diff --git a/backend/models/categoryModel.js b/backend/models/categoryModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6792efce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/models/categoryModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+
+
+const categorySchema = new mongoose.Schema({
+
+    name: String,
+    
+    user_id: {
+    type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
+    ref: 'users'
+},
+    createdAt: {
+    type: Date,
+    default: Date.now()
+
+},
+    updatedAt: {
+    type: Date,
+    default: Date.now()
+}
+});
+
+
+const category = mongoose.model('category', categorySchema);
+
+module.exports= category;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/models/itemModel.js b/backend/models/itemModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8463d4ab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/models/itemModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+
+const itemSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
+    name: String,
+    category_id: {
+        type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
+        ref: 'categories'
+    },
+    note: String,
+    image: String
+});
+
+const item = mongoose.model('item', itemSchema);
+
+module.exports= item;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/models/listModel.js b/backend/models/listModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a306aeb2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/models/listModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+
+const listSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
+
+    name: String,
+    user_id: {
+    type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
+    ref: 'users'
+},
+    createdAt: {
+        type: Date,
+        default: Date.now()
+
+    },
+    updatedAt: {
+        type: Date,
+        default: Date.now()
+    },
+
+    items: {
+
+        type: Array,
+    }
+
+
+});
+
+const list = mongoose.model('list', listSchema);
+
+module.exports= list;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/models/userModel.js b/backend/models/userModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4debf67d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/models/userModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+
+const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
+    username: String,
+    email: String,
+    password: String
+});
+
+const user = mongoose.model('user', userSchema);
+
+module.exports= user;
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc b/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4509242c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e862c4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\detect-libc\bin\detect-libc.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85e43b5fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/detect-libc.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91e5e16a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../mime/cli.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../mime/cli.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..746a27981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\mime\cli.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6f6f4700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mime.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../mime/cli.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../mime/cli.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcd333f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2c9350bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\mkdirp\bin\cmd.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35ce69072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp b/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b44cce223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38976362c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\@mapbox\node-pre-gyp\bin\node-pre-gyp" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8b512586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt b/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e658aac45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../nopt/bin/nopt.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../nopt/bin/nopt.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c92ec036d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\nopt\bin\nopt.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68c40bf91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/nopt.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../nopt/bin/nopt.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../nopt/bin/nopt.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf b/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3e9f7188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../rimraf/bin.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../rimraf/bin.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..698f4ba04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\rimraf\bin.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a244a805e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/rimraf.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../rimraf/bin.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../rimraf/bin.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver b/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10497aa88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd b/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb3aaa1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\semver\bin\semver" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3315ffc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d564ad2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+# node-pre-gyp changelog
+
+## 1.0.5
+- Fix circular reference warning with node >= v14
+
+## 1.0.4
+- Added node v16 to the internal node releases listing
+
+## 1.0.3
+- Improved support configuring s3 uploads (solves https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues/571)
+  - New options added in https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/576: 'bucket', 'region', and `s3ForcePathStyle`
+
+## 1.0.2
+- Fixed regression in proxy support (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues/572)
+
+## 1.0.1
+- Switched from mkdirp@1.0.4 to make-dir@3.1.0 to avoid this bug: https://github.com/isaacs/node-mkdirp/issues/31
+
+## 1.0.0
+- Module is now name-spaced at `@mapbox/node-pre-gyp` and the original `node-pre-gyp` is deprecated.
+- New: support for staging and production s3 targets (see README.md)
+- BREAKING: no longer supporting `node_pre_gyp_accessKeyId` & `node_pre_gyp_secretAccessKey`, use `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` & `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` instead to authenticate against s3 for `info`, `publish`, and `unpublish` commands.
+- Dropped node v6 support, added node v14 support
+- Switched tests to use mapbox-owned bucket for testing
+- Added coverage tracking and linting with eslint
+- Added back support for symlinks inside the tarball
+- Upgraded all test apps to N-API/node-addon-api
+- New: support for staging and production s3 targets (see README.md)
+- Added `node_pre_gyp_s3_host` env var which has priority over the `--s3_host` option or default.
+- Replaced needle with node-fetch
+- Added proxy support for node-fetch
+- Upgraded to mkdirp@1.x
+
+## 0.17.0
+- Got travis + appveyor green again
+- Added support for more node versions
+
+## 0.16.0
+
+- Added Node 15 support in the local database (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/520)
+
+## 0.15.0
+
+- Bump dependency on `mkdirp` from `^0.5.1` to `^0.5.3` (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/492)
+- Bump dependency on `needle` from `^2.2.1` to `^2.5.0` (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/502)
+- Added Node 14 support in the local database (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/501)
+
+## 0.14.0
+
+- Defer modules requires in napi.js (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/434)
+- Bump dependency on `tar` from `^4` to `^4.4.2` (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/454)
+- Support extracting compiled binary from local offline mirror (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/459)
+- Added Node 13 support in the local database (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/483)
+
+## 0.13.0
+
+- Added Node 12 support in the local database (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/449)
+
+## 0.12.0
+
+- Fixed double-build problem with node v10 (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/428)
+- Added node 11 support in the local database (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/422)
+
+## 0.11.0
+
+- Fixed double-install problem with node v10
+- Significant N-API improvements (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/405)
+
+## 0.10.3
+
+- Now will use `request` over `needle` if request is installed. By default `needle` is used for `https`. This should unbreak proxy support that regressed in v0.9.0
+
+## 0.10.2
+
+- Fixed rc/deep-extent security vulnerability
+- Fixed broken reinstall script do to incorrectly named get_best_napi_version
+
+## 0.10.1
+
+- Fix needle error event (@medns)
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+- Allow for a single-level module path when packing @allenluce (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/371)
+- Log warnings instead of errors when falling back @xzyfer (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/366)
+- Add Node.js v10 support to tests (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/372)
+- Remove retire.js from CI (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/372)
+- Remove support for Node.js v4 due to [EOL on April 30th, 2018](https://github.com/nodejs/Release/blob/7dd52354049cae99eed0e9fe01345b0722a86fde/schedule.json#L14)
+- Update appveyor tests to install default NPM version instead of NPM v2.x for all Windows builds (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/375)
+
+## 0.9.1
+
+- Fixed regression (in v0.9.0) with support for http redirects @allenluce (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/361)
+
+## 0.9.0
+
+- Switched from using `request` to `needle` to reduce size of module deps (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/350)
+
+## 0.8.0
+
+- N-API support (@inspiredware)
+
+## 0.7.1
+
+- Upgraded to tar v4.x
+
+## 0.7.0
+
+ - Updated request and hawk (#347)
+ - Dropped node v0.10.x support
+
+## 0.6.40
+
+ - Improved error reporting if an install fails
+
+## 0.6.39
+
+ - Support for node v9
+ - Support for versioning on `{libc}` to allow binaries to work on non-glic linux systems like alpine linux
+
+
+## 0.6.38
+
+ - Maintaining compatibility (for v0.6.x series) with node v0.10.x
+
+## 0.6.37
+
+ - Solved one part of #276: now now deduce the node ABI from the major version for node >= 2 even when not stored in the abi_crosswalk.json
+ - Fixed docs to avoid mentioning the deprecated and dangerous `prepublish` in package.json (#291)
+ - Add new node versions to crosswalk
+ - Ported tests to use tape instead of mocha
+ - Got appveyor tests passing by downgrading npm and node-gyp
+
+## 0.6.36
+
+ - Removed the running of `testbinary` during install. Because this was regressed for so long, it is too dangerous to re-enable by default. Developers needing validation can call `node-pre-gyp testbinary` directory.
+ - Fixed regression in v0.6.35 for electron installs (now skipping binary validation which is not yet supported for electron)
+
+## 0.6.35
+
+ - No longer recommending `npm ls` in `prepublish` (#291)
+ - Fixed testbinary command (#283) @szdavid92
+
+## 0.6.34
+
+ - Added new node versions to crosswalk, including v8
+ - Upgraded deps to latest versions, started using `^` instead of `~` for all deps.
+
+## 0.6.33
+
+ - Improved support for yarn
+
+## 0.6.32
+
+ - Honor npm configuration for CA bundles (@heikkipora)
+ - Add node-pre-gyp and npm versions to user agent (@addaleax)
+ - Updated various deps
+ - Add known node version for v7.x
+
+## 0.6.31
+
+ - Updated various deps
+
+## 0.6.30
+
+ - Update to npmlog@4.x and semver@5.3.x
+ - Add known node version for v6.5.0
+
+## 0.6.29
+
+ - Add known node versions for v0.10.45, v0.12.14, v4.4.4, v5.11.1, and v6.1.0
+
+## 0.6.28
+
+ - Now more verbose when remote binaries are not available. This is needed since npm is increasingly more quiet by default
+   and users need to know why builds are falling back to source compiles that might then error out.
+
+## 0.6.27
+
+ - Add known node version for node v6
+ - Stopped bundling dependencies
+ - Documented method for module authors to avoid bundling node-pre-gyp
+   - See https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/tree/master#configuring for details
+
+## 0.6.26
+
+ - Skip validation for nw runtime (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/181) via @fleg
+
+## 0.6.25
+
+ - Improved support for auto-detection of electron runtime in `node-pre-gyp.find()`
+   - Pull request from @enlight - https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/187
+ - Add known node version for 4.4.1 and 5.9.1
+
+## 0.6.24
+
+ - Add known node version for 5.8.0, 5.9.0, and 4.4.0.
+
+## 0.6.23
+
+ - Add known node version for 0.10.43, 0.12.11, 4.3.2, and 5.7.1.
+
+## 0.6.22
+
+ - Add known node version for 4.3.1, and 5.7.0.
+
+## 0.6.21
+
+ - Add known node version for 0.10.42, 0.12.10, 4.3.0, and 5.6.0.
+
+## 0.6.20
+
+ - Add known node version for 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 5.4.0, 5.4.1,and 5.5.0.
+
+## 0.6.19
+
+ - Add known node version for 4.2.4
+
+## 0.6.18
+
+ - Add new known node versions for 0.10.x, 0.12.x, 4.x, and 5.x
+
+## 0.6.17
+
+ - Re-tagged to fix packaging problem of `Error: Cannot find module 'isarray'`
+
+## 0.6.16
+
+ - Added known version in crosswalk for 5.1.0.
+
+## 0.6.15
+
+ - Upgraded tar-pack (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues/182)
+ - Support custom binary hosting mirror (https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/pull/170)
+ - Added known version in crosswalk for 4.2.2.
+
+## 0.6.14
+
+ - Added node 5.x version
+
+## 0.6.13
+
+ - Added more known node 4.x versions
+
+## 0.6.12
+
+ - Added support for [Electron](http://electron.atom.io/). Just pass the `--runtime=electron` flag when building/installing. Thanks @zcbenz
+
+## 0.6.11
+
+ - Added known node and io.js versions including more 3.x and 4.x versions
+
+## 0.6.10
+
+ - Added known node and io.js versions including 3.x and 4.x versions
+ - Upgraded `tar` dep
+
+## 0.6.9
+
+ - Upgraded `rc` dep
+ - Updated known io.js version: v2.4.0
+
+## 0.6.8
+
+ - Upgraded `semver` and `rimraf` deps
+ - Updated known node and io.js versions
+
+## 0.6.7
+
+ - Fixed `node_abi` versions for io.js 1.1.x -> 1.8.x (should be 43, but was stored as 42) (refs https://github.com/iojs/build/issues/94)
+
+## 0.6.6
+
+ - Updated with known io.js 2.0.0 version
+
+## 0.6.5
+
+ - Now respecting `npm_config_node_gyp` (https://github.com/npm/npm/pull/4887)
+ - Updated to semver@4.3.2
+ - Updated known node v0.12.x versions and io.js 1.x versions.
+
+## 0.6.4
+
+ - Improved support for `io.js` (@fengmk2)
+ - Test coverage improvements (@mikemorris)
+ - Fixed support for `--dist-url` that regressed in 0.6.3
+
+## 0.6.3
+
+ - Added support for passing raw options to node-gyp using `--` separator. Flags passed after
+   the `--` to `node-pre-gyp configure` will be passed directly to gyp while flags passed
+   after the `--` will be passed directly to make/visual studio.
+ - Added `node-pre-gyp configure` command to be able to call `node-gyp configure` directly
+ - Fix issue with require validation not working on windows 7 (@edgarsilva)
+
+## 0.6.2
+
+ - Support for io.js >= v1.0.2
+ - Deferred require of `request` and `tar` to help speed up command line usage of `node-pre-gyp`.
+
+## 0.6.1
+
+ - Fixed bundled `tar` version
+
+## 0.6.0
+
+ - BREAKING: node odd releases like v0.11.x now use `major.minor.patch` for `{node_abi}` instead of `NODE_MODULE_VERSION` (#124)
+ - Added support for `toolset` option in versioning. By default is an empty string but `--toolset` can be passed to publish or install to select alternative binaries that target a custom toolset like C++11. For example to target Visual Studio 2014 modules like node-sqlite3 use `--toolset=v140`.
+ - Added support for `--no-rollback` option to request that a failed binary test does not remove the binary module leaves it in place.
+ - Added support for `--update-binary` option to request an existing binary be re-installed and the check for a valid local module be skipped.
+ - Added support for passing build options from `npm` through `node-pre-gyp` to `node-gyp`: `--nodedir`, `--disturl`, `--python`, and `--msvs_version`
+
+## 0.5.31
+
+ - Added support for deducing node_abi for node.js runtime from previous release if the series is even
+ - Added support for --target=0.10.33
+
+## 0.5.30
+
+ - Repackaged with latest bundled deps
+
+## 0.5.29
+
+ - Added support for semver `build`.
+ - Fixed support for downloading from urls that include `+`.
+
+## 0.5.28
+
+ - Now reporting unix style paths only in reveal command
+
+## 0.5.27
+
+ - Fixed support for auto-detecting s3 bucket name when it contains `.` - @taavo
+ - Fixed support for installing when path contains a `'` - @halfdan
+ - Ported tests to mocha
+
+## 0.5.26
+
+ - Fix node-webkit support when `--target` option is not provided
+
+## 0.5.25
+
+ - Fix bundling of deps
+
+## 0.5.24
+
+ - Updated ABI crosswalk to incldue node v0.10.30 and v0.10.31
+
+## 0.5.23
+
+ - Added `reveal` command. Pass no options to get all versioning data as json. Pass a second arg to grab a single versioned property value
+ - Added support for `--silent` (shortcut for `--loglevel=silent`)
+
+## 0.5.22
+
+ - Fixed node-webkit versioning name (NOTE: node-webkit support still experimental)
+
+## 0.5.21
+
+ - New package to fix `shasum check failed` error with v0.5.20
+
+## 0.5.20
+
+ - Now versioning node-webkit binaries based on major.minor.patch - assuming no compatible ABI across versions (#90)
+
+## 0.5.19
+
+ - Updated to know about more node-webkit releases
+
+## 0.5.18
+
+ - Updated to know about more node-webkit releases
+
+## 0.5.17
+
+ - Updated to know about node v0.10.29 release
+
+## 0.5.16
+
+ - Now supporting all aws-sdk configuration parameters (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/guide/node-configuring.html) (#86)
+
+## 0.5.15
+
+ - Fixed installation of windows packages sub directories on unix systems (#84)
+
+## 0.5.14
+
+ - Finished support for cross building using `--target_platform` option (#82)
+ - Now skipping binary validation on install if target arch/platform do not match the host.
+ - Removed multi-arch validing for OS X since it required a FAT node.js binary
+
+## 0.5.13
+
+ - Fix problem in 0.5.12 whereby the wrong versions of mkdirp and semver where bundled.
+
+## 0.5.12
+
+ - Improved support for node-webkit (@Mithgol)
+
+## 0.5.11
+
+ - Updated target versions listing
+
+## 0.5.10
+
+ - Fixed handling of `-debug` flag passed directory to node-pre-gyp (#72)
+ - Added optional second arg to `node_pre_gyp.find` to customize the default versioning options used to locate the runtime binary
+ - Failed install due to `testbinary` check failure no longer leaves behind binary (#70)
+
+## 0.5.9
+
+ - Fixed regression in `testbinary` command causing installs to fail on windows with 0.5.7 (#60)
+
+## 0.5.8
+
+ - Started bundling deps
+
+## 0.5.7
+
+ - Fixed the `testbinary` check, which is used to determine whether to re-download or source compile, to work even in complex dependency situations (#63)
+ - Exposed the internal `testbinary` command in node-pre-gyp command line tool
+ - Fixed minor bug so that `fallback_to_build` option is always respected
+
+## 0.5.6
+
+ - Added support for versioning on the `name` value in `package.json` (#57).
+ - Moved to using streams for reading tarball when publishing (#52)
+
+## 0.5.5
+
+ - Improved binary validation that also now works with node-webkit (@Mithgol)
+ - Upgraded test apps to work with node v0.11.x
+ - Improved test coverage
+
+## 0.5.4
+
+ - No longer depends on external install of node-gyp for compiling builds.
+
+## 0.5.3
+
+ - Reverted fix for debian/nodejs since it broke windows (#45)
+
+## 0.5.2
+
+ - Support for debian systems where the node binary is named `nodejs` (#45)
+ - Added `bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd` to be able to run command on windows locally (npm creates an .npm automatically when globally installed)
+ - Updated abi-crosswalk with node v0.10.26 entry.
+
+## 0.5.1
+
+ - Various minor bug fixes, several improving windows support for publishing.
+
+## 0.5.0
+
+ - Changed property names in `binary` object: now required are `module_name`, `module_path`, and `host`.
+ - Now `module_path` supports versioning, which allows developers to opt-in to using a versioned install path (#18).
+ - Added `remote_path` which also supports versioning.
+ - Changed `remote_uri` to `host`.
+
+## 0.4.2
+
+ - Added support for `--target` flag to request cross-compile against a specific node/node-webkit version.
+ - Added preliminary support for node-webkit
+ - Fixed support for `--target_arch` option being respected in all cases.
+
+## 0.4.1
+
+ - Fixed exception when only stderr is available in binary test (@bendi / #31)
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+ - Enforce only `https:` based remote publishing access.
+ - Added `node-pre-gyp info` command to display listing of published binaries
+ - Added support for changing the directory node-pre-gyp should build in with the `-C/--directory` option.
+ - Added support for S3 prefixes.
+
+## 0.3.1
+
+ - Added `unpublish` command.
+ - Fixed module path construction in tests.
+ - Added ability to disable falling back to build behavior via `npm install --fallback-to-build=false` which overrides setting in a depedencies package.json `install` target.
+
+## 0.3.0
+
+ - Support for packaging all files in `module_path` directory - see `app4` for example
+ - Added `testpackage` command.
+ - Changed `clean` command to only delete `.node` not entire `build` directory since node-gyp will handle that.
+ - `.node` modules must be in a folder of there own since tar-pack will remove everything when it unpacks.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f5fce91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c), Mapbox
+
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of node-pre-gyp nor the names of its contributors
+      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+      without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/README.md b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b0ee670c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+# @mapbox/node-pre-gyp
+
+#### @mapbox/node-pre-gyp makes it easy to publish and install Node.js C++ addons from binaries
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/3nxewb425y83c0gv)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Mapbox/node-pre-gyp)
+
+`@mapbox/node-pre-gyp` stands between [npm](https://github.com/npm/npm) and [node-gyp](https://github.com/Tootallnate/node-gyp) and offers a cross-platform method of binary deployment.
+
+### Special note on previous package
+
+On Feb 9th, 2021 `@mapbox/node-pre-gyp@1.0.0` was [released](./CHANGELOG.md). Older, unscoped versions that are not part of the `@mapbox` org are deprecated and only `@mapbox/node-pre-gyp` will see updates going forward. To upgrade to the new package do:
+
+```
+npm uninstall node-pre-gyp --save
+npm install @mapbox/node-pre-gyp --save
+```
+
+### Features
+
+ - A command line tool called `node-pre-gyp` that can install your package's C++ module from a binary.
+ - A variety of developer targeted commands for packaging, testing, and publishing binaries.
+ - A JavaScript module that can dynamically require your installed binary: `require('@mapbox/node-pre-gyp').find`
+
+For a hello world example of a module packaged with `node-pre-gyp` see <https://github.com/springmeyer/node-addon-example> and [the wiki ](https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/wiki/Modules-using-node-pre-gyp) for real world examples.
+
+## Credits
+
+ - The module is modeled after [node-gyp](https://github.com/Tootallnate/node-gyp) by [@Tootallnate](https://github.com/Tootallnate)
+ - Motivation for initial development came from [@ErisDS](https://github.com/ErisDS) and the [Ghost Project](https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost).
+ - Development is sponsored by [Mapbox](https://www.mapbox.com/)
+
+## FAQ
+
+See the [Frequently Ask Questions](https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/wiki/FAQ).
+
+## Depends
+
+ - Node.js >= node v8.x
+
+## Install
+
+`node-pre-gyp` is designed to be installed as a local dependency of your Node.js C++ addon and accessed like:
+
+    ./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp --help
+
+But you can also install it globally:
+
+    npm install @mapbox/node-pre-gyp -g
+
+## Usage
+
+### Commands
+
+View all possible commands:
+
+    node-pre-gyp --help
+
+- clean - Remove the entire folder containing the compiled .node module
+- install - Install pre-built binary for module
+- reinstall - Run "clean" and "install" at once
+- build - Compile the module by dispatching to node-gyp or nw-gyp
+- rebuild - Run "clean" and "build" at once
+- package - Pack binary into tarball
+- testpackage - Test that the staged package is valid
+- publish - Publish pre-built binary
+- unpublish - Unpublish pre-built binary
+- info - Fetch info on published binaries
+
+You can also chain commands:
+
+    node-pre-gyp clean build unpublish publish info
+
+### Options
+
+Options include:
+
+ - `-C/--directory`: run the command in this directory
+ - `--build-from-source`: build from source instead of using pre-built binary
+ - `--update-binary`: reinstall by replacing previously installed local binary with remote binary
+ - `--runtime=node-webkit`: customize the runtime: `node`, `electron` and `node-webkit` are the valid options
+ - `--fallback-to-build`: fallback to building from source if pre-built binary is not available
+ - `--target=0.4.0`: Pass the target node or node-webkit version to compile against
+ - `--target_arch=ia32`: Pass the target arch and override the host `arch`. Valid values are 'ia32','x64', or `arm`.
+ - `--target_platform=win32`: Pass the target platform and override the host `platform`. Valid values are `linux`, `darwin`, `win32`, `sunos`, `freebsd`, `openbsd`, and `aix`.
+
+Both `--build-from-source` and `--fallback-to-build` can be passed alone or they can provide values. You can pass `--fallback-to-build=false` to override the option as declared in package.json. In addition to being able to pass `--build-from-source` you can also pass `--build-from-source=myapp` where `myapp` is the name of your module.
+
+For example: `npm install --build-from-source=myapp`. This is useful if:
+
+ - `myapp` is referenced in the package.json of a larger app and therefore `myapp` is being installed as a dependency with `npm install`.
+ - The larger app also depends on other modules installed with `node-pre-gyp`
+ - You only want to trigger a source compile for `myapp` and the other modules.
+
+### Configuring
+
+This is a guide to configuring your module to use node-pre-gyp.
+
+#### 1) Add new entries to your `package.json`
+
+ - Add `@mapbox/node-pre-gyp` to `dependencies`
+ - Add `aws-sdk` as a `devDependency`
+ - Add a custom `install` script
+ - Declare a `binary` object
+
+This looks like:
+
+```js
+    "dependencies"  : {
+      "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp": "1.x"
+    },
+    "devDependencies": {
+      "aws-sdk": "2.x"
+    }
+    "scripts": {
+        "install": "node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build"
+    },
+    "binary": {
+        "module_name": "your_module",
+        "module_path": "./lib/binding/",
+        "host": "https://your_module.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com"
+    }
+```
+
+For a full example see [node-addon-examples's package.json](https://github.com/springmeyer/node-addon-example/blob/master/package.json).
+
+Let's break this down:
+
+ - Dependencies need to list `node-pre-gyp`
+ - Your devDependencies should list `aws-sdk` so that you can run `node-pre-gyp publish` locally or a CI system. We recommend using `devDependencies` only since `aws-sdk` is large and not needed for `node-pre-gyp install` since it only uses http to fetch binaries
+ - Your `scripts` section should override the `install` target with `"install": "node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build"`. This allows node-pre-gyp to be used instead of the default npm behavior of always source compiling with `node-gyp` directly.
+ - Your package.json should contain a `binary` section describing key properties you provide to allow node-pre-gyp to package optimally. They are detailed below.
+
+Note: in the past we recommended putting `@mapbox/node-pre-gyp` in the `bundledDependencies`, but we no longer recommend this. In the past there were npm bugs (with node versions 0.10.x) that could lead to node-pre-gyp not being available at the right time during install (unless we bundled). This should no longer be the case. Also, for a time we recommended using `"preinstall": "npm install @mapbox/node-pre-gyp"` as an alternative method to avoid needing to bundle. But this did not behave predictably across all npm versions - see https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues/260 for the details. So we do not recommend using `preinstall` to install `@mapbox/node-pre-gyp`. More history on this at https://github.com/strongloop/fsevents/issues/157#issuecomment-265545908.
+
+##### The `binary` object has three required properties
+
+###### module_name
+
+The name of your native node module. This value must:
+
+ - Match the name passed to [the NODE_MODULE macro](http://nodejs.org/api/addons.html#addons_hello_world)
+ - Must be a valid C variable name (e.g. it cannot contain `-`)
+ - Should not include the `.node` extension.
+
+###### module_path
+
+The location your native module is placed after a build. This should be an empty directory without other Javascript files. This entire directory will be packaged in the binary tarball. When installing from a remote package this directory will be overwritten with the contents of the tarball.
+
+Note: This property supports variables based on [Versioning](#versioning).
+
+###### host
+
+A url to the remote location where you've published tarball binaries (must be `https` not `http`).
+
+It is highly recommended that you use Amazon S3. The reasons are:
+
+  - Various node-pre-gyp commands like `publish` and `info` only work with an S3 host.
+  - S3 is a very solid hosting platform for distributing large files.
+  - We provide detail documentation for using [S3 hosting](#s3-hosting) with node-pre-gyp.
+
+Why then not require S3? Because while some applications using node-pre-gyp need to distribute binaries as large as 20-30 MB, others might have very small binaries and might wish to store them in a GitHub repo. This is not recommended, but if an author really wants to host in a non-S3 location then it should be possible.
+
+It should also be mentioned that there is an optional and entirely separate npm module called [node-pre-gyp-github](https://github.com/bchr02/node-pre-gyp-github) which is intended to complement node-pre-gyp and be installed along with it. It provides the ability to store and publish your binaries within your repositories GitHub Releases if you would rather not use S3 directly. Installation and usage instructions can be found [here](https://github.com/bchr02/node-pre-gyp-github), but the basic premise is that instead of using the ```node-pre-gyp publish``` command you would use ```node-pre-gyp-github publish```.
+
+##### The `binary` object other optional S3 properties
+
+If you are not using a standard s3 path like `bucket_name.s3(.-)region.amazonaws.com`, you might get an error on `publish` because node-pre-gyp extracts the region and bucket from the `host` url. For example, you may have an on-premises s3-compatible storage  server, or may have configured a specific dns redirecting to an s3  endpoint. In these cases, you can explicitly set the `region` and `bucket` properties to tell node-pre-gyp to use these values instead of guessing from the `host` property. The following values can be used in the `binary` section:
+
+###### host
+
+The url to the remote server root location (must be `https` not `http`).
+
+###### bucket
+
+The bucket name where your tarball binaries should be located.
+
+###### region
+
+Your S3 server region.
+
+###### s3ForcePathStyle
+
+Set `s3ForcePathStyle` to true if the endpoint url should not be prefixed with the bucket name. If false (default), the server endpoint would be  constructed as `bucket_name.your_server.com`.
+
+##### The `binary` object has optional properties
+
+###### remote_path
+
+It **is recommended** that you customize this property. This is an extra path to use for publishing and finding remote tarballs. The default value for `remote_path` is `""` meaning that if you do not provide it then all packages will be published at the base of the `host`. It is recommended to provide a value like `./{name}/v{version}` to help organize remote packages in the case that you choose to publish multiple node addons to the same `host`.
+
+Note: This property supports variables based on [Versioning](#versioning).
+
+###### package_name
+
+It is **not recommended** to override this property unless you are also overriding the `remote_path`. This is the versioned name of the remote tarball containing the binary `.node` module and any supporting files you've placed inside the `module_path` directory. Unless you specify `package_name` in your `package.json` then it defaults to `{module_name}-v{version}-{node_abi}-{platform}-{arch}.tar.gz` which allows your binary to work across node versions, platforms, and architectures. If you are using `remote_path` that is also versioned by `./{module_name}/v{version}` then you could remove these variables from the `package_name` and just use: `{node_abi}-{platform}-{arch}.tar.gz`. Then your remote tarball will be looked up at, for example, `https://example.com/your-module/v0.1.0/node-v11-linux-x64.tar.gz`.
+
+Avoiding the version of your module in the `package_name` and instead only embedding in a directory name can be useful when you want to make a quick tag of your module that does not change any C++ code. In this case you can just copy binaries to the new version behind the scenes like:
+
+```sh
+aws s3 sync --acl public-read s3://mapbox-node-binary/sqlite3/v3.0.3/ s3://mapbox-node-binary/sqlite3/v3.0.4/
+```
+
+Note: This property supports variables based on [Versioning](#versioning).
+
+#### 2) Add a new target to binding.gyp
+
+`node-pre-gyp` calls out to `node-gyp` to compile the module and passes variables along like [module_name](#module_name) and [module_path](#module_path).
+
+A new target must be added to `binding.gyp` that moves the compiled `.node` module from `./build/Release/module_name.node` into the directory specified by `module_path`.
+
+Add a target like this at the end of your `targets` list:
+
+```js
+    {
+      "target_name": "action_after_build",
+      "type": "none",
+      "dependencies": [ "<(module_name)" ],
+      "copies": [
+        {
+          "files": [ "<(PRODUCT_DIR)/<(module_name).node" ],
+          "destination": "<(module_path)"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+```
+
+For a full example see [node-addon-example's binding.gyp](https://github.com/springmeyer/node-addon-example/blob/2ff60a8ded7f042864ad21db00c3a5a06cf47075/binding.gyp).
+
+#### 3) Dynamically require your `.node`
+
+Inside the main js file that requires your addon module you are likely currently doing:
+
+```js
+var binding = require('../build/Release/binding.node');
+```
+
+or:
+
+```js
+var bindings = require('./bindings')
+```
+
+Change those lines to:
+
+```js
+var binary = require('@mapbox/node-pre-gyp');
+var path = require('path');
+var binding_path = binary.find(path.resolve(path.join(__dirname,'./package.json')));
+var binding = require(binding_path);
+```
+
+For a full example see [node-addon-example's index.js](https://github.com/springmeyer/node-addon-example/blob/2ff60a8ded7f042864ad21db00c3a5a06cf47075/index.js#L1-L4)
+
+#### 4) Build and package your app
+
+Now build your module from source:
+
+    npm install --build-from-source
+
+The `--build-from-source` tells `node-pre-gyp` to not look for a remote package and instead dispatch to node-gyp to build.
+
+Now `node-pre-gyp` should now also be installed as a local dependency so the command line tool it offers can be found at `./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp`.
+
+#### 5) Test
+
+Now `npm test` should work just as it did before.
+
+#### 6) Publish the tarball
+
+Then package your app:
+
+    ./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp package
+
+Once packaged, now you can publish:
+
+    ./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp publish
+
+Currently the `publish` command pushes your binary to S3. This requires:
+
+ - You have installed `aws-sdk` with `npm install aws-sdk`
+ - You have created a bucket already.
+ - The `host` points to an S3 http or https endpoint.
+ - You have configured node-pre-gyp to read your S3 credentials (see [S3 hosting](#s3-hosting) for details).
+
+You can also host your binaries elsewhere. To do this requires:
+
+ - You manually publish the binary created by the `package` command to an `https` endpoint
+ - Ensure that the `host` value points to your custom `https` endpoint.
+
+#### 7) Automate builds
+
+Now you need to publish builds for all the platforms and node versions you wish to support. This is best automated.
+
+ - See [Appveyor Automation](#appveyor-automation) for how to auto-publish builds on Windows.
+ - See [Travis Automation](#travis-automation) for how to auto-publish builds on OS X and Linux.
+
+#### 8) You're done!
+
+Now publish your module to the npm registry. Users will now be able to install your module from a binary.
+
+What will happen is this:
+
+1. `npm install <your package>` will pull from the npm registry
+2. npm will run the `install` script which will call out to `node-pre-gyp`
+3. `node-pre-gyp` will fetch the binary `.node` module and unpack in the right place
+4. Assuming that all worked, you are done
+
+If a a binary was not available for a given platform and `--fallback-to-build` was used then `node-gyp rebuild` will be called to try to source compile the module.
+
+#### 9) One more option
+
+It may be that you want to work with two s3 buckets, one for staging and one for production; this
+arrangement makes it less likely to accidentally overwrite a production binary. It also allows the production
+environment to have more restrictive permissions than staging while still enabling publishing when
+developing and testing.
+
+The binary.host property can be set at execution time. In order to do so all of the following conditions
+must be true.
+
+- binary.host is falsey or not present
+- binary.staging_host is not empty
+- binary.production_host is not empty
+
+If any of these checks fail then the operation will not perform execution time determination of the s3 target.
+
+If the command being executed is "publish" then the default is set to `binary.staging_host`. In all other cases
+the default is `binary.production_host`.
+
+The command-line options `--s3_host=staging` or `--s3_host=production` override the default. If `s3_host`
+is present and not `staging` or `production` an exception is thrown.
+
+This allows installing from staging by specifying `--s3_host=staging`. And it requires specifying
+`--s3_option=production` in order to publish to production making accidental publishing less likely.
+
+## Node-API Considerations
+
+[Node-API](https://nodejs.org/api/n-api.html#n_api_node_api), which was previously known as N-API, is an ABI-stable alternative to previous technologies such as [nan](https://github.com/nodejs/nan) which are tied to a specific Node runtime engine. Node-API is Node runtime engine agnostic and guarantees modules created today will continue to run, without changes, into the future.
+
+Using `node-pre-gyp` with Node-API projects requires a handful of additional configuration values and imposes some additional requirements.
+
+The most significant difference is that an Node-API module can be coded to target multiple  Node-API versions. Therefore, an Node-API module must declare in its `package.json` file which Node-API versions the module is designed to run against. In addition, since multiple builds may be required for a single module, path and file names must be specified in way that avoids naming conflicts.
+
+### The `napi_versions` array property
+
+A Node-API module must declare in its `package.json` file, the Node-API versions the module is intended to support. This is accomplished by including an `napi-versions` array property in the `binary` object. For example:
+
+```js
+"binary": {
+    "module_name": "your_module",
+    "module_path": "your_module_path",
+    "host": "https://your_bucket.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com",
+    "napi_versions": [1,3]
+  }
+```
+
+If the `napi_versions` array property is *not* present, `node-pre-gyp` operates as it always has. Including the `napi_versions` array property instructs `node-pre-gyp` that this is a Node-API module build.
+
+When the `napi_versions` array property is present, `node-pre-gyp` fires off multiple operations, one for each of the Node-API versions in the array. In the example above, two operations are initiated, one for Node-API version 1 and second for Node-API version 3. How this version number is communicated is described next.
+
+### The `napi_build_version` value
+
+For each of the Node-API module operations `node-pre-gyp` initiates, it ensures that the `napi_build_version` is set appropriately.
+
+This value is of importance in two areas:
+
+1. The C/C++ code which needs to know against which Node-API version it should compile.
+2. `node-pre-gyp` itself which must assign appropriate path and file names to avoid collisions.
+
+### Defining `NAPI_VERSION` for the C/C++ code
+
+The `napi_build_version` value is communicated to the C/C++ code by adding this code to the `binding.gyp` file:
+
+```
+"defines": [
+    "NAPI_VERSION=<(napi_build_version)",
+]
+```
+
+This ensures that `NAPI_VERSION`, an integer value, is declared appropriately to the C/C++ code for each build.
+
+> Note that earlier versions of this document recommended defining the symbol `NAPI_BUILD_VERSION`. `NAPI_VERSION` is preferred because it used by the Node-API C/C++ headers to configure the specific Node-API versions being requested.
+
+### Path and file naming requirements in `package.json`
+
+Since `node-pre-gyp` fires off multiple operations for each request, it is essential that path and file names be created in such a way as to avoid collisions. This is accomplished by imposing additional path and file naming requirements.
+
+Specifically, when performing Node-API builds, the `{napi_build_version}` text configuration value  *must* be present in the `module_path` property. In addition, the `{napi_build_version}` text configuration value  *must* be present in either the `remote_path` or `package_name` property. (No problem if it's in both.)
+
+Here's an example:
+
+```js
+"binary": {
+    "module_name": "your_module",
+    "module_path": "./lib/binding/napi-v{napi_build_version}",
+    "remote_path": "./{module_name}/v{version}/{configuration}/",
+    "package_name": "{platform}-{arch}-napi-v{napi_build_version}.tar.gz",
+    "host": "https://your_bucket.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com",
+    "napi_versions": [1,3]
+  }
+```
+
+## Supporting both Node-API and NAN builds
+
+You may have a legacy native add-on that you wish to continue supporting for those versions of Node that do not support Node-API, as you add Node-API support for later Node versions. This can be accomplished by specifying the `node_napi_label` configuration value in the package.json `binary.package_name` property.
+
+Placing the configuration value `node_napi_label` in the package.json `binary.package_name` property instructs `node-pre-gyp` to build all viable Node-API binaries supported by the current Node instance. If the current Node instance does not support Node-API, `node-pre-gyp` will request a traditional, non-Node-API build.
+
+The configuration value `node_napi_label` is set by `node-pre-gyp` to the type of build created, `napi` or `node`, and the version number. For Node-API builds, the string contains the Node-API version nad has values like `napi-v3`. For traditional, non-Node-API builds, the string contains the ABI version with values like `node-v46`.
+
+Here's how the `binary` configuration above might be changed to support both Node-API and NAN builds:
+
+```js
+"binary": {
+    "module_name": "your_module",
+    "module_path": "./lib/binding/{node_napi_label}",
+    "remote_path": "./{module_name}/v{version}/{configuration}/",
+    "package_name": "{platform}-{arch}-{node_napi_label}.tar.gz",
+    "host": "https://your_bucket.s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com",
+    "napi_versions": [1,3]
+  }
+```
+
+The C/C++ symbol `NAPI_VERSION` can be used to distinguish Node-API and non-Node-API builds. The value of `NAPI_VERSION` is set to the integer Node-API version for Node-API builds and is set to `0` for non-Node-API builds.
+
+For example:
+
+```C
+#if NAPI_VERSION
+// Node-API code goes here
+#else
+// NAN code goes here
+#endif
+```
+
+### Two additional configuration values
+
+The following two configuration values, which were implemented in previous versions of `node-pre-gyp`, continue to exist, but have been replaced by the `node_napi_label` configuration value described above.
+
+1. `napi_version` If Node-API is supported by the currently executing Node instance, this value is the Node-API version number supported by Node. If Node-API is not supported, this value is an empty string.
+
+2. `node_abi_napi` If the value returned for `napi_version` is non empty, this value is `'napi'`. If the value returned for `napi_version` is empty, this value is the value returned for `node_abi`.
+
+These values are present for use in the `binding.gyp` file and may be used as `{napi_version}` and `{node_abi_napi}` for text substituion in the `binary` properties of the `package.json` file.
+
+## S3 Hosting
+
+You can host wherever you choose but S3 is cheap, `node-pre-gyp publish` expects it, and S3 can be integrated well with [Travis.ci](http://travis-ci.org) to automate builds for OS X and Ubuntu, and with [Appveyor](http://appveyor.com) to automate builds for Windows. Here is an approach to do this:
+
+First, get setup locally and test the workflow:
+
+#### 1) Create an S3 bucket
+
+And have your **key** and **secret key** ready for writing to the bucket.
+
+It is recommended to create a IAM user with a policy that only gives permissions to the specific bucket you plan to publish to. This can be done in the [IAM console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/) by: 1) adding a new user, 2) choosing `Attach User Policy`, 3) Using the `Policy Generator`, 4) selecting `Amazon S3` for the service, 5) adding the actions: `DeleteObject`, `GetObject`, `GetObjectAcl`, `ListBucket`, `HeadBucket`, `PutObject`, `PutObjectAcl`, 6) adding an ARN of `arn:aws:s3:::bucket/*` (replacing `bucket` with your bucket name), and finally 7) clicking `Add Statement` and saving the policy. It should generate a policy like:
+
+```js
+{
+    "Version": "2012-10-17",
+    "Statement": [
+        {
+            "Sid": "objects",
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Action": [
+                "s3:PutObject",
+                "s3:GetObjectAcl",
+                "s3:GetObject",
+                "s3:DeleteObject",
+                "s3:PutObjectAcl"
+            ],
+            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::your-bucket-name/*"
+        },
+        {
+            "Sid": "bucket",
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Action": "s3:ListBucket",
+            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::your-bucket-name"
+        },
+        {
+            "Sid": "buckets",
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Action": "s3:HeadBucket",
+            "Resource": "*"
+        }
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+#### 2) Install node-pre-gyp
+
+Either install it globally:
+
+    npm install node-pre-gyp -g
+
+Or put the local version on your PATH
+
+    export PATH=`pwd`/node_modules/.bin/:$PATH
+
+#### 3) Configure AWS credentials
+
+It is recommended to configure the AWS JS SDK v2 used internally by `node-pre-gyp` by setting these environment variables:
+
+- AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+- AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
+
+But also you can also use the `Shared Config File` mentioned [in the AWS JS SDK v2 docs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v2/developer-guide/configuring-the-jssdk.html)
+
+#### 4) Package and publish your build
+
+Install the `aws-sdk`:
+
+    npm install aws-sdk
+
+Then publish:
+
+    node-pre-gyp package publish
+
+Note: if you hit an error like `Hostname/IP doesn't match certificate's altnames` it may mean that you need to provide the `region` option in your config.
+
+## Appveyor Automation
+
+[Appveyor](http://www.appveyor.com/) can build binaries and publish the results per commit and supports:
+
+ - Windows Visual Studio 2013 and related compilers
+ - Both 64 bit (x64) and 32 bit (x86) build configurations
+ - Multiple Node.js versions
+
+For an example of doing this see [node-sqlite3's appveyor.yml](https://github.com/mapbox/node-sqlite3/blob/master/appveyor.yml).
+
+Below is a guide to getting set up:
+
+#### 1) Create a free Appveyor account
+
+Go to https://ci.appveyor.com/signup/free and sign in with your GitHub account.
+
+#### 2) Create a new project
+
+Go to https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new and select the GitHub repo for your module
+
+#### 3) Add appveyor.yml and push it
+
+Once you have committed an `appveyor.yml` ([appveyor.yml reference](http://www.appveyor.com/docs/appveyor-yml)) to your GitHub repo and pushed it AppVeyor should automatically start building your project.
+
+#### 4) Create secure variables
+
+Encrypt your S3 AWS keys by going to <https://ci.appveyor.com/tools/encrypt> and hitting the `encrypt` button.
+
+Then paste the result into your `appveyor.yml`
+
+```yml
+environment:
+  AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
+    secure: Dn9HKdLNYvDgPdQOzRq/DqZ/MPhjknRHB1o+/lVU8MA=
+  AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
+    secure: W1rwNoSnOku1r+28gnoufO8UA8iWADmL1LiiwH9IOkIVhDTNGdGPJqAlLjNqwLnL
+```
+
+NOTE: keys are per account but not per repo (this is difference than Travis where keys are per repo but not related to the account used to encrypt them).
+
+#### 5) Hook up publishing
+
+Just put `node-pre-gyp package publish` in your `appveyor.yml` after `npm install`.
+
+#### 6) Publish when you want
+
+You might wish to publish binaries only on a specific commit. To do this you could borrow from the [Travis CI idea of commit keywords](http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/how-to-skip-a-build/) and add special handling for commit messages with `[publish binary]`:
+
+    SET CM=%APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT_MESSAGE%
+    if not "%CM%" == "%CM:[publish binary]=%" node-pre-gyp --msvs_version=2013 publish
+
+If your commit message contains special characters (e.g. `&`) this method might fail. An alternative is to use PowerShell, which gives you additional possibilities, like ignoring case by using `ToLower()`:
+
+    ps: if($env:APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT_MESSAGE.ToLower().Contains('[publish binary]')) { node-pre-gyp --msvs_version=2013 publish }
+
+Remember this publishing is not the same as `npm publish`. We're just talking about the binary module here and not your entire npm package.
+
+## Travis Automation
+
+[Travis](https://travis-ci.org/) can push to S3 after a successful build and supports both:
+
+ - Ubuntu Precise and OS X (64 bit)
+ - Multiple Node.js versions
+
+For an example of doing this see [node-add-example's .travis.yml](https://github.com/springmeyer/node-addon-example/blob/2ff60a8ded7f042864ad21db00c3a5a06cf47075/.travis.yml).
+
+Note: if you need 32 bit binaries, this can be done from a 64 bit Travis machine. See [the node-sqlite3 scripts for an example of doing this](https://github.com/mapbox/node-sqlite3/blob/bae122aa6a2b8a45f6b717fab24e207740e32b5d/scripts/build_against_node.sh#L54-L74).
+
+Below is a guide to getting set up:
+
+#### 1) Install the Travis gem
+
+    gem install travis
+
+#### 2) Create secure variables
+
+Make sure you run this command from within the directory of your module.
+
+Use `travis-encrypt` like:
+
+    travis encrypt node_pre_gyp_accessKeyId=${node_pre_gyp_accessKeyId}
+    travis encrypt node_pre_gyp_secretAccessKey=${node_pre_gyp_secretAccessKey}
+
+Then put those values in your `.travis.yml` like:
+
+```yaml
+env:
+  global:
+    - secure: F+sEL/v56CzHqmCSSES4pEyC9NeQlkoR0Gs/ZuZxX1ytrj8SKtp3MKqBj7zhIclSdXBz4Ev966Da5ctmcTd410p0b240MV6BVOkLUtkjZJyErMBOkeb8n8yVfSoeMx8RiIhBmIvEn+rlQq+bSFis61/JkE9rxsjkGRZi14hHr4M=
+    - secure: o2nkUQIiABD139XS6L8pxq3XO5gch27hvm/gOdV+dzNKc/s2KomVPWcOyXNxtJGhtecAkABzaW8KHDDi5QL1kNEFx6BxFVMLO8rjFPsMVaBG9Ks6JiDQkkmrGNcnVdxI/6EKTLHTH5WLsz8+J7caDBzvKbEfTux5EamEhxIWgrI=
+```
+
+More details on Travis encryption at http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/encryption-keys/.
+
+#### 3) Hook up publishing
+
+Just put `node-pre-gyp package publish` in your `.travis.yml` after `npm install`.
+
+##### OS X publishing
+
+If you want binaries for OS X in addition to linux you can enable [multi-os for Travis](http://docs.travis-ci.com/user/multi-os/#Setting-.travis.yml)
+
+Use a configuration like:
+
+```yml
+
+language: cpp
+
+os:
+- linux
+- osx
+
+env:
+  matrix:
+    - NODE_VERSION="4"
+    - NODE_VERSION="6"
+
+before_install:
+- rm -rf ~/.nvm/ && git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm
+- source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh
+- nvm install $NODE_VERSION
+- nvm use $NODE_VERSION
+```
+
+See [Travis OS X Gotchas](#travis-os-x-gotchas) for why we replace `language: node_js` and `node_js:` sections with `language: cpp` and a custom matrix.
+
+Also create platform specific sections for any deps that need install. For example if you need libpng:
+
+```yml
+- if [ $(uname -s) == 'Linux' ]; then apt-get install libpng-dev; fi;
+- if [ $(uname -s) == 'Darwin' ]; then brew install libpng; fi;
+```
+
+For detailed multi-OS examples see [node-mapnik](https://github.com/mapnik/node-mapnik/blob/master/.travis.yml) and [node-sqlite3](https://github.com/mapbox/node-sqlite3/blob/master/.travis.yml).
+
+##### Travis OS X Gotchas
+
+First, unlike the Travis Linux machines, the OS X machines do not put `node-pre-gyp` on PATH by default. To do so you will need to:
+
+```sh
+export PATH=$(pwd)/node_modules/.bin:${PATH}
+```
+
+Second, the OS X machines do not support using a matrix for installing different Node.js versions. So you need to bootstrap the installation of Node.js in a cross platform way.
+
+By doing:
+
+```yml
+env:
+  matrix:
+    - NODE_VERSION="4"
+    - NODE_VERSION="6"
+
+before_install:
+ - rm -rf ~/.nvm/ && git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm
+ - source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh
+ - nvm install $NODE_VERSION
+ - nvm use $NODE_VERSION
+```
+
+You can easily recreate the previous behavior of this matrix:
+
+```yml
+node_js:
+  - "4"
+  - "6"
+```
+
+#### 4) Publish when you want
+
+You might wish to publish binaries only on a specific commit. To do this you could borrow from the [Travis CI idea of commit keywords](http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/how-to-skip-a-build/) and add special handling for commit messages with `[publish binary]`:
+
+    COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log --format=%B --no-merges -n 1 | tr -d '\n')
+    if [[ ${COMMIT_MESSAGE} =~ "[publish binary]" ]]; then node-pre-gyp publish; fi;
+
+Then you can trigger new binaries to be built like:
+
+    git commit -a -m "[publish binary]"
+
+Or, if you don't have any changes to make simply run:
+
+    git commit --allow-empty -m "[publish binary]"
+
+WARNING: if you are working in a pull request and publishing binaries from there then you will want to avoid double publishing when Travis CI builds both the `push` and `pr`. You only want to run the publish on the `push` commit. See https://github.com/Project-OSRM/node-osrm/blob/8eb837abe2e2e30e595093d16e5354bc5c573575/scripts/is_pr_merge.sh which is called from https://github.com/Project-OSRM/node-osrm/blob/8eb837abe2e2e30e595093d16e5354bc5c573575/scripts/publish.sh for an example of how to do this.
+
+Remember this publishing is not the same as `npm publish`. We're just talking about the binary module here and not your entire npm package. To automate the publishing of your entire package to npm on Travis see http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/deployment/npm/
+
+# Versioning
+
+The `binary` properties of `module_path`, `remote_path`, and `package_name` support variable substitution. The strings are evaluated by `node-pre-gyp` depending on your system and any custom build flags you passed.
+
+ - `node_abi`: The node C++ `ABI` number. This value is available in Javascript as `process.versions.modules` as of [`>= v0.10.4 >= v0.11.7`](https://github.com/joyent/node/commit/ccabd4a6fa8a6eb79d29bc3bbe9fe2b6531c2d8e) and in C++ as the `NODE_MODULE_VERSION` define much earlier. For versions of Node before this was available we fallback to the V8 major and minor version.
+ - `platform` matches node's `process.platform` like `linux`, `darwin`, and `win32` unless the user passed the `--target_platform` option to override.
+ - `arch` matches node's `process.arch` like `x64` or `ia32` unless the user passes the `--target_arch` option to override.
+ - `libc` matches `require('detect-libc').family` like `glibc` or `musl` unless the user passes the `--target_libc` option to override.
+ - `configuration` - Either 'Release' or 'Debug' depending on if `--debug` is passed during the build.
+ - `module_name` - the `binary.module_name` attribute from `package.json`.
+ - `version` - the semver `version` value for your module from `package.json` (NOTE: ignores the `semver.build` property).
+ - `major`, `minor`, `patch`, and `prelease` match the individual semver values for your module's `version`
+ - `build` - the sevmer `build` value. For example it would be `this.that` if your package.json `version` was `v1.0.0+this.that`
+ - `prerelease` - the semver `prerelease` value. For example it would be `alpha.beta` if your package.json `version` was `v1.0.0-alpha.beta`
+
+
+The options are visible in the code at <https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/blob/612b7bca2604508d881e1187614870ba19a7f0c5/lib/util/versioning.js#L114-L127>
+
+# Download binary files from a mirror
+
+S3 is broken in China for the well known reason.
+
+Using the `npm` config argument: `--{module_name}_binary_host_mirror` can download binary files through a mirror, `-` in `module_name` will be replaced with `_`.
+
+e.g.: Install [v8-profiler](https://www.npmjs.com/package/v8-profiler) from `npm`.
+
+```bash
+$ npm install v8-profiler --profiler_binary_host_mirror=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node-inspector/
+```
+
+e.g.: Install [canvas-prebuilt](https://www.npmjs.com/package/canvas-prebuilt) from `npm`.
+
+```bash
+$ npm install canvas-prebuilt --canvas_prebuilt_binary_host_mirror=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/canvas-prebuilt/
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c38d34d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+'use strict';
+
+require('../lib/main');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46e14b541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+@echo off
+node  "%~dp0\node-pre-gyp" %*
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/contributing.md b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/contributing.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4038fa6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/contributing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Contributing
+
+
+### Releasing a new version:
+
+- Ensure tests are passing on travis and appveyor
+- Run `node scripts/abi_crosswalk.js` and commit any changes
+- Update the changelog
+- Tag a new release like: `git tag -a v0.6.34 -m "tagging v0.6.34" && git push --tags`
+- Run `npm publish`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/build.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/build.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8a1459d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/build.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = build;
+
+exports.usage = 'Attempts to compile the module by dispatching to node-gyp or nw-gyp';
+
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const compile = require('./util/compile.js');
+const handle_gyp_opts = require('./util/handle_gyp_opts.js');
+const configure = require('./configure.js');
+
+function do_build(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  handle_gyp_opts(gyp, argv, (err, result) => {
+    let final_args = ['build'].concat(result.gyp).concat(result.pre);
+    if (result.unparsed.length > 0) {
+      final_args = final_args.
+        concat(['--']).
+        concat(result.unparsed);
+    }
+    if (!err && result.opts.napi_build_version) {
+      napi.swap_build_dir_in(result.opts.napi_build_version);
+    }
+    compile.run_gyp(final_args, result.opts, (err2) => {
+      if (result.opts.napi_build_version) {
+        napi.swap_build_dir_out(result.opts.napi_build_version);
+      }
+      return callback(err2);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function build(gyp, argv, callback) {
+
+  // Form up commands to pass to node-gyp:
+  // We map `node-pre-gyp build` to `node-gyp configure build` so that we do not
+  // trigger a clean and therefore do not pay the penalty of a full recompile
+  if (argv.length && (argv.indexOf('rebuild') > -1)) {
+    argv.shift(); // remove `rebuild`
+    // here we map `node-pre-gyp rebuild` to `node-gyp rebuild` which internally means
+    // "clean + configure + build" and triggers a full recompile
+    compile.run_gyp(['clean'], {}, (err3) => {
+      if (err3) return callback(err3);
+      configure(gyp, argv, (err4) => {
+        if (err4) return callback(err4);
+        return do_build(gyp, argv, callback);
+      });
+    });
+  } else {
+    return do_build(gyp, argv, callback);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/clean.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/clean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6933923e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/clean.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = clean;
+
+exports.usage = 'Removes the entire folder containing the compiled .node module';
+
+const rm = require('rimraf');
+const exists = require('fs').exists || require('path').exists;
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const path = require('path');
+
+function clean(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  const to_delete = opts.module_path;
+  if (!to_delete) {
+    return callback(new Error('module_path is empty, refusing to delete'));
+  } else if (path.normalize(to_delete) === path.normalize(process.cwd())) {
+    return callback(new Error('module_path is not set, refusing to delete'));
+  } else {
+    exists(to_delete, (found) => {
+      if (found) {
+        if (!gyp.opts.silent_clean) console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] Removing "%s"', to_delete);
+        return rm(to_delete, callback);
+      }
+      return callback();
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/configure.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/configure.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1337c0cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/configure.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = configure;
+
+exports.usage = 'Attempts to configure node-gyp or nw-gyp build';
+
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const compile = require('./util/compile.js');
+const handle_gyp_opts = require('./util/handle_gyp_opts.js');
+
+function configure(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  handle_gyp_opts(gyp, argv, (err, result) => {
+    let final_args = result.gyp.concat(result.pre);
+    // pull select node-gyp configure options out of the npm environ
+    const known_gyp_args = ['dist-url', 'python', 'nodedir', 'msvs_version'];
+    known_gyp_args.forEach((key) => {
+      const val = gyp.opts[key] || gyp.opts[key.replace('-', '_')];
+      if (val) {
+        final_args.push('--' + key + '=' + val);
+      }
+    });
+    // --ensure=false tell node-gyp to re-install node development headers
+    // but it is only respected by node-gyp install, so we have to call install
+    // as a separate step if the user passes it
+    if (gyp.opts.ensure === false) {
+      const install_args = final_args.concat(['install', '--ensure=false']);
+      compile.run_gyp(install_args, result.opts, (err2) => {
+        if (err2) return callback(err2);
+        if (result.unparsed.length > 0) {
+          final_args = final_args.
+            concat(['--']).
+            concat(result.unparsed);
+        }
+        compile.run_gyp(['configure'].concat(final_args), result.opts, (err3) => {
+          return callback(err3);
+        });
+      });
+    } else {
+      if (result.unparsed.length > 0) {
+        final_args = final_args.
+          concat(['--']).
+          concat(result.unparsed);
+      }
+      compile.run_gyp(['configure'].concat(final_args), result.opts, (err4) => {
+        if (!err4 && result.opts.napi_build_version) {
+          napi.swap_build_dir_out(result.opts.napi_build_version);
+        }
+        return callback(err4);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/info.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/info.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba22f3271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/info.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = info;
+
+exports.usage = 'Lists all published binaries (requires aws-sdk)';
+
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const s3_setup = require('./util/s3_setup.js');
+
+function info(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts);
+  const config = {};
+  s3_setup.detect(opts, config);
+  const s3 = s3_setup.get_s3(config);
+  const s3_opts = {
+    Bucket: config.bucket,
+    Prefix: config.prefix
+  };
+  s3.listObjects(s3_opts, (err, meta) => {
+    if (err && err.code === 'NotFound') {
+      return callback(new Error('[' + package_json.name + '] Not found: https://' + s3_opts.Bucket + '.s3.amazonaws.com/' + config.prefix));
+    } else if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    } else {
+      log.verbose(JSON.stringify(meta, null, 1));
+      if (meta && meta.Contents) {
+        meta.Contents.forEach((obj) => {
+          console.log(obj.Key);
+        });
+      } else {
+        console.error('[' + package_json.name + '] No objects found at https://' + s3_opts.Bucket + '.s3.amazonaws.com/' + config.prefix);
+      }
+      return callback();
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/install.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/install.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..617dd8663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/install.js
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = install;
+
+exports.usage = 'Attempts to install pre-built binary for module';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const existsAsync = fs.exists || path.exists;
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const makeDir = require('make-dir');
+// for fetching binaries
+const fetch = require('node-fetch');
+const tar = require('tar');
+
+let npgVersion = 'unknown';
+try {
+  // Read own package.json to get the current node-pre-pyp version.
+  const ownPackageJSON = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'package.json'), 'utf8');
+  npgVersion = JSON.parse(ownPackageJSON).version;
+} catch (e) {
+  // do nothing
+}
+
+function place_binary(uri, targetDir, opts, callback) {
+  log.http('GET', uri);
+
+  // Try getting version info from the currently running npm.
+  const envVersionInfo = process.env.npm_config_user_agent ||
+        'node ' + process.version;
+
+  const sanitized = uri.replace('+', '%2B');
+  const requestOpts = {
+    uri: sanitized,
+    headers: {
+      'User-Agent': 'node-pre-gyp (v' + npgVersion + ', ' + envVersionInfo + ')'
+    },
+    follow_max: 10
+  };
+
+  if (opts.cafile) {
+    try {
+      requestOpts.ca = fs.readFileSync(opts.cafile);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return callback(e);
+    }
+  } else if (opts.ca) {
+    requestOpts.ca = opts.ca;
+  }
+
+  const proxyUrl = opts.proxy ||
+                    process.env.http_proxy ||
+                    process.env.HTTP_PROXY ||
+                    process.env.npm_config_proxy;
+  let agent;
+  if (proxyUrl) {
+    const ProxyAgent = require('https-proxy-agent');
+    agent = new ProxyAgent(proxyUrl);
+    log.http('download', 'proxy agent configured using: "%s"', proxyUrl);
+  }
+
+  fetch(sanitized, { agent })
+    .then((res) => {
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`response status ${res.status} ${res.statusText} on ${sanitized}`);
+      }
+      const dataStream = res.body;
+
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        let extractions = 0;
+        const countExtractions = (entry) => {
+          extractions += 1;
+          log.info('install', 'unpacking %s', entry.path);
+        };
+
+        dataStream.pipe(extract(targetDir, countExtractions))
+          .on('error', (e) => {
+            reject(e);
+          });
+        dataStream.on('end', () => {
+          resolve(`extracted file count: ${extractions}`);
+        });
+        dataStream.on('error', (e) => {
+          reject(e);
+        });
+      });
+    })
+    .then((text) => {
+      log.info(text);
+      callback();
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+      log.error(`install ${e.message}`);
+      callback(e);
+    });
+}
+
+function extract(to, onentry) {
+  return tar.extract({
+    cwd: to,
+    strip: 1,
+    onentry
+  });
+}
+
+function extract_from_local(from, targetDir, callback) {
+  if (!fs.existsSync(from)) {
+    return callback(new Error('Cannot find file ' + from));
+  }
+  log.info('Found local file to extract from ' + from);
+
+  // extract helpers
+  let extractCount = 0;
+  function countExtractions(entry) {
+    extractCount += 1;
+    log.info('install', 'unpacking ' + entry.path);
+  }
+  function afterExtract(err) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    if (extractCount === 0) {
+      return callback(new Error('There was a fatal problem while extracting the tarball'));
+    }
+    log.info('tarball', 'done parsing tarball');
+    callback();
+  }
+
+  fs.createReadStream(from).pipe(extract(targetDir, countExtractions))
+    .on('close', afterExtract)
+    .on('error', afterExtract);
+}
+
+function do_build(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const args = ['rebuild'].concat(argv);
+  gyp.todo.push({ name: 'build', args: args });
+  process.nextTick(callback);
+}
+
+function print_fallback_error(err, opts, package_json) {
+  const fallback_message = ' (falling back to source compile with node-gyp)';
+  let full_message = '';
+  if (err.statusCode !== undefined) {
+    // If we got a network response it but failed to download
+    // it means remote binaries are not available, so let's try to help
+    // the user/developer with the info to debug why
+    full_message = 'Pre-built binaries not found for ' + package_json.name + '@' + package_json.version;
+    full_message += ' and ' + opts.runtime + '@' + (opts.target || process.versions.node) + ' (' + opts.node_abi + ' ABI, ' + opts.libc + ')';
+    full_message += fallback_message;
+    log.warn('Tried to download(' + err.statusCode + '): ' + opts.hosted_tarball);
+    log.warn(full_message);
+    log.http(err.message);
+  } else {
+    // If we do not have a statusCode that means an unexpected error
+    // happened and prevented an http response, so we output the exact error
+    full_message = 'Pre-built binaries not installable for ' + package_json.name + '@' + package_json.version;
+    full_message += ' and ' + opts.runtime + '@' + (opts.target || process.versions.node) + ' (' + opts.node_abi + ' ABI, ' + opts.libc + ')';
+    full_message += fallback_message;
+    log.warn(full_message);
+    log.warn('Hit error ' + err.message);
+  }
+}
+
+//
+// install
+//
+function install(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const source_build = gyp.opts['build-from-source'] || gyp.opts.build_from_source;
+  const update_binary = gyp.opts['update-binary'] || gyp.opts.update_binary;
+  const should_do_source_build = source_build === package_json.name || (source_build === true || source_build === 'true');
+  if (should_do_source_build) {
+    log.info('build', 'requesting source compile');
+    return do_build(gyp, argv, callback);
+  } else {
+    const fallback_to_build = gyp.opts['fallback-to-build'] || gyp.opts.fallback_to_build;
+    let should_do_fallback_build = fallback_to_build === package_json.name || (fallback_to_build === true || fallback_to_build === 'true');
+    // but allow override from npm
+    if (process.env.npm_config_argv) {
+      const cooked = JSON.parse(process.env.npm_config_argv).cooked;
+      const match = cooked.indexOf('--fallback-to-build');
+      if (match > -1 && cooked.length > match && cooked[match + 1] === 'false') {
+        should_do_fallback_build = false;
+        log.info('install', 'Build fallback disabled via npm flag: --fallback-to-build=false');
+      }
+    }
+    let opts;
+    try {
+      opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    opts.ca = gyp.opts.ca;
+    opts.cafile = gyp.opts.cafile;
+
+    const from = opts.hosted_tarball;
+    const to = opts.module_path;
+    const binary_module = path.join(to, opts.module_name + '.node');
+    existsAsync(binary_module, (found) => {
+      if (!update_binary) {
+        if (found) {
+          console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] Success: "' + binary_module + '" already installed');
+          console.log('Pass --update-binary to reinstall or --build-from-source to recompile');
+          return callback();
+        }
+        log.info('check', 'checked for "' + binary_module + '" (not found)');
+      }
+
+      makeDir(to).then(() => {
+        const fileName = from.startsWith('file://') && from.slice('file://'.length);
+        if (fileName) {
+          extract_from_local(fileName, to, after_place);
+        } else {
+          place_binary(from, to, opts, after_place);
+        }
+      }).catch((err) => {
+        after_place(err);
+      });
+
+      function after_place(err) {
+        if (err && should_do_fallback_build) {
+          print_fallback_error(err, opts, package_json);
+          return do_build(gyp, argv, callback);
+        } else if (err) {
+          return callback(err);
+        } else {
+          console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] Success: "' + binary_module + '" is installed via remote');
+          return callback();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/main.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bae32acb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Set the title.
+ */
+
+process.title = 'node-pre-gyp';
+
+const node_pre_gyp = require('../');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+
+/**
+ * Process and execute the selected commands.
+ */
+
+const prog = new node_pre_gyp.Run({ argv: process.argv });
+let completed = false;
+
+if (prog.todo.length === 0) {
+  if (~process.argv.indexOf('-v') || ~process.argv.indexOf('--version')) {
+    console.log('v%s', prog.version);
+    process.exit(0);
+  } else if (~process.argv.indexOf('-h') || ~process.argv.indexOf('--help')) {
+    console.log('%s', prog.usage());
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+  console.log('%s', prog.usage());
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+// if --no-color is passed
+if (prog.opts && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(prog, 'color') && !prog.opts.color) {
+  log.disableColor();
+}
+
+log.info('it worked if it ends with', 'ok');
+log.verbose('cli', process.argv);
+log.info('using', process.title + '@%s', prog.version);
+log.info('using', 'node@%s | %s | %s', process.versions.node, process.platform, process.arch);
+
+
+/**
+ * Change dir if -C/--directory was passed.
+ */
+
+const dir = prog.opts.directory;
+if (dir) {
+  const fs = require('fs');
+  try {
+    const stat = fs.statSync(dir);
+    if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+      log.info('chdir', dir);
+      process.chdir(dir);
+    } else {
+      log.warn('chdir', dir + ' is not a directory');
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      log.warn('chdir', dir + ' is not a directory');
+    } else {
+      log.warn('chdir', 'error during chdir() "%s"', e.message);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function run() {
+  const command = prog.todo.shift();
+  if (!command) {
+    // done!
+    completed = true;
+    log.info('ok');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // set binary.host when appropriate. host determines the s3 target bucket.
+  const target = prog.setBinaryHostProperty(command.name);
+  if (target && ['install', 'publish', 'unpublish', 'info'].indexOf(command.name) >= 0) {
+    log.info('using binary.host: ' + prog.package_json.binary.host);
+  }
+
+  prog.commands[command.name](command.args, function(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      log.error(command.name + ' error');
+      log.error('stack', err.stack);
+      errorMessage();
+      log.error('not ok');
+      console.log(err.message);
+      return process.exit(1);
+    }
+    const args_array = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    if (args_array.length) {
+      console.log.apply(console, args_array);
+    }
+    // now run the next command in the queue
+    process.nextTick(run);
+  });
+}
+
+process.on('exit', (code) => {
+  if (!completed && !code) {
+    log.error('Completion callback never invoked!');
+    errorMessage();
+    process.exit(6);
+  }
+});
+
+process.on('uncaughtException', (err) => {
+  log.error('UNCAUGHT EXCEPTION');
+  log.error('stack', err.stack);
+  errorMessage();
+  process.exit(7);
+});
+
+function errorMessage() {
+  // copied from npm's lib/util/error-handler.js
+  const os = require('os');
+  log.error('System', os.type() + ' ' + os.release());
+  log.error('command', process.argv.map(JSON.stringify).join(' '));
+  log.error('cwd', process.cwd());
+  log.error('node -v', process.version);
+  log.error(process.title + ' -v', 'v' + prog.package.version);
+}
+
+// start running the given commands!
+run();
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/node-pre-gyp.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/node-pre-gyp.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e7d89ead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/node-pre-gyp.js
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports;
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+// load mocking control function for accessing s3 via https. the function is a noop always returning
+// false if not mocking.
+exports.mockS3Http = require('./util/s3_setup').get_mockS3Http();
+exports.mockS3Http('on');
+const mocking = exports.mockS3Http('get');
+
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const nopt = require('nopt');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+log.disableProgress();
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+
+const EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const inherits = require('util').inherits;
+const cli_commands = [
+  'clean',
+  'install',
+  'reinstall',
+  'build',
+  'rebuild',
+  'package',
+  'testpackage',
+  'publish',
+  'unpublish',
+  'info',
+  'testbinary',
+  'reveal',
+  'configure'
+];
+const aliases = {};
+
+// differentiate node-pre-gyp's logs from npm's
+log.heading = 'node-pre-gyp';
+
+if (mocking) {
+  log.warn(`mocking s3 to ${process.env.node_pre_gyp_mock_s3}`);
+}
+
+// this is a getter to avoid circular reference warnings with node v14.
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'find', {
+  get: function() {
+    return require('./pre-binding').find;
+  },
+  enumerable: true
+});
+
+// in the following, "my_module" is using node-pre-gyp to
+// prebuild and install pre-built binaries. "main_module"
+// is using "my_module".
+//
+// "bin/node-pre-gyp" invokes Run() without a path. the
+// expectation is that the working directory is the package
+// root "my_module". this is true because in all cases npm is
+// executing a script in the context of "my_module".
+//
+// "pre-binding.find()" is executed by "my_module" but in the
+// context of "main_module". this is because "main_module" is
+// executing and requires "my_module" which is then executing
+// "pre-binding.find()" via "node-pre-gyp.find()", so the working
+// directory is that of "main_module".
+//
+// that's why "find()" must pass the path to package.json.
+//
+function Run({ package_json_path = './package.json', argv }) {
+  this.package_json_path = package_json_path;
+  this.commands = {};
+
+  const self = this;
+  cli_commands.forEach((command) => {
+    self.commands[command] = function(argvx, callback) {
+      log.verbose('command', command, argvx);
+      return require('./' + command)(self, argvx, callback);
+    };
+  });
+
+  this.parseArgv(argv);
+
+  // this is set to true after the binary.host property was set to
+  // either staging_host or production_host.
+  this.binaryHostSet = false;
+}
+inherits(Run, EE);
+exports.Run = Run;
+const proto = Run.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Export the contents of the package.json.
+ */
+
+proto.package = require('../package.json');
+
+/**
+ * nopt configuration definitions
+ */
+
+proto.configDefs = {
+  help: Boolean,     // everywhere
+  arch: String,      // 'configure'
+  debug: Boolean,    // 'build'
+  directory: String, // bin
+  proxy: String,     // 'install'
+  loglevel: String  // everywhere
+};
+
+/**
+ * nopt shorthands
+ */
+
+proto.shorthands = {
+  release: '--no-debug',
+  C: '--directory',
+  debug: '--debug',
+  j: '--jobs',
+  silent: '--loglevel=silent',
+  silly: '--loglevel=silly',
+  verbose: '--loglevel=verbose'
+};
+
+/**
+ * expose the command aliases for the bin file to use.
+ */
+
+proto.aliases = aliases;
+
+/**
+ * Parses the given argv array and sets the 'opts', 'argv',
+ * 'command', and 'package_json' properties.
+ */
+
+proto.parseArgv = function parseOpts(argv) {
+  this.opts = nopt(this.configDefs, this.shorthands, argv);
+  this.argv = this.opts.argv.remain.slice();
+  const commands = this.todo = [];
+
+  // create a copy of the argv array with aliases mapped
+  argv = this.argv.map((arg) => {
+    // is this an alias?
+    if (arg in this.aliases) {
+      arg = this.aliases[arg];
+    }
+    return arg;
+  });
+
+  // process the mapped args into "command" objects ("name" and "args" props)
+  argv.slice().forEach((arg) => {
+    if (arg in this.commands) {
+      const args = argv.splice(0, argv.indexOf(arg));
+      argv.shift();
+      if (commands.length > 0) {
+        commands[commands.length - 1].args = args;
+      }
+      commands.push({ name: arg, args: [] });
+    }
+  });
+  if (commands.length > 0) {
+    commands[commands.length - 1].args = argv.splice(0);
+  }
+
+
+  // if a directory was specified package.json is assumed to be relative
+  // to it.
+  let package_json_path = this.package_json_path;
+  if (this.opts.directory) {
+    package_json_path = path.join(this.opts.directory, package_json_path);
+  }
+
+  this.package_json = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(package_json_path));
+
+  // expand commands entries for multiple napi builds
+  this.todo = napi.expand_commands(this.package_json, this.opts, commands);
+
+  // support for inheriting config env variables from npm
+  const npm_config_prefix = 'npm_config_';
+  Object.keys(process.env).forEach((name) => {
+    if (name.indexOf(npm_config_prefix) !== 0) return;
+    const val = process.env[name];
+    if (name === npm_config_prefix + 'loglevel') {
+      log.level = val;
+    } else {
+      // add the user-defined options to the config
+      name = name.substring(npm_config_prefix.length);
+      // avoid npm argv clobber already present args
+      // which avoids problem of 'npm test' calling
+      // script that runs unique npm install commands
+      if (name === 'argv') {
+        if (this.opts.argv &&
+             this.opts.argv.remain &&
+             this.opts.argv.remain.length) {
+          // do nothing
+        } else {
+          this.opts[name] = val;
+        }
+      } else {
+        this.opts[name] = val;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  if (this.opts.loglevel) {
+    log.level = this.opts.loglevel;
+  }
+  log.resume();
+};
+
+/**
+ * allow the binary.host property to be set at execution time.
+ *
+ * for this to take effect requires all the following to be true.
+ * - binary is a property in package.json
+ * - binary.host is falsey
+ * - binary.staging_host is not empty
+ * - binary.production_host is not empty
+ *
+ * if any of the previous checks fail then the function returns an empty string
+ * and makes no changes to package.json's binary property.
+ *
+ *
+ * if command is "publish" then the default is set to "binary.staging_host"
+ * if command is not "publish" the the default is set to "binary.production_host"
+ *
+ * if the command-line option '--s3_host' is set to "staging" or "production" then
+ * "binary.host" is set to the specified "staging_host" or "production_host". if
+ * '--s3_host' is any other value an exception is thrown.
+ *
+ * if '--s3_host' is not present then "binary.host" is set to the default as above.
+ *
+ * this strategy was chosen so that any command other than "publish" uses "production"
+ * as the default without requiring any command-line options but that "publish" requires
+ * '--s3_host production_host' to be specified in order to *really* publish. publishing
+ * to staging can be done freely without worrying about disturbing any production releases.
+ */
+proto.setBinaryHostProperty = function(command) {
+  if (this.binaryHostSet) {
+    return this.package_json.binary.host;
+  }
+  const p = this.package_json;
+  // don't set anything if host is present. it must be left blank to trigger this.
+  if (!p || !p.binary || p.binary.host) {
+    return '';
+  }
+  // and both staging and production must be present. errors will be reported later.
+  if (!p.binary.staging_host || !p.binary.production_host) {
+    return '';
+  }
+  let target = 'production_host';
+  if (command === 'publish') {
+    target = 'staging_host';
+  }
+  // the environment variable has priority over the default or the command line. if
+  // either the env var or the command line option are invalid throw an error.
+  const npg_s3_host = process.env.node_pre_gyp_s3_host;
+  if (npg_s3_host === 'staging' || npg_s3_host === 'production') {
+    target = `${npg_s3_host}_host`;
+  } else if (this.opts['s3_host'] === 'staging' || this.opts['s3_host'] === 'production') {
+    target = `${this.opts['s3_host']}_host`;
+  } else if (this.opts['s3_host'] || npg_s3_host) {
+    throw new Error(`invalid s3_host ${this.opts['s3_host'] || npg_s3_host}`);
+  }
+
+  p.binary.host = p.binary[target];
+  this.binaryHostSet = true;
+
+  return p.binary.host;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the usage instructions for node-pre-gyp.
+ */
+
+proto.usage = function usage() {
+  const str = [
+    '',
+    '  Usage: node-pre-gyp <command> [options]',
+    '',
+    '  where <command> is one of:',
+    cli_commands.map((c) => {
+      return '    - ' + c + ' - ' + require('./' + c).usage;
+    }).join('\n'),
+    '',
+    'node-pre-gyp@' + this.version + '  ' + path.resolve(__dirname, '..'),
+    'node@' + process.versions.node
+  ].join('\n');
+  return str;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Version number getter.
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(proto, 'version', {
+  get: function() {
+    return this.package.version;
+  },
+  enumerable: true
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/package.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/package.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..073498469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/package.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = _package;
+
+exports.usage = 'Packs binary (and enclosing directory) into locally staged tarball';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const existsAsync = fs.exists || path.exists;
+const makeDir = require('make-dir');
+const tar = require('tar');
+
+function readdirSync(dir) {
+  let list = [];
+  const files = fs.readdirSync(dir);
+
+  files.forEach((file) => {
+    const stats = fs.lstatSync(path.join(dir, file));
+    if (stats.isDirectory()) {
+      list = list.concat(readdirSync(path.join(dir, file)));
+    } else {
+      list.push(path.join(dir, file));
+    }
+  });
+  return list;
+}
+
+function _package(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  const from = opts.module_path;
+  const binary_module = path.join(from, opts.module_name + '.node');
+  existsAsync(binary_module, (found) => {
+    if (!found) {
+      return callback(new Error('Cannot package because ' + binary_module + ' missing: run `node-pre-gyp rebuild` first'));
+    }
+    const tarball = opts.staged_tarball;
+    const filter_func = function(entry) {
+      const basename = path.basename(entry);
+      if (basename.length && basename[0] !== '.') {
+        console.log('packing ' + entry);
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        console.log('skipping ' + entry);
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+    makeDir(path.dirname(tarball)).then(() => {
+      let files = readdirSync(from);
+      const base = path.basename(from);
+      files = files.map((file) => {
+        return path.join(base, path.relative(from, file));
+      });
+      tar.create({
+        portable: false,
+        gzip: true,
+        filter: filter_func,
+        file: tarball,
+        cwd: path.dirname(from)
+      }, files, (err2) => {
+        if (err2)  console.error('[' + package_json.name + '] ' + err2.message);
+        else log.info('package', 'Binary staged at "' + tarball + '"');
+        return callback(err2);
+      });
+    }).catch((err) => {
+      return callback(err);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/pre-binding.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/pre-binding.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e110fe381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/pre-binding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const npg = require('..');
+const versioning = require('../lib/util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('../lib/util/napi.js');
+const existsSync = require('fs').existsSync || require('path').existsSync;
+const path = require('path');
+
+module.exports = exports;
+
+exports.usage = 'Finds the require path for the node-pre-gyp installed module';
+
+exports.validate = function(package_json, opts) {
+  versioning.validate_config(package_json, opts);
+};
+
+exports.find = function(package_json_path, opts) {
+  if (!existsSync(package_json_path)) {
+    throw new Error(package_json_path + 'does not exist');
+  }
+  const prog = new npg.Run({ package_json_path, argv: process.argv });
+  prog.setBinaryHostProperty();
+  const package_json = prog.package_json;
+
+  versioning.validate_config(package_json, opts);
+  let napi_build_version;
+  if (napi.get_napi_build_versions(package_json, opts)) {
+    napi_build_version = napi.get_best_napi_build_version(package_json, opts);
+  }
+  opts = opts || {};
+  if (!opts.module_root) opts.module_root = path.dirname(package_json_path);
+  const meta = versioning.evaluate(package_json, opts, napi_build_version);
+  return meta.module;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/publish.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/publish.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8367b1504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/publish.js
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = publish;
+
+exports.usage = 'Publishes pre-built binary (requires aws-sdk)';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const s3_setup = require('./util/s3_setup.js');
+const existsAsync = fs.exists || path.exists;
+const url = require('url');
+
+function publish(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  const tarball = opts.staged_tarball;
+  existsAsync(tarball, (found) => {
+    if (!found) {
+      return callback(new Error('Cannot publish because ' + tarball + ' missing: run `node-pre-gyp package` first'));
+    }
+
+    log.info('publish', 'Detecting s3 credentials');
+    const config = {};
+    s3_setup.detect(opts, config);
+    const s3 = s3_setup.get_s3(config);
+
+    const key_name = url.resolve(config.prefix, opts.package_name);
+    const s3_opts = {
+      Bucket: config.bucket,
+      Key: key_name
+    };
+    log.info('publish', 'Authenticating with s3');
+    log.info('publish', config);
+
+    log.info('publish', 'Checking for existing binary at ' + opts.hosted_path);
+    s3.headObject(s3_opts, (err, meta) => {
+      if (meta) log.info('publish', JSON.stringify(meta));
+      if (err && err.code === 'NotFound') {
+        // we are safe to publish because
+        // the object does not already exist
+        log.info('publish', 'Preparing to put object');
+        const s3_put_opts = {
+          ACL: 'public-read',
+          Body: fs.createReadStream(tarball),
+          Key: key_name,
+          Bucket: config.bucket
+        };
+        log.info('publish', 'Putting object', s3_put_opts.ACL, s3_put_opts.Bucket, s3_put_opts.Key);
+        try {
+          s3.putObject(s3_put_opts, (err2, resp) => {
+            log.info('publish', 'returned from putting object');
+            if (err2) {
+              log.info('publish', 's3 putObject error: "' + err2 + '"');
+              return callback(err2);
+            }
+            if (resp) log.info('publish', 's3 putObject response: "' + JSON.stringify(resp) + '"');
+            log.info('publish', 'successfully put object');
+            console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] published to ' + opts.hosted_path);
+            return callback();
+          });
+        } catch (err3) {
+          log.info('publish', 's3 putObject error: "' + err3 + '"');
+          return callback(err3);
+        }
+      } else if (err) {
+        log.info('publish', 's3 headObject error: "' + err + '"');
+        return callback(err);
+      } else {
+        log.error('publish', 'Cannot publish over existing version');
+        log.error('publish', "Update the 'version' field in package.json and try again");
+        log.error('publish', 'If the previous version was published in error see:');
+        log.error('publish', '\t node-pre-gyp unpublish');
+        return callback(new Error('Failed publishing to ' + opts.hosted_path));
+      }
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/rebuild.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/rebuild.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31510fbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/rebuild.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = rebuild;
+
+exports.usage = 'Runs "clean" and "build" at once';
+
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+
+function rebuild(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  let commands = [
+    { name: 'clean', args: [] },
+    { name: 'build', args: ['rebuild'] }
+  ];
+  commands = napi.expand_commands(package_json, gyp.opts, commands);
+  for (let i = commands.length; i !== 0; i--) {
+    gyp.todo.unshift(commands[i - 1]);
+  }
+  process.nextTick(callback);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/reinstall.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/reinstall.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a29b5c9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/reinstall.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = rebuild;
+
+exports.usage = 'Runs "clean" and "install" at once';
+
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+
+function rebuild(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  let installArgs = [];
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_best_napi_build_version(package_json, gyp.opts);
+  if (napi_build_version != null) installArgs = [napi.get_command_arg(napi_build_version)];
+  gyp.todo.unshift(
+    { name: 'clean', args: [] },
+    { name: 'install', args: installArgs }
+  );
+  process.nextTick(callback);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/reveal.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/reveal.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7255e5f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/reveal.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = reveal;
+
+exports.usage = 'Reveals data on the versioned binary';
+
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+
+function unix_paths(key, val) {
+  return val && val.replace ? val.replace(/\\/g, '/') : val;
+}
+
+function reveal(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  let hit = false;
+  // if a second arg is passed look to see
+  // if it is a known option
+  // console.log(JSON.stringify(gyp.opts,null,1))
+  const remain = gyp.opts.argv.remain[gyp.opts.argv.remain.length - 1];
+  if (remain && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(opts, remain)) {
+    console.log(opts[remain].replace(/\\/g, '/'));
+    hit = true;
+  }
+  // otherwise return all options as json
+  if (!hit) {
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(opts, unix_paths, 2));
+  }
+  return callback();
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/testbinary.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/testbinary.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..429cb1301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/testbinary.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = testbinary;
+
+exports.usage = 'Tests that the binary.node can be required';
+
+const path = require('path');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const cp = require('child_process');
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+
+function testbinary(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const args = [];
+  const options = {};
+  let shell_cmd = process.execPath;
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  // skip validation for runtimes we don't explicitly support (like electron)
+  if (opts.runtime &&
+        opts.runtime !== 'node-webkit' &&
+        opts.runtime !== 'node') {
+    return callback();
+  }
+  const nw = (opts.runtime && opts.runtime === 'node-webkit');
+  // ensure on windows that / are used for require path
+  const binary_module = opts.module.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+  if ((process.arch !== opts.target_arch) ||
+        (process.platform !== opts.target_platform)) {
+    let msg = 'skipping validation since host platform/arch (';
+    msg += process.platform + '/' + process.arch + ')';
+    msg += ' does not match target (';
+    msg += opts.target_platform + '/' + opts.target_arch + ')';
+    log.info('validate', msg);
+    return callback();
+  }
+  if (nw) {
+    options.timeout = 5000;
+    if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+      shell_cmd = 'node-webkit';
+    } else if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      shell_cmd = 'nw.exe';
+    } else {
+      shell_cmd = 'nw';
+    }
+    const modulePath = path.resolve(binary_module);
+    const appDir = path.join(__dirname, 'util', 'nw-pre-gyp');
+    args.push(appDir);
+    args.push(modulePath);
+    log.info('validate', "Running test command: '" + shell_cmd + ' ' + args.join(' ') + "'");
+    cp.execFile(shell_cmd, args, options, (err, stdout, stderr) => {
+      // check for normal timeout for node-webkit
+      if (err) {
+        if (err.killed === true && err.signal && err.signal.indexOf('SIG') > -1) {
+          return callback();
+        }
+        const stderrLog = stderr.toString();
+        log.info('stderr', stderrLog);
+        if (/^\s*Xlib:\s*extension\s*"RANDR"\s*missing\s*on\s*display\s*":\d+\.\d+"\.\s*$/.test(stderrLog)) {
+          log.info('RANDR', 'stderr contains only RANDR error, ignored');
+          return callback();
+        }
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+      return callback();
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+  args.push('--eval');
+  args.push("require('" + binary_module.replace(/'/g, '\'') + "')");
+  log.info('validate', "Running test command: '" + shell_cmd + ' ' + args.join(' ') + "'");
+  cp.execFile(shell_cmd, args, options, (err, stdout, stderr) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err, { stdout: stdout, stderr: stderr });
+    }
+    return callback();
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/testpackage.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/testpackage.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fab1911b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/testpackage.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = testpackage;
+
+exports.usage = 'Tests that the staged package is valid';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const existsAsync = fs.exists || path.exists;
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const testbinary = require('./testbinary.js');
+const tar = require('tar');
+const makeDir = require('make-dir');
+
+function testpackage(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  const tarball = opts.staged_tarball;
+  existsAsync(tarball, (found) => {
+    if (!found) {
+      return callback(new Error('Cannot test package because ' + tarball + ' missing: run `node-pre-gyp package` first'));
+    }
+    const to = opts.module_path;
+    function filter_func(entry) {
+      log.info('install', 'unpacking [' + entry.path + ']');
+    }
+
+    makeDir(to).then(() => {
+      tar.extract({
+        file: tarball,
+        cwd: to,
+        strip: 1,
+        onentry: filter_func
+      }).then(after_extract, callback);
+    }).catch((err) => {
+      return callback(err);
+    });
+
+    function after_extract() {
+      testbinary(gyp, argv, (err) => {
+        if (err) {
+          return callback(err);
+        } else {
+          console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] Package appears valid');
+          return callback();
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/unpublish.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/unpublish.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12c9f5615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/unpublish.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = unpublish;
+
+exports.usage = 'Unpublishes pre-built binary (requires aws-sdk)';
+
+const log = require('npmlog');
+const versioning = require('./util/versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./util/napi.js');
+const s3_setup = require('./util/s3_setup.js');
+const url = require('url');
+
+function unpublish(gyp, argv, callback) {
+  const package_json = gyp.package_json;
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  const config = {};
+  s3_setup.detect(opts, config);
+  const s3 = s3_setup.get_s3(config);
+  const key_name = url.resolve(config.prefix, opts.package_name);
+  const s3_opts = {
+    Bucket: config.bucket,
+    Key: key_name
+  };
+  s3.headObject(s3_opts, (err, meta) => {
+    if (err && err.code === 'NotFound') {
+      console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] Not found: https://' + s3_opts.Bucket + '.s3.amazonaws.com/' + s3_opts.Key);
+      return callback();
+    } else if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    } else {
+      log.info('unpublish', JSON.stringify(meta));
+      s3.deleteObject(s3_opts, (err2, resp) => {
+        if (err2) return callback(err2);
+        log.info(JSON.stringify(resp));
+        console.log('[' + package_json.name + '] Success: removed https://' + s3_opts.Bucket + '.s3.amazonaws.com/' + s3_opts.Key);
+        return callback();
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/abi_crosswalk.json b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/abi_crosswalk.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33b751027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/abi_crosswalk.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2454 @@
+{
+  "0.1.14": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "1.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.15": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "1.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.16": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "1.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.17": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "1.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.18": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "1.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.19": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.20": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.21": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.22": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.23": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.24": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.25": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.26": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.0"
+  },
+  "0.1.27": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.28": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.29": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.30": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.31": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.32": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.33": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.1"
+  },
+  "0.1.90": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.91": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.92": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.93": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.94": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.95": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.96": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.97": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.98": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.99": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.100": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.2"
+  },
+  "0.1.101": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.102": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.103": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.1.104": {
+    "node_abi": null,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.2.6": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.3"
+  },
+  "0.3.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.5"
+  },
+  "0.3.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "2.5"
+  },
+  "0.3.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.0"
+  },
+  "0.3.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.0"
+  },
+  "0.3.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.0"
+  },
+  "0.3.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.0"
+  },
+  "0.3.6": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.0"
+  },
+  "0.3.7": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.0"
+  },
+  "0.3.8": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.6": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.7": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.8": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.9": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.10": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.11": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.4.12": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.5.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.1"
+  },
+  "0.5.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.4"
+  },
+  "0.5.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.4"
+  },
+  "0.5.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.4"
+  },
+  "0.5.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.5"
+  },
+  "0.5.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.5"
+  },
+  "0.5.6": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.5.7": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.5.8": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.5.9": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.5.10": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.7"
+  },
+  "0.6.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.6": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.7": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.8": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.9": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.10": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.11": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.12": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.13": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.14": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.15": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.16": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.17": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.18": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.19": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.20": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.6.21": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.6"
+  },
+  "0.7.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.8"
+  },
+  "0.7.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.8"
+  },
+  "0.7.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.8"
+  },
+  "0.7.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.6": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.7": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.8": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.9": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.7.10": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.9"
+  },
+  "0.7.11": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.7.12": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.8.0": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.8.1": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.8.2": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.8.3": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.8.4": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
+    "v8": "3.11"
+  },
+  "0.8.5": {
+    "node_abi": 1,
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+    "v8": "7.4"
+  },
+  "12.3.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.4"
+  },
+  "12.3.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.4"
+  },
+  "12.4.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.4"
+  },
+  "12.5.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.5"
+  },
+  "12.6.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.5"
+  },
+  "12.7.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.5"
+  },
+  "12.8.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.5"
+  },
+  "12.8.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.5"
+  },
+  "12.9.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.6"
+  },
+  "12.9.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.6"
+  },
+  "12.10.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.6"
+  },
+  "12.11.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.11.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.12.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.13.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.13.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.14.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.14.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.15.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.7"
+  },
+  "12.16.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.16.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.16.2": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.16.3": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.17.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.18.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.18.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.18.2": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.18.3": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.18.4": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.19.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.19.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.20.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.20.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.20.2": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.21.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.22.0": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "12.22.1": {
+    "node_abi": 72,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "13.0.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "13.0.1": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "13.1.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.8"
+  },
+  "13.2.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.3.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.4.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.5.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.6.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.7.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.8.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.9.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.10.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.10.1": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.11.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.12.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.13.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "13.14.0": {
+    "node_abi": 79,
+    "v8": "7.9"
+  },
+  "14.0.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.1"
+  },
+  "14.1.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.1"
+  },
+  "14.2.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.1"
+  },
+  "14.3.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.1"
+  },
+  "14.4.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.1"
+  },
+  "14.5.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.3"
+  },
+  "14.6.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.7.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.8.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.9.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.10.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.10.1": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.11.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.12.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.13.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.13.1": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.14.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.15.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.15.1": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.15.2": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.15.3": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.15.4": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.15.5": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.16.0": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "14.16.1": {
+    "node_abi": 83,
+    "v8": "8.4"
+  },
+  "15.0.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.0.1": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.1.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.2.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.2.1": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.3.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.4.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.5.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.5.1": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.6.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.7.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.8.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.9.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.10.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.11.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.12.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.13.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "15.14.0": {
+    "node_abi": 88,
+    "v8": "8.6"
+  },
+  "16.0.0": {
+    "node_abi": 93,
+    "v8": "9.0"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..956e5aa61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports;
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const win = process.platform === 'win32';
+const existsSync = fs.existsSync || path.existsSync;
+const cp = require('child_process');
+
+// try to build up the complete path to node-gyp
+/* priority:
+  - node-gyp on ENV:npm_config_node_gyp (https://github.com/npm/npm/pull/4887)
+  - node-gyp on NODE_PATH
+  - node-gyp inside npm on NODE_PATH (ignore on iojs)
+  - node-gyp inside npm beside node exe
+*/
+function which_node_gyp() {
+  let node_gyp_bin;
+  if (process.env.npm_config_node_gyp) {
+    try {
+      node_gyp_bin = process.env.npm_config_node_gyp;
+      if (existsSync(node_gyp_bin)) {
+        return node_gyp_bin;
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      // do nothing
+    }
+  }
+  try {
+    const node_gyp_main = require.resolve('node-gyp'); // eslint-disable-line node/no-missing-require
+    node_gyp_bin = path.join(path.dirname(
+      path.dirname(node_gyp_main)),
+    'bin/node-gyp.js');
+    if (existsSync(node_gyp_bin)) {
+      return node_gyp_bin;
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    // do nothing
+  }
+  if (process.execPath.indexOf('iojs') === -1) {
+    try {
+      const npm_main = require.resolve('npm'); // eslint-disable-line node/no-missing-require
+      node_gyp_bin = path.join(path.dirname(
+        path.dirname(npm_main)),
+      'node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js');
+      if (existsSync(node_gyp_bin)) {
+        return node_gyp_bin;
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      // do nothing
+    }
+  }
+  const npm_base = path.join(path.dirname(
+    path.dirname(process.execPath)),
+  'lib/node_modules/npm/');
+  node_gyp_bin = path.join(npm_base, 'node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js');
+  if (existsSync(node_gyp_bin)) {
+    return node_gyp_bin;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports.run_gyp = function(args, opts, callback) {
+  let shell_cmd = '';
+  const cmd_args = [];
+  if (opts.runtime && opts.runtime === 'node-webkit') {
+    shell_cmd = 'nw-gyp';
+    if (win) shell_cmd += '.cmd';
+  } else {
+    const node_gyp_path = which_node_gyp();
+    if (node_gyp_path) {
+      shell_cmd = process.execPath;
+      cmd_args.push(node_gyp_path);
+    } else {
+      shell_cmd = 'node-gyp';
+      if (win) shell_cmd += '.cmd';
+    }
+  }
+  const final_args = cmd_args.concat(args);
+  const cmd = cp.spawn(shell_cmd, final_args, { cwd: undefined, env: process.env, stdio: [0, 1, 2] });
+  cmd.on('error', (err) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(new Error("Failed to execute '" + shell_cmd + ' ' + final_args.join(' ') + "' (" + err + ')'));
+    }
+    callback(null, opts);
+  });
+  cmd.on('close', (code) => {
+    if (code && code !== 0) {
+      return callback(new Error("Failed to execute '" + shell_cmd + ' ' + final_args.join(' ') + "' (" + code + ')'));
+    }
+    callback(null, opts);
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/handle_gyp_opts.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/handle_gyp_opts.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d702f785e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/handle_gyp_opts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = handle_gyp_opts;
+
+const versioning = require('./versioning.js');
+const napi = require('./napi.js');
+
+/*
+
+Here we gather node-pre-gyp generated options (from versioning) and pass them along to node-gyp.
+
+We massage the args and options slightly to account for differences in what commands mean between
+node-pre-gyp and node-gyp (e.g. see the difference between "build" and "rebuild" below)
+
+Keep in mind: the values inside `argv` and `gyp.opts` below are different depending on whether
+node-pre-gyp is called directory, or if it is called in a `run-script` phase of npm.
+
+We also try to preserve any command line options that might have been passed to npm or node-pre-gyp.
+But this is fairly difficult without passing way to much through. For example `gyp.opts` contains all
+the process.env and npm pushes a lot of variables into process.env which node-pre-gyp inherits. So we have
+to be very selective about what we pass through.
+
+For example:
+
+`npm install --build-from-source` will give:
+
+argv == [ 'rebuild' ]
+gyp.opts.argv == { remain: [ 'install' ],
+  cooked: [ 'install', '--fallback-to-build' ],
+  original: [ 'install', '--fallback-to-build' ] }
+
+`./bin/node-pre-gyp build` will give:
+
+argv == []
+gyp.opts.argv == { remain: [ 'build' ],
+  cooked: [ 'build' ],
+  original: [ '-C', 'test/app1', 'build' ] }
+
+*/
+
+// select set of node-pre-gyp versioning info
+// to share with node-gyp
+const share_with_node_gyp = [
+  'module',
+  'module_name',
+  'module_path',
+  'napi_version',
+  'node_abi_napi',
+  'napi_build_version',
+  'node_napi_label'
+];
+
+function handle_gyp_opts(gyp, argv, callback) {
+
+  // Collect node-pre-gyp specific variables to pass to node-gyp
+  const node_pre_gyp_options = [];
+  // generate custom node-pre-gyp versioning info
+  const napi_build_version = napi.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args(argv);
+  const opts = versioning.evaluate(gyp.package_json, gyp.opts, napi_build_version);
+  share_with_node_gyp.forEach((key) => {
+    const val = opts[key];
+    if (val) {
+      node_pre_gyp_options.push('--' + key + '=' + val);
+    } else if (key === 'napi_build_version') {
+      node_pre_gyp_options.push('--' + key + '=0');
+    } else {
+      if (key !== 'napi_version' && key !== 'node_abi_napi')
+        return callback(new Error('Option ' + key + ' required but not found by node-pre-gyp'));
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Collect options that follow the special -- which disables nopt parsing
+  const unparsed_options = [];
+  let double_hyphen_found = false;
+  gyp.opts.argv.original.forEach((opt) => {
+    if (double_hyphen_found) {
+      unparsed_options.push(opt);
+    }
+    if (opt === '--') {
+      double_hyphen_found = true;
+    }
+  });
+
+  // We try respect and pass through remaining command
+  // line options (like --foo=bar) to node-gyp
+  const cooked = gyp.opts.argv.cooked;
+  const node_gyp_options = [];
+  cooked.forEach((value) => {
+    if (value.length > 2 && value.slice(0, 2) === '--') {
+      const key = value.slice(2);
+      const val = cooked[cooked.indexOf(value) + 1];
+      if (val && val.indexOf('--') === -1) { // handle '--foo=bar' or ['--foo','bar']
+        node_gyp_options.push('--' + key + '=' + val);
+      } else { // pass through --foo
+        node_gyp_options.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  const result = { 'opts': opts, 'gyp': node_gyp_options, 'pre': node_pre_gyp_options, 'unparsed': unparsed_options };
+  return callback(null, result);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/napi.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/napi.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d14ad6d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/napi.js
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+
+module.exports = exports;
+
+const versionArray = process.version
+  .substr(1)
+  .replace(/-.*$/, '')
+  .split('.')
+  .map((item) => {
+    return +item;
+  });
+
+const napi_multiple_commands = [
+  'build',
+  'clean',
+  'configure',
+  'package',
+  'publish',
+  'reveal',
+  'testbinary',
+  'testpackage',
+  'unpublish'
+];
+
+const napi_build_version_tag = 'napi_build_version=';
+
+module.exports.get_napi_version = function() {
+  // returns the non-zero numeric napi version or undefined if napi is not supported.
+  // correctly supporting target requires an updated cross-walk
+  let version = process.versions.napi; // can be undefined
+  if (!version) { // this code should never need to be updated
+    if (versionArray[0] === 9 && versionArray[1] >= 3) version = 2; // 9.3.0+
+    else if (versionArray[0] === 8) version = 1; // 8.0.0+
+  }
+  return version;
+};
+
+module.exports.get_napi_version_as_string = function(target) {
+  // returns the napi version as a string or an empty string if napi is not supported.
+  const version = module.exports.get_napi_version(target);
+  return version ? '' + version : '';
+};
+
+module.exports.validate_package_json = function(package_json, opts) { // throws Error
+
+  const binary = package_json.binary;
+  const module_path_ok = pathOK(binary.module_path);
+  const remote_path_ok = pathOK(binary.remote_path);
+  const package_name_ok = pathOK(binary.package_name);
+  const napi_build_versions = module.exports.get_napi_build_versions(package_json, opts, true);
+  const napi_build_versions_raw = module.exports.get_napi_build_versions_raw(package_json);
+
+  if (napi_build_versions) {
+    napi_build_versions.forEach((napi_build_version)=> {
+      if (!(parseInt(napi_build_version, 10) === napi_build_version && napi_build_version > 0)) {
+        throw new Error('All values specified in napi_versions must be positive integers.');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (napi_build_versions && (!module_path_ok || (!remote_path_ok && !package_name_ok))) {
+    throw new Error('When napi_versions is specified; module_path and either remote_path or ' +
+			"package_name must contain the substitution string '{napi_build_version}`.");
+  }
+
+  if ((module_path_ok || remote_path_ok || package_name_ok) && !napi_build_versions_raw) {
+    throw new Error("When the substitution string '{napi_build_version}` is specified in " +
+			'module_path, remote_path, or package_name; napi_versions must also be specified.');
+  }
+
+  if (napi_build_versions && !module.exports.get_best_napi_build_version(package_json, opts) &&
+	module.exports.build_napi_only(package_json)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'The Node-API version of this Node instance is ' + module.exports.get_napi_version(opts ? opts.target : undefined) + '. ' +
+			'This module supports Node-API version(s) ' + module.exports.get_napi_build_versions_raw(package_json) + '. ' +
+			'This Node instance cannot run this module.');
+  }
+
+  if (napi_build_versions_raw && !napi_build_versions && module.exports.build_napi_only(package_json)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'The Node-API version of this Node instance is ' + module.exports.get_napi_version(opts ? opts.target : undefined) + '. ' +
+			'This module supports Node-API version(s) ' + module.exports.get_napi_build_versions_raw(package_json) + '. ' +
+			'This Node instance cannot run this module.');
+  }
+
+};
+
+function pathOK(path) {
+  return path && (path.indexOf('{napi_build_version}') !== -1 || path.indexOf('{node_napi_label}') !== -1);
+}
+
+module.exports.expand_commands = function(package_json, opts, commands) {
+  const expanded_commands = [];
+  const napi_build_versions = module.exports.get_napi_build_versions(package_json, opts);
+  commands.forEach((command)=> {
+    if (napi_build_versions && command.name === 'install') {
+      const napi_build_version = module.exports.get_best_napi_build_version(package_json, opts);
+      const args = napi_build_version ? [napi_build_version_tag + napi_build_version] : [];
+      expanded_commands.push({ name: command.name, args: args });
+    } else if (napi_build_versions && napi_multiple_commands.indexOf(command.name) !== -1) {
+      napi_build_versions.forEach((napi_build_version)=> {
+        const args = command.args.slice();
+        args.push(napi_build_version_tag + napi_build_version);
+        expanded_commands.push({ name: command.name, args: args });
+      });
+    } else {
+      expanded_commands.push(command);
+    }
+  });
+  return expanded_commands;
+};
+
+module.exports.get_napi_build_versions = function(package_json, opts, warnings) { // opts may be undefined
+  const log = require('npmlog');
+  let napi_build_versions = [];
+  const supported_napi_version = module.exports.get_napi_version(opts ? opts.target : undefined);
+  // remove duplicates, verify each napi version can actaully be built
+  if (package_json.binary && package_json.binary.napi_versions) {
+    package_json.binary.napi_versions.forEach((napi_version) => {
+      const duplicated = napi_build_versions.indexOf(napi_version) !== -1;
+      if (!duplicated && supported_napi_version && napi_version <= supported_napi_version) {
+        napi_build_versions.push(napi_version);
+      } else if (warnings && !duplicated && supported_napi_version) {
+        log.info('This Node instance does not support builds for Node-API version', napi_version);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  if (opts && opts['build-latest-napi-version-only']) {
+    let latest_version = 0;
+    napi_build_versions.forEach((napi_version) => {
+      if (napi_version > latest_version) latest_version = napi_version;
+    });
+    napi_build_versions = latest_version ? [latest_version] : [];
+  }
+  return napi_build_versions.length ? napi_build_versions : undefined;
+};
+
+module.exports.get_napi_build_versions_raw = function(package_json) {
+  const napi_build_versions = [];
+  // remove duplicates
+  if (package_json.binary && package_json.binary.napi_versions) {
+    package_json.binary.napi_versions.forEach((napi_version) => {
+      if (napi_build_versions.indexOf(napi_version) === -1) {
+        napi_build_versions.push(napi_version);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  return napi_build_versions.length ? napi_build_versions : undefined;
+};
+
+module.exports.get_command_arg = function(napi_build_version) {
+  return napi_build_version_tag + napi_build_version;
+};
+
+module.exports.get_napi_build_version_from_command_args = function(command_args) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < command_args.length; i++) {
+    const arg = command_args[i];
+    if (arg.indexOf(napi_build_version_tag) === 0) {
+      return parseInt(arg.substr(napi_build_version_tag.length), 10);
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+module.exports.swap_build_dir_out = function(napi_build_version) {
+  if (napi_build_version) {
+    const rm = require('rimraf');
+    rm.sync(module.exports.get_build_dir(napi_build_version));
+    fs.renameSync('build', module.exports.get_build_dir(napi_build_version));
+  }
+};
+
+module.exports.swap_build_dir_in = function(napi_build_version) {
+  if (napi_build_version) {
+    const rm = require('rimraf');
+    rm.sync('build');
+    fs.renameSync(module.exports.get_build_dir(napi_build_version), 'build');
+  }
+};
+
+module.exports.get_build_dir = function(napi_build_version) {
+  return 'build-tmp-napi-v' + napi_build_version;
+};
+
+module.exports.get_best_napi_build_version = function(package_json, opts) {
+  let best_napi_build_version = 0;
+  const napi_build_versions = module.exports.get_napi_build_versions(package_json, opts);
+  if (napi_build_versions) {
+    const our_napi_version = module.exports.get_napi_version(opts ? opts.target : undefined);
+    napi_build_versions.forEach((napi_build_version)=> {
+      if (napi_build_version > best_napi_build_version &&
+				napi_build_version <= our_napi_version) {
+        best_napi_build_version = napi_build_version;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  return best_napi_build_version === 0 ? undefined : best_napi_build_version;
+};
+
+module.exports.build_napi_only = function(package_json) {
+  return package_json.binary && package_json.binary.package_name &&
+	package_json.binary.package_name.indexOf('{node_napi_label}') === -1;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/nw-pre-gyp/index.html b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/nw-pre-gyp/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..244466c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/nw-pre-gyp/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Node-webkit-based module test</title>
+<script>
+function nwModuleTest(){
+   var util = require('util');
+   var moduleFolder = require('nw.gui').App.argv[0];
+   try {
+      require(moduleFolder);
+   } catch(e) {
+      if( process.platform !== 'win32' ){
+         util.log('nw-pre-gyp error:');
+         util.log(e.stack);
+      }
+      process.exit(1);
+   }
+   process.exit(0);
+}
+</script>
+</head>
+<body onload="nwModuleTest()">
+<h1>Node-webkit-based module test</h1>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/nw-pre-gyp/package.json b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/nw-pre-gyp/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71d03f822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/nw-pre-gyp/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+"main": "index.html",
+"name": "nw-pre-gyp-module-test",
+"description": "Node-webkit-based module test.",
+"version": "0.0.1",
+"window": {
+   "show": false
+}
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/s3_setup.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/s3_setup.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b1b1a6c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/s3_setup.js
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports;
+
+const url = require('url');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+module.exports.detect = function(opts, config) {
+  const to = opts.hosted_path;
+  const uri = url.parse(to);
+  config.prefix = (!uri.pathname || uri.pathname === '/') ? '' : uri.pathname.replace('/', '');
+  if (opts.bucket && opts.region) {
+    config.bucket = opts.bucket;
+    config.region = opts.region;
+    config.endpoint = opts.host;
+    config.s3ForcePathStyle = opts.s3ForcePathStyle;
+  } else {
+    const parts = uri.hostname.split('.s3');
+    const bucket = parts[0];
+    if (!bucket) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!config.bucket) {
+      config.bucket = bucket;
+    }
+    if (!config.region) {
+      const region = parts[1].slice(1).split('.')[0];
+      if (region === 'amazonaws') {
+        config.region = 'us-east-1';
+      } else {
+        config.region = region;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+module.exports.get_s3 = function(config) {
+
+  if (process.env.node_pre_gyp_mock_s3) {
+    // here we're mocking. node_pre_gyp_mock_s3 is the scratch directory
+    // for the mock code.
+    const AWSMock = require('mock-aws-s3');
+    const os = require('os');
+
+    AWSMock.config.basePath = `${os.tmpdir()}/mock`;
+
+    const s3 = AWSMock.S3();
+
+    // wrapped callback maker. fs calls return code of ENOENT but AWS.S3 returns
+    // NotFound.
+    const wcb = (fn) => (err, ...args) => {
+      if (err && err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+        err.code = 'NotFound';
+      }
+      return fn(err, ...args);
+    };
+
+    return {
+      listObjects(params, callback) {
+        return s3.listObjects(params, wcb(callback));
+      },
+      headObject(params, callback) {
+        return s3.headObject(params, wcb(callback));
+      },
+      deleteObject(params, callback) {
+        return s3.deleteObject(params, wcb(callback));
+      },
+      putObject(params, callback) {
+        return s3.putObject(params, wcb(callback));
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // if not mocking then setup real s3.
+  const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
+
+  AWS.config.update(config);
+  const s3 = new AWS.S3();
+
+  // need to change if additional options need to be specified.
+  return {
+    listObjects(params, callback) {
+      return s3.listObjects(params, callback);
+    },
+    headObject(params, callback) {
+      return s3.headObject(params, callback);
+    },
+    deleteObject(params, callback) {
+      return s3.deleteObject(params, callback);
+    },
+    putObject(params, callback) {
+      return s3.putObject(params, callback);
+    }
+  };
+
+
+
+};
+
+//
+// function to get the mocking control function. if not mocking it returns a no-op.
+//
+// if mocking it sets up the mock http interceptors that use the mocked s3 file system
+// to fulfill reponses.
+module.exports.get_mockS3Http = function() {
+  let mock_s3 = false;
+  if (!process.env.node_pre_gyp_mock_s3) {
+    return () => mock_s3;
+  }
+
+  const nock = require('nock');
+  // the bucket used for testing, as addressed by https.
+  const host = 'https://mapbox-node-pre-gyp-public-testing-bucket.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com';
+  const mockDir = process.env.node_pre_gyp_mock_s3 + '/mapbox-node-pre-gyp-public-testing-bucket';
+
+  // function to setup interceptors. they are "turned off" by setting mock_s3 to false.
+  const mock_http = () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+    function get(uri, requestBody) {
+      const filepath = path.join(mockDir, uri.replace('%2B', '+'));
+
+      try {
+        fs.accessSync(filepath, fs.constants.R_OK);
+      } catch (e) {
+        return [404, 'not found\n'];
+      }
+
+      // the mock s3 functions just write to disk, so just read from it.
+      return [200, fs.createReadStream(filepath)];
+    }
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+    return nock(host)
+      .persist()
+      .get(() => mock_s3) // mock any uri for s3 when true
+      .reply(get);
+  };
+
+  // setup interceptors. they check the mock_s3 flag to determine whether to intercept.
+  mock_http(nock, host, mockDir);
+  // function to turn matching all requests to s3 on/off.
+  const mockS3Http = (action) => {
+    const previous = mock_s3;
+    if (action === 'off') {
+      mock_s3 = false;
+    } else if (action === 'on') {
+      mock_s3 = true;
+    } else if (action !== 'get') {
+      throw new Error(`illegal action for setMockHttp ${action}`);
+    }
+    return previous;
+  };
+
+  // call mockS3Http with the argument
+  // - 'on' - turn it on
+  // - 'off' - turn it off (used by fetch.test.js so it doesn't interfere with redirects)
+  // - 'get' - return true or false for 'on' or 'off'
+  return mockS3Http;
+};
+
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/versioning.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/versioning.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4409d7c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/versioning.js
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports;
+
+const path = require('path');
+const semver = require('semver');
+const url = require('url');
+const detect_libc = require('detect-libc');
+const napi = require('./napi.js');
+
+let abi_crosswalk;
+
+// This is used for unit testing to provide a fake
+// ABI crosswalk that emulates one that is not updated
+// for the current version
+if (process.env.NODE_PRE_GYP_ABI_CROSSWALK) {
+  abi_crosswalk = require(process.env.NODE_PRE_GYP_ABI_CROSSWALK);
+} else {
+  abi_crosswalk = require('./abi_crosswalk.json');
+}
+
+const major_versions = {};
+Object.keys(abi_crosswalk).forEach((v) => {
+  const major = v.split('.')[0];
+  if (!major_versions[major]) {
+    major_versions[major] = v;
+  }
+});
+
+function get_electron_abi(runtime, target_version) {
+  if (!runtime) {
+    throw new Error('get_electron_abi requires valid runtime arg');
+  }
+  if (typeof target_version === 'undefined') {
+    // erroneous CLI call
+    throw new Error('Empty target version is not supported if electron is the target.');
+  }
+  // Electron guarantees that patch version update won't break native modules.
+  const sem_ver = semver.parse(target_version);
+  return runtime + '-v' + sem_ver.major + '.' + sem_ver.minor;
+}
+module.exports.get_electron_abi = get_electron_abi;
+
+function get_node_webkit_abi(runtime, target_version) {
+  if (!runtime) {
+    throw new Error('get_node_webkit_abi requires valid runtime arg');
+  }
+  if (typeof target_version === 'undefined') {
+    // erroneous CLI call
+    throw new Error('Empty target version is not supported if node-webkit is the target.');
+  }
+  return runtime + '-v' + target_version;
+}
+module.exports.get_node_webkit_abi = get_node_webkit_abi;
+
+function get_node_abi(runtime, versions) {
+  if (!runtime) {
+    throw new Error('get_node_abi requires valid runtime arg');
+  }
+  if (!versions) {
+    throw new Error('get_node_abi requires valid process.versions object');
+  }
+  const sem_ver = semver.parse(versions.node);
+  if (sem_ver.major === 0 && sem_ver.minor % 2) { // odd series
+    // https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues/124
+    return runtime + '-v' + versions.node;
+  } else {
+    // process.versions.modules added in >= v0.10.4 and v0.11.7
+    // https://github.com/joyent/node/commit/ccabd4a6fa8a6eb79d29bc3bbe9fe2b6531c2d8e
+    return versions.modules ? runtime + '-v' + (+versions.modules) :
+      'v8-' + versions.v8.split('.').slice(0, 2).join('.');
+  }
+}
+module.exports.get_node_abi = get_node_abi;
+
+function get_runtime_abi(runtime, target_version) {
+  if (!runtime) {
+    throw new Error('get_runtime_abi requires valid runtime arg');
+  }
+  if (runtime === 'node-webkit') {
+    return get_node_webkit_abi(runtime, target_version || process.versions['node-webkit']);
+  } else if (runtime === 'electron') {
+    return get_electron_abi(runtime, target_version || process.versions.electron);
+  } else {
+    if (runtime !== 'node') {
+      throw new Error("Unknown Runtime: '" + runtime + "'");
+    }
+    if (!target_version) {
+      return get_node_abi(runtime, process.versions);
+    } else {
+      let cross_obj;
+      // abi_crosswalk generated with ./scripts/abi_crosswalk.js
+      if (abi_crosswalk[target_version]) {
+        cross_obj = abi_crosswalk[target_version];
+      } else {
+        const target_parts = target_version.split('.').map((i) => { return +i; });
+        if (target_parts.length !== 3) { // parse failed
+          throw new Error('Unknown target version: ' + target_version);
+        }
+        /*
+                    The below code tries to infer the last known ABI compatible version
+                    that we have recorded in the abi_crosswalk.json when an exact match
+                    is not possible. The reasons for this to exist are complicated:
+
+                       - We support passing --target to be able to allow developers to package binaries for versions of node
+                         that are not the same one as they are running. This might also be used in combination with the
+                         --target_arch or --target_platform flags to also package binaries for alternative platforms
+                       - When --target is passed we can't therefore determine the ABI (process.versions.modules) from the node
+                         version that is running in memory
+                       - So, therefore node-pre-gyp keeps an "ABI crosswalk" (lib/util/abi_crosswalk.json) to be able to look
+                         this info up for all versions
+                       - But we cannot easily predict what the future ABI will be for released versions
+                       - And node-pre-gyp needs to be a `bundledDependency` in apps that depend on it in order to work correctly
+                         by being fully available at install time.
+                       - So, the speed of node releases and the bundled nature of node-pre-gyp mean that a new node-pre-gyp release
+                         need to happen for every node.js/io.js/node-webkit/nw.js/atom-shell/etc release that might come online if
+                         you want the `--target` flag to keep working for the latest version
+                       - Which is impractical ^^
+                       - Hence the below code guesses about future ABI to make the need to update node-pre-gyp less demanding.
+
+                    In practice then you can have a dependency of your app like `node-sqlite3` that bundles a `node-pre-gyp` that
+                    only knows about node v0.10.33 in the `abi_crosswalk.json` but target node v0.10.34 (which is assumed to be
+                    ABI compatible with v0.10.33).
+
+                    TODO: use semver module instead of custom version parsing
+                */
+        const major = target_parts[0];
+        let minor = target_parts[1];
+        let patch = target_parts[2];
+        // io.js: yeah if node.js ever releases 1.x this will break
+        // but that is unlikely to happen: https://github.com/iojs/io.js/pull/253#issuecomment-69432616
+        if (major === 1) {
+          // look for last release that is the same major version
+          // e.g. we assume io.js 1.x is ABI compatible with >= 1.0.0
+          while (true) {
+            if (minor > 0) --minor;
+            if (patch > 0) --patch;
+            const new_iojs_target = '' + major + '.' + minor + '.' + patch;
+            if (abi_crosswalk[new_iojs_target]) {
+              cross_obj = abi_crosswalk[new_iojs_target];
+              console.log('Warning: node-pre-gyp could not find exact match for ' + target_version);
+              console.log('Warning: but node-pre-gyp successfully choose ' + new_iojs_target + ' as ABI compatible target');
+              break;
+            }
+            if (minor === 0 && patch === 0) {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (major >= 2) {
+          // look for last release that is the same major version
+          if (major_versions[major]) {
+            cross_obj = abi_crosswalk[major_versions[major]];
+            console.log('Warning: node-pre-gyp could not find exact match for ' + target_version);
+            console.log('Warning: but node-pre-gyp successfully choose ' + major_versions[major] + ' as ABI compatible target');
+          }
+        } else if (major === 0) { // node.js
+          if (target_parts[1] % 2 === 0) { // for stable/even node.js series
+            // look for the last release that is the same minor release
+            // e.g. we assume node 0.10.x is ABI compatible with >= 0.10.0
+            while (--patch > 0) {
+              const new_node_target = '' + major + '.' + minor + '.' + patch;
+              if (abi_crosswalk[new_node_target]) {
+                cross_obj = abi_crosswalk[new_node_target];
+                console.log('Warning: node-pre-gyp could not find exact match for ' + target_version);
+                console.log('Warning: but node-pre-gyp successfully choose ' + new_node_target + ' as ABI compatible target');
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (!cross_obj) {
+        throw new Error('Unsupported target version: ' + target_version);
+      }
+      // emulate process.versions
+      const versions_obj = {
+        node: target_version,
+        v8: cross_obj.v8 + '.0',
+        // abi_crosswalk uses 1 for node versions lacking process.versions.modules
+        // process.versions.modules added in >= v0.10.4 and v0.11.7
+        modules: cross_obj.node_abi > 1 ? cross_obj.node_abi : undefined
+      };
+      return get_node_abi(runtime, versions_obj);
+    }
+  }
+}
+module.exports.get_runtime_abi = get_runtime_abi;
+
+const required_parameters = [
+  'module_name',
+  'module_path',
+  'host'
+];
+
+function validate_config(package_json, opts) {
+  const msg = package_json.name + ' package.json is not node-pre-gyp ready:\n';
+  const missing = [];
+  if (!package_json.main) {
+    missing.push('main');
+  }
+  if (!package_json.version) {
+    missing.push('version');
+  }
+  if (!package_json.name) {
+    missing.push('name');
+  }
+  if (!package_json.binary) {
+    missing.push('binary');
+  }
+  const o = package_json.binary;
+  if (o) {
+    required_parameters.forEach((p) => {
+      if (!o[p] || typeof o[p] !== 'string') {
+        missing.push('binary.' + p);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (missing.length >= 1) {
+    throw new Error(msg + 'package.json must declare these properties: \n' + missing.join('\n'));
+  }
+  if (o) {
+    // enforce https over http
+    const protocol = url.parse(o.host).protocol;
+    if (protocol === 'http:') {
+      throw new Error("'host' protocol (" + protocol + ") is invalid - only 'https:' is accepted");
+    }
+  }
+  napi.validate_package_json(package_json, opts);
+}
+
+module.exports.validate_config = validate_config;
+
+function eval_template(template, opts) {
+  Object.keys(opts).forEach((key) => {
+    const pattern = '{' + key + '}';
+    while (template.indexOf(pattern) > -1) {
+      template = template.replace(pattern, opts[key]);
+    }
+  });
+  return template;
+}
+
+// url.resolve needs single trailing slash
+// to behave correctly, otherwise a double slash
+// may end up in the url which breaks requests
+// and a lacking slash may not lead to proper joining
+function fix_slashes(pathname) {
+  if (pathname.slice(-1) !== '/') {
+    return pathname + '/';
+  }
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+// remove double slashes
+// note: path.normalize will not work because
+// it will convert forward to back slashes
+function drop_double_slashes(pathname) {
+  return pathname.replace(/\/\//g, '/');
+}
+
+function get_process_runtime(versions) {
+  let runtime = 'node';
+  if (versions['node-webkit']) {
+    runtime = 'node-webkit';
+  } else if (versions.electron) {
+    runtime = 'electron';
+  }
+  return runtime;
+}
+
+module.exports.get_process_runtime = get_process_runtime;
+
+const default_package_name = '{module_name}-v{version}-{node_abi}-{platform}-{arch}.tar.gz';
+const default_remote_path = '';
+
+module.exports.evaluate = function(package_json, options, napi_build_version) {
+  options = options || {};
+  validate_config(package_json, options); // options is a suitable substitute for opts in this case
+  const v = package_json.version;
+  const module_version = semver.parse(v);
+  const runtime = options.runtime || get_process_runtime(process.versions);
+  const opts = {
+    name: package_json.name,
+    configuration: options.debug ? 'Debug' : 'Release',
+    debug: options.debug,
+    module_name: package_json.binary.module_name,
+    version: module_version.version,
+    prerelease: module_version.prerelease.length ? module_version.prerelease.join('.') : '',
+    build: module_version.build.length ? module_version.build.join('.') : '',
+    major: module_version.major,
+    minor: module_version.minor,
+    patch: module_version.patch,
+    runtime: runtime,
+    node_abi: get_runtime_abi(runtime, options.target),
+    node_abi_napi: napi.get_napi_version(options.target) ? 'napi' : get_runtime_abi(runtime, options.target),
+    napi_version: napi.get_napi_version(options.target), // non-zero numeric, undefined if unsupported
+    napi_build_version: napi_build_version || '',
+    node_napi_label: napi_build_version ? 'napi-v' + napi_build_version : get_runtime_abi(runtime, options.target),
+    target: options.target || '',
+    platform: options.target_platform || process.platform,
+    target_platform: options.target_platform || process.platform,
+    arch: options.target_arch || process.arch,
+    target_arch: options.target_arch || process.arch,
+    libc: options.target_libc || detect_libc.family || 'unknown',
+    module_main: package_json.main,
+    toolset: options.toolset || '', // address https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues/119
+    bucket: package_json.binary.bucket,
+    region: package_json.binary.region,
+    s3ForcePathStyle: package_json.binary.s3ForcePathStyle || false
+  };
+    // support host mirror with npm config `--{module_name}_binary_host_mirror`
+    // e.g.: https://github.com/node-inspector/v8-profiler/blob/master/package.json#L25
+    // > npm install v8-profiler --profiler_binary_host_mirror=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node-inspector/
+  const validModuleName = opts.module_name.replace('-', '_');
+  const host = process.env['npm_config_' + validModuleName + '_binary_host_mirror'] || package_json.binary.host;
+  opts.host = fix_slashes(eval_template(host, opts));
+  opts.module_path = eval_template(package_json.binary.module_path, opts);
+  // now we resolve the module_path to ensure it is absolute so that binding.gyp variables work predictably
+  if (options.module_root) {
+    // resolve relative to known module root: works for pre-binding require
+    opts.module_path = path.join(options.module_root, opts.module_path);
+  } else {
+    // resolve relative to current working directory: works for node-pre-gyp commands
+    opts.module_path = path.resolve(opts.module_path);
+  }
+  opts.module = path.join(opts.module_path, opts.module_name + '.node');
+  opts.remote_path = package_json.binary.remote_path ? drop_double_slashes(fix_slashes(eval_template(package_json.binary.remote_path, opts))) : default_remote_path;
+  const package_name = package_json.binary.package_name ? package_json.binary.package_name : default_package_name;
+  opts.package_name = eval_template(package_name, opts);
+  opts.staged_tarball = path.join('build/stage', opts.remote_path, opts.package_name);
+  opts.hosted_path = url.resolve(opts.host, opts.remote_path);
+  opts.hosted_tarball = url.resolve(opts.hosted_path, opts.package_name);
+  return opts;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e365277d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..164cdeac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\semver\bin\semver.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a85e3405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..220af176f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# changes log
+
+## 7.3.0
+
+* Add `subset(r1, r2)` method to determine if `r1` range is entirely
+  contained by `r2` range.
+
+## 7.2.3
+
+* Fix handling of `includePrelease` mode where version ranges like `1.0.0 -
+  2.0.0` would include `3.0.0-pre` and not `1.0.0-pre`.
+
+## 7.2.2
+
+* Fix bug where `2.0.0-pre` would be included in `^1.0.0` if
+  `includePrerelease` was set to true.
+
+## 7.2.0
+
+* Add `simplifyRange` method to attempt to generate a more human-readable
+  range expression that is equivalent to a supplied range, for a given set
+  of versions.
+
+## 7.1.2
+
+* Remove fancy lazy-loading logic, as it was causing problems for webpack
+  users.
+
+## 7.1.0
+
+* Add `require('semver/preload')` to load the entire module without using
+  lazy getter methods.
+
+## 7.0.0
+
+* Refactor module into separate files for better tree-shaking
+* Drop support for very old node versions, use const/let, `=>` functions,
+  and classes.
+
+## 6.3.0
+
+* Expose the token enum on the exports
+
+## 6.2.0
+
+* Coerce numbers to strings when passed to semver.coerce()
+* Add `rtl` option to coerce from right to left
+
+## 6.1.3
+
+* Handle X-ranges properly in includePrerelease mode
+
+## 6.1.2
+
+* Do not throw when testing invalid version strings
+
+## 6.1.1
+
+* Add options support for semver.coerce()
+* Handle undefined version passed to Range.test
+
+## 6.1.0
+
+* Add semver.compareBuild function
+* Support `*` in semver.intersects
+
+## 6.0
+
+* Fix `intersects` logic.
+
+    This is technically a bug fix, but since it is also a change to behavior
+    that may require users updating their code, it is marked as a major
+    version increment.
+
+## 5.7
+
+* Add `minVersion` method
+
+## 5.6
+
+* Move boolean `loose` param to an options object, with
+  backwards-compatibility protection.
+* Add ability to opt out of special prerelease version handling with
+  the `includePrerelease` option flag.
+
+## 5.5
+
+* Add version coercion capabilities
+
+## 5.4
+
+* Add intersection checking
+
+## 5.3
+
+* Add `minSatisfying` method
+
+## 5.2
+
+* Add `prerelease(v)` that returns prerelease components
+
+## 5.1
+
+* Add Backus-Naur for ranges
+* Remove excessively cute inspection methods
+
+## 5.0
+
+* Remove AMD/Browserified build artifacts
+* Fix ltr and gtr when using the `*` range
+* Fix for range `*` with a prerelease identifier
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/README.md b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bef045af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+semver(1) -- The semantic versioner for npm
+===========================================
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+npm install semver
+````
+
+## Usage
+
+As a node module:
+
+```js
+const semver = require('semver')
+
+semver.valid('1.2.3') // '1.2.3'
+semver.valid('a.b.c') // null
+semver.clean('  =v1.2.3   ') // '1.2.3'
+semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '1.x || >=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3') // true
+semver.gt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // false
+semver.lt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // true
+semver.minVersion('>=1.0.0') // '1.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('v2')) // '2.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')) // '42.6.7'
+```
+
+You can also just load the module for the function that you care about, if
+you'd like to minimize your footprint.
+
+```js
+// load the whole API at once in a single object
+const semver = require('semver')
+
+// or just load the bits you need
+// all of them listed here, just pick and choose what you want
+
+// classes
+const SemVer = require('semver/classes/semver')
+const Comparator = require('semver/classes/comparator')
+const Range = require('semver/classes/range')
+
+// functions for working with versions
+const semverParse = require('semver/functions/parse')
+const semverValid = require('semver/functions/valid')
+const semverClean = require('semver/functions/clean')
+const semverInc = require('semver/functions/inc')
+const semverDiff = require('semver/functions/diff')
+const semverMajor = require('semver/functions/major')
+const semverMinor = require('semver/functions/minor')
+const semverPatch = require('semver/functions/patch')
+const semverPrerelease = require('semver/functions/prerelease')
+const semverCompare = require('semver/functions/compare')
+const semverRcompare = require('semver/functions/rcompare')
+const semverCompareLoose = require('semver/functions/compare-loose')
+const semverCompareBuild = require('semver/functions/compare-build')
+const semverSort = require('semver/functions/sort')
+const semverRsort = require('semver/functions/rsort')
+
+// low-level comparators between versions
+const semverGt = require('semver/functions/gt')
+const semverLt = require('semver/functions/lt')
+const semverEq = require('semver/functions/eq')
+const semverNeq = require('semver/functions/neq')
+const semverGte = require('semver/functions/gte')
+const semverLte = require('semver/functions/lte')
+const semverCmp = require('semver/functions/cmp')
+const semverCoerce = require('semver/functions/coerce')
+
+// working with ranges
+const semverSatisfies = require('semver/functions/satisfies')
+const semverMaxSatisfying = require('semver/ranges/max-satisfying')
+const semverMinSatisfying = require('semver/ranges/min-satisfying')
+const semverToComparators = require('semver/ranges/to-comparators')
+const semverMinVersion = require('semver/ranges/min-version')
+const semverValidRange = require('semver/ranges/valid')
+const semverOutside = require('semver/ranges/outside')
+const semverGtr = require('semver/ranges/gtr')
+const semverLtr = require('semver/ranges/ltr')
+const semverIntersects = require('semver/ranges/intersects')
+const simplifyRange = require('semver/ranges/simplify')
+const rangeSubset = require('semver/ranges/subset')
+```
+
+As a command-line utility:
+
+```
+$ semver -h
+
+A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
+Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
+
+Options:
+-r --range <range>
+        Print versions that match the specified range.
+
+-i --increment [<level>]
+        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can
+        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.
+        Only one version may be specified.
+
+--preid <identifier>
+        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch or prerelease version increments.
+
+-l --loose
+        Interpret versions and ranges loosely
+
+-p --include-prerelease
+        Always include prerelease versions in range matching
+
+-c --coerce
+        Coerce a string into SemVer if possible
+        (does not imply --loose)
+
+--rtl
+        Coerce version strings right to left
+
+--ltr
+        Coerce version strings left to right (default)
+
+Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
+all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
+
+If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
+
+Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
+multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.
+```
+
+## Versions
+
+A "version" is described by the `v2.0.0` specification found at
+<https://semver.org/>.
+
+A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
+
+## Ranges
+
+A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
+that satisfy the range.
+
+A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`.  The set
+of primitive `operators` is:
+
+* `<` Less than
+* `<=` Less than or equal to
+* `>` Greater than
+* `>=` Greater than or equal to
+* `=` Equal.  If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
+  so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
+
+For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+Comparators can be joined by whitespace to form a `comparator set`,
+which is satisfied by the **intersection** of all of the comparators
+it includes.
+
+A range is composed of one or more comparator sets, joined by `||`.  A
+version matches a range if and only if every comparator in at least
+one of the `||`-separated comparator sets is satisfied by the version.
+
+For example, the range `>=1.2.7 <1.3.0` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, and `1.2.99`, but not the versions `1.2.6`, `1.3.0`,
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+The range `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0` would match the versions `1.2.7`,
+`1.2.9`, and `1.4.6`, but not the versions `1.2.8` or `2.0.0`.
+
+### Prerelease Tags
+
+If a version has a prerelease tag (for example, `1.2.3-alpha.3`) then
+it will only be allowed to satisfy comparator sets if at least one
+comparator with the same `[major, minor, patch]` tuple also has a
+prerelease tag.
+
+For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
+version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
+`3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
+than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules.  The version
+range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version.  The
+version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
+prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
+
+The purpose for this behavior is twofold.  First, prerelease versions
+frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
+that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
+Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
+semantics.
+
+Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
+clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
+alpha/beta/rc versions.  By including a prerelease tag in the range,
+the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk.  However, it
+is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
+similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
+
+Note that this behavior can be suppressed (treating all prerelease
+versions as if they were normal versions, for the purpose of range
+matching) by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
+object to any
+[functions](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions) that do
+range matching.
+
+#### Prerelease Identifiers
+
+The method `.inc` takes an additional `identifier` string argument that
+will append the value of the string as a prerelease identifier:
+
+```javascript
+semver.inc('1.2.3', 'prerelease', 'beta')
+// '1.2.4-beta.0'
+```
+
+command-line example:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.3 -i prerelease --preid beta
+1.2.4-beta.0
+```
+
+Which then can be used to increment further:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.4-beta.0 -i prerelease
+1.2.4-beta.1
+```
+
+### Advanced Range Syntax
+
+Advanced range syntax desugars to primitive comparators in
+deterministic ways.
+
+Advanced ranges may be combined in the same way as primitive
+comparators using white space or `||`.
+
+#### Hyphen Ranges `X.Y.Z - A.B.C`
+
+Specifies an inclusive set.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.3 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the first version in the inclusive
+range, then the missing pieces are replaced with zeroes.
+
+* `1.2 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.0 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the second version in the
+inclusive range, then all versions that start with the supplied parts
+of the tuple are accepted, but nothing that would be greater than the
+provided tuple parts.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.4.0-0`
+* `1.2.3 - 2` := `>=1.2.3 <3.0.0-0`
+
+#### X-Ranges `1.2.x` `1.X` `1.2.*` `*`
+
+Any of `X`, `x`, or `*` may be used to "stand in" for one of the
+numeric values in the `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+* `*` := `>=0.0.0` (Any version satisfies)
+* `1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0` (Matching major version)
+* `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0` (Matching major and minor versions)
+
+A partial version range is treated as an X-Range, so the special
+character is in fact optional.
+
+* `""` (empty string) := `*` := `>=0.0.0`
+* `1` := `1.x.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0`
+* `1.2` := `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0`
+
+#### Tilde Ranges `~1.2.3` `~1.2` `~1`
+
+Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the
+comparator.  Allows minor-level changes if not.
+
+* `~1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0-0`
+* `~1.2` := `>=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0` (Same as `1.2.x`)
+* `~1` := `>=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0` (Same as `1.x`)
+* `~0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0-0`
+* `~0.2` := `>=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0-0` (Same as `0.2.x`)
+* `~0` := `>=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0-0` (Same as `0.x`)
+* `~1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <1.3.0-0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+#### Caret Ranges `^1.2.3` `^0.2.5` `^0.0.4`
+
+Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero element in the
+`[major, minor, patch]` tuple.  In other words, this allows patch and
+minor updates for versions `1.0.0` and above, patch updates for
+versions `0.X >=0.1.0`, and *no* updates for versions `0.0.X`.
+
+Many authors treat a `0.x` version as if the `x` were the major
+"breaking-change" indicator.
+
+Caret ranges are ideal when an author may make breaking changes
+between `0.2.4` and `0.3.0` releases, which is a common practice.
+However, it presumes that there will *not* be breaking changes between
+`0.2.4` and `0.2.5`.  It allows for changes that are presumed to be
+additive (but non-breaking), according to commonly observed practices.
+
+* `^1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0-0`
+* `^0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0-0`
+* `^0.0.3` := `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4-0`
+* `^1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <2.0.0-0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+* `^0.0.3-beta` := `>=0.0.3-beta <0.0.4-0`  Note that prereleases in the
+  `0.0.3` version *only* will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta`.  So, `0.0.3-pr.2` would be allowed.
+
+When parsing caret ranges, a missing `patch` value desugars to the
+number `0`, but will allow flexibility within that value, even if the
+major and minor versions are both `0`.
+
+* `^1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <2.0.0-0`
+* `^0.0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0-0`
+* `^0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0-0`
+
+A missing `minor` and `patch` values will desugar to zero, but also
+allow flexibility within those values, even if the major version is
+zero.
+
+* `^1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0-0`
+* `^0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0-0`
+
+### Range Grammar
+
+Putting all this together, here is a Backus-Naur grammar for ranges,
+for the benefit of parser authors:
+
+```bnf
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | ['1'-'9'] ( ['0'-'9'] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
+```
+
+## Functions
+
+All methods and classes take a final `options` object argument.  All
+options in this object are `false` by default.  The options supported
+are:
+
+- `loose`  Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
+  (Any resulting output will always be 100% strict compliant, of
+  course.)  For backwards compatibility reasons, if the `options`
+  argument is a boolean value instead of an object, it is interpreted
+  to be the `loose` param.
+- `includePrerelease`  Set to suppress the [default
+  behavior](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#prerelease-tags) of
+  excluding prerelease tagged versions from ranges unless they are
+  explicitly opted into.
+
+Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
+strings that they parse.
+
+* `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
+* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
+  type (`major`,   `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
+  `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
+  * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
+    version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
+    `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
+  * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
+    same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
+    prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
+    increments it.
+* `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
+  if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
+* `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
+* `minor(v)`: Return the minor version number.
+* `patch(v)`: Return the patch version number.
+* `intersects(r1, r2, loose)`: Return true if the two supplied ranges
+  or comparators intersect.
+* `parse(v)`: Attempt to parse a string as a semantic version, returning either
+  a `SemVer` object or `null`.
+
+### Comparison
+
+* `gt(v1, v2)`: `v1 > v2`
+* `gte(v1, v2)`: `v1 >= v2`
+* `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
+* `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
+* `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
+  even if they're not the exact same string.  You already know how to
+  compare strings.
+* `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
+* `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
+  the corresponding function above.  `"==="` and `"!=="` do simple
+  string comparison, but are included for completeness.  Throws if an
+  invalid comparison string is provided.
+* `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
+  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare.  Sorts an array of versions
+  in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `compareBuild(v1, v2)`: The same as `compare` but considers `build` when two versions
+  are equal.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
+  (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
+  or null if the versions are the same.
+
+### Comparators
+
+* `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
+
+### Ranges
+
+* `validRange(range)`: Return the valid range or null if it's not valid
+* `satisfies(version, range)`: Return true if the version satisfies the
+  range.
+* `maxSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the highest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can possibly match
+  the given range.
+* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
+  the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction.  The
+  `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`.  (This is
+  the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
+* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
+* `simplifyRange(versions, range)`: Return a "simplified" range that
+  matches the same items in `versions` list as the range specified.  Note
+  that it does *not* guarantee that it would match the same versions in all
+  cases, only for the set of versions provided.  This is useful when
+  generating ranges by joining together multiple versions with `||`
+  programmatically, to provide the user with something a bit more
+  ergonomic.  If the provided range is shorter in string-length than the
+  generated range, then that is returned.
+* `subset(subRange, superRange)`: Return `true` if the `subRange` range is
+  entirely contained by the `superRange` range.
+
+Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
+greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range!  For
+example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
+until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
+range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
+range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
+satisfy the range.
+
+If you want to know if a version satisfies or does not satisfy a
+range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.
+
+### Coercion
+
+* `coerce(version, options)`: Coerces a string to semver if possible
+
+This aims to provide a very forgiving translation of a non-semver string to
+semver. It looks for the first digit in a string, and consumes all
+remaining characters which satisfy at least a partial semver (e.g., `1`,
+`1.2`, `1.2.3`) up to the max permitted length (256 characters).  Longer
+versions are simply truncated (`4.6.3.9.2-alpha2` becomes `4.6.3`).  All
+surrounding text is simply ignored (`v3.4 replaces v3.3.1` becomes
+`3.4.0`).  Only text which lacks digits will fail coercion (`version one`
+is not valid).  The maximum  length for any semver component considered for
+coercion is 16 characters; longer components will be ignored
+(`10000000000000000.4.7.4` becomes `4.7.4`).  The maximum value for any
+semver component is `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || (2**53 - 1)`; higher value
+components are invalid (`9999999999999999.4.7.4` is likely invalid).
+
+If the `options.rtl` flag is set, then `coerce` will return the right-most
+coercible tuple that does not share an ending index with a longer coercible
+tuple.  For example, `1.2.3.4` will return `2.3.4` in rtl mode, not
+`4.0.0`.  `1.2.3/4` will return `4.0.0`, because the `4` is not a part of
+any other overlapping SemVer tuple.
+
+### Clean
+
+* `clean(version)`: Clean a string to be a valid semver if possible
+
+This will return a cleaned and trimmed semver version. If the provided
+version is not valid a null will be returned. This does not work for
+ranges.
+
+ex.
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo')`: `null`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo')`: `null`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
+* `s.clean('=v2.1.5')`: `'2.1.5'`
+* `s.clean('  =v2.1.5')`: `2.1.5`
+* `s.clean('      2.1.5   ')`: `'2.1.5'`
+* `s.clean('~1.0.0')`: `null`
+
+## Exported Modules
+
+<!--
+TODO: Make sure that all of these items are documented (classes aren't,
+eg), and then pull the module name into the documentation for that specific
+thing.
+-->
+
+You may pull in just the part of this semver utility that you need, if you
+are sensitive to packing and tree-shaking concerns.  The main
+`require('semver')` export uses getter functions to lazily load the parts
+of the API that are used.
+
+The following modules are available:
+
+* `require('semver')`
+* `require('semver/classes')`
+* `require('semver/classes/comparator')`
+* `require('semver/classes/range')`
+* `require('semver/classes/semver')`
+* `require('semver/functions/clean')`
+* `require('semver/functions/cmp')`
+* `require('semver/functions/coerce')`
+* `require('semver/functions/compare')`
+* `require('semver/functions/compare-build')`
+* `require('semver/functions/compare-loose')`
+* `require('semver/functions/diff')`
+* `require('semver/functions/eq')`
+* `require('semver/functions/gt')`
+* `require('semver/functions/gte')`
+* `require('semver/functions/inc')`
+* `require('semver/functions/lt')`
+* `require('semver/functions/lte')`
+* `require('semver/functions/major')`
+* `require('semver/functions/minor')`
+* `require('semver/functions/neq')`
+* `require('semver/functions/parse')`
+* `require('semver/functions/patch')`
+* `require('semver/functions/prerelease')`
+* `require('semver/functions/rcompare')`
+* `require('semver/functions/rsort')`
+* `require('semver/functions/satisfies')`
+* `require('semver/functions/sort')`
+* `require('semver/functions/valid')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/gtr')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/intersects')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/ltr')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/max-satisfying')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/min-satisfying')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/min-version')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/outside')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/to-comparators')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/valid')`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/bin/semver.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/bin/semver.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73fe29538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/bin/semver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Standalone semver comparison program.
+// Exits successfully and prints matching version(s) if
+// any supplied version is valid and passes all tests.
+
+const argv = process.argv.slice(2)
+
+let versions = []
+
+const range = []
+
+let inc = null
+
+const version = require('../package.json').version
+
+let loose = false
+
+let includePrerelease = false
+
+let coerce = false
+
+let rtl = false
+
+let identifier
+
+const semver = require('../')
+
+let reverse = false
+
+const options = {}
+
+const main = () => {
+  if (!argv.length) return help()
+  while (argv.length) {
+    let a = argv.shift()
+    const indexOfEqualSign = a.indexOf('=')
+    if (indexOfEqualSign !== -1) {
+      a = a.slice(0, indexOfEqualSign)
+      argv.unshift(a.slice(indexOfEqualSign + 1))
+    }
+    switch (a) {
+      case '-rv': case '-rev': case '--rev': case '--reverse':
+        reverse = true
+        break
+      case '-l': case '--loose':
+        loose = true
+        break
+      case '-p': case '--include-prerelease':
+        includePrerelease = true
+        break
+      case '-v': case '--version':
+        versions.push(argv.shift())
+        break
+      case '-i': case '--inc': case '--increment':
+        switch (argv[0]) {
+          case 'major': case 'minor': case 'patch': case 'prerelease':
+          case 'premajor': case 'preminor': case 'prepatch':
+            inc = argv.shift()
+            break
+          default:
+            inc = 'patch'
+            break
+        }
+        break
+      case '--preid':
+        identifier = argv.shift()
+        break
+      case '-r': case '--range':
+        range.push(argv.shift())
+        break
+      case '-c': case '--coerce':
+        coerce = true
+        break
+      case '--rtl':
+        rtl = true
+        break
+      case '--ltr':
+        rtl = false
+        break
+      case '-h': case '--help': case '-?':
+        return help()
+      default:
+        versions.push(a)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  const options = { loose: loose, includePrerelease: includePrerelease, rtl: rtl }
+
+  versions = versions.map((v) => {
+    return coerce ? (semver.coerce(v, options) || { version: v }).version : v
+  }).filter((v) => {
+    return semver.valid(v)
+  })
+  if (!versions.length) return fail()
+  if (inc && (versions.length !== 1 || range.length)) { return failInc() }
+
+  for (let i = 0, l = range.length; i < l; i++) {
+    versions = versions.filter((v) => {
+      return semver.satisfies(v, range[i], options)
+    })
+    if (!versions.length) return fail()
+  }
+  return success(versions)
+}
+
+
+const failInc = () => {
+  console.error('--inc can only be used on a single version with no range')
+  fail()
+}
+
+const fail = () => process.exit(1)
+
+const success = () => {
+  const compare = reverse ? 'rcompare' : 'compare'
+  versions.sort((a, b) => {
+    return semver[compare](a, b, options)
+  }).map((v) => {
+    return semver.clean(v, options)
+  }).map((v) => {
+    return inc ? semver.inc(v, inc, options, identifier) : v
+  }).forEach((v, i, _) => { console.log(v) })
+}
+
+const help = () => console.log(
+`SemVer ${version}
+
+A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
+Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
+
+Options:
+-r --range <range>
+        Print versions that match the specified range.
+
+-i --increment [<level>]
+        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can
+        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.
+        Only one version may be specified.
+
+--preid <identifier>
+        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch or prerelease version increments.
+
+-l --loose
+        Interpret versions and ranges loosely
+
+-p --include-prerelease
+        Always include prerelease versions in range matching
+
+-c --coerce
+        Coerce a string into SemVer if possible
+        (does not imply --loose)
+
+--rtl
+        Coerce version strings right to left
+
+--ltr
+        Coerce version strings left to right (default)
+
+Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
+all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
+
+If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
+
+Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
+multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.`)
+
+main()
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/comparator.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/comparator.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbbef2d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/comparator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+const ANY = Symbol('SemVer ANY')
+// hoisted class for cyclic dependency
+class Comparator {
+  static get ANY () {
+    return ANY
+  }
+  constructor (comp, options) {
+    options = parseOptions(options)
+
+    if (comp instanceof Comparator) {
+      if (comp.loose === !!options.loose) {
+        return comp
+      } else {
+        comp = comp.value
+      }
+    }
+
+    debug('comparator', comp, options)
+    this.options = options
+    this.loose = !!options.loose
+    this.parse(comp)
+
+    if (this.semver === ANY) {
+      this.value = ''
+    } else {
+      this.value = this.operator + this.semver.version
+    }
+
+    debug('comp', this)
+  }
+
+  parse (comp) {
+    const r = this.options.loose ? re[t.COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[t.COMPARATOR]
+    const m = comp.match(r)
+
+    if (!m) {
+      throw new TypeError(`Invalid comparator: ${comp}`)
+    }
+
+    this.operator = m[1] !== undefined ? m[1] : ''
+    if (this.operator === '=') {
+      this.operator = ''
+    }
+
+    // if it literally is just '>' or '' then allow anything.
+    if (!m[2]) {
+      this.semver = ANY
+    } else {
+      this.semver = new SemVer(m[2], this.options.loose)
+    }
+  }
+
+  toString () {
+    return this.value
+  }
+
+  test (version) {
+    debug('Comparator.test', version, this.options.loose)
+
+    if (this.semver === ANY || version === ANY) {
+      return true
+    }
+
+    if (typeof version === 'string') {
+      try {
+        version = new SemVer(version, this.options)
+      } catch (er) {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+
+    return cmp(version, this.operator, this.semver, this.options)
+  }
+
+  intersects (comp, options) {
+    if (!(comp instanceof Comparator)) {
+      throw new TypeError('a Comparator is required')
+    }
+
+    if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+      options = {
+        loose: !!options,
+        includePrerelease: false
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.operator === '') {
+      if (this.value === '') {
+        return true
+      }
+      return new Range(comp.value, options).test(this.value)
+    } else if (comp.operator === '') {
+      if (comp.value === '') {
+        return true
+      }
+      return new Range(this.value, options).test(comp.semver)
+    }
+
+    const sameDirectionIncreasing =
+      (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '>') &&
+      (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '>')
+    const sameDirectionDecreasing =
+      (this.operator === '<=' || this.operator === '<') &&
+      (comp.operator === '<=' || comp.operator === '<')
+    const sameSemVer = this.semver.version === comp.semver.version
+    const differentDirectionsInclusive =
+      (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '<=') &&
+      (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '<=')
+    const oppositeDirectionsLessThan =
+      cmp(this.semver, '<', comp.semver, options) &&
+      (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '>') &&
+        (comp.operator === '<=' || comp.operator === '<')
+    const oppositeDirectionsGreaterThan =
+      cmp(this.semver, '>', comp.semver, options) &&
+      (this.operator === '<=' || this.operator === '<') &&
+        (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '>')
+
+    return (
+      sameDirectionIncreasing ||
+      sameDirectionDecreasing ||
+      (sameSemVer && differentDirectionsInclusive) ||
+      oppositeDirectionsLessThan ||
+      oppositeDirectionsGreaterThan
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Comparator
+
+const parseOptions = require('../internal/parse-options')
+const {re, t} = require('../internal/re')
+const cmp = require('../functions/cmp')
+const debug = require('../internal/debug')
+const SemVer = require('./semver')
+const Range = require('./range')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/index.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..198b84d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module.exports = {
+  SemVer: require('./semver.js'),
+  Range: require('./range.js'),
+  Comparator: require('./comparator.js')
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/range.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/range.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa04f6bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/range.js
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+// hoisted class for cyclic dependency
+class Range {
+  constructor (range, options) {
+    options = parseOptions(options)
+
+    if (range instanceof Range) {
+      if (
+        range.loose === !!options.loose &&
+        range.includePrerelease === !!options.includePrerelease
+      ) {
+        return range
+      } else {
+        return new Range(range.raw, options)
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (range instanceof Comparator) {
+      // just put it in the set and return
+      this.raw = range.value
+      this.set = [[range]]
+      this.format()
+      return this
+    }
+
+    this.options = options
+    this.loose = !!options.loose
+    this.includePrerelease = !!options.includePrerelease
+
+    // First, split based on boolean or ||
+    this.raw = range
+    this.set = range
+      .split(/\s*\|\|\s*/)
+      // map the range to a 2d array of comparators
+      .map(range => this.parseRange(range.trim()))
+      // throw out any comparator lists that are empty
+      // this generally means that it was not a valid range, which is allowed
+      // in loose mode, but will still throw if the WHOLE range is invalid.
+      .filter(c => c.length)
+
+    if (!this.set.length) {
+      throw new TypeError(`Invalid SemVer Range: ${range}`)
+    }
+
+    // if we have any that are not the null set, throw out null sets.
+    if (this.set.length > 1) {
+      // keep the first one, in case they're all null sets
+      const first = this.set[0]
+      this.set = this.set.filter(c => !isNullSet(c[0]))
+      if (this.set.length === 0)
+        this.set = [first]
+      else if (this.set.length > 1) {
+        // if we have any that are *, then the range is just *
+        for (const c of this.set) {
+          if (c.length === 1 && isAny(c[0])) {
+            this.set = [c]
+            break
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.format()
+  }
+
+  format () {
+    this.range = this.set
+      .map((comps) => {
+        return comps.join(' ').trim()
+      })
+      .join('||')
+      .trim()
+    return this.range
+  }
+
+  toString () {
+    return this.range
+  }
+
+  parseRange (range) {
+    range = range.trim()
+
+    // memoize range parsing for performance.
+    // this is a very hot path, and fully deterministic.
+    const memoOpts = Object.keys(this.options).join(',')
+    const memoKey = `parseRange:${memoOpts}:${range}`
+    const cached = cache.get(memoKey)
+    if (cached)
+      return cached
+
+    const loose = this.options.loose
+    // `1.2.3 - 1.2.4` => `>=1.2.3 <=1.2.4`
+    const hr = loose ? re[t.HYPHENRANGELOOSE] : re[t.HYPHENRANGE]
+    range = range.replace(hr, hyphenReplace(this.options.includePrerelease))
+    debug('hyphen replace', range)
+    // `> 1.2.3 < 1.2.5` => `>1.2.3 <1.2.5`
+    range = range.replace(re[t.COMPARATORTRIM], comparatorTrimReplace)
+    debug('comparator trim', range, re[t.COMPARATORTRIM])
+
+    // `~ 1.2.3` => `~1.2.3`
+    range = range.replace(re[t.TILDETRIM], tildeTrimReplace)
+
+    // `^ 1.2.3` => `^1.2.3`
+    range = range.replace(re[t.CARETTRIM], caretTrimReplace)
+
+    // normalize spaces
+    range = range.split(/\s+/).join(' ')
+
+    // At this point, the range is completely trimmed and
+    // ready to be split into comparators.
+
+    const compRe = loose ? re[t.COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[t.COMPARATOR]
+    const rangeList = range
+      .split(' ')
+      .map(comp => parseComparator(comp, this.options))
+      .join(' ')
+      .split(/\s+/)
+      // >=0.0.0 is equivalent to *
+      .map(comp => replaceGTE0(comp, this.options))
+      // in loose mode, throw out any that are not valid comparators
+      .filter(this.options.loose ? comp => !!comp.match(compRe) : () => true)
+      .map(comp => new Comparator(comp, this.options))
+
+    // if any comparators are the null set, then replace with JUST null set
+    // if more than one comparator, remove any * comparators
+    // also, don't include the same comparator more than once
+    const l = rangeList.length
+    const rangeMap = new Map()
+    for (const comp of rangeList) {
+      if (isNullSet(comp))
+        return [comp]
+      rangeMap.set(comp.value, comp)
+    }
+    if (rangeMap.size > 1 && rangeMap.has(''))
+      rangeMap.delete('')
+
+    const result = [...rangeMap.values()]
+    cache.set(memoKey, result)
+    return result
+  }
+
+  intersects (range, options) {
+    if (!(range instanceof Range)) {
+      throw new TypeError('a Range is required')
+    }
+
+    return this.set.some((thisComparators) => {
+      return (
+        isSatisfiable(thisComparators, options) &&
+        range.set.some((rangeComparators) => {
+          return (
+            isSatisfiable(rangeComparators, options) &&
+            thisComparators.every((thisComparator) => {
+              return rangeComparators.every((rangeComparator) => {
+                return thisComparator.intersects(rangeComparator, options)
+              })
+            })
+          )
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  }
+
+  // if ANY of the sets match ALL of its comparators, then pass
+  test (version) {
+    if (!version) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    if (typeof version === 'string') {
+      try {
+        version = new SemVer(version, this.options)
+      } catch (er) {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.set.length; i++) {
+      if (testSet(this.set[i], version, this.options)) {
+        return true
+      }
+    }
+    return false
+  }
+}
+module.exports = Range
+
+const LRU = require('lru-cache')
+const cache = new LRU({ max: 1000 })
+
+const parseOptions = require('../internal/parse-options')
+const Comparator = require('./comparator')
+const debug = require('../internal/debug')
+const SemVer = require('./semver')
+const {
+  re,
+  t,
+  comparatorTrimReplace,
+  tildeTrimReplace,
+  caretTrimReplace
+} = require('../internal/re')
+
+const isNullSet = c => c.value === '<0.0.0-0'
+const isAny = c => c.value === ''
+
+// take a set of comparators and determine whether there
+// exists a version which can satisfy it
+const isSatisfiable = (comparators, options) => {
+  let result = true
+  const remainingComparators = comparators.slice()
+  let testComparator = remainingComparators.pop()
+
+  while (result && remainingComparators.length) {
+    result = remainingComparators.every((otherComparator) => {
+      return testComparator.intersects(otherComparator, options)
+    })
+
+    testComparator = remainingComparators.pop()
+  }
+
+  return result
+}
+
+// comprised of xranges, tildes, stars, and gtlt's at this point.
+// already replaced the hyphen ranges
+// turn into a set of JUST comparators.
+const parseComparator = (comp, options) => {
+  debug('comp', comp, options)
+  comp = replaceCarets(comp, options)
+  debug('caret', comp)
+  comp = replaceTildes(comp, options)
+  debug('tildes', comp)
+  comp = replaceXRanges(comp, options)
+  debug('xrange', comp)
+  comp = replaceStars(comp, options)
+  debug('stars', comp)
+  return comp
+}
+
+const isX = id => !id || id.toLowerCase() === 'x' || id === '*'
+
+// ~, ~> --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ~2, ~2.x, ~2.x.x, ~>2, ~>2.x ~>2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0-0
+// ~2.0, ~2.0.x, ~>2.0, ~>2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <2.1.0-0
+// ~1.2, ~1.2.x, ~>1.2, ~>1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0
+// ~1.2.3, ~>1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <1.3.0-0
+// ~1.2.0, ~>1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0
+const replaceTildes = (comp, options) =>
+  comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map((comp) => {
+    return replaceTilde(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+
+const replaceTilde = (comp, options) => {
+  const r = options.loose ? re[t.TILDELOOSE] : re[t.TILDE]
+  return comp.replace(r, (_, M, m, p, pr) => {
+    debug('tilde', comp, _, M, m, p, pr)
+    let ret
+
+    if (isX(M)) {
+      ret = ''
+    } else if (isX(m)) {
+      ret = `>=${M}.0.0 <${+M + 1}.0.0-0`
+    } else if (isX(p)) {
+      // ~1.2 == >=1.2.0 <1.3.0-0
+      ret = `>=${M}.${m}.0 <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceTilde pr', pr)
+      ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p}-${pr
+      } <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+    } else {
+      // ~1.2.3 == >=1.2.3 <1.3.0-0
+      ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p
+      } <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+    }
+
+    debug('tilde return', ret)
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+// ^ --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ^2, ^2.x, ^2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0-0
+// ^2.0, ^2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0-0
+// ^1.2, ^1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0-0
+// ^1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <2.0.0-0
+// ^1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0-0
+const replaceCarets = (comp, options) =>
+  comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map((comp) => {
+    return replaceCaret(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+
+const replaceCaret = (comp, options) => {
+  debug('caret', comp, options)
+  const r = options.loose ? re[t.CARETLOOSE] : re[t.CARET]
+  const z = options.includePrerelease ? '-0' : ''
+  return comp.replace(r, (_, M, m, p, pr) => {
+    debug('caret', comp, _, M, m, p, pr)
+    let ret
+
+    if (isX(M)) {
+      ret = ''
+    } else if (isX(m)) {
+      ret = `>=${M}.0.0${z} <${+M + 1}.0.0-0`
+    } else if (isX(p)) {
+      if (M === '0') {
+        ret = `>=${M}.${m}.0${z} <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+      } else {
+        ret = `>=${M}.${m}.0${z} <${+M + 1}.0.0-0`
+      }
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceCaret pr', pr)
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0') {
+          ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p}-${pr
+          } <${M}.${m}.${+p + 1}-0`
+        } else {
+          ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p}-${pr
+          } <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+        }
+      } else {
+        ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p}-${pr
+        } <${+M + 1}.0.0-0`
+      }
+    } else {
+      debug('no pr')
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0') {
+          ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p
+          }${z} <${M}.${m}.${+p + 1}-0`
+        } else {
+          ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p
+          }${z} <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+        }
+      } else {
+        ret = `>=${M}.${m}.${p
+        } <${+M + 1}.0.0-0`
+      }
+    }
+
+    debug('caret return', ret)
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+const replaceXRanges = (comp, options) => {
+  debug('replaceXRanges', comp, options)
+  return comp.split(/\s+/).map((comp) => {
+    return replaceXRange(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+const replaceXRange = (comp, options) => {
+  comp = comp.trim()
+  const r = options.loose ? re[t.XRANGELOOSE] : re[t.XRANGE]
+  return comp.replace(r, (ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr) => {
+    debug('xRange', comp, ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr)
+    const xM = isX(M)
+    const xm = xM || isX(m)
+    const xp = xm || isX(p)
+    const anyX = xp
+
+    if (gtlt === '=' && anyX) {
+      gtlt = ''
+    }
+
+    // if we're including prereleases in the match, then we need
+    // to fix this to -0, the lowest possible prerelease value
+    pr = options.includePrerelease ? '-0' : ''
+
+    if (xM) {
+      if (gtlt === '>' || gtlt === '<') {
+        // nothing is allowed
+        ret = '<0.0.0-0'
+      } else {
+        // nothing is forbidden
+        ret = '*'
+      }
+    } else if (gtlt && anyX) {
+      // we know patch is an x, because we have any x at all.
+      // replace X with 0
+      if (xm) {
+        m = 0
+      }
+      p = 0
+
+      if (gtlt === '>') {
+        // >1 => >=2.0.0
+        // >1.2 => >=1.3.0
+        gtlt = '>='
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1
+          m = 0
+          p = 0
+        } else {
+          m = +m + 1
+          p = 0
+        }
+      } else if (gtlt === '<=') {
+        // <=0.7.x is actually <0.8.0, since any 0.7.x should
+        // pass.  Similarly, <=7.x is actually <8.0.0, etc.
+        gtlt = '<'
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1
+        } else {
+          m = +m + 1
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (gtlt === '<')
+        pr = '-0'
+
+      ret = `${gtlt + M}.${m}.${p}${pr}`
+    } else if (xm) {
+      ret = `>=${M}.0.0${pr} <${+M + 1}.0.0-0`
+    } else if (xp) {
+      ret = `>=${M}.${m}.0${pr
+      } <${M}.${+m + 1}.0-0`
+    }
+
+    debug('xRange return', ret)
+
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+// Because * is AND-ed with everything else in the comparator,
+// and '' means "any version", just remove the *s entirely.
+const replaceStars = (comp, options) => {
+  debug('replaceStars', comp, options)
+  // Looseness is ignored here.  star is always as loose as it gets!
+  return comp.trim().replace(re[t.STAR], '')
+}
+
+const replaceGTE0 = (comp, options) => {
+  debug('replaceGTE0', comp, options)
+  return comp.trim()
+    .replace(re[options.includePrerelease ? t.GTE0PRE : t.GTE0], '')
+}
+
+// This function is passed to string.replace(re[t.HYPHENRANGE])
+// M, m, patch, prerelease, build
+// 1.2 - 3.4.5 => >=1.2.0 <=3.4.5
+// 1.2.3 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0-0 Any 3.4.x will do
+// 1.2 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0-0
+const hyphenReplace = incPr => ($0,
+  from, fM, fm, fp, fpr, fb,
+  to, tM, tm, tp, tpr, tb) => {
+  if (isX(fM)) {
+    from = ''
+  } else if (isX(fm)) {
+    from = `>=${fM}.0.0${incPr ? '-0' : ''}`
+  } else if (isX(fp)) {
+    from = `>=${fM}.${fm}.0${incPr ? '-0' : ''}`
+  } else if (fpr) {
+    from = `>=${from}`
+  } else {
+    from = `>=${from}${incPr ? '-0' : ''}`
+  }
+
+  if (isX(tM)) {
+    to = ''
+  } else if (isX(tm)) {
+    to = `<${+tM + 1}.0.0-0`
+  } else if (isX(tp)) {
+    to = `<${tM}.${+tm + 1}.0-0`
+  } else if (tpr) {
+    to = `<=${tM}.${tm}.${tp}-${tpr}`
+  } else if (incPr) {
+    to = `<${tM}.${tm}.${+tp + 1}-0`
+  } else {
+    to = `<=${to}`
+  }
+
+  return (`${from} ${to}`).trim()
+}
+
+const testSet = (set, version, options) => {
+  for (let i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+    if (!set[i].test(version)) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (version.prerelease.length && !options.includePrerelease) {
+    // Find the set of versions that are allowed to have prereleases
+    // For example, ^1.2.3-pr.1 desugars to >=1.2.3-pr.1 <2.0.0
+    // That should allow `1.2.3-pr.2` to pass.
+    // However, `1.2.4-alpha.notready` should NOT be allowed,
+    // even though it's within the range set by the comparators.
+    for (let i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+      debug(set[i].semver)
+      if (set[i].semver === Comparator.ANY) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      if (set[i].semver.prerelease.length > 0) {
+        const allowed = set[i].semver
+        if (allowed.major === version.major &&
+            allowed.minor === version.minor &&
+            allowed.patch === version.patch) {
+          return true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Version has a -pre, but it's not one of the ones we like.
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/semver.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/semver.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed81a7ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/classes/semver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+const debug = require('../internal/debug')
+const { MAX_LENGTH, MAX_SAFE_INTEGER } = require('../internal/constants')
+const { re, t } = require('../internal/re')
+
+const parseOptions = require('../internal/parse-options')
+const { compareIdentifiers } = require('../internal/identifiers')
+class SemVer {
+  constructor (version, options) {
+    options = parseOptions(options)
+
+    if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+      if (version.loose === !!options.loose &&
+          version.includePrerelease === !!options.includePrerelease) {
+        return version
+      } else {
+        version = version.version
+      }
+    } else if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+      throw new TypeError(`Invalid Version: ${version}`)
+    }
+
+    if (version.length > MAX_LENGTH) {
+      throw new TypeError(
+        `version is longer than ${MAX_LENGTH} characters`
+      )
+    }
+
+    debug('SemVer', version, options)
+    this.options = options
+    this.loose = !!options.loose
+    // this isn't actually relevant for versions, but keep it so that we
+    // don't run into trouble passing this.options around.
+    this.includePrerelease = !!options.includePrerelease
+
+    const m = version.trim().match(options.loose ? re[t.LOOSE] : re[t.FULL])
+
+    if (!m) {
+      throw new TypeError(`Invalid Version: ${version}`)
+    }
+
+    this.raw = version
+
+    // these are actually numbers
+    this.major = +m[1]
+    this.minor = +m[2]
+    this.patch = +m[3]
+
+    if (this.major > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.major < 0) {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid major version')
+    }
+
+    if (this.minor > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.minor < 0) {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid minor version')
+    }
+
+    if (this.patch > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.patch < 0) {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid patch version')
+    }
+
+    // numberify any prerelease numeric ids
+    if (!m[4]) {
+      this.prerelease = []
+    } else {
+      this.prerelease = m[4].split('.').map((id) => {
+        if (/^[0-9]+$/.test(id)) {
+          const num = +id
+          if (num >= 0 && num < MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+            return num
+          }
+        }
+        return id
+      })
+    }
+
+    this.build = m[5] ? m[5].split('.') : []
+    this.format()
+  }
+
+  format () {
+    this.version = `${this.major}.${this.minor}.${this.patch}`
+    if (this.prerelease.length) {
+      this.version += `-${this.prerelease.join('.')}`
+    }
+    return this.version
+  }
+
+  toString () {
+    return this.version
+  }
+
+  compare (other) {
+    debug('SemVer.compare', this.version, this.options, other)
+    if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+      if (typeof other === 'string' && other === this.version) {
+        return 0
+      }
+      other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+    }
+
+    if (other.version === this.version) {
+      return 0
+    }
+
+    return this.compareMain(other) || this.comparePre(other)
+  }
+
+  compareMain (other) {
+    if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+      other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+    }
+
+    return (
+      compareIdentifiers(this.major, other.major) ||
+      compareIdentifiers(this.minor, other.minor) ||
+      compareIdentifiers(this.patch, other.patch)
+    )
+  }
+
+  comparePre (other) {
+    if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+      other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+    }
+
+    // NOT having a prerelease is > having one
+    if (this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length) {
+      return -1
+    } else if (!this.prerelease.length && other.prerelease.length) {
+      return 1
+    } else if (!this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length) {
+      return 0
+    }
+
+    let i = 0
+    do {
+      const a = this.prerelease[i]
+      const b = other.prerelease[i]
+      debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b)
+      if (a === undefined && b === undefined) {
+        return 0
+      } else if (b === undefined) {
+        return 1
+      } else if (a === undefined) {
+        return -1
+      } else if (a === b) {
+        continue
+      } else {
+        return compareIdentifiers(a, b)
+      }
+    } while (++i)
+  }
+
+  compareBuild (other) {
+    if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+      other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+    }
+
+    let i = 0
+    do {
+      const a = this.build[i]
+      const b = other.build[i]
+      debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b)
+      if (a === undefined && b === undefined) {
+        return 0
+      } else if (b === undefined) {
+        return 1
+      } else if (a === undefined) {
+        return -1
+      } else if (a === b) {
+        continue
+      } else {
+        return compareIdentifiers(a, b)
+      }
+    } while (++i)
+  }
+
+  // preminor will bump the version up to the next minor release, and immediately
+  // down to pre-release. premajor and prepatch work the same way.
+  inc (release, identifier) {
+    switch (release) {
+      case 'premajor':
+        this.prerelease.length = 0
+        this.patch = 0
+        this.minor = 0
+        this.major++
+        this.inc('pre', identifier)
+        break
+      case 'preminor':
+        this.prerelease.length = 0
+        this.patch = 0
+        this.minor++
+        this.inc('pre', identifier)
+        break
+      case 'prepatch':
+        // If this is already a prerelease, it will bump to the next version
+        // drop any prereleases that might already exist, since they are not
+        // relevant at this point.
+        this.prerelease.length = 0
+        this.inc('patch', identifier)
+        this.inc('pre', identifier)
+        break
+      // If the input is a non-prerelease version, this acts the same as
+      // prepatch.
+      case 'prerelease':
+        if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+          this.inc('patch', identifier)
+        }
+        this.inc('pre', identifier)
+        break
+
+      case 'major':
+        // If this is a pre-major version, bump up to the same major version.
+        // Otherwise increment major.
+        // 1.0.0-5 bumps to 1.0.0
+        // 1.1.0 bumps to 2.0.0
+        if (
+          this.minor !== 0 ||
+          this.patch !== 0 ||
+          this.prerelease.length === 0
+        ) {
+          this.major++
+        }
+        this.minor = 0
+        this.patch = 0
+        this.prerelease = []
+        break
+      case 'minor':
+        // If this is a pre-minor version, bump up to the same minor version.
+        // Otherwise increment minor.
+        // 1.2.0-5 bumps to 1.2.0
+        // 1.2.1 bumps to 1.3.0
+        if (this.patch !== 0 || this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+          this.minor++
+        }
+        this.patch = 0
+        this.prerelease = []
+        break
+      case 'patch':
+        // If this is not a pre-release version, it will increment the patch.
+        // If it is a pre-release it will bump up to the same patch version.
+        // 1.2.0-5 patches to 1.2.0
+        // 1.2.0 patches to 1.2.1
+        if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+          this.patch++
+        }
+        this.prerelease = []
+        break
+      // This probably shouldn't be used publicly.
+      // 1.0.0 'pre' would become 1.0.0-0 which is the wrong direction.
+      case 'pre':
+        if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+          this.prerelease = [0]
+        } else {
+          let i = this.prerelease.length
+          while (--i >= 0) {
+            if (typeof this.prerelease[i] === 'number') {
+              this.prerelease[i]++
+              i = -2
+            }
+          }
+          if (i === -1) {
+            // didn't increment anything
+            this.prerelease.push(0)
+          }
+        }
+        if (identifier) {
+          // 1.2.0-beta.1 bumps to 1.2.0-beta.2,
+          // 1.2.0-beta.fooblz or 1.2.0-beta bumps to 1.2.0-beta.0
+          if (this.prerelease[0] === identifier) {
+            if (isNaN(this.prerelease[1])) {
+              this.prerelease = [identifier, 0]
+            }
+          } else {
+            this.prerelease = [identifier, 0]
+          }
+        }
+        break
+
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`invalid increment argument: ${release}`)
+    }
+    this.format()
+    this.raw = this.version
+    return this
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = SemVer
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/clean.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/clean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..811fe6b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/clean.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+const parse = require('./parse')
+const clean = (version, options) => {
+  const s = parse(version.trim().replace(/^[=v]+/, ''), options)
+  return s ? s.version : null
+}
+module.exports = clean
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/cmp.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/cmp.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b89db779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/cmp.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+const eq = require('./eq')
+const neq = require('./neq')
+const gt = require('./gt')
+const gte = require('./gte')
+const lt = require('./lt')
+const lte = require('./lte')
+
+const cmp = (a, op, b, loose) => {
+  switch (op) {
+    case '===':
+      if (typeof a === 'object')
+        a = a.version
+      if (typeof b === 'object')
+        b = b.version
+      return a === b
+
+    case '!==':
+      if (typeof a === 'object')
+        a = a.version
+      if (typeof b === 'object')
+        b = b.version
+      return a !== b
+
+    case '':
+    case '=':
+    case '==':
+      return eq(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '!=':
+      return neq(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '>':
+      return gt(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '>=':
+      return gte(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '<':
+      return lt(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '<=':
+      return lte(a, b, loose)
+
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError(`Invalid operator: ${op}`)
+  }
+}
+module.exports = cmp
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/coerce.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/coerce.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..106ca71c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/coerce.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const parse = require('./parse')
+const {re, t} = require('../internal/re')
+
+const coerce = (version, options) => {
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    return version
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version === 'number') {
+    version = String(version)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  options = options || {}
+
+  let match = null
+  if (!options.rtl) {
+    match = version.match(re[t.COERCE])
+  } else {
+    // Find the right-most coercible string that does not share
+    // a terminus with a more left-ward coercible string.
+    // Eg, '1.2.3.4' wants to coerce '2.3.4', not '3.4' or '4'
+    //
+    // Walk through the string checking with a /g regexp
+    // Manually set the index so as to pick up overlapping matches.
+    // Stop when we get a match that ends at the string end, since no
+    // coercible string can be more right-ward without the same terminus.
+    let next
+    while ((next = re[t.COERCERTL].exec(version)) &&
+        (!match || match.index + match[0].length !== version.length)
+    ) {
+      if (!match ||
+            next.index + next[0].length !== match.index + match[0].length) {
+        match = next
+      }
+      re[t.COERCERTL].lastIndex = next.index + next[1].length + next[2].length
+    }
+    // leave it in a clean state
+    re[t.COERCERTL].lastIndex = -1
+  }
+
+  if (match === null)
+    return null
+
+  return parse(`${match[2]}.${match[3] || '0'}.${match[4] || '0'}`, options)
+}
+module.exports = coerce
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare-build.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare-build.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eb881bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare-build.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const compareBuild = (a, b, loose) => {
+  const versionA = new SemVer(a, loose)
+  const versionB = new SemVer(b, loose)
+  return versionA.compare(versionB) || versionA.compareBuild(versionB)
+}
+module.exports = compareBuild
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare-loose.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare-loose.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4881fbe00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare-loose.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const compareLoose = (a, b) => compare(a, b, true)
+module.exports = compareLoose
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..748b7afa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/compare.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const compare = (a, b, loose) =>
+  new SemVer(a, loose).compare(new SemVer(b, loose))
+
+module.exports = compare
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/diff.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/diff.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87200ef3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/diff.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const parse = require('./parse')
+const eq = require('./eq')
+
+const diff = (version1, version2) => {
+  if (eq(version1, version2)) {
+    return null
+  } else {
+    const v1 = parse(version1)
+    const v2 = parse(version2)
+    const hasPre = v1.prerelease.length || v2.prerelease.length
+    const prefix = hasPre ? 'pre' : ''
+    const defaultResult = hasPre ? 'prerelease' : ''
+    for (const key in v1) {
+      if (key === 'major' || key === 'minor' || key === 'patch') {
+        if (v1[key] !== v2[key]) {
+          return prefix + key
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return defaultResult // may be undefined
+  }
+}
+module.exports = diff
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/eq.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/eq.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..271fed976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/eq.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const eq = (a, b, loose) => compare(a, b, loose) === 0
+module.exports = eq
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/gt.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/gt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9b2156d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/gt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const gt = (a, b, loose) => compare(a, b, loose) > 0
+module.exports = gt
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/gte.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/gte.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5aeaa6347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/gte.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const gte = (a, b, loose) => compare(a, b, loose) >= 0
+module.exports = gte
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/inc.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/inc.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa4d83ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/inc.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+
+const inc = (version, release, options, identifier) => {
+  if (typeof (options) === 'string') {
+    identifier = options
+    options = undefined
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, options).inc(release, identifier).version
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+module.exports = inc
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/lt.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/lt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b440ab7d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/lt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const lt = (a, b, loose) => compare(a, b, loose) < 0
+module.exports = lt
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/lte.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/lte.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dcc95650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/lte.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const lte = (a, b, loose) => compare(a, b, loose) <= 0
+module.exports = lte
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/major.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/major.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4283165e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/major.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const major = (a, loose) => new SemVer(a, loose).major
+module.exports = major
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/minor.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/minor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57b3455f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/minor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const minor = (a, loose) => new SemVer(a, loose).minor
+module.exports = minor
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/neq.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/neq.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f944c0157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/neq.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const neq = (a, b, loose) => compare(a, b, loose) !== 0
+module.exports = neq
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/parse.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11f20f037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+const {MAX_LENGTH} = require('../internal/constants')
+const { re, t } = require('../internal/re')
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+
+const parseOptions = require('../internal/parse-options')
+const parse = (version, options) => {
+  options = parseOptions(options)
+
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    return version
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (version.length > MAX_LENGTH) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const r = options.loose ? re[t.LOOSE] : re[t.FULL]
+  if (!r.test(version)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = parse
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/patch.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/patch.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63afca252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/patch.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const patch = (a, loose) => new SemVer(a, loose).patch
+module.exports = patch
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/prerelease.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/prerelease.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06aa13248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/prerelease.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+const parse = require('./parse')
+const prerelease = (version, options) => {
+  const parsed = parse(version, options)
+  return (parsed && parsed.prerelease.length) ? parsed.prerelease : null
+}
+module.exports = prerelease
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/rcompare.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/rcompare.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ac509e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/rcompare.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compare = require('./compare')
+const rcompare = (a, b, loose) => compare(b, a, loose)
+module.exports = rcompare
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/rsort.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/rsort.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82404c5cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/rsort.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compareBuild = require('./compare-build')
+const rsort = (list, loose) => list.sort((a, b) => compareBuild(b, a, loose))
+module.exports = rsort
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/satisfies.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/satisfies.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50af1c199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/satisfies.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+const satisfies = (version, range, options) => {
+  try {
+    range = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return range.test(version)
+}
+module.exports = satisfies
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/sort.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/sort.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d10917ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/sort.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const compareBuild = require('./compare-build')
+const sort = (list, loose) => list.sort((a, b) => compareBuild(a, b, loose))
+module.exports = sort
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/valid.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/valid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f27bae107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/functions/valid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+const parse = require('./parse')
+const valid = (version, options) => {
+  const v = parse(version, options)
+  return v ? v.version : null
+}
+module.exports = valid
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/index.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57e2ae649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// just pre-load all the stuff that index.js lazily exports
+const internalRe = require('./internal/re')
+module.exports = {
+  re: internalRe.re,
+  src: internalRe.src,
+  tokens: internalRe.t,
+  SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION: require('./internal/constants').SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION,
+  SemVer: require('./classes/semver'),
+  compareIdentifiers: require('./internal/identifiers').compareIdentifiers,
+  rcompareIdentifiers: require('./internal/identifiers').rcompareIdentifiers,
+  parse: require('./functions/parse'),
+  valid: require('./functions/valid'),
+  clean: require('./functions/clean'),
+  inc: require('./functions/inc'),
+  diff: require('./functions/diff'),
+  major: require('./functions/major'),
+  minor: require('./functions/minor'),
+  patch: require('./functions/patch'),
+  prerelease: require('./functions/prerelease'),
+  compare: require('./functions/compare'),
+  rcompare: require('./functions/rcompare'),
+  compareLoose: require('./functions/compare-loose'),
+  compareBuild: require('./functions/compare-build'),
+  sort: require('./functions/sort'),
+  rsort: require('./functions/rsort'),
+  gt: require('./functions/gt'),
+  lt: require('./functions/lt'),
+  eq: require('./functions/eq'),
+  neq: require('./functions/neq'),
+  gte: require('./functions/gte'),
+  lte: require('./functions/lte'),
+  cmp: require('./functions/cmp'),
+  coerce: require('./functions/coerce'),
+  Comparator: require('./classes/comparator'),
+  Range: require('./classes/range'),
+  satisfies: require('./functions/satisfies'),
+  toComparators: require('./ranges/to-comparators'),
+  maxSatisfying: require('./ranges/max-satisfying'),
+  minSatisfying: require('./ranges/min-satisfying'),
+  minVersion: require('./ranges/min-version'),
+  validRange: require('./ranges/valid'),
+  outside: require('./ranges/outside'),
+  gtr: require('./ranges/gtr'),
+  ltr: require('./ranges/ltr'),
+  intersects: require('./ranges/intersects'),
+  simplifyRange: require('./ranges/simplify'),
+  subset: require('./ranges/subset'),
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/constants.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/constants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49df215ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/constants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Note: this is the semver.org version of the spec that it implements
+// Not necessarily the package version of this code.
+const SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION = '2.0.0'
+
+const MAX_LENGTH = 256
+const MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER ||
+  /* istanbul ignore next */ 9007199254740991
+
+// Max safe segment length for coercion.
+const MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH = 16
+
+module.exports = {
+  SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION,
+  MAX_LENGTH,
+  MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+  MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/debug.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/debug.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c00e1369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/debug.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+const debug = (
+  typeof process === 'object' &&
+  process.env &&
+  process.env.NODE_DEBUG &&
+  /\bsemver\b/i.test(process.env.NODE_DEBUG)
+) ? (...args) => console.error('SEMVER', ...args)
+  : () => {}
+
+module.exports = debug
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/identifiers.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/identifiers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed1309421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/identifiers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const numeric = /^[0-9]+$/
+const compareIdentifiers = (a, b) => {
+  const anum = numeric.test(a)
+  const bnum = numeric.test(b)
+
+  if (anum && bnum) {
+    a = +a
+    b = +b
+  }
+
+  return a === b ? 0
+    : (anum && !bnum) ? -1
+    : (bnum && !anum) ? 1
+    : a < b ? -1
+    : 1
+}
+
+const rcompareIdentifiers = (a, b) => compareIdentifiers(b, a)
+
+module.exports = {
+  compareIdentifiers,
+  rcompareIdentifiers
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/parse-options.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/parse-options.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42d2ebd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/parse-options.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// parse out just the options we care about so we always get a consistent
+// obj with keys in a consistent order.
+const opts = ['includePrerelease', 'loose', 'rtl']
+const parseOptions = options =>
+  !options ? {}
+  : typeof options !== 'object' ? { loose: true }
+  : opts.filter(k => options[k]).reduce((options, k) => {
+    options[k] = true
+    return options
+  }, {})
+module.exports = parseOptions
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/re.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/re.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54d4176de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/internal/re.js
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+const { MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH } = require('./constants')
+const debug = require('./debug')
+exports = module.exports = {}
+
+// The actual regexps go on exports.re
+const re = exports.re = []
+const src = exports.src = []
+const t = exports.t = {}
+let R = 0
+
+const createToken = (name, value, isGlobal) => {
+  const index = R++
+  debug(index, value)
+  t[name] = index
+  src[index] = value
+  re[index] = new RegExp(value, isGlobal ? 'g' : undefined)
+}
+
+// The following Regular Expressions can be used for tokenizing,
+// validating, and parsing SemVer version strings.
+
+// ## Numeric Identifier
+// A single `0`, or a non-zero digit followed by zero or more digits.
+
+createToken('NUMERICIDENTIFIER', '0|[1-9]\\d*')
+createToken('NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE', '[0-9]+')
+
+// ## Non-numeric Identifier
+// Zero or more digits, followed by a letter or hyphen, and then zero or
+// more letters, digits, or hyphens.
+
+createToken('NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER', '\\d*[a-zA-Z-][a-zA-Z0-9-]*')
+
+// ## Main Version
+// Three dot-separated numeric identifiers.
+
+createToken('MAINVERSION', `(${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER]})\\.` +
+                   `(${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER]})\\.` +
+                   `(${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER]})`)
+
+createToken('MAINVERSIONLOOSE', `(${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})\\.` +
+                        `(${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})\\.` +
+                        `(${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})`)
+
+// ## Pre-release Version Identifier
+// A numeric identifier, or a non-numeric identifier.
+
+createToken('PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER', `(?:${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER]
+}|${src[t.NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER]})`)
+
+createToken('PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE', `(?:${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE]
+}|${src[t.NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER]})`)
+
+// ## Pre-release Version
+// Hyphen, followed by one or more dot-separated pre-release version
+// identifiers.
+
+createToken('PRERELEASE', `(?:-(${src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER]
+}(?:\\.${src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER]})*))`)
+
+createToken('PRERELEASELOOSE', `(?:-?(${src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE]
+}(?:\\.${src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})*))`)
+
+// ## Build Metadata Identifier
+// Any combination of digits, letters, or hyphens.
+
+createToken('BUILDIDENTIFIER', '[0-9A-Za-z-]+')
+
+// ## Build Metadata
+// Plus sign, followed by one or more period-separated build metadata
+// identifiers.
+
+createToken('BUILD', `(?:\\+(${src[t.BUILDIDENTIFIER]
+}(?:\\.${src[t.BUILDIDENTIFIER]})*))`)
+
+// ## Full Version String
+// A main version, followed optionally by a pre-release version and
+// build metadata.
+
+// Note that the only major, minor, patch, and pre-release sections of
+// the version string are capturing groups.  The build metadata is not a
+// capturing group, because it should not ever be used in version
+// comparison.
+
+createToken('FULLPLAIN', `v?${src[t.MAINVERSION]
+}${src[t.PRERELEASE]}?${
+  src[t.BUILD]}?`)
+
+createToken('FULL', `^${src[t.FULLPLAIN]}$`)
+
+// like full, but allows v1.2.3 and =1.2.3, which people do sometimes.
+// also, 1.0.0alpha1 (prerelease without the hyphen) which is pretty
+// common in the npm registry.
+createToken('LOOSEPLAIN', `[v=\\s]*${src[t.MAINVERSIONLOOSE]
+}${src[t.PRERELEASELOOSE]}?${
+  src[t.BUILD]}?`)
+
+createToken('LOOSE', `^${src[t.LOOSEPLAIN]}$`)
+
+createToken('GTLT', '((?:<|>)?=?)')
+
+// Something like "2.*" or "1.2.x".
+// Note that "x.x" is a valid xRange identifer, meaning "any version"
+// Only the first item is strictly required.
+createToken('XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE', `${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE]}|x|X|\\*`)
+createToken('XRANGEIDENTIFIER', `${src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER]}|x|X|\\*`)
+
+createToken('XRANGEPLAIN', `[v=\\s]*(${src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER]})` +
+                   `(?:\\.(${src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER]})` +
+                   `(?:\\.(${src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER]})` +
+                   `(?:${src[t.PRERELEASE]})?${
+                     src[t.BUILD]}?` +
+                   `)?)?`)
+
+createToken('XRANGEPLAINLOOSE', `[v=\\s]*(${src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})` +
+                        `(?:\\.(${src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})` +
+                        `(?:\\.(${src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE]})` +
+                        `(?:${src[t.PRERELEASELOOSE]})?${
+                          src[t.BUILD]}?` +
+                        `)?)?`)
+
+createToken('XRANGE', `^${src[t.GTLT]}\\s*${src[t.XRANGEPLAIN]}$`)
+createToken('XRANGELOOSE', `^${src[t.GTLT]}\\s*${src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE]}$`)
+
+// Coercion.
+// Extract anything that could conceivably be a part of a valid semver
+createToken('COERCE', `${'(^|[^\\d])' +
+              '(\\d{1,'}${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}})` +
+              `(?:\\.(\\d{1,${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}}))?` +
+              `(?:\\.(\\d{1,${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}}))?` +
+              `(?:$|[^\\d])`)
+createToken('COERCERTL', src[t.COERCE], true)
+
+// Tilde ranges.
+// Meaning is "reasonably at or greater than"
+createToken('LONETILDE', '(?:~>?)')
+
+createToken('TILDETRIM', `(\\s*)${src[t.LONETILDE]}\\s+`, true)
+exports.tildeTrimReplace = '$1~'
+
+createToken('TILDE', `^${src[t.LONETILDE]}${src[t.XRANGEPLAIN]}$`)
+createToken('TILDELOOSE', `^${src[t.LONETILDE]}${src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE]}$`)
+
+// Caret ranges.
+// Meaning is "at least and backwards compatible with"
+createToken('LONECARET', '(?:\\^)')
+
+createToken('CARETTRIM', `(\\s*)${src[t.LONECARET]}\\s+`, true)
+exports.caretTrimReplace = '$1^'
+
+createToken('CARET', `^${src[t.LONECARET]}${src[t.XRANGEPLAIN]}$`)
+createToken('CARETLOOSE', `^${src[t.LONECARET]}${src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE]}$`)
+
+// A simple gt/lt/eq thing, or just "" to indicate "any version"
+createToken('COMPARATORLOOSE', `^${src[t.GTLT]}\\s*(${src[t.LOOSEPLAIN]})$|^$`)
+createToken('COMPARATOR', `^${src[t.GTLT]}\\s*(${src[t.FULLPLAIN]})$|^$`)
+
+// An expression to strip any whitespace between the gtlt and the thing
+// it modifies, so that `> 1.2.3` ==> `>1.2.3`
+createToken('COMPARATORTRIM', `(\\s*)${src[t.GTLT]
+}\\s*(${src[t.LOOSEPLAIN]}|${src[t.XRANGEPLAIN]})`, true)
+exports.comparatorTrimReplace = '$1$2$3'
+
+// Something like `1.2.3 - 1.2.4`
+// Note that these all use the loose form, because they'll be
+// checked against either the strict or loose comparator form
+// later.
+createToken('HYPHENRANGE', `^\\s*(${src[t.XRANGEPLAIN]})` +
+                   `\\s+-\\s+` +
+                   `(${src[t.XRANGEPLAIN]})` +
+                   `\\s*$`)
+
+createToken('HYPHENRANGELOOSE', `^\\s*(${src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE]})` +
+                        `\\s+-\\s+` +
+                        `(${src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE]})` +
+                        `\\s*$`)
+
+// Star ranges basically just allow anything at all.
+createToken('STAR', '(<|>)?=?\\s*\\*')
+// >=0.0.0 is like a star
+createToken('GTE0', '^\\s*>=\\s*0\.0\.0\\s*$')
+createToken('GTE0PRE', '^\\s*>=\\s*0\.0\.0-0\\s*$')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/package.json b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c636a574f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "_from": "semver@^7.3.4",
+  "_id": "semver@7.3.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-PoeGJYh8HK4BTO/a9Tf6ZG3veo/A7ZVsYrSA6J8ny9nb3B1VrpkuN+z9OE5wfE5p6H4LchYZsegiQgbJD94ZFQ==",
+  "_location": "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/semver",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "semver@^7.3.4",
+    "name": "semver",
+    "escapedName": "semver",
+    "rawSpec": "^7.3.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^7.3.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.3.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "0b621c879348d8998e4b0e4be94b3f12e6018ef7",
+  "_spec": "semver@^7.3.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "bin": {
+    "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "lru-cache": "^6.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The semantic version parser used by npm.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^14.10.7"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "bin/**/*.js",
+    "range.bnf",
+    "classes/**/*.js",
+    "functions/**/*.js",
+    "internal/**/*.js",
+    "ranges/**/*.js",
+    "index.js",
+    "preload.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "semver",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/node-semver.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "snap": "tap",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true,
+    "coverage-map": "map.js"
+  },
+  "version": "7.3.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/preload.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/preload.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..947cd4f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/preload.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// XXX remove in v8 or beyond
+module.exports = require('./index.js')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/range.bnf b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/range.bnf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4c6ae0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/range.bnf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | [1-9] ( [0-9] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/gtr.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/gtr.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db7e35599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/gtr.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Determine if version is greater than all the versions possible in the range.
+const outside = require('./outside')
+const gtr = (version, range, options) => outside(version, range, '>', options)
+module.exports = gtr
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/intersects.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/intersects.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d1a6f31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/intersects.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+const intersects = (r1, r2, options) => {
+  r1 = new Range(r1, options)
+  r2 = new Range(r2, options)
+  return r1.intersects(r2)
+}
+module.exports = intersects
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/ltr.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/ltr.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..528a885eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/ltr.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+const outside = require('./outside')
+// Determine if version is less than all the versions possible in the range
+const ltr = (version, range, options) => outside(version, range, '<', options)
+module.exports = ltr
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/max-satisfying.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/max-satisfying.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e3d993c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/max-satisfying.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+
+const maxSatisfying = (versions, range, options) => {
+  let max = null
+  let maxSV = null
+  let rangeObj = null
+  try {
+    rangeObj = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+  versions.forEach((v) => {
+    if (rangeObj.test(v)) {
+      // satisfies(v, range, options)
+      if (!max || maxSV.compare(v) === -1) {
+        // compare(max, v, true)
+        max = v
+        maxSV = new SemVer(max, options)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return max
+}
+module.exports = maxSatisfying
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/min-satisfying.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/min-satisfying.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b60974e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/min-satisfying.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+const minSatisfying = (versions, range, options) => {
+  let min = null
+  let minSV = null
+  let rangeObj = null
+  try {
+    rangeObj = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+  versions.forEach((v) => {
+    if (rangeObj.test(v)) {
+      // satisfies(v, range, options)
+      if (!min || minSV.compare(v) === 1) {
+        // compare(min, v, true)
+        min = v
+        minSV = new SemVer(min, options)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return min
+}
+module.exports = minSatisfying
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/min-version.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/min-version.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fac41291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/min-version.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+const gt = require('../functions/gt')
+
+const minVersion = (range, loose) => {
+  range = new Range(range, loose)
+
+  let minver = new SemVer('0.0.0')
+  if (range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  minver = new SemVer('0.0.0-0')
+  if (range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  minver = null
+  for (let i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    const comparators = range.set[i]
+
+    let setMin = null
+    comparators.forEach((comparator) => {
+      // Clone to avoid manipulating the comparator's semver object.
+      const compver = new SemVer(comparator.semver.version)
+      switch (comparator.operator) {
+        case '>':
+          if (compver.prerelease.length === 0) {
+            compver.patch++
+          } else {
+            compver.prerelease.push(0)
+          }
+          compver.raw = compver.format()
+          /* fallthrough */
+        case '':
+        case '>=':
+          if (!setMin || gt(compver, setMin)) {
+            setMin = compver
+          }
+          break
+        case '<':
+        case '<=':
+          /* Ignore maximum versions */
+          break
+        /* istanbul ignore next */
+        default:
+          throw new Error(`Unexpected operation: ${comparator.operator}`)
+      }
+    })
+    if (setMin && (!minver || gt(minver, setMin)))
+      minver = setMin
+  }
+
+  if (minver && range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+module.exports = minVersion
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/outside.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/outside.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a4b0a13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/outside.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const Comparator = require('../classes/comparator')
+const {ANY} = Comparator
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+const satisfies = require('../functions/satisfies')
+const gt = require('../functions/gt')
+const lt = require('../functions/lt')
+const lte = require('../functions/lte')
+const gte = require('../functions/gte')
+
+const outside = (version, range, hilo, options) => {
+  version = new SemVer(version, options)
+  range = new Range(range, options)
+
+  let gtfn, ltefn, ltfn, comp, ecomp
+  switch (hilo) {
+    case '>':
+      gtfn = gt
+      ltefn = lte
+      ltfn = lt
+      comp = '>'
+      ecomp = '>='
+      break
+    case '<':
+      gtfn = lt
+      ltefn = gte
+      ltfn = gt
+      comp = '<'
+      ecomp = '<='
+      break
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('Must provide a hilo val of "<" or ">"')
+  }
+
+  // If it satisfies the range it is not outside
+  if (satisfies(version, range, options)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // From now on, variable terms are as if we're in "gtr" mode.
+  // but note that everything is flipped for the "ltr" function.
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    const comparators = range.set[i]
+
+    let high = null
+    let low = null
+
+    comparators.forEach((comparator) => {
+      if (comparator.semver === ANY) {
+        comparator = new Comparator('>=0.0.0')
+      }
+      high = high || comparator
+      low = low || comparator
+      if (gtfn(comparator.semver, high.semver, options)) {
+        high = comparator
+      } else if (ltfn(comparator.semver, low.semver, options)) {
+        low = comparator
+      }
+    })
+
+    // If the edge version comparator has a operator then our version
+    // isn't outside it
+    if (high.operator === comp || high.operator === ecomp) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    // If the lowest version comparator has an operator and our version
+    // is less than it then it isn't higher than the range
+    if ((!low.operator || low.operator === comp) &&
+        ltefn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false
+    } else if (low.operator === ecomp && ltfn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+module.exports = outside
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/simplify.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/simplify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b792f9729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/simplify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// given a set of versions and a range, create a "simplified" range
+// that includes the same versions that the original range does
+// If the original range is shorter than the simplified one, return that.
+const satisfies = require('../functions/satisfies.js')
+const compare = require('../functions/compare.js')
+module.exports = (versions, range, options) => {
+  const set = []
+  let min = null
+  let prev = null
+  const v = versions.sort((a, b) => compare(a, b, options))
+  for (const version of v) {
+    const included = satisfies(version, range, options)
+    if (included) {
+      prev = version
+      if (!min)
+        min = version
+    } else {
+      if (prev) {
+        set.push([min, prev])
+      }
+      prev = null
+      min = null
+    }
+  }
+  if (min)
+    set.push([min, null])
+
+  const ranges = []
+  for (const [min, max] of set) {
+    if (min === max)
+      ranges.push(min)
+    else if (!max && min === v[0])
+      ranges.push('*')
+    else if (!max)
+      ranges.push(`>=${min}`)
+    else if (min === v[0])
+      ranges.push(`<=${max}`)
+    else
+      ranges.push(`${min} - ${max}`)
+  }
+  const simplified = ranges.join(' || ')
+  const original = typeof range.raw === 'string' ? range.raw : String(range)
+  return simplified.length < original.length ? simplified : range
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/subset.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/subset.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..532fd1364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/subset.js
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+const Range = require('../classes/range.js')
+const Comparator = require('../classes/comparator.js')
+const { ANY } = Comparator
+const satisfies = require('../functions/satisfies.js')
+const compare = require('../functions/compare.js')
+
+// Complex range `r1 || r2 || ...` is a subset of `R1 || R2 || ...` iff:
+// - Every simple range `r1, r2, ...` is a null set, OR
+// - Every simple range `r1, r2, ...` which is not a null set is a subset of
+//   some `R1, R2, ...`
+//
+// Simple range `c1 c2 ...` is a subset of simple range `C1 C2 ...` iff:
+// - If c is only the ANY comparator
+//   - If C is only the ANY comparator, return true
+//   - Else if in prerelease mode, return false
+//   - else replace c with `[>=0.0.0]`
+// - If C is only the ANY comparator
+//   - if in prerelease mode, return true
+//   - else replace C with `[>=0.0.0]`
+// - Let EQ be the set of = comparators in c
+// - If EQ is more than one, return true (null set)
+// - Let GT be the highest > or >= comparator in c
+// - Let LT be the lowest < or <= comparator in c
+// - If GT and LT, and GT.semver > LT.semver, return true (null set)
+// - If any C is a = range, and GT or LT are set, return false
+// - If EQ
+//   - If GT, and EQ does not satisfy GT, return true (null set)
+//   - If LT, and EQ does not satisfy LT, return true (null set)
+//   - If EQ satisfies every C, return true
+//   - Else return false
+// - If GT
+//   - If GT.semver is lower than any > or >= comp in C, return false
+//   - If GT is >=, and GT.semver does not satisfy every C, return false
+//   - If GT.semver has a prerelease, and not in prerelease mode
+//     - If no C has a prerelease and the GT.semver tuple, return false
+// - If LT
+//   - If LT.semver is greater than any < or <= comp in C, return false
+//   - If LT is <=, and LT.semver does not satisfy every C, return false
+//   - If GT.semver has a prerelease, and not in prerelease mode
+//     - If no C has a prerelease and the LT.semver tuple, return false
+// - Else return true
+
+const subset = (sub, dom, options = {}) => {
+  if (sub === dom)
+    return true
+
+  sub = new Range(sub, options)
+  dom = new Range(dom, options)
+  let sawNonNull = false
+
+  OUTER: for (const simpleSub of sub.set) {
+    for (const simpleDom of dom.set) {
+      const isSub = simpleSubset(simpleSub, simpleDom, options)
+      sawNonNull = sawNonNull || isSub !== null
+      if (isSub)
+        continue OUTER
+    }
+    // the null set is a subset of everything, but null simple ranges in
+    // a complex range should be ignored.  so if we saw a non-null range,
+    // then we know this isn't a subset, but if EVERY simple range was null,
+    // then it is a subset.
+    if (sawNonNull)
+      return false
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+const simpleSubset = (sub, dom, options) => {
+  if (sub === dom)
+    return true
+
+  if (sub.length === 1 && sub[0].semver === ANY) {
+    if (dom.length === 1 && dom[0].semver === ANY)
+      return true
+    else if (options.includePrerelease)
+      sub = [ new Comparator('>=0.0.0-0') ]
+    else
+      sub = [ new Comparator('>=0.0.0') ]
+  }
+
+  if (dom.length === 1 && dom[0].semver === ANY) {
+    if (options.includePrerelease)
+      return true
+    else
+      dom = [ new Comparator('>=0.0.0') ]
+  }
+
+  const eqSet = new Set()
+  let gt, lt
+  for (const c of sub) {
+    if (c.operator === '>' || c.operator === '>=')
+      gt = higherGT(gt, c, options)
+    else if (c.operator === '<' || c.operator === '<=')
+      lt = lowerLT(lt, c, options)
+    else
+      eqSet.add(c.semver)
+  }
+
+  if (eqSet.size > 1)
+    return null
+
+  let gtltComp
+  if (gt && lt) {
+    gtltComp = compare(gt.semver, lt.semver, options)
+    if (gtltComp > 0)
+      return null
+    else if (gtltComp === 0 && (gt.operator !== '>=' || lt.operator !== '<='))
+      return null
+  }
+
+  // will iterate one or zero times
+  for (const eq of eqSet) {
+    if (gt && !satisfies(eq, String(gt), options))
+      return null
+
+    if (lt && !satisfies(eq, String(lt), options))
+      return null
+
+    for (const c of dom) {
+      if (!satisfies(eq, String(c), options))
+        return false
+    }
+
+    return true
+  }
+
+  let higher, lower
+  let hasDomLT, hasDomGT
+  // if the subset has a prerelease, we need a comparator in the superset
+  // with the same tuple and a prerelease, or it's not a subset
+  let needDomLTPre = lt &&
+    !options.includePrerelease &&
+    lt.semver.prerelease.length ? lt.semver : false
+  let needDomGTPre = gt &&
+    !options.includePrerelease &&
+    gt.semver.prerelease.length ? gt.semver : false
+  // exception: <1.2.3-0 is the same as <1.2.3
+  if (needDomLTPre && needDomLTPre.prerelease.length === 1 &&
+      lt.operator === '<' && needDomLTPre.prerelease[0] === 0) {
+    needDomLTPre = false
+  }
+
+  for (const c of dom) {
+    hasDomGT = hasDomGT || c.operator === '>' || c.operator === '>='
+    hasDomLT = hasDomLT || c.operator === '<' || c.operator === '<='
+    if (gt) {
+      if (needDomGTPre) {
+        if (c.semver.prerelease && c.semver.prerelease.length &&
+            c.semver.major === needDomGTPre.major &&
+            c.semver.minor === needDomGTPre.minor &&
+            c.semver.patch === needDomGTPre.patch) {
+          needDomGTPre = false
+        }
+      }
+      if (c.operator === '>' || c.operator === '>=') {
+        higher = higherGT(gt, c, options)
+        if (higher === c && higher !== gt)
+          return false
+      } else if (gt.operator === '>=' && !satisfies(gt.semver, String(c), options))
+        return false
+    }
+    if (lt) {
+      if (needDomLTPre) {
+        if (c.semver.prerelease && c.semver.prerelease.length &&
+            c.semver.major === needDomLTPre.major &&
+            c.semver.minor === needDomLTPre.minor &&
+            c.semver.patch === needDomLTPre.patch) {
+          needDomLTPre = false
+        }
+      }
+      if (c.operator === '<' || c.operator === '<=') {
+        lower = lowerLT(lt, c, options)
+        if (lower === c && lower !== lt)
+          return false
+      } else if (lt.operator === '<=' && !satisfies(lt.semver, String(c), options))
+        return false
+    }
+    if (!c.operator && (lt || gt) && gtltComp !== 0)
+      return false
+  }
+
+  // if there was a < or >, and nothing in the dom, then must be false
+  // UNLESS it was limited by another range in the other direction.
+  // Eg, >1.0.0 <1.0.1 is still a subset of <2.0.0
+  if (gt && hasDomLT && !lt && gtltComp !== 0)
+    return false
+
+  if (lt && hasDomGT && !gt && gtltComp !== 0)
+    return false
+
+  // we needed a prerelease range in a specific tuple, but didn't get one
+  // then this isn't a subset.  eg >=1.2.3-pre is not a subset of >=1.0.0,
+  // because it includes prereleases in the 1.2.3 tuple
+  if (needDomGTPre || needDomLTPre)
+    return false
+
+  return true
+}
+
+// >=1.2.3 is lower than >1.2.3
+const higherGT = (a, b, options) => {
+  if (!a)
+    return b
+  const comp = compare(a.semver, b.semver, options)
+  return comp > 0 ? a
+    : comp < 0 ? b
+    : b.operator === '>' && a.operator === '>=' ? b
+    : a
+}
+
+// <=1.2.3 is higher than <1.2.3
+const lowerLT = (a, b, options) => {
+  if (!a)
+    return b
+  const comp = compare(a.semver, b.semver, options)
+  return comp < 0 ? a
+    : comp > 0 ? b
+    : b.operator === '<' && a.operator === '<=' ? b
+    : a
+}
+
+module.exports = subset
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/to-comparators.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/to-comparators.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c8bc7e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/to-comparators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+
+// Mostly just for testing and legacy API reasons
+const toComparators = (range, options) =>
+  new Range(range, options).set
+    .map(comp => comp.map(c => c.value).join(' ').trim().split(' '))
+
+module.exports = toComparators
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/valid.js b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/valid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..365f35689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/semver/ranges/valid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const Range = require('../classes/range')
+const validRange = (range, options) => {
+  try {
+    // Return '*' instead of '' so that truthiness works.
+    // This will throw if it's invalid anyway
+    return new Range(range, options).range || '*'
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+module.exports = validRange
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/package.json b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..850752b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+{
+  "_from": "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp@1.0.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-4srsKPXWlIxp5Vbqz5uLfBN+du2fJChBoYn/f2h991WLdk7jUvcSk/McVLSv/X+xQIPI8eGD5GjrnygdyHnhPA==",
+  "_location": "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp",
+  "_phantomChildren": {
+    "lru-cache": "6.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp",
+    "escapedName": "@mapbox%2fnode-pre-gyp",
+    "scope": "@mapbox",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/bcrypt"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/-/node-pre-gyp-1.0.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2a0b32fcb416fb3f2250fd24cb2a81421a4f5950",
+  "_spec": "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\bcrypt",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Dane Springmeyer",
+    "email": "dane@mapbox.com"
+  },
+  "bin": {
+    "node-pre-gyp": "bin/node-pre-gyp"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
+    "https-proxy-agent": "^5.0.0",
+    "make-dir": "^3.1.0",
+    "node-fetch": "^2.6.1",
+    "nopt": "^5.0.0",
+    "npmlog": "^4.1.2",
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
+    "semver": "^7.3.4",
+    "tar": "^6.1.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js native addon binary install tool",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@mapbox/cloudfriend": "^4.6.0",
+    "@mapbox/eslint-config-mapbox": "^3.0.0",
+    "action-walk": "^2.2.0",
+    "aws-sdk": "^2.840.0",
+    "codecov": "^3.8.1",
+    "eslint": "^7.18.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0",
+    "mock-aws-s3": "^4.0.1",
+    "nock": "^12.0.3",
+    "node-addon-api": "^3.1.0",
+    "nyc": "^15.1.0",
+    "tape": "^5.2.2",
+    "tar-fs": "^2.1.1"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "native",
+    "addon",
+    "module",
+    "c",
+    "c++",
+    "bindings",
+    "binary"
+  ],
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "main": "./lib/node-pre-gyp.js",
+  "name": "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp",
+  "nyc": {
+    "all": true,
+    "skip-full": false,
+    "exclude": [
+      "test/**"
+    ]
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/mapbox/node-pre-gyp.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "nyc --all --include index.js --include lib/ npm test",
+    "fix": "npm run lint -- --fix",
+    "lint": "eslint bin/node-pre-gyp lib/*js lib/util/*js test/*js scripts/*js",
+    "test": "tape test/*test.js",
+    "update-crosswalk": "node scripts/abi_crosswalk.js",
+    "upload-coverage": "nyc report --reporter json && codecov --clear --flags=unit --file=./coverage/coverage-final.json"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e841e7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+    MIT License
+
+    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/README.md b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76c3eedd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Installation
+> `npm install --save @types/bson`
+
+# Summary
+This package contains type definitions for bson (https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson).
+
+# Details
+Files were exported from https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types/bson.
+
+### Additional Details
+ * Last updated: Tue, 20 Oct 2020 02:03:19 GMT
+ * Dependencies: [@types/node](https://npmjs.com/package/@types/node)
+ * Global values: none
+
+# Credits
+These definitions were written by [Hiroki Horiuchi](https://github.com/horiuchi), [Federico Caselli](https://github.com/CaselIT), [Justin Grant](https://github.com/justingrant), and [Mikael Lirbank](https://github.com/lirbank).
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f781acd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+// Type definitions for bson 4.0
+// Project: https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson
+// Definitions by: Hiroki Horiuchi <https://github.com/horiuchi>
+//                 Federico Caselli <https://github.com/CaselIT>
+//                 Justin Grant <https://github.com/justingrant>
+//                 Mikael Lirbank <https://github.com/lirbank>
+// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped
+
+/// <reference types="node"/>
+
+interface CommonSerializeOptions {
+    /** {default:false}, the serializer will check if keys are valid. */
+    checkKeys?: boolean;
+    /** {default:false}, serialize the javascript functions. */
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /** {default:true}, ignore undefined fields. */
+    ignoreUndefined?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface SerializeOptions extends CommonSerializeOptions {
+    /** {default:1024*1024*17}, minimum size of the internal temporary serialization buffer. */
+    minInternalBufferSize?: number;
+}
+
+export interface SerializeWithBufferAndIndexOptions extends CommonSerializeOptions {
+    /** {default:0}, the index in the buffer where we wish to start serializing into. */
+    index?: number;
+}
+
+export interface DeserializeOptions {
+    /** {default:false}, evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized. */
+    evalFunctions?: boolean;
+    /** {default:false}, cache evaluated functions for reuse. */
+    cacheFunctions?: boolean;
+    /** {default:false}, use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function. */
+    cacheFunctionsCrc32?: boolean;
+    /** {default:true}, when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits. */
+    promoteLongs?: boolean;
+    /** {default:false}, deserialize Binary data directly into node.js Buffer object. */
+    promoteBuffers?: boolean;
+    /** {default:false}, when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types. */
+    promoteValues?: boolean;
+    /** {default:null}, allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer. */
+    fieldsAsRaw?: { readonly [fieldName: string]: boolean };
+    /** {default:false}, return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances. */
+    bsonRegExp?: boolean;
+    /** {default:false}, allows the buffer to be larger than the parsed BSON object. */
+    allowObjectSmallerThanBufferSize?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface CalculateObjectSizeOptions {
+    /** {default:false}, serialize the javascript functions */
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /** {default:true}, ignore undefined fields. */
+    ignoreUndefined?: boolean;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a Javascript object.
+ *
+ * @param object The Javascript object to serialize.
+ * @param options Serialize options.
+ * @return The Buffer object containing the serialized object.
+ */
+export function serialize(object: any, options?: SerializeOptions): Buffer;
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a Javascript object using a predefined Buffer and index into the buffer, useful when pre-allocating the space for serialization.
+ *
+ * @param object The Javascript object to serialize.
+ * @param buffer The Buffer you pre-allocated to store the serialized BSON object.
+ * @param options Serialize options.
+ * @returns The index pointing to the last written byte in the buffer
+ */
+export function serializeWithBufferAndIndex(object: any, buffer: Buffer, options?: SerializeWithBufferAndIndexOptions): number;
+
+/**
+ * Deserialize data as BSON.
+ *
+ * @param buffer The buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+ * @param options Deserialize options.
+ * @returns The deserialized Javascript Object.
+ */
+export function deserialize(buffer: Buffer, options?: DeserializeOptions): any;
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the bson size for a passed in Javascript object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to calculate the BSON byte size for.
+ * @param {CalculateObjectSizeOptions} Options
+ * @return {Number} returns the number of bytes the BSON object will take up.
+ */
+export function calculateObjectSize(object: any, options?: CalculateObjectSizeOptions): number;
+
+/**
+ * Deserialize stream data as BSON documents.
+ *
+ * @param data The buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+ * @param startIndex The start index in the data Buffer where the deserialization is to start.
+ * @param numberOfDocuments Number of documents to deserialize
+ * @param documents An array where to store the deserialized documents
+ * @param docStartIndex The index in the documents array from where to start inserting documents
+ * @param options Additional options used for the deserialization
+ * @returns The next index in the buffer after deserialization of the `numberOfDocuments`
+ */
+export function deserializeStream(
+    data: Buffer,
+    startIndex: number,
+    numberOfDocuments: number,
+    documents: Array<any>,
+    docStartIndex: number,
+    options?: DeserializeOptions
+): number;
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON Binary type. */
+export class Binary {
+
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_DEFAULT: number;
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_FUNCTION: number;
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY: number;
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_UUID_OLD: number;
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_UUID: number;
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_MD5: number;
+    static readonly SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED: number;
+
+    /**
+     * @param buffer A buffer object containing the binary data
+     * @param subType Binary data subtype
+     */
+    constructor(buffer: Buffer, subType?: number);
+
+    /** The underlying Buffer which stores the binary data. */
+    readonly buffer: Buffer;
+    /** Binary data subtype */
+    readonly sub_type?: number;
+
+    /** The length of the binary. */
+    length(): number;
+    /** Updates this binary with byte_value */
+    put(byte_value: number | string): void;
+    /** Reads length bytes starting at position. */
+    read(position: number, length: number): Buffer;
+    /** Returns the value of this binary as a string. */
+    value(): string;
+    /** Writes a buffer or string to the binary */
+    write(buffer: Buffer | string, offset: number): void;
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON Code type. */
+export class Code {
+
+    /**
+     * @param code A string or function.
+     * @param scope An optional scope for the function.
+     */
+    constructor(code: string | Function, scope?: any);
+
+    readonly code: string | Function;
+    readonly scope?: any;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON DBRef type.
+ */
+export class DBRef {
+    /**
+     * @param namespace The collection name.
+     * @param oid The reference ObjectId.
+     * @param db Optional db name, if omitted the reference is local to the current db
+     */
+    constructor(namespace: string, oid: ObjectId, db?: string);
+    namespace: string;
+    oid: ObjectId;
+    db?: string;
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON Double type. */
+export class Double {
+    /**
+     * @param value The number we want to represent as a double.
+     */
+    constructor(value: number);
+
+    /**
+     * https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/blob/master/lib/double.js#L17
+     */
+    value: number;
+
+
+    valueOf(): number;
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON Int32 type. */
+export class Int32 {
+    /**
+     * @param value The number we want to represent as an int32.
+     */
+    constructor(value: number);
+
+    valueOf(): number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Base class for Long and Timestamp.
+ * In original js-node@1.0.x code 'Timestamp' is a 100% copy-paste of 'Long'
+ * with 'Long' replaced by 'Timestamp' (changed to inheritance in js-node@2.0.0)
+ */
+declare class LongLike<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * @param low The low (signed) 32 bits.
+     * @param high The high (signed) 32 bits.
+     */
+    constructor(low: number, high: number);
+
+    /** Returns the sum of `this` and the `other`. */
+    add(other: T): T;
+    /** Returns the bitwise-AND of `this` and the `other`. */
+    and(other: T): T;
+    /**
+     * Compares `this` with the given `other`.
+     * @returns 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater, and -1 if the given one is greater.
+     */
+    compare(other: T): number;
+    /** Returns `this` divided by the given `other`. */
+    div(other: T): T;
+    /** Return whether `this` equals the `other` */
+    equals(other: T): boolean;
+    /** Return the high 32-bits value. */
+    getHighBits(): number;
+    /** Return the low 32-bits value. */
+    getLowBits(): number;
+    /** Return the low unsigned 32-bits value. */
+    getLowBitsUnsigned(): number;
+    /** Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of `this`. */
+    getNumBitsAbs(): number;
+    /** Return whether `this` is greater than the `other`. */
+    greaterThan(other: T): boolean;
+    /** Return whether `this` is greater than or equal to the `other`. */
+    greaterThanOrEqual(other: T): boolean;
+    /** Return whether `this` value is negative. */
+    isNegative(): boolean;
+    /** Return whether `this` value is odd. */
+    isOdd(): boolean;
+    /** Return whether `this` value is zero. */
+    isZero(): boolean;
+    /** Return whether `this` is less than the `other`. */
+    lessThan(other: T): boolean;
+    /** Return whether `this` is less than or equal to the `other`. */
+    lessThanOrEqual(other: T): boolean;
+    /** Returns `this` modulo the given `other`. */
+    modulo(other: T): T;
+    /** Returns the product of `this` and the given `other`. */
+    multiply(other: T): T;
+    /** The negation of this value. */
+    negate(): T;
+    /** The bitwise-NOT of this value. */
+    not(): T;
+    /** Return whether `this` does not equal to the `other`. */
+    notEquals(other: T): boolean;
+    /** Returns the bitwise-OR of `this` and the given `other`. */
+    or(other: T): T;
+    /**
+     * Returns `this` with bits shifted to the left by the given amount.
+     * @param numBits The number of bits by which to shift.
+     */
+    shiftLeft(numBits: number): T;
+    /**
+     * Returns `this` with bits shifted to the right by the given amount.
+     * @param numBits The number of bits by which to shift.
+     */
+    shiftRight(numBits: number): T;
+    /**
+     * Returns `this` with bits shifted to the right by the given amount, with the new top bits matching the current sign bit.
+     * @param numBits The number of bits by which to shift.
+     */
+    shiftRightUnsigned(numBits: number): T;
+    /** Returns the difference of `this` and the given `other`. */
+    subtract(other: T): T;
+    /** Return the int value (low 32 bits). */
+    toInt(): number;
+    /** Return the JSON value. */
+    toJSON(): string;
+    /** Returns closest floating-point representation to `this` value */
+    toNumber(): number;
+    /**
+     * Return as a string
+     * @param radix the radix in which the text should be written. {default:10}
+     */
+    toString(radix?: number): string;
+    /** Returns the bitwise-XOR of `this` and the given `other`. */
+    xor(other: T): T;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Long type, a 64-bit two's-complement
+ * integer value, which faithfully simulates the behavior of a Java "Long". This
+ * implementation is derived from LongLib in GWT.
+ */
+export class Long extends LongLike<Long> {
+
+    static readonly MAX_VALUE: Long;
+    static readonly MIN_VALUE: Long;
+    static readonly NEG_ONE: Long;
+    static readonly ONE: Long;
+    static readonly ZERO: Long;
+
+    /** Returns a Long representing the given (32-bit) integer value. */
+    static fromInt(i: number): Long;
+    /** Returns a Long representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned. */
+    static fromNumber(n: number): Long;
+    /**
+     * Returns a Long representing the 64-bit integer that comes by concatenating the given high and low bits. Each is assumed to use 32 bits.
+     * @param lowBits The low 32-bits.
+     * @param highBits The high 32-bits.
+     */
+    static fromBits(lowBits: number, highBits: number): Long;
+    /**
+     * Returns a Long representation of the given string
+     * @param opt_radix The radix in which the text is written. {default:10}
+     */
+    static fromString(s: string, opt_radix?: number): Long;
+
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON Decimal128 type. */
+export class Decimal128 {
+
+    /** Create a Decimal128 instance from a string representation. */
+    static fromString(s: string): Decimal128;
+
+    /**
+     * @param bytes A buffer containing the raw Decimal128 bytes.
+     */
+    constructor(bytes: Buffer);
+
+    /** A buffer containing the raw Decimal128 bytes. */
+    readonly bytes: Buffer;
+
+    toJSON(): string;
+    toString(): string;
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON MaxKey type. */
+export class MaxKey {
+    constructor();
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON MinKey type. */
+export class MinKey {
+    constructor();
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON ObjectId type. */
+export class ObjectId {
+    /**
+     * Create a new ObjectId instance
+     * @param {(string|number|ObjectId)} id Can be a 24 byte hex string, 12 byte binary string or a Number.
+     */
+    constructor(id?: string | number | ObjectId);
+    /** The generation time of this ObjectId instance */
+    generationTime: number;
+    /** If true cache the hex string representation of ObjectId */
+    static cacheHexString?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Creates an ObjectId from a hex string representation of an ObjectId.
+     * @param {string} hexString create a ObjectId from a passed in 24 byte hexstring.
+     * @return {ObjectId} return the created ObjectId
+     */
+    static createFromHexString(hexString: string): ObjectId;
+    /**
+     * Creates an ObjectId from a second based number, with the rest of the ObjectId zeroed out. Used for comparisons or sorting the ObjectId.
+     * @param {number} time an integer number representing a number of seconds.
+     * @return {ObjectId} return the created ObjectId
+     */
+    static createFromTime(time: number): ObjectId;
+    /**
+     * Checks if a value is a valid bson ObjectId
+     *
+     * @return {boolean} return true if the value is a valid bson ObjectId, return false otherwise.
+     */
+    static isValid(id: string | number | ObjectId): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Compares the equality of this ObjectId with `otherID`.
+     * @param {ObjectId|string} otherID ObjectId instance to compare against.
+     * @return {boolean} the result of comparing two ObjectId's
+     */
+    equals(otherID: ObjectId | string): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Generate a 12 byte id string used in ObjectId's
+     * @param {number} time optional parameter allowing to pass in a second based timestamp.
+     * @return {string} return the 12 byte id binary string.
+     */
+    static generate(time?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns the generation date (accurate up to the second) that this ID was generated.
+     * @return {Date} the generation date
+     */
+    getTimestamp(): Date;
+    /**
+     * Return the ObjectId id as a 24 byte hex string representation
+     * @return {string} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+     */
+    toHexString(): string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ObjectID (with capital "D") is deprecated. Use ObjectId (lowercase "d") instead.
+ * @deprecated
+ */
+export { ObjectId as ObjectID };
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON RegExp type. */
+export class BSONRegExp {
+
+    constructor(pattern: string, options: string);
+
+    readonly pattern: string;
+    readonly options: string;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Symbol type.
+ * @deprecated
+ */
+export class Symbol {
+
+    constructor(value: string);
+
+    /** Access the wrapped string value. */
+    valueOf(): string;
+
+}
+
+/** A class representation of the BSON Timestamp type. */
+export class Timestamp extends LongLike<Timestamp> {
+
+    static readonly MAX_VALUE: Timestamp;
+    static readonly MIN_VALUE: Timestamp;
+    static readonly NEG_ONE: Timestamp;
+    static readonly ONE: Timestamp;
+    static readonly ZERO: Timestamp;
+
+    /** Returns a Timestamp represented by the given (32-bit) integer value */
+    static fromInt(value: number): Timestamp;
+    /** Returns a Timestamp representing the given number value, provided that it is a finite number. */
+    static fromNumber(value: number): Timestamp;
+    /**
+     * Returns a Timestamp for the given high and low bits. Each is assumed to use 32 bits.
+     * @param lowBits The low 32-bits.
+     * @param highBits The high 32-bits.
+     */
+    static fromBits(lowBits: number, highBits: number): Timestamp;
+    /**
+     * Returns a Timestamp from the given string.
+     * @param opt_radix The radix in which the text is written. {default:10}
+     */
+    static fromString(str: string, opt_radix?: number): Timestamp;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Functions for serializing JavaScript objects into Mongodb Extended JSON (EJSON).
+ * @namespace EJSON
+ */
+export namespace EJSON {
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an Extended JSON string, constructing the JavaScript value or object described by that
+     * string.
+     *
+     * @memberof EJSON
+     * @param {string} text
+     * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+     * @param {boolean} [options.relaxed=true] Attempt to return native JS types where possible, rather than BSON types (if true)
+     * @return {object}
+     *
+     * @example
+     * const { EJSON } = require('bson');
+     * const text = '{ "int32": { "$numberInt": "10" } }';
+     *
+     * // prints { int32: { [String: '10'] _bsontype: 'Int32', value: '10' } }
+     * console.log(EJSON.parse(text, { relaxed: false }));
+     *
+     * // prints { int32: 10 }
+     * console.log(EJSON.parse(text));
+     */
+    export function parse(text: string, options?: {relaxed?: boolean;}): {};
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes an Extended JSON object into a plain JavaScript object with native/BSON types
+     *
+     * @memberof EJSON
+     * @param {object} ejson The Extended JSON object to deserialize
+     * @param {object} [options] Optional settings passed to the parse method
+     * @return {object}
+     */
+    export function deserialize(ejson: {}, options?: {relaxed?: boolean;}): {};
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes an object to an Extended JSON string, and reparse it as a JavaScript object.
+     *
+     * @memberof EJSON
+     * @param {object} bson The object to serialize
+     * @param {object} [options] Optional settings passed to the `stringify` function
+     * @return {object}
+     */
+    export function serialize(bson: {}, options?: {relaxed?: boolean;}): {};
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a BSON document to an Extended JSON string, optionally replacing values if a replacer
+     * function is specified or optionally including only the specified properties if a replacer array
+     * is specified.
+     *
+     * @memberof EJSON
+     * @param {object} value The value to convert to extended JSON
+     * @param {function|array} [replacer] A function that alters the behavior of the stringification process, or an array of String and Number objects that serve as a whitelist for selecting/filtering the properties of the value object to be included in the JSON string. If this value is null or not provided, all properties of the object are included in the resulting JSON string
+     * @param {string|number} [space] A String or Number object that's used to insert white space into the output JSON string for readability purposes.
+     * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.relaxed=true] Enabled Extended JSON's `relaxed` mode
+     * @returns {string}
+     *
+     * @example
+     * const { EJSON, Int32 } = require('bson');
+     * const doc = { int32: new Int32(10) };
+     *
+     * // prints '{"int32":{"$numberInt":"10"}}'
+     * console.log(EJSON.stringify(doc, { relaxed: false }));
+     *
+     * // prints '{"int32":10}'
+     * console.log(EJSON.stringify(doc));
+     */
+    export function stringify(
+        value: {},
+        options?: {relaxed?: boolean;}
+    ): string;
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a BSON document to an Extended JSON string, optionally replacing values if a replacer
+     * function is specified or optionally including only the specified properties if a replacer array
+     * is specified.
+     *
+     * @memberof EJSON
+     * @param {object} value The value to convert to extended JSON
+     * @param {function|array} [replacer] A function that alters the behavior of the stringification process, or an array of String and Number objects that serve as a whitelist for selecting/filtering the properties of the value object to be included in the JSON string. If this value is null or not provided, all properties of the object are included in the resulting JSON string
+     * @param {string|number} [space] A String or Number object that's used to insert white space into the output JSON string for readability purposes.
+     * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.relaxed=true] Enabled Extended JSON's `relaxed` mode
+     * @returns {string}
+     *
+     * @example
+     * const { EJSON, Int32 } = require('bson');
+     * const doc = { int32: new Int32(10) };
+     *
+     * // prints '{"int32":{"$numberInt":"10"}}'
+     * console.log(EJSON.stringify(doc, { relaxed: false }));
+     *
+     * // prints '{"int32":10}'
+     * console.log(EJSON.stringify(doc));
+     */
+
+    export function stringify(
+        value: {},
+        replacer: ((key: string, value: any) => any) | Array<string|number> | null | undefined,
+        options?: {relaxed?: boolean;}
+    ): string;
+    /**
+     * Converts a BSON document to an Extended JSON string, optionally replacing values if a replacer
+     * function is specified or optionally including only the specified properties if a replacer array
+     * is specified.
+     *
+     * @memberof EJSON
+     * @param {object} value The value to convert to extended JSON
+     * @param {function|array} [replacer] A function that alters the behavior of the stringification process, or an array of String and Number objects that serve as a whitelist for selecting/filtering the properties of the value object to be included in the JSON string. If this value is null or not provided, all properties of the object are included in the resulting JSON string
+     * @param {string|number} [space] A String or Number object that's used to insert white space into the output JSON string for readability purposes.
+     * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.relaxed=true] Enabled Extended JSON's `relaxed` mode
+     * @returns {string}
+     *
+     * @example
+     * const { EJSON, Int32 } = require('bson');
+     * const doc = { int32: new Int32(10) };
+     *
+     * // prints '{"int32":{"$numberInt":"10"}}'
+     * console.log(EJSON.stringify(doc, { relaxed: false }));
+     *
+     * // prints '{"int32":10}'
+     * console.log(EJSON.stringify(doc));
+     */
+    export function stringify(
+        value: {},
+        replacer: ((key: string, value: any) => any) | Array<string | number> | null | undefined,
+        indents?: string | number,
+        options?: {relaxed?: boolean;}
+        ): string;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/package.json b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d75f11db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/bson/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "_from": "@types/bson@*",
+  "_id": "@types/bson@4.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-mVRvYnTOZJz3ccpxhr3wgxVmSeiYinW+zlzQz3SXWaJmD1DuL05Jeq7nKw3SnbKmbleW5qrLG5vdyWe/A9sXhw==",
+  "_location": "/@types/bson",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "@types/bson@*",
+    "name": "@types/bson",
+    "escapedName": "@types%2fbson",
+    "scope": "@types",
+    "rawSpec": "*",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "*"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@types/mongodb"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/bson/-/bson-4.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "30889d2ffde6262abbe38659364c631454999fbf",
+  "_spec": "@types/bson@*",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@types\\mongodb",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Hiroki Horiuchi",
+      "url": "https://github.com/horiuchi"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Federico Caselli",
+      "url": "https://github.com/CaselIT"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Justin Grant",
+      "url": "https://github.com/justingrant"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mikael Lirbank",
+      "url": "https://github.com/lirbank"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@types/node": "*"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "TypeScript definitions for bson",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "",
+  "name": "@types/bson",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped.git",
+    "directory": "types/bson"
+  },
+  "scripts": {},
+  "typeScriptVersion": "3.2",
+  "types": "index.d.ts",
+  "typesPublisherContentHash": "de339c6ae3194d7c34d771d4580048f1007707bafc646731b539c3a79638ebe9",
+  "version": "4.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e841e7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+    MIT License
+
+    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/README.md b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a3917845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Installation
+> `npm install --save @types/mongodb`
+
+# Summary
+This package contains type definitions for MongoDB (https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native).
+
+# Details
+Files were exported from https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types/mongodb.
+
+### Additional Details
+ * Last updated: Sun, 13 Jun 2021 05:31:10 GMT
+ * Dependencies: [@types/bson](https://npmjs.com/package/@types/bson), [@types/node](https://npmjs.com/package/@types/node)
+ * Global values: none
+
+# Credits
+These definitions were written by [Federico Caselli](https://github.com/CaselIT), [Alan Marcell](https://github.com/alanmarcell), [Gaurav Lahoti](https://github.com/dante-101), [Mariano Cortesi](https://github.com/mcortesi), [Enrico Picci](https://github.com/EnricoPicci), [Alexander Christie](https://github.com/AJCStriker), [Julien Chaumond](https://github.com/julien-c), [Dan Aprahamian](https://github.com/daprahamian), [Denys Bushulyak](https://github.com/denys-bushulyak), [Bastien Arata](https://github.com/b4nst), [Wan Bachtiar](https://github.com/sindbach), [Geraldine Lemeur](https://github.com/geraldinelemeur), [Dominik Heigl](https://github.com/various89), [Angela-1](https://github.com/angela-1), [Hector Ribes](https://github.com/hector7), [Florian Richter](https://github.com/floric), [Erik Christensen](https://github.com/erikc5000), [Nick Zahn](https://github.com/Manc), [Jarom Loveridge](https://github.com/jloveridge), [Luis Pais](https://github.com/ranguna), [Hossein Saniei](https://github.com/HosseinAgha), [Alberto Silva](https://github.com/albertossilva), [Piotr Błażejewicz](https://github.com/peterblazejewicz), [Linus Unnebäck](https://github.com/LinusU), [Richard Bateman](https://github.com/taxilian), [Igor Strebezhev](https://github.com/xamgore), [Valentin Agachi](https://github.com/avaly), [HitkoDev](https://github.com/HitkoDev), [TJT](https://github.com/Celend), [Julien TASSIN](https://github.com/jtassin), [Anna Henningsen](https://github.com/addaleax), [Emmanuel Gautier](https://github.com/emmanuelgautier), [Wyatt Johnson](https://github.com/wyattjoh), and [Boris Figovsky](https://github.com/borfig).
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbfe68165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5230 @@
+// Type definitions for MongoDB 3.6
+// Project: https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native
+//          https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/tree/3.1
+// Definitions by: Federico Caselli <https://github.com/CaselIT>
+//                 Alan Marcell <https://github.com/alanmarcell>
+//                 Gaurav Lahoti <https://github.com/dante-101>
+//                 Mariano Cortesi <https://github.com/mcortesi>
+//                 Enrico Picci <https://github.com/EnricoPicci>
+//                 Alexander Christie <https://github.com/AJCStriker>
+//                 Julien Chaumond <https://github.com/julien-c>
+//                 Dan Aprahamian <https://github.com/daprahamian>
+//                 Denys Bushulyak <https://github.com/denys-bushulyak>
+//                 Bastien Arata <https://github.com/b4nst>
+//                 Wan Bachtiar <https://github.com/sindbach>
+//                 Geraldine Lemeur <https://github.com/geraldinelemeur>
+//                 Dominik Heigl <https://github.com/various89>
+//                 Angela-1 <https://github.com/angela-1>
+//                 Hector Ribes <https://github.com/hector7>
+//                 Florian Richter <https://github.com/floric>
+//                 Erik Christensen <https://github.com/erikc5000>
+//                 Nick Zahn <https://github.com/Manc>
+//                 Jarom Loveridge <https://github.com/jloveridge>
+//                 Luis Pais <https://github.com/ranguna>
+//                 Hossein Saniei <https://github.com/HosseinAgha>
+//                 Alberto Silva <https://github.com/albertossilva>
+//                 Piotr Błażejewicz <https://github.com/peterblazejewicz>
+//                 Linus Unnebäck <https://github.com/LinusU>
+//                 Richard Bateman <https://github.com/taxilian>
+//                 Igor Strebezhev <https://github.com/xamgore>
+//                 Valentin Agachi <https://github.com/avaly>
+//                 HitkoDev <https://github.com/HitkoDev>
+//                 TJT <https://github.com/Celend>
+//                 Julien TASSIN <https://github.com/jtassin>
+//                 Anna Henningsen <https://github.com/addaleax>
+//                 Emmanuel Gautier <https://github.com/emmanuelgautier>
+//                 Wyatt Johnson <https://github.com/wyattjoh>
+//                 Boris Figovsky <https://github.com/borfig>
+// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped
+// Minimum TypeScript Version: 3.2
+
+// Documentation: https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/
+
+/// <reference types="node" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.asynciterable" />
+
+import { Binary, Decimal128, Double, Int32, Long, ObjectId, Timestamp } from "bson";
+import { EventEmitter } from "events";
+import { Readable, Writable } from "stream";
+import { checkServerIdentity } from "tls";
+
+type FlattenIfArray<T> = T extends ReadonlyArray<infer R> ? R : T;
+export type WithoutProjection<T> = T & { fields?: undefined; projection?: undefined };
+
+export function connect(uri: string, options?: MongoClientOptions): Promise<MongoClient>;
+export function connect(uri: string, callback: MongoCallback<MongoClient>): void;
+export function connect(uri: string, options: MongoClientOptions, callback: MongoCallback<MongoClient>): void;
+
+export { Binary, DBRef, Decimal128, Double, Int32, Long, MaxKey, MinKey, ObjectID, ObjectId, Timestamp } from "bson";
+
+type NumericTypes = number | Decimal128 | Double | Int32 | Long;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new MongoClient instance
+ *
+ * @param uri The connection URI string
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @param callback The optional command result callback
+ * @returns MongoClient instance
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html
+ */
+export class MongoClient extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(uri: string, options?: MongoClientOptions);
+    /**
+     * Connect to MongoDB using a url as documented at
+     * https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/
+     *
+     * @param uri The connection URI string
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The optional command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#.connect
+     */
+    static connect(uri: string, callback: MongoCallback<MongoClient>): void;
+    static connect(uri: string, options?: MongoClientOptions): Promise<MongoClient>;
+    static connect(uri: string, options: MongoClientOptions, callback: MongoCallback<MongoClient>): void;
+    /**
+     * Connect to MongoDB using a url as documented at
+     * https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/
+     *
+     * @param callback The optional command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#connect
+     */
+    connect(): Promise<MongoClient>;
+    connect(callback: MongoCallback<MongoClient>): void;
+    /**
+     * Close the db and its underlying connections
+     *
+     * @param force Optional force close, emitting no events
+     * @param callback The optional result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#close
+     */
+    close(callback: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+    close(force?: boolean): Promise<void>;
+    close(force: boolean, callback: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+    /**
+     * Create a new Db instance sharing the current socket connections.
+     * Be aware that the new db instances are related in a parent-child relationship to the original instance so that events are correctly emitted on child db instances.
+     * Child db instances are cached so performing db('db1') twice will return the same instance.
+     * You can control these behaviors with the options noListener and returnNonCachedInstance.
+     *
+     * @param dbName The name of the database we want to use. If not provided, use database name from connection string
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @returns The Db object
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#db
+     */
+    db(dbName?: string, options?: MongoClientCommonOption): Db;
+    /**
+     * Check if MongoClient is connected
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @returns Whether the MongoClient is connected or not
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#isConnected
+     */
+    isConnected(options?: MongoClientCommonOption): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Starts a new session on the server
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings for a driver session~
+     * @returns Newly established session
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#startSession
+     */
+    startSession(options?: SessionOptions): ClientSession;
+    /**
+     * Create a new Change Stream, watching for new changes (insertions, updates, replacements, deletions, and invalidations) in this cluster.
+     * Will ignore all changes to system collections, as well as the local, admin, and config databases.
+     *
+     * @param pipeline An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/ aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents.
+     * This allows for filtering (using $match) and manipulating the change stream documents.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @returns ChangeStream instance
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#watch
+     */
+    watch<TSchema extends object = { _id: ObjectId }>(
+        pipeline?: object[],
+        options?: ChangeStreamOptions & { session?: ClientSession },
+    ): ChangeStream<TSchema>;
+    /**
+     * Runs a given operation with an implicitly created session. The lifetime of the session will be handled without the need for user interaction.
+     * NOTE: presently the operation MUST return a Promise (either explicit or implicity as an async function)
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings to be appled to implicitly created session
+     * @param operation An operation to execute with an implicitly created session. The signature of this MUST be `(session) => {}`
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#withSession
+     */
+    withSession(operation: (session: ClientSession) => Promise<any>): Promise<void>;
+    withSession(options: SessionOptions, operation: (session: ClientSession) => Promise<any>): Promise<void>;
+
+    readPreference: ReadPreference;
+    writeConcern: WriteConcern;
+}
+
+export type ClientSessionId = unknown;
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a client session on the server
+ * WARNING: not meant to be instantiated directly.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html
+ */
+export interface ClientSession extends EventEmitter {
+    /** The server id associated with this session */
+    id: ClientSessionId;
+
+    /**
+     * Aborts the currently active transaction in this session.
+     *
+     * @param callback Optional callback for completion of this operation
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is provided
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#abortTransaction
+     */
+    abortTransaction(): Promise<void>;
+    abortTransaction(callback?: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Advances the operationTime for a {@link ClientSession}.
+     *
+     * @param operationTime The `BSON.Timestamp` of the operation type it is desired to advance to
+     */
+    advanceOperationTime(operationTime: Timestamp): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Commits the currently active transaction in this session.
+     *
+     * @param callback Optional callback for completion of this operation
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is provided
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#commitTransaction
+     */
+    commitTransaction(): Promise<void>;
+    commitTransaction(callback: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Ends this session on the server
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings Currently reserved for future use
+     * @param callback Optional callback for completion of this operation
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#endSession
+     */
+    endSession(callback?: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+    endSession(options: Object, callback: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+    endSession(options?: Object): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to determine if this session equals another
+     *
+     * @param session - a class representing a client session on the server
+     * @returns `true` if the sessions are equal
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#equals
+     */
+    equals(session: ClientSession): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Increment the transaction number on the internal `ServerSession`
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#incrementTransactionNumber
+     */
+    incrementTransactionNumber(): void;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns whether this session is currently in a transaction or not
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#inTransaction
+     */
+    inTransaction(): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Starts a new transaction with the given options.
+     *
+     * @param options Options for the transaction
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#startTransaction
+     */
+    startTransaction(options?: TransactionOptions): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a provided lambda within a transaction, retrying either the commit operation
+     * or entire transaction as needed (and when the error permits) to better ensure that
+     * the transaction can complete successfully.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT: This method requires the user to return a Promise, all lambdas that do not
+     * return a Promise will result in undefined behavior.
+     *
+     * @param fn A user provided function to be run within a transaction
+     * @param options Optional settings for the transaction
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ClientSession.html#withTransaction
+     */
+    withTransaction(fn: WithTransactionCallback, options?: TransactionOptions): Promise<any>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The MongoDB ReadConcern, which allows for control of the consistency and isolation properties
+ * of the data read from replica sets and replica set shards.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#ReadConcern
+ */
+type ReadConcernLevel = "local" | "available" | "majority" | "linearizable" | "snapshot";
+
+/**
+ * The MongoDB ReadConcern, which allows for control of the consistency and isolation properties
+ * of the data read from replica sets and replica set shards.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#ReadConcern
+ */
+export interface ReadConcern {
+    level: ReadConcernLevel;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A MongoDB WriteConcern, which describes the level of acknowledgement
+ * requested from MongoDB for write operations.
+ *
+ * @param w requests acknowledgement that the write operation has propagated to a specified number of mongod hosts
+ * @param j requests acknowledgement from MongoDB that the write operation has been written to the journal
+ * @param timeout a time limit, in milliseconds, for the write concern
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#WriteConcern
+ */
+interface WriteConcern {
+    /**
+     * requests acknowledgement that the write operation has
+     * propagated to a specified number of mongod hosts
+     * @default 1
+     */
+    w?: number | "majority" | string;
+    /**
+     * requests acknowledgement from MongoDB that the write operation has
+     * been written to the journal
+     * @default false
+     */
+    j?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * a time limit, in milliseconds, for the write concern
+     */
+    wtimeout?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options to pass when creating a Client Session
+ *
+ * @param causalConsistency Whether causal consistency should be enabled on this session
+ * @param defaultTransactionOptions The default TransactionOptions to use for transactions started on this session.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#SessionOptions
+ */
+export interface SessionOptions {
+    /**
+     * Whether causal consistency should be enabled on this session
+     * @default true
+     */
+    causalConsistency?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * The default TransactionOptions to use for transactions started on this session.
+     */
+    defaultTransactionOptions?: TransactionOptions;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for a transaction.
+ *
+ * @param readConcern A default read concern for commands in this transaction
+ * @param writeConcern A default writeConcern for commands in this transaction
+ * @param readPreference A default read preference for commands in this transaction
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#TransactionOptions
+ */
+export interface TransactionOptions {
+    readConcern?: ReadConcern;
+    writeConcern?: WriteConcern;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param noListener Do not make the db an event listener to the original connection.
+ * @param returnNonCachedInstance Control if you want to return a cached instance or have a new one created
+ */
+export interface MongoClientCommonOption {
+    noListener?: boolean;
+    returnNonCachedInstance?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ *
+ * @param error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#~resultCallback
+ */
+export interface MongoCallback<T> {
+    (error: MongoError, result: T): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A user provided function to be run within a transaction
+ *
+ * @param session The parent session of the transaction running the operation. This should be passed into each operation within the lambda.
+ * @returns Resulting Promise of operations run within this transaction
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#WithTransactionCallback
+ */
+export type WithTransactionCallback = (session: ClientSession) => Promise<void>;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new MongoError
+ *
+ * @param message The error message
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoError.html
+ */
+export class MongoError extends Error {
+    constructor(message: string | Error | object);
+    /**
+     * Creates a new MongoError object
+     *
+     * @param options The options used to create the error
+     * @returns A MongoError instance
+     * @deprecated Use `new MongoError()` instead
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoError.html#.create
+     */
+    static create(options: string | Error | object): MongoError;
+    /**
+     * Checks the error to see if it has an error label
+     *
+     * @param options The options used to create the error
+     * @returns `true` if the error has the provided error label
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoError.html#hasErrorLabel
+     */
+    hasErrorLabel(label: string): boolean;
+    readonly errorLabels: string[];
+    code?: number | string;
+    /**
+     * While not documented, the `errmsg` prop is AFAIK the only way to find out
+     * which unique index caused a duplicate key error. When you have multiple
+     * unique indexes on a collection, knowing which index caused a duplicate
+     * key error enables you to send better (more precise) error messages to the
+     * client/user (eg. "Email address must be unique" instead of "Both email
+     * address and username must be unique") – which caters for a better (app)
+     * user experience.
+     *
+     * Details:
+     * {@link https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/2129 How to get index name on duplicate document 11000 error?}
+     * (issue for mongoose, but the same applies for the native mongodb driver).
+     *
+     * Note that in mongoose (the link above) the prop in question is called
+     * 'message' while in mongodb it is called 'errmsg'. This can be seen in
+     * multiple places in the source code, for example
+     * {@link https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/blob/a12aa15ac3eaae3ad5c4166ea1423aec4560f155/test/functional/find_tests.js#L1111 here}.
+     */
+    errmsg?: string;
+    name: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error indicating an issue with the network, including TCP errors and timeouts
+ *
+ * @param message The error message
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoNetworkError.html
+ */
+export class MongoNetworkError extends MongoError {}
+
+/**
+ * An error used when attempting to parse a value (like a connection string)
+ *
+ * @param message The error message
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoParseError.html
+ */
+export class MongoParseError extends MongoError {}
+
+/**
+ * An error signifying a client-side timeout event
+ *
+ * @param message The error message
+ * @param reason The reason the timeout occured
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoTimeoutError.html
+ */
+export class MongoTimeoutError extends MongoError {
+    /**
+     * An optional reason context for the timeout, generally an error
+     * saved during flow of monitoring and selecting servers
+     */
+    reason?: string | object;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error signifying a client-side server selection error
+ *
+ * @param message The error message
+ * @param reason The reason the timeout occured
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoServerSelectionError.html
+ */
+export class MongoServerSelectionError extends MongoTimeoutError {}
+
+/**
+ * An error thrown when the server reports a writeConcernError
+ *
+ * @param message The error message
+ * @param reason The reason the timeout occured
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoWriteConcernError.html
+ */
+export class MongoWriteConcernError extends MongoError {
+    /**
+     * The result document (provided if ok: 1)
+     */
+    result?: object;
+}
+/**
+ * An error indicating an unsuccessful Bulk Write
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/BulkWriteError.html
+ */
+export class BulkWriteError extends MongoError {}
+export { BulkWriteError as MongoBulkWriteError };
+
+/**
+ * Optional settings for MongoClient.connect()
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html#.connect
+ */
+export interface MongoClientOptions
+    extends DbCreateOptions,
+        ServerOptions,
+        MongosOptions,
+        ReplSetOptions,
+        SocketOptions,
+        SSLOptions,
+        TLSOptions,
+        HighAvailabilityOptions,
+        UnifiedTopologyOptions {
+    /**
+     * The logging level (error/warn/info/debug)
+     */
+    loggerLevel?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * Custom logger object
+     */
+    logger?: object | log;
+
+    /**
+     * Validate MongoClient passed in options for correctness
+     * @default false
+     */
+    validateOptions?: object | boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the application that created this MongoClient instance.
+     */
+    appname?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * Authentication credentials
+     */
+    auth?: {
+        /**
+         * The username for auth
+         */
+        user: string;
+        /**
+         * The password for auth
+         */
+        password: string;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether or not to use the new url parser. Enables the new, spec-compliant
+     * url parser shipped in the core driver. This url parser fixes a number of problems with
+     * the original parser, and aims to outright replace that parser in the near future.
+     * @default true
+     */
+    useNewUrlParser?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of retries for a tailable cursor
+     * @default 5
+     */
+    numberOfRetries?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * An authentication mechanism to use for connection authentication,
+     * see the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/connection-string/#urioption.authMechanism authMechanism}
+     * reference for supported options.
+     */
+    authMechanism?:
+        | "DEFAULT"
+        | "GSSAPI"
+        | "PLAIN"
+        | "MONGODB-X509"
+        | "MONGODB-CR"
+        | "MONGODB-AWS"
+        | "SCRAM-SHA-1"
+        | "SCRAM-SHA-256"
+        | string;
+
+    /** Type of compression to use */
+    compression?: {
+        /** The selected compressors in preference order */
+        compressors?: Array<"snappy" | "zlib">;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Enable directConnection
+     * @default false
+     */
+    directConnection?: boolean;
+
+    /*
+     * Optionally enable client side auto encryption.
+     */
+    autoEncryption?: AutoEncryptionOptions;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extra options related to the mongocryptd process.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AutoEncrypter.html#~AutoEncryptionExtraOptions
+ */
+export interface AutoEncryptionExtraOptions {
+    /**
+     * A local process the driver communicates with to determine how to encrypt
+     * values in a command. Defaults to "mongodb:///var/mongocryptd.sock" if
+     * domain sockets are available or "mongodb://localhost:27020" otherwise.
+     */
+    mongocryptdURI?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * If true, autoEncryption will not attempt to spawn a mongocryptd before
+     * connecting.
+     */
+    mongocryptdBypassSpawn?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * The path to the mongocryptd executable on the system.
+     */
+    mongocryptdSpawnPath?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * Command line arguments to use when auto-spawning a mongocryptd.
+     */
+    mongocryptdSpawnArgs?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options that are used by specific KMS providers during key
+ * generation, encryption, and decryption.
+ *
+ * @see http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#KMSProviders
+ */
+export interface KMSProviders {
+    /**
+     * Configuration options for using 'aws' as your KMS provider.
+     */
+    aws?: {
+        /**
+         * The access key used for the AWS KMS provider.
+         */
+        accessKeyId?: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The secret access key used for the AWS KMS provider.
+         */
+        secretAccessKey?: string;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Configuration options for using `gcp` as your KMS provider.
+     */
+    gcp?: {
+        /**
+         * The service account email to authenticate.
+         */
+        email?: string;
+
+        /**
+         * A PKCS#8 encrypted key. This can either be a base64 string or a
+         * binary representation.
+         */
+        privateKey?: string | Buffer;
+
+        /**
+         * If present, a host with optional port. E.g. "example.com" or
+         * "example.com:443". Defaults to "oauth2.googleapis.com".
+         */
+        endpoint?: string;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Configuration options for using 'local' as your KMS provider.
+     */
+    local?: {
+        /**
+         * The master key used to encrypt/decrypt data keys. A 96-byte long
+         * Buffer.
+         */
+        key?: Buffer;
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for a automatic client encryption.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AutoEncrypter.html#~AutoEncryptionOptions
+ */
+export interface AutoEncryptionOptions {
+    /**
+     * A MongoClient used to fetch keys from a key vault
+     */
+    keyVaultClient?: MongoClient;
+
+    /**
+     * The namespace where keys are stored in the key vault.
+     */
+    keyVaultNamespace?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * Configuration options that are used by specific KMS providers during key
+     * generation, encryption, and decryption.
+     */
+    kmsProviders?: KMSProviders;
+
+    /**
+     * A map of namespaces to a local JSON schema for encryption.
+     */
+    schemaMap?: object;
+
+    /**
+     * Allows the user to bypass auto encryption, maintaining implicit
+     * decryption.
+     */
+    bypassAutoEncryption?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Extra options related to the mongocryptd process.
+     */
+    extraOptions?: AutoEncryptionExtraOptions;
+}
+
+export interface SSLOptions {
+    /**
+     * Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext.
+     *
+     * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options
+     */
+    ciphers?: string;
+    /**
+     * Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext.
+     *
+     * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options
+     */
+    ecdhCurve?: string;
+    /**
+     * Number of connections for each server instance; set to 5 as default for legacy reasons
+     * @default 5
+     */
+    poolSize?: number;
+    /**
+     * If present, the connection pool will be initialized with minSize connections, and will never dip below minSize connections
+     */
+    minSize?: number;
+    /**
+     * Use ssl connection (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support)
+     */
+    ssl?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Validate mongod server certificate against ca (mongod server >=2.4 with ssl support required)
+     * @default true
+     */
+    sslValidate?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Server identity checking during SSL
+     * @default true
+     */
+    checkServerIdentity?: boolean | typeof checkServerIdentity;
+    /**
+     * Array of valid certificates either as Buffers or Strings
+     */
+    sslCA?: ReadonlyArray<Buffer | string>;
+    /**
+     * SSL Certificate revocation list binary buffer
+     */
+    sslCRL?: ReadonlyArray<Buffer | string>;
+    /**
+     * SSL Certificate binary buffer
+     */
+    sslCert?: Buffer | string;
+    /**
+     * SSL Key file binary buffer
+     */
+    sslKey?: Buffer | string;
+    /**
+     * SSL Certificate pass phrase
+     */
+    sslPass?: Buffer | string;
+    /**
+     * String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+     */
+    servername?: string;
+}
+
+export interface TLSOptions {
+    /**
+     * Enable TLS connections
+     * @default false
+     */
+    tls?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Relax TLS constraints, disabling validation
+     * @default false
+     */
+    tlsInsecure?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Path to file with either a single or bundle of certificate authorities
+     * to be considered trusted when making a TLS connection
+     */
+    tlsCAFile?: string;
+    /**
+     * Path to the client certificate file or the client private key file;
+     * in the case that they both are needed, the files should be concatenated
+     */
+    tlsCertificateKeyFile?: string;
+    /**
+     * The password to decrypt the client private key to be used for TLS connections
+     */
+    tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword?: string;
+    /**
+     * Specifies whether or not the driver should error when the server’s TLS certificate is invalid
+     */
+    tlsAllowInvalidCertificates?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Specifies whether or not the driver should error when there is a mismatch between the server’s hostname
+     * and the hostname specified by the TLS certificate
+     */
+    tlsAllowInvalidHostnames?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface HighAvailabilityOptions {
+    /**
+     * Turn on high availability monitoring
+     * @default true
+     */
+    ha?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * The High availability period for replicaset inquiry
+     * @default 10000
+     */
+    haInterval?: number;
+    /**
+     * @default false
+     */
+    domainsEnabled?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * The ReadPreference mode as listed
+     * {@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html here}
+     */
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    /**
+     * An object representing read preference tags
+     * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/read-preference-tags/
+     */
+    readPreferenceTags?: ReadPreferenceTags;
+}
+
+export type ReadPreferenceTags = ReadonlyArray<Record<string, string>>;
+export type ReadPreferenceMode = "primary" | "primaryPreferred" | "secondary" | "secondaryPreferred" | "nearest";
+export type ReadPreferenceOrMode = ReadPreference | ReadPreferenceMode;
+export type ReadPreferenceOptions = {
+    /** Server mode in which the same query is dispatched in parallel to multiple replica set members. */
+    hedge?: {
+        /** Explicitly enable or disable hedged reads. */
+        enabled?: boolean;
+    };
+    /**
+     * Max secondary read staleness in seconds, Minimum value is 90 seconds.
+     */
+    maxStalenessSeconds?: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The **ReadPreference** class represents a MongoDB ReadPreference and is used to construct connections.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/read-preference/
+ */
+export class ReadPreference {
+    constructor(mode: ReadPreferenceMode, tags: object, options?: ReadPreferenceOptions);
+    mode: ReadPreferenceMode;
+    tags: ReadPreferenceTags;
+    static PRIMARY: "primary";
+    static PRIMARY_PREFERRED: "primaryPreferred";
+    static SECONDARY: "secondary";
+    static SECONDARY_PREFERRED: "secondaryPreferred";
+    static NEAREST: "nearest";
+    isValid(mode: ReadPreferenceMode | string): boolean;
+    static isValid(mode: string): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this readPreference needs the "slaveOk" bit when sent over the wire
+     * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/mongodb-wire-protocol/#op-query
+     */
+    slaveOk(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Are the two read preference equal
+     * @param readPreference - the read preference with which to check equality
+     * @returns `true` if the two ReadPreferences are equivalent
+     */
+    equals(readPreference: ReadPreference): boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optional settings for creating a new Db instance
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html
+ */
+export interface DbCreateOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    /**
+     * If the database authentication is dependent on another databaseName.
+     */
+    authSource?: string;
+    /**
+     * Force server to assign `_id` fields instead of driver
+     * @default false
+     */
+    forceServerObjectId?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Use c++ bson parser
+     * @default false
+     */
+    native_parser?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Serialize functions on any object
+     * @default false
+     */
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields
+     * @default false
+     */
+    ignoreUndefined?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Return document results as raw BSON buffers
+     * @default false
+     */
+    raw?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Promotes Long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution
+     * @default true
+     */
+    promoteLongs?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers
+     * @default false
+     */
+    promoteBuffers?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types
+     * @default true
+     */
+    promoteValues?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * The preferred read preference. Use {@link ReadPreference} class.
+     */
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    /**
+     * A primary key factory object for generation of custom `_id` keys.
+     */
+    pkFactory?: object;
+    /**
+     * A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+     */
+    promiseLibrary?: PromiseConstructor;
+    /**
+     * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/read-concern/#read-concern
+     * @since MongoDB 3.2
+     */
+    readConcern?: ReadConcern | string;
+    /**
+     * Sets a cap on how many operations the driver will buffer up before giving up on getting a
+     * working connection, default is -1 which is unlimited.
+     */
+    bufferMaxEntries?: number;
+}
+
+export interface UnifiedTopologyOptions {
+    /**
+     * Enables the new unified topology layer
+     */
+    useUnifiedTopology?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * **Only applies to the unified topology**
+     * The size of the latency window for selecting among multiple suitable servers
+     * @default 15
+     */
+    localThresholdMS?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * With `useUnifiedTopology`, the MongoDB driver will try to find a server to send any given operation to
+     * and keep retrying for `serverSelectionTimeoutMS` milliseconds.
+     * @default 30000
+     */
+    serverSelectionTimeoutMS?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * **Only applies to the unified topology**
+     * The frequency with which topology updates are scheduled
+     * @default 10000
+     */
+    heartbeatFrequencyMS?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  **Only applies to the unified topology**
+     * The maximum number of connections that may be associated with a pool at a given time
+     * This includes in use and available connections
+     * @default 10
+     */
+    maxPoolSize?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * **Only applies to the unified topology**
+     * The minimum number of connections that MUST exist at any moment in a single connection pool
+     * @default 0
+     */
+    minPoolSize?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * **Only applies to the unified topology**
+     * The maximum amount of time a connection should remain idle in the connection pool before being marked idle
+     * @default Infinity
+     */
+    maxIdleTimeMS?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * **Only applies to the unified topology**
+     * The maximum amount of time operation execution should wait for a connection to become available.
+     * The default is 0 which means there is no limit.
+     * @default 0
+     */
+    waitQueueTimeoutMS?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optional socket options
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Server.html
+ */
+export interface SocketOptions {
+    /**
+     * Reconnect on error
+     * @default true
+     */
+    autoReconnect?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * TCP Socket NoDelay option
+     * @default true
+     */
+    noDelay?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * TCP KeepAlive enabled on the socket
+     * @default true
+     */
+    keepAlive?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * TCP KeepAlive initial delay before sending first keep-alive packet when idle
+     * @default 30000
+     */
+    keepAliveInitialDelay?: number;
+    /**
+     * TCP Connection timeout setting
+     * @default 10000
+     */
+    connectTimeoutMS?: number;
+    /**
+     * Version of IP stack. Can be 4, 6 or null
+     * @default null
+     *
+     * If null, will attempt to connect with IPv6, and will fall back to IPv4 on failure
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/MongoClient.html
+     */
+    family?: 4 | 6 | null;
+    /**
+     * TCP Socket timeout setting
+     * @default 360000
+     */
+    socketTimeoutMS?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optional settings for creating a new Server instance
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Server.html
+ */
+export interface ServerOptions extends SSLOptions {
+    /**
+     * If you're connected to a single server or mongos proxy (as opposed to a replica set),
+     * the MongoDB driver will try to reconnect every reconnectInterval milliseconds for reconnectTries
+     * times, and give up afterward. When the driver gives up, the mongoose connection emits a
+     * reconnectFailed event.
+     * @default 30
+     */
+    reconnectTries?: number;
+    /**
+     * Will wait # milliseconds between retries
+     * @default 1000
+     */
+    reconnectInterval?: number;
+    /**
+     * @default true
+     */
+    monitoring?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Enable command monitoring for this client
+     * @default false
+     */
+    monitorCommands?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Socket Options
+     */
+    socketOptions?: SocketOptions;
+
+    /**
+     * The High availability period for replicaset inquiry
+     * @default 10000
+     */
+    haInterval?: number;
+    /**
+     * @default false
+     */
+    domainsEnabled?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Specify a file sync write concern
+     * @default false
+     */
+    fsync?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optional settings for creating a new Mongos instance
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Mongos.html
+ */
+export interface MongosOptions extends SSLOptions, HighAvailabilityOptions {
+    /**
+     * Cutoff latency point in MS for MongoS proxy selection
+     * @default 15
+     */
+    acceptableLatencyMS?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * Socket Options
+     */
+    socketOptions?: SocketOptions;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optional settings for creating a new ReplSet instance
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ReplSet.html
+ */
+export interface ReplSetOptions extends SSLOptions, HighAvailabilityOptions {
+    /**
+     * The max staleness to secondary reads (values under 10 seconds cannot be guaranteed);
+     */
+    maxStalenessSeconds?: number;
+    /**
+     * The name of the replicaset to connect to.
+     */
+    replicaSet?: string;
+    /**
+     * Range of servers to pick when using NEAREST (lowest ping ms + the latency fence, ex: range of 1 to (1 + 15) ms)
+     * @default 15
+     */
+    secondaryAcceptableLatencyMS?: number;
+    /**
+     * If the driver should connect even if no primary is available
+     * @default false
+     */
+    connectWithNoPrimary?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Optional socket options
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Server.html
+     */
+    socketOptions?: SocketOptions;
+}
+
+export type ProfilingLevel = "off" | "slow_only" | "all";
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Db instance
+ *
+ * @param databaseName The name of the database this instance represents.
+ * @param topology The server topology for the database.
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @returns Db instance
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html
+ */
+export class Db extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(databaseName: string, serverConfig: Server | ReplSet | Mongos, options?: DbCreateOptions);
+
+    serverConfig: Server | ReplSet | Mongos;
+    bufferMaxEntries: number;
+    databaseName: string;
+    options: any;
+    native_parser: boolean;
+    slaveOk: boolean;
+    writeConcern: WriteConcern;
+
+    /**
+     * Add a user to the database
+     *
+     * @param username The username
+     * @param password The password
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#addUser
+     */
+    addUser(username: string, password: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    addUser(username: string, password: string, options?: DbAddUserOptions): Promise<any>;
+    addUser(username: string, password: string, options: DbAddUserOptions, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Return the Admin db instance
+     *
+     * @returns the new Admin db instance
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#admin
+     */
+    admin(): Admin;
+    /**
+     * Fetch a specific collection (containing the actual collection information).
+     * If the application does not use strict mode you can use it without a callback in the following way: `const collection = db.collection('mycollection');`
+     *
+     * @param name The collection name you wish to access
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The collection result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#collection
+     */
+    collection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        name: string,
+        callback?: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>,
+    ): Collection<TSchema>;
+    collection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        name: string,
+        options: DbCollectionOptions,
+        callback?: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>,
+    ): Collection<TSchema>;
+    /**
+     * Fetch all collections for the current db.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The collection result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#collections
+     */
+    collections(): Promise<Array<Collection<Default>>>;
+    collections(callback: MongoCallback<Array<Collection<Default>>>): void;
+    /**
+     * Execute a command
+     *
+     * @param command The command hash
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#command
+     */
+    command(command: object, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    command(
+        command: object,
+        options?: { readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode; session?: ClientSession },
+    ): Promise<any>;
+    command(
+        command: object,
+        options: { readPreference: ReadPreferenceOrMode; session?: ClientSession },
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Create a new collection on a server with the specified options. Use this to create capped collections.
+     * More information about command options available at {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/command/create/}
+     *
+     * @param name The collection name we wish to access
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The results callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#createCollection
+     */
+    createCollection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(name: string, callback: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>): void;
+    createCollection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        name: string,
+        options?: CollectionCreateOptions,
+    ): Promise<Collection<TSchema>>;
+    createCollection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        name: string,
+        options: CollectionCreateOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Creates an index on the db and collection.
+     *
+     * @param name Name of the collection to create the index on
+     * @param fieldOrSpec Defines the index
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The results callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#createIndex
+     */
+    createIndex(name: string, fieldOrSpec: string | object, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    createIndex(name: string, fieldOrSpec: string | object, options?: IndexOptions): Promise<any>;
+    createIndex(name: string, fieldOrSpec: string | object, options: IndexOptions, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Drop a collection from the database, removing it permanently. New accesses will create a new collection.
+     *
+     * @param name Name of collection to drop
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The results callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#dropCollection
+     */
+    dropCollection(name: string): Promise<boolean>;
+    dropCollection(name: string, callback: MongoCallback<boolean>): void;
+    /**
+     * Drop a database, removing it permanently from the server.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The results callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#dropDatabase
+     */
+    dropDatabase(): Promise<any>;
+    dropDatabase(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Runs a command on the database as admin.
+     *
+     * @param command The command hash
+     * @param options Optional Settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#executeDbAdminCommand
+     */
+    executeDbAdminCommand(command: object, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    executeDbAdminCommand(
+        command: object,
+        options?: { readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode; session?: ClientSession },
+    ): Promise<any>;
+    executeDbAdminCommand(
+        command: object,
+        options: { readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode; session?: ClientSession },
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieves this collections index info.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the collection
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#indexInformation
+     */
+    indexInformation(name: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    indexInformation(name: string, options?: { full?: boolean; readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode }): Promise<any>;
+    indexInformation(
+        name: string,
+        options: { full?: boolean; readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode },
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Get the list of all collection information for the specified db.
+     *
+     * @param filter Query to filter collections by
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#listCollections
+     */
+    listCollections(
+        filter?: object,
+        options?: {
+            nameOnly?: boolean;
+            batchSize?: number;
+            readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+            session?: ClientSession;
+        },
+    ): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the current profiling information for MongoDB
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#profilingInfo
+     * @deprecated Query the system.profile collection directly.
+     */
+    profilingInfo(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    profilingInfo(options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<void>;
+    profilingInfo(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<void>): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the current profiling Level for MongoDB
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#profilingLevel
+     */
+    profilingLevel(callback: MongoCallback<ProfilingLevel>): void;
+    profilingLevel(options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<ProfilingLevel>;
+    profilingLevel(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<ProfilingLevel>): void;
+    /**
+     * Remove a user from a database
+     *
+     * @param username The username
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#removeUser
+     */
+    removeUser(username: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    removeUser(username: string, options?: CommonOptions): Promise<any>;
+    removeUser(username: string, options: CommonOptions, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Rename a collection
+     *
+     * @param fromCollection Name of current collection to rename
+     * @param toCollection New name of of the collection
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#renameCollection
+     */
+    renameCollection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        fromCollection: string,
+        toCollection: string,
+        callback: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    renameCollection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        fromCollection: string,
+        toCollection: string,
+        options?: { dropTarget?: boolean },
+    ): Promise<Collection<TSchema>>;
+    renameCollection<TSchema = DefaultSchema>(
+        fromCollection: string,
+        toCollection: string,
+        options: { dropTarget?: boolean },
+        callback: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Set the current profiling level of MongoDB
+     *
+     * @param level The new profiling level (off, slow_only, all)
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#setProfilingLevel
+     */
+    setProfilingLevel(level: ProfilingLevel, callback: MongoCallback<ProfilingLevel>): void;
+    setProfilingLevel(level: ProfilingLevel, options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<ProfilingLevel>;
+    setProfilingLevel(
+        level: ProfilingLevel,
+        options: { session?: ClientSession },
+        callback: MongoCallback<ProfilingLevel>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Get all the db statistics.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#stats
+     */
+    stats(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    stats(options?: { scale?: number }): Promise<any>;
+    stats(options: { scale?: number }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Unref all sockets
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#unref
+     */
+    unref(): void;
+    /**
+     * Create a new Change Stream, watching for new changes (insertions, updates, replacements, deletions, and invalidations) in this database.
+     * Will ignore all changes to system collections.
+     *
+     * @param pipeline An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/ aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents.
+     * This allows for filtering (using $match) and manipulating the change stream documents.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @returns ChangeStream instance
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#watch
+     */
+    watch<TSchema extends object = { _id: ObjectId }>(
+        pipeline?: object[],
+        options?: ChangeStreamOptions & { session?: ClientSession },
+    ): ChangeStream<TSchema>;
+}
+
+export interface CommonOptions extends WriteConcern {
+    session?: ClientSession;
+    writeConcern?: WriteConcern | string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Server instance
+ *
+ * @param host The host for the server, can be either an IP4, IP6 or domain socket style host.
+ * @param port The server port if IP4.
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @returns Server instance
+ * @deprecated
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Server.html
+ */
+export class Server extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(host: string, port: number, options?: ServerOptions);
+
+    connections(): any[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new ReplSet instance
+ *
+ * @param servers A seedlist of servers participating in the replicaset.
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @deprecated
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ReplSet.html
+ */
+export class ReplSet extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(servers: Server[], options?: ReplSetOptions);
+
+    connections(): any[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Mongos instance
+ *
+ * @param servers A seedlist of servers participating in the replicaset.
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @deprecated
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Mongos.html
+ */
+export class Mongos extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(servers: Server[], options?: MongosOptions);
+
+    connections(): any[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optional settings for adding a user to the database
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#addUser
+ */
+export interface DbAddUserOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    customData?: object;
+    roles?: object[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating a new collection on a server
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#createCollection
+ */
+export interface CollectionCreateOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    raw?: boolean;
+    pkFactory?: object;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     * @see https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE-2746
+     */
+    strict?: boolean;
+    capped?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    autoIndexId?: boolean;
+    size?: number;
+    max?: number;
+    flags?: number;
+    storageEngine?: object;
+    validator?: object;
+    validationLevel?: "off" | "strict" | "moderate";
+    validationAction?: "error" | "warn";
+    indexOptionDefaults?: object;
+    viewOn?: string;
+    pipeline?: any[];
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for fetching a specific collection.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#collection
+ */
+export interface DbCollectionOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    raw?: boolean;
+    pkFactory?: object;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    strict?: boolean;
+    readConcern?: ReadConcern;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating an index on the db and collection.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Db.html#createIndex
+ */
+export interface IndexOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    /**
+     * Creates an unique index.
+     */
+    unique?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Creates a sparse index.
+     */
+    sparse?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Creates the index in the background, yielding whenever possible.
+     */
+    background?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * A unique index cannot be created on a key that has pre-existing duplicate values.
+     *
+     * If you would like to create the index anyway, keeping the first document the database indexes and
+     * deleting all subsequent documents that have duplicate value
+     */
+    dropDups?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * For geo spatial indexes set the lower bound for the co-ordinates.
+     */
+    min?: number;
+    /**
+     * For geo spatial indexes set the high bound for the co-ordinates.
+     */
+    max?: number;
+    /**
+     * Specify the format version of the indexes.
+     */
+    v?: number;
+    /**
+     * Allows you to expire data on indexes applied to a data (MongoDB 2.2 or higher)
+     */
+    expireAfterSeconds?: number;
+    /**
+     * Override the auto generated index name (useful if the resulting name is larger than 128 bytes)
+     */
+    name?: string;
+    /**
+     * Creates a partial index based on the given filter object (MongoDB 3.2 or higher)
+     */
+    partialFilterExpression?: any;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+    default_language?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Admin instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @returns Collection instance
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html
+ */
+export interface Admin {
+    /**
+     * Add a user to the database.
+     *
+     * @param username The username
+     * @param password The password
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#addUser
+     */
+    addUser(username: string, password: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    addUser(username: string, password: string, options?: AddUserOptions): Promise<any>;
+    addUser(username: string, password: string, options: AddUserOptions, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the server information for the current instance of the db client
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#buildInfo
+     */
+    buildInfo(options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    buildInfo(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    buildInfo(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Execute a command
+     *
+     * @param command The command hash
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#command
+     */
+    command(command: object, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    command(command: object, options?: { readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode; maxTimeMS?: number }): Promise<any>;
+    command(
+        command: object,
+        options: { readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode; maxTimeMS?: number },
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * List the available databases
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#listDatabases
+     */
+    listDatabases(options?: { nameOnly?: boolean; session?: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    listDatabases(options: { nameOnly?: boolean; session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    listDatabases(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Ping the MongoDB server and retrieve results
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#ping
+     */
+    ping(options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    ping(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    ping(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Remove a user from a database
+     *
+     * @param username The username
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#removeUser
+     */
+    removeUser(username: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    removeUser(username: string, options?: FSyncOptions): Promise<any>;
+    removeUser(username: string, options: FSyncOptions, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Get ReplicaSet status
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#replSetGetStatus
+     */
+    replSetGetStatus(options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    replSetGetStatus(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    replSetGetStatus(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the server information for the current instance of the db client
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#serverInfo
+     */
+    serverInfo(): Promise<any>;
+    serverInfo(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve this db's server status.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#serverStatus
+     */
+    serverStatus(options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    serverStatus(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    serverStatus(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Validate an existing collection
+     *
+     * @param collectionNme The name of the collection to validate
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#validateCollection
+     */
+    validateCollection(collectionNme: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    validateCollection(collectionNme: string, options?: object): Promise<any>;
+    validateCollection(collectionNme: string, options: object, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for adding a user to the database
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#addUser
+ */
+export interface AddUserOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    fsync: boolean;
+    customData?: object;
+    roles?: object[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for removing a user from the database
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Admin.html#removeUser
+ */
+export interface FSyncOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    fsync?: boolean;
+}
+
+// TypeScript Omit (Exclude to be specific) does not work for objects with an "any" indexed type, and breaks discriminated unions
+type EnhancedOmit<T, K> = string | number extends keyof T
+    ? T // T has indexed type e.g. { _id: string; [k: string]: any; } or it is "any"
+    : T extends any
+    ? Pick<T, Exclude<keyof T, K>> // discriminated unions
+    : never;
+
+type ExtractIdType<TSchema> = TSchema extends { _id: infer U } // user has defined a type for _id
+    ? {} extends U
+        ? Exclude<U, {}>
+        : unknown extends U
+        ? ObjectId
+        : U
+    : ObjectId; // user has not defined _id on schema
+
+// this makes _id optional
+export type OptionalId<TSchema extends { _id?: any }> = ObjectId extends TSchema["_id"]
+    ? // a Schema with ObjectId _id type or "any" or "indexed type" provided
+      EnhancedOmit<TSchema, "_id"> & { _id?: ExtractIdType<TSchema> }
+    : // a Schema provided but _id type is not ObjectId
+      WithId<TSchema>;
+
+// this adds _id as a required property
+export type WithId<TSchema> = EnhancedOmit<TSchema, "_id"> & { _id: ExtractIdType<TSchema> };
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Collection instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html
+ */
+export interface Collection<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema> {
+    /**
+     * Get the collection name.
+     */
+    collectionName: string;
+    /**
+     * Get the full collection namespace.
+     */
+    namespace: string;
+    /**
+     * The current write concern values.
+     */
+    writeConcern: WriteConcern;
+    /**
+     * The current read concern values.
+     */
+    readConcern: ReadConcern;
+    /**
+     * Get current index hint for collection.
+     */
+    hint: any;
+    /**
+     * Execute an aggregation framework pipeline against the collection, needs MongoDB >= 2.2
+     *
+     * @param pipeline Array containing all the aggregation framework commands for the execution
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#aggregate
+     */
+    aggregate<T = TSchema>(callback: MongoCallback<AggregationCursor<T>>): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    aggregate<T = TSchema>(pipeline: object[], callback: MongoCallback<AggregationCursor<T>>): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    aggregate<T = TSchema>(
+        pipeline?: object[],
+        options?: CollectionAggregationOptions,
+        callback?: MongoCallback<AggregationCursor<T>>,
+    ): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Perform a bulkWrite operation without a fluent API
+     * If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+     * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+     * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+     *
+     * @param operations Bulk operations to perform
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#bulkWrite
+     */
+    bulkWrite(operations: Array<BulkWriteOperation<TSchema>>, callback: MongoCallback<BulkWriteOpResultObject>): void;
+    bulkWrite(
+        operations: Array<BulkWriteOperation<TSchema>>,
+        options?: CollectionBulkWriteOptions,
+    ): Promise<BulkWriteOpResultObject>;
+    bulkWrite(
+        operations: Array<BulkWriteOperation<TSchema>>,
+        options: CollectionBulkWriteOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<BulkWriteOpResultObject>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * An estimated count of matching documents in the db to a query.
+     *
+     * @param query The query for the count
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#count
+     * @deprecated Use `countDocuments` or `estimatedDocumentCount`
+     */
+    count(callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    count(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    count(query?: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options?: MongoCountPreferences): Promise<number>;
+    count(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options: MongoCountPreferences, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of documents matching the filter
+     * For a fast count of the total documents in a collection see `estimatedDocumentCount`.
+     *
+     * @param query The query for the count
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#countDocuments
+     */
+    countDocuments(callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    countDocuments(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    countDocuments(query?: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options?: MongoCountPreferences): Promise<number>;
+    countDocuments(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options: MongoCountPreferences, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    /**
+     * Creates an index on the db and collection collection.
+     *
+     * @param fieldOrSpec Defines the index
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#createIndex
+     */
+    createIndex(fieldOrSpec: string | any, callback: MongoCallback<string>): void;
+    createIndex(fieldOrSpec: string | any, options?: IndexOptions): Promise<string>;
+    createIndex(fieldOrSpec: string | any, options: IndexOptions, callback: MongoCallback<string>): void;
+    /**
+     * Creates multiple indexes in the collection, this method is only supported for MongoDB 2.6 or higher.
+     * Earlier version of MongoDB will throw a command not supported error.
+     * **Note:** Unlike `createIndex`, this function takes in raw index specifications.
+     * Index specifications are defined {@link http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/createIndexes/ here}.
+     *
+     * @param indexSpecs An array of index specifications to be created
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#createIndexes
+     */
+    createIndexes(indexSpecs: IndexSpecification[], callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    createIndexes(indexSpecs: IndexSpecification[], options?: { session?: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    createIndexes(
+        indexSpecs: IndexSpecification[],
+        options: { session?: ClientSession },
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Delete multiple documents from a collection
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the documents to remove
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#deleteMany
+     */
+    deleteMany(filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>): void;
+    deleteMany(filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options?: CommonOptions): Promise<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>;
+    deleteMany(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: CommonOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Delete a document from a collection
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the document to remove
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#deleteOne
+     */
+    deleteOne(filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>): void;
+    deleteOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options?: CommonOptions & { bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean },
+    ): Promise<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>;
+    deleteOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: CommonOptions & { bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean },
+        callback: MongoCallback<DeleteWriteOpResultObject>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * The distinct command returns a list of distinct values for the given key across a collection.
+     *
+     * @param key Field of the document to find distinct values for.
+     * @param query The optional query for filtering the set of documents to which we apply the distinct filter.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#distinct
+     */
+    distinct<Key extends keyof WithId<TSchema>>(
+        key: Key,
+        callback: MongoCallback<Array<FlattenIfArray<WithId<TSchema>[Key]>>>,
+    ): void;
+    distinct<Key extends keyof WithId<TSchema>>(
+        key: Key,
+        query: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<Array<FlattenIfArray<WithId<TSchema>[Key]>>>,
+    ): void;
+    distinct<Key extends keyof WithId<TSchema>>(
+        key: Key,
+        query?: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options?: MongoDistinctPreferences,
+    ): Promise<Array<FlattenIfArray<WithId<TSchema>[Key]>>>;
+    distinct<Key extends keyof WithId<TSchema>>(
+        key: Key,
+        query: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: MongoDistinctPreferences,
+        callback: MongoCallback<Array<FlattenIfArray<WithId<TSchema>[Key]>>>,
+    ): void;
+    distinct(key: string, callback: MongoCallback<any[]>): void;
+    distinct(key: string, query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<any[]>): void;
+    distinct(key: string, query?: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options?: MongoDistinctPreferences): Promise<any[]>;
+    distinct(
+        key: string,
+        query: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: MongoDistinctPreferences,
+        callback: MongoCallback<any[]>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Drop the collection from the database, removing it permanently. New accesses will create a new collection.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#drop
+     */
+    drop(options?: { session: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    drop(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    drop(options: { session: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Drops an index from this collection.
+     *
+     * @param indexName Name of the index to drop.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#dropIndex
+     */
+    dropIndex(indexName: string, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    dropIndex(indexName: string, options?: CommonOptions & { maxTimeMS?: number }): Promise<any>;
+    dropIndex(indexName: string, options: CommonOptions & { maxTimeMS?: number }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Drops all indexes from this collection.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#dropIndexes
+     */
+    dropIndexes(options?: { session?: ClientSession; maxTimeMS?: number }): Promise<any>;
+    dropIndexes(callback?: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    dropIndexes(options: { session?: ClientSession; maxTimeMS?: number }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Gets an estimate of the count of documents in a collection using collection metadata.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#estimatedDocumentCount
+     */
+    estimatedDocumentCount(callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    estimatedDocumentCount(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    estimatedDocumentCount(query?: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options?: MongoCountPreferences): Promise<number>;
+    estimatedDocumentCount(
+        query: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: MongoCountPreferences,
+        callback: MongoCallback<number>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Creates a cursor for a query that can be used to iterate over results from MongoDB
+     *
+     * @param query The cursor query object
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#find
+     */
+    find(query?: FilterQuery<TSchema>): Cursor<TSchema>;
+    find(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options?: WithoutProjection<FindOneOptions<TSchema>>): Cursor<TSchema>;
+    find<T = TSchema>(query: FilterQuery<TSchema>, options: FindOneOptions<T extends TSchema ? TSchema : T>): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Fetches the first document that matches the query
+     *
+     * @param query Query for find Operation
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOne
+     */
+    findOne(filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<TSchema>): void;
+    findOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options?: WithoutProjection<FindOneOptions<TSchema>>,
+    ): Promise<TSchema | null>;
+    findOne<T = TSchema>(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options?: FindOneOptions<T extends TSchema ? TSchema : T>,
+    ): Promise<T | null>;
+    findOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: WithoutProjection<FindOneOptions<TSchema>>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<TSchema | null>,
+    ): void;
+    findOne<T = TSchema>(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: FindOneOptions<T extends TSchema ? TSchema : T>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<T extends TSchema ? TSchema : T | null>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Find a document and delete it in one atomic operation. Requires a write lock for the duration of the operation.
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the document to remove
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOneAndDelete
+     */
+    findOneAndDelete(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    findOneAndDelete(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options?: FindOneAndDeleteOption<TSchema>,
+    ): Promise<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>;
+    findOneAndDelete(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        options: FindOneAndDeleteOption<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Find a document and replace it in one atomic operation. Requires a write lock for the duration of the operation.
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the document to replace
+     * @param replacement The Document that replaces the matching document
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOneAndReplace
+     */
+    findOneAndReplace(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        replacement: object,
+        callback: MongoCallback<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    findOneAndReplace(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        replacement: object,
+        options?: FindOneAndReplaceOption<TSchema>,
+    ): Promise<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>;
+    findOneAndReplace(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        replacement: object,
+        options: FindOneAndReplaceOption<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Find a document and update it in one atomic operation. Requires a write lock for the duration of the operation.
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the document to update
+     * @param update Update operations to be performed on the document
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOneAndUpdate
+     */
+    findOneAndUpdate(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | TSchema,
+        callback: MongoCallback<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    findOneAndUpdate(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | TSchema,
+        options?: FindOneAndUpdateOption<TSchema>,
+    ): Promise<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>;
+    findOneAndUpdate(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | TSchema,
+        options: FindOneAndUpdateOption<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Execute a geo search using a geo haystack index on a collection.
+     *
+     * @param x Point to search on the x axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+     * @param y Point to search on the y axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#geoHaystackSearch
+     * @deprecated See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/geospatial-queries/ geospatial queries docs} for current geospatial support
+     */
+    geoHaystackSearch(x: number, y: number, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    geoHaystackSearch(x: number, y: number, options?: GeoHaystackSearchOptions): Promise<any>;
+    geoHaystackSearch(x: number, y: number, options: GeoHaystackSearchOptions, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Run a group command across a collection
+     *
+     * @param keys An object, array or function expressing the keys to group by.
+     * @param condition An optional condition that must be true for a row to be considered.
+     * @param initial Initial value of the aggregation counter object.
+     * @param reduce The reduce function aggregates (reduces) the objects iterated.
+     * @param finalize An optional function to be run on each item in the result set just before the item is returned.
+     * @param command Specify if you wish to run using the internal group command or using eval, default is true.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#group
+     * @deprecated MongoDB 3.6 or higher no longer supports the group command. We recommend rewriting using the aggregation framework.
+     */
+    group(
+        keys: object | any[] | Function | Code,
+        condition: object,
+        initial: object,
+        reduce: Function | Code,
+        finalize: Function | Code,
+        command: boolean,
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    group(
+        keys: object | any[] | Function | Code,
+        condition: object,
+        initial: object,
+        reduce: Function | Code,
+        finalize: Function | Code,
+        command: boolean,
+        options?: { readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode; session?: ClientSession },
+    ): Promise<any>;
+    group(
+        keys: object | any[] | Function | Code,
+        condition: object,
+        initial: object,
+        reduce: Function | Code,
+        finalize: Function | Code,
+        command: boolean,
+        options: {
+            readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+            session?: ClientSession;
+        },
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve all the indexes on the collection.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#indexes
+     */
+    indexes(options?: { session: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    indexes(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    indexes(options: { session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Checks if one or more indexes exist on the collection, fails on first non-existing index
+     *
+     * @param indexes One or more index names to check.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#indexExists
+     */
+    indexExists(indexes: string | string[], callback: MongoCallback<boolean>): void;
+    indexExists(indexes: string | string[], options?: { session: ClientSession }): Promise<boolean>;
+    indexExists(
+        indexes: string | string[],
+        options: { session: ClientSession },
+        callback: MongoCallback<boolean>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Retrieves this collections index info.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#indexInformation
+     */
+    indexInformation(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    indexInformation(options?: { full: boolean; session: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    indexInformation(options: { full: boolean; session: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Initiate an In order bulk write operation. Operations will be serially executed in the order they are added, creating a new operation for each switch in types.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#initializeOrderedBulkOp
+     */
+    initializeOrderedBulkOp(options?: CommonOptions): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Initiate an Out of order batch write operation. All operations will be buffered into insert/update/remove commands executed out of order.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#initializeUnorderedBulkOp
+     */
+    initializeUnorderedBulkOp(options?: CommonOptions): UnorderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Inserts a single document or a an array of documents into MongoDB. If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+     * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+     * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+     *
+     * @param docs Documents to insert.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#insert
+     * @deprecated Use insertOne, insertMany or bulkWrite
+     */
+    insert(docs: OptionalId<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<InsertWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>): void;
+    insert(
+        docs: OptionalId<TSchema>,
+        options?: CollectionInsertOneOptions,
+    ): Promise<InsertWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>;
+    insert(
+        docs: OptionalId<TSchema>,
+        options: CollectionInsertOneOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<InsertWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Inserts an array of documents into MongoDB. If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+     * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+     * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+     *
+     * @param docs Documents to insert.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#insertMany
+     */
+    insertMany(docs: Array<OptionalId<TSchema>>, callback: MongoCallback<InsertWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>): void;
+    insertMany(
+        docs: Array<OptionalId<TSchema>>,
+        options?: CollectionInsertManyOptions,
+    ): Promise<InsertWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>;
+    insertMany(
+        docs: Array<OptionalId<TSchema>>,
+        options: CollectionInsertManyOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<InsertWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Inserts a single document into MongoDB. If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+     * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+     * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+     *
+     * @param doc Document to insert.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#insertOne
+     */
+    insertOne(docs: OptionalId<TSchema>, callback: MongoCallback<InsertOneWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>): void;
+    insertOne(
+        docs: OptionalId<TSchema>,
+        options?: CollectionInsertOneOptions,
+    ): Promise<InsertOneWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>;
+    insertOne(
+        docs: OptionalId<TSchema>,
+        options: CollectionInsertOneOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<InsertOneWriteOpResult<WithId<TSchema>>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Returns if the collection is a capped collection
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#isCapped
+     */
+    isCapped(options?: { session: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    isCapped(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    isCapped(options: { session: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Get the list of all indexes information for the collection.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#listIndexes
+     */
+    listIndexes(options?: {
+        batchSize?: number;
+        readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+        session?: ClientSession;
+    }): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Run Map Reduce across a collection. Be aware that the inline option for out will return an array of results not a collection.
+     *
+     * @param map The mapping function.
+     * @param reduce The reduce function.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#mapReduce
+     */
+    mapReduce<TKey, TValue>(
+        map: CollectionMapFunction<TSchema> | string,
+        reduce: CollectionReduceFunction<TKey, TValue> | string,
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    mapReduce<TKey, TValue>(
+        map: CollectionMapFunction<TSchema> | string,
+        reduce: CollectionReduceFunction<TKey, TValue> | string,
+        options?: MapReduceOptions,
+    ): Promise<any>;
+    mapReduce<TKey, TValue>(
+        map: CollectionMapFunction<TSchema> | string,
+        reduce: CollectionReduceFunction<TKey, TValue> | string,
+        options: MapReduceOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<any>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Returns the options of the collection.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#options
+     */
+    options(options?: { session: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    options(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    options(options: { session: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Return N number of parallel cursors for a collection allowing parallel reading of entire collection. There are
+     * no ordering guarantees for returned results.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#parallelCollectionScan
+     */
+    parallelCollectionScan(callback: MongoCallback<Array<Cursor<any>>>): void;
+    parallelCollectionScan(options?: ParallelCollectionScanOptions): Promise<Array<Cursor<any>>>;
+    parallelCollectionScan(options: ParallelCollectionScanOptions, callback: MongoCallback<Array<Cursor<any>>>): void;
+    /**
+     * Reindex all indexes on the collection
+     * Warning: reIndex is a blocking operation (indexes are rebuilt in the foreground) and will be slow for large collections.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#reIndex
+     * @deprecated use db.command instead
+     */
+    reIndex(options?: { session: ClientSession }): Promise<any>;
+    reIndex(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    reIndex(options: { session: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+    /**
+     * Remove documents.
+     *
+     * @param selector The selector for the update operation.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#remove
+     * @deprecated Use use deleteOne, deleteMany or bulkWrite
+     */
+    remove(selector: object, callback: MongoCallback<WriteOpResult>): void;
+    remove(selector: object, options?: CommonOptions & { single?: boolean }): Promise<WriteOpResult>;
+    remove(
+        selector: object,
+        options?: CommonOptions & { single?: boolean },
+        callback?: MongoCallback<WriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Rename the collection
+     *
+     * @param newName New name of of the collection.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#rename
+     */
+    rename(newName: string, callback: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>): void;
+    rename(newName: string, options?: { dropTarget?: boolean; session?: ClientSession }): Promise<Collection<TSchema>>;
+    rename(
+        newName: string,
+        options: { dropTarget?: boolean; session?: ClientSession },
+        callback: MongoCallback<Collection<TSchema>>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Replace a document in a collection with another document
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the document to replace
+     * @param doc The Document that replaces the matching document
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#replaceOne
+     */
+    replaceOne(filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>, doc: TSchema, callback: MongoCallback<ReplaceWriteOpResult>): void;
+    replaceOne(filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>, doc: TSchema, options?: ReplaceOneOptions): Promise<ReplaceWriteOpResult>;
+    replaceOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        doc: TSchema,
+        options: ReplaceOneOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<ReplaceWriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Save a document. Simple full document replacement function. Not recommended for efficiency, use atomic
+     * operators and update instead for more efficient operations.
+     *
+     * @param doc Document to save
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#save
+     * @deprecated Use insertOne, insertMany, updateOne or updateMany
+     */
+    save(doc: TSchema, callback: MongoCallback<WriteOpResult>): void;
+    save(doc: TSchema, options?: CommonOptions): Promise<WriteOpResult>;
+    save(doc: TSchema, options: CommonOptions, callback: MongoCallback<WriteOpResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Get all the collection statistics.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#stats
+     */
+    stats(callback: MongoCallback<CollStats>): void;
+    stats(options?: { scale: number; session?: ClientSession }): Promise<CollStats>;
+    stats(options: { scale: number; session?: ClientSession }, callback: MongoCallback<CollStats>): void;
+    /**
+     * Updates documents
+     *
+     * @param selector The selector for the update operation.
+     * @param update The update operations to be applied to the documents
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#update
+     * @deprecated use updateOne, updateMany or bulkWrite
+     */
+    update(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<WriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    update(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        options?: UpdateOneOptions & { multi?: boolean },
+    ): Promise<WriteOpResult>;
+    update(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        options: UpdateOneOptions & { multi?: boolean },
+        callback: MongoCallback<WriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Update multiple documents in a collection
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the documents to update
+     * @param update The update operations to be applied to the documents
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#updateMany
+     */
+    updateMany(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<UpdateWriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    updateMany(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        options?: UpdateManyOptions,
+    ): Promise<UpdateWriteOpResult>;
+    updateMany(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        options: UpdateManyOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<UpdateWriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Update a single document in a collection
+     *
+     * @param filter The Filter used to select the document to update
+     * @param update The update operations to be applied to the document
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The command result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#updateOne
+     */
+    updateOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        callback: MongoCallback<UpdateWriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    updateOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        options?: UpdateOneOptions,
+    ): Promise<UpdateWriteOpResult>;
+    updateOne(
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>,
+        update: UpdateQuery<TSchema> | Partial<TSchema>,
+        options: UpdateOneOptions,
+        callback: MongoCallback<UpdateWriteOpResult>,
+    ): void;
+    /**
+     * Create a new Change Stream, watching for new changes (insertions, updates, replacements, deletions, and invalidations) in this collection.
+     *
+     * @param pipeline An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/ aggregation pipeline stages}
+     * through which to pass change stream documents. This allows for filtering (using `$match`) and manipulating the change stream documents.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#watch
+     */
+    watch<T = TSchema>(
+        pipeline?: object[],
+        options?: ChangeStreamOptions & { session?: ClientSession },
+    ): ChangeStream<T>;
+    watch<T = TSchema>(options?: ChangeStreamOptions & { session?: ClientSession }): ChangeStream<T>;
+}
+
+/** Update Query */
+type KeysOfAType<TSchema, Type> = {
+    [key in keyof TSchema]: NonNullable<TSchema[key]> extends Type ? key : never;
+}[keyof TSchema];
+type KeysOfOtherType<TSchema, Type> = {
+    [key in keyof TSchema]: NonNullable<TSchema[key]> extends Type ? never : key;
+}[keyof TSchema];
+
+type AcceptedFields<TSchema, FieldType, AssignableType> = {
+    readonly [key in KeysOfAType<TSchema, FieldType>]?: AssignableType;
+};
+
+/** It avoids using fields with not acceptable types */
+type NotAcceptedFields<TSchema, FieldType> = {
+    readonly [key in KeysOfOtherType<TSchema, FieldType>]?: never;
+};
+
+type DotAndArrayNotation<AssignableType> = {
+    readonly [key: string]: AssignableType;
+};
+
+type ReadonlyPartial<TSchema> = {
+    readonly [key in keyof TSchema]?: TSchema[key];
+};
+
+export type OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, FieldType = any, AssignableType = FieldType> = AcceptedFields<
+    TSchema,
+    FieldType,
+    AssignableType
+> &
+    NotAcceptedFields<TSchema, FieldType> &
+    DotAndArrayNotation<AssignableType>;
+
+export type MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema> = ReadonlyPartial<TSchema> & DotAndArrayNotation<any>;
+
+type Unpacked<Type> = Type extends ReadonlyArray<infer Element> ? Element : Type;
+
+type UpdateOptionalId<T> = T extends { _id?: any } ? OptionalId<T> : T;
+
+export type SortValues = -1 | 1;
+
+/**
+ * Values for the $meta aggregation pipeline operator
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/aggregation/meta/#proj._S_meta
+ */
+export type MetaSortOperators = "textScore" | "indexKey";
+
+export type MetaProjectionOperators =
+    | MetaSortOperators
+    /** Only for Atlas Search https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/atlas-search/scoring/ */
+    | "searchScore"
+    /** Only for Atlas Search https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/atlas-search/highlighting/ */
+    | "searchHighlights";
+
+export type SchemaMember<T, V> = { [P in keyof T]?: V } | { [key: string]: V };
+
+export type SortOptionObject<T> = SchemaMember<T, number | { $meta?: MetaSortOperators }>;
+
+export type AddToSetOperators<Type> = {
+    $each: Type;
+};
+
+export type ArrayOperator<Type> = {
+    $each: Type;
+    $slice?: number;
+    $position?: number;
+    $sort?: SortValues | Record<string, SortValues>;
+};
+
+export type SetFields<TSchema> = ({
+    readonly [key in KeysOfAType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any> | undefined>]?:
+        | UpdateOptionalId<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>
+        | AddToSetOperators<Array<UpdateOptionalId<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>>>;
+} &
+    NotAcceptedFields<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any> | undefined>) & {
+    readonly [key: string]: AddToSetOperators<any> | any;
+};
+
+export type PushOperator<TSchema> = ({
+    readonly [key in KeysOfAType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>]?:
+        | Unpacked<TSchema[key]>
+        | ArrayOperator<Array<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>>;
+} &
+    NotAcceptedFields<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>) & {
+    readonly [key: string]: ArrayOperator<any> | any;
+};
+
+export type PullOperator<TSchema> = ({
+    readonly [key in KeysOfAType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>]?:
+        | Partial<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>
+        | ObjectQuerySelector<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>;
+} &
+    NotAcceptedFields<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>) & {
+    readonly [key: string]: QuerySelector<any> | any;
+};
+
+export type PullAllOperator<TSchema> = ({
+    readonly [key in KeysOfAType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>]?: TSchema[key];
+} &
+    NotAcceptedFields<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>) & {
+    readonly [key: string]: any[];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Modifiers to use in update operations
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/update
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/update-field/
+ * @param $currentDate Sets the value of a field to current date, either as a Date or a Timestamp.
+ * @param $inc Increments the value of the field by the specified amount.
+ * @param $min Only updates the field if the specified value is less than the existing field value.
+ * @param $max Only updates the field if the specified value is greater than the existing field value.
+ * @param $mul Multiplies the value of the field by the specified amount.
+ * @param $rename Renames a field.
+ * @param $set Sets the value of a field in a document.
+ * @param $setOnInsert Sets the value of a field if an update results in an insert of a document. Has no effect on update operations that modify existing documents.
+ * @param $unset Removes the specified field from a document.
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/update-array/
+ * @param $addToSet Adds elements to an array only if they do not already exist in the set.
+ * @param $pop Removes the first or last item of an array.
+ * @param $pull Removes all array elements that match a specified query.
+ * @param $push Adds an item to an array.
+ * @param $pullAll Removes all matching values from an array.
+ * @param $bit Performs bitwise `AND`, `OR`, and `XOR` updates of integer values.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/update-bitwise/
+ *
+ */
+export type UpdateQuery<TSchema> = {
+    $currentDate?: OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, Date | Timestamp, true | { $type: "date" | "timestamp" }>;
+    $inc?: OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, NumericTypes | undefined>;
+    $min?: MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $max?: MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $mul?: OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, NumericTypes | undefined>;
+    $rename?: { [key: string]: string };
+    $set?: MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $setOnInsert?: MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $unset?: OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, any, "" | 1 | true>;
+
+    $addToSet?: SetFields<TSchema>;
+    $pop?: OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>, 1 | -1>;
+    $pull?: PullOperator<TSchema>;
+    $push?: PushOperator<TSchema>;
+    $pullAll?: PullAllOperator<TSchema>;
+
+    $bit?: {
+        [key: string]: { [key in "and" | "or" | "xor"]?: number };
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Available BSON types
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/type/#available-types
+ */
+export enum BSONType {
+    Double = 1,
+    String,
+    Object,
+    Array,
+    BinData,
+    /** @deprecated */
+    Undefined,
+    ObjectId,
+    Boolean,
+    Date,
+    Null,
+    Regex,
+    /** @deprecated */
+    DBPointer,
+    JavaScript,
+    /** @deprecated */
+    Symbol,
+    JavaScriptWithScope,
+    Int,
+    Timestamp,
+    Long,
+    Decimal,
+    MinKey = -1,
+    MaxKey = 127,
+}
+
+type BSONTypeAlias =
+    | "number"
+    | "double"
+    | "string"
+    | "object"
+    | "array"
+    | "binData"
+    | "undefined"
+    | "objectId"
+    | "bool"
+    | "date"
+    | "null"
+    | "regex"
+    | "dbPointer"
+    | "javascript"
+    | "symbol"
+    | "javascriptWithScope"
+    | "int"
+    | "timestamp"
+    | "long"
+    | "decimal"
+    | "minKey"
+    | "maxKey";
+
+/** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query-bitwise */
+type BitwiseQuery =
+    | number /** <numeric bitmask> */
+    | Binary /** <BinData bitmask> */
+    | number[]; /** [ <position1>, <position2>, ... ] */
+
+// we can search using alternative types in mongodb e.g.
+// string types can be searched using a regex in mongo
+// array types can be searched using their element type
+type RegExpForString<T> = T extends string ? RegExp | T : T;
+type MongoAltQuery<T> = T extends ReadonlyArray<infer U> ? T | RegExpForString<U> : RegExpForString<T>;
+
+/**
+ * Available query selector types
+ *
+ * @param $eq Matches values that are equal to a specified value.
+ * @param $gt Matches values that are greater than a specified value.
+ * @param $gte Matches values that are greater than or equal to a specified value.
+ * @param $in Matches values that are greater than or equal to a specified value.
+ * @param $lt Matches values that are less than a specified value.
+ * @param $lte Matches values that are less than or equal to a specified value.
+ * @param $ne Matches all values that are not equal to a specified value.
+ * @param $nin Matches none of the values specified in an array.
+ *
+ * @param $and Joins query clauses with a logical `AND` returns all documents that match the conditions of both clauses.
+ * @param $not Inverts the effect of a query expression and returns documents that do not match the query expression.
+ * @param $nor Joins query clauses with a logical `NOR` returns all documents that fail to match both clauses.
+ * @param $or Joins query clauses with a logical `OR` returns all documents that match the conditions of either clause.
+ *
+ * @param $exists Matches documents that have the specified field.
+ * @param $type Selects documents if a field is of the specified type.
+ *
+ * @param $expr Allows use of aggregation expressions within the query language.
+ * @param $jsonSchema Validate documents against the given JSON Schema.
+ * @param $mod Performs a modulo operation on the value of a field and selects documents with a specified result.
+ * @param $regex Selects documents where values match a specified regular expression.
+ * @param $text Performs text search.
+ * @param $where Matches documents that satisfy a JavaScript expression.
+ *
+ * @param $geoIntersects Selects geometries that intersect with a {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/glossary/#term-geojson GeoJSON} geometry.
+ * The {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/2dsphere/ 2dsphere} index supports {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/geoIntersects/#op._S_geoIntersects $geoIntersects}.
+ * @param $geoWithin Selects geometries within a bounding {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/geojson/#geospatial-indexes-store-geojson GeoJSON geometry}.
+ * The {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/2dsphere/ 2dsphere} and {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/2d/ 2d} indexes
+ * support {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/#op._S_geoWithin $geoWithin}.
+ * @param $near Returns geospatial objects in proximity to a point. Requires a geospatial index. The {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/2dsphere/ 2dsphere}
+ * and {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/2d/ 2d} indexes support {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/near/#op._S_near $near}.
+ * @param $nearSphere Returns geospatial objects in proximity to a point on a sphere. Requires a geospatial index. The {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/core/2dsphere/ 2dsphere} and
+ * {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/nearSphere/#op._S_nearSphere 2d} indexes support
+ * {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/nearSphere/#op._S_nearSphere $nearSphere}.
+ *
+ * @param $all Matches arrays that contain all elements specified in the query.
+ * @param $elemMatch Selects documents if element in the array field matches all the specified
+ * {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/elemMatch/#op._S_elemMatch $elemMatch} conditions.
+ * @param $size Selects documents if the array field is a specified size.
+ *
+ * @param $bitsAllClear Matches numeric or binary values in which a set of bit positions all have a value of `0`.
+ * @param $bitsAllSet Matches numeric or binary values in which a set of bit positions all have a value of `1`.
+ * @param $bitsAnyClear Matches numeric or binary values in which any bit from a set of bit positions has a value of `0`.
+ * @param $bitsAnySet Matches numeric or binary values in which any bit from a set of bit positions has a value of `1`.
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/#query-selectors
+ */
+export type QuerySelector<T> = {
+    // Comparison
+    $eq?: T;
+    $gt?: T;
+    $gte?: T;
+    $in?: T[];
+    $lt?: T;
+    $lte?: T;
+    $ne?: T;
+    $nin?: T[];
+    // Logical
+    $not?: T extends string ? QuerySelector<T> | RegExp : QuerySelector<T>;
+    // Element
+    /**
+     * When `true`, `$exists` matches the documents that contain the field,
+     * including documents where the field value is null.
+     */
+    $exists?: boolean;
+    $type?: BSONType | BSONTypeAlias;
+    // Evaluation
+    $expr?: any;
+    $jsonSchema?: any;
+    $mod?: T extends number ? [number, number] : never;
+    $regex?: T extends string ? RegExp | string : never;
+    $options?: T extends string ? string : never;
+    // Geospatial
+    // TODO: define better types for geo queries
+    $geoIntersects?: { $geometry: object };
+    $geoWithin?: object;
+    $near?: object;
+    $nearSphere?: object;
+    $maxDistance?: number;
+    // Array
+    // TODO: define better types for $all and $elemMatch
+    $all?: T extends ReadonlyArray<infer U> ? any[] : never;
+    $elemMatch?: T extends ReadonlyArray<infer U> ? object : never;
+    $size?: T extends ReadonlyArray<infer U> ? number : never;
+    // Bitwise
+    $bitsAllClear?: BitwiseQuery;
+    $bitsAllSet?: BitwiseQuery;
+    $bitsAnyClear?: BitwiseQuery;
+    $bitsAnySet?: BitwiseQuery;
+};
+
+export type RootQuerySelector<T> = {
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/and/#op._S_and */
+    $and?: Array<FilterQuery<T>>;
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/nor/#op._S_nor */
+    $nor?: Array<FilterQuery<T>>;
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/or/#op._S_or */
+    $or?: Array<FilterQuery<T>>;
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/text */
+    $text?: {
+        $search: string;
+        $language?: string;
+        $caseSensitive?: boolean;
+        $diacriticSensitive?: boolean;
+    };
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/where/#op._S_where */
+    $where?: string | Function;
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/comment/#op._S_comment */
+    $comment?: string;
+    // we could not find a proper TypeScript generic to support nested queries e.g. 'user.friends.name'
+    // this will mark all unrecognized properties as any (including nested queries)
+    [key: string]: any;
+};
+
+export type ObjectQuerySelector<T> = T extends object ? { [key in keyof T]?: QuerySelector<T[key]> } : QuerySelector<T>;
+
+export type Condition<T> = MongoAltQuery<T> | QuerySelector<MongoAltQuery<T>>;
+
+export type FilterQuery<T> = {
+    [P in keyof T]?: Condition<T[P]>;
+} &
+    RootQuerySelector<T>;
+
+/** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#insertone */
+export type BulkWriteInsertOneOperation<TSchema> = {
+    insertOne: {
+        document: OptionalId<TSchema>;
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Options for the updateOne and updateMany operations
+ *
+ * @param arrayFilters Optional. An array of filter documents that determines which array elements to modify for an update operation on an array field.
+ * @param collaction Optional. Specifies the collation to use for the operation.
+ * @param filter The selection criteria for the update. The same {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/#query-selectors query selectors}
+ * as in the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.find/#db.collection.find find()} method are available.
+ * @param update The modifications to apply.
+ * @param upsert When true, the operation either creates a new document if no documents match the `filter` or updates the document(s) that match the `filter`.
+ * For more details see {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.update/#upsert-behavior upsert behavior}
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#updateone-and-updatemany
+ */
+export type BulkWriteUpdateOperation<TSchema> = {
+    arrayFilters?: object[];
+    collation?: object;
+    filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>;
+    update: UpdateQuery<TSchema>;
+    upsert?: boolean;
+};
+export type BulkWriteUpdateOneOperation<TSchema> = {
+    updateOne: BulkWriteUpdateOperation<TSchema>;
+};
+export type BulkWriteUpdateManyOperation<TSchema> = {
+    updateMany: BulkWriteUpdateOperation<TSchema>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Options for the replaceOne operation
+ *
+ * @param collation Optional. Specifies the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/bson-type-comparison-order/#collation collation} to use for the operation.
+ * @param filter The selection criteria for the update. The same {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/query/#query-selectors query selectors}
+ * as in the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.find/#db.collection.find find()} method are available.
+ * @param replacement The replacement document.
+ * @param upsert When true, replaceOne either inserts the document from the `replacement` parameter if no document matches the `filter`
+ * or replaces the document that matches the `filter` with the `replacement` document.
+ * For more details see {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.update/#upsert-behavior upsert behavior}
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#replaceone
+ */
+export type BulkWriteReplaceOneOperation<TSchema> = {
+    replaceOne: {
+        collation?: object;
+        filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>;
+        replacement: TSchema;
+        upsert?: boolean;
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Options for the deleteOne and deleteMany operations
+ *
+ * @param collation Optional. Specifies the collation to use for the operation.
+ * @param filter Specifies deletion criteria using {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/ query operators}.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#deleteone-and-deletemany
+ */
+export type BulkWriteDeleteOperation<TSchema> = {
+    collation?: object;
+    filter: FilterQuery<TSchema>;
+};
+export type BulkWriteDeleteOneOperation<TSchema> = {
+    deleteOne: BulkWriteDeleteOperation<TSchema>;
+};
+export type BulkWriteDeleteManyOperation<TSchema> = {
+    deleteMany: BulkWriteDeleteOperation<TSchema>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Possible operations with the Collection.bulkWrite method
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#bulkWrite
+ */
+export type BulkWriteOperation<TSchema> =
+    | BulkWriteInsertOneOperation<TSchema>
+    | BulkWriteUpdateOneOperation<TSchema>
+    | BulkWriteUpdateManyOperation<TSchema>
+    | BulkWriteReplaceOneOperation<TSchema>
+    | BulkWriteDeleteOneOperation<TSchema>
+    | BulkWriteDeleteManyOperation<TSchema>;
+
+/**
+ * Returned object for the CollStats command in db.runCommand
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/collStats/
+ */
+export interface CollStats {
+    /**
+     * Namespace.
+     */
+    ns: string;
+    /**
+     * Number of documents.
+     */
+    count: number;
+    /**
+     * Collection size in bytes.
+     */
+    size: number;
+    /**
+     * Average object size in bytes.
+     */
+    avgObjSize: number;
+    /**
+     * (Pre)allocated space for the collection in bytes.
+     */
+    storageSize: number;
+    /**
+     * Number of extents (contiguously allocated chunks of datafile space).
+     */
+    numExtents: number;
+    /**
+     * Number of indexes.
+     */
+    nindexes: number;
+    /**
+     * Size of the most recently created extent in bytes.
+     */
+    lastExtentSize: number;
+    /**
+     * Padding can speed up updates if documents grow.
+     */
+    paddingFactor: number;
+    /**
+     * A number that indicates the user-set flags on the collection. userFlags only appears when using the mmapv1 storage engine.
+     */
+    userFlags?: number;
+    /**
+     * Total index size in bytes.
+     */
+    totalIndexSize: number;
+    /**
+     * Size of specific indexes in bytes.
+     */
+    indexSizes: {
+        _id_: number;
+        [index: string]: number;
+    };
+    /**
+     * `true` if the collection is capped.
+     */
+    capped: boolean;
+    /**
+     * The maximum number of documents that may be present in a capped collection.
+     */
+    max: number;
+    /**
+     * The maximum size of a capped collection.
+     */
+    maxSize: number;
+    wiredTiger?: WiredTigerData;
+    indexDetails?: any;
+    ok: number;
+}
+
+export interface WiredTigerData {
+    LSM: {
+        "bloom filter false positives": number;
+        "bloom filter hits": number;
+        "bloom filter misses": number;
+        "bloom filter pages evicted from cache": number;
+        "bloom filter pages read into cache": number;
+        "bloom filters in the LSM tree": number;
+        "chunks in the LSM tree": number;
+        "highest merge generation in the LSM tree": number;
+        "queries that could have benefited from a Bloom filter that did not exist": number;
+        "sleep for LSM checkpoint throttle": number;
+        "sleep for LSM merge throttle": number;
+        "total size of bloom filters": number;
+    };
+    "block-manager": {
+        "allocations requiring file extension": number;
+        "blocks allocated": number;
+        "blocks freed": number;
+        "checkpoint size": number;
+        "file allocation unit size": number;
+        "file bytes available for reuse": number;
+        "file magic number": number;
+        "file major version number": number;
+        "file size in bytes": number;
+        "minor version number": number;
+    };
+    btree: {
+        "btree checkpoint generation": number;
+        "column-store fixed-size leaf pages": number;
+        "column-store internal pages": number;
+        "column-store variable-size RLE encoded values": number;
+        "column-store variable-size deleted values": number;
+        "column-store variable-size leaf pages": number;
+        "fixed-record size": number;
+        "maximum internal page key size": number;
+        "maximum internal page size": number;
+        "maximum leaf page key size": number;
+        "maximum leaf page size": number;
+        "maximum leaf page value size": number;
+        "maximum tree depth": number;
+        "number of key/value pairs": number;
+        "overflow pages": number;
+        "pages rewritten by compaction": number;
+        "row-store internal pages": number;
+        "row-store leaf pages": number;
+    };
+    cache: {
+        "bytes currently in the cache": number;
+        "bytes read into cache": number;
+        "bytes written from cache": number;
+        "checkpoint blocked page eviction": number;
+        "data source pages selected for eviction unable to be evicted": number;
+        "hazard pointer blocked page eviction": number;
+        "in-memory page passed criteria to be split": number;
+        "in-memory page splits": number;
+        "internal pages evicted": number;
+        "internal pages split during eviction": number;
+        "leaf pages split during eviction": number;
+        "modified pages evicted": number;
+        "overflow pages read into cache": number;
+        "overflow values cached in memory": number;
+        "page split during eviction deepened the tree": number;
+        "page written requiring lookaside records": number;
+        "pages read into cache": number;
+        "pages read into cache requiring lookaside entries": number;
+        "pages requested from the cache": number;
+        "pages written from cache": number;
+        "pages written requiring in-memory restoration": number;
+        "tracked dirty bytes in the cache": number;
+        "unmodified pages evicted": number;
+    };
+    cache_walk: {
+        "Average difference between current eviction generation when the page was last considered": number;
+        "Average on-disk page image size seen": number;
+        "Clean pages currently in cache": number;
+        "Current eviction generation": number;
+        "Dirty pages currently in cache": number;
+        "Entries in the root page": number;
+        "Internal pages currently in cache": number;
+        "Leaf pages currently in cache": number;
+        "Maximum difference between current eviction generation when the page was last considered": number;
+        "Maximum page size seen": number;
+        "Minimum on-disk page image size seen": number;
+        "On-disk page image sizes smaller than a single allocation unit": number;
+        "Pages created in memory and never written": number;
+        "Pages currently queued for eviction": number;
+        "Pages that could not be queued for eviction": number;
+        "Refs skipped during cache traversal": number;
+        "Size of the root page": number;
+        "Total number of pages currently in cache": number;
+    };
+    compression: {
+        "compressed pages read": number;
+        "compressed pages written": number;
+        "page written failed to compress": number;
+        "page written was too small to compress": number;
+        "raw compression call failed, additional data available": number;
+        "raw compression call failed, no additional data available": number;
+        "raw compression call succeeded": number;
+    };
+    cursor: {
+        "bulk-loaded cursor-insert calls": number;
+        "create calls": number;
+        "cursor-insert key and value bytes inserted": number;
+        "cursor-remove key bytes removed": number;
+        "cursor-update value bytes updated": number;
+        "insert calls": number;
+        "next calls": number;
+        "prev calls": number;
+        "remove calls": number;
+        "reset calls": number;
+        "restarted searches": number;
+        "search calls": number;
+        "search near calls": number;
+        "truncate calls": number;
+        "update calls": number;
+    };
+    reconciliation: {
+        "dictionary matches": number;
+        "fast-path pages deleted": number;
+        "internal page key bytes discarded using suffix compression": number;
+        "internal page multi-block writes": number;
+        "internal-page overflow keys": number;
+        "leaf page key bytes discarded using prefix compression": number;
+        "leaf page multi-block writes": number;
+        "leaf-page overflow keys": number;
+        "maximum blocks required for a page": number;
+        "overflow values written": number;
+        "page checksum matches": number;
+        "page reconciliation calls": number;
+        "page reconciliation calls for eviction": number;
+        "pages deleted": number;
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.aggregate
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#aggregate
+ */
+export interface CollectionAggregationOptions {
+    /**
+     * The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+     */
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    /**
+     * Return the query as cursor, on 2.6 > it returns as a real cursor
+     * on pre 2.6 it returns as an emulated cursor.
+     */
+    cursor?: { batchSize?: number };
+    /**
+     * Explain returns the aggregation execution plan (requires mongodb 2.6 >).
+     */
+    explain?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Lets the server know if it can use disk to store
+     * temporary results for the aggregation (requires mongodb 2.6 >).
+     */
+    allowDiskUse?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * specifies a cumulative time limit in milliseconds for processing operations
+     * on the cursor. MongoDB interrupts the operation at the earliest following interrupt point.
+     */
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    /**
+     * Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+     */
+    bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean;
+    hint?: string | object;
+    raw?: boolean;
+    promoteLongs?: boolean;
+    promoteValues?: boolean;
+    promoteBuffers?: boolean;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+    comment?: string;
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.insertMany
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#insertMany
+ */
+export interface CollectionInsertManyOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    /**
+     * Serialize functions on any object.
+     */
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+     */
+    forceServerObjectId?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+     */
+    bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * If true, when an insert fails, don't execute the remaining writes. If false, continue with remaining inserts when one fails.
+     */
+    ordered?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.bulkWrite
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#bulkWrite
+ */
+export interface CollectionBulkWriteOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    /**
+     * Serialize functions on any object.
+     */
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Execute write operation in ordered or unordered fashion.
+     */
+    ordered?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+     */
+    bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean;
+    //Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+    forceServerObjectId?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object for Collection.bulkWrite operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~BulkWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface BulkWriteOpResultObject {
+    insertedCount?: number;
+    matchedCount?: number;
+    modifiedCount?: number;
+    deletedCount?: number;
+    upsertedCount?: number;
+    insertedIds?: { [index: number]: any };
+    upsertedIds?: { [index: number]: any };
+    result?: any;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.count
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#count
+ */
+export interface MongoCountPreferences {
+    /**
+     * The limit of documents to count.
+     */
+    limit?: number;
+    /**
+     * The number of documents to skip for the count.
+     */
+    skip?: number;
+    /**
+     * An index name hint for the query.
+     */
+    hint?: string;
+    /**
+     * The preferred read preference
+     */
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    /**
+     * Number of miliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+     */
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    /**
+     * Optional session to use for this operation
+     */
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.distinct
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#distinct
+ */
+export interface MongoDistinctPreferences {
+    /**
+     * The preferred read preference
+     */
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    /**
+     * Number of miliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+     */
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    /**
+     * Optional session to use for this operation
+     */
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from delete write operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~deleteWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface DeleteWriteOpResultObject {
+    //The raw result returned from MongoDB, field will vary depending on server version.
+    result: {
+        //Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+        ok?: number;
+        //The total count of documents deleted.
+        n?: number;
+    };
+    //The connection object used for the operation.
+    connection?: any;
+    //The number of documents deleted.
+    deletedCount?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from findAndModify operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~findAndModifyWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<TSchema> {
+    //Document returned from findAndModify command.
+    value?: TSchema;
+    //The raw lastErrorObject returned from the command.
+    lastErrorObject?: any;
+    //Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+    ok?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from findAndReplace operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOneAndReplace
+ */
+export interface FindOneAndReplaceOption<T> extends CommonOptions {
+    projection?: SchemaMember<T, ProjectionOperators | number | boolean | any>;
+    sort?: SortOptionObject<T>;
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    upsert?: boolean;
+    returnDocument?: 'after' | 'before';
+    /** @deprecated Use returnDocument */
+    returnOriginal?: boolean;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Possible projection operators
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/projection/
+ */
+export interface ProjectionOperators {
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/projection/elemMatch/#proj._S_elemMatch */
+    $elemMatch?: object;
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/operator/projection/slice/#proj._S_slice */
+    $slice?: number | [number, number];
+    $meta?: MetaProjectionOperators;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from findOneAndUpdate operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOneAndUpdate
+ */
+export interface FindOneAndUpdateOption<T> extends FindOneAndReplaceOption<T> {
+    arrayFilters?: object[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from findOneAndDelete operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOneAndDelete
+ */
+export interface FindOneAndDeleteOption<T> {
+    projection?: SchemaMember<T, ProjectionOperators | number | boolean | any>;
+    sort?: SortOptionObject<T>;
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    session?: ClientSession;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.geoHaystackSearch
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#geoHaystackSearch
+ */
+export interface GeoHaystackSearchOptions {
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    maxDistance?: number;
+    search?: object;
+    limit?: number;
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Code type.
+ *
+ * @param name a string or function.
+ * @param scope an optional scope for the function.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Code.html
+ */
+export class Code {
+    constructor(code: string | Function, scope?: object);
+    code: string | Function;
+    scope: any;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new OrderedBulkOperation instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/OrderedBulkOperation.html
+ */
+export interface OrderedBulkOperation {
+    length: number;
+    /**
+     * Execute the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param _writeConcern Optional write concern. Can also be specified through options
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback A callback that will be invoked when bulkWrite finishes/errors
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/OrderedBulkOperation.html#execute
+     */
+    execute(callback: MongoCallback<BulkWriteResult>): void;
+    execute(options?: FSyncOptions): Promise<BulkWriteResult>;
+    execute(options: FSyncOptions, callback: MongoCallback<BulkWriteResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Builds a find operation for an update/updateOne/delete/deleteOne/replaceOne.
+     * Returns a builder object used to complete the definition of the operation.
+     *
+     * @param selector The selector for the bulk operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-q q documentation}
+     * @returns helper object with which the write operation can be defined.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/OrderedBulkOperation.html#find
+     */
+    find(selector: object): FindOperators;
+    /**
+     * Add a single insert document to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param document the document to insert
+     * @returns reference to self
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/OrderedBulkOperation.html#insert
+     */
+    insert(document: object): OrderedBulkOperation;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning upserted object from bulkWrite operations
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/BulkWriteResult/index.html#BulkWriteResult.upserted
+ */
+export interface BulkWriteResultUpsertedIdObject {
+    index: number;
+    _id: ObjectId;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from bulkWrite operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/BulkWriteResult.html
+ */
+export interface BulkWriteResult {
+    /**
+     * Evaluates to `true` if the bulk operation correctly executes
+     */
+    ok: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of documents inserted, excluding upserted documents.
+     */
+    nInserted: number;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of documents selected for update.
+     *
+     * If the update operation results in no change to the document,
+     * e.g. `$set` expression updates the value to the current value,
+     * nMatched can be greater than nModified.
+     */
+    nMatched: number;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of existing documents updated.
+     *
+     * If the update/replacement operation results in no change to the document,
+     * such as setting the value of the field to its current value,
+     * nModified can be less than nMatched
+     */
+    nModified: number;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of documents inserted by an {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/method/db.collection.update/#upsert-parameter upsert}.
+     */
+    nUpserted: number;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of documents removed.
+     */
+    nRemoved: number;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of all inserted ids
+     */
+    getInsertedIds(): object[];
+    /**
+     * Retrieve lastOp if available
+     */
+    getLastOp(): object;
+    /**
+     * Returns raw internal result
+     */
+    getRawResponse(): object;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the upserted id at the given index
+     *
+     * @param index the number of the upserted id to return, returns `undefined` if no result for passed in index
+     */
+    getUpsertedIdAt(index: number): BulkWriteResultUpsertedIdObject;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of all upserted ids
+     */
+    getUpsertedIds(): BulkWriteResultUpsertedIdObject[];
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the write concern error if any
+     */
+    getWriteConcernError(): WriteConcernError;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a specific write error object
+     *
+     * @param index of the write error to return, returns `null` if there is no result for passed in index
+     */
+    getWriteErrorAt(index: number): WriteError;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of write errors off the bulk operation
+     */
+    getWriteErrorCount(): number;
+    /**
+     * Retrieve all write errors
+     */
+    getWriteErrors(): object[];
+    /**
+     * Returns `true` if the bulk operation contains a write error
+     */
+    hasWriteErrors(): boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error that occurred during a BulkWrite on the server.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/WriteError.html
+ */
+export interface WriteError {
+    /**
+     * Write concern error code.
+     */
+    code: number;
+    /**
+     * Write concern error original bulk operation index.
+     */
+    index: number;
+    /**
+     * Write concern error message.
+     */
+    errmsg: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error representing a failure by the server to apply the requested write concern to the bulk operation.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/WriteConcernError.html
+ */
+export interface WriteConcernError {
+    /**
+     * Write concern error code.
+     */
+    code: number;
+    /**
+     * Write concern error message.
+     */
+    errmsg: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A builder object that is returned from {@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/BulkOperationBase.html#find BulkOperationBase#find}.
+ * Is used to build a write operation that involves a query filter.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html
+ */
+export interface FindOperators {
+    /**
+     * Add a delete many operation to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @returns reference to the parent BulkOperation
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#delete
+     */
+    delete(): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Add a delete one operation to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @returns reference to the parent BulkOperation
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#deleteOne
+     */
+    deleteOne(): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Backwards compatibility for {@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#delete delete()}
+     * @deprecated As of version 3.6.7
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#remove
+     */
+    remove(): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Backwards compatibility for {@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#deleteOne deleteOne()}
+     * @deprecated As of version 3.6.7
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#removeOne
+     */
+    removeOne(): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Add a replace one operation to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param replacement the new document to replace the existing one with
+     * @returns reference to the parent BulkOperation
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#replaceOne
+     */
+    replaceOne(replacement: object): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Add a multiple update operation to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param updateDocument An update field for an update operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-u u documentation}
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @returns reference to the parent BulkOperation
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#update
+     */
+    update(updateDocument: object, options?: { hint: object }): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Add a single update operation to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param updateDocument An update field for an update operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-u u documentation}
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @returns reference to the parent BulkOperation
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#updateOne
+     */
+    updateOne(updateDocument: object, options?: { hint: object }): OrderedBulkOperation;
+    /**
+     * Upsert modifier for update bulk operation, noting that this operation is an upsert.
+     *
+     * @returns reference to self
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/FindOperators.html#upsert
+     */
+    upsert(): FindOperators;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new UnorderedBulkOperation instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/UnorderedBulkOperation.html
+ */
+export interface UnorderedBulkOperation {
+    /**
+     * Get the number of operations in the bulk.
+     */
+    length: number;
+    /**
+     * Execute the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param _writeConcern Optional write concern. Can also be specified through options.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback A callback that will be invoked when bulkWrite finishes/errors
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/UnorderedBulkOperation.html#execute
+     */
+    execute(callback: MongoCallback<BulkWriteResult>): void;
+    execute(options?: FSyncOptions): Promise<BulkWriteResult>;
+    execute(options: FSyncOptions, callback: MongoCallback<BulkWriteResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Builds a find operation for an update/updateOne/delete/deleteOne/replaceOne.
+     * Returns a builder object used to complete the definition of the operation.
+     *
+     * @param selector The selector for the bulk operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-q q documentation}
+     * @returns helper object with which the write operation can be defined.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/UnorderedBulkOperation.html#find
+     */
+    find(selector: object): FindOperators;
+    /**
+     * Add a single insert document to the bulk operation
+     *
+     * @param document the document to insert
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/UnorderedBulkOperation.html#insert
+     */
+    insert(document: object): UnorderedBulkOperation;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.findOne operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#findOne
+ */
+export interface FindOneOptions<T> {
+    limit?: number;
+    sort?: Array<[string, number]> | SortOptionObject<T>;
+    projection?: SchemaMember<T, ProjectionOperators | number | boolean | any>;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use options.projection instead
+     */
+    fields?: { [P in keyof T]: boolean | number };
+    skip?: number;
+    hint?: object;
+    explain?: boolean;
+    snapshot?: boolean;
+    timeout?: boolean;
+    tailable?: boolean;
+    awaitData?: boolean;
+    batchSize?: number;
+    returnKey?: boolean;
+    maxScan?: number;
+    min?: number;
+    max?: number;
+    showDiskLoc?: boolean;
+    comment?: string;
+    raw?: boolean;
+    promoteLongs?: boolean;
+    promoteValues?: boolean;
+    promoteBuffers?: boolean;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    partial?: boolean;
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.insertOne operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#insertOne
+ */
+export interface CollectionInsertOneOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    /**
+     * Serialize functions on any object.
+     */
+    serializeFunctions?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+     */
+    forceServerObjectId?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+     */
+    bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from insert write operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~insertWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface InsertWriteOpResult<TSchema extends { _id: any }> {
+    insertedCount: number;
+    ops: TSchema[];
+    insertedIds: { [key: number]: TSchema["_id"] };
+    connection: any;
+    result: { ok: number; n: number };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from insertOne write operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~insertOneWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface InsertOneWriteOpResult<TSchema extends { _id: any }> {
+    insertedCount: number;
+    ops: TSchema[];
+    insertedId: TSchema["_id"];
+    connection: any;
+    result: { ok: number; n: number };
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Options for Collection.parallelCollectionScan operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#parallelCollectionScan
+ */
+export interface ParallelCollectionScanOptions {
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    batchSize?: number;
+    numCursors?: number;
+    raw?: boolean;
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.replaceOne operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#replaceOne
+ */
+export interface ReplaceOneOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    upsert?: boolean;
+    bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.updateOne operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#updateOne
+ */
+export interface UpdateOneOptions extends ReplaceOneOptions {
+    arrayFilters?: object[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.updateMany operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#updateMany
+ */
+export interface UpdateManyOptions extends CommonOptions {
+    upsert?: boolean;
+    arrayFilters?: object[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from update write operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~updateWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface UpdateWriteOpResult {
+    result: { ok: number; n: number; nModified: number };
+    connection: any;
+    matchedCount: number;
+    modifiedCount: number;
+    upsertedCount: number;
+    upsertedId: { _id: ObjectId };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from replace write operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~updateWriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface ReplaceWriteOpResult extends UpdateWriteOpResult {
+    ops: any[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Collection.mapReduce operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#mapReduce
+ */
+export interface MapReduceOptions {
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+    out?: object;
+    query?: object;
+    sort?: object;
+    limit?: number;
+    keeptemp?: boolean;
+    finalize?: Function | string;
+    scope?: object;
+    jsMode?: boolean;
+    verbose?: boolean;
+    bypassDocumentValidation?: boolean;
+    session?: ClientSession;
+}
+
+export type CollectionMapFunction<TSchema> = (this: TSchema) => void;
+
+export type CollectionReduceFunction<TKey, TValue> = (key: TKey, values: TValue[]) => TValue;
+
+/**
+ * Returning object from write operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ */
+export interface WriteOpResult {
+    ops: any[];
+    connection: any;
+    result: any;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callback for cursor operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#~resultCallback
+ */
+export type CursorResult = object | null | boolean;
+
+type Default = any;
+type DefaultSchema = any;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Cursor instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html
+ */
+export class Cursor<T = Default> extends Readable {
+    [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<T>;
+    sortValue: string;
+    timeout: boolean;
+    readPreference: ReadPreference;
+    /**
+     * Add a cursor flag to the cursor
+     *
+     * @param flag The flag to set, must be one of following ['`tailable`', '`oplogReplay`', '`noCursorTimeout`', '`awaitData`', '`partial`'].
+     * @param value The flag boolean value.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#addCursorFlag
+     */
+    addCursorFlag(flag: 'tailable' | 'oplogReplay' | 'noCursorTimeout' | 'awaitData' | 'partial' | string, value: boolean): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a query modifier to the cursor query
+     *
+     * @param name The query modifier (must start with $, such as `$orderby` etc)
+     * @param value The modifier value.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#addQueryModifier
+     */
+    addQueryModifier(name: string, value: boolean | string | number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the batch size for the cursor.
+     * The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/find/ find command documentation}.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#batchSize
+     */
+    batchSize(value: number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Clone the cursor
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#clone
+     */
+    clone(): Cursor<T>; // still returns the same type
+    /**
+     * Close the cursor, sending a KillCursor command and emitting close.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#close
+     */
+    close(options?: { skipKillCursors: boolean }): Promise<CursorResult>;
+    close(options: { skipKillCursors: boolean }, callback: MongoCallback<CursorResult>): void;
+    close(callback: MongoCallback<CursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Set the collation options for the cursor.
+     *
+     * @param value The cursor collation options (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#collation
+     */
+    collation(value: CollationDocument): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a comment to the cursor query allowing for tracking the comment in the log.
+     *
+     * @param value The comment attached to this query.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#comment
+     */
+    comment(value: string): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Get the count of documents for this cursor
+     *
+     * @param applySkipLimit Should the count command apply limit and skip settings on the cursor or in the passed in options.
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#count
+     */
+    count(callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    count(applySkipLimit: boolean, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    count(options: CursorCommentOptions, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    count(applySkipLimit: boolean, options: CursorCommentOptions, callback: MongoCallback<number>): void;
+    count(applySkipLimit?: boolean, options?: CursorCommentOptions): Promise<number>;
+    /**
+     * Execute the explain for the cursor
+     * For backwards compatibility, a verbosity of true is interpreted as `allPlansExecution`
+     * and false as `queryPlanner`. Prior to server version 3.6, `aggregate()`
+     * ignores the verbosity parameter and executes in `queryPlanner`.
+     *
+     * @param verbosity An optional mode in which to run the explain.
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#explain
+     */
+    explain(verbosity?: string | boolean, callback?: MongoCallback<CursorResult>): Promise<CursorResult>;
+    explain(callback?: MongoCallback<CursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor query
+     *
+     * @param filter The filter object used for the cursor
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#filter
+     */
+    filter(filter: object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor using the iterator, callback pattern.
+     *
+     * @param iterator The iteration callback
+     * @param callback The end callback
+     * @returns no callback supplied
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#forEach
+     */
+    forEach(iterator: IteratorCallback<T>, callback: EndCallback): void;
+    forEach(iterator: IteratorCallback<T>): Promise<void>;
+    /**
+     * Check if there is any document still available in the cursor
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#hasNext
+     */
+    hasNext(): Promise<boolean>;
+    hasNext(callback: MongoCallback<boolean>): void;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor hint
+     *
+     * @param hint If specified, then the query system will only consider plans using the hinted index.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#hint
+     */
+    hint(hint: string | object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Is the cursor closed
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#isClosed
+     */
+    isClosed(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Set the limit for the cursor
+     *
+     * @param value The limit for the cursor query
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#limit
+     */
+    limit(value: number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Map all documents using the provided function
+     *
+     * @param transform The mapping transformation method
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#map
+     */
+    map<U>(transform: (document: T) => U): Cursor<U>;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor max
+     *
+     * @param max Specify a $max value to specify the exclusive upper bound for a specific index in order to constrain the results of find().
+     * The $max specifies the upper bound for all keys of a specific index in order.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#max
+     */
+    max(max: object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set a maxAwaitTimeMS on a tailing cursor query to allow to customize the timeout value for the option awaitData (Only supported on MongoDB 3.2 or higher, ignored otherwise)
+     *
+     * @param value Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the tailed query
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#maxAwaitTimeMS
+     */
+    maxAwaitTimeMS(value: number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor maxScan
+     *
+     * @param maxScan Constrains the query to only scan the specified number of documents when fulfilling the query
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#maxScan
+     */
+    maxScan(maxScan: object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set a maxTimeMS on the cursor query, allowing for hard timeout limits on queries (Only supported on MongoDB 2.6 or higher)
+     *
+     * @param value Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#maxTimeMS
+     */
+    maxTimeMS(value: number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor min
+     *
+     * @param min Specify a $min value to specify the inclusive lower bound for a specific index in order to constrain the results of find().
+     * The $min specifies the lower bound for all keys of a specific index in order.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#min
+     */
+    min(min: object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#next
+     */
+    next(): Promise<T | null>;
+    next(callback: MongoCallback<T | null>): void;
+    /**
+     * Sets a field projection for the query
+     *
+     * @param value The field projection object
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#project
+     */
+    project<U = T>(value: SchemaMember<T, ProjectionOperators | number | boolean | any>): Cursor<U>;
+    /**
+     * The read() method pulls some data out of the internal buffer and returns it. If there is no data available, then it will return null.
+     *
+     * @param size Optional argument to specify how much data to read.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#read
+     */
+    read(size?: number): string | Buffer | void;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor returnKey. If set to true, modifies the cursor to only return the index field or fields for the results of the query, rather than documents.
+     * If set to true and the query does not use an index to perform the read operation, the returned documents will not contain any fields.
+     *
+     * @param returnKey the returnKey value.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#returnKey
+     */
+    returnKey(returnKey: boolean): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Resets the cursor
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#rewind
+     */
+    rewind(): void;
+    /**
+     * Set a node.js specific cursor option
+     *
+     * @param field The cursor option to set ['numberOfRetries', 'tailableRetryInterval'].
+     * @param value The field value
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#setCursorOption
+     */
+    setCursorOption(field: string, value: object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the ReadPreference for the cursor.
+     *
+     * @param readPreference The new read preference for the cursor
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#setReadPreference
+     */
+    setReadPreference(readPreference: ReadPreferenceOrMode): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor showRecordId
+     *
+     * @param showRecordId The $showDiskLoc option has now been deprecated and replaced with the showRecordId field. $showDiskLoc will still be accepted for OP_QUERY stye find.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#showRecordId
+     */
+    showRecordId(showRecordId: boolean): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the skip for the cursor
+     *
+     * @param value The skip for the cursor query.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#skip
+     */
+    skip(value: number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Set the cursor snapshot
+     *
+     * @param snapshot The $snapshot operator prevents the cursor from returning a document more than once because an intervening write operation results in a move of the document.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#snapshot
+     */
+    snapshot(snapshot: object): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Sets the sort order of the cursor query
+     *
+     * @param keyOrList The key or keys set for the sort
+     * @param direction The direction of the sorting (1 or -1).
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#sort
+     */
+    sort(keyOrList: string | Array<[string, number]> | SortOptionObject<T>, direction?: number): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Return a modified Readable stream including a possible transform method
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#stream
+     */
+    stream(options?: { transform?: (document: T) => any }): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of documents. The caller is responsible for making sure that there
+     * is enough memory to store the results. Note that the array only contains partial
+     * results when this cursor had been previously accessed. In that case,
+     * `cursor.rewind()` can be used to reset the cursor.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#toArray
+     */
+    toArray(): Promise<T[]>;
+    toArray(callback: MongoCallback<T[]>): void;
+    /**
+     * Return a modified Readable stream that applies a given transform function, if supplied. If none supplied,
+     * returns a stream of unmodified docs.
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#transformStream
+     */
+    transformStream(options?: { transform?: (document: T) => any }): Cursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * This is useful in certain cases where a stream is being consumed by a parser,
+     * which needs to "un-consume" some data that it has optimistically pulled out of the source, so that the stream can be passed on to some other party.
+     *
+     * @param chunk Chunk of data to unshift onto the read queue.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#unshift
+     */
+    unshift(chunk: Buffer | string): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Cursor.count() operations.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#count
+ */
+export interface CursorCommentOptions {
+    skip?: number;
+    limit?: number;
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    hint?: string;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for the forEach iterator method
+ *
+ * @param doc An emitted document for the iterator
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#~iteratorCallback
+ */
+export interface IteratorCallback<T> {
+    (doc: T): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback error format for the forEach iterator method
+ *
+ * @param error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Cursor.html#~endCallback
+ */
+export interface EndCallback {
+    (error: MongoError): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returning object for the AggregationCursor result callback
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#~resultCallback
+ */
+export type AggregationCursorResult = object | null;
+/**
+ * Creates a new Aggregation Cursor instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html
+ */
+export class AggregationCursor<T = Default> extends Cursor<T> {
+    /**
+     * Set the batch size for the cursor
+     *
+     * @param value The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate aggregation documentation}.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#batchSize
+     */
+    batchSize(value: number): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Clone the cursor
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#clone
+     */
+    clone(): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Close the cursor, sending a AggregationCursor command and emitting close.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#close
+     */
+    close(): Promise<AggregationCursorResult>;
+    close(callback: MongoCallback<AggregationCursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor. As with `cursor.toArray()`,
+     * not all of the elements will be iterated if this cursor had been previously accessed.
+     * In that case, `cursor.rewind()` can be used to reset the cursor. However, unlike
+     * `cursor.toArray()`, the cursor will only hold a maximum of batch size elements
+     * at any given time if batch size is specified. Otherwise, the caller is responsible
+     * for making sure that the entire result can fit the memory.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @deprecated use AggregationCursor.forEach() instead
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#each
+     */
+    each(callback: MongoCallback<AggregationCursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Execute the explain for the cursor.
+     * For backwards compatibility, a verbosity of true is interpreted as `allPlansExecution`
+     * and false as `queryPlanner`. Prior to server version 3.6, `aggregate()`
+     * ignores the verbosity parameter and executes in `queryPlanner`.
+     *
+     * @param verbosity An optional mode in which to run the explain
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#explain
+     */
+    explain(
+        verbosity?: string | boolean,
+        callback?: MongoCallback<AggregationCursorResult>,
+    ): Promise<AggregationCursorResult>;
+    explain(callback?: MongoCallback<AggregationCursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Add a geoNear stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The geoNear stage document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#geoNear
+     */
+    geoNear(document: object): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a group stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The group stage document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#group
+     */
+    group<U = T>(document: object): AggregationCursor<U>;
+    /**
+     * Check if there is any document still available in the cursor
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#hasNext
+     */
+    hasNext(): Promise<boolean>;
+    hasNext(callback: MongoCallback<boolean>): void;
+    /**
+     * Is the cursor closed
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#isClosed
+     */
+    isClosed(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Add a limit stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param limit The state limit value
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#limit
+     */
+    limit(value: number): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a lookup stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The lookup stage document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#lookup
+     */
+    lookup(document: object): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a match stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The match stage document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#match
+     */
+    match(document: object): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a maxTimeMS stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param value The state maxTimeMS value
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#maxTimeMS
+     */
+    maxTimeMS(value: number): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#next
+     */
+    next(): Promise<T | null>;
+    next(callback: MongoCallback<T | null>): void;
+    /**
+     * Add a out stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param destination The destination name
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#out
+     */
+    out(destination: string): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a project stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The project stage document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#project
+     */
+    project<U = T>(document: object): AggregationCursor<U>;
+    /**
+     * The `read()` method pulls some data out of the internal buffer and returns it. If there is no data available, then it will return null.
+     *
+     * @param size Optional argument to specify how much data to read
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#read
+     */
+    read(size: number): string | Buffer | void;
+    /**
+     * Add a redact stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The redact stage document.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#redact
+     */
+    redact(document: object): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Resets the cursor
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#rewind
+     */
+    rewind(): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a skip stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param value The state skip value
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#setEncoding
+     */
+    skip(value: number): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Add a sort stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param document The sort stage document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#sort
+     */
+    sort(document: object): AggregationCursor<T>;
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of documents. The caller is responsible for making sure that there
+     * is enough memory to store the results. Note that the array only contain partial
+     * results when this cursor had been previously accessed. In that case,
+     * `cursor.rewind()` can be used to reset the cursor.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#toArray
+     */
+    toArray(): Promise<T[]>;
+    toArray(callback: MongoCallback<T[]>): void;
+    /**
+     * This is useful in certain cases where a stream is being consumed by a parser, which needs to "un-consume" some data that it has optimistically
+     * pulled out of the source, so that the stream can be passed on to some other party.
+     *
+     * @param chunk Chunk of data to unshift onto the read queue
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#unshift
+     */
+    unshift(chunk: Buffer | string): void;
+    /**
+     * Add a unwind stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param field The unwind field name or stage document.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/AggregationCursor.html#unwind
+     */
+    unwind<U = T>(
+        field: string | { path: string; includeArrayIndex?: string; preserveNullAndEmptyArrays?: boolean },
+    ): AggregationCursor<U>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Result object from CommandCursor.resultCallback
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#~resultCallback
+ */
+export type CommandCursorResult = object | null;
+/**
+ * Creates a new Command Cursor instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html
+ */
+export class CommandCursor extends Readable {
+    /**
+     * Set the batch size for the cursor.
+     *
+     * @param value The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/find/ find command documentation}.
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#batchSize
+     */
+    batchSize(value: number): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Clone the cursor
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#clone
+     */
+    clone(): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Close the cursor, sending a KillCursor command and emitting close.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#close
+     */
+    close(): Promise<CommandCursorResult>;
+    close(callback: MongoCallback<CommandCursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor. As with `cursor.toArray()`,
+     * not all of the elements will be iterated if this cursor had been previously accessed.
+     * In that case, `cursor.rewind()` can be used to reset the cursor. However, unlike
+     * `cursor.toArray()`, the cursor will only hold a maximum of batch size elements
+     * at any given time if batch size is specified. Otherwise, the caller is responsible
+     * for making sure that the entire result can fit the memory.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#each
+     */
+    each(callback: MongoCallback<CommandCursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * Check if there is any document still available in the cursor
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#hasNext
+     */
+    hasNext(): Promise<boolean>;
+    hasNext(callback: MongoCallback<boolean>): void;
+    /**
+     * Is the cursor closed
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#isClosed
+     */
+    isClosed(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Add a maxTimeMS stage to the aggregation pipeline
+     *
+     * @param value The state maxTimeMS value
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#maxTimeMS
+     */
+    maxTimeMS(value: number): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#next
+     */
+    next(): Promise<CommandCursorResult>;
+    next(callback: MongoCallback<CommandCursorResult>): void;
+    /**
+     * The `read()` method pulls some data out of the internal buffer and returns it. If there is no data available, then it will return null.
+     *
+     * @param size Optional argument to specify how much data to read
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#read
+     */
+    read(size: number): string | Buffer | void;
+    /**
+     * Resets the cursor
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#rewind
+     */
+    rewind(): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Set the ReadPreference for the cursor
+     *
+     * @param readPreference The new read preference for the cursor
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#setReadPreference
+     */
+    setReadPreference(readPreference: ReadPreferenceOrMode): CommandCursor;
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of documents. The caller is responsible for making sure that there
+     * is enough memory to store the results. Note that the array only contain partial
+     * results when this cursor had been previously accessed.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#toArray
+     */
+    toArray(): Promise<any[]>;
+    toArray(callback: MongoCallback<any[]>): void;
+    /**
+     * This is useful in certain cases where a stream is being consumed by a parser, which needs to "un-consume" some data that it has
+     * optimistically pulled out of the source, so that the stream can be passed on to some other party.
+     *
+     * @param chunk Chunk of data to unshift onto the read queue
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/CommandCursor.html#unshift
+     */
+    unshift(chunk: Buffer | string): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructor for a streaming GridFS interface
+ *
+ * @param db A db handle
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html
+ */
+export class GridFSBucket extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(db: Db, options?: GridFSBucketOptions);
+    /**
+     * Deletes a file with the given id
+     *
+     * @param id The id of the file doc
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#delete
+     */
+    delete(id: ObjectId, callback?: GridFSBucketErrorCallback): void;
+    /**
+     * Removes this bucket's files collection, followed by its chunks collection
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#drop
+     */
+    drop(callback?: GridFSBucketErrorCallback): void;
+    /**
+     * Convenience wrapper around find on the files collection
+     *
+     * @param filter The filter object used to find items inside the bucket
+     * @param options Optional settings for cursor
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#find
+     */
+    find(filter: object, options?: GridFSBucketFindOptions): Cursor<any>;
+    /**
+     * Returns a readable stream (GridFSBucketReadStream) for streaming file data from GridFS.
+     *
+     * @param id The id of the file doc
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openDownloadStream
+     */
+    openDownloadStream(id: ObjectId, options?: { start: number; end: number }): GridFSBucketReadStream;
+    /**
+     * Returns a readable stream ({@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketReadStream.html GridFSBucketReadStream}) for streaming the
+     * file with the given name from GridFS. If there are multiple files with
+     * the same name, this will stream the most recent file with the given name
+     * (as determined by the `uploadDate` field). You can set the `revision`
+     * option to change this behavior.
+     *
+     * @param filename The name of the file to stream
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openDownloadStreamByName
+     */
+    openDownloadStreamByName(
+        filename: string,
+        options?: { revision: number; start: number; end: number },
+    ): GridFSBucketReadStream;
+    /**
+     * Returns a writable stream (GridFSBucketWriteStream) for writing
+     * buffers to GridFS. The stream's `id` property contains the resulting
+     * file's id.
+     *
+     * @param filename The value of the `filename` key in the files doc
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openUploadStream
+     */
+    openUploadStream(filename: string, options?: GridFSBucketOpenUploadStreamOptions): GridFSBucketWriteStream;
+    /**
+     * Returns a writable stream ({@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketWriteStream.html GridFSBucketWriteStream}) for writing
+     * buffers to GridFS for a custom file id. The stream's `id` property contains the resulting
+     * file's id.
+     *
+     * @param id A custom id used to identify the file
+     * @param filename The value of the `filename` key in the files doc
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openUploadStreamWithId
+     */
+    openUploadStreamWithId(
+        id: GridFSBucketWriteStreamId,
+        filename: string,
+        options?: GridFSBucketOpenUploadStreamOptions,
+    ): GridFSBucketWriteStream;
+    /**
+     * Renames the file with the given _id to the given string
+     *
+     * @param id The id of the file to rename
+     * @param filename New name for the file
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#rename
+     */
+    rename(id: ObjectId, filename: string, callback?: GridFSBucketErrorCallback): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating a new GridFSBucket
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html
+ */
+export interface GridFSBucketOptions {
+    bucketName?: string;
+    chunkSizeBytes?: number;
+    writeConcern?: WriteConcern;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callback format for all GridFSBucket methods that can accept a callback.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#~errorCallback
+ */
+export interface GridFSBucketErrorCallback extends MongoCallback<void> {}
+
+/**
+ * Options for GridFSBucket.find() operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#find
+ */
+export interface GridFSBucketFindOptions {
+    batchSize?: number;
+    limit?: number;
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    noCursorTimeout?: boolean;
+    skip?: number;
+    sort?: object;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for GridFSBucket.openUploadStream() operations
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openUploadStream
+ */
+export interface GridFSBucketOpenUploadStreamOptions {
+    chunkSizeBytes?: number;
+    metadata?: object;
+    contentType?: string;
+    aliases?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * A readable stream that enables you to read buffers from GridFS.
+ * Do not instantiate this class directly. Use {@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openDownloadStream openDownloadStream()} instead.
+ *
+ * @param chunks Handle for chunks collection
+ * @param files Handle for files collection
+ * @param readPreference The read preference to use
+ * @param filter The query to use to find the file document
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketReadStream.html
+ */
+export class GridFSBucketReadStream extends Readable {
+    id: ObjectId;
+    constructor(
+        chunks: Collection<any>,
+        files: Collection<any>,
+        readPreference: object,
+        filter: object,
+        options?: GridFSBucketReadStreamOptions,
+    );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating a new GridFSBucketReadStream
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketReadStream.html
+ */
+export interface GridFSBucketReadStreamOptions {
+    sort?: number;
+    skip?: number;
+    start?: number;
+    end?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A writable stream that enables you to write buffers to GridFS.
+ * Do not instantiate this class directly. Use {@link https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucket.html#openUploadStream openUploadStream()} instead.
+ *
+ * @param bucket Handle for this stream's corresponding bucket
+ * @param filename The value of the `filename` key in the files doc
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketWriteStream.html
+ */
+export class GridFSBucketWriteStream extends Writable {
+    id: GridFSBucketWriteStreamId;
+    constructor(bucket: GridFSBucket, filename: string, options?: GridFSBucketWriteStreamOptions);
+
+    /**
+     * Places this write stream into an aborted state (all future writes fail)
+     * and deletes all chunks that have already been written.
+     *
+     * @param callback called when chunks are successfully removed or error occurred
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketWriteStream.html#abort
+     */
+    abort(callback?: GridFSBucketErrorCallback): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating a new GridFSBucketWriteStream
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/GridFSBucketWriteStream.html
+ */
+export interface GridFSBucketWriteStreamOptions extends WriteConcern {
+    /**
+     * Custom file id for the GridFS file.
+     */
+    id?: GridFSBucketWriteStreamId;
+    /**
+     * The chunk size to use, in bytes
+     */
+    chunkSizeBytes?: number;
+    /**
+     * If true, disables adding an md5 field to file data
+     * @default false
+     */
+    disableMD5?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is similar to Parameters but will work with a type which is
+ * a function or with a tuple specifying arguments, which are both
+ * common ways to define eventemitter events
+ */
+type EventArguments<T> = [T] extends [(...args: infer U) => any] ? U : [T] extends [undefined] ? [] : [T];
+
+/**
+ * Type-safe event emitter from {@link https://github.com/andywer/typed-emitter}.
+ *
+ * Use it like this:
+ *
+ * interface MyEvents {
+ *   error: (error: Error) => void
+ *   message: (from: string, content: string) => void
+ * }
+ *
+ * const myEmitter = new EventEmitter() as TypedEmitter<MyEvents>
+ *
+ * myEmitter.on("message", (from, content) => {
+ *   // ...
+ * })
+ *
+ * myEmitter.emit("error", "x")  // <- Will catch this type error
+ */
+declare class TypedEventEmitter<Events> {
+    addListener<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+    on<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+    once<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+    prependListener<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+    prependOnceListener<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+
+    off<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+    removeAllListeners<E extends keyof Events>(event?: E): this;
+    removeListener<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, listener: Events[E]): this;
+
+    emit<E extends keyof Events>(event: E, ...args: EventArguments<Events[E]>): boolean;
+    eventNames(): Array<keyof Events>;
+    rawListeners<E extends keyof Events>(event: E): Function[];
+    listeners<E extends keyof Events>(event: E): Function[];
+    listenerCount<E extends keyof Events>(event: E): number;
+
+    getMaxListeners(): number;
+    setMaxListeners(maxListeners: number): this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Events emitted by ChangeStream instances
+ */
+interface ChangeStreamEvents<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema> {
+    /**
+     * Fired for each new matching change in the specified namespace. Attaching a `change`
+     * event listener to a Change Stream will switch the stream into flowing mode. Data will
+     * then be passed as soon as it is available.
+     *
+     * @param doc The changed document
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#event:change
+     */
+    change: (doc: ChangeEvent<TSchema>) => void;
+    /**
+     * Change stream close event
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#event:close
+     */
+    close: () => void;
+    /**
+     * Change stream end event
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#event:end
+     */
+    end: () => void;
+    /**
+     * Fired when the stream encounters an error
+     *
+     * @param error The error encountered
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#event:error
+     */
+    error: (err: MongoError) => void;
+    /**
+     * Emitted each time the change stream stores a new resume token.
+     *
+     * @param newToken The new resume token
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#event:resumeTokenChanged
+     */
+    resumeTokenChanged: (newToken: ResumeToken) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Change Stream instance. Normally created using `Collection.watch()`.
+ *
+ * @param parent The parent object that created this change stream
+ * @param pipeline An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/ aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html
+ */
+export class ChangeStream<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema> extends TypedEventEmitter<
+    ChangeStreamEvents<TSchema>
+> {
+    resumeToken: ResumeToken;
+
+    constructor(parent: MongoClient | Db | Collection, pipeline: object[], options?: ChangeStreamOptions);
+
+    /**
+     * Close the Change Stream
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#close
+     */
+    close(): Promise<any>;
+    close(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check if there is any document still available in the Change Stream
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#hasNext
+     */
+    hasNext(): Promise<any>;
+    hasNext(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Is the change stream closed
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#isClosed
+     */
+    isClosed(): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the next available document from the Change Stream, returns null if no more documents are available.
+     *
+     * @param callback The result callback
+     * @returns Promise if no callback is passed
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#next
+     */
+    next(): Promise<any>;
+    next(callback: MongoCallback<any>): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Return a modified Readable stream including a possible transform method
+     *
+     * @param options Optional settings
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/ChangeStream.html#stream
+     */
+    stream(options?: { transform?: Function }): Cursor;
+}
+
+export class ResumeToken {}
+
+export type ChangeEventTypes =
+    | "insert"
+    | "delete"
+    | "replace"
+    | "update"
+    | "drop"
+    | "rename"
+    | "dropDatabase"
+    | "invalidate";
+export interface ChangeEventBase<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema> {
+    _id: ResumeToken;
+    /**
+     * We leave this off the base type so that we can differentiate
+     * by checking its value and get intelligent types on the other fields
+     */
+    // operationType: ChangeEventTypes;
+    ns: {
+        db: string;
+        coll: string;
+    };
+    clusterTime: Timestamp;
+    txnNumber?: number;
+    lsid?: {
+        id: any;
+        uid: any;
+    };
+}
+export interface ChangeEventCR<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema>
+    extends ChangeEventBase<TSchema> {
+    operationType: "insert" | "replace";
+    fullDocument?: TSchema;
+    documentKey: {
+        _id: ExtractIdType<TSchema>;
+    };
+}
+type FieldUpdates<TSchema> = Partial<TSchema> & { [key: string]: any };
+export interface ChangeEventUpdate<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema>
+    extends ChangeEventBase<TSchema> {
+    operationType: "update";
+    updateDescription: {
+        /**
+         * This is an object with all changed fields; if they are nested,
+         * the keys will be paths, e.g. 'question.answer.0.text': 'new text'
+         */
+        updatedFields: FieldUpdates<TSchema>;
+        removedFields: Array<keyof TSchema | string>;
+    };
+    fullDocument?: TSchema;
+    documentKey: {
+        _id: ExtractIdType<TSchema>;
+    };
+}
+export interface ChangeEventDelete<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema>
+    extends ChangeEventBase<TSchema> {
+    operationType: "delete";
+    documentKey: {
+        _id: ExtractIdType<TSchema>;
+    };
+}
+export interface ChangeEventRename<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema>
+    extends ChangeEventBase<TSchema> {
+    operationType: "rename";
+    to: {
+        db: string;
+        coll: string;
+    };
+}
+
+export interface ChangeEventOther<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema>
+    extends ChangeEventBase<TSchema> {
+    operationType: "drop" | "dropDatabase";
+}
+
+export interface ChangeEventInvalidate<TSchema extends { [key: string]: any } = DefaultSchema> {
+    _id: ResumeToken;
+    operationType: "invalidate";
+    clusterTime: Timestamp;
+}
+
+export type ChangeEvent<TSchema extends object = { _id: ObjectId }> =
+    | ChangeEventCR<TSchema>
+    | ChangeEventUpdate<TSchema>
+    | ChangeEventDelete<TSchema>
+    | ChangeEventRename<TSchema>
+    | ChangeEventOther<TSchema>
+    | ChangeEventInvalidate<TSchema>;
+
+/**
+ * Options that can be passed to a `ChangeStream`.
+ * Note that `startAfter`, `resumeAfter`, and `startAtOperationTime` are all mutually exclusive, and the server will error if more than one is specified.
+ *
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/global.html#ChangeStreamOptions
+ */
+export interface ChangeStreamOptions {
+    fullDocument?: "default" | "updateLookup";
+    maxAwaitTimeMS?: number;
+    resumeAfter?: ResumeToken;
+    startAfter?: ResumeToken;
+    startAtOperationTime?: Timestamp;
+    batchSize?: number;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+    readPreference?: ReadPreferenceOrMode;
+}
+
+type GridFSBucketWriteStreamId = string | number | object | ObjectId;
+
+export interface LoggerOptions {
+    /**
+     * Custom logger function
+     */
+    loggerLevel?: string;
+    /**
+     * Override default global log level.
+     */
+    logger?: log;
+}
+
+export type log = (message?: string, state?: LoggerState) => void;
+
+export interface LoggerState {
+    type: string;
+    message: string;
+    className: string;
+    pid: number;
+    date: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Logger instance
+ *
+ * @param className The Class name associated with the logging instance
+ * @param options Optional settings
+ * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html
+ */
+export class Logger {
+    constructor(className: string, options?: LoggerOptions);
+    /**
+     * Log a message at the debug level
+     *
+     * @param message The message to log
+     * @param object Additional meta data to log
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#debug
+     */
+    debug(message: string, object: LoggerState): void;
+    /**
+     * Log a message at the error level
+     *
+     * @param message The message to log
+     * @param object Additional meta data to log
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#error
+     */
+    error(message: string, object: LoggerState): void;
+    /**
+     * Log a message at the info level
+     *
+     * @param message The message to log
+     * @param object Additional meta data to log
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#info
+     */
+    info(message: string, object: LoggerState): void;
+    /**
+     * Is the logger set at debug level
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#isDebug
+     */
+    isDebug(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Is the logger set at error level
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#isError
+     */
+    isError(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Is the logger set at info level
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#isInfo
+     */
+    isInfo(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Is the logger set at error level
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#isWarn
+     */
+    isWarn(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Resets the logger to default settings, error and no filtered classes
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#.reset
+     */
+    static reset(): void;
+    /**
+     * Get the current logger function
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#.currentLogger
+     */
+    static currentLogger(): log;
+    /**
+     * Set the current logger function
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#.setCurrentLogger
+     */
+    static setCurrentLogger(log: log): void;
+    /**
+     * Set what classes to log.
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#.filter
+     */
+    static filter(type: string, values: string[]): void;
+    /**
+     * Set the current log level
+     *
+     * @see https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Logger.html#.setLevel
+     */
+    static setLevel(level: string): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Possible fields for a collation document
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/collation/#collation-document-fields
+ */
+export interface CollationDocument {
+    locale: string;
+    strength?: number;
+    caseLevel?: boolean;
+    caseFirst?: string;
+    numericOrdering?: boolean;
+    alternate?: string;
+    maxVariable?: string;
+    backwards?: boolean;
+    normalization?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Possible indexes to create inside a collection
+ *
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/reference/command/createIndexes/
+ */
+export interface IndexSpecification {
+    key: object;
+    name?: string;
+    background?: boolean;
+    unique?: boolean;
+    partialFilterExpression?: object;
+    sparse?: boolean;
+    expireAfterSeconds?: number;
+    storageEngine?: object;
+    weights?: object;
+    default_language?: string;
+    language_override?: string;
+    textIndexVersion?: number;
+    "2dsphereIndexVersion"?: number;
+    bits?: number;
+    min?: number;
+    max?: number;
+    bucketSize?: number;
+    collation?: CollationDocument;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/package.json b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..485740bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/mongodb/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+{
+  "_from": "@types/mongodb@^3.5.27",
+  "_id": "@types/mongodb@3.6.18",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-JSVFt9p0rTfZ4EgzXmVHUB3ue00xe3CRbQho8nXfImzEDDM4O7I3po1bwbWl/EIbLENxUreZxqLOc8lvcnLVPA==",
+  "_location": "/@types/mongodb",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "@types/mongodb@^3.5.27",
+    "name": "@types/mongodb",
+    "escapedName": "@types%2fmongodb",
+    "scope": "@types",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.5.27",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.5.27"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/mongodb/-/mongodb-3.6.18.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7524c462fc7e3b67892afda8211cd045edee65eb",
+  "_spec": "@types/mongodb@^3.5.27",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Federico Caselli",
+      "url": "https://github.com/CaselIT"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alan Marcell",
+      "url": "https://github.com/alanmarcell"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Gaurav Lahoti",
+      "url": "https://github.com/dante-101"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mariano Cortesi",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mcortesi"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Enrico Picci",
+      "url": "https://github.com/EnricoPicci"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alexander Christie",
+      "url": "https://github.com/AJCStriker"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Julien Chaumond",
+      "url": "https://github.com/julien-c"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Dan Aprahamian",
+      "url": "https://github.com/daprahamian"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Denys Bushulyak",
+      "url": "https://github.com/denys-bushulyak"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Bastien Arata",
+      "url": "https://github.com/b4nst"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Wan Bachtiar",
+      "url": "https://github.com/sindbach"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Geraldine Lemeur",
+      "url": "https://github.com/geraldinelemeur"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Dominik Heigl",
+      "url": "https://github.com/various89"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Angela-1",
+      "url": "https://github.com/angela-1"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hector Ribes",
+      "url": "https://github.com/hector7"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Florian Richter",
+      "url": "https://github.com/floric"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Erik Christensen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/erikc5000"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nick Zahn",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Manc"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jarom Loveridge",
+      "url": "https://github.com/jloveridge"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Luis Pais",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ranguna"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hossein Saniei",
+      "url": "https://github.com/HosseinAgha"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alberto Silva",
+      "url": "https://github.com/albertossilva"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Piotr Błażejewicz",
+      "url": "https://github.com/peterblazejewicz"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Linus Unnebäck",
+      "url": "https://github.com/LinusU"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Richard Bateman",
+      "url": "https://github.com/taxilian"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Igor Strebezhev",
+      "url": "https://github.com/xamgore"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Valentin Agachi",
+      "url": "https://github.com/avaly"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "HitkoDev",
+      "url": "https://github.com/HitkoDev"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "TJT",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Celend"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Julien TASSIN",
+      "url": "https://github.com/jtassin"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Anna Henningsen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/addaleax"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Emmanuel Gautier",
+      "url": "https://github.com/emmanuelgautier"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Wyatt Johnson",
+      "url": "https://github.com/wyattjoh"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Boris Figovsky",
+      "url": "https://github.com/borfig"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@types/bson": "*",
+    "@types/node": "*"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "TypeScript definitions for MongoDB",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types/mongodb",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "",
+  "name": "@types/mongodb",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped.git",
+    "directory": "types/mongodb"
+  },
+  "scripts": {},
+  "typeScriptVersion": "3.6",
+  "types": "index.d.ts",
+  "typesPublisherContentHash": "e0755811fac56c796bf9e1ab0bdda03b5f88cc2e5287df8835b3e201db07a985",
+  "version": "3.6.18"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e841e7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+    MIT License
+
+    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/README.md b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae5ee3b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Installation
+> `npm install --save @types/node`
+
+# Summary
+This package contains type definitions for Node.js (http://nodejs.org/).
+
+# Details
+Files were exported from https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types/node.
+
+### Additional Details
+ * Last updated: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 21:01:11 GMT
+ * Dependencies: none
+ * Global values: `AbortController`, `AbortSignal`, `Buffer`, `__dirname`, `__filename`, `clearImmediate`, `clearInterval`, `clearTimeout`, `console`, `exports`, `global`, `module`, `process`, `queueMicrotask`, `require`, `setImmediate`, `setInterval`, `setTimeout`
+
+# Credits
+These definitions were written by [Microsoft TypeScript](https://github.com/Microsoft), [DefinitelyTyped](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped), [Alberto Schiabel](https://github.com/jkomyno), [Alvis HT Tang](https://github.com/alvis), [Andrew Makarov](https://github.com/r3nya), [Benjamin Toueg](https://github.com/btoueg), [Chigozirim C.](https://github.com/smac89), [David Junger](https://github.com/touffy), [Deividas Bakanas](https://github.com/DeividasBakanas), [Eugene Y. Q. Shen](https://github.com/eyqs), [Hannes Magnusson](https://github.com/Hannes-Magnusson-CK), [Hoàng Văn Khải](https://github.com/KSXGitHub), [Huw](https://github.com/hoo29), [Kelvin Jin](https://github.com/kjin), [Klaus Meinhardt](https://github.com/ajafff), [Lishude](https://github.com/islishude), [Mariusz Wiktorczyk](https://github.com/mwiktorczyk), [Mohsen Azimi](https://github.com/mohsen1), [Nicolas Even](https://github.com/n-e), [Nikita Galkin](https://github.com/galkin), [Parambir Singh](https://github.com/parambirs), [Sebastian Silbermann](https://github.com/eps1lon), [Simon Schick](https://github.com/SimonSchick), [Thomas den Hollander](https://github.com/ThomasdenH), [Wilco Bakker](https://github.com/WilcoBakker), [wwwy3y3](https://github.com/wwwy3y3), [Samuel Ainsworth](https://github.com/samuela), [Kyle Uehlein](https://github.com/kuehlein), [Thanik Bhongbhibhat](https://github.com/bhongy), [Marcin Kopacz](https://github.com/chyzwar), [Trivikram Kamat](https://github.com/trivikr), [Minh Son Nguyen](https://github.com/nguymin4), [Junxiao Shi](https://github.com/yoursunny), [Ilia Baryshnikov](https://github.com/qwelias), [ExE Boss](https://github.com/ExE-Boss), [Surasak Chaisurin](https://github.com/Ryan-Willpower), [Piotr Błażejewicz](https://github.com/peterblazejewicz), [Anna Henningsen](https://github.com/addaleax), [Jason Kwok](https://github.com/JasonHK), [Victor Perin](https://github.com/victorperin), and [Yongsheng Zhang](https://github.com/ZYSzys).
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/assert.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/assert.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9e358523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/assert.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+declare module 'assert' {
+    /** An alias of `assert.ok()`. */
+    function assert(value: any, message?: string | Error): asserts value;
+    namespace assert {
+        class AssertionError extends Error {
+            actual: any;
+            expected: any;
+            operator: string;
+            generatedMessage: boolean;
+            code: 'ERR_ASSERTION';
+
+            constructor(options?: {
+                /** If provided, the error message is set to this value. */
+                message?: string;
+                /** The `actual` property on the error instance. */
+                actual?: any;
+                /** The `expected` property on the error instance. */
+                expected?: any;
+                /** The `operator` property on the error instance. */
+                operator?: string;
+                /** If provided, the generated stack trace omits frames before this function. */
+                // tslint:disable-next-line:ban-types
+                stackStartFn?: Function;
+            });
+        }
+
+        class CallTracker {
+            calls(exact?: number): () => void;
+            calls<Func extends (...args: any[]) => any>(fn?: Func, exact?: number): Func;
+            report(): CallTrackerReportInformation[];
+            verify(): void;
+        }
+        interface CallTrackerReportInformation {
+            message: string;
+            /** The actual number of times the function was called. */
+            actual: number;
+            /** The number of times the function was expected to be called. */
+            expected: number;
+            /** The name of the function that is wrapped. */
+            operator: string;
+            /** A stack trace of the function. */
+            stack: object;
+        }
+
+        type AssertPredicate = RegExp | (new () => object) | ((thrown: any) => boolean) | object | Error;
+
+        function fail(message?: string | Error): never;
+        /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 - use fail([message]) or other assert functions instead. */
+        function fail(
+            actual: any,
+            expected: any,
+            message?: string | Error,
+            operator?: string,
+            // tslint:disable-next-line:ban-types
+            stackStartFn?: Function,
+        ): never;
+        function ok(value: any, message?: string | Error): asserts value;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use strictEqual() instead. */
+        function equal(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use notStrictEqual() instead. */
+        function notEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use deepStrictEqual() instead. */
+        function deepEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use notDeepStrictEqual() instead. */
+        function notDeepEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function strictEqual<T>(actual: any, expected: T, message?: string | Error): asserts actual is T;
+        function notStrictEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function deepStrictEqual<T>(actual: any, expected: T, message?: string | Error): asserts actual is T;
+        function notDeepStrictEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+
+        function throws(block: () => any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function throws(block: () => any, error: AssertPredicate, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function doesNotThrow(block: () => any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function doesNotThrow(block: () => any, error: AssertPredicate, message?: string | Error): void;
+
+        function ifError(value: any): asserts value is null | undefined;
+
+        function rejects(block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>, message?: string | Error): Promise<void>;
+        function rejects(
+            block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>,
+            error: AssertPredicate,
+            message?: string | Error,
+        ): Promise<void>;
+        function doesNotReject(block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>, message?: string | Error): Promise<void>;
+        function doesNotReject(
+            block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>,
+            error: AssertPredicate,
+            message?: string | Error,
+        ): Promise<void>;
+
+        function match(value: string, regExp: RegExp, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function doesNotMatch(value: string, regExp: RegExp, message?: string | Error): void;
+
+        const strict: Omit<
+            typeof assert,
+            | 'equal'
+            | 'notEqual'
+            | 'deepEqual'
+            | 'notDeepEqual'
+            | 'ok'
+            | 'strictEqual'
+            | 'deepStrictEqual'
+            | 'ifError'
+            | 'strict'
+        > & {
+            (value: any, message?: string | Error): asserts value;
+            equal: typeof strictEqual;
+            notEqual: typeof notStrictEqual;
+            deepEqual: typeof deepStrictEqual;
+            notDeepEqual: typeof notDeepStrictEqual;
+
+            // Mapped types and assertion functions are incompatible?
+            // TS2775: Assertions require every name in the call target
+            // to be declared with an explicit type annotation.
+            ok: typeof ok;
+            strictEqual: typeof strictEqual;
+            deepStrictEqual: typeof deepStrictEqual;
+            ifError: typeof ifError;
+            strict: typeof strict;
+        };
+    }
+
+    export = assert;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/assert/strict.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/assert/strict.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc3b2a76c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/assert/strict.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+declare module 'assert/strict' {
+    import { strict } from 'assert';
+    export = strict;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/async_hooks.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/async_hooks.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92cc9ad68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/async_hooks.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/**
+ * Async Hooks module: https://nodejs.org/api/async_hooks.html
+ */
+declare module 'async_hooks' {
+    /**
+     * Returns the asyncId of the current execution context.
+     */
+    function executionAsyncId(): number;
+
+    /**
+     * The resource representing the current execution.
+     *  Useful to store data within the resource.
+     *
+     * Resource objects returned by `executionAsyncResource()` are most often internal
+     * Node.js handle objects with undocumented APIs. Using any functions or properties
+     * on the object is likely to crash your application and should be avoided.
+     *
+     * Using `executionAsyncResource()` in the top-level execution context will
+     * return an empty object as there is no handle or request object to use,
+     * but having an object representing the top-level can be helpful.
+     */
+    function executionAsyncResource(): object;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the ID of the resource responsible for calling the callback that is currently being executed.
+     */
+    function triggerAsyncId(): number;
+
+    interface HookCallbacks {
+        /**
+         * Called when a class is constructed that has the possibility to emit an asynchronous event.
+         * @param asyncId a unique ID for the async resource
+         * @param type the type of the async resource
+         * @param triggerAsyncId the unique ID of the async resource in whose execution context this async resource was created
+         * @param resource reference to the resource representing the async operation, needs to be released during destroy
+         */
+        init?(asyncId: number, type: string, triggerAsyncId: number, resource: object): void;
+
+        /**
+         * When an asynchronous operation is initiated or completes a callback is called to notify the user.
+         * The before callback is called just before said callback is executed.
+         * @param asyncId the unique identifier assigned to the resource about to execute the callback.
+         */
+        before?(asyncId: number): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Called immediately after the callback specified in before is completed.
+         * @param asyncId the unique identifier assigned to the resource which has executed the callback.
+         */
+        after?(asyncId: number): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Called when a promise has resolve() called. This may not be in the same execution id
+         * as the promise itself.
+         * @param asyncId the unique id for the promise that was resolve()d.
+         */
+        promiseResolve?(asyncId: number): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Called after the resource corresponding to asyncId is destroyed
+         * @param asyncId a unique ID for the async resource
+         */
+        destroy?(asyncId: number): void;
+    }
+
+    interface AsyncHook {
+        /**
+         * Enable the callbacks for a given AsyncHook instance. If no callbacks are provided enabling is a noop.
+         */
+        enable(): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Disable the callbacks for a given AsyncHook instance from the global pool of AsyncHook callbacks to be executed. Once a hook has been disabled it will not be called again until enabled.
+         */
+        disable(): this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers functions to be called for different lifetime events of each async operation.
+     * @param options the callbacks to register
+     * @return an AsyncHooks instance used for disabling and enabling hooks
+     */
+    function createHook(options: HookCallbacks): AsyncHook;
+
+    interface AsyncResourceOptions {
+      /**
+       * The ID of the execution context that created this async event.
+       * @default executionAsyncId()
+       */
+      triggerAsyncId?: number;
+
+      /**
+       * Disables automatic `emitDestroy` when the object is garbage collected.
+       * This usually does not need to be set (even if `emitDestroy` is called
+       * manually), unless the resource's `asyncId` is retrieved and the
+       * sensitive API's `emitDestroy` is called with it.
+       * @default false
+       */
+      requireManualDestroy?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The class AsyncResource was designed to be extended by the embedder's async resources.
+     * Using this users can easily trigger the lifetime events of their own resources.
+     */
+    class AsyncResource {
+        /**
+         * AsyncResource() is meant to be extended. Instantiating a
+         * new AsyncResource() also triggers init. If triggerAsyncId is omitted then
+         * async_hook.executionAsyncId() is used.
+         * @param type The type of async event.
+         * @param triggerAsyncId The ID of the execution context that created
+         *   this async event (default: `executionAsyncId()`), or an
+         *   AsyncResourceOptions object (since 9.3)
+         */
+        constructor(type: string, triggerAsyncId?: number|AsyncResourceOptions);
+
+        /**
+         * Binds the given function to the current execution context.
+         * @param fn The function to bind to the current execution context.
+         * @param type An optional name to associate with the underlying `AsyncResource`.
+         */
+        static bind<Func extends (...args: any[]) => any>(fn: Func, type?: string): Func & { asyncResource: AsyncResource };
+
+        /**
+         * Binds the given function to execute to this `AsyncResource`'s scope.
+         * @param fn The function to bind to the current `AsyncResource`.
+         */
+        bind<Func extends (...args: any[]) => any>(fn: Func): Func & { asyncResource: AsyncResource };
+
+        /**
+         * Call the provided function with the provided arguments in the
+         * execution context of the async resource. This will establish the
+         * context, trigger the AsyncHooks before callbacks, call the function,
+         * trigger the AsyncHooks after callbacks, and then restore the original
+         * execution context.
+         * @param fn The function to call in the execution context of this
+         *   async resource.
+         * @param thisArg The receiver to be used for the function call.
+         * @param args Optional arguments to pass to the function.
+         */
+        runInAsyncScope<This, Result>(fn: (this: This, ...args: any[]) => Result, thisArg?: This, ...args: any[]): Result;
+
+        /**
+         * Call AsyncHooks destroy callbacks.
+         */
+        emitDestroy(): this;
+
+        /**
+         * @return the unique ID assigned to this AsyncResource instance.
+         */
+        asyncId(): number;
+
+        /**
+         * @return the trigger ID for this AsyncResource instance.
+         */
+        triggerAsyncId(): number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When having multiple instances of `AsyncLocalStorage`, they are independent
+     * from each other. It is safe to instantiate this class multiple times.
+     */
+    class AsyncLocalStorage<T> {
+        /**
+         * This method disables the instance of `AsyncLocalStorage`. All subsequent calls
+         * to `asyncLocalStorage.getStore()` will return `undefined` until
+         * `asyncLocalStorage.run()` is called again.
+         *
+         * When calling `asyncLocalStorage.disable()`, all current contexts linked to the
+         * instance will be exited.
+         *
+         * Calling `asyncLocalStorage.disable()` is required before the
+         * `asyncLocalStorage` can be garbage collected. This does not apply to stores
+         * provided by the `asyncLocalStorage`, as those objects are garbage collected
+         * along with the corresponding async resources.
+         *
+         * This method is to be used when the `asyncLocalStorage` is not in use anymore
+         * in the current process.
+         */
+        disable(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * This method returns the current store. If this method is called outside of an
+         * asynchronous context initialized by calling `asyncLocalStorage.run`, it will
+         * return `undefined`.
+         */
+        getStore(): T | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * This methods runs a function synchronously within a context and return its
+         * return value. The store is not accessible outside of the callback function or
+         * the asynchronous operations created within the callback.
+         *
+         * Optionally, arguments can be passed to the function. They will be passed to the
+         * callback function.
+         *
+         * I the callback function throws an error, it will be thrown by `run` too. The
+         * stacktrace will not be impacted by this call and the context will be exited.
+         */
+        // TODO: Apply generic vararg once available
+        run<R>(store: T, callback: (...args: any[]) => R, ...args: any[]): R;
+
+        /**
+         * This methods runs a function synchronously outside of a context and return its
+         * return value. The store is not accessible within the callback function or the
+         * asynchronous operations created within the callback.
+         *
+         * Optionally, arguments can be passed to the function. They will be passed to the
+         * callback function.
+         *
+         * If the callback function throws an error, it will be thrown by `exit` too. The
+         * stacktrace will not be impacted by this call and the context will be
+         * re-entered.
+         */
+        // TODO: Apply generic vararg once available
+        exit<R>(callback: (...args: any[]) => R, ...args: any[]): R;
+
+        /**
+         * Calling `asyncLocalStorage.enterWith(store)` will transition into the context
+         * for the remainder of the current synchronous execution and will persist
+         * through any following asynchronous calls.
+         */
+        enterWith(store: T): void;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/base.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/base.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa671790e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/base.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// NOTE: These definitions support NodeJS and TypeScript 3.7.
+
+// NOTE: TypeScript version-specific augmentations can be found in the following paths:
+//          - ~/base.d.ts         - Shared definitions common to all TypeScript versions
+//          - ~/index.d.ts        - Definitions specific to TypeScript 2.1
+//          - ~/ts3.7/base.d.ts   - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.7
+//          - ~/ts3.7/index.d.ts  - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.7 with assert pulled in
+
+// Reference required types from the default lib:
+/// <reference lib="es2018" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.asynciterable" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.intl" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.bigint" />
+
+// Base definitions for all NodeJS modules that are not specific to any version of TypeScript:
+/// <reference path="ts3.6/base.d.ts" />
+
+// TypeScript 3.7-specific augmentations:
+/// <reference path="assert.d.ts" />
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/buffer.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/buffer.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a415a4d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/buffer.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+declare module 'buffer' {
+    import { BinaryLike } from 'crypto';
+
+    export const INSPECT_MAX_BYTES: number;
+    export const kMaxLength: number;
+    export const kStringMaxLength: number;
+    export const constants: {
+        MAX_LENGTH: number;
+        MAX_STRING_LENGTH: number;
+    };
+    const BuffType: typeof Buffer;
+
+    export type TranscodeEncoding = "ascii" | "utf8" | "utf16le" | "ucs2" | "latin1" | "binary";
+
+    export function transcode(source: Uint8Array, fromEnc: TranscodeEncoding, toEnc: TranscodeEncoding): Buffer;
+
+    export const SlowBuffer: {
+        /** @deprecated since v6.0.0, use `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` */
+        new(size: number): Buffer;
+        prototype: Buffer;
+    };
+
+    export { BuffType as Buffer };
+
+    /**
+     * @experimental
+     */
+    export interface BlobOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default 'utf8'
+         */
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding;
+
+        /**
+         * The Blob content-type. The intent is for `type` to convey
+         * the MIME media type of the data, however no validation of the type format
+         * is performed.
+         */
+        type?: string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @experimental
+     */
+    export class Blob {
+        /**
+         * Returns a promise that fulfills with an {ArrayBuffer} containing a copy of the `Blob` data.
+         */
+        readonly size: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The content-type of the `Blob`.
+         */
+        readonly type: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new `Blob` object containing a concatenation of the given sources.
+         *
+         * {ArrayBuffer}, {TypedArray}, {DataView}, and {Buffer} sources are copied into
+         * the 'Blob' and can therefore be safely modified after the 'Blob' is created.
+         *
+         * String sources are also copied into the `Blob`.
+         */
+        constructor(sources: Array<(BinaryLike | Blob)>, options?: BlobOptions);
+
+        arrayBuffer(): Promise<ArrayBuffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * @param start The starting index.
+         * @param end The ending index.
+         * @param type The content-type for the new `Blob`
+         */
+        slice(start?: number, end?: number, type?: string): Blob;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a promise that resolves the contents of the `Blob` decoded as a UTF-8 string.
+         */
+        text(): Promise<string>;
+    }
+}
+
+declare module 'node:buffer' {
+    export * from 'buffer';
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/child_process.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/child_process.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37fd4858b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/child_process.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+declare module 'child_process' {
+    import { BaseEncodingOptions } from 'fs';
+    import { EventEmitter, Abortable } from 'events';
+    import * as net from 'net';
+    import { Writable, Readable, Stream, Pipe } from 'stream';
+
+    type Serializable = string | object | number | boolean | bigint;
+    type SendHandle = net.Socket | net.Server;
+
+    interface ChildProcess extends EventEmitter {
+        stdin: Writable | null;
+        stdout: Readable | null;
+        stderr: Readable | null;
+        readonly channel?: Pipe | null;
+        readonly stdio: [
+            Writable | null, // stdin
+            Readable | null, // stdout
+            Readable | null, // stderr
+            Readable | Writable | null | undefined, // extra
+            Readable | Writable | null | undefined // extra
+        ];
+        readonly killed: boolean;
+        readonly pid?: number;
+        readonly connected: boolean;
+        readonly exitCode: number | null;
+        readonly signalCode: NodeJS.Signals | null;
+        readonly spawnargs: string[];
+        readonly spawnfile: string;
+        kill(signal?: NodeJS.Signals | number): boolean;
+        send(message: Serializable, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+        send(message: Serializable, sendHandle?: SendHandle, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+        send(message: Serializable, sendHandle?: SendHandle, options?: MessageOptions, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+        disconnect(): void;
+        unref(): void;
+        ref(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         * 1. close
+         * 2. disconnect
+         * 3. error
+         * 4. exit
+         * 5. message
+         * 6. spawn
+         */
+
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "message", listener: (message: Serializable, sendHandle: SendHandle) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "spawn", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close", code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null): boolean;
+        emit(event: "disconnect"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "exit", code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null): boolean;
+        emit(event: "message", message: Serializable, sendHandle: SendHandle): boolean;
+        emit(event: "spawn", listener: () => void): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        on(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "exit", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        on(event: "message", listener: (message: Serializable, sendHandle: SendHandle) => void): this;
+        on(event: "spawn", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        once(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "exit", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        once(event: "message", listener: (message: Serializable, sendHandle: SendHandle) => void): this;
+        once(event: "spawn", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "message", listener: (message: Serializable, sendHandle: SendHandle) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "spawn", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (message: Serializable, sendHandle: SendHandle) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "spawn", listener: () => void): this;
+    }
+
+    // return this object when stdio option is undefined or not specified
+    interface ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams extends ChildProcess {
+        stdin: Writable;
+        stdout: Readable;
+        stderr: Readable;
+        readonly stdio: [
+            Writable, // stdin
+            Readable, // stdout
+            Readable, // stderr
+            Readable | Writable | null | undefined, // extra, no modification
+            Readable | Writable | null | undefined // extra, no modification
+        ];
+    }
+
+    // return this object when stdio option is a tuple of 3
+    interface ChildProcessByStdio<
+        I extends null | Writable,
+        O extends null | Readable,
+        E extends null | Readable,
+    > extends ChildProcess {
+        stdin: I;
+        stdout: O;
+        stderr: E;
+        readonly stdio: [
+            I,
+            O,
+            E,
+            Readable | Writable | null | undefined, // extra, no modification
+            Readable | Writable | null | undefined // extra, no modification
+        ];
+    }
+
+    interface MessageOptions {
+        keepOpen?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    type IOType = "overlapped" | "pipe" | "ignore" | "inherit";
+
+    type StdioOptions = IOType | Array<(IOType | "ipc" | Stream | number | null | undefined)>;
+
+    type SerializationType = 'json' | 'advanced';
+
+    interface MessagingOptions extends Abortable {
+        /**
+         * Specify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes.
+         * @default 'json'
+         */
+        serialization?: SerializationType;
+
+        /**
+         * The signal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed by the abort signal.
+         * @default 'SIGTERM'
+         */
+        killSignal?: NodeJS.Signals | number;
+    }
+
+    interface ProcessEnvOptions {
+        uid?: number;
+        gid?: number;
+        cwd?: string;
+        env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
+    }
+
+    interface CommonOptions extends ProcessEnvOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default true
+         */
+        windowsHide?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        timeout?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface CommonSpawnOptions extends CommonOptions, MessagingOptions, Abortable {
+        argv0?: string;
+        stdio?: StdioOptions;
+        shell?: boolean | string;
+        windowsVerbatimArguments?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface SpawnOptions extends CommonSpawnOptions {
+        detached?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface SpawnOptionsWithoutStdio extends SpawnOptions {
+        stdio?: StdioPipeNamed | StdioPipe[];
+    }
+
+    type StdioNull = 'inherit' | 'ignore' | Stream;
+    type StdioPipeNamed = 'pipe' | 'overlapped';
+    type StdioPipe = undefined | null | StdioPipeNamed;
+
+    interface SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<
+        Stdin extends StdioNull | StdioPipe,
+        Stdout extends StdioNull | StdioPipe,
+        Stderr extends StdioNull | StdioPipe,
+    > extends SpawnOptions {
+        stdio: [Stdin, Stdout, Stderr];
+    }
+
+    // overloads of spawn without 'args'
+    function spawn(command: string, options?: SpawnOptionsWithoutStdio): ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
+
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioPipe, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, Readable, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioPipe, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, Readable, null>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioNull, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, null, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioPipe, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, Readable, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioNull, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, null, null>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioPipe, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, Readable, null>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioNull, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, null, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioNull, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, null, null>;
+
+    function spawn(command: string, options: SpawnOptions): ChildProcess;
+
+    // overloads of spawn with 'args'
+    function spawn(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: SpawnOptionsWithoutStdio): ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
+
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioPipe, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, Readable, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioPipe, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, Readable, null>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioNull, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, null, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioPipe, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, Readable, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioPipe, StdioNull, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<Writable, null, null>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioPipe, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, Readable, null>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioNull, StdioPipe>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, null, Readable>;
+    function spawn(
+        command: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+        options: SpawnOptionsWithStdioTuple<StdioNull, StdioNull, StdioNull>,
+    ): ChildProcessByStdio<null, null, null>;
+
+    function spawn(command: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string>, options: SpawnOptions): ChildProcess;
+
+    interface ExecOptions extends CommonOptions {
+        shell?: string;
+        maxBuffer?: number;
+        killSignal?: NodeJS.Signals | number;
+    }
+
+    interface ExecOptionsWithStringEncoding extends ExecOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding;
+    }
+
+    interface ExecOptionsWithBufferEncoding extends ExecOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding | null; // specify `null`.
+    }
+
+    interface ExecException extends Error {
+        cmd?: string;
+        killed?: boolean;
+        code?: number;
+        signal?: NodeJS.Signals;
+    }
+
+    // no `options` definitely means stdout/stderr are `string`.
+    function exec(command: string, callback?: (error: ExecException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` with `"buffer"` or `null` for `encoding` means stdout/stderr are definitely `Buffer`.
+    function exec(command: string, options: { encoding: "buffer" | null } & ExecOptions, callback?: (error: ExecException | null, stdout: Buffer, stderr: Buffer) => void): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` with well known `encoding` means stdout/stderr are definitely `string`.
+    function exec(command: string, options: { encoding: BufferEncoding } & ExecOptions, callback?: (error: ExecException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` with an `encoding` whose type is `string` means stdout/stderr could either be `Buffer` or `string`.
+    // There is no guarantee the `encoding` is unknown as `string` is a superset of `BufferEncoding`.
+    function exec(
+        command: string,
+        options: { encoding: BufferEncoding } & ExecOptions,
+        callback?: (error: ExecException | null, stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer) => void,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` without an `encoding` means stdout/stderr are definitely `string`.
+    function exec(command: string, options: ExecOptions, callback?: (error: ExecException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+
+    // fallback if nothing else matches. Worst case is always `string | Buffer`.
+    function exec(
+        command: string,
+        options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecOptions) | undefined | null,
+        callback?: (error: ExecException | null, stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer) => void,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    interface PromiseWithChild<T> extends Promise<T> {
+        child: ChildProcess;
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    namespace exec {
+        function __promisify__(command: string): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(command: string, options: { encoding: "buffer" | null } & ExecOptions): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: Buffer, stderr: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(command: string, options: { encoding: BufferEncoding } & ExecOptions): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(command: string, options: ExecOptions): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(command: string, options?: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecOptions) | null): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer }>;
+    }
+
+    interface ExecFileOptions extends CommonOptions, Abortable {
+        maxBuffer?: number;
+        killSignal?: NodeJS.Signals | number;
+        windowsVerbatimArguments?: boolean;
+        shell?: boolean | string;
+        signal?: AbortSignal;
+    }
+    interface ExecFileOptionsWithStringEncoding extends ExecFileOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding;
+    }
+    interface ExecFileOptionsWithBufferEncoding extends ExecFileOptions {
+        encoding: 'buffer' | null;
+    }
+    interface ExecFileOptionsWithOtherEncoding extends ExecFileOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding;
+    }
+    type ExecFileException = ExecException & NodeJS.ErrnoException;
+
+    function execFile(file: string): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(file: string, options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecFileOptions) | undefined | null): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(file: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string> | null): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(file: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null, options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecFileOptions) | undefined | null): ChildProcess;
+
+    // no `options` definitely means stdout/stderr are `string`.
+    function execFile(file: string, callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(file: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null, callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` with `"buffer"` or `null` for `encoding` means stdout/stderr are definitely `Buffer`.
+    function execFile(file: string, options: ExecFileOptionsWithBufferEncoding, callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: Buffer, stderr: Buffer) => void): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+        options: ExecFileOptionsWithBufferEncoding,
+        callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: Buffer, stderr: Buffer) => void,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` with well known `encoding` means stdout/stderr are definitely `string`.
+    function execFile(file: string, options: ExecFileOptionsWithStringEncoding, callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+        options: ExecFileOptionsWithStringEncoding,
+        callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` with an `encoding` whose type is `string` means stdout/stderr could either be `Buffer` or `string`.
+    // There is no guarantee the `encoding` is unknown as `string` is a superset of `BufferEncoding`.
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        options: ExecFileOptionsWithOtherEncoding,
+        callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer) => void,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+        options: ExecFileOptionsWithOtherEncoding,
+        callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer) => void,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    // `options` without an `encoding` means stdout/stderr are definitely `string`.
+    function execFile(file: string, options: ExecFileOptions, callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+        options: ExecFileOptions,
+        callback: (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    // fallback if nothing else matches. Worst case is always `string | Buffer`.
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecFileOptions) | undefined | null,
+        callback: ((error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer) => void) | undefined | null,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+    function execFile(
+        file: string,
+        args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+        options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecFileOptions) | undefined | null,
+        callback: ((error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer) => void) | undefined | null,
+    ): ChildProcess;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    namespace execFile {
+        function __promisify__(file: string): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, options: ExecFileOptionsWithBufferEncoding): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: Buffer, stderr: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null, options: ExecFileOptionsWithBufferEncoding): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: Buffer, stderr: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, options: ExecFileOptionsWithStringEncoding): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null, options: ExecFileOptionsWithStringEncoding): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, options: ExecFileOptionsWithOtherEncoding): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            file: string,
+            args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+            options: ExecFileOptionsWithOtherEncoding,
+        ): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, options: ExecFileOptions): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null, options: ExecFileOptions): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string, stderr: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(file: string, options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecFileOptions) | undefined | null): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            file: string,
+            args: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined | null,
+            options: (BaseEncodingOptions & ExecFileOptions) | undefined | null,
+        ): PromiseWithChild<{ stdout: string | Buffer, stderr: string | Buffer }>;
+    }
+
+    interface ForkOptions extends ProcessEnvOptions, MessagingOptions, Abortable {
+        execPath?: string;
+        execArgv?: string[];
+        silent?: boolean;
+        stdio?: StdioOptions;
+        detached?: boolean;
+        windowsVerbatimArguments?: boolean;
+    }
+    function fork(modulePath: string, options?: ForkOptions): ChildProcess;
+    function fork(modulePath: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: ForkOptions): ChildProcess;
+
+    interface SpawnSyncOptions extends CommonSpawnOptions {
+        input?: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView;
+        maxBuffer?: number;
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding | 'buffer' | null;
+    }
+    interface SpawnSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding extends SpawnSyncOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding;
+    }
+    interface SpawnSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding extends SpawnSyncOptions {
+        encoding?: 'buffer' | null;
+    }
+    interface SpawnSyncReturns<T> {
+        pid: number;
+        output: string[];
+        stdout: T;
+        stderr: T;
+        status: number | null;
+        signal: NodeJS.Signals | null;
+        error?: Error;
+    }
+    function spawnSync(command: string): SpawnSyncReturns<Buffer>;
+    function spawnSync(command: string, options?: SpawnSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding): SpawnSyncReturns<string>;
+    function spawnSync(command: string, options?: SpawnSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding): SpawnSyncReturns<Buffer>;
+    function spawnSync(command: string, options?: SpawnSyncOptions): SpawnSyncReturns<Buffer>;
+    function spawnSync(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: SpawnSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding): SpawnSyncReturns<string>;
+    function spawnSync(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: SpawnSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding): SpawnSyncReturns<Buffer>;
+    function spawnSync(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: SpawnSyncOptions): SpawnSyncReturns<Buffer>;
+
+    interface ExecSyncOptions extends CommonOptions {
+        input?: string | Uint8Array;
+        stdio?: StdioOptions;
+        shell?: string;
+        killSignal?: NodeJS.Signals | number;
+        maxBuffer?: number;
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding | 'buffer' | null;
+    }
+    interface ExecSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding extends ExecSyncOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding;
+    }
+    interface ExecSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding extends ExecSyncOptions {
+        encoding?: 'buffer' | null;
+    }
+    function execSync(command: string): Buffer;
+    function execSync(command: string, options?: ExecSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding): string;
+    function execSync(command: string, options?: ExecSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding): Buffer;
+    function execSync(command: string, options?: ExecSyncOptions): Buffer;
+
+    interface ExecFileSyncOptions extends CommonOptions {
+        input?: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView;
+        stdio?: StdioOptions;
+        killSignal?: NodeJS.Signals | number;
+        maxBuffer?: number;
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding;
+        shell?: boolean | string;
+    }
+    interface ExecFileSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding extends ExecFileSyncOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding;
+    }
+    interface ExecFileSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding extends ExecFileSyncOptions {
+        encoding: BufferEncoding; // specify `null`.
+    }
+    function execFileSync(command: string): Buffer;
+    function execFileSync(command: string, options?: ExecFileSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding): string;
+    function execFileSync(command: string, options?: ExecFileSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding): Buffer;
+    function execFileSync(command: string, options?: ExecFileSyncOptions): Buffer;
+    function execFileSync(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: ExecFileSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding): string;
+    function execFileSync(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: ExecFileSyncOptionsWithBufferEncoding): Buffer;
+    function execFileSync(command: string, args?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: ExecFileSyncOptions): Buffer;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/cluster.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/cluster.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..511763934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/cluster.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+declare module 'cluster' {
+    import * as child from 'child_process';
+    import EventEmitter = require('events');
+    import * as net from 'net';
+
+    // interfaces
+    interface ClusterSettings {
+        execArgv?: string[]; // default: process.execArgv
+        exec?: string;
+        args?: string[];
+        silent?: boolean;
+        stdio?: any[];
+        uid?: number;
+        gid?: number;
+        inspectPort?: number | (() => number);
+    }
+
+    interface Address {
+        address: string;
+        port: number;
+        addressType: number | "udp4" | "udp6";  // 4, 6, -1, "udp4", "udp6"
+    }
+
+    class Worker extends EventEmitter {
+        id: number;
+        process: child.ChildProcess;
+        send(message: child.Serializable, sendHandle?: child.SendHandle, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+        kill(signal?: string): void;
+        destroy(signal?: string): void;
+        disconnect(): void;
+        isConnected(): boolean;
+        isDead(): boolean;
+        exitedAfterDisconnect: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. disconnect
+         *   2. error
+         *   3. exit
+         *   4. listening
+         *   5. message
+         *   6. online
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        addListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "disconnect"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", error: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "exit", code: number, signal: string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "listening", address: Address): boolean;
+        emit(event: "message", message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server): boolean;
+        emit(event: "online"): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this;
+        on(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        on(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this;
+        once(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        once(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        prependListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        prependOnceListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+    }
+
+    interface Cluster extends EventEmitter {
+        Worker: Worker;
+        disconnect(callback?: () => void): void;
+        fork(env?: any): Worker;
+        isMaster: boolean;
+        isWorker: boolean;
+        schedulingPolicy: number;
+        settings: ClusterSettings;
+        setupMaster(settings?: ClusterSettings): void;
+        worker?: Worker;
+        workers?: NodeJS.Dict<Worker>;
+
+        readonly SCHED_NONE: number;
+        readonly SCHED_RR: number;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. disconnect
+         *   2. exit
+         *   3. fork
+         *   4. listening
+         *   5. message
+         *   6. online
+         *   7. setup
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        addListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "disconnect", worker: Worker): boolean;
+        emit(event: "exit", worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "fork", worker: Worker): boolean;
+        emit(event: "listening", worker: Worker, address: Address): boolean;
+        emit(event: "message", worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server): boolean;
+        emit(event: "online", worker: Worker): boolean;
+        emit(event: "setup", settings: ClusterSettings): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        on(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        on(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this;
+        on(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        on(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        on(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        once(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        once(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this;
+        once(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        once(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        once(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        prependListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this;
+        // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+        prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    const SCHED_NONE: number;
+    const SCHED_RR: number;
+
+    function disconnect(callback?: () => void): void;
+    function fork(env?: any): Worker;
+    const isMaster: boolean;
+    const isWorker: boolean;
+    let schedulingPolicy: number;
+    const settings: ClusterSettings;
+    function setupMaster(settings?: ClusterSettings): void;
+    const worker: Worker;
+    const workers: NodeJS.Dict<Worker>;
+
+    /**
+     * events.EventEmitter
+     *   1. disconnect
+     *   2. exit
+     *   3. fork
+     *   4. listening
+     *   5. message
+     *   6. online
+     *   7. setup
+     */
+    function addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): Cluster;
+    function addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function addListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): Cluster;
+    function addListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function addListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): Cluster;
+     // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+    function addListener(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): Cluster;
+    function addListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function addListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): Cluster;
+
+    function emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "disconnect", worker: Worker): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "exit", worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "fork", worker: Worker): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "listening", worker: Worker, address: Address): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "message", worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "online", worker: Worker): boolean;
+    function emit(event: "setup", settings: ClusterSettings): boolean;
+
+    function on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): Cluster;
+    function on(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function on(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): Cluster;
+    function on(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function on(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): Cluster;
+    function on(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): Cluster;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+    function on(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function on(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): Cluster;
+
+    function once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): Cluster;
+    function once(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function once(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): Cluster;
+    function once(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function once(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): Cluster;
+    function once(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): Cluster;  // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+    function once(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function once(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): Cluster;
+
+    function removeListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): Cluster;
+    function removeAllListeners(event?: string): Cluster;
+    function setMaxListeners(n: number): Cluster;
+    function getMaxListeners(): number;
+    function listeners(event: string): Function[];
+    function listenerCount(type: string): number;
+
+    function prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): Cluster;
+     // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+    function prependListener(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): Cluster;
+
+    function prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): Cluster;
+     // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined.
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): Cluster;
+    function prependOnceListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): Cluster;
+
+    function eventNames(): string[];
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/console.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/console.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5f9cbacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/console.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+declare module 'console' {
+    import { InspectOptions } from 'util';
+
+    global {
+        // This needs to be global to avoid TS2403 in case lib.dom.d.ts is present in the same build
+        interface Console {
+            Console: NodeJS.ConsoleConstructor;
+            /**
+             * A simple assertion test that verifies whether `value` is truthy.
+             * If it is not, an `AssertionError` is thrown.
+             * If provided, the error `message` is formatted using `util.format()` and used as the error message.
+             */
+            assert(value: any, message?: string, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * When `stdout` is a TTY, calling `console.clear()` will attempt to clear the TTY.
+             * When `stdout` is not a TTY, this method does nothing.
+             */
+            clear(): void;
+            /**
+             * Maintains an internal counter specific to `label` and outputs to `stdout` the number of times `console.count()` has been called with the given `label`.
+             */
+            count(label?: string): void;
+            /**
+             * Resets the internal counter specific to `label`.
+             */
+            countReset(label?: string): void;
+            /**
+             * The `console.debug()` function is an alias for {@link console.log}.
+             */
+            debug(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * Uses {@link util.inspect} on `obj` and prints the resulting string to `stdout`.
+             * This function bypasses any custom `inspect()` function defined on `obj`.
+             */
+            dir(obj: any, options?: InspectOptions): void;
+            /**
+             * This method calls {@link console.log} passing it the arguments received. Please note that this method does not produce any XML formatting
+             */
+            dirxml(...data: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * Prints to `stderr` with newline.
+             */
+            error(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * Increases indentation of subsequent lines by two spaces.
+             * If one or more `label`s are provided, those are printed first without the additional indentation.
+             */
+            group(...label: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * The `console.groupCollapsed()` function is an alias for {@link console.group}.
+             */
+            groupCollapsed(...label: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * Decreases indentation of subsequent lines by two spaces.
+             */
+            groupEnd(): void;
+            /**
+             * The {@link console.info} function is an alias for {@link console.log}.
+             */
+            info(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * Prints to `stdout` with newline.
+             */
+            log(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector.
+             *  Prints to `stdout` the array `array` formatted as a table.
+             */
+            table(tabularData: any, properties?: ReadonlyArray<string>): void;
+            /**
+             * Starts a timer that can be used to compute the duration of an operation. Timers are identified by a unique `label`.
+             */
+            time(label?: string): void;
+            /**
+             * Stops a timer that was previously started by calling {@link console.time} and prints the result to `stdout`.
+             */
+            timeEnd(label?: string): void;
+            /**
+             * For a timer that was previously started by calling {@link console.time}, prints the elapsed time and other `data` arguments to `stdout`.
+             */
+            timeLog(label?: string, ...data: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * Prints to `stderr` the string 'Trace :', followed by the {@link util.format} formatted message and stack trace to the current position in the code.
+             */
+            trace(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+            /**
+             * The {@link console.warn} function is an alias for {@link console.error}.
+             */
+            warn(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void;
+
+            // --- Inspector mode only ---
+            /**
+             * This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector.
+             *  Starts a JavaScript CPU profile with an optional label.
+             */
+            profile(label?: string): void;
+            /**
+             * This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector.
+             *  Stops the current JavaScript CPU profiling session if one has been started and prints the report to the Profiles panel of the inspector.
+             */
+            profileEnd(label?: string): void;
+            /**
+             * This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector.
+             *  Adds an event with the label `label` to the Timeline panel of the inspector.
+             */
+            timeStamp(label?: string): void;
+        }
+
+        var console: Console;
+
+        namespace NodeJS {
+            interface ConsoleConstructorOptions {
+                stdout: WritableStream;
+                stderr?: WritableStream;
+                ignoreErrors?: boolean;
+                colorMode?: boolean | 'auto';
+                inspectOptions?: InspectOptions;
+            }
+
+            interface ConsoleConstructor {
+                prototype: Console;
+                new(stdout: WritableStream, stderr?: WritableStream, ignoreErrors?: boolean): Console;
+                new(options: ConsoleConstructorOptions): Console;
+            }
+
+            interface Global {
+                console: typeof console;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    export = console;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/constants.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/constants.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98ff97602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/constants.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/** @deprecated since v6.3.0 - use constants property exposed by the relevant module instead. */
+declare module 'constants' {
+    import { constants as osConstants, SignalConstants } from 'os';
+    import { constants as cryptoConstants } from 'crypto';
+    import { constants as fsConstants } from 'fs';
+
+    const exp: typeof osConstants.errno &
+        typeof osConstants.priority &
+        SignalConstants &
+        typeof cryptoConstants &
+        typeof fsConstants;
+    export = exp;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/crypto.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/crypto.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db06d15fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/crypto.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@
+declare module 'crypto' {
+    import * as stream from 'stream';
+    import { PeerCertificate } from 'tls';
+
+    interface Certificate {
+        /**
+         * @deprecated
+         * @param spkac
+         * @returns The challenge component of the `spkac` data structure,
+         * which includes a public key and a challenge.
+         */
+        exportChallenge(spkac: BinaryLike): Buffer;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated
+         * @param spkac
+         * @param encoding The encoding of the spkac string.
+         * @returns The public key component of the `spkac` data structure,
+         * which includes a public key and a challenge.
+         */
+        exportPublicKey(spkac: BinaryLike, encoding?: string): Buffer;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated
+         * @param spkac
+         * @returns `true` if the given `spkac` data structure is valid,
+         * `false` otherwise.
+         */
+        verifySpkac(spkac: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): boolean;
+    }
+    const Certificate: Certificate & {
+        /** @deprecated since v14.9.0 - Use static methods of `crypto.Certificate` instead. */
+        new(): Certificate;
+        /** @deprecated since v14.9.0 - Use static methods of `crypto.Certificate` instead. */
+        (): Certificate;
+
+        /**
+         * @param spkac
+         * @returns The challenge component of the `spkac` data structure,
+         * which includes a public key and a challenge.
+         */
+        exportChallenge(spkac: BinaryLike): Buffer;
+        /**
+         * @param spkac
+         * @param encoding The encoding of the spkac string.
+         * @returns The public key component of the `spkac` data structure,
+         * which includes a public key and a challenge.
+         */
+        exportPublicKey(spkac: BinaryLike, encoding?: string): Buffer;
+        /**
+         * @param spkac
+         * @returns `true` if the given `spkac` data structure is valid,
+         * `false` otherwise.
+         */
+        verifySpkac(spkac: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): boolean;
+    };
+
+    namespace constants {
+        // https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/crypto.html#crypto_crypto_constants
+        const OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER: number;
+
+        /** Applies multiple bug workarounds within OpenSSL. See https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html for detail. */
+        const SSL_OP_ALL: number;
+        /** Allows legacy insecure renegotiation between OpenSSL and unpatched clients or servers. See https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html. */
+        const SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION: number;
+        /** Attempts to use the server's preferences instead of the client's when selecting a cipher. See https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html. */
+        const SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to use Cisco's "speshul" version of DTLS_BAD_VER. */
+        const SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to turn on cookie exchange. */
+        const SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to add server-hello extension from an early version of the cryptopro draft. */
+        const SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to disable a SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 vulnerability workaround added in OpenSSL 0.9.6d. */
+        const SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to always use the tmp_rsa key when performing RSA operations. */
+        const SSL_OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA: number;
+        /** Allows initial connection to servers that do not support RI. */
+        const SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT: number;
+        const SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER: number;
+        const SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to disable the workaround for a man-in-the-middle protocol-version vulnerability in the SSL 2.0 server implementation. */
+        const SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to disable support for SSL/TLS compression. */
+        const SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_QUERY_MTU: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to always start a new session when performing renegotiation. */
+        const SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_TICKET: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1: number;
+        const SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2: number;
+        const SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1: number;
+        const SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to always create a new key when using temporary/ephemeral DH parameters. */
+        const SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to always create a new key when using temporary/ephemeral ECDH parameters. */
+        const SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE: number;
+        const SSL_OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG: number;
+        const SSL_OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG: number;
+        const SSL_OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG: number;
+        const SSL_OP_TLS_D5_BUG: number;
+        /** Instructs OpenSSL to disable version rollback attack detection. */
+        const SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG: number;
+
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_RSA: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_DSA: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_DH: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_RAND: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_EC: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_CIPHERS: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_DIGESTS: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_METHS: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_ASN1_METHS: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_ALL: number;
+        const ENGINE_METHOD_NONE: number;
+
+        const DH_CHECK_P_NOT_SAFE_PRIME: number;
+        const DH_CHECK_P_NOT_PRIME: number;
+        const DH_UNABLE_TO_CHECK_GENERATOR: number;
+        const DH_NOT_SUITABLE_GENERATOR: number;
+
+        const ALPN_ENABLED: number;
+
+        const RSA_PKCS1_PADDING: number;
+        const RSA_SSLV23_PADDING: number;
+        const RSA_NO_PADDING: number;
+        const RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING: number;
+        const RSA_X931_PADDING: number;
+        const RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING: number;
+        /** Sets the salt length for RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING to the digest size when signing or verifying. */
+        const RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST: number;
+        /** Sets the salt length for RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING to the maximum permissible value when signing data. */
+        const RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_MAX_SIGN: number;
+        /** Causes the salt length for RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING to be determined automatically when verifying a signature. */
+        const RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_AUTO: number;
+
+        const POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED: number;
+        const POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED: number;
+        const POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID: number;
+
+        /** Specifies the built-in default cipher list used by Node.js (colon-separated values). */
+        const defaultCoreCipherList: string;
+        /** Specifies the active default cipher list used by the current Node.js process  (colon-separated values). */
+        const defaultCipherList: string;
+    }
+
+    interface HashOptions extends stream.TransformOptions {
+        /**
+         * For XOF hash functions such as `shake256`, the
+         * outputLength option can be used to specify the desired output length in bytes.
+         */
+        outputLength?: number;
+    }
+
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 */
+    const fips: boolean;
+
+    function createHash(algorithm: string, options?: HashOptions): Hash;
+    function createHmac(algorithm: string, key: BinaryLike | KeyObject, options?: stream.TransformOptions): Hmac;
+
+    // https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_buffers_and_character_encodings
+    type BinaryToTextEncoding = 'base64' | 'hex';
+    type CharacterEncoding = 'utf8' | 'utf-8' | 'utf16le' | 'latin1';
+    type LegacyCharacterEncoding = 'ascii' | 'binary' | 'ucs2' | 'ucs-2';
+
+    type Encoding = BinaryToTextEncoding | CharacterEncoding | LegacyCharacterEncoding;
+
+    type ECDHKeyFormat = 'compressed' | 'uncompressed' | 'hybrid';
+
+    class Hash extends stream.Transform {
+        private constructor();
+        copy(): Hash;
+        update(data: BinaryLike): Hash;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding): Hash;
+        digest(): Buffer;
+        digest(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+    }
+    class Hmac extends stream.Transform {
+        private constructor();
+        update(data: BinaryLike): Hmac;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding): Hmac;
+        digest(): Buffer;
+        digest(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+    }
+
+    type KeyObjectType = 'secret' | 'public' | 'private';
+
+    interface KeyExportOptions<T extends KeyFormat> {
+        type: 'pkcs1' | 'spki' | 'pkcs8' | 'sec1';
+        format: T;
+        cipher?: string;
+        passphrase?: string | Buffer;
+    }
+
+    interface JwkKeyExportOptions {
+        format: 'jwk';
+    }
+
+    interface JsonWebKey {
+        crv?: string;
+        d?: string;
+        dp?: string;
+        dq?: string;
+        e?: string;
+        k?: string;
+        kty?: string;
+        n?: string;
+        p?: string;
+        q?: string;
+        qi?: string;
+        x?: string;
+        y?: string;
+    }
+
+    interface AsymmetricKeyDetails {
+        /**
+         * Key size in bits (RSA, DSA).
+         */
+        modulusLength?: number;
+        /**
+         * Public exponent (RSA).
+         */
+        publicExponent?: bigint;
+        /**
+         * Size of q in bits (DSA).
+         */
+        divisorLength?: number;
+        /**
+         * Name of the curve (EC).
+         */
+        namedCurve?: string;
+    }
+
+    class KeyObject {
+        private constructor();
+        asymmetricKeyType?: KeyType;
+        /**
+         * For asymmetric keys, this property represents the size of the embedded key in
+         * bytes. This property is `undefined` for symmetric keys.
+         */
+        asymmetricKeySize?: number;
+        /**
+         * This property exists only on asymmetric keys. Depending on the type of the key,
+         * this object contains information about the key. None of the information obtained
+         * through this property can be used to uniquely identify a key or to compromise the
+         * security of the key.
+         */
+        asymmetricKeyDetails?: AsymmetricKeyDetails;
+        export(options: KeyExportOptions<'pem'>): string | Buffer;
+        export(options?: KeyExportOptions<'der'>): Buffer;
+        symmetricKeySize?: number;
+        type: KeyObjectType;
+    }
+
+    type CipherCCMTypes = 'aes-128-ccm' | 'aes-192-ccm' | 'aes-256-ccm' | 'chacha20-poly1305';
+    type CipherGCMTypes = 'aes-128-gcm' | 'aes-192-gcm' | 'aes-256-gcm';
+
+    type BinaryLike = string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView;
+
+    type CipherKey = BinaryLike | KeyObject;
+
+    interface CipherCCMOptions extends stream.TransformOptions {
+        authTagLength: number;
+    }
+    interface CipherGCMOptions extends stream.TransformOptions {
+        authTagLength?: number;
+    }
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 use `createCipheriv()` */
+    function createCipher(algorithm: CipherCCMTypes, password: BinaryLike, options: CipherCCMOptions): CipherCCM;
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 use `createCipheriv()` */
+    function createCipher(algorithm: CipherGCMTypes, password: BinaryLike, options?: CipherGCMOptions): CipherGCM;
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 use `createCipheriv()` */
+    function createCipher(algorithm: string, password: BinaryLike, options?: stream.TransformOptions): Cipher;
+
+    function createCipheriv(
+        algorithm: CipherCCMTypes,
+        key: CipherKey,
+        iv: BinaryLike | null,
+        options: CipherCCMOptions,
+    ): CipherCCM;
+    function createCipheriv(
+        algorithm: CipherGCMTypes,
+        key: CipherKey,
+        iv: BinaryLike | null,
+        options?: CipherGCMOptions,
+    ): CipherGCM;
+    function createCipheriv(
+        algorithm: string,
+        key: CipherKey,
+        iv: BinaryLike | null,
+        options?: stream.TransformOptions,
+    ): Cipher;
+
+    class Cipher extends stream.Transform {
+        private constructor();
+        update(data: BinaryLike): Buffer;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding): Buffer;
+        update(data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, input_encoding: undefined, output_encoding: Encoding): string;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding | undefined, output_encoding: Encoding): string;
+        final(): Buffer;
+        final(output_encoding: BufferEncoding): string;
+        setAutoPadding(auto_padding?: boolean): this;
+        // getAuthTag(): Buffer;
+        // setAAD(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): this;
+    }
+    interface CipherCCM extends Cipher {
+        setAAD(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options: { plaintextLength: number }): this;
+        getAuthTag(): Buffer;
+    }
+    interface CipherGCM extends Cipher {
+        setAAD(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options?: { plaintextLength: number }): this;
+        getAuthTag(): Buffer;
+    }
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 use `createDecipheriv()` */
+    function createDecipher(algorithm: CipherCCMTypes, password: BinaryLike, options: CipherCCMOptions): DecipherCCM;
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 use `createDecipheriv()` */
+    function createDecipher(algorithm: CipherGCMTypes, password: BinaryLike, options?: CipherGCMOptions): DecipherGCM;
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 use `createDecipheriv()` */
+    function createDecipher(algorithm: string, password: BinaryLike, options?: stream.TransformOptions): Decipher;
+
+    function createDecipheriv(
+        algorithm: CipherCCMTypes,
+        key: CipherKey,
+        iv: BinaryLike | null,
+        options: CipherCCMOptions,
+    ): DecipherCCM;
+    function createDecipheriv(
+        algorithm: CipherGCMTypes,
+        key: CipherKey,
+        iv: BinaryLike | null,
+        options?: CipherGCMOptions,
+    ): DecipherGCM;
+    function createDecipheriv(
+        algorithm: string,
+        key: CipherKey,
+        iv: BinaryLike | null,
+        options?: stream.TransformOptions,
+    ): Decipher;
+
+    class Decipher extends stream.Transform {
+        private constructor();
+        update(data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding): Buffer;
+        update(data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, input_encoding: undefined, output_encoding: Encoding): string;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding | undefined, output_encoding: Encoding): string;
+        final(): Buffer;
+        final(output_encoding: BufferEncoding): string;
+        setAutoPadding(auto_padding?: boolean): this;
+        // setAuthTag(tag: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): this;
+        // setAAD(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): this;
+    }
+    interface DecipherCCM extends Decipher {
+        setAuthTag(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): this;
+        setAAD(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options: { plaintextLength: number }): this;
+    }
+    interface DecipherGCM extends Decipher {
+        setAuthTag(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): this;
+        setAAD(buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options?: { plaintextLength: number }): this;
+    }
+
+    interface PrivateKeyInput {
+        key: string | Buffer;
+        format?: KeyFormat;
+        type?: 'pkcs1' | 'pkcs8' | 'sec1';
+        passphrase?: string | Buffer;
+    }
+
+    interface PublicKeyInput {
+        key: string | Buffer;
+        format?: KeyFormat;
+        type?: 'pkcs1' | 'spki';
+    }
+
+    function generateKey(type: 'hmac' | 'aes', options: {length: number}, callback: (err: Error | null, key: KeyObject) => void): void;
+
+    function createPrivateKey(key: PrivateKeyInput | string | Buffer): KeyObject;
+    function createPublicKey(key: PublicKeyInput | string | Buffer | KeyObject): KeyObject;
+    function createSecretKey(key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): KeyObject;
+
+    function createSign(algorithm: string, options?: stream.WritableOptions): Signer;
+
+    type DSAEncoding = 'der' | 'ieee-p1363';
+
+    interface SigningOptions {
+        /**
+         * @See crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
+         */
+        padding?: number;
+        saltLength?: number;
+        dsaEncoding?: DSAEncoding;
+    }
+
+    interface SignPrivateKeyInput extends PrivateKeyInput, SigningOptions { }
+    interface SignKeyObjectInput extends SigningOptions {
+        key: KeyObject;
+    }
+    interface VerifyPublicKeyInput extends PublicKeyInput, SigningOptions { }
+    interface VerifyKeyObjectInput extends SigningOptions {
+        key: KeyObject;
+    }
+
+    type KeyLike = string | Buffer | KeyObject;
+
+    class Signer extends stream.Writable {
+        private constructor();
+
+        update(data: BinaryLike): Signer;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding): Signer;
+        sign(private_key: KeyLike | SignKeyObjectInput | SignPrivateKeyInput): Buffer;
+        sign(
+            private_key: KeyLike | SignKeyObjectInput | SignPrivateKeyInput,
+            output_format: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+        ): string;
+    }
+
+    function createVerify(algorithm: string, options?: stream.WritableOptions): Verify;
+    class Verify extends stream.Writable {
+        private constructor();
+
+        update(data: BinaryLike): Verify;
+        update(data: string, input_encoding: Encoding): Verify;
+        verify(
+            object: KeyLike | VerifyKeyObjectInput | VerifyPublicKeyInput,
+            signature: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+        ): boolean;
+        verify(
+            object: KeyLike | VerifyKeyObjectInput | VerifyPublicKeyInput,
+            signature: string,
+            signature_format?: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+        ): boolean;
+        // https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html#crypto_verifier_verify_object_signature_signature_format
+        // The signature field accepts a TypedArray type, but it is only available starting ES2017
+    }
+    function createDiffieHellman(prime_length: number, generator?: number | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): DiffieHellman;
+    function createDiffieHellman(prime: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): DiffieHellman;
+    function createDiffieHellman(prime: string, prime_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): DiffieHellman;
+    function createDiffieHellman(
+        prime: string,
+        prime_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+        generator: number | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+    ): DiffieHellman;
+    function createDiffieHellman(
+        prime: string,
+        prime_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+        generator: string,
+        generator_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+    ): DiffieHellman;
+    class DiffieHellman {
+        private constructor();
+        generateKeys(): Buffer;
+        generateKeys(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        computeSecret(other_public_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+        computeSecret(other_public_key: string, input_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): Buffer;
+        computeSecret(other_public_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, output_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        computeSecret(
+            other_public_key: string,
+            input_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+            output_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+        ): string;
+        getPrime(): Buffer;
+        getPrime(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        getGenerator(): Buffer;
+        getGenerator(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        getPublicKey(): Buffer;
+        getPublicKey(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        getPrivateKey(): Buffer;
+        getPrivateKey(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        setPublicKey(public_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): void;
+        setPublicKey(public_key: string, encoding: BufferEncoding): void;
+        setPrivateKey(private_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): void;
+        setPrivateKey(private_key: string, encoding: BufferEncoding): void;
+        verifyError: number;
+    }
+    function getDiffieHellman(group_name: string): DiffieHellman;
+    function pbkdf2(
+        password: BinaryLike,
+        salt: BinaryLike,
+        iterations: number,
+        keylen: number,
+        digest: string,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, derivedKey: Buffer) => any,
+    ): void;
+    function pbkdf2Sync(
+        password: BinaryLike,
+        salt: BinaryLike,
+        iterations: number,
+        keylen: number,
+        digest: string,
+    ): Buffer;
+
+    function randomBytes(size: number): Buffer;
+    function randomBytes(size: number, callback: (err: Error | null, buf: Buffer) => void): void;
+    function pseudoRandomBytes(size: number): Buffer;
+    function pseudoRandomBytes(size: number, callback: (err: Error | null, buf: Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    function randomInt(max: number): number;
+    function randomInt(min: number, max: number): number;
+    function randomInt(max: number, callback: (err: Error | null, value: number) => void): void;
+    function randomInt(min: number, max: number, callback: (err: Error | null, value: number) => void): void;
+
+    function randomFillSync<T extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(buffer: T, offset?: number, size?: number): T;
+    function randomFill<T extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        buffer: T,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, buf: T) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function randomFill<T extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        buffer: T,
+        offset: number,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, buf: T) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function randomFill<T extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        buffer: T,
+        offset: number,
+        size: number,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, buf: T) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    interface ScryptOptions {
+        cost?: number;
+        blockSize?: number;
+        parallelization?: number;
+        N?: number;
+        r?: number;
+        p?: number;
+        maxmem?: number;
+    }
+    function scrypt(
+        password: BinaryLike,
+        salt: BinaryLike,
+        keylen: number,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, derivedKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function scrypt(
+        password: BinaryLike,
+        salt: BinaryLike,
+        keylen: number,
+        options: ScryptOptions,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, derivedKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function scryptSync(password: BinaryLike, salt: BinaryLike, keylen: number, options?: ScryptOptions): Buffer;
+
+    interface RsaPublicKey {
+        key: KeyLike;
+        padding?: number;
+    }
+    interface RsaPrivateKey {
+        key: KeyLike;
+        passphrase?: string;
+        /**
+         * @default 'sha1'
+         */
+        oaepHash?: string;
+        oaepLabel?: NodeJS.TypedArray;
+        padding?: number;
+    }
+    function publicEncrypt(key: RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey | KeyLike, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+    function publicDecrypt(key: RsaPublicKey | RsaPrivateKey | KeyLike, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+    function privateDecrypt(private_key: RsaPrivateKey | KeyLike, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+    function privateEncrypt(private_key: RsaPrivateKey | KeyLike, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+    function getCiphers(): string[];
+    function getCurves(): string[];
+    function getFips(): 1 | 0;
+    function getHashes(): string[];
+    class ECDH {
+        private constructor();
+        static convertKey(
+            key: BinaryLike,
+            curve: string,
+            inputEncoding?: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+            outputEncoding?: 'latin1' | 'hex' | 'base64',
+            format?: 'uncompressed' | 'compressed' | 'hybrid',
+        ): Buffer | string;
+        generateKeys(): Buffer;
+        generateKeys(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding, format?: ECDHKeyFormat): string;
+        computeSecret(other_public_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): Buffer;
+        computeSecret(other_public_key: string, input_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): Buffer;
+        computeSecret(other_public_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, output_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        computeSecret(
+            other_public_key: string,
+            input_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+            output_encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding,
+        ): string;
+        getPrivateKey(): Buffer;
+        getPrivateKey(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): string;
+        getPublicKey(): Buffer;
+        getPublicKey(encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding, format?: ECDHKeyFormat): string;
+        setPrivateKey(private_key: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): void;
+        setPrivateKey(private_key: string, encoding: BinaryToTextEncoding): void;
+    }
+    function createECDH(curve_name: string): ECDH;
+    function timingSafeEqual(a: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, b: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): boolean;
+    /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 */
+    const DEFAULT_ENCODING: BufferEncoding;
+
+    type KeyType = 'rsa' | 'dsa' | 'ec' | 'ed25519' | 'ed448' | 'x25519' | 'x448';
+    type KeyFormat = 'pem' | 'der';
+
+    interface BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<T extends KeyFormat> {
+        format: T;
+        cipher?: string;
+        passphrase?: string;
+    }
+
+    interface KeyPairKeyObjectResult {
+        publicKey: KeyObject;
+        privateKey: KeyObject;
+    }
+
+    interface ED25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * No options.
+         */
+    }
+
+    interface ED448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * No options.
+         */
+    }
+
+    interface X25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * No options.
+         */
+    }
+
+    interface X448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * No options.
+         */
+    }
+
+    interface ECKeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * Name of the curve to use.
+         */
+        namedCurve: string;
+    }
+
+    interface RSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * Key size in bits
+         */
+        modulusLength: number;
+
+        /**
+         * @default 0x10001
+         */
+        publicExponent?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface DSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions {
+        /**
+         * Key size in bits
+         */
+        modulusLength: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Size of q in bits
+         */
+        divisorLength: number;
+    }
+
+    interface RSAKeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        /**
+         * Key size in bits
+         */
+        modulusLength: number;
+        /**
+         * @default 0x10001
+         */
+        publicExponent?: number;
+
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'pkcs1' | 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'pkcs1' | 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface DSAKeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        /**
+         * Key size in bits
+         */
+        modulusLength: number;
+        /**
+         * Size of q in bits
+         */
+        divisorLength: number;
+
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface ECKeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        /**
+         * Name of the curve to use.
+         */
+        namedCurve: string;
+
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'pkcs1' | 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'sec1' | 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface ED25519KeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface ED448KeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface X25519KeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface X448KeyPairOptions<PubF extends KeyFormat, PrivF extends KeyFormat> {
+        publicKeyEncoding: {
+            type: 'spki';
+            format: PubF;
+        };
+        privateKeyEncoding: BasePrivateKeyEncodingOptions<PrivF> & {
+            type: 'pkcs8';
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface KeyPairSyncResult<T1 extends string | Buffer, T2 extends string | Buffer> {
+        publicKey: T1;
+        privateKey: T2;
+    }
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'rsa', options: RSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'dsa', options: DSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'ec', options: ECKeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'ed25519', options?: ED25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'ed448', options?: ED448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'x25519', options?: X25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<string, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, string>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+    ): KeyPairSyncResult<Buffer, Buffer>;
+    function generateKeyPairSync(type: 'x448', options?: X448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions): KeyPairKeyObjectResult;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'rsa',
+        options: RSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'dsa',
+        options: DSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ec',
+        options: ECKeyPairKeyObjectOptions,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed25519',
+        options: ED25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions | undefined,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'ed448',
+        options: ED448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions | undefined,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x25519',
+        options: X25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions | undefined,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: string, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: Buffer, privateKey: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+    function generateKeyPair(
+        type: 'x448',
+        options: X448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions | undefined,
+        callback: (err: Error | null, publicKey: KeyObject, privateKey: KeyObject) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    namespace generateKeyPair {
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'rsa',
+            options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'rsa',
+            options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'rsa',
+            options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'rsa',
+            options: RSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(type: 'rsa', options: RSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'dsa',
+            options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'dsa',
+            options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'dsa',
+            options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'dsa',
+            options: DSAKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(type: 'dsa', options: DSAKeyPairKeyObjectOptions): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ec',
+            options: ECKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ec',
+            options: ECKeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ec',
+            options: ECKeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ec',
+            options: ECKeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(type: 'ec', options: ECKeyPairKeyObjectOptions): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed25519',
+            options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed25519',
+            options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed25519',
+            options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed25519',
+            options: ED25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed25519',
+            options?: ED25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions,
+        ): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed448',
+            options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed448',
+            options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed448',
+            options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'ed448',
+            options: ED448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(type: 'ed448', options?: ED448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x25519',
+            options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x25519',
+            options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x25519',
+            options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x25519',
+            options: X25519KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x25519',
+            options?: X25519KeyPairKeyObjectOptions,
+        ): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x448',
+            options: X448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x448',
+            options: X448KeyPairOptions<'pem', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: string; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x448',
+            options: X448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'pem'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: string }>;
+        function __promisify__(
+            type: 'x448',
+            options: X448KeyPairOptions<'der', 'der'>,
+        ): Promise<{ publicKey: Buffer; privateKey: Buffer }>;
+        function __promisify__(type: 'x448', options?: X448KeyPairKeyObjectOptions): Promise<KeyPairKeyObjectResult>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates and returns the signature for `data` using the given private key and
+     * algorithm. If `algorithm` is `null` or `undefined`, then the algorithm is
+     * dependent upon the key type (especially Ed25519 and Ed448).
+     *
+     * If `key` is not a `KeyObject`, this function behaves as if `key` had been
+     * passed to `crypto.createPrivateKey().
+     */
+    function sign(
+        algorithm: string | null | undefined,
+        data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+        key: KeyLike | SignKeyObjectInput | SignPrivateKeyInput,
+    ): Buffer;
+    function sign(
+        algorithm: string | null | undefined,
+        data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+        key: KeyLike | SignKeyObjectInput | SignPrivateKeyInput,
+        callback: (error: Error | null, data: Buffer) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates and returns the signature for `data` using the given private key and
+     * algorithm. If `algorithm` is `null` or `undefined`, then the algorithm is
+     * dependent upon the key type (especially Ed25519 and Ed448).
+     *
+     * If `key` is not a `KeyObject`, this function behaves as if `key` had been
+     * passed to `crypto.createPublicKey()`.
+     */
+    function verify(
+        algorithm: string | null | undefined,
+        data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+        key: KeyLike | VerifyKeyObjectInput | VerifyPublicKeyInput,
+        signature: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+    ): boolean;
+    function verify(
+        algorithm: string | null | undefined,
+        data: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+        key: KeyLike | VerifyKeyObjectInput | VerifyPublicKeyInput,
+        signature: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView,
+        callback: (error: Error | null, result: boolean) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the Diffie-Hellman secret based on a privateKey and a publicKey.
+     * Both keys must have the same asymmetricKeyType, which must be one of
+     * 'dh' (for Diffie-Hellman), 'ec' (for ECDH), 'x448', or 'x25519' (for ECDH-ES).
+     */
+    function diffieHellman(options: { privateKey: KeyObject; publicKey: KeyObject }): Buffer;
+
+    type CipherMode = 'cbc' | 'ccm' | 'cfb' | 'ctr' | 'ecb' | 'gcm' | 'ocb' | 'ofb' | 'stream' | 'wrap' | 'xts';
+
+    interface CipherInfoOptions {
+        /**
+         * A test key length.
+         */
+        keyLength?: number;
+        /**
+         * A test IV length.
+         */
+        ivLength?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface CipherInfo {
+        /**
+         * The name of the cipher.
+         */
+        name: string;
+        /**
+         * The nid of the cipher.
+         */
+        nid: number;
+        /**
+         * The block size of the cipher in bytes.
+         * This property is omitted when mode is 'stream'.
+         */
+        blockSize?: number;
+        /**
+         * The expected or default initialization vector length in bytes.
+         * This property is omitted if the cipher does not use an initialization vector.
+         */
+        ivLength?: number;
+        /**
+         * The expected or default key length in bytes.
+         */
+        keyLength: number;
+        /**
+         * The cipher mode.
+         */
+        mode: CipherMode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns information about a given cipher.
+     *
+     * Some ciphers accept variable length keys and initialization vectors.
+     * By default, the `crypto.getCipherInfo()` method will return the default
+     * values for these ciphers. To test if a given key length or iv length
+     * is acceptable for given cipher, use the `keyLenth` and `ivLenth` options.
+     * If the given values are unacceptable, `undefined` will be returned.
+     * @param nameOrNid The name or nid of the cipher to query.
+     */
+    function getCipherInfo(nameOrNid: string | number, options?: CipherInfoOptions): CipherInfo | undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * HKDF is a simple key derivation function defined in RFC 5869.
+     * The given `key`, `salt` and `info` are used with the `digest` to derive a key of `keylen` bytes.
+     *
+     * The supplied `callback` function is called with two arguments: `err` and `derivedKey`.
+     * If an errors occurs while deriving the key, `err` will be set; otherwise `err` will be `null`.
+     * The successfully generated `derivedKey` will be passed to the callback as an `ArrayBuffer`.
+     * An error will be thrown if any of the input aguments specify invalid values or types.
+     */
+    function hkdf(digest: string, key: BinaryLike | KeyObject, salt: BinaryLike, info: BinaryLike, keylen: number, callback: (err: Error | null, derivedKey: ArrayBuffer) => any): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Provides a synchronous HKDF key derivation function as defined in RFC 5869.
+     * The given `key`, `salt` and `info` are used with the `digest` to derive a key of `keylen` bytes.
+     *
+     * The successfully generated `derivedKey` will be returned as an `ArrayBuffer`.
+     * An error will be thrown if any of the input aguments specify invalid values or types,
+     * or if the derived key cannot be generated.
+     */
+    function hkdfSync(digest: string, key: BinaryLike | KeyObject, salt: BinaryLike, info: BinaryLike, keylen: number): ArrayBuffer;
+
+    interface SecureHeapUsage {
+        /**
+         * The total allocated secure heap size as specified using the `--secure-heap=n` command-line flag.
+         */
+        total: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The minimum allocation from the secure heap as specified using the `--secure-heap-min` command-line flag.
+         */
+        min: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The total number of bytes currently allocated from the secure heap.
+         */
+        used: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The calculated ratio of `used` to `total` allocated bytes.
+         */
+        utilization: number;
+    }
+
+    function secureHeapUsed(): SecureHeapUsage;
+
+    // TODO: X509Certificate
+
+    interface RandomUUIDOptions {
+        /**
+         * By default, to improve performance,
+         * Node.js will pre-emptively generate and persistently cache enough
+         * random data to generate up to 128 random UUIDs. To generate a UUID
+         * without using the cache, set `disableEntropyCache` to `true`.
+         *
+         * @default `false`
+         */
+        disableEntropyCache?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    function randomUUID(options?: RandomUUIDOptions): string;
+
+    interface X509CheckOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default 'always'
+         */
+        subject: 'always' | 'never';
+
+        /**
+         * @default true
+         */
+        wildcards: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * @default true
+         */
+        partialWildcards: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * @default false
+         */
+        multiLabelWildcards: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * @default false
+         */
+        singleLabelSubdomains: boolean;
+    }
+
+    class X509Certificate {
+        /**
+         * Will be `true` if this is a Certificate Authority (ca) certificate.
+         */
+        readonly ca: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * The SHA-1 fingerprint of this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly fingerprint: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The SHA-256 fingerprint of this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly fingerprint256: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The complete subject of this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly subject: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The subject alternative name specified for this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly subjectAltName: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The information access content of this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly infoAccess: string;
+
+        /**
+         * An array detailing the key usages for this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly keyUsage: string[];
+
+        /**
+         * The issuer identification included in this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly issuer: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The issuer certificate or `undefined` if the issuer certificate is not available.
+         */
+        readonly issuerCertificate?: X509Certificate;
+
+        /**
+         * The public key for this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly publicKey: KeyObject;
+
+        /**
+         * A `Buffer` containing the DER encoding of this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly raw: Buffer;
+
+        /**
+         * The serial number of this certificate.
+         */
+        readonly serialNumber: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the PEM-encoded certificate.
+         */
+        readonly validFrom: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The date/time from which this certificate is considered valid.
+         */
+        readonly validTo: string;
+
+        constructor(buffer: BinaryLike);
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether the certificate matches the given email address.
+         *
+         * Returns `email` if the certificate matches,`undefined` if it does not.
+         */
+        checkEmail(email: string, options?: X509CheckOptions): string | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether the certificate matches the given host name.
+         *
+         * Returns `name` if the certificate matches, `undefined` if it does not.
+         */
+        checkHost(name: string, options?: X509CheckOptions): string | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether the certificate matches the given IP address (IPv4 or IPv6).
+         *
+         * Returns `ip` if the certificate matches, `undefined` if it does not.
+         */
+        checkIP(ip: string, options?: X509CheckOptions): string | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether this certificate was issued by the given `otherCert`.
+         */
+        checkIssued(otherCert: X509Certificate): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether this certificate was issued by the given `otherCert`.
+         */
+        checkPrivateKey(privateKey: KeyObject): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * There is no standard JSON encoding for X509 certificates. The
+         * `toJSON()` method returns a string containing the PEM encoded
+         * certificate.
+         */
+        toJSON(): string;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns information about this certificate using the legacy certificate object encoding.
+         */
+        toLegacyObject(): PeerCertificate;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the PEM-encoded certificate.
+         */
+        toString(): string;
+
+        /**
+         * Verifies that this certificate was signed by the given public key.
+         * Does not perform any other validation checks on the certificate.
+         */
+        verify(publicKey: KeyObject): boolean;
+    }
+
+    type LargeNumberLike = NodeJS.ArrayBufferView | SharedArrayBuffer | ArrayBuffer | bigint;
+
+    interface GeneratePrimeOptions {
+        add?: LargeNumberLike;
+        rem?: LargeNumberLike;
+        /**
+         * @default false
+         */
+        safe?: boolean;
+        bigint?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface GeneratePrimeOptionsBigInt extends GeneratePrimeOptions {
+        bigint: true;
+    }
+
+    interface GeneratePrimeOptionsArrayBuffer extends GeneratePrimeOptions {
+        bigint?: false;
+    }
+
+    function generatePrime(size: number, callback: (err: Error | null, prime: ArrayBuffer) => void): void;
+    function generatePrime(size: number, options: GeneratePrimeOptionsBigInt, callback: (err: Error | null, prime: bigint) => void): void;
+    function generatePrime(size: number, options: GeneratePrimeOptionsArrayBuffer, callback: (err: Error | null, prime: ArrayBuffer) => void): void;
+    function generatePrime(size: number, options: GeneratePrimeOptions, callback: (err: Error | null, prime: ArrayBuffer | bigint) => void): void;
+
+    function generatePrimeSync(size: number): ArrayBuffer;
+    function generatePrimeSync(size: number, options: GeneratePrimeOptionsBigInt): bigint;
+    function generatePrimeSync(size: number, options: GeneratePrimeOptionsArrayBuffer): ArrayBuffer;
+    function generatePrimeSync(size: number, options: GeneratePrimeOptions): ArrayBuffer | bigint;
+
+    interface CheckPrimeOptions {
+        /**
+         * The number of Miller-Rabin probabilistic primality iterations to perform.
+         * When the value is 0 (zero), a number of checks is used that yields a false positive rate of at most 2-64 for random input.
+         * Care must be used when selecting a number of checks.
+         * Refer to the OpenSSL documentation for the BN_is_prime_ex function nchecks options for more details.
+         *
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        checks?: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the primality of the candidate.
+     */
+    function checkPrime(value: LargeNumberLike, callback: (err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void): void;
+    function checkPrime(value: LargeNumberLike, options: CheckPrimeOptions, callback: (err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the primality of the candidate.
+     */
+    function checkPrimeSync(value: LargeNumberLike, options?: CheckPrimeOptions): boolean;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dgram.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dgram.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9aa2a6c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dgram.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+declare module 'dgram' {
+    import { AddressInfo } from 'net';
+    import * as dns from 'dns';
+    import { EventEmitter, Abortable } from 'events';
+
+    interface RemoteInfo {
+        address: string;
+        family: 'IPv4' | 'IPv6';
+        port: number;
+        size: number;
+    }
+
+    interface BindOptions {
+        port?: number;
+        address?: string;
+        exclusive?: boolean;
+        fd?: number;
+    }
+
+    type SocketType = "udp4" | "udp6";
+
+    interface SocketOptions extends Abortable {
+        type: SocketType;
+        reuseAddr?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @default false
+         */
+        ipv6Only?: boolean;
+        recvBufferSize?: number;
+        sendBufferSize?: number;
+        lookup?: (hostname: string, options: dns.LookupOneOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: string, family: number) => void) => void;
+    }
+
+    function createSocket(type: SocketType, callback?: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): Socket;
+    function createSocket(options: SocketOptions, callback?: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): Socket;
+
+    class Socket extends EventEmitter {
+        addMembership(multicastAddress: string, multicastInterface?: string): void;
+        address(): AddressInfo;
+        bind(port?: number, address?: string, callback?: () => void): void;
+        bind(port?: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        bind(callback?: () => void): void;
+        bind(options: BindOptions, callback?: () => void): void;
+        close(callback?: () => void): void;
+        connect(port: number, address?: string, callback?: () => void): void;
+        connect(port: number, callback: () => void): void;
+        disconnect(): void;
+        dropMembership(multicastAddress: string, multicastInterface?: string): void;
+        getRecvBufferSize(): number;
+        getSendBufferSize(): number;
+        ref(): this;
+        remoteAddress(): AddressInfo;
+        send(msg: string | Uint8Array | ReadonlyArray<any>, port?: number, address?: string, callback?: (error: Error | null, bytes: number) => void): void;
+        send(msg: string | Uint8Array | ReadonlyArray<any>, port?: number, callback?: (error: Error | null, bytes: number) => void): void;
+        send(msg: string | Uint8Array | ReadonlyArray<any>, callback?: (error: Error | null, bytes: number) => void): void;
+        send(msg: string | Uint8Array, offset: number, length: number, port?: number, address?: string, callback?: (error: Error | null, bytes: number) => void): void;
+        send(msg: string | Uint8Array, offset: number, length: number, port?: number, callback?: (error: Error | null, bytes: number) => void): void;
+        send(msg: string | Uint8Array, offset: number, length: number, callback?: (error: Error | null, bytes: number) => void): void;
+        setBroadcast(flag: boolean): void;
+        setMulticastInterface(multicastInterface: string): void;
+        setMulticastLoopback(flag: boolean): void;
+        setMulticastTTL(ttl: number): void;
+        setRecvBufferSize(size: number): void;
+        setSendBufferSize(size: number): void;
+        setTTL(ttl: number): void;
+        unref(): this;
+        /**
+         * Tells the kernel to join a source-specific multicast channel at the given
+         * `sourceAddress` and `groupAddress`, using the `multicastInterface` with the
+         * `IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP` socket option.
+         * If the `multicastInterface` argument
+         * is not specified, the operating system will choose one interface and will add
+         * membership to it.
+         * To add membership to every available interface, call
+         * `socket.addSourceSpecificMembership()` multiple times, once per interface.
+         */
+        addSourceSpecificMembership(sourceAddress: string, groupAddress: string, multicastInterface?: string): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Instructs the kernel to leave a source-specific multicast channel at the given
+         * `sourceAddress` and `groupAddress` using the `IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP`
+         * socket option. This method is automatically called by the kernel when the
+         * socket is closed or the process terminates, so most apps will never have
+         * reason to call this.
+         *
+         * If `multicastInterface` is not specified, the operating system will attempt to
+         * drop membership on all valid interfaces.
+         */
+        dropSourceSpecificMembership(sourceAddress: string, groupAddress: string, multicastInterface?: string): void;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         * 1. close
+         * 2. connect
+         * 3. error
+         * 4. listening
+         * 5. message
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "message", listener: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "connect"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "listening"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "message", msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "message", listener: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "message", listener: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "message", listener: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (msg: Buffer, rinfo: RemoteInfo) => void): this;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/diagnostic_channel.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/diagnostic_channel.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..952c94dc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/diagnostic_channel.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * @experimental
+ */
+declare module 'diagnostic_channel' {
+    /**
+     * Returns wether a named channel has subscribers or not.
+     */
+    function hasSubscribers(name: string): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets or create a diagnostic channel by name.
+     */
+    function channel(name: string): Channel;
+
+    type ChannelListener = (name: string, message: unknown) => void;
+
+    /**
+     * Simple diagnostic channel that allows
+     */
+    class Channel {
+        readonly name: string;
+        readonly hashSubscribers: boolean;
+        private constructor(name: string);
+
+        /**
+         * Add a listener to the message channel.
+         */
+        subscribe(listener: ChannelListener): void;
+        /**
+         * Removes a previously registered listener.
+         */
+        unsubscribe(listener: ChannelListener): void;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dns.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dns.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62c75ef5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dns.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+declare module 'dns' {
+    import * as dnsPromises from "dns/promises";
+
+    // Supported getaddrinfo flags.
+    export const ADDRCONFIG: number;
+    export const V4MAPPED: number;
+    /**
+     * If `dns.V4MAPPED` is specified, return resolved IPv6 addresses as
+     * well as IPv4 mapped IPv6 addresses.
+     */
+    export const ALL: number;
+
+    export interface LookupOptions {
+        family?: number;
+        hints?: number;
+        all?: boolean;
+        verbatim?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export interface LookupOneOptions extends LookupOptions {
+        all?: false;
+    }
+
+    export interface LookupAllOptions extends LookupOptions {
+        all: true;
+    }
+
+    export interface LookupAddress {
+        address: string;
+        family: number;
+    }
+
+    export function lookup(hostname: string, family: number, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: string, family: number) => void): void;
+    export function lookup(hostname: string, options: LookupOneOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: string, family: number) => void): void;
+    export function lookup(hostname: string, options: LookupAllOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: LookupAddress[]) => void): void;
+    export function lookup(hostname: string, options: LookupOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: string | LookupAddress[], family: number) => void): void;
+    export function lookup(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: string, family: number) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace lookup {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options: LookupAllOptions): Promise<LookupAddress[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options?: LookupOneOptions | number): Promise<LookupAddress>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options: LookupOptions): Promise<LookupAddress | LookupAddress[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function lookupService(address: string, port: number, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, hostname: string, service: string) => void): void;
+
+    export namespace lookupService {
+        function __promisify__(address: string, port: number): Promise<{ hostname: string, service: string }>;
+    }
+
+    export interface ResolveOptions {
+        ttl: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export interface ResolveWithTtlOptions extends ResolveOptions {
+        ttl: true;
+    }
+
+    export interface RecordWithTtl {
+        address: string;
+        ttl: number;
+    }
+
+    /** @deprecated Use `AnyARecord` or `AnyAaaaRecord` instead. */
+    export type AnyRecordWithTtl = AnyARecord | AnyAaaaRecord;
+
+    export interface AnyARecord extends RecordWithTtl {
+        type: "A";
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyAaaaRecord extends RecordWithTtl {
+        type: "AAAA";
+    }
+
+    export interface CaaRecord {
+        critial: number;
+        issue?: string;
+        issuewild?: string;
+        iodef?: string;
+        contactemail?: string;
+        contactphone?: string;
+    }
+
+    export interface MxRecord {
+        priority: number;
+        exchange: string;
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyMxRecord extends MxRecord {
+        type: "MX";
+    }
+
+    export interface NaptrRecord {
+        flags: string;
+        service: string;
+        regexp: string;
+        replacement: string;
+        order: number;
+        preference: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyNaptrRecord extends NaptrRecord {
+        type: "NAPTR";
+    }
+
+    export interface SoaRecord {
+        nsname: string;
+        hostmaster: string;
+        serial: number;
+        refresh: number;
+        retry: number;
+        expire: number;
+        minttl: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface AnySoaRecord extends SoaRecord {
+        type: "SOA";
+    }
+
+    export interface SrvRecord {
+        priority: number;
+        weight: number;
+        port: number;
+        name: string;
+    }
+
+    export interface AnySrvRecord extends SrvRecord {
+        type: "SRV";
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyTxtRecord {
+        type: "TXT";
+        entries: string[];
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyNsRecord {
+        type: "NS";
+        value: string;
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyPtrRecord {
+        type: "PTR";
+        value: string;
+    }
+
+    export interface AnyCnameRecord {
+        type: "CNAME";
+        value: string;
+    }
+
+    export type AnyRecord = AnyARecord |
+        AnyAaaaRecord |
+        AnyCnameRecord |
+        AnyMxRecord |
+        AnyNaptrRecord |
+        AnyNsRecord |
+        AnyPtrRecord |
+        AnySoaRecord |
+        AnySrvRecord |
+        AnyTxtRecord;
+
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "A", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "AAAA", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "ANY", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: AnyRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "CNAME", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "MX", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: MxRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "NAPTR", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: NaptrRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "NS", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "PTR", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "SOA", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: SoaRecord) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "SRV", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: SrvRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "TXT", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[][]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve(
+        hostname: string,
+        rrtype: string,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[] | MxRecord[] | NaptrRecord[] | SoaRecord | SrvRecord[] | string[][] | AnyRecord[]) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace resolve {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype?: "A" | "AAAA" | "CNAME" | "NS" | "PTR"): Promise<string[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: "ANY"): Promise<AnyRecord[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: "MX"): Promise<MxRecord[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: "NAPTR"): Promise<NaptrRecord[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: "SOA"): Promise<SoaRecord>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: "SRV"): Promise<SrvRecord[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: "TXT"): Promise<string[][]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, rrtype: string): Promise<string[] | MxRecord[] | NaptrRecord[] | SoaRecord | SrvRecord[] | string[][] | AnyRecord[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolve4(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve4(hostname: string, options: ResolveWithTtlOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: RecordWithTtl[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve4(hostname: string, options: ResolveOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[] | RecordWithTtl[]) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace resolve4 {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options: ResolveWithTtlOptions): Promise<RecordWithTtl[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options?: ResolveOptions): Promise<string[] | RecordWithTtl[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolve6(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve6(hostname: string, options: ResolveWithTtlOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: RecordWithTtl[]) => void): void;
+    export function resolve6(hostname: string, options: ResolveOptions, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[] | RecordWithTtl[]) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace resolve6 {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options: ResolveWithTtlOptions): Promise<RecordWithTtl[]>;
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string, options?: ResolveOptions): Promise<string[] | RecordWithTtl[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveCname(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveCname {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveCaa(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, records: CaaRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveCaa {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<CaaRecord[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveMx(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: MxRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveMx {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<MxRecord[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveNaptr(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: NaptrRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveNaptr {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<NaptrRecord[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveNs(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveNs {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolvePtr(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolvePtr {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveSoa(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: SoaRecord) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveSoa {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<SoaRecord>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveSrv(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: SrvRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveSrv {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<SrvRecord[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveTxt(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: string[][]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveTxt {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<string[][]>;
+    }
+
+    export function resolveAny(hostname: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, addresses: AnyRecord[]) => void): void;
+    export namespace resolveAny {
+        function __promisify__(hostname: string): Promise<AnyRecord[]>;
+    }
+
+    export function reverse(ip: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, hostnames: string[]) => void): void;
+    export function setServers(servers: ReadonlyArray<string>): void;
+    export function getServers(): string[];
+
+    // Error codes
+    export const NODATA: string;
+    export const FORMERR: string;
+    export const SERVFAIL: string;
+    export const NOTFOUND: string;
+    export const NOTIMP: string;
+    export const REFUSED: string;
+    export const BADQUERY: string;
+    export const BADNAME: string;
+    export const BADFAMILY: string;
+    export const BADRESP: string;
+    export const CONNREFUSED: string;
+    export const TIMEOUT: string;
+    export const EOF: string;
+    export const FILE: string;
+    export const NOMEM: string;
+    export const DESTRUCTION: string;
+    export const BADSTR: string;
+    export const BADFLAGS: string;
+    export const NONAME: string;
+    export const BADHINTS: string;
+    export const NOTINITIALIZED: string;
+    export const LOADIPHLPAPI: string;
+    export const ADDRGETNETWORKPARAMS: string;
+    export const CANCELLED: string;
+
+    export interface ResolverOptions {
+        timeout?: number;
+    }
+
+    export class Resolver {
+        constructor(options?: ResolverOptions);
+
+        cancel(): void;
+        getServers: typeof getServers;
+        resolve: typeof resolve;
+        resolve4: typeof resolve4;
+        resolve6: typeof resolve6;
+        resolveAny: typeof resolveAny;
+        resolveCname: typeof resolveCname;
+        resolveMx: typeof resolveMx;
+        resolveNaptr: typeof resolveNaptr;
+        resolveNs: typeof resolveNs;
+        resolvePtr: typeof resolvePtr;
+        resolveSoa: typeof resolveSoa;
+        resolveSrv: typeof resolveSrv;
+        resolveTxt: typeof resolveTxt;
+        reverse: typeof reverse;
+        setLocalAddress(ipv4?: string, ipv6?: string): void;
+        setServers: typeof setServers;
+    }
+
+    export { dnsPromises as promises };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dns/promises.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dns/promises.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2feb87434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/dns/promises.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+declare module "dns/promises" {
+    import {
+        LookupAddress,
+        LookupOneOptions,
+        LookupAllOptions,
+        LookupOptions,
+        AnyRecord,
+        CaaRecord,
+        MxRecord,
+        NaptrRecord,
+        SoaRecord,
+        SrvRecord,
+        ResolveWithTtlOptions,
+        RecordWithTtl,
+        ResolveOptions,
+        ResolverOptions,
+    } from "dns";
+
+    function getServers(): string[];
+
+    function lookup(hostname: string, family: number): Promise<LookupAddress>;
+    function lookup(hostname: string, options: LookupOneOptions): Promise<LookupAddress>;
+    function lookup(hostname: string, options: LookupAllOptions): Promise<LookupAddress[]>;
+    function lookup(hostname: string, options: LookupOptions): Promise<LookupAddress | LookupAddress[]>;
+    function lookup(hostname: string): Promise<LookupAddress>;
+
+    function lookupService(address: string, port: number): Promise<{ hostname: string, service: string }>;
+
+    function resolve(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "A"): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "AAAA"): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "ANY"): Promise<AnyRecord[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "CAA"): Promise<CaaRecord[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "CNAME"): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "MX"): Promise<MxRecord[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "NAPTR"): Promise<NaptrRecord[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "NS"): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "PTR"): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "SOA"): Promise<SoaRecord>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "SRV"): Promise<SrvRecord[]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: "TXT"): Promise<string[][]>;
+    function resolve(hostname: string, rrtype: string): Promise<string[] | MxRecord[] | NaptrRecord[] | SoaRecord | SrvRecord[] | string[][] | AnyRecord[]>;
+
+    function resolve4(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve4(hostname: string, options: ResolveWithTtlOptions): Promise<RecordWithTtl[]>;
+    function resolve4(hostname: string, options: ResolveOptions): Promise<string[] | RecordWithTtl[]>;
+
+    function resolve6(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+    function resolve6(hostname: string, options: ResolveWithTtlOptions): Promise<RecordWithTtl[]>;
+    function resolve6(hostname: string, options: ResolveOptions): Promise<string[] | RecordWithTtl[]>;
+
+    function resolveAny(hostname: string): Promise<AnyRecord[]>;
+
+    function resolveCaa(hostname: string): Promise<CaaRecord[]>;
+
+    function resolveCname(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+
+    function resolveMx(hostname: string): Promise<MxRecord[]>;
+
+    function resolveNaptr(hostname: string): Promise<NaptrRecord[]>;
+
+    function resolveNs(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+
+    function resolvePtr(hostname: string): Promise<string[]>;
+
+    function resolveSoa(hostname: string): Promise<SoaRecord>;
+
+    function resolveSrv(hostname: string): Promise<SrvRecord[]>;
+
+    function resolveTxt(hostname: string): Promise<string[][]>;
+
+    function reverse(ip: string): Promise<string[]>;
+
+    function setServers(servers: ReadonlyArray<string>): void;
+
+    class Resolver {
+        constructor(options?: ResolverOptions);
+
+        cancel(): void;
+        getServers: typeof getServers;
+        resolve: typeof resolve;
+        resolve4: typeof resolve4;
+        resolve6: typeof resolve6;
+        resolveAny: typeof resolveAny;
+        resolveCname: typeof resolveCname;
+        resolveMx: typeof resolveMx;
+        resolveNaptr: typeof resolveNaptr;
+        resolveNs: typeof resolveNs;
+        resolvePtr: typeof resolvePtr;
+        resolveSoa: typeof resolveSoa;
+        resolveSrv: typeof resolveSrv;
+        resolveTxt: typeof resolveTxt;
+        reverse: typeof reverse;
+        setLocalAddress(ipv4?: string, ipv6?: string): void;
+        setServers: typeof setServers;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/domain.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/domain.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6423ebfce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/domain.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+declare module 'domain' {
+    import EventEmitter = require('events');
+
+    global {
+        namespace NodeJS {
+            interface Domain extends EventEmitter {
+                run<T>(fn: (...args: any[]) => T, ...args: any[]): T;
+                add(emitter: EventEmitter | Timer): void;
+                remove(emitter: EventEmitter | Timer): void;
+                bind<T extends Function>(cb: T): T;
+                intercept<T extends Function>(cb: T): T;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface Domain extends NodeJS.Domain {}
+    class Domain extends EventEmitter {
+        members: Array<EventEmitter | NodeJS.Timer>;
+        enter(): void;
+        exit(): void;
+    }
+
+    function create(): Domain;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/events.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/events.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d5d2479c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/events.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+declare module 'events' {
+    interface EventEmitterOptions {
+        /**
+         * Enables automatic capturing of promise rejection.
+         */
+        captureRejections?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface NodeEventTarget {
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    interface DOMEventTarget {
+        addEventListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void, opts?: { once: boolean }): any;
+    }
+
+    interface StaticEventEmitterOptions {
+        signal?: AbortSignal;
+    }
+
+    interface EventEmitter extends NodeJS.EventEmitter {}
+    class EventEmitter {
+        constructor(options?: EventEmitterOptions);
+
+        static once(emitter: NodeEventTarget, event: string | symbol, options?: StaticEventEmitterOptions): Promise<any[]>;
+        static once(emitter: DOMEventTarget, event: string, options?: StaticEventEmitterOptions): Promise<any[]>;
+        static on(emitter: NodeJS.EventEmitter, event: string, options?: StaticEventEmitterOptions): AsyncIterableIterator<any>;
+
+        /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 */
+        static listenerCount(emitter: NodeJS.EventEmitter, event: string | symbol): number;
+        /**
+         * Returns a list listener for a specific emitter event name.
+         */
+        static getEventListener(emitter: DOMEventTarget | NodeJS.EventEmitter, name: string | symbol): Function[];
+
+        /**
+         * This symbol shall be used to install a listener for only monitoring `'error'`
+         * events. Listeners installed using this symbol are called before the regular
+         * `'error'` listeners are called.
+         *
+         * Installing a listener using this symbol does not change the behavior once an
+         * `'error'` event is emitted, therefore the process will still crash if no
+         * regular `'error'` listener is installed.
+         */
+        static readonly errorMonitor: unique symbol;
+        static readonly captureRejectionSymbol: unique symbol;
+
+        /**
+         * Sets or gets the default captureRejection value for all emitters.
+         */
+        // TODO: These should be described using static getter/setter pairs:
+        static captureRejections: boolean;
+        static defaultMaxListeners: number;
+    }
+
+    import internal = require('events');
+    namespace EventEmitter {
+        // Should just be `export { EventEmitter }`, but that doesn't work in TypeScript 3.4
+        export { internal as EventEmitter };
+
+        export interface Abortable {
+            /**
+             * When provided the corresponding `AbortController` can be used to cancel an asynchronous action.
+             */
+            signal?: AbortSignal;
+        }
+    }
+
+    global {
+        namespace NodeJS {
+            interface EventEmitter {
+                addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                removeListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                off(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                removeAllListeners(event?: string | symbol): this;
+                setMaxListeners(n: number): this;
+                getMaxListeners(): number;
+                listeners(event: string | symbol): Function[];
+                rawListeners(event: string | symbol): Function[];
+                emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+                listenerCount(event: string | symbol): number;
+                // Added in Node 6...
+                prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                eventNames(): Array<string | symbol>;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    export = EventEmitter;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/fs.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/fs.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6b95cc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/fs.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2239 @@
+declare module 'fs' {
+    import * as stream from 'stream';
+    import { Abortable, EventEmitter } from 'events';
+    import { URL } from 'url';
+    import * as promises from 'fs/promises';
+
+    export { promises };
+    /**
+     * Valid types for path values in "fs".
+     */
+    export type PathLike = string | Buffer | URL;
+
+    export type NoParamCallback = (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null) => void;
+
+    export type BufferEncodingOption = 'buffer' | { encoding: 'buffer' };
+
+    export interface BaseEncodingOptions {
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding | null;
+    }
+
+    export type OpenMode = number | string;
+
+    export type Mode = number | string;
+
+    export interface StatsBase<T> {
+        isFile(): boolean;
+        isDirectory(): boolean;
+        isBlockDevice(): boolean;
+        isCharacterDevice(): boolean;
+        isSymbolicLink(): boolean;
+        isFIFO(): boolean;
+        isSocket(): boolean;
+
+        dev: T;
+        ino: T;
+        mode: T;
+        nlink: T;
+        uid: T;
+        gid: T;
+        rdev: T;
+        size: T;
+        blksize: T;
+        blocks: T;
+        atimeMs: T;
+        mtimeMs: T;
+        ctimeMs: T;
+        birthtimeMs: T;
+        atime: Date;
+        mtime: Date;
+        ctime: Date;
+        birthtime: Date;
+    }
+
+    export interface Stats extends StatsBase<number> {
+    }
+
+    export class Stats {
+    }
+
+    export class Dirent {
+        isFile(): boolean;
+        isDirectory(): boolean;
+        isBlockDevice(): boolean;
+        isCharacterDevice(): boolean;
+        isSymbolicLink(): boolean;
+        isFIFO(): boolean;
+        isSocket(): boolean;
+        name: string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A class representing a directory stream.
+     */
+    export class Dir {
+        readonly path: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously iterates over the directory via `readdir(3)` until all entries have been read.
+         */
+        [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<Dirent>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously close the directory's underlying resource handle.
+         * Subsequent reads will result in errors.
+         */
+        close(): Promise<void>;
+        close(cb: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Synchronously close the directory's underlying resource handle.
+         * Subsequent reads will result in errors.
+         */
+        closeSync(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously read the next directory entry via `readdir(3)` as an `Dirent`.
+         * After the read is completed, a value is returned that will be resolved with an `Dirent`, or `null` if there are no more directory entries to read.
+         * Directory entries returned by this function are in no particular order as provided by the operating system's underlying directory mechanisms.
+         */
+        read(): Promise<Dirent | null>;
+        read(cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, dirEnt: Dirent | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Synchronously read the next directory entry via `readdir(3)` as a `Dirent`.
+         * If there are no more directory entries to read, null will be returned.
+         * Directory entries returned by this function are in no particular order as provided by the operating system's underlying directory mechanisms.
+         */
+        readSync(): Dirent | null;
+    }
+
+    export interface FSWatcher extends EventEmitter {
+        close(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. change
+         *   2. error
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "change", listener: (eventType: string, filename: string | Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "change", listener: (eventType: string, filename: string | Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "change", listener: (eventType: string, filename: string | Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "change", listener: (eventType: string, filename: string | Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "change", listener: (eventType: string, filename: string | Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export class ReadStream extends stream.Readable {
+        close(): void;
+        bytesRead: number;
+        path: string | Buffer;
+        pending: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. open
+         *   2. close
+         *   3. ready
+         */
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export class WriteStream extends stream.Writable {
+        close(): void;
+        bytesWritten: number;
+        path: string | Buffer;
+        pending: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. open
+         *   2. close
+         *   3. ready
+         */
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "open", listener: (fd: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "ready", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous rename(2) - Change the name or location of a file or directory.
+     * @param oldPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function rename(oldPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace rename {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous rename(2) - Change the name or location of a file or directory.
+         * @param oldPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(oldPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous rename(2) - Change the name or location of a file or directory.
+     * @param oldPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function renameSync(oldPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous truncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    export function truncate(path: PathLike, len: number | undefined | null, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous truncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function truncate(path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace truncate {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous truncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, len?: number | null): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous truncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    export function truncateSync(path: PathLike, len?: number | null): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous ftruncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    export function ftruncate(fd: number, len: number | undefined | null, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous ftruncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function ftruncate(fd: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace ftruncate {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous ftruncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, len?: number | null): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous ftruncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    export function ftruncateSync(fd: number, len?: number | null): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous chown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function chown(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace chown {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous chown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous chown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function chownSync(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fchown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fchown(fd: number, uid: number, gid: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace fchown {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fchown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous fchown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fchownSync(fd: number, uid: number, gid: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous lchown(2) - Change ownership of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function lchown(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace lchown {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous lchown(2) - Change ownership of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous lchown(2) - Change ownership of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function lchownSync(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the access and modification times of a file in the same way as `fs.utimes()`,
+     * with the difference that if the path refers to a symbolic link, then the link is not
+     * dereferenced: instead, the timestamps of the symbolic link itself are changed.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    export function lutimes(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace lutimes {
+        /**
+         * Changes the access and modification times of a file in the same way as `fsPromises.utimes()`,
+         * with the difference that if the path refers to a symbolic link, then the link is not
+         * dereferenced: instead, the timestamps of the symbolic link itself are changed.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change the file system timestamps of the symbolic link referenced by `path`. Returns `undefined`,
+     * or throws an exception when parameters are incorrect or the operation fails.
+     * This is the synchronous version of `fs.lutimes()`.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    export function lutimesSync(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous chmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    export function chmod(path: PathLike, mode: Mode, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace chmod {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous chmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous chmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    export function chmodSync(path: PathLike, mode: Mode): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    export function fchmod(fd: number, mode: Mode, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace fchmod {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous fchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    export function fchmodSync(fd: number, mode: Mode): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous lchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    export function lchmod(path: PathLike, mode: Mode, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace lchmod {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous lchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous lchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    export function lchmodSync(path: PathLike, mode: Mode): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous stat(2) - Get file status.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function stat(path: PathLike, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats) => void): void;
+    export function stat(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions & { bigint?: false } | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats) => void): void;
+    export function stat(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: BigIntStats) => void): void;
+    export function stat(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats | BigIntStats) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace stat {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous stat(2) - Get file status.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Promise<Stats>;
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): Promise<BigIntStats>;
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: StatOptions): Promise<Stats | BigIntStats>;
+    }
+
+    export interface StatSyncFn<TDescriptor = PathLike> extends Function {
+        (path: TDescriptor, options?: undefined): Stats;
+        (path: TDescriptor, options?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false; throwIfNoEntry: false }): Stats | undefined;
+        (path: TDescriptor, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true; throwIfNoEntry: false }): BigIntStats | undefined;
+        (path: TDescriptor, options?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Stats;
+        (path: TDescriptor, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): BigIntStats;
+        (path: TDescriptor, options: StatOptions & { bigint: boolean; throwIfNoEntry?: false }): Stats | BigIntStats;
+        (path: TDescriptor, options?: StatOptions): Stats | BigIntStats | undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous stat(2) - Get file status.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export const statSync: StatSyncFn;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fstat(2) - Get file status.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fstat(fd: number, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats) => void): void;
+    export function fstat(fd: number, options: StatOptions & { bigint?: false } | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats) => void): void;
+    export function fstat(fd: number, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: BigIntStats) => void): void;
+    export function fstat(fd: number, options: StatOptions | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats | BigIntStats) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace fstat {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fstat(2) - Get file status.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, options?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Promise<Stats>;
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): Promise<BigIntStats>;
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, options?: StatOptions): Promise<Stats | BigIntStats>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous fstat(2) - Get file status.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export const fstatSync: StatSyncFn<number>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous lstat(2) - Get file status. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function lstat(path: PathLike, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats) => void): void;
+    export function lstat(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions & { bigint?: false } | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats) => void): void;
+    export function lstat(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: BigIntStats) => void): void;
+    export function lstat(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, stats: Stats | BigIntStats) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace lstat {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous lstat(2) - Get file status. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Promise<Stats>;
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): Promise<BigIntStats>;
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: StatOptions): Promise<Stats | BigIntStats>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous lstat(2) - Get file status. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export const lstatSync: StatSyncFn;
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous link(2) - Create a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file.
+     * @param existingPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function link(existingPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace link {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous link(2) - Create a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file.
+         * @param existingPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(existingPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous link(2) - Create a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file.
+     * @param existingPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function linkSync(existingPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous symlink(2) - Create a new symbolic link to an existing file.
+     * @param target A path to an existing file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param path A path to the new symlink. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param type May be set to `'dir'`, `'file'`, or `'junction'` (default is `'file'`) and is only available on Windows (ignored on other platforms).
+     * When using `'junction'`, the `target` argument will automatically be normalized to an absolute path.
+     */
+    export function symlink(target: PathLike, path: PathLike, type: symlink.Type | undefined | null, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous symlink(2) - Create a new symbolic link to an existing file.
+     * @param target A path to an existing file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param path A path to the new symlink. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function symlink(target: PathLike, path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace symlink {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous symlink(2) - Create a new symbolic link to an existing file.
+         * @param target A path to an existing file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param path A path to the new symlink. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param type May be set to `'dir'`, `'file'`, or `'junction'` (default is `'file'`) and is only available on Windows (ignored on other platforms).
+         * When using `'junction'`, the `target` argument will automatically be normalized to an absolute path.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(target: PathLike, path: PathLike, type?: string | null): Promise<void>;
+
+        type Type = "dir" | "file" | "junction";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous symlink(2) - Create a new symbolic link to an existing file.
+     * @param target A path to an existing file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param path A path to the new symlink. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param type May be set to `'dir'`, `'file'`, or `'junction'` (default is `'file'`) and is only available on Windows (ignored on other platforms).
+     * When using `'junction'`, the `target` argument will automatically be normalized to an absolute path.
+     */
+    export function symlinkSync(target: PathLike, path: PathLike, type?: symlink.Type | null): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readlink(
+        path: PathLike,
+        options: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, linkString: string) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readlink(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, linkString: Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readlink(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions | string | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, linkString: string | Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function readlink(path: PathLike, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, linkString: string) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace readlink {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readlinkSync(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): string;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readlinkSync(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readlinkSync(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): string | Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function realpath(
+        path: PathLike,
+        options: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: string) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function realpath(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function realpath(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions | string | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: string | Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function realpath(path: PathLike, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: string) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace realpath {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+
+        function native(
+            path: PathLike,
+            options: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | undefined | null,
+            callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: string) => void
+        ): void;
+        function native(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: Buffer) => void): void;
+        function native(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions | string | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: string | Buffer) => void): void;
+        function native(path: PathLike, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, resolvedPath: string) => void): void;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function realpathSync(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): string;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function realpathSync(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function realpathSync(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): string | Buffer;
+
+    export namespace realpathSync {
+        function native(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): string;
+        function native(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Buffer;
+        function native(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): string | Buffer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous unlink(2) - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function unlink(path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace unlink {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous unlink(2) - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous unlink(2) - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function unlinkSync(path: PathLike): void;
+
+    export interface RmDirOptions {
+        /**
+         * If an `EBUSY`, `EMFILE`, `ENFILE`, `ENOTEMPTY`, or
+         * `EPERM` error is encountered, Node.js will retry the operation with a linear
+         * backoff wait of `retryDelay` ms longer on each try. This option represents the
+         * number of retries. This option is ignored if the `recursive` option is not
+         * `true`.
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        maxRetries?: number;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated since v14.14.0 In future versions of Node.js,
+         * `fs.rmdir(path, { recursive: true })` will throw if `path` does not exist or is a file.
+         * Use `fs.rm(path, { recursive: true, force: true })` instead.
+         *
+         * If `true`, perform a recursive directory removal. In
+         * recursive mode, errors are not reported if `path` does not exist, and
+         * operations are retried on failure.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        recursive?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The amount of time in milliseconds to wait between retries.
+         * This option is ignored if the `recursive` option is not `true`.
+         * @default 100
+         */
+        retryDelay?: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous rmdir(2) - delete a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function rmdir(path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+    export function rmdir(path: PathLike, options: RmDirOptions, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace rmdir {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous rmdir(2) - delete a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: RmDirOptions): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous rmdir(2) - delete a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function rmdirSync(path: PathLike, options?: RmDirOptions): void;
+
+    export interface RmOptions {
+        /**
+         * When `true`, exceptions will be ignored if `path` does not exist.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        force?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * If an `EBUSY`, `EMFILE`, `ENFILE`, `ENOTEMPTY`, or
+         * `EPERM` error is encountered, Node.js will retry the operation with a linear
+         * backoff wait of `retryDelay` ms longer on each try. This option represents the
+         * number of retries. This option is ignored if the `recursive` option is not
+         * `true`.
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        maxRetries?: number;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, perform a recursive directory removal. In
+         * recursive mode, errors are not reported if `path` does not exist, and
+         * operations are retried on failure.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        recursive?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The amount of time in milliseconds to wait between retries.
+         * This option is ignored if the `recursive` option is not `true`.
+         * @default 100
+         */
+        retryDelay?: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously removes files and directories (modeled on the standard POSIX `rm` utility).
+     */
+    export function rm(path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+    export function rm(path: PathLike, options: RmOptions, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace rm {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously removes files and directories (modeled on the standard POSIX `rm` utility).
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: RmOptions): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously removes files and directories (modeled on the standard POSIX `rm` utility).
+     */
+    export function rmSync(path: PathLike, options?: RmOptions): void;
+
+    export interface MakeDirectoryOptions {
+        /**
+         * Indicates whether parent folders should be created.
+         * If a folder was created, the path to the first created folder will be returned.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        recursive?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified
+         * @default 0o777
+         */
+        mode?: Mode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    export function mkdir(path: PathLike, options: MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive: true }, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, path?: string) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    export function mkdir(path: PathLike, options: Mode | (MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive?: false; }) | null | undefined, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    export function mkdir(path: PathLike, options: Mode | MakeDirectoryOptions | null | undefined, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, path?: string) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory with a mode of `0o777`.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function mkdir(path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace mkdir {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+         * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive: true; }): Promise<string | undefined>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+         * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: Mode | (MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive?: false; }) | null): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+         * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: Mode | MakeDirectoryOptions | null): Promise<string | undefined>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    export function mkdirSync(path: PathLike, options: MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive: true; }): string | undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    export function mkdirSync(path: PathLike, options?: Mode | (MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive?: false; }) | null): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    export function mkdirSync(path: PathLike, options?: Mode | MakeDirectoryOptions | null): string | undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function mkdtemp(prefix: string, options: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, folder: string) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function mkdtemp(prefix: string, options: "buffer" | { encoding: "buffer" }, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, folder: Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function mkdtemp(prefix: string, options: BaseEncodingOptions | string | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, folder: string | Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     */
+    export function mkdtemp(prefix: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, folder: string) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace mkdtemp {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+         * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(prefix: string, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+         * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(prefix: string, options: BufferEncodingOption): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+         * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(prefix: string, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function mkdtempSync(prefix: string, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): string;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function mkdtempSync(prefix: string, options: BufferEncodingOption): Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required prefix to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function mkdtempSync(prefix: string, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): string | Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readdir(
+        path: PathLike,
+        options: { encoding: BufferEncoding | null; withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, files: string[]) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readdir(path: PathLike, options: { encoding: "buffer"; withFileTypes?: false } | "buffer", callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, files: Buffer[]) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readdir(
+        path: PathLike,
+        options: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, files: string[] | Buffer[]) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function readdir(path: PathLike, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, files: string[]) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options If called with `withFileTypes: true` the result data will be an array of Dirent.
+     */
+    export function readdir(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes: true }, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, files: Dirent[]) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace readdir {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: { encoding: BufferEncoding | null; withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string[]>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: "buffer" | { encoding: "buffer"; withFileTypes?: false }): Promise<Buffer[]>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string[] | Buffer[]>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param options If called with `withFileTypes: true` the result data will be an array of Dirent
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes: true }): Promise<Dirent[]>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readdirSync(path: PathLike, options?: { encoding: BufferEncoding | null; withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | null): string[];
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readdirSync(path: PathLike, options: { encoding: "buffer"; withFileTypes?: false } | "buffer"): Buffer[];
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    export function readdirSync(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | null): string[] | Buffer[];
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options If called with `withFileTypes: true` the result data will be an array of Dirent.
+     */
+    export function readdirSync(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes: true }): Dirent[];
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous close(2) - close a file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function close(fd: number, callback?: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace close {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous close(2) - close a file descriptor.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous close(2) - close a file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function closeSync(fd: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous open(2) - open and possibly create a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not supplied, defaults to `0o666`.
+     */
+    export function open(path: PathLike, flags: OpenMode, mode: Mode | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, fd: number) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous open(2) - open and possibly create a file. If the file is created, its mode will be `0o666`.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function open(path: PathLike, flags: OpenMode, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, fd: number) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace open {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous open(2) - open and possibly create a file.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not supplied, defaults to `0o666`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, flags: OpenMode, mode?: Mode | null): Promise<number>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous open(2) - open and possibly create a file, returning a file descriptor..
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not supplied, defaults to `0o666`.
+     */
+    export function openSync(path: PathLike, flags: OpenMode, mode?: Mode | null): number;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied path.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    export function utimes(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace utimes {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied path.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied path.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    export function utimesSync(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    export function futimes(fd: number, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace futimes {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    export function futimesSync(fd: number, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fsync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with the underlying storage device.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fsync(fd: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace fsync {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fsync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with the underlying storage device.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous fsync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with the underlying storage device.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fsyncSync(fd: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to write. If not supplied, defaults to `buffer.length - offset`.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     */
+    export function write<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        fd: number,
+        buffer: TBuffer,
+        offset: number | undefined | null,
+        length: number | undefined | null,
+        position: number | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, buffer: TBuffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to write. If not supplied, defaults to `buffer.length - offset`.
+     */
+    export function write<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        fd: number,
+        buffer: TBuffer,
+        offset: number | undefined | null,
+        length: number | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, buffer: TBuffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    export function write<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        fd: number,
+        buffer: TBuffer,
+        offset: number | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, buffer: TBuffer) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function write<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(fd: number, buffer: TBuffer, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, buffer: TBuffer) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `string` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param string A string to write.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     * @param encoding The expected string encoding.
+     */
+    export function write(
+        fd: number,
+        string: string,
+        position: number | undefined | null,
+        encoding: BufferEncoding | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, str: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `string` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param string A string to write.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     */
+    export function write(fd: number, string: string, position: number | undefined | null, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, str: string) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `string` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param string A string to write.
+     */
+    export function write(fd: number, string: string, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, written: number, str: string) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace write {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+         * @param length The number of bytes to write. If not supplied, defaults to `buffer.length - offset`.
+         * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+         */
+        function __promisify__<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+            fd: number,
+            buffer?: TBuffer,
+            offset?: number,
+            length?: number,
+            position?: number | null,
+        ): Promise<{ bytesWritten: number, buffer: TBuffer }>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously writes `string` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         * @param string A string to write.
+         * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+         * @param encoding The expected string encoding.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, string: string, position?: number | null, encoding?: BufferEncoding | null): Promise<{ bytesWritten: number, buffer: string }>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor, returning the number of bytes written.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to write. If not supplied, defaults to `buffer.length - offset`.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     */
+    export function writeSync(fd: number, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, offset?: number | null, length?: number | null, position?: number | null): number;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously writes `string` to the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor, returning the number of bytes written.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param string A string to write.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     * @param encoding The expected string encoding.
+     */
+    export function writeSync(fd: number, string: string, position?: number | null, encoding?: BufferEncoding | null): number;
+
+    export type ReadPosition = number | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads data from the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+     * @param offset The offset in the buffer at which to start writing.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to read.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file from which data should be read. If `null`, data will be read from the current position.
+     */
+    export function read<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+        fd: number,
+        buffer: TBuffer,
+        offset: number,
+        length: number,
+        position: ReadPosition | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, bytesRead: number, buffer: TBuffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace read {
+        /**
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+         * @param offset The offset in the buffer at which to start writing.
+         * @param length The number of bytes to read.
+         * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file from which data should be read. If `null`, data will be read from the current position.
+         */
+        function __promisify__<TBuffer extends NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>(
+            fd: number,
+            buffer: TBuffer,
+            offset: number,
+            length: number,
+            position: number | null
+        ): Promise<{ bytesRead: number, buffer: TBuffer }>;
+    }
+
+    export interface ReadSyncOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        offset?: number;
+        /**
+         * @default `length of buffer`
+         */
+        length?: number;
+        /**
+         * @default null
+         */
+        position?: ReadPosition | null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously reads data from the file referenced by the supplied file descriptor, returning the number of bytes read.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+     * @param offset The offset in the buffer at which to start writing.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to read.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file from which data should be read. If `null`, data will be read from the current position.
+     */
+    export function readSync(fd: number, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, offset: number, length: number, position: ReadPosition | null): number;
+
+    /**
+     * Similar to the above `fs.readSync` function, this version takes an optional `options` object.
+     * If no `options` object is specified, it will default with the above values.
+     */
+    export function readSync(fd: number, buffer: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, opts?: ReadSyncOptions): number;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    export function readFile(
+        path: PathLike | number,
+        options: { encoding?: null; flag?: string; } & Abortable | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, data: Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the result, or an object that contains the encoding and an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    export function readFile(
+        path: PathLike | number,
+        options: { encoding: BufferEncoding; flag?: string; } & Abortable | string,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, data: string) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the result, or an object that contains the encoding and an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    export function readFile(
+        path: PathLike | number,
+        // TODO: unify the options across all readfile functions
+        options: BaseEncodingOptions & { flag?: string; } & Abortable | string | undefined | null,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, data: string | Buffer) => void,
+    ): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     */
+    export function readFile(path: PathLike | number, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, data: Buffer) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace readFile {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+         * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike | number, options?: { encoding?: null; flag?: string; } | null): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * @param options Either the encoding for the result, or an object that contains the encoding and an optional flag.
+         * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike | number, options: { encoding: BufferEncoding; flag?: string; } | string): Promise<string>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * @param options Either the encoding for the result, or an object that contains the encoding and an optional flag.
+         * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike | number, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { flag?: string; } | string | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag. If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    export function readFileSync(path: PathLike | number, options?: { encoding?: null; flag?: string; } | null): Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the result, or an object that contains the encoding and an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    export function readFileSync(path: PathLike | number, options: { encoding: BufferEncoding; flag?: string; } | BufferEncoding): string;
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the result, or an object that contains the encoding and an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    export function readFileSync(path: PathLike | number, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { flag?: string; } | BufferEncoding | null): string | Buffer;
+
+    export type WriteFileOptions = (BaseEncodingOptions & Abortable & { mode?: Mode; flag?: string; }) | string | null;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+     * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'w'` is used.
+     */
+    export function writeFile(path: PathLike | number, data: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options: WriteFileOptions, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     */
+    export function writeFile(path: PathLike | number, data: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace writeFile {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists.
+         * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+         * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+         * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+         * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+         * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'w'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike | number, data: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+     * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'w'` is used.
+     */
+    export function writeFileSync(path: PathLike | number, data: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, options?: WriteFileOptions): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
+     * @param file A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+     * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'a'` is used.
+     */
+    export function appendFile(file: PathLike | number, data: string | Uint8Array, options: WriteFileOptions, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
+     * @param file A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     */
+    export function appendFile(file: PathLike | number, data: string | Uint8Array, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace appendFile {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
+         * @param file A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+         * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+         * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+         * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+         * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'a'` is used.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(file: PathLike | number, data: string | Uint8Array, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
+     * @param file A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a file descriptor is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a Buffer or Uint8Array is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+     * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'a'` is used.
+     */
+    export function appendFileSync(file: PathLike | number, data: string | Uint8Array, options?: WriteFileOptions): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`. The callback `listener` will be called each time the file is accessed.
+     */
+    export function watchFile(filename: PathLike, options: { persistent?: boolean; interval?: number; } | undefined, listener: (curr: Stats, prev: Stats) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`. The callback `listener` will be called each time the file is accessed.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function watchFile(filename: PathLike, listener: (curr: Stats, prev: Stats) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Stop watching for changes on `filename`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function unwatchFile(filename: PathLike, listener?: (curr: Stats, prev: Stats) => void): void;
+
+    export interface WatchOptions extends Abortable {
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding | "buffer";
+        persistent?: boolean;
+        recursive?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export type WatchListener<T> = (event: "rename" | "change", filename: T) => void;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the filename provided to the listener, or an object optionally specifying encoding, persistent, and recursive options.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `persistent` is not supplied, the default of `true` is used.
+     * If `recursive` is not supplied, the default of `false` is used.
+     */
+    export function watch(filename: PathLike, options: WatchOptions & { encoding: "buffer" } | "buffer", listener?: WatchListener<Buffer>): FSWatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the filename provided to the listener, or an object optionally specifying encoding, persistent, and recursive options.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `persistent` is not supplied, the default of `true` is used.
+     * If `recursive` is not supplied, the default of `false` is used.
+     */
+    export function watch(
+        filename: PathLike,
+        options?: WatchOptions | BufferEncoding | null,
+        listener?: WatchListener<string>,
+    ): FSWatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the filename provided to the listener, or an object optionally specifying encoding, persistent, and recursive options.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `persistent` is not supplied, the default of `true` is used.
+     * If `recursive` is not supplied, the default of `false` is used.
+     */
+    export function watch(filename: PathLike, options: WatchOptions | string, listener?: WatchListener<string | Buffer>): FSWatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function watch(filename: PathLike, listener?: WatchListener<string>): FSWatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously tests whether or not the given path exists by checking with the file system.
+     * @deprecated since v1.0.0 Use `fs.stat()` or `fs.access()` instead
+     * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function exists(path: PathLike, callback: (exists: boolean) => void): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace exists {
+        /**
+         * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike): Promise<boolean>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously tests whether or not the given path exists by checking with the file system.
+     * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function existsSync(path: PathLike): boolean;
+
+    export namespace constants {
+        // File Access Constants
+
+        /** Constant for fs.access(). File is visible to the calling process. */
+        const F_OK: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.access(). File can be read by the calling process. */
+        const R_OK: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.access(). File can be written by the calling process. */
+        const W_OK: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.access(). File can be executed by the calling process. */
+        const X_OK: number;
+
+        // File Copy Constants
+
+        /** Constant for fs.copyFile. Flag indicating the destination file should not be overwritten if it already exists. */
+        const COPYFILE_EXCL: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Constant for fs.copyFile. copy operation will attempt to create a copy-on-write reflink.
+         * If the underlying platform does not support copy-on-write, then a fallback copy mechanism is used.
+         */
+        const COPYFILE_FICLONE: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Constant for fs.copyFile. Copy operation will attempt to create a copy-on-write reflink.
+         * If the underlying platform does not support copy-on-write, then the operation will fail with an error.
+         */
+        const COPYFILE_FICLONE_FORCE: number;
+
+        // File Open Constants
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating to open a file for read-only access. */
+        const O_RDONLY: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating to open a file for write-only access. */
+        const O_WRONLY: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating to open a file for read-write access. */
+        const O_RDWR: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating to create the file if it does not already exist. */
+        const O_CREAT: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that opening a file should fail if the O_CREAT flag is set and the file already exists. */
+        const O_EXCL: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that if path identifies a terminal device,
+         * opening the path shall not cause that terminal to become the controlling terminal for the process
+         * (if the process does not already have one).
+         */
+        const O_NOCTTY: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that if the file exists and is a regular file, and the file is opened successfully for write access, its length shall be truncated to zero. */
+        const O_TRUNC: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that data will be appended to the end of the file. */
+        const O_APPEND: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that the open should fail if the path is not a directory. */
+        const O_DIRECTORY: number;
+
+        /**
+         * constant for fs.open().
+         * Flag indicating reading accesses to the file system will no longer result in
+         * an update to the atime information associated with the file.
+         * This flag is available on Linux operating systems only.
+         */
+        const O_NOATIME: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that the open should fail if the path is a symbolic link. */
+        const O_NOFOLLOW: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that the file is opened for synchronous I/O. */
+        const O_SYNC: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating that the file is opened for synchronous I/O with write operations waiting for data integrity. */
+        const O_DSYNC: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating to open the symbolic link itself rather than the resource it is pointing to. */
+        const O_SYMLINK: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). When set, an attempt will be made to minimize caching effects of file I/O. */
+        const O_DIRECT: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.open(). Flag indicating to open the file in nonblocking mode when possible. */
+        const O_NONBLOCK: number;
+
+        // File Type Constants
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. Bit mask used to extract the file type code. */
+        const S_IFMT: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a regular file. */
+        const S_IFREG: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a directory. */
+        const S_IFDIR: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a character-oriented device file. */
+        const S_IFCHR: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a block-oriented device file. */
+        const S_IFBLK: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a FIFO/pipe. */
+        const S_IFIFO: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a symbolic link. */
+        const S_IFLNK: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining a file's type. File type constant for a socket. */
+        const S_IFSOCK: number;
+
+        // File Mode Constants
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating readable, writable and executable by owner. */
+        const S_IRWXU: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating readable by owner. */
+        const S_IRUSR: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating writable by owner. */
+        const S_IWUSR: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating executable by owner. */
+        const S_IXUSR: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating readable, writable and executable by group. */
+        const S_IRWXG: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating readable by group. */
+        const S_IRGRP: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating writable by group. */
+        const S_IWGRP: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating executable by group. */
+        const S_IXGRP: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating readable, writable and executable by others. */
+        const S_IRWXO: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating readable by others. */
+        const S_IROTH: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating writable by others. */
+        const S_IWOTH: number;
+
+        /** Constant for fs.Stats mode property for determining access permissions for a file. File mode indicating executable by others. */
+        const S_IXOTH: number;
+
+        /**
+         * When set, a memory file mapping is used to access the file. This flag
+         * is available on Windows operating systems only. On other operating systems,
+         * this flag is ignored.
+         */
+        const UV_FS_O_FILEMAP: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously tests a user's permissions for the file specified by path.
+     * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function access(path: PathLike, mode: number | undefined, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously tests a user's permissions for the file specified by path.
+     * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function access(path: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace access {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously tests a user's permissions for the file specified by path.
+         * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+         * URL support is _experimental_.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(path: PathLike, mode?: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously tests a user's permissions for the file specified by path.
+     * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function accessSync(path: PathLike, mode?: number): void;
+
+    interface StreamOptions {
+        flags?: string;
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding;
+        fd?: number | promises.FileHandle;
+        mode?: number;
+        autoClose?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @default false
+         */
+        emitClose?: boolean;
+        start?: number;
+        highWaterMark?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface ReadStreamOptions extends StreamOptions {
+        end?: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new `ReadStream` object.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function createReadStream(path: PathLike, options?: string | ReadStreamOptions): ReadStream;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new `WriteStream` object.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    export function createWriteStream(path: PathLike, options?: string | StreamOptions): WriteStream;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fdatasync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with storage device.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fdatasync(fd: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace fdatasync {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fdatasync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with storage device.
+         * @param fd A file descriptor.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(fd: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronous fdatasync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with storage device.
+     * @param fd A file descriptor.
+     */
+    export function fdatasyncSync(fd: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously copies src to dest. By default, dest is overwritten if it already exists.
+     * No arguments other than a possible exception are given to the callback function.
+     * Node.js makes no guarantees about the atomicity of the copy operation.
+     * If an error occurs after the destination file has been opened for writing, Node.js will attempt
+     * to remove the destination.
+     * @param src A path to the source file.
+     * @param dest A path to the destination file.
+     */
+    export function copyFile(src: PathLike, dest: PathLike, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously copies src to dest. By default, dest is overwritten if it already exists.
+     * No arguments other than a possible exception are given to the callback function.
+     * Node.js makes no guarantees about the atomicity of the copy operation.
+     * If an error occurs after the destination file has been opened for writing, Node.js will attempt
+     * to remove the destination.
+     * @param src A path to the source file.
+     * @param dest A path to the destination file.
+     * @param flags An integer that specifies the behavior of the copy operation. The only supported flag is fs.constants.COPYFILE_EXCL, which causes the copy operation to fail if dest already exists.
+     */
+    export function copyFile(src: PathLike, dest: PathLike, flags: number, callback: NoParamCallback): void;
+
+    // NOTE: This namespace provides design-time support for util.promisify. Exported members do not exist at runtime.
+    export namespace copyFile {
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously copies src to dest. By default, dest is overwritten if it already exists.
+         * No arguments other than a possible exception are given to the callback function.
+         * Node.js makes no guarantees about the atomicity of the copy operation.
+         * If an error occurs after the destination file has been opened for writing, Node.js will attempt
+         * to remove the destination.
+         * @param src A path to the source file.
+         * @param dest A path to the destination file.
+         * @param flags An optional integer that specifies the behavior of the copy operation.
+         * The only supported flag is fs.constants.COPYFILE_EXCL,
+         * which causes the copy operation to fail if dest already exists.
+         */
+        function __promisify__(src: PathLike, dst: PathLike, flags?: number): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Synchronously copies src to dest. By default, dest is overwritten if it already exists.
+     * Node.js makes no guarantees about the atomicity of the copy operation.
+     * If an error occurs after the destination file has been opened for writing, Node.js will attempt
+     * to remove the destination.
+     * @param src A path to the source file.
+     * @param dest A path to the destination file.
+     * @param flags An optional integer that specifies the behavior of the copy operation.
+     * The only supported flag is fs.constants.COPYFILE_EXCL, which causes the copy operation to fail if dest already exists.
+     */
+    export function copyFileSync(src: PathLike, dest: PathLike, flags?: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Write an array of ArrayBufferViews to the file specified by fd using writev().
+     * position is the offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written.
+     * It is unsafe to use fs.writev() multiple times on the same file without waiting for the callback. For this scenario, use fs.createWriteStream().
+     * On Linux, positional writes don't work when the file is opened in append mode.
+     * The kernel ignores the position argument and always appends the data to the end of the file.
+     */
+    export function writev(
+        fd: number,
+        buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>,
+        cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, bytesWritten: number, buffers: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView[]) => void
+    ): void;
+    export function writev(
+        fd: number,
+        buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>,
+        position: number,
+        cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, bytesWritten: number, buffers: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView[]) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    export interface WriteVResult {
+        bytesWritten: number;
+        buffers: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView[];
+    }
+
+    export namespace writev {
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>, position?: number): Promise<WriteVResult>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * See `writev`.
+     */
+    export function writevSync(fd: number, buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>, position?: number): number;
+
+    export function readv(
+        fd: number,
+        buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>,
+        cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, bytesRead: number, buffers: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView[]) => void
+    ): void;
+    export function readv(
+        fd: number,
+        buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>,
+        position: number,
+        cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, bytesRead: number, buffers: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView[]) => void
+    ): void;
+
+    export interface ReadVResult {
+        bytesRead: number;
+        buffers: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView[];
+    }
+
+    export namespace readv {
+        function __promisify__(fd: number, buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>, position?: number): Promise<ReadVResult>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * See `readv`.
+     */
+    export function readvSync(fd: number, buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>, position?: number): number;
+
+    export interface OpenDirOptions {
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding;
+        /**
+         * Number of directory entries that are buffered
+         * internally when reading from the directory. Higher values lead to better
+         * performance but higher memory usage.
+         * @default 32
+         */
+        bufferSize?: number;
+    }
+
+    export function opendirSync(path: string, options?: OpenDirOptions): Dir;
+
+    export function opendir(path: string, cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, dir: Dir) => void): void;
+    export function opendir(path: string, options: OpenDirOptions, cb: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, dir: Dir) => void): void;
+
+    export namespace opendir {
+        function __promisify__(path: string, options?: OpenDirOptions): Promise<Dir>;
+    }
+
+    export interface BigIntStats extends StatsBase<bigint> {
+    }
+
+    export class BigIntStats {
+        atimeNs: bigint;
+        mtimeNs: bigint;
+        ctimeNs: bigint;
+        birthtimeNs: bigint;
+    }
+
+    export interface BigIntOptions {
+        bigint: true;
+    }
+
+    export interface StatOptions {
+        bigint?: boolean;
+        throwIfNoEntry?: boolean;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/fs/promises.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/fs/promises.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..465e8e637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/fs/promises.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+declare module 'fs/promises' {
+    import { Abortable } from 'events';
+    import {
+        Stats,
+        BigIntStats,
+        StatOptions,
+        WriteVResult,
+        ReadVResult,
+        PathLike,
+        RmDirOptions,
+        RmOptions,
+        MakeDirectoryOptions,
+        Dirent,
+        OpenDirOptions,
+        Dir,
+        BaseEncodingOptions,
+        BufferEncodingOption,
+        OpenMode,
+        Mode,
+        WatchOptions,
+    } from 'fs';
+
+    interface FileHandle {
+        /**
+         * Gets the file descriptor for this file handle.
+         */
+        readonly fd: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not exist. The underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for appending.
+         * @param data The data to write. If something other than a `Buffer` or `Uint8Array` is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+         * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+         * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+         * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+         * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'a'` is used.
+         */
+        appendFile(data: string | Uint8Array, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { mode?: Mode, flag?: OpenMode } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fchown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+         */
+        chown(uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+         * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         */
+        chmod(mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fdatasync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with storage device.
+         */
+        datasync(): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fsync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with the underlying storage device.
+         */
+        sync(): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads data from the file.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for reading.
+         * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+         * @param offset The offset in the buffer at which to start writing.
+         * @param length The number of bytes to read.
+         * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file from which data should be read. If `null`, data will be read from the current position.
+         */
+        read<TBuffer extends Uint8Array>(buffer: TBuffer, offset?: number | null, length?: number | null, position?: number | null): Promise<{ bytesRead: number, buffer: TBuffer }>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file. The underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for reading.
+         * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+         * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+         */
+        readFile(options?: { encoding?: null, flag?: OpenMode } | null): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file. The underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for reading.
+         * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+         * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+         */
+        readFile(options: { encoding: BufferEncoding, flag?: OpenMode } | BufferEncoding): Promise<string>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file. The underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for reading.
+         * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+         * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+         */
+        readFile(options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { flag?: OpenMode } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous fstat(2) - Get file status.
+         */
+        stat(opts?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Promise<Stats>;
+        stat(opts: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): Promise<BigIntStats>;
+        stat(opts?: StatOptions): Promise<Stats | BigIntStats>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous ftruncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+         * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+         */
+        truncate(len?: number): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file.
+         * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+         */
+        utimes(atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for writing.
+         * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+         * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+         * @param length The number of bytes to write. If not supplied, defaults to `buffer.length - offset`.
+         * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+         */
+        write<TBuffer extends Uint8Array>(buffer: TBuffer, offset?: number | null, length?: number | null, position?: number | null): Promise<{ bytesWritten: number, buffer: TBuffer }>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously writes `string` to the file.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for writing.
+         * It is unsafe to call `write()` multiple times on the same file without waiting for the `Promise`
+         * to be resolved (or rejected). For this scenario, `fs.createWriteStream` is strongly recommended.
+         * @param string A string to write.
+         * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+         * @param encoding The expected string encoding.
+         */
+        write(data: string | Uint8Array, position?: number | null, encoding?: BufferEncoding | null): Promise<{ bytesWritten: number, buffer: string }>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists. The underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+         * The `FileHandle` must have been opened for writing.
+         * It is unsafe to call `writeFile()` multiple times on the same file without waiting for the `Promise` to be resolved (or rejected).
+         * @param data The data to write. If something other than a `Buffer` or `Uint8Array` is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+         * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+         * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+         * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+         * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+         * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'w'` is used.
+         */
+        writeFile(data: string | Uint8Array, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { mode?: Mode, flag?: OpenMode } & Abortable | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<void>;
+
+        /**
+         * See `fs.writev` promisified version.
+         */
+        writev(buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>, position?: number): Promise<WriteVResult>;
+
+        /**
+         * See `fs.readv` promisified version.
+         */
+        readv(buffers: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ArrayBufferView>, position?: number): Promise<ReadVResult>;
+
+        /**
+         * Asynchronous close(2) - close a `FileHandle`.
+         */
+        close(): Promise<void>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously tests a user's permissions for the file specified by path.
+     * @param path A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * URL support is _experimental_.
+     */
+    function access(path: PathLike, mode?: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously copies `src` to `dest`. By default, `dest` is overwritten if it already exists.
+     * Node.js makes no guarantees about the atomicity of the copy operation.
+     * If an error occurs after the destination file has been opened for writing, Node.js will attempt
+     * to remove the destination.
+     * @param src A path to the source file.
+     * @param dest A path to the destination file.
+     * @param flags An optional integer that specifies the behavior of the copy operation. The only
+     * supported flag is `fs.constants.COPYFILE_EXCL`, which causes the copy operation to fail if
+     * `dest` already exists.
+     */
+    function copyFile(src: PathLike, dest: PathLike, flags?: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous open(2) - open and possibly create a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not
+     * supplied, defaults to `0o666`.
+     */
+    function open(path: PathLike, flags: string | number, mode?: Mode): Promise<FileHandle>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads data from the file referenced by the supplied `FileHandle`.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+     * @param offset The offset in the buffer at which to start writing.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to read.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file from which data should be read. If
+     * `null`, data will be read from the current position.
+     */
+    function read<TBuffer extends Uint8Array>(
+        handle: FileHandle,
+        buffer: TBuffer,
+        offset?: number | null,
+        length?: number | null,
+        position?: number | null,
+    ): Promise<{ bytesRead: number, buffer: TBuffer }>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `buffer` to the file referenced by the supplied `FileHandle`.
+     * It is unsafe to call `fsPromises.write()` multiple times on the same file without waiting for the `Promise`
+     * to be resolved (or rejected). For this scenario, `fs.createWriteStream` is strongly recommended.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     * @param buffer The buffer that the data will be written to.
+     * @param offset The part of the buffer to be written. If not supplied, defaults to `0`.
+     * @param length The number of bytes to write. If not supplied, defaults to `buffer.length - offset`.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     */
+    function write<TBuffer extends Uint8Array>(
+        handle: FileHandle,
+        buffer: TBuffer,
+        offset?: number | null,
+        length?: number | null, position?: number | null): Promise<{ bytesWritten: number, buffer: TBuffer }>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes `string` to the file referenced by the supplied `FileHandle`.
+     * It is unsafe to call `fsPromises.write()` multiple times on the same file without waiting for the `Promise`
+     * to be resolved (or rejected). For this scenario, `fs.createWriteStream` is strongly recommended.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     * @param string A string to write.
+     * @param position The offset from the beginning of the file where this data should be written. If not supplied, defaults to the current position.
+     * @param encoding The expected string encoding.
+     */
+    function write(handle: FileHandle, string: string, position?: number | null, encoding?: BufferEncoding | null): Promise<{ bytesWritten: number, buffer: string }>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous rename(2) - Change the name or location of a file or directory.
+     * @param oldPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * URL support is _experimental_.
+     * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * URL support is _experimental_.
+     */
+    function rename(oldPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous truncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    function truncate(path: PathLike, len?: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous ftruncate(2) - Truncate a file to a specified length.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     * @param len If not specified, defaults to `0`.
+     */
+    function ftruncate(handle: FileHandle, len?: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous rmdir(2) - delete a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function rmdir(path: PathLike, options?: RmDirOptions): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously removes files and directories (modeled on the standard POSIX `rm` utility).
+     */
+    function rm(path: PathLike, options?: RmOptions): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fdatasync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with storage device.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     */
+    function fdatasync(handle: FileHandle): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fsync(2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with the underlying storage device.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     */
+    function fsync(handle: FileHandle): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    function mkdir(path: PathLike, options: MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive: true; }): Promise<string | undefined>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    function mkdir(path: PathLike, options?: Mode | (MakeDirectoryOptions & { recursive?: false; }) | null): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous mkdir(2) - create a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the file mode, or an object optionally specifying the file mode and whether parent folders
+     * should be created. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer. If not specified, defaults to `0o777`.
+     */
+    function mkdir(path: PathLike, options?: Mode | MakeDirectoryOptions | null): Promise<string | undefined>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function readdir(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string[]>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function readdir(path: PathLike, options: { encoding: "buffer"; withFileTypes?: false } | "buffer"): Promise<Buffer[]>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function readdir(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes?: false } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string[] | Buffer[]>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readdir(3) - read a directory.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options If called with `withFileTypes: true` the result data will be an array of Dirent.
+     */
+    function readdir(path: PathLike, options: BaseEncodingOptions & { withFileTypes: true }): Promise<Dirent[]>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function readlink(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function readlink(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous readlink(2) - read value of a symbolic link.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function readlink(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | string | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous symlink(2) - Create a new symbolic link to an existing file.
+     * @param target A path to an existing file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param path A path to the new symlink. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param type May be set to `'dir'`, `'file'`, or `'junction'` (default is `'file'`) and is only available on Windows (ignored on other platforms).
+     * When using `'junction'`, the `target` argument will automatically be normalized to an absolute path.
+     */
+    function symlink(target: PathLike, path: PathLike, type?: string | null): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous lstat(2) - Get file status. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function lstat(path: PathLike, opts?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Promise<Stats>;
+    function lstat(path: PathLike, opts: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): Promise<BigIntStats>;
+    function lstat(path: PathLike, opts?: StatOptions): Promise<Stats | BigIntStats>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous stat(2) - Get file status.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function stat(path: PathLike, opts?: StatOptions & { bigint?: false }): Promise<Stats>;
+    function stat(path: PathLike, opts: StatOptions & { bigint: true }): Promise<BigIntStats>;
+    function stat(path: PathLike, opts?: StatOptions): Promise<Stats | BigIntStats>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous link(2) - Create a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file.
+     * @param existingPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param newPath A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function link(existingPath: PathLike, newPath: PathLike): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous unlink(2) - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function unlink(path: PathLike): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    function fchmod(handle: FileHandle, mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous chmod(2) - Change permissions of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    function chmod(path: PathLike, mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous lchmod(2) - Change permissions of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param mode A file mode. If a string is passed, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     */
+    function lchmod(path: PathLike, mode: Mode): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous lchown(2) - Change ownership of a file. Does not dereference symbolic links.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function lchown(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the access and modification times of a file in the same way as `fsPromises.utimes()`,
+     * with the difference that if the path refers to a symbolic link, then the link is not
+     * dereferenced: instead, the timestamps of the symbolic link itself are changed.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    function lutimes(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous fchown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     */
+    function fchown(handle: FileHandle, uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous chown(2) - Change ownership of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     */
+    function chown(path: PathLike, uid: number, gid: number): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied path.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    function utimes(path: PathLike, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied `FileHandle`.
+     * @param handle A `FileHandle`.
+     * @param atime The last access time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     * @param mtime The last modified time. If a string is provided, it will be coerced to number.
+     */
+    function futimes(handle: FileHandle, atime: string | number | Date, mtime: string | number | Date): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function realpath(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function realpath(path: PathLike, options: BufferEncodingOption): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronous realpath(3) - return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function realpath(path: PathLike, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required `prefix` to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function mkdtemp(prefix: string, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required `prefix` to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function mkdtemp(prefix: string, options: BufferEncodingOption): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously creates a unique temporary directory.
+     * Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required `prefix` to create a unique temporary directory.
+     * @param options The encoding (or an object specifying the encoding), used as the encoding of the result. If not provided, `'utf8'` is used.
+     */
+    function mkdtemp(prefix: string, options?: BaseEncodingOptions | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists.
+     * It is unsafe to call `fsPromises.writeFile()` multiple times on the same file without waiting for the `Promise` to be resolved (or rejected).
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * URL support is _experimental_.
+     * If a `FileHandle` is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a `Buffer` or `Uint8Array` is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+     * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'w'` is used.
+     */
+    function writeFile(path: PathLike | FileHandle, data: string | Uint8Array, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { mode?: Mode, flag?: OpenMode } & Abortable | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not exist.
+     * @param file A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * URL support is _experimental_.
+     * If a `FileHandle` is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param data The data to write. If something other than a `Buffer` or `Uint8Array` is provided, the value is coerced to a string.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the file, or an object optionally specifying the encoding, file mode, and flag.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `mode` is not supplied, the default of `0o666` is used.
+     * If `mode` is a string, it is parsed as an octal integer.
+     * If `flag` is not supplied, the default of `'a'` is used.
+     */
+    function appendFile(path: PathLike | FileHandle, data: string | Uint8Array, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & { mode?: Mode, flag?: OpenMode } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a `FileHandle` is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    function readFile(path: PathLike | FileHandle, options?: { encoding?: null, flag?: OpenMode } & Abortable | null): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a `FileHandle` is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    function readFile(path: PathLike | FileHandle, options: { encoding: BufferEncoding, flag?: OpenMode } & Abortable | BufferEncoding): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file.
+     * @param path A path to a file. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * If a `FileHandle` is provided, the underlying file will _not_ be closed automatically.
+     * @param options An object that may contain an optional flag.
+     * If a flag is not provided, it defaults to `'r'`.
+     */
+    function readFile(path: PathLike | FileHandle, options?: BaseEncodingOptions & Abortable & { flag?: OpenMode } | BufferEncoding | null): Promise<string | Buffer>;
+
+    function opendir(path: string, options?: OpenDirOptions): Promise<Dir>;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the filename provided to the listener, or an object optionally specifying encoding, persistent, and recursive options.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `persistent` is not supplied, the default of `true` is used.
+     * If `recursive` is not supplied, the default of `false` is used.
+     */
+    function watch(filename: PathLike, options: WatchOptions & { encoding: "buffer" } | "buffer"): AsyncIterable<Buffer>;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the filename provided to the listener, or an object optionally specifying encoding, persistent, and recursive options.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `persistent` is not supplied, the default of `true` is used.
+     * If `recursive` is not supplied, the default of `false` is used.
+     */
+    function watch(
+        filename: PathLike,
+        options?: WatchOptions | BufferEncoding
+    ): AsyncIterable<string>;
+
+    /**
+     * Watch for changes on `filename`, where `filename` is either a file or a directory, returning an `FSWatcher`.
+     * @param filename A path to a file or directory. If a URL is provided, it must use the `file:` protocol.
+     * @param options Either the encoding for the filename provided to the listener, or an object optionally specifying encoding, persistent, and recursive options.
+     * If `encoding` is not supplied, the default of `'utf8'` is used.
+     * If `persistent` is not supplied, the default of `true` is used.
+     * If `recursive` is not supplied, the default of `false` is used.
+     */
+    function watch(filename: PathLike, options: WatchOptions | string): AsyncIterable<string> | AsyncIterable<Buffer>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/globals.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/globals.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd6836c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/globals.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+// Declare "static" methods in Error
+interface ErrorConstructor {
+    /** Create .stack property on a target object */
+    captureStackTrace(targetObject: object, constructorOpt?: Function): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Optional override for formatting stack traces
+     *
+     * @see https://v8.dev/docs/stack-trace-api#customizing-stack-traces
+     */
+    prepareStackTrace?: (err: Error, stackTraces: NodeJS.CallSite[]) => any;
+
+    stackTraceLimit: number;
+}
+
+// Node.js ESNEXT support
+interface String {
+    /** Removes whitespace from the left end of a string. */
+    trimLeft(): string;
+    /** Removes whitespace from the right end of a string. */
+    trimRight(): string;
+
+    /** Returns a copy with leading whitespace removed. */
+    trimStart(): string;
+    /** Returns a copy with trailing whitespace removed. */
+    trimEnd(): string;
+}
+
+interface ImportMeta {
+    url: string;
+}
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------*
+ *                                               *
+ *                   GLOBAL                      *
+ *                                               *
+ ------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// For backwards compability
+interface NodeRequire extends NodeJS.Require { }
+interface RequireResolve extends NodeJS.RequireResolve { }
+interface NodeModule extends NodeJS.Module { }
+
+declare var process: NodeJS.Process;
+declare var console: Console;
+
+declare var __filename: string;
+declare var __dirname: string;
+
+declare function setTimeout(callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ms?: number, ...args: any[]): NodeJS.Timeout;
+declare namespace setTimeout {
+    function __promisify__(ms: number): Promise<void>;
+    function __promisify__<T>(ms: number, value: T): Promise<T>;
+}
+declare function clearTimeout(timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout): void;
+declare function setInterval(callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ms?: number, ...args: any[]): NodeJS.Timeout;
+declare function clearInterval(intervalId: NodeJS.Timeout): void;
+declare function setImmediate(callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ...args: any[]): NodeJS.Immediate;
+declare namespace setImmediate {
+    function __promisify__(): Promise<void>;
+    function __promisify__<T>(value: T): Promise<T>;
+}
+declare function clearImmediate(immediateId: NodeJS.Immediate): void;
+
+declare function queueMicrotask(callback: () => void): void;
+
+declare var require: NodeRequire;
+declare var module: NodeModule;
+
+// Same as module.exports
+declare var exports: any;
+
+// Buffer class
+type BufferEncoding = "ascii" | "utf8" | "utf-8" | "utf16le" | "ucs2" | "ucs-2" | "base64" | "base64url" | "latin1" | "binary" | "hex";
+
+type WithImplicitCoercion<T> = T | { valueOf(): T };
+
+/**
+ * Raw data is stored in instances of the Buffer class.
+ * A Buffer is similar to an array of integers but corresponds to a raw memory allocation outside the V8 heap.  A Buffer cannot be resized.
+ * Valid string encodings: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
+ */
+declare class Buffer extends Uint8Array {
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {str}.
+     *
+     * @param str String to store in buffer.
+     * @param encoding encoding to use, optional.  Default is 'utf8'
+     * @deprecated since v10.0.0 - Use `Buffer.from(string[, encoding])` instead.
+     */
+    constructor(str: string, encoding?: BufferEncoding);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate.
+     * @deprecated since v10.0.0 - Use `Buffer.alloc()` instead (also see `Buffer.allocUnsafe()`).
+     */
+    constructor(size: number);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array The octets to store.
+     * @deprecated since v10.0.0 - Use `Buffer.from(array)` instead.
+     */
+    constructor(array: Uint8Array);
+    /**
+     * Produces a Buffer backed by the same allocated memory as
+     * the given {ArrayBuffer}/{SharedArrayBuffer}.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param arrayBuffer The ArrayBuffer with which to share memory.
+     * @deprecated since v10.0.0 - Use `Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])` instead.
+     */
+    constructor(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer | SharedArrayBuffer);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array The octets to store.
+     * @deprecated since v10.0.0 - Use `Buffer.from(array)` instead.
+     */
+    constructor(array: ReadonlyArray<any>);
+    /**
+     * Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new {Buffer} instance.
+     *
+     * @param buffer The buffer to copy.
+     * @deprecated since v10.0.0 - Use `Buffer.from(buffer)` instead.
+     */
+    constructor(buffer: Buffer);
+    /**
+     * When passed a reference to the .buffer property of a TypedArray instance,
+     * the newly created Buffer will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
+     * The optional {byteOffset} and {length} arguments specify a memory range
+     * within the {arrayBuffer} that will be shared by the Buffer.
+     *
+     * @param arrayBuffer The .buffer property of any TypedArray or a new ArrayBuffer()
+     */
+    static from(arrayBuffer: WithImplicitCoercion<ArrayBuffer | SharedArrayBuffer>, byteOffset?: number, length?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Buffer using the passed {data}
+     * @param data data to create a new Buffer
+     */
+    static from(data: Uint8Array | ReadonlyArray<number>): Buffer;
+    static from(data: WithImplicitCoercion<Uint8Array | ReadonlyArray<number> | string>): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Buffer containing the given JavaScript string {str}.
+     * If provided, the {encoding} parameter identifies the character encoding.
+     * If not provided, {encoding} defaults to 'utf8'.
+     */
+    static from(str: WithImplicitCoercion<string> | { [Symbol.toPrimitive](hint: 'string'): string }, encoding?: BufferEncoding): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Buffer using the passed {data}
+     * @param values to create a new Buffer
+     */
+    static of(...items: number[]): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {obj} is a Buffer
+     *
+     * @param obj object to test.
+     */
+    static isBuffer(obj: any): obj is Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {encoding} is a valid encoding argument.
+     * Valid string encodings in Node 0.12: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
+     *
+     * @param encoding string to test.
+     */
+    static isEncoding(encoding: string): encoding is BufferEncoding;
+    /**
+     * Gives the actual byte length of a string. encoding defaults to 'utf8'.
+     * This is not the same as String.prototype.length since that returns the number of characters in a string.
+     *
+     * @param string string to test.
+     * @param encoding encoding used to evaluate (defaults to 'utf8')
+     */
+    static byteLength(
+        string: string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView | ArrayBuffer | SharedArrayBuffer,
+        encoding?: BufferEncoding
+    ): number;
+    /**
+     * Returns a buffer which is the result of concatenating all the buffers in the list together.
+     *
+     * If the list has no items, or if the totalLength is 0, then it returns a zero-length buffer.
+     * If the list has exactly one item, then the first item of the list is returned.
+     * If the list has more than one item, then a new Buffer is created.
+     *
+     * @param list An array of Buffer objects to concatenate
+     * @param totalLength Total length of the buffers when concatenated.
+     *   If totalLength is not provided, it is read from the buffers in the list. However, this adds an additional loop to the function, so it is faster to provide the length explicitly.
+     */
+    static concat(list: ReadonlyArray<Uint8Array>, totalLength?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * The same as buf1.compare(buf2).
+     */
+    static compare(buf1: Uint8Array, buf2: Uint8Array): number;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate.
+     * @param fill if specified, buffer will be initialized by calling buf.fill(fill).
+     *    If parameter is omitted, buffer will be filled with zeros.
+     * @param encoding encoding used for call to buf.fill while initalizing
+     */
+    static alloc(size: number, fill?: string | Buffer | number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
+     * of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate
+     */
+    static allocUnsafe(size: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new non-pooled buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
+     * of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate
+     */
+    static allocUnsafeSlow(size: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * This is the number of bytes used to determine the size of pre-allocated, internal Buffer instances used for pooling. This value may be modified.
+     */
+    static poolSize: number;
+
+    write(string: string, encoding?: BufferEncoding): number;
+    write(string: string, offset: number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): number;
+    write(string: string, offset: number, length: number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): number;
+    toString(encoding?: BufferEncoding, start?: number, end?: number): string;
+    toJSON(): { type: 'Buffer'; data: number[] };
+    equals(otherBuffer: Uint8Array): boolean;
+    compare(
+        otherBuffer: Uint8Array,
+        targetStart?: number,
+        targetEnd?: number,
+        sourceStart?: number,
+        sourceEnd?: number
+    ): number;
+    copy(targetBuffer: Uint8Array, targetStart?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * Returns a new `Buffer` that references **the same memory as the original**, but offset and cropped by the start and end indices.
+     *
+     * This method is incompatible with `Uint8Array#slice()`, which returns a copy of the original memory.
+     *
+     * @param begin Where the new `Buffer` will start. Default: `0`.
+     * @param end Where the new `Buffer` will end (not inclusive). Default: `buf.length`.
+     */
+    slice(begin?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns a new `Buffer` that references **the same memory as the original**, but offset and cropped by the start and end indices.
+     *
+     * This method is compatible with `Uint8Array#subarray()`.
+     *
+     * @param begin Where the new `Buffer` will start. Default: `0`.
+     * @param end Where the new `Buffer` will end (not inclusive). Default: `buf.length`.
+     */
+    subarray(begin?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
+    writeBigInt64BE(value: bigint, offset?: number): number;
+    writeBigInt64LE(value: bigint, offset?: number): number;
+    writeBigUInt64BE(value: bigint, offset?: number): number;
+    writeBigUInt64LE(value: bigint, offset?: number): number;
+    writeUIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    writeUIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    writeIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    writeIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    readBigUInt64BE(offset?: number): bigint;
+    readBigUInt64LE(offset?: number): bigint;
+    readBigInt64BE(offset?: number): bigint;
+    readBigInt64LE(offset?: number): bigint;
+    readUIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    readUIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    readIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    readIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number): number;
+    readUInt8(offset?: number): number;
+    readUInt16LE(offset?: number): number;
+    readUInt16BE(offset?: number): number;
+    readUInt32LE(offset?: number): number;
+    readUInt32BE(offset?: number): number;
+    readInt8(offset?: number): number;
+    readInt16LE(offset?: number): number;
+    readInt16BE(offset?: number): number;
+    readInt32LE(offset?: number): number;
+    readInt32BE(offset?: number): number;
+    readFloatLE(offset?: number): number;
+    readFloatBE(offset?: number): number;
+    readDoubleLE(offset?: number): number;
+    readDoubleBE(offset?: number): number;
+    reverse(): this;
+    swap16(): Buffer;
+    swap32(): Buffer;
+    swap64(): Buffer;
+    writeUInt8(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeUInt16LE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeUInt16BE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeUInt32LE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeUInt32BE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeInt8(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeInt16LE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeInt16BE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeInt32LE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeInt32BE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeFloatLE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeFloatBE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeDoubleLE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+    writeDoubleBE(value: number, offset?: number): number;
+
+    fill(value: string | Uint8Array | number, offset?: number, end?: number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): this;
+
+    indexOf(value: string | number | Uint8Array, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): number;
+    lastIndexOf(value: string | number | Uint8Array, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): number;
+    entries(): IterableIterator<[number, number]>;
+    includes(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: BufferEncoding): boolean;
+    keys(): IterableIterator<number>;
+    values(): IterableIterator<number>;
+}
+
+//#region borrowed
+// from https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/38da7c600c83e7b31193a62495239a0fe478cb67/lib/lib.webworker.d.ts#L633 until moved to separate lib
+/** A controller object that allows you to abort one or more DOM requests as and when desired. */
+interface AbortController {
+    /**
+     * Returns the AbortSignal object associated with this object.
+     */
+
+    readonly signal: AbortSignal;
+    /**
+     * Invoking this method will set this object's AbortSignal's aborted flag and signal to any observers that the associated activity is to be aborted.
+     */
+    abort(): void;
+}
+
+/** A signal object that allows you to communicate with a DOM request (such as a Fetch) and abort it if required via an AbortController object. */
+interface AbortSignal {
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this AbortSignal's AbortController has signaled to abort, and false otherwise.
+     */
+    readonly aborted: boolean;
+}
+
+declare var AbortController: {
+    prototype: AbortController;
+    new(): AbortController;
+};
+
+declare var AbortSignal: {
+    prototype: AbortSignal;
+    new(): AbortSignal;
+    // TODO: Add abort() static
+};
+//#endregion borrowed
+
+/*----------------------------------------------*
+*                                               *
+*               GLOBAL INTERFACES               *
+*                                               *
+*-----------------------------------------------*/
+declare namespace NodeJS {
+    interface InspectOptions {
+        /**
+         * If set to `true`, getters are going to be
+         * inspected as well. If set to `'get'` only getters without setter are going
+         * to be inspected. If set to `'set'` only getters having a corresponding
+         * setter are going to be inspected. This might cause side effects depending on
+         * the getter function.
+         * @default `false`
+         */
+        getters?: 'get' | 'set' | boolean;
+        showHidden?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @default 2
+         */
+        depth?: number | null;
+        colors?: boolean;
+        customInspect?: boolean;
+        showProxy?: boolean;
+        maxArrayLength?: number | null;
+        /**
+         * Specifies the maximum number of characters to
+         * include when formatting. Set to `null` or `Infinity` to show all elements.
+         * Set to `0` or negative to show no characters.
+         * @default 10000
+         */
+        maxStringLength?: number | null;
+        breakLength?: number;
+        /**
+         * Setting this to `false` causes each object key
+         * to be displayed on a new line. It will also add new lines to text that is
+         * longer than `breakLength`. If set to a number, the most `n` inner elements
+         * are united on a single line as long as all properties fit into
+         * `breakLength`. Short array elements are also grouped together. Note that no
+         * text will be reduced below 16 characters, no matter the `breakLength` size.
+         * For more information, see the example below.
+         * @default `true`
+         */
+        compact?: boolean | number;
+        sorted?: boolean | ((a: string, b: string) => number);
+    }
+
+    interface CallSite {
+        /**
+         * Value of "this"
+         */
+        getThis(): any;
+
+        /**
+         * Type of "this" as a string.
+         * This is the name of the function stored in the constructor field of
+         * "this", if available.  Otherwise the object's [[Class]] internal
+         * property.
+         */
+        getTypeName(): string | null;
+
+        /**
+         * Current function
+         */
+        getFunction(): Function | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * Name of the current function, typically its name property.
+         * If a name property is not available an attempt will be made to try
+         * to infer a name from the function's context.
+         */
+        getFunctionName(): string | null;
+
+        /**
+         * Name of the property [of "this" or one of its prototypes] that holds
+         * the current function
+         */
+        getMethodName(): string | null;
+
+        /**
+         * Name of the script [if this function was defined in a script]
+         */
+        getFileName(): string | null;
+
+        /**
+         * Current line number [if this function was defined in a script]
+         */
+        getLineNumber(): number | null;
+
+        /**
+         * Current column number [if this function was defined in a script]
+         */
+        getColumnNumber(): number | null;
+
+        /**
+         * A call site object representing the location where eval was called
+         * [if this function was created using a call to eval]
+         */
+        getEvalOrigin(): string | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * Is this a toplevel invocation, that is, is "this" the global object?
+         */
+        isToplevel(): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Does this call take place in code defined by a call to eval?
+         */
+        isEval(): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Is this call in native V8 code?
+         */
+        isNative(): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Is this a constructor call?
+         */
+        isConstructor(): boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface ErrnoException extends Error {
+        errno?: number;
+        code?: string;
+        path?: string;
+        syscall?: string;
+        stack?: string;
+    }
+
+    interface ReadableStream extends EventEmitter {
+        readable: boolean;
+        read(size?: number): string | Buffer;
+        setEncoding(encoding: BufferEncoding): this;
+        pause(): this;
+        resume(): this;
+        isPaused(): boolean;
+        pipe<T extends WritableStream>(destination: T, options?: { end?: boolean; }): T;
+        unpipe(destination?: WritableStream): this;
+        unshift(chunk: string | Uint8Array, encoding?: BufferEncoding): void;
+        wrap(oldStream: ReadableStream): this;
+        [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<string | Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    interface WritableStream extends EventEmitter {
+        writable: boolean;
+        write(buffer: Uint8Array | string, cb?: (err?: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+        write(str: string, encoding?: BufferEncoding, cb?: (err?: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+        end(cb?: () => void): void;
+        end(data: string | Uint8Array, cb?: () => void): void;
+        end(str: string, encoding?: BufferEncoding, cb?: () => void): void;
+    }
+
+    interface ReadWriteStream extends ReadableStream, WritableStream { }
+
+    interface Global {
+        AbortController: typeof AbortController;
+        AbortSignal: typeof AbortSignal;
+        Array: typeof Array;
+        ArrayBuffer: typeof ArrayBuffer;
+        Boolean: typeof Boolean;
+        Buffer: typeof Buffer;
+        DataView: typeof DataView;
+        Date: typeof Date;
+        Error: typeof Error;
+        EvalError: typeof EvalError;
+        Float32Array: typeof Float32Array;
+        Float64Array: typeof Float64Array;
+        Function: typeof Function;
+        Infinity: typeof Infinity;
+        Int16Array: typeof Int16Array;
+        Int32Array: typeof Int32Array;
+        Int8Array: typeof Int8Array;
+        Intl: typeof Intl;
+        JSON: typeof JSON;
+        Map: MapConstructor;
+        Math: typeof Math;
+        NaN: typeof NaN;
+        Number: typeof Number;
+        Object: typeof Object;
+        Promise: typeof Promise;
+        RangeError: typeof RangeError;
+        ReferenceError: typeof ReferenceError;
+        RegExp: typeof RegExp;
+        Set: SetConstructor;
+        String: typeof String;
+        Symbol: Function;
+        SyntaxError: typeof SyntaxError;
+        TypeError: typeof TypeError;
+        URIError: typeof URIError;
+        Uint16Array: typeof Uint16Array;
+        Uint32Array: typeof Uint32Array;
+        Uint8Array: typeof Uint8Array;
+        Uint8ClampedArray: typeof Uint8ClampedArray;
+        WeakMap: WeakMapConstructor;
+        WeakSet: WeakSetConstructor;
+        clearImmediate: (immediateId: Immediate) => void;
+        clearInterval: (intervalId: Timeout) => void;
+        clearTimeout: (timeoutId: Timeout) => void;
+        decodeURI: typeof decodeURI;
+        decodeURIComponent: typeof decodeURIComponent;
+        encodeURI: typeof encodeURI;
+        encodeURIComponent: typeof encodeURIComponent;
+        escape: (str: string) => string;
+        eval: typeof eval;
+        global: Global;
+        isFinite: typeof isFinite;
+        isNaN: typeof isNaN;
+        parseFloat: typeof parseFloat;
+        parseInt: typeof parseInt;
+        setImmediate: (callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ...args: any[]) => Immediate;
+        setInterval: (callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ms?: number, ...args: any[]) => Timeout;
+        setTimeout: (callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ms?: number, ...args: any[]) => Timeout;
+        queueMicrotask: typeof queueMicrotask;
+        undefined: typeof undefined;
+        unescape: (str: string) => string;
+        gc: () => void;
+        v8debug?: any;
+    }
+
+    interface RefCounted {
+        ref(): this;
+        unref(): this;
+    }
+
+    // compatibility with older typings
+    interface Timer extends RefCounted {
+        hasRef(): boolean;
+        refresh(): this;
+        [Symbol.toPrimitive](): number;
+    }
+
+    interface Immediate extends RefCounted {
+        hasRef(): boolean;
+        _onImmediate: Function; // to distinguish it from the Timeout class
+    }
+
+    interface Timeout extends Timer {
+        hasRef(): boolean;
+        refresh(): this;
+        [Symbol.toPrimitive](): number;
+    }
+
+    type TypedArray =
+        | Uint8Array
+        | Uint8ClampedArray
+        | Uint16Array
+        | Uint32Array
+        | Int8Array
+        | Int16Array
+        | Int32Array
+        | BigUint64Array
+        | BigInt64Array
+        | Float32Array
+        | Float64Array;
+    type ArrayBufferView = TypedArray | DataView;
+
+    interface Require {
+        (id: string): any;
+        resolve: RequireResolve;
+        cache: Dict<NodeModule>;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated
+         */
+        extensions: RequireExtensions;
+        main: Module | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface RequireResolve {
+        (id: string, options?: { paths?: string[]; }): string;
+        paths(request: string): string[] | null;
+    }
+
+    interface RequireExtensions extends Dict<(m: Module, filename: string) => any> {
+        '.js': (m: Module, filename: string) => any;
+        '.json': (m: Module, filename: string) => any;
+        '.node': (m: Module, filename: string) => any;
+    }
+    interface Module {
+        /**
+         * `true` if the module is running during the Node.js preload
+         */
+        isPreloading: boolean;
+        exports: any;
+        require: Require;
+        id: string;
+        filename: string;
+        loaded: boolean;
+        /** @deprecated since 14.6.0 Please use `require.main` and `module.children` instead. */
+        parent: Module | null | undefined;
+        children: Module[];
+        /**
+         * @since 11.14.0
+         *
+         * The directory name of the module. This is usually the same as the path.dirname() of the module.id.
+         */
+        path: string;
+        paths: string[];
+    }
+
+    interface Dict<T> {
+        [key: string]: T | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface ReadOnlyDict<T> {
+        readonly [key: string]: T | undefined;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/globals.global.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/globals.global.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d66acba63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/globals.global.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+declare var global: NodeJS.Global & typeof globalThis;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/http.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/http.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c138c2dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/http.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+declare module 'http' {
+    import * as stream from 'stream';
+    import { URL } from 'url';
+    import { Socket, Server as NetServer } from 'net';
+
+    // incoming headers will never contain number
+    interface IncomingHttpHeaders extends NodeJS.Dict<string | string[]> {
+        'accept'?: string;
+        'accept-language'?: string;
+        'accept-patch'?: string;
+        'accept-ranges'?: string;
+        'access-control-allow-credentials'?: string;
+        'access-control-allow-headers'?: string;
+        'access-control-allow-methods'?: string;
+        'access-control-allow-origin'?: string;
+        'access-control-expose-headers'?: string;
+        'access-control-max-age'?: string;
+        'access-control-request-headers'?: string;
+        'access-control-request-method'?: string;
+        'age'?: string;
+        'allow'?: string;
+        'alt-svc'?: string;
+        'authorization'?: string;
+        'cache-control'?: string;
+        'connection'?: string;
+        'content-disposition'?: string;
+        'content-encoding'?: string;
+        'content-language'?: string;
+        'content-length'?: string;
+        'content-location'?: string;
+        'content-range'?: string;
+        'content-type'?: string;
+        'cookie'?: string;
+        'date'?: string;
+        'etag'?: string;
+        'expect'?: string;
+        'expires'?: string;
+        'forwarded'?: string;
+        'from'?: string;
+        'host'?: string;
+        'if-match'?: string;
+        'if-modified-since'?: string;
+        'if-none-match'?: string;
+        'if-unmodified-since'?: string;
+        'last-modified'?: string;
+        'location'?: string;
+        'origin'?: string;
+        'pragma'?: string;
+        'proxy-authenticate'?: string;
+        'proxy-authorization'?: string;
+        'public-key-pins'?: string;
+        'range'?: string;
+        'referer'?: string;
+        'retry-after'?: string;
+        'sec-websocket-accept'?: string;
+        'sec-websocket-extensions'?: string;
+        'sec-websocket-key'?: string;
+        'sec-websocket-protocol'?: string;
+        'sec-websocket-version'?: string;
+        'set-cookie'?: string[];
+        'strict-transport-security'?: string;
+        'tk'?: string;
+        'trailer'?: string;
+        'transfer-encoding'?: string;
+        'upgrade'?: string;
+        'user-agent'?: string;
+        'vary'?: string;
+        'via'?: string;
+        'warning'?: string;
+        'www-authenticate'?: string;
+    }
+
+    // outgoing headers allows numbers (as they are converted internally to strings)
+    type OutgoingHttpHeader = number | string | string[];
+
+    interface OutgoingHttpHeaders extends NodeJS.Dict<OutgoingHttpHeader> {
+    }
+
+    interface ClientRequestArgs {
+        abort?: AbortSignal;
+        protocol?: string | null;
+        host?: string | null;
+        hostname?: string | null;
+        family?: number;
+        port?: number | string | null;
+        defaultPort?: number | string;
+        localAddress?: string;
+        socketPath?: string;
+        /**
+         * @default 8192
+         */
+        maxHeaderSize?: number;
+        method?: string;
+        path?: string | null;
+        headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders;
+        auth?: string | null;
+        agent?: Agent | boolean;
+        _defaultAgent?: Agent;
+        timeout?: number;
+        setHost?: boolean;
+        // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/_http_client.js#L278
+        createConnection?: (options: ClientRequestArgs, oncreate: (err: Error, socket: Socket) => void) => Socket;
+    }
+
+    interface ServerOptions {
+        IncomingMessage?: typeof IncomingMessage;
+        ServerResponse?: typeof ServerResponse;
+        /**
+         * Optionally overrides the value of
+         * `--max-http-header-size` for requests received by this server, i.e.
+         * the maximum length of request headers in bytes.
+         * @default 8192
+         */
+        maxHeaderSize?: number;
+        /**
+         * Use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers when true.
+         * Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
+         * See --insecure-http-parser for more information.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        insecureHTTPParser?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    type RequestListener = (req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse) => void;
+
+    interface HttpBase {
+        setTimeout(msecs?: number, callback?: () => void): this;
+        setTimeout(callback: () => void): this;
+        /**
+         * Limits maximum incoming headers count. If set to 0, no limit will be applied.
+         * @default 2000
+         * {@link https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_server_maxheaderscount}
+         */
+        maxHeadersCount: number | null;
+        timeout: number;
+        /**
+         * Limit the amount of time the parser will wait to receive the complete HTTP headers.
+         * @default 60000
+         * {@link https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_server_headerstimeout}
+         */
+        headersTimeout: number;
+        keepAliveTimeout: number;
+        /**
+         * Sets the timeout value in milliseconds for receiving the entire request from the client.
+         * @default 0
+         * {@link https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_server_requesttimeout}
+         */
+        requestTimeout: number;
+    }
+
+    interface Server extends HttpBase {}
+    class Server extends NetServer {
+        constructor(requestListener?: RequestListener);
+        constructor(options: ServerOptions, requestListener?: RequestListener);
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/_http_outgoing.js
+    class OutgoingMessage extends stream.Writable {
+        readonly req: IncomingMessage;
+
+        chunkedEncoding: boolean;
+        shouldKeepAlive: boolean;
+        useChunkedEncodingByDefault: boolean;
+        sendDate: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated Use `writableEnded` instead.
+         */
+        finished: boolean;
+        readonly headersSent: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated Use `socket` instead.
+         */
+        readonly connection: Socket | null;
+        readonly socket: Socket | null;
+
+        constructor();
+
+        setTimeout(msecs: number, callback?: () => void): this;
+        setHeader(name: string, value: number | string | ReadonlyArray<string>): this;
+        getHeader(name: string): number | string | string[] | undefined;
+        getHeaders(): OutgoingHttpHeaders;
+        getHeaderNames(): string[];
+        hasHeader(name: string): boolean;
+        removeHeader(name: string): void;
+        addTrailers(headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders | ReadonlyArray<[string, string]>): void;
+        flushHeaders(): void;
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/_http_server.js#L108-L256
+    class ServerResponse extends OutgoingMessage {
+        statusCode: number;
+        statusMessage: string;
+
+        constructor(req: IncomingMessage);
+
+        assignSocket(socket: Socket): void;
+        detachSocket(socket: Socket): void;
+        // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/test/parallel/test-http-write-callbacks.js#L53
+        // no args in writeContinue callback
+        writeContinue(callback?: () => void): void;
+        writeHead(statusCode: number, reasonPhrase?: string, headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders | OutgoingHttpHeader[]): this;
+        writeHead(statusCode: number, headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders | OutgoingHttpHeader[]): this;
+        writeProcessing(): void;
+    }
+
+    interface InformationEvent {
+        statusCode: number;
+        statusMessage: string;
+        httpVersion: string;
+        httpVersionMajor: number;
+        httpVersionMinor: number;
+        headers: IncomingHttpHeaders;
+        rawHeaders: string[];
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/_http_client.js#L77
+    class ClientRequest extends OutgoingMessage {
+        aborted: boolean;
+        host: string;
+        protocol: string;
+
+        constructor(url: string | URL | ClientRequestArgs, cb?: (res: IncomingMessage) => void);
+
+        method: string;
+        path: string;
+        /** @deprecated since v14.1.0 Use `request.destroy()` instead. */
+        abort(): void;
+        onSocket(socket: Socket): void;
+        setTimeout(timeout: number, callback?: () => void): this;
+        setNoDelay(noDelay?: boolean): void;
+        setSocketKeepAlive(enable?: boolean, initialDelay?: number): void;
+
+        addListener(event: 'abort', listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'connect', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'continue', listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'information', listener: (info: InformationEvent) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'response', listener: (response: IncomingMessage) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'socket', listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'timeout', listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'upgrade', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'close', listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'drain', listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'error', listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'finish', listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'pipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: 'unpipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        on(event: 'abort', listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: 'connect', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'continue', listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: 'information', listener: (info: InformationEvent) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'response', listener: (response: IncomingMessage) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'socket', listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'timeout', listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: 'upgrade', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'close', listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: 'drain', listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: 'error', listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'finish', listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: 'pipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: 'unpipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: 'abort', listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: 'connect', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'continue', listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: 'information', listener: (info: InformationEvent) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'response', listener: (response: IncomingMessage) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'socket', listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'timeout', listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: 'upgrade', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'close', listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: 'drain', listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: 'error', listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'finish', listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: 'pipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: 'unpipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: 'abort', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'connect', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'continue', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'information', listener: (info: InformationEvent) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'response', listener: (response: IncomingMessage) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'socket', listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'timeout', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'upgrade', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'close', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'drain', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'error', listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'finish', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'pipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: 'unpipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'abort', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'connect', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'continue', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'information', listener: (info: InformationEvent) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'response', listener: (response: IncomingMessage) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'socket', listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'timeout', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'upgrade', listener: (response: IncomingMessage, socket: Socket, head: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'close', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'drain', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'error', listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'finish', listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'pipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: 'unpipe', listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    class IncomingMessage extends stream.Readable {
+        constructor(socket: Socket);
+
+        aborted: boolean;
+        httpVersion: string;
+        httpVersionMajor: number;
+        httpVersionMinor: number;
+        complete: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated since v13.0.0 - Use `socket` instead.
+         */
+        connection: Socket;
+        socket: Socket;
+        headers: IncomingHttpHeaders;
+        rawHeaders: string[];
+        trailers: NodeJS.Dict<string>;
+        rawTrailers: string[];
+        setTimeout(msecs: number, callback?: () => void): this;
+        /**
+         * Only valid for request obtained from http.Server.
+         */
+        method?: string;
+        /**
+         * Only valid for request obtained from http.Server.
+         */
+        url?: string;
+        /**
+         * Only valid for response obtained from http.ClientRequest.
+         */
+        statusCode?: number;
+        /**
+         * Only valid for response obtained from http.ClientRequest.
+         */
+        statusMessage?: string;
+        destroy(error?: Error): void;
+    }
+
+    interface AgentOptions {
+        /**
+         * Keep sockets around in a pool to be used by other requests in the future. Default = false
+         */
+        keepAlive?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * When using HTTP KeepAlive, how often to send TCP KeepAlive packets over sockets being kept alive. Default = 1000.
+         * Only relevant if keepAlive is set to true.
+         */
+        keepAliveMsecs?: number;
+        /**
+         * Maximum number of sockets to allow per host. Default for Node 0.10 is 5, default for Node 0.12 is Infinity
+         */
+        maxSockets?: number;
+        /**
+         * Maximum number of sockets allowed for all hosts in total. Each request will use a new socket until the maximum is reached. Default: Infinity.
+         */
+        maxTotalSockets?: number;
+        /**
+         * Maximum number of sockets to leave open in a free state. Only relevant if keepAlive is set to true. Default = 256.
+         */
+        maxFreeSockets?: number;
+        /**
+         * Socket timeout in milliseconds. This will set the timeout after the socket is connected.
+         */
+        timeout?: number;
+        /**
+         * Scheduling strategy to apply when picking the next free socket to use.
+         * @default `lifo`
+         */
+        scheduling?: 'fifo' | 'lifo';
+    }
+
+    class Agent {
+        maxFreeSockets: number;
+        maxSockets: number;
+        maxTotalSockets: number;
+        readonly freeSockets: NodeJS.ReadOnlyDict<Socket[]>;
+        readonly sockets: NodeJS.ReadOnlyDict<Socket[]>;
+        readonly requests: NodeJS.ReadOnlyDict<IncomingMessage[]>;
+
+        constructor(opts?: AgentOptions);
+
+        /**
+         * Destroy any sockets that are currently in use by the agent.
+         * It is usually not necessary to do this. However, if you are using an agent with KeepAlive enabled,
+         * then it is best to explicitly shut down the agent when you know that it will no longer be used. Otherwise,
+         * sockets may hang open for quite a long time before the server terminates them.
+         */
+        destroy(): void;
+    }
+
+    const METHODS: string[];
+
+    const STATUS_CODES: {
+        [errorCode: number]: string | undefined;
+        [errorCode: string]: string | undefined;
+    };
+
+    function createServer(requestListener?: RequestListener): Server;
+    function createServer(options: ServerOptions, requestListener?: RequestListener): Server;
+
+    // although RequestOptions are passed as ClientRequestArgs to ClientRequest directly,
+    // create interface RequestOptions would make the naming more clear to developers
+    interface RequestOptions extends ClientRequestArgs { }
+    function request(options: RequestOptions | string | URL, callback?: (res: IncomingMessage) => void): ClientRequest;
+    function request(url: string | URL, options: RequestOptions, callback?: (res: IncomingMessage) => void): ClientRequest;
+    function get(options: RequestOptions | string | URL, callback?: (res: IncomingMessage) => void): ClientRequest;
+    function get(url: string | URL, options: RequestOptions, callback?: (res: IncomingMessage) => void): ClientRequest;
+    let globalAgent: Agent;
+
+    /**
+     * Read-only property specifying the maximum allowed size of HTTP headers in bytes.
+     * Defaults to 16KB. Configurable using the `--max-http-header-size` CLI option.
+     */
+    const maxHeaderSize: number;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * This utility function converts a URL object into an ordinary options object as
+     * expected by the `http.request()` and `https.request()` APIs.
+     */
+    function urlToHttpOptions(url: URL): ClientRequestArgs;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/http2.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/http2.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d26344e4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/http2.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+declare module 'http2' {
+    import EventEmitter = require('events');
+    import * as fs from 'fs';
+    import * as net from 'net';
+    import * as stream from 'stream';
+    import * as tls from 'tls';
+    import * as url from 'url';
+
+    import {
+        IncomingHttpHeaders as Http1IncomingHttpHeaders,
+        OutgoingHttpHeaders,
+        IncomingMessage,
+        ServerResponse,
+    } from 'http';
+    export { OutgoingHttpHeaders } from 'http';
+
+    export interface IncomingHttpStatusHeader {
+        ":status"?: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface IncomingHttpHeaders extends Http1IncomingHttpHeaders {
+        ":path"?: string;
+        ":method"?: string;
+        ":authority"?: string;
+        ":scheme"?: string;
+    }
+
+    // Http2Stream
+
+    export interface StreamPriorityOptions {
+        exclusive?: boolean;
+        parent?: number;
+        weight?: number;
+        silent?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export interface StreamState {
+        localWindowSize?: number;
+        state?: number;
+        localClose?: number;
+        remoteClose?: number;
+        sumDependencyWeight?: number;
+        weight?: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface ServerStreamResponseOptions {
+        endStream?: boolean;
+        waitForTrailers?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export interface StatOptions {
+        offset: number;
+        length: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface ServerStreamFileResponseOptions {
+        statCheck?(stats: fs.Stats, headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders, statOptions: StatOptions): void | boolean;
+        waitForTrailers?: boolean;
+        offset?: number;
+        length?: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface ServerStreamFileResponseOptionsWithError extends ServerStreamFileResponseOptions {
+        onError?(err: NodeJS.ErrnoException): void;
+    }
+
+    export interface Http2Stream extends stream.Duplex {
+        readonly aborted: boolean;
+        readonly bufferSize: number;
+        readonly closed: boolean;
+        readonly destroyed: boolean;
+        /**
+         * Set the true if the END_STREAM flag was set in the request or response HEADERS frame received,
+         * indicating that no additional data should be received and the readable side of the Http2Stream will be closed.
+         */
+        readonly endAfterHeaders: boolean;
+        readonly id?: number;
+        readonly pending: boolean;
+        readonly rstCode: number;
+        readonly sentHeaders: OutgoingHttpHeaders;
+        readonly sentInfoHeaders?: OutgoingHttpHeaders[];
+        readonly sentTrailers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders;
+        readonly session: Http2Session;
+        readonly state: StreamState;
+
+        close(code?: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        priority(options: StreamPriorityOptions): void;
+        setTimeout(msecs: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        sendTrailers(headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders): void;
+
+        addListener(event: "aborted", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "streamClosed", listener: (code: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "trailers", listener: (trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "wantTrailers", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "aborted"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "data", chunk: Buffer | string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "drain"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "end"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "finish"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "frameError", frameType: number, errorCode: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "pipe", src: stream.Readable): boolean;
+        emit(event: "unpipe", src: stream.Readable): boolean;
+        emit(event: "streamClosed", code: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "timeout"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "trailers", trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "wantTrailers"): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "aborted", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: "streamClosed", listener: (code: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "trailers", listener: (trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "wantTrailers", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "aborted", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: "streamClosed", listener: (code: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "trailers", listener: (trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "wantTrailers", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "aborted", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "streamClosed", listener: (code: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "trailers", listener: (trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "wantTrailers", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "aborted", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "streamClosed", listener: (code: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "trailers", listener: (trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "wantTrailers", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export interface ClientHttp2Stream extends Http2Stream {
+        addListener(event: "continue", listener: () => {}): this;
+        addListener(event: "headers", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "push", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "response", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "continue"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "headers", headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "push", headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "response", headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "continue", listener: () => {}): this;
+        on(event: "headers", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "push", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "response", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "continue", listener: () => {}): this;
+        once(event: "headers", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "push", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "response", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "continue", listener: () => {}): this;
+        prependListener(event: "headers", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "push", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "response", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "continue", listener: () => {}): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "headers", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "push", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "response", listener: (headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export interface ServerHttp2Stream extends Http2Stream {
+        readonly headersSent: boolean;
+        readonly pushAllowed: boolean;
+        additionalHeaders(headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders): void;
+        pushStream(headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders, callback?: (err: Error | null, pushStream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders) => void): void;
+        pushStream(headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders, options?: StreamPriorityOptions, callback?: (err: Error | null, pushStream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders) => void): void;
+        respond(headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders, options?: ServerStreamResponseOptions): void;
+        respondWithFD(fd: number | fs.promises.FileHandle, headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders, options?: ServerStreamFileResponseOptions): void;
+        respondWithFile(path: string, headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders, options?: ServerStreamFileResponseOptionsWithError): void;
+    }
+
+    // Http2Session
+
+    export interface Settings {
+        headerTableSize?: number;
+        enablePush?: boolean;
+        initialWindowSize?: number;
+        maxFrameSize?: number;
+        maxConcurrentStreams?: number;
+        maxHeaderListSize?: number;
+        enableConnectProtocol?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export interface ClientSessionRequestOptions {
+        endStream?: boolean;
+        exclusive?: boolean;
+        parent?: number;
+        weight?: number;
+        waitForTrailers?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    export interface SessionState {
+        effectiveLocalWindowSize?: number;
+        effectiveRecvDataLength?: number;
+        nextStreamID?: number;
+        localWindowSize?: number;
+        lastProcStreamID?: number;
+        remoteWindowSize?: number;
+        outboundQueueSize?: number;
+        deflateDynamicTableSize?: number;
+        inflateDynamicTableSize?: number;
+    }
+
+    export interface Http2Session extends EventEmitter {
+        readonly alpnProtocol?: string;
+        readonly closed: boolean;
+        readonly connecting: boolean;
+        readonly destroyed: boolean;
+        readonly encrypted?: boolean;
+        readonly localSettings: Settings;
+        readonly originSet?: string[];
+        readonly pendingSettingsAck: boolean;
+        readonly remoteSettings: Settings;
+        readonly socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket;
+        readonly state: SessionState;
+        readonly type: number;
+
+        close(callback?: () => void): void;
+        destroy(error?: Error, code?: number): void;
+        goaway(code?: number, lastStreamID?: number, opaqueData?: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView): void;
+        ping(callback: (err: Error | null, duration: number, payload: Buffer) => void): boolean;
+        ping(payload: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView, callback: (err: Error | null, duration: number, payload: Buffer) => void): boolean;
+        ref(): void;
+        setLocalWindowSize(windowSize: number): void;
+        setTimeout(msecs: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        settings(settings: Settings): void;
+        unref(): void;
+
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number, streamID: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "goaway", listener: (errorCode: number, lastStreamID: number, opaqueData: Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "localSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "ping", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "remoteSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "frameError", frameType: number, errorCode: number, streamID: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "goaway", errorCode: number, lastStreamID: number, opaqueData: Buffer): boolean;
+        emit(event: "localSettings", settings: Settings): boolean;
+        emit(event: "ping"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "remoteSettings", settings: Settings): boolean;
+        emit(event: "timeout"): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number, streamID: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "goaway", listener: (errorCode: number, lastStreamID: number, opaqueData: Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: "localSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        on(event: "ping", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "remoteSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        on(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number, streamID: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "goaway", listener: (errorCode: number, lastStreamID: number, opaqueData: Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: "localSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        once(event: "ping", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "remoteSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        once(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number, streamID: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "goaway", listener: (errorCode: number, lastStreamID: number, opaqueData: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "localSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "ping", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "remoteSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "frameError", listener: (frameType: number, errorCode: number, streamID: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "goaway", listener: (errorCode: number, lastStreamID: number, opaqueData: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "localSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "ping", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "remoteSettings", listener: (settings: Settings) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export interface ClientHttp2Session extends Http2Session {
+        request(headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders, options?: ClientSessionRequestOptions): ClientHttp2Stream;
+
+        addListener(event: "altsvc", listener: (alt: string, origin: string, stream: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "origin", listener: (origins: string[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "connect", listener: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ClientHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "altsvc", alt: string, origin: string, stream: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "origin", origins: ReadonlyArray<string>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "connect", session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket): boolean;
+        emit(event: "stream", stream: ClientHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "altsvc", listener: (alt: string, origin: string, stream: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "origin", listener: (origins: string[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "connect", listener: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        on(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ClientHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "altsvc", listener: (alt: string, origin: string, stream: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "origin", listener: (origins: string[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "connect", listener: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        once(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ClientHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "altsvc", listener: (alt: string, origin: string, stream: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "origin", listener: (origins: string[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "connect", listener: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ClientHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "altsvc", listener: (alt: string, origin: string, stream: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "origin", listener: (origins: string[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "connect", listener: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ClientHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders & IncomingHttpStatusHeader, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export interface AlternativeServiceOptions {
+        origin: number | string | url.URL;
+    }
+
+    export interface ServerHttp2Session extends Http2Session {
+        readonly server: Http2Server | Http2SecureServer;
+
+        altsvc(alt: string, originOrStream: number | string | url.URL | AlternativeServiceOptions): void;
+        origin(...args: Array<string | url.URL | { origin: string }>): void;
+
+        addListener(event: "connect", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "connect", session: ServerHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket): boolean;
+        emit(event: "stream", stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "connect", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        on(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "connect", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        once(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "connect", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "connect", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    // Http2Server
+
+    export interface SessionOptions {
+        maxDeflateDynamicTableSize?: number;
+        maxSessionMemory?: number;
+        maxHeaderListPairs?: number;
+        maxOutstandingPings?: number;
+        maxSendHeaderBlockLength?: number;
+        paddingStrategy?: number;
+        peerMaxConcurrentStreams?: number;
+        settings?: Settings;
+        /**
+         * Specifies a timeout in milliseconds that
+         * a server should wait when an [`'unknownProtocol'`][] is emitted. If the
+         * socket has not been destroyed by that time the server will destroy it.
+         * @default 100000
+         */
+        unknownProtocolTimeout?: number;
+
+        selectPadding?(frameLen: number, maxFrameLen: number): number;
+        createConnection?(authority: url.URL, option: SessionOptions): stream.Duplex;
+    }
+
+    export interface ClientSessionOptions extends SessionOptions {
+        maxReservedRemoteStreams?: number;
+        createConnection?: (authority: url.URL, option: SessionOptions) => stream.Duplex;
+        protocol?: 'http:' | 'https:';
+    }
+
+    export interface ServerSessionOptions extends SessionOptions {
+        Http1IncomingMessage?: typeof IncomingMessage;
+        Http1ServerResponse?: typeof ServerResponse;
+        Http2ServerRequest?: typeof Http2ServerRequest;
+        Http2ServerResponse?: typeof Http2ServerResponse;
+    }
+
+    export interface SecureClientSessionOptions extends ClientSessionOptions, tls.ConnectionOptions { }
+    export interface SecureServerSessionOptions extends ServerSessionOptions, tls.TlsOptions { }
+
+    export interface ServerOptions extends ServerSessionOptions { }
+
+    export interface SecureServerOptions extends SecureServerSessionOptions {
+        allowHTTP1?: boolean;
+        origins?: string[];
+    }
+
+    interface HTTP2ServerCommon {
+        setTimeout(msec?: number, callback?: () => void): this;
+        /**
+         * Throws ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_SETTING_VALUE for invalid settings values.
+         * Throws ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE for invalid settings argument.
+         */
+        updateSettings(settings: Settings): void;
+    }
+
+    export interface Http2Server extends net.Server, HTTP2ServerCommon {
+        addListener(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "checkContinue", request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse): boolean;
+        emit(event: "request", request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse): boolean;
+        emit(event: "session", session: ServerHttp2Session): boolean;
+        emit(event: "sessionError", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "stream", stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "timeout"): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        on(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        on(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        on(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        once(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        once(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        once(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export interface Http2SecureServer extends tls.Server, HTTP2ServerCommon {
+        addListener(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "unknownProtocol", listener: (socket: tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "checkContinue", request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse): boolean;
+        emit(event: "request", request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse): boolean;
+        emit(event: "session", session: ServerHttp2Session): boolean;
+        emit(event: "sessionError", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "stream", stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "timeout"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "unknownProtocol", socket: tls.TLSSocket): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        on(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        on(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        on(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "unknownProtocol", listener: (socket: tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        once(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        once(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        once(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "unknownProtocol", listener: (socket: tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "unknownProtocol", listener: (socket: tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "checkContinue", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "request", listener: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "session", listener: (session: ServerHttp2Session) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "sessionError", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "stream", listener: (stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, flags: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "unknownProtocol", listener: (socket: tls.TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export class Http2ServerRequest extends stream.Readable {
+        constructor(stream: ServerHttp2Stream, headers: IncomingHttpHeaders, options: stream.ReadableOptions, rawHeaders: ReadonlyArray<string>);
+
+        readonly aborted: boolean;
+        readonly authority: string;
+        readonly connection: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket;
+        readonly complete: boolean;
+        readonly headers: IncomingHttpHeaders;
+        readonly httpVersion: string;
+        readonly httpVersionMinor: number;
+        readonly httpVersionMajor: number;
+        readonly method: string;
+        readonly rawHeaders: string[];
+        readonly rawTrailers: string[];
+        readonly scheme: string;
+        readonly socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket;
+        readonly stream: ServerHttp2Stream;
+        readonly trailers: IncomingHttpHeaders;
+        readonly url: string;
+
+        setTimeout(msecs: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        read(size?: number): Buffer | string | null;
+
+        addListener(event: "aborted", listener: (hadError: boolean, code: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "aborted", hadError: boolean, code: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "data", chunk: Buffer | string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "end"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "readable"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "aborted", listener: (hadError: boolean, code: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "aborted", listener: (hadError: boolean, code: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "aborted", listener: (hadError: boolean, code: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "aborted", listener: (hadError: boolean, code: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: Buffer | string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    export class Http2ServerResponse extends stream.Writable {
+        constructor(stream: ServerHttp2Stream);
+
+        readonly connection: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket;
+        readonly finished: boolean;
+        readonly headersSent: boolean;
+        readonly socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket;
+        readonly stream: ServerHttp2Stream;
+        sendDate: boolean;
+        statusCode: number;
+        statusMessage: '';
+        addTrailers(trailers: OutgoingHttpHeaders): void;
+        end(callback?: () => void): void;
+        end(data: string | Uint8Array, callback?: () => void): void;
+        end(data: string | Uint8Array, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback?: () => void): void;
+        getHeader(name: string): string;
+        getHeaderNames(): string[];
+        getHeaders(): OutgoingHttpHeaders;
+        hasHeader(name: string): boolean;
+        removeHeader(name: string): void;
+        setHeader(name: string, value: number | string | ReadonlyArray<string>): void;
+        setTimeout(msecs: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        write(chunk: string | Uint8Array, callback?: (err: Error) => void): boolean;
+        write(chunk: string | Uint8Array, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback?: (err: Error) => void): boolean;
+        writeContinue(): void;
+        writeHead(statusCode: number, headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders): this;
+        writeHead(statusCode: number, statusMessage: string, headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders): this;
+        createPushResponse(headers: OutgoingHttpHeaders, callback: (err: Error | null, res: Http2ServerResponse) => void): void;
+
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "drain"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", error: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "finish"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "pipe", src: stream.Readable): boolean;
+        emit(event: "unpipe", src: stream.Readable): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: stream.Readable) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    // Public API
+
+    export namespace constants {
+        const NGHTTP2_SESSION_SERVER: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SESSION_CLIENT: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_IDLE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_OPEN: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_RESERVED_LOCAL: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_RESERVED_REMOTE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_NO_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_TIMEOUT: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_STREAM_CLOSED: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FRAME_SIZE_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_REFUSED_STREAM: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_CANCEL: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_COMPRESSION_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_CONNECT_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_INADEQUATE_SECURITY: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_HTTP_1_1_REQUIRED: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_ERR_FRAME_SIZE_ERROR: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLAG_NONE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_HEADERS: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLAG_ACK: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLAG_PADDED: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_FLAG_PRIORITY: number;
+        const DEFAULT_SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE: number;
+        const DEFAULT_SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH: number;
+        const DEFAULT_SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: number;
+        const DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE: number;
+        const MAX_MAX_FRAME_SIZE: number;
+        const MIN_MAX_FRAME_SIZE: number;
+        const MAX_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_DEFAULT_WEIGHT: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE: number;
+        const NGHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: number;
+        const PADDING_STRATEGY_NONE: number;
+        const PADDING_STRATEGY_MAX: number;
+        const PADDING_STRATEGY_CALLBACK: number;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_STATUS: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_METHOD: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_AUTHORITY: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_SCHEME: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_PATH: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ACCEPT_CHARSET: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ACCEPT_RANGES: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ACCEPT: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_ORIGIN: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_AGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ALLOW: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_AUTHORIZATION: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONNECTION: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_DISPOSITION: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_LANGUAGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_LOCATION: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_MD5: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_RANGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_COOKIE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_DATE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_ETAG: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_EXPECT: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_EXPIRES: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_FROM: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_HOST: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_IF_MATCH: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_IF_NONE_MATCH: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_IF_RANGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_LAST_MODIFIED: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_LINK: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_LOCATION: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_MAX_FORWARDS: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_PREFER: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_PROXY_AUTHENTICATE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_PROXY_AUTHORIZATION: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_RANGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_REFERER: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_REFRESH: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_RETRY_AFTER: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_SERVER: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_SET_COOKIE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_TRANSFER_ENCODING: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_TE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_UPGRADE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_USER_AGENT: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_VARY: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_VIA: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_WWW_AUTHENTICATE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_HTTP2_SETTINGS: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_KEEP_ALIVE: string;
+        const HTTP2_HEADER_PROXY_CONNECTION: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_ACL: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_BASELINE_CONTROL: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_BIND: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_CHECKIN: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_CHECKOUT: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_CONNECT: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_COPY: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_DELETE: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_GET: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_HEAD: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_LABEL: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_LINK: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_LOCK: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MERGE: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MKACTIVITY: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MKCALENDAR: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MKCOL: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MKREDIRECTREF: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MKWORKSPACE: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_MOVE: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_OPTIONS: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_ORDERPATCH: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_PATCH: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_POST: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_PRI: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_PROPFIND: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_PROPPATCH: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_PUT: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_REBIND: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_REPORT: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_SEARCH: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_TRACE: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_UNBIND: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_UNCHECKOUT: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_UNLINK: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_UNLOCK: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_UPDATE: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_UPDATEREDIRECTREF: string;
+        const HTTP2_METHOD_VERSION_CONTROL: string;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_CONTINUE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PROCESSING: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_OK: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_CREATED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_ACCEPTED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NO_CONTENT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_RESET_CONTENT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PARTIAL_CONTENT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_MULTI_STATUS: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_ALREADY_REPORTED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_IM_USED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_MULTIPLE_CHOICES: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_MOVED_PERMANENTLY: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_FOUND: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_SEE_OTHER: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NOT_MODIFIED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_USE_PROXY: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PERMANENT_REDIRECT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_BAD_REQUEST: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PAYMENT_REQUIRED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NOT_ACCEPTABLE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_CONFLICT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_GONE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_LENGTH_REQUIRED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PRECONDITION_FAILED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_URI_TOO_LONG: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_EXPECTATION_FAILED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_TEAPOT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_LOCKED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_FAILED_DEPENDENCY: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_UNORDERED_COLLECTION: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_BAD_GATEWAY: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_LOOP_DETECTED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT_EXCEEDED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NOT_EXTENDED: number;
+        const HTTP_STATUS_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This symbol can be set as a property on the HTTP/2 headers object with
+     * an array value in order to provide a list of headers considered sensitive.
+     */
+    export const sensitiveHeaders: symbol;
+
+    export function getDefaultSettings(): Settings;
+    export function getPackedSettings(settings: Settings): Buffer;
+    export function getUnpackedSettings(buf: Uint8Array): Settings;
+
+    export function createServer(onRequestHandler?: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): Http2Server;
+    export function createServer(options: ServerOptions, onRequestHandler?: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): Http2Server;
+
+    export function createSecureServer(onRequestHandler?: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): Http2SecureServer;
+    export function createSecureServer(options: SecureServerOptions, onRequestHandler?: (request: Http2ServerRequest, response: Http2ServerResponse) => void): Http2SecureServer;
+
+    export function connect(authority: string | url.URL, listener: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void): ClientHttp2Session;
+    export function connect(
+        authority: string | url.URL,
+        options?: ClientSessionOptions | SecureClientSessionOptions,
+        listener?: (session: ClientHttp2Session, socket: net.Socket | tls.TLSSocket) => void
+    ): ClientHttp2Session;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/https.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/https.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23f956819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/https.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+declare module 'https' {
+    import * as tls from 'tls';
+    import * as http from 'http';
+    import { URL } from 'url';
+
+    type ServerOptions = tls.SecureContextOptions & tls.TlsOptions & http.ServerOptions;
+
+    type RequestOptions = http.RequestOptions & tls.SecureContextOptions & {
+        rejectUnauthorized?: boolean; // Defaults to true
+        servername?: string; // SNI TLS Extension
+    };
+
+    interface AgentOptions extends http.AgentOptions, tls.ConnectionOptions {
+        rejectUnauthorized?: boolean;
+        maxCachedSessions?: number;
+    }
+
+    class Agent extends http.Agent {
+        constructor(options?: AgentOptions);
+        options: AgentOptions;
+    }
+
+    interface Server extends http.HttpBase {}
+    class Server extends tls.Server {
+        constructor(requestListener?: http.RequestListener);
+        constructor(options: ServerOptions, requestListener?: http.RequestListener);
+    }
+
+    function createServer(requestListener?: http.RequestListener): Server;
+    function createServer(options: ServerOptions, requestListener?: http.RequestListener): Server;
+    function request(options: RequestOptions | string | URL, callback?: (res: http.IncomingMessage) => void): http.ClientRequest;
+    function request(url: string | URL, options: RequestOptions, callback?: (res: http.IncomingMessage) => void): http.ClientRequest;
+    function get(options: RequestOptions | string | URL, callback?: (res: http.IncomingMessage) => void): http.ClientRequest;
+    function get(url: string | URL, options: RequestOptions, callback?: (res: http.IncomingMessage) => void): http.ClientRequest;
+    let globalAgent: Agent;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa5aaeaad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Type definitions for non-npm package Node.js 15.12
+// Project: http://nodejs.org/
+// Definitions by: Microsoft TypeScript <https://github.com/Microsoft>
+//                 DefinitelyTyped <https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped>
+//                 Alberto Schiabel <https://github.com/jkomyno>
+//                 Alvis HT Tang <https://github.com/alvis>
+//                 Andrew Makarov <https://github.com/r3nya>
+//                 Benjamin Toueg <https://github.com/btoueg>
+//                 Chigozirim C. <https://github.com/smac89>
+//                 David Junger <https://github.com/touffy>
+//                 Deividas Bakanas <https://github.com/DeividasBakanas>
+//                 Eugene Y. Q. Shen <https://github.com/eyqs>
+//                 Hannes Magnusson <https://github.com/Hannes-Magnusson-CK>
+//                 Hoàng Văn Khải <https://github.com/KSXGitHub>
+//                 Huw <https://github.com/hoo29>
+//                 Kelvin Jin <https://github.com/kjin>
+//                 Klaus Meinhardt <https://github.com/ajafff>
+//                 Lishude <https://github.com/islishude>
+//                 Mariusz Wiktorczyk <https://github.com/mwiktorczyk>
+//                 Mohsen Azimi <https://github.com/mohsen1>
+//                 Nicolas Even <https://github.com/n-e>
+//                 Nikita Galkin <https://github.com/galkin>
+//                 Parambir Singh <https://github.com/parambirs>
+//                 Sebastian Silbermann <https://github.com/eps1lon>
+//                 Simon Schick <https://github.com/SimonSchick>
+//                 Thomas den Hollander <https://github.com/ThomasdenH>
+//                 Wilco Bakker <https://github.com/WilcoBakker>
+//                 wwwy3y3 <https://github.com/wwwy3y3>
+//                 Samuel Ainsworth <https://github.com/samuela>
+//                 Kyle Uehlein <https://github.com/kuehlein>
+//                 Thanik Bhongbhibhat <https://github.com/bhongy>
+//                 Marcin Kopacz <https://github.com/chyzwar>
+//                 Trivikram Kamat <https://github.com/trivikr>
+//                 Minh Son Nguyen <https://github.com/nguymin4>
+//                 Junxiao Shi <https://github.com/yoursunny>
+//                 Ilia Baryshnikov <https://github.com/qwelias>
+//                 ExE Boss <https://github.com/ExE-Boss>
+//                 Surasak Chaisurin <https://github.com/Ryan-Willpower>
+//                 Piotr Błażejewicz <https://github.com/peterblazejewicz>
+//                 Anna Henningsen <https://github.com/addaleax>
+//                 Jason Kwok <https://github.com/JasonHK>
+//                 Victor Perin <https://github.com/victorperin>
+//                 Yongsheng Zhang <https://github.com/ZYSzys>
+// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped
+
+// NOTE: These definitions support NodeJS and TypeScript 3.7.
+// Typically type modifications should be made in base.d.ts instead of here
+
+/// <reference path="base.d.ts" />
+
+// NOTE: TypeScript version-specific augmentations can be found in the following paths:
+//          - ~/base.d.ts         - Shared definitions common to all TypeScript versions
+//          - ~/index.d.ts        - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.7
+//          - ~/ts3.6/index.d.ts  - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.6
+
+// NOTE: Augmentations for TypeScript 3.6 and later should use individual files for overrides
+//       within the respective ~/ts3.6 (or later) folder. However, this is disallowed for versions
+//       prior to TypeScript 3.6, so the older definitions will be found here.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/inspector.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/inspector.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7403c5230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/inspector.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3041 @@
+// tslint:disable-next-line:dt-header
+// Type definitions for inspector
+
+// These definitions are auto-generated.
+// Please see https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/pull/19330
+// for more information.
+
+// tslint:disable:max-line-length
+
+/**
+ * The inspector module provides an API for interacting with the V8 inspector.
+ */
+declare module 'inspector' {
+    import EventEmitter = require('events');
+
+    interface InspectorNotification<T> {
+        method: string;
+        params: T;
+    }
+
+    namespace Schema {
+        /**
+         * Description of the protocol domain.
+         */
+        interface Domain {
+            /**
+             * Domain name.
+             */
+            name: string;
+            /**
+             * Domain version.
+             */
+            version: string;
+        }
+
+        interface GetDomainsReturnType {
+            /**
+             * List of supported domains.
+             */
+            domains: Domain[];
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace Runtime {
+        /**
+         * Unique script identifier.
+         */
+        type ScriptId = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Unique object identifier.
+         */
+        type RemoteObjectId = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Primitive value which cannot be JSON-stringified.
+         */
+        type UnserializableValue = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Mirror object referencing original JavaScript object.
+         */
+        interface RemoteObject {
+            /**
+             * Object type.
+             */
+            type: string;
+            /**
+             * Object subtype hint. Specified for <code>object</code> type values only.
+             */
+            subtype?: string;
+            /**
+             * Object class (constructor) name. Specified for <code>object</code> type values only.
+             */
+            className?: string;
+            /**
+             * Remote object value in case of primitive values or JSON values (if it was requested).
+             */
+            value?: any;
+            /**
+             * Primitive value which can not be JSON-stringified does not have <code>value</code>, but gets this property.
+             */
+            unserializableValue?: UnserializableValue;
+            /**
+             * String representation of the object.
+             */
+            description?: string;
+            /**
+             * Unique object identifier (for non-primitive values).
+             */
+            objectId?: RemoteObjectId;
+            /**
+             * Preview containing abbreviated property values. Specified for <code>object</code> type values only.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            preview?: ObjectPreview;
+            /**
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            customPreview?: CustomPreview;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface CustomPreview {
+            header: string;
+            hasBody: boolean;
+            formatterObjectId: RemoteObjectId;
+            bindRemoteObjectFunctionId: RemoteObjectId;
+            configObjectId?: RemoteObjectId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Object containing abbreviated remote object value.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface ObjectPreview {
+            /**
+             * Object type.
+             */
+            type: string;
+            /**
+             * Object subtype hint. Specified for <code>object</code> type values only.
+             */
+            subtype?: string;
+            /**
+             * String representation of the object.
+             */
+            description?: string;
+            /**
+             * True iff some of the properties or entries of the original object did not fit.
+             */
+            overflow: boolean;
+            /**
+             * List of the properties.
+             */
+            properties: PropertyPreview[];
+            /**
+             * List of the entries. Specified for <code>map</code> and <code>set</code> subtype values only.
+             */
+            entries?: EntryPreview[];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface PropertyPreview {
+            /**
+             * Property name.
+             */
+            name: string;
+            /**
+             * Object type. Accessor means that the property itself is an accessor property.
+             */
+            type: string;
+            /**
+             * User-friendly property value string.
+             */
+            value?: string;
+            /**
+             * Nested value preview.
+             */
+            valuePreview?: ObjectPreview;
+            /**
+             * Object subtype hint. Specified for <code>object</code> type values only.
+             */
+            subtype?: string;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface EntryPreview {
+            /**
+             * Preview of the key. Specified for map-like collection entries.
+             */
+            key?: ObjectPreview;
+            /**
+             * Preview of the value.
+             */
+            value: ObjectPreview;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Object property descriptor.
+         */
+        interface PropertyDescriptor {
+            /**
+             * Property name or symbol description.
+             */
+            name: string;
+            /**
+             * The value associated with the property.
+             */
+            value?: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * True if the value associated with the property may be changed (data descriptors only).
+             */
+            writable?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * A function which serves as a getter for the property, or <code>undefined</code> if there is no getter (accessor descriptors only).
+             */
+            get?: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * A function which serves as a setter for the property, or <code>undefined</code> if there is no setter (accessor descriptors only).
+             */
+            set?: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * True if the type of this property descriptor may be changed and if the property may be deleted from the corresponding object.
+             */
+            configurable: boolean;
+            /**
+             * True if this property shows up during enumeration of the properties on the corresponding object.
+             */
+            enumerable: boolean;
+            /**
+             * True if the result was thrown during the evaluation.
+             */
+            wasThrown?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * True if the property is owned for the object.
+             */
+            isOwn?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Property symbol object, if the property is of the <code>symbol</code> type.
+             */
+            symbol?: RemoteObject;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Object internal property descriptor. This property isn't normally visible in JavaScript code.
+         */
+        interface InternalPropertyDescriptor {
+            /**
+             * Conventional property name.
+             */
+            name: string;
+            /**
+             * The value associated with the property.
+             */
+            value?: RemoteObject;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Represents function call argument. Either remote object id <code>objectId</code>, primitive <code>value</code>, unserializable primitive value or neither of (for undefined) them should be specified.
+         */
+        interface CallArgument {
+            /**
+             * Primitive value or serializable javascript object.
+             */
+            value?: any;
+            /**
+             * Primitive value which can not be JSON-stringified.
+             */
+            unserializableValue?: UnserializableValue;
+            /**
+             * Remote object handle.
+             */
+            objectId?: RemoteObjectId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Id of an execution context.
+         */
+        type ExecutionContextId = number;
+
+        /**
+         * Description of an isolated world.
+         */
+        interface ExecutionContextDescription {
+            /**
+             * Unique id of the execution context. It can be used to specify in which execution context script evaluation should be performed.
+             */
+            id: ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Execution context origin.
+             */
+            origin: string;
+            /**
+             * Human readable name describing given context.
+             */
+            name: string;
+            /**
+             * Embedder-specific auxiliary data.
+             */
+            auxData?: {};
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Detailed information about exception (or error) that was thrown during script compilation or execution.
+         */
+        interface ExceptionDetails {
+            /**
+             * Exception id.
+             */
+            exceptionId: number;
+            /**
+             * Exception text, which should be used together with exception object when available.
+             */
+            text: string;
+            /**
+             * Line number of the exception location (0-based).
+             */
+            lineNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * Column number of the exception location (0-based).
+             */
+            columnNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * Script ID of the exception location.
+             */
+            scriptId?: ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * URL of the exception location, to be used when the script was not reported.
+             */
+            url?: string;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript stack trace if available.
+             */
+            stackTrace?: StackTrace;
+            /**
+             * Exception object if available.
+             */
+            exception?: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the context where exception happened.
+             */
+            executionContextId?: ExecutionContextId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Number of milliseconds since epoch.
+         */
+        type Timestamp = number;
+
+        /**
+         * Stack entry for runtime errors and assertions.
+         */
+        interface CallFrame {
+            /**
+             * JavaScript function name.
+             */
+            functionName: string;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script id.
+             */
+            scriptId: ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script name or url.
+             */
+            url: string;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script line number (0-based).
+             */
+            lineNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script column number (0-based).
+             */
+            columnNumber: number;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Call frames for assertions or error messages.
+         */
+        interface StackTrace {
+            /**
+             * String label of this stack trace. For async traces this may be a name of the function that initiated the async call.
+             */
+            description?: string;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript function name.
+             */
+            callFrames: CallFrame[];
+            /**
+             * Asynchronous JavaScript stack trace that preceded this stack, if available.
+             */
+            parent?: StackTrace;
+            /**
+             * Asynchronous JavaScript stack trace that preceded this stack, if available.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            parentId?: StackTraceId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Unique identifier of current debugger.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        type UniqueDebuggerId = string;
+
+        /**
+         * If <code>debuggerId</code> is set stack trace comes from another debugger and can be resolved there. This allows to track cross-debugger calls. See <code>Runtime.StackTrace</code> and <code>Debugger.paused</code> for usages.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface StackTraceId {
+            id: string;
+            debuggerId?: UniqueDebuggerId;
+        }
+
+        interface EvaluateParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Expression to evaluate.
+             */
+            expression: string;
+            /**
+             * Symbolic group name that can be used to release multiple objects.
+             */
+            objectGroup?: string;
+            /**
+             * Determines whether Command Line API should be available during the evaluation.
+             */
+            includeCommandLineAPI?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * In silent mode exceptions thrown during evaluation are not reported and do not pause execution. Overrides <code>setPauseOnException</code> state.
+             */
+            silent?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Specifies in which execution context to perform evaluation. If the parameter is omitted the evaluation will be performed in the context of the inspected page.
+             */
+            contextId?: ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Whether the result is expected to be a JSON object that should be sent by value.
+             */
+            returnByValue?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether preview should be generated for the result.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            generatePreview?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether execution should be treated as initiated by user in the UI.
+             */
+            userGesture?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether execution should <code>await</code> for resulting value and return once awaited promise is resolved.
+             */
+            awaitPromise?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface AwaitPromiseParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the promise.
+             */
+            promiseObjectId: RemoteObjectId;
+            /**
+             * Whether the result is expected to be a JSON object that should be sent by value.
+             */
+            returnByValue?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether preview should be generated for the result.
+             */
+            generatePreview?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface CallFunctionOnParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Declaration of the function to call.
+             */
+            functionDeclaration: string;
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the object to call function on. Either objectId or executionContextId should be specified.
+             */
+            objectId?: RemoteObjectId;
+            /**
+             * Call arguments. All call arguments must belong to the same JavaScript world as the target object.
+             */
+            arguments?: CallArgument[];
+            /**
+             * In silent mode exceptions thrown during evaluation are not reported and do not pause execution. Overrides <code>setPauseOnException</code> state.
+             */
+            silent?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether the result is expected to be a JSON object which should be sent by value.
+             */
+            returnByValue?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether preview should be generated for the result.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            generatePreview?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether execution should be treated as initiated by user in the UI.
+             */
+            userGesture?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether execution should <code>await</code> for resulting value and return once awaited promise is resolved.
+             */
+            awaitPromise?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Specifies execution context which global object will be used to call function on. Either executionContextId or objectId should be specified.
+             */
+            executionContextId?: ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Symbolic group name that can be used to release multiple objects. If objectGroup is not specified and objectId is, objectGroup will be inherited from object.
+             */
+            objectGroup?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface GetPropertiesParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the object to return properties for.
+             */
+            objectId: RemoteObjectId;
+            /**
+             * If true, returns properties belonging only to the element itself, not to its prototype chain.
+             */
+            ownProperties?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * If true, returns accessor properties (with getter/setter) only; internal properties are not returned either.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            accessorPropertiesOnly?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether preview should be generated for the results.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            generatePreview?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface ReleaseObjectParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the object to release.
+             */
+            objectId: RemoteObjectId;
+        }
+
+        interface ReleaseObjectGroupParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Symbolic object group name.
+             */
+            objectGroup: string;
+        }
+
+        interface SetCustomObjectFormatterEnabledParameterType {
+            enabled: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface CompileScriptParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Expression to compile.
+             */
+            expression: string;
+            /**
+             * Source url to be set for the script.
+             */
+            sourceURL: string;
+            /**
+             * Specifies whether the compiled script should be persisted.
+             */
+            persistScript: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Specifies in which execution context to perform script run. If the parameter is omitted the evaluation will be performed in the context of the inspected page.
+             */
+            executionContextId?: ExecutionContextId;
+        }
+
+        interface RunScriptParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the script to run.
+             */
+            scriptId: ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * Specifies in which execution context to perform script run. If the parameter is omitted the evaluation will be performed in the context of the inspected page.
+             */
+            executionContextId?: ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Symbolic group name that can be used to release multiple objects.
+             */
+            objectGroup?: string;
+            /**
+             * In silent mode exceptions thrown during evaluation are not reported and do not pause execution. Overrides <code>setPauseOnException</code> state.
+             */
+            silent?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Determines whether Command Line API should be available during the evaluation.
+             */
+            includeCommandLineAPI?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether the result is expected to be a JSON object which should be sent by value.
+             */
+            returnByValue?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether preview should be generated for the result.
+             */
+            generatePreview?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether execution should <code>await</code> for resulting value and return once awaited promise is resolved.
+             */
+            awaitPromise?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface QueryObjectsParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the prototype to return objects for.
+             */
+            prototypeObjectId: RemoteObjectId;
+        }
+
+        interface GlobalLexicalScopeNamesParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Specifies in which execution context to lookup global scope variables.
+             */
+            executionContextId?: ExecutionContextId;
+        }
+
+        interface EvaluateReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Evaluation result.
+             */
+            result: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * Exception details.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface AwaitPromiseReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Promise result. Will contain rejected value if promise was rejected.
+             */
+            result: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * Exception details if stack strace is available.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface CallFunctionOnReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Call result.
+             */
+            result: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * Exception details.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface GetPropertiesReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Object properties.
+             */
+            result: PropertyDescriptor[];
+            /**
+             * Internal object properties (only of the element itself).
+             */
+            internalProperties?: InternalPropertyDescriptor[];
+            /**
+             * Exception details.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface CompileScriptReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the script.
+             */
+            scriptId?: ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * Exception details.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface RunScriptReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Run result.
+             */
+            result: RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * Exception details.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface QueryObjectsReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Array with objects.
+             */
+            objects: RemoteObject;
+        }
+
+        interface GlobalLexicalScopeNamesReturnType {
+            names: string[];
+        }
+
+        interface ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * A newly created execution context.
+             */
+            context: ExecutionContextDescription;
+        }
+
+        interface ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the destroyed context
+             */
+            executionContextId: ExecutionContextId;
+        }
+
+        interface ExceptionThrownEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Timestamp of the exception.
+             */
+            timestamp: Timestamp;
+            exceptionDetails: ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface ExceptionRevokedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Reason describing why exception was revoked.
+             */
+            reason: string;
+            /**
+             * The id of revoked exception, as reported in <code>exceptionThrown</code>.
+             */
+            exceptionId: number;
+        }
+
+        interface ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Type of the call.
+             */
+            type: string;
+            /**
+             * Call arguments.
+             */
+            args: RemoteObject[];
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the context where the call was made.
+             */
+            executionContextId: ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Call timestamp.
+             */
+            timestamp: Timestamp;
+            /**
+             * Stack trace captured when the call was made.
+             */
+            stackTrace?: StackTrace;
+            /**
+             * Console context descriptor for calls on non-default console context (not console.*): 'anonymous#unique-logger-id' for call on unnamed context, 'name#unique-logger-id' for call on named context.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            context?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface InspectRequestedEventDataType {
+            object: RemoteObject;
+            hints: {};
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace Debugger {
+        /**
+         * Breakpoint identifier.
+         */
+        type BreakpointId = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Call frame identifier.
+         */
+        type CallFrameId = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Location in the source code.
+         */
+        interface Location {
+            /**
+             * Script identifier as reported in the <code>Debugger.scriptParsed</code>.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * Line number in the script (0-based).
+             */
+            lineNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * Column number in the script (0-based).
+             */
+            columnNumber?: number;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Location in the source code.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface ScriptPosition {
+            lineNumber: number;
+            columnNumber: number;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * JavaScript call frame. Array of call frames form the call stack.
+         */
+        interface CallFrame {
+            /**
+             * Call frame identifier. This identifier is only valid while the virtual machine is paused.
+             */
+            callFrameId: CallFrameId;
+            /**
+             * Name of the JavaScript function called on this call frame.
+             */
+            functionName: string;
+            /**
+             * Location in the source code.
+             */
+            functionLocation?: Location;
+            /**
+             * Location in the source code.
+             */
+            location: Location;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script name or url.
+             */
+            url: string;
+            /**
+             * Scope chain for this call frame.
+             */
+            scopeChain: Scope[];
+            /**
+             * <code>this</code> object for this call frame.
+             */
+            this: Runtime.RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * The value being returned, if the function is at return point.
+             */
+            returnValue?: Runtime.RemoteObject;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Scope description.
+         */
+        interface Scope {
+            /**
+             * Scope type.
+             */
+            type: string;
+            /**
+             * Object representing the scope. For <code>global</code> and <code>with</code> scopes it represents the actual object; for the rest of the scopes, it is artificial transient object enumerating scope variables as its properties.
+             */
+            object: Runtime.RemoteObject;
+            name?: string;
+            /**
+             * Location in the source code where scope starts
+             */
+            startLocation?: Location;
+            /**
+             * Location in the source code where scope ends
+             */
+            endLocation?: Location;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Search match for resource.
+         */
+        interface SearchMatch {
+            /**
+             * Line number in resource content.
+             */
+            lineNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * Line with match content.
+             */
+            lineContent: string;
+        }
+
+        interface BreakLocation {
+            /**
+             * Script identifier as reported in the <code>Debugger.scriptParsed</code>.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * Line number in the script (0-based).
+             */
+            lineNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * Column number in the script (0-based).
+             */
+            columnNumber?: number;
+            type?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface SetBreakpointsActiveParameterType {
+            /**
+             * New value for breakpoints active state.
+             */
+            active: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface SetSkipAllPausesParameterType {
+            /**
+             * New value for skip pauses state.
+             */
+            skip: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface SetBreakpointByUrlParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Line number to set breakpoint at.
+             */
+            lineNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * URL of the resources to set breakpoint on.
+             */
+            url?: string;
+            /**
+             * Regex pattern for the URLs of the resources to set breakpoints on. Either <code>url</code> or <code>urlRegex</code> must be specified.
+             */
+            urlRegex?: string;
+            /**
+             * Script hash of the resources to set breakpoint on.
+             */
+            scriptHash?: string;
+            /**
+             * Offset in the line to set breakpoint at.
+             */
+            columnNumber?: number;
+            /**
+             * Expression to use as a breakpoint condition. When specified, debugger will only stop on the breakpoint if this expression evaluates to true.
+             */
+            condition?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface SetBreakpointParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Location to set breakpoint in.
+             */
+            location: Location;
+            /**
+             * Expression to use as a breakpoint condition. When specified, debugger will only stop on the breakpoint if this expression evaluates to true.
+             */
+            condition?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface RemoveBreakpointParameterType {
+            breakpointId: BreakpointId;
+        }
+
+        interface GetPossibleBreakpointsParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Start of range to search possible breakpoint locations in.
+             */
+            start: Location;
+            /**
+             * End of range to search possible breakpoint locations in (excluding). When not specified, end of scripts is used as end of range.
+             */
+            end?: Location;
+            /**
+             * Only consider locations which are in the same (non-nested) function as start.
+             */
+            restrictToFunction?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface ContinueToLocationParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Location to continue to.
+             */
+            location: Location;
+            targetCallFrames?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface PauseOnAsyncCallParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Debugger will pause when async call with given stack trace is started.
+             */
+            parentStackTraceId: Runtime.StackTraceId;
+        }
+
+        interface StepIntoParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Debugger will issue additional Debugger.paused notification if any async task is scheduled before next pause.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            breakOnAsyncCall?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface GetStackTraceParameterType {
+            stackTraceId: Runtime.StackTraceId;
+        }
+
+        interface SearchInContentParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the script to search in.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * String to search for.
+             */
+            query: string;
+            /**
+             * If true, search is case sensitive.
+             */
+            caseSensitive?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * If true, treats string parameter as regex.
+             */
+            isRegex?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface SetScriptSourceParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the script to edit.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * New content of the script.
+             */
+            scriptSource: string;
+            /**
+             *  If true the change will not actually be applied. Dry run may be used to get result description without actually modifying the code.
+             */
+            dryRun?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface RestartFrameParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Call frame identifier to evaluate on.
+             */
+            callFrameId: CallFrameId;
+        }
+
+        interface GetScriptSourceParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the script to get source for.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+        }
+
+        interface SetPauseOnExceptionsParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Pause on exceptions mode.
+             */
+            state: string;
+        }
+
+        interface EvaluateOnCallFrameParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Call frame identifier to evaluate on.
+             */
+            callFrameId: CallFrameId;
+            /**
+             * Expression to evaluate.
+             */
+            expression: string;
+            /**
+             * String object group name to put result into (allows rapid releasing resulting object handles using <code>releaseObjectGroup</code>).
+             */
+            objectGroup?: string;
+            /**
+             * Specifies whether command line API should be available to the evaluated expression, defaults to false.
+             */
+            includeCommandLineAPI?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * In silent mode exceptions thrown during evaluation are not reported and do not pause execution. Overrides <code>setPauseOnException</code> state.
+             */
+            silent?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether the result is expected to be a JSON object that should be sent by value.
+             */
+            returnByValue?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether preview should be generated for the result.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            generatePreview?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Whether to throw an exception if side effect cannot be ruled out during evaluation.
+             */
+            throwOnSideEffect?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface SetVariableValueParameterType {
+            /**
+             * 0-based number of scope as was listed in scope chain. Only 'local', 'closure' and 'catch' scope types are allowed. Other scopes could be manipulated manually.
+             */
+            scopeNumber: number;
+            /**
+             * Variable name.
+             */
+            variableName: string;
+            /**
+             * New variable value.
+             */
+            newValue: Runtime.CallArgument;
+            /**
+             * Id of callframe that holds variable.
+             */
+            callFrameId: CallFrameId;
+        }
+
+        interface SetReturnValueParameterType {
+            /**
+             * New return value.
+             */
+            newValue: Runtime.CallArgument;
+        }
+
+        interface SetAsyncCallStackDepthParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Maximum depth of async call stacks. Setting to <code>0</code> will effectively disable collecting async call stacks (default).
+             */
+            maxDepth: number;
+        }
+
+        interface SetBlackboxPatternsParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Array of regexps that will be used to check script url for blackbox state.
+             */
+            patterns: string[];
+        }
+
+        interface SetBlackboxedRangesParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the script.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            positions: ScriptPosition[];
+        }
+
+        interface EnableReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Unique identifier of the debugger.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            debuggerId: Runtime.UniqueDebuggerId;
+        }
+
+        interface SetBreakpointByUrlReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the created breakpoint for further reference.
+             */
+            breakpointId: BreakpointId;
+            /**
+             * List of the locations this breakpoint resolved into upon addition.
+             */
+            locations: Location[];
+        }
+
+        interface SetBreakpointReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the created breakpoint for further reference.
+             */
+            breakpointId: BreakpointId;
+            /**
+             * Location this breakpoint resolved into.
+             */
+            actualLocation: Location;
+        }
+
+        interface GetPossibleBreakpointsReturnType {
+            /**
+             * List of the possible breakpoint locations.
+             */
+            locations: BreakLocation[];
+        }
+
+        interface GetStackTraceReturnType {
+            stackTrace: Runtime.StackTrace;
+        }
+
+        interface SearchInContentReturnType {
+            /**
+             * List of search matches.
+             */
+            result: SearchMatch[];
+        }
+
+        interface SetScriptSourceReturnType {
+            /**
+             * New stack trace in case editing has happened while VM was stopped.
+             */
+            callFrames?: CallFrame[];
+            /**
+             * Whether current call stack  was modified after applying the changes.
+             */
+            stackChanged?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Async stack trace, if any.
+             */
+            asyncStackTrace?: Runtime.StackTrace;
+            /**
+             * Async stack trace, if any.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            asyncStackTraceId?: Runtime.StackTraceId;
+            /**
+             * Exception details if any.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: Runtime.ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface RestartFrameReturnType {
+            /**
+             * New stack trace.
+             */
+            callFrames: CallFrame[];
+            /**
+             * Async stack trace, if any.
+             */
+            asyncStackTrace?: Runtime.StackTrace;
+            /**
+             * Async stack trace, if any.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            asyncStackTraceId?: Runtime.StackTraceId;
+        }
+
+        interface GetScriptSourceReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Script source.
+             */
+            scriptSource: string;
+        }
+
+        interface EvaluateOnCallFrameReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Object wrapper for the evaluation result.
+             */
+            result: Runtime.RemoteObject;
+            /**
+             * Exception details.
+             */
+            exceptionDetails?: Runtime.ExceptionDetails;
+        }
+
+        interface ScriptParsedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the script parsed.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * URL or name of the script parsed (if any).
+             */
+            url: string;
+            /**
+             * Line offset of the script within the resource with given URL (for script tags).
+             */
+            startLine: number;
+            /**
+             * Column offset of the script within the resource with given URL.
+             */
+            startColumn: number;
+            /**
+             * Last line of the script.
+             */
+            endLine: number;
+            /**
+             * Length of the last line of the script.
+             */
+            endColumn: number;
+            /**
+             * Specifies script creation context.
+             */
+            executionContextId: Runtime.ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Content hash of the script.
+             */
+            hash: string;
+            /**
+             * Embedder-specific auxiliary data.
+             */
+            executionContextAuxData?: {};
+            /**
+             * True, if this script is generated as a result of the live edit operation.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            isLiveEdit?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * URL of source map associated with script (if any).
+             */
+            sourceMapURL?: string;
+            /**
+             * True, if this script has sourceURL.
+             */
+            hasSourceURL?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * True, if this script is ES6 module.
+             */
+            isModule?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * This script length.
+             */
+            length?: number;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript top stack frame of where the script parsed event was triggered if available.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            stackTrace?: Runtime.StackTrace;
+        }
+
+        interface ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the script parsed.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * URL or name of the script parsed (if any).
+             */
+            url: string;
+            /**
+             * Line offset of the script within the resource with given URL (for script tags).
+             */
+            startLine: number;
+            /**
+             * Column offset of the script within the resource with given URL.
+             */
+            startColumn: number;
+            /**
+             * Last line of the script.
+             */
+            endLine: number;
+            /**
+             * Length of the last line of the script.
+             */
+            endColumn: number;
+            /**
+             * Specifies script creation context.
+             */
+            executionContextId: Runtime.ExecutionContextId;
+            /**
+             * Content hash of the script.
+             */
+            hash: string;
+            /**
+             * Embedder-specific auxiliary data.
+             */
+            executionContextAuxData?: {};
+            /**
+             * URL of source map associated with script (if any).
+             */
+            sourceMapURL?: string;
+            /**
+             * True, if this script has sourceURL.
+             */
+            hasSourceURL?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * True, if this script is ES6 module.
+             */
+            isModule?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * This script length.
+             */
+            length?: number;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript top stack frame of where the script parsed event was triggered if available.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            stackTrace?: Runtime.StackTrace;
+        }
+
+        interface BreakpointResolvedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Breakpoint unique identifier.
+             */
+            breakpointId: BreakpointId;
+            /**
+             * Actual breakpoint location.
+             */
+            location: Location;
+        }
+
+        interface PausedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Call stack the virtual machine stopped on.
+             */
+            callFrames: CallFrame[];
+            /**
+             * Pause reason.
+             */
+            reason: string;
+            /**
+             * Object containing break-specific auxiliary properties.
+             */
+            data?: {};
+            /**
+             * Hit breakpoints IDs
+             */
+            hitBreakpoints?: string[];
+            /**
+             * Async stack trace, if any.
+             */
+            asyncStackTrace?: Runtime.StackTrace;
+            /**
+             * Async stack trace, if any.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            asyncStackTraceId?: Runtime.StackTraceId;
+            /**
+             * Just scheduled async call will have this stack trace as parent stack during async execution. This field is available only after <code>Debugger.stepInto</code> call with <code>breakOnAsynCall</code> flag.
+             * @experimental
+             */
+            asyncCallStackTraceId?: Runtime.StackTraceId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace Console {
+        /**
+         * Console message.
+         */
+        interface ConsoleMessage {
+            /**
+             * Message source.
+             */
+            source: string;
+            /**
+             * Message severity.
+             */
+            level: string;
+            /**
+             * Message text.
+             */
+            text: string;
+            /**
+             * URL of the message origin.
+             */
+            url?: string;
+            /**
+             * Line number in the resource that generated this message (1-based).
+             */
+            line?: number;
+            /**
+             * Column number in the resource that generated this message (1-based).
+             */
+            column?: number;
+        }
+
+        interface MessageAddedEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Console message that has been added.
+             */
+            message: ConsoleMessage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace Profiler {
+        /**
+         * Profile node. Holds callsite information, execution statistics and child nodes.
+         */
+        interface ProfileNode {
+            /**
+             * Unique id of the node.
+             */
+            id: number;
+            /**
+             * Function location.
+             */
+            callFrame: Runtime.CallFrame;
+            /**
+             * Number of samples where this node was on top of the call stack.
+             */
+            hitCount?: number;
+            /**
+             * Child node ids.
+             */
+            children?: number[];
+            /**
+             * The reason of being not optimized. The function may be deoptimized or marked as don't optimize.
+             */
+            deoptReason?: string;
+            /**
+             * An array of source position ticks.
+             */
+            positionTicks?: PositionTickInfo[];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Profile.
+         */
+        interface Profile {
+            /**
+             * The list of profile nodes. First item is the root node.
+             */
+            nodes: ProfileNode[];
+            /**
+             * Profiling start timestamp in microseconds.
+             */
+            startTime: number;
+            /**
+             * Profiling end timestamp in microseconds.
+             */
+            endTime: number;
+            /**
+             * Ids of samples top nodes.
+             */
+            samples?: number[];
+            /**
+             * Time intervals between adjacent samples in microseconds. The first delta is relative to the profile startTime.
+             */
+            timeDeltas?: number[];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies a number of samples attributed to a certain source position.
+         */
+        interface PositionTickInfo {
+            /**
+             * Source line number (1-based).
+             */
+            line: number;
+            /**
+             * Number of samples attributed to the source line.
+             */
+            ticks: number;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Coverage data for a source range.
+         */
+        interface CoverageRange {
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script source offset for the range start.
+             */
+            startOffset: number;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script source offset for the range end.
+             */
+            endOffset: number;
+            /**
+             * Collected execution count of the source range.
+             */
+            count: number;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Coverage data for a JavaScript function.
+         */
+        interface FunctionCoverage {
+            /**
+             * JavaScript function name.
+             */
+            functionName: string;
+            /**
+             * Source ranges inside the function with coverage data.
+             */
+            ranges: CoverageRange[];
+            /**
+             * Whether coverage data for this function has block granularity.
+             */
+            isBlockCoverage: boolean;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Coverage data for a JavaScript script.
+         */
+        interface ScriptCoverage {
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script id.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script name or url.
+             */
+            url: string;
+            /**
+             * Functions contained in the script that has coverage data.
+             */
+            functions: FunctionCoverage[];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Describes a type collected during runtime.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface TypeObject {
+            /**
+             * Name of a type collected with type profiling.
+             */
+            name: string;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Source offset and types for a parameter or return value.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface TypeProfileEntry {
+            /**
+             * Source offset of the parameter or end of function for return values.
+             */
+            offset: number;
+            /**
+             * The types for this parameter or return value.
+             */
+            types: TypeObject[];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Type profile data collected during runtime for a JavaScript script.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        interface ScriptTypeProfile {
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script id.
+             */
+            scriptId: Runtime.ScriptId;
+            /**
+             * JavaScript script name or url.
+             */
+            url: string;
+            /**
+             * Type profile entries for parameters and return values of the functions in the script.
+             */
+            entries: TypeProfileEntry[];
+        }
+
+        interface SetSamplingIntervalParameterType {
+            /**
+             * New sampling interval in microseconds.
+             */
+            interval: number;
+        }
+
+        interface StartPreciseCoverageParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Collect accurate call counts beyond simple 'covered' or 'not covered'.
+             */
+            callCount?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * Collect block-based coverage.
+             */
+            detailed?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface StopReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Recorded profile.
+             */
+            profile: Profile;
+        }
+
+        interface TakePreciseCoverageReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Coverage data for the current isolate.
+             */
+            result: ScriptCoverage[];
+        }
+
+        interface GetBestEffortCoverageReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Coverage data for the current isolate.
+             */
+            result: ScriptCoverage[];
+        }
+
+        interface TakeTypeProfileReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Type profile for all scripts since startTypeProfile() was turned on.
+             */
+            result: ScriptTypeProfile[];
+        }
+
+        interface ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType {
+            id: string;
+            /**
+             * Location of console.profile().
+             */
+            location: Debugger.Location;
+            /**
+             * Profile title passed as an argument to console.profile().
+             */
+            title?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType {
+            id: string;
+            /**
+             * Location of console.profileEnd().
+             */
+            location: Debugger.Location;
+            profile: Profile;
+            /**
+             * Profile title passed as an argument to console.profile().
+             */
+            title?: string;
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace HeapProfiler {
+        /**
+         * Heap snapshot object id.
+         */
+        type HeapSnapshotObjectId = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Sampling Heap Profile node. Holds callsite information, allocation statistics and child nodes.
+         */
+        interface SamplingHeapProfileNode {
+            /**
+             * Function location.
+             */
+            callFrame: Runtime.CallFrame;
+            /**
+             * Allocations size in bytes for the node excluding children.
+             */
+            selfSize: number;
+            /**
+             * Child nodes.
+             */
+            children: SamplingHeapProfileNode[];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Profile.
+         */
+        interface SamplingHeapProfile {
+            head: SamplingHeapProfileNode;
+        }
+
+        interface StartTrackingHeapObjectsParameterType {
+            trackAllocations?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface StopTrackingHeapObjectsParameterType {
+            /**
+             * If true 'reportHeapSnapshotProgress' events will be generated while snapshot is being taken when the tracking is stopped.
+             */
+            reportProgress?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface TakeHeapSnapshotParameterType {
+            /**
+             * If true 'reportHeapSnapshotProgress' events will be generated while snapshot is being taken.
+             */
+            reportProgress?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface GetObjectByHeapObjectIdParameterType {
+            objectId: HeapSnapshotObjectId;
+            /**
+             * Symbolic group name that can be used to release multiple objects.
+             */
+            objectGroup?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface AddInspectedHeapObjectParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Heap snapshot object id to be accessible by means of $x command line API.
+             */
+            heapObjectId: HeapSnapshotObjectId;
+        }
+
+        interface GetHeapObjectIdParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the object to get heap object id for.
+             */
+            objectId: Runtime.RemoteObjectId;
+        }
+
+        interface StartSamplingParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Average sample interval in bytes. Poisson distribution is used for the intervals. The default value is 32768 bytes.
+             */
+            samplingInterval?: number;
+        }
+
+        interface GetObjectByHeapObjectIdReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Evaluation result.
+             */
+            result: Runtime.RemoteObject;
+        }
+
+        interface GetHeapObjectIdReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Id of the heap snapshot object corresponding to the passed remote object id.
+             */
+            heapSnapshotObjectId: HeapSnapshotObjectId;
+        }
+
+        interface StopSamplingReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Recorded sampling heap profile.
+             */
+            profile: SamplingHeapProfile;
+        }
+
+        interface GetSamplingProfileReturnType {
+            /**
+             * Return the sampling profile being collected.
+             */
+            profile: SamplingHeapProfile;
+        }
+
+        interface AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType {
+            chunk: string;
+        }
+
+        interface ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType {
+            done: number;
+            total: number;
+            finished?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType {
+            lastSeenObjectId: number;
+            timestamp: number;
+        }
+
+        interface HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * An array of triplets. Each triplet describes a fragment. The first integer is the fragment index, the second integer is a total count of objects for the fragment, the third integer is a total size of the objects for the fragment.
+             */
+            statsUpdate: number[];
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace NodeTracing {
+        interface TraceConfig {
+            /**
+             * Controls how the trace buffer stores data.
+             */
+            recordMode?: string;
+            /**
+             * Included category filters.
+             */
+            includedCategories: string[];
+        }
+
+        interface StartParameterType {
+            traceConfig: TraceConfig;
+        }
+
+        interface GetCategoriesReturnType {
+            /**
+             * A list of supported tracing categories.
+             */
+            categories: string[];
+        }
+
+        interface DataCollectedEventDataType {
+            value: Array<{}>;
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace NodeWorker {
+        type WorkerID = string;
+
+        /**
+         * Unique identifier of attached debugging session.
+         */
+        type SessionID = string;
+
+        interface WorkerInfo {
+            workerId: WorkerID;
+            type: string;
+            title: string;
+            url: string;
+        }
+
+        interface SendMessageToWorkerParameterType {
+            message: string;
+            /**
+             * Identifier of the session.
+             */
+            sessionId: SessionID;
+        }
+
+        interface EnableParameterType {
+            /**
+             * Whether to new workers should be paused until the frontend sends `Runtime.runIfWaitingForDebugger`
+             * message to run them.
+             */
+            waitForDebuggerOnStart: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface DetachParameterType {
+            sessionId: SessionID;
+        }
+
+        interface AttachedToWorkerEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier assigned to the session used to send/receive messages.
+             */
+            sessionId: SessionID;
+            workerInfo: WorkerInfo;
+            waitingForDebugger: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Detached session identifier.
+             */
+            sessionId: SessionID;
+        }
+
+        interface ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType {
+            /**
+             * Identifier of a session which sends a message.
+             */
+            sessionId: SessionID;
+            message: string;
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace NodeRuntime {
+        interface NotifyWhenWaitingForDisconnectParameterType {
+            enabled: boolean;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The inspector.Session is used for dispatching messages to the V8 inspector back-end and receiving message responses and notifications.
+     */
+    class Session extends EventEmitter {
+        /**
+         * Create a new instance of the inspector.Session class.
+         * The inspector session needs to be connected through session.connect() before the messages can be dispatched to the inspector backend.
+         */
+        constructor();
+
+        /**
+         * Connects a session to the inspector back-end.
+         * An exception will be thrown if there is already a connected session established either
+         * through the API or by a front-end connected to the Inspector WebSocket port.
+         */
+        connect(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Immediately close the session. All pending message callbacks will be called with an error.
+         * session.connect() will need to be called to be able to send messages again.
+         * Reconnected session will lose all inspector state, such as enabled agents or configured breakpoints.
+         */
+        disconnect(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Posts a message to the inspector back-end. callback will be notified when a response is received.
+         * callback is a function that accepts two optional arguments - error and message-specific result.
+         */
+        post(method: string, params?: {}, callback?: (err: Error | null, params?: {}) => void): void;
+        post(method: string, callback?: (err: Error | null, params?: {}) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns supported domains.
+         */
+        post(method: "Schema.getDomains", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Schema.GetDomainsReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Evaluates expression on global object.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.evaluate", params?: Runtime.EvaluateParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.EvaluateReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.evaluate", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.EvaluateReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Add handler to promise with given promise object id.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.awaitPromise", params?: Runtime.AwaitPromiseParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.AwaitPromiseReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.awaitPromise", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.AwaitPromiseReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Calls function with given declaration on the given object. Object group of the result is inherited from the target object.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.callFunctionOn", params?: Runtime.CallFunctionOnParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.CallFunctionOnReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.callFunctionOn", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.CallFunctionOnReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns properties of a given object. Object group of the result is inherited from the target object.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.getProperties", params?: Runtime.GetPropertiesParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.GetPropertiesReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.getProperties", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.GetPropertiesReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Releases remote object with given id.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.releaseObject", params?: Runtime.ReleaseObjectParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.releaseObject", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Releases all remote objects that belong to a given group.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.releaseObjectGroup", params?: Runtime.ReleaseObjectGroupParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.releaseObjectGroup", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Tells inspected instance to run if it was waiting for debugger to attach.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.runIfWaitingForDebugger", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enables reporting of execution contexts creation by means of <code>executionContextCreated</code> event. When the reporting gets enabled the event will be sent immediately for each existing execution context.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.enable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Disables reporting of execution contexts creation.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.disable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Discards collected exceptions and console API calls.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.discardConsoleEntries", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.setCustomObjectFormatterEnabled", params?: Runtime.SetCustomObjectFormatterEnabledParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.setCustomObjectFormatterEnabled", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Compiles expression.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.compileScript", params?: Runtime.CompileScriptParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.CompileScriptReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.compileScript", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.CompileScriptReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Runs script with given id in a given context.
+         */
+        post(method: "Runtime.runScript", params?: Runtime.RunScriptParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.RunScriptReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.runScript", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.RunScriptReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "Runtime.queryObjects", params?: Runtime.QueryObjectsParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.QueryObjectsReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.queryObjects", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.QueryObjectsReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns all let, const and class variables from global scope.
+         */
+        post(
+            method: "Runtime.globalLexicalScopeNames",
+            params?: Runtime.GlobalLexicalScopeNamesParameterType,
+            callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.GlobalLexicalScopeNamesReturnType) => void
+        ): void;
+        post(method: "Runtime.globalLexicalScopeNames", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Runtime.GlobalLexicalScopeNamesReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enables debugger for the given page. Clients should not assume that the debugging has been enabled until the result for this command is received.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.enable", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.EnableReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Disables debugger for given page.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.disable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Activates / deactivates all breakpoints on the page.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBreakpointsActive", params?: Debugger.SetBreakpointsActiveParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBreakpointsActive", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Makes page not interrupt on any pauses (breakpoint, exception, dom exception etc).
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setSkipAllPauses", params?: Debugger.SetSkipAllPausesParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setSkipAllPauses", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Sets JavaScript breakpoint at given location specified either by URL or URL regex. Once this command is issued, all existing parsed scripts will have breakpoints resolved and returned in <code>locations</code> property. Further matching script parsing will result in subsequent <code>breakpointResolved</code> events issued. This logical breakpoint will survive page reloads.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBreakpointByUrl", params?: Debugger.SetBreakpointByUrlParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SetBreakpointByUrlReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBreakpointByUrl", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SetBreakpointByUrlReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Sets JavaScript breakpoint at a given location.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBreakpoint", params?: Debugger.SetBreakpointParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SetBreakpointReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBreakpoint", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SetBreakpointReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Removes JavaScript breakpoint.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.removeBreakpoint", params?: Debugger.RemoveBreakpointParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.removeBreakpoint", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns possible locations for breakpoint. scriptId in start and end range locations should be the same.
+         */
+        post(
+            method: "Debugger.getPossibleBreakpoints",
+            params?: Debugger.GetPossibleBreakpointsParameterType,
+            callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.GetPossibleBreakpointsReturnType) => void
+        ): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.getPossibleBreakpoints", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.GetPossibleBreakpointsReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Continues execution until specific location is reached.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.continueToLocation", params?: Debugger.ContinueToLocationParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.continueToLocation", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.pauseOnAsyncCall", params?: Debugger.PauseOnAsyncCallParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.pauseOnAsyncCall", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Steps over the statement.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.stepOver", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Steps into the function call.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.stepInto", params?: Debugger.StepIntoParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.stepInto", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Steps out of the function call.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.stepOut", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Stops on the next JavaScript statement.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.pause", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * This method is deprecated - use Debugger.stepInto with breakOnAsyncCall and Debugger.pauseOnAsyncTask instead. Steps into next scheduled async task if any is scheduled before next pause. Returns success when async task is actually scheduled, returns error if no task were scheduled or another scheduleStepIntoAsync was called.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.scheduleStepIntoAsync", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Resumes JavaScript execution.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.resume", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns stack trace with given <code>stackTraceId</code>.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.getStackTrace", params?: Debugger.GetStackTraceParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.GetStackTraceReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.getStackTrace", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.GetStackTraceReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Searches for given string in script content.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.searchInContent", params?: Debugger.SearchInContentParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SearchInContentReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.searchInContent", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SearchInContentReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Edits JavaScript source live.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setScriptSource", params?: Debugger.SetScriptSourceParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SetScriptSourceReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setScriptSource", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.SetScriptSourceReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Restarts particular call frame from the beginning.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.restartFrame", params?: Debugger.RestartFrameParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.RestartFrameReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.restartFrame", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.RestartFrameReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns source for the script with given id.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.getScriptSource", params?: Debugger.GetScriptSourceParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.GetScriptSourceReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.getScriptSource", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.GetScriptSourceReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Defines pause on exceptions state. Can be set to stop on all exceptions, uncaught exceptions or no exceptions. Initial pause on exceptions state is <code>none</code>.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions", params?: Debugger.SetPauseOnExceptionsParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Evaluates expression on a given call frame.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.evaluateOnCallFrame", params?: Debugger.EvaluateOnCallFrameParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.EvaluateOnCallFrameReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.evaluateOnCallFrame", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Debugger.EvaluateOnCallFrameReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Changes value of variable in a callframe. Object-based scopes are not supported and must be mutated manually.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setVariableValue", params?: Debugger.SetVariableValueParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setVariableValue", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Changes return value in top frame. Available only at return break position.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setReturnValue", params?: Debugger.SetReturnValueParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setReturnValue", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables async call stacks tracking.
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setAsyncCallStackDepth", params?: Debugger.SetAsyncCallStackDepthParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setAsyncCallStackDepth", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Replace previous blackbox patterns with passed ones. Forces backend to skip stepping/pausing in scripts with url matching one of the patterns. VM will try to leave blackboxed script by performing 'step in' several times, finally resorting to 'step out' if unsuccessful.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBlackboxPatterns", params?: Debugger.SetBlackboxPatternsParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBlackboxPatterns", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Makes backend skip steps in the script in blackboxed ranges. VM will try leave blacklisted scripts by performing 'step in' several times, finally resorting to 'step out' if unsuccessful. Positions array contains positions where blackbox state is changed. First interval isn't blackboxed. Array should be sorted.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBlackboxedRanges", params?: Debugger.SetBlackboxedRangesParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Debugger.setBlackboxedRanges", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enables console domain, sends the messages collected so far to the client by means of the <code>messageAdded</code> notification.
+         */
+        post(method: "Console.enable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Disables console domain, prevents further console messages from being reported to the client.
+         */
+        post(method: "Console.disable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Does nothing.
+         */
+        post(method: "Console.clearMessages", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "Profiler.enable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "Profiler.disable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Changes CPU profiler sampling interval. Must be called before CPU profiles recording started.
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.setSamplingInterval", params?: Profiler.SetSamplingIntervalParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Profiler.setSamplingInterval", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "Profiler.start", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "Profiler.stop", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Profiler.StopReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enable precise code coverage. Coverage data for JavaScript executed before enabling precise code coverage may be incomplete. Enabling prevents running optimized code and resets execution counters.
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.startPreciseCoverage", params?: Profiler.StartPreciseCoverageParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "Profiler.startPreciseCoverage", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Disable precise code coverage. Disabling releases unnecessary execution count records and allows executing optimized code.
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.stopPreciseCoverage", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Collect coverage data for the current isolate, and resets execution counters. Precise code coverage needs to have started.
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.takePreciseCoverage", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Profiler.TakePreciseCoverageReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Collect coverage data for the current isolate. The coverage data may be incomplete due to garbage collection.
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.getBestEffortCoverage", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Profiler.GetBestEffortCoverageReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enable type profile.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.startTypeProfile", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Disable type profile. Disabling releases type profile data collected so far.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.stopTypeProfile", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Collect type profile.
+         * @experimental
+         */
+        post(method: "Profiler.takeTypeProfile", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: Profiler.TakeTypeProfileReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.enable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.disable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.startTrackingHeapObjects", params?: HeapProfiler.StartTrackingHeapObjectsParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.startTrackingHeapObjects", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.stopTrackingHeapObjects", params?: HeapProfiler.StopTrackingHeapObjectsParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.stopTrackingHeapObjects", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.takeHeapSnapshot", params?: HeapProfiler.TakeHeapSnapshotParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.takeHeapSnapshot", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.collectGarbage", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(
+            method: "HeapProfiler.getObjectByHeapObjectId",
+            params?: HeapProfiler.GetObjectByHeapObjectIdParameterType,
+            callback?: (err: Error | null, params: HeapProfiler.GetObjectByHeapObjectIdReturnType) => void
+        ): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.getObjectByHeapObjectId", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: HeapProfiler.GetObjectByHeapObjectIdReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enables console to refer to the node with given id via $x (see Command Line API for more details $x functions).
+         */
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.addInspectedHeapObject", params?: HeapProfiler.AddInspectedHeapObjectParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.addInspectedHeapObject", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.getHeapObjectId", params?: HeapProfiler.GetHeapObjectIdParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null, params: HeapProfiler.GetHeapObjectIdReturnType) => void): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.getHeapObjectId", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: HeapProfiler.GetHeapObjectIdReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.startSampling", params?: HeapProfiler.StartSamplingParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.startSampling", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.stopSampling", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: HeapProfiler.StopSamplingReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        post(method: "HeapProfiler.getSamplingProfile", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: HeapProfiler.GetSamplingProfileReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Gets supported tracing categories.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeTracing.getCategories", callback?: (err: Error | null, params: NodeTracing.GetCategoriesReturnType) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Start trace events collection.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeTracing.start", params?: NodeTracing.StartParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "NodeTracing.start", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Stop trace events collection. Remaining collected events will be sent as a sequence of
+         * dataCollected events followed by tracingComplete event.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeTracing.stop", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Sends protocol message over session with given id.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.sendMessageToWorker", params?: NodeWorker.SendMessageToWorkerParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.sendMessageToWorker", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Instructs the inspector to attach to running workers. Will also attach to new workers
+         * as they start
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.enable", params?: NodeWorker.EnableParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.enable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Detaches from all running workers and disables attaching to new workers as they are started.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.disable", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Detached from the worker with given sessionId.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.detach", params?: NodeWorker.DetachParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "NodeWorker.detach", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enable the `NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect`.
+         */
+        post(method: "NodeRuntime.notifyWhenWaitingForDisconnect", params?: NodeRuntime.NotifyWhenWaitingForDisconnectParameterType, callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+        post(method: "NodeRuntime.notifyWhenWaitingForDisconnect", callback?: (err: Error | null) => void): void;
+
+        // Events
+
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Emitted when any notification from the V8 Inspector is received.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "inspectorNotification", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<{}>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new execution context is created.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextCreated", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when execution context is destroyed.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when all executionContexts were cleared in browser
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextsCleared", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when exception was thrown and unhandled.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.exceptionThrown", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionThrownEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when unhandled exception was revoked.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.exceptionRevoked", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionRevokedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when console API was called.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.consoleAPICalled", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when object should be inspected (for example, as a result of inspect() command line API call).
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Runtime.inspectRequested", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.InspectRequestedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine parses script. This event is also fired for all known and uncollected scripts upon enabling debugger.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Debugger.scriptParsed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptParsedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine fails to parse the script.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Debugger.scriptFailedToParse", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when breakpoint is resolved to an actual script and location.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Debugger.breakpointResolved", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.BreakpointResolvedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine stopped on breakpoint or exception or any other stop criteria.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Debugger.paused", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.PausedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine resumed execution.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Debugger.resumed", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new console message is added.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Console.messageAdded", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Console.MessageAddedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Sent when new profile recording is started using console.profile() call.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileStarted", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        addListener(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileFinished", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "HeapProfiler.addHeapSnapshotChunk", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "HeapProfiler.resetProfiles", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "HeapProfiler.reportHeapSnapshotProgress", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend regularly sends a current value for last seen object id and corresponding timestamp. If the were changes in the heap since last event then one or more heapStatsUpdate events will be sent before a new lastSeenObjectId event.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "HeapProfiler.lastSeenObjectId", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend may send update for one or more fragments
+         */
+        addListener(event: "HeapProfiler.heapStatsUpdate", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Contains an bucket of collected trace events.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "NodeTracing.dataCollected", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeTracing.DataCollectedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Signals that tracing is stopped and there is no trace buffers pending flush, all data were
+         * delivered via dataCollected events.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "NodeTracing.tracingComplete", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when attached to a worker.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "NodeWorker.attachedToWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.AttachedToWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when detached from the worker.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "NodeWorker.detachedFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Notifies about a new protocol message received from the session
+         * (session ID is provided in attachedToWorker notification).
+         */
+        addListener(event: "NodeWorker.receivedMessageFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * This event is fired instead of `Runtime.executionContextDestroyed` when
+         * enabled.
+         * It is fired when the Node process finished all code execution and is
+         * waiting for all frontends to disconnect.
+         */
+        addListener(event: "NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "inspectorNotification", message: InspectorNotification<{}>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.executionContextCreated", message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed", message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.executionContextsCleared"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.exceptionThrown", message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionThrownEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.exceptionRevoked", message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionRevokedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.consoleAPICalled", message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Runtime.inspectRequested", message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.InspectRequestedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Debugger.scriptParsed", message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptParsedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Debugger.scriptFailedToParse", message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Debugger.breakpointResolved", message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.BreakpointResolvedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Debugger.paused", message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.PausedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Debugger.resumed"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Console.messageAdded", message: InspectorNotification<Console.MessageAddedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileStarted", message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileFinished", message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "HeapProfiler.addHeapSnapshotChunk", message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "HeapProfiler.resetProfiles"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "HeapProfiler.reportHeapSnapshotProgress", message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "HeapProfiler.lastSeenObjectId", message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "HeapProfiler.heapStatsUpdate", message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "NodeTracing.dataCollected", message: InspectorNotification<NodeTracing.DataCollectedEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "NodeTracing.tracingComplete"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "NodeWorker.attachedToWorker", message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.AttachedToWorkerEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "NodeWorker.detachedFromWorker", message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "NodeWorker.receivedMessageFromWorker", message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType>): boolean;
+        emit(event: "NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect"): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Emitted when any notification from the V8 Inspector is received.
+         */
+        on(event: "inspectorNotification", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<{}>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new execution context is created.
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.executionContextCreated", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when execution context is destroyed.
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when all executionContexts were cleared in browser
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.executionContextsCleared", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when exception was thrown and unhandled.
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.exceptionThrown", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionThrownEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when unhandled exception was revoked.
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.exceptionRevoked", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionRevokedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when console API was called.
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.consoleAPICalled", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when object should be inspected (for example, as a result of inspect() command line API call).
+         */
+        on(event: "Runtime.inspectRequested", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.InspectRequestedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine parses script. This event is also fired for all known and uncollected scripts upon enabling debugger.
+         */
+        on(event: "Debugger.scriptParsed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptParsedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine fails to parse the script.
+         */
+        on(event: "Debugger.scriptFailedToParse", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when breakpoint is resolved to an actual script and location.
+         */
+        on(event: "Debugger.breakpointResolved", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.BreakpointResolvedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine stopped on breakpoint or exception or any other stop criteria.
+         */
+        on(event: "Debugger.paused", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.PausedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine resumed execution.
+         */
+        on(event: "Debugger.resumed", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new console message is added.
+         */
+        on(event: "Console.messageAdded", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Console.MessageAddedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Sent when new profile recording is started using console.profile() call.
+         */
+        on(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileStarted", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        on(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileFinished", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        on(event: "HeapProfiler.addHeapSnapshotChunk", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        on(event: "HeapProfiler.resetProfiles", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "HeapProfiler.reportHeapSnapshotProgress", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend regularly sends a current value for last seen object id and corresponding timestamp. If the were changes in the heap since last event then one or more heapStatsUpdate events will be sent before a new lastSeenObjectId event.
+         */
+        on(event: "HeapProfiler.lastSeenObjectId", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend may send update for one or more fragments
+         */
+        on(event: "HeapProfiler.heapStatsUpdate", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Contains an bucket of collected trace events.
+         */
+        on(event: "NodeTracing.dataCollected", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeTracing.DataCollectedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Signals that tracing is stopped and there is no trace buffers pending flush, all data were
+         * delivered via dataCollected events.
+         */
+        on(event: "NodeTracing.tracingComplete", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when attached to a worker.
+         */
+        on(event: "NodeWorker.attachedToWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.AttachedToWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when detached from the worker.
+         */
+        on(event: "NodeWorker.detachedFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Notifies about a new protocol message received from the session
+         * (session ID is provided in attachedToWorker notification).
+         */
+        on(event: "NodeWorker.receivedMessageFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * This event is fired instead of `Runtime.executionContextDestroyed` when
+         * enabled.
+         * It is fired when the Node process finished all code execution and is
+         * waiting for all frontends to disconnect.
+         */
+        on(event: "NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Emitted when any notification from the V8 Inspector is received.
+         */
+        once(event: "inspectorNotification", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<{}>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new execution context is created.
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.executionContextCreated", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when execution context is destroyed.
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when all executionContexts were cleared in browser
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.executionContextsCleared", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when exception was thrown and unhandled.
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.exceptionThrown", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionThrownEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when unhandled exception was revoked.
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.exceptionRevoked", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionRevokedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when console API was called.
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.consoleAPICalled", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when object should be inspected (for example, as a result of inspect() command line API call).
+         */
+        once(event: "Runtime.inspectRequested", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.InspectRequestedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine parses script. This event is also fired for all known and uncollected scripts upon enabling debugger.
+         */
+        once(event: "Debugger.scriptParsed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptParsedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine fails to parse the script.
+         */
+        once(event: "Debugger.scriptFailedToParse", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when breakpoint is resolved to an actual script and location.
+         */
+        once(event: "Debugger.breakpointResolved", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.BreakpointResolvedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine stopped on breakpoint or exception or any other stop criteria.
+         */
+        once(event: "Debugger.paused", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.PausedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine resumed execution.
+         */
+        once(event: "Debugger.resumed", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new console message is added.
+         */
+        once(event: "Console.messageAdded", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Console.MessageAddedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Sent when new profile recording is started using console.profile() call.
+         */
+        once(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileStarted", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileFinished", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        once(event: "HeapProfiler.addHeapSnapshotChunk", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        once(event: "HeapProfiler.resetProfiles", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "HeapProfiler.reportHeapSnapshotProgress", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend regularly sends a current value for last seen object id and corresponding timestamp. If the were changes in the heap since last event then one or more heapStatsUpdate events will be sent before a new lastSeenObjectId event.
+         */
+        once(event: "HeapProfiler.lastSeenObjectId", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend may send update for one or more fragments
+         */
+        once(event: "HeapProfiler.heapStatsUpdate", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Contains an bucket of collected trace events.
+         */
+        once(event: "NodeTracing.dataCollected", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeTracing.DataCollectedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Signals that tracing is stopped and there is no trace buffers pending flush, all data were
+         * delivered via dataCollected events.
+         */
+        once(event: "NodeTracing.tracingComplete", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when attached to a worker.
+         */
+        once(event: "NodeWorker.attachedToWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.AttachedToWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when detached from the worker.
+         */
+        once(event: "NodeWorker.detachedFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Notifies about a new protocol message received from the session
+         * (session ID is provided in attachedToWorker notification).
+         */
+        once(event: "NodeWorker.receivedMessageFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * This event is fired instead of `Runtime.executionContextDestroyed` when
+         * enabled.
+         * It is fired when the Node process finished all code execution and is
+         * waiting for all frontends to disconnect.
+         */
+        once(event: "NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Emitted when any notification from the V8 Inspector is received.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "inspectorNotification", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<{}>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new execution context is created.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextCreated", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when execution context is destroyed.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when all executionContexts were cleared in browser
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextsCleared", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when exception was thrown and unhandled.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.exceptionThrown", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionThrownEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when unhandled exception was revoked.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.exceptionRevoked", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionRevokedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when console API was called.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.consoleAPICalled", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when object should be inspected (for example, as a result of inspect() command line API call).
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Runtime.inspectRequested", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.InspectRequestedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine parses script. This event is also fired for all known and uncollected scripts upon enabling debugger.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Debugger.scriptParsed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptParsedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine fails to parse the script.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Debugger.scriptFailedToParse", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when breakpoint is resolved to an actual script and location.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Debugger.breakpointResolved", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.BreakpointResolvedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine stopped on breakpoint or exception or any other stop criteria.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Debugger.paused", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.PausedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine resumed execution.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Debugger.resumed", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new console message is added.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Console.messageAdded", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Console.MessageAddedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Sent when new profile recording is started using console.profile() call.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileStarted", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileFinished", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "HeapProfiler.addHeapSnapshotChunk", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "HeapProfiler.resetProfiles", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "HeapProfiler.reportHeapSnapshotProgress", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend regularly sends a current value for last seen object id and corresponding timestamp. If the were changes in the heap since last event then one or more heapStatsUpdate events will be sent before a new lastSeenObjectId event.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "HeapProfiler.lastSeenObjectId", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend may send update for one or more fragments
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "HeapProfiler.heapStatsUpdate", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Contains an bucket of collected trace events.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "NodeTracing.dataCollected", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeTracing.DataCollectedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Signals that tracing is stopped and there is no trace buffers pending flush, all data were
+         * delivered via dataCollected events.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "NodeTracing.tracingComplete", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when attached to a worker.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "NodeWorker.attachedToWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.AttachedToWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when detached from the worker.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "NodeWorker.detachedFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Notifies about a new protocol message received from the session
+         * (session ID is provided in attachedToWorker notification).
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "NodeWorker.receivedMessageFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * This event is fired instead of `Runtime.executionContextDestroyed` when
+         * enabled.
+         * It is fired when the Node process finished all code execution and is
+         * waiting for all frontends to disconnect.
+         */
+        prependListener(event: "NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Emitted when any notification from the V8 Inspector is received.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "inspectorNotification", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<{}>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new execution context is created.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextCreated", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextCreatedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when execution context is destroyed.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExecutionContextDestroyedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when all executionContexts were cleared in browser
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.executionContextsCleared", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when exception was thrown and unhandled.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.exceptionThrown", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionThrownEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when unhandled exception was revoked.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.exceptionRevoked", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ExceptionRevokedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when console API was called.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.consoleAPICalled", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.ConsoleAPICalledEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when object should be inspected (for example, as a result of inspect() command line API call).
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Runtime.inspectRequested", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Runtime.InspectRequestedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine parses script. This event is also fired for all known and uncollected scripts upon enabling debugger.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Debugger.scriptParsed", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptParsedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when virtual machine fails to parse the script.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Debugger.scriptFailedToParse", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.ScriptFailedToParseEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when breakpoint is resolved to an actual script and location.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Debugger.breakpointResolved", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.BreakpointResolvedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine stopped on breakpoint or exception or any other stop criteria.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Debugger.paused", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Debugger.PausedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Fired when the virtual machine resumed execution.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Debugger.resumed", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when new console message is added.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Console.messageAdded", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Console.MessageAddedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Sent when new profile recording is started using console.profile() call.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileStarted", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileStartedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "Profiler.consoleProfileFinished", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<Profiler.ConsoleProfileFinishedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "HeapProfiler.addHeapSnapshotChunk", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.AddHeapSnapshotChunkEventDataType>) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "HeapProfiler.resetProfiles", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "HeapProfiler.reportHeapSnapshotProgress", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.ReportHeapSnapshotProgressEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend regularly sends a current value for last seen object id and corresponding timestamp. If the were changes in the heap since last event then one or more heapStatsUpdate events will be sent before a new lastSeenObjectId event.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "HeapProfiler.lastSeenObjectId", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.LastSeenObjectIdEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * If heap objects tracking has been started then backend may send update for one or more fragments
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "HeapProfiler.heapStatsUpdate", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<HeapProfiler.HeapStatsUpdateEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Contains an bucket of collected trace events.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "NodeTracing.dataCollected", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeTracing.DataCollectedEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Signals that tracing is stopped and there is no trace buffers pending flush, all data were
+         * delivered via dataCollected events.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "NodeTracing.tracingComplete", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when attached to a worker.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "NodeWorker.attachedToWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.AttachedToWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Issued when detached from the worker.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "NodeWorker.detachedFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.DetachedFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Notifies about a new protocol message received from the session
+         * (session ID is provided in attachedToWorker notification).
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "NodeWorker.receivedMessageFromWorker", listener: (message: InspectorNotification<NodeWorker.ReceivedMessageFromWorkerEventDataType>) => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * This event is fired instead of `Runtime.executionContextDestroyed` when
+         * enabled.
+         * It is fired when the Node process finished all code execution and is
+         * waiting for all frontends to disconnect.
+         */
+        prependOnceListener(event: "NodeRuntime.waitingForDisconnect", listener: () => void): this;
+    }
+
+    // Top Level API
+
+    /**
+     * Activate inspector on host and port. Equivalent to node --inspect=[[host:]port], but can be done programatically after node has started.
+     * If wait is true, will block until a client has connected to the inspect port and flow control has been passed to the debugger client.
+     * @param port Port to listen on for inspector connections. Optional, defaults to what was specified on the CLI.
+     * @param host Host to listen on for inspector connections. Optional, defaults to what was specified on the CLI.
+     * @param wait Block until a client has connected. Optional, defaults to false.
+     */
+    function open(port?: number, host?: string, wait?: boolean): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Deactivate the inspector. Blocks until there are no active connections.
+     */
+    function close(): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Return the URL of the active inspector, or `undefined` if there is none.
+     */
+    function url(): string | undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * Blocks until a client (existing or connected later) has sent
+     * `Runtime.runIfWaitingForDebugger` command.
+     * An exception will be thrown if there is no active inspector.
+     */
+    function waitForDebugger(): void;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/module.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/module.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..787955a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/module.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+declare module 'module' {
+    import { URL } from 'url';
+    namespace Module {
+        /**
+         * Updates all the live bindings for builtin ES Modules to match the properties of the CommonJS exports.
+         * It does not add or remove exported names from the ES Modules.
+         */
+        function syncBuiltinESMExports(): void;
+
+        function findSourceMap(path: string, error?: Error): SourceMap;
+        interface SourceMapPayload {
+            file: string;
+            version: number;
+            sources: string[];
+            sourcesContent: string[];
+            names: string[];
+            mappings: string;
+            sourceRoot: string;
+        }
+
+        interface SourceMapping {
+            generatedLine: number;
+            generatedColumn: number;
+            originalSource: string;
+            originalLine: number;
+            originalColumn: number;
+        }
+
+        class SourceMap {
+            readonly payload: SourceMapPayload;
+            constructor(payload: SourceMapPayload);
+            findEntry(line: number, column: number): SourceMapping;
+        }
+    }
+    interface Module extends NodeModule {}
+    class Module {
+        static runMain(): void;
+        static wrap(code: string): string;
+
+        /**
+         * @deprecated Deprecated since: v12.2.0. Please use createRequire() instead.
+         */
+        static createRequireFromPath(path: string): NodeRequire;
+        static createRequire(path: string | URL): NodeRequire;
+        static builtinModules: string[];
+
+        static Module: typeof Module;
+
+        constructor(id: string, parent?: Module);
+    }
+    export = Module;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/net.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/net.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81be6bada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/net.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+declare module 'net' {
+    import * as stream from 'stream';
+    import { Abortable, EventEmitter } from 'events';
+    import * as dns from 'dns';
+
+    type LookupFunction = (
+        hostname: string,
+        options: dns.LookupOneOptions,
+        callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, address: string, family: number) => void,
+    ) => void;
+
+    interface AddressInfo {
+        address: string;
+        family: string;
+        port: number;
+    }
+
+    interface SocketConstructorOpts {
+        fd?: number;
+        allowHalfOpen?: boolean;
+        readable?: boolean;
+        writable?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface OnReadOpts {
+        buffer: Uint8Array | (() => Uint8Array);
+        /**
+         * This function is called for every chunk of incoming data.
+         * Two arguments are passed to it: the number of bytes written to buffer and a reference to buffer.
+         * Return false from this function to implicitly pause() the socket.
+         */
+        callback(bytesWritten: number, buf: Uint8Array): boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface ConnectOpts {
+        /**
+         * If specified, incoming data is stored in a single buffer and passed to the supplied callback when data arrives on the socket.
+         * Note: this will cause the streaming functionality to not provide any data, however events like 'error', 'end', and 'close' will
+         * still be emitted as normal and methods like pause() and resume() will also behave as expected.
+         */
+        onread?: OnReadOpts;
+    }
+
+    interface TcpSocketConnectOpts extends ConnectOpts {
+        port: number;
+        host?: string;
+        localAddress?: string;
+        localPort?: number;
+        hints?: number;
+        family?: number;
+        lookup?: LookupFunction;
+    }
+
+    interface IpcSocketConnectOpts extends ConnectOpts {
+        path: string;
+    }
+
+    type SocketConnectOpts = TcpSocketConnectOpts | IpcSocketConnectOpts;
+
+    class Socket extends stream.Duplex {
+        constructor(options?: SocketConstructorOpts);
+
+        // Extended base methods
+        write(buffer: Uint8Array | string, cb?: (err?: Error) => void): boolean;
+        write(str: Uint8Array | string, encoding?: BufferEncoding, cb?: (err?: Error) => void): boolean;
+
+        connect(options: SocketConnectOpts, connectionListener?: () => void): this;
+        connect(port: number, host: string, connectionListener?: () => void): this;
+        connect(port: number, connectionListener?: () => void): this;
+        connect(path: string, connectionListener?: () => void): this;
+
+        setEncoding(encoding?: BufferEncoding): this;
+        pause(): this;
+        resume(): this;
+        setTimeout(timeout: number, callback?: () => void): this;
+        setNoDelay(noDelay?: boolean): this;
+        setKeepAlive(enable?: boolean, initialDelay?: number): this;
+        address(): AddressInfo | {};
+        unref(): this;
+        ref(): this;
+
+        /** @deprecated since v14.6.0 - Use `writableLength` instead. */
+        readonly bufferSize: number;
+        readonly bytesRead: number;
+        readonly bytesWritten: number;
+        readonly connecting: boolean;
+        readonly destroyed: boolean;
+        readonly localAddress: string;
+        readonly localPort: number;
+        readonly remoteAddress?: string;
+        readonly remoteFamily?: string;
+        readonly remotePort?: number;
+
+        // Extended base methods
+        end(cb?: () => void): void;
+        end(buffer: Uint8Array | string, cb?: () => void): void;
+        end(str: Uint8Array | string, encoding?: BufferEncoding, cb?: () => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. close
+         *   2. connect
+         *   3. data
+         *   4. drain
+         *   5. end
+         *   6. error
+         *   7. lookup
+         *   8. timeout
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: (had_error: boolean) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "data", listener: (data: Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "lookup", listener: (err: Error, address: string, family: string | number, host: string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close", had_error: boolean): boolean;
+        emit(event: "connect"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "data", data: Buffer): boolean;
+        emit(event: "drain"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "end"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "lookup", err: Error, address: string, family: string | number, host: string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "timeout"): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: (had_error: boolean) => void): this;
+        on(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "data", listener: (data: Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "lookup", listener: (err: Error, address: string, family: string | number, host: string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: (had_error: boolean) => void): this;
+        once(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "data", listener: (data: Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "lookup", listener: (err: Error, address: string, family: string | number, host: string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: (had_error: boolean) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "data", listener: (data: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "lookup", listener: (err: Error, address: string, family: string | number, host: string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: (had_error: boolean) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "connect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "data", listener: (data: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "lookup", listener: (err: Error, address: string, family: string | number, host: string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "timeout", listener: () => void): this;
+    }
+
+    interface ListenOptions extends Abortable {
+        port?: number;
+        host?: string;
+        backlog?: number;
+        path?: string;
+        exclusive?: boolean;
+        readableAll?: boolean;
+        writableAll?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * @default false
+         */
+        ipv6Only?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface ServerOpts {
+        /**
+         * Indicates whether half-opened TCP connections are allowed.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        allowHalfOpen?: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Indicates whether the socket should be paused on incoming connections.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        pauseOnConnect?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/net.js
+    class Server extends EventEmitter {
+        constructor(connectionListener?: (socket: Socket) => void);
+        constructor(options?: ServerOpts, connectionListener?: (socket: Socket) => void);
+
+        listen(port?: number, hostname?: string, backlog?: number, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(port?: number, hostname?: string, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(port?: number, backlog?: number, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(port?: number, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(path: string, backlog?: number, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(path: string, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(options: ListenOptions, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(handle: any, backlog?: number, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        listen(handle: any, listeningListener?: () => void): this;
+        close(callback?: (err?: Error) => void): this;
+        address(): AddressInfo | string | null;
+        getConnections(cb: (error: Error | null, count: number) => void): void;
+        ref(): this;
+        unref(): this;
+        maxConnections: number;
+        connections: number;
+        listening: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         *   1. close
+         *   2. connection
+         *   3. error
+         *   4. listening
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "connection", listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "connection", socket: Socket): boolean;
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "listening"): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "connection", listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "connection", listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "connection", listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "connection", listener: (socket: Socket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: () => void): this;
+    }
+
+    type IPVersion = 'ipv4' | 'ipv6';
+
+    class BlockList {
+        /**
+         * Adds a rule to block the given IP address.
+         *
+         * @param address An IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+         * @param type Either 'ipv4' or 'ipv6'. Default: 'ipv4'.
+         */
+        addAddress(address: string, type?: IPVersion): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a rule to block a range of IP addresses from start (inclusive) to end (inclusive).
+         *
+         * @param start The starting IPv4 or IPv6 address in the range.
+         * @param end The ending IPv4 or IPv6 address in the range.
+         * @param type Either 'ipv4' or 'ipv6'. Default: 'ipv4'.
+         */
+        addRange(start: string, end: string, type?: IPVersion): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a rule to block a range of IP addresses specified as a subnet mask.
+         *
+         * @param net The network IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+         * @param prefix The number of CIDR prefix bits.
+         * For IPv4, this must be a value between 0 and 32. For IPv6, this must be between 0 and 128.
+         * @param type Either 'ipv4' or 'ipv6'. Default: 'ipv4'.
+         */
+        addSubnet(net: string, prefix: number, type?: IPVersion): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns `true` if the given IP address matches any of the rules added to the `BlockList`.
+         *
+         * @param address The IP address to check
+         * @param type Either 'ipv4' or 'ipv6'. Default: 'ipv4'.
+         */
+        check(address: string, type?: IPVersion): boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface TcpNetConnectOpts extends TcpSocketConnectOpts, SocketConstructorOpts {
+        timeout?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface IpcNetConnectOpts extends IpcSocketConnectOpts, SocketConstructorOpts {
+        timeout?: number;
+    }
+
+    type NetConnectOpts = TcpNetConnectOpts | IpcNetConnectOpts;
+
+    function createServer(connectionListener?: (socket: Socket) => void): Server;
+    function createServer(options?: ServerOpts, connectionListener?: (socket: Socket) => void): Server;
+    function connect(options: NetConnectOpts, connectionListener?: () => void): Socket;
+    function connect(port: number, host?: string, connectionListener?: () => void): Socket;
+    function connect(path: string, connectionListener?: () => void): Socket;
+    function createConnection(options: NetConnectOpts, connectionListener?: () => void): Socket;
+    function createConnection(port: number, host?: string, connectionListener?: () => void): Socket;
+    function createConnection(path: string, connectionListener?: () => void): Socket;
+    function isIP(input: string): number;
+    function isIPv4(input: string): boolean;
+    function isIPv6(input: string): boolean;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/os.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/os.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b49949a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/os.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+declare module 'os' {
+    interface CpuInfo {
+        model: string;
+        speed: number;
+        times: {
+            user: number;
+            nice: number;
+            sys: number;
+            idle: number;
+            irq: number;
+        };
+    }
+
+    interface NetworkInterfaceBase {
+        address: string;
+        netmask: string;
+        mac: string;
+        internal: boolean;
+        cidr: string | null;
+    }
+
+    interface NetworkInterfaceInfoIPv4 extends NetworkInterfaceBase {
+        family: "IPv4";
+    }
+
+    interface NetworkInterfaceInfoIPv6 extends NetworkInterfaceBase {
+        family: "IPv6";
+        scopeid: number;
+    }
+
+    interface UserInfo<T> {
+        username: T;
+        uid: number;
+        gid: number;
+        shell: T;
+        homedir: T;
+    }
+
+    type NetworkInterfaceInfo = NetworkInterfaceInfoIPv4 | NetworkInterfaceInfoIPv6;
+
+    function hostname(): string;
+    function loadavg(): number[];
+    function uptime(): number;
+    function freemem(): number;
+    function totalmem(): number;
+    function cpus(): CpuInfo[];
+    function type(): string;
+    function release(): string;
+    function networkInterfaces(): NodeJS.Dict<NetworkInterfaceInfo[]>;
+    function homedir(): string;
+    function userInfo(options: { encoding: 'buffer' }): UserInfo<Buffer>;
+    function userInfo(options?: { encoding: BufferEncoding }): UserInfo<string>;
+
+    type SignalConstants = {
+        [key in NodeJS.Signals]: number;
+    };
+
+    namespace constants {
+        const UV_UDP_REUSEADDR: number;
+        namespace signals {}
+        const signals: SignalConstants;
+        namespace errno {
+            const E2BIG: number;
+            const EACCES: number;
+            const EADDRINUSE: number;
+            const EADDRNOTAVAIL: number;
+            const EAFNOSUPPORT: number;
+            const EAGAIN: number;
+            const EALREADY: number;
+            const EBADF: number;
+            const EBADMSG: number;
+            const EBUSY: number;
+            const ECANCELED: number;
+            const ECHILD: number;
+            const ECONNABORTED: number;
+            const ECONNREFUSED: number;
+            const ECONNRESET: number;
+            const EDEADLK: number;
+            const EDESTADDRREQ: number;
+            const EDOM: number;
+            const EDQUOT: number;
+            const EEXIST: number;
+            const EFAULT: number;
+            const EFBIG: number;
+            const EHOSTUNREACH: number;
+            const EIDRM: number;
+            const EILSEQ: number;
+            const EINPROGRESS: number;
+            const EINTR: number;
+            const EINVAL: number;
+            const EIO: number;
+            const EISCONN: number;
+            const EISDIR: number;
+            const ELOOP: number;
+            const EMFILE: number;
+            const EMLINK: number;
+            const EMSGSIZE: number;
+            const EMULTIHOP: number;
+            const ENAMETOOLONG: number;
+            const ENETDOWN: number;
+            const ENETRESET: number;
+            const ENETUNREACH: number;
+            const ENFILE: number;
+            const ENOBUFS: number;
+            const ENODATA: number;
+            const ENODEV: number;
+            const ENOENT: number;
+            const ENOEXEC: number;
+            const ENOLCK: number;
+            const ENOLINK: number;
+            const ENOMEM: number;
+            const ENOMSG: number;
+            const ENOPROTOOPT: number;
+            const ENOSPC: number;
+            const ENOSR: number;
+            const ENOSTR: number;
+            const ENOSYS: number;
+            const ENOTCONN: number;
+            const ENOTDIR: number;
+            const ENOTEMPTY: number;
+            const ENOTSOCK: number;
+            const ENOTSUP: number;
+            const ENOTTY: number;
+            const ENXIO: number;
+            const EOPNOTSUPP: number;
+            const EOVERFLOW: number;
+            const EPERM: number;
+            const EPIPE: number;
+            const EPROTO: number;
+            const EPROTONOSUPPORT: number;
+            const EPROTOTYPE: number;
+            const ERANGE: number;
+            const EROFS: number;
+            const ESPIPE: number;
+            const ESRCH: number;
+            const ESTALE: number;
+            const ETIME: number;
+            const ETIMEDOUT: number;
+            const ETXTBSY: number;
+            const EWOULDBLOCK: number;
+            const EXDEV: number;
+            const WSAEINTR: number;
+            const WSAEBADF: number;
+            const WSAEACCES: number;
+            const WSAEFAULT: number;
+            const WSAEINVAL: number;
+            const WSAEMFILE: number;
+            const WSAEWOULDBLOCK: number;
+            const WSAEINPROGRESS: number;
+            const WSAEALREADY: number;
+            const WSAENOTSOCK: number;
+            const WSAEDESTADDRREQ: number;
+            const WSAEMSGSIZE: number;
+            const WSAEPROTOTYPE: number;
+            const WSAENOPROTOOPT: number;
+            const WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT: number;
+            const WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT: number;
+            const WSAEOPNOTSUPP: number;
+            const WSAEPFNOSUPPORT: number;
+            const WSAEAFNOSUPPORT: number;
+            const WSAEADDRINUSE: number;
+            const WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL: number;
+            const WSAENETDOWN: number;
+            const WSAENETUNREACH: number;
+            const WSAENETRESET: number;
+            const WSAECONNABORTED: number;
+            const WSAECONNRESET: number;
+            const WSAENOBUFS: number;
+            const WSAEISCONN: number;
+            const WSAENOTCONN: number;
+            const WSAESHUTDOWN: number;
+            const WSAETOOMANYREFS: number;
+            const WSAETIMEDOUT: number;
+            const WSAECONNREFUSED: number;
+            const WSAELOOP: number;
+            const WSAENAMETOOLONG: number;
+            const WSAEHOSTDOWN: number;
+            const WSAEHOSTUNREACH: number;
+            const WSAENOTEMPTY: number;
+            const WSAEPROCLIM: number;
+            const WSAEUSERS: number;
+            const WSAEDQUOT: number;
+            const WSAESTALE: number;
+            const WSAEREMOTE: number;
+            const WSASYSNOTREADY: number;
+            const WSAVERNOTSUPPORTED: number;
+            const WSANOTINITIALISED: number;
+            const WSAEDISCON: number;
+            const WSAENOMORE: number;
+            const WSAECANCELLED: number;
+            const WSAEINVALIDPROCTABLE: number;
+            const WSAEINVALIDPROVIDER: number;
+            const WSAEPROVIDERFAILEDINIT: number;
+            const WSASYSCALLFAILURE: number;
+            const WSASERVICE_NOT_FOUND: number;
+            const WSATYPE_NOT_FOUND: number;
+            const WSA_E_NO_MORE: number;
+            const WSA_E_CANCELLED: number;
+            const WSAEREFUSED: number;
+        }
+        namespace priority {
+            const PRIORITY_LOW: number;
+            const PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL: number;
+            const PRIORITY_NORMAL: number;
+            const PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL: number;
+            const PRIORITY_HIGH: number;
+            const PRIORITY_HIGHEST: number;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function arch(): string;
+    /**
+     * Returns a string identifying the kernel version.
+     * On POSIX systems, the operating system release is determined by calling
+     * uname(3). On Windows, `pRtlGetVersion` is used, and if it is not available,
+     * `GetVersionExW()` will be used. See
+     * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for more information.
+     */
+    function version(): string;
+    function platform(): NodeJS.Platform;
+    function tmpdir(): string;
+    const EOL: string;
+    function endianness(): "BE" | "LE";
+    /**
+     * Gets the priority of a process.
+     * Defaults to current process.
+     */
+    function getPriority(pid?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * Sets the priority of the current process.
+     * @param priority Must be in range of -20 to 19
+     */
+    function setPriority(priority: number): void;
+    /**
+     * Sets the priority of the process specified process.
+     * @param priority Must be in range of -20 to 19
+     */
+    function setPriority(pid: number, priority: number): void;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/package.json b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12e62f78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+{
+  "_from": "@types/node@*",
+  "_id": "@types/node@15.12.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-zrNj1+yqYF4WskCMOHwN+w9iuD12+dGm0rQ35HLl9/Ouuq52cEtd0CH9qMgrdNmi5ejC1/V7vKEXYubB+65DkA==",
+  "_location": "/@types/node",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "@types/node@*",
+    "name": "@types/node",
+    "escapedName": "@types%2fnode",
+    "scope": "@types",
+    "rawSpec": "*",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "*"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@types/bson",
+    "/@types/mongodb"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-15.12.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e1cf817d70a1e118e81922c4ff6683ce9d422e26",
+  "_spec": "@types/node@*",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@types\\mongodb",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Microsoft TypeScript",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Microsoft"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "DefinitelyTyped",
+      "url": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alberto Schiabel",
+      "url": "https://github.com/jkomyno"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alvis HT Tang",
+      "url": "https://github.com/alvis"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Andrew Makarov",
+      "url": "https://github.com/r3nya"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Benjamin Toueg",
+      "url": "https://github.com/btoueg"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Chigozirim C.",
+      "url": "https://github.com/smac89"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "David Junger",
+      "url": "https://github.com/touffy"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Deividas Bakanas",
+      "url": "https://github.com/DeividasBakanas"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Eugene Y. Q. Shen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/eyqs"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hannes Magnusson",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Hannes-Magnusson-CK"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hoàng Văn Khải",
+      "url": "https://github.com/KSXGitHub"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Huw",
+      "url": "https://github.com/hoo29"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kelvin Jin",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kjin"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Klaus Meinhardt",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ajafff"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Lishude",
+      "url": "https://github.com/islishude"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mariusz Wiktorczyk",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mwiktorczyk"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mohsen Azimi",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mohsen1"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nicolas Even",
+      "url": "https://github.com/n-e"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nikita Galkin",
+      "url": "https://github.com/galkin"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Parambir Singh",
+      "url": "https://github.com/parambirs"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Sebastian Silbermann",
+      "url": "https://github.com/eps1lon"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Simon Schick",
+      "url": "https://github.com/SimonSchick"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Thomas den Hollander",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ThomasdenH"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Wilco Bakker",
+      "url": "https://github.com/WilcoBakker"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "wwwy3y3",
+      "url": "https://github.com/wwwy3y3"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Samuel Ainsworth",
+      "url": "https://github.com/samuela"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kyle Uehlein",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kuehlein"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Thanik Bhongbhibhat",
+      "url": "https://github.com/bhongy"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Marcin Kopacz",
+      "url": "https://github.com/chyzwar"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Trivikram Kamat",
+      "url": "https://github.com/trivikr"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Minh Son Nguyen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/nguymin4"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Junxiao Shi",
+      "url": "https://github.com/yoursunny"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ilia Baryshnikov",
+      "url": "https://github.com/qwelias"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ExE Boss",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ExE-Boss"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Surasak Chaisurin",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Ryan-Willpower"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Piotr Błażejewicz",
+      "url": "https://github.com/peterblazejewicz"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Anna Henningsen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/addaleax"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jason Kwok",
+      "url": "https://github.com/JasonHK"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Victor Perin",
+      "url": "https://github.com/victorperin"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Yongsheng Zhang",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ZYSzys"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "TypeScript definitions for Node.js",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types/node",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "",
+  "name": "@types/node",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped.git",
+    "directory": "types/node"
+  },
+  "scripts": {},
+  "typeScriptVersion": "3.6",
+  "types": "index.d.ts",
+  "typesPublisherContentHash": "4015e73b317c1729ff4d886338909c254c7ee7b4dd58073d03ac030b42a807cf",
+  "typesVersions": {
+    "<=3.6": {
+      "*": [
+        "ts3.6/*"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "version": "15.12.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/path.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/path.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ca1c5094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/path.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+declare module 'path/posix' {
+    import path = require('path');
+    export = path;
+}
+
+declare module 'path/win32' {
+    import path = require('path');
+    export = path;
+}
+
+declare module 'path' {
+    namespace path {
+        /**
+         * A parsed path object generated by path.parse() or consumed by path.format().
+         */
+        interface ParsedPath {
+            /**
+             * The root of the path such as '/' or 'c:\'
+             */
+            root: string;
+            /**
+             * The full directory path such as '/home/user/dir' or 'c:\path\dir'
+             */
+            dir: string;
+            /**
+             * The file name including extension (if any) such as 'index.html'
+             */
+            base: string;
+            /**
+             * The file extension (if any) such as '.html'
+             */
+            ext: string;
+            /**
+             * The file name without extension (if any) such as 'index'
+             */
+            name: string;
+        }
+
+        interface FormatInputPathObject {
+            /**
+             * The root of the path such as '/' or 'c:\'
+             */
+            root?: string;
+            /**
+             * The full directory path such as '/home/user/dir' or 'c:\path\dir'
+             */
+            dir?: string;
+            /**
+             * The file name including extension (if any) such as 'index.html'
+             */
+            base?: string;
+            /**
+             * The file extension (if any) such as '.html'
+             */
+            ext?: string;
+            /**
+             * The file name without extension (if any) such as 'index'
+             */
+            name?: string;
+        }
+
+        interface PlatformPath {
+            /**
+             * Normalize a string path, reducing '..' and '.' parts.
+             * When multiple slashes are found, they're replaced by a single one; when the path contains a trailing slash, it is preserved. On Windows backslashes are used.
+             *
+             * @param p string path to normalize.
+             */
+            normalize(p: string): string;
+            /**
+             * Join all arguments together and normalize the resulting path.
+             * Arguments must be strings. In v0.8, non-string arguments were silently ignored. In v0.10 and up, an exception is thrown.
+             *
+             * @param paths paths to join.
+             */
+            join(...paths: string[]): string;
+            /**
+             * The right-most parameter is considered {to}.  Other parameters are considered an array of {from}.
+             *
+             * Starting from leftmost {from} parameter, resolves {to} to an absolute path.
+             *
+             * If {to} isn't already absolute, {from} arguments are prepended in right to left order,
+             * until an absolute path is found. If after using all {from} paths still no absolute path is found,
+             * the current working directory is used as well. The resulting path is normalized,
+             * and trailing slashes are removed unless the path gets resolved to the root directory.
+             *
+             * @param pathSegments string paths to join.  Non-string arguments are ignored.
+             */
+            resolve(...pathSegments: string[]): string;
+            /**
+             * Determines whether {path} is an absolute path. An absolute path will always resolve to the same location, regardless of the working directory.
+             *
+             * @param path path to test.
+             */
+            isAbsolute(p: string): boolean;
+            /**
+             * Solve the relative path from {from} to {to}.
+             * At times we have two absolute paths, and we need to derive the relative path from one to the other. This is actually the reverse transform of path.resolve.
+             */
+            relative(from: string, to: string): string;
+            /**
+             * Return the directory name of a path. Similar to the Unix dirname command.
+             *
+             * @param p the path to evaluate.
+             */
+            dirname(p: string): string;
+            /**
+             * Return the last portion of a path. Similar to the Unix basename command.
+             * Often used to extract the file name from a fully qualified path.
+             *
+             * @param p the path to evaluate.
+             * @param ext optionally, an extension to remove from the result.
+             */
+            basename(p: string, ext?: string): string;
+            /**
+             * Return the extension of the path, from the last '.' to end of string in the last portion of the path.
+             * If there is no '.' in the last portion of the path or the first character of it is '.', then it returns an empty string
+             *
+             * @param p the path to evaluate.
+             */
+            extname(p: string): string;
+            /**
+             * The platform-specific file separator. '\\' or '/'.
+             */
+            readonly sep: string;
+            /**
+             * The platform-specific file delimiter. ';' or ':'.
+             */
+            readonly delimiter: string;
+            /**
+             * Returns an object from a path string - the opposite of format().
+             *
+             * @param pathString path to evaluate.
+             */
+            parse(p: string): ParsedPath;
+            /**
+             * Returns a path string from an object - the opposite of parse().
+             *
+             * @param pathString path to evaluate.
+             */
+            format(pP: FormatInputPathObject): string;
+            /**
+             * On Windows systems only, returns an equivalent namespace-prefixed path for the given path.
+             * If path is not a string, path will be returned without modifications.
+             * This method is meaningful only on Windows system.
+             * On POSIX systems, the method is non-operational and always returns path without modifications.
+             */
+            toNamespacedPath(path: string): string;
+            /**
+             * Posix specific pathing.
+             * Same as parent object on posix.
+             */
+            readonly posix: PlatformPath;
+            /**
+             * Windows specific pathing.
+             * Same as parent object on windows
+             */
+            readonly win32: PlatformPath;
+        }
+    }
+    const path: path.PlatformPath;
+    export = path;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/perf_hooks.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/perf_hooks.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4545f916a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/perf_hooks.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+declare module 'perf_hooks' {
+    import { AsyncResource } from 'async_hooks';
+
+    type EntryType = 'node' | 'mark' | 'measure' | 'gc' | 'function' | 'http2' | 'http';
+
+    class PerformanceEntry {
+        protected constructor();
+        /**
+         * The total number of milliseconds elapsed for this entry.
+         * This value will not be meaningful for all Performance Entry types.
+         */
+        readonly duration: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The name of the performance entry.
+         */
+        readonly name: string;
+
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp marking the starting time of the Performance Entry.
+         */
+        readonly startTime: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The type of the performance entry.
+         * Currently it may be one of: 'node', 'mark', 'measure', 'gc', or 'function'.
+         */
+        readonly entryType: EntryType;
+
+        /**
+         * When `performanceEntry.entryType` is equal to 'gc', `the performance.kind` property identifies
+         * the type of garbage collection operation that occurred.
+         * See perf_hooks.constants for valid values.
+         */
+        readonly kind?: number;
+
+        /**
+         * When `performanceEntry.entryType` is equal to 'gc', the `performance.flags`
+         * property contains additional information about garbage collection operation.
+         * See perf_hooks.constants for valid values.
+         */
+        readonly flags?: number;
+    }
+
+    class PerformanceNodeTiming extends PerformanceEntry {
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp at which the Node.js process completed bootstrap.
+         */
+        readonly bootstrapComplete: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp at which the Node.js process completed bootstrapping.
+         * If bootstrapping has not yet finished, the property has the value of -1.
+         */
+        readonly environment: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp at which the Node.js environment was initialized.
+         */
+        readonly idleTime: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp of the amount of time the event loop has been idle
+         *  within the event loop's event provider (e.g. `epoll_wait`). This does not take CPU usage
+         * into consideration. If the event loop has not yet started (e.g., in the first tick of the main script),
+         *  the property has the value of 0.
+         */
+        readonly loopExit: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp at which the Node.js event loop started.
+         * If the event loop has not yet started (e.g., in the first tick of the main script), the property has the value of -1.
+         */
+        readonly loopStart: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The high resolution millisecond timestamp at which the V8 platform was initialized.
+         */
+        readonly v8Start: number;
+    }
+
+    interface EventLoopUtilization {
+        idle: number;
+        active: number;
+        utilization: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param util1 The result of a previous call to eventLoopUtilization()
+     * @param util2 The result of a previous call to eventLoopUtilization() prior to util1
+     */
+    type EventLoopUtilityFunction = (
+        util1?: EventLoopUtilization,
+        util2?: EventLoopUtilization,
+    ) => EventLoopUtilization;
+
+    interface Performance {
+        /**
+         * If name is not provided, removes all PerformanceMark objects from the Performance Timeline.
+         * If name is provided, removes only the named mark.
+         * @param name
+         */
+        clearMarks(name?: string): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new PerformanceMark entry in the Performance Timeline.
+         * A PerformanceMark is a subclass of PerformanceEntry whose performanceEntry.entryType is always 'mark',
+         * and whose performanceEntry.duration is always 0.
+         * Performance marks are used to mark specific significant moments in the Performance Timeline.
+         * @param name
+         */
+        mark(name?: string): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new PerformanceMeasure entry in the Performance Timeline.
+         * A PerformanceMeasure is a subclass of PerformanceEntry whose performanceEntry.entryType is always 'measure',
+         * and whose performanceEntry.duration measures the number of milliseconds elapsed since startMark and endMark.
+         *
+         * The startMark argument may identify any existing PerformanceMark in the the Performance Timeline, or may identify
+         * any of the timestamp properties provided by the PerformanceNodeTiming class. If the named startMark does not exist,
+         * then startMark is set to timeOrigin by default.
+         *
+         * The endMark argument must identify any existing PerformanceMark in the the Performance Timeline or any of the timestamp
+         * properties provided by the PerformanceNodeTiming class. If the named endMark does not exist, an error will be thrown.
+         * @param name
+         * @param startMark
+         * @param endMark
+         */
+        measure(name: string, startMark?: string, endMark?: string): void;
+
+        /**
+         * An instance of the PerformanceNodeTiming class that provides performance metrics for specific Node.js operational milestones.
+         */
+        readonly nodeTiming: PerformanceNodeTiming;
+
+        /**
+         * @return the current high resolution millisecond timestamp
+         */
+        now(): number;
+
+        /**
+         * The timeOrigin specifies the high resolution millisecond timestamp from which all performance metric durations are measured.
+         */
+        readonly timeOrigin: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Wraps a function within a new function that measures the running time of the wrapped function.
+         * A PerformanceObserver must be subscribed to the 'function' event type in order for the timing details to be accessed.
+         * @param fn
+         */
+        timerify<T extends (...optionalParams: any[]) => any>(fn: T): T;
+
+        /**
+         * eventLoopUtilization is similar to CPU utilization except that it is calculated using high precision wall-clock time.
+         * It represents the percentage of time the event loop has spent outside the event loop's event provider (e.g. epoll_wait).
+         * No other CPU idle time is taken into consideration.
+         */
+        eventLoopUtilization: EventLoopUtilityFunction;
+    }
+
+    interface PerformanceObserverEntryList {
+        /**
+         * @return a list of PerformanceEntry objects in chronological order with respect to performanceEntry.startTime.
+         */
+        getEntries(): PerformanceEntry[];
+
+        /**
+         * @return a list of PerformanceEntry objects in chronological order with respect to performanceEntry.startTime
+         * whose performanceEntry.name is equal to name, and optionally, whose performanceEntry.entryType is equal to type.
+         */
+        getEntriesByName(name: string, type?: EntryType): PerformanceEntry[];
+
+        /**
+         * @return Returns a list of PerformanceEntry objects in chronological order with respect to performanceEntry.startTime
+         * whose performanceEntry.entryType is equal to type.
+         */
+        getEntriesByType(type: EntryType): PerformanceEntry[];
+    }
+
+    type PerformanceObserverCallback = (list: PerformanceObserverEntryList, observer: PerformanceObserver) => void;
+
+    class PerformanceObserver extends AsyncResource {
+        constructor(callback: PerformanceObserverCallback);
+
+        /**
+         * Disconnects the PerformanceObserver instance from all notifications.
+         */
+        disconnect(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Subscribes the PerformanceObserver instance to notifications of new PerformanceEntry instances identified by options.entryTypes.
+         * When options.buffered is false, the callback will be invoked once for every PerformanceEntry instance.
+         * Property buffered defaults to false.
+         * @param options
+         */
+        observe(options: { entryTypes: ReadonlyArray<EntryType>; buffered?: boolean }): void;
+    }
+
+    namespace constants {
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_MAJOR: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_MINOR: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_INCREMENTAL: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_WEAKCB: number;
+
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_NO: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_CONSTRUCT_RETAINED: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_FORCED: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_SYNCHRONOUS_PHANTOM_PROCESSING: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_ALL_AVAILABLE_GARBAGE: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_ALL_EXTERNAL_MEMORY: number;
+        const NODE_PERFORMANCE_GC_FLAGS_SCHEDULE_IDLE: number;
+    }
+
+    const performance: Performance;
+
+    interface EventLoopMonitorOptions {
+        /**
+         * The sampling rate in milliseconds.
+         * Must be greater than zero.
+         * @default 10
+         */
+        resolution?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface Histogram {
+        /**
+         * A `Map` object detailing the accumulated percentile distribution.
+         */
+        readonly percentiles: Map<number, number>;
+
+        /**
+         * The number of times the event loop delay exceeded the maximum 1 hour eventloop delay threshold.
+         */
+        readonly exceeds: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The minimum recorded event loop delay.
+         */
+        readonly min: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The maximum recorded event loop delay.
+         */
+        readonly max: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The mean of the recorded event loop delays.
+         */
+        readonly mean: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The standard deviation of the recorded event loop delays.
+         */
+        readonly stddev: number;
+
+        /**
+         * Resets the collected histogram data.
+         */
+        reset(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the value at the given percentile.
+         * @param percentile A percentile value between 1 and 100.
+         */
+        percentile(percentile: number): number;
+    }
+
+    interface IntervalHistogram extends Histogram {
+        /**
+         * Enables the event loop delay sample timer. Returns `true` if the timer was started, `false` if it was already started.
+         */
+        enable(): boolean;
+        /**
+         * Disables the event loop delay sample timer. Returns `true` if the timer was stopped, `false` if it was already stopped.
+         */
+        disable(): boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface RecordableHistogram extends Histogram {
+        record(val: number | bigint): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates the amount of time (in nanoseconds) that has passed since the previous call to recordDelta() and records that amount in the histogram.
+         */
+        recordDelta(): void;
+    }
+
+    function monitorEventLoopDelay(options?: EventLoopMonitorOptions): IntervalHistogram;
+
+    interface CreateHistogramOptions {
+        /**
+         * The minimum recordable value. Must be an integer value greater than 0.
+         * @default 1
+         */
+        min?: number | bigint;
+
+        /**
+         * The maximum recordable value. Must be an integer value greater than min.
+         * @default Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+         */
+        max?: number | bigint;
+        /**
+         * The number of accuracy digits. Must be a number between 1 and 5.
+         * @default 3
+         */
+        figures?: number;
+    }
+
+    function createHistogram(options?: CreateHistogramOptions): RecordableHistogram;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/process.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/process.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02778bb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/process.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+declare module 'process' {
+    import * as tty from 'tty';
+
+    global {
+        var process: NodeJS.Process;
+
+        namespace NodeJS {
+            // this namespace merge is here because these are specifically used
+            // as the type for process.stdin, process.stdout, and process.stderr.
+            // they can't live in tty.d.ts because we need to disambiguate the imported name.
+            interface ReadStream extends tty.ReadStream {}
+            interface WriteStream extends tty.WriteStream {}
+
+            interface MemoryUsageFn {
+                /**
+                 * The `process.memoryUsage()` method iterate over each page to gather informations about memory
+                 * usage which can be slow depending on the program memory allocations.
+                 */
+                (): MemoryUsage;
+                /**
+                 * method returns an integer representing the Resident Set Size (RSS) in bytes.
+                 */
+                rss(): number;
+            }
+
+            interface MemoryUsage {
+                rss: number;
+                heapTotal: number;
+                heapUsed: number;
+                external: number;
+                arrayBuffers: number;
+            }
+
+            interface CpuUsage {
+                user: number;
+                system: number;
+            }
+
+            interface ProcessRelease {
+                name: string;
+                sourceUrl?: string;
+                headersUrl?: string;
+                libUrl?: string;
+                lts?: string;
+            }
+
+            interface ProcessVersions extends Dict<string> {
+                http_parser: string;
+                node: string;
+                v8: string;
+                ares: string;
+                uv: string;
+                zlib: string;
+                modules: string;
+                openssl: string;
+            }
+
+            type Platform = 'aix'
+                | 'android'
+                | 'darwin'
+                | 'freebsd'
+                | 'linux'
+                | 'openbsd'
+                | 'sunos'
+                | 'win32'
+                | 'cygwin'
+                | 'netbsd';
+
+            type Signals =
+                "SIGABRT" | "SIGALRM" | "SIGBUS" | "SIGCHLD" | "SIGCONT" | "SIGFPE" | "SIGHUP" | "SIGILL" | "SIGINT" | "SIGIO" |
+                "SIGIOT" | "SIGKILL" | "SIGPIPE" | "SIGPOLL" | "SIGPROF" | "SIGPWR" | "SIGQUIT" | "SIGSEGV" | "SIGSTKFLT" |
+                "SIGSTOP" | "SIGSYS" | "SIGTERM" | "SIGTRAP" | "SIGTSTP" | "SIGTTIN" | "SIGTTOU" | "SIGUNUSED" | "SIGURG" |
+                "SIGUSR1" | "SIGUSR2" | "SIGVTALRM" | "SIGWINCH" | "SIGXCPU" | "SIGXFSZ" | "SIGBREAK" | "SIGLOST" | "SIGINFO";
+
+            type MultipleResolveType = 'resolve' | 'reject';
+
+            type BeforeExitListener = (code: number) => void;
+            type DisconnectListener = () => void;
+            type ExitListener = (code: number) => void;
+            type RejectionHandledListener = (promise: Promise<any>) => void;
+            type UncaughtExceptionListener = (error: Error) => void;
+            type UnhandledRejectionListener = (reason: {} | null | undefined, promise: Promise<any>) => void;
+            type WarningListener = (warning: Error) => void;
+            type MessageListener = (message: any, sendHandle: any) => void;
+            type SignalsListener = (signal: Signals) => void;
+            type NewListenerListener = (type: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void) => void;
+            type RemoveListenerListener = (type: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void) => void;
+            type MultipleResolveListener = (type: MultipleResolveType, promise: Promise<any>, value: any) => void;
+
+            interface Socket extends ReadWriteStream {
+                isTTY?: true;
+            }
+
+            // Alias for compatibility
+            interface ProcessEnv extends Dict<string> {}
+
+            interface HRTime {
+                (time?: [number, number]): [number, number];
+                bigint(): bigint;
+            }
+
+            interface ProcessReport {
+                /**
+                 * Directory where the report is written.
+                 * working directory of the Node.js process.
+                 * @default '' indicating that reports are written to the current
+                 */
+                directory: string;
+
+                /**
+                 * Filename where the report is written.
+                 * The default value is the empty string.
+                 * @default '' the output filename will be comprised of a timestamp,
+                 * PID, and sequence number.
+                 */
+                filename: string;
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns a JSON-formatted diagnostic report for the running process.
+                 * The report's JavaScript stack trace is taken from err, if present.
+                 */
+                getReport(err?: Error): string;
+
+                /**
+                 * If true, a diagnostic report is generated on fatal errors,
+                 * such as out of memory errors or failed C++ assertions.
+                 * @default false
+                 */
+                reportOnFatalError: boolean;
+
+                /**
+                 * If true, a diagnostic report is generated when the process
+                 * receives the signal specified by process.report.signal.
+                 * @defaul false
+                 */
+                reportOnSignal: boolean;
+
+                /**
+                 * If true, a diagnostic report is generated on uncaught exception.
+                 * @default false
+                 */
+                reportOnUncaughtException: boolean;
+
+                /**
+                 * The signal used to trigger the creation of a diagnostic report.
+                 * @default 'SIGUSR2'
+                 */
+                signal: Signals;
+
+                /**
+                 * Writes a diagnostic report to a file. If filename is not provided, the default filename
+                 * includes the date, time, PID, and a sequence number.
+                 * The report's JavaScript stack trace is taken from err, if present.
+                 *
+                 * @param fileName Name of the file where the report is written.
+                 * This should be a relative path, that will be appended to the directory specified in
+                 * `process.report.directory`, or the current working directory of the Node.js process,
+                 * if unspecified.
+                 * @param error A custom error used for reporting the JavaScript stack.
+                 * @return Filename of the generated report.
+                 */
+                writeReport(fileName?: string): string;
+                writeReport(error?: Error): string;
+                writeReport(fileName?: string, err?: Error): string;
+            }
+
+            interface ResourceUsage {
+                fsRead: number;
+                fsWrite: number;
+                involuntaryContextSwitches: number;
+                ipcReceived: number;
+                ipcSent: number;
+                majorPageFault: number;
+                maxRSS: number;
+                minorPageFault: number;
+                sharedMemorySize: number;
+                signalsCount: number;
+                swappedOut: number;
+                systemCPUTime: number;
+                unsharedDataSize: number;
+                unsharedStackSize: number;
+                userCPUTime: number;
+                voluntaryContextSwitches: number;
+            }
+
+            interface EmitWarningOptions {
+                /**
+                 * When `warning` is a `string`, `type` is the name to use for the _type_ of warning being emitted.
+                 *
+                 * @default 'Warning'
+                 */
+                type?: string;
+
+                /**
+                 * A unique identifier for the warning instance being emitted.
+                 */
+                code?: string;
+
+                /**
+                 * When `warning` is a `string`, `ctor` is an optional function used to limit the generated stack trace.
+                 *
+                 * @default process.emitWarning
+                 */
+                ctor?: Function;
+
+                /**
+                 * Additional text to include with the error.
+                 */
+                detail?: string;
+            }
+
+            interface Process extends EventEmitter {
+                /**
+                 * Can also be a tty.WriteStream, not typed due to limitations.
+                 */
+                stdout: WriteStream & {
+                    fd: 1;
+                };
+                /**
+                 * Can also be a tty.WriteStream, not typed due to limitations.
+                 */
+                stderr: WriteStream & {
+                    fd: 2;
+                };
+                stdin: ReadStream & {
+                    fd: 0;
+                };
+                openStdin(): Socket;
+                argv: string[];
+                argv0: string;
+                execArgv: string[];
+                execPath: string;
+                abort(): never;
+                chdir(directory: string): void;
+                cwd(): string;
+                debugPort: number;
+
+                /**
+                 * The `process.emitWarning()` method can be used to emit custom or application specific process warnings.
+                 *
+                 * These can be listened for by adding a handler to the `'warning'` event.
+                 *
+                 * @param warning The warning to emit.
+                 * @param type When `warning` is a `string`, `type` is the name to use for the _type_ of warning being emitted. Default: `'Warning'`.
+                 * @param code A unique identifier for the warning instance being emitted.
+                 * @param ctor When `warning` is a `string`, `ctor` is an optional function used to limit the generated stack trace. Default: `process.emitWarning`.
+                 */
+                emitWarning(warning: string | Error, ctor?: Function): void;
+                emitWarning(warning: string | Error, type?: string, ctor?: Function): void;
+                emitWarning(warning: string | Error, type?: string, code?: string, ctor?: Function): void;
+                emitWarning(warning: string | Error, options?: EmitWarningOptions): void;
+
+                env: ProcessEnv;
+                exit(code?: number): never;
+                exitCode?: number;
+                getgid(): number;
+                setgid(id: number | string): void;
+                getuid(): number;
+                setuid(id: number | string): void;
+                geteuid(): number;
+                seteuid(id: number | string): void;
+                getegid(): number;
+                setegid(id: number | string): void;
+                getgroups(): number[];
+                setgroups(groups: ReadonlyArray<string | number>): void;
+                setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(cb: ((err: Error) => void) | null): void;
+                hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(): boolean;
+                version: string;
+                versions: ProcessVersions;
+                config: {
+                    target_defaults: {
+                        cflags: any[];
+                        default_configuration: string;
+                        defines: string[];
+                        include_dirs: string[];
+                        libraries: string[];
+                    };
+                    variables: {
+                        clang: number;
+                        host_arch: string;
+                        node_install_npm: boolean;
+                        node_install_waf: boolean;
+                        node_prefix: string;
+                        node_shared_openssl: boolean;
+                        node_shared_v8: boolean;
+                        node_shared_zlib: boolean;
+                        node_use_dtrace: boolean;
+                        node_use_etw: boolean;
+                        node_use_openssl: boolean;
+                        target_arch: string;
+                        v8_no_strict_aliasing: number;
+                        v8_use_snapshot: boolean;
+                        visibility: string;
+                    };
+                };
+                kill(pid: number, signal?: string | number): true;
+                pid: number;
+                ppid: number;
+                title: string;
+                arch: string;
+                platform: Platform;
+                /** @deprecated since v14.0.0 - use `require.main` instead. */
+                mainModule?: Module;
+                memoryUsage: MemoryUsageFn;
+                cpuUsage(previousValue?: CpuUsage): CpuUsage;
+                nextTick(callback: Function, ...args: any[]): void;
+                release: ProcessRelease;
+                features: {
+                    inspector: boolean;
+                    debug: boolean;
+                    uv: boolean;
+                    ipv6: boolean;
+                    tls_alpn: boolean;
+                    tls_sni: boolean;
+                    tls_ocsp: boolean;
+                    tls: boolean;
+                };
+                /**
+                 * @deprecated since v14.0.0 - Calling process.umask() with no argument causes
+                 * the process-wide umask to be written twice. This introduces a race condition between threads,
+                 * and is a potential security vulnerability. There is no safe, cross-platform alternative API.
+                 */
+                umask(): number;
+                /**
+                 * Can only be set if not in worker thread.
+                 */
+                umask(mask: string | number): number;
+                uptime(): number;
+                hrtime: HRTime;
+                domain: Domain;
+
+                // Worker
+                send?(message: any, sendHandle?: any, options?: { swallowErrors?: boolean}, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void): boolean;
+                disconnect(): void;
+                connected: boolean;
+
+                /**
+                 * The `process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags` property is a special,
+                 * read-only `Set` of flags allowable within the `NODE_OPTIONS`
+                 * environment variable.
+                 */
+                allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags: ReadonlySet<string>;
+
+                /**
+                 * Only available with `--experimental-report`
+                 */
+                report?: ProcessReport;
+
+                resourceUsage(): ResourceUsage;
+
+                traceDeprecation: boolean;
+
+                /* EventEmitter */
+                addListener(event: "beforeExit", listener: BeforeExitListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: DisconnectListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "exit", listener: ExitListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "rejectionHandled", listener: RejectionHandledListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "uncaughtException", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "unhandledRejection", listener: UnhandledRejectionListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "warning", listener: WarningListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "message", listener: MessageListener): this;
+                addListener(event: Signals, listener: SignalsListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "newListener", listener: NewListenerListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "removeListener", listener: RemoveListenerListener): this;
+                addListener(event: "multipleResolves", listener: MultipleResolveListener): this;
+
+                emit(event: "beforeExit", code: number): boolean;
+                emit(event: "disconnect"): boolean;
+                emit(event: "exit", code: number): boolean;
+                emit(event: "rejectionHandled", promise: Promise<any>): boolean;
+                emit(event: "uncaughtException", error: Error): boolean;
+                emit(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor", error: Error): boolean;
+                emit(event: "unhandledRejection", reason: any, promise: Promise<any>): boolean;
+                emit(event: "warning", warning: Error): boolean;
+                emit(event: "message", message: any, sendHandle: any): this;
+                emit(event: Signals, signal: Signals): boolean;
+                emit(event: "newListener", eventName: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                emit(event: "removeListener", eventName: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+                emit(event: "multipleResolves", listener: MultipleResolveListener): this;
+
+                on(event: "beforeExit", listener: BeforeExitListener): this;
+                on(event: "disconnect", listener: DisconnectListener): this;
+                on(event: "exit", listener: ExitListener): this;
+                on(event: "rejectionHandled", listener: RejectionHandledListener): this;
+                on(event: "uncaughtException", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                on(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                on(event: "unhandledRejection", listener: UnhandledRejectionListener): this;
+                on(event: "warning", listener: WarningListener): this;
+                on(event: "message", listener: MessageListener): this;
+                on(event: Signals, listener: SignalsListener): this;
+                on(event: "newListener", listener: NewListenerListener): this;
+                on(event: "removeListener", listener: RemoveListenerListener): this;
+                on(event: "multipleResolves", listener: MultipleResolveListener): this;
+                on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+                once(event: "beforeExit", listener: BeforeExitListener): this;
+                once(event: "disconnect", listener: DisconnectListener): this;
+                once(event: "exit", listener: ExitListener): this;
+                once(event: "rejectionHandled", listener: RejectionHandledListener): this;
+                once(event: "uncaughtException", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                once(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                once(event: "unhandledRejection", listener: UnhandledRejectionListener): this;
+                once(event: "warning", listener: WarningListener): this;
+                once(event: "message", listener: MessageListener): this;
+                once(event: Signals, listener: SignalsListener): this;
+                once(event: "newListener", listener: NewListenerListener): this;
+                once(event: "removeListener", listener: RemoveListenerListener): this;
+                once(event: "multipleResolves", listener: MultipleResolveListener): this;
+
+                prependListener(event: "beforeExit", listener: BeforeExitListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: DisconnectListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "exit", listener: ExitListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "rejectionHandled", listener: RejectionHandledListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "uncaughtException", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "unhandledRejection", listener: UnhandledRejectionListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "warning", listener: WarningListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "message", listener: MessageListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: Signals, listener: SignalsListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "newListener", listener: NewListenerListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "removeListener", listener: RemoveListenerListener): this;
+                prependListener(event: "multipleResolves", listener: MultipleResolveListener): this;
+
+                prependOnceListener(event: "beforeExit", listener: BeforeExitListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: DisconnectListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: ExitListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "rejectionHandled", listener: RejectionHandledListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "uncaughtException", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor", listener: UncaughtExceptionListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "unhandledRejection", listener: UnhandledRejectionListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "warning", listener: WarningListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: MessageListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: Signals, listener: SignalsListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "newListener", listener: NewListenerListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "removeListener", listener: RemoveListenerListener): this;
+                prependOnceListener(event: "multipleResolves", listener: MultipleResolveListener): this;
+
+                listeners(event: "beforeExit"): BeforeExitListener[];
+                listeners(event: "disconnect"): DisconnectListener[];
+                listeners(event: "exit"): ExitListener[];
+                listeners(event: "rejectionHandled"): RejectionHandledListener[];
+                listeners(event: "uncaughtException"): UncaughtExceptionListener[];
+                listeners(event: "uncaughtExceptionMonitor"): UncaughtExceptionListener[];
+                listeners(event: "unhandledRejection"): UnhandledRejectionListener[];
+                listeners(event: "warning"): WarningListener[];
+                listeners(event: "message"): MessageListener[];
+                listeners(event: Signals): SignalsListener[];
+                listeners(event: "newListener"): NewListenerListener[];
+                listeners(event: "removeListener"): RemoveListenerListener[];
+                listeners(event: "multipleResolves"): MultipleResolveListener[];
+            }
+
+            interface Global {
+                process: Process;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    export = process;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/punycode.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/punycode.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b21ee8ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/punycode.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+ * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+ * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+ * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+ * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+ * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+ */
+declare module 'punycode' {
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+     * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+     * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+     * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+     * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+     */
+    function decode(string: string): string;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+     * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+     * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+     * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+     * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+     */
+    function encode(string: string): string;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+     * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+     * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+     * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+     * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+     */
+    function toUnicode(domain: string): string;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+     * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+     * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+     * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+     * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+     */
+    function toASCII(domain: string): string;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+     * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+     * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+     * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+     * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+     */
+    const ucs2: ucs2;
+    interface ucs2 {
+        /**
+         * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+         * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+         * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+         * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+         * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+         */
+        decode(string: string): number[];
+        /**
+         * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+         * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+         * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+         * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+         * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+         */
+        encode(codePoints: ReadonlyArray<number>): string;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v7.0.0
+     * The version of the punycode module bundled in Node.js is being deprecated.
+     * In a future major version of Node.js this module will be removed.
+     * Users currently depending on the punycode module should switch to using
+     * the userland-provided Punycode.js module instead.
+     */
+    const version: string;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/querystring.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/querystring.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..106511898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/querystring.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+declare module 'querystring' {
+    interface StringifyOptions {
+        encodeURIComponent?: (str: string) => string;
+    }
+
+    interface ParseOptions {
+        maxKeys?: number;
+        decodeURIComponent?: (str: string) => string;
+    }
+
+    interface ParsedUrlQuery extends NodeJS.Dict<string | string[]> { }
+
+    interface ParsedUrlQueryInput extends NodeJS.Dict<string | number | boolean | ReadonlyArray<string> | ReadonlyArray<number> | ReadonlyArray<boolean> | null> {
+    }
+
+    function stringify(obj?: ParsedUrlQueryInput, sep?: string, eq?: string, options?: StringifyOptions): string;
+    function parse(str: string, sep?: string, eq?: string, options?: ParseOptions): ParsedUrlQuery;
+    /**
+     * The querystring.encode() function is an alias for querystring.stringify().
+     */
+    const encode: typeof stringify;
+    /**
+     * The querystring.decode() function is an alias for querystring.parse().
+     */
+    const decode: typeof parse;
+    function escape(str: string): string;
+    function unescape(str: string): string;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/readline.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/readline.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..988d216f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/readline.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+declare module 'readline' {
+    import { Abortable, EventEmitter } from 'events';
+
+    interface Key {
+        sequence?: string;
+        name?: string;
+        ctrl?: boolean;
+        meta?: boolean;
+        shift?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    class Interface extends EventEmitter {
+        readonly terminal: boolean;
+
+        // Need direct access to line/cursor data, for use in external processes
+        // see: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/30347
+        /** The current input data */
+        readonly line: string;
+        /** The current cursor position in the input line */
+        readonly cursor: number;
+
+        /**
+         * NOTE: According to the documentation:
+         *
+         * > Instances of the `readline.Interface` class are constructed using the
+         * > `readline.createInterface()` method.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/readline.html#readline_class_interface
+         */
+        protected constructor(input: NodeJS.ReadableStream, output?: NodeJS.WritableStream, completer?: Completer | AsyncCompleter, terminal?: boolean);
+        /**
+         * NOTE: According to the documentation:
+         *
+         * > Instances of the `readline.Interface` class are constructed using the
+         * > `readline.createInterface()` method.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/readline.html#readline_class_interface
+         */
+        protected constructor(options: ReadLineOptions);
+
+        getPrompt(): string;
+        setPrompt(prompt: string): void;
+        prompt(preserveCursor?: boolean): void;
+        question(query: string, callback: (answer: string) => void): void;
+        question(query: string, options: Abortable, callback: (answer: string) => void): void;
+        pause(): this;
+        resume(): this;
+        close(): void;
+        write(data: string | Buffer, key?: Key): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the real position of the cursor in relation to the input
+         * prompt + string.  Long input (wrapping) strings, as well as multiple
+         * line prompts are included in the calculations.
+         */
+        getCursorPos(): CursorPos;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         * 1. close
+         * 2. line
+         * 3. pause
+         * 4. resume
+         * 5. SIGCONT
+         * 6. SIGINT
+         * 7. SIGTSTP
+         * 8. history
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "history", listener: (history: string[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "line", input: string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "pause"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "resume"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "SIGCONT"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "SIGINT"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "SIGTSTP"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "history", history: string[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "history", listener: (history: string[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "history", listener: (history: string[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "history", listener: (history: string[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "history", listener: (history: string[]) => void): this;
+
+        [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<string>;
+    }
+
+    type ReadLine = Interface; // type forwarded for backwards compatibility
+
+    type Completer = (line: string) => CompleterResult;
+    type AsyncCompleter = (line: string, callback: (err?: null | Error, result?: CompleterResult) => void) => any;
+
+    type CompleterResult = [string[], string];
+
+    interface ReadLineOptions {
+        input: NodeJS.ReadableStream;
+        output?: NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        completer?: Completer | AsyncCompleter;
+        terminal?: boolean;
+        /**
+         *  Initial list of history lines. This option makes sense
+         * only if `terminal` is set to `true` by the user or by an internal `output`
+         * check, otherwise the history caching mechanism is not initialized at all.
+         * @default []
+         */
+        history?: string[];
+        historySize?: number;
+        prompt?: string;
+        crlfDelay?: number;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, when a new input line added
+         * to the history list duplicates an older one, this removes the older line
+         * from the list.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        removeHistoryDuplicates?: boolean;
+        escapeCodeTimeout?: number;
+        tabSize?: number;
+    }
+
+    function createInterface(input: NodeJS.ReadableStream, output?: NodeJS.WritableStream, completer?: Completer | AsyncCompleter, terminal?: boolean): Interface;
+    function createInterface(options: ReadLineOptions): Interface;
+    function emitKeypressEvents(stream: NodeJS.ReadableStream, readlineInterface?: Interface): void;
+
+    type Direction = -1 | 0 | 1;
+
+    interface CursorPos {
+        rows: number;
+        cols: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the current line of this WriteStream in a direction identified by `dir`.
+     */
+    function clearLine(stream: NodeJS.WritableStream, dir: Direction, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Clears this `WriteStream` from the current cursor down.
+     */
+    function clearScreenDown(stream: NodeJS.WritableStream, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Moves this WriteStream's cursor to the specified position.
+     */
+    function cursorTo(stream: NodeJS.WritableStream, x: number, y?: number, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Moves this WriteStream's cursor relative to its current position.
+     */
+    function moveCursor(stream: NodeJS.WritableStream, dx: number, dy: number, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/repl.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/repl.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45901e979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/repl.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+declare module 'repl' {
+    import { Interface, Completer, AsyncCompleter } from 'readline';
+    import { Context } from 'vm';
+    import { InspectOptions } from 'util';
+
+    interface ReplOptions {
+        /**
+         * The input prompt to display.
+         * @default "> "
+         */
+        prompt?: string;
+        /**
+         * The `Readable` stream from which REPL input will be read.
+         * @default process.stdin
+         */
+        input?: NodeJS.ReadableStream;
+        /**
+         * The `Writable` stream to which REPL output will be written.
+         * @default process.stdout
+         */
+        output?: NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, specifies that the output should be treated as a TTY terminal, and have
+         * ANSI/VT100 escape codes written to it.
+         * Default: checking the value of the `isTTY` property on the output stream upon
+         * instantiation.
+         */
+        terminal?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The function to be used when evaluating each given line of input.
+         * Default: an async wrapper for the JavaScript `eval()` function. An `eval` function can
+         * error with `repl.Recoverable` to indicate the input was incomplete and prompt for
+         * additional lines.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_default_evaluation
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_custom_evaluation_functions
+         */
+        eval?: REPLEval;
+        /**
+         * Defines if the repl prints output previews or not.
+         * @default `true` Always `false` in case `terminal` is falsy.
+         */
+        preview?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, specifies that the default `writer` function should include ANSI color
+         * styling to REPL output. If a custom `writer` function is provided then this has no
+         * effect.
+         * Default: the REPL instance's `terminal` value.
+         */
+        useColors?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, specifies that the default evaluation function will use the JavaScript
+         * `global` as the context as opposed to creating a new separate context for the REPL
+         * instance. The node CLI REPL sets this value to `true`.
+         * Default: `false`.
+         */
+        useGlobal?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, specifies that the default writer will not output the return value of a
+         * command if it evaluates to `undefined`.
+         * Default: `false`.
+         */
+        ignoreUndefined?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The function to invoke to format the output of each command before writing to `output`.
+         * Default: a wrapper for `util.inspect`.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_customizing_repl_output
+         */
+        writer?: REPLWriter;
+        /**
+         * An optional function used for custom Tab auto completion.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v11.x/docs/api/readline.html#readline_use_of_the_completer_function
+         */
+        completer?: Completer | AsyncCompleter;
+        /**
+         * A flag that specifies whether the default evaluator executes all JavaScript commands in
+         * strict mode or default (sloppy) mode.
+         * Accepted values are:
+         * - `repl.REPL_MODE_SLOPPY` - evaluates expressions in sloppy mode.
+         * - `repl.REPL_MODE_STRICT` - evaluates expressions in strict mode. This is equivalent to
+         *   prefacing every repl statement with `'use strict'`.
+         */
+        replMode?: typeof REPL_MODE_SLOPPY | typeof REPL_MODE_STRICT;
+        /**
+         * Stop evaluating the current piece of code when `SIGINT` is received, i.e. `Ctrl+C` is
+         * pressed. This cannot be used together with a custom `eval` function.
+         * Default: `false`.
+         */
+        breakEvalOnSigint?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    type REPLEval = (this: REPLServer, evalCmd: string, context: Context, file: string, cb: (err: Error | null, result: any) => void) => void;
+    type REPLWriter = (this: REPLServer, obj: any) => string;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the default "writer" value, if none is passed in the REPL options,
+     * and it can be overridden by custom print functions.
+     */
+    const writer: REPLWriter & { options: InspectOptions };
+
+    type REPLCommandAction = (this: REPLServer, text: string) => void;
+
+    interface REPLCommand {
+        /**
+         * Help text to be displayed when `.help` is entered.
+         */
+        help?: string;
+        /**
+         * The function to execute, optionally accepting a single string argument.
+         */
+        action: REPLCommandAction;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Provides a customizable Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL).
+     *
+     * Instances of `repl.REPLServer` will accept individual lines of user input, evaluate those
+     * according to a user-defined evaluation function, then output the result. Input and output
+     * may be from `stdin` and `stdout`, respectively, or may be connected to any Node.js `stream`.
+     *
+     * Instances of `repl.REPLServer` support automatic completion of inputs, simplistic Emacs-style
+     * line editing, multi-line inputs, ANSI-styled output, saving and restoring current REPL session
+     * state, error recovery, and customizable evaluation functions.
+     *
+     * Instances of `repl.REPLServer` are created using the `repl.start()` method and _should not_
+     * be created directly using the JavaScript `new` keyword.
+     *
+     * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_repl
+     */
+    class REPLServer extends Interface {
+        /**
+         * The `vm.Context` provided to the `eval` function to be used for JavaScript
+         * evaluation.
+         */
+        readonly context: Context;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated since v14.3.0 - Use `input` instead.
+         */
+        readonly inputStream: NodeJS.ReadableStream;
+        /**
+         * @deprecated since v14.3.0 - Use `output` instead.
+         */
+        readonly outputStream: NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        /**
+         * The `Readable` stream from which REPL input will be read.
+         */
+        readonly input: NodeJS.ReadableStream;
+        /**
+         * The `Writable` stream to which REPL output will be written.
+         */
+        readonly output: NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        /**
+         * The commands registered via `replServer.defineCommand()`.
+         */
+        readonly commands: NodeJS.ReadOnlyDict<REPLCommand>;
+        /**
+         * A value indicating whether the REPL is currently in "editor mode".
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_commands_and_special_keys
+         */
+        readonly editorMode: boolean;
+        /**
+         * A value indicating whether the `_` variable has been assigned.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable
+         */
+        readonly underscoreAssigned: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The last evaluation result from the REPL (assigned to the `_` variable inside of the REPL).
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable
+         */
+        readonly last: any;
+        /**
+         * A value indicating whether the `_error` variable has been assigned.
+         *
+         * @since v9.8.0
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable
+         */
+        readonly underscoreErrAssigned: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The last error raised inside the REPL (assigned to the `_error` variable inside of the REPL).
+         *
+         * @since v9.8.0
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable
+         */
+        readonly lastError: any;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is the function to be used when evaluating each
+         * given line of input. If not specified in the REPL options, this is an async wrapper
+         * for the JavaScript `eval()` function.
+         */
+        readonly eval: REPLEval;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is a value indicating whether the default
+         * `writer` function should include ANSI color styling to REPL output.
+         */
+        readonly useColors: boolean;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is a value indicating whether the default `eval`
+         * function will use the JavaScript `global` as the context as opposed to creating a new
+         * separate context for the REPL instance.
+         */
+        readonly useGlobal: boolean;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is a value indicating whether the default `writer`
+         * function should output the result of a command if it evaluates to `undefined`.
+         */
+        readonly ignoreUndefined: boolean;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is the function to invoke to format the output of
+         * each command before writing to `outputStream`. If not specified in the REPL options,
+         * this will be a wrapper for `util.inspect`.
+         */
+        readonly writer: REPLWriter;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is the function to use for custom Tab auto-completion.
+         */
+        readonly completer: Completer | AsyncCompleter;
+        /**
+         * Specified in the REPL options, this is a flag that specifies whether the default `eval`
+         * function should execute all JavaScript commands in strict mode or default (sloppy) mode.
+         * Possible values are:
+         * - `repl.REPL_MODE_SLOPPY` - evaluates expressions in sloppy mode.
+         * - `repl.REPL_MODE_STRICT` - evaluates expressions in strict mode. This is equivalent to
+         *    prefacing every repl statement with `'use strict'`.
+         */
+        readonly replMode: typeof REPL_MODE_SLOPPY | typeof REPL_MODE_STRICT;
+
+        /**
+         * NOTE: According to the documentation:
+         *
+         * > Instances of `repl.REPLServer` are created using the `repl.start()` method and
+         * > _should not_ be created directly using the JavaScript `new` keyword.
+         *
+         * `REPLServer` cannot be subclassed due to implementation specifics in NodeJS.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_class_replserver
+         */
+        private constructor();
+
+        /**
+         * Used to add new `.`-prefixed commands to the REPL instance. Such commands are invoked
+         * by typing a `.` followed by the `keyword`.
+         *
+         * @param keyword The command keyword (_without_ a leading `.` character).
+         * @param cmd The function to invoke when the command is processed.
+         *
+         * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_replserver_definecommand_keyword_cmd
+         */
+        defineCommand(keyword: string, cmd: REPLCommandAction | REPLCommand): void;
+        /**
+         * Readies the REPL instance for input from the user, printing the configured `prompt` to a
+         * new line in the `output` and resuming the `input` to accept new input.
+         *
+         * When multi-line input is being entered, an ellipsis is printed rather than the 'prompt'.
+         *
+         * This method is primarily intended to be called from within the action function for
+         * commands registered using the `replServer.defineCommand()` method.
+         *
+         * @param preserveCursor When `true`, the cursor placement will not be reset to `0`.
+         */
+        displayPrompt(preserveCursor?: boolean): void;
+        /**
+         * Clears any command that has been buffered but not yet executed.
+         *
+         * This method is primarily intended to be called from within the action function for
+         * commands registered using the `replServer.defineCommand()` method.
+         *
+         * @since v9.0.0
+         */
+        clearBufferedCommand(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Initializes a history log file for the REPL instance. When executing the
+         * Node.js binary and using the command line REPL, a history file is initialized
+         * by default. However, this is not the case when creating a REPL
+         * programmatically. Use this method to initialize a history log file when working
+         * with REPL instances programmatically.
+         * @param path The path to the history file
+         */
+        setupHistory(path: string, cb: (err: Error | null, repl: this) => void): void;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         * 1. close - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 2. line - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 3. pause - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 4. resume - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 5. SIGCONT - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 6. SIGINT - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 7. SIGTSTP - inherited from `readline.Interface`
+         * 8. exit
+         * 9. reset
+         */
+
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "exit", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "reset", listener: (context: Context) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "line", input: string): boolean;
+        emit(event: "pause"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "resume"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "SIGCONT"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "SIGINT"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "SIGTSTP"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "exit"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "reset", context: Context): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        on(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "exit", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "reset", listener: (context: Context) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        once(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "exit", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "reset", listener: (context: Context) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "exit", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "reset", listener: (context: Context) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "line", listener: (input: string) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "SIGCONT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "SIGINT", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "SIGTSTP", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "reset", listener: (context: Context) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A flag passed in the REPL options. Evaluates expressions in sloppy mode.
+     */
+    const REPL_MODE_SLOPPY: unique symbol;
+
+    /**
+     * A flag passed in the REPL options. Evaluates expressions in strict mode.
+     * This is equivalent to prefacing every repl statement with `'use strict'`.
+     */
+    const REPL_MODE_STRICT: unique symbol;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates and starts a `repl.REPLServer` instance.
+     *
+     * @param options The options for the `REPLServer`. If `options` is a string, then it specifies
+     * the input prompt.
+     */
+    function start(options?: string | ReplOptions): REPLServer;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates a recoverable error that a `REPLServer` can use to support multi-line input.
+     *
+     * @see https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v10.x/docs/api/repl.html#repl_recoverable_errors
+     */
+    class Recoverable extends SyntaxError {
+        err: Error;
+
+        constructor(err: Error);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/stream.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/stream.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e471cba3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/stream.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+declare module 'stream' {
+    import { EventEmitter, Abortable } from 'events';
+    import * as streamPromises from "stream/promises";
+
+    class internal extends EventEmitter {
+        pipe<T extends NodeJS.WritableStream>(destination: T, options?: { end?: boolean; }): T;
+    }
+
+    namespace internal {
+        class Stream extends internal {
+            constructor(opts?: ReadableOptions);
+        }
+
+        interface StreamOptions<T extends Stream> extends Abortable {
+            emitClose?: boolean;
+            highWaterMark?: number;
+            objectMode?: boolean;
+            construct?(this: T, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            destroy?(this: T, error: Error | null, callback: (error: Error | null) => void): void;
+            autoDestroy?: boolean;
+        }
+
+        interface ReadableOptions extends StreamOptions<Readable> {
+            encoding?: BufferEncoding;
+            read?(this: Readable, size: number): void;
+        }
+
+        class Readable extends Stream implements NodeJS.ReadableStream {
+            /**
+             * A utility method for creating Readable Streams out of iterators.
+             */
+            static from(iterable: Iterable<any> | AsyncIterable<any>, options?: ReadableOptions): Readable;
+
+            readable: boolean;
+            readonly readableEncoding: BufferEncoding | null;
+            readonly readableEnded: boolean;
+            readonly readableFlowing: boolean | null;
+            readonly readableHighWaterMark: number;
+            readonly readableLength: number;
+            readonly readableObjectMode: boolean;
+            destroyed: boolean;
+            constructor(opts?: ReadableOptions);
+            _construct?(callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _read(size: number): void;
+            read(size?: number): any;
+            setEncoding(encoding: BufferEncoding): this;
+            pause(): this;
+            resume(): this;
+            isPaused(): boolean;
+            unpipe(destination?: NodeJS.WritableStream): this;
+            unshift(chunk: any, encoding?: BufferEncoding): void;
+            wrap(oldStream: NodeJS.ReadableStream): this;
+            push(chunk: any, encoding?: BufferEncoding): boolean;
+            _destroy(error: Error | null, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            destroy(error?: Error): void;
+
+            /**
+             * Event emitter
+             * The defined events on documents including:
+             * 1. close
+             * 2. data
+             * 3. end
+             * 4. error
+             * 5. pause
+             * 6. readable
+             * 7. resume
+             */
+            addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: any) => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "data", chunk: any): boolean;
+            emit(event: "end"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+            emit(event: "pause"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "readable"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "resume"): boolean;
+            emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+            on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "data", listener: (chunk: any) => void): this;
+            on(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            on(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "data", listener: (chunk: any) => void): this;
+            once(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            once(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: any) => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: any) => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            removeListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "data", listener: (chunk: any) => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "end", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "pause", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "readable", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "resume", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<any>;
+        }
+
+        interface WritableOptions extends StreamOptions<Writable> {
+            decodeStrings?: boolean;
+            defaultEncoding?: BufferEncoding;
+            write?(this: Writable, chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            writev?(this: Writable, chunks: Array<{ chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding }>, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            final?(this: Writable, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+        }
+
+        class Writable extends Stream implements NodeJS.WritableStream {
+            readonly writable: boolean;
+            readonly writableEnded: boolean;
+            readonly writableFinished: boolean;
+            readonly writableHighWaterMark: number;
+            readonly writableLength: number;
+            readonly writableObjectMode: boolean;
+            readonly writableCorked: number;
+            destroyed: boolean;
+            constructor(opts?: WritableOptions);
+            _write(chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _writev?(chunks: Array<{ chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding }>, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _construct?(callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _destroy(error: Error | null, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _final(callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            write(chunk: any, cb?: (error: Error | null | undefined) => void): boolean;
+            write(chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, cb?: (error: Error | null | undefined) => void): boolean;
+            setDefaultEncoding(encoding: BufferEncoding): this;
+            end(cb?: () => void): void;
+            end(chunk: any, cb?: () => void): void;
+            end(chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, cb?: () => void): void;
+            cork(): void;
+            uncork(): void;
+            destroy(error?: Error): void;
+
+            /**
+             * Event emitter
+             * The defined events on documents including:
+             * 1. close
+             * 2. drain
+             * 3. error
+             * 4. finish
+             * 5. pipe
+             * 6. unpipe
+             */
+            addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            addListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "drain"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+            emit(event: "finish"): boolean;
+            emit(event: "pipe", src: Readable): boolean;
+            emit(event: "unpipe", src: Readable): boolean;
+            emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+            on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            on(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+            on(event: "pipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            on(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            once(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+            once(event: "pipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            once(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+            removeListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "drain", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "finish", listener: () => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "pipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: "unpipe", listener: (src: Readable) => void): this;
+            removeListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        }
+
+        interface DuplexOptions extends ReadableOptions, WritableOptions {
+            allowHalfOpen?: boolean;
+            readableObjectMode?: boolean;
+            writableObjectMode?: boolean;
+            readableHighWaterMark?: number;
+            writableHighWaterMark?: number;
+            writableCorked?: number;
+            construct?(this: Duplex, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            read?(this: Duplex, size: number): void;
+            write?(this: Duplex, chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            writev?(this: Duplex, chunks: Array<{ chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding }>, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            final?(this: Duplex, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            destroy?(this: Duplex, error: Error | null, callback: (error: Error | null) => void): void;
+        }
+
+        // Note: Duplex extends both Readable and Writable.
+        class Duplex extends Readable implements Writable {
+            readonly writable: boolean;
+            readonly writableEnded: boolean;
+            readonly writableFinished: boolean;
+            readonly writableHighWaterMark: number;
+            readonly writableLength: number;
+            readonly writableObjectMode: boolean;
+            readonly writableCorked: number;
+            constructor(opts?: DuplexOptions);
+            _write(chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _writev?(chunks: Array<{ chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding }>, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _destroy(error: Error | null, callback: (error: Error | null) => void): void;
+            _final(callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            write(chunk: any, encoding?: BufferEncoding, cb?: (error: Error | null | undefined) => void): boolean;
+            write(chunk: any, cb?: (error: Error | null | undefined) => void): boolean;
+            setDefaultEncoding(encoding: BufferEncoding): this;
+            end(cb?: () => void): void;
+            end(chunk: any, cb?: () => void): void;
+            end(chunk: any, encoding?: BufferEncoding, cb?: () => void): void;
+            cork(): void;
+            uncork(): void;
+        }
+
+        type TransformCallback = (error?: Error | null, data?: any) => void;
+
+        interface TransformOptions extends DuplexOptions {
+            construct?(this: Transform, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            read?(this: Transform, size: number): void;
+            write?(this: Transform, chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            writev?(this: Transform, chunks: Array<{ chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding }>, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            final?(this: Transform, callback: (error?: Error | null) => void): void;
+            destroy?(this: Transform, error: Error | null, callback: (error: Error | null) => void): void;
+            transform?(this: Transform, chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: TransformCallback): void;
+            flush?(this: Transform, callback: TransformCallback): void;
+        }
+
+        class Transform extends Duplex {
+            constructor(opts?: TransformOptions);
+            _transform(chunk: any, encoding: BufferEncoding, callback: TransformCallback): void;
+            _flush(callback: TransformCallback): void;
+        }
+
+        class PassThrough extends Transform { }
+
+        /**
+         * Attaches an AbortSignal to a readable or writeable stream. This lets code
+         * control stream destruction using an `AbortController`.
+         *
+         * Calling `abort` on the `AbortController` corresponding to the passed
+         * `AbortSignal` will behave the same way as calling `.destroy(new AbortError())`
+         * on the stream.
+         */
+        function addAbortSignal<T extends Stream>(signal: AbortSignal, stream: T): T;
+
+        interface FinishedOptions extends Abortable {
+            error?: boolean;
+            readable?: boolean;
+            writable?: boolean;
+        }
+        function finished(stream: NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream, options: FinishedOptions, callback: (err?: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null) => void): () => void;
+        function finished(stream: NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream, callback: (err?: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null) => void): () => void;
+        namespace finished {
+            function __promisify__(stream: NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream, options?: FinishedOptions): Promise<void>;
+        }
+
+        type PipelineSourceFunction<T> = () => Iterable<T> | AsyncIterable<T>;
+        type PipelineSource<T> = Iterable<T> | AsyncIterable<T> | NodeJS.ReadableStream | PipelineSourceFunction<T>;
+        type PipelineTransform<S extends PipelineTransformSource<any>, U> =
+            NodeJS.ReadWriteStream |
+            ((source: S extends (...args: any[]) => Iterable<infer ST> | AsyncIterable<infer ST> ?
+                AsyncIterable<ST> : S) => AsyncIterable<U>);
+        type PipelineTransformSource<T> = PipelineSource<T> | PipelineTransform<any, T>;
+
+        type PipelineDestinationIterableFunction<T> = (source: AsyncIterable<T>) => AsyncIterable<any>;
+        type PipelineDestinationPromiseFunction<T, P> = (source: AsyncIterable<T>) => Promise<P>;
+
+        type PipelineDestination<S extends PipelineTransformSource<any>, P> =
+            S extends PipelineTransformSource<infer ST> ?
+                (NodeJS.WritableStream | PipelineDestinationIterableFunction<ST> | PipelineDestinationPromiseFunction<ST, P>) : never;
+        type PipelineCallback<S extends PipelineDestination<any, any>> =
+            S extends PipelineDestinationPromiseFunction<any, infer P> ? (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, value: P) => void :
+                (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null) => void;
+        type PipelinePromise<S extends PipelineDestination<any, any>> =
+            S extends PipelineDestinationPromiseFunction<any, infer P> ? Promise<P> : Promise<void>;
+        interface PipelineOptions {
+            signal: AbortSignal;
+        }
+
+        function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+            B extends PipelineDestination<A, any>>(
+            source: A,
+            destination: B,
+            callback?: PipelineCallback<B>
+        ): B extends NodeJS.WritableStream ? B : NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+            T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+            B extends PipelineDestination<T1, any>>(
+            source: A,
+            transform1: T1,
+            destination: B,
+            callback?: PipelineCallback<B>
+        ): B extends NodeJS.WritableStream ? B : NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+            T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+            T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+            B extends PipelineDestination<T2, any>>(
+            source: A,
+            transform1: T1,
+            transform2: T2,
+            destination: B,
+            callback?: PipelineCallback<B>
+        ): B extends NodeJS.WritableStream ? B : NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+            T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+            T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+            T3 extends PipelineTransform<T2, any>,
+            B extends PipelineDestination<T3, any>>(
+            source: A,
+            transform1: T1,
+            transform2: T2,
+            transform3: T3,
+            destination: B,
+            callback?: PipelineCallback<B>
+        ): B extends NodeJS.WritableStream ? B : NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+            T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+            T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+            T3 extends PipelineTransform<T2, any>,
+            T4 extends PipelineTransform<T3, any>,
+            B extends PipelineDestination<T4, any>>(
+            source: A,
+            transform1: T1,
+            transform2: T2,
+            transform3: T3,
+            transform4: T4,
+            destination: B,
+            callback?: PipelineCallback<B>
+        ): B extends NodeJS.WritableStream ? B : NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        function pipeline(
+            streams: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream>,
+            callback?: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null) => void,
+        ): NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        function pipeline(
+            stream1: NodeJS.ReadableStream,
+            stream2: NodeJS.ReadWriteStream | NodeJS.WritableStream,
+            ...streams: Array<NodeJS.ReadWriteStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | ((err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null) => void)>,
+        ): NodeJS.WritableStream;
+        namespace pipeline {
+            function __promisify__<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+                B extends PipelineDestination<A, any>>(
+                source: A,
+                destination: B,
+                options?: PipelineOptions
+            ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+            function __promisify__<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+                T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+                B extends PipelineDestination<T1, any>>(
+                source: A,
+                transform1: T1,
+                destination: B,
+                options?: PipelineOptions,
+            ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+            function __promisify__<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+                T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+                T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+                B extends PipelineDestination<T2, any>>(
+                source: A,
+                transform1: T1,
+                transform2: T2,
+                destination: B,
+                options?: PipelineOptions
+            ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+            function __promisify__<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+                T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+                T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+                T3 extends PipelineTransform<T2, any>,
+                B extends PipelineDestination<T3, any>>(
+                source: A,
+                transform1: T1,
+                transform2: T2,
+                transform3: T3,
+                destination: B,
+                options?: PipelineOptions
+            ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+            function __promisify__<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+                T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+                T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+                T3 extends PipelineTransform<T2, any>,
+                T4 extends PipelineTransform<T3, any>,
+                B extends PipelineDestination<T4, any>>(
+                source: A,
+                transform1: T1,
+                transform2: T2,
+                transform3: T3,
+                transform4: T4,
+                destination: B,
+                options?: PipelineOptions
+            ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+
+            function __promisify__(
+                streams: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream>,
+                options?: PipelineOptions
+            ): Promise<void>;
+            function __promisify__(
+                stream1: NodeJS.ReadableStream,
+                stream2: NodeJS.ReadWriteStream | NodeJS.WritableStream,
+                ...streams: Array<NodeJS.ReadWriteStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | PipelineOptions>,
+            ): Promise<void>;
+        }
+
+        interface Pipe {
+            close(): void;
+            hasRef(): boolean;
+            ref(): void;
+            unref(): void;
+        }
+
+        const promises: typeof streamPromises;
+    }
+
+    export = internal;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/stream/promises.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/stream/promises.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c704232f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/stream/promises.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+declare module "stream/promises" {
+    import { FinishedOptions, PipelineSource, PipelineTransform,
+        PipelineDestination, PipelinePromise, PipelineOptions } from "stream";
+
+    function finished(stream: NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream, options?: FinishedOptions): Promise<void>;
+
+    function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+        B extends PipelineDestination<A, any>>(
+        source: A,
+        destination: B,
+        options?: PipelineOptions
+    ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+    function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+        T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+        B extends PipelineDestination<T1, any>>(
+        source: A,
+        transform1: T1,
+        destination: B,
+        options?: PipelineOptions
+    ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+    function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+        T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+        T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+        B extends PipelineDestination<T2, any>>(
+        source: A,
+        transform1: T1,
+        transform2: T2,
+        destination: B,
+        options?: PipelineOptions
+    ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+    function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+        T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+        T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+        T3 extends PipelineTransform<T2, any>,
+        B extends PipelineDestination<T3, any>>(
+        source: A,
+        transform1: T1,
+        transform2: T2,
+        transform3: T3,
+        destination: B,
+        options?: PipelineOptions
+    ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+    function pipeline<A extends PipelineSource<any>,
+        T1 extends PipelineTransform<A, any>,
+        T2 extends PipelineTransform<T1, any>,
+        T3 extends PipelineTransform<T2, any>,
+        T4 extends PipelineTransform<T3, any>,
+        B extends PipelineDestination<T4, any>>(
+        source: A,
+        transform1: T1,
+        transform2: T2,
+        transform3: T3,
+        transform4: T4,
+        destination: B,
+        options?: PipelineOptions
+    ): PipelinePromise<B>;
+
+    function pipeline(
+        streams: ReadonlyArray<NodeJS.ReadableStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | NodeJS.ReadWriteStream>,
+        options?: PipelineOptions
+    ): Promise<void>;
+    function pipeline(
+        stream1: NodeJS.ReadableStream,
+        stream2: NodeJS.ReadWriteStream | NodeJS.WritableStream,
+        ...streams: Array<NodeJS.ReadWriteStream | NodeJS.WritableStream | PipelineOptions>,
+    ): Promise<void>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/string_decoder.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/string_decoder.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7ace1c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/string_decoder.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+declare module 'string_decoder' {
+    class StringDecoder {
+        constructor(encoding?: BufferEncoding);
+        write(buffer: Buffer): string;
+        end(buffer?: Buffer): string;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/timers.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/timers.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0a933b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/timers.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+declare module 'timers' {
+    import { Abortable } from 'events';
+
+    interface TimerOptions extends Abortable {
+        /**
+         * Set to `false` to indicate that the scheduled `Timeout`
+         * should not require the Node.js event loop to remain active.
+         * @default true
+         */
+        ref?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    function setTimeout(callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ms?: number, ...args: any[]): NodeJS.Timeout;
+    namespace setTimeout {
+        function __promisify__(ms: number): Promise<void>;
+        function __promisify__<T>(ms: number, value: T, options?: TimerOptions): Promise<T>;
+    }
+    function clearTimeout(timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout): void;
+    function setInterval(callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ms?: number, ...args: any[]): NodeJS.Timeout;
+    function clearInterval(intervalId: NodeJS.Timeout): void;
+    function setImmediate(callback: (...args: any[]) => void, ...args: any[]): NodeJS.Immediate;
+    namespace setImmediate {
+        function __promisify__(): Promise<void>;
+        function __promisify__<T>(value: T, options?: TimerOptions): Promise<T>;
+    }
+    function clearImmediate(immediateId: NodeJS.Immediate): void;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/timers/promises.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/timers/promises.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbd4c991f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/timers/promises.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+declare module 'timers/promises' {
+    import { TimerOptions } from 'timers';
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a promise that resolves after the specified delay in milliseconds.
+     * @param delay defaults to 1
+     */
+    function setTimeout<T = void>(delay?: number, value?: T, options?: TimerOptions): Promise<T>;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a promise that resolves in the next tick.
+     */
+    function setImmediate<T = void>(value?: T, options?: TimerOptions): Promise<T>;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * Returns an async iterator that generates values in an interval of delay ms.
+     * @param delay defaults to 1
+     */
+    function setInterval<T = void>(delay?: number, value?: T, options?: TimerOptions): AsyncIterable<T>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/tls.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/tls.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a0647ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/tls.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+declare module 'tls' {
+    import { X509Certificate } from 'crypto';
+    import * as net from 'net';
+
+    const CLIENT_RENEG_LIMIT: number;
+    const CLIENT_RENEG_WINDOW: number;
+
+    interface Certificate {
+        /**
+         * Country code.
+         */
+        C: string;
+        /**
+         * Street.
+         */
+        ST: string;
+        /**
+         * Locality.
+         */
+        L: string;
+        /**
+         * Organization.
+         */
+        O: string;
+        /**
+         * Organizational unit.
+         */
+        OU: string;
+        /**
+         * Common name.
+         */
+        CN: string;
+    }
+
+    interface PeerCertificate {
+        subject: Certificate;
+        issuer: Certificate;
+        subjectaltname: string;
+        infoAccess: NodeJS.Dict<string[]>;
+        modulus: string;
+        exponent: string;
+        valid_from: string;
+        valid_to: string;
+        fingerprint: string;
+        fingerprint256: string;
+        ext_key_usage: string[];
+        serialNumber: string;
+        raw: Buffer;
+    }
+
+    interface DetailedPeerCertificate extends PeerCertificate {
+        issuerCertificate: DetailedPeerCertificate;
+    }
+
+    interface CipherNameAndProtocol {
+        /**
+         * The cipher name.
+         */
+        name: string;
+        /**
+         * SSL/TLS protocol version.
+         */
+        version: string;
+
+        /**
+         * IETF name for the cipher suite.
+         */
+        standardName: string;
+    }
+
+    interface EphemeralKeyInfo {
+        /**
+         * The supported types are 'DH' and 'ECDH'.
+         */
+        type: string;
+        /**
+         * The name property is available only when type is 'ECDH'.
+         */
+        name?: string;
+        /**
+         * The size of parameter of an ephemeral key exchange.
+         */
+        size: number;
+    }
+
+    interface KeyObject {
+        /**
+         * Private keys in PEM format.
+         */
+        pem: string | Buffer;
+        /**
+         * Optional passphrase.
+         */
+        passphrase?: string;
+    }
+
+    interface PxfObject {
+        /**
+         * PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
+         */
+        buf: string | Buffer;
+        /**
+         * Optional passphrase.
+         */
+        passphrase?: string;
+    }
+
+    interface TLSSocketOptions extends SecureContextOptions, CommonConnectionOptions {
+        /**
+         * If true the TLS socket will be instantiated in server-mode.
+         * Defaults to false.
+         */
+        isServer?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * An optional net.Server instance.
+         */
+        server?: net.Server;
+
+        /**
+         * An optional Buffer instance containing a TLS session.
+         */
+        session?: Buffer;
+        /**
+         * If true, specifies that the OCSP status request extension will be
+         * added to the client hello and an 'OCSPResponse' event will be
+         * emitted on the socket before establishing a secure communication
+         */
+        requestOCSP?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    class TLSSocket extends net.Socket {
+        /**
+         * Construct a new tls.TLSSocket object from an existing TCP socket.
+         */
+        constructor(socket: net.Socket, options?: TLSSocketOptions);
+
+        /**
+         * A boolean that is true if the peer certificate was signed by one of the specified CAs, otherwise false.
+         */
+        authorized: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The reason why the peer's certificate has not been verified.
+         * This property becomes available only when tlsSocket.authorized === false.
+         */
+        authorizationError: Error;
+        /**
+         * Static boolean value, always true.
+         * May be used to distinguish TLS sockets from regular ones.
+         */
+        encrypted: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * String containing the selected ALPN protocol.
+         * When ALPN has no selected protocol, tlsSocket.alpnProtocol equals false.
+         */
+        alpnProtocol?: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an object representing the local certificate. The returned
+         * object has some properties corresponding to the fields of the
+         * certificate.
+         *
+         * See tls.TLSSocket.getPeerCertificate() for an example of the
+         * certificate structure.
+         *
+         * If there is no local certificate, an empty object will be returned.
+         * If the socket has been destroyed, null will be returned.
+         */
+        getCertificate(): PeerCertificate | object | null;
+        /**
+         * Returns an object representing the cipher name and the SSL/TLS protocol version of the current connection.
+         * @returns Returns an object representing the cipher name
+         * and the SSL/TLS protocol version of the current connection.
+         */
+        getCipher(): CipherNameAndProtocol;
+        /**
+         * Returns an object representing the type, name, and size of parameter
+         * of an ephemeral key exchange in Perfect Forward Secrecy on a client
+         * connection. It returns an empty object when the key exchange is not
+         * ephemeral. As this is only supported on a client socket; null is
+         * returned if called on a server socket. The supported types are 'DH'
+         * and 'ECDH'. The name property is available only when type is 'ECDH'.
+         *
+         * For example: { type: 'ECDH', name: 'prime256v1', size: 256 }.
+         */
+        getEphemeralKeyInfo(): EphemeralKeyInfo | object | null;
+        /**
+         * Returns the latest Finished message that has
+         * been sent to the socket as part of a SSL/TLS handshake, or undefined
+         * if no Finished message has been sent yet.
+         *
+         * As the Finished messages are message digests of the complete
+         * handshake (with a total of 192 bits for TLS 1.0 and more for SSL
+         * 3.0), they can be used for external authentication procedures when
+         * the authentication provided by SSL/TLS is not desired or is not
+         * enough.
+         *
+         * Corresponds to the SSL_get_finished routine in OpenSSL and may be
+         * used to implement the tls-unique channel binding from RFC 5929.
+         */
+        getFinished(): Buffer | undefined;
+        /**
+         * Returns an object representing the peer's certificate.
+         * The returned object has some properties corresponding to the field of the certificate.
+         * If detailed argument is true the full chain with issuer property will be returned,
+         * if false only the top certificate without issuer property.
+         * If the peer does not provide a certificate, it returns null or an empty object.
+         * @param detailed - If true; the full chain with issuer property will be returned.
+         * @returns An object representing the peer's certificate.
+         */
+        getPeerCertificate(detailed: true): DetailedPeerCertificate;
+        getPeerCertificate(detailed?: false): PeerCertificate;
+        getPeerCertificate(detailed?: boolean): PeerCertificate | DetailedPeerCertificate;
+        /**
+         * Returns the latest Finished message that is expected or has actually
+         * been received from the socket as part of a SSL/TLS handshake, or
+         * undefined if there is no Finished message so far.
+         *
+         * As the Finished messages are message digests of the complete
+         * handshake (with a total of 192 bits for TLS 1.0 and more for SSL
+         * 3.0), they can be used for external authentication procedures when
+         * the authentication provided by SSL/TLS is not desired or is not
+         * enough.
+         *
+         * Corresponds to the SSL_get_peer_finished routine in OpenSSL and may
+         * be used to implement the tls-unique channel binding from RFC 5929.
+         */
+        getPeerFinished(): Buffer | undefined;
+        /**
+         * Returns a string containing the negotiated SSL/TLS protocol version of the current connection.
+         * The value `'unknown'` will be returned for connected sockets that have not completed the handshaking process.
+         * The value `null` will be returned for server sockets or disconnected client sockets.
+         * See https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/ssl/SSL_get_version.html for more information.
+         * @returns negotiated SSL/TLS protocol version of the current connection
+         */
+        getProtocol(): string | null;
+        /**
+         * Could be used to speed up handshake establishment when reconnecting to the server.
+         * @returns ASN.1 encoded TLS session or undefined if none was negotiated.
+         */
+        getSession(): Buffer | undefined;
+        /**
+         * Returns a list of signature algorithms shared between the server and
+         * the client in the order of decreasing preference.
+         */
+        getSharedSigalgs(): string[];
+        /**
+         * NOTE: Works only with client TLS sockets.
+         * Useful only for debugging, for session reuse provide session option to tls.connect().
+         * @returns TLS session ticket or undefined if none was negotiated.
+         */
+        getTLSTicket(): Buffer | undefined;
+        /**
+         * Returns true if the session was reused, false otherwise.
+         */
+        isSessionReused(): boolean;
+        /**
+         * Initiate TLS renegotiation process.
+         *
+         * NOTE: Can be used to request peer's certificate after the secure connection has been established.
+         * ANOTHER NOTE: When running as the server, socket will be destroyed with an error after handshakeTimeout timeout.
+         * @param options - The options may contain the following fields: rejectUnauthorized,
+         * requestCert (See tls.createServer() for details).
+         * @param callback - callback(err) will be executed with null as err, once the renegotiation
+         * is successfully completed.
+         * @return `undefined` when socket is destroy, `false` if negotiaion can't be initiated.
+         */
+        renegotiate(options: { rejectUnauthorized?: boolean, requestCert?: boolean }, callback: (err: Error | null) => void): undefined | boolean;
+        /**
+         * Set maximum TLS fragment size (default and maximum value is: 16384, minimum is: 512).
+         * Smaller fragment size decreases buffering latency on the client: large fragments are buffered by
+         * the TLS layer until the entire fragment is received and its integrity is verified;
+         * large fragments can span multiple roundtrips, and their processing can be delayed due to packet
+         * loss or reordering. However, smaller fragments add extra TLS framing bytes and CPU overhead,
+         * which may decrease overall server throughput.
+         * @param size - TLS fragment size (default and maximum value is: 16384, minimum is: 512).
+         * @returns Returns true on success, false otherwise.
+         */
+        setMaxSendFragment(size: number): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Disables TLS renegotiation for this TLSSocket instance. Once called,
+         * attempts to renegotiate will trigger an 'error' event on the
+         * TLSSocket.
+         */
+        disableRenegotiation(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * When enabled, TLS packet trace information is written to `stderr`. This can be
+         * used to debug TLS connection problems.
+         *
+         * Note: The format of the output is identical to the output of `openssl s_client
+         * -trace` or `openssl s_server -trace`. While it is produced by OpenSSL's
+         * `SSL_trace()` function, the format is undocumented, can change without notice,
+         * and should not be relied on.
+         */
+        enableTrace(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * If there is no peer certificate, or the socket has been destroyed, `undefined` will be returned.
+         */
+        getPeerX509Certificate(): X509Certificate | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * If there is no local certificate, or the socket has been destroyed, `undefined` will be returned.
+         */
+        getX509Certificate(): X509Certificate | undefined;
+
+        /**
+         * @param length number of bytes to retrieve from keying material
+         * @param label an application specific label, typically this will be a value from the
+         * [IANA Exporter Label Registry](https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xhtml#exporter-labels).
+         * @param context optionally provide a context.
+         */
+        exportKeyingMaterial(length: number, label: string, context: Buffer): Buffer;
+
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "OCSPResponse", listener: (response: Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "secureConnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "session", listener: (session: Buffer) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "OCSPResponse", response: Buffer): boolean;
+        emit(event: "secureConnect"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "session", session: Buffer): boolean;
+        emit(event: "keylog", line: Buffer): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "OCSPResponse", listener: (response: Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: "secureConnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "session", listener: (session: Buffer) => void): this;
+        on(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "OCSPResponse", listener: (response: Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: "secureConnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "session", listener: (session: Buffer) => void): this;
+        once(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "OCSPResponse", listener: (response: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "secureConnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "session", listener: (session: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "OCSPResponse", listener: (response: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "secureConnect", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "session", listener: (session: Buffer) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    interface CommonConnectionOptions {
+        /**
+         * An optional TLS context object from tls.createSecureContext()
+         */
+        secureContext?: SecureContext;
+
+        /**
+         * When enabled, TLS packet trace information is written to `stderr`. This can be
+         * used to debug TLS connection problems.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        enableTrace?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * If true the server will request a certificate from clients that
+         * connect and attempt to verify that certificate. Defaults to
+         * false.
+         */
+        requestCert?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * An array of strings or a Buffer naming possible ALPN protocols.
+         * (Protocols should be ordered by their priority.)
+         */
+        ALPNProtocols?: string[] | Uint8Array[] | Uint8Array;
+        /**
+         * SNICallback(servername, cb) <Function> A function that will be
+         * called if the client supports SNI TLS extension. Two arguments
+         * will be passed when called: servername and cb. SNICallback should
+         * invoke cb(null, ctx), where ctx is a SecureContext instance.
+         * (tls.createSecureContext(...) can be used to get a proper
+         * SecureContext.) If SNICallback wasn't provided the default callback
+         * with high-level API will be used (see below).
+         */
+        SNICallback?: (servername: string, cb: (err: Error | null, ctx: SecureContext) => void) => void;
+        /**
+         * If true the server will reject any connection which is not
+         * authorized with the list of supplied CAs. This option only has an
+         * effect if requestCert is true.
+         * @default true
+         */
+        rejectUnauthorized?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface TlsOptions extends SecureContextOptions, CommonConnectionOptions, net.ServerOpts {
+        /**
+         * Abort the connection if the SSL/TLS handshake does not finish in the
+         * specified number of milliseconds. A 'tlsClientError' is emitted on
+         * the tls.Server object whenever a handshake times out. Default:
+         * 120000 (120 seconds).
+         */
+        handshakeTimeout?: number;
+        /**
+         * The number of seconds after which a TLS session created by the
+         * server will no longer be resumable. See Session Resumption for more
+         * information. Default: 300.
+         */
+        sessionTimeout?: number;
+        /**
+         * 48-bytes of cryptographically strong pseudo-random data.
+         */
+        ticketKeys?: Buffer;
+
+        /**
+         *
+         * @param socket
+         * @param identity identity parameter sent from the client.
+         * @return pre-shared key that must either be
+         * a buffer or `null` to stop the negotiation process. Returned PSK must be
+         * compatible with the selected cipher's digest.
+         *
+         * When negotiating TLS-PSK (pre-shared keys), this function is called
+         * with the identity provided by the client.
+         * If the return value is `null` the negotiation process will stop and an
+         * "unknown_psk_identity" alert message will be sent to the other party.
+         * If the server wishes to hide the fact that the PSK identity was not known,
+         * the callback must provide some random data as `psk` to make the connection
+         * fail with "decrypt_error" before negotiation is finished.
+         * PSK ciphers are disabled by default, and using TLS-PSK thus
+         * requires explicitly specifying a cipher suite with the `ciphers` option.
+         * More information can be found in the RFC 4279.
+         */
+
+        pskCallback?(socket: TLSSocket, identity: string): DataView | NodeJS.TypedArray | null;
+        /**
+         * hint to send to a client to help
+         * with selecting the identity during TLS-PSK negotiation. Will be ignored
+         * in TLS 1.3. Upon failing to set pskIdentityHint `tlsClientError` will be
+         * emitted with `ERR_TLS_PSK_SET_IDENTIY_HINT_FAILED` code.
+         */
+        pskIdentityHint?: string;
+    }
+
+    interface PSKCallbackNegotation {
+        psk: DataView | NodeJS.TypedArray;
+        identity: string;
+    }
+
+    interface ConnectionOptions extends SecureContextOptions, CommonConnectionOptions {
+        host?: string;
+        port?: number;
+        path?: string; // Creates unix socket connection to path. If this option is specified, `host` and `port` are ignored.
+        socket?: net.Socket; // Establish secure connection on a given socket rather than creating a new socket
+        checkServerIdentity?: typeof checkServerIdentity;
+        servername?: string; // SNI TLS Extension
+        session?: Buffer;
+        minDHSize?: number;
+        lookup?: net.LookupFunction;
+        timeout?: number;
+        /**
+         * When negotiating TLS-PSK (pre-shared keys), this function is called
+         * with optional identity `hint` provided by the server or `null`
+         * in case of TLS 1.3 where `hint` was removed.
+         * It will be necessary to provide a custom `tls.checkServerIdentity()`
+         * for the connection as the default one will try to check hostname/IP
+         * of the server against the certificate but that's not applicable for PSK
+         * because there won't be a certificate present.
+         * More information can be found in the RFC 4279.
+         *
+         * @param hint message sent from the server to help client
+         * decide which identity to use during negotiation.
+         * Always `null` if TLS 1.3 is used.
+         * @returns Return `null` to stop the negotiation process. `psk` must be
+         * compatible with the selected cipher's digest.
+         * `identity` must use UTF-8 encoding.
+         */
+        pskCallback?(hint: string | null): PSKCallbackNegotation | null;
+    }
+
+    class Server extends net.Server {
+        constructor(secureConnectionListener?: (socket: TLSSocket) => void);
+        constructor(options: TlsOptions, secureConnectionListener?: (socket: TLSSocket) => void);
+
+        /**
+         * The server.addContext() method adds a secure context that will be
+         * used if the client request's SNI name matches the supplied hostname
+         * (or wildcard).
+         */
+        addContext(hostName: string, credentials: SecureContextOptions): void;
+        /**
+         * Returns the session ticket keys.
+         */
+        getTicketKeys(): Buffer;
+        /**
+         *
+         * The server.setSecureContext() method replaces the
+         * secure context of an existing server. Existing connections to the
+         * server are not interrupted.
+         */
+        setSecureContext(details: SecureContextOptions): void;
+        /**
+         * The server.setSecureContext() method replaces the secure context of
+         * an existing server. Existing connections to the server are not
+         * interrupted.
+         */
+        setTicketKeys(keys: Buffer): void;
+
+        /**
+         * events.EventEmitter
+         * 1. tlsClientError
+         * 2. newSession
+         * 3. OCSPRequest
+         * 4. resumeSession
+         * 5. secureConnection
+         * 6. keylog
+         */
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "tlsClientError", listener: (err: Error, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "newSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, sessionData: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "OCSPRequest", listener: (certificate: Buffer, issuer: Buffer, callback: (err: Error | null, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "resumeSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, sessionData: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "secureConnection", listener: (tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "tlsClientError", err: Error, tlsSocket: TLSSocket): boolean;
+        emit(event: "newSession", sessionId: Buffer, sessionData: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, resp: Buffer) => void): boolean;
+        emit(event: "OCSPRequest", certificate: Buffer, issuer: Buffer, callback: (err: Error | null, resp: Buffer) => void): boolean;
+        emit(event: "resumeSession", sessionId: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, sessionData: Buffer) => void): boolean;
+        emit(event: "secureConnection", tlsSocket: TLSSocket): boolean;
+        emit(event: "keylog", line: Buffer, tlsSocket: TLSSocket): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "tlsClientError", listener: (err: Error, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        on(event: "newSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, sessionData: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        on(event: "OCSPRequest", listener: (certificate: Buffer, issuer: Buffer, callback: (err: Error | null, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        on(event: "resumeSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, sessionData: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        on(event: "secureConnection", listener: (tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        on(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "tlsClientError", listener: (err: Error, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        once(event: "newSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, sessionData: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        once(event: "OCSPRequest", listener: (certificate: Buffer, issuer: Buffer, callback: (err: Error | null, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        once(event: "resumeSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, sessionData: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        once(event: "secureConnection", listener: (tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        once(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "tlsClientError", listener: (err: Error, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "newSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, sessionData: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "OCSPRequest", listener: (certificate: Buffer, issuer: Buffer, callback: (err: Error | null, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "resumeSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, sessionData: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "secureConnection", listener: (tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "tlsClientError", listener: (err: Error, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "newSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, sessionData: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "OCSPRequest", listener: (certificate: Buffer, issuer: Buffer, callback: (err: Error | null, resp: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "resumeSession", listener: (sessionId: Buffer, callback: (err: Error, sessionData: Buffer) => void) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "secureConnection", listener: (tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "keylog", listener: (line: Buffer, tlsSocket: TLSSocket) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v0.11.3 Use `tls.TLSSocket` instead.
+     */
+    interface SecurePair {
+        encrypted: TLSSocket;
+        cleartext: TLSSocket;
+    }
+
+    type SecureVersion = 'TLSv1.3' | 'TLSv1.2' | 'TLSv1.1' | 'TLSv1';
+
+    interface SecureContextOptions {
+        /**
+         * Optionally override the trusted CA certificates. Default is to trust
+         * the well-known CAs curated by Mozilla. Mozilla's CAs are completely
+         * replaced when CAs are explicitly specified using this option.
+         */
+        ca?: string | Buffer | Array<string | Buffer>;
+        /**
+         *  Cert chains in PEM format. One cert chain should be provided per
+         *  private key. Each cert chain should consist of the PEM formatted
+         *  certificate for a provided private key, followed by the PEM
+         *  formatted intermediate certificates (if any), in order, and not
+         *  including the root CA (the root CA must be pre-known to the peer,
+         *  see ca). When providing multiple cert chains, they do not have to
+         *  be in the same order as their private keys in key. If the
+         *  intermediate certificates are not provided, the peer will not be
+         *  able to validate the certificate, and the handshake will fail.
+         */
+        cert?: string | Buffer | Array<string | Buffer>;
+        /**
+         *  Colon-separated list of supported signature algorithms. The list
+         *  can contain digest algorithms (SHA256, MD5 etc.), public key
+         *  algorithms (RSA-PSS, ECDSA etc.), combination of both (e.g
+         *  'RSA+SHA384') or TLS v1.3 scheme names (e.g. rsa_pss_pss_sha512).
+         */
+        sigalgs?: string;
+        /**
+         * Cipher suite specification, replacing the default. For more
+         * information, see modifying the default cipher suite. Permitted
+         * ciphers can be obtained via tls.getCiphers(). Cipher names must be
+         * uppercased in order for OpenSSL to accept them.
+         */
+        ciphers?: string;
+        /**
+         * Name of an OpenSSL engine which can provide the client certificate.
+         */
+        clientCertEngine?: string;
+        /**
+         * PEM formatted CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists).
+         */
+        crl?: string | Buffer | Array<string | Buffer>;
+        /**
+         * Diffie Hellman parameters, required for Perfect Forward Secrecy. Use
+         * openssl dhparam to create the parameters. The key length must be
+         * greater than or equal to 1024 bits or else an error will be thrown.
+         * Although 1024 bits is permissible, use 2048 bits or larger for
+         * stronger security. If omitted or invalid, the parameters are
+         * silently discarded and DHE ciphers will not be available.
+         */
+        dhparam?: string | Buffer;
+        /**
+         * A string describing a named curve or a colon separated list of curve
+         * NIDs or names, for example P-521:P-384:P-256, to use for ECDH key
+         * agreement. Set to auto to select the curve automatically. Use
+         * crypto.getCurves() to obtain a list of available curve names. On
+         * recent releases, openssl ecparam -list_curves will also display the
+         * name and description of each available elliptic curve. Default:
+         * tls.DEFAULT_ECDH_CURVE.
+         */
+        ecdhCurve?: string;
+        /**
+         * Attempt to use the server's cipher suite preferences instead of the
+         * client's. When true, causes SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE to be
+         * set in secureOptions
+         */
+        honorCipherOrder?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * Private keys in PEM format. PEM allows the option of private keys
+         * being encrypted. Encrypted keys will be decrypted with
+         * options.passphrase. Multiple keys using different algorithms can be
+         * provided either as an array of unencrypted key strings or buffers,
+         * or an array of objects in the form {pem: <string|buffer>[,
+         * passphrase: <string>]}. The object form can only occur in an array.
+         * object.passphrase is optional. Encrypted keys will be decrypted with
+         * object.passphrase if provided, or options.passphrase if it is not.
+         */
+        key?: string | Buffer | Array<Buffer | KeyObject>;
+        /**
+         * Name of an OpenSSL engine to get private key from. Should be used
+         * together with privateKeyIdentifier.
+         */
+        privateKeyEngine?: string;
+        /**
+         * Identifier of a private key managed by an OpenSSL engine. Should be
+         * used together with privateKeyEngine. Should not be set together with
+         * key, because both options define a private key in different ways.
+         */
+        privateKeyIdentifier?: string;
+        /**
+         * Optionally set the maximum TLS version to allow. One
+         * of `'TLSv1.3'`, `'TLSv1.2'`, `'TLSv1.1'`, or `'TLSv1'`. Cannot be specified along with the
+         * `secureProtocol` option, use one or the other.
+         * **Default:** `'TLSv1.3'`, unless changed using CLI options. Using
+         * `--tls-max-v1.2` sets the default to `'TLSv1.2'`. Using `--tls-max-v1.3` sets the default to
+         * `'TLSv1.3'`. If multiple of the options are provided, the highest maximum is used.
+         */
+        maxVersion?: SecureVersion;
+        /**
+         * Optionally set the minimum TLS version to allow. One
+         * of `'TLSv1.3'`, `'TLSv1.2'`, `'TLSv1.1'`, or `'TLSv1'`. Cannot be specified along with the
+         * `secureProtocol` option, use one or the other.  It is not recommended to use
+         * less than TLSv1.2, but it may be required for interoperability.
+         * **Default:** `'TLSv1.2'`, unless changed using CLI options. Using
+         * `--tls-v1.0` sets the default to `'TLSv1'`. Using `--tls-v1.1` sets the default to
+         * `'TLSv1.1'`. Using `--tls-min-v1.3` sets the default to
+         * 'TLSv1.3'. If multiple of the options are provided, the lowest minimum is used.
+         */
+        minVersion?: SecureVersion;
+        /**
+         * Shared passphrase used for a single private key and/or a PFX.
+         */
+        passphrase?: string;
+        /**
+         * PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain. pfx is an
+         * alternative to providing key and cert individually. PFX is usually
+         * encrypted, if it is, passphrase will be used to decrypt it. Multiple
+         * PFX can be provided either as an array of unencrypted PFX buffers,
+         * or an array of objects in the form {buf: <string|buffer>[,
+         * passphrase: <string>]}. The object form can only occur in an array.
+         * object.passphrase is optional. Encrypted PFX will be decrypted with
+         * object.passphrase if provided, or options.passphrase if it is not.
+         */
+        pfx?: string | Buffer | Array<string | Buffer | PxfObject>;
+        /**
+         * Optionally affect the OpenSSL protocol behavior, which is not
+         * usually necessary. This should be used carefully if at all! Value is
+         * a numeric bitmask of the SSL_OP_* options from OpenSSL Options
+         */
+        secureOptions?: number; // Value is a numeric bitmask of the `SSL_OP_*` options
+        /**
+         * Legacy mechanism to select the TLS protocol version to use, it does
+         * not support independent control of the minimum and maximum version,
+         * and does not support limiting the protocol to TLSv1.3. Use
+         * minVersion and maxVersion instead. The possible values are listed as
+         * SSL_METHODS, use the function names as strings. For example, use
+         * 'TLSv1_1_method' to force TLS version 1.1, or 'TLS_method' to allow
+         * any TLS protocol version up to TLSv1.3. It is not recommended to use
+         * TLS versions less than 1.2, but it may be required for
+         * interoperability. Default: none, see minVersion.
+         */
+        secureProtocol?: string;
+        /**
+         * Opaque identifier used by servers to ensure session state is not
+         * shared between applications. Unused by clients.
+         */
+        sessionIdContext?: string;
+        /**
+         * 48-bytes of cryptographically strong pseudo-random data.
+         * See Session Resumption for more information.
+         */
+        ticketKeys?: Buffer;
+        /**
+         * The number of seconds after which a TLS session created by the
+         * server will no longer be resumable. See Session Resumption for more
+         * information. Default: 300.
+         */
+        sessionTimeout?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface SecureContext {
+        context: any;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Verifies the certificate `cert` is issued to host `host`.
+     * @host The hostname to verify the certificate against
+     * @cert PeerCertificate representing the peer's certificate
+     *
+     * Returns Error object, populating it with the reason, host and cert on failure.  On success, returns undefined.
+     */
+    function checkServerIdentity(host: string, cert: PeerCertificate): Error | undefined;
+    function createServer(secureConnectionListener?: (socket: TLSSocket) => void): Server;
+    function createServer(options: TlsOptions, secureConnectionListener?: (socket: TLSSocket) => void): Server;
+    function connect(options: ConnectionOptions, secureConnectListener?: () => void): TLSSocket;
+    function connect(port: number, host?: string, options?: ConnectionOptions, secureConnectListener?: () => void): TLSSocket;
+    function connect(port: number, options?: ConnectionOptions, secureConnectListener?: () => void): TLSSocket;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated since v0.11.3 Use `tls.TLSSocket` instead.
+     */
+    function createSecurePair(credentials?: SecureContext, isServer?: boolean, requestCert?: boolean, rejectUnauthorized?: boolean): SecurePair;
+    function createSecureContext(options?: SecureContextOptions): SecureContext;
+    function getCiphers(): string[];
+
+    /**
+     * The default curve name to use for ECDH key agreement in a tls server.
+     * The default value is 'auto'. See tls.createSecureContext() for further
+     * information.
+     */
+    let DEFAULT_ECDH_CURVE: string;
+    /**
+     * The default value of the maxVersion option of
+     * tls.createSecureContext(). It can be assigned any of the supported TLS
+     * protocol versions, 'TLSv1.3', 'TLSv1.2', 'TLSv1.1', or 'TLSv1'. Default:
+     * 'TLSv1.3', unless changed using CLI options. Using --tls-max-v1.2 sets
+     * the default to 'TLSv1.2'. Using --tls-max-v1.3 sets the default to
+     * 'TLSv1.3'. If multiple of the options are provided, the highest maximum
+     * is used.
+     */
+    let DEFAULT_MAX_VERSION: SecureVersion;
+    /**
+     * The default value of the minVersion option of tls.createSecureContext().
+     * It can be assigned any of the supported TLS protocol versions,
+     * 'TLSv1.3', 'TLSv1.2', 'TLSv1.1', or 'TLSv1'. Default: 'TLSv1.2', unless
+     * changed using CLI options. Using --tls-min-v1.0 sets the default to
+     * 'TLSv1'. Using --tls-min-v1.1 sets the default to 'TLSv1.1'. Using
+     * --tls-min-v1.3 sets the default to 'TLSv1.3'. If multiple of the options
+     * are provided, the lowest minimum is used.
+     */
+    let DEFAULT_MIN_VERSION: SecureVersion;
+
+    /**
+     * An immutable array of strings representing the root certificates (in PEM
+     * format) used for verifying peer certificates. This is the default value
+     * of the ca option to tls.createSecureContext().
+     */
+    const rootCertificates: ReadonlyArray<string>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/trace_events.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/trace_events.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bf653458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/trace_events.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+declare module 'trace_events' {
+    /**
+     * The `Tracing` object is used to enable or disable tracing for sets of
+     * categories. Instances are created using the
+     * `trace_events.createTracing()` method.
+     *
+     * When created, the `Tracing` object is disabled. Calling the
+     * `tracing.enable()` method adds the categories to the set of enabled trace
+     * event categories. Calling `tracing.disable()` will remove the categories
+     * from the set of enabled trace event categories.
+     */
+    interface Tracing {
+        /**
+         * A comma-separated list of the trace event categories covered by this
+         * `Tracing` object.
+         */
+        readonly categories: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Disables this `Tracing` object.
+         *
+         * Only trace event categories _not_ covered by other enabled `Tracing`
+         * objects and _not_ specified by the `--trace-event-categories` flag
+         * will be disabled.
+         */
+        disable(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Enables this `Tracing` object for the set of categories covered by
+         * the `Tracing` object.
+         */
+        enable(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * `true` only if the `Tracing` object has been enabled.
+         */
+        readonly enabled: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface CreateTracingOptions {
+        /**
+         * An array of trace category names. Values included in the array are
+         * coerced to a string when possible. An error will be thrown if the
+         * value cannot be coerced.
+         */
+        categories: string[];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates and returns a Tracing object for the given set of categories.
+     */
+    function createTracing(options: CreateTracingOptions): Tracing;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a comma-separated list of all currently-enabled trace event
+     * categories. The current set of enabled trace event categories is
+     * determined by the union of all currently-enabled `Tracing` objects and
+     * any categories enabled using the `--trace-event-categories` flag.
+     */
+    function getEnabledCategories(): string | undefined;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/assert.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/assert.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37e24f5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/assert.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+declare module 'assert' {
+    /** An alias of `assert.ok()`. */
+    function assert(value: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+    namespace assert {
+        class AssertionError extends Error {
+            actual: any;
+            expected: any;
+            operator: string;
+            generatedMessage: boolean;
+            code: 'ERR_ASSERTION';
+
+            constructor(options?: {
+                /** If provided, the error message is set to this value. */
+                message?: string;
+                /** The `actual` property on the error instance. */
+                actual?: any;
+                /** The `expected` property on the error instance. */
+                expected?: any;
+                /** The `operator` property on the error instance. */
+                operator?: string;
+                /** If provided, the generated stack trace omits frames before this function. */
+                // tslint:disable-next-line:ban-types
+                stackStartFn?: Function;
+            });
+        }
+
+        class CallTracker {
+            calls(exact?: number): () => void;
+            calls<Func extends (...args: any[]) => any>(fn?: Func, exact?: number): Func;
+            report(): CallTrackerReportInformation[];
+            verify(): void;
+        }
+        interface CallTrackerReportInformation {
+            message: string;
+            /** The actual number of times the function was called. */
+            actual: number;
+            /** The number of times the function was expected to be called. */
+            expected: number;
+            /** The name of the function that is wrapped. */
+            operator: string;
+            /** A stack trace of the function. */
+            stack: object;
+        }
+
+        type AssertPredicate = RegExp | (new () => object) | ((thrown: any) => boolean) | object | Error;
+
+        function fail(message?: string | Error): never;
+        /** @deprecated since v10.0.0 - use fail([message]) or other assert functions instead. */
+        function fail(
+            actual: any,
+            expected: any,
+            message?: string | Error,
+            operator?: string,
+            // tslint:disable-next-line:ban-types
+            stackStartFn?: Function,
+        ): never;
+        function ok(value: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use strictEqual() instead. */
+        function equal(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use notStrictEqual() instead. */
+        function notEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use deepStrictEqual() instead. */
+        function deepEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        /** @deprecated since v9.9.0 - use notDeepStrictEqual() instead. */
+        function notDeepEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function strictEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function notStrictEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function deepStrictEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function notDeepStrictEqual(actual: any, expected: any, message?: string | Error): void;
+
+        function throws(block: () => any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function throws(block: () => any, error: AssertPredicate, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function doesNotThrow(block: () => any, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function doesNotThrow(block: () => any, error: AssertPredicate, message?: string | Error): void;
+
+        function ifError(value: any): void;
+
+        function rejects(block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>, message?: string | Error): Promise<void>;
+        function rejects(
+            block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>,
+            error: AssertPredicate,
+            message?: string | Error,
+        ): Promise<void>;
+        function doesNotReject(block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>, message?: string | Error): Promise<void>;
+        function doesNotReject(
+            block: (() => Promise<any>) | Promise<any>,
+            error: AssertPredicate,
+            message?: string | Error,
+        ): Promise<void>;
+
+        function match(value: string, regExp: RegExp, message?: string | Error): void;
+        function doesNotMatch(value: string, regExp: RegExp, message?: string | Error): void;
+
+        const strict: typeof assert;
+    }
+
+    export = assert;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/base.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/base.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c6709363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/base.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// NOTE: These definitions support NodeJS and TypeScript 3.6 and earlier.
+
+// NOTE: TypeScript version-specific augmentations can be found in the following paths:
+//          - ~/base.d.ts         - Shared definitions common to all TypeScript versions
+//          - ~/index.d.ts        - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.7 and above
+//          - ~/ts3.6/base.d.ts   - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.6 and earlier
+//          - ~/ts3.6/index.d.ts  - Definitions specific to TypeScript 3.6 and earlier with assert pulled in
+
+// Reference required types from the default lib:
+/// <reference lib="es2018" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.asynciterable" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.intl" />
+/// <reference lib="esnext.bigint" />
+
+// Base definitions for all NodeJS modules that are not specific to any version of TypeScript:
+/// <reference path="../assert/strict.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../globals.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../async_hooks.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../buffer.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../child_process.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../cluster.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../console.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../constants.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../crypto.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../dgram.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../diagnostic_channel.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../dns.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../dns/promises.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../dns/promises.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../domain.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../events.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../fs.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../fs/promises.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../http.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../http2.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../https.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../inspector.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../module.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../net.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../os.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../path.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../perf_hooks.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../process.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../punycode.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../querystring.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../readline.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../repl.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../stream.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../stream/promises.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../string_decoder.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../timers.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../timers/promises.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../tls.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../trace_events.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../tty.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../url.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../util.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../util/types.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../v8.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../vm.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../worker_threads.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../zlib.d.ts" />
+
+// TypeScript 3.6-specific augmentations:
+/// <reference path="../globals.global.d.ts" />
+
+// TypeScript 3.6-specific augmentations:
+/// <reference path="../wasi.d.ts" />
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a7d3603a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/ts3.6/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// NOTE: These definitions support NodeJS and TypeScript 3.6.
+// This is required to enable typing assert in ts3.7 without causing errors
+// Typically type modifications should be made in base.d.ts instead of here
+
+/// <reference path="base.d.ts" />
+
+/// <reference path="assert.d.ts" />
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/tty.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/tty.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..093552413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/tty.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+declare module 'tty' {
+    import * as net from 'net';
+
+    function isatty(fd: number): boolean;
+    class ReadStream extends net.Socket {
+        constructor(fd: number, options?: net.SocketConstructorOpts);
+        isRaw: boolean;
+        setRawMode(mode: boolean): this;
+        isTTY: boolean;
+    }
+    /**
+     * -1 - to the left from cursor
+     *  0 - the entire line
+     *  1 - to the right from cursor
+     */
+    type Direction = -1 | 0 | 1;
+    class WriteStream extends net.Socket {
+        constructor(fd: number);
+        addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "resize", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+        emit(event: "resize"): boolean;
+
+        on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        on(event: "resize", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        once(event: "resize", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "resize", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "resize", listener: () => void): this;
+
+        /**
+         * Clears the current line of this WriteStream in a direction identified by `dir`.
+         */
+        clearLine(dir: Direction, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+        /**
+         * Clears this `WriteStream` from the current cursor down.
+         */
+        clearScreenDown(callback?: () => void): boolean;
+        /**
+         * Moves this WriteStream's cursor to the specified position.
+         */
+        cursorTo(x: number, y?: number, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+        cursorTo(x: number, callback: () => void): boolean;
+        /**
+         * Moves this WriteStream's cursor relative to its current position.
+         */
+        moveCursor(dx: number, dy: number, callback?: () => void): boolean;
+        /**
+         * @default `process.env`
+         */
+        getColorDepth(env?: {}): number;
+        hasColors(depth?: number): boolean;
+        hasColors(env?: {}): boolean;
+        hasColors(depth: number, env?: {}): boolean;
+        getWindowSize(): [number, number];
+        columns: number;
+        rows: number;
+        isTTY: boolean;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/url.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/url.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8da6e533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/url.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+declare module 'url' {
+    import { ParsedUrlQuery, ParsedUrlQueryInput } from 'querystring';
+
+    // Input to `url.format`
+    interface UrlObject {
+        auth?: string | null;
+        hash?: string | null;
+        host?: string | null;
+        hostname?: string | null;
+        href?: string | null;
+        pathname?: string | null;
+        protocol?: string | null;
+        search?: string | null;
+        slashes?: boolean | null;
+        port?: string | number | null;
+        query?: string | null | ParsedUrlQueryInput;
+    }
+
+    // Output of `url.parse`
+    interface Url {
+        auth: string | null;
+        hash: string | null;
+        host: string | null;
+        hostname: string | null;
+        href: string;
+        path: string | null;
+        pathname: string | null;
+        protocol: string | null;
+        search: string | null;
+        slashes: boolean | null;
+        port: string | null;
+        query: string | null | ParsedUrlQuery;
+    }
+
+    interface UrlWithParsedQuery extends Url {
+        query: ParsedUrlQuery;
+    }
+
+    interface UrlWithStringQuery extends Url {
+        query: string | null;
+    }
+
+    /** @deprecated since v11.0.0 - Use the WHATWG URL API. */
+    function parse(urlStr: string): UrlWithStringQuery;
+    /** @deprecated since v11.0.0 - Use the WHATWG URL API. */
+    function parse(urlStr: string, parseQueryString: false | undefined, slashesDenoteHost?: boolean): UrlWithStringQuery;
+    /** @deprecated since v11.0.0 - Use the WHATWG URL API. */
+    function parse(urlStr: string, parseQueryString: true, slashesDenoteHost?: boolean): UrlWithParsedQuery;
+    /** @deprecated since v11.0.0 - Use the WHATWG URL API. */
+    function parse(urlStr: string, parseQueryString: boolean, slashesDenoteHost?: boolean): Url;
+
+    function format(URL: URL, options?: URLFormatOptions): string;
+    /** @deprecated since v11.0.0 - Use the WHATWG URL API. */
+    function format(urlObject: UrlObject | string): string;
+    /** @deprecated since v11.0.0 - Use the WHATWG URL API. */
+    function resolve(from: string, to: string): string;
+
+    function domainToASCII(domain: string): string;
+    function domainToUnicode(domain: string): string;
+
+    /**
+     * This function ensures the correct decodings of percent-encoded characters as
+     * well as ensuring a cross-platform valid absolute path string.
+     * @param url The file URL string or URL object to convert to a path.
+     */
+    function fileURLToPath(url: string | URL): string;
+
+    /**
+     * This function ensures that path is resolved absolutely, and that the URL
+     * control characters are correctly encoded when converting into a File URL.
+     * @param url The path to convert to a File URL.
+     */
+    function pathToFileURL(url: string): URL;
+
+    interface URLFormatOptions {
+        auth?: boolean;
+        fragment?: boolean;
+        search?: boolean;
+        unicode?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    class URL {
+        constructor(input: string, base?: string | URL);
+        hash: string;
+        host: string;
+        hostname: string;
+        href: string;
+        readonly origin: string;
+        password: string;
+        pathname: string;
+        port: string;
+        protocol: string;
+        search: string;
+        readonly searchParams: URLSearchParams;
+        username: string;
+        toString(): string;
+        toJSON(): string;
+    }
+
+    class URLSearchParams implements Iterable<[string, string]> {
+        constructor(init?: URLSearchParams | string | NodeJS.Dict<string | ReadonlyArray<string>> | Iterable<[string, string]> | ReadonlyArray<[string, string]>);
+        append(name: string, value: string): void;
+        delete(name: string): void;
+        entries(): IterableIterator<[string, string]>;
+        forEach(callback: (value: string, name: string, searchParams: this) => void): void;
+        get(name: string): string | null;
+        getAll(name: string): string[];
+        has(name: string): boolean;
+        keys(): IterableIterator<string>;
+        set(name: string, value: string): void;
+        sort(): void;
+        toString(): string;
+        values(): IterableIterator<string>;
+        [Symbol.iterator](): IterableIterator<[string, string]>;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/util.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/util.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1c0794fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/util.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+declare module 'util' {
+    import * as types from 'util/types';
+
+    export interface InspectOptions extends NodeJS.InspectOptions { }
+    export type Style = 'special' | 'number' | 'bigint' | 'boolean' | 'undefined' | 'null' | 'string' | 'symbol' | 'date' | 'regexp' | 'module';
+    export type CustomInspectFunction = (depth: number, options: InspectOptionsStylized) => string;
+    export interface InspectOptionsStylized extends InspectOptions {
+        stylize(text: string, styleType: Style): string;
+    }
+    export function format(format?: any, ...param: any[]): string;
+    export function formatWithOptions(inspectOptions: InspectOptions, format?: any, ...param: any[]): string;
+    /** @deprecated since v0.11.3 - use a third party module instead. */
+    export function log(string: string): void;
+    export function inspect(object: any, showHidden?: boolean, depth?: number | null, color?: boolean): string;
+    export function inspect(object: any, options: InspectOptions): string;
+    export namespace inspect {
+        let colors: NodeJS.Dict<[number, number]>;
+        let styles: {
+            [K in Style]: string
+        };
+        let defaultOptions: InspectOptions;
+        /**
+         * Allows changing inspect settings from the repl.
+         */
+        let replDefaults: InspectOptions;
+        const custom: unique symbol;
+    }
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `Array.isArray()` instead. */
+    export function isArray(object: any): object is any[];
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `util.types.isRegExp()` instead. */
+    export function isRegExp(object: any): object is RegExp;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `util.types.isDate()` instead. */
+    export function isDate(object: any): object is Date;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `util.types.isNativeError()` instead. */
+    export function isError(object: any): object is Error;
+    export function inherits(constructor: any, superConstructor: any): void;
+    export function debuglog(key: string): (msg: string, ...param: any[]) => void;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `typeof value === 'boolean'` instead. */
+    export function isBoolean(object: any): object is boolean;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `Buffer.isBuffer()` instead. */
+    export function isBuffer(object: any): object is Buffer;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `typeof value === 'function'` instead. */
+    export function isFunction(object: any): boolean;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `value === null` instead. */
+    export function isNull(object: any): object is null;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `value === null || value === undefined` instead. */
+    export function isNullOrUndefined(object: any): object is null | undefined;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `typeof value === 'number'` instead. */
+    export function isNumber(object: any): object is number;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `value !== null && typeof value === 'object'` instead. */
+    export function isObject(object: any): boolean;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `(typeof value !== 'object' && typeof value !== 'function') || value === null` instead. */
+    export function isPrimitive(object: any): boolean;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `typeof value === 'string'` instead. */
+    export function isString(object: any): object is string;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `typeof value === 'symbol'` instead. */
+    export function isSymbol(object: any): object is symbol;
+    /** @deprecated since v4.0.0 - use `value === undefined` instead. */
+    export function isUndefined(object: any): object is undefined;
+    export function deprecate<T extends Function>(fn: T, message: string, code?: string): T;
+    export function isDeepStrictEqual(val1: any, val2: any): boolean;
+
+    export function callbackify(fn: () => Promise<void>): (callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<TResult>(fn: () => Promise<TResult>): (callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1>(fn: (arg1: T1) => Promise<void>): (arg1: T1, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, TResult>(fn: (arg1: T1) => Promise<TResult>): (arg1: T1, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, T2>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2) => Promise<void>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, T2, TResult>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2) => Promise<TResult>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3) => Promise<void>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, TResult>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3) => Promise<TResult>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+        export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, T4>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4) => Promise<void>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+        export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, T4, TResult>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4) => Promise<TResult>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+        export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5) => Promise<void>): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+        export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, TResult>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5) => Promise<TResult>,
+    ): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, arg6: T6) => Promise<void>,
+    ): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, arg6: T6, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => void) => void;
+    export function callbackify<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, TResult>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, arg6: T6) => Promise<TResult>
+    ): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, arg6: T6, callback: (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException | null, result: TResult) => void) => void;
+
+    export interface CustomPromisifyLegacy<TCustom extends Function> extends Function {
+        __promisify__: TCustom;
+    }
+
+    export interface CustomPromisifySymbol<TCustom extends Function> extends Function {
+        [promisify.custom]: TCustom;
+    }
+
+    export type CustomPromisify<TCustom extends Function> = CustomPromisifySymbol<TCustom> | CustomPromisifyLegacy<TCustom>;
+
+    export function promisify<TCustom extends Function>(fn: CustomPromisify<TCustom>): TCustom;
+    export function promisify<TResult>(fn: (callback: (err: any, result: TResult) => void) => void): () => Promise<TResult>;
+    export function promisify(fn: (callback: (err?: any) => void) => void): () => Promise<void>;
+    export function promisify<T1, TResult>(fn: (arg1: T1, callback: (err: any, result: TResult) => void) => void): (arg1: T1) => Promise<TResult>;
+    export function promisify<T1>(fn: (arg1: T1, callback: (err?: any) => void) => void): (arg1: T1) => Promise<void>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2, TResult>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, callback: (err: any, result: TResult) => void) => void): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2) => Promise<TResult>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, callback: (err?: any) => void) => void): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2) => Promise<void>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2, T3, TResult>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, callback: (err: any, result: TResult) => void) => void):
+        (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3) => Promise<TResult>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2, T3>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, callback: (err?: any) => void) => void): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3) => Promise<void>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2, T3, T4, TResult>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, callback: (err: any, result: TResult) => void) => void,
+    ): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4) => Promise<TResult>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2, T3, T4>(fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, callback: (err?: any) => void) => void):
+        (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4) => Promise<void>;
+        export function promisify<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, TResult>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, callback: (err: any, result: TResult) => void) => void,
+    ): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5) => Promise<TResult>;
+    export function promisify<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
+        fn: (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5, callback: (err?: any) => void) => void,
+    ): (arg1: T1, arg2: T2, arg3: T3, arg4: T4, arg5: T5) => Promise<void>;
+    export function promisify(fn: Function): Function;
+    export namespace promisify {
+        const custom: unique symbol;
+    }
+    export class TextDecoder {
+        readonly encoding: string;
+        readonly fatal: boolean;
+        readonly ignoreBOM: boolean;
+        constructor(
+          encoding?: string,
+          options?: { fatal?: boolean; ignoreBOM?: boolean }
+        );
+        decode(
+          input?: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView | ArrayBuffer | null,
+          options?: { stream?: boolean }
+        ): string;
+    }
+
+    export interface EncodeIntoResult {
+        /**
+         * The read Unicode code units of input.
+         */
+
+        read: number;
+        /**
+         * The written UTF-8 bytes of output.
+         */
+        written: number;
+    }
+
+    export { types };
+
+    export class TextEncoder {
+        readonly encoding: string;
+        encode(input?: string): Uint8Array;
+        encodeInto(input: string, output: Uint8Array): EncodeIntoResult;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/util/types.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/util/types.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad4c0db44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/util/types.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+declare module 'util/types' {
+    function isAnyArrayBuffer(object: any): object is ArrayBufferLike;
+    function isArgumentsObject(object: any): object is IArguments;
+    function isArrayBuffer(object: any): object is ArrayBuffer;
+    function isArrayBufferView(object: any): object is NodeJS.ArrayBufferView;
+    function isAsyncFunction(object: any): boolean;
+    function isBigInt64Array(value: any): value is BigInt64Array;
+    function isBigUint64Array(value: any): value is BigUint64Array;
+    function isBooleanObject(object: any): object is Boolean;
+    function isBoxedPrimitive(object: any): object is String | Number | BigInt | Boolean | Symbol;
+    function isDataView(object: any): object is DataView;
+    function isDate(object: any): object is Date;
+    function isExternal(object: any): boolean;
+    function isFloat32Array(object: any): object is Float32Array;
+    function isFloat64Array(object: any): object is Float64Array;
+    function isGeneratorFunction(object: any): object is GeneratorFunction;
+    function isGeneratorObject(object: any): object is Generator;
+    function isInt8Array(object: any): object is Int8Array;
+    function isInt16Array(object: any): object is Int16Array;
+    function isInt32Array(object: any): object is Int32Array;
+    function isMap<T>(
+        object: T | {},
+    ): object is T extends ReadonlyMap<any, any>
+        ? unknown extends T
+            ? never
+            : ReadonlyMap<any, any>
+        : Map<any, any>;
+    function isMapIterator(object: any): boolean;
+    function isModuleNamespaceObject(value: any): boolean;
+    function isNativeError(object: any): object is Error;
+    function isNumberObject(object: any): object is Number;
+    function isPromise(object: any): object is Promise<any>;
+    function isProxy(object: any): boolean;
+    function isRegExp(object: any): object is RegExp;
+    function isSet<T>(
+        object: T | {},
+    ): object is T extends ReadonlySet<any>
+        ? unknown extends T
+            ? never
+            : ReadonlySet<any>
+        : Set<any>;
+    function isSetIterator(object: any): boolean;
+    function isSharedArrayBuffer(object: any): object is SharedArrayBuffer;
+    function isStringObject(object: any): object is String;
+    function isSymbolObject(object: any): object is Symbol;
+    function isTypedArray(object: any): object is NodeJS.TypedArray;
+    function isUint8Array(object: any): object is Uint8Array;
+    function isUint8ClampedArray(object: any): object is Uint8ClampedArray;
+    function isUint16Array(object: any): object is Uint16Array;
+    function isUint32Array(object: any): object is Uint32Array;
+    function isWeakMap(object: any): object is WeakMap<any, any>;
+    function isWeakSet(object: any): object is WeakSet<any>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/v8.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/v8.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0f286b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/v8.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+declare module 'v8' {
+    import { Readable } from 'stream';
+
+    interface HeapSpaceInfo {
+        space_name: string;
+        space_size: number;
+        space_used_size: number;
+        space_available_size: number;
+        physical_space_size: number;
+    }
+
+    // ** Signifies if the --zap_code_space option is enabled or not.  1 == enabled, 0 == disabled. */
+    type DoesZapCodeSpaceFlag = 0 | 1;
+
+    interface HeapInfo {
+        total_heap_size: number;
+        total_heap_size_executable: number;
+        total_physical_size: number;
+        total_available_size: number;
+        used_heap_size: number;
+        heap_size_limit: number;
+        malloced_memory: number;
+        peak_malloced_memory: number;
+        does_zap_garbage: DoesZapCodeSpaceFlag;
+        number_of_native_contexts: number;
+        number_of_detached_contexts: number;
+    }
+
+    interface HeapCodeStatistics {
+        code_and_metadata_size: number;
+        bytecode_and_metadata_size: number;
+        external_script_source_size: number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an integer representing a "version tag" derived from the V8 version, command line flags and detected CPU features.
+     * This is useful for determining whether a vm.Script cachedData buffer is compatible with this instance of V8.
+     */
+    function cachedDataVersionTag(): number;
+
+    function getHeapStatistics(): HeapInfo;
+    function getHeapSpaceStatistics(): HeapSpaceInfo[];
+    function setFlagsFromString(flags: string): void;
+    /**
+     * Generates a snapshot of the current V8 heap and returns a Readable
+     * Stream that may be used to read the JSON serialized representation.
+     * This conversation was marked as resolved by joyeecheung
+     * This JSON stream format is intended to be used with tools such as
+     * Chrome DevTools. The JSON schema is undocumented and specific to the
+     * V8 engine, and may change from one version of V8 to the next.
+     */
+    function getHeapSnapshot(): Readable;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param fileName The file path where the V8 heap snapshot is to be
+     * saved. If not specified, a file name with the pattern
+     * `'Heap-${yyyymmdd}-${hhmmss}-${pid}-${thread_id}.heapsnapshot'` will be
+     * generated, where `{pid}` will be the PID of the Node.js process,
+     * `{thread_id}` will be `0` when `writeHeapSnapshot()` is called from
+     * the main Node.js thread or the id of a worker thread.
+     */
+    function writeHeapSnapshot(fileName?: string): string;
+
+    function getHeapCodeStatistics(): HeapCodeStatistics;
+
+    class Serializer {
+        /**
+         * Writes out a header, which includes the serialization format version.
+         */
+        writeHeader(): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Serializes a JavaScript value and adds the serialized representation to the internal buffer.
+         * This throws an error if value cannot be serialized.
+         */
+        writeValue(val: any): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the stored internal buffer.
+         * This serializer should not be used once the buffer is released.
+         * Calling this method results in undefined behavior if a previous write has failed.
+         */
+        releaseBuffer(): Buffer;
+
+        /**
+         * Marks an ArrayBuffer as having its contents transferred out of band.\
+         * Pass the corresponding ArrayBuffer in the deserializing context to deserializer.transferArrayBuffer().
+         */
+        transferArrayBuffer(id: number, arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Write a raw 32-bit unsigned integer.
+         */
+        writeUint32(value: number): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Write a raw 64-bit unsigned integer, split into high and low 32-bit parts.
+         */
+        writeUint64(hi: number, lo: number): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Write a JS number value.
+         */
+        writeDouble(value: number): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Write raw bytes into the serializer’s internal buffer.
+         * The deserializer will require a way to compute the length of the buffer.
+         */
+        writeRawBytes(buffer: NodeJS.TypedArray): void;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A subclass of `Serializer` that serializes `TypedArray` (in particular `Buffer`) and `DataView` objects as host objects,
+     * and only stores the part of their underlying `ArrayBuffers` that they are referring to.
+     */
+    class DefaultSerializer extends Serializer {
+    }
+
+    class Deserializer {
+        constructor(data: NodeJS.TypedArray);
+        /**
+         * Reads and validates a header (including the format version).
+         * May, for example, reject an invalid or unsupported wire format.
+         * In that case, an Error is thrown.
+         */
+        readHeader(): boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * Deserializes a JavaScript value from the buffer and returns it.
+         */
+        readValue(): any;
+
+        /**
+         * Marks an ArrayBuffer as having its contents transferred out of band.
+         * Pass the corresponding `ArrayBuffer` in the serializing context to serializer.transferArrayBuffer()
+         * (or return the id from serializer._getSharedArrayBufferId() in the case of SharedArrayBuffers).
+         */
+        transferArrayBuffer(id: number, arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer): void;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads the underlying wire format version.
+         * Likely mostly to be useful to legacy code reading old wire format versions.
+         * May not be called before .readHeader().
+         */
+        getWireFormatVersion(): number;
+
+        /**
+         * Read a raw 32-bit unsigned integer and return it.
+         */
+        readUint32(): number;
+
+        /**
+         * Read a raw 64-bit unsigned integer and return it as an array [hi, lo] with two 32-bit unsigned integer entries.
+         */
+        readUint64(): [number, number];
+
+        /**
+         * Read a JS number value.
+         */
+        readDouble(): number;
+
+        /**
+         * Read raw bytes from the deserializer’s internal buffer.
+         * The length parameter must correspond to the length of the buffer that was passed to serializer.writeRawBytes().
+         */
+        readRawBytes(length: number): Buffer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A subclass of `Serializer` that serializes `TypedArray` (in particular `Buffer`) and `DataView` objects as host objects,
+     * and only stores the part of their underlying `ArrayBuffers` that they are referring to.
+     */
+    class DefaultDeserializer extends Deserializer {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uses a `DefaultSerializer` to serialize value into a buffer.
+     */
+    function serialize(value: any): Buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Uses a `DefaultDeserializer` with default options to read a JS value from a buffer.
+     */
+    function deserialize(data: NodeJS.TypedArray): any;
+
+    /**
+     * Begins writing coverage report based on the `NODE_V8_COVERAGE` env var.
+     * Noop is the env var is not set.
+     */
+    function takeCoverage(): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Stops writing coverage report.
+     */
+    function stopCoverage(): void;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/vm.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/vm.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d543232d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/vm.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+declare module 'vm' {
+    interface Context extends NodeJS.Dict<any> { }
+    interface BaseOptions {
+        /**
+         * Specifies the filename used in stack traces produced by this script.
+         * Default: `''`.
+         */
+        filename?: string;
+        /**
+         * Specifies the line number offset that is displayed in stack traces produced by this script.
+         * Default: `0`.
+         */
+        lineOffset?: number;
+        /**
+         * Specifies the column number offset that is displayed in stack traces produced by this script.
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        columnOffset?: number;
+    }
+    interface ScriptOptions extends BaseOptions {
+        displayErrors?: boolean;
+        timeout?: number;
+        cachedData?: Buffer;
+        /** @deprecated in favor of `script.createCachedData()` */
+        produceCachedData?: boolean;
+    }
+    interface RunningScriptOptions extends BaseOptions {
+        /**
+         * When `true`, if an `Error` occurs while compiling the `code`, the line of code causing the error is attached to the stack trace.
+         * Default: `true`.
+         */
+        displayErrors?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * Specifies the number of milliseconds to execute code before terminating execution.
+         * If execution is terminated, an `Error` will be thrown. This value must be a strictly positive integer.
+         */
+        timeout?: number;
+        /**
+         * If `true`, the execution will be terminated when `SIGINT` (Ctrl+C) is received.
+         * Existing handlers for the event that have been attached via `process.on('SIGINT')` will be disabled during script execution, but will continue to work after that.
+         * If execution is terminated, an `Error` will be thrown.
+         * Default: `false`.
+         */
+        breakOnSigint?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * If set to `afterEvaluate`, microtasks will be run immediately after the script has run.
+         */
+        microtaskMode?: 'afterEvaluate';
+    }
+    interface CompileFunctionOptions extends BaseOptions {
+        /**
+         * Provides an optional data with V8's code cache data for the supplied source.
+         */
+        cachedData?: Buffer;
+        /**
+         * Specifies whether to produce new cache data.
+         * Default: `false`,
+         */
+        produceCachedData?: boolean;
+        /**
+         * The sandbox/context in which the said function should be compiled in.
+         */
+        parsingContext?: Context;
+
+        /**
+         * An array containing a collection of context extensions (objects wrapping the current scope) to be applied while compiling
+         */
+        contextExtensions?: Object[];
+    }
+
+    interface CreateContextOptions {
+        /**
+         * Human-readable name of the newly created context.
+         * @default 'VM Context i' Where i is an ascending numerical index of the created context.
+         */
+        name?: string;
+        /**
+         * Corresponds to the newly created context for display purposes.
+         * The origin should be formatted like a `URL`, but with only the scheme, host, and port (if necessary),
+         * like the value of the `url.origin` property of a URL object.
+         * Most notably, this string should omit the trailing slash, as that denotes a path.
+         * @default ''
+         */
+        origin?: string;
+        codeGeneration?: {
+            /**
+             * If set to false any calls to eval or function constructors (Function, GeneratorFunction, etc)
+             * will throw an EvalError.
+             * @default true
+             */
+            strings?: boolean;
+            /**
+             * If set to false any attempt to compile a WebAssembly module will throw a WebAssembly.CompileError.
+             * @default true
+             */
+            wasm?: boolean;
+        };
+        /**
+         * If set to `afterEvaluate`, microtasks will be run immediately after the script has run.
+         */
+        microtaskMode?: 'afterEvaluate';
+    }
+
+    type MeasureMemoryMode = 'summary' | 'detailed';
+
+    interface MeasureMemoryOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default 'summary'
+         */
+        mode?: MeasureMemoryMode;
+        context?: Context;
+    }
+
+    interface MemoryMeasurement {
+        total: {
+            jsMemoryEstimate: number;
+            jsMemoryRange: [number, number];
+        };
+    }
+
+    class Script {
+        constructor(code: string, options?: ScriptOptions);
+        runInContext(contextifiedSandbox: Context, options?: RunningScriptOptions): any;
+        runInNewContext(sandbox?: Context, options?: RunningScriptOptions): any;
+        runInThisContext(options?: RunningScriptOptions): any;
+        createCachedData(): Buffer;
+        cachedDataRejected?: boolean;
+    }
+    function createContext(sandbox?: Context, options?: CreateContextOptions): Context;
+    function isContext(sandbox: Context): boolean;
+    function runInContext(code: string, contextifiedSandbox: Context, options?: RunningScriptOptions | string): any;
+    function runInNewContext(code: string, sandbox?: Context, options?: RunningScriptOptions | string): any;
+    function runInThisContext(code: string, options?: RunningScriptOptions | string): any;
+    function compileFunction(code: string, params?: ReadonlyArray<string>, options?: CompileFunctionOptions): Function;
+
+    /**
+     * Measure the memory known to V8 and used by the current execution context or a specified context.
+     *
+     * The format of the object that the returned Promise may resolve with is
+     * specific to the V8 engine and may change from one version of V8 to the next.
+     *
+     * The returned result is different from the statistics returned by
+     * `v8.getHeapSpaceStatistics()` in that `vm.measureMemory()` measures
+     * the memory reachable by V8 from a specific context, while
+     * `v8.getHeapSpaceStatistics()` measures the memory used by an instance
+     * of V8 engine, which can switch among multiple contexts that reference
+     * objects in the heap of one engine.
+     *
+     * @experimental
+     */
+    function measureMemory(options?: MeasureMemoryOptions): Promise<MemoryMeasurement>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/wasi.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/wasi.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..895572ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/wasi.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+declare module 'wasi' {
+    interface WASIOptions {
+        /**
+         * An array of strings that the WebAssembly application will
+         * see as command line arguments. The first argument is the virtual path to the
+         * WASI command itself.
+         */
+        args?: string[];
+
+        /**
+         * An object similar to `process.env` that the WebAssembly
+         * application will see as its environment.
+         */
+        env?: object;
+
+        /**
+         * This object represents the WebAssembly application's
+         * sandbox directory structure. The string keys of `preopens` are treated as
+         * directories within the sandbox. The corresponding values in `preopens` are
+         * the real paths to those directories on the host machine.
+         */
+        preopens?: NodeJS.Dict<string>;
+
+        /**
+         * By default, WASI applications terminate the Node.js
+         * process via the `__wasi_proc_exit()` function. Setting this option to `true`
+         * causes `wasi.start()` to return the exit code rather than terminate the
+         * process.
+         * @default false
+         */
+        returnOnExit?: boolean;
+
+        /**
+         * The file descriptor used as standard input in the WebAssembly application.
+         * @default 0
+         */
+        stdin?: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The file descriptor used as standard output in the WebAssembly application.
+         * @default 1
+         */
+        stdout?: number;
+
+        /**
+         * The file descriptor used as standard error in the WebAssembly application.
+         * @default 2
+         */
+        stderr?: number;
+    }
+
+    class WASI {
+        constructor(options?: WASIOptions);
+        /**
+         *
+         * Attempt to begin execution of `instance` by invoking its `_start()` export.
+         * If `instance` does not contain a `_start()` export, then `start()` attempts to
+         * invoke the `__wasi_unstable_reactor_start()` export. If neither of those exports
+         * is present on `instance`, then `start()` does nothing.
+         *
+         * `start()` requires that `instance` exports a `WebAssembly.Memory` named
+         * `memory`. If `instance` does not have a `memory` export an exception is thrown.
+         *
+         * If `start()` is called more than once, an exception is thrown.
+         */
+        start(instance: object): void; // TODO: avoid DOM dependency until WASM moved to own lib.
+
+        /**
+         * Attempt to initialize `instance` as a WASI reactor by invoking its `_initialize()` export, if it is present.
+         * If `instance` contains a `_start()` export, then an exception is thrown.
+         *
+         * `start()` requires that `instance` exports a `WebAssembly.Memory` named
+         * `memory`. If `instance` does not have a `memory` export an exception is thrown.
+         *
+         * If `initialize()` is called more than once, an exception is thrown.
+         */
+        initialize(instance: object): void; // TODO: avoid DOM dependency until WASM moved to own lib.
+
+        /**
+         * Is an object that implements the WASI system call API. This object
+         * should be passed as the `wasi_snapshot_preview1` import during the instantiation of a
+         * `WebAssembly.Instance`.
+         */
+        readonly wasiImport: NodeJS.Dict<any>; // TODO: Narrow to DOM types
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/worker_threads.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/worker_threads.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86015d332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/worker_threads.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+declare module 'worker_threads' {
+    import { Blob } from 'node:buffer';
+    import { Context } from 'vm';
+    import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
+    import { EventLoopUtilityFunction } from 'perf_hooks';
+    import { FileHandle } from 'fs/promises';
+    import { Readable, Writable } from 'stream';
+    import { URL } from 'url';
+    import { X509Certificate } from 'crypto';
+
+    const isMainThread: boolean;
+    const parentPort: null | MessagePort;
+    const resourceLimits: ResourceLimits;
+    const SHARE_ENV: unique symbol;
+    const threadId: number;
+    const workerData: any;
+
+    class MessageChannel {
+        readonly port1: MessagePort;
+        readonly port2: MessagePort;
+    }
+
+    interface WorkerPerformance {
+        eventLoopUtilization: EventLoopUtilityFunction;
+    }
+
+    type TransferListItem = ArrayBuffer | MessagePort | FileHandle | X509Certificate | Blob;
+
+    class MessagePort extends EventEmitter {
+        close(): void;
+        postMessage(value: any, transferList?: ReadonlyArray<TransferListItem>): void;
+        ref(): void;
+        unref(): void;
+        start(): void;
+
+        addListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "close"): boolean;
+        emit(event: "message", value: any): boolean;
+        emit(event: "messageerror", error: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        on(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        once(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        removeListener(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        off(event: "close", listener: () => void): this;
+        off(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        off(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        off(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    interface WorkerOptions {
+        /**
+         * List of arguments which would be stringified and appended to
+         * `process.argv` in the worker. This is mostly similar to the `workerData`
+         * but the values will be available on the global `process.argv` as if they
+         * were passed as CLI options to the script.
+         */
+        argv?: any[];
+        env?: NodeJS.Dict<string> | typeof SHARE_ENV;
+        eval?: boolean;
+        workerData?: any;
+        stdin?: boolean;
+        stdout?: boolean;
+        stderr?: boolean;
+        execArgv?: string[];
+        resourceLimits?: ResourceLimits;
+        /**
+         * Additional data to send in the first worker message.
+         */
+        transferList?: TransferListItem[];
+        /**
+         * @default true
+         */
+        trackUnmanagedFds?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    interface ResourceLimits {
+        /**
+         * The maximum size of a heap space for recently created objects.
+         */
+        maxYoungGenerationSizeMb?: number;
+        /**
+         * The maximum size of the main heap in MB.
+         */
+        maxOldGenerationSizeMb?: number;
+        /**
+         * The size of a pre-allocated memory range used for generated code.
+         */
+        codeRangeSizeMb?: number;
+        /**
+         * The default maximum stack size for the thread. Small values may lead to unusable Worker instances.
+         * @default 4
+         */
+        stackSizeMb?: number;
+    }
+
+    class Worker extends EventEmitter {
+        readonly stdin: Writable | null;
+        readonly stdout: Readable;
+        readonly stderr: Readable;
+        readonly threadId: number;
+        readonly resourceLimits?: ResourceLimits;
+        readonly performance: WorkerPerformance;
+
+        /**
+         * @param filename  The path to the Worker’s main script or module.
+         *                  Must be either an absolute path or a relative path (i.e. relative to the current working directory) starting with ./ or ../,
+         *                  or a WHATWG URL object using file: protocol. If options.eval is true, this is a string containing JavaScript code rather than a path.
+         */
+        constructor(filename: string | URL, options?: WorkerOptions);
+
+        postMessage(value: any, transferList?: ReadonlyArray<TransferListItem>): void;
+        ref(): void;
+        unref(): void;
+        /**
+         * Stop all JavaScript execution in the worker thread as soon as possible.
+         * Returns a Promise for the exit code that is fulfilled when the `exit` event is emitted.
+         */
+        terminate(): Promise<number>;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a readable stream for a V8 snapshot of the current state of the Worker.
+         * See `v8.getHeapSnapshot()` for more details.
+         *
+         * If the Worker thread is no longer running, which may occur before the
+         * `'exit'` event is emitted, the returned `Promise` will be rejected
+         * immediately with an `ERR_WORKER_NOT_RUNNING` error
+         */
+        getHeapSnapshot(): Promise<Readable>;
+
+        addListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        addListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        addListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        emit(event: "error", err: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "exit", exitCode: number): boolean;
+        emit(event: "message", value: any): boolean;
+        emit(event: "messageerror", error: Error): boolean;
+        emit(event: "online"): boolean;
+        emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean;
+
+        on(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        on(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        on(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        on(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        on(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        once(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        once(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        once(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        once(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        once(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        prependOnceListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        removeListener(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        removeListener(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+
+        off(event: "error", listener: (err: Error) => void): this;
+        off(event: "exit", listener: (exitCode: number) => void): this;
+        off(event: "message", listener: (value: any) => void): this;
+        off(event: "messageerror", listener: (error: Error) => void): this;
+        off(event: "online", listener: () => void): this;
+        off(event: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this;
+    }
+
+    interface BroadcastChannel extends NodeJS.RefCounted {}
+
+    /**
+     * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/BroadcastChannel
+     */
+    class BroadcastChannel {
+        readonly name: string;
+        onmessage: (message: unknown) => void;
+        onmessageerror: (message: unknown) => void;
+
+        constructor(name: string);
+
+        close(): void;
+        postMessage(message: unknown): void;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mark an object as not transferable.
+     * If `object` occurs in the transfer list of a `port.postMessage()` call, it will be ignored.
+     *
+     * In particular, this makes sense for objects that can be cloned, rather than transferred,
+     * and which are used by other objects on the sending side. For example, Node.js marks
+     * the `ArrayBuffer`s it uses for its Buffer pool with this.
+     *
+     * This operation cannot be undone.
+     */
+    function markAsUntransferable(object: object): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Transfer a `MessagePort` to a different `vm` Context. The original `port`
+     * object will be rendered unusable, and the returned `MessagePort` instance will
+     * take its place.
+     *
+     * The returned `MessagePort` will be an object in the target context, and will
+     * inherit from its global `Object` class. Objects passed to the
+     * `port.onmessage()` listener will also be created in the target context
+     * and inherit from its global `Object` class.
+     *
+     * However, the created `MessagePort` will no longer inherit from
+     * `EventEmitter`, and only `port.onmessage()` can be used to receive
+     * events using it.
+     */
+    function moveMessagePortToContext(port: MessagePort, context: Context): MessagePort;
+
+    /**
+     * Receive a single message from a given `MessagePort`. If no message is available,
+     * `undefined` is returned, otherwise an object with a single `message` property
+     * that contains the message payload, corresponding to the oldest message in the
+     * `MessagePort`’s queue.
+     */
+    function receiveMessageOnPort(port: MessagePort): { message: any } | undefined;
+
+    type Serializable = string | object | number | boolean | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     * @param key Any arbitrary, cloneable JavaScript value that can be used as a {Map} key.
+     * @experimental
+     */
+    function getEnvironmentData(key: Serializable): Serializable;
+
+    /**
+     * @param key Any arbitrary, cloneable JavaScript value that can be used as a {Map} key.
+     * @param value Any arbitrary, cloneable JavaScript value that will be cloned
+     * and passed automatically to all new `Worker` instances. If `value` is passed
+     * as `undefined`, any previously set value for the `key` will be deleted.
+     * @experimental
+     */
+    function setEnvironmentData(key: Serializable, value: Serializable): void;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/@types/node/zlib.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/zlib.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eafc91b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/@types/node/zlib.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+declare module 'zlib' {
+    import * as stream from 'stream';
+
+    interface ZlibOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default constants.Z_NO_FLUSH
+         */
+        flush?: number;
+        /**
+         * @default constants.Z_FINISH
+         */
+        finishFlush?: number;
+        /**
+         * @default 16*1024
+         */
+        chunkSize?: number;
+        windowBits?: number;
+        level?: number; // compression only
+        memLevel?: number; // compression only
+        strategy?: number; // compression only
+        dictionary?: NodeJS.ArrayBufferView | ArrayBuffer; // deflate/inflate only, empty dictionary by default
+        info?: boolean;
+        maxOutputLength?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface BrotliOptions {
+        /**
+         * @default constants.BROTLI_OPERATION_PROCESS
+         */
+        flush?: number;
+        /**
+         * @default constants.BROTLI_OPERATION_FINISH
+         */
+        finishFlush?: number;
+        /**
+         * @default 16*1024
+         */
+        chunkSize?: number;
+        params?: {
+            /**
+             * Each key is a `constants.BROTLI_*` constant.
+             */
+            [key: number]: boolean | number;
+        };
+        maxOutputLength?: number;
+    }
+
+    interface Zlib {
+        /** @deprecated Use bytesWritten instead. */
+        readonly bytesRead: number;
+        readonly bytesWritten: number;
+        shell?: boolean | string;
+        close(callback?: () => void): void;
+        flush(kind?: number, callback?: () => void): void;
+        flush(callback?: () => void): void;
+    }
+
+    interface ZlibParams {
+        params(level: number, strategy: number, callback: () => void): void;
+    }
+
+    interface ZlibReset {
+        reset(): void;
+    }
+
+    interface BrotliCompress extends stream.Transform, Zlib { }
+    interface BrotliDecompress extends stream.Transform, Zlib { }
+    interface Gzip extends stream.Transform, Zlib { }
+    interface Gunzip extends stream.Transform, Zlib { }
+    interface Deflate extends stream.Transform, Zlib, ZlibReset, ZlibParams { }
+    interface Inflate extends stream.Transform, Zlib, ZlibReset { }
+    interface DeflateRaw extends stream.Transform, Zlib, ZlibReset, ZlibParams { }
+    interface InflateRaw extends stream.Transform, Zlib, ZlibReset { }
+    interface Unzip extends stream.Transform, Zlib { }
+
+    function createBrotliCompress(options?: BrotliOptions): BrotliCompress;
+    function createBrotliDecompress(options?: BrotliOptions): BrotliDecompress;
+    function createGzip(options?: ZlibOptions): Gzip;
+    function createGunzip(options?: ZlibOptions): Gunzip;
+    function createDeflate(options?: ZlibOptions): Deflate;
+    function createInflate(options?: ZlibOptions): Inflate;
+    function createDeflateRaw(options?: ZlibOptions): DeflateRaw;
+    function createInflateRaw(options?: ZlibOptions): InflateRaw;
+    function createUnzip(options?: ZlibOptions): Unzip;
+
+    type InputType = string | ArrayBuffer | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView;
+
+    type CompressCallback = (error: Error | null, result: Buffer) => void;
+
+    function brotliCompress(buf: InputType, options: BrotliOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function brotliCompress(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace brotliCompress {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: BrotliOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function brotliCompressSync(buf: InputType, options?: BrotliOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function brotliDecompress(buf: InputType, options: BrotliOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function brotliDecompress(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace brotliDecompress {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: BrotliOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function brotliDecompressSync(buf: InputType, options?: BrotliOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function deflate(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function deflate(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace deflate {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function deflateSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function deflateRaw(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function deflateRaw(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace deflateRaw {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function deflateRawSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function gzip(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function gzip(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace gzip {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function gzipSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function gunzip(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function gunzip(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace gunzip {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function gunzipSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function inflate(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function inflate(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace inflate {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function inflateSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function inflateRaw(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function inflateRaw(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace inflateRaw {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function inflateRawSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    function unzip(buf: InputType, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    function unzip(buf: InputType, options: ZlibOptions, callback: CompressCallback): void;
+    namespace unzip {
+        function __promisify__(buffer: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
+    }
+
+    function unzipSync(buf: InputType, options?: ZlibOptions): Buffer;
+
+    namespace constants {
+        const BROTLI_DECODE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_BLOCK_TYPE_TREES: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_CONTEXT_MAP: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_CONTEXT_MODES: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_RING_BUFFER_1: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_RING_BUFFER_2: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_TREE_GROUPS: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_DICTIONARY_NOT_SET: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_BLOCK_LENGTH_1: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_BLOCK_LENGTH_2: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_CL_SPACE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_CONTEXT_MAP_REPEAT: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_DICTIONARY: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_DISTANCE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_EXUBERANT_META_NIBBLE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_EXUBERANT_NIBBLE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_HUFFMAN_SPACE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_PADDING_1: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_PADDING_2: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_RESERVED: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_SIMPLE_HUFFMAN_ALPHABET: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_SIMPLE_HUFFMAN_SAME: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_TRANSFORM: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_WINDOW_BITS: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_UNREACHABLE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_NO_ERROR: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_PARAM_DISABLE_RING_BUFFER_REALLOCATION: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_PARAM_LARGE_WINDOW: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_ERROR: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_SUCCESS: number;
+        const BROTLI_DECODER_SUCCESS: number;
+
+        const BROTLI_DEFAULT_MODE: number;
+        const BROTLI_DEFAULT_QUALITY: number;
+        const BROTLI_DEFAULT_WINDOW: number;
+        const BROTLI_ENCODE: number;
+        const BROTLI_LARGE_MAX_WINDOW_BITS: number;
+        const BROTLI_MAX_INPUT_BLOCK_BITS: number;
+        const BROTLI_MAX_QUALITY: number;
+        const BROTLI_MAX_WINDOW_BITS: number;
+        const BROTLI_MIN_INPUT_BLOCK_BITS: number;
+        const BROTLI_MIN_QUALITY: number;
+        const BROTLI_MIN_WINDOW_BITS: number;
+
+        const BROTLI_MODE_FONT: number;
+        const BROTLI_MODE_GENERIC: number;
+        const BROTLI_MODE_TEXT: number;
+
+        const BROTLI_OPERATION_EMIT_METADATA: number;
+        const BROTLI_OPERATION_FINISH: number;
+        const BROTLI_OPERATION_FLUSH: number;
+        const BROTLI_OPERATION_PROCESS: number;
+
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_DISABLE_LITERAL_CONTEXT_MODELING: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_LARGE_WINDOW: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_LGBLOCK: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_LGWIN: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_MODE: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_NDIRECT: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_NPOSTFIX: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_QUALITY: number;
+        const BROTLI_PARAM_SIZE_HINT: number;
+
+        const DEFLATE: number;
+        const DEFLATERAW: number;
+        const GUNZIP: number;
+        const GZIP: number;
+        const INFLATE: number;
+        const INFLATERAW: number;
+        const UNZIP: number;
+
+        // Allowed flush values.
+        const Z_NO_FLUSH: number;
+        const Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH: number;
+        const Z_SYNC_FLUSH: number;
+        const Z_FULL_FLUSH: number;
+        const Z_FINISH: number;
+        const Z_BLOCK: number;
+        const Z_TREES: number;
+
+        // Return codes for the compression/decompression functions.
+        // Negative values are errors, positive values are used for special but normal events.
+        const Z_OK: number;
+        const Z_STREAM_END: number;
+        const Z_NEED_DICT: number;
+        const Z_ERRNO: number;
+        const Z_STREAM_ERROR: number;
+        const Z_DATA_ERROR: number;
+        const Z_MEM_ERROR: number;
+        const Z_BUF_ERROR: number;
+        const Z_VERSION_ERROR: number;
+
+        // Compression levels.
+        const Z_NO_COMPRESSION: number;
+        const Z_BEST_SPEED: number;
+        const Z_BEST_COMPRESSION: number;
+        const Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION: number;
+
+        // Compression strategy.
+        const Z_FILTERED: number;
+        const Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY: number;
+        const Z_RLE: number;
+        const Z_FIXED: number;
+        const Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY: number;
+
+        const Z_DEFAULT_WINDOWBITS: number;
+        const Z_MIN_WINDOWBITS: number;
+        const Z_MAX_WINDOWBITS: number;
+
+        const Z_MIN_CHUNK: number;
+        const Z_MAX_CHUNK: number;
+        const Z_DEFAULT_CHUNK: number;
+
+        const Z_MIN_MEMLEVEL: number;
+        const Z_MAX_MEMLEVEL: number;
+        const Z_DEFAULT_MEMLEVEL: number;
+
+        const Z_MIN_LEVEL: number;
+        const Z_MAX_LEVEL: number;
+        const Z_DEFAULT_LEVEL: number;
+
+        const ZLIB_VERNUM: number;
+    }
+
+    // Allowed flush values.
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_NO_FLUSH` */
+    const Z_NO_FLUSH: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH` */
+    const Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_SYNC_FLUSH` */
+    const Z_SYNC_FLUSH: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_FULL_FLUSH` */
+    const Z_FULL_FLUSH: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_FINISH` */
+    const Z_FINISH: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_BLOCK` */
+    const Z_BLOCK: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_TREES` */
+    const Z_TREES: number;
+
+    // Return codes for the compression/decompression functions.
+    // Negative values are errors, positive values are used for special but normal events.
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_OK` */
+    const Z_OK: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_STREAM_END` */
+    const Z_STREAM_END: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_NEED_DICT` */
+    const Z_NEED_DICT: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_ERRNO` */
+    const Z_ERRNO: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_STREAM_ERROR` */
+    const Z_STREAM_ERROR: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_DATA_ERROR` */
+    const Z_DATA_ERROR: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_MEM_ERROR` */
+    const Z_MEM_ERROR: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_BUF_ERROR` */
+    const Z_BUF_ERROR: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_VERSION_ERROR` */
+    const Z_VERSION_ERROR: number;
+
+    // Compression levels.
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_NO_COMPRESSION` */
+    const Z_NO_COMPRESSION: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_BEST_SPEED` */
+    const Z_BEST_SPEED: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_BEST_COMPRESSION` */
+    const Z_BEST_COMPRESSION: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION` */
+    const Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION: number;
+
+    // Compression strategy.
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_FILTERED` */
+    const Z_FILTERED: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY` */
+    const Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_RLE` */
+    const Z_RLE: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_FIXED` */
+    const Z_FIXED: number;
+    /** @deprecated Use `constants.Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY` */
+    const Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY: number;
+
+    /** @deprecated */
+    const Z_BINARY: number;
+    /** @deprecated */
+    const Z_TEXT: number;
+    /** @deprecated */
+    const Z_ASCII: number;
+    /** @deprecated  */
+    const Z_UNKNOWN: number;
+    /** @deprecated */
+    const Z_DEFLATED: number;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/abbrev/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bcfa9d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+This software is dual-licensed under the ISC and MIT licenses.
+You may use this software under EITHER of the following licenses.
+
+----------
+
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+----------
+
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/abbrev/README.md b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99746fe67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# abbrev-js
+
+Just like [ruby's Abbrev](http://apidock.com/ruby/Abbrev).
+
+Usage:
+
+    var abbrev = require("abbrev");
+    abbrev("foo", "fool", "folding", "flop");
+    
+    // returns:
+    { fl: 'flop'
+    , flo: 'flop'
+    , flop: 'flop'
+    , fol: 'folding'
+    , fold: 'folding'
+    , foldi: 'folding'
+    , foldin: 'folding'
+    , folding: 'folding'
+    , foo: 'foo'
+    , fool: 'fool'
+    }
+
+This is handy for command-line scripts, or other cases where you want to be able to accept shorthands.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/abbrev/abbrev.js b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/abbrev.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b1dc5d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/abbrev.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+module.exports = exports = abbrev.abbrev = abbrev
+
+abbrev.monkeyPatch = monkeyPatch
+
+function monkeyPatch () {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'abbrev', {
+    value: function () { return abbrev(this) },
+    enumerable: false, configurable: true, writable: true
+  })
+
+  Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype, 'abbrev', {
+    value: function () { return abbrev(Object.keys(this)) },
+    enumerable: false, configurable: true, writable: true
+  })
+}
+
+function abbrev (list) {
+  if (arguments.length !== 1 || !Array.isArray(list)) {
+    list = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)
+  }
+  for (var i = 0, l = list.length, args = [] ; i < l ; i ++) {
+    args[i] = typeof list[i] === "string" ? list[i] : String(list[i])
+  }
+
+  // sort them lexicographically, so that they're next to their nearest kin
+  args = args.sort(lexSort)
+
+  // walk through each, seeing how much it has in common with the next and previous
+  var abbrevs = {}
+    , prev = ""
+  for (var i = 0, l = args.length ; i < l ; i ++) {
+    var current = args[i]
+      , next = args[i + 1] || ""
+      , nextMatches = true
+      , prevMatches = true
+    if (current === next) continue
+    for (var j = 0, cl = current.length ; j < cl ; j ++) {
+      var curChar = current.charAt(j)
+      nextMatches = nextMatches && curChar === next.charAt(j)
+      prevMatches = prevMatches && curChar === prev.charAt(j)
+      if (!nextMatches && !prevMatches) {
+        j ++
+        break
+      }
+    }
+    prev = current
+    if (j === cl) {
+      abbrevs[current] = current
+      continue
+    }
+    for (var a = current.substr(0, j) ; j <= cl ; j ++) {
+      abbrevs[a] = current
+      a += current.charAt(j)
+    }
+  }
+  return abbrevs
+}
+
+function lexSort (a, b) {
+  return a === b ? 0 : a > b ? 1 : -1
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/abbrev/package.json b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc867f89e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/abbrev/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+  "_from": "abbrev@1",
+  "_id": "abbrev@1.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-nne9/IiQ/hzIhY6pdDnbBtz7DjPTKrY00P/zvPSm5pOFkl6xuGrGnXn/VtTNNfNtAfZ9/1RtehkszU9qcTii0Q==",
+  "_location": "/abbrev",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "abbrev@1",
+    "name": "abbrev",
+    "escapedName": "abbrev",
+    "rawSpec": "1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/nopt"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/abbrev/-/abbrev-1.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f8f2c887ad10bf67f634f005b6987fed3179aac8",
+  "_spec": "abbrev@1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\nopt",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/abbrev-js/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Like ruby's abbrev module, but in js",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^10.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "abbrev.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/abbrev-js#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "abbrev.js",
+  "name": "abbrev",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/isaacs/abbrev-js.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --all; git push origin --tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap test.js --100"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/accepts/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/accepts/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bf041781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/accepts/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+1.3.7 / 2019-04-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: negotiator@0.6.2
+    - Fix sorting charset, encoding, and language with extra parameters
+
+1.3.6 / 2019-04-28
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.24
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.40.0
+
+1.3.5 / 2018-02-28
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.33.0
+
+1.3.4 / 2017-08-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.16
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.29.0
+
+1.3.3 / 2016-05-02
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.23.0
+  * deps: negotiator@0.6.1
+    - perf: improve `Accept` parsing speed
+    - perf: improve `Accept-Charset` parsing speed
+    - perf: improve `Accept-Encoding` parsing speed
+    - perf: improve `Accept-Language` parsing speed
+
+1.3.2 / 2016-03-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.10
+    - Fix extension of `application/dash+xml`
+    - Update primary extension for `audio/mp4`
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.22.0
+
+1.3.1 / 2016-01-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.9
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.21.0
+
+1.3.0 / 2015-09-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.7
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.19.0
+  * deps: negotiator@0.6.0
+    - Fix including type extensions in parameters in `Accept` parsing
+    - Fix parsing `Accept` parameters with quoted equals
+    - Fix parsing `Accept` parameters with quoted semicolons
+    - Lazy-load modules from main entry point
+    - perf: delay type concatenation until needed
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: hoist regular expressions
+    - perf: remove closures getting spec properties
+    - perf: remove a closure from media type parsing
+    - perf: remove property delete from media type parsing
+
+1.2.13 / 2015-09-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.6
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.18.0
+
+1.2.12 / 2015-07-30
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.16.0
+
+1.2.11 / 2015-07-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.3
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.15.0
+
+1.2.10 / 2015-07-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.14.0
+
+1.2.9 / 2015-06-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
+    - perf: fix deopt during mapping
+
+1.2.8 / 2015-06-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.0
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.13.0
+  * perf: avoid argument reassignment & argument slice
+  * perf: avoid negotiator recursive construction
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove unnecessary bitwise operator
+
+1.2.7 / 2015-05-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: negotiator@0.5.3
+    - Fix media type parameter matching to be case-insensitive
+
+1.2.6 / 2015-05-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.9.1
+  * deps: negotiator@0.5.2
+    - Fix comparing media types with quoted values
+    - Fix splitting media types with quoted commas
+
+1.2.5 / 2015-03-13
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.8.0
+
+1.2.4 / 2015-02-14
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.7.0
+  * deps: negotiator@0.5.1
+    - Fix preference sorting to be stable for long acceptable lists
+
+1.2.3 / 2015-01-31
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.6.0
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.5.0
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.5
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.3.1
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-12-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: negotiator@0.5.0
+    - Fix list return order when large accepted list
+    - Fix missing identity encoding when q=0 exists
+    - Remove dynamic building of Negotiator class
+
+1.1.4 / 2014-12-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.4
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.3.0
+
+1.1.3 / 2014-11-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.2.0
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-10-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: negotiator@0.4.9
+    - Fix error when media type has invalid parameter
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-09-28
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.1.0
+  * deps: negotiator@0.4.8
+    - Fix all negotiations to be case-insensitive
+    - Stable sort preferences of same quality according to client order
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-09-02
+==================
+
+  * update `mime-types`
+
+1.0.7 / 2014-07-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix wrong type returned from `type` when match after unknown extension
+
+1.0.6 / 2014-06-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: negotiator@0.4.7
+
+1.0.5 / 2014-06-20
+==================
+
+ * fix crash when unknown extension given
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * use `mime-types`
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: negotiator@0.4.6
+    - Order by specificity when quality is the same
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-05-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix interpretation when header not in request
+  * deps: pin negotiator@0.4.5
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-01-18
+==================
+
+  * Identity encoding isn't always acceptable
+  * deps: negotiator@~0.4.0
+
+1.0.0 / 2013-12-27
+==================
+
+  * Genesis
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/accepts/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/accepts/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06166077b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/accepts/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/accepts/README.md b/backend/node_modules/accepts/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66a2f5400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/accepts/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# accepts
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Higher level content negotiation based on [negotiator](https://www.npmjs.com/package/negotiator).
+Extracted from [koa](https://www.npmjs.com/package/koa) for general use.
+
+In addition to negotiator, it allows:
+
+- Allows types as an array or arguments list, ie `(['text/html', 'application/json'])`
+  as well as `('text/html', 'application/json')`.
+- Allows type shorthands such as `json`.
+- Returns `false` when no types match
+- Treats non-existent headers as `*`
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install accepts
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var accepts = require('accepts')
+```
+
+### accepts(req)
+
+Create a new `Accepts` object for the given `req`.
+
+#### .charset(charsets)
+
+Return the first accepted charset. If nothing in `charsets` is accepted,
+then `false` is returned.
+
+#### .charsets()
+
+Return the charsets that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
+preference (most preferred first).
+
+#### .encoding(encodings)
+
+Return the first accepted encoding. If nothing in `encodings` is accepted,
+then `false` is returned.
+
+#### .encodings()
+
+Return the encodings that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
+preference (most preferred first).
+
+#### .language(languages)
+
+Return the first accepted language. If nothing in `languages` is accepted,
+then `false` is returned.
+
+#### .languages()
+
+Return the languages that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
+preference (most preferred first).
+
+#### .type(types)
+
+Return the first accepted type (and it is returned as the same text as what
+appears in the `types` array). If nothing in `types` is accepted, then `false`
+is returned.
+
+The `types` array can contain full MIME types or file extensions. Any value
+that is not a full MIME types is passed to `require('mime-types').lookup`.
+
+#### .types()
+
+Return the types that the request accepts, in the order of the client's
+preference (most preferred first).
+
+## Examples
+
+### Simple type negotiation
+
+This simple example shows how to use `accepts` to return a different typed
+respond body based on what the client wants to accept. The server lists it's
+preferences in order and will get back the best match between the client and
+server.
+
+```js
+var accepts = require('accepts')
+var http = require('http')
+
+function app (req, res) {
+  var accept = accepts(req)
+
+  // the order of this list is significant; should be server preferred order
+  switch (accept.type(['json', 'html'])) {
+    case 'json':
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json')
+      res.write('{"hello":"world!"}')
+      break
+    case 'html':
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html')
+      res.write('<b>hello, world!</b>')
+      break
+    default:
+      // the fallback is text/plain, so no need to specify it above
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
+      res.write('hello, world!')
+      break
+  }
+
+  res.end()
+}
+
+http.createServer(app).listen(3000)
+```
+
+You can test this out with the cURL program:
+```sh
+curl -I -H'Accept: text/html' http://localhost:3000/
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/accepts/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/accepts?branch=master
+[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/accepts
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/accepts
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/accepts
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/accepts
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/jshttp/accepts/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/accepts
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/accepts/index.js b/backend/node_modules/accepts/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9b2f63fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/accepts/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*!
+ * accepts
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var Negotiator = require('negotiator')
+var mime = require('mime-types')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = Accepts
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Accepts object for the given req.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function Accepts (req) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Accepts)) {
+    return new Accepts(req)
+  }
+
+  this.headers = req.headers
+  this.negotiator = new Negotiator(req)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
+ * the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
+ * case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
+ *
+ * The `type` value may be a single mime type string
+ * such as "application/json", the extension name
+ * such as "json" or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
+ * or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/html
+ *     this.types('html');
+ *     // => "html"
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
+ *     this.types('html');
+ *     // => "html"
+ *     this.types('text/html');
+ *     // => "text/html"
+ *     this.types('json', 'text');
+ *     // => "json"
+ *     this.types('application/json');
+ *     // => "application/json"
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
+ *     this.types('image/png');
+ *     this.types('png');
+ *     // => undefined
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
+ *     this.types(['html', 'json']);
+ *     this.types('html', 'json');
+ *     // => "json"
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} types...
+ * @return {String|Array|Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Accepts.prototype.type =
+Accepts.prototype.types = function (types_) {
+  var types = types_
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (types && !Array.isArray(types)) {
+    types = new Array(arguments.length)
+    for (var i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
+      types[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no types, return all requested types
+  if (!types || types.length === 0) {
+    return this.negotiator.mediaTypes()
+  }
+
+  // no accept header, return first given type
+  if (!this.headers.accept) {
+    return types[0]
+  }
+
+  var mimes = types.map(extToMime)
+  var accepts = this.negotiator.mediaTypes(mimes.filter(validMime))
+  var first = accepts[0]
+
+  return first
+    ? types[mimes.indexOf(first)]
+    : false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return accepted encodings or best fit based on `encodings`.
+ *
+ * Given `Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate`
+ * an array sorted by quality is returned:
+ *
+ *     ['gzip', 'deflate']
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} encodings...
+ * @return {String|Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Accepts.prototype.encoding =
+Accepts.prototype.encodings = function (encodings_) {
+  var encodings = encodings_
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (encodings && !Array.isArray(encodings)) {
+    encodings = new Array(arguments.length)
+    for (var i = 0; i < encodings.length; i++) {
+      encodings[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no encodings, return all requested encodings
+  if (!encodings || encodings.length === 0) {
+    return this.negotiator.encodings()
+  }
+
+  return this.negotiator.encodings(encodings)[0] || false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return accepted charsets or best fit based on `charsets`.
+ *
+ * Given `Accept-Charset: utf-8, iso-8859-1;q=0.2, utf-7;q=0.5`
+ * an array sorted by quality is returned:
+ *
+ *     ['utf-8', 'utf-7', 'iso-8859-1']
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} charsets...
+ * @return {String|Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Accepts.prototype.charset =
+Accepts.prototype.charsets = function (charsets_) {
+  var charsets = charsets_
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (charsets && !Array.isArray(charsets)) {
+    charsets = new Array(arguments.length)
+    for (var i = 0; i < charsets.length; i++) {
+      charsets[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no charsets, return all requested charsets
+  if (!charsets || charsets.length === 0) {
+    return this.negotiator.charsets()
+  }
+
+  return this.negotiator.charsets(charsets)[0] || false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return accepted languages or best fit based on `langs`.
+ *
+ * Given `Accept-Language: en;q=0.8, es, pt`
+ * an array sorted by quality is returned:
+ *
+ *     ['es', 'pt', 'en']
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} langs...
+ * @return {Array|String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Accepts.prototype.lang =
+Accepts.prototype.langs =
+Accepts.prototype.language =
+Accepts.prototype.languages = function (languages_) {
+  var languages = languages_
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (languages && !Array.isArray(languages)) {
+    languages = new Array(arguments.length)
+    for (var i = 0; i < languages.length; i++) {
+      languages[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no languages, return all requested languages
+  if (!languages || languages.length === 0) {
+    return this.negotiator.languages()
+  }
+
+  return this.negotiator.languages(languages)[0] || false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert extnames to mime.
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @return {String}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function extToMime (type) {
+  return type.indexOf('/') === -1
+    ? mime.lookup(type)
+    : type
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if mime is valid.
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @return {String}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function validMime (type) {
+  return typeof type === 'string'
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/accepts/package.json b/backend/node_modules/accepts/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44cfe6a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/accepts/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "_from": "accepts@~1.3.7",
+  "_id": "accepts@1.3.7",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Il80Qs2WjYlJIBNzNkK6KYqlVMTbZLXgHx2oT0pU/fjRHyEp+PEfEPY0R3WCwAGVOtauxh1hOxNgIf5bv7dQpA==",
+  "_location": "/accepts",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "accepts@~1.3.7",
+    "name": "accepts",
+    "escapedName": "accepts",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.3.7",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.3.7"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/accepts/-/accepts-1.3.7.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "531bc726517a3b2b41f850021c6cc15eaab507cd",
+  "_spec": "accepts@~1.3.7",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/accepts/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "mime-types": "~2.1.24",
+    "negotiator": "0.6.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Higher-level content negotiation",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "deep-equal": "1.0.1",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "nyc": "14.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/accepts#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "content",
+    "negotiation",
+    "accept",
+    "accepts"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "accepts",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/accepts.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-travis": "nyc --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.3.7"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/README.md b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..256f1f321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+agent-base
+==========
+### Turn a function into an [`http.Agent`][http.Agent] instance
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-agent-base/workflows/Node%20CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-agent-base/actions?workflow=Node+CI)
+
+This module provides an `http.Agent` generator. That is, you pass it an async
+callback function, and it returns a new `http.Agent` instance that will invoke the
+given callback function when sending outbound HTTP requests.
+
+#### Some subclasses:
+
+Here's some more interesting uses of `agent-base`.
+Send a pull request to list yours!
+
+ * [`http-proxy-agent`][http-proxy-agent]: An HTTP(s) proxy `http.Agent` implementation for HTTP endpoints
+ * [`https-proxy-agent`][https-proxy-agent]: An HTTP(s) proxy `http.Agent` implementation for HTTPS endpoints
+ * [`pac-proxy-agent`][pac-proxy-agent]: A PAC file proxy `http.Agent` implementation for HTTP and HTTPS
+ * [`socks-proxy-agent`][socks-proxy-agent]: A SOCKS proxy `http.Agent` implementation for HTTP and HTTPS
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+Install with `npm`:
+
+``` bash
+$ npm install agent-base
+```
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+Here's a minimal example that creates a new `net.Socket` connection to the server
+for every HTTP request (i.e. the equivalent of `agent: false` option):
+
+```js
+var net = require('net');
+var tls = require('tls');
+var url = require('url');
+var http = require('http');
+var agent = require('agent-base');
+
+var endpoint = 'http://nodejs.org/api/';
+var parsed = url.parse(endpoint);
+
+// This is the important part!
+parsed.agent = agent(function (req, opts) {
+  var socket;
+  // `secureEndpoint` is true when using the https module
+  if (opts.secureEndpoint) {
+    socket = tls.connect(opts);
+  } else {
+    socket = net.connect(opts);
+  }
+  return socket;
+});
+
+// Everything else works just like normal...
+http.get(parsed, function (res) {
+  console.log('"response" event!', res.headers);
+  res.pipe(process.stdout);
+});
+```
+
+Returning a Promise or using an `async` function is also supported:
+
+```js
+agent(async function (req, opts) {
+  await sleep(1000);
+  // etc…
+});
+```
+
+Return another `http.Agent` instance to "pass through" the responsibility
+for that HTTP request to that agent:
+
+```js
+agent(function (req, opts) {
+  return opts.secureEndpoint ? https.globalAgent : http.globalAgent;
+});
+```
+
+
+API
+---
+
+## Agent(Function callback[, Object options]) → [http.Agent][]
+
+Creates a base `http.Agent` that will execute the callback function `callback`
+for every HTTP request that it is used as the `agent` for. The callback function
+is responsible for creating a `stream.Duplex` instance of some kind that will be
+used as the underlying socket in the HTTP request.
+
+The `options` object accepts the following properties:
+
+  * `timeout` - Number - Timeout for the `callback()` function in milliseconds. Defaults to Infinity (optional).
+
+The callback function should have the following signature:
+
+### callback(http.ClientRequest req, Object options, Function cb) → undefined
+
+The ClientRequest `req` can be accessed to read request headers and
+and the path, etc. The `options` object contains the options passed
+to the `http.request()`/`https.request()` function call, and is formatted
+to be directly passed to `net.connect()`/`tls.connect()`, or however
+else you want a Socket to be created. Pass the created socket to
+the callback function `cb` once created, and the HTTP request will
+continue to proceed.
+
+If the `https` module is used to invoke the HTTP request, then the
+`secureEndpoint` property on `options` _will be set to `true`_.
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Nathan Rajlich &lt;nathan@tootallnate.net&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+[http-proxy-agent]: https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-http-proxy-agent
+[https-proxy-agent]: https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-https-proxy-agent
+[pac-proxy-agent]: https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-pac-proxy-agent
+[socks-proxy-agent]: https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-socks-proxy-agent
+[http.Agent]: https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_agent
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc4ab744c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/// <reference types="node" />
+import net from 'net';
+import http from 'http';
+import https from 'https';
+import { Duplex } from 'stream';
+import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
+declare function createAgent(opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions): createAgent.Agent;
+declare function createAgent(callback: createAgent.AgentCallback, opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions): createAgent.Agent;
+declare namespace createAgent {
+    interface ClientRequest extends http.ClientRequest {
+        _last?: boolean;
+        _hadError?: boolean;
+        method: string;
+    }
+    interface AgentRequestOptions {
+        host?: string;
+        path?: string;
+        port: number;
+    }
+    interface HttpRequestOptions extends AgentRequestOptions, Omit<http.RequestOptions, keyof AgentRequestOptions> {
+        secureEndpoint: false;
+    }
+    interface HttpsRequestOptions extends AgentRequestOptions, Omit<https.RequestOptions, keyof AgentRequestOptions> {
+        secureEndpoint: true;
+    }
+    type RequestOptions = HttpRequestOptions | HttpsRequestOptions;
+    type AgentLike = Pick<createAgent.Agent, 'addRequest'> | http.Agent;
+    type AgentCallbackReturn = Duplex | AgentLike;
+    type AgentCallbackCallback = (err?: Error | null, socket?: createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn) => void;
+    type AgentCallbackPromise = (req: createAgent.ClientRequest, opts: createAgent.RequestOptions) => createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn | Promise<createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn>;
+    type AgentCallback = typeof Agent.prototype.callback;
+    type AgentOptions = {
+        timeout?: number;
+    };
+    /**
+     * Base `http.Agent` implementation.
+     * No pooling/keep-alive is implemented by default.
+     *
+     * @param {Function} callback
+     * @api public
+     */
+    class Agent extends EventEmitter {
+        timeout: number | null;
+        maxFreeSockets: number;
+        maxTotalSockets: number;
+        maxSockets: number;
+        sockets: {
+            [key: string]: net.Socket[];
+        };
+        freeSockets: {
+            [key: string]: net.Socket[];
+        };
+        requests: {
+            [key: string]: http.IncomingMessage[];
+        };
+        options: https.AgentOptions;
+        private promisifiedCallback?;
+        private explicitDefaultPort?;
+        private explicitProtocol?;
+        constructor(callback?: createAgent.AgentCallback | createAgent.AgentOptions, _opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions);
+        get defaultPort(): number;
+        set defaultPort(v: number);
+        get protocol(): string;
+        set protocol(v: string);
+        callback(req: createAgent.ClientRequest, opts: createAgent.RequestOptions, fn: createAgent.AgentCallbackCallback): void;
+        callback(req: createAgent.ClientRequest, opts: createAgent.RequestOptions): createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn | Promise<createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn>;
+        /**
+         * Called by node-core's "_http_client.js" module when creating
+         * a new HTTP request with this Agent instance.
+         *
+         * @api public
+         */
+        addRequest(req: ClientRequest, _opts: RequestOptions): void;
+        freeSocket(socket: net.Socket, opts: AgentOptions): void;
+        destroy(): void;
+    }
+}
+export = createAgent;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfd9e2207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+"use strict";
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+const events_1 = require("events");
+const debug_1 = __importDefault(require("debug"));
+const promisify_1 = __importDefault(require("./promisify"));
+const debug = debug_1.default('agent-base');
+function isAgent(v) {
+    return Boolean(v) && typeof v.addRequest === 'function';
+}
+function isSecureEndpoint() {
+    const { stack } = new Error();
+    if (typeof stack !== 'string')
+        return false;
+    return stack.split('\n').some(l => l.indexOf('(https.js:') !== -1 || l.indexOf('node:https:') !== -1);
+}
+function createAgent(callback, opts) {
+    return new createAgent.Agent(callback, opts);
+}
+(function (createAgent) {
+    /**
+     * Base `http.Agent` implementation.
+     * No pooling/keep-alive is implemented by default.
+     *
+     * @param {Function} callback
+     * @api public
+     */
+    class Agent extends events_1.EventEmitter {
+        constructor(callback, _opts) {
+            super();
+            let opts = _opts;
+            if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+                this.callback = callback;
+            }
+            else if (callback) {
+                opts = callback;
+            }
+            // Timeout for the socket to be returned from the callback
+            this.timeout = null;
+            if (opts && typeof opts.timeout === 'number') {
+                this.timeout = opts.timeout;
+            }
+            // These aren't actually used by `agent-base`, but are required
+            // for the TypeScript definition files in `@types/node` :/
+            this.maxFreeSockets = 1;
+            this.maxSockets = 1;
+            this.maxTotalSockets = Infinity;
+            this.sockets = {};
+            this.freeSockets = {};
+            this.requests = {};
+            this.options = {};
+        }
+        get defaultPort() {
+            if (typeof this.explicitDefaultPort === 'number') {
+                return this.explicitDefaultPort;
+            }
+            return isSecureEndpoint() ? 443 : 80;
+        }
+        set defaultPort(v) {
+            this.explicitDefaultPort = v;
+        }
+        get protocol() {
+            if (typeof this.explicitProtocol === 'string') {
+                return this.explicitProtocol;
+            }
+            return isSecureEndpoint() ? 'https:' : 'http:';
+        }
+        set protocol(v) {
+            this.explicitProtocol = v;
+        }
+        callback(req, opts, fn) {
+            throw new Error('"agent-base" has no default implementation, you must subclass and override `callback()`');
+        }
+        /**
+         * Called by node-core's "_http_client.js" module when creating
+         * a new HTTP request with this Agent instance.
+         *
+         * @api public
+         */
+        addRequest(req, _opts) {
+            const opts = Object.assign({}, _opts);
+            if (typeof opts.secureEndpoint !== 'boolean') {
+                opts.secureEndpoint = isSecureEndpoint();
+            }
+            if (opts.host == null) {
+                opts.host = 'localhost';
+            }
+            if (opts.port == null) {
+                opts.port = opts.secureEndpoint ? 443 : 80;
+            }
+            if (opts.protocol == null) {
+                opts.protocol = opts.secureEndpoint ? 'https:' : 'http:';
+            }
+            if (opts.host && opts.path) {
+                // If both a `host` and `path` are specified then it's most
+                // likely the result of a `url.parse()` call... we need to
+                // remove the `path` portion so that `net.connect()` doesn't
+                // attempt to open that as a unix socket file.
+                delete opts.path;
+            }
+            delete opts.agent;
+            delete opts.hostname;
+            delete opts._defaultAgent;
+            delete opts.defaultPort;
+            delete opts.createConnection;
+            // Hint to use "Connection: close"
+            // XXX: non-documented `http` module API :(
+            req._last = true;
+            req.shouldKeepAlive = false;
+            let timedOut = false;
+            let timeoutId = null;
+            const timeoutMs = opts.timeout || this.timeout;
+            const onerror = (err) => {
+                if (req._hadError)
+                    return;
+                req.emit('error', err);
+                // For Safety. Some additional errors might fire later on
+                // and we need to make sure we don't double-fire the error event.
+                req._hadError = true;
+            };
+            const ontimeout = () => {
+                timeoutId = null;
+                timedOut = true;
+                const err = new Error(`A "socket" was not created for HTTP request before ${timeoutMs}ms`);
+                err.code = 'ETIMEOUT';
+                onerror(err);
+            };
+            const callbackError = (err) => {
+                if (timedOut)
+                    return;
+                if (timeoutId !== null) {
+                    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+                    timeoutId = null;
+                }
+                onerror(err);
+            };
+            const onsocket = (socket) => {
+                if (timedOut)
+                    return;
+                if (timeoutId != null) {
+                    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+                    timeoutId = null;
+                }
+                if (isAgent(socket)) {
+                    // `socket` is actually an `http.Agent` instance, so
+                    // relinquish responsibility for this `req` to the Agent
+                    // from here on
+                    debug('Callback returned another Agent instance %o', socket.constructor.name);
+                    socket.addRequest(req, opts);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (socket) {
+                    socket.once('free', () => {
+                        this.freeSocket(socket, opts);
+                    });
+                    req.onSocket(socket);
+                    return;
+                }
+                const err = new Error(`no Duplex stream was returned to agent-base for \`${req.method} ${req.path}\``);
+                onerror(err);
+            };
+            if (typeof this.callback !== 'function') {
+                onerror(new Error('`callback` is not defined'));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!this.promisifiedCallback) {
+                if (this.callback.length >= 3) {
+                    debug('Converting legacy callback function to promise');
+                    this.promisifiedCallback = promisify_1.default(this.callback);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.promisifiedCallback = this.callback;
+                }
+            }
+            if (typeof timeoutMs === 'number' && timeoutMs > 0) {
+                timeoutId = setTimeout(ontimeout, timeoutMs);
+            }
+            if ('port' in opts && typeof opts.port !== 'number') {
+                opts.port = Number(opts.port);
+            }
+            try {
+                debug('Resolving socket for %o request: %o', opts.protocol, `${req.method} ${req.path}`);
+                Promise.resolve(this.promisifiedCallback(req, opts)).then(onsocket, callbackError);
+            }
+            catch (err) {
+                Promise.reject(err).catch(callbackError);
+            }
+        }
+        freeSocket(socket, opts) {
+            debug('Freeing socket %o %o', socket.constructor.name, opts);
+            socket.destroy();
+        }
+        destroy() {
+            debug('Destroying agent %o', this.constructor.name);
+        }
+    }
+    createAgent.Agent = Agent;
+    // So that `instanceof` works correctly
+    createAgent.prototype = createAgent.Agent.prototype;
+})(createAgent || (createAgent = {}));
+module.exports = createAgent;
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.js.map b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd118ab6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/index.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/index.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;AAIA,mCAAsC;AACtC,kDAAgC;AAChC,4DAAoC;AAEpC,MAAM,KAAK,GAAG,eAAW,CAAC,YAAY,CAAC,CAAC;AAExC,SAAS,OAAO,CAAC,CAAM;IACtB,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,UAAU,KAAK,UAAU,CAAC;AACzD,CAAC;AAED,SAAS,gBAAgB;IACxB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI,KAAK,EAAE,CAAC;IAC9B,IAAI,OAAO,KAAK,KAAK,QAAQ;QAAE,OAAO,KAAK,CAAC;IAC5C,OAAO,KAAK,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,YAAY,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC,IAAK,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AACxG,CAAC;AAOD,SAAS,WAAW,CACnB,QAA+D,EAC/D,IAA+B;IAE/B,OAAO,IAAI,WAAW,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,QAAQ,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;AAC9C,CAAC;AAED,WAAU,WAAW;IAmDpB;;;;;;OAMG;IACH,MAAa,KAAM,SAAQ,qBAAY;QAmBtC,YACC,QAA+D,EAC/D,KAAgC;YAEhC,KAAK,EAAE,CAAC;YAER,IAAI,IAAI,GAAG,KAAK,CAAC;YACjB,IAAI,OAAO,QAAQ,KAAK,UAAU,EAAE;gBACnC,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC;aACzB;iBAAM,IAAI,QAAQ,EAAE;gBACpB,IAAI,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC;aAChB;YAED,0DAA0D;YAC1D,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;YACpB,IAAI,IAAI,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,EAAE;gBAC7C,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;aAC5B;YAED,+DAA+D;YAC/D,0DAA0D;YAC1D,IAAI,CAAC,cAAc,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;YACxB,IAAI,CAAC,UAAU,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;YACpB,IAAI,CAAC,eAAe,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC;YAChC,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;YAClB,IAAI,CAAC,WAAW,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;YACtB,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;YACnB,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;QACnB,CAAC;QAED,IAAI,WAAW;YACd,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,mBAAmB,KAAK,QAAQ,EAAE;gBACjD,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,mBAAmB,CAAC;aAChC;YACD,OAAO,gBAAgB,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACtC,CAAC;QAED,IAAI,WAAW,CAAC,CAAS;YACxB,IAAI,CAAC,mBAAmB,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;QAC9B,CAAC;QAED,IAAI,QAAQ;YACX,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,gBAAgB,KAAK,QAAQ,EAAE;gBAC9C,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAC;aAC7B;YACD,OAAO,gBAAgB,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;QAChD,CAAC;QAED,IAAI,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAS;YACrB,IAAI,CAAC,gBAAgB,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;QAC3B,CAAC;QAaD,QAAQ,CACP,GAA8B,EAC9B,IAA8B,EAC9B,EAAsC;YAKtC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CACd,yFAAyF,CACzF,CAAC;QACH,CAAC;QAED;;;;;WAKG;QACH,UAAU,CAAC,GAAkB,EAAE,KAAqB;YACnD,MAAM,IAAI,qBAAwB,KAAK,CAAE,CAAC;YAE1C,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,cAAc,KAAK,SAAS,EAAE;gBAC7C,IAAI,CAAC,cAAc,GAAG,gBAAgB,EAAE,CAAC;aACzC;YAED,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,IAAI,IAAI,EAAE;gBACtB,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,GAAG,WAAW,CAAC;aACxB;YAED,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,IAAI,IAAI,EAAE;gBACtB,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;aAC3C;YAED,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,IAAI,IAAI,EAAE;gBAC1B,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;aACzD;YAED,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE;gBAC3B,2DAA2D;gBAC3D,0DAA0D;gBAC1D,4DAA4D;gBAC5D,8CAA8C;gBAC9C,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;aACjB;YAED,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC;YAClB,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC;YACrB,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC;YAC1B,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC;YACxB,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAC;YAE7B,kCAAkC;YAClC,2CAA2C;YAC3C,GAAG,CAAC,KAAK,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;YACjB,GAAG,CAAC,eAAe,GAAG,KAAK,CAAC;YAE5B,IAAI,QAAQ,GAAG,KAAK,CAAC;YACrB,IAAI,SAAS,GAAyC,IAAI,CAAC;YAC3D,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;YAE/C,MAAM,OAAO,GAAG,CAAC,GAA0B,EAAE,EAAE;gBAC9C,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC,SAAS;oBAAE,OAAO;gBAC1B,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;gBACvB,yDAAyD;gBACzD,iEAAiE;gBACjE,GAAG,CAAC,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;YACtB,CAAC,CAAC;YAEF,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,GAAG,EAAE;gBACtB,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;gBACjB,QAAQ,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;gBAChB,MAAM,GAAG,GAA0B,IAAI,KAAK,CAC3C,sDAAsD,SAAS,IAAI,CACnE,CAAC;gBACF,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,GAAG,UAAU,CAAC;gBACtB,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;YACd,CAAC,CAAC;YAEF,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,CAAC,GAA0B,EAAE,EAAE;gBACpD,IAAI,QAAQ;oBAAE,OAAO;gBACrB,IAAI,SAAS,KAAK,IAAI,EAAE;oBACvB,YAAY,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;oBACxB,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;iBACjB;gBACD,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;YACd,CAAC,CAAC;YAEF,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,CAAC,MAA2B,EAAE,EAAE;gBAChD,IAAI,QAAQ;oBAAE,OAAO;gBACrB,IAAI,SAAS,IAAI,IAAI,EAAE;oBACtB,YAAY,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;oBACxB,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;iBACjB;gBAED,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE;oBACpB,oDAAoD;oBACpD,wDAAwD;oBACxD,eAAe;oBACf,KAAK,CACJ,6CAA6C,EAC7C,MAAM,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC,IAAI,CACvB,CAAC;oBACD,MAA4B,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;oBACpD,OAAO;iBACP;gBAED,IAAI,MAAM,EAAE;oBACX,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE;wBACxB,IAAI,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,MAAoB,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;oBAC7C,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;oBACH,GAAG,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAoB,CAAC,CAAC;oBACnC,OAAO;iBACP;gBAED,MAAM,GAAG,GAAG,IAAI,KAAK,CACpB,qDAAqD,GAAG,CAAC,MAAM,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,IAAI,CAC/E,CAAC;gBACF,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;YACd,CAAC,CAAC;YAEF,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,KAAK,UAAU,EAAE;gBACxC,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,2BAA2B,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;gBAChD,OAAO;aACP;YAED,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,mBAAmB,EAAE;gBAC9B,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE;oBAC9B,KAAK,CAAC,gDAAgD,CAAC,CAAC;oBACxD,IAAI,CAAC,mBAAmB,GAAG,mBAAS,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC;iBACpD;qBAAM;oBACN,IAAI,CAAC,mBAAmB,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC;iBACzC;aACD;YAED,IAAI,OAAO,SAAS,KAAK,QAAQ,IAAI,SAAS,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE;gBACnD,SAAS,GAAG,UAAU,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;aAC7C;YAED,IAAI,MAAM,IAAI,IAAI,IAAI,OA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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02688696f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import { ClientRequest, RequestOptions, AgentCallbackCallback, AgentCallbackPromise } from './index';
+declare type LegacyCallback = (req: ClientRequest, opts: RequestOptions, fn: AgentCallbackCallback) => void;
+export default function promisify(fn: LegacyCallback): AgentCallbackPromise;
+export {};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2f6132a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+function promisify(fn) {
+    return function (req, opts) {
+        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+            fn.call(this, req, opts, (err, rtn) => {
+                if (err) {
+                    reject(err);
+                }
+                else {
+                    resolve(rtn);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    };
+}
+exports.default = promisify;
+//# sourceMappingURL=promisify.js.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.js.map b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bff9bfcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/dist/src/promisify.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"promisify.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/promisify.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;AAeA,SAAwB,SAAS,CAAC,EAAkB;IACnD,OAAO,UAAsB,GAAkB,EAAE,IAAoB;QACpE,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;YACtC,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,CACN,IAAI,EACJ,GAAG,EACH,IAAI,EACJ,CAAC,GAA6B,EAAE,GAAyB,EAAE,EAAE;gBAC5D,IAAI,GAAG,EAAE;oBACR,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;iBACZ;qBAAM;oBACN,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;iBACb;YACF,CAAC,CACD,CAAC;QACH,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IACJ,CAAC,CAAC;AACH,CAAC;AAjBD,4BAiBC"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658c933d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software 
+and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, 
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial 
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/README.md b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88dae35d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+# debug
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug)  [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/visionmedia/debug/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/visionmedia/debug?branch=master)  [![Slack](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/backers/badge.svg)](#backers)
+[![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsors/badge.svg)](#sponsors)
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
+
+A tiny JavaScript debugging utility modelled after Node.js core's debugging
+technique. Works in Node.js and web browsers.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+$ npm install debug
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+`debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
+
+Example [_app.js_](./examples/node/app.js):
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('http')
+  , http = require('http')
+  , name = 'My App';
+
+// fake app
+
+debug('booting %o', name);
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res){
+  debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
+  res.end('hello\n');
+}).listen(3000, function(){
+  debug('listening');
+});
+
+// fake worker of some kind
+
+require('./worker');
+```
+
+Example [_worker.js_](./examples/node/worker.js):
+
+```js
+var a = require('debug')('worker:a')
+  , b = require('debug')('worker:b');
+
+function work() {
+  a('doing lots of uninteresting work');
+  setTimeout(work, Math.random() * 1000);
+}
+
+work();
+
+function workb() {
+  b('doing some work');
+  setTimeout(workb, Math.random() * 2000);
+}
+
+workb();
+```
+
+The `DEBUG` environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or
+comma-delimited names.
+
+Here are some examples:
+
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 04 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091703-a6302cdc-7c38-11e7-8304-7c0b3bc600cd.png">
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 38 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091700-a62a6888-7c38-11e7-800b-db911291ca2b.png">
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 25 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091701-a62ea114-7c38-11e7-826a-2692bedca740.png">
+
+#### Windows command prompt notes
+
+##### CMD
+
+On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
+
+```cmd
+set DEBUG=*,-not_this
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```cmd
+set DEBUG=* & node app.js
+```
+
+##### PowerShell (VS Code default)
+
+PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
+
+```cmd
+$env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```cmd
+$env:DEBUG='app';node app.js
+```
+
+Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
+
+npm script example:
+```js
+  "windowsDebug": "@powershell -Command $env:DEBUG='*';node app.js",
+```
+
+## Namespace Colors
+
+Every debug instance has a color generated for it based on its namespace name.
+This helps when visually parsing the debug output to identify which debug instance
+a debug line belongs to.
+
+#### Node.js
+
+In Node.js, colors are enabled when stderr is a TTY. You also _should_ install
+the [`supports-color`](https://npmjs.org/supports-color) module alongside debug,
+otherwise debug will only use a small handful of basic colors.
+
+<img width="521" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092181-47f6a9e6-7c3a-11e7-9a14-1928d8a711cd.png">
+
+#### Web Browser
+
+Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
+option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
+31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
+and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
+
+<img width="524" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092033-b65f9f2e-7c39-11e7-8e32-f6f0d8e865c1.png">
+
+
+## Millisecond diff
+
+When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
+
+When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toISOString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091956-6bd78372-7c39-11e7-8c55-c948396d6edd.png">
+
+
+## Conventions
+
+If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser".  If you append a "*" to the end of your name, it will always be enabled regardless of the setting of the DEBUG environment variable.  You can then use it for normal output as well as debug output.
+
+## Wildcards
+
+The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has
+debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session",
+instead of listing all three with
+`DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do
+`DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
+
+You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character.
+For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those
+starting with "connect:".
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
+change the behavior of the debug logging:
+
+| Name      | Purpose                                         |
+|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| `DEBUG`   | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
+| `DEBUG_HIDE_DATE` | Hide date from debug output (non-TTY).  |
+| `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
+| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth.                    |
+| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
+
+
+__Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
+converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
+See the Node.js documentation for
+[`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
+for the complete list.
+
+## Formatters
+
+Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting.
+Below are the officially supported formatters:
+
+| Formatter | Representation |
+|-----------|----------------|
+| `%O`      | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
+| `%o`      | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
+| `%s`      | String. |
+| `%d`      | Number (both integer and float). |
+| `%j`      | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
+| `%%`      | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
+
+
+### Custom formatters
+
+You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object.
+For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with
+`%h`, you could do something like:
+
+```js
+const createDebug = require('debug')
+createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
+  return v.toString('hex')
+}
+
+// …elsewhere
+const debug = createDebug('foo')
+debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
+//   foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
+```
+
+
+## Browser Support
+
+You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
+or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
+if you don't want to build it yourself.
+
+Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
+Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
+and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
+
+```js
+localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
+```
+
+And then refresh the page.
+
+```js
+a = debug('worker:a');
+b = debug('worker:b');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  a('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  b('doing some work');
+}, 1200);
+```
+
+
+## Output streams
+
+  By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
+
+Example [_stdout.js_](./examples/node/stdout.js):
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug');
+var error = debug('app:error');
+
+// by default stderr is used
+error('goes to stderr!');
+
+var log = debug('app:log');
+// set this namespace to log via console.log
+log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
+log('goes to stdout');
+error('still goes to stderr!');
+
+// set all output to go via console.info
+// overrides all per-namespace log settings
+debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
+error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
+log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
+```
+
+## Extend
+You can simply extend debugger 
+```js
+const log = require('debug')('auth');
+
+//creates new debug instance with extended namespace
+const logSign = log.extend('sign');
+const logLogin = log.extend('login');
+
+log('hello'); // auth hello
+logSign('hello'); //auth:sign hello
+logLogin('hello'); //auth:login hello
+```
+
+## Set dynamically
+
+You can also enable debug dynamically by calling the `enable()` method :
+
+```js
+let debug = require('debug');
+
+console.log(1, debug.enabled('test'));
+
+debug.enable('test');
+console.log(2, debug.enabled('test'));
+
+debug.disable();
+console.log(3, debug.enabled('test'));
+
+```
+
+print :   
+```
+1 false
+2 true
+3 false
+```
+
+Usage :  
+`enable(namespaces)`  
+`namespaces` can include modes separated by a colon and wildcards.
+   
+Note that calling `enable()` completely overrides previously set DEBUG variable : 
+
+```
+$ DEBUG=foo node -e 'var dbg = require("debug"); dbg.enable("bar"); console.log(dbg.enabled("foo"))'
+=> false
+```
+
+`disable()`
+
+Will disable all namespaces. The functions returns the namespaces currently
+enabled (and skipped). This can be useful if you want to disable debugging
+temporarily without knowing what was enabled to begin with.
+
+For example:
+
+```js
+let debug = require('debug');
+debug.enable('foo:*,-foo:bar');
+let namespaces = debug.disable();
+debug.enable(namespaces);
+```
+
+Note: There is no guarantee that the string will be identical to the initial
+enable string, but semantically they will be identical.
+
+## Checking whether a debug target is enabled
+
+After you've created a debug instance, you can determine whether or not it is
+enabled by checking the `enabled` property:
+
+```javascript
+const debug = require('debug')('http');
+
+if (debug.enabled) {
+  // do stuff...
+}
+```
+
+You can also manually toggle this property to force the debug instance to be
+enabled or disabled.
+
+
+## Authors
+
+ - TJ Holowaychuk
+ - Nathan Rajlich
+ - Andrew Rhyne
+
+## Backers
+
+Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/6/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/6/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/7/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/7/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/8/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/9/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/9/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/10/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/10/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/11/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/11/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/5/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/6/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/6/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/7/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/7/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/8/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/9/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/9/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/10/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/10/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+## License
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/package.json b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f5047f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+{
+  "_from": "debug@4",
+  "_id": "debug@4.3.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-doEwdvm4PCeK4K3RQN2ZC2BYUBaxwLARCqZmMjtF8a51J2Rb0xpVloFRnCODwqjpwnAoao4pelN8l3RJdv3gRQ==",
+  "_location": "/agent-base/debug",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "debug@4",
+    "name": "debug",
+    "escapedName": "debug",
+    "rawSpec": "4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/agent-base"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-4.3.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f0d229c505e0c6d8c49ac553d1b13dc183f6b2ee",
+  "_spec": "debug@4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\agent-base",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
+  },
+  "browser": "./src/browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+      "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+      "url": "http://n8.io"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Andrew Rhyne",
+      "email": "rhyneandrew@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Josh Junon",
+      "email": "josh@junon.me"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ms": "2.1.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "brfs": "^2.0.1",
+    "browserify": "^16.2.3",
+    "coveralls": "^3.0.2",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "karma": "^3.1.4",
+    "karma-browserify": "^6.0.0",
+    "karma-chrome-launcher": "^2.2.0",
+    "karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
+    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
+    "mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
+    "xo": "^0.23.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=6.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "src",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./src/index.js",
+  "name": "debug",
+  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+    "supports-color": {
+      "optional": true
+    }
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/visionmedia/debug.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "xo",
+    "test": "npm run test:node && npm run test:browser && npm run lint",
+    "test:browser": "karma start --single-run",
+    "test:coverage": "cat ./coverage/lcov.info | coveralls",
+    "test:node": "istanbul cover _mocha -- test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "4.3.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd0fc35d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/* eslint-env browser */
+
+/**
+ * This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
+ */
+
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.storage = localstorage();
+exports.destroy = (() => {
+	let warned = false;
+
+	return () => {
+		if (!warned) {
+			warned = true;
+			console.warn('Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.');
+		}
+	};
+})();
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [
+	'#0000CC',
+	'#0000FF',
+	'#0033CC',
+	'#0033FF',
+	'#0066CC',
+	'#0066FF',
+	'#0099CC',
+	'#0099FF',
+	'#00CC00',
+	'#00CC33',
+	'#00CC66',
+	'#00CC99',
+	'#00CCCC',
+	'#00CCFF',
+	'#3300CC',
+	'#3300FF',
+	'#3333CC',
+	'#3333FF',
+	'#3366CC',
+	'#3366FF',
+	'#3399CC',
+	'#3399FF',
+	'#33CC00',
+	'#33CC33',
+	'#33CC66',
+	'#33CC99',
+	'#33CCCC',
+	'#33CCFF',
+	'#6600CC',
+	'#6600FF',
+	'#6633CC',
+	'#6633FF',
+	'#66CC00',
+	'#66CC33',
+	'#9900CC',
+	'#9900FF',
+	'#9933CC',
+	'#9933FF',
+	'#99CC00',
+	'#99CC33',
+	'#CC0000',
+	'#CC0033',
+	'#CC0066',
+	'#CC0099',
+	'#CC00CC',
+	'#CC00FF',
+	'#CC3300',
+	'#CC3333',
+	'#CC3366',
+	'#CC3399',
+	'#CC33CC',
+	'#CC33FF',
+	'#CC6600',
+	'#CC6633',
+	'#CC9900',
+	'#CC9933',
+	'#CCCC00',
+	'#CCCC33',
+	'#FF0000',
+	'#FF0033',
+	'#FF0066',
+	'#FF0099',
+	'#FF00CC',
+	'#FF00FF',
+	'#FF3300',
+	'#FF3333',
+	'#FF3366',
+	'#FF3399',
+	'#FF33CC',
+	'#FF33FF',
+	'#FF6600',
+	'#FF6633',
+	'#FF9900',
+	'#FF9933',
+	'#FFCC00',
+	'#FFCC33'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
+ * and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
+ * to support "%c" CSS customizations.
+ *
+ * TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
+ */
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line complexity
+function useColors() {
+	// NB: In an Electron preload script, document will be defined but not fully
+	// initialized. Since we know we're in Chrome, we'll just detect this case
+	// explicitly
+	if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.process && (window.process.type === 'renderer' || window.process.__nwjs)) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	// Internet Explorer and Edge do not support colors.
+	if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/(edge|trident)\/(\d+)/)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
+	// document is undefined in react-native: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/1632
+	return (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement && document.documentElement.style && document.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance) ||
+		// Is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
+		(typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.console && (window.console.firebug || (window.console.exception && window.console.table))) ||
+		// Is firefox >= v31?
+		// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
+		(typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/) && parseInt(RegExp.$1, 10) >= 31) ||
+		// Double check webkit in userAgent just in case we are in a worker
+		(typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/applewebkit\/(\d+)/));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Colorize log arguments if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+	args[0] = (this.useColors ? '%c' : '') +
+		this.namespace +
+		(this.useColors ? ' %c' : ' ') +
+		args[0] +
+		(this.useColors ? '%c ' : ' ') +
+		'+' + module.exports.humanize(this.diff);
+
+	if (!this.useColors) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const c = 'color: ' + this.color;
+	args.splice(1, 0, c, 'color: inherit');
+
+	// The final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
+	// arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
+	// figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
+	let index = 0;
+	let lastC = 0;
+	args[0].replace(/%[a-zA-Z%]/g, match => {
+		if (match === '%%') {
+			return;
+		}
+		index++;
+		if (match === '%c') {
+			// We only are interested in the *last* %c
+			// (the user may have provided their own)
+			lastC = index;
+		}
+	});
+
+	args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.debug()` when available.
+ * No-op when `console.debug` is not a "function".
+ * If `console.debug` is not available, falls back
+ * to `console.log`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+exports.log = console.debug || console.log || (() => {});
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+function save(namespaces) {
+	try {
+		if (namespaces) {
+			exports.storage.setItem('debug', namespaces);
+		} else {
+			exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
+		}
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Swallow
+		// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+function load() {
+	let r;
+	try {
+		r = exports.storage.getItem('debug');
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Swallow
+		// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
+	}
+
+	// If debug isn't set in LS, and we're in Electron, try to load $DEBUG
+	if (!r && typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'env' in process) {
+		r = process.env.DEBUG;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
+ *
+ * This is necessary because safari throws
+ * when a user disables cookies/localstorage
+ * and you attempt to access it.
+ *
+ * @return {LocalStorage}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function localstorage() {
+	try {
+		// TVMLKit (Apple TV JS Runtime) does not have a window object, just localStorage in the global context
+		// The Browser also has localStorage in the global context.
+		return localStorage;
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Swallow
+		// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
+	}
+}
+
+module.exports = require('./common')(exports);
+
+const {formatters} = module.exports;
+
+/**
+ * Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
+ */
+
+formatters.j = function (v) {
+	try {
+		return JSON.stringify(v);
+	} catch (error) {
+		return '[UnexpectedJSONParseError]: ' + error.message;
+	}
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/common.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/common.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..392a8e005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/common.js
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+
+/**
+ * This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
+ * implementations of `debug()`.
+ */
+
+function setup(env) {
+	createDebug.debug = createDebug;
+	createDebug.default = createDebug;
+	createDebug.coerce = coerce;
+	createDebug.disable = disable;
+	createDebug.enable = enable;
+	createDebug.enabled = enabled;
+	createDebug.humanize = require('ms');
+	createDebug.destroy = destroy;
+
+	Object.keys(env).forEach(key => {
+		createDebug[key] = env[key];
+	});
+
+	/**
+	* The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
+	*/
+
+	createDebug.names = [];
+	createDebug.skips = [];
+
+	/**
+	* Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
+	*
+	* Valid key names are a single, lower or upper-case letter, i.e. "n" and "N".
+	*/
+	createDebug.formatters = {};
+
+	/**
+	* Selects a color for a debug namespace
+	* @param {String} namespace The namespace string for the for the debug instance to be colored
+	* @return {Number|String} An ANSI color code for the given namespace
+	* @api private
+	*/
+	function selectColor(namespace) {
+		let hash = 0;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < namespace.length; i++) {
+			hash = ((hash << 5) - hash) + namespace.charCodeAt(i);
+			hash |= 0; // Convert to 32bit integer
+		}
+
+		return createDebug.colors[Math.abs(hash) % createDebug.colors.length];
+	}
+	createDebug.selectColor = selectColor;
+
+	/**
+	* Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
+	*
+	* @param {String} namespace
+	* @return {Function}
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function createDebug(namespace) {
+		let prevTime;
+		let enableOverride = null;
+
+		function debug(...args) {
+			// Disabled?
+			if (!debug.enabled) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const self = debug;
+
+			// Set `diff` timestamp
+			const curr = Number(new Date());
+			const ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
+			self.diff = ms;
+			self.prev = prevTime;
+			self.curr = curr;
+			prevTime = curr;
+
+			args[0] = createDebug.coerce(args[0]);
+
+			if (typeof args[0] !== 'string') {
+				// Anything else let's inspect with %O
+				args.unshift('%O');
+			}
+
+			// Apply any `formatters` transformations
+			let index = 0;
+			args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-zA-Z%])/g, (match, format) => {
+				// If we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
+				if (match === '%%') {
+					return '%';
+				}
+				index++;
+				const formatter = createDebug.formatters[format];
+				if (typeof formatter === 'function') {
+					const val = args[index];
+					match = formatter.call(self, val);
+
+					// Now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
+					args.splice(index, 1);
+					index--;
+				}
+				return match;
+			});
+
+			// Apply env-specific formatting (colors, etc.)
+			createDebug.formatArgs.call(self, args);
+
+			const logFn = self.log || createDebug.log;
+			logFn.apply(self, args);
+		}
+
+		debug.namespace = namespace;
+		debug.useColors = createDebug.useColors();
+		debug.color = createDebug.selectColor(namespace);
+		debug.extend = extend;
+		debug.destroy = createDebug.destroy; // XXX Temporary. Will be removed in the next major release.
+
+		Object.defineProperty(debug, 'enabled', {
+			enumerable: true,
+			configurable: false,
+			get: () => enableOverride === null ? createDebug.enabled(namespace) : enableOverride,
+			set: v => {
+				enableOverride = v;
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Env-specific initialization logic for debug instances
+		if (typeof createDebug.init === 'function') {
+			createDebug.init(debug);
+		}
+
+		return debug;
+	}
+
+	function extend(namespace, delimiter) {
+		const newDebug = createDebug(this.namespace + (typeof delimiter === 'undefined' ? ':' : delimiter) + namespace);
+		newDebug.log = this.log;
+		return newDebug;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
+	* separated by a colon and wildcards.
+	*
+	* @param {String} namespaces
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function enable(namespaces) {
+		createDebug.save(namespaces);
+
+		createDebug.names = [];
+		createDebug.skips = [];
+
+		let i;
+		const split = (typeof namespaces === 'string' ? namespaces : '').split(/[\s,]+/);
+		const len = split.length;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+			if (!split[i]) {
+				// ignore empty strings
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
+
+			if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
+				createDebug.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.substr(1) + '$'));
+			} else {
+				createDebug.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Disable debug output.
+	*
+	* @return {String} namespaces
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function disable() {
+		const namespaces = [
+			...createDebug.names.map(toNamespace),
+			...createDebug.skips.map(toNamespace).map(namespace => '-' + namespace)
+		].join(',');
+		createDebug.enable('');
+		return namespaces;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
+	*
+	* @param {String} name
+	* @return {Boolean}
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function enabled(name) {
+		if (name[name.length - 1] === '*') {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		let i;
+		let len;
+
+		for (i = 0, len = createDebug.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
+			if (createDebug.skips[i].test(name)) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0, len = createDebug.names.length; i < len; i++) {
+			if (createDebug.names[i].test(name)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Convert regexp to namespace
+	*
+	* @param {RegExp} regxep
+	* @return {String} namespace
+	* @api private
+	*/
+	function toNamespace(regexp) {
+		return regexp.toString()
+			.substring(2, regexp.toString().length - 2)
+			.replace(/\.\*\?$/, '*');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Coerce `val`.
+	*
+	* @param {Mixed} val
+	* @return {Mixed}
+	* @api private
+	*/
+	function coerce(val) {
+		if (val instanceof Error) {
+			return val.stack || val.message;
+		}
+		return val;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* XXX DO NOT USE. This is a temporary stub function.
+	* XXX It WILL be removed in the next major release.
+	*/
+	function destroy() {
+		console.warn('Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.');
+	}
+
+	createDebug.enable(createDebug.load());
+
+	return createDebug;
+}
+
+module.exports = setup;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/index.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf4c57f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * Detect Electron renderer / nwjs process, which is node, but we should
+ * treat as a browser.
+ */
+
+if (typeof process === 'undefined' || process.type === 'renderer' || process.browser === true || process.__nwjs) {
+	module.exports = require('./browser.js');
+} else {
+	module.exports = require('./node.js');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/node.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79bc085cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const tty = require('tty');
+const util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * This is the Node.js implementation of `debug()`.
+ */
+
+exports.init = init;
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.destroy = util.deprecate(
+	() => {},
+	'Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.'
+);
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1];
+
+try {
+	// Optional dependency (as in, doesn't need to be installed, NOT like optionalDependencies in package.json)
+	// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
+	const supportsColor = require('supports-color');
+
+	if (supportsColor && (supportsColor.stderr || supportsColor).level >= 2) {
+		exports.colors = [
+			20,
+			21,
+			26,
+			27,
+			32,
+			33,
+			38,
+			39,
+			40,
+			41,
+			42,
+			43,
+			44,
+			45,
+			56,
+			57,
+			62,
+			63,
+			68,
+			69,
+			74,
+			75,
+			76,
+			77,
+			78,
+			79,
+			80,
+			81,
+			92,
+			93,
+			98,
+			99,
+			112,
+			113,
+			128,
+			129,
+			134,
+			135,
+			148,
+			149,
+			160,
+			161,
+			162,
+			163,
+			164,
+			165,
+			166,
+			167,
+			168,
+			169,
+			170,
+			171,
+			172,
+			173,
+			178,
+			179,
+			184,
+			185,
+			196,
+			197,
+			198,
+			199,
+			200,
+			201,
+			202,
+			203,
+			204,
+			205,
+			206,
+			207,
+			208,
+			209,
+			214,
+			215,
+			220,
+			221
+		];
+	}
+} catch (error) {
+	// Swallow - we only care if `supports-color` is available; it doesn't have to be.
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build up the default `inspectOpts` object from the environment variables.
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_COLORS=no DEBUG_DEPTH=10 DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN=enabled node script.js
+ */
+
+exports.inspectOpts = Object.keys(process.env).filter(key => {
+	return /^debug_/i.test(key);
+}).reduce((obj, key) => {
+	// Camel-case
+	const prop = key
+		.substring(6)
+		.toLowerCase()
+		.replace(/_([a-z])/g, (_, k) => {
+			return k.toUpperCase();
+		});
+
+	// Coerce string value into JS value
+	let val = process.env[key];
+	if (/^(yes|on|true|enabled)$/i.test(val)) {
+		val = true;
+	} else if (/^(no|off|false|disabled)$/i.test(val)) {
+		val = false;
+	} else if (val === 'null') {
+		val = null;
+	} else {
+		val = Number(val);
+	}
+
+	obj[prop] = val;
+	return obj;
+}, {});
+
+/**
+ * Is stdout a TTY? Colored output is enabled when `true`.
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+	return 'colors' in exports.inspectOpts ?
+		Boolean(exports.inspectOpts.colors) :
+		tty.isatty(process.stderr.fd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds ANSI color escape codes if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+	const {namespace: name, useColors} = this;
+
+	if (useColors) {
+		const c = this.color;
+		const colorCode = '\u001B[3' + (c < 8 ? c : '8;5;' + c);
+		const prefix = `  ${colorCode};1m${name} \u001B[0m`;
+
+		args[0] = prefix + args[0].split('\n').join('\n' + prefix);
+		args.push(colorCode + 'm+' + module.exports.humanize(this.diff) + '\u001B[0m');
+	} else {
+		args[0] = getDate() + name + ' ' + args[0];
+	}
+}
+
+function getDate() {
+	if (exports.inspectOpts.hideDate) {
+		return '';
+	}
+	return new Date().toISOString() + ' ';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `util.format()` with the specified arguments and writes to stderr.
+ */
+
+function log(...args) {
+	return process.stderr.write(util.format(...args) + '\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+function save(namespaces) {
+	if (namespaces) {
+		process.env.DEBUG = namespaces;
+	} else {
+		// If you set a process.env field to null or undefined, it gets cast to the
+		// string 'null' or 'undefined'. Just delete instead.
+		delete process.env.DEBUG;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+	return process.env.DEBUG;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Init logic for `debug` instances.
+ *
+ * Create a new `inspectOpts` object in case `useColors` is set
+ * differently for a particular `debug` instance.
+ */
+
+function init(debug) {
+	debug.inspectOpts = {};
+
+	const keys = Object.keys(exports.inspectOpts);
+	for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+		debug.inspectOpts[keys[i]] = exports.inspectOpts[keys[i]];
+	}
+}
+
+module.exports = require('./common')(exports);
+
+const {formatters} = module.exports;
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, all on a single line.
+ */
+
+formatters.o = function (v) {
+	this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+	return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts)
+		.split('\n')
+		.map(str => str.trim())
+		.join(' ');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map %O to `util.inspect()`, allowing multiple lines if needed.
+ */
+
+formatters.O = function (v) {
+	this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+	return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/index.js b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4498bcc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var w = d * 7;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isFinite(val)) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^(-?(?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'weeks':
+    case 'week':
+    case 'w':
+      return n * w;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, d, 'day');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, h, 'hour');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, m, 'minute');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, s, 'second');
+  }
+  return ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, msAbs, n, name) {
+  var isPlural = msAbs >= n * 1.5;
+  return Math.round(ms / n) + ' ' + name + (isPlural ? 's' : '');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/license.md b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b61253a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Zeit, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/package.json b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bce312db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_id": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w==",
+  "_location": "/agent-base/ms",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ms@2.1.2",
+    "name": "ms",
+    "escapedName": "ms",
+    "rawSpec": "2.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/agent-base/debug"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d09d1f357b443f493382a8eb3ccd183872ae6009",
+  "_spec": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\agent-base\\node_modules\\debug",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/zeit/ms/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Tiny millisecond conversion utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "4.12.1",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.14.3",
+    "lint-staged": "5.0.0",
+    "mocha": "4.0.1"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/zeit/ms#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "ms",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/zeit/ms.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a1996b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/node_modules/ms/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# ms
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms)
+[![Join the community on Spectrum](https://withspectrum.github.io/badge/badge.svg)](https://spectrum.chat/zeit)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+ms('-3 days') // -259200000
+ms('-1h')     // -3600000
+ms('-200')    // -200
+```
+
+### Convert from Milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(-3 * 60000)        // "-3m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time Format Written-Out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(-3 * 60000, { long: true })        // "-3 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`)
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent milliseconds is returned
+
+## Related Packages
+
+- [ms.macro](https://github.com/knpwrs/ms.macro) - Run `ms` as a macro at build-time.
+
+## Caught a Bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, Node.js will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/package.json b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3257255dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{
+  "_from": "agent-base@6",
+  "_id": "agent-base@6.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-RZNwNclF7+MS/8bDg70amg32dyeZGZxiDuQmZxKLAlQjr3jGyLx+4Kkk58UO7D2QdgFIQCovuSuZESne6RG6XQ==",
+  "_location": "/agent-base",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "agent-base@6",
+    "name": "agent-base",
+    "escapedName": "agent-base",
+    "rawSpec": "6",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "6"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/https-proxy-agent"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/agent-base/-/agent-base-6.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "49fff58577cfee3f37176feab4c22e00f86d7f77",
+  "_spec": "agent-base@6",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\https-proxy-agent",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+    "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+    "url": "http://n8.io/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-agent-base/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "debug": "4"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Turn a function into an `http.Agent` instance",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/debug": "4",
+    "@types/mocha": "^5.2.7",
+    "@types/node": "^14.0.20",
+    "@types/semver": "^7.1.0",
+    "@types/ws": "^6.0.3",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "1.6.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "1.1.0",
+    "async-listen": "^1.2.0",
+    "cpy-cli": "^2.0.0",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-airbnb": "17.1.0",
+    "eslint-config-prettier": "4.1.0",
+    "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "1.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.16.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "6.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-react": "7.12.4",
+    "mocha": "^6.2.0",
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.0",
+    "semver": "^7.1.2",
+    "typescript": "^3.5.3",
+    "ws": "^3.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 6.0.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "dist/src",
+    "src"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-agent-base#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "agent",
+    "base",
+    "barebones",
+    "https"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "dist/src/index",
+  "name": "agent-base",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/TooTallNate/node-agent-base.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc",
+    "postbuild": "cpy --parents src test '!**/*.ts' dist",
+    "prebuild": "rimraf dist",
+    "prepublishOnly": "npm run build",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec dist/test/*.js",
+    "test-lint": "eslint src --ext .js,.ts"
+  },
+  "typings": "dist/src/index",
+  "version": "6.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/src/index.ts b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a47ccd493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+import net from 'net';
+import http from 'http';
+import https from 'https';
+import { Duplex } from 'stream';
+import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
+import createDebug from 'debug';
+import promisify from './promisify';
+
+const debug = createDebug('agent-base');
+
+function isAgent(v: any): v is createAgent.AgentLike {
+	return Boolean(v) && typeof v.addRequest === 'function';
+}
+
+function isSecureEndpoint(): boolean {
+	const { stack } = new Error();
+	if (typeof stack !== 'string') return false;
+	return stack.split('\n').some(l => l.indexOf('(https.js:') !== -1  || l.indexOf('node:https:') !== -1);
+}
+
+function createAgent(opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions): createAgent.Agent;
+function createAgent(
+	callback: createAgent.AgentCallback,
+	opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions
+): createAgent.Agent;
+function createAgent(
+	callback?: createAgent.AgentCallback | createAgent.AgentOptions,
+	opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions
+) {
+	return new createAgent.Agent(callback, opts);
+}
+
+namespace createAgent {
+	export interface ClientRequest extends http.ClientRequest {
+		_last?: boolean;
+		_hadError?: boolean;
+		method: string;
+	}
+
+	export interface AgentRequestOptions {
+		host?: string;
+		path?: string;
+		// `port` on `http.RequestOptions` can be a string or undefined,
+		// but `net.TcpNetConnectOpts` expects only a number
+		port: number;
+	}
+
+	export interface HttpRequestOptions
+		extends AgentRequestOptions,
+			Omit<http.RequestOptions, keyof AgentRequestOptions> {
+		secureEndpoint: false;
+	}
+
+	export interface HttpsRequestOptions
+		extends AgentRequestOptions,
+			Omit<https.RequestOptions, keyof AgentRequestOptions> {
+		secureEndpoint: true;
+	}
+
+	export type RequestOptions = HttpRequestOptions | HttpsRequestOptions;
+
+	export type AgentLike = Pick<createAgent.Agent, 'addRequest'> | http.Agent;
+
+	export type AgentCallbackReturn = Duplex | AgentLike;
+
+	export type AgentCallbackCallback = (
+		err?: Error | null,
+		socket?: createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn
+	) => void;
+
+	export type AgentCallbackPromise = (
+		req: createAgent.ClientRequest,
+		opts: createAgent.RequestOptions
+	) =>
+		| createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn
+		| Promise<createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn>;
+
+	export type AgentCallback = typeof Agent.prototype.callback;
+
+	export type AgentOptions = {
+		timeout?: number;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Base `http.Agent` implementation.
+	 * No pooling/keep-alive is implemented by default.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} callback
+	 * @api public
+	 */
+	export class Agent extends EventEmitter {
+		public timeout: number | null;
+		public maxFreeSockets: number;
+		public maxTotalSockets: number;
+		public maxSockets: number;
+		public sockets: {
+			[key: string]: net.Socket[];
+		};
+		public freeSockets: {
+			[key: string]: net.Socket[];
+		};
+		public requests: {
+			[key: string]: http.IncomingMessage[];
+		};
+		public options: https.AgentOptions;
+		private promisifiedCallback?: createAgent.AgentCallbackPromise;
+		private explicitDefaultPort?: number;
+		private explicitProtocol?: string;
+
+		constructor(
+			callback?: createAgent.AgentCallback | createAgent.AgentOptions,
+			_opts?: createAgent.AgentOptions
+		) {
+			super();
+
+			let opts = _opts;
+			if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+				this.callback = callback;
+			} else if (callback) {
+				opts = callback;
+			}
+
+			// Timeout for the socket to be returned from the callback
+			this.timeout = null;
+			if (opts && typeof opts.timeout === 'number') {
+				this.timeout = opts.timeout;
+			}
+
+			// These aren't actually used by `agent-base`, but are required
+			// for the TypeScript definition files in `@types/node` :/
+			this.maxFreeSockets = 1;
+			this.maxSockets = 1;
+			this.maxTotalSockets = Infinity;
+			this.sockets = {};
+			this.freeSockets = {};
+			this.requests = {};
+			this.options = {};
+		}
+
+		get defaultPort(): number {
+			if (typeof this.explicitDefaultPort === 'number') {
+				return this.explicitDefaultPort;
+			}
+			return isSecureEndpoint() ? 443 : 80;
+		}
+
+		set defaultPort(v: number) {
+			this.explicitDefaultPort = v;
+		}
+
+		get protocol(): string {
+			if (typeof this.explicitProtocol === 'string') {
+				return this.explicitProtocol;
+			}
+			return isSecureEndpoint() ? 'https:' : 'http:';
+		}
+
+		set protocol(v: string) {
+			this.explicitProtocol = v;
+		}
+
+		callback(
+			req: createAgent.ClientRequest,
+			opts: createAgent.RequestOptions,
+			fn: createAgent.AgentCallbackCallback
+		): void;
+		callback(
+			req: createAgent.ClientRequest,
+			opts: createAgent.RequestOptions
+		):
+			| createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn
+			| Promise<createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn>;
+		callback(
+			req: createAgent.ClientRequest,
+			opts: createAgent.AgentOptions,
+			fn?: createAgent.AgentCallbackCallback
+		):
+			| createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn
+			| Promise<createAgent.AgentCallbackReturn>
+			| void {
+			throw new Error(
+				'"agent-base" has no default implementation, you must subclass and override `callback()`'
+			);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Called by node-core's "_http_client.js" module when creating
+		 * a new HTTP request with this Agent instance.
+		 *
+		 * @api public
+		 */
+		addRequest(req: ClientRequest, _opts: RequestOptions): void {
+			const opts: RequestOptions = { ..._opts };
+
+			if (typeof opts.secureEndpoint !== 'boolean') {
+				opts.secureEndpoint = isSecureEndpoint();
+			}
+
+			if (opts.host == null) {
+				opts.host = 'localhost';
+			}
+
+			if (opts.port == null) {
+				opts.port = opts.secureEndpoint ? 443 : 80;
+			}
+
+			if (opts.protocol == null) {
+				opts.protocol = opts.secureEndpoint ? 'https:' : 'http:';
+			}
+
+			if (opts.host && opts.path) {
+				// If both a `host` and `path` are specified then it's most
+				// likely the result of a `url.parse()` call... we need to
+				// remove the `path` portion so that `net.connect()` doesn't
+				// attempt to open that as a unix socket file.
+				delete opts.path;
+			}
+
+			delete opts.agent;
+			delete opts.hostname;
+			delete opts._defaultAgent;
+			delete opts.defaultPort;
+			delete opts.createConnection;
+
+			// Hint to use "Connection: close"
+			// XXX: non-documented `http` module API :(
+			req._last = true;
+			req.shouldKeepAlive = false;
+
+			let timedOut = false;
+			let timeoutId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+			const timeoutMs = opts.timeout || this.timeout;
+
+			const onerror = (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => {
+				if (req._hadError) return;
+				req.emit('error', err);
+				// For Safety. Some additional errors might fire later on
+				// and we need to make sure we don't double-fire the error event.
+				req._hadError = true;
+			};
+
+			const ontimeout = () => {
+				timeoutId = null;
+				timedOut = true;
+				const err: NodeJS.ErrnoException = new Error(
+					`A "socket" was not created for HTTP request before ${timeoutMs}ms`
+				);
+				err.code = 'ETIMEOUT';
+				onerror(err);
+			};
+
+			const callbackError = (err: NodeJS.ErrnoException) => {
+				if (timedOut) return;
+				if (timeoutId !== null) {
+					clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+					timeoutId = null;
+				}
+				onerror(err);
+			};
+
+			const onsocket = (socket: AgentCallbackReturn) => {
+				if (timedOut) return;
+				if (timeoutId != null) {
+					clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+					timeoutId = null;
+				}
+
+				if (isAgent(socket)) {
+					// `socket` is actually an `http.Agent` instance, so
+					// relinquish responsibility for this `req` to the Agent
+					// from here on
+					debug(
+						'Callback returned another Agent instance %o',
+						socket.constructor.name
+					);
+					(socket as createAgent.Agent).addRequest(req, opts);
+					return;
+				}
+
+				if (socket) {
+					socket.once('free', () => {
+						this.freeSocket(socket as net.Socket, opts);
+					});
+					req.onSocket(socket as net.Socket);
+					return;
+				}
+
+				const err = new Error(
+					`no Duplex stream was returned to agent-base for \`${req.method} ${req.path}\``
+				);
+				onerror(err);
+			};
+
+			if (typeof this.callback !== 'function') {
+				onerror(new Error('`callback` is not defined'));
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (!this.promisifiedCallback) {
+				if (this.callback.length >= 3) {
+					debug('Converting legacy callback function to promise');
+					this.promisifiedCallback = promisify(this.callback);
+				} else {
+					this.promisifiedCallback = this.callback;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (typeof timeoutMs === 'number' && timeoutMs > 0) {
+				timeoutId = setTimeout(ontimeout, timeoutMs);
+			}
+
+			if ('port' in opts && typeof opts.port !== 'number') {
+				opts.port = Number(opts.port);
+			}
+
+			try {
+				debug(
+					'Resolving socket for %o request: %o',
+					opts.protocol,
+					`${req.method} ${req.path}`
+				);
+				Promise.resolve(this.promisifiedCallback(req, opts)).then(
+					onsocket,
+					callbackError
+				);
+			} catch (err) {
+				Promise.reject(err).catch(callbackError);
+			}
+		}
+
+		freeSocket(socket: net.Socket, opts: AgentOptions) {
+			debug('Freeing socket %o %o', socket.constructor.name, opts);
+			socket.destroy();
+		}
+
+		destroy() {
+			debug('Destroying agent %o', this.constructor.name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// So that `instanceof` works correctly
+	createAgent.prototype = createAgent.Agent.prototype;
+}
+
+export = createAgent;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/agent-base/src/promisify.ts b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/src/promisify.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60cc66271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/agent-base/src/promisify.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import {
+	Agent,
+	ClientRequest,
+	RequestOptions,
+	AgentCallbackCallback,
+	AgentCallbackPromise,
+	AgentCallbackReturn
+} from './index';
+
+type LegacyCallback = (
+	req: ClientRequest,
+	opts: RequestOptions,
+	fn: AgentCallbackCallback
+) => void;
+
+export default function promisify(fn: LegacyCallback): AgentCallbackPromise {
+	return function(this: Agent, req: ClientRequest, opts: RequestOptions) {
+		return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+			fn.call(
+				this,
+				req,
+				opts,
+				(err: Error | null | undefined, rtn?: AgentCallbackReturn) => {
+					if (err) {
+						reject(err);
+					} else {
+						resolve(rtn);
+					}
+				}
+			);
+		});
+	};
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/index.js b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9574ed7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+'use strict';
+module.exports = function () {
+	return /[\u001b\u009b][[()#;?]*(?:[0-9]{1,4}(?:;[0-9]{0,4})*)?[0-9A-PRZcf-nqry=><]/g;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/license b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/package.json b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de2be6732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ansi-regex@^2.0.0",
+  "_id": "ansi-regex@2.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-w7M6te42DYbg5ijwRorn7yfWVN8=",
+  "_location": "/ansi-regex",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ansi-regex@^2.0.0",
+    "name": "ansi-regex",
+    "escapedName": "ansi-regex",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/strip-ansi"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-regex/-/ansi-regex-2.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "c3b33ab5ee360d86e0e628f0468ae7ef27d654df",
+  "_spec": "ansi-regex@^2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\strip-ansi",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-regex/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Regular expression for matching ANSI escape codes",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "0.17.0",
+    "xo": "0.16.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-regex#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "ansi",
+    "styles",
+    "color",
+    "colour",
+    "colors",
+    "terminal",
+    "console",
+    "cli",
+    "string",
+    "tty",
+    "escape",
+    "formatting",
+    "rgb",
+    "256",
+    "shell",
+    "xterm",
+    "command-line",
+    "text",
+    "regex",
+    "regexp",
+    "re",
+    "match",
+    "test",
+    "find",
+    "pattern"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "maintainers": [
+    {
+      "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+      "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+      "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Joshua Appelman",
+      "email": "jappelman@xebia.com",
+      "url": "jbnicolai.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "JD Ballard",
+      "email": "i.am.qix@gmail.com",
+      "url": "github.com/qix-"
+    }
+  ],
+  "name": "ansi-regex",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/chalk/ansi-regex.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "xo && ava --verbose",
+    "view-supported": "node fixtures/view-codes.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.1",
+  "xo": {
+    "rules": {
+      "guard-for-in": 0,
+      "no-loop-func": 0
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a928edf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ansi-regex/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# ansi-regex [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/chalk/ansi-regex.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/chalk/ansi-regex)
+
+> Regular expression for matching [ANSI escape codes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code)
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save ansi-regex
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+const ansiRegex = require('ansi-regex');
+
+ansiRegex().test('\u001b[4mcake\u001b[0m');
+//=> true
+
+ansiRegex().test('cake');
+//=> false
+
+'\u001b[4mcake\u001b[0m'.match(ansiRegex());
+//=> ['\u001b[4m', '\u001b[0m']
+```
+
+## FAQ
+
+### Why do you test for codes not in the ECMA 48 standard?
+
+Some of the codes we run as a test are codes that we acquired finding various lists of non-standard or manufacturer specific codes. If I recall correctly, we test for both standard and non-standard codes, as most of them follow the same or similar format and can be safely matched in strings without the risk of removing actual string content. There are a few non-standard control codes that do not follow the traditional format (i.e. they end in numbers) thus forcing us to exclude them from the test because we cannot reliably match them.
+
+On the historical side, those ECMA standards were established in the early 90's whereas the VT100, for example, was designed in the mid/late 70's. At that point in time, control codes were still pretty ungoverned and engineers used them for a multitude of things, namely to activate hardware ports that may have been proprietary. Somewhere else you see a similar 'anarchy' of codes is in the x86 architecture for processors; there are a ton of "interrupts" that can mean different things on certain brands of processors, most of which have been phased out.
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](http://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/append-field/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2658d7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/append-field/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14b1f891b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Linus Unnebäck
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/README.md b/backend/node_modules/append-field/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62b901b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# `append-field`
+
+A [W3C HTML JSON forms spec](http://www.w3.org/TR/html-json-forms/) compliant
+field appender (for lack of a better name). Useful for people implementing
+`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` and `multipart/form-data` parsers.
+
+It works best on objects created with `Object.create(null)`. Otherwise it might
+conflict with variables from the prototype (e.g. `hasOwnProperty`).
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+npm install --save append-field
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var appendField = require('append-field')
+var obj = Object.create(null)
+
+appendField(obj, 'pets[0][species]', 'Dahut')
+appendField(obj, 'pets[0][name]', 'Hypatia')
+appendField(obj, 'pets[1][species]', 'Felis Stultus')
+appendField(obj, 'pets[1][name]', 'Billie')
+
+console.log(obj)
+```
+
+```text
+{ pets:
+   [ { species: 'Dahut', name: 'Hypatia' },
+     { species: 'Felis Stultus', name: 'Billie' } ] }
+```
+
+## API
+
+### `appendField(store, key, value)`
+
+Adds the field named `key` with the value `value` to the object `store`.
+
+## License
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/index.js b/backend/node_modules/append-field/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc5acc8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+var parsePath = require('./lib/parse-path')
+var setValue = require('./lib/set-value')
+
+function appendField (store, key, value) {
+  var steps = parsePath(key)
+
+  steps.reduce(function (context, step) {
+    return setValue(context, step, context[step.key], value)
+  }, store)
+}
+
+module.exports = appendField
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/lib/parse-path.js b/backend/node_modules/append-field/lib/parse-path.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31d617966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/lib/parse-path.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+var reFirstKey = /^[^\[]*/
+var reDigitPath = /^\[(\d+)\]/
+var reNormalPath = /^\[([^\]]+)\]/
+
+function parsePath (key) {
+  function failure () {
+    return [{ type: 'object', key: key, last: true }]
+  }
+
+  var firstKey = reFirstKey.exec(key)[0]
+  if (!firstKey) return failure()
+
+  var len = key.length
+  var pos = firstKey.length
+  var tail = { type: 'object', key: firstKey }
+  var steps = [tail]
+
+  while (pos < len) {
+    var m
+
+    if (key[pos] === '[' && key[pos + 1] === ']') {
+      pos += 2
+      tail.append = true
+      if (pos !== len) return failure()
+      continue
+    }
+
+    m = reDigitPath.exec(key.substring(pos))
+    if (m !== null) {
+      pos += m[0].length
+      tail.nextType = 'array'
+      tail = { type: 'array', key: parseInt(m[1], 10) }
+      steps.push(tail)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    m = reNormalPath.exec(key.substring(pos))
+    if (m !== null) {
+      pos += m[0].length
+      tail.nextType = 'object'
+      tail = { type: 'object', key: m[1] }
+      steps.push(tail)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    return failure()
+  }
+
+  tail.last = true
+  return steps
+}
+
+module.exports = parsePath
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/lib/set-value.js b/backend/node_modules/append-field/lib/set-value.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c15e87377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/lib/set-value.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+function valueType (value) {
+  if (value === undefined) return 'undefined'
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return 'array'
+  if (typeof value === 'object') return 'object'
+  return 'scalar'
+}
+
+function setLastValue (context, step, currentValue, entryValue) {
+  switch (valueType(currentValue)) {
+    case 'undefined':
+      if (step.append) {
+        context[step.key] = [entryValue]
+      } else {
+        context[step.key] = entryValue
+      }
+      break
+    case 'array':
+      context[step.key].push(entryValue)
+      break
+    case 'object':
+      return setLastValue(currentValue, { type: 'object', key: '', last: true }, currentValue[''], entryValue)
+    case 'scalar':
+      context[step.key] = [context[step.key], entryValue]
+      break
+  }
+
+  return context
+}
+
+function setValue (context, step, currentValue, entryValue) {
+  if (step.last) return setLastValue(context, step, currentValue, entryValue)
+
+  var obj
+  switch (valueType(currentValue)) {
+    case 'undefined':
+      if (step.nextType === 'array') {
+        context[step.key] = []
+      } else {
+        context[step.key] = Object.create(null)
+      }
+      return context[step.key]
+    case 'object':
+      return context[step.key]
+    case 'array':
+      if (step.nextType === 'array') {
+        return currentValue
+      }
+
+      obj = Object.create(null)
+      context[step.key] = obj
+      currentValue.forEach(function (item, i) {
+        if (item !== undefined) obj['' + i] = item
+      })
+
+      return obj
+    case 'scalar':
+      obj = Object.create(null)
+      obj[''] = currentValue
+      context[step.key] = obj
+      return obj
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = setValue
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/package.json b/backend/node_modules/append-field/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d8ff9b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "_from": "append-field@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "append-field@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-HjRA6RXwsSA9I3SOeO3XubW0PlY=",
+  "_location": "/append-field",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "append-field@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "append-field",
+    "escapedName": "append-field",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/multer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/append-field/-/append-field-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "1e3440e915f0b1203d23748e78edd7b9b5b43e56",
+  "_spec": "append-field@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\multer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Linus Unnebäck",
+    "email": "linus@folkdatorn.se"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/LinusU/node-append-field/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A [W3C HTML JSON forms spec](http://www.w3.org/TR/html-json-forms/) compliant field appender (for lack of a better name). Useful for people implementing `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` and `multipart/form-data` parsers.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mocha": "^2.2.4",
+    "standard": "^6.0.5",
+    "testdata-w3c-json-form": "^0.2.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/LinusU/node-append-field#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "append-field",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/LinusU/node-append-field.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && mocha"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/append-field/test/forms.js b/backend/node_modules/append-field/test/forms.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd6fbc988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/append-field/test/forms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* eslint-env mocha */
+
+var assert = require('assert')
+var appendField = require('../')
+var testData = require('testdata-w3c-json-form')
+
+describe('Append Field', function () {
+  for (var test of testData) {
+    it('handles ' + test.name, function () {
+      var store = Object.create(null)
+
+      for (var field of test.fields) {
+        appendField(store, field.key, field.value)
+      }
+
+      assert.deepEqual(store, test.expected)
+    })
+  }
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/aproba/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/aproba/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4be44d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/aproba/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015, Rebecca Turner <me@re-becca.org>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/aproba/README.md b/backend/node_modules/aproba/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bfc594c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/aproba/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+aproba
+======
+
+A ridiculously light-weight function argument validator
+
+```
+var validate = require("aproba")
+
+function myfunc(a, b, c) {
+  // `a` must be a string, `b` a number, `c` a function
+  validate('SNF', arguments) // [a,b,c] is also valid
+}
+
+myfunc('test', 23, function () {}) // ok
+myfunc(123, 23, function () {}) // type error
+myfunc('test', 23) // missing arg error
+myfunc('test', 23, function () {}, true) // too many args error
+
+```
+
+Valid types are:
+
+| type | description
+| :--: | :----------
+| *    | matches any type
+| A    | `Array.isArray` OR an `arguments` object
+| S    | typeof == string
+| N    | typeof == number
+| F    | typeof == function
+| O    | typeof == object and not type A and not type E
+| B    | typeof == boolean
+| E    | `instanceof Error` OR `null` **(special: see below)**
+| Z    | == `null`
+
+Validation failures throw one of three exception types, distinguished by a
+`code` property of `EMISSINGARG`, `EINVALIDTYPE` or `ETOOMANYARGS`.
+
+If you pass in an invalid type then it will throw with a code of
+`EUNKNOWNTYPE`.
+
+If an **error** argument is found and is not null then the remaining
+arguments are optional.  That is, if you say `ESO` then that's like using a
+non-magical `E` in: `E|ESO|ZSO`.
+
+### But I have optional arguments?!
+
+You can provide more than one signature by separating them with pipes `|`.
+If any signature matches the arguments then they'll be considered valid.
+
+So for example, say you wanted to write a signature for
+`fs.createWriteStream`.  The docs for it describe it thusly:
+
+```
+fs.createWriteStream(path[, options])
+```
+
+This would be a signature of `SO|S`.  That is, a string and and object, or
+just a string.
+
+Now, if you read the full `fs` docs, you'll see that actually path can ALSO
+be a buffer.  And options can be a string, that is:
+```
+path <String> | <Buffer>
+options <String> | <Object>
+```
+
+To reproduce this you have to fully enumerate all of the possible
+combinations and that implies a signature of `SO|SS|OO|OS|S|O`.  The
+awkwardness is a feature: It reminds you of the complexity you're adding to
+your API when you do this sort of thing.
+
+
+### Browser support
+
+This has no dependencies and should work in browsers, though you'll have
+noisier stack traces.
+
+### Why this exists
+
+I wanted a very simple argument validator. It needed to do two things:
+
+1. Be more concise and easier to use than assertions
+
+2. Not encourage an infinite bikeshed of DSLs
+
+This is why types are specified by a single character and there's no such
+thing as an optional argument. 
+
+This is not intended to validate user data. This is specifically about
+asserting the interface of your functions.
+
+If you need greater validation, I encourage you to write them by hand or
+look elsewhere.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/aproba/index.js b/backend/node_modules/aproba/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f3f797c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/aproba/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'use strict'
+
+function isArguments (thingy) {
+  return thingy != null && typeof thingy === 'object' && thingy.hasOwnProperty('callee')
+}
+
+var types = {
+  '*': {label: 'any', check: function () { return true }},
+  A: {label: 'array', check: function (thingy) { return Array.isArray(thingy) || isArguments(thingy) }},
+  S: {label: 'string', check: function (thingy) { return typeof thingy === 'string' }},
+  N: {label: 'number', check: function (thingy) { return typeof thingy === 'number' }},
+  F: {label: 'function', check: function (thingy) { return typeof thingy === 'function' }},
+  O: {label: 'object', check: function (thingy) { return typeof thingy === 'object' && thingy != null && !types.A.check(thingy) && !types.E.check(thingy) }},
+  B: {label: 'boolean', check: function (thingy) { return typeof thingy === 'boolean' }},
+  E: {label: 'error', check: function (thingy) { return thingy instanceof Error }},
+  Z: {label: 'null', check: function (thingy) { return thingy == null }}
+}
+
+function addSchema (schema, arity) {
+  var group = arity[schema.length] = arity[schema.length] || []
+  if (group.indexOf(schema) === -1) group.push(schema)
+}
+
+var validate = module.exports = function (rawSchemas, args) {
+  if (arguments.length !== 2) throw wrongNumberOfArgs(['SA'], arguments.length)
+  if (!rawSchemas) throw missingRequiredArg(0, 'rawSchemas')
+  if (!args) throw missingRequiredArg(1, 'args')
+  if (!types.S.check(rawSchemas)) throw invalidType(0, ['string'], rawSchemas)
+  if (!types.A.check(args)) throw invalidType(1, ['array'], args)
+  var schemas = rawSchemas.split('|')
+  var arity = {}
+
+  schemas.forEach(function (schema) {
+    for (var ii = 0; ii < schema.length; ++ii) {
+      var type = schema[ii]
+      if (!types[type]) throw unknownType(ii, type)
+    }
+    if (/E.*E/.test(schema)) throw moreThanOneError(schema)
+    addSchema(schema, arity)
+    if (/E/.test(schema)) {
+      addSchema(schema.replace(/E.*$/, 'E'), arity)
+      addSchema(schema.replace(/E/, 'Z'), arity)
+      if (schema.length === 1) addSchema('', arity)
+    }
+  })
+  var matching = arity[args.length]
+  if (!matching) {
+    throw wrongNumberOfArgs(Object.keys(arity), args.length)
+  }
+  for (var ii = 0; ii < args.length; ++ii) {
+    var newMatching = matching.filter(function (schema) {
+      var type = schema[ii]
+      var typeCheck = types[type].check
+      return typeCheck(args[ii])
+    })
+    if (!newMatching.length) {
+      var labels = matching.map(function (schema) {
+        return types[schema[ii]].label
+      }).filter(function (schema) { return schema != null })
+      throw invalidType(ii, labels, args[ii])
+    }
+    matching = newMatching
+  }
+}
+
+function missingRequiredArg (num) {
+  return newException('EMISSINGARG', 'Missing required argument #' + (num + 1))
+}
+
+function unknownType (num, type) {
+  return newException('EUNKNOWNTYPE', 'Unknown type ' + type + ' in argument #' + (num + 1))
+}
+
+function invalidType (num, expectedTypes, value) {
+  var valueType
+  Object.keys(types).forEach(function (typeCode) {
+    if (types[typeCode].check(value)) valueType = types[typeCode].label
+  })
+  return newException('EINVALIDTYPE', 'Argument #' + (num + 1) + ': Expected ' +
+    englishList(expectedTypes) + ' but got ' + valueType)
+}
+
+function englishList (list) {
+  return list.join(', ').replace(/, ([^,]+)$/, ' or $1')
+}
+
+function wrongNumberOfArgs (expected, got) {
+  var english = englishList(expected)
+  var args = expected.every(function (ex) { return ex.length === 1 })
+    ? 'argument'
+    : 'arguments'
+  return newException('EWRONGARGCOUNT', 'Expected ' + english + ' ' + args + ' but got ' + got)
+}
+
+function moreThanOneError (schema) {
+  return newException('ETOOMANYERRORTYPES',
+    'Only one error type per argument signature is allowed, more than one found in "' + schema + '"')
+}
+
+function newException (code, msg) {
+  var e = new Error(msg)
+  e.code = code
+  if (Error.captureStackTrace) Error.captureStackTrace(e, validate)
+  return e
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/aproba/package.json b/backend/node_modules/aproba/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c8e2399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/aproba/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "_from": "aproba@^1.0.3",
+  "_id": "aproba@1.2.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Y9J6ZjXtoYh8RnXVCMOU/ttDmk1aBjunq9vO0ta5x85WDQiQfUF9sIPBITdbiiIVcBo03Hi3jMxigBtsddlXRw==",
+  "_location": "/aproba",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "aproba@^1.0.3",
+    "name": "aproba",
+    "escapedName": "aproba",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/aproba/-/aproba-1.2.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "6802e6264efd18c790a1b0d517f0f2627bf2c94a",
+  "_spec": "aproba@^1.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\gauge",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Rebecca Turner",
+    "email": "me@re-becca.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/iarna/aproba/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A ridiculously light-weight argument validator (now browser friendly)",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^10.0.3",
+    "tap": "^10.0.2"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/iarna/aproba",
+  "keywords": [
+    "argument",
+    "validate"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "aproba",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/iarna/aproba.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tap -j3 test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.2.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/CHANGES.md b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/CHANGES.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21f3b1c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/CHANGES.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Hi, figured we could actually use a changelog now:
+
+## 1.1.5 2018-05-24
+
+* [#92](https://github.com/iarna/are-we-there-yet/pull/92) Fix bug where
+  `finish` would throw errors when including `TrackerStream` objects in
+  `TrackerGroup` collections.  (@brianloveswords)
+
+## 1.1.4 2017-04-21
+
+* Fix typo in package.json
+
+## 1.1.3 2017-04-21
+
+* Improve documentation and limit files included in the distribution.
+
+## 1.1.2 2016-03-15
+
+* Add tracker group cycle detection and tests for it
+
+## 1.1.1 2016-01-29
+
+* Fix a typo in stream completion tracker
+
+## 1.1.0 2016-01-29
+
+* Rewrote completion percent computation to be low impact– no more walking a
+  tree of completion groups every time we need this info.  Previously, with
+  medium sized tree of completion groups, even a relatively modest number of
+  calls to the top level `completed()` method would result in absurd numbers
+  of calls overall as it walked down the tree. We now, instead, keep track as
+  we bubble up changes, so the computation is limited to when data changes and
+  to the depth of that one branch, instead of _every_ node. (Plus, we were already
+  incurring _this_ cost, since we already bubbled out changes.)
+* Moved different tracker types out to their own files.
+* Made tests test for TOO MANY events too.
+* Standarized the source code formatting
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af4588069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015, Rebecca Turner
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/README.md b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e2b42d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+are-we-there-yet
+----------------
+
+Track complex hiearchies of asynchronous task completion statuses.  This is
+intended to give you a way of recording and reporting the progress of the big
+recursive fan-out and gather type workflows that are so common in async.
+
+What you do with this completion data is up to you, but the most common use case is to
+feed it to one of the many progress bar modules.
+
+Most progress bar modules include a rudamentary version of this, but my
+needs were more complex.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+```javascript
+var TrackerGroup = require("are-we-there-yet").TrackerGroup
+
+var top = new TrackerGroup("program")
+
+var single = top.newItem("one thing", 100)
+single.completeWork(20)
+
+console.log(top.completed()) // 0.2
+
+fs.stat("file", function(er, stat) {
+  if (er) throw er  
+  var stream = top.newStream("file", stat.size)
+  console.log(top.completed()) // now 0.1 as single is 50% of the job and is 20% complete
+                              // and 50% * 20% == 10%
+  fs.createReadStream("file").pipe(stream).on("data", function (chunk) {
+    // do stuff with chunk
+  })
+  top.on("change", function (name) {
+    // called each time a chunk is read from "file"
+    // top.completed() will start at 0.1 and fill up to 0.6 as the file is read
+  })
+})
+```
+
+Shared Methods
+==============
+
+* var completed = tracker.completed()
+
+Implemented in: `Tracker`, `TrackerGroup`, `TrackerStream`
+
+Returns the ratio of completed work to work to be done. Range of 0 to 1.
+
+* tracker.finish()
+
+Implemented in: `Tracker`, `TrackerGroup`
+
+Marks the tracker as completed. With a TrackerGroup this marks all of its
+components as completed.
+
+Marks all of the components of this tracker as finished, which in turn means
+that `tracker.completed()` for this will now be 1.
+
+This will result in one or more `change` events being emitted.
+
+Events
+======
+
+All tracker objects emit `change` events with the following arguments:
+
+```
+function (name, completed, tracker)
+```
+
+`name` is the name of the tracker that originally emitted the event,
+or if it didn't have one, the first containing tracker group that had one.
+
+`completed` is the percent complete (as returned by `tracker.completed()` method).
+
+`tracker` is the tracker object that you are listening for events on.
+
+TrackerGroup
+============
+
+* var tracker = new TrackerGroup(**name**)
+
+  * **name** *(optional)* - The name of this tracker group, used in change
+    notifications if the component updating didn't have a name. Defaults to undefined.
+
+Creates a new empty tracker aggregation group. These are trackers whose
+completion status is determined by the completion status of other trackers.
+
+* tracker.addUnit(**otherTracker**, **weight**)
+
+  * **otherTracker** - Any of the other are-we-there-yet tracker objects
+  * **weight** *(optional)* - The weight to give the tracker, defaults to 1.
+
+Adds the **otherTracker** to this aggregation group. The weight determines
+how long you expect this tracker to take to complete in proportion to other
+units.  So for instance, if you add one tracker with a weight of 1 and
+another with a weight of 2, you're saying the second will take twice as long
+to complete as the first.  As such, the first will account for 33% of the
+completion of this tracker and the second will account for the other 67%.
+
+Returns **otherTracker**.
+
+* var subGroup = tracker.newGroup(**name**, **weight**)
+
+The above is exactly equivalent to:
+
+```javascript
+  var subGroup = tracker.addUnit(new TrackerGroup(name), weight)
+```
+
+* var subItem = tracker.newItem(**name**, **todo**, **weight**)
+
+The above is exactly equivalent to:
+
+```javascript
+  var subItem = tracker.addUnit(new Tracker(name, todo), weight)
+```
+
+* var subStream = tracker.newStream(**name**, **todo**, **weight**)
+
+The above is exactly equivalent to:
+
+```javascript
+  var subStream = tracker.addUnit(new TrackerStream(name, todo), weight)
+```
+
+* console.log( tracker.debug() )
+
+Returns a tree showing the completion of this tracker group and all of its
+children, including recursively entering all of the children.
+
+Tracker
+=======
+
+* var tracker = new Tracker(**name**, **todo**)
+
+  * **name** *(optional)* The name of this counter to report in change
+    events.  Defaults to undefined.
+  * **todo** *(optional)* The amount of work todo (a number). Defaults to 0.
+
+Ordinarily these are constructed as a part of a tracker group (via
+`newItem`).
+
+* var completed = tracker.completed()
+
+Returns the ratio of completed work to work to be done. Range of 0 to 1. If
+total work to be done is 0 then it will return 0.
+
+* tracker.addWork(**todo**)
+
+  * **todo** A number to add to the amount of work to be done.
+
+Increases the amount of work to be done, thus decreasing the completion
+percentage.  Triggers a `change` event.
+
+* tracker.completeWork(**completed**)
+
+  * **completed** A number to add to the work complete
+
+Increase the amount of work complete, thus increasing the completion percentage.
+Will never increase the work completed past the amount of work todo. That is,
+percentages > 100% are not allowed. Triggers a `change` event.
+
+* tracker.finish()
+
+Marks this tracker as finished, tracker.completed() will now be 1. Triggers
+a `change` event.
+
+TrackerStream
+=============
+
+* var tracker = new TrackerStream(**name**, **size**, **options**)
+
+  * **name** *(optional)* The name of this counter to report in change
+    events.  Defaults to undefined.
+  * **size** *(optional)* The number of bytes being sent through this stream.
+  * **options** *(optional)* A hash of stream options
+
+The tracker stream object is a pass through stream that updates an internal
+tracker object each time a block passes through.  It's intended to track
+downloads, file extraction and other related activities. You use it by piping
+your data source into it and then using it as your data source.
+
+If your data has a length attribute then that's used as the amount of work
+completed when the chunk is passed through.  If it does not (eg, object
+streams) then each chunk counts as completing 1 unit of work, so your size
+should be the total number of objects being streamed.
+
+* tracker.addWork(**todo**)
+
+  * **todo** Increase the expected overall size by **todo** bytes.
+
+Increases the amount of work to be done, thus decreasing the completion
+percentage.  Triggers a `change` event.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/index.js b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57d8743fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+'use strict'
+exports.TrackerGroup = require('./tracker-group.js')
+exports.Tracker = require('./tracker.js')
+exports.TrackerStream = require('./tracker-stream.js')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/package.json b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc976fc6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "are-we-there-yet@~1.1.2",
+  "_id": "are-we-there-yet@1.1.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-5hYdAkZlcG8tOLujVDTgCT+uPX0VnpAH28gWsLfzpXYm7wP6mp5Q/gYyR7YQ0cKVJcXJnl3j2kpBan13PtQf6w==",
+  "_location": "/are-we-there-yet",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "are-we-there-yet@~1.1.2",
+    "name": "are-we-there-yet",
+    "escapedName": "are-we-there-yet",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/npmlog"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/are-we-there-yet/-/are-we-there-yet-1.1.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "4b35c2944f062a8bfcda66410760350fe9ddfc21",
+  "_spec": "are-we-there-yet@~1.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\npmlog",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Rebecca Turner",
+    "url": "http://re-becca.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/iarna/are-we-there-yet/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "delegates": "^1.0.0",
+    "readable-stream": "^2.0.6"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Keep track of the overall completion of many disparate processes",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^11.0.1",
+    "tap": "^12.0.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "tracker-base.js",
+    "tracker-group.js",
+    "tracker-stream.js",
+    "tracker.js",
+    "CHANGES.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/iarna/are-we-there-yet",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "are-we-there-yet",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/iarna/are-we-there-yet.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-base.js b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-base.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f4368755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-base.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict'
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
+var util = require('util')
+
+var trackerId = 0
+var TrackerBase = module.exports = function (name) {
+  EventEmitter.call(this)
+  this.id = ++trackerId
+  this.name = name
+}
+util.inherits(TrackerBase, EventEmitter)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-group.js b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-group.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9759e1226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-group.js
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+'use strict'
+var util = require('util')
+var TrackerBase = require('./tracker-base.js')
+var Tracker = require('./tracker.js')
+var TrackerStream = require('./tracker-stream.js')
+
+var TrackerGroup = module.exports = function (name) {
+  TrackerBase.call(this, name)
+  this.parentGroup = null
+  this.trackers = []
+  this.completion = {}
+  this.weight = {}
+  this.totalWeight = 0
+  this.finished = false
+  this.bubbleChange = bubbleChange(this)
+}
+util.inherits(TrackerGroup, TrackerBase)
+
+function bubbleChange (trackerGroup) {
+  return function (name, completed, tracker) {
+    trackerGroup.completion[tracker.id] = completed
+    if (trackerGroup.finished) return
+    trackerGroup.emit('change', name || trackerGroup.name, trackerGroup.completed(), trackerGroup)
+  }
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.nameInTree = function () {
+  var names = []
+  var from = this
+  while (from) {
+    names.unshift(from.name)
+    from = from.parentGroup
+  }
+  return names.join('/')
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.addUnit = function (unit, weight) {
+  if (unit.addUnit) {
+    var toTest = this
+    while (toTest) {
+      if (unit === toTest) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Attempted to add tracker group ' +
+          unit.name + ' to tree that already includes it ' +
+          this.nameInTree(this))
+      }
+      toTest = toTest.parentGroup
+    }
+    unit.parentGroup = this
+  }
+  this.weight[unit.id] = weight || 1
+  this.totalWeight += this.weight[unit.id]
+  this.trackers.push(unit)
+  this.completion[unit.id] = unit.completed()
+  unit.on('change', this.bubbleChange)
+  if (!this.finished) this.emit('change', unit.name, this.completion[unit.id], unit)
+  return unit
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.completed = function () {
+  if (this.trackers.length === 0) return 0
+  var valPerWeight = 1 / this.totalWeight
+  var completed = 0
+  for (var ii = 0; ii < this.trackers.length; ii++) {
+    var trackerId = this.trackers[ii].id
+    completed += valPerWeight * this.weight[trackerId] * this.completion[trackerId]
+  }
+  return completed
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.newGroup = function (name, weight) {
+  return this.addUnit(new TrackerGroup(name), weight)
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.newItem = function (name, todo, weight) {
+  return this.addUnit(new Tracker(name, todo), weight)
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.newStream = function (name, todo, weight) {
+  return this.addUnit(new TrackerStream(name, todo), weight)
+}
+
+TrackerGroup.prototype.finish = function () {
+  this.finished = true
+  if (!this.trackers.length) this.addUnit(new Tracker(), 1, true)
+  for (var ii = 0; ii < this.trackers.length; ii++) {
+    var tracker = this.trackers[ii]
+    tracker.finish()
+    tracker.removeListener('change', this.bubbleChange)
+  }
+  this.emit('change', this.name, 1, this)
+}
+
+var buffer = '                                  '
+TrackerGroup.prototype.debug = function (depth) {
+  depth = depth || 0
+  var indent = depth ? buffer.substr(0, depth) : ''
+  var output = indent + (this.name || 'top') + ': ' + this.completed() + '\n'
+  this.trackers.forEach(function (tracker) {
+    if (tracker instanceof TrackerGroup) {
+      output += tracker.debug(depth + 1)
+    } else {
+      output += indent + ' ' + tracker.name + ': ' + tracker.completed() + '\n'
+    }
+  })
+  return output
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-stream.js b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1cf85055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker-stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict'
+var util = require('util')
+var stream = require('readable-stream')
+var delegate = require('delegates')
+var Tracker = require('./tracker.js')
+
+var TrackerStream = module.exports = function (name, size, options) {
+  stream.Transform.call(this, options)
+  this.tracker = new Tracker(name, size)
+  this.name = name
+  this.id = this.tracker.id
+  this.tracker.on('change', delegateChange(this))
+}
+util.inherits(TrackerStream, stream.Transform)
+
+function delegateChange (trackerStream) {
+  return function (name, completion, tracker) {
+    trackerStream.emit('change', name, completion, trackerStream)
+  }
+}
+
+TrackerStream.prototype._transform = function (data, encoding, cb) {
+  this.tracker.completeWork(data.length ? data.length : 1)
+  this.push(data)
+  cb()
+}
+
+TrackerStream.prototype._flush = function (cb) {
+  this.tracker.finish()
+  cb()
+}
+
+delegate(TrackerStream.prototype, 'tracker')
+  .method('completed')
+  .method('addWork')
+  .method('finish')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker.js b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68c2339b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/tracker.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict'
+var util = require('util')
+var TrackerBase = require('./tracker-base.js')
+
+var Tracker = module.exports = function (name, todo) {
+  TrackerBase.call(this, name)
+  this.workDone = 0
+  this.workTodo = todo || 0
+}
+util.inherits(Tracker, TrackerBase)
+
+Tracker.prototype.completed = function () {
+  return this.workTodo === 0 ? 0 : this.workDone / this.workTodo
+}
+
+Tracker.prototype.addWork = function (work) {
+  this.workTodo += work
+  this.emit('change', this.name, this.completed(), this)
+}
+
+Tracker.prototype.completeWork = function (work) {
+  this.workDone += work
+  if (this.workDone > this.workTodo) this.workDone = this.workTodo
+  this.emit('change', this.name, this.completed(), this)
+}
+
+Tracker.prototype.finish = function () {
+  this.workTodo = this.workDone = 1
+  this.emit('change', this.name, 1, this)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..983fbe8ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Blake Embrey (hello@blakeembrey.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/README.md b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91fa5b637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Array Flatten
+
+[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+> Flatten an array of nested arrays into a single flat array. Accepts an optional depth.
+
+## Installation
+
+```
+npm install array-flatten --save
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var flatten = require('array-flatten')
+
+flatten([1, [2, [3, [4, [5], 6], 7], 8], 9])
+//=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+
+flatten([1, [2, [3, [4, [5], 6], 7], 8], 9], 2)
+//=> [1, 2, 3, [4, [5], 6], 7, 8, 9]
+
+(function () {
+  flatten(arguments) //=> [1, 2, 3]
+})(1, [2, 3])
+```
+
+## License
+
+MIT
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/array-flatten
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/array-flatten
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/blakeembrey/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/blakeembrey/array-flatten
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/blakeembrey/array-flatten.svg?style=flat
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/blakeembrey/array-flatten?branch=master
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/array-flatten.js b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/array-flatten.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..089117b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/array-flatten.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Expose `arrayFlatten`.
+ */
+module.exports = arrayFlatten
+
+/**
+ * Recursive flatten function with depth.
+ *
+ * @param  {Array}  array
+ * @param  {Array}  result
+ * @param  {Number} depth
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+function flattenWithDepth (array, result, depth) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+    var value = array[i]
+
+    if (depth > 0 && Array.isArray(value)) {
+      flattenWithDepth(value, result, depth - 1)
+    } else {
+      result.push(value)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recursive flatten function. Omitting depth is slightly faster.
+ *
+ * @param  {Array} array
+ * @param  {Array} result
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+function flattenForever (array, result) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+    var value = array[i]
+
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      flattenForever(value, result)
+    } else {
+      result.push(value)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flatten an array, with the ability to define a depth.
+ *
+ * @param  {Array}  array
+ * @param  {Number} depth
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+function arrayFlatten (array, depth) {
+  if (depth == null) {
+    return flattenForever(array, [])
+  }
+
+  return flattenWithDepth(array, [], depth)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/package.json b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..032055e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/array-flatten/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "_from": "array-flatten@1.1.1",
+  "_id": "array-flatten@1.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-ml9pkFGx5wczKPKgCJaLZOopVdI=",
+  "_location": "/array-flatten",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "array-flatten@1.1.1",
+    "name": "array-flatten",
+    "escapedName": "array-flatten",
+    "rawSpec": "1.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-flatten/-/array-flatten-1.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "9a5f699051b1e7073328f2a008968b64ea2955d2",
+  "_spec": "array-flatten@1.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Blake Embrey",
+    "email": "hello@blakeembrey.com",
+    "url": "http://blakeembrey.me"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/blakeembrey/array-flatten/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Flatten an array of nested arrays into a single flat array",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "^0.3.13",
+    "mocha": "^2.2.4",
+    "pre-commit": "^1.0.7",
+    "standard": "^3.7.3"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "array-flatten.js",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/blakeembrey/array-flatten",
+  "keywords": [
+    "array",
+    "flatten",
+    "arguments",
+    "depth"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "array-flatten.js",
+  "name": "array-flatten",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/blakeembrey/array-flatten.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "istanbul cover _mocha -- -R spec"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/axios/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f11ac1e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+# Changelog
+
+### 0.21.1 (December 21, 2020)
+
+Fixes and Functionality:
+
+- Hotfix: Prevent SSRF (#3410)
+- Protocol not parsed when setting proxy config from env vars (#3070)
+- Updating axios in types to be lower case (#2797)
+- Adding a type guard for `AxiosError` (#2949)
+
+Internal and Tests:
+
+- Remove the skipping of the `socket` http test (#3364)
+- Use different socket for Win32 test (#3375)
+
+Huge thanks to everyone who contributed to this release via code (authors listed below) or via reviews and triaging on GitHub:
+
+- Daniel Lopretto <timemachine3030@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Jason Kwok <JasonHK@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Jay <jasonsaayman@gmail.com>
+- Jonathan Foster <jonathan@jonathanfoster.io>
+- Remco Haszing <remcohaszing@gmail.com>
+- Xianming Zhong <chinesedfan@qq.com>
+
+### 0.21.0 (October 23, 2020)
+
+Fixes and Functionality:
+
+- Fixing requestHeaders.Authorization ([#3287](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3287))
+- Fixing node types ([#3237](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3237))
+- Fixing axios.delete ignores config.data ([#3282](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3282))
+- Revert "Fixing overwrite Blob/File type as Content-Type in browser. (#1773)" ([#3289](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3289))
+- Fixing an issue that type 'null' and 'undefined' is not assignable to validateStatus when typescript strict option is enabled ([#3200](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3200))
+
+Internal and Tests:
+
+- Lock travis to not use node v15 ([#3361](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3361))
+
+Documentation:
+
+- Fixing simple typo, existant -> existent ([#3252](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3252))
+- Fixing typos ([#3309](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3309))
+
+Huge thanks to everyone who contributed to this release via code (authors listed below) or via reviews and triaging on GitHub:
+
+- Allan Cruz <57270969+Allanbcruz@users.noreply.github.com>
+- George Cheng <Gerhut@GMail.com>
+- Jay <jasonsaayman@gmail.com>
+- Kevin Kirsche <Kev.Kirsche+GitHub@gmail.com>
+- Remco Haszing <remcohaszing@gmail.com>
+- Taemin Shin <cprayer13@gmail.com>
+- Tim Gates <tim.gates@iress.com>
+- Xianming Zhong <chinesedfan@qq.com>
+
+### 0.20.0 (August 20, 2020)
+
+Release of 0.20.0-pre as a full release with no other changes.
+
+### 0.20.0-pre (July 15, 2020)
+
+Fixes and Functionality:
+
+- Fixing response with utf-8 BOM can not parse to json ([#2419](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2419))
+  - fix: remove byte order marker (UTF-8 BOM) when transform response
+  - fix: remove BOM only utf-8
+  - test: utf-8 BOM
+  - fix: incorrect param name
+- Refactor mergeConfig without utils.deepMerge ([#2844](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2844))
+  - Adding failing test
+  - Fixing #2587 default custom config persisting
+  - Adding Concat keys and filter duplicates
+  - Fixed value from CPE
+  - update for review feedbacks
+  - no deepMerge
+  - only merge between plain objects
+  - fix rename
+  - always merge config by mergeConfig
+  - extract function mergeDeepProperties
+  - refactor mergeConfig with all keys, and add special logic for validateStatus
+  - add test for resetting headers
+  - add lots of tests and fix a bug
+  - should not inherit `data`
+  - use simple toString
+- Fixing overwrite Blob/File type as Content-Type in browser. ([#1773](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1773))
+- Fixing an issue that type 'null' is not assignable to validateStatus ([#2773](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2773))
+- Fixing special char encoding ([#1671](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1671))
+  - removing @ character from replacement list since it is a reserved character
+  - Updating buildURL test to not include the @ character
+  - Removing console logs
+- Fixing password encoding with special characters in basic authentication ([#1492](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1492))
+  - Fixing password encoding with special characters in basic authentication
+  - Adding test to check if password with non-Latin1 characters pass
+- Fixing 'Network Error' in react native android ([#1487](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1487))
+  There is a bug in react native Android platform when using get method. It will trigger a 'Network Error' when passing the requestData which is an empty string to request.send function. So if the requestData is an empty string we can set it to null as well to fix the bug.
+- Fixing Cookie Helper with Asyc Components ([#1105](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1105)) ([#1107](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1107))
+- Fixing 'progressEvent' type ([#2851](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2851))
+  - Fix 'progressEvent' type
+  - Update axios.ts
+- Fixing getting local files (file://) failed ([#2470](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2470))
+  - fix issue #2416, #2396
+  - fix Eslint warn
+  - Modify judgment conditions
+  - add unit test
+  - update unit test
+  - update unit test
+- Allow PURGE method in typings ([#2191](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2191))
+- Adding option to disable automatic decompression ([#2661](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2661))
+  - Adding ability to disable auto decompression
+  - Updating decompress documentation in README
+  - Fixing test\unit\adapters\http.js lint errors
+  - Adding test for disabling auto decompression
+  - Removing changes that fixed lint errors in tests
+  - Removing formatting change to unit test
+- Add independent `maxBodyLength` option ([#2781](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2781))
+  - Add independent option to set the maximum size of the request body
+  - Remove maxBodyLength check
+  - Update README
+  - Assert for error code and message
+- Adding responseEncoding to mergeConfig ([#1745](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1745))
+- Compatible with follow-redirect aborts the request ([#2689](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2689))
+  - Compatible with follow-redirect aborts the request
+  - Use the error code
+- Fix merging of params ([#2656](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2656))
+  - Name function to avoid ESLint func-names warning
+  - Switch params config to merge list and update tests
+  - Restore testing of both false and null
+  - Restore test cases for keys without defaults
+  - Include test for non-object values that aren't false-y.
+- Revert `finally` as `then` ([#2683](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2683))
+
+Internal and Tests:
+
+- Fix stale bot config ([#3049](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3049))
+  - fix stale bot config
+  - fix multiple lines
+- Add days and change name to work ([#3035](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3035))
+- Update close-issues.yml ([#3031](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3031))
+  - Update close-issues.yml
+    Update close message to read better 😄
+  - Fix use of quotations
+    Use single quotes as per other .yml files
+  - Remove user name form message
+- Add GitHub actions to close stale issues/prs ([#3029](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3029))
+  - prepare stale actions
+  - update messages
+  - Add exempt labels and lighten up comments
+- Add GitHub actions to close invalid issues ([#3022](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3022))
+  - add close actions
+  - fix with checkout
+  - update issue templates
+  - add reminder
+  - update close message
+- Add test with Node.js 12 ([#2860](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2860))
+  - test with Node.js 12
+  - test with latest
+- Adding console log on sandbox server startup ([#2210](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2210))
+  - Adding console log on sandbox server startup
+  - Update server.js
+    Add server error handling
+  - Update server.js
+    Better error message, remove retry.
+- Adding tests for method `options` type definitions ([#1996](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1996))
+  Update tests.
+- Add test for redirecting with too large response ([#2695](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2695))
+- Fixing unit test failure in Windows OS ([#2601](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2601))
+- Fixing issue for HEAD method and gzipped response ([#2666](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2666))
+- Fix tests in browsers ([#2748](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2748))
+- chore: add `jsdelivr` and `unpkg` support ([#2443](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2443))
+
+Documentation:
+
+- Adding support for URLSearchParams in node ([#1900](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1900))
+  - Adding support for URLSearchParams in node
+  - Remove un-needed code
+  - Update utils.js
+  - Make changes as suggested
+- Adding table of content (preview) ([#3050](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3050))
+  - add toc (preview)
+  - remove toc in toc
+    Signed-off-by: Moni <usmoni@gmail.com>
+  - fix sublinks
+  - fix indentation
+  - remove redundant table links
+  - update caps and indent
+  - remove axios
+- Replace 'blacklist' with 'blocklist' ([#3006](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/3006))
+- docs(): Detailed config options environment. ([#2088](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2088))
+  - docs(): Detailed config options environment.
+  - Update README.md
+- Include axios-data-unpacker in ECOSYSTEM.md ([#2080](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2080))
+- Allow opening examples in Gitpod ([#1958](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1958))
+- Remove axios.all() and axios.spread() from Readme.md ([#2727](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2727))
+  - remove axios.all(), axios.spread()
+  - replace example
+  - axios.all() -> Promise.all()
+  - axios.spread(function (acct, perms)) -> function (acct, perms)
+  - add deprecated mark
+- Update README.md ([#2887](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2887))
+  Small change to the data attribute doc of the config. A request body can also be set for DELETE methods but this wasn't mentioned in the documentation (it only mentioned POST, PUT and PATCH). Took my some 10-20 minutes until I realized that I don't need to manipulate the request body with transformRequest in the case of DELETE.
+- Include swagger-taxos-codegen in ECOSYSTEM.md ([#2162](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2162))
+- Add CDNJS version badge in README.md ([#878](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/878))
+  This badge will show the version on CDNJS!
+- Documentation update to clear up ambiguity in code examples ([#2928](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2928))
+  - Made an adjustment to the documentation to clear up any ambiguity around the use of "fs". This should help clear up that the code examples with "fs" cannot be used on the client side.
+- Update README.md about validateStatus ([#2912](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2912))
+  Rewrote the comment from "Reject only if the status code is greater than or equal to 500" to "Resolve only if the status code is less than 500"
+- Updating documentation for usage form-data ([#2805](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2805))
+  Closes #2049
+- Fixing CHANGELOG.md issue link ([#2784](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2784))
+- Include axios-hooks in ECOSYSTEM.md ([#2003](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2003))
+- Added Response header access instructions ([#1901](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1901))
+  - Added Response header access instructions
+  - Added note about using bracket notation
+- Add `onUploadProgress` and `onDownloadProgress` are browser only ([#2763](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2763))
+  Saw in #928 and #1966 that `onUploadProgress` and `onDownloadProgress` only work in the browser and was missing that from the README.
+- Update ' sign to ` in proxy spec ([#2778](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2778))
+- Adding jsDelivr link in README ([#1110](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1110))
+  - Adding jsDelivr link
+  - Add SRI
+  - Remove SRI
+
+Huge thanks to everyone who contributed to this release via code (authors listed
+below) or via reviews and triaging on GitHub:
+
+- Alan Wang <wp_scut@163.com>
+- Alexandru Ungureanu <khakcarot@gmail.com>
+- Anubhav Srivastava <anubhav.srivastava00@gmail.com>
+- Benny Neugebauer <bn@bennyn.de>
+- Cr <631807682@qq.com>
+- David <cygnidavid@gmail.com>
+- David Ko <david.ko@pvtmethod.com>
+- David Tanner <david.tanner@lifeomic.com>
+- Emily Morehouse <emilyemorehouse@gmail.com>
+- Felipe Martins <felipewmartins@gmail.com>
+- Fonger <5862369+Fonger@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Frostack <soulburn007@gmail.com>
+- George Cheng <Gerhut@GMail.com>
+- grumblerchester <grumblerchester@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Gustavo López <gualopezb@gmail.com>
+- hexaez <45806662+hexaez@users.noreply.github.com>
+- huangzuizui <huangzuizui@gmail.com>
+- Ian Wijma <ian@wij.ma>
+- Jay <jasonsaayman@gmail.com>
+- jeffjing <zgayjjf@qq.com>
+- jennynju <46782518+jennynju@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Jimmy Liao <52391190+jimmy-liao-gogoro@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Jonathan Sharpe <j.r.sharpe@gmail.com>
+- JounQin <admin@1stg.me>
+- Justin Beckwith <justin.beckwith@gmail.com>
+- Kamil Posiadała <3dcreator.pl@gmail.com>
+- Lukas Drgon <lukas.drgon@gmail.com>
+- marcinx <mail@marcinx.com>
+- Martti Laine <martti@codeclown.net>
+- Michał Zarach <michal.m.zarach@gmail.com>
+- Moni <usmoni@gmail.com>
+- Motonori Iwata <121048+iwata@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Nikita Galkin <nikita@galk.in>
+- Petr Mares <petr@mares.tw>
+- Philippe Recto <precto1285@gmal.com>
+- Remco Haszing <remcohaszing@gmail.com>
+- rockcs1992 <chengshi1219@gmail.com>
+- Ryan Bown <rbown@niftee.com.au>
+- Samina Fu <sufuf3@gmail.com>
+- Simone Busoli <simone.busoli@gmail.com>
+- Spencer von der Ohe <s.vonderohe40@gmail.com>
+- Sven Efftinge <sven.efftinge@typefox.io>
+- Taegyeoung Oh <otk1090@naver.com>
+- Taemin Shin <cprayer13@gmail.com>
+- Thibault Ehrhart <1208424+ehrhart@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Xianming Zhong <chinesedfan@qq.com>
+- Yasu Flores <carlosyasu91@gmail.com>
+- Zac Delventhal <delventhalz@gmail.com>
+
+### 0.19.2 (Jan 20, 2020)
+
+- Remove unnecessary XSS check ([#2679](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2679)) (see ([#2646](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/2646)) for discussion)
+
+### 0.19.1 (Jan 7, 2020)
+
+Fixes and Functionality:
+
+- Fixing invalid agent issue ([#1904](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1904))
+- Fix ignore set withCredentials false ([#2582](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2582))
+- Delete useless default to hash ([#2458](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2458))
+- Fix HTTP/HTTPs agents passing to follow-redirect ([#1904](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1904))
+- Fix ignore set withCredentials false ([#2582](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2582))
+- Fix CI build failure ([#2570](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2570))
+- Remove dependency on is-buffer from package.json ([#1816](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1816))
+- Adding options typings ([#2341](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2341))
+- Adding Typescript HTTP method definition for LINK and UNLINK. ([#2444](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2444))
+- Update dist with newest changes, fixes Custom Attributes issue
+- Change syntax to see if build passes ([#2488](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2488))
+- Update Webpack + deps, remove now unnecessary polyfills ([#2410](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2410))
+- Fix to prevent XSS, throw an error when the URL contains a JS script ([#2464](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2464))
+- Add custom timeout error copy in config ([#2275](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2275))
+- Add error toJSON example ([#2466](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2466))
+- Fixing Vulnerability A Fortify Scan finds a critical Cross-Site Scrip… ([#2451](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2451))
+- Fixing subdomain handling on no_proxy ([#2442](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2442))
+- Make redirection from HTTP to HTTPS work ([#2426](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2426)) and ([#2547](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2547))
+- Add toJSON property to AxiosError type ([#2427](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2427))
+- Fixing socket hang up error on node side for slow response. ([#1752](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1752))
+- Alternative syntax to send data into the body ([#2317](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2317))
+- Fixing custom config options ([#2207](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2207))
+- Fixing set `config.method` after mergeConfig for Axios.prototype.request ([#2383](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2383))
+- Axios create url bug ([#2290](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2290))
+- Do not modify config.url when using a relative baseURL (resolves [#1628](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1098)) ([#2391](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2391))
+- Add typescript HTTP method definition for LINK and UNLINK ([#2444](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2444))
+
+Internal:
+
+- Revert "Update Webpack + deps, remove now unnecessary polyfills" ([#2479](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2479))
+- Order of if/else blocks is causing unit tests mocking XHR. ([#2201](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2201))
+- Add license badge ([#2446](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2446))
+- Fix travis CI build [#2386](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2386)
+- Fix cancellation error on build master. #2290 #2207 ([#2407](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2407))
+
+Documentation:
+
+- Fixing typo in CHANGELOG.md: s/Functionallity/Functionality ([#2639](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2639))
+- Fix badge, use master branch ([#2538](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2538))
+- Fix typo in changelog [#2193](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2193)
+- Document fix ([#2514](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2514))
+- Update docs with no_proxy change, issue #2484 ([#2513](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2513))
+- Fixing missing words in docs template ([#2259](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2259))
+- 🐛Fix request finally documentation in README ([#2189](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2189))
+- updating spelling and adding link to docs ([#2212](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2212))
+- docs: minor tweak ([#2404](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2404))
+- Update response interceptor docs ([#2399](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2399))
+- Update README.md ([#2504](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2504))
+- Fix word 'sintaxe' to 'syntax' in README.md ([#2432](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2432))
+- updating README: notes on CommonJS autocomplete ([#2256](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2256))
+- Fix grammar in README.md ([#2271](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2271))
+- Doc fixes, minor examples cleanup ([#2198](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2198))
+
+### 0.19.0 (May 30, 2019)
+
+Fixes and Functionality:
+
+- Added support for no_proxy env variable ([#1693](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1693/files)) - Chance Dickson
+- Unzip response body only for statuses != 204 ([#1129](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1129)) - drawski
+- Destroy stream on exceeding maxContentLength (fixes [#1098](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1098)) ([#1485](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1485)) - Gadzhi Gadzhiev
+- Makes Axios error generic to use AxiosResponse ([#1738](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1738)) - Suman Lama
+- Fixing Mocha tests by locking follow-redirects version to 1.5.10 ([#1993](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1993)) - grumblerchester
+- Allow uppercase methods in typings. ([#1781](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1781)) - Ken Powers
+- Fixing building url with hash mark ([#1771](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1771)) - Anatoly Ryabov
+- This commit fix building url with hash map (fragment identifier) when parameters are present: they must not be added after `#`, because client cut everything after `#`
+- Preserve HTTP method when following redirect ([#1758](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1758)) - Rikki Gibson
+- Add `getUri` signature to TypeScript definition. ([#1736](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1736)) - Alexander Trauzzi
+- Adding isAxiosError flag to errors thrown by axios ([#1419](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1419)) - Ayush Gupta
+
+Internal:
+
+- Fixing .eslintrc without extension ([#1789](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1789)) - Manoel
+- Fix failing SauceLabs tests by updating configuration - Emily Morehouse
+- Add issue templates - Emily Morehouse
+
+Documentation:
+
+- Consistent coding style in README ([#1787](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1787)) - Ali Servet Donmez
+- Add information about auth parameter to README ([#2166](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2166)) - xlaguna
+- Add DELETE to list of methods that allow data as a config option ([#2169](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2169)) - Daniela Borges Matos de Carvalho
+- Update ECOSYSTEM.md - Add Axios Endpoints ([#2176](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2176)) - Renan
+- Add r2curl in ECOSYSTEM ([#2141](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2141)) - 유용우 / CX
+- Update README.md - Add instructions for installing with yarn ([#2036](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2036)) - Victor Hermes
+- Fixing spacing for README.md ([#2066](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2066)) - Josh McCarty
+- Update README.md. - Change `.then` to `.finally` in example code ([#2090](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2090)) - Omar Cai
+- Clarify what values responseType can have in Node ([#2121](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2121)) - Tyler Breisacher
+- docs(ECOSYSTEM): add axios-api-versioning ([#2020](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/2020)) - Weffe
+- It seems that `responseType: 'blob'` doesn't actually work in Node (when I tried using it, response.data was a string, not a Blob, since Node doesn't have Blobs), so this clarifies that this option should only be used in the browser
+- Update README.md. - Add Querystring library note ([#1896](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1896)) - Dmitriy Eroshenko
+- Add react-hooks-axios to Libraries section of ECOSYSTEM.md ([#1925](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1925)) - Cody Chan
+- Clarify in README that default timeout is 0 (no timeout) ([#1750](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1750)) - Ben Standefer
+
+### 0.19.0-beta.1 (Aug 9, 2018)
+
+**NOTE:** This is a beta version of this release. There may be functionality that is broken in
+certain browsers, though we suspect that builds are hanging and not erroring. See
+https://saucelabs.com/u/axios for the most up-to-date information.
+
+New Functionality:
+
+- Add getUri method ([#1712](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1712))
+- Add support for no_proxy env variable ([#1693](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1693))
+- Add toJSON to decorated Axios errors to facilitate serialization ([#1625](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1625))
+- Add second then on axios call ([#1623](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1623))
+- Typings: allow custom return types
+- Add option to specify character set in responses (with http adapter)
+
+Fixes:
+
+- Fix Keep defaults local to instance ([#385](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/385))
+- Correctly catch exception in http test ([#1475](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1475))
+- Fix accept header normalization ([#1698](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1698))
+- Fix http adapter to allow HTTPS connections via HTTP ([#959](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/959))
+- Fix Removes usage of deprecated Buffer constructor. ([#1555](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1555), [#1622](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1622))
+- Fix defaults to use httpAdapter if available ([#1285](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1285))
+  - Fixing defaults to use httpAdapter if available
+  - Use a safer, cross-platform method to detect the Node environment
+- Fix Reject promise if request is cancelled by the browser ([#537](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/537))
+- [Typescript] Fix missing type parameters on delete/head methods
+- [NS]: Send `false` flag isStandardBrowserEnv for Nativescript
+- Fix missing type parameters on delete/head
+- Fix Default method for an instance always overwritten by get
+- Fix type error when socketPath option in AxiosRequestConfig
+- Capture errors on request data streams
+- Decorate resolve and reject to clear timeout in all cases
+
+Huge thanks to everyone who contributed to this release via code (authors listed
+below) or via reviews and triaging on GitHub:
+
+- Andrew Scott <ascott18@gmail.com>
+- Anthony Gauthier <antho325@hotmail.com>
+- arpit <arpit2438735@gmail.com>
+- ascott18
+- Benedikt Rötsch <axe312ger@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Chance Dickson <me@chancedickson.com>
+- Dave Stewart <info@davestewart.co.uk>
+- Deric Cain <deric.cain@gmail.com>
+- Guillaume Briday <guillaumebriday@gmail.com>
+- Jacob Wejendorp <jacob@wejendorp.dk>
+- Jim Lynch <mrdotjim@gmail.com>
+- johntron
+- Justin Beckwith <beckwith@google.com>
+- Justin Beckwith <justin.beckwith@gmail.com>
+- Khaled Garbaya <khaledgarbaya@gmail.com>
+- Lim Jing Rong <jjingrong@users.noreply.github.com>
+- Mark van den Broek <mvdnbrk@gmail.com>
+- Martti Laine <martti@codeclown.net>
+- mattridley
+- mattridley <matt.r@joinblink.com>
+- Nicolas Del Valle <nicolas.delvalle@gmail.com>
+- Nilegfx
+- pbarbiero
+- Rikki Gibson <rikkigibson@gmail.com>
+- Sako Hartounian <sakohartounian@yahoo.com>
+- Shane Fitzpatrick <fitzpasd@gmail.com>
+- Stephan Schneider <stephanschndr@gmail.com>
+- Steven <steven@ceriously.com>
+- Tim Garthwaite <tim.garthwaite@jibo.com>
+- Tim Johns <timjohns@yahoo.com>
+- Yutaro Miyazaki <yutaro@studio-rubbish.com>
+
+### 0.18.0 (Feb 19, 2018)
+
+- Adding support for UNIX Sockets when running with Node.js ([#1070](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1070))
+- Fixing typings ([#1177](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1177)):
+  - AxiosRequestConfig.proxy: allows type false
+  - AxiosProxyConfig: added auth field
+- Adding function signature in AxiosInstance interface so AxiosInstance can be invoked ([#1192](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1192), [#1254](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1254))
+- Allowing maxContentLength to pass through to redirected calls as maxBodyLength in follow-redirects config ([#1287](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1287))
+- Fixing configuration when using an instance - method can now be set ([#1342](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1342))
+
+### 0.17.1 (Nov 11, 2017)
+
+- Fixing issue with web workers ([#1160](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1160))
+- Allowing overriding transport ([#1080](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1080))
+- Updating TypeScript typings ([#1165](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1165), [#1125](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1125), [#1131](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1131))
+
+### 0.17.0 (Oct 21, 2017)
+
+- **BREAKING** Fixing issue with `baseURL` and interceptors ([#950](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/950))
+- **BREAKING** Improving handing of duplicate headers ([#874](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/874))
+- Adding support for disabling proxies ([#691](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/691))
+- Updating TypeScript typings with generic type parameters ([#1061](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/1061))
+
+### 0.16.2 (Jun 3, 2017)
+
+- Fixing issue with including `buffer` in bundle ([#887](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/887))
+- Including underlying request in errors ([#830](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/830))
+- Convert `method` to lowercase ([#930](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/930))
+
+### 0.16.1 (Apr 8, 2017)
+
+- Improving HTTP adapter to return last request in case of redirects ([#828](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/828))
+- Updating `follow-redirects` dependency ([#829](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/829))
+- Adding support for passing `Buffer` in node ([#773](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/773))
+
+### 0.16.0 (Mar 31, 2017)
+
+- **BREAKING** Removing `Promise` from axios typings in favor of built-in type declarations ([#480](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/480))
+- Adding `options` shortcut method ([#461](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/461))
+- Fixing issue with using `responseType: 'json'` in browsers incompatible with XHR Level 2 ([#654](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/654))
+- Improving React Native detection ([#731](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/731))
+- Fixing `combineURLs` to support empty `relativeURL` ([#581](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/581))
+- Removing `PROTECTION_PREFIX` support ([#561](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/561))
+
+### 0.15.3 (Nov 27, 2016)
+
+- Fixing issue with custom instances and global defaults ([#443](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/443))
+- Renaming `axios.d.ts` to `index.d.ts` ([#519](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/519))
+- Adding `get`, `head`, and `delete` to `defaults.headers` ([#509](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/509))
+- Fixing issue with `btoa` and IE ([#507](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/507))
+- Adding support for proxy authentication ([#483](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/483))
+- Improving HTTP adapter to use `http` protocol by default ([#493](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/493))
+- Fixing proxy issues ([#491](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/491))
+
+### 0.15.2 (Oct 17, 2016)
+
+- Fixing issue with calling `cancel` after response has been received ([#482](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/482))
+
+### 0.15.1 (Oct 14, 2016)
+
+- Fixing issue with UMD ([#485](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/485))
+
+### 0.15.0 (Oct 10, 2016)
+
+- Adding cancellation support ([#452](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/452))
+- Moving default adapter to global defaults ([#437](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/437))
+- Fixing issue with `file` URI scheme ([#440](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/440))
+- Fixing issue with `params` objects that have no prototype ([#445](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/445))
+
+### 0.14.0 (Aug 27, 2016)
+
+- **BREAKING** Updating TypeScript definitions ([#419](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/419))
+- **BREAKING** Replacing `agent` option with `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` ([#387](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/387))
+- **BREAKING** Splitting `progress` event handlers into `onUploadProgress` and `onDownloadProgress` ([#423](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/423))
+- Adding support for `http_proxy` and `https_proxy` environment variables ([#366](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/366))
+- Fixing issue with `auth` config option and `Authorization` header ([#397](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/397))
+- Don't set XSRF header if `xsrfCookieName` is `null` ([#406](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/406))
+
+### 0.13.1 (Jul 16, 2016)
+
+- Fixing issue with response data not being transformed on error ([#378](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/378))
+
+### 0.13.0 (Jul 13, 2016)
+
+- **BREAKING** Improved error handling ([#345](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/345))
+- **BREAKING** Response transformer now invoked in dispatcher not adapter ([10eb238](https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/10eb23865101f9347570552c04e9d6211376e25e))
+- **BREAKING** Request adapters now return a `Promise` ([157efd5](https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/157efd5615890301824e3121cc6c9d2f9b21f94a))
+- Fixing issue with `withCredentials` not being overwritten ([#343](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/343))
+- Fixing regression with request transformer being called before request interceptor ([#352](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/352))
+- Fixing custom instance defaults ([#341](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/341))
+- Fixing instances created from `axios.create` to have same API as default axios ([#217](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/217))
+
+### 0.12.0 (May 31, 2016)
+
+- Adding support for `URLSearchParams` ([#317](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/317))
+- Adding `maxRedirects` option ([#307](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/307))
+
+### 0.11.1 (May 17, 2016)
+
+- Fixing IE CORS support ([#313](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/313))
+- Fixing detection of `FormData` ([#325](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/325))
+- Adding `Axios` class to exports ([#321](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/321))
+
+### 0.11.0 (Apr 26, 2016)
+
+- Adding support for Stream with HTTP adapter ([#296](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/296))
+- Adding support for custom HTTP status code error ranges ([#308](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/308))
+- Fixing issue with ArrayBuffer ([#299](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/299))
+
+### 0.10.0 (Apr 20, 2016)
+
+- Fixing issue with some requests sending `undefined` instead of `null` ([#250](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/250))
+- Fixing basic auth for HTTP adapter ([#252](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/252))
+- Fixing request timeout for XHR adapter ([#227](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/227))
+- Fixing IE8 support by using `onreadystatechange` instead of `onload` ([#249](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/249))
+- Fixing IE9 cross domain requests ([#251](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/251))
+- Adding `maxContentLength` option ([#275](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/275))
+- Fixing XHR support for WebWorker environment ([#279](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/279))
+- Adding request instance to response ([#200](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/200))
+
+### 0.9.1 (Jan 24, 2016)
+
+- Improving handling of request timeout in node ([#124](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/124))
+- Fixing network errors not rejecting ([#205](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/205))
+- Fixing issue with IE rejecting on HTTP 204 ([#201](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/201))
+- Fixing host/port when following redirects ([#198](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/198))
+
+### 0.9.0 (Jan 18, 2016)
+
+- Adding support for custom adapters
+- Fixing Content-Type header being removed when data is false ([#195](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/195))
+- Improving XDomainRequest implementation ([#185](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/185))
+- Improving config merging and order of precedence ([#183](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/183))
+- Fixing XDomainRequest support for only <= IE9 ([#182](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/182))
+
+### 0.8.1 (Dec 14, 2015)
+
+- Adding support for passing XSRF token for cross domain requests when using `withCredentials` ([#168](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/168))
+- Fixing error with format of basic auth header ([#178](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/173))
+- Fixing error with JSON payloads throwing `InvalidStateError` in some cases ([#174](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/174))
+
+### 0.8.0 (Dec 11, 2015)
+
+- Adding support for creating instances of axios ([#123](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/123))
+- Fixing http adapter to use `Buffer` instead of `String` in case of `responseType === 'arraybuffer'` ([#128](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/128))
+- Adding support for using custom parameter serializer with `paramsSerializer` option ([#121](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/121))
+- Fixing issue in IE8 caused by `forEach` on `arguments` ([#127](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/127))
+- Adding support for following redirects in node ([#146](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/146))
+- Adding support for transparent decompression if `content-encoding` is set ([#149](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/149))
+- Adding support for transparent XDomainRequest to handle cross domain requests in IE9 ([#140](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/140))
+- Adding support for HTTP basic auth via Authorization header ([#167](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/167))
+- Adding support for baseURL option ([#160](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/160))
+
+### 0.7.0 (Sep 29, 2015)
+
+- Fixing issue with minified bundle in IE8 ([#87](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/87))
+- Adding support for passing agent in node ([#102](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/102))
+- Adding support for returning result from `axios.spread` for chaining ([#106](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/106))
+- Fixing typescript definition ([#105](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/105))
+- Fixing default timeout config for node ([#112](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/112))
+- Adding support for use in web workers, and react-native ([#70](https://github.com/axios/axios/issue/70)), ([#98](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/98))
+- Adding support for fetch like API `axios(url[, config])` ([#116](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/116))
+
+### 0.6.0 (Sep 21, 2015)
+
+- Removing deprecated success/error aliases
+- Fixing issue with array params not being properly encoded ([#49](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/49))
+- Fixing issue with User-Agent getting overridden ([#69](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/69))
+- Adding support for timeout config ([#56](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/56))
+- Removing es6-promise dependency
+- Fixing issue preventing `length` to be used as a parameter ([#91](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/91))
+- Fixing issue with IE8 ([#85](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/85))
+- Converting build to UMD
+
+### 0.5.4 (Apr 08, 2015)
+
+- Fixing issue with FormData not being sent ([#53](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/53))
+
+### 0.5.3 (Apr 07, 2015)
+
+- Using JSON.parse unconditionally when transforming response string ([#55](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/55))
+
+### 0.5.2 (Mar 13, 2015)
+
+- Adding support for `statusText` in response ([#46](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/46))
+
+### 0.5.1 (Mar 10, 2015)
+
+- Fixing issue using strict mode ([#45](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/45))
+- Fixing issue with standalone build ([#47](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/47))
+
+### 0.5.0 (Jan 23, 2015)
+
+- Adding support for intercepetors ([#14](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/14))
+- Updating es6-promise dependency
+
+### 0.4.2 (Dec 10, 2014)
+
+- Fixing issue with `Content-Type` when using `FormData` ([#22](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/22))
+- Adding support for TypeScript ([#25](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/25))
+- Fixing issue with standalone build ([#29](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/29))
+- Fixing issue with verbs needing to be capitalized in some browsers ([#30](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/30))
+
+### 0.4.1 (Oct 15, 2014)
+
+- Adding error handling to request for node.js ([#18](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/18))
+
+### 0.4.0 (Oct 03, 2014)
+
+- Adding support for `ArrayBuffer` and `ArrayBufferView` ([#10](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/10))
+- Adding support for utf-8 for node.js ([#13](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/13))
+- Adding support for SSL for node.js ([#12](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/12))
+- Fixing incorrect `Content-Type` header ([#9](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/9))
+- Adding standalone build without bundled es6-promise ([#11](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/11))
+- Deprecating `success`/`error` in favor of `then`/`catch`
+
+### 0.3.1 (Sep 16, 2014)
+
+- Fixing missing post body when using node.js ([#3](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/3))
+
+### 0.3.0 (Sep 16, 2014)
+
+- Fixing `success` and `error` to properly receive response data as individual arguments ([#8](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/8))
+- Updating `then` and `catch` to receive response data as a single object ([#6](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6))
+- Fixing issue with `all` not working ([#7](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/7))
+
+### 0.2.2 (Sep 14, 2014)
+
+- Fixing bundling with browserify ([#4](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/4))
+
+### 0.2.1 (Sep 12, 2014)
+
+- Fixing build problem causing ridiculous file sizes
+
+### 0.2.0 (Sep 12, 2014)
+
+- Adding support for `all` and `spread`
+- Adding support for node.js ([#1](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/1))
+
+### 0.1.0 (Aug 29, 2014)
+
+- Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/axios/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d36c80ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014-present Matt Zabriskie
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/README.md b/backend/node_modules/axios/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44264f6c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,800 @@
+# axios
+
+[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/axios)
+[![CDNJS](https://img.shields.io/cdnjs/v/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/axios)
+[![build status](https://img.shields.io/travis/axios/axios/master.svg?style=flat-square)](https://travis-ci.org/axios/axios)
+[![code coverage](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/mzabriskie/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://coveralls.io/r/mzabriskie/axios)
+[![install size](https://packagephobia.now.sh/badge?p=axios)](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios)
+[![npm downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](http://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=axios)
+[![gitter chat](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/mzabriskie/axios.svg?style=flat-square)](https://gitter.im/mzabriskie/axios)
+[![code helpers](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios)
+
+Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js
+## Table of Contents
+
+  - [Features](#features)
+  - [Browser Support](#browser-support)
+  - [Installing](#installing)
+  - [Example](#example)
+  - [Axios API](#axios-api)
+  - [Request method aliases](#request-method-aliases)
+  - [Concurrency (Deprecated)](#concurrency-deprecated)
+  - [Creating an instance](#creating-an-instance)
+  - [Instance methods](#instance-methods)
+  - [Request Config](#request-config)
+  - [Response Schema](#response-schema)
+  - [Config Defaults](#config-defaults)
+    - [Global axios defaults](#global-axios-defaults)
+    - [Custom instance defaults](#custom-instance-defaults)
+    - [Config order of precedence](#config-order-of-precedence)
+  - [Interceptors](#interceptors)
+  - [Handling Errors](#handling-errors)
+  - [Cancellation](#cancellation)
+  - [Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format](#using-applicationx-www-form-urlencoded-format)
+    - [Browser](#browser)
+    - [Node.js](#nodejs)
+      - [Query string](#query-string)
+      - [Form data](#form-data)
+  - [Semver](#semver)
+  - [Promises](#promises)
+  - [TypeScript](#typescript)
+  - [Resources](#resources)
+  - [Credits](#credits)
+  - [License](#license)
+
+## Features
+
+- Make [XMLHttpRequests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) from the browser
+- Make [http](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html) requests from node.js
+- Supports the [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) API
+- Intercept request and response
+- Transform request and response data
+- Cancel requests
+- Automatic transforms for JSON data
+- Client side support for protecting against [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
+
+## Browser Support
+
+![Chrome](https://raw.github.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/chrome/chrome_48x48.png) | ![Firefox](https://raw.github.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/firefox/firefox_48x48.png) | ![Safari](https://raw.github.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/safari/safari_48x48.png) | ![Opera](https://raw.github.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/opera/opera_48x48.png) | ![Edge](https://raw.github.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/edge/edge_48x48.png) | ![IE](https://raw.github.com/alrra/browser-logos/master/src/archive/internet-explorer_9-11/internet-explorer_9-11_48x48.png) |
+--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ |
+
+[![Browser Matrix](https://saucelabs.com/open_sauce/build_matrix/axios.svg)](https://saucelabs.com/u/axios)
+
+## Installing
+
+Using npm:
+
+```bash
+$ npm install axios
+```
+
+Using bower:
+
+```bash
+$ bower install axios
+```
+
+Using yarn:
+
+```bash
+$ yarn add axios
+```
+
+Using jsDelivr CDN:
+
+```html
+<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+Using unpkg CDN:
+
+```html
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+## Example
+
+### note: CommonJS usage
+In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with `require()` use the following approach:
+
+```js
+const axios = require('axios').default;
+
+// axios.<method> will now provide autocomplete and parameter typings
+```
+
+Performing a `GET` request
+
+```js
+const axios = require('axios');
+
+// Make a request for a user with a given ID
+axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
+  .then(function (response) {
+    // handle success
+    console.log(response);
+  })
+  .catch(function (error) {
+    // handle error
+    console.log(error);
+  })
+  .then(function () {
+    // always executed
+  });
+
+// Optionally the request above could also be done as
+axios.get('/user', {
+    params: {
+      ID: 12345
+    }
+  })
+  .then(function (response) {
+    console.log(response);
+  })
+  .catch(function (error) {
+    console.log(error);
+  })
+  .then(function () {
+    // always executed
+  });  
+
+// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
+async function getUser() {
+  try {
+    const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
+    console.log(response);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(error);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> **NOTE:** `async/await` is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet
+> Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.
+
+Performing a `POST` request
+
+```js
+axios.post('/user', {
+    firstName: 'Fred',
+    lastName: 'Flintstone'
+  })
+  .then(function (response) {
+    console.log(response);
+  })
+  .catch(function (error) {
+    console.log(error);
+  });
+```
+
+Performing multiple concurrent requests
+
+```js
+function getUserAccount() {
+  return axios.get('/user/12345');
+}
+
+function getUserPermissions() {
+  return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
+}
+
+Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
+  .then(function (results) {
+    const acct = results[0];
+    const perm = results[1];
+  });
+```
+
+## axios API
+
+Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to `axios`.
+
+##### axios(config)
+
+```js
+// Send a POST request
+axios({
+  method: 'post',
+  url: '/user/12345',
+  data: {
+    firstName: 'Fred',
+    lastName: 'Flintstone'
+  }
+});
+```
+
+```js
+// GET request for remote image in node.js
+axios({
+  method: 'get',
+  url: 'http://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
+  responseType: 'stream'
+})
+  .then(function (response) {
+    response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
+  });
+```
+
+##### axios(url[, config])
+
+```js
+// Send a GET request (default method)
+axios('/user/12345');
+```
+
+### Request method aliases
+
+For convenience aliases have been provided for all supported request methods.
+
+##### axios.request(config)
+##### axios.get(url[, config])
+##### axios.delete(url[, config])
+##### axios.head(url[, config])
+##### axios.options(url[, config])
+##### axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
+##### axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
+##### axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
+
+###### NOTE
+When using the alias methods `url`, `method`, and `data` properties don't need to be specified in config.
+
+### Concurrency (Deprecated)
+Please use `Promise.all` to replace the below functions.
+
+Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.
+
+axios.all(iterable)
+axios.spread(callback)
+
+### Creating an instance
+
+You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.
+
+##### axios.create([config])
+
+```js
+const instance = axios.create({
+  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
+  timeout: 1000,
+  headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
+});
+```
+
+### Instance methods
+
+The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.
+
+##### axios#request(config)
+##### axios#get(url[, config])
+##### axios#delete(url[, config])
+##### axios#head(url[, config])
+##### axios#options(url[, config])
+##### axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
+##### axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
+##### axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
+##### axios#getUri([config])
+
+## Request Config
+
+These are the available config options for making requests. Only the `url` is required. Requests will default to `GET` if `method` is not specified.
+
+```js
+{
+  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
+  url: '/user',
+
+  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
+  method: 'get', // default
+
+  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
+  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
+  // to methods of that instance.
+  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
+
+  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
+  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
+  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
+  // FormData or Stream
+  // You may modify the headers object.
+  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
+    // Do whatever you want to transform the data
+
+    return data;
+  }],
+
+  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
+  // it is passed to then/catch
+  transformResponse: [function (data) {
+    // Do whatever you want to transform the data
+
+    return data;
+  }],
+
+  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
+  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
+
+  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
+  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
+  params: {
+    ID: 12345
+  },
+
+  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
+  // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
+  paramsSerializer: function (params) {
+    return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
+  },
+
+  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
+  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
+  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
+  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
+  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
+  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer
+  data: {
+    firstName: 'Fred'
+  },
+  
+  // syntax alternative to send data into the body
+  // method post
+  // only the value is sent, not the key
+  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
+
+  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
+  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
+  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
+
+  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
+  // should be made using credentials
+  withCredentials: false, // default
+
+  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
+  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
+  adapter: function (config) {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+
+  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
+  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
+  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
+  // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
+  // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
+  auth: {
+    username: 'janedoe',
+    password: 's00pers3cret'
+  },
+
+  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
+  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
+  //   browser only: 'blob'
+  responseType: 'json', // default
+
+  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
+  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
+  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
+
+  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
+  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
+
+  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
+  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
+
+  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
+  // browser only
+  onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
+    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
+  },
+
+  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
+  // browser only
+  onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
+    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
+  },
+
+  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
+  maxContentLength: 2000,
+
+  // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
+  maxBodyLength: 2000,
+
+  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
+  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
+  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
+  // rejected.
+  validateStatus: function (status) {
+    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
+  },
+
+  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
+  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
+  maxRedirects: 5, // default
+
+  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
+  // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
+  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
+  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
+  socketPath: null, // default
+
+  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
+  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
+  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
+  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
+  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
+
+  // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
+  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
+  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
+  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
+  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
+  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
+  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
+  // supplies credentials.
+  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
+  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
+  // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`. 
+  proxy: {
+    protocol: 'https',
+    host: '127.0.0.1',
+    port: 9000,
+    auth: {
+      username: 'mikeymike',
+      password: 'rapunz3l'
+    }
+  },
+
+  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
+  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
+  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
+  }),
+
+  // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed 
+  // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header 
+  // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
+  // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
+  decompress: true // default
+
+}
+```
+
+## Response Schema
+
+The response for a request contains the following information.
+
+```js
+{
+  // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
+  data: {},
+
+  // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
+  status: 200,
+
+  // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
+  statusText: 'OK',
+
+  // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
+  // All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
+  // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
+  headers: {},
+
+  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
+  config: {},
+
+  // `request` is the request that generated this response
+  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
+  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
+  request: {}
+}
+```
+
+When using `then`, you will receive the response as follows:
+
+```js
+axios.get('/user/12345')
+  .then(function (response) {
+    console.log(response.data);
+    console.log(response.status);
+    console.log(response.statusText);
+    console.log(response.headers);
+    console.log(response.config);
+  });
+```
+
+When using `catch`, or passing a [rejection callback](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/then) as second parameter of `then`, the response will be available through the `error` object as explained in the [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) section.
+
+## Config Defaults
+
+You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.
+
+### Global axios defaults
+
+```js
+axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
+axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
+axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+```
+
+### Custom instance defaults
+
+```js
+// Set config defaults when creating the instance
+const instance = axios.create({
+  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
+});
+
+// Alter defaults after instance has been created
+instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
+```
+
+### Config order of precedence
+
+Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in [lib/defaults.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/lib/defaults.js#L28), then `defaults` property of the instance, and finally `config` argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.
+
+```js
+// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
+// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
+const instance = axios.create();
+
+// Override timeout default for the library
+// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
+instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
+
+// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
+instance.get('/longRequest', {
+  timeout: 5000
+});
+```
+
+## Interceptors
+
+You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by `then` or `catch`.
+
+```js
+// Add a request interceptor
+axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
+    // Do something before request is sent
+    return config;
+  }, function (error) {
+    // Do something with request error
+    return Promise.reject(error);
+  });
+
+// Add a response interceptor
+axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
+    // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
+    // Do something with response data
+    return response;
+  }, function (error) {
+    // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
+    // Do something with response error
+    return Promise.reject(error);
+  });
+```
+
+If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.
+
+```js
+const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
+axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
+```
+
+You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.
+
+```js
+const instance = axios.create();
+instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
+```
+
+## Handling Errors
+
+```js
+axios.get('/user/12345')
+  .catch(function (error) {
+    if (error.response) {
+      // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
+      // that falls out of the range of 2xx
+      console.log(error.response.data);
+      console.log(error.response.status);
+      console.log(error.response.headers);
+    } else if (error.request) {
+      // The request was made but no response was received
+      // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
+      // http.ClientRequest in node.js
+      console.log(error.request);
+    } else {
+      // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
+      console.log('Error', error.message);
+    }
+    console.log(error.config);
+  });
+```
+
+Using the `validateStatus` config option, you can define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.
+
+```js
+axios.get('/user/12345', {
+  validateStatus: function (status) {
+    return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
+  }
+})
+```
+
+Using `toJSON` you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.
+
+```js
+axios.get('/user/12345')
+  .catch(function (error) {
+    console.log(error.toJSON());
+  });
+```
+
+## Cancellation
+
+You can cancel a request using a *cancel token*.
+
+> The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn [cancelable promises proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-cancelable-promises).
+
+You can create a cancel token using the `CancelToken.source` factory as shown below:
+
+```js
+const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
+const source = CancelToken.source();
+
+axios.get('/user/12345', {
+  cancelToken: source.token
+}).catch(function (thrown) {
+  if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
+    console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
+  } else {
+    // handle error
+  }
+});
+
+axios.post('/user/12345', {
+  name: 'new name'
+}, {
+  cancelToken: source.token
+})
+
+// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
+source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');
+```
+
+You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the `CancelToken` constructor:
+
+```js
+const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
+let cancel;
+
+axios.get('/user/12345', {
+  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
+    // An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
+    cancel = c;
+  })
+});
+
+// cancel the request
+cancel();
+```
+
+> Note: you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token.
+
+## Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format
+
+By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to `JSON`. To send data in the `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format instead, you can use one of the following options.
+
+### Browser
+
+In a browser, you can use the [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams) API as follows:
+
+```js
+const params = new URLSearchParams();
+params.append('param1', 'value1');
+params.append('param2', 'value2');
+axios.post('/foo', params);
+```
+
+> Note that `URLSearchParams` is not supported by all browsers (see [caniuse.com](http://www.caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams)), but there is a [polyfill](https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params) available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).
+
+Alternatively, you can encode data using the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library:
+
+```js
+const qs = require('qs');
+axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));
+```
+
+Or in another way (ES6),
+
+```js
+import qs from 'qs';
+const data = { 'bar': 123 };
+const options = {
+  method: 'POST',
+  headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
+  data: qs.stringify(data),
+  url,
+};
+axios(options);
+```
+
+### Node.js
+
+#### Query string
+
+In node.js, you can use the [`querystring`](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html) module as follows:
+
+```js
+const querystring = require('querystring');
+axios.post('http://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));
+```
+
+or ['URLSearchParams'](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) from ['url module'](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html) as follows:
+
+```js
+const url = require('url');
+const params = new url.URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
+axios.post('http://something.com/', params.toString());
+```
+
+You can also use the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library.
+
+###### NOTE
+The `qs` library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the `querystring` method has known issues with that use case (https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665).
+
+#### Form data
+
+In node.js, you can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) library as follows:
+
+```js
+const FormData = require('form-data');
+ 
+const form = new FormData();
+form.append('my_field', 'my value');
+form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
+form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));
+
+axios.post('https://example.com', form, { headers: form.getHeaders() })
+```
+
+Alternatively, use an interceptor:
+
+```js
+axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
+  if (config.data instanceof FormData) {
+    Object.assign(config.headers, config.data.getHeaders());
+  }
+  return config;
+});
+```
+
+## Semver
+
+Until axios reaches a `1.0` release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example `0.5.1`, and `0.5.4` will have the same API, but `0.6.0` will have breaking changes.
+
+## Promises
+
+axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be [supported](http://caniuse.com/promises).
+If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can [polyfill](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise).
+
+## TypeScript
+axios includes [TypeScript](http://typescriptlang.org) definitions.
+```typescript
+import axios from 'axios';
+axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
+```
+
+## Resources
+
+* [Changelog](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
+* [Upgrade Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md)
+* [Ecosystem](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/ECOSYSTEM.md)
+* [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+* [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
+
+## Credits
+
+axios is heavily inspired by the [$http service](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http) provided in [Angular](https://angularjs.org/). Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone `$http`-like service for use outside of Angular.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md b/backend/node_modules/axios/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..745e80492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# Upgrade Guide
+
+### 0.15.x -> 0.16.0
+
+#### `Promise` Type Declarations
+
+The `Promise` type declarations have been removed from the axios typings in favor of the built-in type declarations. If you use axios in a TypeScript project that targets `ES5`, please make sure to include the `es2015.promise` lib. Please see [this post](https://blog.mariusschulz.com/2016/11/25/typescript-2-0-built-in-type-declarations) for details.
+
+### 0.13.x -> 0.14.0
+
+#### TypeScript Definitions
+
+The axios TypeScript definitions have been updated to match the axios API and use the ES2015 module syntax.
+
+Please use the following `import` statement to import axios in TypeScript:
+
+```typescript
+import axios from 'axios';
+
+axios.get('/foo')
+  .then(response => console.log(response))
+  .catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+#### `agent` Config Option
+
+The `agent` config option has been replaced with two new options: `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent`. Please use them instead.
+
+```js
+{
+  // Define a custom agent for HTTP
+  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
+  // Define a custom agent for HTTPS
+  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true })
+}
+```
+
+#### `progress` Config Option
+
+The `progress` config option has been replaced with the `onUploadProgress` and `onDownloadProgress` options.
+
+```js
+{
+  // Define a handler for upload progress events
+  onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
+    // ...
+  },
+
+  // Define a handler for download progress events
+  onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
+    // ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 0.12.x -> 0.13.0
+
+The `0.13.0` release contains several changes to custom adapters and error handling.
+
+#### Error Handling
+
+Previous to this release an error could either be a server response with bad status code or an actual `Error`. With this release Promise will always reject with an `Error`. In the case that a response was received, the `Error` will also include the response.
+
+```js
+axios.get('/user/12345')
+  .catch((error) => {
+    console.log(error.message);
+    console.log(error.code); // Not always specified
+    console.log(error.config); // The config that was used to make the request
+    console.log(error.response); // Only available if response was received from the server
+  });
+```
+
+#### Request Adapters
+
+This release changes a few things about how request adapters work. Please take note if you are using your own custom adapter.
+
+1. Response transformer is now called outside of adapter.
+2. Request adapter returns a `Promise`.
+
+This means that you no longer need to invoke `transformData` on response data. You will also no longer receive `resolve` and `reject` as arguments in your adapter.
+
+Previous code:
+
+```js
+function myAdapter(resolve, reject, config) {
+  var response = {
+    data: transformData(
+      responseData,
+      responseHeaders,
+      config.transformResponse
+    ),
+    status: request.status,
+    statusText: request.statusText,
+    headers: responseHeaders
+  };
+  settle(resolve, reject, response);
+}
+```
+
+New code:
+
+```js
+function myAdapter(config) {
+  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+    var response = {
+      data: responseData,
+      status: request.status,
+      statusText: request.statusText,
+      headers: responseHeaders
+    };
+    settle(resolve, reject, response);
+  });
+}
+```
+
+See the related commits for more details:
+- [Response transformers](https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/10eb23865101f9347570552c04e9d6211376e25e)
+- [Request adapter Promise](https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/157efd5615890301824e3121cc6c9d2f9b21f94a)
+
+### 0.5.x -> 0.6.0
+
+The `0.6.0` release contains mostly bug fixes, but there are a couple things to be aware of when upgrading.
+
+#### ES6 Promise Polyfill
+
+Up until the `0.6.0` release ES6 `Promise` was being polyfilled using [es6-promise](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise). With this release, the polyfill has been removed, and you will need to supply it yourself if your environment needs it.
+
+```js
+require('es6-promise').polyfill();
+var axios = require('axios');
+```
+
+This will polyfill the global environment, and only needs to be done once.
+
+#### `axios.success`/`axios.error`
+
+The `success`, and `error` aliases were deprecated in [0.4.0](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#040-oct-03-2014). As of this release they have been removed entirely. Instead please use `axios.then`, and `axios.catch` respectively.
+
+```js
+axios.get('some/url')
+  .then(function (res) {
+    /* ... */
+  })
+  .catch(function (err) {
+    /* ... */
+  });
+```
+
+#### UMD
+
+Previous versions of axios shipped with an AMD, CommonJS, and Global build. This has all been rolled into a single UMD build.
+
+```js
+// AMD
+require(['bower_components/axios/dist/axios'], function (axios) {
+  /* ... */
+});
+
+// CommonJS
+var axios = require('axios/dist/axios');
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dd94bdcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1756 @@
+/* axios v0.21.1 | (c) 2020 by Matt Zabriskie */
+(function webpackUniversalModuleDefinition(root, factory) {
+	if(typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module === 'object')
+		module.exports = factory();
+	else if(typeof define === 'function' && define.amd)
+		define([], factory);
+	else if(typeof exports === 'object')
+		exports["axios"] = factory();
+	else
+		root["axios"] = factory();
+})(this, function() {
+return /******/ (function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap
+/******/ 	// The module cache
+/******/ 	var installedModules = {};
+/******/
+/******/ 	// The require function
+/******/ 	function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
+/******/
+/******/ 		// Check if module is in cache
+/******/ 		if(installedModules[moduleId])
+/******/ 			return installedModules[moduleId].exports;
+/******/
+/******/ 		// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
+/******/ 		var module = installedModules[moduleId] = {
+/******/ 			exports: {},
+/******/ 			id: moduleId,
+/******/ 			loaded: false
+/******/ 		};
+/******/
+/******/ 		// Execute the module function
+/******/ 		modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);
+/******/
+/******/ 		// Flag the module as loaded
+/******/ 		module.loaded = true;
+/******/
+/******/ 		// Return the exports of the module
+/******/ 		return module.exports;
+/******/ 	}
+/******/
+/******/
+/******/ 	// expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
+/******/ 	__webpack_require__.m = modules;
+/******/
+/******/ 	// expose the module cache
+/******/ 	__webpack_require__.c = installedModules;
+/******/
+/******/ 	// __webpack_public_path__
+/******/ 	__webpack_require__.p = "";
+/******/
+/******/ 	// Load entry module and return exports
+/******/ 	return __webpack_require__(0);
+/******/ })
+/************************************************************************/
+/******/ ([
+/* 0 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(1);
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 1 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	var bind = __webpack_require__(3);
+	var Axios = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var mergeConfig = __webpack_require__(22);
+	var defaults = __webpack_require__(10);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create an instance of Axios
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} defaultConfig The default config for the instance
+	 * @return {Axios} A new instance of Axios
+	 */
+	function createInstance(defaultConfig) {
+	  var context = new Axios(defaultConfig);
+	  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);
+	
+	  // Copy axios.prototype to instance
+	  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context);
+	
+	  // Copy context to instance
+	  utils.extend(instance, context);
+	
+	  return instance;
+	}
+	
+	// Create the default instance to be exported
+	var axios = createInstance(defaults);
+	
+	// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance
+	axios.Axios = Axios;
+	
+	// Factory for creating new instances
+	axios.create = function create(instanceConfig) {
+	  return createInstance(mergeConfig(axios.defaults, instanceConfig));
+	};
+	
+	// Expose Cancel & CancelToken
+	axios.Cancel = __webpack_require__(23);
+	axios.CancelToken = __webpack_require__(24);
+	axios.isCancel = __webpack_require__(9);
+	
+	// Expose all/spread
+	axios.all = function all(promises) {
+	  return Promise.all(promises);
+	};
+	axios.spread = __webpack_require__(25);
+	
+	// Expose isAxiosError
+	axios.isAxiosError = __webpack_require__(26);
+	
+	module.exports = axios;
+	
+	// Allow use of default import syntax in TypeScript
+	module.exports.default = axios;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 2 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var bind = __webpack_require__(3);
+	
+	/*global toString:true*/
+	
+	// utils is a library of generic helper functions non-specific to axios
+	
+	var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is an Array
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Array, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isArray(val) {
+	  return toString.call(val) === '[object Array]';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is undefined
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if the value is undefined, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isUndefined(val) {
+	  return typeof val === 'undefined';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a Buffer
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isBuffer(val) {
+	  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor)
+	    && typeof val.constructor.isBuffer === 'function' && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isArrayBuffer(val) {
+	  return toString.call(val) === '[object ArrayBuffer]';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a FormData
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isFormData(val) {
+	  return (typeof FormData !== 'undefined') && (val instanceof FormData);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isArrayBufferView(val) {
+	  var result;
+	  if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined') && (ArrayBuffer.isView)) {
+	    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);
+	  } else {
+	    result = (val) && (val.buffer) && (val.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer);
+	  }
+	  return result;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a String
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isString(val) {
+	  return typeof val === 'string';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a Number
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isNumber(val) {
+	  return typeof val === 'number';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is an Object
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isObject(val) {
+	  return val !== null && typeof val === 'object';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a plain Object
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @return {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isPlainObject(val) {
+	  if (toString.call(val) !== '[object Object]') {
+	    return false;
+	  }
+	
+	  var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(val);
+	  return prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a Date
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isDate(val) {
+	  return toString.call(val) === '[object Date]';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a File
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isFile(val) {
+	  return toString.call(val) === '[object File]';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a Blob
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isBlob(val) {
+	  return toString.call(val) === '[object Blob]';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a Function
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isFunction(val) {
+	  return toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a Stream
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isStream(val) {
+	  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} val The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false
+	 */
+	function isURLSearchParams(val) {
+	  return typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && val instanceof URLSearchParams;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string
+	 *
+	 * @param {String} str The String to trim
+	 * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace
+	 */
+	function trim(str) {
+	  return str.replace(/^\s*/, '').replace(/\s*$/, '');
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment
+	 *
+	 * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.
+	 * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.
+	 *
+	 * web workers:
+	 *  typeof window -> undefined
+	 *  typeof document -> undefined
+	 *
+	 * react-native:
+	 *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'
+	 * nativescript
+	 *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'
+	 */
+	function isStandardBrowserEnv() {
+	  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && (navigator.product === 'ReactNative' ||
+	                                           navigator.product === 'NativeScript' ||
+	                                           navigator.product === 'NS')) {
+	    return false;
+	  }
+	  return (
+	    typeof window !== 'undefined' &&
+	    typeof document !== 'undefined'
+	  );
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.
+	 *
+	 * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing
+	 * the value, index, and complete array for each item.
+	 *
+	 * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing
+	 * the value, key, and complete object for each property.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate
+	 * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item
+	 */
+	function forEach(obj, fn) {
+	  // Don't bother if no value provided
+	  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+	    return;
+	  }
+	
+	  // Force an array if not already something iterable
+	  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {
+	    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+	    obj = [obj];
+	  }
+	
+	  if (isArray(obj)) {
+	    // Iterate over array values
+	    for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {
+	      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    // Iterate over object keys
+	    for (var key in obj) {
+	      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+	        fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then
+	 * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.
+	 *
+	 * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in
+	 * the arguments list will take precedence.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 * ```js
+	 * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});
+	 * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456
+	 * ```
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge
+	 * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties
+	 */
+	function merge(/* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */) {
+	  var result = {};
+	  function assignValue(val, key) {
+	    if (isPlainObject(result[key]) && isPlainObject(val)) {
+	      result[key] = merge(result[key], val);
+	    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {
+	      result[key] = merge({}, val);
+	    } else if (isArray(val)) {
+	      result[key] = val.slice();
+	    } else {
+	      result[key] = val;
+	    }
+	  }
+	
+	  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+	    forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);
+	  }
+	  return result;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} a The object to be extended
+	 * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from
+	 * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to
+	 * @return {Object} The resulting value of object a
+	 */
+	function extend(a, b, thisArg) {
+	  forEach(b, function assignValue(val, key) {
+	    if (thisArg && typeof val === 'function') {
+	      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);
+	    } else {
+	      a[key] = val;
+	    }
+	  });
+	  return a;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} content with BOM
+	 * @return {string} content value without BOM
+	 */
+	function stripBOM(content) {
+	  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {
+	    content = content.slice(1);
+	  }
+	  return content;
+	}
+	
+	module.exports = {
+	  isArray: isArray,
+	  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,
+	  isBuffer: isBuffer,
+	  isFormData: isFormData,
+	  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,
+	  isString: isString,
+	  isNumber: isNumber,
+	  isObject: isObject,
+	  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,
+	  isUndefined: isUndefined,
+	  isDate: isDate,
+	  isFile: isFile,
+	  isBlob: isBlob,
+	  isFunction: isFunction,
+	  isStream: isStream,
+	  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,
+	  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,
+	  forEach: forEach,
+	  merge: merge,
+	  extend: extend,
+	  trim: trim,
+	  stripBOM: stripBOM
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 3 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	module.exports = function bind(fn, thisArg) {
+	  return function wrap() {
+	    var args = new Array(arguments.length);
+	    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+	      args[i] = arguments[i];
+	    }
+	    return fn.apply(thisArg, args);
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 4 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	var buildURL = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var InterceptorManager = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var dispatchRequest = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var mergeConfig = __webpack_require__(22);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create a new instance of Axios
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance
+	 */
+	function Axios(instanceConfig) {
+	  this.defaults = instanceConfig;
+	  this.interceptors = {
+	    request: new InterceptorManager(),
+	    response: new InterceptorManager()
+	  };
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Dispatch a request
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} config The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)
+	 */
+	Axios.prototype.request = function request(config) {
+	  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+	  // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API
+	  if (typeof config === 'string') {
+	    config = arguments[1] || {};
+	    config.url = arguments[0];
+	  } else {
+	    config = config || {};
+	  }
+	
+	  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);
+	
+	  // Set config.method
+	  if (config.method) {
+	    config.method = config.method.toLowerCase();
+	  } else if (this.defaults.method) {
+	    config.method = this.defaults.method.toLowerCase();
+	  } else {
+	    config.method = 'get';
+	  }
+	
+	  // Hook up interceptors middleware
+	  var chain = [dispatchRequest, undefined];
+	  var promise = Promise.resolve(config);
+	
+	  this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {
+	    chain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);
+	  });
+	
+	  this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {
+	    chain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);
+	  });
+	
+	  while (chain.length) {
+	    promise = promise.then(chain.shift(), chain.shift());
+	  }
+	
+	  return promise;
+	};
+	
+	Axios.prototype.getUri = function getUri(config) {
+	  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);
+	  return buildURL(config.url, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\?/, '');
+	};
+	
+	// Provide aliases for supported request methods
+	utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {
+	  /*eslint func-names:0*/
+	  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, config) {
+	    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
+	      method: method,
+	      url: url,
+	      data: (config || {}).data
+	    }));
+	  };
+	});
+	
+	utils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {
+	  /*eslint func-names:0*/
+	  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, data, config) {
+	    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
+	      method: method,
+	      url: url,
+	      data: data
+	    }));
+	  };
+	});
+	
+	module.exports = Axios;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 5 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	function encode(val) {
+	  return encodeURIComponent(val).
+	    replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+	    replace(/%24/g, '$').
+	    replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+	    replace(/%20/g, '+').
+	    replace(/%5B/gi, '[').
+	    replace(/%5D/gi, ']');
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Build a URL by appending params to the end
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)
+	 * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended
+	 * @returns {string} The formatted url
+	 */
+	module.exports = function buildURL(url, params, paramsSerializer) {
+	  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+	  if (!params) {
+	    return url;
+	  }
+	
+	  var serializedParams;
+	  if (paramsSerializer) {
+	    serializedParams = paramsSerializer(params);
+	  } else if (utils.isURLSearchParams(params)) {
+	    serializedParams = params.toString();
+	  } else {
+	    var parts = [];
+	
+	    utils.forEach(params, function serialize(val, key) {
+	      if (val === null || typeof val === 'undefined') {
+	        return;
+	      }
+	
+	      if (utils.isArray(val)) {
+	        key = key + '[]';
+	      } else {
+	        val = [val];
+	      }
+	
+	      utils.forEach(val, function parseValue(v) {
+	        if (utils.isDate(v)) {
+	          v = v.toISOString();
+	        } else if (utils.isObject(v)) {
+	          v = JSON.stringify(v);
+	        }
+	        parts.push(encode(key) + '=' + encode(v));
+	      });
+	    });
+	
+	    serializedParams = parts.join('&');
+	  }
+	
+	  if (serializedParams) {
+	    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf('#');
+	    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {
+	      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);
+	    }
+	
+	    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;
+	  }
+	
+	  return url;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 6 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	function InterceptorManager() {
+	  this.handlers = [];
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Add a new interceptor to the stack
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`
+	 * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`
+	 *
+	 * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later
+	 */
+	InterceptorManager.prototype.use = function use(fulfilled, rejected) {
+	  this.handlers.push({
+	    fulfilled: fulfilled,
+	    rejected: rejected
+	  });
+	  return this.handlers.length - 1;
+	};
+	
+	/**
+	 * Remove an interceptor from the stack
+	 *
+	 * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`
+	 */
+	InterceptorManager.prototype.eject = function eject(id) {
+	  if (this.handlers[id]) {
+	    this.handlers[id] = null;
+	  }
+	};
+	
+	/**
+	 * Iterate over all the registered interceptors
+	 *
+	 * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any
+	 * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor
+	 */
+	InterceptorManager.prototype.forEach = function forEach(fn) {
+	  utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {
+	    if (h !== null) {
+	      fn(h);
+	    }
+	  });
+	};
+	
+	module.exports = InterceptorManager;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 7 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	var transformData = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var isCancel = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var defaults = __webpack_require__(10);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.
+	 */
+	function throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {
+	  if (config.cancelToken) {
+	    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();
+	  }
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.
+	 *
+	 * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request
+	 * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled
+	 */
+	module.exports = function dispatchRequest(config) {
+	  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);
+	
+	  // Ensure headers exist
+	  config.headers = config.headers || {};
+	
+	  // Transform request data
+	  config.data = transformData(
+	    config.data,
+	    config.headers,
+	    config.transformRequest
+	  );
+	
+	  // Flatten headers
+	  config.headers = utils.merge(
+	    config.headers.common || {},
+	    config.headers[config.method] || {},
+	    config.headers
+	  );
+	
+	  utils.forEach(
+	    ['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'],
+	    function cleanHeaderConfig(method) {
+	      delete config.headers[method];
+	    }
+	  );
+	
+	  var adapter = config.adapter || defaults.adapter;
+	
+	  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {
+	    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);
+	
+	    // Transform response data
+	    response.data = transformData(
+	      response.data,
+	      response.headers,
+	      config.transformResponse
+	    );
+	
+	    return response;
+	  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {
+	    if (!isCancel(reason)) {
+	      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);
+	
+	      // Transform response data
+	      if (reason && reason.response) {
+	        reason.response.data = transformData(
+	          reason.response.data,
+	          reason.response.headers,
+	          config.transformResponse
+	        );
+	      }
+	    }
+	
+	    return Promise.reject(reason);
+	  });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 8 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Transform the data for a request or a response
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object|String} data The data to be transformed
+	 * @param {Array} headers The headers for the request or response
+	 * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions
+	 * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data
+	 */
+	module.exports = function transformData(data, headers, fns) {
+	  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+	  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {
+	    data = fn(data, headers);
+	  });
+	
+	  return data;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 9 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	module.exports = function isCancel(value) {
+	  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 10 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	var normalizeHeaderName = __webpack_require__(11);
+	
+	var DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {
+	  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+	};
+	
+	function setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, value) {
+	  if (!utils.isUndefined(headers) && utils.isUndefined(headers['Content-Type'])) {
+	    headers['Content-Type'] = value;
+	  }
+	}
+	
+	function getDefaultAdapter() {
+	  var adapter;
+	  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
+	    // For browsers use XHR adapter
+	    adapter = __webpack_require__(12);
+	  } else if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && Object.prototype.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {
+	    // For node use HTTP adapter
+	    adapter = __webpack_require__(12);
+	  }
+	  return adapter;
+	}
+	
+	var defaults = {
+	  adapter: getDefaultAdapter(),
+	
+	  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {
+	    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Accept');
+	    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Content-Type');
+	    if (utils.isFormData(data) ||
+	      utils.isArrayBuffer(data) ||
+	      utils.isBuffer(data) ||
+	      utils.isStream(data) ||
+	      utils.isFile(data) ||
+	      utils.isBlob(data)
+	    ) {
+	      return data;
+	    }
+	    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {
+	      return data.buffer;
+	    }
+	    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {
+	      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8');
+	      return data.toString();
+	    }
+	    if (utils.isObject(data)) {
+	      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/json;charset=utf-8');
+	      return JSON.stringify(data);
+	    }
+	    return data;
+	  }],
+	
+	  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {
+	    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+	    if (typeof data === 'string') {
+	      try {
+	        data = JSON.parse(data);
+	      } catch (e) { /* Ignore */ }
+	    }
+	    return data;
+	  }],
+	
+	  /**
+	   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a
+	   * timeout is not created.
+	   */
+	  timeout: 0,
+	
+	  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
+	  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',
+	
+	  maxContentLength: -1,
+	  maxBodyLength: -1,
+	
+	  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {
+	    return status >= 200 && status < 300;
+	  }
+	};
+	
+	defaults.headers = {
+	  common: {
+	    'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
+	  }
+	};
+	
+	utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {
+	  defaults.headers[method] = {};
+	});
+	
+	utils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {
+	  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);
+	});
+	
+	module.exports = defaults;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 11 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	module.exports = function normalizeHeaderName(headers, normalizedName) {
+	  utils.forEach(headers, function processHeader(value, name) {
+	    if (name !== normalizedName && name.toUpperCase() === normalizedName.toUpperCase()) {
+	      headers[normalizedName] = value;
+	      delete headers[name];
+	    }
+	  });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 12 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	var settle = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var cookies = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var buildURL = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var buildFullPath = __webpack_require__(17);
+	var parseHeaders = __webpack_require__(20);
+	var isURLSameOrigin = __webpack_require__(21);
+	var createError = __webpack_require__(14);
+	
+	module.exports = function xhrAdapter(config) {
+	  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {
+	    var requestData = config.data;
+	    var requestHeaders = config.headers;
+	
+	    if (utils.isFormData(requestData)) {
+	      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it
+	    }
+	
+	    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
+	
+	    // HTTP basic authentication
+	    if (config.auth) {
+	      var username = config.auth.username || '';
+	      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';
+	      requestHeaders.Authorization = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);
+	    }
+	
+	    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);
+	    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);
+	
+	    // Set the request timeout in MS
+	    request.timeout = config.timeout;
+	
+	    // Listen for ready state
+	    request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {
+	      if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {
+	        return;
+	      }
+	
+	      // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be
+	      // handled by onerror instead
+	      // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers
+	      // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request
+	      if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {
+	        return;
+	      }
+	
+	      // Prepare the response
+	      var responseHeaders = 'getAllResponseHeaders' in request ? parseHeaders(request.getAllResponseHeaders()) : null;
+	      var responseData = !config.responseType || config.responseType === 'text' ? request.responseText : request.response;
+	      var response = {
+	        data: responseData,
+	        status: request.status,
+	        statusText: request.statusText,
+	        headers: responseHeaders,
+	        config: config,
+	        request: request
+	      };
+	
+	      settle(resolve, reject, response);
+	
+	      // Clean up request
+	      request = null;
+	    };
+	
+	    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)
+	    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {
+	      if (!request) {
+	        return;
+	      }
+	
+	      reject(createError('Request aborted', config, 'ECONNABORTED', request));
+	
+	      // Clean up request
+	      request = null;
+	    };
+	
+	    // Handle low level network errors
+	    request.onerror = function handleError() {
+	      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser
+	      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error
+	      reject(createError('Network Error', config, null, request));
+	
+	      // Clean up request
+	      request = null;
+	    };
+	
+	    // Handle timeout
+	    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {
+	      var timeoutErrorMessage = 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded';
+	      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {
+	        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;
+	      }
+	      reject(createError(timeoutErrorMessage, config, 'ECONNABORTED',
+	        request));
+	
+	      // Clean up request
+	      request = null;
+	    };
+	
+	    // Add xsrf header
+	    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.
+	    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.
+	    if (utils.isStandardBrowserEnv()) {
+	      // Add xsrf header
+	      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName ?
+	        cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName) :
+	        undefined;
+	
+	      if (xsrfValue) {
+	        requestHeaders[config.xsrfHeaderName] = xsrfValue;
+	      }
+	    }
+	
+	    // Add headers to the request
+	    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {
+	      utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {
+	        if (typeof requestData === 'undefined' && key.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {
+	          // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined
+	          delete requestHeaders[key];
+	        } else {
+	          // Otherwise add header to the request
+	          request.setRequestHeader(key, val);
+	        }
+	      });
+	    }
+	
+	    // Add withCredentials to request if needed
+	    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {
+	      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;
+	    }
+	
+	    // Add responseType to request if needed
+	    if (config.responseType) {
+	      try {
+	        request.responseType = config.responseType;
+	      } catch (e) {
+	        // Expected DOMException thrown by browsers not compatible XMLHttpRequest Level 2.
+	        // But, this can be suppressed for 'json' type as it can be parsed by default 'transformResponse' function.
+	        if (config.responseType !== 'json') {
+	          throw e;
+	        }
+	      }
+	    }
+	
+	    // Handle progress if needed
+	    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {
+	      request.addEventListener('progress', config.onDownloadProgress);
+	    }
+	
+	    // Not all browsers support upload events
+	    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {
+	      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', config.onUploadProgress);
+	    }
+	
+	    if (config.cancelToken) {
+	      // Handle cancellation
+	      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {
+	        if (!request) {
+	          return;
+	        }
+	
+	        request.abort();
+	        reject(cancel);
+	        // Clean up request
+	        request = null;
+	      });
+	    }
+	
+	    if (!requestData) {
+	      requestData = null;
+	    }
+	
+	    // Send the request
+	    request.send(requestData);
+	  });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 13 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var createError = __webpack_require__(14);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.
+	 * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.
+	 * @param {object} response The response.
+	 */
+	module.exports = function settle(resolve, reject, response) {
+	  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;
+	  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {
+	    resolve(response);
+	  } else {
+	    reject(createError(
+	      'Request failed with status code ' + response.status,
+	      response.config,
+	      null,
+	      response.request,
+	      response
+	    ));
+	  }
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 14 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var enhanceError = __webpack_require__(15);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} message The error message.
+	 * @param {Object} config The config.
+	 * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').
+	 * @param {Object} [request] The request.
+	 * @param {Object} [response] The response.
+	 * @returns {Error} The created error.
+	 */
+	module.exports = function createError(message, config, code, request, response) {
+	  var error = new Error(message);
+	  return enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 15 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	/**
+	 * Update an Error with the specified config, error code, and response.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Error} error The error to update.
+	 * @param {Object} config The config.
+	 * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').
+	 * @param {Object} [request] The request.
+	 * @param {Object} [response] The response.
+	 * @returns {Error} The error.
+	 */
+	module.exports = function enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response) {
+	  error.config = config;
+	  if (code) {
+	    error.code = code;
+	  }
+	
+	  error.request = request;
+	  error.response = response;
+	  error.isAxiosError = true;
+	
+	  error.toJSON = function toJSON() {
+	    return {
+	      // Standard
+	      message: this.message,
+	      name: this.name,
+	      // Microsoft
+	      description: this.description,
+	      number: this.number,
+	      // Mozilla
+	      fileName: this.fileName,
+	      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,
+	      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,
+	      stack: this.stack,
+	      // Axios
+	      config: this.config,
+	      code: this.code
+	    };
+	  };
+	  return error;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 16 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	module.exports = (
+	  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?
+	
+	  // Standard browser envs support document.cookie
+	    (function standardBrowserEnv() {
+	      return {
+	        write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {
+	          var cookie = [];
+	          cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));
+	
+	          if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {
+	            cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());
+	          }
+	
+	          if (utils.isString(path)) {
+	            cookie.push('path=' + path);
+	          }
+	
+	          if (utils.isString(domain)) {
+	            cookie.push('domain=' + domain);
+	          }
+	
+	          if (secure === true) {
+	            cookie.push('secure');
+	          }
+	
+	          document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');
+	        },
+	
+	        read: function read(name) {
+	          var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));
+	          return (match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null);
+	        },
+	
+	        remove: function remove(name) {
+	          this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);
+	        }
+	      };
+	    })() :
+	
+	  // Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.
+	    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {
+	      return {
+	        write: function write() {},
+	        read: function read() { return null; },
+	        remove: function remove() {}
+	      };
+	    })()
+	);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 17 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var isAbsoluteURL = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var combineURLs = __webpack_require__(19);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,
+	 * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.
+	 * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} baseURL The base URL
+	 * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine
+	 * @returns {string} The combined full path
+	 */
+	module.exports = function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {
+	  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {
+	    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);
+	  }
+	  return requestedURL;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 18 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} url The URL to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false
+	 */
+	module.exports = function isAbsoluteURL(url) {
+	  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with "<scheme>://" or "//" (protocol-relative URL).
+	  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed
+	  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.
+	  return /^([a-z][a-z\d\+\-\.]*:)?\/\//i.test(url);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 19 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} baseURL The base URL
+	 * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL
+	 * @returns {string} The combined URL
+	 */
+	module.exports = function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {
+	  return relativeURL
+	    ? baseURL.replace(/\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\/+/, '')
+	    : baseURL;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 20 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	// Headers whose duplicates are ignored by node
+	// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers
+	var ignoreDuplicateOf = [
+	  'age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag',
+	  'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since',
+	  'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization',
+	  'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent'
+	];
+	
+	/**
+	 * Parse headers into an object
+	 *
+	 * ```
+	 * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT
+	 * Content-Type: application/json
+	 * Connection: keep-alive
+	 * Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+	 * ```
+	 *
+	 * @param {String} headers Headers needing to be parsed
+	 * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object
+	 */
+	module.exports = function parseHeaders(headers) {
+	  var parsed = {};
+	  var key;
+	  var val;
+	  var i;
+	
+	  if (!headers) { return parsed; }
+	
+	  utils.forEach(headers.split('\n'), function parser(line) {
+	    i = line.indexOf(':');
+	    key = utils.trim(line.substr(0, i)).toLowerCase();
+	    val = utils.trim(line.substr(i + 1));
+	
+	    if (key) {
+	      if (parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf.indexOf(key) >= 0) {
+	        return;
+	      }
+	      if (key === 'set-cookie') {
+	        parsed[key] = (parsed[key] ? parsed[key] : []).concat([val]);
+	      } else {
+	        parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  });
+	
+	  return parsed;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 21 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	module.exports = (
+	  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?
+	
+	  // Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test
+	  // whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.
+	    (function standardBrowserEnv() {
+	      var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
+	      var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');
+	      var originURL;
+	
+	      /**
+	    * Parse a URL to discover it's components
+	    *
+	    * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed
+	    * @returns {Object}
+	    */
+	      function resolveURL(url) {
+	        var href = url;
+	
+	        if (msie) {
+	        // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties
+	          urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+	          href = urlParsingNode.href;
+	        }
+	
+	        urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+	
+	        // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+	        return {
+	          href: urlParsingNode.href,
+	          protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+	          host: urlParsingNode.host,
+	          search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+	          hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+	          hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
+	          port: urlParsingNode.port,
+	          pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/') ?
+	            urlParsingNode.pathname :
+	            '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+	        };
+	      }
+	
+	      originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);
+	
+	      /**
+	    * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location
+	    *
+	    * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test
+	    * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false
+	    */
+	      return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {
+	        var parsed = (utils.isString(requestURL)) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;
+	        return (parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol &&
+	            parsed.host === originURL.host);
+	      };
+	    })() :
+	
+	  // Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.
+	    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {
+	      return function isURLSameOrigin() {
+	        return true;
+	      };
+	    })()
+	);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 22 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(2);
+	
+	/**
+	 * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object
+	 * by merging two configuration objects together.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} config1
+	 * @param {Object} config2
+	 * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1
+	 */
+	module.exports = function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+	  config2 = config2 || {};
+	  var config = {};
+	
+	  var valueFromConfig2Keys = ['url', 'method', 'data'];
+	  var mergeDeepPropertiesKeys = ['headers', 'auth', 'proxy', 'params'];
+	  var defaultToConfig2Keys = [
+	    'baseURL', 'transformRequest', 'transformResponse', 'paramsSerializer',
+	    'timeout', 'timeoutMessage', 'withCredentials', 'adapter', 'responseType', 'xsrfCookieName',
+	    'xsrfHeaderName', 'onUploadProgress', 'onDownloadProgress', 'decompress',
+	    'maxContentLength', 'maxBodyLength', 'maxRedirects', 'transport', 'httpAgent',
+	    'httpsAgent', 'cancelToken', 'socketPath', 'responseEncoding'
+	  ];
+	  var directMergeKeys = ['validateStatus'];
+	
+	  function getMergedValue(target, source) {
+	    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {
+	      return utils.merge(target, source);
+	    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {
+	      return utils.merge({}, source);
+	    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {
+	      return source.slice();
+	    }
+	    return source;
+	  }
+	
+	  function mergeDeepProperties(prop) {
+	    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);
+	    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);
+	    }
+	  }
+	
+	  utils.forEach(valueFromConfig2Keys, function valueFromConfig2(prop) {
+	    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);
+	    }
+	  });
+	
+	  utils.forEach(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys, mergeDeepProperties);
+	
+	  utils.forEach(defaultToConfig2Keys, function defaultToConfig2(prop) {
+	    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);
+	    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);
+	    }
+	  });
+	
+	  utils.forEach(directMergeKeys, function merge(prop) {
+	    if (prop in config2) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);
+	    } else if (prop in config1) {
+	      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);
+	    }
+	  });
+	
+	  var axiosKeys = valueFromConfig2Keys
+	    .concat(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys)
+	    .concat(defaultToConfig2Keys)
+	    .concat(directMergeKeys);
+	
+	  var otherKeys = Object
+	    .keys(config1)
+	    .concat(Object.keys(config2))
+	    .filter(function filterAxiosKeys(key) {
+	      return axiosKeys.indexOf(key) === -1;
+	    });
+	
+	  utils.forEach(otherKeys, mergeDeepProperties);
+	
+	  return config;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 23 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	/**
+	 * A `Cancel` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {string=} message The message.
+	 */
+	function Cancel(message) {
+	  this.message = message;
+	}
+	
+	Cancel.prototype.toString = function toString() {
+	  return 'Cancel' + (this.message ? ': ' + this.message : '');
+	};
+	
+	Cancel.prototype.__CANCEL__ = true;
+	
+	module.exports = Cancel;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 24 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	var Cancel = __webpack_require__(23);
+	
+	/**
+	 * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {Function} executor The executor function.
+	 */
+	function CancelToken(executor) {
+	  if (typeof executor !== 'function') {
+	    throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');
+	  }
+	
+	  var resolvePromise;
+	  this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {
+	    resolvePromise = resolve;
+	  });
+	
+	  var token = this;
+	  executor(function cancel(message) {
+	    if (token.reason) {
+	      // Cancellation has already been requested
+	      return;
+	    }
+	
+	    token.reason = new Cancel(message);
+	    resolvePromise(token.reason);
+	  });
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.
+	 */
+	CancelToken.prototype.throwIfRequested = function throwIfRequested() {
+	  if (this.reason) {
+	    throw this.reason;
+	  }
+	};
+	
+	/**
+	 * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,
+	 * cancels the `CancelToken`.
+	 */
+	CancelToken.source = function source() {
+	  var cancel;
+	  var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
+	    cancel = c;
+	  });
+	  return {
+	    token: token,
+	    cancel: cancel
+	  };
+	};
+	
+	module.exports = CancelToken;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 25 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	/**
+	 * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.
+	 *
+	 * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.
+	 *
+	 *  ```js
+	 *  function f(x, y, z) {}
+	 *  var args = [1, 2, 3];
+	 *  f.apply(null, args);
+	 *  ```
+	 *
+	 * With `spread` this example can be re-written.
+	 *
+	 *  ```js
+	 *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);
+	 *  ```
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} callback
+	 * @returns {Function}
+	 */
+	module.exports = function spread(callback) {
+	  return function wrap(arr) {
+	    return callback.apply(null, arr);
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 26 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios
+	 *
+	 * @param {*} payload The value to test
+	 * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false
+	 */
+	module.exports = function isAxiosError(payload) {
+	  return (typeof payload === 'object') && (payload.isAxiosError === true);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ })
+/******/ ])
+});
+;
+//# sourceMappingURL=axios.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.map b/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d61f7e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"sources":["webpack:///webpack/universalModuleDefinition","webpack:///webpack/bootstrap 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isUndefined(val) {\n  return typeof val === 'undefined';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Buffer\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isBuffer(val) {\n  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor)\n    && typeof val.constructor.isBuffer === 'function' && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArrayBuffer(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object ArrayBuffer]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a FormData\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isFormData(val) {\n  return (typeof FormData !== 'undefined') && (val instanceof FormData);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArrayBufferView(val) {\n  var result;\n  if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined') && (ArrayBuffer.isView)) {\n    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);\n  } else {\n    result = (val) && (val.buffer) && (val.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a String\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isString(val) {\n  return typeof val === 'string';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Number\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isNumber(val) {\n  return typeof val === 'number';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Object\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isObject(val) {\n  return val !== null && typeof val === 'object';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a plain Object\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @return {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isPlainObject(val) {\n  if (toString.call(val) !== '[object Object]') {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(val);\n  return prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Date\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isDate(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Date]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a File\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isFile(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object File]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Blob\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isBlob(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Blob]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Function\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isFunction(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Stream\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isStream(val) {\n  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isURLSearchParams(val) {\n  return typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && val instanceof URLSearchParams;\n}\n\n/**\n * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string\n *\n * @param {String} str The String to trim\n * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace\n */\nfunction trim(str) {\n  return str.replace(/^\\s*/, '').replace(/\\s*$/, '');\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment\n *\n * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.\n * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.\n *\n * web workers:\n *  typeof window -> undefined\n *  typeof document -> undefined\n *\n * react-native:\n *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'\n * nativescript\n *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'\n */\nfunction isStandardBrowserEnv() {\n  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && (navigator.product === 'ReactNative' ||\n                                           navigator.product === 'NativeScript' ||\n                                           navigator.product === 'NS')) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return (\n    typeof window !== 'undefined' &&\n    typeof document !== 'undefined'\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.\n *\n * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing\n * the value, index, and complete array for each item.\n *\n * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing\n * the value, key, and complete object for each property.\n *\n * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate\n * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item\n */\nfunction forEach(obj, fn) {\n  // Don't bother if no value provided\n  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Force an array if not already something iterable\n  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {\n    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n    obj = [obj];\n  }\n\n  if (isArray(obj)) {\n    // Iterate over array values\n    for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {\n      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);\n    }\n  } else {\n    // Iterate over object keys\n    for (var key in obj) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n        fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then\n * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.\n *\n * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in\n * the arguments list will take precedence.\n *\n * Example:\n *\n * ```js\n * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});\n * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456\n * ```\n *\n * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge\n * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties\n */\nfunction merge(/* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */) {\n  var result = {};\n  function assignValue(val, key) {\n    if (isPlainObject(result[key]) && isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[key] = merge(result[key], val);\n    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[key] = merge({}, val);\n    } else if (isArray(val)) {\n      result[key] = val.slice();\n    } else {\n      result[key] = val;\n    }\n  }\n\n  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {\n    forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.\n *\n * @param {Object} a The object to be extended\n * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from\n * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to\n * @return {Object} The resulting value of object a\n */\nfunction extend(a, b, thisArg) {\n  forEach(b, function assignValue(val, key) {\n    if (thisArg && typeof val === 'function') {\n      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);\n    } else {\n      a[key] = val;\n    }\n  });\n  return a;\n}\n\n/**\n * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)\n *\n * @param {string} content with BOM\n * @return {string} content value without BOM\n */\nfunction stripBOM(content) {\n  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {\n    content = content.slice(1);\n  }\n  return content;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  isArray: isArray,\n  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,\n  isBuffer: isBuffer,\n  isFormData: isFormData,\n  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,\n  isString: isString,\n  isNumber: isNumber,\n  isObject: isObject,\n  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,\n  isUndefined: isUndefined,\n  isDate: isDate,\n  isFile: isFile,\n  isBlob: isBlob,\n  isFunction: isFunction,\n  isStream: isStream,\n  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,\n  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,\n  forEach: forEach,\n  merge: merge,\n  extend: extend,\n  trim: trim,\n  stripBOM: stripBOM\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/utils.js\n// module id = 2\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nmodule.exports = function bind(fn, thisArg) {\n  return function wrap() {\n    var args = new Array(arguments.length);\n    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {\n      args[i] = arguments[i];\n    }\n    return fn.apply(thisArg, args);\n  };\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/bind.js\n// module id = 3\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\nvar buildURL = require('../helpers/buildURL');\nvar InterceptorManager = require('./InterceptorManager');\nvar dispatchRequest = require('./dispatchRequest');\nvar mergeConfig = require('./mergeConfig');\n\n/**\n * Create a new instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance\n */\nfunction Axios(instanceConfig) {\n  this.defaults = instanceConfig;\n  this.interceptors = {\n    request: new InterceptorManager(),\n    response: new InterceptorManager()\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch a request\n *\n * @param {Object} config The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)\n */\nAxios.prototype.request = function request(config) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API\n  if (typeof config === 'string') {\n    config = arguments[1] || {};\n    config.url = arguments[0];\n  } else {\n    config = config || {};\n  }\n\n  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n\n  // Set config.method\n  if (config.method) {\n    config.method = config.method.toLowerCase();\n  } else if (this.defaults.method) {\n    config.method = this.defaults.method.toLowerCase();\n  } else {\n    config.method = 'get';\n  }\n\n  // Hook up interceptors middleware\n  var chain = [dispatchRequest, undefined];\n  var promise = Promise.resolve(config);\n\n  this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {\n    chain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n  });\n\n  this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {\n    chain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n  });\n\n  while (chain.length) {\n    promise = promise.then(chain.shift(), chain.shift());\n  }\n\n  return promise;\n};\n\nAxios.prototype.getUri = function getUri(config) {\n  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n  return buildURL(config.url, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\\?/, '');\n};\n\n// Provide aliases for supported request methods\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, config) {\n    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n      method: method,\n      url: url,\n      data: (config || {}).data\n    }));\n  };\n});\n\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, data, config) {\n    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n      method: method,\n      url: url,\n      data: data\n    }));\n  };\n});\n\nmodule.exports = Axios;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/Axios.js\n// module id = 4\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nfunction encode(val) {\n  return encodeURIComponent(val).\n    replace(/%3A/gi, ':').\n    replace(/%24/g, '$').\n    replace(/%2C/gi, ',').\n    replace(/%20/g, '+').\n    replace(/%5B/gi, '[').\n    replace(/%5D/gi, ']');\n}\n\n/**\n * Build a URL by appending params to the end\n *\n * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)\n * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended\n * @returns {string} The formatted url\n */\nmodule.exports = function buildURL(url, params, paramsSerializer) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  if (!params) {\n    return url;\n  }\n\n  var serializedParams;\n  if (paramsSerializer) {\n    serializedParams = paramsSerializer(params);\n  } else if (utils.isURLSearchParams(params)) {\n    serializedParams = params.toString();\n  } else {\n    var parts = [];\n\n    utils.forEach(params, function serialize(val, key) {\n      if (val === null || typeof val === 'undefined') {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      if (utils.isArray(val)) {\n        key = key + '[]';\n      } else {\n        val = [val];\n      }\n\n      utils.forEach(val, function parseValue(v) {\n        if (utils.isDate(v)) {\n          v = v.toISOString();\n        } else if (utils.isObject(v)) {\n          v = JSON.stringify(v);\n        }\n        parts.push(encode(key) + '=' + encode(v));\n      });\n    });\n\n    serializedParams = parts.join('&');\n  }\n\n  if (serializedParams) {\n    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf('#');\n    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {\n      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);\n    }\n\n    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;\n  }\n\n  return url;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/buildURL.js\n// module id = 5\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nfunction InterceptorManager() {\n  this.handlers = [];\n}\n\n/**\n * Add a new interceptor to the stack\n *\n * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`\n * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`\n *\n * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later\n */\nInterceptorManager.prototype.use = function use(fulfilled, rejected) {\n  this.handlers.push({\n    fulfilled: fulfilled,\n    rejected: rejected\n  });\n  return this.handlers.length - 1;\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove an interceptor from the stack\n *\n * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`\n */\nInterceptorManager.prototype.eject = function eject(id) {\n  if (this.handlers[id]) {\n    this.handlers[id] = null;\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * Iterate over all the registered interceptors\n *\n * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any\n * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.\n *\n * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor\n */\nInterceptorManager.prototype.forEach = function forEach(fn) {\n  utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {\n    if (h !== null) {\n      fn(h);\n    }\n  });\n};\n\nmodule.exports = InterceptorManager;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/InterceptorManager.js\n// module id = 6\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\nvar transformData = require('./transformData');\nvar isCancel = require('../cancel/isCancel');\nvar defaults = require('../defaults');\n\n/**\n * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.\n */\nfunction throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {\n  if (config.cancelToken) {\n    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.\n *\n * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n */\nmodule.exports = function dispatchRequest(config) {\n  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n  // Ensure headers exist\n  config.headers = config.headers || {};\n\n  // Transform request data\n  config.data = transformData(\n    config.data,\n    config.headers,\n    config.transformRequest\n  );\n\n  // Flatten headers\n  config.headers = utils.merge(\n    config.headers.common || {},\n    config.headers[config.method] || {},\n    config.headers\n  );\n\n  utils.forEach(\n    ['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'],\n    function cleanHeaderConfig(method) {\n      delete config.headers[method];\n    }\n  );\n\n  var adapter = config.adapter || defaults.adapter;\n\n  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {\n    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n    // Transform response data\n    response.data = transformData(\n      response.data,\n      response.headers,\n      config.transformResponse\n    );\n\n    return response;\n  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {\n    if (!isCancel(reason)) {\n      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n      // Transform response data\n      if (reason && reason.response) {\n        reason.response.data = transformData(\n          reason.response.data,\n          reason.response.headers,\n          config.transformResponse\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    return Promise.reject(reason);\n  });\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/dispatchRequest.js\n// module id = 7\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\n/**\n * Transform the data for a request or a response\n *\n * @param {Object|String} data The data to be transformed\n * @param {Array} headers The headers for the request or response\n * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions\n * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data\n */\nmodule.exports = function transformData(data, headers, fns) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {\n    data = fn(data, headers);\n  });\n\n  return data;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/transformData.js\n// module id = 8\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nmodule.exports = function isCancel(value) {\n  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/cancel/isCancel.js\n// module id = 9\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./utils');\nvar normalizeHeaderName = require('./helpers/normalizeHeaderName');\n\nvar DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {\n  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n};\n\nfunction setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, value) {\n  if (!utils.isUndefined(headers) && utils.isUndefined(headers['Content-Type'])) {\n    headers['Content-Type'] = value;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction getDefaultAdapter() {\n  var adapter;\n  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {\n    // For browsers use XHR adapter\n    adapter = require('./adapters/xhr');\n  } else if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && Object.prototype.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {\n    // For node use HTTP adapter\n    adapter = require('./adapters/http');\n  }\n  return adapter;\n}\n\nvar defaults = {\n  adapter: getDefaultAdapter(),\n\n  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {\n    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Accept');\n    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Content-Type');\n    if (utils.isFormData(data) ||\n      utils.isArrayBuffer(data) ||\n      utils.isBuffer(data) ||\n      utils.isStream(data) ||\n      utils.isFile(data) ||\n      utils.isBlob(data)\n    ) {\n      return data;\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {\n      return data.buffer;\n    }\n    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {\n      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8');\n      return data.toString();\n    }\n    if (utils.isObject(data)) {\n      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/json;charset=utf-8');\n      return JSON.stringify(data);\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n\n  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {\n    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n    if (typeof data === 'string') {\n      try {\n        data = JSON.parse(data);\n      } catch (e) { /* Ignore */ }\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n\n  /**\n   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a\n   * timeout is not created.\n   */\n  timeout: 0,\n\n  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',\n  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',\n\n  maxContentLength: -1,\n  maxBodyLength: -1,\n\n  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {\n    return status >= 200 && status < 300;\n  }\n};\n\ndefaults.headers = {\n  common: {\n    'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'\n  }\n};\n\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = {};\n});\n\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);\n});\n\nmodule.exports = defaults;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/defaults.js\n// module id = 10\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('../utils');\n\nmodule.exports = function normalizeHeaderName(headers, normalizedName) {\n  utils.forEach(headers, function processHeader(value, name) {\n    if (name !== normalizedName && name.toUpperCase() === normalizedName.toUpperCase()) {\n      headers[normalizedName] = value;\n      delete headers[name];\n    }\n  });\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/normalizeHeaderName.js\n// module id = 11\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\nvar settle = require('./../core/settle');\nvar cookies = require('./../helpers/cookies');\nvar buildURL = require('./../helpers/buildURL');\nvar buildFullPath = require('../core/buildFullPath');\nvar parseHeaders = require('./../helpers/parseHeaders');\nvar isURLSameOrigin = require('./../helpers/isURLSameOrigin');\nvar createError = require('../core/createError');\n\nmodule.exports = function xhrAdapter(config) {\n  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {\n    var requestData = config.data;\n    var requestHeaders = config.headers;\n\n    if (utils.isFormData(requestData)) {\n      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it\n    }\n\n    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n\n    // HTTP basic authentication\n    if (config.auth) {\n      var username = config.auth.username || '';\n      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';\n      requestHeaders.Authorization = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);\n    }\n\n    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);\n\n    // Set the request timeout in MS\n    request.timeout = config.timeout;\n\n    // Listen for ready state\n    request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {\n      if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be\n      // handled by onerror instead\n      // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers\n      // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request\n      if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Prepare the response\n      var responseHeaders = 'getAllResponseHeaders' in request ? parseHeaders(request.getAllResponseHeaders()) : null;\n      var responseData = !config.responseType || config.responseType === 'text' ? request.responseText : request.response;\n      var response = {\n        data: responseData,\n        status: request.status,\n        statusText: request.statusText,\n        headers: responseHeaders,\n        config: config,\n        request: request\n      };\n\n      settle(resolve, reject, response);\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)\n    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {\n      if (!request) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      reject(createError('Request aborted', config, 'ECONNABORTED', request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle low level network errors\n    request.onerror = function handleError() {\n      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser\n      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error\n      reject(createError('Network Error', config, null, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle timeout\n    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {\n      var timeoutErrorMessage = 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded';\n      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {\n        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;\n      }\n      reject(createError(timeoutErrorMessage, config, 'ECONNABORTED',\n        request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Add xsrf header\n    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.\n    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.\n    if (utils.isStandardBrowserEnv()) {\n      // Add xsrf header\n      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName ?\n        cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName) :\n        undefined;\n\n      if (xsrfValue) {\n        requestHeaders[config.xsrfHeaderName] = xsrfValue;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Add headers to the request\n    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {\n      utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {\n        if (typeof requestData === 'undefined' && key.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {\n          // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined\n          delete requestHeaders[key];\n        } else {\n          // Otherwise add header to the request\n          request.setRequestHeader(key, val);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Add withCredentials to request if needed\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {\n      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;\n    }\n\n    // Add responseType to request if needed\n    if (config.responseType) {\n      try {\n        request.responseType = config.responseType;\n      } catch (e) {\n        // Expected DOMException thrown by browsers not compatible XMLHttpRequest Level 2.\n        // But, this can be suppressed for 'json' type as it can be parsed by default 'transformResponse' function.\n        if (config.responseType !== 'json') {\n          throw e;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Handle progress if needed\n    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {\n      request.addEventListener('progress', config.onDownloadProgress);\n    }\n\n    // Not all browsers support upload events\n    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {\n      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', config.onUploadProgress);\n    }\n\n    if (config.cancelToken) {\n      // Handle cancellation\n      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {\n        if (!request) {\n          return;\n        }\n\n        request.abort();\n        reject(cancel);\n        // Clean up request\n        request = null;\n      });\n    }\n\n    if (!requestData) {\n      requestData = null;\n    }\n\n    // Send the request\n    request.send(requestData);\n  });\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/adapters/xhr.js\n// module id = 12\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar createError = require('./createError');\n\n/**\n * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.\n *\n * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.\n * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.\n * @param {object} response The response.\n */\nmodule.exports = function settle(resolve, reject, response) {\n  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;\n  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {\n    resolve(response);\n  } else {\n    reject(createError(\n      'Request failed with status code ' + response.status,\n      response.config,\n      null,\n      response.request,\n      response\n    ));\n  }\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/settle.js\n// module id = 13\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar enhanceError = require('./enhanceError');\n\n/**\n * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.\n *\n * @param {string} message The error message.\n * @param {Object} config The config.\n * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n * @returns {Error} The created error.\n */\nmodule.exports = function createError(message, config, code, request, response) {\n  var error = new Error(message);\n  return enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/createError.js\n// module id = 14\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Update an Error with the specified config, error code, and response.\n *\n * @param {Error} error The error to update.\n * @param {Object} config The config.\n * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n * @returns {Error} The error.\n */\nmodule.exports = function enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response) {\n  error.config = config;\n  if (code) {\n    error.code = code;\n  }\n\n  error.request = request;\n  error.response = response;\n  error.isAxiosError = true;\n\n  error.toJSON = function toJSON() {\n    return {\n      // Standard\n      message: this.message,\n      name: this.name,\n      // Microsoft\n      description: this.description,\n      number: this.number,\n      // Mozilla\n      fileName: this.fileName,\n      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,\n      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,\n      stack: this.stack,\n      // Axios\n      config: this.config,\n      code: this.code\n    };\n  };\n  return error;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/enhanceError.js\n// module id = 15\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nmodule.exports = (\n  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?\n\n  // Standard browser envs support document.cookie\n    (function standardBrowserEnv() {\n      return {\n        write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {\n          var cookie = [];\n          cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));\n\n          if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {\n            cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());\n          }\n\n          if (utils.isString(path)) {\n            cookie.push('path=' + path);\n          }\n\n          if (utils.isString(domain)) {\n            cookie.push('domain=' + domain);\n          }\n\n          if (secure === true) {\n            cookie.push('secure');\n          }\n\n          document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');\n        },\n\n        read: function read(name) {\n          var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));\n          return (match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null);\n        },\n\n        remove: function remove(name) {\n          this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);\n        }\n      };\n    })() :\n\n  // Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\n    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n      return {\n        write: function write() {},\n        read: function read() { return null; },\n        remove: function remove() {}\n      };\n    })()\n);\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/cookies.js\n// module id = 16\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar isAbsoluteURL = require('../helpers/isAbsoluteURL');\nvar combineURLs = require('../helpers/combineURLs');\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,\n * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.\n * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine\n * @returns {string} The combined full path\n */\nmodule.exports = function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {\n  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {\n    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);\n  }\n  return requestedURL;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/buildFullPath.js\n// module id = 17\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute\n *\n * @param {string} url The URL to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false\n */\nmodule.exports = function isAbsoluteURL(url) {\n  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with \"<scheme>://\" or \"//\" (protocol-relative URL).\n  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed\n  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.\n  return /^([a-z][a-z\\d\\+\\-\\.]*:)?\\/\\//i.test(url);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js\n// module id = 18\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL\n * @returns {string} The combined URL\n */\nmodule.exports = function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {\n  return relativeURL\n    ? baseURL.replace(/\\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\\/+/, '')\n    : baseURL;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/combineURLs.js\n// module id = 19\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\n// Headers whose duplicates are ignored by node\n// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers\nvar ignoreDuplicateOf = [\n  'age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag',\n  'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since',\n  'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization',\n  'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent'\n];\n\n/**\n * Parse headers into an object\n *\n * ```\n * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT\n * Content-Type: application/json\n * Connection: keep-alive\n * Transfer-Encoding: chunked\n * ```\n *\n * @param {String} headers Headers needing to be parsed\n * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object\n */\nmodule.exports = function parseHeaders(headers) {\n  var parsed = {};\n  var key;\n  var val;\n  var i;\n\n  if (!headers) { return parsed; }\n\n  utils.forEach(headers.split('\\n'), function parser(line) {\n    i = line.indexOf(':');\n    key = utils.trim(line.substr(0, i)).toLowerCase();\n    val = utils.trim(line.substr(i + 1));\n\n    if (key) {\n      if (parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf.indexOf(key) >= 0) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (key === 'set-cookie') {\n        parsed[key] = (parsed[key] ? parsed[key] : []).concat([val]);\n      } else {\n        parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n\n  return parsed;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/parseHeaders.js\n// module id = 20\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nmodule.exports = (\n  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?\n\n  // Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test\n  // whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.\n    (function standardBrowserEnv() {\n      var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);\n      var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');\n      var originURL;\n\n      /**\n    * Parse a URL to discover it's components\n    *\n    * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed\n    * @returns {Object}\n    */\n      function resolveURL(url) {\n        var href = url;\n\n        if (msie) {\n        // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties\n          urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n          href = urlParsingNode.href;\n        }\n\n        urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n\n        // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils\n        return {\n          href: urlParsingNode.href,\n          protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',\n          host: urlParsingNode.host,\n          search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\\?/, '') : '',\n          hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',\n          hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,\n          port: urlParsingNode.port,\n          pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/') ?\n            urlParsingNode.pathname :\n            '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname\n        };\n      }\n\n      originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);\n\n      /**\n    * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location\n    *\n    * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test\n    * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false\n    */\n      return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {\n        var parsed = (utils.isString(requestURL)) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;\n        return (parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol &&\n            parsed.host === originURL.host);\n      };\n    })() :\n\n  // Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\n    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n      return function isURLSameOrigin() {\n        return true;\n      };\n    })()\n);\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js\n// module id = 21\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('../utils');\n\n/**\n * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object\n * by merging two configuration objects together.\n *\n * @param {Object} config1\n * @param {Object} config2\n * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1\n */\nmodule.exports = function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  config2 = config2 || {};\n  var config = {};\n\n  var valueFromConfig2Keys = ['url', 'method', 'data'];\n  var mergeDeepPropertiesKeys = ['headers', 'auth', 'proxy', 'params'];\n  var defaultToConfig2Keys = [\n    'baseURL', 'transformRequest', 'transformResponse', 'paramsSerializer',\n    'timeout', 'timeoutMessage', 'withCredentials', 'adapter', 'responseType', 'xsrfCookieName',\n    'xsrfHeaderName', 'onUploadProgress', 'onDownloadProgress', 'decompress',\n    'maxContentLength', 'maxBodyLength', 'maxRedirects', 'transport', 'httpAgent',\n    'httpsAgent', 'cancelToken', 'socketPath', 'responseEncoding'\n  ];\n  var directMergeKeys = ['validateStatus'];\n\n  function getMergedValue(target, source) {\n    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge(target, source);\n    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge({}, source);\n    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {\n      return source.slice();\n    }\n    return source;\n  }\n\n  function mergeDeepProperties(prop) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  utils.forEach(valueFromConfig2Keys, function valueFromConfig2(prop) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);\n    }\n  });\n\n  utils.forEach(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys, mergeDeepProperties);\n\n  utils.forEach(defaultToConfig2Keys, function defaultToConfig2(prop) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n    }\n  });\n\n  utils.forEach(directMergeKeys, function merge(prop) {\n    if (prop in config2) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);\n    } else if (prop in config1) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n    }\n  });\n\n  var axiosKeys = valueFromConfig2Keys\n    .concat(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys)\n    .concat(defaultToConfig2Keys)\n    .concat(directMergeKeys);\n\n  var otherKeys = Object\n    .keys(config1)\n    .concat(Object.keys(config2))\n    .filter(function filterAxiosKeys(key) {\n      return axiosKeys.indexOf(key) === -1;\n    });\n\n  utils.forEach(otherKeys, mergeDeepProperties);\n\n  return config;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/mergeConfig.js\n// module id = 22\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * A `Cancel` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.\n *\n * @class\n * @param {string=} message The message.\n */\nfunction Cancel(message) {\n  this.message = message;\n}\n\nCancel.prototype.toString = function toString() {\n  return 'Cancel' + (this.message ? ': ' + this.message : '');\n};\n\nCancel.prototype.__CANCEL__ = true;\n\nmodule.exports = Cancel;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/cancel/Cancel.js\n// module id = 23\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar Cancel = require('./Cancel');\n\n/**\n * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.\n *\n * @class\n * @param {Function} executor The executor function.\n */\nfunction CancelToken(executor) {\n  if (typeof executor !== 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');\n  }\n\n  var resolvePromise;\n  this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {\n    resolvePromise = resolve;\n  });\n\n  var token = this;\n  executor(function cancel(message) {\n    if (token.reason) {\n      // Cancellation has already been requested\n      return;\n    }\n\n    token.reason = new Cancel(message);\n    resolvePromise(token.reason);\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.\n */\nCancelToken.prototype.throwIfRequested = function throwIfRequested() {\n  if (this.reason) {\n    throw this.reason;\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,\n * cancels the `CancelToken`.\n */\nCancelToken.source = function source() {\n  var cancel;\n  var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {\n    cancel = c;\n  });\n  return {\n    token: token,\n    cancel: cancel\n  };\n};\n\nmodule.exports = CancelToken;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/cancel/CancelToken.js\n// module id = 24\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.\n *\n * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  function f(x, y, z) {}\n *  var args = [1, 2, 3];\n *  f.apply(null, args);\n *  ```\n *\n * With `spread` this example can be re-written.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);\n *  ```\n *\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @returns {Function}\n */\nmodule.exports = function spread(callback) {\n  return function wrap(arr) {\n    return callback.apply(null, arr);\n  };\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/spread.js\n// module id = 25\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios\n *\n * @param {*} payload The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false\n */\nmodule.exports = function isAxiosError(payload) {\n  return (typeof payload === 'object') && (payload.isAxiosError === true);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/isAxiosError.js\n// module id = 26\n// module chunks = 0"],"sourceRoot":""}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.min.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc6c8b618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/dist/axios.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/* axios v0.21.1 | (c) 2020 by Matt Zabriskie */
+!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.axios=t():e.axios=t()}(this,function(){return function(e){function t(r){if(n[r])return n[r].exports;var o=n[r]={exports:{},id:r,loaded:!1};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,t),o.loaded=!0,o.exports}var n={};return t.m=e,t.c=n,t.p="",t(0)}([function(e,t,n){e.exports=n(1)},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){var t=new i(e),n=s(i.prototype.request,t);return o.extend(n,i.prototype,t),o.extend(n,t),n}var o=n(2),s=n(3),i=n(4),a=n(22),u=n(10),c=r(u);c.Axios=i,c.create=function(e){return r(a(c.defaults,e))},c.Cancel=n(23),c.CancelToken=n(24),c.isCancel=n(9),c.all=function(e){return Promise.all(e)},c.spread=n(25),c.isAxiosError=n(26),e.exports=c,e.exports.default=c},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return"[object Array]"===R.call(e)}function o(e){return"undefined"==typeof e}function s(e){return 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new Axios(defaultConfig);\n\t  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);\n\t\n\t  // Copy axios.prototype to instance\n\t  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context);\n\t\n\t  // Copy context to instance\n\t  utils.extend(instance, context);\n\t\n\t  return instance;\n\t}\n\t\n\t// Create the default instance to be exported\n\tvar axios = createInstance(defaults);\n\t\n\t// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance\n\taxios.Axios = Axios;\n\t\n\t// Factory for creating new instances\n\taxios.create = function create(instanceConfig) {\n\t  return createInstance(mergeConfig(axios.defaults, instanceConfig));\n\t};\n\t\n\t// Expose Cancel & CancelToken\n\taxios.Cancel = __webpack_require__(23);\n\taxios.CancelToken = __webpack_require__(24);\n\taxios.isCancel = __webpack_require__(9);\n\t\n\t// Expose all/spread\n\taxios.all = function all(promises) {\n\t  return Promise.all(promises);\n\t};\n\taxios.spread = __webpack_require__(25);\n\t\n\t// Expose isAxiosError\n\taxios.isAxiosError = __webpack_require__(26);\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = axios;\n\t\n\t// Allow use of default import syntax in TypeScript\n\tmodule.exports.default = axios;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 2 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar bind = __webpack_require__(3);\n\t\n\t/*global toString:true*/\n\t\n\t// utils is a library of generic helper functions non-specific to axios\n\t\n\tvar toString = Object.prototype.toString;\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is an Array\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Array, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isArray(val) {\n\t  return toString.call(val) === '[object Array]';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is undefined\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if the value is undefined, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isUndefined(val) {\n\t  return typeof val === 'undefined';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a Buffer\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isBuffer(val) {\n\t  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor)\n\t    && typeof val.constructor.isBuffer === 'function' && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isArrayBuffer(val) {\n\t  return toString.call(val) === '[object ArrayBuffer]';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a FormData\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isFormData(val) {\n\t  return (typeof FormData !== 'undefined') && (val instanceof FormData);\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isArrayBufferView(val) {\n\t  var result;\n\t  if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined') && (ArrayBuffer.isView)) {\n\t    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);\n\t  } else {\n\t    result = (val) && (val.buffer) && (val.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer);\n\t  }\n\t  return result;\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a String\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isString(val) {\n\t  return typeof val === 'string';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a Number\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isNumber(val) {\n\t  return typeof val === 'number';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is an Object\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isObject(val) {\n\t  return val !== null && typeof val === 'object';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a plain Object\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @return {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isPlainObject(val) {\n\t  if (toString.call(val) !== '[object Object]') {\n\t    return false;\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(val);\n\t  return prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype;\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a Date\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isDate(val) {\n\t  return toString.call(val) === '[object Date]';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a File\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isFile(val) {\n\t  return toString.call(val) === '[object File]';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a Blob\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isBlob(val) {\n\t  return toString.call(val) === '[object Blob]';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a Function\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isFunction(val) {\n\t  return toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a Stream\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isStream(val) {\n\t  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} val The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tfunction isURLSearchParams(val) {\n\t  return typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && val instanceof URLSearchParams;\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string\n\t *\n\t * @param {String} str The String to trim\n\t * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace\n\t */\n\tfunction trim(str) {\n\t  return str.replace(/^\\s*/, '').replace(/\\s*$/, '');\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment\n\t *\n\t * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.\n\t * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.\n\t *\n\t * web workers:\n\t *  typeof window -> undefined\n\t *  typeof document -> undefined\n\t *\n\t * react-native:\n\t *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'\n\t * nativescript\n\t *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'\n\t */\n\tfunction isStandardBrowserEnv() {\n\t  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && (navigator.product === 'ReactNative' ||\n\t                                           navigator.product === 'NativeScript' ||\n\t                                           navigator.product === 'NS')) {\n\t    return false;\n\t  }\n\t  return (\n\t    typeof window !== 'undefined' &&\n\t    typeof document !== 'undefined'\n\t  );\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.\n\t *\n\t * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing\n\t * the value, index, and complete array for each item.\n\t *\n\t * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing\n\t * the value, key, and complete object for each property.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate\n\t * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item\n\t */\n\tfunction forEach(obj, fn) {\n\t  // Don't bother if no value provided\n\t  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {\n\t    return;\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  // Force an array if not already something iterable\n\t  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {\n\t    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n\t    obj = [obj];\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  if (isArray(obj)) {\n\t    // Iterate over array values\n\t    for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {\n\t      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);\n\t    }\n\t  } else {\n\t    // Iterate over object keys\n\t    for (var key in obj) {\n\t      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n\t        fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);\n\t      }\n\t    }\n\t  }\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then\n\t * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.\n\t *\n\t * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in\n\t * the arguments list will take precedence.\n\t *\n\t * Example:\n\t *\n\t * ```js\n\t * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});\n\t * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456\n\t * ```\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge\n\t * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties\n\t */\n\tfunction merge(/* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */) {\n\t  var result = {};\n\t  function assignValue(val, key) {\n\t    if (isPlainObject(result[key]) && isPlainObject(val)) {\n\t      result[key] = merge(result[key], val);\n\t    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {\n\t      result[key] = merge({}, val);\n\t    } else if (isArray(val)) {\n\t      result[key] = val.slice();\n\t    } else {\n\t      result[key] = val;\n\t    }\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {\n\t    forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);\n\t  }\n\t  return result;\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} a The object to be extended\n\t * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from\n\t * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to\n\t * @return {Object} The resulting value of object a\n\t */\n\tfunction extend(a, b, thisArg) {\n\t  forEach(b, function assignValue(val, key) {\n\t    if (thisArg && typeof val === 'function') {\n\t      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);\n\t    } else {\n\t      a[key] = val;\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t  return a;\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} content with BOM\n\t * @return {string} content value without BOM\n\t */\n\tfunction stripBOM(content) {\n\t  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {\n\t    content = content.slice(1);\n\t  }\n\t  return content;\n\t}\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = {\n\t  isArray: isArray,\n\t  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,\n\t  isBuffer: isBuffer,\n\t  isFormData: isFormData,\n\t  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,\n\t  isString: isString,\n\t  isNumber: isNumber,\n\t  isObject: isObject,\n\t  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,\n\t  isUndefined: isUndefined,\n\t  isDate: isDate,\n\t  isFile: isFile,\n\t  isBlob: isBlob,\n\t  isFunction: isFunction,\n\t  isStream: isStream,\n\t  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,\n\t  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,\n\t  forEach: forEach,\n\t  merge: merge,\n\t  extend: extend,\n\t  trim: trim,\n\t  stripBOM: stripBOM\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 3 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = function bind(fn, thisArg) {\n\t  return function wrap() {\n\t    var args = new Array(arguments.length);\n\t    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {\n\t      args[i] = arguments[i];\n\t    }\n\t    return fn.apply(thisArg, args);\n\t  };\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 4 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\tvar buildURL = __webpack_require__(5);\n\tvar InterceptorManager = __webpack_require__(6);\n\tvar dispatchRequest = __webpack_require__(7);\n\tvar mergeConfig = __webpack_require__(22);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Create a new instance of Axios\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance\n\t */\n\tfunction Axios(instanceConfig) {\n\t  this.defaults = instanceConfig;\n\t  this.interceptors = {\n\t    request: new InterceptorManager(),\n\t    response: new InterceptorManager()\n\t  };\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Dispatch a request\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} config The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)\n\t */\n\tAxios.prototype.request = function request(config) {\n\t  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n\t  // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API\n\t  if (typeof config === 'string') {\n\t    config = arguments[1] || {};\n\t    config.url = arguments[0];\n\t  } else {\n\t    config = config || {};\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n\t\n\t  // Set config.method\n\t  if (config.method) {\n\t    config.method = config.method.toLowerCase();\n\t  } else if (this.defaults.method) {\n\t    config.method = this.defaults.method.toLowerCase();\n\t  } else {\n\t    config.method = 'get';\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  // Hook up interceptors middleware\n\t  var chain = [dispatchRequest, undefined];\n\t  var promise = Promise.resolve(config);\n\t\n\t  this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {\n\t    chain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {\n\t    chain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  while (chain.length) {\n\t    promise = promise.then(chain.shift(), chain.shift());\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  return promise;\n\t};\n\t\n\tAxios.prototype.getUri = function getUri(config) {\n\t  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n\t  return buildURL(config.url, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\\?/, '');\n\t};\n\t\n\t// Provide aliases for supported request methods\n\tutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n\t  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n\t  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, config) {\n\t    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n\t      method: method,\n\t      url: url,\n\t      data: (config || {}).data\n\t    }));\n\t  };\n\t});\n\t\n\tutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n\t  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n\t  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, data, config) {\n\t    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n\t      method: method,\n\t      url: url,\n\t      data: data\n\t    }));\n\t  };\n\t});\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = Axios;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 5 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\tfunction encode(val) {\n\t  return encodeURIComponent(val).\n\t    replace(/%3A/gi, ':').\n\t    replace(/%24/g, '$').\n\t    replace(/%2C/gi, ',').\n\t    replace(/%20/g, '+').\n\t    replace(/%5B/gi, '[').\n\t    replace(/%5D/gi, ']');\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Build a URL by appending params to the end\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)\n\t * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended\n\t * @returns {string} The formatted url\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function buildURL(url, params, paramsSerializer) {\n\t  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n\t  if (!params) {\n\t    return url;\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  var serializedParams;\n\t  if (paramsSerializer) {\n\t    serializedParams = paramsSerializer(params);\n\t  } else if (utils.isURLSearchParams(params)) {\n\t    serializedParams = params.toString();\n\t  } else {\n\t    var parts = [];\n\t\n\t    utils.forEach(params, function serialize(val, key) {\n\t      if (val === null || typeof val === 'undefined') {\n\t        return;\n\t      }\n\t\n\t      if (utils.isArray(val)) {\n\t        key = key + '[]';\n\t      } else {\n\t        val = [val];\n\t      }\n\t\n\t      utils.forEach(val, function parseValue(v) {\n\t        if (utils.isDate(v)) {\n\t          v = v.toISOString();\n\t        } else if (utils.isObject(v)) {\n\t          v = JSON.stringify(v);\n\t        }\n\t        parts.push(encode(key) + '=' + encode(v));\n\t      });\n\t    });\n\t\n\t    serializedParams = parts.join('&');\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  if (serializedParams) {\n\t    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf('#');\n\t    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {\n\t      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  return url;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 6 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\tfunction InterceptorManager() {\n\t  this.handlers = [];\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Add a new interceptor to the stack\n\t *\n\t * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`\n\t * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`\n\t *\n\t * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later\n\t */\n\tInterceptorManager.prototype.use = function use(fulfilled, rejected) {\n\t  this.handlers.push({\n\t    fulfilled: fulfilled,\n\t    rejected: rejected\n\t  });\n\t  return this.handlers.length - 1;\n\t};\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Remove an interceptor from the stack\n\t *\n\t * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`\n\t */\n\tInterceptorManager.prototype.eject = function eject(id) {\n\t  if (this.handlers[id]) {\n\t    this.handlers[id] = null;\n\t  }\n\t};\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Iterate over all the registered interceptors\n\t *\n\t * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any\n\t * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor\n\t */\n\tInterceptorManager.prototype.forEach = function forEach(fn) {\n\t  utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {\n\t    if (h !== null) {\n\t      fn(h);\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t};\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = InterceptorManager;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 7 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\tvar transformData = __webpack_require__(8);\n\tvar isCancel = __webpack_require__(9);\n\tvar defaults = __webpack_require__(10);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.\n\t */\n\tfunction throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {\n\t  if (config.cancelToken) {\n\t    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();\n\t  }\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n\t * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function dispatchRequest(config) {\n\t  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\t\n\t  // Ensure headers exist\n\t  config.headers = config.headers || {};\n\t\n\t  // Transform request data\n\t  config.data = transformData(\n\t    config.data,\n\t    config.headers,\n\t    config.transformRequest\n\t  );\n\t\n\t  // Flatten headers\n\t  config.headers = utils.merge(\n\t    config.headers.common || {},\n\t    config.headers[config.method] || {},\n\t    config.headers\n\t  );\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(\n\t    ['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'],\n\t    function cleanHeaderConfig(method) {\n\t      delete config.headers[method];\n\t    }\n\t  );\n\t\n\t  var adapter = config.adapter || defaults.adapter;\n\t\n\t  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {\n\t    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\t\n\t    // Transform response data\n\t    response.data = transformData(\n\t      response.data,\n\t      response.headers,\n\t      config.transformResponse\n\t    );\n\t\n\t    return response;\n\t  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {\n\t    if (!isCancel(reason)) {\n\t      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\t\n\t      // Transform response data\n\t      if (reason && reason.response) {\n\t        reason.response.data = transformData(\n\t          reason.response.data,\n\t          reason.response.headers,\n\t          config.transformResponse\n\t        );\n\t      }\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    return Promise.reject(reason);\n\t  });\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 8 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Transform the data for a request or a response\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object|String} data The data to be transformed\n\t * @param {Array} headers The headers for the request or response\n\t * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions\n\t * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function transformData(data, headers, fns) {\n\t  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n\t  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {\n\t    data = fn(data, headers);\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  return data;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 9 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = function isCancel(value) {\n\t  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 10 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\tvar normalizeHeaderName = __webpack_require__(11);\n\t\n\tvar DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {\n\t  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n\t};\n\t\n\tfunction setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, value) {\n\t  if (!utils.isUndefined(headers) && utils.isUndefined(headers['Content-Type'])) {\n\t    headers['Content-Type'] = value;\n\t  }\n\t}\n\t\n\tfunction getDefaultAdapter() {\n\t  var adapter;\n\t  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {\n\t    // For browsers use XHR adapter\n\t    adapter = __webpack_require__(12);\n\t  } else if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && Object.prototype.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {\n\t    // For node use HTTP adapter\n\t    adapter = __webpack_require__(12);\n\t  }\n\t  return adapter;\n\t}\n\t\n\tvar defaults = {\n\t  adapter: getDefaultAdapter(),\n\t\n\t  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {\n\t    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Accept');\n\t    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Content-Type');\n\t    if (utils.isFormData(data) ||\n\t      utils.isArrayBuffer(data) ||\n\t      utils.isBuffer(data) ||\n\t      utils.isStream(data) ||\n\t      utils.isFile(data) ||\n\t      utils.isBlob(data)\n\t    ) {\n\t      return data;\n\t    }\n\t    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {\n\t      return data.buffer;\n\t    }\n\t    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {\n\t      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8');\n\t      return data.toString();\n\t    }\n\t    if (utils.isObject(data)) {\n\t      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/json;charset=utf-8');\n\t      return JSON.stringify(data);\n\t    }\n\t    return data;\n\t  }],\n\t\n\t  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {\n\t    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n\t    if (typeof data === 'string') {\n\t      try {\n\t        data = JSON.parse(data);\n\t      } catch (e) { /* Ignore */ }\n\t    }\n\t    return data;\n\t  }],\n\t\n\t  /**\n\t   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a\n\t   * timeout is not created.\n\t   */\n\t  timeout: 0,\n\t\n\t  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',\n\t  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',\n\t\n\t  maxContentLength: -1,\n\t  maxBodyLength: -1,\n\t\n\t  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {\n\t    return status >= 200 && status < 300;\n\t  }\n\t};\n\t\n\tdefaults.headers = {\n\t  common: {\n\t    'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'\n\t  }\n\t};\n\t\n\tutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n\t  defaults.headers[method] = {};\n\t});\n\t\n\tutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n\t  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);\n\t});\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = defaults;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 11 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = function normalizeHeaderName(headers, normalizedName) {\n\t  utils.forEach(headers, function processHeader(value, name) {\n\t    if (name !== normalizedName && name.toUpperCase() === normalizedName.toUpperCase()) {\n\t      headers[normalizedName] = value;\n\t      delete headers[name];\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 12 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\tvar settle = __webpack_require__(13);\n\tvar cookies = __webpack_require__(16);\n\tvar buildURL = __webpack_require__(5);\n\tvar buildFullPath = __webpack_require__(17);\n\tvar parseHeaders = __webpack_require__(20);\n\tvar isURLSameOrigin = __webpack_require__(21);\n\tvar createError = __webpack_require__(14);\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = function xhrAdapter(config) {\n\t  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {\n\t    var requestData = config.data;\n\t    var requestHeaders = config.headers;\n\t\n\t    if (utils.isFormData(requestData)) {\n\t      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n\t\n\t    // HTTP basic authentication\n\t    if (config.auth) {\n\t      var username = config.auth.username || '';\n\t      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';\n\t      requestHeaders.Authorization = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n\t    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);\n\t\n\t    // Set the request timeout in MS\n\t    request.timeout = config.timeout;\n\t\n\t    // Listen for ready state\n\t    request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {\n\t      if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {\n\t        return;\n\t      }\n\t\n\t      // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be\n\t      // handled by onerror instead\n\t      // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers\n\t      // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request\n\t      if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {\n\t        return;\n\t      }\n\t\n\t      // Prepare the response\n\t      var responseHeaders = 'getAllResponseHeaders' in request ? parseHeaders(request.getAllResponseHeaders()) : null;\n\t      var responseData = !config.responseType || config.responseType === 'text' ? request.responseText : request.response;\n\t      var response = {\n\t        data: responseData,\n\t        status: request.status,\n\t        statusText: request.statusText,\n\t        headers: responseHeaders,\n\t        config: config,\n\t        request: request\n\t      };\n\t\n\t      settle(resolve, reject, response);\n\t\n\t      // Clean up request\n\t      request = null;\n\t    };\n\t\n\t    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)\n\t    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {\n\t      if (!request) {\n\t        return;\n\t      }\n\t\n\t      reject(createError('Request aborted', config, 'ECONNABORTED', request));\n\t\n\t      // Clean up request\n\t      request = null;\n\t    };\n\t\n\t    // Handle low level network errors\n\t    request.onerror = function handleError() {\n\t      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser\n\t      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error\n\t      reject(createError('Network Error', config, null, request));\n\t\n\t      // Clean up request\n\t      request = null;\n\t    };\n\t\n\t    // Handle timeout\n\t    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {\n\t      var timeoutErrorMessage = 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded';\n\t      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {\n\t        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;\n\t      }\n\t      reject(createError(timeoutErrorMessage, config, 'ECONNABORTED',\n\t        request));\n\t\n\t      // Clean up request\n\t      request = null;\n\t    };\n\t\n\t    // Add xsrf header\n\t    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.\n\t    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.\n\t    if (utils.isStandardBrowserEnv()) {\n\t      // Add xsrf header\n\t      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName ?\n\t        cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName) :\n\t        undefined;\n\t\n\t      if (xsrfValue) {\n\t        requestHeaders[config.xsrfHeaderName] = xsrfValue;\n\t      }\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    // Add headers to the request\n\t    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {\n\t      utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {\n\t        if (typeof requestData === 'undefined' && key.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {\n\t          // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined\n\t          delete requestHeaders[key];\n\t        } else {\n\t          // Otherwise add header to the request\n\t          request.setRequestHeader(key, val);\n\t        }\n\t      });\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    // Add withCredentials to request if needed\n\t    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {\n\t      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    // Add responseType to request if needed\n\t    if (config.responseType) {\n\t      try {\n\t        request.responseType = config.responseType;\n\t      } catch (e) {\n\t        // Expected DOMException thrown by browsers not compatible XMLHttpRequest Level 2.\n\t        // But, this can be suppressed for 'json' type as it can be parsed by default 'transformResponse' function.\n\t        if (config.responseType !== 'json') {\n\t          throw e;\n\t        }\n\t      }\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    // Handle progress if needed\n\t    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {\n\t      request.addEventListener('progress', config.onDownloadProgress);\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    // Not all browsers support upload events\n\t    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {\n\t      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', config.onUploadProgress);\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    if (config.cancelToken) {\n\t      // Handle cancellation\n\t      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {\n\t        if (!request) {\n\t          return;\n\t        }\n\t\n\t        request.abort();\n\t        reject(cancel);\n\t        // Clean up request\n\t        request = null;\n\t      });\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    if (!requestData) {\n\t      requestData = null;\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    // Send the request\n\t    request.send(requestData);\n\t  });\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 13 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar createError = __webpack_require__(14);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.\n\t * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.\n\t * @param {object} response The response.\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function settle(resolve, reject, response) {\n\t  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;\n\t  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {\n\t    resolve(response);\n\t  } else {\n\t    reject(createError(\n\t      'Request failed with status code ' + response.status,\n\t      response.config,\n\t      null,\n\t      response.request,\n\t      response\n\t    ));\n\t  }\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 14 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar enhanceError = __webpack_require__(15);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} message The error message.\n\t * @param {Object} config The config.\n\t * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n\t * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n\t * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n\t * @returns {Error} The created error.\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function createError(message, config, code, request, response) {\n\t  var error = new Error(message);\n\t  return enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response);\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 15 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Update an Error with the specified config, error code, and response.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Error} error The error to update.\n\t * @param {Object} config The config.\n\t * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n\t * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n\t * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n\t * @returns {Error} The error.\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response) {\n\t  error.config = config;\n\t  if (code) {\n\t    error.code = code;\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  error.request = request;\n\t  error.response = response;\n\t  error.isAxiosError = true;\n\t\n\t  error.toJSON = function toJSON() {\n\t    return {\n\t      // Standard\n\t      message: this.message,\n\t      name: this.name,\n\t      // Microsoft\n\t      description: this.description,\n\t      number: this.number,\n\t      // Mozilla\n\t      fileName: this.fileName,\n\t      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,\n\t      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,\n\t      stack: this.stack,\n\t      // Axios\n\t      config: this.config,\n\t      code: this.code\n\t    };\n\t  };\n\t  return error;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 16 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = (\n\t  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?\n\t\n\t  // Standard browser envs support document.cookie\n\t    (function standardBrowserEnv() {\n\t      return {\n\t        write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {\n\t          var cookie = [];\n\t          cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));\n\t\n\t          if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {\n\t            cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());\n\t          }\n\t\n\t          if (utils.isString(path)) {\n\t            cookie.push('path=' + path);\n\t          }\n\t\n\t          if (utils.isString(domain)) {\n\t            cookie.push('domain=' + domain);\n\t          }\n\t\n\t          if (secure === true) {\n\t            cookie.push('secure');\n\t          }\n\t\n\t          document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');\n\t        },\n\t\n\t        read: function read(name) {\n\t          var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));\n\t          return (match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null);\n\t        },\n\t\n\t        remove: function remove(name) {\n\t          this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);\n\t        }\n\t      };\n\t    })() :\n\t\n\t  // Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\n\t    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n\t      return {\n\t        write: function write() {},\n\t        read: function read() { return null; },\n\t        remove: function remove() {}\n\t      };\n\t    })()\n\t);\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 17 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar isAbsoluteURL = __webpack_require__(18);\n\tvar combineURLs = __webpack_require__(19);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,\n\t * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.\n\t * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n\t * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine\n\t * @returns {string} The combined full path\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {\n\t  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {\n\t    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);\n\t  }\n\t  return requestedURL;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 18 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} url The URL to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function isAbsoluteURL(url) {\n\t  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with \"<scheme>://\" or \"//\" (protocol-relative URL).\n\t  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed\n\t  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.\n\t  return /^([a-z][a-z\\d\\+\\-\\.]*:)?\\/\\//i.test(url);\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 19 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n\t * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL\n\t * @returns {string} The combined URL\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {\n\t  return relativeURL\n\t    ? baseURL.replace(/\\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\\/+/, '')\n\t    : baseURL;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 20 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\t// Headers whose duplicates are ignored by node\n\t// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers\n\tvar ignoreDuplicateOf = [\n\t  'age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag',\n\t  'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since',\n\t  'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization',\n\t  'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent'\n\t];\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Parse headers into an object\n\t *\n\t * ```\n\t * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT\n\t * Content-Type: application/json\n\t * Connection: keep-alive\n\t * Transfer-Encoding: chunked\n\t * ```\n\t *\n\t * @param {String} headers Headers needing to be parsed\n\t * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function parseHeaders(headers) {\n\t  var parsed = {};\n\t  var key;\n\t  var val;\n\t  var i;\n\t\n\t  if (!headers) { return parsed; }\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(headers.split('\\n'), function parser(line) {\n\t    i = line.indexOf(':');\n\t    key = utils.trim(line.substr(0, i)).toLowerCase();\n\t    val = utils.trim(line.substr(i + 1));\n\t\n\t    if (key) {\n\t      if (parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf.indexOf(key) >= 0) {\n\t        return;\n\t      }\n\t      if (key === 'set-cookie') {\n\t        parsed[key] = (parsed[key] ? parsed[key] : []).concat([val]);\n\t      } else {\n\t        parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;\n\t      }\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  return parsed;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 21 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = (\n\t  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?\n\t\n\t  // Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test\n\t  // whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.\n\t    (function standardBrowserEnv() {\n\t      var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);\n\t      var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');\n\t      var originURL;\n\t\n\t      /**\n\t    * Parse a URL to discover it's components\n\t    *\n\t    * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed\n\t    * @returns {Object}\n\t    */\n\t      function resolveURL(url) {\n\t        var href = url;\n\t\n\t        if (msie) {\n\t        // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties\n\t          urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n\t          href = urlParsingNode.href;\n\t        }\n\t\n\t        urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n\t\n\t        // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils\n\t        return {\n\t          href: urlParsingNode.href,\n\t          protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',\n\t          host: urlParsingNode.host,\n\t          search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\\?/, '') : '',\n\t          hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',\n\t          hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,\n\t          port: urlParsingNode.port,\n\t          pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/') ?\n\t            urlParsingNode.pathname :\n\t            '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname\n\t        };\n\t      }\n\t\n\t      originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);\n\t\n\t      /**\n\t    * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location\n\t    *\n\t    * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test\n\t    * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false\n\t    */\n\t      return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {\n\t        var parsed = (utils.isString(requestURL)) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;\n\t        return (parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol &&\n\t            parsed.host === originURL.host);\n\t      };\n\t    })() :\n\t\n\t  // Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\n\t    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n\t      return function isURLSameOrigin() {\n\t        return true;\n\t      };\n\t    })()\n\t);\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 22 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar utils = __webpack_require__(2);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object\n\t * by merging two configuration objects together.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Object} config1\n\t * @param {Object} config2\n\t * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {\n\t  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n\t  config2 = config2 || {};\n\t  var config = {};\n\t\n\t  var valueFromConfig2Keys = ['url', 'method', 'data'];\n\t  var mergeDeepPropertiesKeys = ['headers', 'auth', 'proxy', 'params'];\n\t  var defaultToConfig2Keys = [\n\t    'baseURL', 'transformRequest', 'transformResponse', 'paramsSerializer',\n\t    'timeout', 'timeoutMessage', 'withCredentials', 'adapter', 'responseType', 'xsrfCookieName',\n\t    'xsrfHeaderName', 'onUploadProgress', 'onDownloadProgress', 'decompress',\n\t    'maxContentLength', 'maxBodyLength', 'maxRedirects', 'transport', 'httpAgent',\n\t    'httpsAgent', 'cancelToken', 'socketPath', 'responseEncoding'\n\t  ];\n\t  var directMergeKeys = ['validateStatus'];\n\t\n\t  function getMergedValue(target, source) {\n\t    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n\t      return utils.merge(target, source);\n\t    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n\t      return utils.merge({}, source);\n\t    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {\n\t      return source.slice();\n\t    }\n\t    return source;\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  function mergeDeepProperties(prop) {\n\t    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);\n\t    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n\t    }\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(valueFromConfig2Keys, function valueFromConfig2(prop) {\n\t    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys, mergeDeepProperties);\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(defaultToConfig2Keys, function defaultToConfig2(prop) {\n\t    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);\n\t    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(directMergeKeys, function merge(prop) {\n\t    if (prop in config2) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);\n\t    } else if (prop in config1) {\n\t      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n\t    }\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  var axiosKeys = valueFromConfig2Keys\n\t    .concat(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys)\n\t    .concat(defaultToConfig2Keys)\n\t    .concat(directMergeKeys);\n\t\n\t  var otherKeys = Object\n\t    .keys(config1)\n\t    .concat(Object.keys(config2))\n\t    .filter(function filterAxiosKeys(key) {\n\t      return axiosKeys.indexOf(key) === -1;\n\t    });\n\t\n\t  utils.forEach(otherKeys, mergeDeepProperties);\n\t\n\t  return config;\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 23 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * A `Cancel` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.\n\t *\n\t * @class\n\t * @param {string=} message The message.\n\t */\n\tfunction Cancel(message) {\n\t  this.message = message;\n\t}\n\t\n\tCancel.prototype.toString = function toString() {\n\t  return 'Cancel' + (this.message ? ': ' + this.message : '');\n\t};\n\t\n\tCancel.prototype.__CANCEL__ = true;\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = Cancel;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 24 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\tvar Cancel = __webpack_require__(23);\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.\n\t *\n\t * @class\n\t * @param {Function} executor The executor function.\n\t */\n\tfunction CancelToken(executor) {\n\t  if (typeof executor !== 'function') {\n\t    throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');\n\t  }\n\t\n\t  var resolvePromise;\n\t  this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {\n\t    resolvePromise = resolve;\n\t  });\n\t\n\t  var token = this;\n\t  executor(function cancel(message) {\n\t    if (token.reason) {\n\t      // Cancellation has already been requested\n\t      return;\n\t    }\n\t\n\t    token.reason = new Cancel(message);\n\t    resolvePromise(token.reason);\n\t  });\n\t}\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.\n\t */\n\tCancelToken.prototype.throwIfRequested = function throwIfRequested() {\n\t  if (this.reason) {\n\t    throw this.reason;\n\t  }\n\t};\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,\n\t * cancels the `CancelToken`.\n\t */\n\tCancelToken.source = function source() {\n\t  var cancel;\n\t  var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {\n\t    cancel = c;\n\t  });\n\t  return {\n\t    token: token,\n\t    cancel: cancel\n\t  };\n\t};\n\t\n\tmodule.exports = CancelToken;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 25 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.\n\t *\n\t * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.\n\t *\n\t *  ```js\n\t *  function f(x, y, z) {}\n\t *  var args = [1, 2, 3];\n\t *  f.apply(null, args);\n\t *  ```\n\t *\n\t * With `spread` this example can be re-written.\n\t *\n\t *  ```js\n\t *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);\n\t *  ```\n\t *\n\t * @param {Function} callback\n\t * @returns {Function}\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function spread(callback) {\n\t  return function wrap(arr) {\n\t    return callback.apply(null, arr);\n\t  };\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n/* 26 */\n/***/ (function(module, exports) {\n\n\t'use strict';\n\t\n\t/**\n\t * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios\n\t *\n\t * @param {*} payload The value to test\n\t * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false\n\t */\n\tmodule.exports = function isAxiosError(payload) {\n\t  return (typeof payload === 'object') && (payload.isAxiosError === true);\n\t};\n\n\n/***/ })\n/******/ ])\n});\n;\n\n\n// WEBPACK FOOTER //\n// axios.min.js"," \t// The module cache\n \tvar installedModules = {};\n\n \t// The require function\n \tfunction __webpack_require__(moduleId) {\n\n \t\t// Check if module is in cache\n \t\tif(installedModules[moduleId])\n \t\t\treturn installedModules[moduleId].exports;\n\n \t\t// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)\n \t\tvar module = installedModules[moduleId] = {\n \t\t\texports: {},\n \t\t\tid: moduleId,\n \t\t\tloaded: false\n \t\t};\n\n \t\t// Execute the module function\n \t\tmodules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);\n\n \t\t// Flag the module as loaded\n \t\tmodule.loaded = true;\n\n \t\t// Return the exports of the module\n \t\treturn module.exports;\n \t}\n\n\n \t// expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)\n \t__webpack_require__.m = modules;\n\n \t// expose the module cache\n \t__webpack_require__.c = installedModules;\n\n \t// __webpack_public_path__\n \t__webpack_require__.p = \"\";\n\n \t// Load entry module and return exports\n \treturn __webpack_require__(0);\n\n\n\n// WEBPACK FOOTER //\n// webpack/bootstrap 081842adca0968bb3270","module.exports = require('./lib/axios');\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./index.js\n// module id = 0\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./utils');\nvar bind = require('./helpers/bind');\nvar Axios = require('./core/Axios');\nvar mergeConfig = require('./core/mergeConfig');\nvar defaults = require('./defaults');\n\n/**\n * Create an instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} defaultConfig The default config for the instance\n * @return {Axios} A new instance of Axios\n */\nfunction createInstance(defaultConfig) {\n  var context = new Axios(defaultConfig);\n  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);\n\n  // Copy axios.prototype to instance\n  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context);\n\n  // Copy context to instance\n  utils.extend(instance, context);\n\n  return instance;\n}\n\n// Create the default instance to be exported\nvar axios = createInstance(defaults);\n\n// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance\naxios.Axios = Axios;\n\n// Factory for creating new instances\naxios.create = function create(instanceConfig) {\n  return createInstance(mergeConfig(axios.defaults, instanceConfig));\n};\n\n// Expose Cancel & CancelToken\naxios.Cancel = require('./cancel/Cancel');\naxios.CancelToken = require('./cancel/CancelToken');\naxios.isCancel = require('./cancel/isCancel');\n\n// Expose all/spread\naxios.all = function all(promises) {\n  return Promise.all(promises);\n};\naxios.spread = require('./helpers/spread');\n\n// Expose isAxiosError\naxios.isAxiosError = require('./helpers/isAxiosError');\n\nmodule.exports = axios;\n\n// Allow use of default import syntax in TypeScript\nmodule.exports.default = axios;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/axios.js\n// module id = 1\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar bind = require('./helpers/bind');\n\n/*global toString:true*/\n\n// utils is a library of generic helper functions non-specific to axios\n\nvar toString = Object.prototype.toString;\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Array\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Array, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArray(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Array]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is undefined\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if the value is undefined, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isUndefined(val) {\n  return typeof val === 'undefined';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Buffer\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isBuffer(val) {\n  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor)\n    && typeof val.constructor.isBuffer === 'function' && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArrayBuffer(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object ArrayBuffer]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a FormData\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isFormData(val) {\n  return (typeof FormData !== 'undefined') && (val instanceof FormData);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArrayBufferView(val) {\n  var result;\n  if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined') && (ArrayBuffer.isView)) {\n    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);\n  } else {\n    result = (val) && (val.buffer) && (val.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a String\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isString(val) {\n  return typeof val === 'string';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Number\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isNumber(val) {\n  return typeof val === 'number';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Object\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isObject(val) {\n  return val !== null && typeof val === 'object';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a plain Object\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @return {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isPlainObject(val) {\n  if (toString.call(val) !== '[object Object]') {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(val);\n  return prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Date\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isDate(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Date]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a File\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isFile(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object File]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Blob\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isBlob(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Blob]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Function\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isFunction(val) {\n  return toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Stream\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isStream(val) {\n  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isURLSearchParams(val) {\n  return typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && val instanceof URLSearchParams;\n}\n\n/**\n * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string\n *\n * @param {String} str The String to trim\n * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace\n */\nfunction trim(str) {\n  return str.replace(/^\\s*/, '').replace(/\\s*$/, '');\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment\n *\n * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.\n * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.\n *\n * web workers:\n *  typeof window -> undefined\n *  typeof document -> undefined\n *\n * react-native:\n *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'\n * nativescript\n *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'\n */\nfunction isStandardBrowserEnv() {\n  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && (navigator.product === 'ReactNative' ||\n                                           navigator.product === 'NativeScript' ||\n                                           navigator.product === 'NS')) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return (\n    typeof window !== 'undefined' &&\n    typeof document !== 'undefined'\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.\n *\n * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing\n * the value, index, and complete array for each item.\n *\n * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing\n * the value, key, and complete object for each property.\n *\n * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate\n * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item\n */\nfunction forEach(obj, fn) {\n  // Don't bother if no value provided\n  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Force an array if not already something iterable\n  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {\n    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n    obj = [obj];\n  }\n\n  if (isArray(obj)) {\n    // Iterate over array values\n    for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {\n      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);\n    }\n  } else {\n    // Iterate over object keys\n    for (var key in obj) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n        fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then\n * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.\n *\n * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in\n * the arguments list will take precedence.\n *\n * Example:\n *\n * ```js\n * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});\n * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456\n * ```\n *\n * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge\n * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties\n */\nfunction merge(/* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */) {\n  var result = {};\n  function assignValue(val, key) {\n    if (isPlainObject(result[key]) && isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[key] = merge(result[key], val);\n    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[key] = merge({}, val);\n    } else if (isArray(val)) {\n      result[key] = val.slice();\n    } else {\n      result[key] = val;\n    }\n  }\n\n  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {\n    forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.\n *\n * @param {Object} a The object to be extended\n * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from\n * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to\n * @return {Object} The resulting value of object a\n */\nfunction extend(a, b, thisArg) {\n  forEach(b, function assignValue(val, key) {\n    if (thisArg && typeof val === 'function') {\n      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);\n    } else {\n      a[key] = val;\n    }\n  });\n  return a;\n}\n\n/**\n * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)\n *\n * @param {string} content with BOM\n * @return {string} content value without BOM\n */\nfunction stripBOM(content) {\n  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {\n    content = content.slice(1);\n  }\n  return content;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  isArray: isArray,\n  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,\n  isBuffer: isBuffer,\n  isFormData: isFormData,\n  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,\n  isString: isString,\n  isNumber: isNumber,\n  isObject: isObject,\n  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,\n  isUndefined: isUndefined,\n  isDate: isDate,\n  isFile: isFile,\n  isBlob: isBlob,\n  isFunction: isFunction,\n  isStream: isStream,\n  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,\n  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,\n  forEach: forEach,\n  merge: merge,\n  extend: extend,\n  trim: trim,\n  stripBOM: stripBOM\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/utils.js\n// module id = 2\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nmodule.exports = function bind(fn, thisArg) {\n  return function wrap() {\n    var args = new Array(arguments.length);\n    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {\n      args[i] = arguments[i];\n    }\n    return fn.apply(thisArg, args);\n  };\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/bind.js\n// module id = 3\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\nvar buildURL = require('../helpers/buildURL');\nvar InterceptorManager = require('./InterceptorManager');\nvar dispatchRequest = require('./dispatchRequest');\nvar mergeConfig = require('./mergeConfig');\n\n/**\n * Create a new instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance\n */\nfunction Axios(instanceConfig) {\n  this.defaults = instanceConfig;\n  this.interceptors = {\n    request: new InterceptorManager(),\n    response: new InterceptorManager()\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch a request\n *\n * @param {Object} config The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)\n */\nAxios.prototype.request = function request(config) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API\n  if (typeof config === 'string') {\n    config = arguments[1] || {};\n    config.url = arguments[0];\n  } else {\n    config = config || {};\n  }\n\n  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n\n  // Set config.method\n  if (config.method) {\n    config.method = config.method.toLowerCase();\n  } else if (this.defaults.method) {\n    config.method = this.defaults.method.toLowerCase();\n  } else {\n    config.method = 'get';\n  }\n\n  // Hook up interceptors middleware\n  var chain = [dispatchRequest, undefined];\n  var promise = Promise.resolve(config);\n\n  this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {\n    chain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n  });\n\n  this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {\n    chain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n  });\n\n  while (chain.length) {\n    promise = promise.then(chain.shift(), chain.shift());\n  }\n\n  return promise;\n};\n\nAxios.prototype.getUri = function getUri(config) {\n  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n  return buildURL(config.url, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\\?/, '');\n};\n\n// Provide aliases for supported request methods\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, config) {\n    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n      method: method,\n      url: url,\n      data: (config || {}).data\n    }));\n  };\n});\n\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, data, config) {\n    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n      method: method,\n      url: url,\n      data: data\n    }));\n  };\n});\n\nmodule.exports = Axios;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/Axios.js\n// module id = 4\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nfunction encode(val) {\n  return encodeURIComponent(val).\n    replace(/%3A/gi, ':').\n    replace(/%24/g, '$').\n    replace(/%2C/gi, ',').\n    replace(/%20/g, '+').\n    replace(/%5B/gi, '[').\n    replace(/%5D/gi, ']');\n}\n\n/**\n * Build a URL by appending params to the end\n *\n * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)\n * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended\n * @returns {string} The formatted url\n */\nmodule.exports = function buildURL(url, params, paramsSerializer) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  if (!params) {\n    return url;\n  }\n\n  var serializedParams;\n  if (paramsSerializer) {\n    serializedParams = paramsSerializer(params);\n  } else if (utils.isURLSearchParams(params)) {\n    serializedParams = params.toString();\n  } else {\n    var parts = [];\n\n    utils.forEach(params, function serialize(val, key) {\n      if (val === null || typeof val === 'undefined') {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      if (utils.isArray(val)) {\n        key = key + '[]';\n      } else {\n        val = [val];\n      }\n\n      utils.forEach(val, function parseValue(v) {\n        if (utils.isDate(v)) {\n          v = v.toISOString();\n        } else if (utils.isObject(v)) {\n          v = JSON.stringify(v);\n        }\n        parts.push(encode(key) + '=' + encode(v));\n      });\n    });\n\n    serializedParams = parts.join('&');\n  }\n\n  if (serializedParams) {\n    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf('#');\n    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {\n      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);\n    }\n\n    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;\n  }\n\n  return url;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/buildURL.js\n// module id = 5\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nfunction InterceptorManager() {\n  this.handlers = [];\n}\n\n/**\n * Add a new interceptor to the stack\n *\n * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`\n * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`\n *\n * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later\n */\nInterceptorManager.prototype.use = function use(fulfilled, rejected) {\n  this.handlers.push({\n    fulfilled: fulfilled,\n    rejected: rejected\n  });\n  return this.handlers.length - 1;\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove an interceptor from the stack\n *\n * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`\n */\nInterceptorManager.prototype.eject = function eject(id) {\n  if (this.handlers[id]) {\n    this.handlers[id] = null;\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * Iterate over all the registered interceptors\n *\n * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any\n * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.\n *\n * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor\n */\nInterceptorManager.prototype.forEach = function forEach(fn) {\n  utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {\n    if (h !== null) {\n      fn(h);\n    }\n  });\n};\n\nmodule.exports = InterceptorManager;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/InterceptorManager.js\n// module id = 6\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\nvar transformData = require('./transformData');\nvar isCancel = require('../cancel/isCancel');\nvar defaults = require('../defaults');\n\n/**\n * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.\n */\nfunction throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {\n  if (config.cancelToken) {\n    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.\n *\n * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n */\nmodule.exports = function dispatchRequest(config) {\n  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n  // Ensure headers exist\n  config.headers = config.headers || {};\n\n  // Transform request data\n  config.data = transformData(\n    config.data,\n    config.headers,\n    config.transformRequest\n  );\n\n  // Flatten headers\n  config.headers = utils.merge(\n    config.headers.common || {},\n    config.headers[config.method] || {},\n    config.headers\n  );\n\n  utils.forEach(\n    ['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'],\n    function cleanHeaderConfig(method) {\n      delete config.headers[method];\n    }\n  );\n\n  var adapter = config.adapter || defaults.adapter;\n\n  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {\n    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n    // Transform response data\n    response.data = transformData(\n      response.data,\n      response.headers,\n      config.transformResponse\n    );\n\n    return response;\n  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {\n    if (!isCancel(reason)) {\n      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n      // Transform response data\n      if (reason && reason.response) {\n        reason.response.data = transformData(\n          reason.response.data,\n          reason.response.headers,\n          config.transformResponse\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    return Promise.reject(reason);\n  });\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/dispatchRequest.js\n// module id = 7\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\n/**\n * Transform the data for a request or a response\n *\n * @param {Object|String} data The data to be transformed\n * @param {Array} headers The headers for the request or response\n * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions\n * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data\n */\nmodule.exports = function transformData(data, headers, fns) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {\n    data = fn(data, headers);\n  });\n\n  return data;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/transformData.js\n// module id = 8\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nmodule.exports = function isCancel(value) {\n  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/cancel/isCancel.js\n// module id = 9\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./utils');\nvar normalizeHeaderName = require('./helpers/normalizeHeaderName');\n\nvar DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {\n  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n};\n\nfunction setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, value) {\n  if (!utils.isUndefined(headers) && utils.isUndefined(headers['Content-Type'])) {\n    headers['Content-Type'] = value;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction getDefaultAdapter() {\n  var adapter;\n  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {\n    // For browsers use XHR adapter\n    adapter = require('./adapters/xhr');\n  } else if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && Object.prototype.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {\n    // For node use HTTP adapter\n    adapter = require('./adapters/http');\n  }\n  return adapter;\n}\n\nvar defaults = {\n  adapter: getDefaultAdapter(),\n\n  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {\n    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Accept');\n    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Content-Type');\n    if (utils.isFormData(data) ||\n      utils.isArrayBuffer(data) ||\n      utils.isBuffer(data) ||\n      utils.isStream(data) ||\n      utils.isFile(data) ||\n      utils.isBlob(data)\n    ) {\n      return data;\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {\n      return data.buffer;\n    }\n    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {\n      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8');\n      return data.toString();\n    }\n    if (utils.isObject(data)) {\n      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/json;charset=utf-8');\n      return JSON.stringify(data);\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n\n  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {\n    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n    if (typeof data === 'string') {\n      try {\n        data = JSON.parse(data);\n      } catch (e) { /* Ignore */ }\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n\n  /**\n   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a\n   * timeout is not created.\n   */\n  timeout: 0,\n\n  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',\n  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',\n\n  maxContentLength: -1,\n  maxBodyLength: -1,\n\n  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {\n    return status >= 200 && status < 300;\n  }\n};\n\ndefaults.headers = {\n  common: {\n    'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'\n  }\n};\n\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = {};\n});\n\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);\n});\n\nmodule.exports = defaults;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/defaults.js\n// module id = 10\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('../utils');\n\nmodule.exports = function normalizeHeaderName(headers, normalizedName) {\n  utils.forEach(headers, function processHeader(value, name) {\n    if (name !== normalizedName && name.toUpperCase() === normalizedName.toUpperCase()) {\n      headers[normalizedName] = value;\n      delete headers[name];\n    }\n  });\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/normalizeHeaderName.js\n// module id = 11\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\nvar settle = require('./../core/settle');\nvar cookies = require('./../helpers/cookies');\nvar buildURL = require('./../helpers/buildURL');\nvar buildFullPath = require('../core/buildFullPath');\nvar parseHeaders = require('./../helpers/parseHeaders');\nvar isURLSameOrigin = require('./../helpers/isURLSameOrigin');\nvar createError = require('../core/createError');\n\nmodule.exports = function xhrAdapter(config) {\n  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {\n    var requestData = config.data;\n    var requestHeaders = config.headers;\n\n    if (utils.isFormData(requestData)) {\n      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it\n    }\n\n    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n\n    // HTTP basic authentication\n    if (config.auth) {\n      var username = config.auth.username || '';\n      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';\n      requestHeaders.Authorization = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);\n    }\n\n    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);\n\n    // Set the request timeout in MS\n    request.timeout = config.timeout;\n\n    // Listen for ready state\n    request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {\n      if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be\n      // handled by onerror instead\n      // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers\n      // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request\n      if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Prepare the response\n      var responseHeaders = 'getAllResponseHeaders' in request ? parseHeaders(request.getAllResponseHeaders()) : null;\n      var responseData = !config.responseType || config.responseType === 'text' ? request.responseText : request.response;\n      var response = {\n        data: responseData,\n        status: request.status,\n        statusText: request.statusText,\n        headers: responseHeaders,\n        config: config,\n        request: request\n      };\n\n      settle(resolve, reject, response);\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)\n    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {\n      if (!request) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      reject(createError('Request aborted', config, 'ECONNABORTED', request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle low level network errors\n    request.onerror = function handleError() {\n      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser\n      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error\n      reject(createError('Network Error', config, null, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle timeout\n    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {\n      var timeoutErrorMessage = 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded';\n      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {\n        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;\n      }\n      reject(createError(timeoutErrorMessage, config, 'ECONNABORTED',\n        request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Add xsrf header\n    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.\n    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.\n    if (utils.isStandardBrowserEnv()) {\n      // Add xsrf header\n      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName ?\n        cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName) :\n        undefined;\n\n      if (xsrfValue) {\n        requestHeaders[config.xsrfHeaderName] = xsrfValue;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Add headers to the request\n    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {\n      utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {\n        if (typeof requestData === 'undefined' && key.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {\n          // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined\n          delete requestHeaders[key];\n        } else {\n          // Otherwise add header to the request\n          request.setRequestHeader(key, val);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Add withCredentials to request if needed\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {\n      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;\n    }\n\n    // Add responseType to request if needed\n    if (config.responseType) {\n      try {\n        request.responseType = config.responseType;\n      } catch (e) {\n        // Expected DOMException thrown by browsers not compatible XMLHttpRequest Level 2.\n        // But, this can be suppressed for 'json' type as it can be parsed by default 'transformResponse' function.\n        if (config.responseType !== 'json') {\n          throw e;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Handle progress if needed\n    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {\n      request.addEventListener('progress', config.onDownloadProgress);\n    }\n\n    // Not all browsers support upload events\n    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {\n      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', config.onUploadProgress);\n    }\n\n    if (config.cancelToken) {\n      // Handle cancellation\n      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {\n        if (!request) {\n          return;\n        }\n\n        request.abort();\n        reject(cancel);\n        // Clean up request\n        request = null;\n      });\n    }\n\n    if (!requestData) {\n      requestData = null;\n    }\n\n    // Send the request\n    request.send(requestData);\n  });\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/adapters/xhr.js\n// module id = 12\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar createError = require('./createError');\n\n/**\n * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.\n *\n * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.\n * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.\n * @param {object} response The response.\n */\nmodule.exports = function settle(resolve, reject, response) {\n  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;\n  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {\n    resolve(response);\n  } else {\n    reject(createError(\n      'Request failed with status code ' + response.status,\n      response.config,\n      null,\n      response.request,\n      response\n    ));\n  }\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/settle.js\n// module id = 13\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar enhanceError = require('./enhanceError');\n\n/**\n * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.\n *\n * @param {string} message The error message.\n * @param {Object} config The config.\n * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n * @returns {Error} The created error.\n */\nmodule.exports = function createError(message, config, code, request, response) {\n  var error = new Error(message);\n  return enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/createError.js\n// module id = 14\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Update an Error with the specified config, error code, and response.\n *\n * @param {Error} error The error to update.\n * @param {Object} config The config.\n * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n * @returns {Error} The error.\n */\nmodule.exports = function enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response) {\n  error.config = config;\n  if (code) {\n    error.code = code;\n  }\n\n  error.request = request;\n  error.response = response;\n  error.isAxiosError = true;\n\n  error.toJSON = function toJSON() {\n    return {\n      // Standard\n      message: this.message,\n      name: this.name,\n      // Microsoft\n      description: this.description,\n      number: this.number,\n      // Mozilla\n      fileName: this.fileName,\n      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,\n      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,\n      stack: this.stack,\n      // Axios\n      config: this.config,\n      code: this.code\n    };\n  };\n  return error;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/enhanceError.js\n// module id = 15\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nmodule.exports = (\n  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?\n\n  // Standard browser envs support document.cookie\n    (function standardBrowserEnv() {\n      return {\n        write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {\n          var cookie = [];\n          cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));\n\n          if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {\n            cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());\n          }\n\n          if (utils.isString(path)) {\n            cookie.push('path=' + path);\n          }\n\n          if (utils.isString(domain)) {\n            cookie.push('domain=' + domain);\n          }\n\n          if (secure === true) {\n            cookie.push('secure');\n          }\n\n          document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');\n        },\n\n        read: function read(name) {\n          var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));\n          return (match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null);\n        },\n\n        remove: function remove(name) {\n          this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);\n        }\n      };\n    })() :\n\n  // Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\n    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n      return {\n        write: function write() {},\n        read: function read() { return null; },\n        remove: function remove() {}\n      };\n    })()\n);\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/cookies.js\n// module id = 16\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar isAbsoluteURL = require('../helpers/isAbsoluteURL');\nvar combineURLs = require('../helpers/combineURLs');\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,\n * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.\n * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine\n * @returns {string} The combined full path\n */\nmodule.exports = function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {\n  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {\n    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);\n  }\n  return requestedURL;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/buildFullPath.js\n// module id = 17\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute\n *\n * @param {string} url The URL to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false\n */\nmodule.exports = function isAbsoluteURL(url) {\n  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with \"<scheme>://\" or \"//\" (protocol-relative URL).\n  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed\n  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.\n  return /^([a-z][a-z\\d\\+\\-\\.]*:)?\\/\\//i.test(url);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js\n// module id = 18\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL\n * @returns {string} The combined URL\n */\nmodule.exports = function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {\n  return relativeURL\n    ? baseURL.replace(/\\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\\/+/, '')\n    : baseURL;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/combineURLs.js\n// module id = 19\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\n// Headers whose duplicates are ignored by node\n// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers\nvar ignoreDuplicateOf = [\n  'age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag',\n  'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since',\n  'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization',\n  'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent'\n];\n\n/**\n * Parse headers into an object\n *\n * ```\n * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT\n * Content-Type: application/json\n * Connection: keep-alive\n * Transfer-Encoding: chunked\n * ```\n *\n * @param {String} headers Headers needing to be parsed\n * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object\n */\nmodule.exports = function parseHeaders(headers) {\n  var parsed = {};\n  var key;\n  var val;\n  var i;\n\n  if (!headers) { return parsed; }\n\n  utils.forEach(headers.split('\\n'), function parser(line) {\n    i = line.indexOf(':');\n    key = utils.trim(line.substr(0, i)).toLowerCase();\n    val = utils.trim(line.substr(i + 1));\n\n    if (key) {\n      if (parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf.indexOf(key) >= 0) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (key === 'set-cookie') {\n        parsed[key] = (parsed[key] ? parsed[key] : []).concat([val]);\n      } else {\n        parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n\n  return parsed;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/parseHeaders.js\n// module id = 20\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('./../utils');\n\nmodule.exports = (\n  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?\n\n  // Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test\n  // whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.\n    (function standardBrowserEnv() {\n      var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);\n      var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');\n      var originURL;\n\n      /**\n    * Parse a URL to discover it's components\n    *\n    * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed\n    * @returns {Object}\n    */\n      function resolveURL(url) {\n        var href = url;\n\n        if (msie) {\n        // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties\n          urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n          href = urlParsingNode.href;\n        }\n\n        urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n\n        // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils\n        return {\n          href: urlParsingNode.href,\n          protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',\n          host: urlParsingNode.host,\n          search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\\?/, '') : '',\n          hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',\n          hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,\n          port: urlParsingNode.port,\n          pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/') ?\n            urlParsingNode.pathname :\n            '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname\n        };\n      }\n\n      originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);\n\n      /**\n    * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location\n    *\n    * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test\n    * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false\n    */\n      return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {\n        var parsed = (utils.isString(requestURL)) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;\n        return (parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol &&\n            parsed.host === originURL.host);\n      };\n    })() :\n\n  // Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\n    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n      return function isURLSameOrigin() {\n        return true;\n      };\n    })()\n);\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js\n// module id = 21\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar utils = require('../utils');\n\n/**\n * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object\n * by merging two configuration objects together.\n *\n * @param {Object} config1\n * @param {Object} config2\n * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1\n */\nmodule.exports = function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  config2 = config2 || {};\n  var config = {};\n\n  var valueFromConfig2Keys = ['url', 'method', 'data'];\n  var mergeDeepPropertiesKeys = ['headers', 'auth', 'proxy', 'params'];\n  var defaultToConfig2Keys = [\n    'baseURL', 'transformRequest', 'transformResponse', 'paramsSerializer',\n    'timeout', 'timeoutMessage', 'withCredentials', 'adapter', 'responseType', 'xsrfCookieName',\n    'xsrfHeaderName', 'onUploadProgress', 'onDownloadProgress', 'decompress',\n    'maxContentLength', 'maxBodyLength', 'maxRedirects', 'transport', 'httpAgent',\n    'httpsAgent', 'cancelToken', 'socketPath', 'responseEncoding'\n  ];\n  var directMergeKeys = ['validateStatus'];\n\n  function getMergedValue(target, source) {\n    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge(target, source);\n    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge({}, source);\n    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {\n      return source.slice();\n    }\n    return source;\n  }\n\n  function mergeDeepProperties(prop) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  utils.forEach(valueFromConfig2Keys, function valueFromConfig2(prop) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);\n    }\n  });\n\n  utils.forEach(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys, mergeDeepProperties);\n\n  utils.forEach(defaultToConfig2Keys, function defaultToConfig2(prop) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n    }\n  });\n\n  utils.forEach(directMergeKeys, function merge(prop) {\n    if (prop in config2) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);\n    } else if (prop in config1) {\n      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);\n    }\n  });\n\n  var axiosKeys = valueFromConfig2Keys\n    .concat(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys)\n    .concat(defaultToConfig2Keys)\n    .concat(directMergeKeys);\n\n  var otherKeys = Object\n    .keys(config1)\n    .concat(Object.keys(config2))\n    .filter(function filterAxiosKeys(key) {\n      return axiosKeys.indexOf(key) === -1;\n    });\n\n  utils.forEach(otherKeys, mergeDeepProperties);\n\n  return config;\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/core/mergeConfig.js\n// module id = 22\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * A `Cancel` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.\n *\n * @class\n * @param {string=} message The message.\n */\nfunction Cancel(message) {\n  this.message = message;\n}\n\nCancel.prototype.toString = function toString() {\n  return 'Cancel' + (this.message ? ': ' + this.message : '');\n};\n\nCancel.prototype.__CANCEL__ = true;\n\nmodule.exports = Cancel;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/cancel/Cancel.js\n// module id = 23\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\nvar Cancel = require('./Cancel');\n\n/**\n * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.\n *\n * @class\n * @param {Function} executor The executor function.\n */\nfunction CancelToken(executor) {\n  if (typeof executor !== 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');\n  }\n\n  var resolvePromise;\n  this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {\n    resolvePromise = resolve;\n  });\n\n  var token = this;\n  executor(function cancel(message) {\n    if (token.reason) {\n      // Cancellation has already been requested\n      return;\n    }\n\n    token.reason = new Cancel(message);\n    resolvePromise(token.reason);\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.\n */\nCancelToken.prototype.throwIfRequested = function throwIfRequested() {\n  if (this.reason) {\n    throw this.reason;\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,\n * cancels the `CancelToken`.\n */\nCancelToken.source = function source() {\n  var cancel;\n  var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {\n    cancel = c;\n  });\n  return {\n    token: token,\n    cancel: cancel\n  };\n};\n\nmodule.exports = CancelToken;\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/cancel/CancelToken.js\n// module id = 24\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.\n *\n * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  function f(x, y, z) {}\n *  var args = [1, 2, 3];\n *  f.apply(null, args);\n *  ```\n *\n * With `spread` this example can be re-written.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);\n *  ```\n *\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @returns {Function}\n */\nmodule.exports = function spread(callback) {\n  return function wrap(arr) {\n    return callback.apply(null, arr);\n  };\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/spread.js\n// module id = 25\n// module chunks = 0","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios\n *\n * @param {*} payload The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false\n */\nmodule.exports = function isAxiosError(payload) {\n  return (typeof payload === 'object') && (payload.isAxiosError === true);\n};\n\n\n\n//////////////////\n// WEBPACK FOOTER\n// ./lib/helpers/isAxiosError.js\n// module id = 26\n// module chunks = 0"],"sourceRoot":""}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/axios/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c74e93ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+export interface AxiosTransformer {
+  (data: any, headers?: any): any;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosAdapter {
+  (config: AxiosRequestConfig): AxiosPromise<any>;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosBasicCredentials {
+  username: string;
+  password: string;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosProxyConfig {
+  host: string;
+  port: number;
+  auth?: {
+    username: string;
+    password:string;
+  };
+  protocol?: string;
+}
+
+export type Method =
+  | 'get' | 'GET'
+  | 'delete' | 'DELETE'
+  | 'head' | 'HEAD'
+  | 'options' | 'OPTIONS'
+  | 'post' | 'POST'
+  | 'put' | 'PUT'
+  | 'patch' | 'PATCH'
+  | 'purge' | 'PURGE'
+  | 'link' | 'LINK'
+  | 'unlink' | 'UNLINK'
+
+export type ResponseType =
+  | 'arraybuffer'
+  | 'blob'
+  | 'document'
+  | 'json'
+  | 'text'
+  | 'stream'
+
+export interface AxiosRequestConfig {
+  url?: string;
+  method?: Method;
+  baseURL?: string;
+  transformRequest?: AxiosTransformer | AxiosTransformer[];
+  transformResponse?: AxiosTransformer | AxiosTransformer[];
+  headers?: any;
+  params?: any;
+  paramsSerializer?: (params: any) => string;
+  data?: any;
+  timeout?: number;
+  timeoutErrorMessage?: string;
+  withCredentials?: boolean;
+  adapter?: AxiosAdapter;
+  auth?: AxiosBasicCredentials;
+  responseType?: ResponseType;
+  xsrfCookieName?: string;
+  xsrfHeaderName?: string;
+  onUploadProgress?: (progressEvent: any) => void;
+  onDownloadProgress?: (progressEvent: any) => void;
+  maxContentLength?: number;
+  validateStatus?: ((status: number) => boolean) | null;
+  maxBodyLength?: number;
+  maxRedirects?: number;
+  socketPath?: string | null;
+  httpAgent?: any;
+  httpsAgent?: any;
+  proxy?: AxiosProxyConfig | false;
+  cancelToken?: CancelToken;
+  decompress?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosResponse<T = any>  {
+  data: T;
+  status: number;
+  statusText: string;
+  headers: any;
+  config: AxiosRequestConfig;
+  request?: any;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosError<T = any> extends Error {
+  config: AxiosRequestConfig;
+  code?: string;
+  request?: any;
+  response?: AxiosResponse<T>;
+  isAxiosError: boolean;
+  toJSON: () => object;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosPromise<T = any> extends Promise<AxiosResponse<T>> {
+}
+
+export interface CancelStatic {
+  new (message?: string): Cancel;
+}
+
+export interface Cancel {
+  message: string;
+}
+
+export interface Canceler {
+  (message?: string): void;
+}
+
+export interface CancelTokenStatic {
+  new (executor: (cancel: Canceler) => void): CancelToken;
+  source(): CancelTokenSource;
+}
+
+export interface CancelToken {
+  promise: Promise<Cancel>;
+  reason?: Cancel;
+  throwIfRequested(): void;
+}
+
+export interface CancelTokenSource {
+  token: CancelToken;
+  cancel: Canceler;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosInterceptorManager<V> {
+  use(onFulfilled?: (value: V) => V | Promise<V>, onRejected?: (error: any) => any): number;
+  eject(id: number): void;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosInstance {
+  (config: AxiosRequestConfig): AxiosPromise;
+  (url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): AxiosPromise;
+  defaults: AxiosRequestConfig;
+  interceptors: {
+    request: AxiosInterceptorManager<AxiosRequestConfig>;
+    response: AxiosInterceptorManager<AxiosResponse>;
+  };
+  getUri(config?: AxiosRequestConfig): string;
+  request<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>> (config: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  get<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  delete<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  head<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  options<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  post<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, data?: any, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  put<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, data?: any, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+  patch<T = any, R = AxiosResponse<T>>(url: string, data?: any, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<R>;
+}
+
+export interface AxiosStatic extends AxiosInstance {
+  create(config?: AxiosRequestConfig): AxiosInstance;
+  Cancel: CancelStatic;
+  CancelToken: CancelTokenStatic;
+  isCancel(value: any): boolean;
+  all<T>(values: (T | Promise<T>)[]): Promise<T[]>;
+  spread<T, R>(callback: (...args: T[]) => R): (array: T[]) => R;
+  isAxiosError(payload: any): payload is AxiosError;
+}
+
+declare const axios: AxiosStatic;
+
+export default axios;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/index.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79dfd09dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./lib/axios');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/README.md b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68f111895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# axios // adapters
+
+The modules under `adapters/` are modules that handle dispatching a request and settling a returned `Promise` once a response is received.
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var settle = require('./../core/settle');
+
+module.exports = function myAdapter(config) {
+  // At this point:
+  //  - config has been merged with defaults
+  //  - request transformers have already run
+  //  - request interceptors have already run
+  
+  // Make the request using config provided
+  // Upon response settle the Promise
+
+  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+  
+    var response = {
+      data: responseData,
+      status: request.status,
+      statusText: request.statusText,
+      headers: responseHeaders,
+      config: config,
+      request: request
+    };
+
+    settle(resolve, reject, response);
+
+    // From here:
+    //  - response transformers will run
+    //  - response interceptors will run
+  });
+}
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/http.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/http.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f32241f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/http.js
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+var settle = require('./../core/settle');
+var buildFullPath = require('../core/buildFullPath');
+var buildURL = require('./../helpers/buildURL');
+var http = require('http');
+var https = require('https');
+var httpFollow = require('follow-redirects').http;
+var httpsFollow = require('follow-redirects').https;
+var url = require('url');
+var zlib = require('zlib');
+var pkg = require('./../../package.json');
+var createError = require('../core/createError');
+var enhanceError = require('../core/enhanceError');
+
+var isHttps = /https:?/;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {http.ClientRequestArgs} options
+ * @param {AxiosProxyConfig} proxy
+ * @param {string} location
+ */
+function setProxy(options, proxy, location) {
+  options.hostname = proxy.host;
+  options.host = proxy.host;
+  options.port = proxy.port;
+  options.path = location;
+
+  // Basic proxy authorization
+  if (proxy.auth) {
+    var base64 = Buffer.from(proxy.auth.username + ':' + proxy.auth.password, 'utf8').toString('base64');
+    options.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64;
+  }
+
+  // If a proxy is used, any redirects must also pass through the proxy
+  options.beforeRedirect = function beforeRedirect(redirection) {
+    redirection.headers.host = redirection.host;
+    setProxy(redirection, proxy, redirection.href);
+  };
+}
+
+/*eslint consistent-return:0*/
+module.exports = function httpAdapter(config) {
+  return new Promise(function dispatchHttpRequest(resolvePromise, rejectPromise) {
+    var resolve = function resolve(value) {
+      resolvePromise(value);
+    };
+    var reject = function reject(value) {
+      rejectPromise(value);
+    };
+    var data = config.data;
+    var headers = config.headers;
+
+    // Set User-Agent (required by some servers)
+    // Only set header if it hasn't been set in config
+    // See https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/69
+    if (!headers['User-Agent'] && !headers['user-agent']) {
+      headers['User-Agent'] = 'axios/' + pkg.version;
+    }
+
+    if (data && !utils.isStream(data)) {
+      if (Buffer.isBuffer(data)) {
+        // Nothing to do...
+      } else if (utils.isArrayBuffer(data)) {
+        data = Buffer.from(new Uint8Array(data));
+      } else if (utils.isString(data)) {
+        data = Buffer.from(data, 'utf-8');
+      } else {
+        return reject(createError(
+          'Data after transformation must be a string, an ArrayBuffer, a Buffer, or a Stream',
+          config
+        ));
+      }
+
+      // Add Content-Length header if data exists
+      headers['Content-Length'] = data.length;
+    }
+
+    // HTTP basic authentication
+    var auth = undefined;
+    if (config.auth) {
+      var username = config.auth.username || '';
+      var password = config.auth.password || '';
+      auth = username + ':' + password;
+    }
+
+    // Parse url
+    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);
+    var parsed = url.parse(fullPath);
+    var protocol = parsed.protocol || 'http:';
+
+    if (!auth && parsed.auth) {
+      var urlAuth = parsed.auth.split(':');
+      var urlUsername = urlAuth[0] || '';
+      var urlPassword = urlAuth[1] || '';
+      auth = urlUsername + ':' + urlPassword;
+    }
+
+    if (auth) {
+      delete headers.Authorization;
+    }
+
+    var isHttpsRequest = isHttps.test(protocol);
+    var agent = isHttpsRequest ? config.httpsAgent : config.httpAgent;
+
+    var options = {
+      path: buildURL(parsed.path, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\?/, ''),
+      method: config.method.toUpperCase(),
+      headers: headers,
+      agent: agent,
+      agents: { http: config.httpAgent, https: config.httpsAgent },
+      auth: auth
+    };
+
+    if (config.socketPath) {
+      options.socketPath = config.socketPath;
+    } else {
+      options.hostname = parsed.hostname;
+      options.port = parsed.port;
+    }
+
+    var proxy = config.proxy;
+    if (!proxy && proxy !== false) {
+      var proxyEnv = protocol.slice(0, -1) + '_proxy';
+      var proxyUrl = process.env[proxyEnv] || process.env[proxyEnv.toUpperCase()];
+      if (proxyUrl) {
+        var parsedProxyUrl = url.parse(proxyUrl);
+        var noProxyEnv = process.env.no_proxy || process.env.NO_PROXY;
+        var shouldProxy = true;
+
+        if (noProxyEnv) {
+          var noProxy = noProxyEnv.split(',').map(function trim(s) {
+            return s.trim();
+          });
+
+          shouldProxy = !noProxy.some(function proxyMatch(proxyElement) {
+            if (!proxyElement) {
+              return false;
+            }
+            if (proxyElement === '*') {
+              return true;
+            }
+            if (proxyElement[0] === '.' &&
+                parsed.hostname.substr(parsed.hostname.length - proxyElement.length) === proxyElement) {
+              return true;
+            }
+
+            return parsed.hostname === proxyElement;
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (shouldProxy) {
+          proxy = {
+            host: parsedProxyUrl.hostname,
+            port: parsedProxyUrl.port,
+            protocol: parsedProxyUrl.protocol
+          };
+
+          if (parsedProxyUrl.auth) {
+            var proxyUrlAuth = parsedProxyUrl.auth.split(':');
+            proxy.auth = {
+              username: proxyUrlAuth[0],
+              password: proxyUrlAuth[1]
+            };
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (proxy) {
+      options.headers.host = parsed.hostname + (parsed.port ? ':' + parsed.port : '');
+      setProxy(options, proxy, protocol + '//' + parsed.hostname + (parsed.port ? ':' + parsed.port : '') + options.path);
+    }
+
+    var transport;
+    var isHttpsProxy = isHttpsRequest && (proxy ? isHttps.test(proxy.protocol) : true);
+    if (config.transport) {
+      transport = config.transport;
+    } else if (config.maxRedirects === 0) {
+      transport = isHttpsProxy ? https : http;
+    } else {
+      if (config.maxRedirects) {
+        options.maxRedirects = config.maxRedirects;
+      }
+      transport = isHttpsProxy ? httpsFollow : httpFollow;
+    }
+
+    if (config.maxBodyLength > -1) {
+      options.maxBodyLength = config.maxBodyLength;
+    }
+
+    // Create the request
+    var req = transport.request(options, function handleResponse(res) {
+      if (req.aborted) return;
+
+      // uncompress the response body transparently if required
+      var stream = res;
+
+      // return the last request in case of redirects
+      var lastRequest = res.req || req;
+
+
+      // if no content, is HEAD request or decompress disabled we should not decompress
+      if (res.statusCode !== 204 && lastRequest.method !== 'HEAD' && config.decompress !== false) {
+        switch (res.headers['content-encoding']) {
+        /*eslint default-case:0*/
+        case 'gzip':
+        case 'compress':
+        case 'deflate':
+        // add the unzipper to the body stream processing pipeline
+          stream = stream.pipe(zlib.createUnzip());
+
+          // remove the content-encoding in order to not confuse downstream operations
+          delete res.headers['content-encoding'];
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      var response = {
+        status: res.statusCode,
+        statusText: res.statusMessage,
+        headers: res.headers,
+        config: config,
+        request: lastRequest
+      };
+
+      if (config.responseType === 'stream') {
+        response.data = stream;
+        settle(resolve, reject, response);
+      } else {
+        var responseBuffer = [];
+        stream.on('data', function handleStreamData(chunk) {
+          responseBuffer.push(chunk);
+
+          // make sure the content length is not over the maxContentLength if specified
+          if (config.maxContentLength > -1 && Buffer.concat(responseBuffer).length > config.maxContentLength) {
+            stream.destroy();
+            reject(createError('maxContentLength size of ' + config.maxContentLength + ' exceeded',
+              config, null, lastRequest));
+          }
+        });
+
+        stream.on('error', function handleStreamError(err) {
+          if (req.aborted) return;
+          reject(enhanceError(err, config, null, lastRequest));
+        });
+
+        stream.on('end', function handleStreamEnd() {
+          var responseData = Buffer.concat(responseBuffer);
+          if (config.responseType !== 'arraybuffer') {
+            responseData = responseData.toString(config.responseEncoding);
+            if (!config.responseEncoding || config.responseEncoding === 'utf8') {
+              responseData = utils.stripBOM(responseData);
+            }
+          }
+
+          response.data = responseData;
+          settle(resolve, reject, response);
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Handle errors
+    req.on('error', function handleRequestError(err) {
+      if (req.aborted && err.code !== 'ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS') return;
+      reject(enhanceError(err, config, null, req));
+    });
+
+    // Handle request timeout
+    if (config.timeout) {
+      // Sometime, the response will be very slow, and does not respond, the connect event will be block by event loop system.
+      // And timer callback will be fired, and abort() will be invoked before connection, then get "socket hang up" and code ECONNRESET.
+      // At this time, if we have a large number of request, nodejs will hang up some socket on background. and the number will up and up.
+      // And then these socket which be hang up will devoring CPU little by little.
+      // ClientRequest.setTimeout will be fired on the specify milliseconds, and can make sure that abort() will be fired after connect.
+      req.setTimeout(config.timeout, function handleRequestTimeout() {
+        req.abort();
+        reject(createError('timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded', config, 'ECONNABORTED', req));
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (config.cancelToken) {
+      // Handle cancellation
+      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {
+        if (req.aborted) return;
+
+        req.abort();
+        reject(cancel);
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Send the request
+    if (utils.isStream(data)) {
+      data.on('error', function handleStreamError(err) {
+        reject(enhanceError(err, config, null, req));
+      }).pipe(req);
+    } else {
+      req.end(data);
+    }
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/xhr.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/xhr.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3027752e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/xhr.js
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+var settle = require('./../core/settle');
+var cookies = require('./../helpers/cookies');
+var buildURL = require('./../helpers/buildURL');
+var buildFullPath = require('../core/buildFullPath');
+var parseHeaders = require('./../helpers/parseHeaders');
+var isURLSameOrigin = require('./../helpers/isURLSameOrigin');
+var createError = require('../core/createError');
+
+module.exports = function xhrAdapter(config) {
+  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {
+    var requestData = config.data;
+    var requestHeaders = config.headers;
+
+    if (utils.isFormData(requestData)) {
+      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it
+    }
+
+    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
+
+    // HTTP basic authentication
+    if (config.auth) {
+      var username = config.auth.username || '';
+      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';
+      requestHeaders.Authorization = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);
+    }
+
+    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);
+    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);
+
+    // Set the request timeout in MS
+    request.timeout = config.timeout;
+
+    // Listen for ready state
+    request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {
+      if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be
+      // handled by onerror instead
+      // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers
+      // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request
+      if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Prepare the response
+      var responseHeaders = 'getAllResponseHeaders' in request ? parseHeaders(request.getAllResponseHeaders()) : null;
+      var responseData = !config.responseType || config.responseType === 'text' ? request.responseText : request.response;
+      var response = {
+        data: responseData,
+        status: request.status,
+        statusText: request.statusText,
+        headers: responseHeaders,
+        config: config,
+        request: request
+      };
+
+      settle(resolve, reject, response);
+
+      // Clean up request
+      request = null;
+    };
+
+    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)
+    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {
+      if (!request) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      reject(createError('Request aborted', config, 'ECONNABORTED', request));
+
+      // Clean up request
+      request = null;
+    };
+
+    // Handle low level network errors
+    request.onerror = function handleError() {
+      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser
+      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error
+      reject(createError('Network Error', config, null, request));
+
+      // Clean up request
+      request = null;
+    };
+
+    // Handle timeout
+    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {
+      var timeoutErrorMessage = 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded';
+      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {
+        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;
+      }
+      reject(createError(timeoutErrorMessage, config, 'ECONNABORTED',
+        request));
+
+      // Clean up request
+      request = null;
+    };
+
+    // Add xsrf header
+    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.
+    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.
+    if (utils.isStandardBrowserEnv()) {
+      // Add xsrf header
+      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName ?
+        cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName) :
+        undefined;
+
+      if (xsrfValue) {
+        requestHeaders[config.xsrfHeaderName] = xsrfValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Add headers to the request
+    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {
+      utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {
+        if (typeof requestData === 'undefined' && key.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {
+          // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined
+          delete requestHeaders[key];
+        } else {
+          // Otherwise add header to the request
+          request.setRequestHeader(key, val);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Add withCredentials to request if needed
+    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {
+      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;
+    }
+
+    // Add responseType to request if needed
+    if (config.responseType) {
+      try {
+        request.responseType = config.responseType;
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Expected DOMException thrown by browsers not compatible XMLHttpRequest Level 2.
+        // But, this can be suppressed for 'json' type as it can be parsed by default 'transformResponse' function.
+        if (config.responseType !== 'json') {
+          throw e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Handle progress if needed
+    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {
+      request.addEventListener('progress', config.onDownloadProgress);
+    }
+
+    // Not all browsers support upload events
+    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {
+      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', config.onUploadProgress);
+    }
+
+    if (config.cancelToken) {
+      // Handle cancellation
+      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {
+        if (!request) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        request.abort();
+        reject(cancel);
+        // Clean up request
+        request = null;
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (!requestData) {
+      requestData = null;
+    }
+
+    // Send the request
+    request.send(requestData);
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/axios.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/axios.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6357b005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/axios.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+var bind = require('./helpers/bind');
+var Axios = require('./core/Axios');
+var mergeConfig = require('./core/mergeConfig');
+var defaults = require('./defaults');
+
+/**
+ * Create an instance of Axios
+ *
+ * @param {Object} defaultConfig The default config for the instance
+ * @return {Axios} A new instance of Axios
+ */
+function createInstance(defaultConfig) {
+  var context = new Axios(defaultConfig);
+  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);
+
+  // Copy axios.prototype to instance
+  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context);
+
+  // Copy context to instance
+  utils.extend(instance, context);
+
+  return instance;
+}
+
+// Create the default instance to be exported
+var axios = createInstance(defaults);
+
+// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance
+axios.Axios = Axios;
+
+// Factory for creating new instances
+axios.create = function create(instanceConfig) {
+  return createInstance(mergeConfig(axios.defaults, instanceConfig));
+};
+
+// Expose Cancel & CancelToken
+axios.Cancel = require('./cancel/Cancel');
+axios.CancelToken = require('./cancel/CancelToken');
+axios.isCancel = require('./cancel/isCancel');
+
+// Expose all/spread
+axios.all = function all(promises) {
+  return Promise.all(promises);
+};
+axios.spread = require('./helpers/spread');
+
+// Expose isAxiosError
+axios.isAxiosError = require('./helpers/isAxiosError');
+
+module.exports = axios;
+
+// Allow use of default import syntax in TypeScript
+module.exports.default = axios;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/Cancel.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/Cancel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0de4003f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/Cancel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * A `Cancel` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {string=} message The message.
+ */
+function Cancel(message) {
+  this.message = message;
+}
+
+Cancel.prototype.toString = function toString() {
+  return 'Cancel' + (this.message ? ': ' + this.message : '');
+};
+
+Cancel.prototype.__CANCEL__ = true;
+
+module.exports = Cancel;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/CancelToken.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/CancelToken.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b46e6662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/CancelToken.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Cancel = require('./Cancel');
+
+/**
+ * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {Function} executor The executor function.
+ */
+function CancelToken(executor) {
+  if (typeof executor !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');
+  }
+
+  var resolvePromise;
+  this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {
+    resolvePromise = resolve;
+  });
+
+  var token = this;
+  executor(function cancel(message) {
+    if (token.reason) {
+      // Cancellation has already been requested
+      return;
+    }
+
+    token.reason = new Cancel(message);
+    resolvePromise(token.reason);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.
+ */
+CancelToken.prototype.throwIfRequested = function throwIfRequested() {
+  if (this.reason) {
+    throw this.reason;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,
+ * cancels the `CancelToken`.
+ */
+CancelToken.source = function source() {
+  var cancel;
+  var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
+    cancel = c;
+  });
+  return {
+    token: token,
+    cancel: cancel
+  };
+};
+
+module.exports = CancelToken;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/isCancel.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/isCancel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..051f3ae4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/cancel/isCancel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function isCancel(value) {
+  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/Axios.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/Axios.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c28c413ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/Axios.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+var buildURL = require('../helpers/buildURL');
+var InterceptorManager = require('./InterceptorManager');
+var dispatchRequest = require('./dispatchRequest');
+var mergeConfig = require('./mergeConfig');
+
+/**
+ * Create a new instance of Axios
+ *
+ * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance
+ */
+function Axios(instanceConfig) {
+  this.defaults = instanceConfig;
+  this.interceptors = {
+    request: new InterceptorManager(),
+    response: new InterceptorManager()
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dispatch a request
+ *
+ * @param {Object} config The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)
+ */
+Axios.prototype.request = function request(config) {
+  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+  // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API
+  if (typeof config === 'string') {
+    config = arguments[1] || {};
+    config.url = arguments[0];
+  } else {
+    config = config || {};
+  }
+
+  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);
+
+  // Set config.method
+  if (config.method) {
+    config.method = config.method.toLowerCase();
+  } else if (this.defaults.method) {
+    config.method = this.defaults.method.toLowerCase();
+  } else {
+    config.method = 'get';
+  }
+
+  // Hook up interceptors middleware
+  var chain = [dispatchRequest, undefined];
+  var promise = Promise.resolve(config);
+
+  this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {
+    chain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);
+  });
+
+  this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {
+    chain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);
+  });
+
+  while (chain.length) {
+    promise = promise.then(chain.shift(), chain.shift());
+  }
+
+  return promise;
+};
+
+Axios.prototype.getUri = function getUri(config) {
+  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);
+  return buildURL(config.url, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\?/, '');
+};
+
+// Provide aliases for supported request methods
+utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {
+  /*eslint func-names:0*/
+  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, config) {
+    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
+      method: method,
+      url: url,
+      data: (config || {}).data
+    }));
+  };
+});
+
+utils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {
+  /*eslint func-names:0*/
+  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, data, config) {
+    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
+      method: method,
+      url: url,
+      data: data
+    }));
+  };
+});
+
+module.exports = Axios;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/InterceptorManager.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/InterceptorManager.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50d667bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/InterceptorManager.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+
+function InterceptorManager() {
+  this.handlers = [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add a new interceptor to the stack
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`
+ * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`
+ *
+ * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later
+ */
+InterceptorManager.prototype.use = function use(fulfilled, rejected) {
+  this.handlers.push({
+    fulfilled: fulfilled,
+    rejected: rejected
+  });
+  return this.handlers.length - 1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove an interceptor from the stack
+ *
+ * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`
+ */
+InterceptorManager.prototype.eject = function eject(id) {
+  if (this.handlers[id]) {
+    this.handlers[id] = null;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Iterate over all the registered interceptors
+ *
+ * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any
+ * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor
+ */
+InterceptorManager.prototype.forEach = function forEach(fn) {
+  utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {
+    if (h !== null) {
+      fn(h);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports = InterceptorManager;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/README.md b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..253bc4861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# axios // core
+
+The modules found in `core/` should be modules that are specific to the domain logic of axios. These modules would most likely not make sense to be consumed outside of the axios module, as their logic is too specific. Some examples of core modules are:
+
+- Dispatching requests
+- Managing interceptors
+- Handling config
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/buildFullPath.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/buildFullPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00b2b050a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/buildFullPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var isAbsoluteURL = require('../helpers/isAbsoluteURL');
+var combineURLs = require('../helpers/combineURLs');
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,
+ * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.
+ * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.
+ *
+ * @param {string} baseURL The base URL
+ * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine
+ * @returns {string} The combined full path
+ */
+module.exports = function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {
+  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {
+    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);
+  }
+  return requestedURL;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/createError.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/createError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..933680f69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/createError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var enhanceError = require('./enhanceError');
+
+/**
+ * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.
+ *
+ * @param {string} message The error message.
+ * @param {Object} config The config.
+ * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').
+ * @param {Object} [request] The request.
+ * @param {Object} [response] The response.
+ * @returns {Error} The created error.
+ */
+module.exports = function createError(message, config, code, request, response) {
+  var error = new Error(message);
+  return enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/dispatchRequest.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/dispatchRequest.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8267adb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/dispatchRequest.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+var transformData = require('./transformData');
+var isCancel = require('../cancel/isCancel');
+var defaults = require('../defaults');
+
+/**
+ * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.
+ */
+function throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {
+  if (config.cancelToken) {
+    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.
+ *
+ * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request
+ * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled
+ */
+module.exports = function dispatchRequest(config) {
+  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);
+
+  // Ensure headers exist
+  config.headers = config.headers || {};
+
+  // Transform request data
+  config.data = transformData(
+    config.data,
+    config.headers,
+    config.transformRequest
+  );
+
+  // Flatten headers
+  config.headers = utils.merge(
+    config.headers.common || {},
+    config.headers[config.method] || {},
+    config.headers
+  );
+
+  utils.forEach(
+    ['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'],
+    function cleanHeaderConfig(method) {
+      delete config.headers[method];
+    }
+  );
+
+  var adapter = config.adapter || defaults.adapter;
+
+  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {
+    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);
+
+    // Transform response data
+    response.data = transformData(
+      response.data,
+      response.headers,
+      config.transformResponse
+    );
+
+    return response;
+  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {
+    if (!isCancel(reason)) {
+      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);
+
+      // Transform response data
+      if (reason && reason.response) {
+        reason.response.data = transformData(
+          reason.response.data,
+          reason.response.headers,
+          config.transformResponse
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    return Promise.reject(reason);
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/enhanceError.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/enhanceError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6bc4444e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/enhanceError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Update an Error with the specified config, error code, and response.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} error The error to update.
+ * @param {Object} config The config.
+ * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').
+ * @param {Object} [request] The request.
+ * @param {Object} [response] The response.
+ * @returns {Error} The error.
+ */
+module.exports = function enhanceError(error, config, code, request, response) {
+  error.config = config;
+  if (code) {
+    error.code = code;
+  }
+
+  error.request = request;
+  error.response = response;
+  error.isAxiosError = true;
+
+  error.toJSON = function toJSON() {
+    return {
+      // Standard
+      message: this.message,
+      name: this.name,
+      // Microsoft
+      description: this.description,
+      number: this.number,
+      // Mozilla
+      fileName: this.fileName,
+      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,
+      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,
+      stack: this.stack,
+      // Axios
+      config: this.config,
+      code: this.code
+    };
+  };
+  return error;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/mergeConfig.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/mergeConfig.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a2c10cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/mergeConfig.js
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object
+ * by merging two configuration objects together.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} config1
+ * @param {Object} config2
+ * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1
+ */
+module.exports = function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+  config2 = config2 || {};
+  var config = {};
+
+  var valueFromConfig2Keys = ['url', 'method', 'data'];
+  var mergeDeepPropertiesKeys = ['headers', 'auth', 'proxy', 'params'];
+  var defaultToConfig2Keys = [
+    'baseURL', 'transformRequest', 'transformResponse', 'paramsSerializer',
+    'timeout', 'timeoutMessage', 'withCredentials', 'adapter', 'responseType', 'xsrfCookieName',
+    'xsrfHeaderName', 'onUploadProgress', 'onDownloadProgress', 'decompress',
+    'maxContentLength', 'maxBodyLength', 'maxRedirects', 'transport', 'httpAgent',
+    'httpsAgent', 'cancelToken', 'socketPath', 'responseEncoding'
+  ];
+  var directMergeKeys = ['validateStatus'];
+
+  function getMergedValue(target, source) {
+    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {
+      return utils.merge(target, source);
+    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {
+      return utils.merge({}, source);
+    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {
+      return source.slice();
+    }
+    return source;
+  }
+
+  function mergeDeepProperties(prop) {
+    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);
+    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  utils.forEach(valueFromConfig2Keys, function valueFromConfig2(prop) {
+    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  utils.forEach(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys, mergeDeepProperties);
+
+  utils.forEach(defaultToConfig2Keys, function defaultToConfig2(prop) {
+    if (!utils.isUndefined(config2[prop])) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config2[prop]);
+    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(config1[prop])) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  utils.forEach(directMergeKeys, function merge(prop) {
+    if (prop in config2) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(config1[prop], config2[prop]);
+    } else if (prop in config1) {
+      config[prop] = getMergedValue(undefined, config1[prop]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  var axiosKeys = valueFromConfig2Keys
+    .concat(mergeDeepPropertiesKeys)
+    .concat(defaultToConfig2Keys)
+    .concat(directMergeKeys);
+
+  var otherKeys = Object
+    .keys(config1)
+    .concat(Object.keys(config2))
+    .filter(function filterAxiosKeys(key) {
+      return axiosKeys.indexOf(key) === -1;
+    });
+
+  utils.forEach(otherKeys, mergeDeepProperties);
+
+  return config;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/settle.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/settle.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..886adb0c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/settle.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var createError = require('./createError');
+
+/**
+ * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.
+ * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.
+ * @param {object} response The response.
+ */
+module.exports = function settle(resolve, reject, response) {
+  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;
+  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {
+    resolve(response);
+  } else {
+    reject(createError(
+      'Request failed with status code ' + response.status,
+      response.config,
+      null,
+      response.request,
+      response
+    ));
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/transformData.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/transformData.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0653620e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/core/transformData.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Transform the data for a request or a response
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String} data The data to be transformed
+ * @param {Array} headers The headers for the request or response
+ * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions
+ * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data
+ */
+module.exports = function transformData(data, headers, fns) {
+  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {
+    data = fn(data, headers);
+  });
+
+  return data;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/defaults.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/defaults.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b2a1a7d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/defaults.js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+var normalizeHeaderName = require('./helpers/normalizeHeaderName');
+
+var DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {
+  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+};
+
+function setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, value) {
+  if (!utils.isUndefined(headers) && utils.isUndefined(headers['Content-Type'])) {
+    headers['Content-Type'] = value;
+  }
+}
+
+function getDefaultAdapter() {
+  var adapter;
+  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
+    // For browsers use XHR adapter
+    adapter = require('./adapters/xhr');
+  } else if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && Object.prototype.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {
+    // For node use HTTP adapter
+    adapter = require('./adapters/http');
+  }
+  return adapter;
+}
+
+var defaults = {
+  adapter: getDefaultAdapter(),
+
+  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {
+    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Accept');
+    normalizeHeaderName(headers, 'Content-Type');
+    if (utils.isFormData(data) ||
+      utils.isArrayBuffer(data) ||
+      utils.isBuffer(data) ||
+      utils.isStream(data) ||
+      utils.isFile(data) ||
+      utils.isBlob(data)
+    ) {
+      return data;
+    }
+    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {
+      return data.buffer;
+    }
+    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {
+      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8');
+      return data.toString();
+    }
+    if (utils.isObject(data)) {
+      setContentTypeIfUnset(headers, 'application/json;charset=utf-8');
+      return JSON.stringify(data);
+    }
+    return data;
+  }],
+
+  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {
+    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+    if (typeof data === 'string') {
+      try {
+        data = JSON.parse(data);
+      } catch (e) { /* Ignore */ }
+    }
+    return data;
+  }],
+
+  /**
+   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a
+   * timeout is not created.
+   */
+  timeout: 0,
+
+  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
+  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',
+
+  maxContentLength: -1,
+  maxBodyLength: -1,
+
+  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {
+    return status >= 200 && status < 300;
+  }
+};
+
+defaults.headers = {
+  common: {
+    'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
+  }
+};
+
+utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {
+  defaults.headers[method] = {};
+});
+
+utils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {
+  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);
+});
+
+module.exports = defaults;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/README.md b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ae34193a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# axios // helpers
+
+The modules found in `helpers/` should be generic modules that are _not_ specific to the domain logic of axios. These modules could theoretically be published to npm on their own and consumed by other modules or apps. Some examples of generic modules are things like:
+
+- Browser polyfills
+- Managing cookies
+- Parsing HTTP headers
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/bind.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/bind.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6147c608e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/bind.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function bind(fn, thisArg) {
+  return function wrap() {
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i];
+    }
+    return fn.apply(thisArg, args);
+  };
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/buildURL.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/buildURL.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31595c33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/buildURL.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+
+function encode(val) {
+  return encodeURIComponent(val).
+    replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+    replace(/%24/g, '$').
+    replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+    replace(/%20/g, '+').
+    replace(/%5B/gi, '[').
+    replace(/%5D/gi, ']');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a URL by appending params to the end
+ *
+ * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)
+ * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended
+ * @returns {string} The formatted url
+ */
+module.exports = function buildURL(url, params, paramsSerializer) {
+  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+  if (!params) {
+    return url;
+  }
+
+  var serializedParams;
+  if (paramsSerializer) {
+    serializedParams = paramsSerializer(params);
+  } else if (utils.isURLSearchParams(params)) {
+    serializedParams = params.toString();
+  } else {
+    var parts = [];
+
+    utils.forEach(params, function serialize(val, key) {
+      if (val === null || typeof val === 'undefined') {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (utils.isArray(val)) {
+        key = key + '[]';
+      } else {
+        val = [val];
+      }
+
+      utils.forEach(val, function parseValue(v) {
+        if (utils.isDate(v)) {
+          v = v.toISOString();
+        } else if (utils.isObject(v)) {
+          v = JSON.stringify(v);
+        }
+        parts.push(encode(key) + '=' + encode(v));
+      });
+    });
+
+    serializedParams = parts.join('&');
+  }
+
+  if (serializedParams) {
+    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf('#');
+    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {
+      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);
+    }
+
+    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;
+  }
+
+  return url;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/combineURLs.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/combineURLs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1b58a586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/combineURLs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs
+ *
+ * @param {string} baseURL The base URL
+ * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL
+ * @returns {string} The combined URL
+ */
+module.exports = function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {
+  return relativeURL
+    ? baseURL.replace(/\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\/+/, '')
+    : baseURL;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/cookies.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/cookies.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a8a66661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/cookies.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+
+module.exports = (
+  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?
+
+  // Standard browser envs support document.cookie
+    (function standardBrowserEnv() {
+      return {
+        write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {
+          var cookie = [];
+          cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));
+
+          if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {
+            cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());
+          }
+
+          if (utils.isString(path)) {
+            cookie.push('path=' + path);
+          }
+
+          if (utils.isString(domain)) {
+            cookie.push('domain=' + domain);
+          }
+
+          if (secure === true) {
+            cookie.push('secure');
+          }
+
+          document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');
+        },
+
+        read: function read(name) {
+          var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));
+          return (match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null);
+        },
+
+        remove: function remove(name) {
+          this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);
+        }
+      };
+    })() :
+
+  // Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.
+    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {
+      return {
+        write: function write() {},
+        read: function read() { return null; },
+        remove: function remove() {}
+      };
+    })()
+);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/deprecatedMethod.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/deprecatedMethod.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed40965ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/deprecatedMethod.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*eslint no-console:0*/
+
+/**
+ * Supply a warning to the developer that a method they are using
+ * has been deprecated.
+ *
+ * @param {string} method The name of the deprecated method
+ * @param {string} [instead] The alternate method to use if applicable
+ * @param {string} [docs] The documentation URL to get further details
+ */
+module.exports = function deprecatedMethod(method, instead, docs) {
+  try {
+    console.warn(
+      'DEPRECATED method `' + method + '`.' +
+      (instead ? ' Use `' + instead + '` instead.' : '') +
+      ' This method will be removed in a future release.');
+
+    if (docs) {
+      console.warn('For more information about usage see ' + docs);
+    }
+  } catch (e) { /* Ignore */ }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d33e99275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute
+ *
+ * @param {string} url The URL to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false
+ */
+module.exports = function isAbsoluteURL(url) {
+  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with "<scheme>://" or "//" (protocol-relative URL).
+  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed
+  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.
+  return /^([a-z][a-z\d\+\-\.]*:)?\/\//i.test(url);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isAxiosError.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isAxiosError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29ff41af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isAxiosError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios
+ *
+ * @param {*} payload The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false
+ */
+module.exports = function isAxiosError(payload) {
+  return (typeof payload === 'object') && (payload.isAxiosError === true);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1d89ad19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+
+module.exports = (
+  utils.isStandardBrowserEnv() ?
+
+  // Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test
+  // whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.
+    (function standardBrowserEnv() {
+      var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
+      var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');
+      var originURL;
+
+      /**
+    * Parse a URL to discover it's components
+    *
+    * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed
+    * @returns {Object}
+    */
+      function resolveURL(url) {
+        var href = url;
+
+        if (msie) {
+        // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties
+          urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+          href = urlParsingNode.href;
+        }
+
+        urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+
+        // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+        return {
+          href: urlParsingNode.href,
+          protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+          host: urlParsingNode.host,
+          search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+          hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+          hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
+          port: urlParsingNode.port,
+          pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/') ?
+            urlParsingNode.pathname :
+            '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+        };
+      }
+
+      originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);
+
+      /**
+    * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location
+    *
+    * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test
+    * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false
+    */
+      return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {
+        var parsed = (utils.isString(requestURL)) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;
+        return (parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol &&
+            parsed.host === originURL.host);
+      };
+    })() :
+
+  // Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.
+    (function nonStandardBrowserEnv() {
+      return function isURLSameOrigin() {
+        return true;
+      };
+    })()
+);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/normalizeHeaderName.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/normalizeHeaderName.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..738c9fe40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/normalizeHeaderName.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('../utils');
+
+module.exports = function normalizeHeaderName(headers, normalizedName) {
+  utils.forEach(headers, function processHeader(value, name) {
+    if (name !== normalizedName && name.toUpperCase() === normalizedName.toUpperCase()) {
+      headers[normalizedName] = value;
+      delete headers[name];
+    }
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/parseHeaders.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/parseHeaders.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8af2cc7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/parseHeaders.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./../utils');
+
+// Headers whose duplicates are ignored by node
+// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers
+var ignoreDuplicateOf = [
+  'age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag',
+  'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since',
+  'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization',
+  'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Parse headers into an object
+ *
+ * ```
+ * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT
+ * Content-Type: application/json
+ * Connection: keep-alive
+ * Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {String} headers Headers needing to be parsed
+ * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object
+ */
+module.exports = function parseHeaders(headers) {
+  var parsed = {};
+  var key;
+  var val;
+  var i;
+
+  if (!headers) { return parsed; }
+
+  utils.forEach(headers.split('\n'), function parser(line) {
+    i = line.indexOf(':');
+    key = utils.trim(line.substr(0, i)).toLowerCase();
+    val = utils.trim(line.substr(i + 1));
+
+    if (key) {
+      if (parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf.indexOf(key) >= 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (key === 'set-cookie') {
+        parsed[key] = (parsed[key] ? parsed[key] : []).concat([val]);
+      } else {
+        parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return parsed;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/spread.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/spread.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25e3cdd39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/helpers/spread.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.
+ *
+ * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *  function f(x, y, z) {}
+ *  var args = [1, 2, 3];
+ *  f.apply(null, args);
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * With `spread` this example can be re-written.
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @returns {Function}
+ */
+module.exports = function spread(callback) {
+  return function wrap(arr) {
+    return callback.apply(null, arr);
+  };
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83eb1c628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var bind = require('./helpers/bind');
+
+/*global toString:true*/
+
+// utils is a library of generic helper functions non-specific to axios
+
+var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is an Array
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Array, otherwise false
+ */
+function isArray(val) {
+  return toString.call(val) === '[object Array]';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is undefined
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if the value is undefined, otherwise false
+ */
+function isUndefined(val) {
+  return typeof val === 'undefined';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a Buffer
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false
+ */
+function isBuffer(val) {
+  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor)
+    && typeof val.constructor.isBuffer === 'function' && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false
+ */
+function isArrayBuffer(val) {
+  return toString.call(val) === '[object ArrayBuffer]';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a FormData
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false
+ */
+function isFormData(val) {
+  return (typeof FormData !== 'undefined') && (val instanceof FormData);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false
+ */
+function isArrayBufferView(val) {
+  var result;
+  if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined') && (ArrayBuffer.isView)) {
+    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);
+  } else {
+    result = (val) && (val.buffer) && (val.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a String
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false
+ */
+function isString(val) {
+  return typeof val === 'string';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a Number
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false
+ */
+function isNumber(val) {
+  return typeof val === 'number';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is an Object
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false
+ */
+function isObject(val) {
+  return val !== null && typeof val === 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a plain Object
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @return {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false
+ */
+function isPlainObject(val) {
+  if (toString.call(val) !== '[object Object]') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(val);
+  return prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a Date
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false
+ */
+function isDate(val) {
+  return toString.call(val) === '[object Date]';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a File
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false
+ */
+function isFile(val) {
+  return toString.call(val) === '[object File]';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a Blob
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false
+ */
+function isBlob(val) {
+  return toString.call(val) === '[object Blob]';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a Function
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false
+ */
+function isFunction(val) {
+  return toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a Stream
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false
+ */
+function isStream(val) {
+  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val The value to test
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false
+ */
+function isURLSearchParams(val) {
+  return typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' && val instanceof URLSearchParams;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string
+ *
+ * @param {String} str The String to trim
+ * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace
+ */
+function trim(str) {
+  return str.replace(/^\s*/, '').replace(/\s*$/, '');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment
+ *
+ * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.
+ * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.
+ *
+ * web workers:
+ *  typeof window -> undefined
+ *  typeof document -> undefined
+ *
+ * react-native:
+ *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'
+ * nativescript
+ *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'
+ */
+function isStandardBrowserEnv() {
+  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && (navigator.product === 'ReactNative' ||
+                                           navigator.product === 'NativeScript' ||
+                                           navigator.product === 'NS')) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return (
+    typeof window !== 'undefined' &&
+    typeof document !== 'undefined'
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.
+ *
+ * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing
+ * the value, index, and complete array for each item.
+ *
+ * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing
+ * the value, key, and complete object for each property.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate
+ * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item
+ */
+function forEach(obj, fn) {
+  // Don't bother if no value provided
+  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Force an array if not already something iterable
+  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {
+    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
+    obj = [obj];
+  }
+
+  if (isArray(obj)) {
+    // Iterate over array values
+    for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {
+      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Iterate over object keys
+    for (var key in obj) {
+      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+        fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then
+ * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.
+ *
+ * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in
+ * the arguments list will take precedence.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});
+ * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge
+ * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties
+ */
+function merge(/* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */) {
+  var result = {};
+  function assignValue(val, key) {
+    if (isPlainObject(result[key]) && isPlainObject(val)) {
+      result[key] = merge(result[key], val);
+    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {
+      result[key] = merge({}, val);
+    } else if (isArray(val)) {
+      result[key] = val.slice();
+    } else {
+      result[key] = val;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+    forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} a The object to be extended
+ * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from
+ * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to
+ * @return {Object} The resulting value of object a
+ */
+function extend(a, b, thisArg) {
+  forEach(b, function assignValue(val, key) {
+    if (thisArg && typeof val === 'function') {
+      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);
+    } else {
+      a[key] = val;
+    }
+  });
+  return a;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)
+ *
+ * @param {string} content with BOM
+ * @return {string} content value without BOM
+ */
+function stripBOM(content) {
+  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {
+    content = content.slice(1);
+  }
+  return content;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  isArray: isArray,
+  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,
+  isBuffer: isBuffer,
+  isFormData: isFormData,
+  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,
+  isString: isString,
+  isNumber: isNumber,
+  isObject: isObject,
+  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,
+  isUndefined: isUndefined,
+  isDate: isDate,
+  isFile: isFile,
+  isBlob: isBlob,
+  isFunction: isFunction,
+  isStream: isStream,
+  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,
+  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,
+  forEach: forEach,
+  merge: merge,
+  extend: extend,
+  trim: trim,
+  stripBOM: stripBOM
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/axios/package.json b/backend/node_modules/axios/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76355e418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/axios/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+{
+  "_from": "axios",
+  "_id": "axios@0.21.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-dKQiRHxGD9PPRIUNIWvZhPTPpl1rf/OxTYKsqKUDjBwYylTvV7SjSHJb9ratfyzM6wCdLCOYLzs73qpg5c4iGA==",
+  "_location": "/axios",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "tag",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "axios",
+    "name": "axios",
+    "escapedName": "axios",
+    "rawSpec": "",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "latest"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/axios/-/axios-0.21.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "22563481962f4d6bde9a76d516ef0e5d3c09b2b8",
+  "_spec": "axios",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Matt Zabriskie"
+  },
+  "browser": {
+    "./lib/adapters/http.js": "./lib/adapters/xhr.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "bundlesize": [
+    {
+      "path": "./dist/axios.min.js",
+      "threshold": "5kB"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "follow-redirects": "^1.10.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "bundlesize": "^0.17.0",
+    "coveralls": "^3.0.0",
+    "es6-promise": "^4.2.4",
+    "grunt": "^1.0.2",
+    "grunt-banner": "^0.6.0",
+    "grunt-cli": "^1.2.0",
+    "grunt-contrib-clean": "^1.1.0",
+    "grunt-contrib-watch": "^1.0.0",
+    "grunt-eslint": "^20.1.0",
+    "grunt-karma": "^2.0.0",
+    "grunt-mocha-test": "^0.13.3",
+    "grunt-ts": "^6.0.0-beta.19",
+    "grunt-webpack": "^1.0.18",
+    "istanbul-instrumenter-loader": "^1.0.0",
+    "jasmine-core": "^2.4.1",
+    "karma": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-chrome-launcher": "^2.2.0",
+    "karma-coverage": "^1.1.1",
+    "karma-firefox-launcher": "^1.1.0",
+    "karma-jasmine": "^1.1.1",
+    "karma-jasmine-ajax": "^0.1.13",
+    "karma-opera-launcher": "^1.0.0",
+    "karma-safari-launcher": "^1.0.0",
+    "karma-sauce-launcher": "^1.2.0",
+    "karma-sinon": "^1.0.5",
+    "karma-sourcemap-loader": "^0.3.7",
+    "karma-webpack": "^1.7.0",
+    "load-grunt-tasks": "^3.5.2",
+    "minimist": "^1.2.0",
+    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
+    "sinon": "^4.5.0",
+    "typescript": "^2.8.1",
+    "url-search-params": "^0.10.0",
+    "webpack": "^1.13.1",
+    "webpack-dev-server": "^1.14.1"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/axios/axios",
+  "jsdelivr": "dist/axios.min.js",
+  "keywords": [
+    "xhr",
+    "http",
+    "ajax",
+    "promise",
+    "node"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "axios",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/axios/axios.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "NODE_ENV=production grunt build",
+    "coveralls": "cat coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js",
+    "examples": "node ./examples/server.js",
+    "fix": "eslint --fix lib/**/*.js",
+    "postversion": "git push && git push --tags",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "start": "node ./sandbox/server.js",
+    "test": "grunt test && bundlesize",
+    "version": "npm run build && grunt version && git add -A dist && git add CHANGELOG.md bower.json package.json"
+  },
+  "typings": "./index.d.ts",
+  "unpkg": "dist/axios.min.js",
+  "version": "0.21.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/.github/FUNDING.yml b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/.github/FUNDING.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cea8b16e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/.github/FUNDING.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+tidelift: "npm/balanced-match"
+patreon: juliangruber
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cdc8e414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber &lt;julian@juliangruber.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/README.md b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2a48b6b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# balanced-match
+
+Match balanced string pairs, like `{` and `}` or `<b>` and `</b>`. Supports regular expressions as well!
+
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/juliangruber/balanced-match.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/juliangruber/balanced-match)
+[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/balanced-match.svg)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/balanced-match)
+
+[![testling badge](https://ci.testling.com/juliangruber/balanced-match.png)](https://ci.testling.com/juliangruber/balanced-match)
+
+## Example
+
+Get the first matching pair of braces:
+
+```js
+var balanced = require('balanced-match');
+
+console.log(balanced('{', '}', 'pre{in{nested}}post'));
+console.log(balanced('{', '}', 'pre{first}between{second}post'));
+console.log(balanced(/\s+\{\s+/, /\s+\}\s+/, 'pre  {   in{nest}   }  post'));
+```
+
+The matches are:
+
+```bash
+$ node example.js
+{ start: 3, end: 14, pre: 'pre', body: 'in{nested}', post: 'post' }
+{ start: 3,
+  end: 9,
+  pre: 'pre',
+  body: 'first',
+  post: 'between{second}post' }
+{ start: 3, end: 17, pre: 'pre', body: 'in{nest}', post: 'post' }
+```
+
+## API
+
+### var m = balanced(a, b, str)
+
+For the first non-nested matching pair of `a` and `b` in `str`, return an
+object with those keys:
+
+* **start** the index of the first match of `a`
+* **end** the index of the matching `b`
+* **pre** the preamble, `a` and `b` not included
+* **body** the match, `a` and `b` not included
+* **post** the postscript, `a` and `b` not included
+
+If there's no match, `undefined` will be returned.
+
+If the `str` contains more `a` than `b` / there are unmatched pairs, the first match that was closed will be used. For example, `{{a}` will match `['{', 'a', '']` and `{a}}` will match `['', 'a', '}']`.
+
+### var r = balanced.range(a, b, str)
+
+For the first non-nested matching pair of `a` and `b` in `str`, return an
+array with indexes: `[ <a index>, <b index> ]`.
+
+If there's no match, `undefined` will be returned.
+
+If the `str` contains more `a` than `b` / there are unmatched pairs, the first match that was closed will be used. For example, `{{a}` will match `[ 1, 3 ]` and `{a}}` will match `[0, 2]`.
+
+## Installation
+
+With [npm](https://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```bash
+npm install balanced-match
+```
+
+## Security contact information
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the
+[Tidelift security contact](https://tidelift.com/security).
+Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+## License
+
+(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber &lt;julian@juliangruber.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/index.js b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c67a64608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'use strict';
+module.exports = balanced;
+function balanced(a, b, str) {
+  if (a instanceof RegExp) a = maybeMatch(a, str);
+  if (b instanceof RegExp) b = maybeMatch(b, str);
+
+  var r = range(a, b, str);
+
+  return r && {
+    start: r[0],
+    end: r[1],
+    pre: str.slice(0, r[0]),
+    body: str.slice(r[0] + a.length, r[1]),
+    post: str.slice(r[1] + b.length)
+  };
+}
+
+function maybeMatch(reg, str) {
+  var m = str.match(reg);
+  return m ? m[0] : null;
+}
+
+balanced.range = range;
+function range(a, b, str) {
+  var begs, beg, left, right, result;
+  var ai = str.indexOf(a);
+  var bi = str.indexOf(b, ai + 1);
+  var i = ai;
+
+  if (ai >= 0 && bi > 0) {
+    if(a===b) {
+      return [ai, bi];
+    }
+    begs = [];
+    left = str.length;
+
+    while (i >= 0 && !result) {
+      if (i == ai) {
+        begs.push(i);
+        ai = str.indexOf(a, i + 1);
+      } else if (begs.length == 1) {
+        result = [ begs.pop(), bi ];
+      } else {
+        beg = begs.pop();
+        if (beg < left) {
+          left = beg;
+          right = bi;
+        }
+
+        bi = str.indexOf(b, i + 1);
+      }
+
+      i = ai < bi && ai >= 0 ? ai : bi;
+    }
+
+    if (begs.length) {
+      result = [ left, right ];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/package.json b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fb1abe97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/balanced-match/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "_from": "balanced-match@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "balanced-match@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-3oSeUO0TMV67hN1AmbXsK4yaqU7tjiHlbxRDZOpH0KW9+CeX4bRAaX0Anxt0tx2MrpRpWwQaPwIlISEJhYU5Pw==",
+  "_location": "/balanced-match",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "balanced-match@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "balanced-match",
+    "escapedName": "balanced-match",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/brace-expansion"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e83e3a7e3f300b34cb9d87f615fa0cbf357690ee",
+  "_spec": "balanced-match@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\brace-expansion",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/balanced-match/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Match balanced character pairs, like \"{\" and \"}\"",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "matcha": "^0.7.0",
+    "tape": "^4.6.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/balanced-match",
+  "keywords": [
+    "match",
+    "regexp",
+    "test",
+    "balanced",
+    "parse"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "balanced-match",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/juliangruber/balanced-match.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "matcha test/bench.js",
+    "test": "tape test/test.js"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test/*.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/8..latest",
+      "firefox/20..latest",
+      "firefox/nightly",
+      "chrome/25..latest",
+      "chrome/canary",
+      "opera/12..latest",
+      "opera/next",
+      "safari/5.1..latest",
+      "ipad/6.0..latest",
+      "iphone/6.0..latest",
+      "android-browser/4.2..latest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/.editorconfig b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e12f93be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = lf
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[{package.json,*.yml}]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+
+[appveyor.yml]
+end_of_line = crlf
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea31b97e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+language: node_js
+
+services:
+- docker
+
+env:
+- LINUX_CXX=g++-4.8
+
+os:
+- linux
+- osx
+
+arch:
+- amd64
+- arm64
+
+node_js:
+- '10'
+- '11'
+- '12'
+- '13'
+- '14'
+- '15'
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    sources:
+    - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    packages:
+    - g++-4.8
+    - bc
+
+before_install:
+- echo Building for Node $TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION
+- if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then export CXX=$LINUX_CXX; $CXX --version;
+  fi;
+- if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then c++ --version; fi;
+- npm install -g npm@latest
+
+install: true
+
+script:
+- npm test
+- "./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp configure"
+- "./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp build"
+- "./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp package"
+- |
+  if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]
+  then
+    docker run -w /src --entrypoint /bin/sh -v`pwd`:/src "node:${TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION}-alpine" test_alpine.sh
+  fi
+
+deploy:
+  provider: releases
+  skip_cleanup: true
+  api_key:
+    secure: j4gQ+m02izaw56EOd0gEStHAjCRfSCkohDWvpABiPzh1YPM9MvfEMSIvzzjV/0oMqi3Sy7eGyFv47EgQHZvouW0I8BIUzxuTCE5wP8z2SjABXCa/rz4WTppTc9d9ABq8JSdz80JxEwjmuwnYeMwWgOd7sT/VDiMxLYaXj0JWO7w=
+  file_glob: true
+  file: build/stage/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/releases/download/*/*
+  on:
+    node_js: '10'
+    repo: kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js
+    tags: true
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..814049653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# 5.0.1 (2021-02-22)
+
+  * Update `node-pre-gyp` to 1.0.0
+
+# 5.0.0 (2020-06-02)
+
+  * Fix the bcrypt "wrap-around" bug. It affects passwords with lengths >= 255.
+    It is uncommon but it's a bug nevertheless. Previous attempts to fix the bug
+    was unsuccessful.
+  * Experimental support for z/OS
+  * Fix a bug related to NUL in password input
+  * Update `node-pre-gyp` to 0.15.0
+
+# 4.0.1 (2020-02-27)
+
+  * Fix compilation errors in Alpine linux
+
+# 4.0.0 (2020-02-17)
+
+  * Switch to NAPI bcrypt
+  * Drop support for NodeJS 8
+
+# 3.0.8 (2019-12-31)
+
+  * Update `node-pre-gyp` to 0.14
+  * Pre-built binaries for NodeJS 13
+
+# 3.0.7 (2019-10-18)
+
+  * Update `nan` to 2.14.0
+  * Update `node-pre-gyp` to 0.13
+
+# 3.0.6 (2019-04-11)
+
+  * Update `nan` to 2.13.2
+
+# 3.0.5 (2019-03-19)
+
+  * Update `nan` to 2.13.1
+  * NodeJS 12 compatibility
+  * Remove `node-pre-gyp` from bundled dependencies
+
+# 3.0.4-napi (2019-03-08)
+
+  * Sync N-API bcrypt with NAN bcrypt
+
+# 3.0.4 (2019-02-07)
+
+  * Fix GCC, NAN and V8 deprecation warnings
+
+# 3.0.3 (2018-12-19)
+
+  * Update `nan` to 2.12.1
+
+# 3.0.2 (2018-10-18)
+
+  * Update `nan` to 2.11.1
+
+# 3.0.1 (2018-09-20)
+
+  * Update `nan` to 2.11.0
+
+# 3.0.0 (2018-07-06)
+
+  * Drop support for NodeJS <= 4
+
+# 2.0.1 (2018-04-20)
+
+  * Update `node-pre-gyp` to allow downloading prebuilt modules
+
+# 2.0.0 (2018-04-07)
+
+  * Make `2b` the default bcrypt version
+
+# 1.1.0-napi (2018-01-21)
+
+  * Initial support for [N-API](https://nodejs.org/api/n-api.html)
+
+# 1.0.3 (2016-08-23)
+
+  * update to nan v2.6.2 for NodeJS 8 support
+  * Fix: use npm scripts instead of node-gyp directly.
+
+# 1.0.2 (2016-12-31)
+
+  * Fix `compare` promise rejection with invalid arguments
+
+# 1.0.1 (2016-12-07)
+
+  * Fix destructuring imports with promises
+
+# 1.0.0 (2016-12-04)
+
+  * add Promise support (commit 2488473)
+
+# 0.8.7 (2016-06-09)
+
+  * update nan to 2.3.5 for improved node v6 support
+
+# 0.8.6 (2016-04-20)
+
+  * update nan for node v6 support
+
+# 0.8.5 (2015-08-12)
+
+  * update to nan v2 (adds support for iojs 3)
+
+# 0.8.4 (2015-07-24)
+
+  * fix deprecation warning for the Encode API
+
+# 0.8.3 (2015-05-06)
+
+  * update nan to 1.8.4 for iojs 2.x support
+
+# 0.8.2 (2015-03-28)
+
+  * always use callback for generating random bytes to avoid blocking
+
+# 0.8.1 (2015-01-18)
+  * update NaN to 1.5.0 for iojs support
+
+# 0.8.0 (2014-08-03)
+  * migrate to NAN for bindings
+
+# v0.5.0
+  * Fix for issue around empty string params throwing Errors.
+  * Method deprecation.
+  * Upgrade from libeio/ev to libuv. (shtylman)
+  ** --- NOTE --- Breaks 0.4.x compatability
+  * EV_MULTIPLICITY compile flag.
+
+# v0.4.1
+  * Thread safety fix around OpenSSL (GH-32). (bnoordhuis - through node)
+  * C++ code changes using delete and new instead of malloc and free. (shtylman)
+  * Compile options for speed, zoom. (shtylman)
+  * Move much of the type and variable checking to the JS. (shtylman)
+
+# v0.4.0
+  * Added getRounds function that will tell you the number of rounds within a hash/salt
+
+# v0.3.2
+  * Fix api issue with async salt gen first param
+
+# v0.3.1
+  * Compile under node 0.5.x
+
+# v0.3.0
+  * Internal Refactoring
+  * Remove pthread dependencies and locking
+  * Fix compiler warnings and a memory bug
+
+# v0.2.4
+  * Use threadsafe functions instead of pthread mutexes
+  * salt validation to make sure the salt is of the correct size and format
+
+# v0.2.3
+  * cygwin support
+
+# v0.2.2
+  * Remove dependency on libbsd, use libssl instead
+
+# v0.2.0
+  * Added async functionality
+  * API changes
+    * hashpw -> encrypt
+    * all old sync methods now end with _sync
+  * Removed libbsd(arc4random) dependency...now uses openssl which is more widely spread
+
+# v0.1.2
+  * Security fix. Wasn't reading rounds in properly and was always only using 4 rounds
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4baa0086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Thanks for reporting a new issue with the node bcrypt module!
+
+To help you resolve your issue faster please make sure you have done the following:
+
+* Searched existing issues (even closed ones) for your same problem
+* Make sure you have installed the required dependencies listed on the readme
+* Read your npm error log for lines telling you what failed, usually it is a problem with not having the correct dependencies installed to build the native module
+
+Once you have done the above and are still confident that the issue is with the module, please describe it below. Some things that really help get your issue resolved faster are:
+
+* What went wrong?
+* What did you expect to happen?
+* Which version of nodejs and OS?
+* If you find a bug, please write a failing test.
+
+Thanks!
+
+P.S. If it doesn't look like you read the above then your issue will likely be closed without further explanation. Sorry, but there are just too many issues opened with no useful information or questions which have been previously addressed.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94e2ba5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010 Nicholas Campbell
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b49b3db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+TESTS = test/*.js
+
+all: test
+
+build: clean compile
+
+compile:
+	npm install .
+	npm run install
+
+test: build
+	@./node_modules/nodeunit/bin/nodeunit \
+		$(TESTS)
+
+clean:
+	rm -Rf lib/bindings/
+
+
+.PHONY: clean test build
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/README.md b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfa800fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+# node.bcrypt.js
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js)
+[![Dependency Status](https://david-dm.org/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js.svg)](https://david-dm.org/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js)
+
+A library to help you hash passwords.
+
+You can read about [bcrypt in Wikipedia][bcryptwiki] as well as in the following article:
+[How To Safely Store A Password][codahale]
+
+## If You Are Submitting Bugs or Issues
+
+Verify that the node version you are using is a _stable_ version; it has an even major release number. Unstable versions are currently not supported and issues created while using an unstable version will be closed.
+
+If you are on a stable version of node, please provide a sufficient code snippet or log files for installation issues. The code snippet does not require you to include confidential information. However, it must provide enough information such that the problem can be replicable. Issues which are closed without resolution often lack required information for replication.
+
+
+## Version Compatibility
+
+| Node Version   |   Bcrypt Version  |
+| -------------- | ------------------|
+| 0.4            | <= 0.4            |
+| 0.6, 0.8, 0.10 | >= 0.5            |
+| 0.11           | >= 0.8            |
+| 4              | <= 2.1.0          |
+| 8              | >= 1.0.3 < 4.0.0  |
+| 10, 11         | >= 3              |
+| 12 onwards     | >= 3.0.6          |
+
+`node-gyp` only works with stable/released versions of node. Since the `bcrypt` module uses `node-gyp` to build and install, you'll need a stable version of node to use bcrypt. If you do not, you'll likely see an error that starts with:
+
+```
+gyp ERR! stack Error: "pre" versions of node cannot be installed, use the --nodedir flag instead
+```
+
+## Security Issues And Concerns
+
+> Per bcrypt implementation, only the first 72 bytes of a string are used. Any extra bytes are ignored when matching passwords. Note that this is not the first 72 *characters*. It is possible for a string to contain less than 72 characters, while taking up more than 72 bytes (e.g. a UTF-8 encoded string containing emojis).
+
+As should be the case with any security tool, this library should be scrutinized by anyone using it. If you find or suspect an issue with the code, please bring it to my attention and I'll spend some time trying to make sure that this tool is as secure as possible.
+
+To make it easier for people using this tool to analyze what has been surveyed, here is a list of BCrypt related security issues/concerns as they've come up.
+
+* An [issue with passwords][jtr] was found with a version of the Blowfish algorithm developed for John the Ripper. This is not present in the OpenBSD version and is thus not a problem for this module. HT [zooko][zooko].
+* Versions `< 5.0.0` suffer from bcrypt wrap-around bug and _will truncate passwords >= 255 characters leading to severely weakened passwords_. Please upgrade at  earliest. See [this wiki page][wrap-around-bug] for more details.
+* Versions `< 5.0.0` _do not handle NUL characters inside passwords properly leading to all subsequent characters being dropped and thus resulting in severely  weakened passwords_. Please upgrade at earliest. See [this wiki page][improper-nuls] for more details.
+
+## Compatibility Note
+
+This library supports `$2a$` and `$2b$` prefix bcrypt hashes. `$2x$` and `$2y$` hashes are specific to bcrypt implementation developed for John the Ripper. In theory, they should be compatible with `$2b$` prefix.
+
+Compatibility with hashes generated by other languages is not 100% guaranteed due to difference in character encodings. However, it should not be an issue for most cases.
+
+### Migrating from v1.0.x
+
+Hashes generated in earlier version of `bcrypt` remain 100% supported in `v2.x.x` and later versions. In most cases, the migration should be a bump in the `package.json`.
+
+Hashes generated in `v2.x.x` using the defaults parameters will not work in earlier versions.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+* NodeJS
+* `node-gyp`
+ * Please check the dependencies for this tool at: https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp
+  * Windows users will need the options for c# and c++ installed with their visual studio instance.
+  * Python 2.x
+* `OpenSSL` - This is only required to build the `bcrypt` project if you are using versions <= 0.7.7. Otherwise, we're using the builtin node crypto bindings for seed data (which use the same OpenSSL code paths we were, but don't have the external dependency).
+
+## Install via NPM
+
+```
+npm install bcrypt
+```
+***Note:*** OS X users using Xcode 4.3.1 or above may need to run the following command in their terminal prior to installing if errors occur regarding xcodebuild: ```sudo xcode-select -switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer```
+
+_Pre-built binaries for various NodeJS versions are made available on a best-effort basis._
+
+Only the current stable and supported LTS releases are actively tested against. Please note that there may be an interval between the release of the module and the availabilty of the compiled modules.
+
+Currently, we have pre-built binaries that support the following platforms:
+
+1. Windows x32 and x64
+2. Linux x64 (GlibC targets only). Pre-built binaries for MUSL targets such as Apline Linux are not available.
+3. macOS
+
+If you face an error like this:
+
+```
+node-pre-gyp ERR! Tried to download(404): https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/releases/download/v1.0.2/bcrypt_lib-v1.0.2-node-v48-linux-x64.tar.gz
+```
+
+make sure you have the appropriate dependencies installed and configured for your platform. You can find installation instructions for the dependencies for some common platforms [in this page][depsinstall].
+
+## Usage
+
+### async (recommended)
+
+```javascript
+const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
+const saltRounds = 10;
+const myPlaintextPassword = 's0/\/\P4$$w0rD';
+const someOtherPlaintextPassword = 'not_bacon';
+```
+
+#### To hash a password:
+
+Technique 1 (generate a salt and hash on separate function calls):
+
+```javascript
+bcrypt.genSalt(saltRounds, function(err, salt) {
+    bcrypt.hash(myPlaintextPassword, salt, function(err, hash) {
+        // Store hash in your password DB.
+    });
+});
+```
+
+Technique 2 (auto-gen a salt and hash):
+
+```javascript
+bcrypt.hash(myPlaintextPassword, saltRounds, function(err, hash) {
+    // Store hash in your password DB.
+});
+```
+
+Note that both techniques achieve the same end-result.
+
+#### To check a password:
+
+```javascript
+// Load hash from your password DB.
+bcrypt.compare(myPlaintextPassword, hash, function(err, result) {
+    // result == true
+});
+bcrypt.compare(someOtherPlaintextPassword, hash, function(err, result) {
+    // result == false
+});
+```
+
+[A Note on Timing Attacks](#a-note-on-timing-attacks)
+
+### with promises
+
+bcrypt uses whatever Promise implementation is available in `global.Promise`. NodeJS >= 0.12 has a native Promise implementation built in. However, this should work in any Promises/A+ compliant implementation.
+
+Async methods that accept a callback, return a `Promise` when callback is not specified if Promise support is available.
+
+```javascript
+bcrypt.hash(myPlaintextPassword, saltRounds).then(function(hash) {
+    // Store hash in your password DB.
+});
+```
+```javascript
+// Load hash from your password DB.
+bcrypt.compare(myPlaintextPassword, hash).then(function(result) {
+    // result == true
+});
+bcrypt.compare(someOtherPlaintextPassword, hash).then(function(result) {
+    // result == false
+});
+```
+
+This is also compatible with `async/await`
+
+```javascript
+async function checkUser(username, password) {
+    //... fetch user from a db etc.
+
+    const match = await bcrypt.compare(password, user.passwordHash);
+
+    if(match) {
+        //login
+    }
+
+    //...
+}
+```
+
+### sync
+
+```javascript
+const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
+const saltRounds = 10;
+const myPlaintextPassword = 's0/\/\P4$$w0rD';
+const someOtherPlaintextPassword = 'not_bacon';
+```
+
+#### To hash a password:
+
+Technique 1 (generate a salt and hash on separate function calls):
+
+```javascript
+const salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(saltRounds);
+const hash = bcrypt.hashSync(myPlaintextPassword, salt);
+// Store hash in your password DB.
+```
+
+Technique 2 (auto-gen a salt and hash):
+
+```javascript
+const hash = bcrypt.hashSync(myPlaintextPassword, saltRounds);
+// Store hash in your password DB.
+```
+
+As with async, both techniques achieve the same end-result.
+
+#### To check a password:
+
+```javascript
+// Load hash from your password DB.
+bcrypt.compareSync(myPlaintextPassword, hash); // true
+bcrypt.compareSync(someOtherPlaintextPassword, hash); // false
+```
+
+[A Note on Timing Attacks](#a-note-on-timing-attacks)
+
+### Why is async mode recommended over sync mode?
+If you are using bcrypt on a simple script, using the sync mode is perfectly fine. However, if you are using bcrypt on a server, the async mode is recommended. This is because the hashing done by bcrypt is CPU intensive, so the sync version will block the event loop and prevent your application from servicing any other inbound requests or events. The async version uses a thread pool which does not block the main event loop.
+
+## API
+
+`BCrypt.`
+
+  * `genSaltSync(rounds, minor)`
+    * `rounds` - [OPTIONAL] - the cost of processing the data. (default - 10)
+    * `minor` - [OPTIONAL] - minor version of bcrypt to use. (default - b)
+  * `genSalt(rounds, minor, cb)`
+    * `rounds` - [OPTIONAL] - the cost of processing the data. (default - 10)
+    * `minor` - [OPTIONAL] - minor version of bcrypt to use. (default - b)
+    * `cb` - [OPTIONAL] - a callback to be fired once the salt has been generated. uses eio making it asynchronous. If `cb` is not specified, a `Promise` is returned if Promise support is available.
+      * `err` - First parameter to the callback detailing any errors.
+      * `salt` - Second parameter to the callback providing the generated salt.
+  * `hashSync(data, salt)`
+    * `data` - [REQUIRED] - the data to be encrypted.
+    * `salt` - [REQUIRED] - the salt to be used to hash the password. if specified as a number then a salt will be generated with the specified number of rounds and used (see example under **Usage**).
+  * `hash(data, salt, cb)`
+    * `data` - [REQUIRED] - the data to be encrypted.
+    * `salt` - [REQUIRED] - the salt to be used to hash the password. if specified as a number then a salt will be generated with the specified number of rounds and used (see example under **Usage**).
+    * `cb` - [OPTIONAL] - a callback to be fired once the data has been encrypted. uses eio making it asynchronous. If `cb` is not specified, a `Promise` is returned if Promise support is available.
+      * `err` - First parameter to the callback detailing any errors.
+      * `encrypted` - Second parameter to the callback providing the encrypted form.
+  * `compareSync(data, encrypted)`
+    * `data` - [REQUIRED] - data to compare.
+    * `encrypted` - [REQUIRED] - data to be compared to.
+  * `compare(data, encrypted, cb)`
+    * `data` - [REQUIRED] - data to compare.
+    * `encrypted` - [REQUIRED] - data to be compared to.
+    * `cb` - [OPTIONAL] - a callback to be fired once the data has been compared. uses eio making it asynchronous. If `cb` is not specified, a `Promise` is returned if Promise support is available.
+      * `err` - First parameter to the callback detailing any errors.
+      * `same` - Second parameter to the callback providing whether the data and encrypted forms match [true | false].
+  * `getRounds(encrypted)` - return the number of rounds used to encrypt a given hash
+    * `encrypted` - [REQUIRED] - hash from which the number of rounds used should be extracted.
+
+## A Note on Rounds
+
+A note about the cost. When you are hashing your data the module will go through a series of rounds to give you a secure hash. The value you submit there is not just the number of rounds that the module will go through to hash your data. The module will use the value you enter and go through `2^rounds` iterations of processing.
+
+From @garthk, on a 2GHz core you can roughly expect:
+
+    rounds=8 : ~40 hashes/sec
+    rounds=9 : ~20 hashes/sec
+    rounds=10: ~10 hashes/sec
+    rounds=11: ~5  hashes/sec
+    rounds=12: 2-3 hashes/sec
+    rounds=13: ~1 sec/hash
+    rounds=14: ~1.5 sec/hash
+    rounds=15: ~3 sec/hash
+    rounds=25: ~1 hour/hash
+    rounds=31: 2-3 days/hash
+
+
+## A Note on Timing Attacks
+
+Because it's come up multiple times in this project, and other bcrypt projects, it needs to be said. The bcrypt comparison function is not susceptible to timing attacks. From codahale/bcrypt-ruby#42:
+
+> One of the desired properties of a cryptographic hash function is preimage attack resistance, which means there is no shortcut for generating a message which, when hashed, produces a specific digest.
+
+A great thread on this, in much more detail can be found @ codahale/bcrypt-ruby#43
+
+If you're unfamiliar with timing attacks and want to learn more you can find a great writeup @ [A Lesson In Timing Attacks][timingatk]
+
+However, timing attacks are real. And, the comparison function is _not_ time safe. What that means is that it may exit the function early in the comparison process. This happens because of the above. We don't need to be careful that an attacker is going to learn anything, and our comparison function serves to provide a comparison of hashes, it is a utility to the overall purpose of the library. If you end up using it for something else we cannot guarantee the security of the comparator. Keep that in mind as you use the library.
+
+## Hash Info
+
+The characters that comprise the resultant hash are `./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789$`.
+
+Resultant hashes will be 60 characters long and they will include the salt among other parameters, as follows:
+
+`$[algorithm]$[cost]$[salt][hash]`
+
+- 2 chars hash algorithm identifier prefix. `"$2a$" or "$2b$"` indicates BCrypt
+- Cost-factor (n). Represents the exponent used to determine how many iterations 2^n
+- 16-byte (128-bit) salt, base64 encoded to 22 characters
+- 24-byte (192-bit) hash, base64 encoded to 31 characters
+
+Example:
+```
+$2b$10$nOUIs5kJ7naTuTFkBy1veuK0kSxUFXfuaOKdOKf9xYT0KKIGSJwFa
+ |  |  |                     |
+ |  |  |                     hash-value = K0kSxUFXfuaOKdOKf9xYT0KKIGSJwFa
+ |  |  |
+ |  |  salt = nOUIs5kJ7naTuTFkBy1veu
+ |  |
+ |  cost-factor => 10 = 2^10 rounds
+ |
+ hash-algorithm identifier => 2b = BCrypt
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+If you create a pull request, tests better pass :)
+
+```
+npm install
+npm test
+```
+
+## Credits
+
+The code for this comes from a few sources:
+
+* blowfish.cc - OpenBSD
+* bcrypt.cc - OpenBSD
+* bcrypt::gen_salt - [gen_salt inclusion to bcrypt][bcryptgs]
+* bcrypt_node.cc - me
+
+## Contributors
+
+* [Antonio Salazar Cardozo][shadowfiend] - Early MacOS X support (when we used libbsd)
+* [Ben Glow][pixelglow] - Fixes for thread safety with async calls
+* [Van Nguyen][thegoleffect] - Found a timing attack in the comparator
+* [NewITFarmer][newitfarmer] - Initial Cygwin support
+* [David Trejo][dtrejo] - packaging fixes
+* [Alfred Westerveld][alfredwesterveld] - packaging fixes
+* [Vincent Côté-Roy][vincentr] - Testing around concurrency issues
+* [Lloyd Hilaiel][lloyd] - Documentation fixes
+* [Roman Shtylman][shtylman] - Code refactoring, general rot reduction, compile options, better memory management with delete and new, and an upgrade to libuv over eio/ev.
+* [Vadim Graboys][vadimg] - Code changes to support 0.5.5+
+* [Ben Noordhuis][bnoordhuis] - Fixed a thread safety issue in nodejs that was perfectly mappable to this module.
+* [Nate Rajlich][tootallnate] - Bindings and build process.
+* [Sean McArthur][seanmonstar] - Windows Support
+* [Fanie Oosthuysen][weareu] - Windows Support
+* [Amitosh Swain Mahapatra][agathver] - $2b$ hash support, ES6 Promise support
+* [Nicola Del Gobbo][NickNaso] - Initial implementation with N-API
+
+## License
+Unless stated elsewhere, file headers or otherwise, the license as stated in the LICENSE file.
+
+[bcryptwiki]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt
+[bcryptgs]: http://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-crypto/2002/05/24/msg000204.html
+[codahale]: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
+[gh13]: https://github.com/ncb000gt/node.bcrypt.js/issues/13
+[jtr]: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/06/20/2
+[depsinstall]: https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/wiki/Installation-Instructions
+[timingatk]: https://codahale.com/a-lesson-in-timing-attacks/
+[wrap-around-bug]: https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/wiki/Security-Issues-and-Concerns#bcrypt-wrap-around-bug-medium-severity
+[improper-nuls]: https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/wiki/Security-Issues-and-Concerns#improper-nul-handling-medium-severity
+
+[shadowfiend]:https://github.com/Shadowfiend
+[thegoleffect]:https://github.com/thegoleffect
+[pixelglow]:https://github.com/pixelglow
+[dtrejo]:https://github.com/dtrejo
+[alfredwesterveld]:https://github.com/alfredwesterveld
+[newitfarmer]:https://github.com/newitfarmer
+[zooko]:https://twitter.com/zooko
+[vincentr]:https://twitter.com/vincentcr
+[lloyd]:https://github.com/lloyd
+[shtylman]:https://github.com/shtylman
+[vadimg]:https://github.com/vadimg
+[bnoordhuis]:https://github.com/bnoordhuis
+[tootallnate]:https://github.com/tootallnate
+[seanmonstar]:https://github.com/seanmonstar
+[weareu]:https://github.com/weareu
+[agathver]:https://github.com/Agathver
+[NickNaso]: https://github.com/NickNaso
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/SECURITY.md b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c132dc869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+As with any software, `bcrypt` is likely to have bugs. Please report any security vulnerabilities responsibly
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 5.0.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+| < 5.0   | :x:                |
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+If you are reporting a security vulnerability, please refrain from opening a GitHub issue and instead mail it to
+one of the maintainers listed in the README.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/appveyor.yml b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c39a92d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+environment:
+  matrix:
+  - nodejs_version: "10"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "10"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "11"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "11"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "12"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "12"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "13"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "13"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "14"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "14"
+    platform: x86
+
+install:
+  - where npm
+  - where node
+  - ps: Install-Product node $env:nodejs_version $env:platform
+  - 'npm install -g npm@latest'
+
+build: off
+
+artifacts:
+  - path: 'build/stage/**/bcrypt*.tar.gz'
+
+test_script:
+  - node --version
+  - npm --version
+  - npm test
+
+after_test:
+  - .\node_modules\.bin\node-pre-gyp package
+
+on_success:
+  - ps: >
+        if ($env:NODE_PRE_GYP_GITHUB_TOKEN -ne $null -and $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME -match '^v(0|[1-9]+)\.(0|[1-9]+)\.(0|[1-9]+)(-\w)?$') {
+            echo "Publishing $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME"
+            npm install node-pre-gyp-github@1.4.3
+            ./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp-github publish --release
+        }
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/bcrypt.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/bcrypt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..612f9dcbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/bcrypt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var nodePreGyp = require('@mapbox/node-pre-gyp');
+var path = require('path');
+var binding_path = nodePreGyp.find(path.resolve(path.join(__dirname, './package.json')));
+var bindings = require(binding_path);
+
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+
+var promises = require('./promises');
+
+/// generate a salt (sync)
+/// @param {Number} [rounds] number of rounds (default 10)
+/// @return {String} salt
+module.exports.genSaltSync = function genSaltSync(rounds, minor) {
+    // default 10 rounds
+    if (!rounds) {
+        rounds = 10;
+    } else if (typeof rounds !== 'number') {
+        throw new Error('rounds must be a number');
+    }
+
+    if(!minor) {
+        minor = 'b';
+    } else if(minor !== 'b' && minor !== 'a') {
+        throw new Error('minor must be either "a" or "b"');
+    }
+
+    return bindings.gen_salt_sync(minor, rounds, crypto.randomBytes(16));
+};
+
+/// generate a salt
+/// @param {Number} [rounds] number of rounds (default 10)
+/// @param {Function} cb callback(err, salt)
+module.exports.genSalt = function genSalt(rounds, minor, cb) {
+    var error;
+
+    // if callback is first argument, then use defaults for others
+    if (typeof arguments[0] === 'function') {
+        // have to set callback first otherwise arguments are overriden
+        cb = arguments[0];
+        rounds = 10;
+        minor = 'b';
+    // callback is second argument
+    } else if (typeof arguments[1] === 'function') {
+        // have to set callback first otherwise arguments are overriden
+        cb = arguments[1];
+        minor = 'b';
+    }
+
+    if (!cb) {
+        return promises.promise(genSalt, this, [rounds, minor]);
+    }
+
+    // default 10 rounds
+    if (!rounds) {
+        rounds = 10;
+    } else if (typeof rounds !== 'number') {
+        // callback error asynchronously
+        error = new Error('rounds must be a number');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            cb(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if(!minor) {
+        minor = 'b'
+    } else if(minor !== 'b' && minor !== 'a') {
+        error = new Error('minor must be either "a" or "b"');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            cb(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    crypto.randomBytes(16, function(error, randomBytes) {
+        if (error) {
+            cb(error);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bindings.gen_salt(minor, rounds, randomBytes, cb);
+    });
+};
+
+/// hash data using a salt
+/// @param {String|Buffer} data the data to encrypt
+/// @param {String} salt the salt to use when hashing
+/// @return {String} hash
+module.exports.hashSync = function hashSync(data, salt) {
+    if (data == null || salt == null) {
+        throw new Error('data and salt arguments required');
+    }
+
+    if (!(typeof data === 'string' || data instanceof Buffer) || (typeof salt !== 'string' && typeof salt !== 'number')) {
+        throw new Error('data must be a string or Buffer and salt must either be a salt string or a number of rounds');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof salt === 'number') {
+        salt = module.exports.genSaltSync(salt);
+    }
+
+    return bindings.encrypt_sync(data, salt);
+};
+
+/// hash data using a salt
+/// @param {String|Buffer} data the data to encrypt
+/// @param {String} salt the salt to use when hashing
+/// @param {Function} cb callback(err, hash)
+module.exports.hash = function hash(data, salt, cb) {
+    var error;
+
+    if (typeof data === 'function') {
+        error = new Error('data must be a string or Buffer and salt must either be a salt string or a number of rounds');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            data(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof salt === 'function') {
+        error = new Error('data must be a string or Buffer and salt must either be a salt string or a number of rounds');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            salt(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    // cb exists but is not a function
+    // return a rejecting promise
+    if (cb && typeof cb !== 'function') {
+        return promises.reject(new Error('cb must be a function or null to return a Promise'));
+    }
+
+    if (!cb) {
+        return promises.promise(hash, this, [data, salt]);
+    }
+
+    if (data == null || salt == null) {
+        error = new Error('data and salt arguments required');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            cb(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (!(typeof data === 'string' || data instanceof Buffer) || (typeof salt !== 'string' && typeof salt !== 'number')) {
+        error = new Error('data must be a string or Buffer and salt must either be a salt string or a number of rounds');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            cb(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+
+    if (typeof salt === 'number') {
+        return module.exports.genSalt(salt, function(err, salt) {
+            return bindings.encrypt(data, salt, cb);
+        });
+    }
+
+    return bindings.encrypt(data, salt, cb);
+};
+
+/// compare raw data to hash
+/// @param {String|Buffer} data the data to hash and compare
+/// @param {String} hash expected hash
+/// @return {bool} true if hashed data matches hash
+module.exports.compareSync = function compareSync(data, hash) {
+    if (data == null || hash == null) {
+        throw new Error('data and hash arguments required');
+    }
+
+    if (!(typeof data === 'string' || data instanceof Buffer) || typeof hash !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error('data must be a string or Buffer and hash must be a string');
+    }
+
+    return bindings.compare_sync(data, hash);
+};
+
+/// compare raw data to hash
+/// @param {String|Buffer} data the data to hash and compare
+/// @param {String} hash expected hash
+/// @param {Function} cb callback(err, matched) - matched is true if hashed data matches hash
+module.exports.compare = function compare(data, hash, cb) {
+    var error;
+
+    if (typeof data === 'function') {
+        error = new Error('data and hash arguments required');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            data(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof hash === 'function') {
+        error = new Error('data and hash arguments required');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            hash(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    // cb exists but is not a function
+    // return a rejecting promise
+    if (cb && typeof cb !== 'function') {
+        return promises.reject(new Error('cb must be a function or null to return a Promise'));
+    }
+
+    if (!cb) {
+        return promises.promise(compare, this, [data, hash]);
+    }
+
+    if (data == null || hash == null) {
+        error = new Error('data and hash arguments required');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            cb(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (!(typeof data === 'string' || data instanceof Buffer) || typeof hash !== 'string') {
+        error = new Error('data and hash must be strings');
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+            cb(error);
+        });
+    }
+
+    return bindings.compare(data, hash, cb);
+};
+
+/// @param {String} hash extract rounds from this hash
+/// @return {Number} the number of rounds used to encrypt a given hash
+module.exports.getRounds = function getRounds(hash) {
+    if (hash == null) {
+        throw new Error('hash argument required');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof hash !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error('hash must be a string');
+    }
+
+    return bindings.get_rounds(hash);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/binding.gyp b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/binding.gyp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..986d71072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/binding.gyp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+  'targets': [
+    {
+      'target_name': 'bcrypt_lib',
+      'sources': [
+        'src/blowfish.cc',
+        'src/bcrypt.cc',
+        'src/bcrypt_node.cc'
+      ],
+      'defines': [
+            '_GNU_SOURCE',
+      ],
+      'cflags!': [ '-fno-exceptions' ],
+      'cflags_cc!': [ '-fno-exceptions' ],
+      'include_dirs' : [
+          "<!@(node -p \"require('node-addon-api').include\")"
+      ],
+      'dependencies': ["<!(node -p \"require('node-addon-api').gyp\")"],
+      'conditions': [
+        ['OS=="win"', {
+          "msvs_settings": {
+            "VCCLCompilerTool": {
+              "ExceptionHandling": 1
+            }
+          },
+          'defines': [
+            'uint=unsigned int',
+          ]
+        }],
+        ['OS=="mac"', {
+          'cflags+': ['-fvisibility=hidden'],
+          "xcode_settings": {
+            "CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY": "libc++",
+            'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS': 'YES',
+            'GCC_SYMBOLS_PRIVATE_EXTERN': 'YES', # -fvisibility=hidden
+          }
+        }],
+        [ 'OS=="zos"', {
+          'cflags': [
+            '-qascii',
+          ],
+        }],
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      "target_name": "action_after_build",
+      "type": "none",
+      "dependencies": [ "<(module_name)" ],
+      "copies": [
+        {
+          "files": [ "<(PRODUCT_DIR)/<(module_name).node" ],
+          "destination": "<(module_path)"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/examples/async_compare.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/examples/async_compare.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5a8daaff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/examples/async_compare.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+
+var start = Date.now();
+bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+  console.log('salt: ' + salt);
+  console.log('salt cb end: ' + (Date.now() - start) + 'ms');
+  bcrypt.hash('test', salt, function(err, crypted) {
+    console.log('crypted: ' + crypted);
+    console.log('crypted cb end: ' + (Date.now() - start) + 'ms');
+    console.log('rounds used from hash:', bcrypt.getRounds(crypted));
+    bcrypt.compare('test', crypted, function(err, res) {
+      console.log('compared true: ' + res);
+      console.log('compared true cb end: ' + (Date.now() - start) + 'ms');
+    });
+    bcrypt.compare('bacon', crypted, function(err, res) {
+      console.log('compared false: ' + res);
+      console.log('compared false cb end: ' + (Date.now() - start) + 'ms');
+    });
+  });
+})
+console.log('end: ' + (Date.now() - start) + 'ms');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/examples/forever_gen_salt.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/examples/forever_gen_salt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..761686a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/examples/forever_gen_salt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+
+(function printSalt() {
+  bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+    console.log('salt: ' + salt);
+    printSalt();
+  });
+})()
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/napi-v3/bcrypt_lib.node b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/napi-v3/bcrypt_lib.node
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccd21e47f
Binary files /dev/null and b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/napi-v3/bcrypt_lib.node differ
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/package.json b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01ea60b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+{
+  "_from": "bcrypt",
+  "_id": "bcrypt@5.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-9BTgmrhZM2t1bNuDtrtIMVSmmxZBrJ71n8Wg+YgdjHuIWYF7SjjmCPZFB+/5i/o/PIeRpwVJR3P+NrpIItUjqw==",
+  "_location": "/bcrypt",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "tag",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "bcrypt",
+    "name": "bcrypt",
+    "escapedName": "bcrypt",
+    "rawSpec": "",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "latest"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bcrypt/-/bcrypt-5.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f1a2c20f208e2ccdceea4433df0c8b2c54ecdf71",
+  "_spec": "bcrypt",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Nick Campbell",
+    "url": "https://github.com/ncb000gt"
+  },
+  "binary": {
+    "module_name": "bcrypt_lib",
+    "module_path": "./lib/binding/napi-v{napi_build_version}",
+    "package_name": "{module_name}-v{version}-napi-v{napi_build_version}-{platform}-{arch}-{libc}.tar.gz",
+    "host": "https://github.com",
+    "remote_path": "kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/releases/download/v{version}",
+    "napi_versions": [
+      3
+    ]
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Antonio Salazar Cardozo",
+      "email": "savedfastcool@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Shadowfiend"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Van Nguyen",
+      "email": "the.gol.effect@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/thegoleffect"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "David Trejo",
+      "email": "david@dtrejo.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/dtrejo"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ben Glow",
+      "email": "glen.low@pixelglow.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/pixelglow"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "NewITFarmer.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/newitfarmer"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alfred Westerveld",
+      "email": "alfredwesterveld@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/alfredwesterveld"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Vincent Côté-Roy",
+      "email": "vincentcr@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/vincentcr"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Lloyd Hilaiel",
+      "email": "lloyd@hilaiel.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/lloyd"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Roman Shtylman",
+      "email": "shtylman@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/shtylman"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Vadim Graboys",
+      "email": "dimva13@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/vadimg"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ben Noorduis",
+      "url": "https://github.com/bnoordhuis"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nate Rajlich",
+      "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+      "url": "https://github.com/tootallnate"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Sean McArthur",
+      "email": "sean.monstar@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/seanmonstar"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Fanie Oosthuysen",
+      "email": "fanie.oosthuysen@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/weareu"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Amitosh Swain Mahapatra",
+      "email": "amitosh.swain@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Agathver"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Corbin Crutchley",
+      "email": "crutchcorn@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/crutchcorn"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nicola Del Gobbo",
+      "email": "nicoladelgobbo@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/NickNaso"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp": "^1.0.0",
+    "node-addon-api": "^3.1.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A bcrypt library for NodeJS.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "nodeunit": "^0.11.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 10.0.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "bcrypt",
+    "password",
+    "auth",
+    "authentication",
+    "encryption",
+    "crypt",
+    "crypto"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./bcrypt",
+  "name": "bcrypt",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/kelektiv/node.bcrypt.js.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "install": "node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build",
+    "test": "npm install --build-from-source && nodeunit test"
+  },
+  "version": "5.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/promises.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/promises.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd820142a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/promises.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Promise = global.Promise;
+
+/// encapsulate a method with a node-style callback in a Promise
+/// @param {object} 'this' of the encapsulated function
+/// @param {function} function to be encapsulated
+/// @param {Array-like} args to be passed to the called function
+/// @return {Promise} a Promise encapsulating the function
+module.exports.promise = function (fn, context, args) {
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(args)) {
+        args = Array.prototype.slice.call(args);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+        return Promise.reject(new Error('fn must be a function'));
+    }
+
+    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+        args.push(function(err, data) {
+            if (err) {
+                reject(err);
+            } else {
+                resolve(data);
+            }
+        });
+
+        fn.apply(context, args);
+    });
+};
+
+/// @param {err} the error to be thrown
+module.exports.reject = function (err) {
+    return Promise.reject(err);
+};
+
+/// changes the promise implementation that bcrypt uses
+/// @param {Promise} the implementation to use
+module.exports.use = function(promise) {
+  Promise = promise;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/bcrypt.cc b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/bcrypt.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd8c57355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/bcrypt.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*	$OpenBSD: bcrypt.c,v 1.31 2014/03/22 23:02:03 tedu Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1997 Niels Provos <provos@umich.edu>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/* This password hashing algorithm was designed by David Mazieres
+ * <dm@lcs.mit.edu> and works as follows:
+ *
+ * 1. state := InitState ()
+ * 2. state := ExpandKey (state, salt, password)
+ * 3. REPEAT rounds:
+ *    	state := ExpandKey (state, 0, password)
+ *    state := ExpandKey (state, 0, salt)
+ * 4. ctext := "OrpheanBeholderScryDoubt"
+ * 5. REPEAT 64:
+ *    	ctext := Encrypt_ECB (state, ctext);
+ * 6. RETURN Concatenate (salt, ctext);
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "node_blf.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+
+//#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__MACH__)
+//#include "bsd/stdlib.h"
+//#endif
+
+/* This implementation is adaptable to current computing power.
+ * You can have up to 2^31 rounds which should be enough for some
+ * time to come.
+ */
+
+static void encode_base64(u_int8_t *, u_int8_t *, u_int16_t);
+static void decode_base64(u_int8_t *, u_int16_t, u_int8_t *);
+
+const static char* error = ":";
+
+const static u_int8_t Base64Code[] =
+"./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
+
+const static u_int8_t index_64[128] = {
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 54, 55,
+	56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 255, 255,
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
+	7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
+	17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
+	255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 28, 29, 30,
+	31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
+	41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,
+	51, 52, 53, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255
+};
+#define CHAR64(c)  ( (c) > 127 ? 255 : index_64[(c)])
+
+static void
+decode_base64(u_int8_t *buffer, u_int16_t len, u_int8_t *data)
+{
+	u_int8_t *bp = buffer;
+	u_int8_t *p = data;
+	u_int8_t c1, c2, c3, c4;
+	while (bp < buffer + len) {
+		c1 = CHAR64(*p);
+		c2 = CHAR64(*(p + 1));
+
+		/* Invalid data */
+		if (c1 == 255 || c2 == 255)
+			break;
+
+		*bp++ = (c1 << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4);
+		if (bp >= buffer + len)
+			break;
+
+		c3 = CHAR64(*(p + 2));
+		if (c3 == 255)
+			break;
+
+		*bp++ = ((c2 & 0x0f) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3c) >> 2);
+		if (bp >= buffer + len)
+			break;
+
+		c4 = CHAR64(*(p + 3));
+		if (c4 == 255)
+			break;
+		*bp++ = ((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | c4;
+
+		p += 4;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+encode_salt(char *salt, u_int8_t *csalt, char minor, u_int16_t clen, u_int8_t logr)
+{
+	salt[0] = '$';
+	salt[1] = BCRYPT_VERSION;
+	salt[2] = minor;
+	salt[3] = '$';
+
+    // Max rounds are 31
+	snprintf(salt + 4, 4, "%2.2u$", logr & 0x001F);
+
+	encode_base64((u_int8_t *) salt + 7, csalt, clen);
+}
+
+
+/* Generates a salt for this version of crypt.
+   Since versions may change. Keeping this here
+   seems sensible.
+   from: http://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-crypto/2002/05/24/msg000204.html
+*/
+void
+bcrypt_gensalt(char minor, u_int8_t log_rounds, u_int8_t *seed, char *gsalt)
+{
+	if (log_rounds < 4)
+		log_rounds = 4;
+	else if (log_rounds > 31)
+		log_rounds = 31;
+
+	encode_salt(gsalt, seed, minor, BCRYPT_MAXSALT, log_rounds);
+}
+
+/* We handle $Vers$log2(NumRounds)$salt+passwd$
+   i.e. $2$04$iwouldntknowwhattosayetKdJ6iFtacBqJdKe6aW7ou */
+
+void
+bcrypt(const char *key, size_t key_len, const char *salt, char *encrypted)
+{
+	blf_ctx state;
+	u_int32_t rounds, i, k;
+	u_int16_t j;
+	u_int8_t salt_len, logr, minor;
+	u_int8_t ciphertext[4 * BCRYPT_BLOCKS+1] = "OrpheanBeholderScryDoubt";
+	u_int8_t csalt[BCRYPT_MAXSALT];
+	u_int32_t cdata[BCRYPT_BLOCKS];
+	int n;
+
+	/* Discard "$" identifier */
+	salt++;
+
+	if (*salt > BCRYPT_VERSION) {
+		/* How do I handle errors ? Return ':' */
+		strcpy(encrypted, error);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Check for minor versions */
+	if (salt[1] != '$') {
+		 switch (salt[1]) {
+		 case 'a': /* 'ab' should not yield the same as 'abab' */
+		 case 'b': /* cap input length at 72 bytes */
+			 minor = salt[1];
+			 salt++;
+			 break;
+		 default:
+			 strcpy(encrypted, error);
+			 return;
+		 }
+	} else
+		 minor = 0;
+
+	/* Discard version + "$" identifier */
+	salt += 2;
+
+	if (salt[2] != '$') {
+		/* Out of sync with passwd entry */
+		strcpy(encrypted, error);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Computer power doesn't increase linear, 2^x should be fine */
+	n = atoi(salt);
+	if (n > 31 || n < 0) {
+		strcpy(encrypted, error);
+		return;
+	}
+	logr = (u_int8_t)n;
+	if ((rounds = (u_int32_t) 1 << logr) < BCRYPT_MINROUNDS) {
+		strcpy(encrypted, error);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Discard num rounds + "$" identifier */
+	salt += 3;
+
+	if (strlen(salt) * 3 / 4 < BCRYPT_MAXSALT) {
+		strcpy(encrypted, error);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* We dont want the base64 salt but the raw data */
+	decode_base64(csalt, BCRYPT_MAXSALT, (u_int8_t *) salt);
+	salt_len = BCRYPT_MAXSALT;
+	if (minor <= 'a')
+		key_len = (u_int8_t)(key_len + (minor >= 'a' ? 1 : 0));
+	else
+	{
+		/* cap key_len at the actual maximum supported
+		* length here to avoid integer wraparound */
+		if (key_len > 72)
+			key_len = 72;
+		key_len++; /* include the NUL */
+	}
+
+
+	/* Setting up S-Boxes and Subkeys */
+	Blowfish_initstate(&state);
+	Blowfish_expandstate(&state, csalt, salt_len,
+		(u_int8_t *) key, key_len);
+	for (k = 0; k < rounds; k++) {
+		Blowfish_expand0state(&state, (u_int8_t *) key, key_len);
+		Blowfish_expand0state(&state, csalt, salt_len);
+	}
+
+ 	/* This can be precomputed later */
+	j = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < BCRYPT_BLOCKS; i++)
+		cdata[i] = Blowfish_stream2word(ciphertext, 4 * BCRYPT_BLOCKS, &j);
+
+	/* Now do the encryption */
+	for (k = 0; k < 64; k++)
+		blf_enc(&state, cdata, BCRYPT_BLOCKS / 2);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < BCRYPT_BLOCKS; i++) {
+		ciphertext[4 * i + 3] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
+		cdata[i] = cdata[i] >> 8;
+		ciphertext[4 * i + 2] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
+		cdata[i] = cdata[i] >> 8;
+		ciphertext[4 * i + 1] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
+		cdata[i] = cdata[i] >> 8;
+		ciphertext[4 * i + 0] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
+	}
+
+	i = 0;
+	encrypted[i++] = '$';
+	encrypted[i++] = BCRYPT_VERSION;
+	if (minor)
+		encrypted[i++] = minor;
+	encrypted[i++] = '$';
+
+	snprintf(encrypted + i, 4, "%2.2u$", logr & 0x001F);
+
+	encode_base64((u_int8_t *) encrypted + i + 3, csalt, BCRYPT_MAXSALT);
+	encode_base64((u_int8_t *) encrypted + strlen(encrypted), ciphertext,
+		4 * BCRYPT_BLOCKS - 1);
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	memset(ciphertext, 0, sizeof(ciphertext));
+	memset(csalt, 0, sizeof(csalt));
+	memset(cdata, 0, sizeof(cdata));
+}
+
+u_int32_t bcrypt_get_rounds(const char * hash)
+{
+  /* skip past the leading "$" */
+  if (!hash || *(hash++) != '$') return 0;
+
+  /* skip past version */
+  if (0 == (*hash++)) return 0;
+  if (*hash && *hash != '$') hash++;
+  if (*hash++ != '$') return 0;
+
+  return  atoi(hash);
+}
+
+static void
+encode_base64(u_int8_t *buffer, u_int8_t *data, u_int16_t len)
+{
+	u_int8_t *bp = buffer;
+	u_int8_t *p = data;
+	u_int8_t c1, c2;
+	while (p < data + len) {
+		c1 = *p++;
+		*bp++ = Base64Code[(c1 >> 2)];
+		c1 = (c1 & 0x03) << 4;
+		if (p >= data + len) {
+			*bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
+			break;
+		}
+		c2 = *p++;
+		c1 |= (c2 >> 4) & 0x0f;
+		*bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
+		c1 = (c2 & 0x0f) << 2;
+		if (p >= data + len) {
+			*bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
+			break;
+		}
+		c2 = *p++;
+		c1 |= (c2 >> 6) & 0x03;
+		*bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
+		*bp++ = Base64Code[c2 & 0x3f];
+	}
+	*bp = '\0';
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/bcrypt_node.cc b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/bcrypt_node.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce1c62c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/bcrypt_node.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+#include <napi.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdlib.h> // atoi
+
+#include "node_blf.h"
+
+#define NODE_LESS_THAN (!(NODE_VERSION_AT_LEAST(0, 5, 4)))
+
+namespace {
+
+    bool ValidateSalt(const char* salt) {
+
+        if (!salt || *salt != '$') {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // discard $
+        salt++;
+
+        if (*salt > BCRYPT_VERSION) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (salt[1] != '$') {
+            switch (salt[1]) {
+            case 'a':
+            case 'b':
+                salt++;
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // discard version + $
+        salt += 2;
+
+        if (salt[2] != '$') {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        int n = atoi(salt);
+        if (n > 31 || n < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (((uint8_t)1 << (uint8_t)n) < BCRYPT_MINROUNDS) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        salt += 3;
+        if (strlen(salt) * 3 / 4 < BCRYPT_MAXSALT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    inline char ToCharVersion(const std::string& str) {
+        return str[0];
+    }
+
+    /* SALT GENERATION */
+
+    class SaltAsyncWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
+        public:
+            SaltAsyncWorker(const Napi::Function& callback, const std::string& seed, ssize_t rounds, char minor_ver)
+                : Napi::AsyncWorker(callback, "bcrypt:SaltAsyncWorker"), seed(seed), rounds(rounds), minor_ver(minor_ver) {
+            }
+
+            ~SaltAsyncWorker() {}
+
+            void Execute() {
+                bcrypt_gensalt(minor_ver, rounds, (u_int8_t *)&seed[0], salt);
+            }
+
+            void OnOK() {
+                Napi::HandleScope scope(Env());
+                Callback().Call({Env().Undefined(), Napi::String::New(Env(), salt)});
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::string seed;
+            ssize_t rounds;
+            char minor_ver;
+            char salt[_SALT_LEN];
+    };
+
+    Napi::Value GenerateSalt(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+        if (info.Length() < 4) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "4 arguments expected");
+        }
+        if (!info[0].IsString()) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "First argument must be a string");
+        }
+        if (!info[2].IsBuffer() || (info[2].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>()).Length() != 16) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Second argument must be a 16 byte Buffer");
+        }
+
+        const char minor_ver = ToCharVersion(info[0].As<Napi::String>());
+        const int32_t rounds = info[1].As<Napi::Number>();
+        Napi::Buffer<char> seed = info[2].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>();
+        Napi::Function callback = info[3].As<Napi::Function>();
+        SaltAsyncWorker* saltWorker = new SaltAsyncWorker(callback, std::string(seed.Data(), 16), rounds, minor_ver);
+        saltWorker->Queue();
+        return env.Undefined();
+    }
+
+    Napi::Value GenerateSaltSync(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+        if (info.Length() < 3) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "3 arguments expected");
+        }
+        if (!info[0].IsString()) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "First argument must be a string");
+        }
+        if (!info[2].IsBuffer() || (info[2].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>()).Length() != 16) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Third argument must be a 16 byte Buffer");
+        }
+        const char minor_ver = ToCharVersion(info[0].As<Napi::String>());
+        const int32_t rounds = info[1].As<Napi::Number>();
+        Napi::Buffer<u_int8_t> buffer = info[2].As<Napi::Buffer<u_int8_t>>();
+        u_int8_t* seed = (u_int8_t*) buffer.Data();
+        char salt[_SALT_LEN];
+        bcrypt_gensalt(minor_ver, rounds, seed, salt);
+        return Napi::String::New(env, salt, strlen(salt));
+    }
+
+    inline std::string BufferToString(const Napi::Buffer<char> &buf) {
+        return std::string(buf.Data(), buf.Length());
+    }
+
+    /* ENCRYPT DATA - USED TO BE HASHPW */
+
+    class EncryptAsyncWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
+        public:
+            EncryptAsyncWorker(const Napi::Function& callback, const std::string& input, const std::string& salt)
+                : Napi::AsyncWorker(callback, "bcrypt:EncryptAsyncWorker"), input(input), salt(salt) {
+            }
+
+            ~EncryptAsyncWorker() {}
+
+            void Execute() {
+                if (!(ValidateSalt(salt.c_str()))) {
+                    SetError("Invalid salt. Salt must be in the form of: $Vers$log2(NumRounds)$saltvalue");
+                }
+                bcrypt(input.c_str(), input.length(), salt.c_str(), bcrypted);
+            }
+
+            void OnOK() {
+                Napi::HandleScope scope(Env());
+                Callback().Call({Env().Undefined(),Napi::String::New(Env(), bcrypted)});
+            }
+        private:
+            std::string input;
+            std::string salt;
+            char bcrypted[_PASSWORD_LEN];
+    };
+
+    Napi::Value Encrypt(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        if (info.Length() < 3) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(info.Env(), "3 arguments expected");
+        }
+        std::string data = info[0].IsBuffer()
+            ? BufferToString(info[0].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>())
+            : info[0].As<Napi::String>();
+        std::string salt = info[1].As<Napi::String>();
+        Napi::Function callback = info[2].As<Napi::Function>();
+        EncryptAsyncWorker* encryptWorker = new EncryptAsyncWorker(callback, data, salt);
+        encryptWorker->Queue();
+        return info.Env().Undefined();
+    }
+
+    Napi::Value EncryptSync(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+        if (info.Length() < 2) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(info.Env(), "2 arguments expected");
+        }
+        std::string data = info[0].IsBuffer()
+            ? BufferToString(info[0].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>())
+            : info[0].As<Napi::String>();
+        std::string salt = info[1].As<Napi::String>();
+        if (!(ValidateSalt(salt.c_str()))) {
+            throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Invalid salt. Salt must be in the form of: $Vers$log2(NumRounds)$saltvalue");
+        }
+        char bcrypted[_PASSWORD_LEN];
+        bcrypt(data.c_str(), data.length(), salt.c_str(), bcrypted);
+        return Napi::String::New(env, bcrypted, strlen(bcrypted));
+    }
+
+    /* COMPARATOR */
+    inline bool CompareStrings(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+        return strcmp(s1, s2) == 0;
+    }
+
+    class CompareAsyncWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
+        public:
+            CompareAsyncWorker(const Napi::Function& callback, const std::string& input, const std::string& encrypted)
+                : Napi::AsyncWorker(callback, "bcrypt:CompareAsyncWorker"), input(input), encrypted(encrypted) {
+                result = false;
+            }
+
+            ~CompareAsyncWorker() {}
+
+            void Execute() {
+                char bcrypted[_PASSWORD_LEN];
+                if (ValidateSalt(encrypted.c_str())) {
+                    bcrypt(input.c_str(), input.length(), encrypted.c_str(), bcrypted);
+                    result = CompareStrings(bcrypted, encrypted.c_str());
+                }
+            }
+
+            void OnOK() {
+                Napi::HandleScope scope(Env());
+                Callback().Call({Env().Undefined(), Napi::Boolean::New(Env(), result)});
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::string input;
+            std::string encrypted;
+            bool result;
+    };
+
+    Napi::Value Compare(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        if (info.Length() < 3) {
+                throw Napi::TypeError::New(info.Env(), "3 arguments expected");
+        }
+        std::string input = info[0].IsBuffer()
+            ? BufferToString(info[0].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>())
+            : info[0].As<Napi::String>();
+        std::string encrypted = info[1].As<Napi::String>();
+        Napi::Function callback = info[2].As<Napi::Function>();
+        CompareAsyncWorker* compareWorker = new CompareAsyncWorker(callback, input, encrypted);
+        compareWorker->Queue();
+        return info.Env().Undefined();
+    }
+
+    Napi::Value CompareSync(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+        if (info.Length() < 2) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(info.Env(), "2 arguments expected");
+        }
+        std::string pw = info[0].IsBuffer()
+            ? BufferToString(info[0].As<Napi::Buffer<char>>())
+            : info[0].As<Napi::String>();
+        std::string hash = info[1].As<Napi::String>();
+        char bcrypted[_PASSWORD_LEN];
+        if (ValidateSalt(hash.c_str())) {
+            bcrypt(pw.c_str(), pw.length(), hash.c_str(), bcrypted);
+            return Napi::Boolean::New(env, CompareStrings(bcrypted, hash.c_str()));
+        } else {
+            return Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Napi::Value GetRounds(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+        Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+        if (info.Length() < 1) {
+            throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "1 argument expected");
+        }
+        std::string hash =  info[0].As<Napi::String>();
+        u_int32_t rounds;
+        if (!(rounds = bcrypt_get_rounds(hash.c_str()))) {
+            throw Napi::Error::New(env, "invalid hash provided");
+        }
+        return Napi::Number::New(env, rounds);
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "gen_salt_sync"), Napi::Function::New(env, GenerateSaltSync));
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "encrypt_sync"), Napi::Function::New(env, EncryptSync));
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "compare_sync"), Napi::Function::New(env, CompareSync));
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "get_rounds"), Napi::Function::New(env, GetRounds));
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "gen_salt"), Napi::Function::New(env, GenerateSalt));
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "encrypt"), Napi::Function::New(env, Encrypt));
+    exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, "compare"), Napi::Function::New(env, Compare));
+    return exports;
+}
+
+NODE_API_MODULE(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, init)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/blowfish.cc b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/blowfish.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fc6cf19e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/blowfish.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: blowfish.c,v 1.18 2004/11/02 17:23:26 hshoexer Exp $ */
+/*
+ * Blowfish block cipher for OpenBSD
+ * Copyright 1997 Niels Provos <provos@physnet.uni-hamburg.de>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Implementation advice by David Mazieres <dm@lcs.mit.edu>.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
+ * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This code is derived from section 14.3 and the given source
+ * in section V of Applied Cryptography, second edition.
+ * Blowfish is an unpatented fast block cipher designed by
+ * Bruce Schneier.
+ */
+
+#include "node_blf.h"
+
+#undef inline
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define inline __inline
+#else				/* !__GNUC__ */
+#define inline
+#endif				/* !__GNUC__ */
+
+/* Function for Feistel Networks */
+
+#define F(s, x) ((((s)[        (((x)>>24)&0xFF)]  \
+		 + (s)[0x100 + (((x)>>16)&0xFF)]) \
+		 ^ (s)[0x200 + (((x)>> 8)&0xFF)]) \
+		 + (s)[0x300 + ( (x)     &0xFF)])
+
+#define BLFRND(s,p,i,j,n) (i ^= F(s,j) ^ (p)[n])
+
+void
+Blowfish_encipher(blf_ctx *c, u_int32_t *xl, u_int32_t *xr)
+{
+	u_int32_t Xl;
+	u_int32_t Xr;
+	u_int32_t *s = c->S[0];
+	u_int32_t *p = c->P;
+
+	Xl = *xl;
+	Xr = *xr;
+
+	Xl ^= p[0];
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 1); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 2);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 3); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 4);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 5); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 6);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 7); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 8);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 9); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 10);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 11); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 12);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 13); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 14);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 15); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 16);
+
+	*xl = Xr ^ p[17];
+	*xr = Xl;
+}
+
+void
+Blowfish_decipher(blf_ctx *c, u_int32_t *xl, u_int32_t *xr)
+{
+	u_int32_t Xl;
+	u_int32_t Xr;
+	u_int32_t *s = c->S[0];
+	u_int32_t *p = c->P;
+
+	Xl = *xl;
+	Xr = *xr;
+
+	Xl ^= p[17];
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 16); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 15);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 14); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 13);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 12); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 11);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 10); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 9);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 8); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 7);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 6); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 5);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 4); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 3);
+	BLFRND(s, p, Xr, Xl, 2); BLFRND(s, p, Xl, Xr, 1);
+
+	*xl = Xr ^ p[0];
+	*xr = Xl;
+}
+
+void
+Blowfish_initstate(blf_ctx *c)
+{
+	/* P-box and S-box tables initialized with digits of Pi */
+
+	static const blf_ctx initstate =
+	{ {
+		{
+			0xd1310ba6, 0x98dfb5ac, 0x2ffd72db, 0xd01adfb7,
+			0xb8e1afed, 0x6a267e96, 0xba7c9045, 0xf12c7f99,
+			0x24a19947, 0xb3916cf7, 0x0801f2e2, 0x858efc16,
+			0x636920d8, 0x71574e69, 0xa458fea3, 0xf4933d7e,
+			0x0d95748f, 0x728eb658, 0x718bcd58, 0x82154aee,
+			0x7b54a41d, 0xc25a59b5, 0x9c30d539, 0x2af26013,
+			0xc5d1b023, 0x286085f0, 0xca417918, 0xb8db38ef,
+			0x8e79dcb0, 0x603a180e, 0x6c9e0e8b, 0xb01e8a3e,
+			0xd71577c1, 0xbd314b27, 0x78af2fda, 0x55605c60,
+			0xe65525f3, 0xaa55ab94, 0x57489862, 0x63e81440,
+			0x55ca396a, 0x2aab10b6, 0xb4cc5c34, 0x1141e8ce,
+			0xa15486af, 0x7c72e993, 0xb3ee1411, 0x636fbc2a,
+			0x2ba9c55d, 0x741831f6, 0xce5c3e16, 0x9b87931e,
+			0xafd6ba33, 0x6c24cf5c, 0x7a325381, 0x28958677,
+			0x3b8f4898, 0x6b4bb9af, 0xc4bfe81b, 0x66282193,
+			0x61d809cc, 0xfb21a991, 0x487cac60, 0x5dec8032,
+			0xef845d5d, 0xe98575b1, 0xdc262302, 0xeb651b88,
+			0x23893e81, 0xd396acc5, 0x0f6d6ff3, 0x83f44239,
+			0x2e0b4482, 0xa4842004, 0x69c8f04a, 0x9e1f9b5e,
+			0x21c66842, 0xf6e96c9a, 0x670c9c61, 0xabd388f0,
+			0x6a51a0d2, 0xd8542f68, 0x960fa728, 0xab5133a3,
+			0x6eef0b6c, 0x137a3be4, 0xba3bf050, 0x7efb2a98,
+			0xa1f1651d, 0x39af0176, 0x66ca593e, 0x82430e88,
+			0x8cee8619, 0x456f9fb4, 0x7d84a5c3, 0x3b8b5ebe,
+			0xe06f75d8, 0x85c12073, 0x401a449f, 0x56c16aa6,
+			0x4ed3aa62, 0x363f7706, 0x1bfedf72, 0x429b023d,
+			0x37d0d724, 0xd00a1248, 0xdb0fead3, 0x49f1c09b,
+			0x075372c9, 0x80991b7b, 0x25d479d8, 0xf6e8def7,
+			0xe3fe501a, 0xb6794c3b, 0x976ce0bd, 0x04c006ba,
+			0xc1a94fb6, 0x409f60c4, 0x5e5c9ec2, 0x196a2463,
+			0x68fb6faf, 0x3e6c53b5, 0x1339b2eb, 0x3b52ec6f,
+			0x6dfc511f, 0x9b30952c, 0xcc814544, 0xaf5ebd09,
+			0xbee3d004, 0xde334afd, 0x660f2807, 0x192e4bb3,
+			0xc0cba857, 0x45c8740f, 0xd20b5f39, 0xb9d3fbdb,
+			0x5579c0bd, 0x1a60320a, 0xd6a100c6, 0x402c7279,
+			0x679f25fe, 0xfb1fa3cc, 0x8ea5e9f8, 0xdb3222f8,
+			0x3c7516df, 0xfd616b15, 0x2f501ec8, 0xad0552ab,
+			0x323db5fa, 0xfd238760, 0x53317b48, 0x3e00df82,
+			0x9e5c57bb, 0xca6f8ca0, 0x1a87562e, 0xdf1769db,
+			0xd542a8f6, 0x287effc3, 0xac6732c6, 0x8c4f5573,
+			0x695b27b0, 0xbbca58c8, 0xe1ffa35d, 0xb8f011a0,
+			0x10fa3d98, 0xfd2183b8, 0x4afcb56c, 0x2dd1d35b,
+			0x9a53e479, 0xb6f84565, 0xd28e49bc, 0x4bfb9790,
+			0xe1ddf2da, 0xa4cb7e33, 0x62fb1341, 0xcee4c6e8,
+			0xef20cada, 0x36774c01, 0xd07e9efe, 0x2bf11fb4,
+			0x95dbda4d, 0xae909198, 0xeaad8e71, 0x6b93d5a0,
+			0xd08ed1d0, 0xafc725e0, 0x8e3c5b2f, 0x8e7594b7,
+			0x8ff6e2fb, 0xf2122b64, 0x8888b812, 0x900df01c,
+			0x4fad5ea0, 0x688fc31c, 0xd1cff191, 0xb3a8c1ad,
+			0x2f2f2218, 0xbe0e1777, 0xea752dfe, 0x8b021fa1,
+			0xe5a0cc0f, 0xb56f74e8, 0x18acf3d6, 0xce89e299,
+			0xb4a84fe0, 0xfd13e0b7, 0x7cc43b81, 0xd2ada8d9,
+			0x165fa266, 0x80957705, 0x93cc7314, 0x211a1477,
+			0xe6ad2065, 0x77b5fa86, 0xc75442f5, 0xfb9d35cf,
+			0xebcdaf0c, 0x7b3e89a0, 0xd6411bd3, 0xae1e7e49,
+			0x00250e2d, 0x2071b35e, 0x226800bb, 0x57b8e0af,
+			0x2464369b, 0xf009b91e, 0x5563911d, 0x59dfa6aa,
+			0x78c14389, 0xd95a537f, 0x207d5ba2, 0x02e5b9c5,
+			0x83260376, 0x6295cfa9, 0x11c81968, 0x4e734a41,
+			0xb3472dca, 0x7b14a94a, 0x1b510052, 0x9a532915,
+			0xd60f573f, 0xbc9bc6e4, 0x2b60a476, 0x81e67400,
+			0x08ba6fb5, 0x571be91f, 0xf296ec6b, 0x2a0dd915,
+			0xb6636521, 0xe7b9f9b6, 0xff34052e, 0xc5855664,
+		0x53b02d5d, 0xa99f8fa1, 0x08ba4799, 0x6e85076a},
+		{
+			0x4b7a70e9, 0xb5b32944, 0xdb75092e, 0xc4192623,
+			0xad6ea6b0, 0x49a7df7d, 0x9cee60b8, 0x8fedb266,
+			0xecaa8c71, 0x699a17ff, 0x5664526c, 0xc2b19ee1,
+			0x193602a5, 0x75094c29, 0xa0591340, 0xe4183a3e,
+			0x3f54989a, 0x5b429d65, 0x6b8fe4d6, 0x99f73fd6,
+			0xa1d29c07, 0xefe830f5, 0x4d2d38e6, 0xf0255dc1,
+			0x4cdd2086, 0x8470eb26, 0x6382e9c6, 0x021ecc5e,
+			0x09686b3f, 0x3ebaefc9, 0x3c971814, 0x6b6a70a1,
+			0x687f3584, 0x52a0e286, 0xb79c5305, 0xaa500737,
+			0x3e07841c, 0x7fdeae5c, 0x8e7d44ec, 0x5716f2b8,
+			0xb03ada37, 0xf0500c0d, 0xf01c1f04, 0x0200b3ff,
+			0xae0cf51a, 0x3cb574b2, 0x25837a58, 0xdc0921bd,
+			0xd19113f9, 0x7ca92ff6, 0x94324773, 0x22f54701,
+			0x3ae5e581, 0x37c2dadc, 0xc8b57634, 0x9af3dda7,
+			0xa9446146, 0x0fd0030e, 0xecc8c73e, 0xa4751e41,
+			0xe238cd99, 0x3bea0e2f, 0x3280bba1, 0x183eb331,
+			0x4e548b38, 0x4f6db908, 0x6f420d03, 0xf60a04bf,
+			0x2cb81290, 0x24977c79, 0x5679b072, 0xbcaf89af,
+			0xde9a771f, 0xd9930810, 0xb38bae12, 0xdccf3f2e,
+			0x5512721f, 0x2e6b7124, 0x501adde6, 0x9f84cd87,
+			0x7a584718, 0x7408da17, 0xbc9f9abc, 0xe94b7d8c,
+			0xec7aec3a, 0xdb851dfa, 0x63094366, 0xc464c3d2,
+			0xef1c1847, 0x3215d908, 0xdd433b37, 0x24c2ba16,
+			0x12a14d43, 0x2a65c451, 0x50940002, 0x133ae4dd,
+			0x71dff89e, 0x10314e55, 0x81ac77d6, 0x5f11199b,
+			0x043556f1, 0xd7a3c76b, 0x3c11183b, 0x5924a509,
+			0xf28fe6ed, 0x97f1fbfa, 0x9ebabf2c, 0x1e153c6e,
+			0x86e34570, 0xeae96fb1, 0x860e5e0a, 0x5a3e2ab3,
+			0x771fe71c, 0x4e3d06fa, 0x2965dcb9, 0x99e71d0f,
+			0x803e89d6, 0x5266c825, 0x2e4cc978, 0x9c10b36a,
+			0xc6150eba, 0x94e2ea78, 0xa5fc3c53, 0x1e0a2df4,
+			0xf2f74ea7, 0x361d2b3d, 0x1939260f, 0x19c27960,
+			0x5223a708, 0xf71312b6, 0xebadfe6e, 0xeac31f66,
+			0xe3bc4595, 0xa67bc883, 0xb17f37d1, 0x018cff28,
+			0xc332ddef, 0xbe6c5aa5, 0x65582185, 0x68ab9802,
+			0xeecea50f, 0xdb2f953b, 0x2aef7dad, 0x5b6e2f84,
+			0x1521b628, 0x29076170, 0xecdd4775, 0x619f1510,
+			0x13cca830, 0xeb61bd96, 0x0334fe1e, 0xaa0363cf,
+			0xb5735c90, 0x4c70a239, 0xd59e9e0b, 0xcbaade14,
+			0xeecc86bc, 0x60622ca7, 0x9cab5cab, 0xb2f3846e,
+			0x648b1eaf, 0x19bdf0ca, 0xa02369b9, 0x655abb50,
+			0x40685a32, 0x3c2ab4b3, 0x319ee9d5, 0xc021b8f7,
+			0x9b540b19, 0x875fa099, 0x95f7997e, 0x623d7da8,
+			0xf837889a, 0x97e32d77, 0x11ed935f, 0x16681281,
+			0x0e358829, 0xc7e61fd6, 0x96dedfa1, 0x7858ba99,
+			0x57f584a5, 0x1b227263, 0x9b83c3ff, 0x1ac24696,
+			0xcdb30aeb, 0x532e3054, 0x8fd948e4, 0x6dbc3128,
+			0x58ebf2ef, 0x34c6ffea, 0xfe28ed61, 0xee7c3c73,
+			0x5d4a14d9, 0xe864b7e3, 0x42105d14, 0x203e13e0,
+			0x45eee2b6, 0xa3aaabea, 0xdb6c4f15, 0xfacb4fd0,
+			0xc742f442, 0xef6abbb5, 0x654f3b1d, 0x41cd2105,
+			0xd81e799e, 0x86854dc7, 0xe44b476a, 0x3d816250,
+			0xcf62a1f2, 0x5b8d2646, 0xfc8883a0, 0xc1c7b6a3,
+			0x7f1524c3, 0x69cb7492, 0x47848a0b, 0x5692b285,
+			0x095bbf00, 0xad19489d, 0x1462b174, 0x23820e00,
+			0x58428d2a, 0x0c55f5ea, 0x1dadf43e, 0x233f7061,
+			0x3372f092, 0x8d937e41, 0xd65fecf1, 0x6c223bdb,
+			0x7cde3759, 0xcbee7460, 0x4085f2a7, 0xce77326e,
+			0xa6078084, 0x19f8509e, 0xe8efd855, 0x61d99735,
+			0xa969a7aa, 0xc50c06c2, 0x5a04abfc, 0x800bcadc,
+			0x9e447a2e, 0xc3453484, 0xfdd56705, 0x0e1e9ec9,
+			0xdb73dbd3, 0x105588cd, 0x675fda79, 0xe3674340,
+			0xc5c43465, 0x713e38d8, 0x3d28f89e, 0xf16dff20,
+		0x153e21e7, 0x8fb03d4a, 0xe6e39f2b, 0xdb83adf7},
+		{
+			0xe93d5a68, 0x948140f7, 0xf64c261c, 0x94692934,
+			0x411520f7, 0x7602d4f7, 0xbcf46b2e, 0xd4a20068,
+			0xd4082471, 0x3320f46a, 0x43b7d4b7, 0x500061af,
+			0x1e39f62e, 0x97244546, 0x14214f74, 0xbf8b8840,
+			0x4d95fc1d, 0x96b591af, 0x70f4ddd3, 0x66a02f45,
+			0xbfbc09ec, 0x03bd9785, 0x7fac6dd0, 0x31cb8504,
+			0x96eb27b3, 0x55fd3941, 0xda2547e6, 0xabca0a9a,
+			0x28507825, 0x530429f4, 0x0a2c86da, 0xe9b66dfb,
+			0x68dc1462, 0xd7486900, 0x680ec0a4, 0x27a18dee,
+			0x4f3ffea2, 0xe887ad8c, 0xb58ce006, 0x7af4d6b6,
+			0xaace1e7c, 0xd3375fec, 0xce78a399, 0x406b2a42,
+			0x20fe9e35, 0xd9f385b9, 0xee39d7ab, 0x3b124e8b,
+			0x1dc9faf7, 0x4b6d1856, 0x26a36631, 0xeae397b2,
+			0x3a6efa74, 0xdd5b4332, 0x6841e7f7, 0xca7820fb,
+			0xfb0af54e, 0xd8feb397, 0x454056ac, 0xba489527,
+			0x55533a3a, 0x20838d87, 0xfe6ba9b7, 0xd096954b,
+			0x55a867bc, 0xa1159a58, 0xcca92963, 0x99e1db33,
+			0xa62a4a56, 0x3f3125f9, 0x5ef47e1c, 0x9029317c,
+			0xfdf8e802, 0x04272f70, 0x80bb155c, 0x05282ce3,
+			0x95c11548, 0xe4c66d22, 0x48c1133f, 0xc70f86dc,
+			0x07f9c9ee, 0x41041f0f, 0x404779a4, 0x5d886e17,
+			0x325f51eb, 0xd59bc0d1, 0xf2bcc18f, 0x41113564,
+			0x257b7834, 0x602a9c60, 0xdff8e8a3, 0x1f636c1b,
+			0x0e12b4c2, 0x02e1329e, 0xaf664fd1, 0xcad18115,
+			0x6b2395e0, 0x333e92e1, 0x3b240b62, 0xeebeb922,
+			0x85b2a20e, 0xe6ba0d99, 0xde720c8c, 0x2da2f728,
+			0xd0127845, 0x95b794fd, 0x647d0862, 0xe7ccf5f0,
+			0x5449a36f, 0x877d48fa, 0xc39dfd27, 0xf33e8d1e,
+			0x0a476341, 0x992eff74, 0x3a6f6eab, 0xf4f8fd37,
+			0xa812dc60, 0xa1ebddf8, 0x991be14c, 0xdb6e6b0d,
+			0xc67b5510, 0x6d672c37, 0x2765d43b, 0xdcd0e804,
+			0xf1290dc7, 0xcc00ffa3, 0xb5390f92, 0x690fed0b,
+			0x667b9ffb, 0xcedb7d9c, 0xa091cf0b, 0xd9155ea3,
+			0xbb132f88, 0x515bad24, 0x7b9479bf, 0x763bd6eb,
+			0x37392eb3, 0xcc115979, 0x8026e297, 0xf42e312d,
+			0x6842ada7, 0xc66a2b3b, 0x12754ccc, 0x782ef11c,
+			0x6a124237, 0xb79251e7, 0x06a1bbe6, 0x4bfb6350,
+			0x1a6b1018, 0x11caedfa, 0x3d25bdd8, 0xe2e1c3c9,
+			0x44421659, 0x0a121386, 0xd90cec6e, 0xd5abea2a,
+			0x64af674e, 0xda86a85f, 0xbebfe988, 0x64e4c3fe,
+			0x9dbc8057, 0xf0f7c086, 0x60787bf8, 0x6003604d,
+			0xd1fd8346, 0xf6381fb0, 0x7745ae04, 0xd736fccc,
+			0x83426b33, 0xf01eab71, 0xb0804187, 0x3c005e5f,
+			0x77a057be, 0xbde8ae24, 0x55464299, 0xbf582e61,
+			0x4e58f48f, 0xf2ddfda2, 0xf474ef38, 0x8789bdc2,
+			0x5366f9c3, 0xc8b38e74, 0xb475f255, 0x46fcd9b9,
+			0x7aeb2661, 0x8b1ddf84, 0x846a0e79, 0x915f95e2,
+			0x466e598e, 0x20b45770, 0x8cd55591, 0xc902de4c,
+			0xb90bace1, 0xbb8205d0, 0x11a86248, 0x7574a99e,
+			0xb77f19b6, 0xe0a9dc09, 0x662d09a1, 0xc4324633,
+			0xe85a1f02, 0x09f0be8c, 0x4a99a025, 0x1d6efe10,
+			0x1ab93d1d, 0x0ba5a4df, 0xa186f20f, 0x2868f169,
+			0xdcb7da83, 0x573906fe, 0xa1e2ce9b, 0x4fcd7f52,
+			0x50115e01, 0xa70683fa, 0xa002b5c4, 0x0de6d027,
+			0x9af88c27, 0x773f8641, 0xc3604c06, 0x61a806b5,
+			0xf0177a28, 0xc0f586e0, 0x006058aa, 0x30dc7d62,
+			0x11e69ed7, 0x2338ea63, 0x53c2dd94, 0xc2c21634,
+			0xbbcbee56, 0x90bcb6de, 0xebfc7da1, 0xce591d76,
+			0x6f05e409, 0x4b7c0188, 0x39720a3d, 0x7c927c24,
+			0x86e3725f, 0x724d9db9, 0x1ac15bb4, 0xd39eb8fc,
+			0xed545578, 0x08fca5b5, 0xd83d7cd3, 0x4dad0fc4,
+			0x1e50ef5e, 0xb161e6f8, 0xa28514d9, 0x6c51133c,
+			0x6fd5c7e7, 0x56e14ec4, 0x362abfce, 0xddc6c837,
+		0xd79a3234, 0x92638212, 0x670efa8e, 0x406000e0},
+		{
+			0x3a39ce37, 0xd3faf5cf, 0xabc27737, 0x5ac52d1b,
+			0x5cb0679e, 0x4fa33742, 0xd3822740, 0x99bc9bbe,
+			0xd5118e9d, 0xbf0f7315, 0xd62d1c7e, 0xc700c47b,
+			0xb78c1b6b, 0x21a19045, 0xb26eb1be, 0x6a366eb4,
+			0x5748ab2f, 0xbc946e79, 0xc6a376d2, 0x6549c2c8,
+			0x530ff8ee, 0x468dde7d, 0xd5730a1d, 0x4cd04dc6,
+			0x2939bbdb, 0xa9ba4650, 0xac9526e8, 0xbe5ee304,
+			0xa1fad5f0, 0x6a2d519a, 0x63ef8ce2, 0x9a86ee22,
+			0xc089c2b8, 0x43242ef6, 0xa51e03aa, 0x9cf2d0a4,
+			0x83c061ba, 0x9be96a4d, 0x8fe51550, 0xba645bd6,
+			0x2826a2f9, 0xa73a3ae1, 0x4ba99586, 0xef5562e9,
+			0xc72fefd3, 0xf752f7da, 0x3f046f69, 0x77fa0a59,
+			0x80e4a915, 0x87b08601, 0x9b09e6ad, 0x3b3ee593,
+			0xe990fd5a, 0x9e34d797, 0x2cf0b7d9, 0x022b8b51,
+			0x96d5ac3a, 0x017da67d, 0xd1cf3ed6, 0x7c7d2d28,
+			0x1f9f25cf, 0xadf2b89b, 0x5ad6b472, 0x5a88f54c,
+			0xe029ac71, 0xe019a5e6, 0x47b0acfd, 0xed93fa9b,
+			0xe8d3c48d, 0x283b57cc, 0xf8d56629, 0x79132e28,
+			0x785f0191, 0xed756055, 0xf7960e44, 0xe3d35e8c,
+			0x15056dd4, 0x88f46dba, 0x03a16125, 0x0564f0bd,
+			0xc3eb9e15, 0x3c9057a2, 0x97271aec, 0xa93a072a,
+			0x1b3f6d9b, 0x1e6321f5, 0xf59c66fb, 0x26dcf319,
+			0x7533d928, 0xb155fdf5, 0x03563482, 0x8aba3cbb,
+			0x28517711, 0xc20ad9f8, 0xabcc5167, 0xccad925f,
+			0x4de81751, 0x3830dc8e, 0x379d5862, 0x9320f991,
+			0xea7a90c2, 0xfb3e7bce, 0x5121ce64, 0x774fbe32,
+			0xa8b6e37e, 0xc3293d46, 0x48de5369, 0x6413e680,
+			0xa2ae0810, 0xdd6db224, 0x69852dfd, 0x09072166,
+			0xb39a460a, 0x6445c0dd, 0x586cdecf, 0x1c20c8ae,
+			0x5bbef7dd, 0x1b588d40, 0xccd2017f, 0x6bb4e3bb,
+			0xdda26a7e, 0x3a59ff45, 0x3e350a44, 0xbcb4cdd5,
+			0x72eacea8, 0xfa6484bb, 0x8d6612ae, 0xbf3c6f47,
+			0xd29be463, 0x542f5d9e, 0xaec2771b, 0xf64e6370,
+			0x740e0d8d, 0xe75b1357, 0xf8721671, 0xaf537d5d,
+			0x4040cb08, 0x4eb4e2cc, 0x34d2466a, 0x0115af84,
+			0xe1b00428, 0x95983a1d, 0x06b89fb4, 0xce6ea048,
+			0x6f3f3b82, 0x3520ab82, 0x011a1d4b, 0x277227f8,
+			0x611560b1, 0xe7933fdc, 0xbb3a792b, 0x344525bd,
+			0xa08839e1, 0x51ce794b, 0x2f32c9b7, 0xa01fbac9,
+			0xe01cc87e, 0xbcc7d1f6, 0xcf0111c3, 0xa1e8aac7,
+			0x1a908749, 0xd44fbd9a, 0xd0dadecb, 0xd50ada38,
+			0x0339c32a, 0xc6913667, 0x8df9317c, 0xe0b12b4f,
+			0xf79e59b7, 0x43f5bb3a, 0xf2d519ff, 0x27d9459c,
+			0xbf97222c, 0x15e6fc2a, 0x0f91fc71, 0x9b941525,
+			0xfae59361, 0xceb69ceb, 0xc2a86459, 0x12baa8d1,
+			0xb6c1075e, 0xe3056a0c, 0x10d25065, 0xcb03a442,
+			0xe0ec6e0e, 0x1698db3b, 0x4c98a0be, 0x3278e964,
+			0x9f1f9532, 0xe0d392df, 0xd3a0342b, 0x8971f21e,
+			0x1b0a7441, 0x4ba3348c, 0xc5be7120, 0xc37632d8,
+			0xdf359f8d, 0x9b992f2e, 0xe60b6f47, 0x0fe3f11d,
+			0xe54cda54, 0x1edad891, 0xce6279cf, 0xcd3e7e6f,
+			0x1618b166, 0xfd2c1d05, 0x848fd2c5, 0xf6fb2299,
+			0xf523f357, 0xa6327623, 0x93a83531, 0x56cccd02,
+			0xacf08162, 0x5a75ebb5, 0x6e163697, 0x88d273cc,
+			0xde966292, 0x81b949d0, 0x4c50901b, 0x71c65614,
+			0xe6c6c7bd, 0x327a140a, 0x45e1d006, 0xc3f27b9a,
+			0xc9aa53fd, 0x62a80f00, 0xbb25bfe2, 0x35bdd2f6,
+			0x71126905, 0xb2040222, 0xb6cbcf7c, 0xcd769c2b,
+			0x53113ec0, 0x1640e3d3, 0x38abbd60, 0x2547adf0,
+			0xba38209c, 0xf746ce76, 0x77afa1c5, 0x20756060,
+			0x85cbfe4e, 0x8ae88dd8, 0x7aaaf9b0, 0x4cf9aa7e,
+			0x1948c25c, 0x02fb8a8c, 0x01c36ae4, 0xd6ebe1f9,
+			0x90d4f869, 0xa65cdea0, 0x3f09252d, 0xc208e69f,
+		0xb74e6132, 0xce77e25b, 0x578fdfe3, 0x3ac372e6}
+	},
+	{
+		0x243f6a88, 0x85a308d3, 0x13198a2e, 0x03707344,
+		0xa4093822, 0x299f31d0, 0x082efa98, 0xec4e6c89,
+		0x452821e6, 0x38d01377, 0xbe5466cf, 0x34e90c6c,
+		0xc0ac29b7, 0xc97c50dd, 0x3f84d5b5, 0xb5470917,
+		0x9216d5d9, 0x8979fb1b
+	} };
+
+	*c = initstate;
+}
+
+u_int32_t
+Blowfish_stream2word(const u_int8_t *data, u_int16_t databytes,
+    u_int16_t *current)
+{
+	u_int8_t i;
+	u_int16_t j;
+	u_int32_t temp;
+
+	temp = 0x00000000;
+	j = *current;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++, j++) {
+		if (j >= databytes)
+			j = 0;
+		temp = (temp << 8) | data[j];
+	}
+
+	*current = j;
+	return temp;
+}
+
+void
+Blowfish_expand0state(blf_ctx *c, const u_int8_t *key, u_int16_t keybytes)
+{
+	u_int16_t i;
+	u_int16_t j;
+	u_int16_t k;
+	u_int32_t temp;
+	u_int32_t datal;
+	u_int32_t datar;
+
+	j = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < BLF_N + 2; i++) {
+		/* Extract 4 int8 to 1 int32 from keystream */
+		temp = Blowfish_stream2word(key, keybytes, &j);
+		c->P[i] = c->P[i] ^ temp;
+	}
+
+	j = 0;
+	datal = 0x00000000;
+	datar = 0x00000000;
+	for (i = 0; i < BLF_N + 2; i += 2) {
+		Blowfish_encipher(c, &datal, &datar);
+
+		c->P[i] = datal;
+		c->P[i + 1] = datar;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		for (k = 0; k < 256; k += 2) {
+			Blowfish_encipher(c, &datal, &datar);
+
+			c->S[i][k] = datal;
+			c->S[i][k + 1] = datar;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+Blowfish_expandstate(blf_ctx *c, const u_int8_t *data, u_int16_t databytes,
+    const u_int8_t *key, u_int16_t keybytes)
+{
+	u_int16_t i;
+	u_int16_t j;
+	u_int16_t k;
+	u_int32_t temp;
+	u_int32_t datal;
+	u_int32_t datar;
+
+	j = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < BLF_N + 2; i++) {
+		/* Extract 4 int8 to 1 int32 from keystream */
+		temp = Blowfish_stream2word(key, keybytes, &j);
+		c->P[i] = c->P[i] ^ temp;
+	}
+
+	j = 0;
+	datal = 0x00000000;
+	datar = 0x00000000;
+	for (i = 0; i < BLF_N + 2; i += 2) {
+		datal ^= Blowfish_stream2word(data, databytes, &j);
+		datar ^= Blowfish_stream2word(data, databytes, &j);
+		Blowfish_encipher(c, &datal, &datar);
+
+		c->P[i] = datal;
+		c->P[i + 1] = datar;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		for (k = 0; k < 256; k += 2) {
+			datal ^= Blowfish_stream2word(data, databytes, &j);
+			datar ^= Blowfish_stream2word(data, databytes, &j);
+			Blowfish_encipher(c, &datal, &datar);
+
+			c->S[i][k] = datal;
+			c->S[i][k + 1] = datar;
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+
+void
+blf_key(blf_ctx *c, const u_int8_t *k, u_int16_t len)
+{
+	/* Initialize S-boxes and subkeys with Pi */
+	Blowfish_initstate(c);
+
+	/* Transform S-boxes and subkeys with key */
+	Blowfish_expand0state(c, k, len);
+}
+
+void
+blf_enc(blf_ctx *c, u_int32_t *data, u_int16_t blocks)
+{
+	u_int32_t *d;
+	u_int16_t i;
+
+	d = data;
+	for (i = 0; i < blocks; i++) {
+		Blowfish_encipher(c, d, d + 1);
+		d += 2;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+blf_dec(blf_ctx *c, u_int32_t *data, u_int16_t blocks)
+{
+	u_int32_t *d;
+	u_int16_t i;
+
+	d = data;
+	for (i = 0; i < blocks; i++) {
+		Blowfish_decipher(c, d, d + 1);
+		d += 2;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+blf_ecb_encrypt(blf_ctx *c, u_int8_t *data, u_int32_t len)
+{
+	u_int32_t l, r;
+	u_int32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i += 8) {
+		l = data[0] << 24 | data[1] << 16 | data[2] << 8 | data[3];
+		r = data[4] << 24 | data[5] << 16 | data[6] << 8 | data[7];
+		Blowfish_encipher(c, &l, &r);
+		data[0] = l >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[1] = l >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[2] = l >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[3] = l & 0xff;
+		data[4] = r >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[5] = r >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[6] = r >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[7] = r & 0xff;
+		data += 8;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+blf_ecb_decrypt(blf_ctx *c, u_int8_t *data, u_int32_t len)
+{
+	u_int32_t l, r;
+	u_int32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i += 8) {
+		l = data[0] << 24 | data[1] << 16 | data[2] << 8 | data[3];
+		r = data[4] << 24 | data[5] << 16 | data[6] << 8 | data[7];
+		Blowfish_decipher(c, &l, &r);
+		data[0] = l >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[1] = l >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[2] = l >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[3] = l & 0xff;
+		data[4] = r >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[5] = r >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[6] = r >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[7] = r & 0xff;
+		data += 8;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+blf_cbc_encrypt(blf_ctx *c, u_int8_t *iv, u_int8_t *data, u_int32_t len)
+{
+	u_int32_t l, r;
+	u_int32_t i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i += 8) {
+		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+			data[j] ^= iv[j];
+		l = data[0] << 24 | data[1] << 16 | data[2] << 8 | data[3];
+		r = data[4] << 24 | data[5] << 16 | data[6] << 8 | data[7];
+		Blowfish_encipher(c, &l, &r);
+		data[0] = l >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[1] = l >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[2] = l >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[3] = l & 0xff;
+		data[4] = r >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[5] = r >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[6] = r >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[7] = r & 0xff;
+		iv = data;
+		data += 8;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+blf_cbc_decrypt(blf_ctx *c, u_int8_t *iva, u_int8_t *data, u_int32_t len)
+{
+	u_int32_t l, r;
+	u_int8_t *iv;
+	u_int32_t i, j;
+
+	iv = data + len - 16;
+	data = data + len - 8;
+	for (i = len - 8; i >= 8; i -= 8) {
+		l = data[0] << 24 | data[1] << 16 | data[2] << 8 | data[3];
+		r = data[4] << 24 | data[5] << 16 | data[6] << 8 | data[7];
+		Blowfish_decipher(c, &l, &r);
+		data[0] = l >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[1] = l >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[2] = l >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[3] = l & 0xff;
+		data[4] = r >> 24 & 0xff;
+		data[5] = r >> 16 & 0xff;
+		data[6] = r >> 8 & 0xff;
+		data[7] = r & 0xff;
+		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+			data[j] ^= iv[j];
+		iv -= 8;
+		data -= 8;
+	}
+	l = data[0] << 24 | data[1] << 16 | data[2] << 8 | data[3];
+	r = data[4] << 24 | data[5] << 16 | data[6] << 8 | data[7];
+	Blowfish_decipher(c, &l, &r);
+	data[0] = l >> 24 & 0xff;
+	data[1] = l >> 16 & 0xff;
+	data[2] = l >> 8 & 0xff;
+	data[3] = l & 0xff;
+	data[4] = r >> 24 & 0xff;
+	data[5] = r >> 16 & 0xff;
+	data[6] = r >> 8 & 0xff;
+	data[7] = r & 0xff;
+	for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+		data[j] ^= iva[j];
+}
+
+#if 0
+void
+report(u_int32_t data[], u_int16_t len)
+{
+	u_int16_t i;
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i += 2)
+		printf("Block %0hd: %08lx %08lx.\n",
+		    i / 2, data[i], data[i + 1]);
+}
+void
+main(void)
+{
+
+	blf_ctx c;
+	char    key[] = "AAAAA";
+	char    key2[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+	u_int32_t data[10];
+	u_int32_t data2[] =
+	{0x424c4f57l, 0x46495348l};
+
+	u_int16_t i;
+
+	/* First test */
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+		data[i] = i;
+
+	blf_key(&c, (u_int8_t *) key, 5);
+	blf_enc(&c, data, 5);
+	blf_dec(&c, data, 1);
+	blf_dec(&c, data + 2, 4);
+	printf("Should read as 0 - 9.\n");
+	report(data, 10);
+
+	/* Second test */
+	blf_key(&c, (u_int8_t *) key2, strlen(key2));
+	blf_enc(&c, data2, 1);
+	printf("\nShould read as: 0x324ed0fe 0xf413a203.\n");
+	report(data2, 2);
+	blf_dec(&c, data2, 1);
+	report(data2, 2);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/node_blf.h b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/node_blf.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d50a39bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/src/node_blf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: blf.h,v 1.7 2007/03/14 17:59:41 grunk Exp $ */
+/*
+ * Blowfish - a fast block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier
+ *
+ * Copyright 1997 Niels Provos <provos@physnet.uni-hamburg.de>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
+ * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _NODE_BLF_H_
+#define _NODE_BLF_H_
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* Solaris compatibility */
+#ifdef __sun
+#define u_int8_t uint8_t
+#define u_int16_t uint16_t
+#define u_int32_t uint32_t
+#define u_int64_t uint64_t
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
+#define u_int16_t unsigned __int16
+#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
+#define u_int64_t unsigned __int64
+#endif
+
+/* Windows ssize_t compatibility */
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
+#  if defined(_WIN64)
+     typedef __int64 LONG_PTR;
+#  else
+     typedef long LONG_PTR;
+#  endif
+  typedef LONG_PTR SSIZE_T;
+  typedef SSIZE_T ssize_t;
+#endif
+
+/* z/OS compatibility */
+#ifdef __MVS__
+typedef unsigned char u_int8_t;
+typedef unsigned short u_int16_t;
+typedef unsigned int u_int32_t;
+typedef unsigned long long u_int64_t;
+#endif
+
+#define BCRYPT_VERSION '2'
+#define BCRYPT_MAXSALT 16	/* Precomputation is just so nice */
+#define BCRYPT_BLOCKS 6		/* Ciphertext blocks */
+#define BCRYPT_MINROUNDS 16	/* we have log2(rounds) in salt */
+
+/* Schneier specifies a maximum key length of 56 bytes.
+ * This ensures that every key bit affects every cipher
+ * bit.  However, the subkeys can hold up to 72 bytes.
+ * Warning: For normal blowfish encryption only 56 bytes
+ * of the key affect all cipherbits.
+ */
+
+#define BLF_N	16			/* Number of Subkeys */
+#define BLF_MAXKEYLEN ((BLF_N-2)*4)	/* 448 bits */
+#define BLF_MAXUTILIZED ((BLF_N+2)*4)	/* 576 bits */
+
+#define _PASSWORD_LEN   128             /* max length, not counting NUL */
+#define _SALT_LEN       32              /* max length */
+
+/* Blowfish context */
+typedef struct BlowfishContext {
+	u_int32_t S[4][256];	/* S-Boxes */
+	u_int32_t P[BLF_N + 2];	/* Subkeys */
+} blf_ctx;
+
+/* Raw access to customized Blowfish
+ *	blf_key is just:
+ *	Blowfish_initstate( state )
+ *	Blowfish_expand0state( state, key, keylen )
+ */
+
+void Blowfish_encipher(blf_ctx *, u_int32_t *, u_int32_t *);
+void Blowfish_decipher(blf_ctx *, u_int32_t *, u_int32_t *);
+void Blowfish_initstate(blf_ctx *);
+void Blowfish_expand0state(blf_ctx *, const u_int8_t *, u_int16_t);
+void Blowfish_expandstate
+(blf_ctx *, const u_int8_t *, u_int16_t, const u_int8_t *, u_int16_t);
+
+/* Standard Blowfish */
+
+void blf_key(blf_ctx *, const u_int8_t *, u_int16_t);
+void blf_enc(blf_ctx *, u_int32_t *, u_int16_t);
+void blf_dec(blf_ctx *, u_int32_t *, u_int16_t);
+
+void blf_ecb_encrypt(blf_ctx *, u_int8_t *, u_int32_t);
+void blf_ecb_decrypt(blf_ctx *, u_int8_t *, u_int32_t);
+
+void blf_cbc_encrypt(blf_ctx *, u_int8_t *, u_int8_t *, u_int32_t);
+void blf_cbc_decrypt(blf_ctx *, u_int8_t *, u_int8_t *, u_int32_t);
+
+/* Converts u_int8_t to u_int32_t */
+u_int32_t Blowfish_stream2word(const u_int8_t *, u_int16_t , u_int16_t *);
+
+/* bcrypt functions*/
+void bcrypt_gensalt(char, u_int8_t, u_int8_t*, char *);
+void bcrypt(const char *, size_t key_len, const char *, char *);
+void encode_salt(char *, u_int8_t *, char, u_int16_t, u_int8_t);
+u_int32_t bcrypt_get_rounds(const char *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/async.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/async.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e10321eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/async.js
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+
+module.exports = {
+    test_salt_length: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(1);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+            assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_salt_only_cb: function(assert) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {bcrypt.genSalt(function(err, salt) {});}, "Should not throw an Error. Rounds and seed length are optional.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_salt_rounds_is_string_number: function(assert) {
+        bcrypt.genSalt('10', void 0, function (err, salt) {
+            assert.ok((err instanceof Error), "Should be an Error. genSalt requires round to be of type number.");
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_salt_rounds_is_string_non_number: function(assert) {
+        bcrypt.genSalt('z', function (err, salt) {
+            assert.ok((err instanceof Error), "Should throw an Error. genSalt requires rounds to of type number.");
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_salt_minor: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(3);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, 'a', function(err, salt) {
+            assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+            var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2a');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_salt_minor_b: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(3);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, 'b', function(err, salt) {
+            assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+            var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(1);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+            bcrypt.hash('password', salt, function(err, res) {
+                assert.ok(res, "Res should be defined.");
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_rounds: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(1);
+        bcrypt.hash('bacon', 8, function(err, hash) {
+          assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.getRounds(hash), 8, "Number of rounds should be that specified in the function call.");
+          assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_empty_strings: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(2);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+            bcrypt.hash('', salt, function(err, res) {
+                assert.ok(res, "Res should be defined even with an empty pw.");
+                bcrypt.hash('', '', function(err, res) {
+                  if (err) {
+                    assert.ok(err);
+                  } else {
+                    assert.fail();
+                  }
+
+                  assert.done();
+                });
+            });
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_no_params: function(assert) {
+        bcrypt.hash(function (err, hash) {
+            assert.ok(err, "Should be an error. No params.");
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_one_param: function(assert) {
+        bcrypt.hash('password', function (err, hash) {
+            assert.ok(err, "Should be an Error. No salt.");
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_salt_validity: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(3);
+        bcrypt.hash('password', '$2a$10$somesaltyvaluertsetrse', function(err, enc) {
+            assert.strictEqual(err, undefined);
+            bcrypt.hash('password', 'some$value', function(err, enc) {
+                assert.notEqual(err, undefined);
+                assert.strictEqual(err.message, "Invalid salt. Salt must be in the form of: $Vers$log2(NumRounds)$saltvalue");
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        });
+    },
+    test_verify_salt: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(2);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+            var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_verify_salt_min_rounds: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(2);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(1, function(err, salt) {
+            var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '04');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_verify_salt_max_rounds: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(2);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(100, function(err, salt) {
+            var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+            assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '31');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_compare: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(3);
+        bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+            assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+            bcrypt.hash("test", salt, function(err, hash) {
+                bcrypt.compare("test", hash, function(err, res) {
+                    assert.strictEqual(res, true, "These hashes should be equal.");
+                    bcrypt.compare("blah", hash, function(err, res) {
+                        assert.strictEqual(res, false, "These hashes should not be equal.");
+                        assert.done();
+                    });
+                });
+            });
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_compare_empty_strings: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(2);
+        var hash = bcrypt.hashSync("test", bcrypt.genSaltSync(10));
+
+        bcrypt.compare("", hash, function(err, res) {
+          assert.strictEqual(res, false, "These hashes should not be equal.");
+          bcrypt.compare("", "", function(err, res) {
+            assert.strictEqual(res, false, "These hashes should not be equal.");
+            assert.done();
+          });
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_compare_invalid_strings: function(assert) {
+      var fullString = 'envy1362987212538';
+      var hash = '$2a$10$XOPbrlUPQdwdJUpSrIF6X.LbE14qsMmKGhM1A8W9iqaG3vv1BD7WC';
+      var wut = ':';
+      bcrypt.compare(fullString, hash, function(err, res) {
+        assert.ok(res);
+        bcrypt.compare(fullString, wut, function(err, res) {
+          assert.ok(!res);
+          assert.done();
+        });
+      });
+    },
+    test_compare_no_params: function(assert) {
+        bcrypt.compare(function(err, hash) {
+            assert.ok(err, 'Should be an error. No params.');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    },
+    test_hash_compare_one_param: function(assert) {
+        bcrypt.compare('password', function(err, hash) {
+            assert.ok(err, 'Should be an Error. No hash.');
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/implementation.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/implementation.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad884bfc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/implementation.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+
+// some tests were adapted from https://github.com/riverrun/bcrypt_elixir/blob/master/test/base_test.exs
+// which are under the BSD LICENSE
+module.exports = {
+    openwall_bcrypt_tests: function(assert) {
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("U*U", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.E5YPO9kmyuRGyh0XouQYb4YMJKvyOeW");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("U*U*", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.VGOzA784oUp/Z0DY336zx7pLYAy0lwK");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("U*U*U", "$2a$05$XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXO"), "$2a$05$XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXOAcXxm9kjPGEMsLznoKqmqw7tc8WCx4a");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.7uG0VCzI2bS7j6ymqJi9CdcdxiRTWNy");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789", "$2a$05$abcdefghijklmnopqrstuu"), "$2a$05$abcdefghijklmnopqrstuu5s2v8.iXieOjg/.AySBTTZIIVFJeBui");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    openbsd_bcrypt_tests: function(assert) {
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.6.O1dLNbjod2uo0DVcW.jHucKbPDdHS");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.6.O1dLNbjod2uo0DVcW.jHucKbPDdHS");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_long_passwords: function(assert) {
+        // bcrypt wrap-around bug in $2a$
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.6.O1dLNbjod2uo0DVcW.jHucKbPDdHS");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("01XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.6.O1dLNbjod2uo0DVcW.jHucKbPDdHS");
+
+        // tests for $2b$ which fixes wrap-around bugs
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234", "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.XxrQqgBi/5Sxuq9soXzDtjIZ7w5pMfK");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345", "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.XxrQqgBi/5Sxuq9soXzDtjIZ7w5pMfK");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_embedded_nulls: function(assert) {
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("Passw\0rd123", "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.VHy/kzL4sCcX3Ib3wN5rNGiRt.TpfxS");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("Passw\0 you can literally write anything after the NUL character", "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.4vJLJQ6nZ/70INTjjSZWQ0iyUek92tu");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync(Buffer.from("Passw\0 you can literally write anything after the NUL character"), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC."), "$2b$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.4vJLJQ6nZ/70INTjjSZWQ0iyUek92tu");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_shorten_salt_to_128_bits: function(assert) {
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("test", "$2a$10$1234567899123456789012"), "$2a$10$123456789912345678901u.OtL1A1eGK5wmvBKUDYKvuVKI7h2XBu");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("U*U*", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCh"), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCeUQ7VjYZ2hd4bLYZdhuPpZMUpEUJDw1S");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("U*U*", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCM"), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.VGOzA784oUp/Z0DY336zx7pLYAy0lwK");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("U*U*", "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA"), "$2a$05$CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.VGOzA784oUp/Z0DY336zx7pLYAy0lwK");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_consistency: function(assert) {
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("ππππππππ", "$2a$10$.TtQJ4Jr6isd4Hp.mVfZeu"), "$2a$10$.TtQJ4Jr6isd4Hp.mVfZeuh6Gws4rOQ/vdBczhDx.19NFK0Y84Dle");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("p@5sw0rd", "$2b$12$zQ4CooEXdGqcwi0PHsgc8e"), "$2b$12$zQ4CooEXdGqcwi0PHsgc8eAf0DLXE/XHoBE8kCSGQ97rXwuClaPam");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("C'est bon, la vie!", "$2b$12$cbo7LZ.wxgW4yxAA5Vqlv."), "$2b$12$cbo7LZ.wxgW4yxAA5Vqlv.KR6QFPt4qCdc9RYJNXxa/rbUOp.1sw.");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync("ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα", "$2b$12$LeHKWR2bmrazi/6P22Jpau"), "$2b$12$LeHKWR2bmrazi/6P22JpauX5my/eKwwKpWqL7L5iEByBnxNc76FRW");
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.hashSync(Buffer.from("ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα"), "$2b$12$LeHKWR2bmrazi/6P22Jpau"), "$2b$12$LeHKWR2bmrazi/6P22JpauX5my/eKwwKpWqL7L5iEByBnxNc76FRW");
+        bcrypt.hash(Buffer.from("ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα"), "$2b$12$LeHKWR2bmrazi/6P22Jpau", function(err, hash) {
+            assert.strictEqual(hash, "$2b$12$LeHKWR2bmrazi/6P22JpauX5my/eKwwKpWqL7L5iEByBnxNc76FRW");
+            assert.done();
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/promise.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/promise.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f64099269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/promise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+var promises = require('../promises');
+
+var fail = function(assert, error) {
+    assert.ok(false, error);
+    assert.done();
+};
+
+// only run these tests if Promise is available
+if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
+    module.exports = {
+        test_salt_returns_promise_on_no_args: function(assert) {
+            // make sure test passes with non-native implementations such as bluebird
+            // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27746304/how-do-i-tell-if-an-object-is-a-promise
+            assert.strictEqual(typeof bcrypt.genSalt().then, 'function', "Should return a promise");
+            assert.done();
+        },
+        test_salt_returns_promise_on_null_callback: function(assert) {
+            assert.strictEqual(typeof bcrypt.genSalt(13, null, null).then,'function', "Should return a promise");
+            assert.done();
+        },
+        test_salt_length: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(2);
+            bcrypt.genSalt(10).then(function(salt) {
+                assert.ok(salt,'salt must be defined');
+                assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_salt_rounds_is_string_number: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.genSalt('10').then(function() {
+                fail(assert, "should not be resolved");
+            }).catch(function(err) {
+                assert.ok((err instanceof Error), "Should be an Error. genSalt requires round to be of type number.");
+            }).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_salt_rounds_is_string_non_number: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.genSalt('b').then(function() {
+                fail(assert, "should not be resolved");
+            }).catch(function(err) {
+                assert.ok((err instanceof Error), "Should be an Error. genSalt requires round to be of type number.");
+            }).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_returns_promise_on_null_callback: function(assert) {
+            assert.strictEqual(typeof bcrypt.hash('password', 10, null).then,'function', "Should return a promise");
+            assert.done();
+        },
+        test_hash: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.genSalt(10).then(function(salt) {
+                return bcrypt.hash('password', salt);
+            }).then(function(res) {
+                assert.ok(res, "Res should be defined.");
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_rounds: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.hash('bacon', 8).then(function(hash) {
+                assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.getRounds(hash), 8, "Number of rounds should be that specified in the function call.");
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_empty_strings: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(2);
+            Promise.all([
+                bcrypt.genSalt(10).then(function(salt) {
+                    return bcrypt.hash('', salt);
+                }).then(function(res) {
+                    assert.ok(res, "Res should be defined even with an empty pw.");
+                }),
+                bcrypt.hash('', '').then(function() {
+                    fail(assert, "should not be resolved")
+                }).catch(function(err) {
+                    assert.ok(err);
+                }),
+            ]).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_no_params: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.hash().then(function() {
+                fail(assert, "should not be resolved");
+            }).catch(function(err) {
+                assert.ok(err, "Should be an error. No params.");
+            }).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_one_param: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.hash('password').then(function() {
+                fail(assert, "should not be resolved");
+            }).catch(function(err) {
+                assert.ok(err, "Should be an error. No salt.");
+            }).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_salt_validity: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(3);
+            Promise.all(
+                [
+                    bcrypt.hash('password', '$2a$10$somesaltyvaluertsetrse').then(function(enc) {
+                        assert.ok(enc, "should be resolved with a value");
+                    }),
+                    bcrypt.hash('password', 'some$value').then(function() {
+                        fail(assert, "should not resolve");
+                    }).catch(function(err) {
+                        assert.notEqual(err, undefined);
+                        assert.strictEqual(err.message, "Invalid salt. Salt must be in the form of: $Vers$log2(NumRounds)$saltvalue");
+                    })
+                ]).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_verify_salt: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(2);
+            bcrypt.genSalt(10).then(function(salt) {
+                var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+                assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+                assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_verify_salt_min_rounds: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(2);
+            bcrypt.genSalt(1).then(function(salt) {
+                var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+                assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+                assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '04');
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_verify_salt_max_rounds: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(2);
+            bcrypt.genSalt(100).then(function(salt) {
+                var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+                assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+                assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '31');
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_compare_returns_promise_on_null_callback: function(assert) {
+            assert.strictEqual(typeof bcrypt.compare('password', 'something', null).then, 'function', "Should return a promise");
+            assert.done();
+        },
+        test_hash_compare: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(3);
+            bcrypt.genSalt(10).then(function(salt) {
+                assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+                return bcrypt.hash("test", salt);
+            }).then(function(hash) {
+                return Promise.all(
+                    [
+                        bcrypt.compare("test", hash).then(function(res) {
+                            assert.strictEqual(res, true, "These hashes should be equal.");
+                        }),
+                        bcrypt.compare("blah", hash).then(function(res) {
+                            assert.strictEqual(res, false, "These hashes should not be equal.");
+                        })
+                    ]).then(function() {
+                    assert.done();
+                });
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_compare_empty_strings: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(2);
+            var hash = bcrypt.hashSync("test", bcrypt.genSaltSync(10));
+            bcrypt.compare("", hash).then(function(res) {
+                assert.strictEqual(res, false, "These hashes should not be equal.");
+                return bcrypt.compare("", "");
+            }).then(function(res) {
+                assert.strictEqual(res, false, "These hashes should not be equal.");
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_compare_invalid_strings: function(assert) {
+            var fullString = 'envy1362987212538';
+            var hash = '$2a$10$XOPbrlUPQdwdJUpSrIF6X.LbE14qsMmKGhM1A8W9iqaG3vv1BD7WC';
+            var wut = ':';
+            Promise.all([
+                bcrypt.compare(fullString, hash).then(function(res) {
+                    assert.ok(res);
+                }),
+                bcrypt.compare(fullString, wut).then(function(res) {
+                    assert.ok(!res);
+                })
+            ]).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_compare_no_params: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.compare().then(function() {
+                fail(assert, 'Should not resolve');
+            }).catch(function(err) {
+                assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'data and hash arguments required', 'Promise should be rejected when no parameters are supplied');
+            }).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_hash_compare_one_param: function(assert) {
+            assert.expect(1);
+            bcrypt.compare('password').then(function() {
+                fail(assert, 'Should not resolve');
+            }).catch(function(err) {
+                assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'data and hash arguments required', 'Promise should be rejected when no parameters are supplied');
+            }).then(function() {
+                assert.done();
+            });
+        },
+        test_change_promise_impl_reject: function(assert) {
+
+          promises.use({
+            reject: function() {
+              return 'mock';
+            }
+          });
+
+          assert.equal(promises.reject(), 'mock');
+
+          // need to reset the promise implementation because of require cache
+          promises.use(global.Promise);
+          assert.done();
+
+        },
+        test_change_promise_impl_promise: function(assert) {
+
+          promises.use({
+            reject: function(err) {
+              assert.equal(err.message, 'fn must be a function');
+              return 'mock';
+            }
+          });
+
+          assert.equal(promises.promise('', '', ''), 'mock');
+
+          // need to reset the promise implementation because of require cache
+          promises.use(global.Promise);
+          assert.done();
+
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/repetitions.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/repetitions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f05b71682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/repetitions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+
+var EXPECTED = 2500; //number of times to iterate these tests...
+
+module.exports = {
+  test_salt_length: function(assert) {
+    assert.expect(EXPECTED);
+    var n = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < EXPECTED; i++) {
+      bcrypt.genSalt(10, function(err, salt) {
+        assert.equals(29, salt.length, "Salt ("+salt+") isn't the correct length. It is: " + salt.length);
+        n++;
+      });
+    }
+
+    function checkVal() {
+        if (n == EXPECTED) {
+          assert.done();
+        } else {
+          setTimeout(checkVal, 100);
+        }
+    }
+    setTimeout(checkVal, 100);
+  },
+  test_hash_length: function(assert) {
+    assert.expect(EXPECTED);
+    var SALT = '$2a$04$TnjywYklQbbZjdjBgBoA4e';
+    var n = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < EXPECTED; i++) {
+      bcrypt.hash('test', SALT, function(err, crypted) {
+        assert.equals(60, crypted.length, "Encrypted ("+crypted+") isn't the correct length. It is: " + crypted.length);
+        n++;
+      });
+    }
+
+    function checkVal() {
+      if (n == EXPECTED) {
+        assert.done();
+      } else {
+        setTimeout(checkVal, 100);
+      }
+    }
+    setTimeout(checkVal, 100);
+  },
+  test_compare: function(assert) {
+    assert.expect(EXPECTED);
+    var HASH = '$2a$04$TnjywYklQbbZjdjBgBoA4e9G7RJt9blgMgsCvUvus4Iv4TENB5nHy';
+    var n = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < EXPECTED; i++) {
+      bcrypt.compare('test', HASH, function(err, match) {
+        assert.equal(true, match, "No match.");
+        n++;
+      });
+    }
+
+    function checkVal() {
+      if (n == EXPECTED) {
+        assert.done();
+      } else {
+        setTimeout(checkVal, 100);
+      }
+    }
+    setTimeout(checkVal, 100);
+  },
+  test_hash_and_compare: function(assert) {
+    assert.expect((EXPECTED-1)*3);
+    var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(4),
+        idx = 0,
+        good_done = false,
+        bad_done = false;
+
+    function next() {
+      return test('secret' + Math.random());
+    }
+
+    function test(password) {
+      idx += 1;
+      return bcrypt.hash(password, salt, function(err, hash) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        //console.log('\nbcrypt iter ' + idx);
+
+        assert.ok(hash);
+
+        bcrypt.compare(password, hash, function(err, res) {
+          //if (err) throw err;
+          assert.ok(res);
+          if (idx >= (EXPECTED-1)) {
+            good_done = true;
+          }
+        });
+
+        bcrypt.compare('bad' + password, hash, function(err, res) {
+          //if (err) throw err;
+          assert.ok(!res);
+          if (idx >= (EXPECTED-1)) {
+            bad_done = true;
+          }
+        });
+
+        if (idx < ((EXPECTED)-1)) {
+          next();
+        } else {
+          function checkDone() {
+            if (idx >= (EXPECTED-1) && good_done && bad_done) {
+              assert.done();
+            } else {
+              setTimeout(checkDone, 100);
+            }
+          }
+
+          setTimeout(checkDone, 100);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    next();
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/sync.js b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/sync.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04998237b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test/sync.js
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+var bcrypt = require('../bcrypt');
+
+module.exports = {
+    test_salt_length: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10);
+        assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_salt_no_params: function(assert) {
+        // same as test_verify_salt except using default rounds of 10
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync();
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_salt_rounds_is_string_number: function(assert) {
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.genSaltSync('10');}, "Should throw an Error. No params.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_salt_rounds_is_NaN: function(assert) {
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.genSaltSync('b');}, "Should throw an Error. gen_salt requires rounds to be a number.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_salt_minor_a: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10, 'a');
+        assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2a');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_salt_minor_b: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10, 'b');
+        assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash: function(assert) {
+        assert.ok(bcrypt.hashSync('password', bcrypt.genSaltSync(10)), "Shouldn't throw an Error.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_rounds: function(assert) {
+        var hash = bcrypt.hashSync('password', 8);
+        assert.strictEqual(bcrypt.getRounds(hash), 8, "Number of rounds should equal 8.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_empty_string: function(assert) {
+        assert.ok(bcrypt.hashSync('', bcrypt.genSaltSync(10)), "Shouldn't throw an Error.");
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.hashSync('password', '')}, "Should have thrown an Error related to the salt.");
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.hashSync('', '')}, "Should have thrown an Error related to the salt.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_pw_no_params: function(assert) {
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.hashSync();}, "Should throw an Error. No Params.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_pw_one_param: function(assert) {
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.hashSync('password');}, "Should throw an Error. No salt.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_pw_not_hash_str: function(assert) {
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.hashSync('password', {});}, "Should throw an Error. hash should be a string or number.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_salt_validity: function(assert) {
+        assert.expect(2);
+        assert.ok(bcrypt.hashSync('password', '$2a$10$somesaltyvaluertsetrse'));
+        assert.throws(function() {
+            bcrypt.hashSync('password', 'some$value');
+        });
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_verify_salt: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10);
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '10');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_verify_salt_min_rounds: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(1);
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '04');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_verify_salt_max_rounds: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(100);
+        var split_salt = salt.split('$');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[1], '2b');
+        assert.strictEqual(split_salt[2], '31');
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_compare: function(assert) {
+        var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10);
+        assert.strictEqual(29, salt.length, "Salt isn't the correct length.");
+        var hash = bcrypt.hashSync("test", salt);
+        assert.ok(bcrypt.compareSync("test", hash), "These hashes should be equal.");
+        assert.ok(!(bcrypt.compareSync("blah", hash)), "These hashes should not be equal.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_compare_empty_strings: function(assert) {
+        assert.ok(!(bcrypt.compareSync("", "password")), "These hashes should not be equal.");
+        assert.ok(!(bcrypt.compareSync("", "")), "These hashes should not be equal.");
+        assert.ok(!(bcrypt.compareSync("password", "")), "These hashes should not be equal.");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_hash_compare_invalid_strings: function(assert) {
+      var fullString = 'envy1362987212538';
+      var hash = '$2a$10$XOPbrlUPQdwdJUpSrIF6X.LbE14qsMmKGhM1A8W9iqaG3vv1BD7WC';
+      var wut = ':';
+      bcrypt.compareSync(fullString, hash, function(err, res) {
+        assert.ok(res);
+      });
+      bcrypt.compareSync(fullString, wut, function(err, res) {
+        assert.ok(!res)
+      });
+      assert.done();
+    },
+    test_getRounds: function(assert) {
+        var hash = bcrypt.hashSync("test", bcrypt.genSaltSync(9));
+        assert.strictEqual(9, bcrypt.getRounds(hash), "getRounds can't extract rounds");
+        assert.done();
+    },
+    test_getRounds: function(assert) {
+        var hash = bcrypt.hashSync("test", bcrypt.genSaltSync(9));
+        assert.strictEqual(9, bcrypt.getRounds(hash), "getRounds can't extract rounds");
+        assert.throws(function() {bcrypt.getRounds(''); }, "Must pass a valid hash to getRounds");
+        assert.done();
+    }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test_alpine.sh b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test_alpine.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f23af5c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bcrypt/test_alpine.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+set -xe
+
+echo "Running on $(node -v)"
+
+apk add make g++ python
+npm test --unsafe-perm
+
+./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp configure
+./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp build
+./node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp package
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/.jshintrc b/backend/node_modules/bl/.jshintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be119b292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/.jshintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+    "predef": [ ]
+  , "bitwise": false
+  , "camelcase": false
+  , "curly": false
+  , "eqeqeq": false
+  , "forin": false
+  , "immed": false
+  , "latedef": false
+  , "noarg": true
+  , "noempty": true
+  , "nonew": true
+  , "plusplus": false
+  , "quotmark": true
+  , "regexp": false
+  , "undef": true
+  , "unused": true
+  , "strict": false
+  , "trailing": true
+  , "maxlen": 120
+  , "asi": true
+  , "boss": true
+  , "debug": true
+  , "eqnull": true
+  , "esnext": false
+  , "evil": true
+  , "expr": true
+  , "funcscope": false
+  , "globalstrict": false
+  , "iterator": false
+  , "lastsemic": true
+  , "laxbreak": true
+  , "laxcomma": true
+  , "loopfunc": true
+  , "multistr": false
+  , "onecase": false
+  , "proto": false
+  , "regexdash": false
+  , "scripturl": true
+  , "smarttabs": false
+  , "shadow": false
+  , "sub": true
+  , "supernew": false
+  , "validthis": true
+  , "browser": true
+  , "couch": false
+  , "devel": false
+  , "dojo": false
+  , "mootools": false
+  , "node": true
+  , "nonstandard": true
+  , "prototypejs": false
+  , "rhino": false
+  , "worker": true
+  , "wsh": false
+  , "nomen": false
+  , "onevar": false
+  , "passfail": false
+  , "esversion": 3
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/bl/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1044a0925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+sudo: false
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - '4'
+  - '6'
+  - '8'
+  - '9'
+  - '10'
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+notifications:
+  email:
+    - rod@vagg.org
+    - matteo.collina@gmail.com
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/bl/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dea757d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+=====================
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2018 bl contributors
+----------------------------------
+
+*bl contributors listed at <https://github.com/rvagg/bl#contributors>*
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/README.md b/backend/node_modules/bl/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79dca3537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+# bl *(BufferList)*
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rvagg/bl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rvagg/bl)
+
+**A Node.js Buffer list collector, reader and streamer thingy.**
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/bl.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/bl/)
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/bl.png?months=6&height=3)](https://nodei.co/npm/bl/)
+
+**bl** is a storage object for collections of Node Buffers, exposing them with the main Buffer readable API. Also works as a duplex stream so you can collect buffers from a stream that emits them and emit buffers to a stream that consumes them!
+
+The original buffers are kept intact and copies are only done as necessary. Any reads that require the use of a single original buffer will return a slice of that buffer only (which references the same memory as the original buffer). Reads that span buffers perform concatenation as required and return the results transparently.
+
+```js
+const BufferList = require('bl')
+
+var bl = new BufferList()
+bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+bl.append('hi')                     // bl will also accept & convert Strings
+bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+bl.append(Buffer.from([ 0x3, 0x4 ]))
+
+console.log(bl.length) // 12
+
+console.log(bl.slice(0, 10).toString('ascii')) // 'abcdefghij'
+console.log(bl.slice(3, 10).toString('ascii')) // 'defghij'
+console.log(bl.slice(3, 6).toString('ascii'))  // 'def'
+console.log(bl.slice(3, 8).toString('ascii'))  // 'defgh'
+console.log(bl.slice(5, 10).toString('ascii')) // 'fghij'
+
+console.log(bl.indexOf('def')) // 3
+console.log(bl.indexOf('asdf')) // -1
+
+// or just use toString!
+console.log(bl.toString())               // 'abcdefghij\u0003\u0004'
+console.log(bl.toString('ascii', 3, 8))  // 'defgh'
+console.log(bl.toString('ascii', 5, 10)) // 'fghij'
+
+// other standard Buffer readables
+console.log(bl.readUInt16BE(10)) // 0x0304
+console.log(bl.readUInt16LE(10)) // 0x0403
+```
+
+Give it a callback in the constructor and use it just like **[concat-stream](https://github.com/maxogden/node-concat-stream)**:
+
+```js
+const bl = require('bl')
+    , fs = require('fs')
+
+fs.createReadStream('README.md')
+  .pipe(bl(function (err, data) { // note 'new' isn't strictly required
+    // `data` is a complete Buffer object containing the full data
+    console.log(data.toString())
+  }))
+```
+
+Note that when you use the *callback* method like this, the resulting `data` parameter is a concatenation of all `Buffer` objects in the list. If you want to avoid the overhead of this concatenation (in cases of extreme performance consciousness), then avoid the *callback* method and just listen to `'end'` instead, like a standard Stream.
+
+Or to fetch a URL using [hyperquest](https://github.com/substack/hyperquest) (should work with [request](http://github.com/mikeal/request) and even plain Node http too!):
+```js
+const hyperquest = require('hyperquest')
+    , bl         = require('bl')
+    , url        = 'https://raw.github.com/rvagg/bl/master/README.md'
+
+hyperquest(url).pipe(bl(function (err, data) {
+  console.log(data.toString())
+}))
+```
+
+Or, use it as a readable stream to recompose a list of Buffers to an output source:
+
+```js
+const BufferList = require('bl')
+    , fs         = require('fs')
+
+var bl = new BufferList()
+bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+bl.append(Buffer.from('hi'))
+bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+
+bl.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('gibberish.txt'))
+```
+
+## API
+
+  * <a href="#ctor"><code><b>new BufferList([ callback ])</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#length"><code>bl.<b>length</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#append"><code>bl.<b>append(buffer)</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#get"><code>bl.<b>get(index)</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#indexOf"><code>bl.<b>indexOf(value[, byteOffset][, encoding])</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#slice"><code>bl.<b>slice([ start[, end ] ])</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#shallowSlice"><code>bl.<b>shallowSlice([ start[, end ] ])</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#copy"><code>bl.<b>copy(dest, [ destStart, [ srcStart [, srcEnd ] ] ])</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#duplicate"><code>bl.<b>duplicate()</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#consume"><code>bl.<b>consume(bytes)</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#toString"><code>bl.<b>toString([encoding, [ start, [ end ]]])</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#readXX"><code>bl.<b>readDoubleBE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readDoubleLE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readFloatBE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readFloatLE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readInt32BE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readInt32LE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readUInt32BE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readUInt32LE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readInt16BE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readInt16LE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readUInt16BE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readUInt16LE()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readInt8()</b></code>, <code>bl.<b>readUInt8()</b></code></a>
+  * <a href="#streams">Streams</a>
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="ctor"></a>
+### new BufferList([ callback | Buffer | Buffer array | BufferList | BufferList array | String ])
+The constructor takes an optional callback, if supplied, the callback will be called with an error argument followed by a reference to the **bl** instance, when `bl.end()` is called (i.e. from a piped stream). This is a convenient method of collecting the entire contents of a stream, particularly when the stream is *chunky*, such as a network stream.
+
+Normally, no arguments are required for the constructor, but you can initialise the list by passing in a single `Buffer` object or an array of `Buffer` object.
+
+`new` is not strictly required, if you don't instantiate a new object, it will be done automatically for you so you can create a new instance simply with:
+
+```js
+var bl = require('bl')
+var myinstance = bl()
+
+// equivalent to:
+
+var BufferList = require('bl')
+var myinstance = new BufferList()
+```
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="length"></a>
+### bl.length
+Get the length of the list in bytes. This is the sum of the lengths of all of the buffers contained in the list, minus any initial offset for a semi-consumed buffer at the beginning. Should accurately represent the total number of bytes that can be read from the list.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="append"></a>
+### bl.append(Buffer | Buffer array | BufferList | BufferList array | String)
+`append(buffer)` adds an additional buffer or BufferList to the internal list. `this` is returned so it can be chained.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="get"></a>
+### bl.get(index)
+`get()` will return the byte at the specified index.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="indexOf"></a>
+### bl.indexOf(value[, byteOffset][, encoding])
+`get()` will return the byte at the specified index.
+`indexOf()` method returns the first index at which a given element can be found in the BufferList, or -1 if it is not present.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="slice"></a>
+### bl.slice([ start, [ end ] ])
+`slice()` returns a new `Buffer` object containing the bytes within the range specified. Both `start` and `end` are optional and will default to the beginning and end of the list respectively.
+
+If the requested range spans a single internal buffer then a slice of that buffer will be returned which shares the original memory range of that Buffer. If the range spans multiple buffers then copy operations will likely occur to give you a uniform Buffer.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="shallowSlice"></a>
+### bl.shallowSlice([ start, [ end ] ])
+`shallowSlice()` returns a new `BufferList` object containing the bytes within the range specified. Both `start` and `end` are optional and will default to the beginning and end of the list respectively.
+
+No copies will be performed. All buffers in the result share memory with the original list.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="copy"></a>
+### bl.copy(dest, [ destStart, [ srcStart [, srcEnd ] ] ])
+`copy()` copies the content of the list in the `dest` buffer, starting from `destStart` and containing the bytes within the range specified with `srcStart` to `srcEnd`. `destStart`, `start` and `end` are optional and will default to the beginning of the `dest` buffer, and the beginning and end of the list respectively.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="duplicate"></a>
+### bl.duplicate()
+`duplicate()` performs a **shallow-copy** of the list. The internal Buffers remains the same, so if you change the underlying Buffers, the change will be reflected in both the original and the duplicate. This method is needed if you want to call `consume()` or `pipe()` and still keep the original list.Example:
+
+```js
+var bl = new BufferList()
+
+bl.append('hello')
+bl.append(' world')
+bl.append('\n')
+
+bl.duplicate().pipe(process.stdout, { end: false })
+
+console.log(bl.toString())
+```
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="consume"></a>
+### bl.consume(bytes)
+`consume()` will shift bytes *off the start of the list*. The number of bytes consumed don't need to line up with the sizes of the internal Buffers&mdash;initial offsets will be calculated accordingly in order to give you a consistent view of the data.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="toString"></a>
+### bl.toString([encoding, [ start, [ end ]]])
+`toString()` will return a string representation of the buffer. The optional `start` and `end` arguments are passed on to `slice()`, while the `encoding` is passed on to `toString()` of the resulting Buffer. See the [Buffer#toString()](http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/buffer.html#buffer_buf_tostring_encoding_start_end) documentation for more information.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="readXX"></a>
+### bl.readDoubleBE(), bl.readDoubleLE(), bl.readFloatBE(), bl.readFloatLE(), bl.readInt32BE(), bl.readInt32LE(), bl.readUInt32BE(), bl.readUInt32LE(), bl.readInt16BE(), bl.readInt16LE(), bl.readUInt16BE(), bl.readUInt16LE(), bl.readInt8(), bl.readUInt8()
+
+All of the standard byte-reading methods of the `Buffer` interface are implemented and will operate across internal Buffer boundaries transparently.
+
+See the <b><code>[Buffer](http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/buffer.html)</code></b> documentation for how these work.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+<a name="streams"></a>
+### Streams
+**bl** is a Node **[Duplex Stream](http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex)**, so it can be read from and written to like a standard Node stream. You can also `pipe()` to and from a **bl** instance.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+## Contributors
+
+**bl** is brought to you by the following hackers:
+
+ * [Rod Vagg](https://github.com/rvagg)
+ * [Matteo Collina](https://github.com/mcollina)
+ * [Jarett Cruger](https://github.com/jcrugzz)
+
+=======
+
+<a name="license"></a>
+## License &amp; copyright
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2018 bl contributors (listed above).
+
+bl is licensed under the MIT license. All rights not explicitly granted in the MIT license are reserved. See the included LICENSE.md file for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/bl.js b/backend/node_modules/bl/bl.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52c374050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/bl.js
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+'use strict'
+var DuplexStream = require('readable-stream').Duplex
+  , util         = require('util')
+  , Buffer       = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+
+function BufferList (callback) {
+  if (!(this instanceof BufferList))
+    return new BufferList(callback)
+
+  this._bufs  = []
+  this.length = 0
+
+  if (typeof callback == 'function') {
+    this._callback = callback
+
+    var piper = function piper (err) {
+      if (this._callback) {
+        this._callback(err)
+        this._callback = null
+      }
+    }.bind(this)
+
+    this.on('pipe', function onPipe (src) {
+      src.on('error', piper)
+    })
+    this.on('unpipe', function onUnpipe (src) {
+      src.removeListener('error', piper)
+    })
+  } else {
+    this.append(callback)
+  }
+
+  DuplexStream.call(this)
+}
+
+
+util.inherits(BufferList, DuplexStream)
+
+
+BufferList.prototype._offset = function _offset (offset) {
+  var tot = 0, i = 0, _t
+  if (offset === 0) return [ 0, 0 ]
+  for (; i < this._bufs.length; i++) {
+    _t = tot + this._bufs[i].length
+    if (offset < _t || i == this._bufs.length - 1) {
+      return [ i, offset - tot ]
+    }
+    tot = _t
+  }
+}
+
+BufferList.prototype._reverseOffset = function (blOffset) {
+  var bufferId = blOffset[0]
+  var offset = blOffset[1]
+  for (var i = 0; i < bufferId; i++) {
+    offset += this._bufs[i].length
+  }
+  return offset
+}
+
+BufferList.prototype.append = function append (buf) {
+  var i = 0
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) {
+    this._appendBuffer(buf)
+  } else if (Array.isArray(buf)) {
+    for (; i < buf.length; i++)
+      this.append(buf[i])
+  } else if (buf instanceof BufferList) {
+    // unwrap argument into individual BufferLists
+    for (; i < buf._bufs.length; i++)
+      this.append(buf._bufs[i])
+  } else if (buf != null) {
+    // coerce number arguments to strings, since Buffer(number) does
+    // uninitialized memory allocation
+    if (typeof buf == 'number')
+      buf = buf.toString()
+
+    this._appendBuffer(Buffer.from(buf))
+  }
+
+  return this
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype._appendBuffer = function appendBuffer (buf) {
+  this._bufs.push(buf)
+  this.length += buf.length
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype._write = function _write (buf, encoding, callback) {
+  this._appendBuffer(buf)
+
+  if (typeof callback == 'function')
+    callback()
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype._read = function _read (size) {
+  if (!this.length)
+    return this.push(null)
+
+  size = Math.min(size, this.length)
+  this.push(this.slice(0, size))
+  this.consume(size)
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.end = function end (chunk) {
+  DuplexStream.prototype.end.call(this, chunk)
+
+  if (this._callback) {
+    this._callback(null, this.slice())
+    this._callback = null
+  }
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.get = function get (index) {
+  if (index > this.length || index < 0) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+  var offset = this._offset(index)
+  return this._bufs[offset[0]][offset[1]]
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.slice = function slice (start, end) {
+  if (typeof start == 'number' && start < 0)
+    start += this.length
+  if (typeof end == 'number' && end < 0)
+    end += this.length
+  return this.copy(null, 0, start, end)
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.copy = function copy (dst, dstStart, srcStart, srcEnd) {
+  if (typeof srcStart != 'number' || srcStart < 0)
+    srcStart = 0
+  if (typeof srcEnd != 'number' || srcEnd > this.length)
+    srcEnd = this.length
+  if (srcStart >= this.length)
+    return dst || Buffer.alloc(0)
+  if (srcEnd <= 0)
+    return dst || Buffer.alloc(0)
+
+  var copy   = !!dst
+    , off    = this._offset(srcStart)
+    , len    = srcEnd - srcStart
+    , bytes  = len
+    , bufoff = (copy && dstStart) || 0
+    , start  = off[1]
+    , l
+    , i
+
+  // copy/slice everything
+  if (srcStart === 0 && srcEnd == this.length) {
+    if (!copy) { // slice, but full concat if multiple buffers
+      return this._bufs.length === 1
+        ? this._bufs[0]
+        : Buffer.concat(this._bufs, this.length)
+    }
+
+    // copy, need to copy individual buffers
+    for (i = 0; i < this._bufs.length; i++) {
+      this._bufs[i].copy(dst, bufoff)
+      bufoff += this._bufs[i].length
+    }
+
+    return dst
+  }
+
+  // easy, cheap case where it's a subset of one of the buffers
+  if (bytes <= this._bufs[off[0]].length - start) {
+    return copy
+      ? this._bufs[off[0]].copy(dst, dstStart, start, start + bytes)
+      : this._bufs[off[0]].slice(start, start + bytes)
+  }
+
+  if (!copy) // a slice, we need something to copy in to
+    dst = Buffer.allocUnsafe(len)
+
+  for (i = off[0]; i < this._bufs.length; i++) {
+    l = this._bufs[i].length - start
+
+    if (bytes > l) {
+      this._bufs[i].copy(dst, bufoff, start)
+      bufoff += l
+    } else {
+      this._bufs[i].copy(dst, bufoff, start, start + bytes)
+      bufoff += l
+      break
+    }
+
+    bytes -= l
+
+    if (start)
+      start = 0
+  }
+
+  // safeguard so that we don't return uninitialized memory
+  if (dst.length > bufoff) return dst.slice(0, bufoff)
+
+  return dst
+}
+
+BufferList.prototype.shallowSlice = function shallowSlice (start, end) {
+  start = start || 0
+  end = typeof end !== 'number' ? this.length : end
+
+  if (start < 0)
+    start += this.length
+  if (end < 0)
+    end += this.length
+
+  if (start === end) {
+    return new BufferList()
+  }
+  var startOffset = this._offset(start)
+    , endOffset = this._offset(end)
+    , buffers = this._bufs.slice(startOffset[0], endOffset[0] + 1)
+
+  if (endOffset[1] == 0)
+    buffers.pop()
+  else
+    buffers[buffers.length-1] = buffers[buffers.length-1].slice(0, endOffset[1])
+
+  if (startOffset[1] != 0)
+    buffers[0] = buffers[0].slice(startOffset[1])
+
+  return new BufferList(buffers)
+}
+
+BufferList.prototype.toString = function toString (encoding, start, end) {
+  return this.slice(start, end).toString(encoding)
+}
+
+BufferList.prototype.consume = function consume (bytes) {
+  // first, normalize the argument, in accordance with how Buffer does it
+  bytes = Math.trunc(bytes)
+  // do nothing if not a positive number
+  if (Number.isNaN(bytes) || bytes <= 0) return this
+
+  while (this._bufs.length) {
+    if (bytes >= this._bufs[0].length) {
+      bytes -= this._bufs[0].length
+      this.length -= this._bufs[0].length
+      this._bufs.shift()
+    } else {
+      this._bufs[0] = this._bufs[0].slice(bytes)
+      this.length -= bytes
+      break
+    }
+  }
+  return this
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.duplicate = function duplicate () {
+  var i = 0
+    , copy = new BufferList()
+
+  for (; i < this._bufs.length; i++)
+    copy.append(this._bufs[i])
+
+  return copy
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.destroy = function destroy () {
+  this._bufs.length = 0
+  this.length = 0
+  this.push(null)
+}
+
+
+BufferList.prototype.indexOf = function (search, offset, encoding) {
+  if (encoding === undefined && typeof offset === 'string') {
+    encoding = offset
+    offset = undefined
+  }
+  if (typeof search === 'function' || Array.isArray(search)) {
+    throw new TypeError('The "value" argument must be one of type string, Buffer, BufferList, or Uint8Array.')
+  } else if (typeof search === 'number') {
+      search = Buffer.from([search])
+  } else if (typeof search === 'string') {
+    search = Buffer.from(search, encoding)
+  } else if (search instanceof BufferList) {
+    search = search.slice()
+  } else if (!Buffer.isBuffer(search)) {
+    search = Buffer.from(search)
+  }
+
+  offset = Number(offset || 0)
+  if (isNaN(offset)) {
+    offset = 0
+  }
+
+  if (offset < 0) {
+    offset = this.length + offset
+  }
+
+  if (offset < 0) {
+    offset = 0
+  }
+
+  if (search.length === 0) {
+    return offset > this.length ? this.length : offset
+  }
+
+  var blOffset = this._offset(offset)
+  var blIndex = blOffset[0] // index of which internal buffer we're working on
+  var buffOffset = blOffset[1] // offset of the internal buffer we're working on
+
+  // scan over each buffer
+  for (blIndex; blIndex < this._bufs.length; blIndex++) {
+    var buff = this._bufs[blIndex]
+    while(buffOffset < buff.length) {
+      var availableWindow = buff.length - buffOffset
+      if (availableWindow >= search.length) {
+        var nativeSearchResult = buff.indexOf(search, buffOffset)
+        if (nativeSearchResult !== -1) {
+          return this._reverseOffset([blIndex, nativeSearchResult])
+        }
+        buffOffset = buff.length - search.length + 1 // end of native search window
+      } else {
+        var revOffset = this._reverseOffset([blIndex, buffOffset])
+        if (this._match(revOffset, search)) {
+          return revOffset
+        }
+        buffOffset++
+      }
+    }
+    buffOffset = 0
+  }
+  return -1
+}
+
+BufferList.prototype._match = function(offset, search) {
+  if (this.length - offset < search.length) {
+    return false
+  }
+  for (var searchOffset = 0; searchOffset < search.length ; searchOffset++) {
+    if(this.get(offset + searchOffset) !== search[searchOffset]){
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+
+;(function () {
+  var methods = {
+      'readDoubleBE' : 8
+    , 'readDoubleLE' : 8
+    , 'readFloatBE'  : 4
+    , 'readFloatLE'  : 4
+    , 'readInt32BE'  : 4
+    , 'readInt32LE'  : 4
+    , 'readUInt32BE' : 4
+    , 'readUInt32LE' : 4
+    , 'readInt16BE'  : 2
+    , 'readInt16LE'  : 2
+    , 'readUInt16BE' : 2
+    , 'readUInt16LE' : 2
+    , 'readInt8'     : 1
+    , 'readUInt8'    : 1
+    , 'readIntBE'    : null
+    , 'readIntLE'    : null
+    , 'readUIntBE'   : null
+    , 'readUIntLE'   : null
+  }
+
+  for (var m in methods) {
+    (function (m) {
+      if (methods[m] === null) {
+        BufferList.prototype[m] = function (offset, byteLength) {
+          return this.slice(offset, offset + byteLength)[m](0, byteLength)
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        BufferList.prototype[m] = function (offset) {
+          return this.slice(offset, offset + methods[m])[m](0)
+        }
+      }
+    }(m))
+  }
+}())
+
+
+module.exports = BufferList
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/package.json b/backend/node_modules/bl/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f15158a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "bl@^2.2.1",
+  "_id": "bl@2.2.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-6Pesp1w0DEX1N550i/uGV/TqucVL4AM/pgThFSN/Qq9si1/DF9aIHs1BxD8V/QU0HoeHO6cQRTAuYnLPKq1e4g==",
+  "_location": "/bl",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "bl@^2.2.1",
+    "name": "bl",
+    "escapedName": "bl",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.2.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.2.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongodb"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bl/-/bl-2.2.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "8c11a7b730655c5d56898cdc871224f40fd901d5",
+  "_spec": "bl@^2.2.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongodb",
+  "authors": [
+    "Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org> (https://github.com/rvagg)",
+    "Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com> (https://github.com/mcollina)",
+    "Jarett Cruger <jcrugzz@gmail.com> (https://github.com/jcrugzz)"
+  ],
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/rvagg/bl/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "readable-stream": "^2.3.5",
+    "safe-buffer": "^5.1.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Buffer List: collect buffers and access with a standard readable Buffer interface, streamable too!",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "faucet": "0.0.1",
+    "hash_file": "~0.1.1",
+    "tape": "~4.9.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/rvagg/bl",
+  "keywords": [
+    "buffer",
+    "buffers",
+    "stream",
+    "awesomesauce"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "bl.js",
+  "name": "bl",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/rvagg/bl.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test/test.js | faucet"
+  },
+  "version": "2.2.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/test/indexOf.js b/backend/node_modules/bl/test/indexOf.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68435e1ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/test/indexOf.js
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+'use strict'
+
+var tape       = require('tape')
+  , BufferList = require('../')
+  , Buffer     = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+
+tape('indexOf single byte needle', t => {
+  const bl = new BufferList(['abcdefg', 'abcdefg', '12345'])
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('e'), 4)
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('e', 5), 11)
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('e', 12), -1)
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('5'), 18)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('indexOf multiple byte needle', t => {
+  const bl = new BufferList(['abcdefg', 'abcdefg'])
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('ef'), 4)
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('ef', 5), 11)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('indexOf multiple byte needles across buffer boundaries', t => {
+  const bl = new BufferList(['abcdefg', 'abcdefg'])
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('fgabc'), 5)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('indexOf takes a buffer list search', t => {
+  const bl = new BufferList(['abcdefg', 'abcdefg'])
+  const search = new BufferList('fgabc')
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf(search), 5)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('indexOf a zero byte needle', t => {
+  const b = new BufferList('abcdef')
+  const buf_empty = Buffer.from('')
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(''), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('', 1), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('', b.length + 1), b.length)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('', Infinity), b.length)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_empty), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_empty, 1), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_empty, b.length + 1), b.length)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_empty, Infinity), b.length)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('indexOf buffers smaller and larger than the needle', t => {
+  const bl = new BufferList(['abcdefg', 'a', 'bcdefg', 'a', 'bcfgab'])
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('fgabc'), 5)
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('fgabc', 6), 12)
+  t.equal(bl.indexOf('fgabc', 13), -1)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+// only present in node 6+
+;(process.version.substr(1).split('.')[0] >= 6) && tape('indexOf latin1 and binary encoding', t => {
+  const b = new BufferList('abcdef')
+
+  // test latin1 encoding
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from(b.toString('latin1'), 'latin1'))
+      .indexOf('d', 0, 'latin1'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from(b.toString('latin1'), 'latin1'))
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('d', 'latin1'), 0, 'latin1'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from('aa\u00e8aa', 'latin1'))
+      .indexOf('\u00e8', 'latin1'),
+    2
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from('\u00e8', 'latin1'))
+      .indexOf('\u00e8', 'latin1'),
+    0
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from('\u00e8', 'latin1'))
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('\u00e8', 'latin1'), 'latin1'),
+    0
+  )
+
+  // test binary encoding
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from(b.toString('binary'), 'binary'))
+      .indexOf('d', 0, 'binary'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from(b.toString('binary'), 'binary'))
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('d', 'binary'), 0, 'binary'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from('aa\u00e8aa', 'binary'))
+      .indexOf('\u00e8', 'binary'),
+    2
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from('\u00e8', 'binary'))
+      .indexOf('\u00e8', 'binary'),
+    0
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    new BufferList(Buffer.from('\u00e8', 'binary'))
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('\u00e8', 'binary'), 'binary'),
+    0
+  )
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('indexOf the entire nodejs10 buffer test suite', t => {
+  const b = new BufferList('abcdef')
+  const buf_a = Buffer.from('a')
+  const buf_bc = Buffer.from('bc')
+  const buf_f = Buffer.from('f')
+  const buf_z = Buffer.from('z')
+
+  const stringComparison = 'abcdef'
+
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a'), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', 1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', -1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', -4), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', -b.length), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', NaN), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', -Infinity), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('a', Infinity), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc'), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', 2), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', -1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', -3), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', -5), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', NaN), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', -Infinity), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('bc', Infinity), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('f'), b.length - 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('z'), -1)
+  // empty search tests
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, 1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, -1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, -4), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, -b.length), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, NaN), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, -Infinity), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_a, Infinity), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, 2), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, -1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, -3), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, -5), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, NaN), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, -Infinity), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_bc, Infinity), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_f), b.length - 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(buf_z), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, 1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, -1), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, -4), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, -b.length), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, NaN), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, -Infinity), 0)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, Infinity), -1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(0x0), -1)
+
+  // test offsets
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('d', 2), 3)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('f', 5), 5)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('f', -1), 5)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('f', 6), -1)
+
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer.from('d'), 2), 3)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer.from('f'), 5), 5)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer.from('f'), -1), 5)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer.from('f'), 6), -1)
+
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('ff').indexOf(Buffer.from('f'), 1, 'ucs2'), -1)
+
+  // test invalid and uppercase encoding
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', 'utf8'), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', 'UTF8'), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('62', 'HEX'), 1)
+  t.throws(() => b.indexOf('bad', 'enc'), TypeError)
+
+  // test hex encoding
+  t.equal(
+    Buffer.from(b.toString('hex'), 'hex')
+      .indexOf('64', 0, 'hex'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    Buffer.from(b.toString('hex'), 'hex')
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('64', 'hex'), 0, 'hex'),
+    3
+  )
+
+  // test base64 encoding
+  t.equal(
+    Buffer.from(b.toString('base64'), 'base64')
+      .indexOf('ZA==', 0, 'base64'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    Buffer.from(b.toString('base64'), 'base64')
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('ZA==', 'base64'), 0, 'base64'),
+    3
+  )
+
+  // test ascii encoding
+  t.equal(
+    Buffer.from(b.toString('ascii'), 'ascii')
+      .indexOf('d', 0, 'ascii'),
+    3
+  )
+  t.equal(
+    Buffer.from(b.toString('ascii'), 'ascii')
+      .indexOf(Buffer.from('d', 'ascii'), 0, 'ascii'),
+    3
+  )
+
+  // test optional offset with passed encoding
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('aaaa0').indexOf('30', 'hex'), 4)
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('aaaa00a').indexOf('3030', 'hex'), 4)
+
+  {
+    // test usc2 encoding
+    const twoByteString = Buffer.from('\u039a\u0391\u03a3\u03a3\u0395', 'ucs2')
+
+    t.equal(8, twoByteString.indexOf('\u0395', 4, 'ucs2'))
+    t.equal(6, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', -4, 'ucs2'))
+    t.equal(4, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', -6, 'ucs2'))
+    t.equal(4, twoByteString.indexOf(
+      Buffer.from('\u03a3', 'ucs2'), -6, 'ucs2'))
+    t.equal(-1, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', -2, 'ucs2'))
+  }
+
+  const mixedByteStringUcs2 =
+      Buffer.from('\u039a\u0391abc\u03a3\u03a3\u0395', 'ucs2')
+  t.equal(6, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf('bc', 0, 'ucs2'))
+  t.equal(10, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf('\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2'))
+  t.equal(-1, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf('\u0396', 0, 'ucs2'))
+
+  t.equal(
+    6, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf(Buffer.from('bc', 'ucs2'), 0, 'ucs2'))
+  t.equal(
+    10, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf(Buffer.from('\u03a3', 'ucs2'), 0, 'ucs2'))
+  t.equal(
+    -1, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf(Buffer.from('\u0396', 'ucs2'), 0, 'ucs2'))
+
+  {
+    const twoByteString = Buffer.from('\u039a\u0391\u03a3\u03a3\u0395', 'ucs2')
+
+    // Test single char pattern
+    t.equal(0, twoByteString.indexOf('\u039a', 0, 'ucs2'))
+    let index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u0391', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(2, index, `Alpha - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(4, index, `First Sigma - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', 6, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(6, index, `Second Sigma - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u0395', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(8, index, `Epsilon - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u0392', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(-1, index, `Not beta - at index ${index}`)
+
+    // Test multi-char pattern
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u039a\u0391', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(0, index, `Lambda Alpha - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u0391\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(2, index, `Alpha Sigma - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(4, index, `Sigma Sigma - at index ${index}`)
+    index = twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3\u0395', 0, 'ucs2')
+    t.equal(6, index, `Sigma Epsilon - at index ${index}`)
+  }
+
+  const mixedByteStringUtf8 = Buffer.from('\u039a\u0391abc\u03a3\u03a3\u0395')
+  t.equal(5, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('bc'))
+  t.equal(5, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('bc', 5))
+  t.equal(5, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('bc', -8))
+  t.equal(7, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('\u03a3'))
+  t.equal(-1, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('\u0396'))
+
+
+  // Test complex string indexOf algorithms. Only trigger for long strings.
+  // Long string that isn't a simple repeat of a shorter string.
+  let longString = 'A'
+  for (let i = 66; i < 76; i++) {  // from 'B' to 'K'
+    longString = longString + String.fromCharCode(i) + longString
+  }
+
+  const longBufferString = Buffer.from(longString)
+
+  // pattern of 15 chars, repeated every 16 chars in long
+  let pattern = 'ABACABADABACABA'
+  for (let i = 0; i < longBufferString.length - pattern.length; i += 7) {
+    const index = longBufferString.indexOf(pattern, i)
+    t.equal((i + 15) & ~0xf, index,
+                      `Long ABACABA...-string at index ${i}`)
+  }
+
+  let index = longBufferString.indexOf('AJABACA')
+  t.equal(510, index, `Long AJABACA, First J - at index ${index}`)
+  index = longBufferString.indexOf('AJABACA', 511)
+  t.equal(1534, index, `Long AJABACA, Second J - at index ${index}`)
+
+  pattern = 'JABACABADABACABA'
+  index = longBufferString.indexOf(pattern)
+  t.equal(511, index, `Long JABACABA..., First J - at index ${index}`)
+  index = longBufferString.indexOf(pattern, 512)
+  t.equal(
+    1535, index, `Long JABACABA..., Second J - at index ${index}`)
+
+  // Search for a non-ASCII string in a pure ASCII string.
+  const asciiString = Buffer.from(
+    'arglebargleglopglyfarglebargleglopglyfarglebargleglopglyf')
+  t.equal(-1, asciiString.indexOf('\x2061'))
+  t.equal(3, asciiString.indexOf('leb', 0))
+
+  // Search in string containing many non-ASCII chars.
+  const allCodePoints = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < 65536; i++) allCodePoints[i] = i
+  const allCharsString = String.fromCharCode.apply(String, allCodePoints)
+  const allCharsBufferUtf8 = Buffer.from(allCharsString)
+  const allCharsBufferUcs2 = Buffer.from(allCharsString, 'ucs2')
+
+  // Search for string long enough to trigger complex search with ASCII pattern
+  // and UC16 subject.
+  t.equal(-1, allCharsBufferUtf8.indexOf('notfound'))
+  t.equal(-1, allCharsBufferUcs2.indexOf('notfound'))
+
+  // Needle is longer than haystack, but only because it's encoded as UTF-16
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('aaaa').indexOf('a'.repeat(4), 'ucs2'), -1)
+
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('aaaa').indexOf('a'.repeat(4), 'utf8'), 0)
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('aaaa').indexOf('你好', 'ucs2'), -1)
+
+  // Haystack has odd length, but the needle is UCS2.
+  t.equal(Buffer.from('aaaaa').indexOf('b', 'ucs2'), -1)
+
+  {
+    // Find substrings in Utf8.
+    const lengths = [1, 3, 15];  // Single char, simple and complex.
+    const indices = [0x5, 0x60, 0x400, 0x680, 0x7ee, 0xFF02, 0x16610, 0x2f77b]
+    for (let lengthIndex = 0; lengthIndex < lengths.length; lengthIndex++) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
+        const index = indices[i]
+        let length = lengths[lengthIndex]
+
+        if (index + length > 0x7F) {
+          length = 2 * length
+        }
+
+        if (index + length > 0x7FF) {
+          length = 3 * length
+        }
+
+        if (index + length > 0xFFFF) {
+          length = 4 * length
+        }
+
+        const patternBufferUtf8 = allCharsBufferUtf8.slice(index, index + length)
+        t.equal(index, allCharsBufferUtf8.indexOf(patternBufferUtf8))
+
+        const patternStringUtf8 = patternBufferUtf8.toString()
+        t.equal(index, allCharsBufferUtf8.indexOf(patternStringUtf8))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Find substrings in Usc2.
+    const lengths = [2, 4, 16];  // Single char, simple and complex.
+    const indices = [0x5, 0x65, 0x105, 0x205, 0x285, 0x2005, 0x2085, 0xfff0]
+    for (let lengthIndex = 0; lengthIndex < lengths.length; lengthIndex++) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
+        const index = indices[i] * 2
+        const length = lengths[lengthIndex]
+
+        const patternBufferUcs2 =
+            allCharsBufferUcs2.slice(index, index + length)
+        t.equal(
+          index, allCharsBufferUcs2.indexOf(patternBufferUcs2, 0, 'ucs2'))
+
+        const patternStringUcs2 = patternBufferUcs2.toString('ucs2')
+        t.equal(
+          index, allCharsBufferUcs2.indexOf(patternStringUcs2, 0, 'ucs2'))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [
+    () => {},
+    {},
+    []
+  ].forEach(val => {
+    debugger
+    t.throws(() => b.indexOf(val), TypeError, `"${JSON.stringify(val)}" should throw`)
+  })
+
+  // Test weird offset arguments.
+  // The following offsets coerce to NaN or 0, searching the whole Buffer
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', undefined), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', {}), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', 0), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', null), 1)
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', []), 1)
+
+  // The following offset coerces to 2, in other words +[2] === 2
+  t.equal(b.indexOf('b', [2]), -1)
+
+  // Behavior should match String.indexOf()
+  t.equal(
+    b.indexOf('b', undefined),
+    stringComparison.indexOf('b', undefined))
+  t.equal(
+    b.indexOf('b', {}),
+    stringComparison.indexOf('b', {}))
+  t.equal(
+    b.indexOf('b', 0),
+    stringComparison.indexOf('b', 0))
+  t.equal(
+    b.indexOf('b', null),
+    stringComparison.indexOf('b', null))
+  t.equal(
+    b.indexOf('b', []),
+    stringComparison.indexOf('b', []))
+  t.equal(
+    b.indexOf('b', [2]),
+    stringComparison.indexOf('b', [2]))
+
+  // test truncation of Number arguments to uint8
+  {
+    const buf = Buffer.from('this is a test')
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x6973), 3)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x697320), 4)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x69732069), 2)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x697374657374), 0)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x69737374), 0)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x69737465), 11)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0x69737465), 11)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(-140), 0)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(-152), 1)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0xff), -1)
+    t.equal(buf.indexOf(0xffff), -1)
+  }
+
+  // Test that Uint8Array arguments are okay.
+  {
+    const needle = new Uint8Array([ 0x66, 0x6f, 0x6f ])
+    const haystack = new BufferList(Buffer.from('a foo b foo'))
+    t.equal(haystack.indexOf(needle), 2)
+  }
+  t.end()
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bl/test/test.js b/backend/node_modules/bl/test/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42fcad419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bl/test/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+'use strict'
+
+var tape       = require('tape')
+  , crypto     = require('crypto')
+  , fs         = require('fs')
+  , hash       = require('hash_file')
+  , BufferList = require('../')
+  , Buffer     = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+
+  , encodings  =
+      ('hex utf8 utf-8 ascii binary base64'
+          + (process.browser ? '' : ' ucs2 ucs-2 utf16le utf-16le')).split(' ')
+
+// run the indexOf tests
+require('./indexOf')
+
+tape('single bytes from single buffer', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 4)
+  t.equal(bl.get(-1), undefined)
+  t.equal(bl.get(0), 97)
+  t.equal(bl.get(1), 98)
+  t.equal(bl.get(2), 99)
+  t.equal(bl.get(3), 100)
+  t.equal(bl.get(4), undefined)
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('single bytes from multiple buffers', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('hi'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 10)
+
+  t.equal(bl.get(0), 97)
+  t.equal(bl.get(1), 98)
+  t.equal(bl.get(2), 99)
+  t.equal(bl.get(3), 100)
+  t.equal(bl.get(4), 101)
+  t.equal(bl.get(5), 102)
+  t.equal(bl.get(6), 103)
+  t.equal(bl.get(7), 104)
+  t.equal(bl.get(8), 105)
+  t.equal(bl.get(9), 106)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('multi bytes from single buffer', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 4)
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 4).toString('ascii'), 'abcd')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 3).toString('ascii'), 'abc')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(1, 4).toString('ascii'), 'bcd')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(-4, -1).toString('ascii'), 'abc')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('multi bytes from single buffer (negative indexes)', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('buffer'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 6)
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(-6, -1).toString('ascii'), 'buffe')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(-6, -2).toString('ascii'), 'buff')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(-5, -2).toString('ascii'), 'uff')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('multiple bytes from multiple buffers', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('hi'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 10)
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 10).toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghij')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 10).toString('ascii'), 'defghij')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 6).toString('ascii'), 'def')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 8).toString('ascii'), 'defgh')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(5, 10).toString('ascii'), 'fghij')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(-7, -4).toString('ascii'), 'def')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('multiple bytes from multiple buffer lists', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+
+  bl.append(new BufferList([ Buffer.from('abcd'), Buffer.from('efg') ]))
+  bl.append(new BufferList([ Buffer.from('hi'), Buffer.from('j') ]))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 10)
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 10).toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghij')
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 10).toString('ascii'), 'defghij')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 6).toString('ascii'), 'def')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 8).toString('ascii'), 'defgh')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(5, 10).toString('ascii'), 'fghij')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+// same data as previous test, just using nested constructors
+tape('multiple bytes from crazy nested buffer lists', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+
+  bl.append(new BufferList([
+      new BufferList([
+          new BufferList(Buffer.from('abc'))
+        , Buffer.from('d')
+        , new BufferList(Buffer.from('efg'))
+      ])
+    , new BufferList([ Buffer.from('hi') ])
+    , new BufferList(Buffer.from('j'))
+  ]))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 10)
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 10).toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghij')
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 10).toString('ascii'), 'defghij')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 6).toString('ascii'), 'def')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(3, 8).toString('ascii'), 'defgh')
+  t.equal(bl.slice(5, 10).toString('ascii'), 'fghij')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('append accepts arrays of Buffers', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abc'))
+  bl.append([ Buffer.from('def') ])
+  bl.append([ Buffer.from('ghi'), Buffer.from('jkl') ])
+  bl.append([ Buffer.from('mnop'), Buffer.from('qrstu'), Buffer.from('vwxyz') ])
+  t.equal(bl.length, 26)
+  t.equal(bl.slice().toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('append accepts arrays of BufferLists', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abc'))
+  bl.append([ new BufferList('def') ])
+  bl.append(new BufferList([ Buffer.from('ghi'), new BufferList('jkl') ]))
+  bl.append([ Buffer.from('mnop'), new BufferList([ Buffer.from('qrstu'), Buffer.from('vwxyz') ]) ])
+  t.equal(bl.length, 26)
+  t.equal(bl.slice().toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('append chainable', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  t.ok(bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd')) === bl)
+  t.ok(bl.append([ Buffer.from('abcd') ]) === bl)
+  t.ok(bl.append(new BufferList(Buffer.from('abcd'))) === bl)
+  t.ok(bl.append([ new BufferList(Buffer.from('abcd')) ]) === bl)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('append chainable (test results)', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList('abc')
+    .append([ new BufferList('def') ])
+    .append(new BufferList([ Buffer.from('ghi'), new BufferList('jkl') ]))
+    .append([ Buffer.from('mnop'), new BufferList([ Buffer.from('qrstu'), Buffer.from('vwxyz') ]) ])
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 26)
+  t.equal(bl.slice().toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('consuming from multiple buffers', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('hi'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 10)
+
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 10).toString('ascii'), 'abcdefghij')
+
+  bl.consume(3)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 7)
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 7).toString('ascii'), 'defghij')
+
+  bl.consume(2)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 5)
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 5).toString('ascii'), 'fghij')
+
+  bl.consume(1)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 4)
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 4).toString('ascii'), 'ghij')
+
+  bl.consume(1)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 3)
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 3).toString('ascii'), 'hij')
+
+  bl.consume(2)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 1)
+  t.equal(bl.slice(0, 1).toString('ascii'), 'j')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('complete consumption', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('a'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('b'))
+
+  bl.consume(2)
+
+  t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+  t.equal(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test readUInt8 / readInt8', function (t) {
+  var buf1 = Buffer.alloc(1)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , buf3 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , bl  = new BufferList()
+
+  buf2[1] = 0x3
+  buf2[2] = 0x4
+  buf3[0] = 0x23
+  buf3[1] = 0x42
+
+  bl.append(buf1)
+  bl.append(buf2)
+  bl.append(buf3)
+
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt8(2), 0x3)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt8(2), 0x3)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt8(3), 0x4)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt8(3), 0x4)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt8(4), 0x23)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt8(4), 0x23)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt8(5), 0x42)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt8(5), 0x42)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test readUInt16LE / readUInt16BE / readInt16LE / readInt16BE', function (t) {
+  var buf1 = Buffer.alloc(1)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , buf3 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , bl   = new BufferList()
+
+  buf2[1] = 0x3
+  buf2[2] = 0x4
+  buf3[0] = 0x23
+  buf3[1] = 0x42
+
+  bl.append(buf1)
+  bl.append(buf2)
+  bl.append(buf3)
+
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt16BE(2), 0x0304)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt16LE(2), 0x0403)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt16BE(2), 0x0304)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt16LE(2), 0x0403)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt16BE(3), 0x0423)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt16LE(3), 0x2304)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt16BE(3), 0x0423)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt16LE(3), 0x2304)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt16BE(4), 0x2342)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt16LE(4), 0x4223)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt16BE(4), 0x2342)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt16LE(4), 0x4223)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test readUInt32LE / readUInt32BE / readInt32LE / readInt32BE', function (t) {
+  var buf1 = Buffer.alloc(1)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , buf3 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , bl   = new BufferList()
+
+  buf2[1] = 0x3
+  buf2[2] = 0x4
+  buf3[0] = 0x23
+  buf3[1] = 0x42
+
+  bl.append(buf1)
+  bl.append(buf2)
+  bl.append(buf3)
+
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt32BE(2), 0x03042342)
+  t.equal(bl.readUInt32LE(2), 0x42230403)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt32BE(2), 0x03042342)
+  t.equal(bl.readInt32LE(2), 0x42230403)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test readUIntLE / readUIntBE / readIntLE / readIntBE', function (t) {
+  var buf1 = Buffer.alloc(1)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , buf3 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , bl   = new BufferList()
+
+  buf2[0] = 0x2
+  buf2[1] = 0x3
+  buf2[2] = 0x4
+  buf3[0] = 0x23
+  buf3[1] = 0x42
+  buf3[2] = 0x61
+
+  bl.append(buf1)
+  bl.append(buf2)
+  bl.append(buf3)
+
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntBE(1, 1), 0x02)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntBE(1, 2), 0x0203)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntBE(1, 3), 0x020304)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntBE(1, 4), 0x02030423)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntBE(1, 5), 0x0203042342)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntBE(1, 6), 0x020304234261)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntLE(1, 1), 0x02)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntLE(1, 2), 0x0302)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntLE(1, 3), 0x040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntLE(1, 4), 0x23040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntLE(1, 5), 0x4223040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readUIntLE(1, 6), 0x614223040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntBE(1, 1), 0x02)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntBE(1, 2), 0x0203)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntBE(1, 3), 0x020304)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntBE(1, 4), 0x02030423)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntBE(1, 5), 0x0203042342)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntBE(1, 6), 0x020304234261)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntLE(1, 1), 0x02)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntLE(1, 2), 0x0302)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntLE(1, 3), 0x040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntLE(1, 4), 0x23040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntLE(1, 5), 0x4223040302)
+  t.equal(bl.readIntLE(1, 6), 0x614223040302)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test readFloatLE / readFloatBE', function (t) {
+  var buf1 = Buffer.alloc(1)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , buf3 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , bl   = new BufferList()
+
+  buf2[1] = 0x00
+  buf2[2] = 0x00
+  buf3[0] = 0x80
+  buf3[1] = 0x3f
+
+  bl.append(buf1)
+  bl.append(buf2)
+  bl.append(buf3)
+
+  t.equal(bl.readFloatLE(2), 0x01)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test readDoubleLE / readDoubleBE', function (t) {
+  var buf1 = Buffer.alloc(1)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , buf3 = Buffer.alloc(10)
+    , bl   = new BufferList()
+
+  buf2[1] = 0x55
+  buf2[2] = 0x55
+  buf3[0] = 0x55
+  buf3[1] = 0x55
+  buf3[2] = 0x55
+  buf3[3] = 0x55
+  buf3[4] = 0xd5
+  buf3[5] = 0x3f
+
+  bl.append(buf1)
+  bl.append(buf2)
+  bl.append(buf3)
+
+  t.equal(bl.readDoubleLE(2), 0.3333333333333333)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test toString', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('hi'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+
+  t.equal(bl.toString('ascii', 0, 10), 'abcdefghij')
+  t.equal(bl.toString('ascii', 3, 10), 'defghij')
+  t.equal(bl.toString('ascii', 3, 6), 'def')
+  t.equal(bl.toString('ascii', 3, 8), 'defgh')
+  t.equal(bl.toString('ascii', 5, 10), 'fghij')
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test toString encoding', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+    , b  = Buffer.from('abcdefghij\xff\x00')
+
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('abcd'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('efg'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('hi'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('j'))
+  bl.append(Buffer.from('\xff\x00'))
+
+  encodings.forEach(function (enc) {
+      t.equal(bl.toString(enc), b.toString(enc), enc)
+    })
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('uninitialized memory', function (t) {
+  const secret = crypto.randomBytes(256)
+  for (let i = 0; i < 1e6; i++) {
+    const clone = Buffer.from(secret)
+    const bl = new BufferList()
+    bl.append(Buffer.from('a'))
+    bl.consume(-1024)
+    const buf = bl.slice(1)
+    if (buf.indexOf(clone) !== -1) {
+      t.fail(`Match (at ${i})`)
+      break
+    }
+  }
+  t.end()
+})
+
+!process.browser && tape('test stream', function (t) {
+  var random = crypto.randomBytes(65534)
+    , rndhash = hash(random, 'md5')
+    , md5sum = crypto.createHash('md5')
+    , bl     = new BufferList(function (err, buf) {
+        t.ok(Buffer.isBuffer(buf))
+        t.ok(err === null)
+        t.equal(rndhash, hash(bl.slice(), 'md5'))
+        t.equal(rndhash, hash(buf, 'md5'))
+
+        bl.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('/tmp/bl_test_rnd_out.dat'))
+          .on('close', function () {
+            var s = fs.createReadStream('/tmp/bl_test_rnd_out.dat')
+            s.on('data', md5sum.update.bind(md5sum))
+            s.on('end', function() {
+              t.equal(rndhash, md5sum.digest('hex'), 'woohoo! correct hash!')
+              t.end()
+            })
+          })
+
+      })
+
+  fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/bl_test_rnd.dat', random)
+  fs.createReadStream('/tmp/bl_test_rnd.dat').pipe(bl)
+})
+
+tape('instantiation with Buffer', function (t) {
+  var buf  = crypto.randomBytes(1024)
+    , buf2 = crypto.randomBytes(1024)
+    , b    = BufferList(buf)
+
+  t.equal(buf.toString('hex'), b.slice().toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  b = BufferList([ buf, buf2 ])
+  t.equal(b.slice().toString('hex'), Buffer.concat([ buf, buf2 ]).toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test String appendage', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+    , b  = Buffer.from('abcdefghij\xff\x00')
+
+  bl.append('abcd')
+  bl.append('efg')
+  bl.append('hi')
+  bl.append('j')
+  bl.append('\xff\x00')
+
+  encodings.forEach(function (enc) {
+      t.equal(bl.toString(enc), b.toString(enc))
+    })
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('test Number appendage', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+    , b  = Buffer.from('1234567890')
+
+  bl.append(1234)
+  bl.append(567)
+  bl.append(89)
+  bl.append(0)
+
+  encodings.forEach(function (enc) {
+      t.equal(bl.toString(enc), b.toString(enc))
+    })
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('write nothing, should get empty buffer', function (t) {
+  t.plan(3)
+  BufferList(function (err, data) {
+    t.notOk(err, 'no error')
+    t.ok(Buffer.isBuffer(data), 'got a buffer')
+    t.equal(0, data.length, 'got a zero-length buffer')
+    t.end()
+  }).end()
+})
+
+tape('unicode string', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+  var inp1 = '\u2600'
+    , inp2 = '\u2603'
+    , exp = inp1 + ' and ' + inp2
+    , bl = BufferList()
+  bl.write(inp1)
+  bl.write(' and ')
+  bl.write(inp2)
+  t.equal(exp, bl.toString())
+  t.equal(Buffer.from(exp).toString('hex'), bl.toString('hex'))
+})
+
+tape('should emit finish', function (t) {
+  var source = BufferList()
+    , dest = BufferList()
+
+  source.write('hello')
+  source.pipe(dest)
+
+  dest.on('finish', function () {
+    t.equal(dest.toString('utf8'), 'hello')
+    t.end()
+  })
+})
+
+tape('basic copy', function (t) {
+  var buf  = crypto.randomBytes(1024)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(1024)
+    , b    = BufferList(buf)
+
+  b.copy(buf2)
+  t.equal(b.slice().toString('hex'), buf2.toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('copy after many appends', function (t) {
+  var buf  = crypto.randomBytes(512)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(1024)
+    , b    = BufferList(buf)
+
+  b.append(buf)
+  b.copy(buf2)
+  t.equal(b.slice().toString('hex'), buf2.toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('copy at a precise position', function (t) {
+  var buf  = crypto.randomBytes(1004)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(1024)
+    , b    = BufferList(buf)
+
+  b.copy(buf2, 20)
+  t.equal(b.slice().toString('hex'), buf2.slice(20).toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('copy starting from a precise location', function (t) {
+  var buf  = crypto.randomBytes(10)
+    , buf2 = Buffer.alloc(5)
+    , b    = BufferList(buf)
+
+  b.copy(buf2, 0, 5)
+  t.equal(b.slice(5).toString('hex'), buf2.toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('copy in an interval', function (t) {
+  var rnd      = crypto.randomBytes(10)
+    , b        = BufferList(rnd) // put the random bytes there
+    , actual   = Buffer.alloc(3)
+    , expected = Buffer.alloc(3)
+
+  rnd.copy(expected, 0, 5, 8)
+  b.copy(actual, 0, 5, 8)
+
+  t.equal(actual.toString('hex'), expected.toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('copy an interval between two buffers', function (t) {
+  var buf      = crypto.randomBytes(10)
+    , buf2     = Buffer.alloc(10)
+    , b        = BufferList(buf)
+
+  b.append(buf)
+  b.copy(buf2, 0, 5, 15)
+
+  t.equal(b.slice(5, 15).toString('hex'), buf2.toString('hex'), 'same buffer')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice across buffer boundaries', function (t) {
+  var bl = new BufferList(['First', 'Second', 'Third'])
+
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(3, 13).toString(), 'stSecondTh')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice within single buffer', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+  var bl = new BufferList(['First', 'Second', 'Third'])
+
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(5, 10).toString(), 'Secon')
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(7, 10).toString(), 'con')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice single buffer', function (t) {
+  t.plan(3)
+  var bl = new BufferList(['First', 'Second', 'Third'])
+
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(0, 5).toString(), 'First')
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(5, 11).toString(), 'Second')
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(11, 16).toString(), 'Third')
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice with negative or omitted indices', function (t) {
+  t.plan(4)
+  var bl = new BufferList(['First', 'Second', 'Third'])
+
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice().toString(), 'FirstSecondThird')
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(5).toString(), 'SecondThird')
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(5, -3).toString(), 'SecondTh')
+  t.equal(bl.shallowSlice(-8).toString(), 'ondThird')
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice does not make a copy', function (t) {
+  t.plan(1)
+  var buffers = [Buffer.from('First'), Buffer.from('Second'), Buffer.from('Third')]
+  var bl = (new BufferList(buffers)).shallowSlice(5, -3)
+
+  buffers[1].fill('h')
+  buffers[2].fill('h')
+
+  t.equal(bl.toString(), 'hhhhhhhh')
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice with 0 length', function (t) {
+  t.plan(1)
+  var buffers = [Buffer.from('First'), Buffer.from('Second'), Buffer.from('Third')]
+  var bl = (new BufferList(buffers)).shallowSlice(0, 0)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+})
+
+tape('shallow slice with 0 length from middle', function (t) {
+  t.plan(1)
+  var buffers = [Buffer.from('First'), Buffer.from('Second'), Buffer.from('Third')]
+  var bl = (new BufferList(buffers)).shallowSlice(10, 10)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+})
+
+tape('duplicate', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+
+  var bl = new BufferList('abcdefghij\xff\x00')
+    , dup = bl.duplicate()
+
+  t.equal(bl.prototype, dup.prototype)
+  t.equal(bl.toString('hex'), dup.toString('hex'))
+})
+
+tape('destroy no pipe', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+
+  var bl = new BufferList('alsdkfja;lsdkfja;lsdk')
+  bl.destroy()
+
+  t.equal(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+})
+
+!process.browser && tape('destroy with pipe before read end', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/test.js')
+    .pipe(bl)
+
+  bl.destroy()
+
+  t.equal(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+  t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+
+})
+
+!process.browser && tape('destroy with pipe before read end with race', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/test.js')
+    .pipe(bl)
+
+  setTimeout(function () {
+    bl.destroy()
+    setTimeout(function () {
+      t.equal(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+      t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+    }, 500)
+  }, 500)
+})
+
+!process.browser && tape('destroy with pipe after read end', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+  fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/test.js')
+    .on('end', onEnd)
+    .pipe(bl)
+
+  function onEnd () {
+    bl.destroy()
+
+    t.equal(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+    t.equal(bl.length, 0)
+  }
+})
+
+!process.browser && tape('destroy with pipe while writing to a destination', function (t) {
+  t.plan(4)
+
+  var bl = new BufferList()
+    , ds = new BufferList()
+
+  fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/test.js')
+    .on('end', onEnd)
+    .pipe(bl)
+
+  function onEnd () {
+    bl.pipe(ds)
+
+    setTimeout(function () {
+      bl.destroy()
+
+      t.equals(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+      t.equals(bl.length, 0)
+
+      ds.destroy()
+
+      t.equals(bl._bufs.length, 0)
+      t.equals(bl.length, 0)
+
+    }, 100)
+  }
+})
+
+!process.browser && tape('handle error', function (t) {
+  t.plan(2)
+  fs.createReadStream('/does/not/exist').pipe(BufferList(function (err, data) {
+    t.ok(err instanceof Error, 'has error')
+    t.notOk(data, 'no data')
+  }))
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae732d529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/README.md b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba82f73e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<a href="http://promisesaplus.com/">
+    <img src="http://promisesaplus.com/assets/logo-small.png" alt="Promises/A+ logo"
+         title="Promises/A+ 1.1 compliant" align="right" />
+</a>
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/petkaantonov/bluebird.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/petkaantonov/bluebird)
+[![coverage-98%](https://img.shields.io/badge/coverage-98%25-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](http://petkaantonov.github.io/bluebird/coverage/debug/index.html)
+
+**Got a question?** Join us on [stackoverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/bluebird), the [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bluebird-js) or chat on [IRC](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#promises)
+
+# Introduction
+
+Bluebird is a fully featured promise library with focus on innovative features and performance
+
+See the [**bluebird website**](http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/getting-started.html) for further documentation, references and instructions. See the [**API reference**](http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api-reference.html) here.
+
+For bluebird 2.x documentation and files, see the [2.x tree](https://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird/tree/2.x).
+
+# Questions and issues
+
+The [github issue tracker](https://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird/issues) is **_only_** for bug reports and feature requests. Anything else, such as questions for help in using the library, should be posted in [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/bluebird) under tags `promise` and `bluebird`.
+
+
+
+## Thanks
+
+Thanks to BrowserStack for providing us with a free account which lets us support old browsers like IE8. 
+
+# License
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/changelog.md b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/changelog.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73b2eb6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/changelog.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/changelog.html](http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/changelog.html)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.core.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.core.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85b779137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.core.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3781 @@
+/* @preserve
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ * 
+ */
+/**
+ * bluebird build version 3.5.1
+ * Features enabled: core
+ * Features disabled: race, call_get, generators, map, nodeify, promisify, props, reduce, settle, some, using, timers, filter, any, each
+*/
+!function(e){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],e);else{var f;"undefined"!=typeof window?f=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?f=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(f=self),f.Promise=e()}}(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof _dereq_=="function"&&_dereq_;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof _dereq_=="function"&&_dereq_;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var firstLineError;
+try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {firstLineError = e;}
+var schedule = _dereq_("./schedule");
+var Queue = _dereq_("./queue");
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+
+function Async() {
+    this._customScheduler = false;
+    this._isTickUsed = false;
+    this._lateQueue = new Queue(16);
+    this._normalQueue = new Queue(16);
+    this._haveDrainedQueues = false;
+    this._trampolineEnabled = true;
+    var self = this;
+    this.drainQueues = function () {
+        self._drainQueues();
+    };
+    this._schedule = schedule;
+}
+
+Async.prototype.setScheduler = function(fn) {
+    var prev = this._schedule;
+    this._schedule = fn;
+    this._customScheduler = true;
+    return prev;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.hasCustomScheduler = function() {
+    return this._customScheduler;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.enableTrampoline = function() {
+    this._trampolineEnabled = true;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.disableTrampolineIfNecessary = function() {
+    if (util.hasDevTools) {
+        this._trampolineEnabled = false;
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype.haveItemsQueued = function () {
+    return this._isTickUsed || this._haveDrainedQueues;
+};
+
+
+Async.prototype.fatalError = function(e, isNode) {
+    if (isNode) {
+        process.stderr.write("Fatal " + (e instanceof Error ? e.stack : e) +
+            "\n");
+        process.exit(2);
+    } else {
+        this.throwLater(e);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype.throwLater = function(fn, arg) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+        arg = fn;
+        fn = function () { throw arg; };
+    }
+    if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
+        setTimeout(function() {
+            fn(arg);
+        }, 0);
+    } else try {
+        this._schedule(function() {
+            fn(arg);
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+};
+
+function AsyncInvokeLater(fn, receiver, arg) {
+    this._lateQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+function AsyncInvoke(fn, receiver, arg) {
+    this._normalQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+function AsyncSettlePromises(promise) {
+    this._normalQueue._pushOne(promise);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+if (!util.hasDevTools) {
+    Async.prototype.invokeLater = AsyncInvokeLater;
+    Async.prototype.invoke = AsyncInvoke;
+    Async.prototype.settlePromises = AsyncSettlePromises;
+} else {
+    Async.prototype.invokeLater = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncInvokeLater.call(this, fn, receiver, arg);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                setTimeout(function() {
+                    fn.call(receiver, arg);
+                }, 100);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    Async.prototype.invoke = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncInvoke.call(this, fn, receiver, arg);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                fn.call(receiver, arg);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    Async.prototype.settlePromises = function(promise) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncSettlePromises.call(this, promise);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                promise._settlePromises();
+            });
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+Async.prototype._drainQueue = function(queue) {
+    while (queue.length() > 0) {
+        var fn = queue.shift();
+        if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+            fn._settlePromises();
+            continue;
+        }
+        var receiver = queue.shift();
+        var arg = queue.shift();
+        fn.call(receiver, arg);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype._drainQueues = function () {
+    this._drainQueue(this._normalQueue);
+    this._reset();
+    this._haveDrainedQueues = true;
+    this._drainQueue(this._lateQueue);
+};
+
+Async.prototype._queueTick = function () {
+    if (!this._isTickUsed) {
+        this._isTickUsed = true;
+        this._schedule(this.drainQueues);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype._reset = function () {
+    this._isTickUsed = false;
+};
+
+module.exports = Async;
+module.exports.firstLineError = firstLineError;
+
+},{"./queue":17,"./schedule":18,"./util":21}],2:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, debug) {
+var calledBind = false;
+var rejectThis = function(_, e) {
+    this._reject(e);
+};
+
+var targetRejected = function(e, context) {
+    context.promiseRejectionQueued = true;
+    context.bindingPromise._then(rejectThis, rejectThis, null, this, e);
+};
+
+var bindingResolved = function(thisArg, context) {
+    if (((this._bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        this._resolveCallback(context.target);
+    }
+};
+
+var bindingRejected = function(e, context) {
+    if (!context.promiseRejectionQueued) this._reject(e);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.bind = function (thisArg) {
+    if (!calledBind) {
+        calledBind = true;
+        Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = debug.propagateFromFunction();
+        Promise.prototype._boundValue = debug.boundValueFunction();
+    }
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thisArg);
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._propagateFrom(this, 1);
+    var target = this._target();
+    ret._setBoundTo(maybePromise);
+    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+        var context = {
+            promiseRejectionQueued: false,
+            promise: ret,
+            target: target,
+            bindingPromise: maybePromise
+        };
+        target._then(INTERNAL, targetRejected, undefined, ret, context);
+        maybePromise._then(
+            bindingResolved, bindingRejected, undefined, ret, context);
+        ret._setOnCancel(maybePromise);
+    } else {
+        ret._resolveCallback(target);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setBoundTo = function (obj) {
+    if (obj !== undefined) {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField | 2097152;
+        this._boundTo = obj;
+    } else {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~2097152);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isBound = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 2097152) === 2097152;
+};
+
+Promise.bind = function (thisArg, value) {
+    return Promise.resolve(value).bind(thisArg);
+};
+};
+
+},{}],3:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var old;
+if (typeof Promise !== "undefined") old = Promise;
+function noConflict() {
+    try { if (Promise === bluebird) Promise = old; }
+    catch (e) {}
+    return bluebird;
+}
+var bluebird = _dereq_("./promise")();
+bluebird.noConflict = noConflict;
+module.exports = bluebird;
+
+},{"./promise":15}],4:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, debug) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var async = Promise._async;
+
+Promise.prototype["break"] = Promise.prototype.cancel = function() {
+    if (!debug.cancellation()) return this._warn("cancellation is disabled");
+
+    var promise = this;
+    var child = promise;
+    while (promise._isCancellable()) {
+        if (!promise._cancelBy(child)) {
+            if (child._isFollowing()) {
+                child._followee().cancel();
+            } else {
+                child._cancelBranched();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        var parent = promise._cancellationParent;
+        if (parent == null || !parent._isCancellable()) {
+            if (promise._isFollowing()) {
+                promise._followee().cancel();
+            } else {
+                promise._cancelBranched();
+            }
+            break;
+        } else {
+            if (promise._isFollowing()) promise._followee().cancel();
+            promise._setWillBeCancelled();
+            child = promise;
+            promise = parent;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._branchHasCancelled = function() {
+    this._branchesRemainingToCancel--;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled = function() {
+    return this._branchesRemainingToCancel === undefined ||
+           this._branchesRemainingToCancel <= 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelBy = function(canceller) {
+    if (canceller === this) {
+        this._branchesRemainingToCancel = 0;
+        this._invokeOnCancel();
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        this._branchHasCancelled();
+        if (this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()) {
+            this._invokeOnCancel();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelBranched = function() {
+    if (this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()) {
+        this._cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancel = function() {
+    if (!this._isCancellable()) return;
+    this._setCancelled();
+    async.invoke(this._cancelPromises, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelPromises = function() {
+    if (this._length() > 0) this._settlePromises();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetOnCancel = function() {
+    this._onCancelField = undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isCancellable = function() {
+    return this.isPending() && !this._isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isCancellable = function() {
+    return this.isPending() && !this.isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._doInvokeOnCancel = function(onCancelCallback, internalOnly) {
+    if (util.isArray(onCancelCallback)) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < onCancelCallback.length; ++i) {
+            this._doInvokeOnCancel(onCancelCallback[i], internalOnly);
+        }
+    } else if (onCancelCallback !== undefined) {
+        if (typeof onCancelCallback === "function") {
+            if (!internalOnly) {
+                var e = tryCatch(onCancelCallback).call(this._boundValue());
+                if (e === errorObj) {
+                    this._attachExtraTrace(e.e);
+                    async.throwLater(e.e);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            onCancelCallback._resultCancelled(this);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._invokeOnCancel = function() {
+    var onCancelCallback = this._onCancel();
+    this._unsetOnCancel();
+    async.invoke(this._doInvokeOnCancel, this, onCancelCallback);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._invokeInternalOnCancel = function() {
+    if (this._isCancellable()) {
+        this._doInvokeOnCancel(this._onCancel(), true);
+        this._unsetOnCancel();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    this.cancel();
+};
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":21}],5:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(NEXT_FILTER) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var getKeys = _dereq_("./es5").keys;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+
+function catchFilter(instances, cb, promise) {
+    return function(e) {
+        var boundTo = promise._boundValue();
+        predicateLoop: for (var i = 0; i < instances.length; ++i) {
+            var item = instances[i];
+
+            if (item === Error ||
+                (item != null && item.prototype instanceof Error)) {
+                if (e instanceof item) {
+                    return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+                }
+            } else if (typeof item === "function") {
+                var matchesPredicate = tryCatch(item).call(boundTo, e);
+                if (matchesPredicate === errorObj) {
+                    return matchesPredicate;
+                } else if (matchesPredicate) {
+                    return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+                }
+            } else if (util.isObject(e)) {
+                var keys = getKeys(item);
+                for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; ++j) {
+                    var key = keys[j];
+                    if (item[key] != e[key]) {
+                        continue predicateLoop;
+                    }
+                }
+                return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+            }
+        }
+        return NEXT_FILTER;
+    };
+}
+
+return catchFilter;
+};
+
+},{"./es5":10,"./util":21}],6:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var longStackTraces = false;
+var contextStack = [];
+
+Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._pushContext = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._popContext = function() {return null;};
+Promise._peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext = function() {};
+
+function Context() {
+    this._trace = new Context.CapturedTrace(peekContext());
+}
+Context.prototype._pushContext = function () {
+    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
+        this._trace._promiseCreated = null;
+        contextStack.push(this._trace);
+    }
+};
+
+Context.prototype._popContext = function () {
+    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
+        var trace = contextStack.pop();
+        var ret = trace._promiseCreated;
+        trace._promiseCreated = null;
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+function createContext() {
+    if (longStackTraces) return new Context();
+}
+
+function peekContext() {
+    var lastIndex = contextStack.length - 1;
+    if (lastIndex >= 0) {
+        return contextStack[lastIndex];
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+Context.CapturedTrace = null;
+Context.create = createContext;
+Context.deactivateLongStackTraces = function() {};
+Context.activateLongStackTraces = function() {
+    var Promise_pushContext = Promise.prototype._pushContext;
+    var Promise_popContext = Promise.prototype._popContext;
+    var Promise_PeekContext = Promise._peekContext;
+    var Promise_peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext;
+    var Promise_promiseCreated = Promise.prototype._promiseCreated;
+    Context.deactivateLongStackTraces = function() {
+        Promise.prototype._pushContext = Promise_pushContext;
+        Promise.prototype._popContext = Promise_popContext;
+        Promise._peekContext = Promise_PeekContext;
+        Promise.prototype._peekContext = Promise_peekContext;
+        Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = Promise_promiseCreated;
+        longStackTraces = false;
+    };
+    longStackTraces = true;
+    Promise.prototype._pushContext = Context.prototype._pushContext;
+    Promise.prototype._popContext = Context.prototype._popContext;
+    Promise._peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext = peekContext;
+    Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = function() {
+        var ctx = this._peekContext();
+        if (ctx && ctx._promiseCreated == null) ctx._promiseCreated = this;
+    };
+};
+return Context;
+};
+
+},{}],7:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, Context) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var async = Promise._async;
+var Warning = _dereq_("./errors").Warning;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var canAttachTrace = util.canAttachTrace;
+var unhandledRejectionHandled;
+var possiblyUnhandledRejection;
+var bluebirdFramePattern =
+    /[\\\/]bluebird[\\\/]js[\\\/](release|debug|instrumented)/;
+var nodeFramePattern = /\((?:timers\.js):\d+:\d+\)/;
+var parseLinePattern = /[\/<\(](.+?):(\d+):(\d+)\)?\s*$/;
+var stackFramePattern = null;
+var formatStack = null;
+var indentStackFrames = false;
+var printWarning;
+var debugging = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_DEBUG") != 0 &&
+                        (true ||
+                         util.env("BLUEBIRD_DEBUG") ||
+                         util.env("NODE_ENV") === "development"));
+
+var warnings = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_WARNINGS") != 0 &&
+    (debugging || util.env("BLUEBIRD_WARNINGS")));
+
+var longStackTraces = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_LONG_STACK_TRACES") != 0 &&
+    (debugging || util.env("BLUEBIRD_LONG_STACK_TRACES")));
+
+var wForgottenReturn = util.env("BLUEBIRD_W_FORGOTTEN_RETURN") != 0 &&
+    (warnings || !!util.env("BLUEBIRD_W_FORGOTTEN_RETURN"));
+
+Promise.prototype.suppressUnhandledRejections = function() {
+    var target = this._target();
+    target._bitField = ((target._bitField & (~1048576)) |
+                      524288);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled = function () {
+    if ((this._bitField & 524288) !== 0) return;
+    this._setRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    var self = this;
+    setTimeout(function() {
+        self._notifyUnhandledRejection();
+    }, 1);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled = function () {
+    fireRejectionEvent("rejectionHandled",
+                                  unhandledRejectionHandled, undefined, this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setReturnedNonUndefined = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 268435456;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._returnedNonUndefined = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 268435456) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejection = function () {
+    if (this._isRejectionUnhandled()) {
+        var reason = this._settledValue();
+        this._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
+        fireRejectionEvent("unhandledRejection",
+                                      possiblyUnhandledRejection, reason, this);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 262144;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~262144);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isUnhandledRejectionNotified = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 262144) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 1048576;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~1048576);
+    if (this._isUnhandledRejectionNotified()) {
+        this._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
+        this._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isRejectionUnhandled = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 1048576) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._warn = function(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise) {
+    return warn(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise || this);
+};
+
+Promise.onPossiblyUnhandledRejection = function (fn) {
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    possiblyUnhandledRejection =
+        typeof fn === "function" ? (domain === null ?
+                                            fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn))
+                                 : undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.onUnhandledRejectionHandled = function (fn) {
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    unhandledRejectionHandled =
+        typeof fn === "function" ? (domain === null ?
+                                            fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn))
+                                 : undefined;
+};
+
+var disableLongStackTraces = function() {};
+Promise.longStackTraces = function () {
+    if (async.haveItemsQueued() && !config.longStackTraces) {
+        throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    if (!config.longStackTraces && longStackTracesIsSupported()) {
+        var Promise_captureStackTrace = Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace;
+        var Promise_attachExtraTrace = Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace;
+        config.longStackTraces = true;
+        disableLongStackTraces = function() {
+            if (async.haveItemsQueued() && !config.longStackTraces) {
+                throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+            }
+            Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = Promise_captureStackTrace;
+            Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = Promise_attachExtraTrace;
+            Context.deactivateLongStackTraces();
+            async.enableTrampoline();
+            config.longStackTraces = false;
+        };
+        Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = longStackTracesCaptureStackTrace;
+        Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = longStackTracesAttachExtraTrace;
+        Context.activateLongStackTraces();
+        async.disableTrampolineIfNecessary();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.hasLongStackTraces = function () {
+    return config.longStackTraces && longStackTracesIsSupported();
+};
+
+var fireDomEvent = (function() {
+    try {
+        if (typeof CustomEvent === "function") {
+            var event = new CustomEvent("CustomEvent");
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = new CustomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), {
+                    detail: event,
+                    cancelable: true
+                });
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        } else if (typeof Event === "function") {
+            var event = new Event("CustomEvent");
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = new Event(name.toLowerCase(), {
+                    cancelable: true
+                });
+                domEvent.detail = event;
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        } else {
+            var event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+            event.initCustomEvent("testingtheevent", false, true, {});
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+                domEvent.initCustomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), false, true,
+                    event);
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        }
+    } catch (e) {}
+    return function() {
+        return false;
+    };
+})();
+
+var fireGlobalEvent = (function() {
+    if (util.isNode) {
+        return function() {
+            return process.emit.apply(process, arguments);
+        };
+    } else {
+        if (!util.global) {
+            return function() {
+                return false;
+            };
+        }
+        return function(name) {
+            var methodName = "on" + name.toLowerCase();
+            var method = util.global[methodName];
+            if (!method) return false;
+            method.apply(util.global, [].slice.call(arguments, 1));
+            return true;
+        };
+    }
+})();
+
+function generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject(name, promise) {
+    return {promise: promise};
+}
+
+var eventToObjectGenerator = {
+    promiseCreated: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseFulfilled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseRejected: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseResolved: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseCancelled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseChained: function(name, promise, child) {
+        return {promise: promise, child: child};
+    },
+    warning: function(name, warning) {
+        return {warning: warning};
+    },
+    unhandledRejection: function (name, reason, promise) {
+        return {reason: reason, promise: promise};
+    },
+    rejectionHandled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject
+};
+
+var activeFireEvent = function (name) {
+    var globalEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        globalEventFired = fireGlobalEvent.apply(null, arguments);
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+        globalEventFired = true;
+    }
+
+    var domEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        domEventFired = fireDomEvent(name,
+                    eventToObjectGenerator[name].apply(null, arguments));
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+        domEventFired = true;
+    }
+
+    return domEventFired || globalEventFired;
+};
+
+Promise.config = function(opts) {
+    opts = Object(opts);
+    if ("longStackTraces" in opts) {
+        if (opts.longStackTraces) {
+            Promise.longStackTraces();
+        } else if (!opts.longStackTraces && Promise.hasLongStackTraces()) {
+            disableLongStackTraces();
+        }
+    }
+    if ("warnings" in opts) {
+        var warningsOption = opts.warnings;
+        config.warnings = !!warningsOption;
+        wForgottenReturn = config.warnings;
+
+        if (util.isObject(warningsOption)) {
+            if ("wForgottenReturn" in warningsOption) {
+                wForgottenReturn = !!warningsOption.wForgottenReturn;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ("cancellation" in opts && opts.cancellation && !config.cancellation) {
+        if (async.haveItemsQueued()) {
+            throw new Error(
+                "cannot enable cancellation after promises are in use");
+        }
+        Promise.prototype._clearCancellationData =
+            cancellationClearCancellationData;
+        Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = cancellationPropagateFrom;
+        Promise.prototype._onCancel = cancellationOnCancel;
+        Promise.prototype._setOnCancel = cancellationSetOnCancel;
+        Promise.prototype._attachCancellationCallback =
+            cancellationAttachCancellationCallback;
+        Promise.prototype._execute = cancellationExecute;
+        propagateFromFunction = cancellationPropagateFrom;
+        config.cancellation = true;
+    }
+    if ("monitoring" in opts) {
+        if (opts.monitoring && !config.monitoring) {
+            config.monitoring = true;
+            Promise.prototype._fireEvent = activeFireEvent;
+        } else if (!opts.monitoring && config.monitoring) {
+            config.monitoring = false;
+            Promise.prototype._fireEvent = defaultFireEvent;
+        }
+    }
+    return Promise;
+};
+
+function defaultFireEvent() { return false; }
+
+Promise.prototype._fireEvent = defaultFireEvent;
+Promise.prototype._execute = function(executor, resolve, reject) {
+    try {
+        executor(resolve, reject);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return e;
+    }
+};
+Promise.prototype._onCancel = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._setOnCancel = function (handler) { ; };
+Promise.prototype._attachCancellationCallback = function(onCancel) {
+    ;
+};
+Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._clearCancellationData = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = function (parent, flags) {
+    ;
+    ;
+};
+
+function cancellationExecute(executor, resolve, reject) {
+    var promise = this;
+    try {
+        executor(resolve, reject, function(onCancel) {
+            if (typeof onCancel !== "function") {
+                throw new TypeError("onCancel must be a function, got: " +
+                                    util.toString(onCancel));
+            }
+            promise._attachCancellationCallback(onCancel);
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        return e;
+    }
+}
+
+function cancellationAttachCancellationCallback(onCancel) {
+    if (!this._isCancellable()) return this;
+
+    var previousOnCancel = this._onCancel();
+    if (previousOnCancel !== undefined) {
+        if (util.isArray(previousOnCancel)) {
+            previousOnCancel.push(onCancel);
+        } else {
+            this._setOnCancel([previousOnCancel, onCancel]);
+        }
+    } else {
+        this._setOnCancel(onCancel);
+    }
+}
+
+function cancellationOnCancel() {
+    return this._onCancelField;
+}
+
+function cancellationSetOnCancel(onCancel) {
+    this._onCancelField = onCancel;
+}
+
+function cancellationClearCancellationData() {
+    this._cancellationParent = undefined;
+    this._onCancelField = undefined;
+}
+
+function cancellationPropagateFrom(parent, flags) {
+    if ((flags & 1) !== 0) {
+        this._cancellationParent = parent;
+        var branchesRemainingToCancel = parent._branchesRemainingToCancel;
+        if (branchesRemainingToCancel === undefined) {
+            branchesRemainingToCancel = 0;
+        }
+        parent._branchesRemainingToCancel = branchesRemainingToCancel + 1;
+    }
+    if ((flags & 2) !== 0 && parent._isBound()) {
+        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
+    }
+}
+
+function bindingPropagateFrom(parent, flags) {
+    if ((flags & 2) !== 0 && parent._isBound()) {
+        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
+    }
+}
+var propagateFromFunction = bindingPropagateFrom;
+
+function boundValueFunction() {
+    var ret = this._boundTo;
+    if (ret !== undefined) {
+        if (ret instanceof Promise) {
+            if (ret.isFulfilled()) {
+                return ret.value();
+            } else {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function longStackTracesCaptureStackTrace() {
+    this._trace = new CapturedTrace(this._peekContext());
+}
+
+function longStackTracesAttachExtraTrace(error, ignoreSelf) {
+    if (canAttachTrace(error)) {
+        var trace = this._trace;
+        if (trace !== undefined) {
+            if (ignoreSelf) trace = trace._parent;
+        }
+        if (trace !== undefined) {
+            trace.attachExtraTrace(error);
+        } else if (!error.__stackCleaned__) {
+            var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(error);
+            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "stack",
+                parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n"));
+            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function checkForgottenReturns(returnValue, promiseCreated, name, promise,
+                               parent) {
+    if (returnValue === undefined && promiseCreated !== null &&
+        wForgottenReturn) {
+        if (parent !== undefined && parent._returnedNonUndefined()) return;
+        if ((promise._bitField & 65535) === 0) return;
+
+        if (name) name = name + " ";
+        var handlerLine = "";
+        var creatorLine = "";
+        if (promiseCreated._trace) {
+            var traceLines = promiseCreated._trace.stack.split("\n");
+            var stack = cleanStack(traceLines);
+            for (var i = stack.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                var line = stack[i];
+                if (!nodeFramePattern.test(line)) {
+                    var lineMatches = line.match(parseLinePattern);
+                    if (lineMatches) {
+                        handlerLine  = "at " + lineMatches[1] +
+                            ":" + lineMatches[2] + ":" + lineMatches[3] + " ";
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (stack.length > 0) {
+                var firstUserLine = stack[0];
+                for (var i = 0; i < traceLines.length; ++i) {
+
+                    if (traceLines[i] === firstUserLine) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            creatorLine = "\n" + traceLines[i - 1];
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+        var msg = "a promise was created in a " + name +
+            "handler " + handlerLine + "but was not returned from it, " +
+            "see http://goo.gl/rRqMUw" +
+            creatorLine;
+        promise._warn(msg, true, promiseCreated);
+    }
+}
+
+function deprecated(name, replacement) {
+    var message = name +
+        " is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.";
+    if (replacement) message += " Use " + replacement + " instead.";
+    return warn(message);
+}
+
+function warn(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise) {
+    if (!config.warnings) return;
+    var warning = new Warning(message);
+    var ctx;
+    if (shouldUseOwnTrace) {
+        promise._attachExtraTrace(warning);
+    } else if (config.longStackTraces && (ctx = Promise._peekContext())) {
+        ctx.attachExtraTrace(warning);
+    } else {
+        var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(warning);
+        warning.stack = parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (!activeFireEvent("warning", warning)) {
+        formatAndLogError(warning, "", true);
+    }
+}
+
+function reconstructStack(message, stacks) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length - 1; ++i) {
+        stacks[i].push("From previous event:");
+        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
+    }
+    if (i < stacks.length) {
+        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
+    }
+    return message + "\n" + stacks.join("\n");
+}
+
+function removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
+        if (stacks[i].length === 0 ||
+            ((i + 1 < stacks.length) && stacks[i][0] === stacks[i+1][0])) {
+            stacks.splice(i, 1);
+            i--;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function removeCommonRoots(stacks) {
+    var current = stacks[0];
+    for (var i = 1; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
+        var prev = stacks[i];
+        var currentLastIndex = current.length - 1;
+        var currentLastLine = current[currentLastIndex];
+        var commonRootMeetPoint = -1;
+
+        for (var j = prev.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+            if (prev[j] === currentLastLine) {
+                commonRootMeetPoint = j;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (var j = commonRootMeetPoint; j >= 0; --j) {
+            var line = prev[j];
+            if (current[currentLastIndex] === line) {
+                current.pop();
+                currentLastIndex--;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        current = prev;
+    }
+}
+
+function cleanStack(stack) {
+    var ret = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
+        var line = stack[i];
+        var isTraceLine = "    (No stack trace)" === line ||
+            stackFramePattern.test(line);
+        var isInternalFrame = isTraceLine && shouldIgnore(line);
+        if (isTraceLine && !isInternalFrame) {
+            if (indentStackFrames && line.charAt(0) !== " ") {
+                line = "    " + line;
+            }
+            ret.push(line);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function stackFramesAsArray(error) {
+    var stack = error.stack.replace(/\s+$/g, "").split("\n");
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
+        var line = stack[i];
+        if ("    (No stack trace)" === line || stackFramePattern.test(line)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i > 0 && error.name != "SyntaxError") {
+        stack = stack.slice(i);
+    }
+    return stack;
+}
+
+function parseStackAndMessage(error) {
+    var stack = error.stack;
+    var message = error.toString();
+    stack = typeof stack === "string" && stack.length > 0
+                ? stackFramesAsArray(error) : ["    (No stack trace)"];
+    return {
+        message: message,
+        stack: error.name == "SyntaxError" ? stack : cleanStack(stack)
+    };
+}
+
+function formatAndLogError(error, title, isSoft) {
+    if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
+        var message;
+        if (util.isObject(error)) {
+            var stack = error.stack;
+            message = title + formatStack(stack, error);
+        } else {
+            message = title + String(error);
+        }
+        if (typeof printWarning === "function") {
+            printWarning(message, isSoft);
+        } else if (typeof console.log === "function" ||
+            typeof console.log === "object") {
+            console.log(message);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function fireRejectionEvent(name, localHandler, reason, promise) {
+    var localEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        if (typeof localHandler === "function") {
+            localEventFired = true;
+            if (name === "rejectionHandled") {
+                localHandler(promise);
+            } else {
+                localHandler(reason, promise);
+            }
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+    }
+
+    if (name === "unhandledRejection") {
+        if (!activeFireEvent(name, reason, promise) && !localEventFired) {
+            formatAndLogError(reason, "Unhandled rejection ");
+        }
+    } else {
+        activeFireEvent(name, promise);
+    }
+}
+
+function formatNonError(obj) {
+    var str;
+    if (typeof obj === "function") {
+        str = "[function " +
+            (obj.name || "anonymous") +
+            "]";
+    } else {
+        str = obj && typeof obj.toString === "function"
+            ? obj.toString() : util.toString(obj);
+        var ruselessToString = /\[object [a-zA-Z0-9$_]+\]/;
+        if (ruselessToString.test(str)) {
+            try {
+                var newStr = JSON.stringify(obj);
+                str = newStr;
+            }
+            catch(e) {
+
+            }
+        }
+        if (str.length === 0) {
+            str = "(empty array)";
+        }
+    }
+    return ("(<" + snip(str) + ">, no stack trace)");
+}
+
+function snip(str) {
+    var maxChars = 41;
+    if (str.length < maxChars) {
+        return str;
+    }
+    return str.substr(0, maxChars - 3) + "...";
+}
+
+function longStackTracesIsSupported() {
+    return typeof captureStackTrace === "function";
+}
+
+var shouldIgnore = function() { return false; };
+var parseLineInfoRegex = /[\/<\(]([^:\/]+):(\d+):(?:\d+)\)?\s*$/;
+function parseLineInfo(line) {
+    var matches = line.match(parseLineInfoRegex);
+    if (matches) {
+        return {
+            fileName: matches[1],
+            line: parseInt(matches[2], 10)
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+function setBounds(firstLineError, lastLineError) {
+    if (!longStackTracesIsSupported()) return;
+    var firstStackLines = firstLineError.stack.split("\n");
+    var lastStackLines = lastLineError.stack.split("\n");
+    var firstIndex = -1;
+    var lastIndex = -1;
+    var firstFileName;
+    var lastFileName;
+    for (var i = 0; i < firstStackLines.length; ++i) {
+        var result = parseLineInfo(firstStackLines[i]);
+        if (result) {
+            firstFileName = result.fileName;
+            firstIndex = result.line;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < lastStackLines.length; ++i) {
+        var result = parseLineInfo(lastStackLines[i]);
+        if (result) {
+            lastFileName = result.fileName;
+            lastIndex = result.line;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (firstIndex < 0 || lastIndex < 0 || !firstFileName || !lastFileName ||
+        firstFileName !== lastFileName || firstIndex >= lastIndex) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    shouldIgnore = function(line) {
+        if (bluebirdFramePattern.test(line)) return true;
+        var info = parseLineInfo(line);
+        if (info) {
+            if (info.fileName === firstFileName &&
+                (firstIndex <= info.line && info.line <= lastIndex)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+}
+
+function CapturedTrace(parent) {
+    this._parent = parent;
+    this._promisesCreated = 0;
+    var length = this._length = 1 + (parent === undefined ? 0 : parent._length);
+    captureStackTrace(this, CapturedTrace);
+    if (length > 32) this.uncycle();
+}
+util.inherits(CapturedTrace, Error);
+Context.CapturedTrace = CapturedTrace;
+
+CapturedTrace.prototype.uncycle = function() {
+    var length = this._length;
+    if (length < 2) return;
+    var nodes = [];
+    var stackToIndex = {};
+
+    for (var i = 0, node = this; node !== undefined; ++i) {
+        nodes.push(node);
+        node = node._parent;
+    }
+    length = this._length = i;
+    for (var i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        var stack = nodes[i].stack;
+        if (stackToIndex[stack] === undefined) {
+            stackToIndex[stack] = i;
+        }
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        var currentStack = nodes[i].stack;
+        var index = stackToIndex[currentStack];
+        if (index !== undefined && index !== i) {
+            if (index > 0) {
+                nodes[index - 1]._parent = undefined;
+                nodes[index - 1]._length = 1;
+            }
+            nodes[i]._parent = undefined;
+            nodes[i]._length = 1;
+            var cycleEdgeNode = i > 0 ? nodes[i - 1] : this;
+
+            if (index < length - 1) {
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent = nodes[index + 1];
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent.uncycle();
+                cycleEdgeNode._length =
+                    cycleEdgeNode._parent._length + 1;
+            } else {
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent = undefined;
+                cycleEdgeNode._length = 1;
+            }
+            var currentChildLength = cycleEdgeNode._length + 1;
+            for (var j = i - 2; j >= 0; --j) {
+                nodes[j]._length = currentChildLength;
+                currentChildLength++;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+CapturedTrace.prototype.attachExtraTrace = function(error) {
+    if (error.__stackCleaned__) return;
+    this.uncycle();
+    var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(error);
+    var message = parsed.message;
+    var stacks = [parsed.stack];
+
+    var trace = this;
+    while (trace !== undefined) {
+        stacks.push(cleanStack(trace.stack.split("\n")));
+        trace = trace._parent;
+    }
+    removeCommonRoots(stacks);
+    removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks);
+    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "stack", reconstructStack(message, stacks));
+    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
+};
+
+var captureStackTrace = (function stackDetection() {
+    var v8stackFramePattern = /^\s*at\s*/;
+    var v8stackFormatter = function(stack, error) {
+        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;
+
+        if (error.name !== undefined &&
+            error.message !== undefined) {
+            return error.toString();
+        }
+        return formatNonError(error);
+    };
+
+    if (typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number" &&
+        typeof Error.captureStackTrace === "function") {
+        Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        var captureStackTrace = Error.captureStackTrace;
+
+        shouldIgnore = function(line) {
+            return bluebirdFramePattern.test(line);
+        };
+        return function(receiver, ignoreUntil) {
+            Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+            captureStackTrace(receiver, ignoreUntil);
+            Error.stackTraceLimit -= 6;
+        };
+    }
+    var err = new Error();
+
+    if (typeof err.stack === "string" &&
+        err.stack.split("\n")[0].indexOf("stackDetection@") >= 0) {
+        stackFramePattern = /@/;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        indentStackFrames = true;
+        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
+            o.stack = new Error().stack;
+        };
+    }
+
+    var hasStackAfterThrow;
+    try { throw new Error(); }
+    catch(e) {
+        hasStackAfterThrow = ("stack" in e);
+    }
+    if (!("stack" in err) && hasStackAfterThrow &&
+        typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number") {
+        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
+            Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+            try { throw new Error(); }
+            catch(e) { o.stack = e.stack; }
+            Error.stackTraceLimit -= 6;
+        };
+    }
+
+    formatStack = function(stack, error) {
+        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;
+
+        if ((typeof error === "object" ||
+            typeof error === "function") &&
+            error.name !== undefined &&
+            error.message !== undefined) {
+            return error.toString();
+        }
+        return formatNonError(error);
+    };
+
+    return null;
+
+})([]);
+
+if (typeof console !== "undefined" && typeof console.warn !== "undefined") {
+    printWarning = function (message) {
+        console.warn(message);
+    };
+    if (util.isNode && process.stderr.isTTY) {
+        printWarning = function(message, isSoft) {
+            var color = isSoft ? "\u001b[33m" : "\u001b[31m";
+            console.warn(color + message + "\u001b[0m\n");
+        };
+    } else if (!util.isNode && typeof (new Error().stack) === "string") {
+        printWarning = function(message, isSoft) {
+            console.warn("%c" + message,
+                        isSoft ? "color: darkorange" : "color: red");
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+var config = {
+    warnings: warnings,
+    longStackTraces: false,
+    cancellation: false,
+    monitoring: false
+};
+
+if (longStackTraces) Promise.longStackTraces();
+
+return {
+    longStackTraces: function() {
+        return config.longStackTraces;
+    },
+    warnings: function() {
+        return config.warnings;
+    },
+    cancellation: function() {
+        return config.cancellation;
+    },
+    monitoring: function() {
+        return config.monitoring;
+    },
+    propagateFromFunction: function() {
+        return propagateFromFunction;
+    },
+    boundValueFunction: function() {
+        return boundValueFunction;
+    },
+    checkForgottenReturns: checkForgottenReturns,
+    setBounds: setBounds,
+    warn: warn,
+    deprecated: deprecated,
+    CapturedTrace: CapturedTrace,
+    fireDomEvent: fireDomEvent,
+    fireGlobalEvent: fireGlobalEvent
+};
+};
+
+},{"./errors":9,"./util":21}],8:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+function returner() {
+    return this.value;
+}
+function thrower() {
+    throw this.reason;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype["return"] =
+Promise.prototype.thenReturn = function (value) {
+    if (value instanceof Promise) value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+    return this._then(
+        returner, undefined, undefined, {value: value}, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype["throw"] =
+Promise.prototype.thenThrow = function (reason) {
+    return this._then(
+        thrower, undefined, undefined, {reason: reason}, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.catchThrow = function (reason) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+        return this._then(
+            undefined, thrower, undefined, {reason: reason}, undefined);
+    } else {
+        var _reason = arguments[1];
+        var handler = function() {throw _reason;};
+        return this.caught(reason, handler);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.catchReturn = function (value) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+        if (value instanceof Promise) value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+        return this._then(
+            undefined, returner, undefined, {value: value}, undefined);
+    } else {
+        var _value = arguments[1];
+        if (_value instanceof Promise) _value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+        var handler = function() {return _value;};
+        return this.caught(value, handler);
+    }
+};
+};
+
+},{}],9:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var Objectfreeze = es5.freeze;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var inherits = util.inherits;
+var notEnumerableProp = util.notEnumerableProp;
+
+function subError(nameProperty, defaultMessage) {
+    function SubError(message) {
+        if (!(this instanceof SubError)) return new SubError(message);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "message",
+            typeof message === "string" ? message : defaultMessage);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "name", nameProperty);
+        if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+            Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+        } else {
+            Error.call(this);
+        }
+    }
+    inherits(SubError, Error);
+    return SubError;
+}
+
+var _TypeError, _RangeError;
+var Warning = subError("Warning", "warning");
+var CancellationError = subError("CancellationError", "cancellation error");
+var TimeoutError = subError("TimeoutError", "timeout error");
+var AggregateError = subError("AggregateError", "aggregate error");
+try {
+    _TypeError = TypeError;
+    _RangeError = RangeError;
+} catch(e) {
+    _TypeError = subError("TypeError", "type error");
+    _RangeError = subError("RangeError", "range error");
+}
+
+var methods = ("join pop push shift unshift slice filter forEach some " +
+    "every map indexOf lastIndexOf reduce reduceRight sort reverse").split(" ");
+
+for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; ++i) {
+    if (typeof Array.prototype[methods[i]] === "function") {
+        AggregateError.prototype[methods[i]] = Array.prototype[methods[i]];
+    }
+}
+
+es5.defineProperty(AggregateError.prototype, "length", {
+    value: 0,
+    configurable: false,
+    writable: true,
+    enumerable: true
+});
+AggregateError.prototype["isOperational"] = true;
+var level = 0;
+AggregateError.prototype.toString = function() {
+    var indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
+    var ret = "\n" + indent + "AggregateError of:" + "\n";
+    level++;
+    indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
+        var str = this[i] === this ? "[Circular AggregateError]" : this[i] + "";
+        var lines = str.split("\n");
+        for (var j = 0; j < lines.length; ++j) {
+            lines[j] = indent + lines[j];
+        }
+        str = lines.join("\n");
+        ret += str + "\n";
+    }
+    level--;
+    return ret;
+};
+
+function OperationalError(message) {
+    if (!(this instanceof OperationalError))
+        return new OperationalError(message);
+    notEnumerableProp(this, "name", "OperationalError");
+    notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message);
+    this.cause = message;
+    this["isOperational"] = true;
+
+    if (message instanceof Error) {
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message.message);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "stack", message.stack);
+    } else if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+    }
+
+}
+inherits(OperationalError, Error);
+
+var errorTypes = Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"];
+if (!errorTypes) {
+    errorTypes = Objectfreeze({
+        CancellationError: CancellationError,
+        TimeoutError: TimeoutError,
+        OperationalError: OperationalError,
+        RejectionError: OperationalError,
+        AggregateError: AggregateError
+    });
+    es5.defineProperty(Error, "__BluebirdErrorTypes__", {
+        value: errorTypes,
+        writable: false,
+        enumerable: false,
+        configurable: false
+    });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+    Error: Error,
+    TypeError: _TypeError,
+    RangeError: _RangeError,
+    CancellationError: errorTypes.CancellationError,
+    OperationalError: errorTypes.OperationalError,
+    TimeoutError: errorTypes.TimeoutError,
+    AggregateError: errorTypes.AggregateError,
+    Warning: Warning
+};
+
+},{"./es5":10,"./util":21}],10:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+var isES5 = (function(){
+    "use strict";
+    return this === undefined;
+})();
+
+if (isES5) {
+    module.exports = {
+        freeze: Object.freeze,
+        defineProperty: Object.defineProperty,
+        getDescriptor: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+        keys: Object.keys,
+        names: Object.getOwnPropertyNames,
+        getPrototypeOf: Object.getPrototypeOf,
+        isArray: Array.isArray,
+        isES5: isES5,
+        propertyIsWritable: function(obj, prop) {
+            var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop);
+            return !!(!descriptor || descriptor.writable || descriptor.set);
+        }
+    };
+} else {
+    var has = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+    var str = {}.toString;
+    var proto = {}.constructor.prototype;
+
+    var ObjectKeys = function (o) {
+        var ret = [];
+        for (var key in o) {
+            if (has.call(o, key)) {
+                ret.push(key);
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectGetDescriptor = function(o, key) {
+        return {value: o[key]};
+    };
+
+    var ObjectDefineProperty = function (o, key, desc) {
+        o[key] = desc.value;
+        return o;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectFreeze = function (obj) {
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectGetPrototypeOf = function (obj) {
+        try {
+            return Object(obj).constructor.prototype;
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return proto;
+        }
+    };
+
+    var ArrayIsArray = function (obj) {
+        try {
+            return str.call(obj) === "[object Array]";
+        }
+        catch(e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    module.exports = {
+        isArray: ArrayIsArray,
+        keys: ObjectKeys,
+        names: ObjectKeys,
+        defineProperty: ObjectDefineProperty,
+        getDescriptor: ObjectGetDescriptor,
+        freeze: ObjectFreeze,
+        getPrototypeOf: ObjectGetPrototypeOf,
+        isES5: isES5,
+        propertyIsWritable: function() {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+},{}],11:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, tryConvertToPromise, NEXT_FILTER) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var CancellationError = Promise.CancellationError;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var catchFilter = _dereq_("./catch_filter")(NEXT_FILTER);
+
+function PassThroughHandlerContext(promise, type, handler) {
+    this.promise = promise;
+    this.type = type;
+    this.handler = handler;
+    this.called = false;
+    this.cancelPromise = null;
+}
+
+PassThroughHandlerContext.prototype.isFinallyHandler = function() {
+    return this.type === 0;
+};
+
+function FinallyHandlerCancelReaction(finallyHandler) {
+    this.finallyHandler = finallyHandler;
+}
+
+FinallyHandlerCancelReaction.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    checkCancel(this.finallyHandler);
+};
+
+function checkCancel(ctx, reason) {
+    if (ctx.cancelPromise != null) {
+        if (arguments.length > 1) {
+            ctx.cancelPromise._reject(reason);
+        } else {
+            ctx.cancelPromise._cancel();
+        }
+        ctx.cancelPromise = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+function succeed() {
+    return finallyHandler.call(this, this.promise._target()._settledValue());
+}
+function fail(reason) {
+    if (checkCancel(this, reason)) return;
+    errorObj.e = reason;
+    return errorObj;
+}
+function finallyHandler(reasonOrValue) {
+    var promise = this.promise;
+    var handler = this.handler;
+
+    if (!this.called) {
+        this.called = true;
+        var ret = this.isFinallyHandler()
+            ? handler.call(promise._boundValue())
+            : handler.call(promise._boundValue(), reasonOrValue);
+        if (ret === NEXT_FILTER) {
+            return ret;
+        } else if (ret !== undefined) {
+            promise._setReturnedNonUndefined();
+            var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, promise);
+            if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                if (this.cancelPromise != null) {
+                    if (maybePromise._isCancelled()) {
+                        var reason =
+                            new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+                        promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+                        errorObj.e = reason;
+                        return errorObj;
+                    } else if (maybePromise.isPending()) {
+                        maybePromise._attachCancellationCallback(
+                            new FinallyHandlerCancelReaction(this));
+                    }
+                }
+                return maybePromise._then(
+                    succeed, fail, undefined, this, undefined);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (promise.isRejected()) {
+        checkCancel(this);
+        errorObj.e = reasonOrValue;
+        return errorObj;
+    } else {
+        checkCancel(this);
+        return reasonOrValue;
+    }
+}
+
+Promise.prototype._passThrough = function(handler, type, success, fail) {
+    if (typeof handler !== "function") return this.then();
+    return this._then(success,
+                      fail,
+                      undefined,
+                      new PassThroughHandlerContext(this, type, handler),
+                      undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.lastly =
+Promise.prototype["finally"] = function (handler) {
+    return this._passThrough(handler,
+                             0,
+                             finallyHandler,
+                             finallyHandler);
+};
+
+
+Promise.prototype.tap = function (handler) {
+    return this._passThrough(handler, 1, finallyHandler);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.tapCatch = function (handlerOrPredicate) {
+    var len = arguments.length;
+    if(len === 1) {
+        return this._passThrough(handlerOrPredicate,
+                                 1,
+                                 undefined,
+                                 finallyHandler);
+    } else {
+         var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
+            j = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (util.isObject(item)) {
+                catchInstances[j++] = item;
+            } else {
+                return Promise.reject(new TypeError(
+                    "tapCatch statement predicate: "
+                    + "expecting an object but got " + util.classString(item)
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        catchInstances.length = j;
+        var handler = arguments[i];
+        return this._passThrough(catchFilter(catchInstances, handler, this),
+                                 1,
+                                 undefined,
+                                 finallyHandler);
+    }
+
+};
+
+return PassThroughHandlerContext;
+};
+
+},{"./catch_filter":5,"./util":21}],12:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, async,
+         getDomain) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var reject;
+
+if (!true) {
+if (canEvaluate) {
+    var thenCallback = function(i) {
+        return new Function("value", "holder", "                             \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            holder.pIndex = value;                                           \n\
+            holder.checkFulfillment(this);                                   \n\
+            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
+    };
+
+    var promiseSetter = function(i) {
+        return new Function("promise", "holder", "                           \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            holder.pIndex = promise;                                         \n\
+            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
+    };
+
+    var generateHolderClass = function(total) {
+        var props = new Array(total);
+        for (var i = 0; i < props.length; ++i) {
+            props[i] = "this.p" + (i+1);
+        }
+        var assignment = props.join(" = ") + " = null;";
+        var cancellationCode= "var promise;\n" + props.map(function(prop) {
+            return "                                                         \n\
+                promise = " + prop + ";                                      \n\
+                if (promise instanceof Promise) {                            \n\
+                    promise.cancel();                                        \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            ";
+        }).join("\n");
+        var passedArguments = props.join(", ");
+        var name = "Holder$" + total;
+
+
+        var code = "return function(tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async) {    \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            function [TheName](fn) {                                         \n\
+                [TheProperties]                                              \n\
+                this.fn = fn;                                                \n\
+                this.asyncNeeded = true;                                     \n\
+                this.now = 0;                                                \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype._callFunction = function(promise) {          \n\
+                promise._pushContext();                                      \n\
+                var ret = tryCatch(this.fn)([ThePassedArguments]);           \n\
+                promise._popContext();                                       \n\
+                if (ret === errorObj) {                                      \n\
+                    promise._rejectCallback(ret.e, false);                   \n\
+                } else {                                                     \n\
+                    promise._resolveCallback(ret);                           \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype.checkFulfillment = function(promise) {       \n\
+                var now = ++this.now;                                        \n\
+                if (now === [TheTotal]) {                                    \n\
+                    if (this.asyncNeeded) {                                  \n\
+                        async.invoke(this._callFunction, this, promise);     \n\
+                    } else {                                                 \n\
+                        this._callFunction(promise);                         \n\
+                    }                                                        \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype._resultCancelled = function() {              \n\
+                [CancellationCode]                                           \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            return [TheName];                                                \n\
+        }(tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async);                               \n\
+        ";
+
+        code = code.replace(/\[TheName\]/g, name)
+            .replace(/\[TheTotal\]/g, total)
+            .replace(/\[ThePassedArguments\]/g, passedArguments)
+            .replace(/\[TheProperties\]/g, assignment)
+            .replace(/\[CancellationCode\]/g, cancellationCode);
+
+        return new Function("tryCatch", "errorObj", "Promise", "async", code)
+                           (tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async);
+    };
+
+    var holderClasses = [];
+    var thenCallbacks = [];
+    var promiseSetters = [];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+        holderClasses.push(generateHolderClass(i + 1));
+        thenCallbacks.push(thenCallback(i + 1));
+        promiseSetters.push(promiseSetter(i + 1));
+    }
+
+    reject = function (reason) {
+        this._reject(reason);
+    };
+}}
+
+Promise.join = function () {
+    var last = arguments.length - 1;
+    var fn;
+    if (last > 0 && typeof arguments[last] === "function") {
+        fn = arguments[last];
+        if (!true) {
+            if (last <= 8 && canEvaluate) {
+                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+                ret._captureStackTrace();
+                var HolderClass = holderClasses[last - 1];
+                var holder = new HolderClass(fn);
+                var callbacks = thenCallbacks;
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < last; ++i) {
+                    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(arguments[i], ret);
+                    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+                        var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+                        ;
+                        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                            maybePromise._then(callbacks[i], reject,
+                                               undefined, ret, holder);
+                            promiseSetters[i](maybePromise, holder);
+                            holder.asyncNeeded = false;
+                        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                            callbacks[i].call(ret,
+                                              maybePromise._value(), holder);
+                        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                            ret._reject(maybePromise._reason());
+                        } else {
+                            ret._cancel();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        callbacks[i].call(ret, maybePromise, holder);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!ret._isFateSealed()) {
+                    if (holder.asyncNeeded) {
+                        var domain = getDomain();
+                        if (domain !== null) {
+                            holder.fn = util.domainBind(domain, holder.fn);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+                    ret._setOnCancel(holder);
+                }
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    var args = [].slice.call(arguments);;
+    if (fn) args.pop();
+    var ret = new PromiseArray(args).promise();
+    return fn !== undefined ? ret.spread(fn) : ret;
+};
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":21}],13:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection, debug) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+
+Promise.method = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new Promise.TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return function () {
+        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+        ret._pushContext();
+        var value = tryCatch(fn).apply(this, arguments);
+        var promiseCreated = ret._popContext();
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+            value, promiseCreated, "Promise.method", ret);
+        ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
+        return ret;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.attempt = Promise["try"] = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    ret._pushContext();
+    var value;
+    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+        debug.deprecated("calling Promise.try with more than 1 argument");
+        var arg = arguments[1];
+        var ctx = arguments[2];
+        value = util.isArray(arg) ? tryCatch(fn).apply(ctx, arg)
+                                  : tryCatch(fn).call(ctx, arg);
+    } else {
+        value = tryCatch(fn)();
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = ret._popContext();
+    debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+        value, promiseCreated, "Promise.try", ret);
+    ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveFromSyncValue = function (value) {
+    if (value === util.errorObj) {
+        this._rejectCallback(value.e, false);
+    } else {
+        this._resolveCallback(value, true);
+    }
+};
+};
+
+},{"./util":21}],14:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
+var errors = _dereq_("./errors");
+var OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+
+function isUntypedError(obj) {
+    return obj instanceof Error &&
+        es5.getPrototypeOf(obj) === Error.prototype;
+}
+
+var rErrorKey = /^(?:name|message|stack|cause)$/;
+function wrapAsOperationalError(obj) {
+    var ret;
+    if (isUntypedError(obj)) {
+        ret = new OperationalError(obj);
+        ret.name = obj.name;
+        ret.message = obj.message;
+        ret.stack = obj.stack;
+        var keys = es5.keys(obj);
+        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+            var key = keys[i];
+            if (!rErrorKey.test(key)) {
+                ret[key] = obj[key];
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function nodebackForPromise(promise, multiArgs) {
+    return function(err, value) {
+        if (promise === null) return;
+        if (err) {
+            var wrapped = wrapAsOperationalError(maybeWrapAsError(err));
+            promise._attachExtraTrace(wrapped);
+            promise._reject(wrapped);
+        } else if (!multiArgs) {
+            promise._fulfill(value);
+        } else {
+            var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);;
+            promise._fulfill(args);
+        }
+        promise = null;
+    };
+}
+
+module.exports = nodebackForPromise;
+
+},{"./errors":9,"./es5":10,"./util":21}],15:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function() {
+var makeSelfResolutionError = function () {
+    return new TypeError("circular promise resolution chain\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+};
+var reflectHandler = function() {
+    return new Promise.PromiseInspection(this._target());
+};
+var apiRejection = function(msg) {
+    return Promise.reject(new TypeError(msg));
+};
+function Proxyable() {}
+var UNDEFINED_BINDING = {};
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+
+var getDomain;
+if (util.isNode) {
+    getDomain = function() {
+        var ret = process.domain;
+        if (ret === undefined) ret = null;
+        return ret;
+    };
+} else {
+    getDomain = function() {
+        return null;
+    };
+}
+util.notEnumerableProp(Promise, "_getDomain", getDomain);
+
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var Async = _dereq_("./async");
+var async = new Async();
+es5.defineProperty(Promise, "_async", {value: async});
+var errors = _dereq_("./errors");
+var TypeError = Promise.TypeError = errors.TypeError;
+Promise.RangeError = errors.RangeError;
+var CancellationError = Promise.CancellationError = errors.CancellationError;
+Promise.TimeoutError = errors.TimeoutError;
+Promise.OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
+Promise.RejectionError = errors.OperationalError;
+Promise.AggregateError = errors.AggregateError;
+var INTERNAL = function(){};
+var APPLY = {};
+var NEXT_FILTER = {};
+var tryConvertToPromise = _dereq_("./thenables")(Promise, INTERNAL);
+var PromiseArray =
+    _dereq_("./promise_array")(Promise, INTERNAL,
+                               tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection, Proxyable);
+var Context = _dereq_("./context")(Promise);
+ /*jshint unused:false*/
+var createContext = Context.create;
+var debug = _dereq_("./debuggability")(Promise, Context);
+var CapturedTrace = debug.CapturedTrace;
+var PassThroughHandlerContext =
+    _dereq_("./finally")(Promise, tryConvertToPromise, NEXT_FILTER);
+var catchFilter = _dereq_("./catch_filter")(NEXT_FILTER);
+var nodebackForPromise = _dereq_("./nodeback");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+function check(self, executor) {
+    if (self == null || self.constructor !== Promise) {
+        throw new TypeError("the promise constructor cannot be invoked directly\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    if (typeof executor !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(executor));
+    }
+
+}
+
+function Promise(executor) {
+    if (executor !== INTERNAL) {
+        check(this, executor);
+    }
+    this._bitField = 0;
+    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = undefined;
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = undefined;
+    this._promise0 = undefined;
+    this._receiver0 = undefined;
+    this._resolveFromExecutor(executor);
+    this._promiseCreated();
+    this._fireEvent("promiseCreated", this);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return "[object Promise]";
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.caught = Promise.prototype["catch"] = function (fn) {
+    var len = arguments.length;
+    if (len > 1) {
+        var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
+            j = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (util.isObject(item)) {
+                catchInstances[j++] = item;
+            } else {
+                return apiRejection("Catch statement predicate: " +
+                    "expecting an object but got " + util.classString(item));
+            }
+        }
+        catchInstances.length = j;
+        fn = arguments[i];
+        return this.then(undefined, catchFilter(catchInstances, fn, this));
+    }
+    return this.then(undefined, fn);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reflect = function () {
+    return this._then(reflectHandler,
+        reflectHandler, undefined, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.then = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
+    if (debug.warnings() && arguments.length > 0 &&
+        typeof didFulfill !== "function" &&
+        typeof didReject !== "function") {
+        var msg = ".then() only accepts functions but was passed: " +
+                util.classString(didFulfill);
+        if (arguments.length > 1) {
+            msg += ", " + util.classString(didReject);
+        }
+        this._warn(msg);
+    }
+    return this._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.done = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
+    var promise =
+        this._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+    promise._setIsFinal();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.spread = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return this.all()._then(fn, undefined, undefined, APPLY, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+    var ret = {
+        isFulfilled: false,
+        isRejected: false,
+        fulfillmentValue: undefined,
+        rejectionReason: undefined
+    };
+    if (this.isFulfilled()) {
+        ret.fulfillmentValue = this.value();
+        ret.isFulfilled = true;
+    } else if (this.isRejected()) {
+        ret.rejectionReason = this.reason();
+        ret.isRejected = true;
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.all = function () {
+    if (arguments.length > 0) {
+        this._warn(".all() was passed arguments but it does not take any");
+    }
+    return new PromiseArray(this).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.error = function (fn) {
+    return this.caught(util.originatesFromRejection, fn);
+};
+
+Promise.getNewLibraryCopy = module.exports;
+
+Promise.is = function (val) {
+    return val instanceof Promise;
+};
+
+Promise.fromNode = Promise.fromCallback = function(fn) {
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    var multiArgs = arguments.length > 1 ? !!Object(arguments[1]).multiArgs
+                                         : false;
+    var result = tryCatch(fn)(nodebackForPromise(ret, multiArgs));
+    if (result === errorObj) {
+        ret._rejectCallback(result.e, true);
+    }
+    if (!ret._isFateSealed()) ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.all = function (promises) {
+    return new PromiseArray(promises).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.cast = function (obj) {
+    var ret = tryConvertToPromise(obj);
+    if (!(ret instanceof Promise)) {
+        ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+        ret._setFulfilled();
+        ret._rejectionHandler0 = obj;
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.resolve = Promise.fulfilled = Promise.cast;
+
+Promise.reject = Promise.rejected = function (reason) {
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    ret._rejectCallback(reason, true);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.setScheduler = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return async.setScheduler(fn);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._then = function (
+    didFulfill,
+    didReject,
+    _,    receiver,
+    internalData
+) {
+    var haveInternalData = internalData !== undefined;
+    var promise = haveInternalData ? internalData : new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    var target = this._target();
+    var bitField = target._bitField;
+
+    if (!haveInternalData) {
+        promise._propagateFrom(this, 3);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+        if (receiver === undefined &&
+            ((this._bitField & 2097152) !== 0)) {
+            if (!((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                receiver = this._boundValue();
+            } else {
+                receiver = target === this ? undefined : this._boundTo;
+            }
+        }
+        this._fireEvent("promiseChained", this, promise);
+    }
+
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    if (!((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        var handler, value, settler = target._settlePromiseCtx;
+        if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            value = target._rejectionHandler0;
+            handler = didFulfill;
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            value = target._fulfillmentHandler0;
+            handler = didReject;
+            target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+        } else {
+            settler = target._settlePromiseLateCancellationObserver;
+            value = new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+            target._attachExtraTrace(value);
+            handler = didReject;
+        }
+
+        async.invoke(settler, target, {
+            handler: domain === null ? handler
+                : (typeof handler === "function" &&
+                    util.domainBind(domain, handler)),
+            promise: promise,
+            receiver: receiver,
+            value: value
+        });
+    } else {
+        target._addCallbacks(didFulfill, didReject, promise, receiver, domain);
+    }
+
+    return promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._length = function () {
+    return this._bitField & 65535;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFateSealed = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 117506048) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFollowing = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 67108864) === 67108864;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setLength = function (len) {
+    this._bitField = (this._bitField & -65536) |
+        (len & 65535);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFulfilled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 33554432;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseFulfilled", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setRejected = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 16777216;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseRejected", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFollowing = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 67108864;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseResolved", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setIsFinal = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 4194304;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFinal = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 4194304) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~65536);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 65536;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseCancelled", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setWillBeCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 8388608;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setAsyncGuaranteed = function() {
+    if (async.hasCustomScheduler()) return;
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 134217728;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._receiverAt = function (index) {
+    var ret = index === 0 ? this._receiver0 : this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 3];
+    if (ret === UNDEFINED_BINDING) {
+        return undefined;
+    } else if (ret === undefined && this._isBound()) {
+        return this._boundValue();
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._promiseAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 2];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfillmentHandlerAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 0];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectionHandlerAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 1];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._boundValue = function() {};
+
+Promise.prototype._migrateCallback0 = function (follower) {
+    var bitField = follower._bitField;
+    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandler0;
+    var reject = follower._rejectionHandler0;
+    var promise = follower._promise0;
+    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(0);
+    if (receiver === undefined) receiver = UNDEFINED_BINDING;
+    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, promise, receiver, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._migrateCallbackAt = function (follower, index) {
+    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandlerAt(index);
+    var reject = follower._rejectionHandlerAt(index);
+    var promise = follower._promiseAt(index);
+    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(index);
+    if (receiver === undefined) receiver = UNDEFINED_BINDING;
+    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, promise, receiver, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._addCallbacks = function (
+    fulfill,
+    reject,
+    promise,
+    receiver,
+    domain
+) {
+    var index = this._length();
+
+    if (index >= 65535 - 4) {
+        index = 0;
+        this._setLength(0);
+    }
+
+    if (index === 0) {
+        this._promise0 = promise;
+        this._receiver0 = receiver;
+        if (typeof fulfill === "function") {
+            this._fulfillmentHandler0 =
+                domain === null ? fulfill : util.domainBind(domain, fulfill);
+        }
+        if (typeof reject === "function") {
+            this._rejectionHandler0 =
+                domain === null ? reject : util.domainBind(domain, reject);
+        }
+    } else {
+        var base = index * 4 - 4;
+        this[base + 2] = promise;
+        this[base + 3] = receiver;
+        if (typeof fulfill === "function") {
+            this[base + 0] =
+                domain === null ? fulfill : util.domainBind(domain, fulfill);
+        }
+        if (typeof reject === "function") {
+            this[base + 1] =
+                domain === null ? reject : util.domainBind(domain, reject);
+        }
+    }
+    this._setLength(index + 1);
+    return index;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._proxy = function (proxyable, arg) {
+    this._addCallbacks(undefined, undefined, arg, proxyable, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveCallback = function(value, shouldBind) {
+    if (((this._bitField & 117506048) !== 0)) return;
+    if (value === this)
+        return this._rejectCallback(makeSelfResolutionError(), false);
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this);
+    if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) return this._fulfill(value);
+
+    if (shouldBind) this._propagateFrom(maybePromise, 2);
+
+    var promise = maybePromise._target();
+
+    if (promise === this) {
+        this._reject(makeSelfResolutionError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        var len = this._length();
+        if (len > 0) promise._migrateCallback0(this);
+        for (var i = 1; i < len; ++i) {
+            promise._migrateCallbackAt(this, i);
+        }
+        this._setFollowing();
+        this._setLength(0);
+        this._setFollowee(promise);
+    } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+        this._fulfill(promise._value());
+    } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+        this._reject(promise._reason());
+    } else {
+        var reason = new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+        promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+        this._reject(reason);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectCallback =
+function(reason, synchronous, ignoreNonErrorWarnings) {
+    var trace = util.ensureErrorObject(reason);
+    var hasStack = trace === reason;
+    if (!hasStack && !ignoreNonErrorWarnings && debug.warnings()) {
+        var message = "a promise was rejected with a non-error: " +
+            util.classString(reason);
+        this._warn(message, true);
+    }
+    this._attachExtraTrace(trace, synchronous ? hasStack : false);
+    this._reject(reason);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveFromExecutor = function (executor) {
+    if (executor === INTERNAL) return;
+    var promise = this;
+    this._captureStackTrace();
+    this._pushContext();
+    var synchronous = true;
+    var r = this._execute(executor, function(value) {
+        promise._resolveCallback(value);
+    }, function (reason) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous);
+    });
+    synchronous = false;
+    this._popContext();
+
+    if (r !== undefined) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(r, true);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseFromHandler = function (
+    handler, receiver, value, promise
+) {
+    var bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) return;
+    promise._pushContext();
+    var x;
+    if (receiver === APPLY) {
+        if (!value || typeof value.length !== "number") {
+            x = errorObj;
+            x.e = new TypeError("cannot .spread() a non-array: " +
+                                    util.classString(value));
+        } else {
+            x = tryCatch(handler).apply(this._boundValue(), value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        x = tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value);
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+    bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) return;
+
+    if (x === NEXT_FILTER) {
+        promise._reject(value);
+    } else if (x === errorObj) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(x.e, false);
+    } else {
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(x, promiseCreated, "",  promise, this);
+        promise._resolveCallback(x);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._target = function() {
+    var ret = this;
+    while (ret._isFollowing()) ret = ret._followee();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._followee = function() {
+    return this._rejectionHandler0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFollowee = function(promise) {
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromise = function(promise, handler, receiver, value) {
+    var isPromise = promise instanceof Promise;
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    var asyncGuaranteed = ((bitField & 134217728) !== 0);
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) {
+        if (isPromise) promise._invokeInternalOnCancel();
+
+        if (receiver instanceof PassThroughHandlerContext &&
+            receiver.isFinallyHandler()) {
+            receiver.cancelPromise = promise;
+            if (tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value) === errorObj) {
+                promise._reject(errorObj.e);
+            }
+        } else if (handler === reflectHandler) {
+            promise._fulfill(reflectHandler.call(receiver));
+        } else if (receiver instanceof Proxyable) {
+            receiver._promiseCancelled(promise);
+        } else if (isPromise || promise instanceof PromiseArray) {
+            promise._cancel();
+        } else {
+            receiver.cancel();
+        }
+    } else if (typeof handler === "function") {
+        if (!isPromise) {
+            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
+        } else {
+            if (asyncGuaranteed) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
+        }
+    } else if (receiver instanceof Proxyable) {
+        if (!receiver._isResolved()) {
+            if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                receiver._promiseFulfilled(value, promise);
+            } else {
+                receiver._promiseRejected(value, promise);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (isPromise) {
+        if (asyncGuaranteed) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+        if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            promise._fulfill(value);
+        } else {
+            promise._reject(value);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseLateCancellationObserver = function(ctx) {
+    var handler = ctx.handler;
+    var promise = ctx.promise;
+    var receiver = ctx.receiver;
+    var value = ctx.value;
+    if (typeof handler === "function") {
+        if (!(promise instanceof Promise)) {
+            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
+        } else {
+            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
+        }
+    } else if (promise instanceof Promise) {
+        promise._reject(value);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseCtx = function(ctx) {
+    this._settlePromise(ctx.promise, ctx.handler, ctx.receiver, ctx.value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromise0 = function(handler, value, bitField) {
+    var promise = this._promise0;
+    var receiver = this._receiverAt(0);
+    this._promise0 = undefined;
+    this._receiver0 = undefined;
+    this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._clearCallbackDataAtIndex = function(index) {
+    var base = index * 4 - 4;
+    this[base + 2] =
+    this[base + 3] =
+    this[base + 0] =
+    this[base + 1] = undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfill = function (value) {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 117506048) >>> 16)) return;
+    if (value === this) {
+        var err = makeSelfResolutionError();
+        this._attachExtraTrace(err);
+        return this._reject(err);
+    }
+    this._setFulfilled();
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = value;
+
+    if ((bitField & 65535) > 0) {
+        if (((bitField & 134217728) !== 0)) {
+            this._settlePromises();
+        } else {
+            async.settlePromises(this);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 117506048) >>> 16)) return;
+    this._setRejected();
+    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = reason;
+
+    if (this._isFinal()) {
+        return async.fatalError(reason, util.isNode);
+    }
+
+    if ((bitField & 65535) > 0) {
+        async.settlePromises(this);
+    } else {
+        this._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfillPromises = function (len, value) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+        var handler = this._fulfillmentHandlerAt(i);
+        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
+        var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
+        this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(i);
+        this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, value);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectPromises = function (len, reason) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+        var handler = this._rejectionHandlerAt(i);
+        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
+        var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
+        this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(i);
+        this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, reason);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromises = function () {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    var len = (bitField & 65535);
+
+    if (len > 0) {
+        if (((bitField & 16842752) !== 0)) {
+            var reason = this._fulfillmentHandler0;
+            this._settlePromise0(this._rejectionHandler0, reason, bitField);
+            this._rejectPromises(len, reason);
+        } else {
+            var value = this._rejectionHandler0;
+            this._settlePromise0(this._fulfillmentHandler0, value, bitField);
+            this._fulfillPromises(len, value);
+        }
+        this._setLength(0);
+    }
+    this._clearCancellationData();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settledValue = function() {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+        return this._rejectionHandler0;
+    } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+        return this._fulfillmentHandler0;
+    }
+};
+
+function deferResolve(v) {this.promise._resolveCallback(v);}
+function deferReject(v) {this.promise._rejectCallback(v, false);}
+
+Promise.defer = Promise.pending = function() {
+    debug.deprecated("Promise.defer", "new Promise");
+    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    return {
+        promise: promise,
+        resolve: deferResolve,
+        reject: deferReject
+    };
+};
+
+util.notEnumerableProp(Promise,
+                       "_makeSelfResolutionError",
+                       makeSelfResolutionError);
+
+_dereq_("./method")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection,
+    debug);
+_dereq_("./bind")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, debug);
+_dereq_("./cancel")(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, debug);
+_dereq_("./direct_resolve")(Promise);
+_dereq_("./synchronous_inspection")(Promise);
+_dereq_("./join")(
+    Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, async, getDomain);
+Promise.Promise = Promise;
+Promise.version = "3.5.1";
+                                                         
+    util.toFastProperties(Promise);                                          
+    util.toFastProperties(Promise.prototype);                                
+    function fillTypes(value) {                                              
+        var p = new Promise(INTERNAL);                                       
+        p._fulfillmentHandler0 = value;                                      
+        p._rejectionHandler0 = value;                                        
+        p._promise0 = value;                                                 
+        p._receiver0 = value;                                                
+    }                                                                        
+    // Complete slack tracking, opt out of field-type tracking and           
+    // stabilize map                                                         
+    fillTypes({a: 1});                                                       
+    fillTypes({b: 2});                                                       
+    fillTypes({c: 3});                                                       
+    fillTypes(1);                                                            
+    fillTypes(function(){});                                                 
+    fillTypes(undefined);                                                    
+    fillTypes(false);                                                        
+    fillTypes(new Promise(INTERNAL));                                        
+    debug.setBounds(Async.firstLineError, util.lastLineError);               
+    return Promise;                                                          
+
+};
+
+},{"./async":1,"./bind":2,"./cancel":4,"./catch_filter":5,"./context":6,"./debuggability":7,"./direct_resolve":8,"./errors":9,"./es5":10,"./finally":11,"./join":12,"./method":13,"./nodeback":14,"./promise_array":16,"./synchronous_inspection":19,"./thenables":20,"./util":21}],16:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise,
+    apiRejection, Proxyable) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var isArray = util.isArray;
+
+function toResolutionValue(val) {
+    switch(val) {
+    case -2: return [];
+    case -3: return {};
+    case -6: return new Map();
+    }
+}
+
+function PromiseArray(values) {
+    var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        promise._propagateFrom(values, 3);
+    }
+    promise._setOnCancel(this);
+    this._values = values;
+    this._length = 0;
+    this._totalResolved = 0;
+    this._init(undefined, -2);
+}
+util.inherits(PromiseArray, Proxyable);
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.length = function () {
+    return this._length;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.promise = function () {
+    return this._promise;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._init = function init(_, resolveValueIfEmpty) {
+    var values = tryConvertToPromise(this._values, this._promise);
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        values = values._target();
+        var bitField = values._bitField;
+        ;
+        this._values = values;
+
+        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+            this._promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+            return values._then(
+                init,
+                this._reject,
+                undefined,
+                this,
+                resolveValueIfEmpty
+           );
+        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            values = values._value();
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            return this._reject(values._reason());
+        } else {
+            return this._cancel();
+        }
+    }
+    values = util.asArray(values);
+    if (values === null) {
+        var err = apiRejection(
+            "expecting an array or an iterable object but got " + util.classString(values)).reason();
+        this._promise._rejectCallback(err, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (values.length === 0) {
+        if (resolveValueIfEmpty === -5) {
+            this._resolveEmptyArray();
+        }
+        else {
+            this._resolve(toResolutionValue(resolveValueIfEmpty));
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    this._iterate(values);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._iterate = function(values) {
+    var len = this.getActualLength(values.length);
+    this._length = len;
+    this._values = this.shouldCopyValues() ? new Array(len) : this._values;
+    var result = this._promise;
+    var isResolved = false;
+    var bitField = null;
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(values[i], result);
+
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+            bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+        } else {
+            bitField = null;
+        }
+
+        if (isResolved) {
+            if (bitField !== null) {
+                maybePromise.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+            }
+        } else if (bitField !== null) {
+            if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                maybePromise._proxy(this, i);
+                this._values[i] = maybePromise;
+            } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                isResolved = this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise._value(), i);
+            } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                isResolved = this._promiseRejected(maybePromise._reason(), i);
+            } else {
+                isResolved = this._promiseCancelled(i);
+            }
+        } else {
+            isResolved = this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise, i);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!isResolved) result._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._isResolved = function () {
+    return this._values === null;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._resolve = function (value) {
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._fulfill(value);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._cancel = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved() || !this._promise._isCancellable()) return;
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._cancel();
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._rejectCallback(reason, false);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    this._values[index] = value;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        this._resolve(this._values);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseCancelled = function() {
+    this._cancel();
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._totalResolved++;
+    this._reject(reason);
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    var values = this._values;
+    this._cancel();
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        values.cancel();
+    } else {
+        for (var i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
+            if (values[i] instanceof Promise) {
+                values[i].cancel();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
+    return len;
+};
+
+return PromiseArray;
+};
+
+},{"./util":21}],17:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+function arrayMove(src, srcIndex, dst, dstIndex, len) {
+    for (var j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+        dst[j + dstIndex] = src[j + srcIndex];
+        src[j + srcIndex] = void 0;
+    }
+}
+
+function Queue(capacity) {
+    this._capacity = capacity;
+    this._length = 0;
+    this._front = 0;
+}
+
+Queue.prototype._willBeOverCapacity = function (size) {
+    return this._capacity < size;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._pushOne = function (arg) {
+    var length = this.length();
+    this._checkCapacity(length + 1);
+    var i = (this._front + length) & (this._capacity - 1);
+    this[i] = arg;
+    this._length = length + 1;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.push = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+    var length = this.length() + 3;
+    if (this._willBeOverCapacity(length)) {
+        this._pushOne(fn);
+        this._pushOne(receiver);
+        this._pushOne(arg);
+        return;
+    }
+    var j = this._front + length - 3;
+    this._checkCapacity(length);
+    var wrapMask = this._capacity - 1;
+    this[(j + 0) & wrapMask] = fn;
+    this[(j + 1) & wrapMask] = receiver;
+    this[(j + 2) & wrapMask] = arg;
+    this._length = length;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.shift = function () {
+    var front = this._front,
+        ret = this[front];
+
+    this[front] = undefined;
+    this._front = (front + 1) & (this._capacity - 1);
+    this._length--;
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.length = function () {
+    return this._length;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._checkCapacity = function (size) {
+    if (this._capacity < size) {
+        this._resizeTo(this._capacity << 1);
+    }
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._resizeTo = function (capacity) {
+    var oldCapacity = this._capacity;
+    this._capacity = capacity;
+    var front = this._front;
+    var length = this._length;
+    var moveItemsCount = (front + length) & (oldCapacity - 1);
+    arrayMove(this, 0, this, oldCapacity, moveItemsCount);
+};
+
+module.exports = Queue;
+
+},{}],18:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var schedule;
+var noAsyncScheduler = function() {
+    throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+};
+var NativePromise = util.getNativePromise();
+if (util.isNode && typeof MutationObserver === "undefined") {
+    var GlobalSetImmediate = global.setImmediate;
+    var ProcessNextTick = process.nextTick;
+    schedule = util.isRecentNode
+                ? function(fn) { GlobalSetImmediate.call(global, fn); }
+                : function(fn) { ProcessNextTick.call(process, fn); };
+} else if (typeof NativePromise === "function" &&
+           typeof NativePromise.resolve === "function") {
+    var nativePromise = NativePromise.resolve();
+    schedule = function(fn) {
+        nativePromise.then(fn);
+    };
+} else if ((typeof MutationObserver !== "undefined") &&
+          !(typeof window !== "undefined" &&
+            window.navigator &&
+            (window.navigator.standalone || window.cordova))) {
+    schedule = (function() {
+        var div = document.createElement("div");
+        var opts = {attributes: true};
+        var toggleScheduled = false;
+        var div2 = document.createElement("div");
+        var o2 = new MutationObserver(function() {
+            div.classList.toggle("foo");
+            toggleScheduled = false;
+        });
+        o2.observe(div2, opts);
+
+        var scheduleToggle = function() {
+            if (toggleScheduled) return;
+            toggleScheduled = true;
+            div2.classList.toggle("foo");
+        };
+
+        return function schedule(fn) {
+            var o = new MutationObserver(function() {
+                o.disconnect();
+                fn();
+            });
+            o.observe(div, opts);
+            scheduleToggle();
+        };
+    })();
+} else if (typeof setImmediate !== "undefined") {
+    schedule = function (fn) {
+        setImmediate(fn);
+    };
+} else if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
+    schedule = function (fn) {
+        setTimeout(fn, 0);
+    };
+} else {
+    schedule = noAsyncScheduler;
+}
+module.exports = schedule;
+
+},{"./util":21}],19:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+function PromiseInspection(promise) {
+    if (promise !== undefined) {
+        promise = promise._target();
+        this._bitField = promise._bitField;
+        this._settledValueField = promise._isFateSealed()
+            ? promise._settledValue() : undefined;
+    }
+    else {
+        this._bitField = 0;
+        this._settledValueField = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+PromiseInspection.prototype._settledValue = function() {
+    return this._settledValueField;
+};
+
+var value = PromiseInspection.prototype.value = function () {
+    if (!this.isFulfilled()) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot get fulfillment value of a non-fulfilled promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+var reason = PromiseInspection.prototype.error =
+PromiseInspection.prototype.reason = function () {
+    if (!this.isRejected()) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot get rejection reason of a non-rejected promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+var isFulfilled = PromiseInspection.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 33554432) !== 0;
+};
+
+var isRejected = PromiseInspection.prototype.isRejected = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 16777216) !== 0;
+};
+
+var isPending = PromiseInspection.prototype.isPending = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 50397184) === 0;
+};
+
+var isResolved = PromiseInspection.prototype.isResolved = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 50331648) !== 0;
+};
+
+PromiseInspection.prototype.isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 8454144) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.__isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 65536) === 65536;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isCancelled = function() {
+    return this._target().__isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._target()._bitField & 8454144) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isPending = function() {
+    return isPending.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isRejected = function() {
+    return isRejected.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
+    return isFulfilled.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isResolved = function() {
+    return isResolved.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.value = function() {
+    return value.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reason = function() {
+    var target = this._target();
+    target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    return reason.call(target);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._value = function() {
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._reason = function() {
+    this._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+Promise.PromiseInspection = PromiseInspection;
+};
+
+},{}],20:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var isObject = util.isObject;
+
+function tryConvertToPromise(obj, context) {
+    if (isObject(obj)) {
+        if (obj instanceof Promise) return obj;
+        var then = getThen(obj);
+        if (then === errorObj) {
+            if (context) context._pushContext();
+            var ret = Promise.reject(then.e);
+            if (context) context._popContext();
+            return ret;
+        } else if (typeof then === "function") {
+            if (isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj)) {
+                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+                obj._then(
+                    ret._fulfill,
+                    ret._reject,
+                    undefined,
+                    ret,
+                    null
+                );
+                return ret;
+            }
+            return doThenable(obj, then, context);
+        }
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function doGetThen(obj) {
+    return obj.then;
+}
+
+function getThen(obj) {
+    try {
+        return doGetThen(obj);
+    } catch (e) {
+        errorObj.e = e;
+        return errorObj;
+    }
+}
+
+var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+function isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj) {
+    try {
+        return hasProp.call(obj, "_promise0");
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function doThenable(x, then, context) {
+    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    var ret = promise;
+    if (context) context._pushContext();
+    promise._captureStackTrace();
+    if (context) context._popContext();
+    var synchronous = true;
+    var result = util.tryCatch(then).call(x, resolve, reject);
+    synchronous = false;
+
+    if (promise && result === errorObj) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(result.e, true, true);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+
+    function resolve(value) {
+        if (!promise) return;
+        promise._resolveCallback(value);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+
+    function reject(reason) {
+        if (!promise) return;
+        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous, true);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+return tryConvertToPromise;
+};
+
+},{"./util":21}],21:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var canEvaluate = typeof navigator == "undefined";
+
+var errorObj = {e: {}};
+var tryCatchTarget;
+var globalObject = typeof self !== "undefined" ? self :
+    typeof window !== "undefined" ? window :
+    typeof global !== "undefined" ? global :
+    this !== undefined ? this : null;
+
+function tryCatcher() {
+    try {
+        var target = tryCatchTarget;
+        tryCatchTarget = null;
+        return target.apply(this, arguments);
+    } catch (e) {
+        errorObj.e = e;
+        return errorObj;
+    }
+}
+function tryCatch(fn) {
+    tryCatchTarget = fn;
+    return tryCatcher;
+}
+
+var inherits = function(Child, Parent) {
+    var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    function T() {
+        this.constructor = Child;
+        this.constructor$ = Parent;
+        for (var propertyName in Parent.prototype) {
+            if (hasProp.call(Parent.prototype, propertyName) &&
+                propertyName.charAt(propertyName.length-1) !== "$"
+           ) {
+                this[propertyName + "$"] = Parent.prototype[propertyName];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    T.prototype = Parent.prototype;
+    Child.prototype = new T();
+    return Child.prototype;
+};
+
+
+function isPrimitive(val) {
+    return val == null || val === true || val === false ||
+        typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number";
+
+}
+
+function isObject(value) {
+    return typeof value === "function" ||
+           typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
+}
+
+function maybeWrapAsError(maybeError) {
+    if (!isPrimitive(maybeError)) return maybeError;
+
+    return new Error(safeToString(maybeError));
+}
+
+function withAppended(target, appendee) {
+    var len = target.length;
+    var ret = new Array(len + 1);
+    var i;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = target[i];
+    }
+    ret[i] = appendee;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key, defaultValue) {
+    if (es5.isES5) {
+        var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
+
+        if (desc != null) {
+            return desc.get == null && desc.set == null
+                    ? desc.value
+                    : defaultValue;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return {}.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key) ? obj[key] : undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+function notEnumerableProp(obj, name, value) {
+    if (isPrimitive(obj)) return obj;
+    var descriptor = {
+        value: value,
+        configurable: true,
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: true
+    };
+    es5.defineProperty(obj, name, descriptor);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function thrower(r) {
+    throw r;
+}
+
+var inheritedDataKeys = (function() {
+    var excludedPrototypes = [
+        Array.prototype,
+        Object.prototype,
+        Function.prototype
+    ];
+
+    var isExcludedProto = function(val) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < excludedPrototypes.length; ++i) {
+            if (excludedPrototypes[i] === val) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    if (es5.isES5) {
+        var getKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+        return function(obj) {
+            var ret = [];
+            var visitedKeys = Object.create(null);
+            while (obj != null && !isExcludedProto(obj)) {
+                var keys;
+                try {
+                    keys = getKeys(obj);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+                    var key = keys[i];
+                    if (visitedKeys[key]) continue;
+                    visitedKeys[key] = true;
+                    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
+                    if (desc != null && desc.get == null && desc.set == null) {
+                        ret.push(key);
+                    }
+                }
+                obj = es5.getPrototypeOf(obj);
+            }
+            return ret;
+        };
+    } else {
+        var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+        return function(obj) {
+            if (isExcludedProto(obj)) return [];
+            var ret = [];
+
+            /*jshint forin:false */
+            enumeration: for (var key in obj) {
+                if (hasProp.call(obj, key)) {
+                    ret.push(key);
+                } else {
+                    for (var i = 0; i < excludedPrototypes.length; ++i) {
+                        if (hasProp.call(excludedPrototypes[i], key)) {
+                            continue enumeration;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ret.push(key);
+                }
+            }
+            return ret;
+        };
+    }
+
+})();
+
+var thisAssignmentPattern = /this\s*\.\s*\S+\s*=/;
+function isClass(fn) {
+    try {
+        if (typeof fn === "function") {
+            var keys = es5.names(fn.prototype);
+
+            var hasMethods = es5.isES5 && keys.length > 1;
+            var hasMethodsOtherThanConstructor = keys.length > 0 &&
+                !(keys.length === 1 && keys[0] === "constructor");
+            var hasThisAssignmentAndStaticMethods =
+                thisAssignmentPattern.test(fn + "") && es5.names(fn).length > 0;
+
+            if (hasMethods || hasMethodsOtherThanConstructor ||
+                hasThisAssignmentAndStaticMethods) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function toFastProperties(obj) {
+    /*jshint -W027,-W055,-W031*/
+    function FakeConstructor() {}
+    FakeConstructor.prototype = obj;
+    var l = 8;
+    while (l--) new FakeConstructor();
+    return obj;
+    eval(obj);
+}
+
+var rident = /^[a-z$_][a-z$_0-9]*$/i;
+function isIdentifier(str) {
+    return rident.test(str);
+}
+
+function filledRange(count, prefix, suffix) {
+    var ret = new Array(count);
+    for(var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = prefix + i + suffix;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function safeToString(obj) {
+    try {
+        return obj + "";
+    } catch (e) {
+        return "[no string representation]";
+    }
+}
+
+function isError(obj) {
+    return obj instanceof Error ||
+        (obj !== null &&
+           typeof obj === "object" &&
+           typeof obj.message === "string" &&
+           typeof obj.name === "string");
+}
+
+function markAsOriginatingFromRejection(e) {
+    try {
+        notEnumerableProp(e, "isOperational", true);
+    }
+    catch(ignore) {}
+}
+
+function originatesFromRejection(e) {
+    if (e == null) return false;
+    return ((e instanceof Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"].OperationalError) ||
+        e["isOperational"] === true);
+}
+
+function canAttachTrace(obj) {
+    return isError(obj) && es5.propertyIsWritable(obj, "stack");
+}
+
+var ensureErrorObject = (function() {
+    if (!("stack" in new Error())) {
+        return function(value) {
+            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
+            try {throw new Error(safeToString(value));}
+            catch(err) {return err;}
+        };
+    } else {
+        return function(value) {
+            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
+            return new Error(safeToString(value));
+        };
+    }
+})();
+
+function classString(obj) {
+    return {}.toString.call(obj);
+}
+
+function copyDescriptors(from, to, filter) {
+    var keys = es5.names(from);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        if (filter(key)) {
+            try {
+                es5.defineProperty(to, key, es5.getDescriptor(from, key));
+            } catch (ignore) {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+var asArray = function(v) {
+    if (es5.isArray(v)) {
+        return v;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+if (typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && Symbol.iterator) {
+    var ArrayFrom = typeof Array.from === "function" ? function(v) {
+        return Array.from(v);
+    } : function(v) {
+        var ret = [];
+        var it = v[Symbol.iterator]();
+        var itResult;
+        while (!((itResult = it.next()).done)) {
+            ret.push(itResult.value);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    asArray = function(v) {
+        if (es5.isArray(v)) {
+            return v;
+        } else if (v != null && typeof v[Symbol.iterator] === "function") {
+            return ArrayFrom(v);
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+}
+
+var isNode = typeof process !== "undefined" &&
+        classString(process).toLowerCase() === "[object process]";
+
+var hasEnvVariables = typeof process !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof process.env !== "undefined";
+
+function env(key) {
+    return hasEnvVariables ? process.env[key] : undefined;
+}
+
+function getNativePromise() {
+    if (typeof Promise === "function") {
+        try {
+            var promise = new Promise(function(){});
+            if ({}.toString.call(promise) === "[object Promise]") {
+                return Promise;
+            }
+        } catch (e) {}
+    }
+}
+
+function domainBind(self, cb) {
+    return self.bind(cb);
+}
+
+var ret = {
+    isClass: isClass,
+    isIdentifier: isIdentifier,
+    inheritedDataKeys: inheritedDataKeys,
+    getDataPropertyOrDefault: getDataPropertyOrDefault,
+    thrower: thrower,
+    isArray: es5.isArray,
+    asArray: asArray,
+    notEnumerableProp: notEnumerableProp,
+    isPrimitive: isPrimitive,
+    isObject: isObject,
+    isError: isError,
+    canEvaluate: canEvaluate,
+    errorObj: errorObj,
+    tryCatch: tryCatch,
+    inherits: inherits,
+    withAppended: withAppended,
+    maybeWrapAsError: maybeWrapAsError,
+    toFastProperties: toFastProperties,
+    filledRange: filledRange,
+    toString: safeToString,
+    canAttachTrace: canAttachTrace,
+    ensureErrorObject: ensureErrorObject,
+    originatesFromRejection: originatesFromRejection,
+    markAsOriginatingFromRejection: markAsOriginatingFromRejection,
+    classString: classString,
+    copyDescriptors: copyDescriptors,
+    hasDevTools: typeof chrome !== "undefined" && chrome &&
+                 typeof chrome.loadTimes === "function",
+    isNode: isNode,
+    hasEnvVariables: hasEnvVariables,
+    env: env,
+    global: globalObject,
+    getNativePromise: getNativePromise,
+    domainBind: domainBind
+};
+ret.isRecentNode = ret.isNode && (function() {
+    var version = process.versions.node.split(".").map(Number);
+    return (version[0] === 0 && version[1] > 10) || (version[0] > 0);
+})();
+
+if (ret.isNode) ret.toFastProperties(process);
+
+try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {ret.lastLineError = e;}
+module.exports = ret;
+
+},{"./es5":10}]},{},[3])(3)
+});                    ;if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window !== null) {                               window.P = window.Promise;                                                     } else if (typeof self !== 'undefined' && self !== null) {                             self.P = self.Promise;                                                         }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.core.min.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.core.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6aca6aa3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.core.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* @preserve
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ * 
+ */
+/**
+ * bluebird build version 3.5.1
+ * Features enabled: core
+ * Features disabled: race, call_get, generators, map, nodeify, promisify, props, reduce, settle, some, using, timers, filter, any, each
+*/
+!function(t){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=t();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],t);else{var e;"undefined"!=typeof window?e=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?e=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(e=self),e.Promise=t()}}(function(){var t,e,n;return function r(t,e,n){function i(a,s){if(!e[a]){if(!t[a]){var c="function"==typeof _dereq_&&_dereq_;if(!s&&c)return c(a,!0);if(o)return o(a,!0);var l=new Error("Cannot find module '"+a+"'");throw l.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",l}var u=e[a]={exports:{}};t[a][0].call(u.exports,function(e){var n=t[a][1][e];return i(n?n:e)},u,u.exports,r,t,e,n)}return e[a].exports}for(var o="function"==typeof _dereq_&&_dereq_,a=0;a<n.length;a++)i(n[a]);return i}({1:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(){this._customScheduler=!1,this._isTickUsed=!1,this._lateQueue=new u(16),this._normalQueue=new u(16),this._haveDrainedQueues=!1,this._trampolineEnabled=!0;var t=this;this.drainQueues=function(){t._drainQueues()},this._schedule=l}function i(t,e,n){this._lateQueue.push(t,e,n),this._queueTick()}function o(t,e,n){this._normalQueue.push(t,e,n),this._queueTick()}function a(t){this._normalQueue._pushOne(t),this._queueTick()}var s;try{throw new Error}catch(c){s=c}var l=t("./schedule"),u=t("./queue"),p=t("./util");r.prototype.setScheduler=function(t){var e=this._schedule;return this._schedule=t,this._customScheduler=!0,e},r.prototype.hasCustomScheduler=function(){return this._customScheduler},r.prototype.enableTrampoline=function(){this._trampolineEnabled=!0},r.prototype.disableTrampolineIfNecessary=function(){p.hasDevTools&&(this._trampolineEnabled=!1)},r.prototype.haveItemsQueued=function(){return this._isTickUsed||this._haveDrainedQueues},r.prototype.fatalError=function(t,e){e?(process.stderr.write("Fatal "+(t instanceof Error?t.stack:t)+"\n"),process.exit(2)):this.throwLater(t)},r.prototype.throwLater=function(t,e){if(1===arguments.length&&(e=t,t=function(){throw e}),"undefined"!=typeof setTimeout)setTimeout(function(){t(e)},0);else try{this._schedule(function(){t(e)})}catch(n){throw new Error("No async scheduler available\n\n    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\n")}},p.hasDevTools?(r.prototype.invokeLater=function(t,e,n){this._trampolineEnabled?i.call(this,t,e,n):this._schedule(function(){setTimeout(function(){t.call(e,n)},100)})},r.prototype.invoke=function(t,e,n){this._trampolineEnabled?o.call(this,t,e,n):this._schedule(function(){t.call(e,n)})},r.prototype.settlePromises=function(t){this._trampolineEnabled?a.call(this,t):this._schedule(function(){t._settlePromises()})}):(r.prototype.invokeLater=i,r.prototype.invoke=o,r.prototype.settlePromises=a),r.prototype._drainQueue=function(t){for(;t.length()>0;){var e=t.shift();if("function"==typeof e){var n=t.shift(),r=t.shift();e.call(n,r)}else e._settlePromises()}},r.prototype._drainQueues=function(){this._drainQueue(this._normalQueue),this._reset(),this._haveDrainedQueues=!0,this._drainQueue(this._lateQueue)},r.prototype._queueTick=function(){this._isTickUsed||(this._isTickUsed=!0,this._schedule(this.drainQueues))},r.prototype._reset=function(){this._isTickUsed=!1},e.exports=r,e.exports.firstLineError=s},{"./queue":17,"./schedule":18,"./util":21}],2:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(t,e,n,r){var i=!1,o=function(t,e){this._reject(e)},a=function(t,e){e.promiseRejectionQueued=!0,e.bindingPromise._then(o,o,null,this,t)},s=function(t,e){0===(50397184&this._bitField)&&this._resolveCallback(e.target)},c=function(t,e){e.promiseRejectionQueued||this._reject(t)};t.prototype.bind=function(o){i||(i=!0,t.prototype._propagateFrom=r.propagateFromFunction(),t.prototype._boundValue=r.boundValueFunction());var l=n(o),u=new t(e);u._propagateFrom(this,1);var p=this._target();if(u._setBoundTo(l),l instanceof t){var f={promiseRejectionQueued:!1,promise:u,target:p,bindingPromise:l};p._then(e,a,void 0,u,f),l._then(s,c,void 0,u,f),u._setOnCancel(l)}else u._resolveCallback(p);return u},t.prototype._setBoundTo=function(t){void 0!==t?(this._bitField=2097152|this._bitField,this._boundTo=t):this._bitField=-2097153&this._bitField},t.prototype._isBound=function(){return 2097152===(2097152&this._bitField)},t.bind=function(e,n){return t.resolve(n).bind(e)}}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(){try{Promise===o&&(Promise=i)}catch(t){}return o}var i;"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(i=Promise);var o=t("./promise")();o.noConflict=r,e.exports=o},{"./promise":15}],4:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,n,r,i){var o=t("./util"),a=o.tryCatch,s=o.errorObj,c=e._async;e.prototype["break"]=e.prototype.cancel=function(){if(!i.cancellation())return this._warn("cancellation is disabled");for(var t=this,e=t;t._isCancellable();){if(!t._cancelBy(e)){e._isFollowing()?e._followee().cancel():e._cancelBranched();break}var n=t._cancellationParent;if(null==n||!n._isCancellable()){t._isFollowing()?t._followee().cancel():t._cancelBranched();break}t._isFollowing()&&t._followee().cancel(),t._setWillBeCancelled(),e=t,t=n}},e.prototype._branchHasCancelled=function(){this._branchesRemainingToCancel--},e.prototype._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled=function(){return void 0===this._branchesRemainingToCancel||this._branchesRemainingToCancel<=0},e.prototype._cancelBy=function(t){return t===this?(this._branchesRemainingToCancel=0,this._invokeOnCancel(),!0):(this._branchHasCancelled(),this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()?(this._invokeOnCancel(),!0):!1)},e.prototype._cancelBranched=function(){this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()&&this._cancel()},e.prototype._cancel=function(){this._isCancellable()&&(this._setCancelled(),c.invoke(this._cancelPromises,this,void 0))},e.prototype._cancelPromises=function(){this._length()>0&&this._settlePromises()},e.prototype._unsetOnCancel=function(){this._onCancelField=void 0},e.prototype._isCancellable=function(){return this.isPending()&&!this._isCancelled()},e.prototype.isCancellable=function(){return this.isPending()&&!this.isCancelled()},e.prototype._doInvokeOnCancel=function(t,e){if(o.isArray(t))for(var n=0;n<t.length;++n)this._doInvokeOnCancel(t[n],e);else if(void 0!==t)if("function"==typeof t){if(!e){var r=a(t).call(this._boundValue());r===s&&(this._attachExtraTrace(r.e),c.throwLater(r.e))}}else t._resultCancelled(this)},e.prototype._invokeOnCancel=function(){var t=this._onCancel();this._unsetOnCancel(),c.invoke(this._doInvokeOnCancel,this,t)},e.prototype._invokeInternalOnCancel=function(){this._isCancellable()&&(this._doInvokeOnCancel(this._onCancel(),!0),this._unsetOnCancel())},e.prototype._resultCancelled=function(){this.cancel()}}},{"./util":21}],5:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){function n(t,n,s){return function(c){var l=s._boundValue();t:for(var u=0;u<t.length;++u){var p=t[u];if(p===Error||null!=p&&p.prototype instanceof Error){if(c instanceof p)return o(n).call(l,c)}else if("function"==typeof p){var f=o(p).call(l,c);if(f===a)return f;if(f)return o(n).call(l,c)}else if(r.isObject(c)){for(var h=i(p),_=0;_<h.length;++_){var d=h[_];if(p[d]!=c[d])continue t}return o(n).call(l,c)}}return e}}var r=t("./util"),i=t("./es5").keys,o=r.tryCatch,a=r.errorObj;return n}},{"./es5":10,"./util":21}],6:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(t){function e(){this._trace=new e.CapturedTrace(r())}function n(){return i?new e:void 0}function r(){var t=o.length-1;return t>=0?o[t]:void 0}var i=!1,o=[];return t.prototype._promiseCreated=function(){},t.prototype._pushContext=function(){},t.prototype._popContext=function(){return null},t._peekContext=t.prototype._peekContext=function(){},e.prototype._pushContext=function(){void 0!==this._trace&&(this._trace._promiseCreated=null,o.push(this._trace))},e.prototype._popContext=function(){if(void 0!==this._trace){var t=o.pop(),e=t._promiseCreated;return t._promiseCreated=null,e}return null},e.CapturedTrace=null,e.create=n,e.deactivateLongStackTraces=function(){},e.activateLongStackTraces=function(){var n=t.prototype._pushContext,o=t.prototype._popContext,a=t._peekContext,s=t.prototype._peekContext,c=t.prototype._promiseCreated;e.deactivateLongStackTraces=function(){t.prototype._pushContext=n,t.prototype._popContext=o,t._peekContext=a,t.prototype._peekContext=s,t.prototype._promiseCreated=c,i=!1},i=!0,t.prototype._pushContext=e.prototype._pushContext,t.prototype._popContext=e.prototype._popContext,t._peekContext=t.prototype._peekContext=r,t.prototype._promiseCreated=function(){var t=this._peekContext();t&&null==t._promiseCreated&&(t._promiseCreated=this)}},e}},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,n){function r(t,e){return{promise:e}}function 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b=function(){},C={},w={},E=t("./thenables")(i,b),k=t("./promise_array")(i,b,E,p,n),j=t("./context")(i),F=(j.create,t("./debuggability")(i,j)),T=(F.CapturedTrace,t("./finally")(i,E,w)),P=t("./catch_filter")(w),R=t("./nodeback"),S=h.errorObj,x=h.tryCatch;return i.prototype.toString=function(){return"[object Promise]"},i.prototype.caught=i.prototype["catch"]=function(t){var e=arguments.length;if(e>1){var n,r=new Array(e-1),i=0;for(n=0;e-1>n;++n){var o=arguments[n];if(!h.isObject(o))return p("Catch statement predicate: expecting an object but got "+h.classString(o));r[i++]=o}return r.length=i,t=arguments[n],this.then(void 0,P(r,t,this))}return this.then(void 0,t)},i.prototype.reflect=function(){return this._then(u,u,void 0,this,void 0)},i.prototype.then=function(t,e){if(F.warnings()&&arguments.length>0&&"function"!=typeof t&&"function"!=typeof e){var n=".then() only accepts functions but was passed: "+h.classString(t);arguments.length>1&&(n+=", "+h.classString(e)),this._warn(n)}return 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a=r._popContext();i=r._bitField,0===(65536&i)&&(o===w?r._reject(n):o===S?r._rejectCallback(o.e,!1):(F.checkForgottenReturns(o,a,"",r,this),r._resolveCallback(o)))}},i.prototype._target=function(){for(var t=this;t._isFollowing();)t=t._followee();return t},i.prototype._followee=function(){return this._rejectionHandler0},i.prototype._setFollowee=function(t){this._rejectionHandler0=t},i.prototype._settlePromise=function(t,e,r,o){var a=t instanceof i,s=this._bitField,c=0!==(134217728&s);0!==(65536&s)?(a&&t._invokeInternalOnCancel(),r instanceof T&&r.isFinallyHandler()?(r.cancelPromise=t,x(e).call(r,o)===S&&t._reject(S.e)):e===u?t._fulfill(u.call(r)):r instanceof n?r._promiseCancelled(t):a||t instanceof k?t._cancel():r.cancel()):"function"==typeof e?a?(c&&t._setAsyncGuaranteed(),this._settlePromiseFromHandler(e,r,o,t)):e.call(r,o,t):r instanceof 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this._attachExtraTrace(n),this._reject(n)}this._setFulfilled(),this._rejectionHandler0=t,(65535&e)>0&&(0!==(134217728&e)?this._settlePromises():v.settlePromises(this))}},i.prototype._reject=function(t){var e=this._bitField;if(!((117506048&e)>>>16))return this._setRejected(),this._fulfillmentHandler0=t,this._isFinal()?v.fatalError(t,h.isNode):void((65535&e)>0?v.settlePromises(this):this._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled())},i.prototype._fulfillPromises=function(t,e){for(var n=1;t>n;n++){var r=this._fulfillmentHandlerAt(n),i=this._promiseAt(n),o=this._receiverAt(n);this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(n),this._settlePromise(i,r,o,e)}},i.prototype._rejectPromises=function(t,e){for(var n=1;t>n;n++){var r=this._rejectionHandlerAt(n),i=this._promiseAt(n),o=this._receiverAt(n);this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(n),this._settlePromise(i,r,o,e)}},i.prototype._settlePromises=function(){var t=this._bitField,e=65535&t;if(e>0){if(0!==(16842752&t)){var n=this._fulfillmentHandler0;this._settlePromise0(this._rejectionHandler0,n,t),this._rejectPromises(e,n)}else{var r=this._rejectionHandler0;this._settlePromise0(this._fulfillmentHandler0,r,t),this._fulfillPromises(e,r)}this._setLength(0)}this._clearCancellationData()},i.prototype._settledValue=function(){var t=this._bitField;return 0!==(33554432&t)?this._rejectionHandler0:0!==(16777216&t)?this._fulfillmentHandler0:void 0},i.defer=i.pending=function(){F.deprecated("Promise.defer","new Promise");var t=new i(b);return{promise:t,resolve:o,reject:a}},h.notEnumerableProp(i,"_makeSelfResolutionError",l),t("./method")(i,b,E,p,F),t("./bind")(i,b,E,F),t("./cancel")(i,k,p,F),t("./direct_resolve")(i),t("./synchronous_inspection")(i),t("./join")(i,k,E,b,v,c),i.Promise=i,i.version="3.5.1",h.toFastProperties(i),h.toFastProperties(i.prototype),s({a:1}),s({b:2}),s({c:3}),s(1),s(function(){}),s(void 0),s(!1),s(new 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this._totalResolved++,this._reject(t),!0},s.prototype._resultCancelled=function(){if(!this._isResolved()){var t=this._values;if(this._cancel(),t instanceof e)t.cancel();else for(var n=0;n<t.length;++n)t[n]instanceof e&&t[n].cancel()}},s.prototype.shouldCopyValues=function(){return!0},s.prototype.getActualLength=function(t){return t},s}},{"./util":21}],17:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(t,e,n,r,i){for(var o=0;i>o;++o)n[o+r]=t[o+e],t[o+e]=void 0}function i(t){this._capacity=t,this._length=0,this._front=0}i.prototype._willBeOverCapacity=function(t){return this._capacity<t},i.prototype._pushOne=function(t){var e=this.length();this._checkCapacity(e+1);var n=this._front+e&this._capacity-1;this[n]=t,this._length=e+1},i.prototype.push=function(t,e,n){var r=this.length()+3;if(this._willBeOverCapacity(r))return this._pushOne(t),this._pushOne(e),void this._pushOne(n);var i=this._front+r-3;this._checkCapacity(r);var o=this._capacity-1;this[i+0&o]=t,this[i+1&o]=e,this[i+2&o]=n,this._length=r},i.prototype.shift=function(){var t=this._front,e=this[t];return this[t]=void 0,this._front=t+1&this._capacity-1,this._length--,e},i.prototype.length=function(){return this._length},i.prototype._checkCapacity=function(t){this._capacity<t&&this._resizeTo(this._capacity<<1)},i.prototype._resizeTo=function(t){var e=this._capacity;this._capacity=t;var n=this._front,i=this._length,o=n+i&e-1;r(this,0,this,e,o)},e.exports=i},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";var r,i=t("./util"),o=function(){throw new Error("No async scheduler available\n\n    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\n")},a=i.getNativePromise();if(i.isNode&&"undefined"==typeof MutationObserver){var s=global.setImmediate,c=process.nextTick;r=i.isRecentNode?function(t){s.call(global,t)}:function(t){c.call(process,t)}}else if("function"==typeof a&&"function"==typeof a.resolve){var l=a.resolve();r=function(t){l.then(t)}}else r="undefined"==typeof MutationObserver||"undefined"!=typeof window&&window.navigator&&(window.navigator.standalone||window.cordova)?"undefined"!=typeof setImmediate?function(t){setImmediate(t)}:"undefined"!=typeof setTimeout?function(t){setTimeout(t,0)}:o:function(){var t=document.createElement("div"),e={attributes:!0},n=!1,r=document.createElement("div"),i=new MutationObserver(function(){t.classList.toggle("foo"),n=!1});i.observe(r,e);var o=function(){n||(n=!0,r.classList.toggle("foo"))};return function(n){var r=new MutationObserver(function(){r.disconnect(),n()});r.observe(t,e),o()}}();e.exports=r},{"./util":21}],19:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(t){function e(t){void 0!==t?(t=t._target(),this._bitField=t._bitField,this._settledValueField=t._isFateSealed()?t._settledValue():void 0):(this._bitField=0,this._settledValueField=void 0)}e.prototype._settledValue=function(){return this._settledValueField};var n=e.prototype.value=function(){if(!this.isFulfilled())throw new TypeError("cannot get fulfillment value of a non-fulfilled promise\n\n    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\n");return this._settledValue()},r=e.prototype.error=e.prototype.reason=function(){if(!this.isRejected())throw new TypeError("cannot get rejection reason of a non-rejected promise\n\n    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\n");return this._settledValue()},i=e.prototype.isFulfilled=function(){return 0!==(33554432&this._bitField)},o=e.prototype.isRejected=function(){return 0!==(16777216&this._bitField)},a=e.prototype.isPending=function(){return 0===(50397184&this._bitField)},s=e.prototype.isResolved=function(){return 0!==(50331648&this._bitField)};e.prototype.isCancelled=function(){return 0!==(8454144&this._bitField)},t.prototype.__isCancelled=function(){return 65536===(65536&this._bitField)},t.prototype._isCancelled=function(){return this._target().__isCancelled()},t.prototype.isCancelled=function(){return 0!==(8454144&this._target()._bitField)},t.prototype.isPending=function(){return a.call(this._target())},t.prototype.isRejected=function(){return o.call(this._target())},t.prototype.isFulfilled=function(){return i.call(this._target())},t.prototype.isResolved=function(){return s.call(this._target())},t.prototype.value=function(){return n.call(this._target())},t.prototype.reason=function(){var t=this._target();return t._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled(),r.call(t)},t.prototype._value=function(){return this._settledValue()},t.prototype._reason=function(){return this._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled(),this._settledValue()},t.PromiseInspection=e}},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,n){function r(t,r){if(u(t)){if(t instanceof e)return t;var i=o(t);if(i===l){r&&r._pushContext();var c=e.reject(i.e);return r&&r._popContext(),c}if("function"==typeof i){if(a(t)){var c=new e(n);return t._then(c._fulfill,c._reject,void 0,c,null),c}return s(t,i,r)}}return t}function i(t){return t.then}function o(t){try{return i(t)}catch(e){return l.e=e,l}}function a(t){try{return p.call(t,"_promise0")}catch(e){return!1}}function s(t,r,i){function o(t){s&&(s._resolveCallback(t),s=null)}function a(t){s&&(s._rejectCallback(t,p,!0),s=null)}var s=new e(n),u=s;i&&i._pushContext(),s._captureStackTrace(),i&&i._popContext();var p=!0,f=c.tryCatch(r).call(t,o,a);return p=!1,s&&f===l&&(s._rejectCallback(f.e,!0,!0),s=null),u}var c=t("./util"),l=c.errorObj,u=c.isObject,p={}.hasOwnProperty;return r}},{"./util":21}],21:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(){try{var t=R;return R=null,t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){return P.e=e,P}}function i(t){return R=t,r}function o(t){return null==t||t===!0||t===!1||"string"==typeof t||"number"==typeof t}function a(t){return"function"==typeof t||"object"==typeof t&&null!==t}function s(t){return o(t)?new Error(v(t)):t}function c(t,e){var n,r=t.length,i=new Array(r+1);for(n=0;r>n;++n)i[n]=t[n];return i[n]=e,i}function l(t,e,n){if(!F.isES5)return{}.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e)?t[e]:void 0;var r=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e);return null!=r?null==r.get&&null==r.set?r.value:n:void 0}function u(t,e,n){if(o(t))return t;var r={value:n,configurable:!0,enumerable:!1,writable:!0};return F.defineProperty(t,e,r),t}function p(t){throw t}function f(t){try{if("function"==typeof t){var e=F.names(t.prototype),n=F.isES5&&e.length>1,r=e.length>0&&!(1===e.length&&"constructor"===e[0]),i=A.test(t+"")&&F.names(t).length>0;if(n||r||i)return!0}return!1}catch(o){return!1}}function h(t){function e(){}e.prototype=t;for(var n=8;n--;)new e;return t}function _(t){return N.test(t)}function d(t,e,n){for(var r=new Array(t),i=0;t>i;++i)r[i]=e+i+n;return r}function v(t){try{return t+""}catch(e){return"[no string representation]"}}function y(t){return t instanceof Error||null!==t&&"object"==typeof t&&"string"==typeof t.message&&"string"==typeof t.name}function g(t){try{u(t,"isOperational",!0)}catch(e){}}function m(t){return null==t?!1:t instanceof Error.__BluebirdErrorTypes__.OperationalError||t.isOperational===!0}function b(t){return y(t)&&F.propertyIsWritable(t,"stack")}function C(t){return{}.toString.call(t)}function w(t,e,n){for(var r=F.names(t),i=0;i<r.length;++i){var o=r[i];if(n(o))try{F.defineProperty(e,o,F.getDescriptor(t,o))}catch(a){}}}function E(t){return H?process.env[t]:void 0}function k(){if("function"==typeof Promise)try{var t=new Promise(function(){});if("[object Promise]"==={}.toString.call(t))return Promise}catch(e){}}function j(t,e){return t.bind(e)}var F=t("./es5"),T="undefined"==typeof navigator,P={e:{}},R,S="undefined"!=typeof self?self:"undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:void 0!==this?this:null,x=function(t,e){function n(){this.constructor=t,this.constructor$=e;for(var n in e.prototype)r.call(e.prototype,n)&&"$"!==n.charAt(n.length-1)&&(this[n+"$"]=e.prototype[n])}var r={}.hasOwnProperty;return n.prototype=e.prototype,t.prototype=new n,t.prototype},O=function(){var t=[Array.prototype,Object.prototype,Function.prototype],e=function(e){for(var n=0;n<t.length;++n)if(t[n]===e)return!0;return!1};if(F.isES5){var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames;return function(t){for(var r=[],i=Object.create(null);null!=t&&!e(t);){var o;try{o=n(t)}catch(a){return r}for(var s=0;s<o.length;++s){var c=o[s];if(!i[c]){i[c]=!0;var l=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,c);null!=l&&null==l.get&&null==l.set&&r.push(c)}}t=F.getPrototypeOf(t)}return r}}var r={}.hasOwnProperty;return function(n){if(e(n))return[];var i=[];t:for(var o in n)if(r.call(n,o))i.push(o);else{for(var a=0;a<t.length;++a)if(r.call(t[a],o))continue t;i.push(o)}return i}}(),A=/this\s*\.\s*\S+\s*=/,N=/^[a-z$_][a-z$_0-9]*$/i,L=function(){return"stack"in new Error?function(t){return b(t)?t:new Error(v(t))}:function(t){if(b(t))return t;try{throw new Error(v(t))}catch(e){return e}}}(),B=function(t){return F.isArray(t)?t:null};if("undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.iterator){var U="function"==typeof Array.from?function(t){return Array.from(t)}:function(t){for(var e,n=[],r=t[Symbol.iterator]();!(e=r.next()).done;)n.push(e.value);return n};B=function(t){return F.isArray(t)?t:null!=t&&"function"==typeof t[Symbol.iterator]?U(t):null}}var I="undefined"!=typeof process&&"[object process]"===C(process).toLowerCase(),H="undefined"!=typeof process&&"undefined"!=typeof process.env,D={isClass:f,isIdentifier:_,inheritedDataKeys:O,getDataPropertyOrDefault:l,thrower:p,isArray:F.isArray,asArray:B,notEnumerableProp:u,isPrimitive:o,isObject:a,isError:y,canEvaluate:T,errorObj:P,tryCatch:i,inherits:x,withAppended:c,maybeWrapAsError:s,toFastProperties:h,filledRange:d,toString:v,canAttachTrace:b,ensureErrorObject:L,originatesFromRejection:m,markAsOriginatingFromRejection:g,classString:C,copyDescriptors:w,hasDevTools:"undefined"!=typeof chrome&&chrome&&"function"==typeof chrome.loadTimes,isNode:I,hasEnvVariables:H,env:E,global:S,getNativePromise:k,domainBind:j};D.isRecentNode=D.isNode&&function(){var t=process.versions.node.split(".").map(Number);return 0===t[0]&&t[1]>10||t[0]>0}(),D.isNode&&D.toFastProperties(process);try{throw new Error}catch(V){D.lastLineError=V}e.exports=D},{"./es5":10}]},{},[3])(3)}),"undefined"!=typeof window&&null!==window?window.P=window.Promise:"undefined"!=typeof self&&null!==self&&(self.P=self.Promise);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bc524b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5623 @@
+/* @preserve
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ * 
+ */
+/**
+ * bluebird build version 3.5.1
+ * Features enabled: core, race, call_get, generators, map, nodeify, promisify, props, reduce, settle, some, using, timers, filter, any, each
+*/
+!function(e){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],e);else{var f;"undefined"!=typeof window?f=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?f=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(f=self),f.Promise=e()}}(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof _dereq_=="function"&&_dereq_;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof _dereq_=="function"&&_dereq_;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var SomePromiseArray = Promise._SomePromiseArray;
+function any(promises) {
+    var ret = new SomePromiseArray(promises);
+    var promise = ret.promise();
+    ret.setHowMany(1);
+    ret.setUnwrap();
+    ret.init();
+    return promise;
+}
+
+Promise.any = function (promises) {
+    return any(promises);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.any = function () {
+    return any(this);
+};
+
+};
+
+},{}],2:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var firstLineError;
+try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {firstLineError = e;}
+var schedule = _dereq_("./schedule");
+var Queue = _dereq_("./queue");
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+
+function Async() {
+    this._customScheduler = false;
+    this._isTickUsed = false;
+    this._lateQueue = new Queue(16);
+    this._normalQueue = new Queue(16);
+    this._haveDrainedQueues = false;
+    this._trampolineEnabled = true;
+    var self = this;
+    this.drainQueues = function () {
+        self._drainQueues();
+    };
+    this._schedule = schedule;
+}
+
+Async.prototype.setScheduler = function(fn) {
+    var prev = this._schedule;
+    this._schedule = fn;
+    this._customScheduler = true;
+    return prev;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.hasCustomScheduler = function() {
+    return this._customScheduler;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.enableTrampoline = function() {
+    this._trampolineEnabled = true;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.disableTrampolineIfNecessary = function() {
+    if (util.hasDevTools) {
+        this._trampolineEnabled = false;
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype.haveItemsQueued = function () {
+    return this._isTickUsed || this._haveDrainedQueues;
+};
+
+
+Async.prototype.fatalError = function(e, isNode) {
+    if (isNode) {
+        process.stderr.write("Fatal " + (e instanceof Error ? e.stack : e) +
+            "\n");
+        process.exit(2);
+    } else {
+        this.throwLater(e);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype.throwLater = function(fn, arg) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+        arg = fn;
+        fn = function () { throw arg; };
+    }
+    if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
+        setTimeout(function() {
+            fn(arg);
+        }, 0);
+    } else try {
+        this._schedule(function() {
+            fn(arg);
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+};
+
+function AsyncInvokeLater(fn, receiver, arg) {
+    this._lateQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+function AsyncInvoke(fn, receiver, arg) {
+    this._normalQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+function AsyncSettlePromises(promise) {
+    this._normalQueue._pushOne(promise);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+if (!util.hasDevTools) {
+    Async.prototype.invokeLater = AsyncInvokeLater;
+    Async.prototype.invoke = AsyncInvoke;
+    Async.prototype.settlePromises = AsyncSettlePromises;
+} else {
+    Async.prototype.invokeLater = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncInvokeLater.call(this, fn, receiver, arg);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                setTimeout(function() {
+                    fn.call(receiver, arg);
+                }, 100);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    Async.prototype.invoke = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncInvoke.call(this, fn, receiver, arg);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                fn.call(receiver, arg);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    Async.prototype.settlePromises = function(promise) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncSettlePromises.call(this, promise);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                promise._settlePromises();
+            });
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+Async.prototype._drainQueue = function(queue) {
+    while (queue.length() > 0) {
+        var fn = queue.shift();
+        if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+            fn._settlePromises();
+            continue;
+        }
+        var receiver = queue.shift();
+        var arg = queue.shift();
+        fn.call(receiver, arg);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype._drainQueues = function () {
+    this._drainQueue(this._normalQueue);
+    this._reset();
+    this._haveDrainedQueues = true;
+    this._drainQueue(this._lateQueue);
+};
+
+Async.prototype._queueTick = function () {
+    if (!this._isTickUsed) {
+        this._isTickUsed = true;
+        this._schedule(this.drainQueues);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype._reset = function () {
+    this._isTickUsed = false;
+};
+
+module.exports = Async;
+module.exports.firstLineError = firstLineError;
+
+},{"./queue":26,"./schedule":29,"./util":36}],3:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, debug) {
+var calledBind = false;
+var rejectThis = function(_, e) {
+    this._reject(e);
+};
+
+var targetRejected = function(e, context) {
+    context.promiseRejectionQueued = true;
+    context.bindingPromise._then(rejectThis, rejectThis, null, this, e);
+};
+
+var bindingResolved = function(thisArg, context) {
+    if (((this._bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        this._resolveCallback(context.target);
+    }
+};
+
+var bindingRejected = function(e, context) {
+    if (!context.promiseRejectionQueued) this._reject(e);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.bind = function (thisArg) {
+    if (!calledBind) {
+        calledBind = true;
+        Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = debug.propagateFromFunction();
+        Promise.prototype._boundValue = debug.boundValueFunction();
+    }
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thisArg);
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._propagateFrom(this, 1);
+    var target = this._target();
+    ret._setBoundTo(maybePromise);
+    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+        var context = {
+            promiseRejectionQueued: false,
+            promise: ret,
+            target: target,
+            bindingPromise: maybePromise
+        };
+        target._then(INTERNAL, targetRejected, undefined, ret, context);
+        maybePromise._then(
+            bindingResolved, bindingRejected, undefined, ret, context);
+        ret._setOnCancel(maybePromise);
+    } else {
+        ret._resolveCallback(target);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setBoundTo = function (obj) {
+    if (obj !== undefined) {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField | 2097152;
+        this._boundTo = obj;
+    } else {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~2097152);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isBound = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 2097152) === 2097152;
+};
+
+Promise.bind = function (thisArg, value) {
+    return Promise.resolve(value).bind(thisArg);
+};
+};
+
+},{}],4:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var old;
+if (typeof Promise !== "undefined") old = Promise;
+function noConflict() {
+    try { if (Promise === bluebird) Promise = old; }
+    catch (e) {}
+    return bluebird;
+}
+var bluebird = _dereq_("./promise")();
+bluebird.noConflict = noConflict;
+module.exports = bluebird;
+
+},{"./promise":22}],5:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var cr = Object.create;
+if (cr) {
+    var callerCache = cr(null);
+    var getterCache = cr(null);
+    callerCache[" size"] = getterCache[" size"] = 0;
+}
+
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var isIdentifier = util.isIdentifier;
+
+var getMethodCaller;
+var getGetter;
+if (!true) {
+var makeMethodCaller = function (methodName) {
+    return new Function("ensureMethod", "                                    \n\
+        return function(obj) {                                               \n\
+            'use strict'                                                     \n\
+            var len = this.length;                                           \n\
+            ensureMethod(obj, 'methodName');                                 \n\
+            switch(len) {                                                    \n\
+                case 1: return obj.methodName(this[0]);                      \n\
+                case 2: return obj.methodName(this[0], this[1]);             \n\
+                case 3: return obj.methodName(this[0], this[1], this[2]);    \n\
+                case 0: return obj.methodName();                             \n\
+                default:                                                     \n\
+                    return obj.methodName.apply(obj, this);                  \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+        };                                                                   \n\
+        ".replace(/methodName/g, methodName))(ensureMethod);
+};
+
+var makeGetter = function (propertyName) {
+    return new Function("obj", "                                             \n\
+        'use strict';                                                        \n\
+        return obj.propertyName;                                             \n\
+        ".replace("propertyName", propertyName));
+};
+
+var getCompiled = function(name, compiler, cache) {
+    var ret = cache[name];
+    if (typeof ret !== "function") {
+        if (!isIdentifier(name)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ret = compiler(name);
+        cache[name] = ret;
+        cache[" size"]++;
+        if (cache[" size"] > 512) {
+            var keys = Object.keys(cache);
+            for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) delete cache[keys[i]];
+            cache[" size"] = keys.length - 256;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+getMethodCaller = function(name) {
+    return getCompiled(name, makeMethodCaller, callerCache);
+};
+
+getGetter = function(name) {
+    return getCompiled(name, makeGetter, getterCache);
+};
+}
+
+function ensureMethod(obj, methodName) {
+    var fn;
+    if (obj != null) fn = obj[methodName];
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        var message = "Object " + util.classString(obj) + " has no method '" +
+            util.toString(methodName) + "'";
+        throw new Promise.TypeError(message);
+    }
+    return fn;
+}
+
+function caller(obj) {
+    var methodName = this.pop();
+    var fn = ensureMethod(obj, methodName);
+    return fn.apply(obj, this);
+}
+Promise.prototype.call = function (methodName) {
+    var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);;
+    if (!true) {
+        if (canEvaluate) {
+            var maybeCaller = getMethodCaller(methodName);
+            if (maybeCaller !== null) {
+                return this._then(
+                    maybeCaller, undefined, undefined, args, undefined);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    args.push(methodName);
+    return this._then(caller, undefined, undefined, args, undefined);
+};
+
+function namedGetter(obj) {
+    return obj[this];
+}
+function indexedGetter(obj) {
+    var index = +this;
+    if (index < 0) index = Math.max(0, index + obj.length);
+    return obj[index];
+}
+Promise.prototype.get = function (propertyName) {
+    var isIndex = (typeof propertyName === "number");
+    var getter;
+    if (!isIndex) {
+        if (canEvaluate) {
+            var maybeGetter = getGetter(propertyName);
+            getter = maybeGetter !== null ? maybeGetter : namedGetter;
+        } else {
+            getter = namedGetter;
+        }
+    } else {
+        getter = indexedGetter;
+    }
+    return this._then(getter, undefined, undefined, propertyName, undefined);
+};
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],6:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, debug) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var async = Promise._async;
+
+Promise.prototype["break"] = Promise.prototype.cancel = function() {
+    if (!debug.cancellation()) return this._warn("cancellation is disabled");
+
+    var promise = this;
+    var child = promise;
+    while (promise._isCancellable()) {
+        if (!promise._cancelBy(child)) {
+            if (child._isFollowing()) {
+                child._followee().cancel();
+            } else {
+                child._cancelBranched();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        var parent = promise._cancellationParent;
+        if (parent == null || !parent._isCancellable()) {
+            if (promise._isFollowing()) {
+                promise._followee().cancel();
+            } else {
+                promise._cancelBranched();
+            }
+            break;
+        } else {
+            if (promise._isFollowing()) promise._followee().cancel();
+            promise._setWillBeCancelled();
+            child = promise;
+            promise = parent;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._branchHasCancelled = function() {
+    this._branchesRemainingToCancel--;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled = function() {
+    return this._branchesRemainingToCancel === undefined ||
+           this._branchesRemainingToCancel <= 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelBy = function(canceller) {
+    if (canceller === this) {
+        this._branchesRemainingToCancel = 0;
+        this._invokeOnCancel();
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        this._branchHasCancelled();
+        if (this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()) {
+            this._invokeOnCancel();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelBranched = function() {
+    if (this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()) {
+        this._cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancel = function() {
+    if (!this._isCancellable()) return;
+    this._setCancelled();
+    async.invoke(this._cancelPromises, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelPromises = function() {
+    if (this._length() > 0) this._settlePromises();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetOnCancel = function() {
+    this._onCancelField = undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isCancellable = function() {
+    return this.isPending() && !this._isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isCancellable = function() {
+    return this.isPending() && !this.isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._doInvokeOnCancel = function(onCancelCallback, internalOnly) {
+    if (util.isArray(onCancelCallback)) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < onCancelCallback.length; ++i) {
+            this._doInvokeOnCancel(onCancelCallback[i], internalOnly);
+        }
+    } else if (onCancelCallback !== undefined) {
+        if (typeof onCancelCallback === "function") {
+            if (!internalOnly) {
+                var e = tryCatch(onCancelCallback).call(this._boundValue());
+                if (e === errorObj) {
+                    this._attachExtraTrace(e.e);
+                    async.throwLater(e.e);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            onCancelCallback._resultCancelled(this);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._invokeOnCancel = function() {
+    var onCancelCallback = this._onCancel();
+    this._unsetOnCancel();
+    async.invoke(this._doInvokeOnCancel, this, onCancelCallback);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._invokeInternalOnCancel = function() {
+    if (this._isCancellable()) {
+        this._doInvokeOnCancel(this._onCancel(), true);
+        this._unsetOnCancel();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    this.cancel();
+};
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],7:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(NEXT_FILTER) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var getKeys = _dereq_("./es5").keys;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+
+function catchFilter(instances, cb, promise) {
+    return function(e) {
+        var boundTo = promise._boundValue();
+        predicateLoop: for (var i = 0; i < instances.length; ++i) {
+            var item = instances[i];
+
+            if (item === Error ||
+                (item != null && item.prototype instanceof Error)) {
+                if (e instanceof item) {
+                    return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+                }
+            } else if (typeof item === "function") {
+                var matchesPredicate = tryCatch(item).call(boundTo, e);
+                if (matchesPredicate === errorObj) {
+                    return matchesPredicate;
+                } else if (matchesPredicate) {
+                    return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+                }
+            } else if (util.isObject(e)) {
+                var keys = getKeys(item);
+                for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; ++j) {
+                    var key = keys[j];
+                    if (item[key] != e[key]) {
+                        continue predicateLoop;
+                    }
+                }
+                return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+            }
+        }
+        return NEXT_FILTER;
+    };
+}
+
+return catchFilter;
+};
+
+},{"./es5":13,"./util":36}],8:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var longStackTraces = false;
+var contextStack = [];
+
+Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._pushContext = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._popContext = function() {return null;};
+Promise._peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext = function() {};
+
+function Context() {
+    this._trace = new Context.CapturedTrace(peekContext());
+}
+Context.prototype._pushContext = function () {
+    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
+        this._trace._promiseCreated = null;
+        contextStack.push(this._trace);
+    }
+};
+
+Context.prototype._popContext = function () {
+    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
+        var trace = contextStack.pop();
+        var ret = trace._promiseCreated;
+        trace._promiseCreated = null;
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+function createContext() {
+    if (longStackTraces) return new Context();
+}
+
+function peekContext() {
+    var lastIndex = contextStack.length - 1;
+    if (lastIndex >= 0) {
+        return contextStack[lastIndex];
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+Context.CapturedTrace = null;
+Context.create = createContext;
+Context.deactivateLongStackTraces = function() {};
+Context.activateLongStackTraces = function() {
+    var Promise_pushContext = Promise.prototype._pushContext;
+    var Promise_popContext = Promise.prototype._popContext;
+    var Promise_PeekContext = Promise._peekContext;
+    var Promise_peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext;
+    var Promise_promiseCreated = Promise.prototype._promiseCreated;
+    Context.deactivateLongStackTraces = function() {
+        Promise.prototype._pushContext = Promise_pushContext;
+        Promise.prototype._popContext = Promise_popContext;
+        Promise._peekContext = Promise_PeekContext;
+        Promise.prototype._peekContext = Promise_peekContext;
+        Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = Promise_promiseCreated;
+        longStackTraces = false;
+    };
+    longStackTraces = true;
+    Promise.prototype._pushContext = Context.prototype._pushContext;
+    Promise.prototype._popContext = Context.prototype._popContext;
+    Promise._peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext = peekContext;
+    Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = function() {
+        var ctx = this._peekContext();
+        if (ctx && ctx._promiseCreated == null) ctx._promiseCreated = this;
+    };
+};
+return Context;
+};
+
+},{}],9:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, Context) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var async = Promise._async;
+var Warning = _dereq_("./errors").Warning;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var canAttachTrace = util.canAttachTrace;
+var unhandledRejectionHandled;
+var possiblyUnhandledRejection;
+var bluebirdFramePattern =
+    /[\\\/]bluebird[\\\/]js[\\\/](release|debug|instrumented)/;
+var nodeFramePattern = /\((?:timers\.js):\d+:\d+\)/;
+var parseLinePattern = /[\/<\(](.+?):(\d+):(\d+)\)?\s*$/;
+var stackFramePattern = null;
+var formatStack = null;
+var indentStackFrames = false;
+var printWarning;
+var debugging = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_DEBUG") != 0 &&
+                        (true ||
+                         util.env("BLUEBIRD_DEBUG") ||
+                         util.env("NODE_ENV") === "development"));
+
+var warnings = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_WARNINGS") != 0 &&
+    (debugging || util.env("BLUEBIRD_WARNINGS")));
+
+var longStackTraces = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_LONG_STACK_TRACES") != 0 &&
+    (debugging || util.env("BLUEBIRD_LONG_STACK_TRACES")));
+
+var wForgottenReturn = util.env("BLUEBIRD_W_FORGOTTEN_RETURN") != 0 &&
+    (warnings || !!util.env("BLUEBIRD_W_FORGOTTEN_RETURN"));
+
+Promise.prototype.suppressUnhandledRejections = function() {
+    var target = this._target();
+    target._bitField = ((target._bitField & (~1048576)) |
+                      524288);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled = function () {
+    if ((this._bitField & 524288) !== 0) return;
+    this._setRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    var self = this;
+    setTimeout(function() {
+        self._notifyUnhandledRejection();
+    }, 1);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled = function () {
+    fireRejectionEvent("rejectionHandled",
+                                  unhandledRejectionHandled, undefined, this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setReturnedNonUndefined = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 268435456;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._returnedNonUndefined = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 268435456) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejection = function () {
+    if (this._isRejectionUnhandled()) {
+        var reason = this._settledValue();
+        this._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
+        fireRejectionEvent("unhandledRejection",
+                                      possiblyUnhandledRejection, reason, this);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 262144;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~262144);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isUnhandledRejectionNotified = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 262144) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 1048576;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~1048576);
+    if (this._isUnhandledRejectionNotified()) {
+        this._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
+        this._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isRejectionUnhandled = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 1048576) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._warn = function(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise) {
+    return warn(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise || this);
+};
+
+Promise.onPossiblyUnhandledRejection = function (fn) {
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    possiblyUnhandledRejection =
+        typeof fn === "function" ? (domain === null ?
+                                            fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn))
+                                 : undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.onUnhandledRejectionHandled = function (fn) {
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    unhandledRejectionHandled =
+        typeof fn === "function" ? (domain === null ?
+                                            fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn))
+                                 : undefined;
+};
+
+var disableLongStackTraces = function() {};
+Promise.longStackTraces = function () {
+    if (async.haveItemsQueued() && !config.longStackTraces) {
+        throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    if (!config.longStackTraces && longStackTracesIsSupported()) {
+        var Promise_captureStackTrace = Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace;
+        var Promise_attachExtraTrace = Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace;
+        config.longStackTraces = true;
+        disableLongStackTraces = function() {
+            if (async.haveItemsQueued() && !config.longStackTraces) {
+                throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+            }
+            Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = Promise_captureStackTrace;
+            Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = Promise_attachExtraTrace;
+            Context.deactivateLongStackTraces();
+            async.enableTrampoline();
+            config.longStackTraces = false;
+        };
+        Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = longStackTracesCaptureStackTrace;
+        Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = longStackTracesAttachExtraTrace;
+        Context.activateLongStackTraces();
+        async.disableTrampolineIfNecessary();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.hasLongStackTraces = function () {
+    return config.longStackTraces && longStackTracesIsSupported();
+};
+
+var fireDomEvent = (function() {
+    try {
+        if (typeof CustomEvent === "function") {
+            var event = new CustomEvent("CustomEvent");
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = new CustomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), {
+                    detail: event,
+                    cancelable: true
+                });
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        } else if (typeof Event === "function") {
+            var event = new Event("CustomEvent");
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = new Event(name.toLowerCase(), {
+                    cancelable: true
+                });
+                domEvent.detail = event;
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        } else {
+            var event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+            event.initCustomEvent("testingtheevent", false, true, {});
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+                domEvent.initCustomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), false, true,
+                    event);
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        }
+    } catch (e) {}
+    return function() {
+        return false;
+    };
+})();
+
+var fireGlobalEvent = (function() {
+    if (util.isNode) {
+        return function() {
+            return process.emit.apply(process, arguments);
+        };
+    } else {
+        if (!util.global) {
+            return function() {
+                return false;
+            };
+        }
+        return function(name) {
+            var methodName = "on" + name.toLowerCase();
+            var method = util.global[methodName];
+            if (!method) return false;
+            method.apply(util.global, [].slice.call(arguments, 1));
+            return true;
+        };
+    }
+})();
+
+function generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject(name, promise) {
+    return {promise: promise};
+}
+
+var eventToObjectGenerator = {
+    promiseCreated: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseFulfilled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseRejected: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseResolved: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseCancelled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseChained: function(name, promise, child) {
+        return {promise: promise, child: child};
+    },
+    warning: function(name, warning) {
+        return {warning: warning};
+    },
+    unhandledRejection: function (name, reason, promise) {
+        return {reason: reason, promise: promise};
+    },
+    rejectionHandled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject
+};
+
+var activeFireEvent = function (name) {
+    var globalEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        globalEventFired = fireGlobalEvent.apply(null, arguments);
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+        globalEventFired = true;
+    }
+
+    var domEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        domEventFired = fireDomEvent(name,
+                    eventToObjectGenerator[name].apply(null, arguments));
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+        domEventFired = true;
+    }
+
+    return domEventFired || globalEventFired;
+};
+
+Promise.config = function(opts) {
+    opts = Object(opts);
+    if ("longStackTraces" in opts) {
+        if (opts.longStackTraces) {
+            Promise.longStackTraces();
+        } else if (!opts.longStackTraces && Promise.hasLongStackTraces()) {
+            disableLongStackTraces();
+        }
+    }
+    if ("warnings" in opts) {
+        var warningsOption = opts.warnings;
+        config.warnings = !!warningsOption;
+        wForgottenReturn = config.warnings;
+
+        if (util.isObject(warningsOption)) {
+            if ("wForgottenReturn" in warningsOption) {
+                wForgottenReturn = !!warningsOption.wForgottenReturn;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ("cancellation" in opts && opts.cancellation && !config.cancellation) {
+        if (async.haveItemsQueued()) {
+            throw new Error(
+                "cannot enable cancellation after promises are in use");
+        }
+        Promise.prototype._clearCancellationData =
+            cancellationClearCancellationData;
+        Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = cancellationPropagateFrom;
+        Promise.prototype._onCancel = cancellationOnCancel;
+        Promise.prototype._setOnCancel = cancellationSetOnCancel;
+        Promise.prototype._attachCancellationCallback =
+            cancellationAttachCancellationCallback;
+        Promise.prototype._execute = cancellationExecute;
+        propagateFromFunction = cancellationPropagateFrom;
+        config.cancellation = true;
+    }
+    if ("monitoring" in opts) {
+        if (opts.monitoring && !config.monitoring) {
+            config.monitoring = true;
+            Promise.prototype._fireEvent = activeFireEvent;
+        } else if (!opts.monitoring && config.monitoring) {
+            config.monitoring = false;
+            Promise.prototype._fireEvent = defaultFireEvent;
+        }
+    }
+    return Promise;
+};
+
+function defaultFireEvent() { return false; }
+
+Promise.prototype._fireEvent = defaultFireEvent;
+Promise.prototype._execute = function(executor, resolve, reject) {
+    try {
+        executor(resolve, reject);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return e;
+    }
+};
+Promise.prototype._onCancel = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._setOnCancel = function (handler) { ; };
+Promise.prototype._attachCancellationCallback = function(onCancel) {
+    ;
+};
+Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._clearCancellationData = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = function (parent, flags) {
+    ;
+    ;
+};
+
+function cancellationExecute(executor, resolve, reject) {
+    var promise = this;
+    try {
+        executor(resolve, reject, function(onCancel) {
+            if (typeof onCancel !== "function") {
+                throw new TypeError("onCancel must be a function, got: " +
+                                    util.toString(onCancel));
+            }
+            promise._attachCancellationCallback(onCancel);
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        return e;
+    }
+}
+
+function cancellationAttachCancellationCallback(onCancel) {
+    if (!this._isCancellable()) return this;
+
+    var previousOnCancel = this._onCancel();
+    if (previousOnCancel !== undefined) {
+        if (util.isArray(previousOnCancel)) {
+            previousOnCancel.push(onCancel);
+        } else {
+            this._setOnCancel([previousOnCancel, onCancel]);
+        }
+    } else {
+        this._setOnCancel(onCancel);
+    }
+}
+
+function cancellationOnCancel() {
+    return this._onCancelField;
+}
+
+function cancellationSetOnCancel(onCancel) {
+    this._onCancelField = onCancel;
+}
+
+function cancellationClearCancellationData() {
+    this._cancellationParent = undefined;
+    this._onCancelField = undefined;
+}
+
+function cancellationPropagateFrom(parent, flags) {
+    if ((flags & 1) !== 0) {
+        this._cancellationParent = parent;
+        var branchesRemainingToCancel = parent._branchesRemainingToCancel;
+        if (branchesRemainingToCancel === undefined) {
+            branchesRemainingToCancel = 0;
+        }
+        parent._branchesRemainingToCancel = branchesRemainingToCancel + 1;
+    }
+    if ((flags & 2) !== 0 && parent._isBound()) {
+        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
+    }
+}
+
+function bindingPropagateFrom(parent, flags) {
+    if ((flags & 2) !== 0 && parent._isBound()) {
+        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
+    }
+}
+var propagateFromFunction = bindingPropagateFrom;
+
+function boundValueFunction() {
+    var ret = this._boundTo;
+    if (ret !== undefined) {
+        if (ret instanceof Promise) {
+            if (ret.isFulfilled()) {
+                return ret.value();
+            } else {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function longStackTracesCaptureStackTrace() {
+    this._trace = new CapturedTrace(this._peekContext());
+}
+
+function longStackTracesAttachExtraTrace(error, ignoreSelf) {
+    if (canAttachTrace(error)) {
+        var trace = this._trace;
+        if (trace !== undefined) {
+            if (ignoreSelf) trace = trace._parent;
+        }
+        if (trace !== undefined) {
+            trace.attachExtraTrace(error);
+        } else if (!error.__stackCleaned__) {
+            var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(error);
+            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "stack",
+                parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n"));
+            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function checkForgottenReturns(returnValue, promiseCreated, name, promise,
+                               parent) {
+    if (returnValue === undefined && promiseCreated !== null &&
+        wForgottenReturn) {
+        if (parent !== undefined && parent._returnedNonUndefined()) return;
+        if ((promise._bitField & 65535) === 0) return;
+
+        if (name) name = name + " ";
+        var handlerLine = "";
+        var creatorLine = "";
+        if (promiseCreated._trace) {
+            var traceLines = promiseCreated._trace.stack.split("\n");
+            var stack = cleanStack(traceLines);
+            for (var i = stack.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                var line = stack[i];
+                if (!nodeFramePattern.test(line)) {
+                    var lineMatches = line.match(parseLinePattern);
+                    if (lineMatches) {
+                        handlerLine  = "at " + lineMatches[1] +
+                            ":" + lineMatches[2] + ":" + lineMatches[3] + " ";
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (stack.length > 0) {
+                var firstUserLine = stack[0];
+                for (var i = 0; i < traceLines.length; ++i) {
+
+                    if (traceLines[i] === firstUserLine) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            creatorLine = "\n" + traceLines[i - 1];
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+        var msg = "a promise was created in a " + name +
+            "handler " + handlerLine + "but was not returned from it, " +
+            "see http://goo.gl/rRqMUw" +
+            creatorLine;
+        promise._warn(msg, true, promiseCreated);
+    }
+}
+
+function deprecated(name, replacement) {
+    var message = name +
+        " is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.";
+    if (replacement) message += " Use " + replacement + " instead.";
+    return warn(message);
+}
+
+function warn(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise) {
+    if (!config.warnings) return;
+    var warning = new Warning(message);
+    var ctx;
+    if (shouldUseOwnTrace) {
+        promise._attachExtraTrace(warning);
+    } else if (config.longStackTraces && (ctx = Promise._peekContext())) {
+        ctx.attachExtraTrace(warning);
+    } else {
+        var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(warning);
+        warning.stack = parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (!activeFireEvent("warning", warning)) {
+        formatAndLogError(warning, "", true);
+    }
+}
+
+function reconstructStack(message, stacks) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length - 1; ++i) {
+        stacks[i].push("From previous event:");
+        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
+    }
+    if (i < stacks.length) {
+        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
+    }
+    return message + "\n" + stacks.join("\n");
+}
+
+function removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
+        if (stacks[i].length === 0 ||
+            ((i + 1 < stacks.length) && stacks[i][0] === stacks[i+1][0])) {
+            stacks.splice(i, 1);
+            i--;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function removeCommonRoots(stacks) {
+    var current = stacks[0];
+    for (var i = 1; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
+        var prev = stacks[i];
+        var currentLastIndex = current.length - 1;
+        var currentLastLine = current[currentLastIndex];
+        var commonRootMeetPoint = -1;
+
+        for (var j = prev.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+            if (prev[j] === currentLastLine) {
+                commonRootMeetPoint = j;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (var j = commonRootMeetPoint; j >= 0; --j) {
+            var line = prev[j];
+            if (current[currentLastIndex] === line) {
+                current.pop();
+                currentLastIndex--;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        current = prev;
+    }
+}
+
+function cleanStack(stack) {
+    var ret = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
+        var line = stack[i];
+        var isTraceLine = "    (No stack trace)" === line ||
+            stackFramePattern.test(line);
+        var isInternalFrame = isTraceLine && shouldIgnore(line);
+        if (isTraceLine && !isInternalFrame) {
+            if (indentStackFrames && line.charAt(0) !== " ") {
+                line = "    " + line;
+            }
+            ret.push(line);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function stackFramesAsArray(error) {
+    var stack = error.stack.replace(/\s+$/g, "").split("\n");
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
+        var line = stack[i];
+        if ("    (No stack trace)" === line || stackFramePattern.test(line)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i > 0 && error.name != "SyntaxError") {
+        stack = stack.slice(i);
+    }
+    return stack;
+}
+
+function parseStackAndMessage(error) {
+    var stack = error.stack;
+    var message = error.toString();
+    stack = typeof stack === "string" && stack.length > 0
+                ? stackFramesAsArray(error) : ["    (No stack trace)"];
+    return {
+        message: message,
+        stack: error.name == "SyntaxError" ? stack : cleanStack(stack)
+    };
+}
+
+function formatAndLogError(error, title, isSoft) {
+    if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
+        var message;
+        if (util.isObject(error)) {
+            var stack = error.stack;
+            message = title + formatStack(stack, error);
+        } else {
+            message = title + String(error);
+        }
+        if (typeof printWarning === "function") {
+            printWarning(message, isSoft);
+        } else if (typeof console.log === "function" ||
+            typeof console.log === "object") {
+            console.log(message);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function fireRejectionEvent(name, localHandler, reason, promise) {
+    var localEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        if (typeof localHandler === "function") {
+            localEventFired = true;
+            if (name === "rejectionHandled") {
+                localHandler(promise);
+            } else {
+                localHandler(reason, promise);
+            }
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+    }
+
+    if (name === "unhandledRejection") {
+        if (!activeFireEvent(name, reason, promise) && !localEventFired) {
+            formatAndLogError(reason, "Unhandled rejection ");
+        }
+    } else {
+        activeFireEvent(name, promise);
+    }
+}
+
+function formatNonError(obj) {
+    var str;
+    if (typeof obj === "function") {
+        str = "[function " +
+            (obj.name || "anonymous") +
+            "]";
+    } else {
+        str = obj && typeof obj.toString === "function"
+            ? obj.toString() : util.toString(obj);
+        var ruselessToString = /\[object [a-zA-Z0-9$_]+\]/;
+        if (ruselessToString.test(str)) {
+            try {
+                var newStr = JSON.stringify(obj);
+                str = newStr;
+            }
+            catch(e) {
+
+            }
+        }
+        if (str.length === 0) {
+            str = "(empty array)";
+        }
+    }
+    return ("(<" + snip(str) + ">, no stack trace)");
+}
+
+function snip(str) {
+    var maxChars = 41;
+    if (str.length < maxChars) {
+        return str;
+    }
+    return str.substr(0, maxChars - 3) + "...";
+}
+
+function longStackTracesIsSupported() {
+    return typeof captureStackTrace === "function";
+}
+
+var shouldIgnore = function() { return false; };
+var parseLineInfoRegex = /[\/<\(]([^:\/]+):(\d+):(?:\d+)\)?\s*$/;
+function parseLineInfo(line) {
+    var matches = line.match(parseLineInfoRegex);
+    if (matches) {
+        return {
+            fileName: matches[1],
+            line: parseInt(matches[2], 10)
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+function setBounds(firstLineError, lastLineError) {
+    if (!longStackTracesIsSupported()) return;
+    var firstStackLines = firstLineError.stack.split("\n");
+    var lastStackLines = lastLineError.stack.split("\n");
+    var firstIndex = -1;
+    var lastIndex = -1;
+    var firstFileName;
+    var lastFileName;
+    for (var i = 0; i < firstStackLines.length; ++i) {
+        var result = parseLineInfo(firstStackLines[i]);
+        if (result) {
+            firstFileName = result.fileName;
+            firstIndex = result.line;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < lastStackLines.length; ++i) {
+        var result = parseLineInfo(lastStackLines[i]);
+        if (result) {
+            lastFileName = result.fileName;
+            lastIndex = result.line;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (firstIndex < 0 || lastIndex < 0 || !firstFileName || !lastFileName ||
+        firstFileName !== lastFileName || firstIndex >= lastIndex) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    shouldIgnore = function(line) {
+        if (bluebirdFramePattern.test(line)) return true;
+        var info = parseLineInfo(line);
+        if (info) {
+            if (info.fileName === firstFileName &&
+                (firstIndex <= info.line && info.line <= lastIndex)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+}
+
+function CapturedTrace(parent) {
+    this._parent = parent;
+    this._promisesCreated = 0;
+    var length = this._length = 1 + (parent === undefined ? 0 : parent._length);
+    captureStackTrace(this, CapturedTrace);
+    if (length > 32) this.uncycle();
+}
+util.inherits(CapturedTrace, Error);
+Context.CapturedTrace = CapturedTrace;
+
+CapturedTrace.prototype.uncycle = function() {
+    var length = this._length;
+    if (length < 2) return;
+    var nodes = [];
+    var stackToIndex = {};
+
+    for (var i = 0, node = this; node !== undefined; ++i) {
+        nodes.push(node);
+        node = node._parent;
+    }
+    length = this._length = i;
+    for (var i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        var stack = nodes[i].stack;
+        if (stackToIndex[stack] === undefined) {
+            stackToIndex[stack] = i;
+        }
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        var currentStack = nodes[i].stack;
+        var index = stackToIndex[currentStack];
+        if (index !== undefined && index !== i) {
+            if (index > 0) {
+                nodes[index - 1]._parent = undefined;
+                nodes[index - 1]._length = 1;
+            }
+            nodes[i]._parent = undefined;
+            nodes[i]._length = 1;
+            var cycleEdgeNode = i > 0 ? nodes[i - 1] : this;
+
+            if (index < length - 1) {
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent = nodes[index + 1];
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent.uncycle();
+                cycleEdgeNode._length =
+                    cycleEdgeNode._parent._length + 1;
+            } else {
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent = undefined;
+                cycleEdgeNode._length = 1;
+            }
+            var currentChildLength = cycleEdgeNode._length + 1;
+            for (var j = i - 2; j >= 0; --j) {
+                nodes[j]._length = currentChildLength;
+                currentChildLength++;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+CapturedTrace.prototype.attachExtraTrace = function(error) {
+    if (error.__stackCleaned__) return;
+    this.uncycle();
+    var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(error);
+    var message = parsed.message;
+    var stacks = [parsed.stack];
+
+    var trace = this;
+    while (trace !== undefined) {
+        stacks.push(cleanStack(trace.stack.split("\n")));
+        trace = trace._parent;
+    }
+    removeCommonRoots(stacks);
+    removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks);
+    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "stack", reconstructStack(message, stacks));
+    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
+};
+
+var captureStackTrace = (function stackDetection() {
+    var v8stackFramePattern = /^\s*at\s*/;
+    var v8stackFormatter = function(stack, error) {
+        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;
+
+        if (error.name !== undefined &&
+            error.message !== undefined) {
+            return error.toString();
+        }
+        return formatNonError(error);
+    };
+
+    if (typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number" &&
+        typeof Error.captureStackTrace === "function") {
+        Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        var captureStackTrace = Error.captureStackTrace;
+
+        shouldIgnore = function(line) {
+            return bluebirdFramePattern.test(line);
+        };
+        return function(receiver, ignoreUntil) {
+            Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+            captureStackTrace(receiver, ignoreUntil);
+            Error.stackTraceLimit -= 6;
+        };
+    }
+    var err = new Error();
+
+    if (typeof err.stack === "string" &&
+        err.stack.split("\n")[0].indexOf("stackDetection@") >= 0) {
+        stackFramePattern = /@/;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        indentStackFrames = true;
+        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
+            o.stack = new Error().stack;
+        };
+    }
+
+    var hasStackAfterThrow;
+    try { throw new Error(); }
+    catch(e) {
+        hasStackAfterThrow = ("stack" in e);
+    }
+    if (!("stack" in err) && hasStackAfterThrow &&
+        typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number") {
+        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
+            Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+            try { throw new Error(); }
+            catch(e) { o.stack = e.stack; }
+            Error.stackTraceLimit -= 6;
+        };
+    }
+
+    formatStack = function(stack, error) {
+        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;
+
+        if ((typeof error === "object" ||
+            typeof error === "function") &&
+            error.name !== undefined &&
+            error.message !== undefined) {
+            return error.toString();
+        }
+        return formatNonError(error);
+    };
+
+    return null;
+
+})([]);
+
+if (typeof console !== "undefined" && typeof console.warn !== "undefined") {
+    printWarning = function (message) {
+        console.warn(message);
+    };
+    if (util.isNode && process.stderr.isTTY) {
+        printWarning = function(message, isSoft) {
+            var color = isSoft ? "\u001b[33m" : "\u001b[31m";
+            console.warn(color + message + "\u001b[0m\n");
+        };
+    } else if (!util.isNode && typeof (new Error().stack) === "string") {
+        printWarning = function(message, isSoft) {
+            console.warn("%c" + message,
+                        isSoft ? "color: darkorange" : "color: red");
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+var config = {
+    warnings: warnings,
+    longStackTraces: false,
+    cancellation: false,
+    monitoring: false
+};
+
+if (longStackTraces) Promise.longStackTraces();
+
+return {
+    longStackTraces: function() {
+        return config.longStackTraces;
+    },
+    warnings: function() {
+        return config.warnings;
+    },
+    cancellation: function() {
+        return config.cancellation;
+    },
+    monitoring: function() {
+        return config.monitoring;
+    },
+    propagateFromFunction: function() {
+        return propagateFromFunction;
+    },
+    boundValueFunction: function() {
+        return boundValueFunction;
+    },
+    checkForgottenReturns: checkForgottenReturns,
+    setBounds: setBounds,
+    warn: warn,
+    deprecated: deprecated,
+    CapturedTrace: CapturedTrace,
+    fireDomEvent: fireDomEvent,
+    fireGlobalEvent: fireGlobalEvent
+};
+};
+
+},{"./errors":12,"./util":36}],10:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+function returner() {
+    return this.value;
+}
+function thrower() {
+    throw this.reason;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype["return"] =
+Promise.prototype.thenReturn = function (value) {
+    if (value instanceof Promise) value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+    return this._then(
+        returner, undefined, undefined, {value: value}, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype["throw"] =
+Promise.prototype.thenThrow = function (reason) {
+    return this._then(
+        thrower, undefined, undefined, {reason: reason}, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.catchThrow = function (reason) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+        return this._then(
+            undefined, thrower, undefined, {reason: reason}, undefined);
+    } else {
+        var _reason = arguments[1];
+        var handler = function() {throw _reason;};
+        return this.caught(reason, handler);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.catchReturn = function (value) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+        if (value instanceof Promise) value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+        return this._then(
+            undefined, returner, undefined, {value: value}, undefined);
+    } else {
+        var _value = arguments[1];
+        if (_value instanceof Promise) _value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+        var handler = function() {return _value;};
+        return this.caught(value, handler);
+    }
+};
+};
+
+},{}],11:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var PromiseReduce = Promise.reduce;
+var PromiseAll = Promise.all;
+
+function promiseAllThis() {
+    return PromiseAll(this);
+}
+
+function PromiseMapSeries(promises, fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(promises, fn, INTERNAL, INTERNAL);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.each = function (fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(this, fn, INTERNAL, 0)
+              ._then(promiseAllThis, undefined, undefined, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.mapSeries = function (fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(this, fn, INTERNAL, INTERNAL);
+};
+
+Promise.each = function (promises, fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(promises, fn, INTERNAL, 0)
+              ._then(promiseAllThis, undefined, undefined, promises, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.mapSeries = PromiseMapSeries;
+};
+
+
+},{}],12:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var Objectfreeze = es5.freeze;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var inherits = util.inherits;
+var notEnumerableProp = util.notEnumerableProp;
+
+function subError(nameProperty, defaultMessage) {
+    function SubError(message) {
+        if (!(this instanceof SubError)) return new SubError(message);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "message",
+            typeof message === "string" ? message : defaultMessage);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "name", nameProperty);
+        if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+            Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+        } else {
+            Error.call(this);
+        }
+    }
+    inherits(SubError, Error);
+    return SubError;
+}
+
+var _TypeError, _RangeError;
+var Warning = subError("Warning", "warning");
+var CancellationError = subError("CancellationError", "cancellation error");
+var TimeoutError = subError("TimeoutError", "timeout error");
+var AggregateError = subError("AggregateError", "aggregate error");
+try {
+    _TypeError = TypeError;
+    _RangeError = RangeError;
+} catch(e) {
+    _TypeError = subError("TypeError", "type error");
+    _RangeError = subError("RangeError", "range error");
+}
+
+var methods = ("join pop push shift unshift slice filter forEach some " +
+    "every map indexOf lastIndexOf reduce reduceRight sort reverse").split(" ");
+
+for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; ++i) {
+    if (typeof Array.prototype[methods[i]] === "function") {
+        AggregateError.prototype[methods[i]] = Array.prototype[methods[i]];
+    }
+}
+
+es5.defineProperty(AggregateError.prototype, "length", {
+    value: 0,
+    configurable: false,
+    writable: true,
+    enumerable: true
+});
+AggregateError.prototype["isOperational"] = true;
+var level = 0;
+AggregateError.prototype.toString = function() {
+    var indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
+    var ret = "\n" + indent + "AggregateError of:" + "\n";
+    level++;
+    indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
+        var str = this[i] === this ? "[Circular AggregateError]" : this[i] + "";
+        var lines = str.split("\n");
+        for (var j = 0; j < lines.length; ++j) {
+            lines[j] = indent + lines[j];
+        }
+        str = lines.join("\n");
+        ret += str + "\n";
+    }
+    level--;
+    return ret;
+};
+
+function OperationalError(message) {
+    if (!(this instanceof OperationalError))
+        return new OperationalError(message);
+    notEnumerableProp(this, "name", "OperationalError");
+    notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message);
+    this.cause = message;
+    this["isOperational"] = true;
+
+    if (message instanceof Error) {
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message.message);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "stack", message.stack);
+    } else if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+    }
+
+}
+inherits(OperationalError, Error);
+
+var errorTypes = Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"];
+if (!errorTypes) {
+    errorTypes = Objectfreeze({
+        CancellationError: CancellationError,
+        TimeoutError: TimeoutError,
+        OperationalError: OperationalError,
+        RejectionError: OperationalError,
+        AggregateError: AggregateError
+    });
+    es5.defineProperty(Error, "__BluebirdErrorTypes__", {
+        value: errorTypes,
+        writable: false,
+        enumerable: false,
+        configurable: false
+    });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+    Error: Error,
+    TypeError: _TypeError,
+    RangeError: _RangeError,
+    CancellationError: errorTypes.CancellationError,
+    OperationalError: errorTypes.OperationalError,
+    TimeoutError: errorTypes.TimeoutError,
+    AggregateError: errorTypes.AggregateError,
+    Warning: Warning
+};
+
+},{"./es5":13,"./util":36}],13:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+var isES5 = (function(){
+    "use strict";
+    return this === undefined;
+})();
+
+if (isES5) {
+    module.exports = {
+        freeze: Object.freeze,
+        defineProperty: Object.defineProperty,
+        getDescriptor: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+        keys: Object.keys,
+        names: Object.getOwnPropertyNames,
+        getPrototypeOf: Object.getPrototypeOf,
+        isArray: Array.isArray,
+        isES5: isES5,
+        propertyIsWritable: function(obj, prop) {
+            var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop);
+            return !!(!descriptor || descriptor.writable || descriptor.set);
+        }
+    };
+} else {
+    var has = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+    var str = {}.toString;
+    var proto = {}.constructor.prototype;
+
+    var ObjectKeys = function (o) {
+        var ret = [];
+        for (var key in o) {
+            if (has.call(o, key)) {
+                ret.push(key);
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectGetDescriptor = function(o, key) {
+        return {value: o[key]};
+    };
+
+    var ObjectDefineProperty = function (o, key, desc) {
+        o[key] = desc.value;
+        return o;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectFreeze = function (obj) {
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectGetPrototypeOf = function (obj) {
+        try {
+            return Object(obj).constructor.prototype;
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return proto;
+        }
+    };
+
+    var ArrayIsArray = function (obj) {
+        try {
+            return str.call(obj) === "[object Array]";
+        }
+        catch(e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    module.exports = {
+        isArray: ArrayIsArray,
+        keys: ObjectKeys,
+        names: ObjectKeys,
+        defineProperty: ObjectDefineProperty,
+        getDescriptor: ObjectGetDescriptor,
+        freeze: ObjectFreeze,
+        getPrototypeOf: ObjectGetPrototypeOf,
+        isES5: isES5,
+        propertyIsWritable: function() {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+},{}],14:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var PromiseMap = Promise.map;
+
+Promise.prototype.filter = function (fn, options) {
+    return PromiseMap(this, fn, options, INTERNAL);
+};
+
+Promise.filter = function (promises, fn, options) {
+    return PromiseMap(promises, fn, options, INTERNAL);
+};
+};
+
+},{}],15:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, tryConvertToPromise, NEXT_FILTER) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var CancellationError = Promise.CancellationError;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var catchFilter = _dereq_("./catch_filter")(NEXT_FILTER);
+
+function PassThroughHandlerContext(promise, type, handler) {
+    this.promise = promise;
+    this.type = type;
+    this.handler = handler;
+    this.called = false;
+    this.cancelPromise = null;
+}
+
+PassThroughHandlerContext.prototype.isFinallyHandler = function() {
+    return this.type === 0;
+};
+
+function FinallyHandlerCancelReaction(finallyHandler) {
+    this.finallyHandler = finallyHandler;
+}
+
+FinallyHandlerCancelReaction.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    checkCancel(this.finallyHandler);
+};
+
+function checkCancel(ctx, reason) {
+    if (ctx.cancelPromise != null) {
+        if (arguments.length > 1) {
+            ctx.cancelPromise._reject(reason);
+        } else {
+            ctx.cancelPromise._cancel();
+        }
+        ctx.cancelPromise = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+function succeed() {
+    return finallyHandler.call(this, this.promise._target()._settledValue());
+}
+function fail(reason) {
+    if (checkCancel(this, reason)) return;
+    errorObj.e = reason;
+    return errorObj;
+}
+function finallyHandler(reasonOrValue) {
+    var promise = this.promise;
+    var handler = this.handler;
+
+    if (!this.called) {
+        this.called = true;
+        var ret = this.isFinallyHandler()
+            ? handler.call(promise._boundValue())
+            : handler.call(promise._boundValue(), reasonOrValue);
+        if (ret === NEXT_FILTER) {
+            return ret;
+        } else if (ret !== undefined) {
+            promise._setReturnedNonUndefined();
+            var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, promise);
+            if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                if (this.cancelPromise != null) {
+                    if (maybePromise._isCancelled()) {
+                        var reason =
+                            new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+                        promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+                        errorObj.e = reason;
+                        return errorObj;
+                    } else if (maybePromise.isPending()) {
+                        maybePromise._attachCancellationCallback(
+                            new FinallyHandlerCancelReaction(this));
+                    }
+                }
+                return maybePromise._then(
+                    succeed, fail, undefined, this, undefined);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (promise.isRejected()) {
+        checkCancel(this);
+        errorObj.e = reasonOrValue;
+        return errorObj;
+    } else {
+        checkCancel(this);
+        return reasonOrValue;
+    }
+}
+
+Promise.prototype._passThrough = function(handler, type, success, fail) {
+    if (typeof handler !== "function") return this.then();
+    return this._then(success,
+                      fail,
+                      undefined,
+                      new PassThroughHandlerContext(this, type, handler),
+                      undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.lastly =
+Promise.prototype["finally"] = function (handler) {
+    return this._passThrough(handler,
+                             0,
+                             finallyHandler,
+                             finallyHandler);
+};
+
+
+Promise.prototype.tap = function (handler) {
+    return this._passThrough(handler, 1, finallyHandler);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.tapCatch = function (handlerOrPredicate) {
+    var len = arguments.length;
+    if(len === 1) {
+        return this._passThrough(handlerOrPredicate,
+                                 1,
+                                 undefined,
+                                 finallyHandler);
+    } else {
+         var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
+            j = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (util.isObject(item)) {
+                catchInstances[j++] = item;
+            } else {
+                return Promise.reject(new TypeError(
+                    "tapCatch statement predicate: "
+                    + "expecting an object but got " + util.classString(item)
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        catchInstances.length = j;
+        var handler = arguments[i];
+        return this._passThrough(catchFilter(catchInstances, handler, this),
+                                 1,
+                                 undefined,
+                                 finallyHandler);
+    }
+
+};
+
+return PassThroughHandlerContext;
+};
+
+},{"./catch_filter":7,"./util":36}],16:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise,
+                          apiRejection,
+                          INTERNAL,
+                          tryConvertToPromise,
+                          Proxyable,
+                          debug) {
+var errors = _dereq_("./errors");
+var TypeError = errors.TypeError;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var yieldHandlers = [];
+
+function promiseFromYieldHandler(value, yieldHandlers, traceParent) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < yieldHandlers.length; ++i) {
+        traceParent._pushContext();
+        var result = tryCatch(yieldHandlers[i])(value);
+        traceParent._popContext();
+        if (result === errorObj) {
+            traceParent._pushContext();
+            var ret = Promise.reject(errorObj.e);
+            traceParent._popContext();
+            return ret;
+        }
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(result, traceParent);
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) return maybePromise;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+function PromiseSpawn(generatorFunction, receiver, yieldHandler, stack) {
+    if (debug.cancellation()) {
+        var internal = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        var _finallyPromise = this._finallyPromise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        this._promise = internal.lastly(function() {
+            return _finallyPromise;
+        });
+        internal._captureStackTrace();
+        internal._setOnCancel(this);
+    } else {
+        var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+    }
+    this._stack = stack;
+    this._generatorFunction = generatorFunction;
+    this._receiver = receiver;
+    this._generator = undefined;
+    this._yieldHandlers = typeof yieldHandler === "function"
+        ? [yieldHandler].concat(yieldHandlers)
+        : yieldHandlers;
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._cancellationPhase = false;
+}
+util.inherits(PromiseSpawn, Proxyable);
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._isResolved = function() {
+    return this._promise === null;
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._cleanup = function() {
+    this._promise = this._generator = null;
+    if (debug.cancellation() && this._finallyPromise !== null) {
+        this._finallyPromise._fulfill();
+        this._finallyPromise = null;
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._promiseCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    var implementsReturn = typeof this._generator["return"] !== "undefined";
+
+    var result;
+    if (!implementsReturn) {
+        var reason = new Promise.CancellationError(
+            "generator .return() sentinel");
+        Promise.coroutine.returnSentinel = reason;
+        this._promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+        this._promise._pushContext();
+        result = tryCatch(this._generator["throw"]).call(this._generator,
+                                                         reason);
+        this._promise._popContext();
+    } else {
+        this._promise._pushContext();
+        result = tryCatch(this._generator["return"]).call(this._generator,
+                                                          undefined);
+        this._promise._popContext();
+    }
+    this._cancellationPhase = true;
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._continue(result);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function(value) {
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._promise._pushContext();
+    var result = tryCatch(this._generator.next).call(this._generator, value);
+    this._promise._popContext();
+    this._continue(result);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._promiseRejected = function(reason) {
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+    this._promise._pushContext();
+    var result = tryCatch(this._generator["throw"])
+        .call(this._generator, reason);
+    this._promise._popContext();
+    this._continue(result);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._yieldedPromise instanceof Promise) {
+        var promise = this._yieldedPromise;
+        this._yieldedPromise = null;
+        promise.cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype.promise = function () {
+    return this._promise;
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._run = function () {
+    this._generator = this._generatorFunction.call(this._receiver);
+    this._receiver =
+        this._generatorFunction = undefined;
+    this._promiseFulfilled(undefined);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._continue = function (result) {
+    var promise = this._promise;
+    if (result === errorObj) {
+        this._cleanup();
+        if (this._cancellationPhase) {
+            return promise.cancel();
+        } else {
+            return promise._rejectCallback(result.e, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    var value = result.value;
+    if (result.done === true) {
+        this._cleanup();
+        if (this._cancellationPhase) {
+            return promise.cancel();
+        } else {
+            return promise._resolveCallback(value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this._promise);
+        if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) {
+            maybePromise =
+                promiseFromYieldHandler(maybePromise,
+                                        this._yieldHandlers,
+                                        this._promise);
+            if (maybePromise === null) {
+                this._promiseRejected(
+                    new TypeError(
+                        "A value %s was yielded that could not be treated as a promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a\u000a".replace("%s", String(value)) +
+                        "From coroutine:\u000a" +
+                        this._stack.split("\n").slice(1, -7).join("\n")
+                    )
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+        var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+        ;
+        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+            this._yieldedPromise = maybePromise;
+            maybePromise._proxy(this, null);
+        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            Promise._async.invoke(
+                this._promiseFulfilled, this, maybePromise._value()
+            );
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            Promise._async.invoke(
+                this._promiseRejected, this, maybePromise._reason()
+            );
+        } else {
+            this._promiseCancelled();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.coroutine = function (generatorFunction, options) {
+    if (typeof generatorFunction !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("generatorFunction must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    var yieldHandler = Object(options).yieldHandler;
+    var PromiseSpawn$ = PromiseSpawn;
+    var stack = new Error().stack;
+    return function () {
+        var generator = generatorFunction.apply(this, arguments);
+        var spawn = new PromiseSpawn$(undefined, undefined, yieldHandler,
+                                      stack);
+        var ret = spawn.promise();
+        spawn._generator = generator;
+        spawn._promiseFulfilled(undefined);
+        return ret;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.coroutine.addYieldHandler = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    yieldHandlers.push(fn);
+};
+
+Promise.spawn = function (generatorFunction) {
+    debug.deprecated("Promise.spawn()", "Promise.coroutine()");
+    if (typeof generatorFunction !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("generatorFunction must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    var spawn = new PromiseSpawn(generatorFunction, this);
+    var ret = spawn.promise();
+    spawn._run(Promise.spawn);
+    return ret;
+};
+};
+
+},{"./errors":12,"./util":36}],17:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, async,
+         getDomain) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var reject;
+
+if (!true) {
+if (canEvaluate) {
+    var thenCallback = function(i) {
+        return new Function("value", "holder", "                             \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            holder.pIndex = value;                                           \n\
+            holder.checkFulfillment(this);                                   \n\
+            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
+    };
+
+    var promiseSetter = function(i) {
+        return new Function("promise", "holder", "                           \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            holder.pIndex = promise;                                         \n\
+            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
+    };
+
+    var generateHolderClass = function(total) {
+        var props = new Array(total);
+        for (var i = 0; i < props.length; ++i) {
+            props[i] = "this.p" + (i+1);
+        }
+        var assignment = props.join(" = ") + " = null;";
+        var cancellationCode= "var promise;\n" + props.map(function(prop) {
+            return "                                                         \n\
+                promise = " + prop + ";                                      \n\
+                if (promise instanceof Promise) {                            \n\
+                    promise.cancel();                                        \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            ";
+        }).join("\n");
+        var passedArguments = props.join(", ");
+        var name = "Holder$" + total;
+
+
+        var code = "return function(tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async) {    \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            function [TheName](fn) {                                         \n\
+                [TheProperties]                                              \n\
+                this.fn = fn;                                                \n\
+                this.asyncNeeded = true;                                     \n\
+                this.now = 0;                                                \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype._callFunction = function(promise) {          \n\
+                promise._pushContext();                                      \n\
+                var ret = tryCatch(this.fn)([ThePassedArguments]);           \n\
+                promise._popContext();                                       \n\
+                if (ret === errorObj) {                                      \n\
+                    promise._rejectCallback(ret.e, false);                   \n\
+                } else {                                                     \n\
+                    promise._resolveCallback(ret);                           \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype.checkFulfillment = function(promise) {       \n\
+                var now = ++this.now;                                        \n\
+                if (now === [TheTotal]) {                                    \n\
+                    if (this.asyncNeeded) {                                  \n\
+                        async.invoke(this._callFunction, this, promise);     \n\
+                    } else {                                                 \n\
+                        this._callFunction(promise);                         \n\
+                    }                                                        \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype._resultCancelled = function() {              \n\
+                [CancellationCode]                                           \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            return [TheName];                                                \n\
+        }(tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async);                               \n\
+        ";
+
+        code = code.replace(/\[TheName\]/g, name)
+            .replace(/\[TheTotal\]/g, total)
+            .replace(/\[ThePassedArguments\]/g, passedArguments)
+            .replace(/\[TheProperties\]/g, assignment)
+            .replace(/\[CancellationCode\]/g, cancellationCode);
+
+        return new Function("tryCatch", "errorObj", "Promise", "async", code)
+                           (tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async);
+    };
+
+    var holderClasses = [];
+    var thenCallbacks = [];
+    var promiseSetters = [];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+        holderClasses.push(generateHolderClass(i + 1));
+        thenCallbacks.push(thenCallback(i + 1));
+        promiseSetters.push(promiseSetter(i + 1));
+    }
+
+    reject = function (reason) {
+        this._reject(reason);
+    };
+}}
+
+Promise.join = function () {
+    var last = arguments.length - 1;
+    var fn;
+    if (last > 0 && typeof arguments[last] === "function") {
+        fn = arguments[last];
+        if (!true) {
+            if (last <= 8 && canEvaluate) {
+                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+                ret._captureStackTrace();
+                var HolderClass = holderClasses[last - 1];
+                var holder = new HolderClass(fn);
+                var callbacks = thenCallbacks;
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < last; ++i) {
+                    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(arguments[i], ret);
+                    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+                        var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+                        ;
+                        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                            maybePromise._then(callbacks[i], reject,
+                                               undefined, ret, holder);
+                            promiseSetters[i](maybePromise, holder);
+                            holder.asyncNeeded = false;
+                        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                            callbacks[i].call(ret,
+                                              maybePromise._value(), holder);
+                        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                            ret._reject(maybePromise._reason());
+                        } else {
+                            ret._cancel();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        callbacks[i].call(ret, maybePromise, holder);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!ret._isFateSealed()) {
+                    if (holder.asyncNeeded) {
+                        var domain = getDomain();
+                        if (domain !== null) {
+                            holder.fn = util.domainBind(domain, holder.fn);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+                    ret._setOnCancel(holder);
+                }
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    var args = [].slice.call(arguments);;
+    if (fn) args.pop();
+    var ret = new PromiseArray(args).promise();
+    return fn !== undefined ? ret.spread(fn) : ret;
+};
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],18:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise,
+                          PromiseArray,
+                          apiRejection,
+                          tryConvertToPromise,
+                          INTERNAL,
+                          debug) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var async = Promise._async;
+
+function MappingPromiseArray(promises, fn, limit, _filter) {
+    this.constructor$(promises);
+    this._promise._captureStackTrace();
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    this._callback = domain === null ? fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn);
+    this._preservedValues = _filter === INTERNAL
+        ? new Array(this.length())
+        : null;
+    this._limit = limit;
+    this._inFlight = 0;
+    this._queue = [];
+    async.invoke(this._asyncInit, this, undefined);
+}
+util.inherits(MappingPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._asyncInit = function() {
+    this._init$(undefined, -2);
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    var values = this._values;
+    var length = this.length();
+    var preservedValues = this._preservedValues;
+    var limit = this._limit;
+
+    if (index < 0) {
+        index = (index * -1) - 1;
+        values[index] = value;
+        if (limit >= 1) {
+            this._inFlight--;
+            this._drainQueue();
+            if (this._isResolved()) return true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (limit >= 1 && this._inFlight >= limit) {
+            values[index] = value;
+            this._queue.push(index);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (preservedValues !== null) preservedValues[index] = value;
+
+        var promise = this._promise;
+        var callback = this._callback;
+        var receiver = promise._boundValue();
+        promise._pushContext();
+        var ret = tryCatch(callback).call(receiver, value, index, length);
+        var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+            ret,
+            promiseCreated,
+            preservedValues !== null ? "Promise.filter" : "Promise.map",
+            promise
+        );
+        if (ret === errorObj) {
+            this._reject(ret.e);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, this._promise);
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+            var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+            ;
+            if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                if (limit >= 1) this._inFlight++;
+                values[index] = maybePromise;
+                maybePromise._proxy(this, (index + 1) * -1);
+                return false;
+            } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                ret = maybePromise._value();
+            } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                this._reject(maybePromise._reason());
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                this._cancel();
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        values[index] = ret;
+    }
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= length) {
+        if (preservedValues !== null) {
+            this._filter(values, preservedValues);
+        } else {
+            this._resolve(values);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._drainQueue = function () {
+    var queue = this._queue;
+    var limit = this._limit;
+    var values = this._values;
+    while (queue.length > 0 && this._inFlight < limit) {
+        if (this._isResolved()) return;
+        var index = queue.pop();
+        this._promiseFulfilled(values[index], index);
+    }
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._filter = function (booleans, values) {
+    var len = values.length;
+    var ret = new Array(len);
+    var j = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        if (booleans[i]) ret[j++] = values[i];
+    }
+    ret.length = j;
+    this._resolve(ret);
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype.preservedValues = function () {
+    return this._preservedValues;
+};
+
+function map(promises, fn, options, _filter) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+
+    var limit = 0;
+    if (options !== undefined) {
+        if (typeof options === "object" && options !== null) {
+            if (typeof options.concurrency !== "number") {
+                return Promise.reject(
+                    new TypeError("'concurrency' must be a number but it is " +
+                                    util.classString(options.concurrency)));
+            }
+            limit = options.concurrency;
+        } else {
+            return Promise.reject(new TypeError(
+                            "options argument must be an object but it is " +
+                             util.classString(options)));
+        }
+    }
+    limit = typeof limit === "number" &&
+        isFinite(limit) && limit >= 1 ? limit : 0;
+    return new MappingPromiseArray(promises, fn, limit, _filter).promise();
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.map = function (fn, options) {
+    return map(this, fn, options, null);
+};
+
+Promise.map = function (promises, fn, options, _filter) {
+    return map(promises, fn, options, _filter);
+};
+
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],19:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection, debug) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+
+Promise.method = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new Promise.TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return function () {
+        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+        ret._pushContext();
+        var value = tryCatch(fn).apply(this, arguments);
+        var promiseCreated = ret._popContext();
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+            value, promiseCreated, "Promise.method", ret);
+        ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
+        return ret;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.attempt = Promise["try"] = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    ret._pushContext();
+    var value;
+    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+        debug.deprecated("calling Promise.try with more than 1 argument");
+        var arg = arguments[1];
+        var ctx = arguments[2];
+        value = util.isArray(arg) ? tryCatch(fn).apply(ctx, arg)
+                                  : tryCatch(fn).call(ctx, arg);
+    } else {
+        value = tryCatch(fn)();
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = ret._popContext();
+    debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+        value, promiseCreated, "Promise.try", ret);
+    ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveFromSyncValue = function (value) {
+    if (value === util.errorObj) {
+        this._rejectCallback(value.e, false);
+    } else {
+        this._resolveCallback(value, true);
+    }
+};
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],20:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
+var errors = _dereq_("./errors");
+var OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+
+function isUntypedError(obj) {
+    return obj instanceof Error &&
+        es5.getPrototypeOf(obj) === Error.prototype;
+}
+
+var rErrorKey = /^(?:name|message|stack|cause)$/;
+function wrapAsOperationalError(obj) {
+    var ret;
+    if (isUntypedError(obj)) {
+        ret = new OperationalError(obj);
+        ret.name = obj.name;
+        ret.message = obj.message;
+        ret.stack = obj.stack;
+        var keys = es5.keys(obj);
+        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+            var key = keys[i];
+            if (!rErrorKey.test(key)) {
+                ret[key] = obj[key];
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function nodebackForPromise(promise, multiArgs) {
+    return function(err, value) {
+        if (promise === null) return;
+        if (err) {
+            var wrapped = wrapAsOperationalError(maybeWrapAsError(err));
+            promise._attachExtraTrace(wrapped);
+            promise._reject(wrapped);
+        } else if (!multiArgs) {
+            promise._fulfill(value);
+        } else {
+            var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);;
+            promise._fulfill(args);
+        }
+        promise = null;
+    };
+}
+
+module.exports = nodebackForPromise;
+
+},{"./errors":12,"./es5":13,"./util":36}],21:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var async = Promise._async;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+
+function spreadAdapter(val, nodeback) {
+    var promise = this;
+    if (!util.isArray(val)) return successAdapter.call(promise, val, nodeback);
+    var ret =
+        tryCatch(nodeback).apply(promise._boundValue(), [null].concat(val));
+    if (ret === errorObj) {
+        async.throwLater(ret.e);
+    }
+}
+
+function successAdapter(val, nodeback) {
+    var promise = this;
+    var receiver = promise._boundValue();
+    var ret = val === undefined
+        ? tryCatch(nodeback).call(receiver, null)
+        : tryCatch(nodeback).call(receiver, null, val);
+    if (ret === errorObj) {
+        async.throwLater(ret.e);
+    }
+}
+function errorAdapter(reason, nodeback) {
+    var promise = this;
+    if (!reason) {
+        var newReason = new Error(reason + "");
+        newReason.cause = reason;
+        reason = newReason;
+    }
+    var ret = tryCatch(nodeback).call(promise._boundValue(), reason);
+    if (ret === errorObj) {
+        async.throwLater(ret.e);
+    }
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.asCallback = Promise.prototype.nodeify = function (nodeback,
+                                                                     options) {
+    if (typeof nodeback == "function") {
+        var adapter = successAdapter;
+        if (options !== undefined && Object(options).spread) {
+            adapter = spreadAdapter;
+        }
+        this._then(
+            adapter,
+            errorAdapter,
+            undefined,
+            this,
+            nodeback
+        );
+    }
+    return this;
+};
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],22:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function() {
+var makeSelfResolutionError = function () {
+    return new TypeError("circular promise resolution chain\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+};
+var reflectHandler = function() {
+    return new Promise.PromiseInspection(this._target());
+};
+var apiRejection = function(msg) {
+    return Promise.reject(new TypeError(msg));
+};
+function Proxyable() {}
+var UNDEFINED_BINDING = {};
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+
+var getDomain;
+if (util.isNode) {
+    getDomain = function() {
+        var ret = process.domain;
+        if (ret === undefined) ret = null;
+        return ret;
+    };
+} else {
+    getDomain = function() {
+        return null;
+    };
+}
+util.notEnumerableProp(Promise, "_getDomain", getDomain);
+
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var Async = _dereq_("./async");
+var async = new Async();
+es5.defineProperty(Promise, "_async", {value: async});
+var errors = _dereq_("./errors");
+var TypeError = Promise.TypeError = errors.TypeError;
+Promise.RangeError = errors.RangeError;
+var CancellationError = Promise.CancellationError = errors.CancellationError;
+Promise.TimeoutError = errors.TimeoutError;
+Promise.OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
+Promise.RejectionError = errors.OperationalError;
+Promise.AggregateError = errors.AggregateError;
+var INTERNAL = function(){};
+var APPLY = {};
+var NEXT_FILTER = {};
+var tryConvertToPromise = _dereq_("./thenables")(Promise, INTERNAL);
+var PromiseArray =
+    _dereq_("./promise_array")(Promise, INTERNAL,
+                               tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection, Proxyable);
+var Context = _dereq_("./context")(Promise);
+ /*jshint unused:false*/
+var createContext = Context.create;
+var debug = _dereq_("./debuggability")(Promise, Context);
+var CapturedTrace = debug.CapturedTrace;
+var PassThroughHandlerContext =
+    _dereq_("./finally")(Promise, tryConvertToPromise, NEXT_FILTER);
+var catchFilter = _dereq_("./catch_filter")(NEXT_FILTER);
+var nodebackForPromise = _dereq_("./nodeback");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+function check(self, executor) {
+    if (self == null || self.constructor !== Promise) {
+        throw new TypeError("the promise constructor cannot be invoked directly\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    if (typeof executor !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(executor));
+    }
+
+}
+
+function Promise(executor) {
+    if (executor !== INTERNAL) {
+        check(this, executor);
+    }
+    this._bitField = 0;
+    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = undefined;
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = undefined;
+    this._promise0 = undefined;
+    this._receiver0 = undefined;
+    this._resolveFromExecutor(executor);
+    this._promiseCreated();
+    this._fireEvent("promiseCreated", this);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return "[object Promise]";
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.caught = Promise.prototype["catch"] = function (fn) {
+    var len = arguments.length;
+    if (len > 1) {
+        var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
+            j = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (util.isObject(item)) {
+                catchInstances[j++] = item;
+            } else {
+                return apiRejection("Catch statement predicate: " +
+                    "expecting an object but got " + util.classString(item));
+            }
+        }
+        catchInstances.length = j;
+        fn = arguments[i];
+        return this.then(undefined, catchFilter(catchInstances, fn, this));
+    }
+    return this.then(undefined, fn);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reflect = function () {
+    return this._then(reflectHandler,
+        reflectHandler, undefined, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.then = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
+    if (debug.warnings() && arguments.length > 0 &&
+        typeof didFulfill !== "function" &&
+        typeof didReject !== "function") {
+        var msg = ".then() only accepts functions but was passed: " +
+                util.classString(didFulfill);
+        if (arguments.length > 1) {
+            msg += ", " + util.classString(didReject);
+        }
+        this._warn(msg);
+    }
+    return this._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.done = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
+    var promise =
+        this._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+    promise._setIsFinal();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.spread = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return this.all()._then(fn, undefined, undefined, APPLY, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+    var ret = {
+        isFulfilled: false,
+        isRejected: false,
+        fulfillmentValue: undefined,
+        rejectionReason: undefined
+    };
+    if (this.isFulfilled()) {
+        ret.fulfillmentValue = this.value();
+        ret.isFulfilled = true;
+    } else if (this.isRejected()) {
+        ret.rejectionReason = this.reason();
+        ret.isRejected = true;
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.all = function () {
+    if (arguments.length > 0) {
+        this._warn(".all() was passed arguments but it does not take any");
+    }
+    return new PromiseArray(this).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.error = function (fn) {
+    return this.caught(util.originatesFromRejection, fn);
+};
+
+Promise.getNewLibraryCopy = module.exports;
+
+Promise.is = function (val) {
+    return val instanceof Promise;
+};
+
+Promise.fromNode = Promise.fromCallback = function(fn) {
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    var multiArgs = arguments.length > 1 ? !!Object(arguments[1]).multiArgs
+                                         : false;
+    var result = tryCatch(fn)(nodebackForPromise(ret, multiArgs));
+    if (result === errorObj) {
+        ret._rejectCallback(result.e, true);
+    }
+    if (!ret._isFateSealed()) ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.all = function (promises) {
+    return new PromiseArray(promises).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.cast = function (obj) {
+    var ret = tryConvertToPromise(obj);
+    if (!(ret instanceof Promise)) {
+        ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+        ret._setFulfilled();
+        ret._rejectionHandler0 = obj;
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.resolve = Promise.fulfilled = Promise.cast;
+
+Promise.reject = Promise.rejected = function (reason) {
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    ret._rejectCallback(reason, true);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.setScheduler = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return async.setScheduler(fn);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._then = function (
+    didFulfill,
+    didReject,
+    _,    receiver,
+    internalData
+) {
+    var haveInternalData = internalData !== undefined;
+    var promise = haveInternalData ? internalData : new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    var target = this._target();
+    var bitField = target._bitField;
+
+    if (!haveInternalData) {
+        promise._propagateFrom(this, 3);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+        if (receiver === undefined &&
+            ((this._bitField & 2097152) !== 0)) {
+            if (!((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                receiver = this._boundValue();
+            } else {
+                receiver = target === this ? undefined : this._boundTo;
+            }
+        }
+        this._fireEvent("promiseChained", this, promise);
+    }
+
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    if (!((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        var handler, value, settler = target._settlePromiseCtx;
+        if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            value = target._rejectionHandler0;
+            handler = didFulfill;
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            value = target._fulfillmentHandler0;
+            handler = didReject;
+            target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+        } else {
+            settler = target._settlePromiseLateCancellationObserver;
+            value = new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+            target._attachExtraTrace(value);
+            handler = didReject;
+        }
+
+        async.invoke(settler, target, {
+            handler: domain === null ? handler
+                : (typeof handler === "function" &&
+                    util.domainBind(domain, handler)),
+            promise: promise,
+            receiver: receiver,
+            value: value
+        });
+    } else {
+        target._addCallbacks(didFulfill, didReject, promise, receiver, domain);
+    }
+
+    return promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._length = function () {
+    return this._bitField & 65535;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFateSealed = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 117506048) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFollowing = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 67108864) === 67108864;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setLength = function (len) {
+    this._bitField = (this._bitField & -65536) |
+        (len & 65535);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFulfilled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 33554432;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseFulfilled", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setRejected = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 16777216;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseRejected", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFollowing = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 67108864;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseResolved", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setIsFinal = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 4194304;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFinal = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 4194304) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~65536);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 65536;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseCancelled", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setWillBeCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 8388608;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setAsyncGuaranteed = function() {
+    if (async.hasCustomScheduler()) return;
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 134217728;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._receiverAt = function (index) {
+    var ret = index === 0 ? this._receiver0 : this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 3];
+    if (ret === UNDEFINED_BINDING) {
+        return undefined;
+    } else if (ret === undefined && this._isBound()) {
+        return this._boundValue();
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._promiseAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 2];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfillmentHandlerAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 0];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectionHandlerAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 1];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._boundValue = function() {};
+
+Promise.prototype._migrateCallback0 = function (follower) {
+    var bitField = follower._bitField;
+    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandler0;
+    var reject = follower._rejectionHandler0;
+    var promise = follower._promise0;
+    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(0);
+    if (receiver === undefined) receiver = UNDEFINED_BINDING;
+    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, promise, receiver, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._migrateCallbackAt = function (follower, index) {
+    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandlerAt(index);
+    var reject = follower._rejectionHandlerAt(index);
+    var promise = follower._promiseAt(index);
+    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(index);
+    if (receiver === undefined) receiver = UNDEFINED_BINDING;
+    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, promise, receiver, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._addCallbacks = function (
+    fulfill,
+    reject,
+    promise,
+    receiver,
+    domain
+) {
+    var index = this._length();
+
+    if (index >= 65535 - 4) {
+        index = 0;
+        this._setLength(0);
+    }
+
+    if (index === 0) {
+        this._promise0 = promise;
+        this._receiver0 = receiver;
+        if (typeof fulfill === "function") {
+            this._fulfillmentHandler0 =
+                domain === null ? fulfill : util.domainBind(domain, fulfill);
+        }
+        if (typeof reject === "function") {
+            this._rejectionHandler0 =
+                domain === null ? reject : util.domainBind(domain, reject);
+        }
+    } else {
+        var base = index * 4 - 4;
+        this[base + 2] = promise;
+        this[base + 3] = receiver;
+        if (typeof fulfill === "function") {
+            this[base + 0] =
+                domain === null ? fulfill : util.domainBind(domain, fulfill);
+        }
+        if (typeof reject === "function") {
+            this[base + 1] =
+                domain === null ? reject : util.domainBind(domain, reject);
+        }
+    }
+    this._setLength(index + 1);
+    return index;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._proxy = function (proxyable, arg) {
+    this._addCallbacks(undefined, undefined, arg, proxyable, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveCallback = function(value, shouldBind) {
+    if (((this._bitField & 117506048) !== 0)) return;
+    if (value === this)
+        return this._rejectCallback(makeSelfResolutionError(), false);
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this);
+    if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) return this._fulfill(value);
+
+    if (shouldBind) this._propagateFrom(maybePromise, 2);
+
+    var promise = maybePromise._target();
+
+    if (promise === this) {
+        this._reject(makeSelfResolutionError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        var len = this._length();
+        if (len > 0) promise._migrateCallback0(this);
+        for (var i = 1; i < len; ++i) {
+            promise._migrateCallbackAt(this, i);
+        }
+        this._setFollowing();
+        this._setLength(0);
+        this._setFollowee(promise);
+    } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+        this._fulfill(promise._value());
+    } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+        this._reject(promise._reason());
+    } else {
+        var reason = new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+        promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+        this._reject(reason);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectCallback =
+function(reason, synchronous, ignoreNonErrorWarnings) {
+    var trace = util.ensureErrorObject(reason);
+    var hasStack = trace === reason;
+    if (!hasStack && !ignoreNonErrorWarnings && debug.warnings()) {
+        var message = "a promise was rejected with a non-error: " +
+            util.classString(reason);
+        this._warn(message, true);
+    }
+    this._attachExtraTrace(trace, synchronous ? hasStack : false);
+    this._reject(reason);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveFromExecutor = function (executor) {
+    if (executor === INTERNAL) return;
+    var promise = this;
+    this._captureStackTrace();
+    this._pushContext();
+    var synchronous = true;
+    var r = this._execute(executor, function(value) {
+        promise._resolveCallback(value);
+    }, function (reason) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous);
+    });
+    synchronous = false;
+    this._popContext();
+
+    if (r !== undefined) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(r, true);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseFromHandler = function (
+    handler, receiver, value, promise
+) {
+    var bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) return;
+    promise._pushContext();
+    var x;
+    if (receiver === APPLY) {
+        if (!value || typeof value.length !== "number") {
+            x = errorObj;
+            x.e = new TypeError("cannot .spread() a non-array: " +
+                                    util.classString(value));
+        } else {
+            x = tryCatch(handler).apply(this._boundValue(), value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        x = tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value);
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+    bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) return;
+
+    if (x === NEXT_FILTER) {
+        promise._reject(value);
+    } else if (x === errorObj) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(x.e, false);
+    } else {
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(x, promiseCreated, "",  promise, this);
+        promise._resolveCallback(x);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._target = function() {
+    var ret = this;
+    while (ret._isFollowing()) ret = ret._followee();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._followee = function() {
+    return this._rejectionHandler0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFollowee = function(promise) {
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromise = function(promise, handler, receiver, value) {
+    var isPromise = promise instanceof Promise;
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    var asyncGuaranteed = ((bitField & 134217728) !== 0);
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) {
+        if (isPromise) promise._invokeInternalOnCancel();
+
+        if (receiver instanceof PassThroughHandlerContext &&
+            receiver.isFinallyHandler()) {
+            receiver.cancelPromise = promise;
+            if (tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value) === errorObj) {
+                promise._reject(errorObj.e);
+            }
+        } else if (handler === reflectHandler) {
+            promise._fulfill(reflectHandler.call(receiver));
+        } else if (receiver instanceof Proxyable) {
+            receiver._promiseCancelled(promise);
+        } else if (isPromise || promise instanceof PromiseArray) {
+            promise._cancel();
+        } else {
+            receiver.cancel();
+        }
+    } else if (typeof handler === "function") {
+        if (!isPromise) {
+            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
+        } else {
+            if (asyncGuaranteed) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
+        }
+    } else if (receiver instanceof Proxyable) {
+        if (!receiver._isResolved()) {
+            if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                receiver._promiseFulfilled(value, promise);
+            } else {
+                receiver._promiseRejected(value, promise);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (isPromise) {
+        if (asyncGuaranteed) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+        if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            promise._fulfill(value);
+        } else {
+            promise._reject(value);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseLateCancellationObserver = function(ctx) {
+    var handler = ctx.handler;
+    var promise = ctx.promise;
+    var receiver = ctx.receiver;
+    var value = ctx.value;
+    if (typeof handler === "function") {
+        if (!(promise instanceof Promise)) {
+            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
+        } else {
+            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
+        }
+    } else if (promise instanceof Promise) {
+        promise._reject(value);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseCtx = function(ctx) {
+    this._settlePromise(ctx.promise, ctx.handler, ctx.receiver, ctx.value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromise0 = function(handler, value, bitField) {
+    var promise = this._promise0;
+    var receiver = this._receiverAt(0);
+    this._promise0 = undefined;
+    this._receiver0 = undefined;
+    this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._clearCallbackDataAtIndex = function(index) {
+    var base = index * 4 - 4;
+    this[base + 2] =
+    this[base + 3] =
+    this[base + 0] =
+    this[base + 1] = undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfill = function (value) {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 117506048) >>> 16)) return;
+    if (value === this) {
+        var err = makeSelfResolutionError();
+        this._attachExtraTrace(err);
+        return this._reject(err);
+    }
+    this._setFulfilled();
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = value;
+
+    if ((bitField & 65535) > 0) {
+        if (((bitField & 134217728) !== 0)) {
+            this._settlePromises();
+        } else {
+            async.settlePromises(this);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 117506048) >>> 16)) return;
+    this._setRejected();
+    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = reason;
+
+    if (this._isFinal()) {
+        return async.fatalError(reason, util.isNode);
+    }
+
+    if ((bitField & 65535) > 0) {
+        async.settlePromises(this);
+    } else {
+        this._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfillPromises = function (len, value) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+        var handler = this._fulfillmentHandlerAt(i);
+        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
+        var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
+        this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(i);
+        this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, value);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectPromises = function (len, reason) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+        var handler = this._rejectionHandlerAt(i);
+        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
+        var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
+        this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(i);
+        this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, reason);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromises = function () {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    var len = (bitField & 65535);
+
+    if (len > 0) {
+        if (((bitField & 16842752) !== 0)) {
+            var reason = this._fulfillmentHandler0;
+            this._settlePromise0(this._rejectionHandler0, reason, bitField);
+            this._rejectPromises(len, reason);
+        } else {
+            var value = this._rejectionHandler0;
+            this._settlePromise0(this._fulfillmentHandler0, value, bitField);
+            this._fulfillPromises(len, value);
+        }
+        this._setLength(0);
+    }
+    this._clearCancellationData();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settledValue = function() {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+        return this._rejectionHandler0;
+    } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+        return this._fulfillmentHandler0;
+    }
+};
+
+function deferResolve(v) {this.promise._resolveCallback(v);}
+function deferReject(v) {this.promise._rejectCallback(v, false);}
+
+Promise.defer = Promise.pending = function() {
+    debug.deprecated("Promise.defer", "new Promise");
+    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    return {
+        promise: promise,
+        resolve: deferResolve,
+        reject: deferReject
+    };
+};
+
+util.notEnumerableProp(Promise,
+                       "_makeSelfResolutionError",
+                       makeSelfResolutionError);
+
+_dereq_("./method")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection,
+    debug);
+_dereq_("./bind")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, debug);
+_dereq_("./cancel")(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, debug);
+_dereq_("./direct_resolve")(Promise);
+_dereq_("./synchronous_inspection")(Promise);
+_dereq_("./join")(
+    Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, async, getDomain);
+Promise.Promise = Promise;
+Promise.version = "3.5.1";
+_dereq_('./map.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, debug);
+_dereq_('./call_get.js')(Promise);
+_dereq_('./using.js')(Promise, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, createContext, INTERNAL, debug);
+_dereq_('./timers.js')(Promise, INTERNAL, debug);
+_dereq_('./generators.js')(Promise, apiRejection, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, Proxyable, debug);
+_dereq_('./nodeify.js')(Promise);
+_dereq_('./promisify.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
+_dereq_('./props.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
+_dereq_('./race.js')(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
+_dereq_('./reduce.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, debug);
+_dereq_('./settle.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, debug);
+_dereq_('./some.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection);
+_dereq_('./filter.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
+_dereq_('./each.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
+_dereq_('./any.js')(Promise);
+                                                         
+    util.toFastProperties(Promise);                                          
+    util.toFastProperties(Promise.prototype);                                
+    function fillTypes(value) {                                              
+        var p = new Promise(INTERNAL);                                       
+        p._fulfillmentHandler0 = value;                                      
+        p._rejectionHandler0 = value;                                        
+        p._promise0 = value;                                                 
+        p._receiver0 = value;                                                
+    }                                                                        
+    // Complete slack tracking, opt out of field-type tracking and           
+    // stabilize map                                                         
+    fillTypes({a: 1});                                                       
+    fillTypes({b: 2});                                                       
+    fillTypes({c: 3});                                                       
+    fillTypes(1);                                                            
+    fillTypes(function(){});                                                 
+    fillTypes(undefined);                                                    
+    fillTypes(false);                                                        
+    fillTypes(new Promise(INTERNAL));                                        
+    debug.setBounds(Async.firstLineError, util.lastLineError);               
+    return Promise;                                                          
+
+};
+
+},{"./any.js":1,"./async":2,"./bind":3,"./call_get.js":5,"./cancel":6,"./catch_filter":7,"./context":8,"./debuggability":9,"./direct_resolve":10,"./each.js":11,"./errors":12,"./es5":13,"./filter.js":14,"./finally":15,"./generators.js":16,"./join":17,"./map.js":18,"./method":19,"./nodeback":20,"./nodeify.js":21,"./promise_array":23,"./promisify.js":24,"./props.js":25,"./race.js":27,"./reduce.js":28,"./settle.js":30,"./some.js":31,"./synchronous_inspection":32,"./thenables":33,"./timers.js":34,"./using.js":35,"./util":36}],23:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise,
+    apiRejection, Proxyable) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var isArray = util.isArray;
+
+function toResolutionValue(val) {
+    switch(val) {
+    case -2: return [];
+    case -3: return {};
+    case -6: return new Map();
+    }
+}
+
+function PromiseArray(values) {
+    var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        promise._propagateFrom(values, 3);
+    }
+    promise._setOnCancel(this);
+    this._values = values;
+    this._length = 0;
+    this._totalResolved = 0;
+    this._init(undefined, -2);
+}
+util.inherits(PromiseArray, Proxyable);
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.length = function () {
+    return this._length;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.promise = function () {
+    return this._promise;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._init = function init(_, resolveValueIfEmpty) {
+    var values = tryConvertToPromise(this._values, this._promise);
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        values = values._target();
+        var bitField = values._bitField;
+        ;
+        this._values = values;
+
+        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+            this._promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+            return values._then(
+                init,
+                this._reject,
+                undefined,
+                this,
+                resolveValueIfEmpty
+           );
+        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            values = values._value();
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            return this._reject(values._reason());
+        } else {
+            return this._cancel();
+        }
+    }
+    values = util.asArray(values);
+    if (values === null) {
+        var err = apiRejection(
+            "expecting an array or an iterable object but got " + util.classString(values)).reason();
+        this._promise._rejectCallback(err, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (values.length === 0) {
+        if (resolveValueIfEmpty === -5) {
+            this._resolveEmptyArray();
+        }
+        else {
+            this._resolve(toResolutionValue(resolveValueIfEmpty));
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    this._iterate(values);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._iterate = function(values) {
+    var len = this.getActualLength(values.length);
+    this._length = len;
+    this._values = this.shouldCopyValues() ? new Array(len) : this._values;
+    var result = this._promise;
+    var isResolved = false;
+    var bitField = null;
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(values[i], result);
+
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+            bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+        } else {
+            bitField = null;
+        }
+
+        if (isResolved) {
+            if (bitField !== null) {
+                maybePromise.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+            }
+        } else if (bitField !== null) {
+            if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                maybePromise._proxy(this, i);
+                this._values[i] = maybePromise;
+            } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                isResolved = this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise._value(), i);
+            } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                isResolved = this._promiseRejected(maybePromise._reason(), i);
+            } else {
+                isResolved = this._promiseCancelled(i);
+            }
+        } else {
+            isResolved = this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise, i);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!isResolved) result._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._isResolved = function () {
+    return this._values === null;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._resolve = function (value) {
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._fulfill(value);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._cancel = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved() || !this._promise._isCancellable()) return;
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._cancel();
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._rejectCallback(reason, false);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    this._values[index] = value;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        this._resolve(this._values);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseCancelled = function() {
+    this._cancel();
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._totalResolved++;
+    this._reject(reason);
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    var values = this._values;
+    this._cancel();
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        values.cancel();
+    } else {
+        for (var i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
+            if (values[i] instanceof Promise) {
+                values[i].cancel();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
+    return len;
+};
+
+return PromiseArray;
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],24:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var THIS = {};
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var nodebackForPromise = _dereq_("./nodeback");
+var withAppended = util.withAppended;
+var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var TypeError = _dereq_("./errors").TypeError;
+var defaultSuffix = "Async";
+var defaultPromisified = {__isPromisified__: true};
+var noCopyProps = [
+    "arity",    "length",
+    "name",
+    "arguments",
+    "caller",
+    "callee",
+    "prototype",
+    "__isPromisified__"
+];
+var noCopyPropsPattern = new RegExp("^(?:" + noCopyProps.join("|") + ")$");
+
+var defaultFilter = function(name) {
+    return util.isIdentifier(name) &&
+        name.charAt(0) !== "_" &&
+        name !== "constructor";
+};
+
+function propsFilter(key) {
+    return !noCopyPropsPattern.test(key);
+}
+
+function isPromisified(fn) {
+    try {
+        return fn.__isPromisified__ === true;
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function hasPromisified(obj, key, suffix) {
+    var val = util.getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key + suffix,
+                                            defaultPromisified);
+    return val ? isPromisified(val) : false;
+}
+function checkValid(ret, suffix, suffixRegexp) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i += 2) {
+        var key = ret[i];
+        if (suffixRegexp.test(key)) {
+            var keyWithoutAsyncSuffix = key.replace(suffixRegexp, "");
+            for (var j = 0; j < ret.length; j += 2) {
+                if (ret[j] === keyWithoutAsyncSuffix) {
+                    throw new TypeError("Cannot promisify an API that has normal methods with '%s'-suffix\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a"
+                        .replace("%s", suffix));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function promisifiableMethods(obj, suffix, suffixRegexp, filter) {
+    var keys = util.inheritedDataKeys(obj);
+    var ret = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        var value = obj[key];
+        var passesDefaultFilter = filter === defaultFilter
+            ? true : defaultFilter(key, value, obj);
+        if (typeof value === "function" &&
+            !isPromisified(value) &&
+            !hasPromisified(obj, key, suffix) &&
+            filter(key, value, obj, passesDefaultFilter)) {
+            ret.push(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+    checkValid(ret, suffix, suffixRegexp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+var escapeIdentRegex = function(str) {
+    return str.replace(/([$])/, "\\$");
+};
+
+var makeNodePromisifiedEval;
+if (!true) {
+var switchCaseArgumentOrder = function(likelyArgumentCount) {
+    var ret = [likelyArgumentCount];
+    var min = Math.max(0, likelyArgumentCount - 1 - 3);
+    for(var i = likelyArgumentCount - 1; i >= min; --i) {
+        ret.push(i);
+    }
+    for(var i = likelyArgumentCount + 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
+        ret.push(i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+var argumentSequence = function(argumentCount) {
+    return util.filledRange(argumentCount, "_arg", "");
+};
+
+var parameterDeclaration = function(parameterCount) {
+    return util.filledRange(
+        Math.max(parameterCount, 3), "_arg", "");
+};
+
+var parameterCount = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn.length === "number") {
+        return Math.max(Math.min(fn.length, 1023 + 1), 0);
+    }
+    return 0;
+};
+
+makeNodePromisifiedEval =
+function(callback, receiver, originalName, fn, _, multiArgs) {
+    var newParameterCount = Math.max(0, parameterCount(fn) - 1);
+    var argumentOrder = switchCaseArgumentOrder(newParameterCount);
+    var shouldProxyThis = typeof callback === "string" || receiver === THIS;
+
+    function generateCallForArgumentCount(count) {
+        var args = argumentSequence(count).join(", ");
+        var comma = count > 0 ? ", " : "";
+        var ret;
+        if (shouldProxyThis) {
+            ret = "ret = callback.call(this, {{args}}, nodeback); break;\n";
+        } else {
+            ret = receiver === undefined
+                ? "ret = callback({{args}}, nodeback); break;\n"
+                : "ret = callback.call(receiver, {{args}}, nodeback); break;\n";
+        }
+        return ret.replace("{{args}}", args).replace(", ", comma);
+    }
+
+    function generateArgumentSwitchCase() {
+        var ret = "";
+        for (var i = 0; i < argumentOrder.length; ++i) {
+            ret += "case " + argumentOrder[i] +":" +
+                generateCallForArgumentCount(argumentOrder[i]);
+        }
+
+        ret += "                                                             \n\
+        default:                                                             \n\
+            var args = new Array(len + 1);                                   \n\
+            var i = 0;                                                       \n\
+            for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {                                  \n\
+               args[i] = arguments[i];                                       \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+            args[i] = nodeback;                                              \n\
+            [CodeForCall]                                                    \n\
+            break;                                                           \n\
+        ".replace("[CodeForCall]", (shouldProxyThis
+                                ? "ret = callback.apply(this, args);\n"
+                                : "ret = callback.apply(receiver, args);\n"));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    var getFunctionCode = typeof callback === "string"
+                                ? ("this != null ? this['"+callback+"'] : fn")
+                                : "fn";
+    var body = "'use strict';                                                \n\
+        var ret = function (Parameters) {                                    \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            var len = arguments.length;                                      \n\
+            var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);                             \n\
+            promise._captureStackTrace();                                    \n\
+            var nodeback = nodebackForPromise(promise, " + multiArgs + ");   \n\
+            var ret;                                                         \n\
+            var callback = tryCatch([GetFunctionCode]);                      \n\
+            switch(len) {                                                    \n\
+                [CodeForSwitchCase]                                          \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+            if (ret === errorObj) {                                          \n\
+                promise._rejectCallback(maybeWrapAsError(ret.e), true, true);\n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+            if (!promise._isFateSealed()) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();     \n\
+            return promise;                                                  \n\
+        };                                                                   \n\
+        notEnumerableProp(ret, '__isPromisified__', true);                   \n\
+        return ret;                                                          \n\
+    ".replace("[CodeForSwitchCase]", generateArgumentSwitchCase())
+        .replace("[GetFunctionCode]", getFunctionCode);
+    body = body.replace("Parameters", parameterDeclaration(newParameterCount));
+    return new Function("Promise",
+                        "fn",
+                        "receiver",
+                        "withAppended",
+                        "maybeWrapAsError",
+                        "nodebackForPromise",
+                        "tryCatch",
+                        "errorObj",
+                        "notEnumerableProp",
+                        "INTERNAL",
+                        body)(
+                    Promise,
+                    fn,
+                    receiver,
+                    withAppended,
+                    maybeWrapAsError,
+                    nodebackForPromise,
+                    util.tryCatch,
+                    util.errorObj,
+                    util.notEnumerableProp,
+                    INTERNAL);
+};
+}
+
+function makeNodePromisifiedClosure(callback, receiver, _, fn, __, multiArgs) {
+    var defaultThis = (function() {return this;})();
+    var method = callback;
+    if (typeof method === "string") {
+        callback = fn;
+    }
+    function promisified() {
+        var _receiver = receiver;
+        if (receiver === THIS) _receiver = this;
+        var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+        var cb = typeof method === "string" && this !== defaultThis
+            ? this[method] : callback;
+        var fn = nodebackForPromise(promise, multiArgs);
+        try {
+            cb.apply(_receiver, withAppended(arguments, fn));
+        } catch(e) {
+            promise._rejectCallback(maybeWrapAsError(e), true, true);
+        }
+        if (!promise._isFateSealed()) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+        return promise;
+    }
+    util.notEnumerableProp(promisified, "__isPromisified__", true);
+    return promisified;
+}
+
+var makeNodePromisified = canEvaluate
+    ? makeNodePromisifiedEval
+    : makeNodePromisifiedClosure;
+
+function promisifyAll(obj, suffix, filter, promisifier, multiArgs) {
+    var suffixRegexp = new RegExp(escapeIdentRegex(suffix) + "$");
+    var methods =
+        promisifiableMethods(obj, suffix, suffixRegexp, filter);
+
+    for (var i = 0, len = methods.length; i < len; i+= 2) {
+        var key = methods[i];
+        var fn = methods[i+1];
+        var promisifiedKey = key + suffix;
+        if (promisifier === makeNodePromisified) {
+            obj[promisifiedKey] =
+                makeNodePromisified(key, THIS, key, fn, suffix, multiArgs);
+        } else {
+            var promisified = promisifier(fn, function() {
+                return makeNodePromisified(key, THIS, key,
+                                           fn, suffix, multiArgs);
+            });
+            util.notEnumerableProp(promisified, "__isPromisified__", true);
+            obj[promisifiedKey] = promisified;
+        }
+    }
+    util.toFastProperties(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function promisify(callback, receiver, multiArgs) {
+    return makeNodePromisified(callback, receiver, undefined,
+                                callback, null, multiArgs);
+}
+
+Promise.promisify = function (fn, options) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    if (isPromisified(fn)) {
+        return fn;
+    }
+    options = Object(options);
+    var receiver = options.context === undefined ? THIS : options.context;
+    var multiArgs = !!options.multiArgs;
+    var ret = promisify(fn, receiver, multiArgs);
+    util.copyDescriptors(fn, ret, propsFilter);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.promisifyAll = function (target, options) {
+    if (typeof target !== "function" && typeof target !== "object") {
+        throw new TypeError("the target of promisifyAll must be an object or a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    options = Object(options);
+    var multiArgs = !!options.multiArgs;
+    var suffix = options.suffix;
+    if (typeof suffix !== "string") suffix = defaultSuffix;
+    var filter = options.filter;
+    if (typeof filter !== "function") filter = defaultFilter;
+    var promisifier = options.promisifier;
+    if (typeof promisifier !== "function") promisifier = makeNodePromisified;
+
+    if (!util.isIdentifier(suffix)) {
+        throw new RangeError("suffix must be a valid identifier\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+
+    var keys = util.inheritedDataKeys(target);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var value = target[keys[i]];
+        if (keys[i] !== "constructor" &&
+            util.isClass(value)) {
+            promisifyAll(value.prototype, suffix, filter, promisifier,
+                multiArgs);
+            promisifyAll(value, suffix, filter, promisifier, multiArgs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return promisifyAll(target, suffix, filter, promisifier, multiArgs);
+};
+};
+
+
+},{"./errors":12,"./nodeback":20,"./util":36}],25:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(
+    Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var isObject = util.isObject;
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var Es6Map;
+if (typeof Map === "function") Es6Map = Map;
+
+var mapToEntries = (function() {
+    var index = 0;
+    var size = 0;
+
+    function extractEntry(value, key) {
+        this[index] = value;
+        this[index + size] = key;
+        index++;
+    }
+
+    return function mapToEntries(map) {
+        size = map.size;
+        index = 0;
+        var ret = new Array(map.size * 2);
+        map.forEach(extractEntry, ret);
+        return ret;
+    };
+})();
+
+var entriesToMap = function(entries) {
+    var ret = new Es6Map();
+    var length = entries.length / 2 | 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        var key = entries[length + i];
+        var value = entries[i];
+        ret.set(key, value);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+function PropertiesPromiseArray(obj) {
+    var isMap = false;
+    var entries;
+    if (Es6Map !== undefined && obj instanceof Es6Map) {
+        entries = mapToEntries(obj);
+        isMap = true;
+    } else {
+        var keys = es5.keys(obj);
+        var len = keys.length;
+        entries = new Array(len * 2);
+        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            var key = keys[i];
+            entries[i] = obj[key];
+            entries[i + len] = key;
+        }
+    }
+    this.constructor$(entries);
+    this._isMap = isMap;
+    this._init$(undefined, isMap ? -6 : -3);
+}
+util.inherits(PropertiesPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {};
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    this._values[index] = value;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        var val;
+        if (this._isMap) {
+            val = entriesToMap(this._values);
+        } else {
+            val = {};
+            var keyOffset = this.length();
+            for (var i = 0, len = this.length(); i < len; ++i) {
+                val[this._values[i + keyOffset]] = this._values[i];
+            }
+        }
+        this._resolve(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return false;
+};
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
+    return len >> 1;
+};
+
+function props(promises) {
+    var ret;
+    var castValue = tryConvertToPromise(promises);
+
+    if (!isObject(castValue)) {
+        return apiRejection("cannot await properties of a non-object\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    } else if (castValue instanceof Promise) {
+        ret = castValue._then(
+            Promise.props, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+    } else {
+        ret = new PropertiesPromiseArray(castValue).promise();
+    }
+
+    if (castValue instanceof Promise) {
+        ret._propagateFrom(castValue, 2);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.props = function () {
+    return props(this);
+};
+
+Promise.props = function (promises) {
+    return props(promises);
+};
+};
+
+},{"./es5":13,"./util":36}],26:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+function arrayMove(src, srcIndex, dst, dstIndex, len) {
+    for (var j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+        dst[j + dstIndex] = src[j + srcIndex];
+        src[j + srcIndex] = void 0;
+    }
+}
+
+function Queue(capacity) {
+    this._capacity = capacity;
+    this._length = 0;
+    this._front = 0;
+}
+
+Queue.prototype._willBeOverCapacity = function (size) {
+    return this._capacity < size;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._pushOne = function (arg) {
+    var length = this.length();
+    this._checkCapacity(length + 1);
+    var i = (this._front + length) & (this._capacity - 1);
+    this[i] = arg;
+    this._length = length + 1;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.push = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+    var length = this.length() + 3;
+    if (this._willBeOverCapacity(length)) {
+        this._pushOne(fn);
+        this._pushOne(receiver);
+        this._pushOne(arg);
+        return;
+    }
+    var j = this._front + length - 3;
+    this._checkCapacity(length);
+    var wrapMask = this._capacity - 1;
+    this[(j + 0) & wrapMask] = fn;
+    this[(j + 1) & wrapMask] = receiver;
+    this[(j + 2) & wrapMask] = arg;
+    this._length = length;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.shift = function () {
+    var front = this._front,
+        ret = this[front];
+
+    this[front] = undefined;
+    this._front = (front + 1) & (this._capacity - 1);
+    this._length--;
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.length = function () {
+    return this._length;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._checkCapacity = function (size) {
+    if (this._capacity < size) {
+        this._resizeTo(this._capacity << 1);
+    }
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._resizeTo = function (capacity) {
+    var oldCapacity = this._capacity;
+    this._capacity = capacity;
+    var front = this._front;
+    var length = this._length;
+    var moveItemsCount = (front + length) & (oldCapacity - 1);
+    arrayMove(this, 0, this, oldCapacity, moveItemsCount);
+};
+
+module.exports = Queue;
+
+},{}],27:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(
+    Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+
+var raceLater = function (promise) {
+    return promise.then(function(array) {
+        return race(array, promise);
+    });
+};
+
+function race(promises, parent) {
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(promises);
+
+    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+        return raceLater(maybePromise);
+    } else {
+        promises = util.asArray(promises);
+        if (promises === null)
+            return apiRejection("expecting an array or an iterable object but got " + util.classString(promises));
+    }
+
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    if (parent !== undefined) {
+        ret._propagateFrom(parent, 3);
+    }
+    var fulfill = ret._fulfill;
+    var reject = ret._reject;
+    for (var i = 0, len = promises.length; i < len; ++i) {
+        var val = promises[i];
+
+        if (val === undefined && !(i in promises)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        Promise.cast(val)._then(fulfill, reject, undefined, ret, null);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Promise.race = function (promises) {
+    return race(promises, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.race = function () {
+    return race(this, undefined);
+};
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],28:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise,
+                          PromiseArray,
+                          apiRejection,
+                          tryConvertToPromise,
+                          INTERNAL,
+                          debug) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+
+function ReductionPromiseArray(promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
+    this.constructor$(promises);
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    this._fn = domain === null ? fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn);
+    if (initialValue !== undefined) {
+        initialValue = Promise.resolve(initialValue);
+        initialValue._attachCancellationCallback(this);
+    }
+    this._initialValue = initialValue;
+    this._currentCancellable = null;
+    if(_each === INTERNAL) {
+        this._eachValues = Array(this._length);
+    } else if (_each === 0) {
+        this._eachValues = null;
+    } else {
+        this._eachValues = undefined;
+    }
+    this._promise._captureStackTrace();
+    this._init$(undefined, -5);
+}
+util.inherits(ReductionPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._gotAccum = function(accum) {
+    if (this._eachValues !== undefined && 
+        this._eachValues !== null && 
+        accum !== INTERNAL) {
+        this._eachValues.push(accum);
+    }
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._eachComplete = function(value) {
+    if (this._eachValues !== null) {
+        this._eachValues.push(value);
+    }
+    return this._eachValues;
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._init = function() {};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resolveEmptyArray = function() {
+    this._resolve(this._eachValues !== undefined ? this._eachValues
+                                                 : this._initialValue);
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return false;
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resolve = function(value) {
+    this._promise._resolveCallback(value);
+    this._values = null;
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resultCancelled = function(sender) {
+    if (sender === this._initialValue) return this._cancel();
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    this._resultCancelled$();
+    if (this._currentCancellable instanceof Promise) {
+        this._currentCancellable.cancel();
+    }
+    if (this._initialValue instanceof Promise) {
+        this._initialValue.cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._iterate = function (values) {
+    this._values = values;
+    var value;
+    var i;
+    var length = values.length;
+    if (this._initialValue !== undefined) {
+        value = this._initialValue;
+        i = 0;
+    } else {
+        value = Promise.resolve(values[0]);
+        i = 1;
+    }
+
+    this._currentCancellable = value;
+
+    if (!value.isRejected()) {
+        for (; i < length; ++i) {
+            var ctx = {
+                accum: null,
+                value: values[i],
+                index: i,
+                length: length,
+                array: this
+            };
+            value = value._then(gotAccum, undefined, undefined, ctx, undefined);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (this._eachValues !== undefined) {
+        value = value
+            ._then(this._eachComplete, undefined, undefined, this, undefined);
+    }
+    value._then(completed, completed, undefined, value, this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reduce = function (fn, initialValue) {
+    return reduce(this, fn, initialValue, null);
+};
+
+Promise.reduce = function (promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
+    return reduce(promises, fn, initialValue, _each);
+};
+
+function completed(valueOrReason, array) {
+    if (this.isFulfilled()) {
+        array._resolve(valueOrReason);
+    } else {
+        array._reject(valueOrReason);
+    }
+}
+
+function reduce(promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    var array = new ReductionPromiseArray(promises, fn, initialValue, _each);
+    return array.promise();
+}
+
+function gotAccum(accum) {
+    this.accum = accum;
+    this.array._gotAccum(accum);
+    var value = tryConvertToPromise(this.value, this.array._promise);
+    if (value instanceof Promise) {
+        this.array._currentCancellable = value;
+        return value._then(gotValue, undefined, undefined, this, undefined);
+    } else {
+        return gotValue.call(this, value);
+    }
+}
+
+function gotValue(value) {
+    var array = this.array;
+    var promise = array._promise;
+    var fn = tryCatch(array._fn);
+    promise._pushContext();
+    var ret;
+    if (array._eachValues !== undefined) {
+        ret = fn.call(promise._boundValue(), value, this.index, this.length);
+    } else {
+        ret = fn.call(promise._boundValue(),
+                              this.accum, value, this.index, this.length);
+    }
+    if (ret instanceof Promise) {
+        array._currentCancellable = ret;
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+    debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+        ret,
+        promiseCreated,
+        array._eachValues !== undefined ? "Promise.each" : "Promise.reduce",
+        promise
+    );
+    return ret;
+}
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],29:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var schedule;
+var noAsyncScheduler = function() {
+    throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+};
+var NativePromise = util.getNativePromise();
+if (util.isNode && typeof MutationObserver === "undefined") {
+    var GlobalSetImmediate = global.setImmediate;
+    var ProcessNextTick = process.nextTick;
+    schedule = util.isRecentNode
+                ? function(fn) { GlobalSetImmediate.call(global, fn); }
+                : function(fn) { ProcessNextTick.call(process, fn); };
+} else if (typeof NativePromise === "function" &&
+           typeof NativePromise.resolve === "function") {
+    var nativePromise = NativePromise.resolve();
+    schedule = function(fn) {
+        nativePromise.then(fn);
+    };
+} else if ((typeof MutationObserver !== "undefined") &&
+          !(typeof window !== "undefined" &&
+            window.navigator &&
+            (window.navigator.standalone || window.cordova))) {
+    schedule = (function() {
+        var div = document.createElement("div");
+        var opts = {attributes: true};
+        var toggleScheduled = false;
+        var div2 = document.createElement("div");
+        var o2 = new MutationObserver(function() {
+            div.classList.toggle("foo");
+            toggleScheduled = false;
+        });
+        o2.observe(div2, opts);
+
+        var scheduleToggle = function() {
+            if (toggleScheduled) return;
+            toggleScheduled = true;
+            div2.classList.toggle("foo");
+        };
+
+        return function schedule(fn) {
+            var o = new MutationObserver(function() {
+                o.disconnect();
+                fn();
+            });
+            o.observe(div, opts);
+            scheduleToggle();
+        };
+    })();
+} else if (typeof setImmediate !== "undefined") {
+    schedule = function (fn) {
+        setImmediate(fn);
+    };
+} else if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
+    schedule = function (fn) {
+        setTimeout(fn, 0);
+    };
+} else {
+    schedule = noAsyncScheduler;
+}
+module.exports = schedule;
+
+},{"./util":36}],30:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+    function(Promise, PromiseArray, debug) {
+var PromiseInspection = Promise.PromiseInspection;
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+
+function SettledPromiseArray(values) {
+    this.constructor$(values);
+}
+util.inherits(SettledPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseResolved = function (index, inspection) {
+    this._values[index] = inspection;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        this._resolve(this._values);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    var ret = new PromiseInspection();
+    ret._bitField = 33554432;
+    ret._settledValueField = value;
+    return this._promiseResolved(index, ret);
+};
+SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason, index) {
+    var ret = new PromiseInspection();
+    ret._bitField = 16777216;
+    ret._settledValueField = reason;
+    return this._promiseResolved(index, ret);
+};
+
+Promise.settle = function (promises) {
+    debug.deprecated(".settle()", ".reflect()");
+    return new SettledPromiseArray(promises).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.settle = function () {
+    return Promise.settle(this);
+};
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],31:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var RangeError = _dereq_("./errors").RangeError;
+var AggregateError = _dereq_("./errors").AggregateError;
+var isArray = util.isArray;
+var CANCELLATION = {};
+
+
+function SomePromiseArray(values) {
+    this.constructor$(values);
+    this._howMany = 0;
+    this._unwrap = false;
+    this._initialized = false;
+}
+util.inherits(SomePromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {
+    if (!this._initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (this._howMany === 0) {
+        this._resolve([]);
+        return;
+    }
+    this._init$(undefined, -5);
+    var isArrayResolved = isArray(this._values);
+    if (!this._isResolved() &&
+        isArrayResolved &&
+        this._howMany > this._canPossiblyFulfill()) {
+        this._reject(this._getRangeError(this.length()));
+    }
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.init = function () {
+    this._initialized = true;
+    this._init();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.setUnwrap = function () {
+    this._unwrap = true;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.howMany = function () {
+    return this._howMany;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.setHowMany = function (count) {
+    this._howMany = count;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value) {
+    this._addFulfilled(value);
+    if (this._fulfilled() === this.howMany()) {
+        this._values.length = this.howMany();
+        if (this.howMany() === 1 && this._unwrap) {
+            this._resolve(this._values[0]);
+        } else {
+            this._resolve(this._values);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+
+};
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._addRejected(reason);
+    return this._checkOutcome();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseCancelled = function () {
+    if (this._values instanceof Promise || this._values == null) {
+        return this._cancel();
+    }
+    this._addRejected(CANCELLATION);
+    return this._checkOutcome();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._checkOutcome = function() {
+    if (this.howMany() > this._canPossiblyFulfill()) {
+        var e = new AggregateError();
+        for (var i = this.length(); i < this._values.length; ++i) {
+            if (this._values[i] !== CANCELLATION) {
+                e.push(this._values[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        if (e.length > 0) {
+            this._reject(e);
+        } else {
+            this._cancel();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._fulfilled = function () {
+    return this._totalResolved;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._rejected = function () {
+    return this._values.length - this.length();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._addRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._values.push(reason);
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._addFulfilled = function (value) {
+    this._values[this._totalResolved++] = value;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._canPossiblyFulfill = function () {
+    return this.length() - this._rejected();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._getRangeError = function (count) {
+    var message = "Input array must contain at least " +
+            this._howMany + " items but contains only " + count + " items";
+    return new RangeError(message);
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._resolveEmptyArray = function () {
+    this._reject(this._getRangeError(0));
+};
+
+function some(promises, howMany) {
+    if ((howMany | 0) !== howMany || howMany < 0) {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a positive integer\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    var ret = new SomePromiseArray(promises);
+    var promise = ret.promise();
+    ret.setHowMany(howMany);
+    ret.init();
+    return promise;
+}
+
+Promise.some = function (promises, howMany) {
+    return some(promises, howMany);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.some = function (howMany) {
+    return some(this, howMany);
+};
+
+Promise._SomePromiseArray = SomePromiseArray;
+};
+
+},{"./errors":12,"./util":36}],32:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+function PromiseInspection(promise) {
+    if (promise !== undefined) {
+        promise = promise._target();
+        this._bitField = promise._bitField;
+        this._settledValueField = promise._isFateSealed()
+            ? promise._settledValue() : undefined;
+    }
+    else {
+        this._bitField = 0;
+        this._settledValueField = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+PromiseInspection.prototype._settledValue = function() {
+    return this._settledValueField;
+};
+
+var value = PromiseInspection.prototype.value = function () {
+    if (!this.isFulfilled()) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot get fulfillment value of a non-fulfilled promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+var reason = PromiseInspection.prototype.error =
+PromiseInspection.prototype.reason = function () {
+    if (!this.isRejected()) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot get rejection reason of a non-rejected promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+var isFulfilled = PromiseInspection.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 33554432) !== 0;
+};
+
+var isRejected = PromiseInspection.prototype.isRejected = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 16777216) !== 0;
+};
+
+var isPending = PromiseInspection.prototype.isPending = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 50397184) === 0;
+};
+
+var isResolved = PromiseInspection.prototype.isResolved = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 50331648) !== 0;
+};
+
+PromiseInspection.prototype.isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 8454144) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.__isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 65536) === 65536;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isCancelled = function() {
+    return this._target().__isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._target()._bitField & 8454144) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isPending = function() {
+    return isPending.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isRejected = function() {
+    return isRejected.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
+    return isFulfilled.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isResolved = function() {
+    return isResolved.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.value = function() {
+    return value.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reason = function() {
+    var target = this._target();
+    target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    return reason.call(target);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._value = function() {
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._reason = function() {
+    this._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+Promise.PromiseInspection = PromiseInspection;
+};
+
+},{}],33:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var isObject = util.isObject;
+
+function tryConvertToPromise(obj, context) {
+    if (isObject(obj)) {
+        if (obj instanceof Promise) return obj;
+        var then = getThen(obj);
+        if (then === errorObj) {
+            if (context) context._pushContext();
+            var ret = Promise.reject(then.e);
+            if (context) context._popContext();
+            return ret;
+        } else if (typeof then === "function") {
+            if (isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj)) {
+                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+                obj._then(
+                    ret._fulfill,
+                    ret._reject,
+                    undefined,
+                    ret,
+                    null
+                );
+                return ret;
+            }
+            return doThenable(obj, then, context);
+        }
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function doGetThen(obj) {
+    return obj.then;
+}
+
+function getThen(obj) {
+    try {
+        return doGetThen(obj);
+    } catch (e) {
+        errorObj.e = e;
+        return errorObj;
+    }
+}
+
+var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+function isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj) {
+    try {
+        return hasProp.call(obj, "_promise0");
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function doThenable(x, then, context) {
+    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    var ret = promise;
+    if (context) context._pushContext();
+    promise._captureStackTrace();
+    if (context) context._popContext();
+    var synchronous = true;
+    var result = util.tryCatch(then).call(x, resolve, reject);
+    synchronous = false;
+
+    if (promise && result === errorObj) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(result.e, true, true);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+
+    function resolve(value) {
+        if (!promise) return;
+        promise._resolveCallback(value);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+
+    function reject(reason) {
+        if (!promise) return;
+        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous, true);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+return tryConvertToPromise;
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],34:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, debug) {
+var util = _dereq_("./util");
+var TimeoutError = Promise.TimeoutError;
+
+function HandleWrapper(handle)  {
+    this.handle = handle;
+}
+
+HandleWrapper.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    clearTimeout(this.handle);
+};
+
+var afterValue = function(value) { return delay(+this).thenReturn(value); };
+var delay = Promise.delay = function (ms, value) {
+    var ret;
+    var handle;
+    if (value !== undefined) {
+        ret = Promise.resolve(value)
+                ._then(afterValue, null, null, ms, undefined);
+        if (debug.cancellation() && value instanceof Promise) {
+            ret._setOnCancel(value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        handle = setTimeout(function() { ret._fulfill(); }, +ms);
+        if (debug.cancellation()) {
+            ret._setOnCancel(new HandleWrapper(handle));
+        }
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+    }
+    ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.delay = function (ms) {
+    return delay(ms, this);
+};
+
+var afterTimeout = function (promise, message, parent) {
+    var err;
+    if (typeof message !== "string") {
+        if (message instanceof Error) {
+            err = message;
+        } else {
+            err = new TimeoutError("operation timed out");
+        }
+    } else {
+        err = new TimeoutError(message);
+    }
+    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(err);
+    promise._attachExtraTrace(err);
+    promise._reject(err);
+
+    if (parent != null) {
+        parent.cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+function successClear(value) {
+    clearTimeout(this.handle);
+    return value;
+}
+
+function failureClear(reason) {
+    clearTimeout(this.handle);
+    throw reason;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.timeout = function (ms, message) {
+    ms = +ms;
+    var ret, parent;
+
+    var handleWrapper = new HandleWrapper(setTimeout(function timeoutTimeout() {
+        if (ret.isPending()) {
+            afterTimeout(ret, message, parent);
+        }
+    }, ms));
+
+    if (debug.cancellation()) {
+        parent = this.then();
+        ret = parent._then(successClear, failureClear,
+                            undefined, handleWrapper, undefined);
+        ret._setOnCancel(handleWrapper);
+    } else {
+        ret = this._then(successClear, failureClear,
+                            undefined, handleWrapper, undefined);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+};
+
+};
+
+},{"./util":36}],35:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function (Promise, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise,
+    createContext, INTERNAL, debug) {
+    var util = _dereq_("./util");
+    var TypeError = _dereq_("./errors").TypeError;
+    var inherits = _dereq_("./util").inherits;
+    var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+    var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+    var NULL = {};
+
+    function thrower(e) {
+        setTimeout(function(){throw e;}, 0);
+    }
+
+    function castPreservingDisposable(thenable) {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thenable);
+        if (maybePromise !== thenable &&
+            typeof thenable._isDisposable === "function" &&
+            typeof thenable._getDisposer === "function" &&
+            thenable._isDisposable()) {
+            maybePromise._setDisposable(thenable._getDisposer());
+        }
+        return maybePromise;
+    }
+    function dispose(resources, inspection) {
+        var i = 0;
+        var len = resources.length;
+        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        function iterator() {
+            if (i >= len) return ret._fulfill();
+            var maybePromise = castPreservingDisposable(resources[i++]);
+            if (maybePromise instanceof Promise &&
+                maybePromise._isDisposable()) {
+                try {
+                    maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(
+                        maybePromise._getDisposer().tryDispose(inspection),
+                        resources.promise);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return thrower(e);
+                }
+                if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                    return maybePromise._then(iterator, thrower,
+                                              null, null, null);
+                }
+            }
+            iterator();
+        }
+        iterator();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    function Disposer(data, promise, context) {
+        this._data = data;
+        this._promise = promise;
+        this._context = context;
+    }
+
+    Disposer.prototype.data = function () {
+        return this._data;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.prototype.promise = function () {
+        return this._promise;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.prototype.resource = function () {
+        if (this.promise().isFulfilled()) {
+            return this.promise().value();
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.prototype.tryDispose = function(inspection) {
+        var resource = this.resource();
+        var context = this._context;
+        if (context !== undefined) context._pushContext();
+        var ret = resource !== NULL
+            ? this.doDispose(resource, inspection) : null;
+        if (context !== undefined) context._popContext();
+        this._promise._unsetDisposable();
+        this._data = null;
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.isDisposer = function (d) {
+        return (d != null &&
+                typeof d.resource === "function" &&
+                typeof d.tryDispose === "function");
+    };
+
+    function FunctionDisposer(fn, promise, context) {
+        this.constructor$(fn, promise, context);
+    }
+    inherits(FunctionDisposer, Disposer);
+
+    FunctionDisposer.prototype.doDispose = function (resource, inspection) {
+        var fn = this.data();
+        return fn.call(resource, resource, inspection);
+    };
+
+    function maybeUnwrapDisposer(value) {
+        if (Disposer.isDisposer(value)) {
+            this.resources[this.index]._setDisposable(value);
+            return value.promise();
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    function ResourceList(length) {
+        this.length = length;
+        this.promise = null;
+        this[length-1] = null;
+    }
+
+    ResourceList.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+        var len = this.length;
+        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            var item = this[i];
+            if (item instanceof Promise) {
+                item.cancel();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    Promise.using = function () {
+        var len = arguments.length;
+        if (len < 2) return apiRejection(
+                        "you must pass at least 2 arguments to Promise.using");
+        var fn = arguments[len - 1];
+        if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+            return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+        }
+        var input;
+        var spreadArgs = true;
+        if (len === 2 && Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
+            input = arguments[0];
+            len = input.length;
+            spreadArgs = false;
+        } else {
+            input = arguments;
+            len--;
+        }
+        var resources = new ResourceList(len);
+        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            var resource = input[i];
+            if (Disposer.isDisposer(resource)) {
+                var disposer = resource;
+                resource = resource.promise();
+                resource._setDisposable(disposer);
+            } else {
+                var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(resource);
+                if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                    resource =
+                        maybePromise._then(maybeUnwrapDisposer, null, null, {
+                            resources: resources,
+                            index: i
+                    }, undefined);
+                }
+            }
+            resources[i] = resource;
+        }
+
+        var reflectedResources = new Array(resources.length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < reflectedResources.length; ++i) {
+            reflectedResources[i] = Promise.resolve(resources[i]).reflect();
+        }
+
+        var resultPromise = Promise.all(reflectedResources)
+            .then(function(inspections) {
+                for (var i = 0; i < inspections.length; ++i) {
+                    var inspection = inspections[i];
+                    if (inspection.isRejected()) {
+                        errorObj.e = inspection.error();
+                        return errorObj;
+                    } else if (!inspection.isFulfilled()) {
+                        resultPromise.cancel();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    inspections[i] = inspection.value();
+                }
+                promise._pushContext();
+
+                fn = tryCatch(fn);
+                var ret = spreadArgs
+                    ? fn.apply(undefined, inspections) : fn(inspections);
+                var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+                debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+                    ret, promiseCreated, "Promise.using", promise);
+                return ret;
+            });
+
+        var promise = resultPromise.lastly(function() {
+            var inspection = new Promise.PromiseInspection(resultPromise);
+            return dispose(resources, inspection);
+        });
+        resources.promise = promise;
+        promise._setOnCancel(resources);
+        return promise;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._setDisposable = function (disposer) {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField | 131072;
+        this._disposer = disposer;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._isDisposable = function () {
+        return (this._bitField & 131072) > 0;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._getDisposer = function () {
+        return this._disposer;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._unsetDisposable = function () {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~131072);
+        this._disposer = undefined;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype.disposer = function (fn) {
+        if (typeof fn === "function") {
+            return new FunctionDisposer(fn, this, createContext());
+        }
+        throw new TypeError();
+    };
+
+};
+
+},{"./errors":12,"./util":36}],36:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+"use strict";
+var es5 = _dereq_("./es5");
+var canEvaluate = typeof navigator == "undefined";
+
+var errorObj = {e: {}};
+var tryCatchTarget;
+var globalObject = typeof self !== "undefined" ? self :
+    typeof window !== "undefined" ? window :
+    typeof global !== "undefined" ? global :
+    this !== undefined ? this : null;
+
+function tryCatcher() {
+    try {
+        var target = tryCatchTarget;
+        tryCatchTarget = null;
+        return target.apply(this, arguments);
+    } catch (e) {
+        errorObj.e = e;
+        return errorObj;
+    }
+}
+function tryCatch(fn) {
+    tryCatchTarget = fn;
+    return tryCatcher;
+}
+
+var inherits = function(Child, Parent) {
+    var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    function T() {
+        this.constructor = Child;
+        this.constructor$ = Parent;
+        for (var propertyName in Parent.prototype) {
+            if (hasProp.call(Parent.prototype, propertyName) &&
+                propertyName.charAt(propertyName.length-1) !== "$"
+           ) {
+                this[propertyName + "$"] = Parent.prototype[propertyName];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    T.prototype = Parent.prototype;
+    Child.prototype = new T();
+    return Child.prototype;
+};
+
+
+function isPrimitive(val) {
+    return val == null || val === true || val === false ||
+        typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number";
+
+}
+
+function isObject(value) {
+    return typeof value === "function" ||
+           typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
+}
+
+function maybeWrapAsError(maybeError) {
+    if (!isPrimitive(maybeError)) return maybeError;
+
+    return new Error(safeToString(maybeError));
+}
+
+function withAppended(target, appendee) {
+    var len = target.length;
+    var ret = new Array(len + 1);
+    var i;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = target[i];
+    }
+    ret[i] = appendee;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key, defaultValue) {
+    if (es5.isES5) {
+        var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
+
+        if (desc != null) {
+            return desc.get == null && desc.set == null
+                    ? desc.value
+                    : defaultValue;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return {}.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key) ? obj[key] : undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+function notEnumerableProp(obj, name, value) {
+    if (isPrimitive(obj)) return obj;
+    var descriptor = {
+        value: value,
+        configurable: true,
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: true
+    };
+    es5.defineProperty(obj, name, descriptor);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function thrower(r) {
+    throw r;
+}
+
+var inheritedDataKeys = (function() {
+    var excludedPrototypes = [
+        Array.prototype,
+        Object.prototype,
+        Function.prototype
+    ];
+
+    var isExcludedProto = function(val) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < excludedPrototypes.length; ++i) {
+            if (excludedPrototypes[i] === val) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    if (es5.isES5) {
+        var getKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+        return function(obj) {
+            var ret = [];
+            var visitedKeys = Object.create(null);
+            while (obj != null && !isExcludedProto(obj)) {
+                var keys;
+                try {
+                    keys = getKeys(obj);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+                    var key = keys[i];
+                    if (visitedKeys[key]) continue;
+                    visitedKeys[key] = true;
+                    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
+                    if (desc != null && desc.get == null && desc.set == null) {
+                        ret.push(key);
+                    }
+                }
+                obj = es5.getPrototypeOf(obj);
+            }
+            return ret;
+        };
+    } else {
+        var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+        return function(obj) {
+            if (isExcludedProto(obj)) return [];
+            var ret = [];
+
+            /*jshint forin:false */
+            enumeration: for (var key in obj) {
+                if (hasProp.call(obj, key)) {
+                    ret.push(key);
+                } else {
+                    for (var i = 0; i < excludedPrototypes.length; ++i) {
+                        if (hasProp.call(excludedPrototypes[i], key)) {
+                            continue enumeration;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ret.push(key);
+                }
+            }
+            return ret;
+        };
+    }
+
+})();
+
+var thisAssignmentPattern = /this\s*\.\s*\S+\s*=/;
+function isClass(fn) {
+    try {
+        if (typeof fn === "function") {
+            var keys = es5.names(fn.prototype);
+
+            var hasMethods = es5.isES5 && keys.length > 1;
+            var hasMethodsOtherThanConstructor = keys.length > 0 &&
+                !(keys.length === 1 && keys[0] === "constructor");
+            var hasThisAssignmentAndStaticMethods =
+                thisAssignmentPattern.test(fn + "") && es5.names(fn).length > 0;
+
+            if (hasMethods || hasMethodsOtherThanConstructor ||
+                hasThisAssignmentAndStaticMethods) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function toFastProperties(obj) {
+    /*jshint -W027,-W055,-W031*/
+    function FakeConstructor() {}
+    FakeConstructor.prototype = obj;
+    var l = 8;
+    while (l--) new FakeConstructor();
+    return obj;
+    eval(obj);
+}
+
+var rident = /^[a-z$_][a-z$_0-9]*$/i;
+function isIdentifier(str) {
+    return rident.test(str);
+}
+
+function filledRange(count, prefix, suffix) {
+    var ret = new Array(count);
+    for(var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = prefix + i + suffix;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function safeToString(obj) {
+    try {
+        return obj + "";
+    } catch (e) {
+        return "[no string representation]";
+    }
+}
+
+function isError(obj) {
+    return obj instanceof Error ||
+        (obj !== null &&
+           typeof obj === "object" &&
+           typeof obj.message === "string" &&
+           typeof obj.name === "string");
+}
+
+function markAsOriginatingFromRejection(e) {
+    try {
+        notEnumerableProp(e, "isOperational", true);
+    }
+    catch(ignore) {}
+}
+
+function originatesFromRejection(e) {
+    if (e == null) return false;
+    return ((e instanceof Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"].OperationalError) ||
+        e["isOperational"] === true);
+}
+
+function canAttachTrace(obj) {
+    return isError(obj) && es5.propertyIsWritable(obj, "stack");
+}
+
+var ensureErrorObject = (function() {
+    if (!("stack" in new Error())) {
+        return function(value) {
+            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
+            try {throw new Error(safeToString(value));}
+            catch(err) {return err;}
+        };
+    } else {
+        return function(value) {
+            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
+            return new Error(safeToString(value));
+        };
+    }
+})();
+
+function classString(obj) {
+    return {}.toString.call(obj);
+}
+
+function copyDescriptors(from, to, filter) {
+    var keys = es5.names(from);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        if (filter(key)) {
+            try {
+                es5.defineProperty(to, key, es5.getDescriptor(from, key));
+            } catch (ignore) {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+var asArray = function(v) {
+    if (es5.isArray(v)) {
+        return v;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+if (typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && Symbol.iterator) {
+    var ArrayFrom = typeof Array.from === "function" ? function(v) {
+        return Array.from(v);
+    } : function(v) {
+        var ret = [];
+        var it = v[Symbol.iterator]();
+        var itResult;
+        while (!((itResult = it.next()).done)) {
+            ret.push(itResult.value);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    asArray = function(v) {
+        if (es5.isArray(v)) {
+            return v;
+        } else if (v != null && typeof v[Symbol.iterator] === "function") {
+            return ArrayFrom(v);
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+}
+
+var isNode = typeof process !== "undefined" &&
+        classString(process).toLowerCase() === "[object process]";
+
+var hasEnvVariables = typeof process !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof process.env !== "undefined";
+
+function env(key) {
+    return hasEnvVariables ? process.env[key] : undefined;
+}
+
+function getNativePromise() {
+    if (typeof Promise === "function") {
+        try {
+            var promise = new Promise(function(){});
+            if ({}.toString.call(promise) === "[object Promise]") {
+                return Promise;
+            }
+        } catch (e) {}
+    }
+}
+
+function domainBind(self, cb) {
+    return self.bind(cb);
+}
+
+var ret = {
+    isClass: isClass,
+    isIdentifier: isIdentifier,
+    inheritedDataKeys: inheritedDataKeys,
+    getDataPropertyOrDefault: getDataPropertyOrDefault,
+    thrower: thrower,
+    isArray: es5.isArray,
+    asArray: asArray,
+    notEnumerableProp: notEnumerableProp,
+    isPrimitive: isPrimitive,
+    isObject: isObject,
+    isError: isError,
+    canEvaluate: canEvaluate,
+    errorObj: errorObj,
+    tryCatch: tryCatch,
+    inherits: inherits,
+    withAppended: withAppended,
+    maybeWrapAsError: maybeWrapAsError,
+    toFastProperties: toFastProperties,
+    filledRange: filledRange,
+    toString: safeToString,
+    canAttachTrace: canAttachTrace,
+    ensureErrorObject: ensureErrorObject,
+    originatesFromRejection: originatesFromRejection,
+    markAsOriginatingFromRejection: markAsOriginatingFromRejection,
+    classString: classString,
+    copyDescriptors: copyDescriptors,
+    hasDevTools: typeof chrome !== "undefined" && chrome &&
+                 typeof chrome.loadTimes === "function",
+    isNode: isNode,
+    hasEnvVariables: hasEnvVariables,
+    env: env,
+    global: globalObject,
+    getNativePromise: getNativePromise,
+    domainBind: domainBind
+};
+ret.isRecentNode = ret.isNode && (function() {
+    var version = process.versions.node.split(".").map(Number);
+    return (version[0] === 0 && version[1] > 10) || (version[0] > 0);
+})();
+
+if (ret.isNode) ret.toFastProperties(process);
+
+try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {ret.lastLineError = e;}
+module.exports = ret;
+
+},{"./es5":13}]},{},[4])(4)
+});                    ;if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window !== null) {                               window.P = window.Promise;                                                     } else if (typeof self !== 'undefined' && self !== null) {                             self.P = self.Promise;                                                         }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.min.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e02a9cddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* @preserve
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ * 
+ */
+/**
+ * bluebird build version 3.5.1
+ * Features enabled: core, race, call_get, generators, map, nodeify, promisify, props, reduce, settle, some, using, timers, filter, any, each
+*/
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w=e.all(b).then(function(t){for(var e=0;e<t.length;++e){var n=t[e];if(n.isRejected())return y.e=n.error(),y;if(!n.isFulfilled())return void w.cancel();t[e]=n.value()}C._pushContext(),i=m(i);var r=a?i.apply(void 0,t):i(t),o=C._popContext();return s.checkForgottenReturns(r,o,"Promise.using",C),r}),C=w.lastly(function(){var t=new e.PromiseInspection(w);return l(c,t)});return c.promise=C,C._setOnCancel(c),C},e.prototype._setDisposable=function(t){this._bitField=131072|this._bitField,this._disposer=t},e.prototype._isDisposable=function(){return(131072&this._bitField)>0},e.prototype._getDisposer=function(){return this._disposer},e.prototype._unsetDisposable=function(){this._bitField=-131073&this._bitField,this._disposer=void 0},e.prototype.disposer=function(t){if("function"==typeof t)return new p(t,this,i());throw new d}}},{"./errors":12,"./util":36}],36:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(){try{var t=P;return P=null,t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){return T.e=e,T}}function i(t){return 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Array(t),i=0;t>i;++i)r[i]=e+i+n;return r}function v(t){try{return t+""}catch(e){return"[no string representation]"}}function y(t){return t instanceof Error||null!==t&&"object"==typeof t&&"string"==typeof t.message&&"string"==typeof t.name}function m(t){try{u(t,"isOperational",!0)}catch(e){}}function g(t){return null==t?!1:t instanceof Error.__BluebirdErrorTypes__.OperationalError||t.isOperational===!0}function b(t){return y(t)&&F.propertyIsWritable(t,"stack")}function w(t){return{}.toString.call(t)}function C(t,e,n){for(var r=F.names(t),i=0;i<r.length;++i){var o=r[i];if(n(o))try{F.defineProperty(e,o,F.getDescriptor(t,o))}catch(s){}}}function j(t){return N?process.env[t]:void 0}function E(){if("function"==typeof Promise)try{var t=new Promise(function(){});if("[object Promise]"==={}.toString.call(t))return Promise}catch(e){}}function k(t,e){return t.bind(e)}var F=t("./es5"),x="undefined"==typeof navigator,T={e:{}},P,R="undefined"!=typeof self?self:"undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:void 0!==this?this:null,S=function(t,e){function n(){this.constructor=t,this.constructor$=e;for(var n in e.prototype)r.call(e.prototype,n)&&"$"!==n.charAt(n.length-1)&&(this[n+"$"]=e.prototype[n])}var r={}.hasOwnProperty;return n.prototype=e.prototype,t.prototype=new n,t.prototype},O=function(){var t=[Array.prototype,Object.prototype,Function.prototype],e=function(e){for(var n=0;n<t.length;++n)if(t[n]===e)return!0;return!1};if(F.isES5){var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames;return function(t){for(var r=[],i=Object.create(null);null!=t&&!e(t);){var o;try{o=n(t)}catch(s){return r}for(var a=0;a<o.length;++a){var c=o[a];if(!i[c]){i[c]=!0;var l=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,c);null!=l&&null==l.get&&null==l.set&&r.push(c)}}t=F.getPrototypeOf(t)}return r}}var r={}.hasOwnProperty;return function(n){if(e(n))return[];var i=[];t:for(var o in n)if(r.call(n,o))i.push(o);else{for(var s=0;s<t.length;++s)if(r.call(t[s],o))continue t;i.push(o)}return i}}(),A=/this\s*\.\s*\S+\s*=/,D=/^[a-z$_][a-z$_0-9]*$/i,V=function(){return"stack"in new Error?function(t){return b(t)?t:new Error(v(t))}:function(t){if(b(t))return t;try{throw new Error(v(t))}catch(e){return e}}}(),I=function(t){return F.isArray(t)?t:null};if("undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.iterator){var L="function"==typeof Array.from?function(t){return Array.from(t)}:function(t){for(var e,n=[],r=t[Symbol.iterator]();!(e=r.next()).done;)n.push(e.value);return n};I=function(t){return F.isArray(t)?t:null!=t&&"function"==typeof t[Symbol.iterator]?L(t):null}}var H="undefined"!=typeof process&&"[object process]"===w(process).toLowerCase(),N="undefined"!=typeof process&&"undefined"!=typeof process.env,B={isClass:h,isIdentifier:_,inheritedDataKeys:O,getDataPropertyOrDefault:l,thrower:p,isArray:F.isArray,asArray:I,notEnumerableProp:u,isPrimitive:o,isObject:s,isError:y,canEvaluate:x,errorObj:T,tryCatch:i,inherits:S,withAppended:c,maybeWrapAsError:a,toFastProperties:f,filledRange:d,toString:v,canAttachTrace:b,ensureErrorObject:V,originatesFromRejection:g,markAsOriginatingFromRejection:m,classString:w,copyDescriptors:C,hasDevTools:"undefined"!=typeof chrome&&chrome&&"function"==typeof chrome.loadTimes,isNode:H,hasEnvVariables:N,env:j,global:R,getNativePromise:E,domainBind:k};B.isRecentNode=B.isNode&&function(){var t=process.versions.node.split(".").map(Number);return 0===t[0]&&t[1]>10||t[0]>0}(),B.isNode&&B.toFastProperties(process);try{throw new Error}catch(U){B.lastLineError=U}e.exports=B},{"./es5":13}]},{},[4])(4)}),"undefined"!=typeof window&&null!==window?window.P=window.Promise:"undefined"!=typeof self&&null!==self&&(self.P=self.Promise);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/any.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/any.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05a6228ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/any.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var SomePromiseArray = Promise._SomePromiseArray;
+function any(promises) {
+    var ret = new SomePromiseArray(promises);
+    var promise = ret.promise();
+    ret.setHowMany(1);
+    ret.setUnwrap();
+    ret.init();
+    return promise;
+}
+
+Promise.any = function (promises) {
+    return any(promises);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.any = function () {
+    return any(this);
+};
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/assert.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/assert.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4518231a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/assert.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = (function(){
+var AssertionError = (function() {
+    function AssertionError(a) {
+        this.constructor$(a);
+        this.message = a;
+        this.name = "AssertionError";
+    }
+    AssertionError.prototype = new Error();
+    AssertionError.prototype.constructor = AssertionError;
+    AssertionError.prototype.constructor$ = Error;
+    return AssertionError;
+})();
+
+function getParams(args) {
+    var params = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) params.push("arg" + i);
+    return params;
+}
+
+function nativeAssert(callName, args, expect) {
+    try {
+        var params = getParams(args);
+        var constructorArgs = params;
+        constructorArgs.push("return " +
+                callName + "("+ params.join(",") + ");");
+        var fn = Function.apply(null, constructorArgs);
+        return fn.apply(null, args);
+    } catch (e) {
+        if (!(e instanceof SyntaxError)) {
+            throw e;
+        } else {
+            return expect;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+return function assert(boolExpr, message) {
+    if (boolExpr === true) return;
+
+    if (typeof boolExpr === "string" &&
+        boolExpr.charAt(0) === "%") {
+        var nativeCallName = boolExpr;
+        var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array(Math.max($_len - 2, 0)); for(var $_i = 2; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i - 2] = arguments[$_i];};
+        if (nativeAssert(nativeCallName, args, message) === message) return;
+        message = (nativeCallName + " !== " + message);
+    }
+
+    var ret = new AssertionError(message);
+    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+        Error.captureStackTrace(ret, assert);
+    }
+    throw ret;
+};
+})();
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/async.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/async.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41f665564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/async.js
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"use strict";
+var firstLineError;
+try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {firstLineError = e;}
+var schedule = require("./schedule");
+var Queue = require("./queue");
+var util = require("./util");
+
+function Async() {
+    this._customScheduler = false;
+    this._isTickUsed = false;
+    this._lateQueue = new Queue(16);
+    this._normalQueue = new Queue(16);
+    this._haveDrainedQueues = false;
+    this._trampolineEnabled = true;
+    var self = this;
+    this.drainQueues = function () {
+        self._drainQueues();
+    };
+    this._schedule = schedule;
+}
+
+Async.prototype.setScheduler = function(fn) {
+    var prev = this._schedule;
+    this._schedule = fn;
+    this._customScheduler = true;
+    return prev;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.hasCustomScheduler = function() {
+    return this._customScheduler;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.enableTrampoline = function() {
+    this._trampolineEnabled = true;
+};
+
+Async.prototype.disableTrampolineIfNecessary = function() {
+    if (util.hasDevTools) {
+        this._trampolineEnabled = false;
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype.haveItemsQueued = function () {
+    return this._isTickUsed || this._haveDrainedQueues;
+};
+
+
+Async.prototype.fatalError = function(e, isNode) {
+    if (isNode) {
+        process.stderr.write("Fatal " + (e instanceof Error ? e.stack : e) +
+            "\n");
+        process.exit(2);
+    } else {
+        this.throwLater(e);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype.throwLater = function(fn, arg) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+        arg = fn;
+        fn = function () { throw arg; };
+    }
+    if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
+        setTimeout(function() {
+            fn(arg);
+        }, 0);
+    } else try {
+        this._schedule(function() {
+            fn(arg);
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+};
+
+function AsyncInvokeLater(fn, receiver, arg) {
+    this._lateQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+function AsyncInvoke(fn, receiver, arg) {
+    this._normalQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+function AsyncSettlePromises(promise) {
+    this._normalQueue._pushOne(promise);
+    this._queueTick();
+}
+
+if (!util.hasDevTools) {
+    Async.prototype.invokeLater = AsyncInvokeLater;
+    Async.prototype.invoke = AsyncInvoke;
+    Async.prototype.settlePromises = AsyncSettlePromises;
+} else {
+    Async.prototype.invokeLater = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncInvokeLater.call(this, fn, receiver, arg);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                setTimeout(function() {
+                    fn.call(receiver, arg);
+                }, 100);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    Async.prototype.invoke = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncInvoke.call(this, fn, receiver, arg);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                fn.call(receiver, arg);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    Async.prototype.settlePromises = function(promise) {
+        if (this._trampolineEnabled) {
+            AsyncSettlePromises.call(this, promise);
+        } else {
+            this._schedule(function() {
+                promise._settlePromises();
+            });
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+Async.prototype._drainQueue = function(queue) {
+    while (queue.length() > 0) {
+        var fn = queue.shift();
+        if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+            fn._settlePromises();
+            continue;
+        }
+        var receiver = queue.shift();
+        var arg = queue.shift();
+        fn.call(receiver, arg);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype._drainQueues = function () {
+    this._drainQueue(this._normalQueue);
+    this._reset();
+    this._haveDrainedQueues = true;
+    this._drainQueue(this._lateQueue);
+};
+
+Async.prototype._queueTick = function () {
+    if (!this._isTickUsed) {
+        this._isTickUsed = true;
+        this._schedule(this.drainQueues);
+    }
+};
+
+Async.prototype._reset = function () {
+    this._isTickUsed = false;
+};
+
+module.exports = Async;
+module.exports.firstLineError = firstLineError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/bind.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/bind.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc3379db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/bind.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, debug) {
+var calledBind = false;
+var rejectThis = function(_, e) {
+    this._reject(e);
+};
+
+var targetRejected = function(e, context) {
+    context.promiseRejectionQueued = true;
+    context.bindingPromise._then(rejectThis, rejectThis, null, this, e);
+};
+
+var bindingResolved = function(thisArg, context) {
+    if (((this._bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        this._resolveCallback(context.target);
+    }
+};
+
+var bindingRejected = function(e, context) {
+    if (!context.promiseRejectionQueued) this._reject(e);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.bind = function (thisArg) {
+    if (!calledBind) {
+        calledBind = true;
+        Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = debug.propagateFromFunction();
+        Promise.prototype._boundValue = debug.boundValueFunction();
+    }
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thisArg);
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._propagateFrom(this, 1);
+    var target = this._target();
+    ret._setBoundTo(maybePromise);
+    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+        var context = {
+            promiseRejectionQueued: false,
+            promise: ret,
+            target: target,
+            bindingPromise: maybePromise
+        };
+        target._then(INTERNAL, targetRejected, undefined, ret, context);
+        maybePromise._then(
+            bindingResolved, bindingRejected, undefined, ret, context);
+        ret._setOnCancel(maybePromise);
+    } else {
+        ret._resolveCallback(target);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setBoundTo = function (obj) {
+    if (obj !== undefined) {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField | 2097152;
+        this._boundTo = obj;
+    } else {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~2097152);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isBound = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 2097152) === 2097152;
+};
+
+Promise.bind = function (thisArg, value) {
+    return Promise.resolve(value).bind(thisArg);
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/bluebird.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/bluebird.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c36cf364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/bluebird.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"use strict";
+var old;
+if (typeof Promise !== "undefined") old = Promise;
+function noConflict() {
+    try { if (Promise === bluebird) Promise = old; }
+    catch (e) {}
+    return bluebird;
+}
+var bluebird = require("./promise")();
+bluebird.noConflict = noConflict;
+module.exports = bluebird;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/call_get.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/call_get.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ed7714ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/call_get.js
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"use strict";
+var cr = Object.create;
+if (cr) {
+    var callerCache = cr(null);
+    var getterCache = cr(null);
+    callerCache[" size"] = getterCache[" size"] = 0;
+}
+
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var isIdentifier = util.isIdentifier;
+
+var getMethodCaller;
+var getGetter;
+if (!false) {
+var makeMethodCaller = function (methodName) {
+    return new Function("ensureMethod", "                                    \n\
+        return function(obj) {                                               \n\
+            'use strict'                                                     \n\
+            var len = this.length;                                           \n\
+            ensureMethod(obj, 'methodName');                                 \n\
+            switch(len) {                                                    \n\
+                case 1: return obj.methodName(this[0]);                      \n\
+                case 2: return obj.methodName(this[0], this[1]);             \n\
+                case 3: return obj.methodName(this[0], this[1], this[2]);    \n\
+                case 0: return obj.methodName();                             \n\
+                default:                                                     \n\
+                    return obj.methodName.apply(obj, this);                  \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+        };                                                                   \n\
+        ".replace(/methodName/g, methodName))(ensureMethod);
+};
+
+var makeGetter = function (propertyName) {
+    return new Function("obj", "                                             \n\
+        'use strict';                                                        \n\
+        return obj.propertyName;                                             \n\
+        ".replace("propertyName", propertyName));
+};
+
+var getCompiled = function(name, compiler, cache) {
+    var ret = cache[name];
+    if (typeof ret !== "function") {
+        if (!isIdentifier(name)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ret = compiler(name);
+        cache[name] = ret;
+        cache[" size"]++;
+        if (cache[" size"] > 512) {
+            var keys = Object.keys(cache);
+            for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) delete cache[keys[i]];
+            cache[" size"] = keys.length - 256;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+getMethodCaller = function(name) {
+    return getCompiled(name, makeMethodCaller, callerCache);
+};
+
+getGetter = function(name) {
+    return getCompiled(name, makeGetter, getterCache);
+};
+}
+
+function ensureMethod(obj, methodName) {
+    var fn;
+    if (obj != null) fn = obj[methodName];
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        var message = "Object " + util.classString(obj) + " has no method '" +
+            util.toString(methodName) + "'";
+        throw new Promise.TypeError(message);
+    }
+    return fn;
+}
+
+function caller(obj) {
+    var methodName = this.pop();
+    var fn = ensureMethod(obj, methodName);
+    return fn.apply(obj, this);
+}
+Promise.prototype.call = function (methodName) {
+    var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array(Math.max($_len - 1, 0)); for(var $_i = 1; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i - 1] = arguments[$_i];};
+    if (!false) {
+        if (canEvaluate) {
+            var maybeCaller = getMethodCaller(methodName);
+            if (maybeCaller !== null) {
+                return this._then(
+                    maybeCaller, undefined, undefined, args, undefined);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    args.push(methodName);
+    return this._then(caller, undefined, undefined, args, undefined);
+};
+
+function namedGetter(obj) {
+    return obj[this];
+}
+function indexedGetter(obj) {
+    var index = +this;
+    if (index < 0) index = Math.max(0, index + obj.length);
+    return obj[index];
+}
+Promise.prototype.get = function (propertyName) {
+    var isIndex = (typeof propertyName === "number");
+    var getter;
+    if (!isIndex) {
+        if (canEvaluate) {
+            var maybeGetter = getGetter(propertyName);
+            getter = maybeGetter !== null ? maybeGetter : namedGetter;
+        } else {
+            getter = namedGetter;
+        }
+    } else {
+        getter = indexedGetter;
+    }
+    return this._then(getter, undefined, undefined, propertyName, undefined);
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/cancel.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/cancel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a12415ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/cancel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, debug) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var async = Promise._async;
+
+Promise.prototype["break"] = Promise.prototype.cancel = function() {
+    if (!debug.cancellation()) return this._warn("cancellation is disabled");
+
+    var promise = this;
+    var child = promise;
+    while (promise._isCancellable()) {
+        if (!promise._cancelBy(child)) {
+            if (child._isFollowing()) {
+                child._followee().cancel();
+            } else {
+                child._cancelBranched();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        var parent = promise._cancellationParent;
+        if (parent == null || !parent._isCancellable()) {
+            if (promise._isFollowing()) {
+                promise._followee().cancel();
+            } else {
+                promise._cancelBranched();
+            }
+            break;
+        } else {
+            if (promise._isFollowing()) promise._followee().cancel();
+            promise._setWillBeCancelled();
+            child = promise;
+            promise = parent;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._branchHasCancelled = function() {
+    this._branchesRemainingToCancel--;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled = function() {
+    return this._branchesRemainingToCancel === undefined ||
+           this._branchesRemainingToCancel <= 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelBy = function(canceller) {
+    if (canceller === this) {
+        this._branchesRemainingToCancel = 0;
+        this._invokeOnCancel();
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        this._branchHasCancelled();
+        if (this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()) {
+            this._invokeOnCancel();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelBranched = function() {
+    if (this._enoughBranchesHaveCancelled()) {
+        this._cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancel = function() {
+    if (!this._isCancellable()) return;
+    this._setCancelled();
+    async.invoke(this._cancelPromises, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._cancelPromises = function() {
+    if (this._length() > 0) this._settlePromises();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetOnCancel = function() {
+    this._onCancelField = undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isCancellable = function() {
+    return this.isPending() && !this._isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isCancellable = function() {
+    return this.isPending() && !this.isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._doInvokeOnCancel = function(onCancelCallback, internalOnly) {
+    if (util.isArray(onCancelCallback)) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < onCancelCallback.length; ++i) {
+            this._doInvokeOnCancel(onCancelCallback[i], internalOnly);
+        }
+    } else if (onCancelCallback !== undefined) {
+        if (typeof onCancelCallback === "function") {
+            if (!internalOnly) {
+                var e = tryCatch(onCancelCallback).call(this._boundValue());
+                if (e === errorObj) {
+                    this._attachExtraTrace(e.e);
+                    async.throwLater(e.e);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            onCancelCallback._resultCancelled(this);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._invokeOnCancel = function() {
+    var onCancelCallback = this._onCancel();
+    this._unsetOnCancel();
+    async.invoke(this._doInvokeOnCancel, this, onCancelCallback);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._invokeInternalOnCancel = function() {
+    if (this._isCancellable()) {
+        this._doInvokeOnCancel(this._onCancel(), true);
+        this._unsetOnCancel();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    this.cancel();
+};
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/catch_filter.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/catch_filter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f24ce23e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/catch_filter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(NEXT_FILTER) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var getKeys = require("./es5").keys;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+
+function catchFilter(instances, cb, promise) {
+    return function(e) {
+        var boundTo = promise._boundValue();
+        predicateLoop: for (var i = 0; i < instances.length; ++i) {
+            var item = instances[i];
+
+            if (item === Error ||
+                (item != null && item.prototype instanceof Error)) {
+                if (e instanceof item) {
+                    return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+                }
+            } else if (typeof item === "function") {
+                var matchesPredicate = tryCatch(item).call(boundTo, e);
+                if (matchesPredicate === errorObj) {
+                    return matchesPredicate;
+                } else if (matchesPredicate) {
+                    return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+                }
+            } else if (util.isObject(e)) {
+                var keys = getKeys(item);
+                for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; ++j) {
+                    var key = keys[j];
+                    if (item[key] != e[key]) {
+                        continue predicateLoop;
+                    }
+                }
+                return tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
+            }
+        }
+        return NEXT_FILTER;
+    };
+}
+
+return catchFilter;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/context.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/context.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c307414fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/context.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var longStackTraces = false;
+var contextStack = [];
+
+Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._pushContext = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._popContext = function() {return null;};
+Promise._peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext = function() {};
+
+function Context() {
+    this._trace = new Context.CapturedTrace(peekContext());
+}
+Context.prototype._pushContext = function () {
+    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
+        this._trace._promiseCreated = null;
+        contextStack.push(this._trace);
+    }
+};
+
+Context.prototype._popContext = function () {
+    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
+        var trace = contextStack.pop();
+        var ret = trace._promiseCreated;
+        trace._promiseCreated = null;
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+function createContext() {
+    if (longStackTraces) return new Context();
+}
+
+function peekContext() {
+    var lastIndex = contextStack.length - 1;
+    if (lastIndex >= 0) {
+        return contextStack[lastIndex];
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+Context.CapturedTrace = null;
+Context.create = createContext;
+Context.deactivateLongStackTraces = function() {};
+Context.activateLongStackTraces = function() {
+    var Promise_pushContext = Promise.prototype._pushContext;
+    var Promise_popContext = Promise.prototype._popContext;
+    var Promise_PeekContext = Promise._peekContext;
+    var Promise_peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext;
+    var Promise_promiseCreated = Promise.prototype._promiseCreated;
+    Context.deactivateLongStackTraces = function() {
+        Promise.prototype._pushContext = Promise_pushContext;
+        Promise.prototype._popContext = Promise_popContext;
+        Promise._peekContext = Promise_PeekContext;
+        Promise.prototype._peekContext = Promise_peekContext;
+        Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = Promise_promiseCreated;
+        longStackTraces = false;
+    };
+    longStackTraces = true;
+    Promise.prototype._pushContext = Context.prototype._pushContext;
+    Promise.prototype._popContext = Context.prototype._popContext;
+    Promise._peekContext = Promise.prototype._peekContext = peekContext;
+    Promise.prototype._promiseCreated = function() {
+        var ctx = this._peekContext();
+        if (ctx && ctx._promiseCreated == null) ctx._promiseCreated = this;
+    };
+};
+return Context;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/debuggability.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/debuggability.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..695680413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/debuggability.js
@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, Context) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var async = Promise._async;
+var Warning = require("./errors").Warning;
+var util = require("./util");
+var canAttachTrace = util.canAttachTrace;
+var unhandledRejectionHandled;
+var possiblyUnhandledRejection;
+var bluebirdFramePattern =
+    /[\\\/]bluebird[\\\/]js[\\\/](release|debug|instrumented)/;
+var nodeFramePattern = /\((?:timers\.js):\d+:\d+\)/;
+var parseLinePattern = /[\/<\(](.+?):(\d+):(\d+)\)?\s*$/;
+var stackFramePattern = null;
+var formatStack = null;
+var indentStackFrames = false;
+var printWarning;
+var debugging = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_DEBUG") != 0 &&
+                        (false ||
+                         util.env("BLUEBIRD_DEBUG") ||
+                         util.env("NODE_ENV") === "development"));
+
+var warnings = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_WARNINGS") != 0 &&
+    (debugging || util.env("BLUEBIRD_WARNINGS")));
+
+var longStackTraces = !!(util.env("BLUEBIRD_LONG_STACK_TRACES") != 0 &&
+    (debugging || util.env("BLUEBIRD_LONG_STACK_TRACES")));
+
+var wForgottenReturn = util.env("BLUEBIRD_W_FORGOTTEN_RETURN") != 0 &&
+    (warnings || !!util.env("BLUEBIRD_W_FORGOTTEN_RETURN"));
+
+Promise.prototype.suppressUnhandledRejections = function() {
+    var target = this._target();
+    target._bitField = ((target._bitField & (~1048576)) |
+                      524288);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled = function () {
+    if ((this._bitField & 524288) !== 0) return;
+    this._setRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    var self = this;
+    setTimeout(function() {
+        self._notifyUnhandledRejection();
+    }, 1);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled = function () {
+    fireRejectionEvent("rejectionHandled",
+                                  unhandledRejectionHandled, undefined, this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setReturnedNonUndefined = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 268435456;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._returnedNonUndefined = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 268435456) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejection = function () {
+    if (this._isRejectionUnhandled()) {
+        var reason = this._settledValue();
+        this._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
+        fireRejectionEvent("unhandledRejection",
+                                      possiblyUnhandledRejection, reason, this);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 262144;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~262144);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isUnhandledRejectionNotified = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 262144) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 1048576;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~1048576);
+    if (this._isUnhandledRejectionNotified()) {
+        this._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
+        this._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isRejectionUnhandled = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 1048576) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._warn = function(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise) {
+    return warn(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise || this);
+};
+
+Promise.onPossiblyUnhandledRejection = function (fn) {
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    possiblyUnhandledRejection =
+        typeof fn === "function" ? (domain === null ?
+                                            fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn))
+                                 : undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.onUnhandledRejectionHandled = function (fn) {
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    unhandledRejectionHandled =
+        typeof fn === "function" ? (domain === null ?
+                                            fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn))
+                                 : undefined;
+};
+
+var disableLongStackTraces = function() {};
+Promise.longStackTraces = function () {
+    if (async.haveItemsQueued() && !config.longStackTraces) {
+        throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    if (!config.longStackTraces && longStackTracesIsSupported()) {
+        var Promise_captureStackTrace = Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace;
+        var Promise_attachExtraTrace = Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace;
+        config.longStackTraces = true;
+        disableLongStackTraces = function() {
+            if (async.haveItemsQueued() && !config.longStackTraces) {
+                throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+            }
+            Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = Promise_captureStackTrace;
+            Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = Promise_attachExtraTrace;
+            Context.deactivateLongStackTraces();
+            async.enableTrampoline();
+            config.longStackTraces = false;
+        };
+        Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = longStackTracesCaptureStackTrace;
+        Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = longStackTracesAttachExtraTrace;
+        Context.activateLongStackTraces();
+        async.disableTrampolineIfNecessary();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.hasLongStackTraces = function () {
+    return config.longStackTraces && longStackTracesIsSupported();
+};
+
+var fireDomEvent = (function() {
+    try {
+        if (typeof CustomEvent === "function") {
+            var event = new CustomEvent("CustomEvent");
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = new CustomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), {
+                    detail: event,
+                    cancelable: true
+                });
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        } else if (typeof Event === "function") {
+            var event = new Event("CustomEvent");
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = new Event(name.toLowerCase(), {
+                    cancelable: true
+                });
+                domEvent.detail = event;
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        } else {
+            var event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+            event.initCustomEvent("testingtheevent", false, true, {});
+            util.global.dispatchEvent(event);
+            return function(name, event) {
+                var domEvent = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+                domEvent.initCustomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), false, true,
+                    event);
+                return !util.global.dispatchEvent(domEvent);
+            };
+        }
+    } catch (e) {}
+    return function() {
+        return false;
+    };
+})();
+
+var fireGlobalEvent = (function() {
+    if (util.isNode) {
+        return function() {
+            return process.emit.apply(process, arguments);
+        };
+    } else {
+        if (!util.global) {
+            return function() {
+                return false;
+            };
+        }
+        return function(name) {
+            var methodName = "on" + name.toLowerCase();
+            var method = util.global[methodName];
+            if (!method) return false;
+            method.apply(util.global, [].slice.call(arguments, 1));
+            return true;
+        };
+    }
+})();
+
+function generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject(name, promise) {
+    return {promise: promise};
+}
+
+var eventToObjectGenerator = {
+    promiseCreated: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseFulfilled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseRejected: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseResolved: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseCancelled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject,
+    promiseChained: function(name, promise, child) {
+        return {promise: promise, child: child};
+    },
+    warning: function(name, warning) {
+        return {warning: warning};
+    },
+    unhandledRejection: function (name, reason, promise) {
+        return {reason: reason, promise: promise};
+    },
+    rejectionHandled: generatePromiseLifecycleEventObject
+};
+
+var activeFireEvent = function (name) {
+    var globalEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        globalEventFired = fireGlobalEvent.apply(null, arguments);
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+        globalEventFired = true;
+    }
+
+    var domEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        domEventFired = fireDomEvent(name,
+                    eventToObjectGenerator[name].apply(null, arguments));
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+        domEventFired = true;
+    }
+
+    return domEventFired || globalEventFired;
+};
+
+Promise.config = function(opts) {
+    opts = Object(opts);
+    if ("longStackTraces" in opts) {
+        if (opts.longStackTraces) {
+            Promise.longStackTraces();
+        } else if (!opts.longStackTraces && Promise.hasLongStackTraces()) {
+            disableLongStackTraces();
+        }
+    }
+    if ("warnings" in opts) {
+        var warningsOption = opts.warnings;
+        config.warnings = !!warningsOption;
+        wForgottenReturn = config.warnings;
+
+        if (util.isObject(warningsOption)) {
+            if ("wForgottenReturn" in warningsOption) {
+                wForgottenReturn = !!warningsOption.wForgottenReturn;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ("cancellation" in opts && opts.cancellation && !config.cancellation) {
+        if (async.haveItemsQueued()) {
+            throw new Error(
+                "cannot enable cancellation after promises are in use");
+        }
+        Promise.prototype._clearCancellationData =
+            cancellationClearCancellationData;
+        Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = cancellationPropagateFrom;
+        Promise.prototype._onCancel = cancellationOnCancel;
+        Promise.prototype._setOnCancel = cancellationSetOnCancel;
+        Promise.prototype._attachCancellationCallback =
+            cancellationAttachCancellationCallback;
+        Promise.prototype._execute = cancellationExecute;
+        propagateFromFunction = cancellationPropagateFrom;
+        config.cancellation = true;
+    }
+    if ("monitoring" in opts) {
+        if (opts.monitoring && !config.monitoring) {
+            config.monitoring = true;
+            Promise.prototype._fireEvent = activeFireEvent;
+        } else if (!opts.monitoring && config.monitoring) {
+            config.monitoring = false;
+            Promise.prototype._fireEvent = defaultFireEvent;
+        }
+    }
+    return Promise;
+};
+
+function defaultFireEvent() { return false; }
+
+Promise.prototype._fireEvent = defaultFireEvent;
+Promise.prototype._execute = function(executor, resolve, reject) {
+    try {
+        executor(resolve, reject);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return e;
+    }
+};
+Promise.prototype._onCancel = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._setOnCancel = function (handler) { ; };
+Promise.prototype._attachCancellationCallback = function(onCancel) {
+    ;
+};
+Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = function () {};
+Promise.prototype._clearCancellationData = function() {};
+Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = function (parent, flags) {
+    ;
+    ;
+};
+
+function cancellationExecute(executor, resolve, reject) {
+    var promise = this;
+    try {
+        executor(resolve, reject, function(onCancel) {
+            if (typeof onCancel !== "function") {
+                throw new TypeError("onCancel must be a function, got: " +
+                                    util.toString(onCancel));
+            }
+            promise._attachCancellationCallback(onCancel);
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        return e;
+    }
+}
+
+function cancellationAttachCancellationCallback(onCancel) {
+    if (!this._isCancellable()) return this;
+
+    var previousOnCancel = this._onCancel();
+    if (previousOnCancel !== undefined) {
+        if (util.isArray(previousOnCancel)) {
+            previousOnCancel.push(onCancel);
+        } else {
+            this._setOnCancel([previousOnCancel, onCancel]);
+        }
+    } else {
+        this._setOnCancel(onCancel);
+    }
+}
+
+function cancellationOnCancel() {
+    return this._onCancelField;
+}
+
+function cancellationSetOnCancel(onCancel) {
+    this._onCancelField = onCancel;
+}
+
+function cancellationClearCancellationData() {
+    this._cancellationParent = undefined;
+    this._onCancelField = undefined;
+}
+
+function cancellationPropagateFrom(parent, flags) {
+    if ((flags & 1) !== 0) {
+        this._cancellationParent = parent;
+        var branchesRemainingToCancel = parent._branchesRemainingToCancel;
+        if (branchesRemainingToCancel === undefined) {
+            branchesRemainingToCancel = 0;
+        }
+        parent._branchesRemainingToCancel = branchesRemainingToCancel + 1;
+    }
+    if ((flags & 2) !== 0 && parent._isBound()) {
+        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
+    }
+}
+
+function bindingPropagateFrom(parent, flags) {
+    if ((flags & 2) !== 0 && parent._isBound()) {
+        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
+    }
+}
+var propagateFromFunction = bindingPropagateFrom;
+
+function boundValueFunction() {
+    var ret = this._boundTo;
+    if (ret !== undefined) {
+        if (ret instanceof Promise) {
+            if (ret.isFulfilled()) {
+                return ret.value();
+            } else {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function longStackTracesCaptureStackTrace() {
+    this._trace = new CapturedTrace(this._peekContext());
+}
+
+function longStackTracesAttachExtraTrace(error, ignoreSelf) {
+    if (canAttachTrace(error)) {
+        var trace = this._trace;
+        if (trace !== undefined) {
+            if (ignoreSelf) trace = trace._parent;
+        }
+        if (trace !== undefined) {
+            trace.attachExtraTrace(error);
+        } else if (!error.__stackCleaned__) {
+            var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(error);
+            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "stack",
+                parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n"));
+            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function checkForgottenReturns(returnValue, promiseCreated, name, promise,
+                               parent) {
+    if (returnValue === undefined && promiseCreated !== null &&
+        wForgottenReturn) {
+        if (parent !== undefined && parent._returnedNonUndefined()) return;
+        if ((promise._bitField & 65535) === 0) return;
+
+        if (name) name = name + " ";
+        var handlerLine = "";
+        var creatorLine = "";
+        if (promiseCreated._trace) {
+            var traceLines = promiseCreated._trace.stack.split("\n");
+            var stack = cleanStack(traceLines);
+            for (var i = stack.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                var line = stack[i];
+                if (!nodeFramePattern.test(line)) {
+                    var lineMatches = line.match(parseLinePattern);
+                    if (lineMatches) {
+                        handlerLine  = "at " + lineMatches[1] +
+                            ":" + lineMatches[2] + ":" + lineMatches[3] + " ";
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (stack.length > 0) {
+                var firstUserLine = stack[0];
+                for (var i = 0; i < traceLines.length; ++i) {
+
+                    if (traceLines[i] === firstUserLine) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            creatorLine = "\n" + traceLines[i - 1];
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+        var msg = "a promise was created in a " + name +
+            "handler " + handlerLine + "but was not returned from it, " +
+            "see http://goo.gl/rRqMUw" +
+            creatorLine;
+        promise._warn(msg, true, promiseCreated);
+    }
+}
+
+function deprecated(name, replacement) {
+    var message = name +
+        " is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.";
+    if (replacement) message += " Use " + replacement + " instead.";
+    return warn(message);
+}
+
+function warn(message, shouldUseOwnTrace, promise) {
+    if (!config.warnings) return;
+    var warning = new Warning(message);
+    var ctx;
+    if (shouldUseOwnTrace) {
+        promise._attachExtraTrace(warning);
+    } else if (config.longStackTraces && (ctx = Promise._peekContext())) {
+        ctx.attachExtraTrace(warning);
+    } else {
+        var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(warning);
+        warning.stack = parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (!activeFireEvent("warning", warning)) {
+        formatAndLogError(warning, "", true);
+    }
+}
+
+function reconstructStack(message, stacks) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length - 1; ++i) {
+        stacks[i].push("From previous event:");
+        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
+    }
+    if (i < stacks.length) {
+        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
+    }
+    return message + "\n" + stacks.join("\n");
+}
+
+function removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
+        if (stacks[i].length === 0 ||
+            ((i + 1 < stacks.length) && stacks[i][0] === stacks[i+1][0])) {
+            stacks.splice(i, 1);
+            i--;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function removeCommonRoots(stacks) {
+    var current = stacks[0];
+    for (var i = 1; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
+        var prev = stacks[i];
+        var currentLastIndex = current.length - 1;
+        var currentLastLine = current[currentLastIndex];
+        var commonRootMeetPoint = -1;
+
+        for (var j = prev.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+            if (prev[j] === currentLastLine) {
+                commonRootMeetPoint = j;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (var j = commonRootMeetPoint; j >= 0; --j) {
+            var line = prev[j];
+            if (current[currentLastIndex] === line) {
+                current.pop();
+                currentLastIndex--;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        current = prev;
+    }
+}
+
+function cleanStack(stack) {
+    var ret = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
+        var line = stack[i];
+        var isTraceLine = "    (No stack trace)" === line ||
+            stackFramePattern.test(line);
+        var isInternalFrame = isTraceLine && shouldIgnore(line);
+        if (isTraceLine && !isInternalFrame) {
+            if (indentStackFrames && line.charAt(0) !== " ") {
+                line = "    " + line;
+            }
+            ret.push(line);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function stackFramesAsArray(error) {
+    var stack = error.stack.replace(/\s+$/g, "").split("\n");
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
+        var line = stack[i];
+        if ("    (No stack trace)" === line || stackFramePattern.test(line)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i > 0 && error.name != "SyntaxError") {
+        stack = stack.slice(i);
+    }
+    return stack;
+}
+
+function parseStackAndMessage(error) {
+    var stack = error.stack;
+    var message = error.toString();
+    stack = typeof stack === "string" && stack.length > 0
+                ? stackFramesAsArray(error) : ["    (No stack trace)"];
+    return {
+        message: message,
+        stack: error.name == "SyntaxError" ? stack : cleanStack(stack)
+    };
+}
+
+function formatAndLogError(error, title, isSoft) {
+    if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
+        var message;
+        if (util.isObject(error)) {
+            var stack = error.stack;
+            message = title + formatStack(stack, error);
+        } else {
+            message = title + String(error);
+        }
+        if (typeof printWarning === "function") {
+            printWarning(message, isSoft);
+        } else if (typeof console.log === "function" ||
+            typeof console.log === "object") {
+            console.log(message);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function fireRejectionEvent(name, localHandler, reason, promise) {
+    var localEventFired = false;
+    try {
+        if (typeof localHandler === "function") {
+            localEventFired = true;
+            if (name === "rejectionHandled") {
+                localHandler(promise);
+            } else {
+                localHandler(reason, promise);
+            }
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        async.throwLater(e);
+    }
+
+    if (name === "unhandledRejection") {
+        if (!activeFireEvent(name, reason, promise) && !localEventFired) {
+            formatAndLogError(reason, "Unhandled rejection ");
+        }
+    } else {
+        activeFireEvent(name, promise);
+    }
+}
+
+function formatNonError(obj) {
+    var str;
+    if (typeof obj === "function") {
+        str = "[function " +
+            (obj.name || "anonymous") +
+            "]";
+    } else {
+        str = obj && typeof obj.toString === "function"
+            ? obj.toString() : util.toString(obj);
+        var ruselessToString = /\[object [a-zA-Z0-9$_]+\]/;
+        if (ruselessToString.test(str)) {
+            try {
+                var newStr = JSON.stringify(obj);
+                str = newStr;
+            }
+            catch(e) {
+
+            }
+        }
+        if (str.length === 0) {
+            str = "(empty array)";
+        }
+    }
+    return ("(<" + snip(str) + ">, no stack trace)");
+}
+
+function snip(str) {
+    var maxChars = 41;
+    if (str.length < maxChars) {
+        return str;
+    }
+    return str.substr(0, maxChars - 3) + "...";
+}
+
+function longStackTracesIsSupported() {
+    return typeof captureStackTrace === "function";
+}
+
+var shouldIgnore = function() { return false; };
+var parseLineInfoRegex = /[\/<\(]([^:\/]+):(\d+):(?:\d+)\)?\s*$/;
+function parseLineInfo(line) {
+    var matches = line.match(parseLineInfoRegex);
+    if (matches) {
+        return {
+            fileName: matches[1],
+            line: parseInt(matches[2], 10)
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+function setBounds(firstLineError, lastLineError) {
+    if (!longStackTracesIsSupported()) return;
+    var firstStackLines = firstLineError.stack.split("\n");
+    var lastStackLines = lastLineError.stack.split("\n");
+    var firstIndex = -1;
+    var lastIndex = -1;
+    var firstFileName;
+    var lastFileName;
+    for (var i = 0; i < firstStackLines.length; ++i) {
+        var result = parseLineInfo(firstStackLines[i]);
+        if (result) {
+            firstFileName = result.fileName;
+            firstIndex = result.line;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < lastStackLines.length; ++i) {
+        var result = parseLineInfo(lastStackLines[i]);
+        if (result) {
+            lastFileName = result.fileName;
+            lastIndex = result.line;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (firstIndex < 0 || lastIndex < 0 || !firstFileName || !lastFileName ||
+        firstFileName !== lastFileName || firstIndex >= lastIndex) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    shouldIgnore = function(line) {
+        if (bluebirdFramePattern.test(line)) return true;
+        var info = parseLineInfo(line);
+        if (info) {
+            if (info.fileName === firstFileName &&
+                (firstIndex <= info.line && info.line <= lastIndex)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+}
+
+function CapturedTrace(parent) {
+    this._parent = parent;
+    this._promisesCreated = 0;
+    var length = this._length = 1 + (parent === undefined ? 0 : parent._length);
+    captureStackTrace(this, CapturedTrace);
+    if (length > 32) this.uncycle();
+}
+util.inherits(CapturedTrace, Error);
+Context.CapturedTrace = CapturedTrace;
+
+CapturedTrace.prototype.uncycle = function() {
+    var length = this._length;
+    if (length < 2) return;
+    var nodes = [];
+    var stackToIndex = {};
+
+    for (var i = 0, node = this; node !== undefined; ++i) {
+        nodes.push(node);
+        node = node._parent;
+    }
+    length = this._length = i;
+    for (var i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        var stack = nodes[i].stack;
+        if (stackToIndex[stack] === undefined) {
+            stackToIndex[stack] = i;
+        }
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        var currentStack = nodes[i].stack;
+        var index = stackToIndex[currentStack];
+        if (index !== undefined && index !== i) {
+            if (index > 0) {
+                nodes[index - 1]._parent = undefined;
+                nodes[index - 1]._length = 1;
+            }
+            nodes[i]._parent = undefined;
+            nodes[i]._length = 1;
+            var cycleEdgeNode = i > 0 ? nodes[i - 1] : this;
+
+            if (index < length - 1) {
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent = nodes[index + 1];
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent.uncycle();
+                cycleEdgeNode._length =
+                    cycleEdgeNode._parent._length + 1;
+            } else {
+                cycleEdgeNode._parent = undefined;
+                cycleEdgeNode._length = 1;
+            }
+            var currentChildLength = cycleEdgeNode._length + 1;
+            for (var j = i - 2; j >= 0; --j) {
+                nodes[j]._length = currentChildLength;
+                currentChildLength++;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+CapturedTrace.prototype.attachExtraTrace = function(error) {
+    if (error.__stackCleaned__) return;
+    this.uncycle();
+    var parsed = parseStackAndMessage(error);
+    var message = parsed.message;
+    var stacks = [parsed.stack];
+
+    var trace = this;
+    while (trace !== undefined) {
+        stacks.push(cleanStack(trace.stack.split("\n")));
+        trace = trace._parent;
+    }
+    removeCommonRoots(stacks);
+    removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks);
+    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "stack", reconstructStack(message, stacks));
+    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
+};
+
+var captureStackTrace = (function stackDetection() {
+    var v8stackFramePattern = /^\s*at\s*/;
+    var v8stackFormatter = function(stack, error) {
+        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;
+
+        if (error.name !== undefined &&
+            error.message !== undefined) {
+            return error.toString();
+        }
+        return formatNonError(error);
+    };
+
+    if (typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number" &&
+        typeof Error.captureStackTrace === "function") {
+        Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        var captureStackTrace = Error.captureStackTrace;
+
+        shouldIgnore = function(line) {
+            return bluebirdFramePattern.test(line);
+        };
+        return function(receiver, ignoreUntil) {
+            Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+            captureStackTrace(receiver, ignoreUntil);
+            Error.stackTraceLimit -= 6;
+        };
+    }
+    var err = new Error();
+
+    if (typeof err.stack === "string" &&
+        err.stack.split("\n")[0].indexOf("stackDetection@") >= 0) {
+        stackFramePattern = /@/;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        indentStackFrames = true;
+        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
+            o.stack = new Error().stack;
+        };
+    }
+
+    var hasStackAfterThrow;
+    try { throw new Error(); }
+    catch(e) {
+        hasStackAfterThrow = ("stack" in e);
+    }
+    if (!("stack" in err) && hasStackAfterThrow &&
+        typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number") {
+        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
+        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
+        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
+            Error.stackTraceLimit += 6;
+            try { throw new Error(); }
+            catch(e) { o.stack = e.stack; }
+            Error.stackTraceLimit -= 6;
+        };
+    }
+
+    formatStack = function(stack, error) {
+        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;
+
+        if ((typeof error === "object" ||
+            typeof error === "function") &&
+            error.name !== undefined &&
+            error.message !== undefined) {
+            return error.toString();
+        }
+        return formatNonError(error);
+    };
+
+    return null;
+
+})([]);
+
+if (typeof console !== "undefined" && typeof console.warn !== "undefined") {
+    printWarning = function (message) {
+        console.warn(message);
+    };
+    if (util.isNode && process.stderr.isTTY) {
+        printWarning = function(message, isSoft) {
+            var color = isSoft ? "\u001b[33m" : "\u001b[31m";
+            console.warn(color + message + "\u001b[0m\n");
+        };
+    } else if (!util.isNode && typeof (new Error().stack) === "string") {
+        printWarning = function(message, isSoft) {
+            console.warn("%c" + message,
+                        isSoft ? "color: darkorange" : "color: red");
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+var config = {
+    warnings: warnings,
+    longStackTraces: false,
+    cancellation: false,
+    monitoring: false
+};
+
+if (longStackTraces) Promise.longStackTraces();
+
+return {
+    longStackTraces: function() {
+        return config.longStackTraces;
+    },
+    warnings: function() {
+        return config.warnings;
+    },
+    cancellation: function() {
+        return config.cancellation;
+    },
+    monitoring: function() {
+        return config.monitoring;
+    },
+    propagateFromFunction: function() {
+        return propagateFromFunction;
+    },
+    boundValueFunction: function() {
+        return boundValueFunction;
+    },
+    checkForgottenReturns: checkForgottenReturns,
+    setBounds: setBounds,
+    warn: warn,
+    deprecated: deprecated,
+    CapturedTrace: CapturedTrace,
+    fireDomEvent: fireDomEvent,
+    fireGlobalEvent: fireGlobalEvent
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/direct_resolve.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/direct_resolve.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a89029826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/direct_resolve.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+function returner() {
+    return this.value;
+}
+function thrower() {
+    throw this.reason;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype["return"] =
+Promise.prototype.thenReturn = function (value) {
+    if (value instanceof Promise) value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+    return this._then(
+        returner, undefined, undefined, {value: value}, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype["throw"] =
+Promise.prototype.thenThrow = function (reason) {
+    return this._then(
+        thrower, undefined, undefined, {reason: reason}, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.catchThrow = function (reason) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+        return this._then(
+            undefined, thrower, undefined, {reason: reason}, undefined);
+    } else {
+        var _reason = arguments[1];
+        var handler = function() {throw _reason;};
+        return this.caught(reason, handler);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.catchReturn = function (value) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+        if (value instanceof Promise) value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+        return this._then(
+            undefined, returner, undefined, {value: value}, undefined);
+    } else {
+        var _value = arguments[1];
+        if (_value instanceof Promise) _value.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+        var handler = function() {return _value;};
+        return this.caught(value, handler);
+    }
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/each.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/each.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4f3d05ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/each.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var PromiseReduce = Promise.reduce;
+var PromiseAll = Promise.all;
+
+function promiseAllThis() {
+    return PromiseAll(this);
+}
+
+function PromiseMapSeries(promises, fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(promises, fn, INTERNAL, INTERNAL);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.each = function (fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(this, fn, INTERNAL, 0)
+              ._then(promiseAllThis, undefined, undefined, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.mapSeries = function (fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(this, fn, INTERNAL, INTERNAL);
+};
+
+Promise.each = function (promises, fn) {
+    return PromiseReduce(promises, fn, INTERNAL, 0)
+              ._then(promiseAllThis, undefined, undefined, promises, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.mapSeries = PromiseMapSeries;
+};
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/errors.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/errors.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f62f323eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/errors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"use strict";
+var es5 = require("./es5");
+var Objectfreeze = es5.freeze;
+var util = require("./util");
+var inherits = util.inherits;
+var notEnumerableProp = util.notEnumerableProp;
+
+function subError(nameProperty, defaultMessage) {
+    function SubError(message) {
+        if (!(this instanceof SubError)) return new SubError(message);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "message",
+            typeof message === "string" ? message : defaultMessage);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "name", nameProperty);
+        if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+            Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+        } else {
+            Error.call(this);
+        }
+    }
+    inherits(SubError, Error);
+    return SubError;
+}
+
+var _TypeError, _RangeError;
+var Warning = subError("Warning", "warning");
+var CancellationError = subError("CancellationError", "cancellation error");
+var TimeoutError = subError("TimeoutError", "timeout error");
+var AggregateError = subError("AggregateError", "aggregate error");
+try {
+    _TypeError = TypeError;
+    _RangeError = RangeError;
+} catch(e) {
+    _TypeError = subError("TypeError", "type error");
+    _RangeError = subError("RangeError", "range error");
+}
+
+var methods = ("join pop push shift unshift slice filter forEach some " +
+    "every map indexOf lastIndexOf reduce reduceRight sort reverse").split(" ");
+
+for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; ++i) {
+    if (typeof Array.prototype[methods[i]] === "function") {
+        AggregateError.prototype[methods[i]] = Array.prototype[methods[i]];
+    }
+}
+
+es5.defineProperty(AggregateError.prototype, "length", {
+    value: 0,
+    configurable: false,
+    writable: true,
+    enumerable: true
+});
+AggregateError.prototype["isOperational"] = true;
+var level = 0;
+AggregateError.prototype.toString = function() {
+    var indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
+    var ret = "\n" + indent + "AggregateError of:" + "\n";
+    level++;
+    indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
+        var str = this[i] === this ? "[Circular AggregateError]" : this[i] + "";
+        var lines = str.split("\n");
+        for (var j = 0; j < lines.length; ++j) {
+            lines[j] = indent + lines[j];
+        }
+        str = lines.join("\n");
+        ret += str + "\n";
+    }
+    level--;
+    return ret;
+};
+
+function OperationalError(message) {
+    if (!(this instanceof OperationalError))
+        return new OperationalError(message);
+    notEnumerableProp(this, "name", "OperationalError");
+    notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message);
+    this.cause = message;
+    this["isOperational"] = true;
+
+    if (message instanceof Error) {
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message.message);
+        notEnumerableProp(this, "stack", message.stack);
+    } else if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+    }
+
+}
+inherits(OperationalError, Error);
+
+var errorTypes = Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"];
+if (!errorTypes) {
+    errorTypes = Objectfreeze({
+        CancellationError: CancellationError,
+        TimeoutError: TimeoutError,
+        OperationalError: OperationalError,
+        RejectionError: OperationalError,
+        AggregateError: AggregateError
+    });
+    es5.defineProperty(Error, "__BluebirdErrorTypes__", {
+        value: errorTypes,
+        writable: false,
+        enumerable: false,
+        configurable: false
+    });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+    Error: Error,
+    TypeError: _TypeError,
+    RangeError: _RangeError,
+    CancellationError: errorTypes.CancellationError,
+    OperationalError: errorTypes.OperationalError,
+    TimeoutError: errorTypes.TimeoutError,
+    AggregateError: errorTypes.AggregateError,
+    Warning: Warning
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/es5.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/es5.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea41d5a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/es5.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+var isES5 = (function(){
+    "use strict";
+    return this === undefined;
+})();
+
+if (isES5) {
+    module.exports = {
+        freeze: Object.freeze,
+        defineProperty: Object.defineProperty,
+        getDescriptor: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+        keys: Object.keys,
+        names: Object.getOwnPropertyNames,
+        getPrototypeOf: Object.getPrototypeOf,
+        isArray: Array.isArray,
+        isES5: isES5,
+        propertyIsWritable: function(obj, prop) {
+            var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop);
+            return !!(!descriptor || descriptor.writable || descriptor.set);
+        }
+    };
+} else {
+    var has = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+    var str = {}.toString;
+    var proto = {}.constructor.prototype;
+
+    var ObjectKeys = function (o) {
+        var ret = [];
+        for (var key in o) {
+            if (has.call(o, key)) {
+                ret.push(key);
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectGetDescriptor = function(o, key) {
+        return {value: o[key]};
+    };
+
+    var ObjectDefineProperty = function (o, key, desc) {
+        o[key] = desc.value;
+        return o;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectFreeze = function (obj) {
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    var ObjectGetPrototypeOf = function (obj) {
+        try {
+            return Object(obj).constructor.prototype;
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return proto;
+        }
+    };
+
+    var ArrayIsArray = function (obj) {
+        try {
+            return str.call(obj) === "[object Array]";
+        }
+        catch(e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    module.exports = {
+        isArray: ArrayIsArray,
+        keys: ObjectKeys,
+        names: ObjectKeys,
+        defineProperty: ObjectDefineProperty,
+        getDescriptor: ObjectGetDescriptor,
+        freeze: ObjectFreeze,
+        getPrototypeOf: ObjectGetPrototypeOf,
+        isES5: isES5,
+        propertyIsWritable: function() {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/filter.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/filter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed57bf015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/filter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var PromiseMap = Promise.map;
+
+Promise.prototype.filter = function (fn, options) {
+    return PromiseMap(this, fn, options, INTERNAL);
+};
+
+Promise.filter = function (promises, fn, options) {
+    return PromiseMap(promises, fn, options, INTERNAL);
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/finally.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/finally.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d57444bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/finally.js
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, tryConvertToPromise, NEXT_FILTER) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var CancellationError = Promise.CancellationError;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var catchFilter = require("./catch_filter")(NEXT_FILTER);
+
+function PassThroughHandlerContext(promise, type, handler) {
+    this.promise = promise;
+    this.type = type;
+    this.handler = handler;
+    this.called = false;
+    this.cancelPromise = null;
+}
+
+PassThroughHandlerContext.prototype.isFinallyHandler = function() {
+    return this.type === 0;
+};
+
+function FinallyHandlerCancelReaction(finallyHandler) {
+    this.finallyHandler = finallyHandler;
+}
+
+FinallyHandlerCancelReaction.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    checkCancel(this.finallyHandler);
+};
+
+function checkCancel(ctx, reason) {
+    if (ctx.cancelPromise != null) {
+        if (arguments.length > 1) {
+            ctx.cancelPromise._reject(reason);
+        } else {
+            ctx.cancelPromise._cancel();
+        }
+        ctx.cancelPromise = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+function succeed() {
+    return finallyHandler.call(this, this.promise._target()._settledValue());
+}
+function fail(reason) {
+    if (checkCancel(this, reason)) return;
+    errorObj.e = reason;
+    return errorObj;
+}
+function finallyHandler(reasonOrValue) {
+    var promise = this.promise;
+    var handler = this.handler;
+
+    if (!this.called) {
+        this.called = true;
+        var ret = this.isFinallyHandler()
+            ? handler.call(promise._boundValue())
+            : handler.call(promise._boundValue(), reasonOrValue);
+        if (ret === NEXT_FILTER) {
+            return ret;
+        } else if (ret !== undefined) {
+            promise._setReturnedNonUndefined();
+            var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, promise);
+            if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                if (this.cancelPromise != null) {
+                    if (maybePromise._isCancelled()) {
+                        var reason =
+                            new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+                        promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+                        errorObj.e = reason;
+                        return errorObj;
+                    } else if (maybePromise.isPending()) {
+                        maybePromise._attachCancellationCallback(
+                            new FinallyHandlerCancelReaction(this));
+                    }
+                }
+                return maybePromise._then(
+                    succeed, fail, undefined, this, undefined);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (promise.isRejected()) {
+        checkCancel(this);
+        errorObj.e = reasonOrValue;
+        return errorObj;
+    } else {
+        checkCancel(this);
+        return reasonOrValue;
+    }
+}
+
+Promise.prototype._passThrough = function(handler, type, success, fail) {
+    if (typeof handler !== "function") return this.then();
+    return this._then(success,
+                      fail,
+                      undefined,
+                      new PassThroughHandlerContext(this, type, handler),
+                      undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.lastly =
+Promise.prototype["finally"] = function (handler) {
+    return this._passThrough(handler,
+                             0,
+                             finallyHandler,
+                             finallyHandler);
+};
+
+
+Promise.prototype.tap = function (handler) {
+    return this._passThrough(handler, 1, finallyHandler);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.tapCatch = function (handlerOrPredicate) {
+    var len = arguments.length;
+    if(len === 1) {
+        return this._passThrough(handlerOrPredicate,
+                                 1,
+                                 undefined,
+                                 finallyHandler);
+    } else {
+         var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
+            j = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (util.isObject(item)) {
+                catchInstances[j++] = item;
+            } else {
+                return Promise.reject(new TypeError(
+                    "tapCatch statement predicate: "
+                    + "expecting an object but got " + util.classString(item)
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        catchInstances.length = j;
+        var handler = arguments[i];
+        return this._passThrough(catchFilter(catchInstances, handler, this),
+                                 1,
+                                 undefined,
+                                 finallyHandler);
+    }
+
+};
+
+return PassThroughHandlerContext;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/generators.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/generators.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..500c280c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/generators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise,
+                          apiRejection,
+                          INTERNAL,
+                          tryConvertToPromise,
+                          Proxyable,
+                          debug) {
+var errors = require("./errors");
+var TypeError = errors.TypeError;
+var util = require("./util");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var yieldHandlers = [];
+
+function promiseFromYieldHandler(value, yieldHandlers, traceParent) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < yieldHandlers.length; ++i) {
+        traceParent._pushContext();
+        var result = tryCatch(yieldHandlers[i])(value);
+        traceParent._popContext();
+        if (result === errorObj) {
+            traceParent._pushContext();
+            var ret = Promise.reject(errorObj.e);
+            traceParent._popContext();
+            return ret;
+        }
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(result, traceParent);
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) return maybePromise;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+function PromiseSpawn(generatorFunction, receiver, yieldHandler, stack) {
+    if (debug.cancellation()) {
+        var internal = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        var _finallyPromise = this._finallyPromise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        this._promise = internal.lastly(function() {
+            return _finallyPromise;
+        });
+        internal._captureStackTrace();
+        internal._setOnCancel(this);
+    } else {
+        var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+    }
+    this._stack = stack;
+    this._generatorFunction = generatorFunction;
+    this._receiver = receiver;
+    this._generator = undefined;
+    this._yieldHandlers = typeof yieldHandler === "function"
+        ? [yieldHandler].concat(yieldHandlers)
+        : yieldHandlers;
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._cancellationPhase = false;
+}
+util.inherits(PromiseSpawn, Proxyable);
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._isResolved = function() {
+    return this._promise === null;
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._cleanup = function() {
+    this._promise = this._generator = null;
+    if (debug.cancellation() && this._finallyPromise !== null) {
+        this._finallyPromise._fulfill();
+        this._finallyPromise = null;
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._promiseCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    var implementsReturn = typeof this._generator["return"] !== "undefined";
+
+    var result;
+    if (!implementsReturn) {
+        var reason = new Promise.CancellationError(
+            "generator .return() sentinel");
+        Promise.coroutine.returnSentinel = reason;
+        this._promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+        this._promise._pushContext();
+        result = tryCatch(this._generator["throw"]).call(this._generator,
+                                                         reason);
+        this._promise._popContext();
+    } else {
+        this._promise._pushContext();
+        result = tryCatch(this._generator["return"]).call(this._generator,
+                                                          undefined);
+        this._promise._popContext();
+    }
+    this._cancellationPhase = true;
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._continue(result);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function(value) {
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._promise._pushContext();
+    var result = tryCatch(this._generator.next).call(this._generator, value);
+    this._promise._popContext();
+    this._continue(result);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._promiseRejected = function(reason) {
+    this._yieldedPromise = null;
+    this._promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+    this._promise._pushContext();
+    var result = tryCatch(this._generator["throw"])
+        .call(this._generator, reason);
+    this._promise._popContext();
+    this._continue(result);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._yieldedPromise instanceof Promise) {
+        var promise = this._yieldedPromise;
+        this._yieldedPromise = null;
+        promise.cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype.promise = function () {
+    return this._promise;
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._run = function () {
+    this._generator = this._generatorFunction.call(this._receiver);
+    this._receiver =
+        this._generatorFunction = undefined;
+    this._promiseFulfilled(undefined);
+};
+
+PromiseSpawn.prototype._continue = function (result) {
+    var promise = this._promise;
+    if (result === errorObj) {
+        this._cleanup();
+        if (this._cancellationPhase) {
+            return promise.cancel();
+        } else {
+            return promise._rejectCallback(result.e, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    var value = result.value;
+    if (result.done === true) {
+        this._cleanup();
+        if (this._cancellationPhase) {
+            return promise.cancel();
+        } else {
+            return promise._resolveCallback(value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this._promise);
+        if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) {
+            maybePromise =
+                promiseFromYieldHandler(maybePromise,
+                                        this._yieldHandlers,
+                                        this._promise);
+            if (maybePromise === null) {
+                this._promiseRejected(
+                    new TypeError(
+                        "A value %s was yielded that could not be treated as a promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a\u000a".replace("%s", String(value)) +
+                        "From coroutine:\u000a" +
+                        this._stack.split("\n").slice(1, -7).join("\n")
+                    )
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+        var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+        ;
+        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+            this._yieldedPromise = maybePromise;
+            maybePromise._proxy(this, null);
+        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            Promise._async.invoke(
+                this._promiseFulfilled, this, maybePromise._value()
+            );
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            Promise._async.invoke(
+                this._promiseRejected, this, maybePromise._reason()
+            );
+        } else {
+            this._promiseCancelled();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.coroutine = function (generatorFunction, options) {
+    if (typeof generatorFunction !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("generatorFunction must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    var yieldHandler = Object(options).yieldHandler;
+    var PromiseSpawn$ = PromiseSpawn;
+    var stack = new Error().stack;
+    return function () {
+        var generator = generatorFunction.apply(this, arguments);
+        var spawn = new PromiseSpawn$(undefined, undefined, yieldHandler,
+                                      stack);
+        var ret = spawn.promise();
+        spawn._generator = generator;
+        spawn._promiseFulfilled(undefined);
+        return ret;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.coroutine.addYieldHandler = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    yieldHandlers.push(fn);
+};
+
+Promise.spawn = function (generatorFunction) {
+    debug.deprecated("Promise.spawn()", "Promise.coroutine()");
+    if (typeof generatorFunction !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("generatorFunction must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    var spawn = new PromiseSpawn(generatorFunction, this);
+    var ret = spawn.promise();
+    spawn._run(Promise.spawn);
+    return ret;
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/join.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/join.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4945e3f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/join.js
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, async,
+         getDomain) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var reject;
+
+if (!false) {
+if (canEvaluate) {
+    var thenCallback = function(i) {
+        return new Function("value", "holder", "                             \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            holder.pIndex = value;                                           \n\
+            holder.checkFulfillment(this);                                   \n\
+            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
+    };
+
+    var promiseSetter = function(i) {
+        return new Function("promise", "holder", "                           \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            holder.pIndex = promise;                                         \n\
+            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
+    };
+
+    var generateHolderClass = function(total) {
+        var props = new Array(total);
+        for (var i = 0; i < props.length; ++i) {
+            props[i] = "this.p" + (i+1);
+        }
+        var assignment = props.join(" = ") + " = null;";
+        var cancellationCode= "var promise;\n" + props.map(function(prop) {
+            return "                                                         \n\
+                promise = " + prop + ";                                      \n\
+                if (promise instanceof Promise) {                            \n\
+                    promise.cancel();                                        \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            ";
+        }).join("\n");
+        var passedArguments = props.join(", ");
+        var name = "Holder$" + total;
+
+
+        var code = "return function(tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async) {    \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            function [TheName](fn) {                                         \n\
+                [TheProperties]                                              \n\
+                this.fn = fn;                                                \n\
+                this.asyncNeeded = true;                                     \n\
+                this.now = 0;                                                \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype._callFunction = function(promise) {          \n\
+                promise._pushContext();                                      \n\
+                var ret = tryCatch(this.fn)([ThePassedArguments]);           \n\
+                promise._popContext();                                       \n\
+                if (ret === errorObj) {                                      \n\
+                    promise._rejectCallback(ret.e, false);                   \n\
+                } else {                                                     \n\
+                    promise._resolveCallback(ret);                           \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype.checkFulfillment = function(promise) {       \n\
+                var now = ++this.now;                                        \n\
+                if (now === [TheTotal]) {                                    \n\
+                    if (this.asyncNeeded) {                                  \n\
+                        async.invoke(this._callFunction, this, promise);     \n\
+                    } else {                                                 \n\
+                        this._callFunction(promise);                         \n\
+                    }                                                        \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+                }                                                            \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            [TheName].prototype._resultCancelled = function() {              \n\
+                [CancellationCode]                                           \n\
+            };                                                               \n\
+                                                                             \n\
+            return [TheName];                                                \n\
+        }(tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async);                               \n\
+        ";
+
+        code = code.replace(/\[TheName\]/g, name)
+            .replace(/\[TheTotal\]/g, total)
+            .replace(/\[ThePassedArguments\]/g, passedArguments)
+            .replace(/\[TheProperties\]/g, assignment)
+            .replace(/\[CancellationCode\]/g, cancellationCode);
+
+        return new Function("tryCatch", "errorObj", "Promise", "async", code)
+                           (tryCatch, errorObj, Promise, async);
+    };
+
+    var holderClasses = [];
+    var thenCallbacks = [];
+    var promiseSetters = [];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+        holderClasses.push(generateHolderClass(i + 1));
+        thenCallbacks.push(thenCallback(i + 1));
+        promiseSetters.push(promiseSetter(i + 1));
+    }
+
+    reject = function (reason) {
+        this._reject(reason);
+    };
+}}
+
+Promise.join = function () {
+    var last = arguments.length - 1;
+    var fn;
+    if (last > 0 && typeof arguments[last] === "function") {
+        fn = arguments[last];
+        if (!false) {
+            if (last <= 8 && canEvaluate) {
+                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+                ret._captureStackTrace();
+                var HolderClass = holderClasses[last - 1];
+                var holder = new HolderClass(fn);
+                var callbacks = thenCallbacks;
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < last; ++i) {
+                    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(arguments[i], ret);
+                    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+                        var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+                        ;
+                        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                            maybePromise._then(callbacks[i], reject,
+                                               undefined, ret, holder);
+                            promiseSetters[i](maybePromise, holder);
+                            holder.asyncNeeded = false;
+                        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                            callbacks[i].call(ret,
+                                              maybePromise._value(), holder);
+                        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                            ret._reject(maybePromise._reason());
+                        } else {
+                            ret._cancel();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        callbacks[i].call(ret, maybePromise, holder);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!ret._isFateSealed()) {
+                    if (holder.asyncNeeded) {
+                        var domain = getDomain();
+                        if (domain !== null) {
+                            holder.fn = util.domainBind(domain, holder.fn);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+                    ret._setOnCancel(holder);
+                }
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array($_len); for(var $_i = 0; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i] = arguments[$_i];};
+    if (fn) args.pop();
+    var ret = new PromiseArray(args).promise();
+    return fn !== undefined ? ret.spread(fn) : ret;
+};
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/map.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..976f15ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise,
+                          PromiseArray,
+                          apiRejection,
+                          tryConvertToPromise,
+                          INTERNAL,
+                          debug) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var util = require("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var async = Promise._async;
+
+function MappingPromiseArray(promises, fn, limit, _filter) {
+    this.constructor$(promises);
+    this._promise._captureStackTrace();
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    this._callback = domain === null ? fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn);
+    this._preservedValues = _filter === INTERNAL
+        ? new Array(this.length())
+        : null;
+    this._limit = limit;
+    this._inFlight = 0;
+    this._queue = [];
+    async.invoke(this._asyncInit, this, undefined);
+}
+util.inherits(MappingPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._asyncInit = function() {
+    this._init$(undefined, -2);
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    var values = this._values;
+    var length = this.length();
+    var preservedValues = this._preservedValues;
+    var limit = this._limit;
+
+    if (index < 0) {
+        index = (index * -1) - 1;
+        values[index] = value;
+        if (limit >= 1) {
+            this._inFlight--;
+            this._drainQueue();
+            if (this._isResolved()) return true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (limit >= 1 && this._inFlight >= limit) {
+            values[index] = value;
+            this._queue.push(index);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (preservedValues !== null) preservedValues[index] = value;
+
+        var promise = this._promise;
+        var callback = this._callback;
+        var receiver = promise._boundValue();
+        promise._pushContext();
+        var ret = tryCatch(callback).call(receiver, value, index, length);
+        var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+            ret,
+            promiseCreated,
+            preservedValues !== null ? "Promise.filter" : "Promise.map",
+            promise
+        );
+        if (ret === errorObj) {
+            this._reject(ret.e);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, this._promise);
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+            var bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+            ;
+            if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                if (limit >= 1) this._inFlight++;
+                values[index] = maybePromise;
+                maybePromise._proxy(this, (index + 1) * -1);
+                return false;
+            } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                ret = maybePromise._value();
+            } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                this._reject(maybePromise._reason());
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                this._cancel();
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        values[index] = ret;
+    }
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= length) {
+        if (preservedValues !== null) {
+            this._filter(values, preservedValues);
+        } else {
+            this._resolve(values);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._drainQueue = function () {
+    var queue = this._queue;
+    var limit = this._limit;
+    var values = this._values;
+    while (queue.length > 0 && this._inFlight < limit) {
+        if (this._isResolved()) return;
+        var index = queue.pop();
+        this._promiseFulfilled(values[index], index);
+    }
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype._filter = function (booleans, values) {
+    var len = values.length;
+    var ret = new Array(len);
+    var j = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        if (booleans[i]) ret[j++] = values[i];
+    }
+    ret.length = j;
+    this._resolve(ret);
+};
+
+MappingPromiseArray.prototype.preservedValues = function () {
+    return this._preservedValues;
+};
+
+function map(promises, fn, options, _filter) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+
+    var limit = 0;
+    if (options !== undefined) {
+        if (typeof options === "object" && options !== null) {
+            if (typeof options.concurrency !== "number") {
+                return Promise.reject(
+                    new TypeError("'concurrency' must be a number but it is " +
+                                    util.classString(options.concurrency)));
+            }
+            limit = options.concurrency;
+        } else {
+            return Promise.reject(new TypeError(
+                            "options argument must be an object but it is " +
+                             util.classString(options)));
+        }
+    }
+    limit = typeof limit === "number" &&
+        isFinite(limit) && limit >= 1 ? limit : 0;
+    return new MappingPromiseArray(promises, fn, limit, _filter).promise();
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.map = function (fn, options) {
+    return map(this, fn, options, null);
+};
+
+Promise.map = function (promises, fn, options, _filter) {
+    return map(promises, fn, options, _filter);
+};
+
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/method.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/method.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce9e4db7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/method.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection, debug) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+
+Promise.method = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new Promise.TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return function () {
+        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+        ret._pushContext();
+        var value = tryCatch(fn).apply(this, arguments);
+        var promiseCreated = ret._popContext();
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+            value, promiseCreated, "Promise.method", ret);
+        ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
+        return ret;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.attempt = Promise["try"] = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    ret._pushContext();
+    var value;
+    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+        debug.deprecated("calling Promise.try with more than 1 argument");
+        var arg = arguments[1];
+        var ctx = arguments[2];
+        value = util.isArray(arg) ? tryCatch(fn).apply(ctx, arg)
+                                  : tryCatch(fn).call(ctx, arg);
+    } else {
+        value = tryCatch(fn)();
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = ret._popContext();
+    debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+        value, promiseCreated, "Promise.try", ret);
+    ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveFromSyncValue = function (value) {
+    if (value === util.errorObj) {
+        this._rejectCallback(value.e, false);
+    } else {
+        this._resolveCallback(value, true);
+    }
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/nodeback.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/nodeback.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71e69ebdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/nodeback.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"use strict";
+var util = require("./util");
+var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
+var errors = require("./errors");
+var OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
+var es5 = require("./es5");
+
+function isUntypedError(obj) {
+    return obj instanceof Error &&
+        es5.getPrototypeOf(obj) === Error.prototype;
+}
+
+var rErrorKey = /^(?:name|message|stack|cause)$/;
+function wrapAsOperationalError(obj) {
+    var ret;
+    if (isUntypedError(obj)) {
+        ret = new OperationalError(obj);
+        ret.name = obj.name;
+        ret.message = obj.message;
+        ret.stack = obj.stack;
+        var keys = es5.keys(obj);
+        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+            var key = keys[i];
+            if (!rErrorKey.test(key)) {
+                ret[key] = obj[key];
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function nodebackForPromise(promise, multiArgs) {
+    return function(err, value) {
+        if (promise === null) return;
+        if (err) {
+            var wrapped = wrapAsOperationalError(maybeWrapAsError(err));
+            promise._attachExtraTrace(wrapped);
+            promise._reject(wrapped);
+        } else if (!multiArgs) {
+            promise._fulfill(value);
+        } else {
+            var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array(Math.max($_len - 1, 0)); for(var $_i = 1; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i - 1] = arguments[$_i];};
+            promise._fulfill(args);
+        }
+        promise = null;
+    };
+}
+
+module.exports = nodebackForPromise;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/nodeify.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/nodeify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce2b19004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/nodeify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var async = Promise._async;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+
+function spreadAdapter(val, nodeback) {
+    var promise = this;
+    if (!util.isArray(val)) return successAdapter.call(promise, val, nodeback);
+    var ret =
+        tryCatch(nodeback).apply(promise._boundValue(), [null].concat(val));
+    if (ret === errorObj) {
+        async.throwLater(ret.e);
+    }
+}
+
+function successAdapter(val, nodeback) {
+    var promise = this;
+    var receiver = promise._boundValue();
+    var ret = val === undefined
+        ? tryCatch(nodeback).call(receiver, null)
+        : tryCatch(nodeback).call(receiver, null, val);
+    if (ret === errorObj) {
+        async.throwLater(ret.e);
+    }
+}
+function errorAdapter(reason, nodeback) {
+    var promise = this;
+    if (!reason) {
+        var newReason = new Error(reason + "");
+        newReason.cause = reason;
+        reason = newReason;
+    }
+    var ret = tryCatch(nodeback).call(promise._boundValue(), reason);
+    if (ret === errorObj) {
+        async.throwLater(ret.e);
+    }
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.asCallback = Promise.prototype.nodeify = function (nodeback,
+                                                                     options) {
+    if (typeof nodeback == "function") {
+        var adapter = successAdapter;
+        if (options !== undefined && Object(options).spread) {
+            adapter = spreadAdapter;
+        }
+        this._then(
+            adapter,
+            errorAdapter,
+            undefined,
+            this,
+            nodeback
+        );
+    }
+    return this;
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4a641c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function() {
+var makeSelfResolutionError = function () {
+    return new TypeError("circular promise resolution chain\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+};
+var reflectHandler = function() {
+    return new Promise.PromiseInspection(this._target());
+};
+var apiRejection = function(msg) {
+    return Promise.reject(new TypeError(msg));
+};
+function Proxyable() {}
+var UNDEFINED_BINDING = {};
+var util = require("./util");
+
+var getDomain;
+if (util.isNode) {
+    getDomain = function() {
+        var ret = process.domain;
+        if (ret === undefined) ret = null;
+        return ret;
+    };
+} else {
+    getDomain = function() {
+        return null;
+    };
+}
+util.notEnumerableProp(Promise, "_getDomain", getDomain);
+
+var es5 = require("./es5");
+var Async = require("./async");
+var async = new Async();
+es5.defineProperty(Promise, "_async", {value: async});
+var errors = require("./errors");
+var TypeError = Promise.TypeError = errors.TypeError;
+Promise.RangeError = errors.RangeError;
+var CancellationError = Promise.CancellationError = errors.CancellationError;
+Promise.TimeoutError = errors.TimeoutError;
+Promise.OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
+Promise.RejectionError = errors.OperationalError;
+Promise.AggregateError = errors.AggregateError;
+var INTERNAL = function(){};
+var APPLY = {};
+var NEXT_FILTER = {};
+var tryConvertToPromise = require("./thenables")(Promise, INTERNAL);
+var PromiseArray =
+    require("./promise_array")(Promise, INTERNAL,
+                               tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection, Proxyable);
+var Context = require("./context")(Promise);
+ /*jshint unused:false*/
+var createContext = Context.create;
+var debug = require("./debuggability")(Promise, Context);
+var CapturedTrace = debug.CapturedTrace;
+var PassThroughHandlerContext =
+    require("./finally")(Promise, tryConvertToPromise, NEXT_FILTER);
+var catchFilter = require("./catch_filter")(NEXT_FILTER);
+var nodebackForPromise = require("./nodeback");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+function check(self, executor) {
+    if (self == null || self.constructor !== Promise) {
+        throw new TypeError("the promise constructor cannot be invoked directly\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    if (typeof executor !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(executor));
+    }
+
+}
+
+function Promise(executor) {
+    if (executor !== INTERNAL) {
+        check(this, executor);
+    }
+    this._bitField = 0;
+    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = undefined;
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = undefined;
+    this._promise0 = undefined;
+    this._receiver0 = undefined;
+    this._resolveFromExecutor(executor);
+    this._promiseCreated();
+    this._fireEvent("promiseCreated", this);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return "[object Promise]";
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.caught = Promise.prototype["catch"] = function (fn) {
+    var len = arguments.length;
+    if (len > 1) {
+        var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
+            j = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (util.isObject(item)) {
+                catchInstances[j++] = item;
+            } else {
+                return apiRejection("Catch statement predicate: " +
+                    "expecting an object but got " + util.classString(item));
+            }
+        }
+        catchInstances.length = j;
+        fn = arguments[i];
+        return this.then(undefined, catchFilter(catchInstances, fn, this));
+    }
+    return this.then(undefined, fn);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reflect = function () {
+    return this._then(reflectHandler,
+        reflectHandler, undefined, this, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.then = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
+    if (debug.warnings() && arguments.length > 0 &&
+        typeof didFulfill !== "function" &&
+        typeof didReject !== "function") {
+        var msg = ".then() only accepts functions but was passed: " +
+                util.classString(didFulfill);
+        if (arguments.length > 1) {
+            msg += ", " + util.classString(didReject);
+        }
+        this._warn(msg);
+    }
+    return this._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.done = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
+    var promise =
+        this._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+    promise._setIsFinal();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.spread = function (fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return this.all()._then(fn, undefined, undefined, APPLY, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+    var ret = {
+        isFulfilled: false,
+        isRejected: false,
+        fulfillmentValue: undefined,
+        rejectionReason: undefined
+    };
+    if (this.isFulfilled()) {
+        ret.fulfillmentValue = this.value();
+        ret.isFulfilled = true;
+    } else if (this.isRejected()) {
+        ret.rejectionReason = this.reason();
+        ret.isRejected = true;
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.all = function () {
+    if (arguments.length > 0) {
+        this._warn(".all() was passed arguments but it does not take any");
+    }
+    return new PromiseArray(this).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.error = function (fn) {
+    return this.caught(util.originatesFromRejection, fn);
+};
+
+Promise.getNewLibraryCopy = module.exports;
+
+Promise.is = function (val) {
+    return val instanceof Promise;
+};
+
+Promise.fromNode = Promise.fromCallback = function(fn) {
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    var multiArgs = arguments.length > 1 ? !!Object(arguments[1]).multiArgs
+                                         : false;
+    var result = tryCatch(fn)(nodebackForPromise(ret, multiArgs));
+    if (result === errorObj) {
+        ret._rejectCallback(result.e, true);
+    }
+    if (!ret._isFateSealed()) ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.all = function (promises) {
+    return new PromiseArray(promises).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.cast = function (obj) {
+    var ret = tryConvertToPromise(obj);
+    if (!(ret instanceof Promise)) {
+        ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+        ret._setFulfilled();
+        ret._rejectionHandler0 = obj;
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.resolve = Promise.fulfilled = Promise.cast;
+
+Promise.reject = Promise.rejected = function (reason) {
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    ret._captureStackTrace();
+    ret._rejectCallback(reason, true);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.setScheduler = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    return async.setScheduler(fn);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._then = function (
+    didFulfill,
+    didReject,
+    _,    receiver,
+    internalData
+) {
+    var haveInternalData = internalData !== undefined;
+    var promise = haveInternalData ? internalData : new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    var target = this._target();
+    var bitField = target._bitField;
+
+    if (!haveInternalData) {
+        promise._propagateFrom(this, 3);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+        if (receiver === undefined &&
+            ((this._bitField & 2097152) !== 0)) {
+            if (!((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                receiver = this._boundValue();
+            } else {
+                receiver = target === this ? undefined : this._boundTo;
+            }
+        }
+        this._fireEvent("promiseChained", this, promise);
+    }
+
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    if (!((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        var handler, value, settler = target._settlePromiseCtx;
+        if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            value = target._rejectionHandler0;
+            handler = didFulfill;
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            value = target._fulfillmentHandler0;
+            handler = didReject;
+            target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+        } else {
+            settler = target._settlePromiseLateCancellationObserver;
+            value = new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+            target._attachExtraTrace(value);
+            handler = didReject;
+        }
+
+        async.invoke(settler, target, {
+            handler: domain === null ? handler
+                : (typeof handler === "function" &&
+                    util.domainBind(domain, handler)),
+            promise: promise,
+            receiver: receiver,
+            value: value
+        });
+    } else {
+        target._addCallbacks(didFulfill, didReject, promise, receiver, domain);
+    }
+
+    return promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._length = function () {
+    return this._bitField & 65535;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFateSealed = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 117506048) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFollowing = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 67108864) === 67108864;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setLength = function (len) {
+    this._bitField = (this._bitField & -65536) |
+        (len & 65535);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFulfilled = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 33554432;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseFulfilled", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setRejected = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 16777216;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseRejected", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFollowing = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 67108864;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseResolved", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setIsFinal = function () {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 4194304;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isFinal = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 4194304) > 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._unsetCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~65536);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 65536;
+    this._fireEvent("promiseCancelled", this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setWillBeCancelled = function() {
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 8388608;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setAsyncGuaranteed = function() {
+    if (async.hasCustomScheduler()) return;
+    this._bitField = this._bitField | 134217728;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._receiverAt = function (index) {
+    var ret = index === 0 ? this._receiver0 : this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 3];
+    if (ret === UNDEFINED_BINDING) {
+        return undefined;
+    } else if (ret === undefined && this._isBound()) {
+        return this._boundValue();
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._promiseAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 2];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfillmentHandlerAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 0];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectionHandlerAt = function (index) {
+    return this[
+            index * 4 - 4 + 1];
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._boundValue = function() {};
+
+Promise.prototype._migrateCallback0 = function (follower) {
+    var bitField = follower._bitField;
+    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandler0;
+    var reject = follower._rejectionHandler0;
+    var promise = follower._promise0;
+    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(0);
+    if (receiver === undefined) receiver = UNDEFINED_BINDING;
+    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, promise, receiver, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._migrateCallbackAt = function (follower, index) {
+    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandlerAt(index);
+    var reject = follower._rejectionHandlerAt(index);
+    var promise = follower._promiseAt(index);
+    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(index);
+    if (receiver === undefined) receiver = UNDEFINED_BINDING;
+    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, promise, receiver, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._addCallbacks = function (
+    fulfill,
+    reject,
+    promise,
+    receiver,
+    domain
+) {
+    var index = this._length();
+
+    if (index >= 65535 - 4) {
+        index = 0;
+        this._setLength(0);
+    }
+
+    if (index === 0) {
+        this._promise0 = promise;
+        this._receiver0 = receiver;
+        if (typeof fulfill === "function") {
+            this._fulfillmentHandler0 =
+                domain === null ? fulfill : util.domainBind(domain, fulfill);
+        }
+        if (typeof reject === "function") {
+            this._rejectionHandler0 =
+                domain === null ? reject : util.domainBind(domain, reject);
+        }
+    } else {
+        var base = index * 4 - 4;
+        this[base + 2] = promise;
+        this[base + 3] = receiver;
+        if (typeof fulfill === "function") {
+            this[base + 0] =
+                domain === null ? fulfill : util.domainBind(domain, fulfill);
+        }
+        if (typeof reject === "function") {
+            this[base + 1] =
+                domain === null ? reject : util.domainBind(domain, reject);
+        }
+    }
+    this._setLength(index + 1);
+    return index;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._proxy = function (proxyable, arg) {
+    this._addCallbacks(undefined, undefined, arg, proxyable, null);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveCallback = function(value, shouldBind) {
+    if (((this._bitField & 117506048) !== 0)) return;
+    if (value === this)
+        return this._rejectCallback(makeSelfResolutionError(), false);
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this);
+    if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) return this._fulfill(value);
+
+    if (shouldBind) this._propagateFrom(maybePromise, 2);
+
+    var promise = maybePromise._target();
+
+    if (promise === this) {
+        this._reject(makeSelfResolutionError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+        var len = this._length();
+        if (len > 0) promise._migrateCallback0(this);
+        for (var i = 1; i < len; ++i) {
+            promise._migrateCallbackAt(this, i);
+        }
+        this._setFollowing();
+        this._setLength(0);
+        this._setFollowee(promise);
+    } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+        this._fulfill(promise._value());
+    } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+        this._reject(promise._reason());
+    } else {
+        var reason = new CancellationError("late cancellation observer");
+        promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
+        this._reject(reason);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectCallback =
+function(reason, synchronous, ignoreNonErrorWarnings) {
+    var trace = util.ensureErrorObject(reason);
+    var hasStack = trace === reason;
+    if (!hasStack && !ignoreNonErrorWarnings && debug.warnings()) {
+        var message = "a promise was rejected with a non-error: " +
+            util.classString(reason);
+        this._warn(message, true);
+    }
+    this._attachExtraTrace(trace, synchronous ? hasStack : false);
+    this._reject(reason);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._resolveFromExecutor = function (executor) {
+    if (executor === INTERNAL) return;
+    var promise = this;
+    this._captureStackTrace();
+    this._pushContext();
+    var synchronous = true;
+    var r = this._execute(executor, function(value) {
+        promise._resolveCallback(value);
+    }, function (reason) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous);
+    });
+    synchronous = false;
+    this._popContext();
+
+    if (r !== undefined) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(r, true);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseFromHandler = function (
+    handler, receiver, value, promise
+) {
+    var bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) return;
+    promise._pushContext();
+    var x;
+    if (receiver === APPLY) {
+        if (!value || typeof value.length !== "number") {
+            x = errorObj;
+            x.e = new TypeError("cannot .spread() a non-array: " +
+                                    util.classString(value));
+        } else {
+            x = tryCatch(handler).apply(this._boundValue(), value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        x = tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value);
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+    bitField = promise._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) return;
+
+    if (x === NEXT_FILTER) {
+        promise._reject(value);
+    } else if (x === errorObj) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(x.e, false);
+    } else {
+        debug.checkForgottenReturns(x, promiseCreated, "",  promise, this);
+        promise._resolveCallback(x);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._target = function() {
+    var ret = this;
+    while (ret._isFollowing()) ret = ret._followee();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._followee = function() {
+    return this._rejectionHandler0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._setFollowee = function(promise) {
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromise = function(promise, handler, receiver, value) {
+    var isPromise = promise instanceof Promise;
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    var asyncGuaranteed = ((bitField & 134217728) !== 0);
+    if (((bitField & 65536) !== 0)) {
+        if (isPromise) promise._invokeInternalOnCancel();
+
+        if (receiver instanceof PassThroughHandlerContext &&
+            receiver.isFinallyHandler()) {
+            receiver.cancelPromise = promise;
+            if (tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value) === errorObj) {
+                promise._reject(errorObj.e);
+            }
+        } else if (handler === reflectHandler) {
+            promise._fulfill(reflectHandler.call(receiver));
+        } else if (receiver instanceof Proxyable) {
+            receiver._promiseCancelled(promise);
+        } else if (isPromise || promise instanceof PromiseArray) {
+            promise._cancel();
+        } else {
+            receiver.cancel();
+        }
+    } else if (typeof handler === "function") {
+        if (!isPromise) {
+            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
+        } else {
+            if (asyncGuaranteed) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
+        }
+    } else if (receiver instanceof Proxyable) {
+        if (!receiver._isResolved()) {
+            if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                receiver._promiseFulfilled(value, promise);
+            } else {
+                receiver._promiseRejected(value, promise);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (isPromise) {
+        if (asyncGuaranteed) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+        if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            promise._fulfill(value);
+        } else {
+            promise._reject(value);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseLateCancellationObserver = function(ctx) {
+    var handler = ctx.handler;
+    var promise = ctx.promise;
+    var receiver = ctx.receiver;
+    var value = ctx.value;
+    if (typeof handler === "function") {
+        if (!(promise instanceof Promise)) {
+            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
+        } else {
+            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
+        }
+    } else if (promise instanceof Promise) {
+        promise._reject(value);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromiseCtx = function(ctx) {
+    this._settlePromise(ctx.promise, ctx.handler, ctx.receiver, ctx.value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromise0 = function(handler, value, bitField) {
+    var promise = this._promise0;
+    var receiver = this._receiverAt(0);
+    this._promise0 = undefined;
+    this._receiver0 = undefined;
+    this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._clearCallbackDataAtIndex = function(index) {
+    var base = index * 4 - 4;
+    this[base + 2] =
+    this[base + 3] =
+    this[base + 0] =
+    this[base + 1] = undefined;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfill = function (value) {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 117506048) >>> 16)) return;
+    if (value === this) {
+        var err = makeSelfResolutionError();
+        this._attachExtraTrace(err);
+        return this._reject(err);
+    }
+    this._setFulfilled();
+    this._rejectionHandler0 = value;
+
+    if ((bitField & 65535) > 0) {
+        if (((bitField & 134217728) !== 0)) {
+            this._settlePromises();
+        } else {
+            async.settlePromises(this);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 117506048) >>> 16)) return;
+    this._setRejected();
+    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = reason;
+
+    if (this._isFinal()) {
+        return async.fatalError(reason, util.isNode);
+    }
+
+    if ((bitField & 65535) > 0) {
+        async.settlePromises(this);
+    } else {
+        this._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled();
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._fulfillPromises = function (len, value) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+        var handler = this._fulfillmentHandlerAt(i);
+        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
+        var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
+        this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(i);
+        this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, value);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._rejectPromises = function (len, reason) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+        var handler = this._rejectionHandlerAt(i);
+        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
+        var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
+        this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(i);
+        this._settlePromise(promise, handler, receiver, reason);
+    }
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settlePromises = function () {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    var len = (bitField & 65535);
+
+    if (len > 0) {
+        if (((bitField & 16842752) !== 0)) {
+            var reason = this._fulfillmentHandler0;
+            this._settlePromise0(this._rejectionHandler0, reason, bitField);
+            this._rejectPromises(len, reason);
+        } else {
+            var value = this._rejectionHandler0;
+            this._settlePromise0(this._fulfillmentHandler0, value, bitField);
+            this._fulfillPromises(len, value);
+        }
+        this._setLength(0);
+    }
+    this._clearCancellationData();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._settledValue = function() {
+    var bitField = this._bitField;
+    if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+        return this._rejectionHandler0;
+    } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+        return this._fulfillmentHandler0;
+    }
+};
+
+function deferResolve(v) {this.promise._resolveCallback(v);}
+function deferReject(v) {this.promise._rejectCallback(v, false);}
+
+Promise.defer = Promise.pending = function() {
+    debug.deprecated("Promise.defer", "new Promise");
+    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    return {
+        promise: promise,
+        resolve: deferResolve,
+        reject: deferReject
+    };
+};
+
+util.notEnumerableProp(Promise,
+                       "_makeSelfResolutionError",
+                       makeSelfResolutionError);
+
+require("./method")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection,
+    debug);
+require("./bind")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, debug);
+require("./cancel")(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, debug);
+require("./direct_resolve")(Promise);
+require("./synchronous_inspection")(Promise);
+require("./join")(
+    Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, async, getDomain);
+Promise.Promise = Promise;
+Promise.version = "3.5.1";
+require('./map.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, debug);
+require('./call_get.js')(Promise);
+require('./using.js')(Promise, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, createContext, INTERNAL, debug);
+require('./timers.js')(Promise, INTERNAL, debug);
+require('./generators.js')(Promise, apiRejection, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, Proxyable, debug);
+require('./nodeify.js')(Promise);
+require('./promisify.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
+require('./props.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
+require('./race.js')(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
+require('./reduce.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL, debug);
+require('./settle.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, debug);
+require('./some.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection);
+require('./filter.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
+require('./each.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
+require('./any.js')(Promise);
+                                                         
+    util.toFastProperties(Promise);                                          
+    util.toFastProperties(Promise.prototype);                                
+    function fillTypes(value) {                                              
+        var p = new Promise(INTERNAL);                                       
+        p._fulfillmentHandler0 = value;                                      
+        p._rejectionHandler0 = value;                                        
+        p._promise0 = value;                                                 
+        p._receiver0 = value;                                                
+    }                                                                        
+    // Complete slack tracking, opt out of field-type tracking and           
+    // stabilize map                                                         
+    fillTypes({a: 1});                                                       
+    fillTypes({b: 2});                                                       
+    fillTypes({c: 3});                                                       
+    fillTypes(1);                                                            
+    fillTypes(function(){});                                                 
+    fillTypes(undefined);                                                    
+    fillTypes(false);                                                        
+    fillTypes(new Promise(INTERNAL));                                        
+    debug.setBounds(Async.firstLineError, util.lastLineError);               
+    return Promise;                                                          
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise_array.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise_array.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fb303eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise_array.js
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise,
+    apiRejection, Proxyable) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var isArray = util.isArray;
+
+function toResolutionValue(val) {
+    switch(val) {
+    case -2: return [];
+    case -3: return {};
+    case -6: return new Map();
+    }
+}
+
+function PromiseArray(values) {
+    var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        promise._propagateFrom(values, 3);
+    }
+    promise._setOnCancel(this);
+    this._values = values;
+    this._length = 0;
+    this._totalResolved = 0;
+    this._init(undefined, -2);
+}
+util.inherits(PromiseArray, Proxyable);
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.length = function () {
+    return this._length;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.promise = function () {
+    return this._promise;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._init = function init(_, resolveValueIfEmpty) {
+    var values = tryConvertToPromise(this._values, this._promise);
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        values = values._target();
+        var bitField = values._bitField;
+        ;
+        this._values = values;
+
+        if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+            this._promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+            return values._then(
+                init,
+                this._reject,
+                undefined,
+                this,
+                resolveValueIfEmpty
+           );
+        } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+            values = values._value();
+        } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+            return this._reject(values._reason());
+        } else {
+            return this._cancel();
+        }
+    }
+    values = util.asArray(values);
+    if (values === null) {
+        var err = apiRejection(
+            "expecting an array or an iterable object but got " + util.classString(values)).reason();
+        this._promise._rejectCallback(err, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (values.length === 0) {
+        if (resolveValueIfEmpty === -5) {
+            this._resolveEmptyArray();
+        }
+        else {
+            this._resolve(toResolutionValue(resolveValueIfEmpty));
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    this._iterate(values);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._iterate = function(values) {
+    var len = this.getActualLength(values.length);
+    this._length = len;
+    this._values = this.shouldCopyValues() ? new Array(len) : this._values;
+    var result = this._promise;
+    var isResolved = false;
+    var bitField = null;
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(values[i], result);
+
+        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
+            bitField = maybePromise._bitField;
+        } else {
+            bitField = null;
+        }
+
+        if (isResolved) {
+            if (bitField !== null) {
+                maybePromise.suppressUnhandledRejections();
+            }
+        } else if (bitField !== null) {
+            if (((bitField & 50397184) === 0)) {
+                maybePromise._proxy(this, i);
+                this._values[i] = maybePromise;
+            } else if (((bitField & 33554432) !== 0)) {
+                isResolved = this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise._value(), i);
+            } else if (((bitField & 16777216) !== 0)) {
+                isResolved = this._promiseRejected(maybePromise._reason(), i);
+            } else {
+                isResolved = this._promiseCancelled(i);
+            }
+        } else {
+            isResolved = this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise, i);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!isResolved) result._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._isResolved = function () {
+    return this._values === null;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._resolve = function (value) {
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._fulfill(value);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._cancel = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved() || !this._promise._isCancellable()) return;
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._cancel();
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
+    this._values = null;
+    this._promise._rejectCallback(reason, false);
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    this._values[index] = value;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        this._resolve(this._values);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseCancelled = function() {
+    this._cancel();
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._totalResolved++;
+    this._reject(reason);
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    var values = this._values;
+    this._cancel();
+    if (values instanceof Promise) {
+        values.cancel();
+    } else {
+        for (var i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
+            if (values[i] instanceof Promise) {
+                values[i].cancel();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return true;
+};
+
+PromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
+    return len;
+};
+
+return PromiseArray;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promisify.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promisify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa98e5bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promisify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var THIS = {};
+var util = require("./util");
+var nodebackForPromise = require("./nodeback");
+var withAppended = util.withAppended;
+var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
+var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
+var TypeError = require("./errors").TypeError;
+var defaultSuffix = "Async";
+var defaultPromisified = {__isPromisified__: true};
+var noCopyProps = [
+    "arity",    "length",
+    "name",
+    "arguments",
+    "caller",
+    "callee",
+    "prototype",
+    "__isPromisified__"
+];
+var noCopyPropsPattern = new RegExp("^(?:" + noCopyProps.join("|") + ")$");
+
+var defaultFilter = function(name) {
+    return util.isIdentifier(name) &&
+        name.charAt(0) !== "_" &&
+        name !== "constructor";
+};
+
+function propsFilter(key) {
+    return !noCopyPropsPattern.test(key);
+}
+
+function isPromisified(fn) {
+    try {
+        return fn.__isPromisified__ === true;
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function hasPromisified(obj, key, suffix) {
+    var val = util.getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key + suffix,
+                                            defaultPromisified);
+    return val ? isPromisified(val) : false;
+}
+function checkValid(ret, suffix, suffixRegexp) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i += 2) {
+        var key = ret[i];
+        if (suffixRegexp.test(key)) {
+            var keyWithoutAsyncSuffix = key.replace(suffixRegexp, "");
+            for (var j = 0; j < ret.length; j += 2) {
+                if (ret[j] === keyWithoutAsyncSuffix) {
+                    throw new TypeError("Cannot promisify an API that has normal methods with '%s'-suffix\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a"
+                        .replace("%s", suffix));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function promisifiableMethods(obj, suffix, suffixRegexp, filter) {
+    var keys = util.inheritedDataKeys(obj);
+    var ret = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        var value = obj[key];
+        var passesDefaultFilter = filter === defaultFilter
+            ? true : defaultFilter(key, value, obj);
+        if (typeof value === "function" &&
+            !isPromisified(value) &&
+            !hasPromisified(obj, key, suffix) &&
+            filter(key, value, obj, passesDefaultFilter)) {
+            ret.push(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+    checkValid(ret, suffix, suffixRegexp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+var escapeIdentRegex = function(str) {
+    return str.replace(/([$])/, "\\$");
+};
+
+var makeNodePromisifiedEval;
+if (!false) {
+var switchCaseArgumentOrder = function(likelyArgumentCount) {
+    var ret = [likelyArgumentCount];
+    var min = Math.max(0, likelyArgumentCount - 1 - 3);
+    for(var i = likelyArgumentCount - 1; i >= min; --i) {
+        ret.push(i);
+    }
+    for(var i = likelyArgumentCount + 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
+        ret.push(i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+var argumentSequence = function(argumentCount) {
+    return util.filledRange(argumentCount, "_arg", "");
+};
+
+var parameterDeclaration = function(parameterCount) {
+    return util.filledRange(
+        Math.max(parameterCount, 3), "_arg", "");
+};
+
+var parameterCount = function(fn) {
+    if (typeof fn.length === "number") {
+        return Math.max(Math.min(fn.length, 1023 + 1), 0);
+    }
+    return 0;
+};
+
+makeNodePromisifiedEval =
+function(callback, receiver, originalName, fn, _, multiArgs) {
+    var newParameterCount = Math.max(0, parameterCount(fn) - 1);
+    var argumentOrder = switchCaseArgumentOrder(newParameterCount);
+    var shouldProxyThis = typeof callback === "string" || receiver === THIS;
+
+    function generateCallForArgumentCount(count) {
+        var args = argumentSequence(count).join(", ");
+        var comma = count > 0 ? ", " : "";
+        var ret;
+        if (shouldProxyThis) {
+            ret = "ret = callback.call(this, {{args}}, nodeback); break;\n";
+        } else {
+            ret = receiver === undefined
+                ? "ret = callback({{args}}, nodeback); break;\n"
+                : "ret = callback.call(receiver, {{args}}, nodeback); break;\n";
+        }
+        return ret.replace("{{args}}", args).replace(", ", comma);
+    }
+
+    function generateArgumentSwitchCase() {
+        var ret = "";
+        for (var i = 0; i < argumentOrder.length; ++i) {
+            ret += "case " + argumentOrder[i] +":" +
+                generateCallForArgumentCount(argumentOrder[i]);
+        }
+
+        ret += "                                                             \n\
+        default:                                                             \n\
+            var args = new Array(len + 1);                                   \n\
+            var i = 0;                                                       \n\
+            for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {                                  \n\
+               args[i] = arguments[i];                                       \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+            args[i] = nodeback;                                              \n\
+            [CodeForCall]                                                    \n\
+            break;                                                           \n\
+        ".replace("[CodeForCall]", (shouldProxyThis
+                                ? "ret = callback.apply(this, args);\n"
+                                : "ret = callback.apply(receiver, args);\n"));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    var getFunctionCode = typeof callback === "string"
+                                ? ("this != null ? this['"+callback+"'] : fn")
+                                : "fn";
+    var body = "'use strict';                                                \n\
+        var ret = function (Parameters) {                                    \n\
+            'use strict';                                                    \n\
+            var len = arguments.length;                                      \n\
+            var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);                             \n\
+            promise._captureStackTrace();                                    \n\
+            var nodeback = nodebackForPromise(promise, " + multiArgs + ");   \n\
+            var ret;                                                         \n\
+            var callback = tryCatch([GetFunctionCode]);                      \n\
+            switch(len) {                                                    \n\
+                [CodeForSwitchCase]                                          \n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+            if (ret === errorObj) {                                          \n\
+                promise._rejectCallback(maybeWrapAsError(ret.e), true, true);\n\
+            }                                                                \n\
+            if (!promise._isFateSealed()) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();     \n\
+            return promise;                                                  \n\
+        };                                                                   \n\
+        notEnumerableProp(ret, '__isPromisified__', true);                   \n\
+        return ret;                                                          \n\
+    ".replace("[CodeForSwitchCase]", generateArgumentSwitchCase())
+        .replace("[GetFunctionCode]", getFunctionCode);
+    body = body.replace("Parameters", parameterDeclaration(newParameterCount));
+    return new Function("Promise",
+                        "fn",
+                        "receiver",
+                        "withAppended",
+                        "maybeWrapAsError",
+                        "nodebackForPromise",
+                        "tryCatch",
+                        "errorObj",
+                        "notEnumerableProp",
+                        "INTERNAL",
+                        body)(
+                    Promise,
+                    fn,
+                    receiver,
+                    withAppended,
+                    maybeWrapAsError,
+                    nodebackForPromise,
+                    util.tryCatch,
+                    util.errorObj,
+                    util.notEnumerableProp,
+                    INTERNAL);
+};
+}
+
+function makeNodePromisifiedClosure(callback, receiver, _, fn, __, multiArgs) {
+    var defaultThis = (function() {return this;})();
+    var method = callback;
+    if (typeof method === "string") {
+        callback = fn;
+    }
+    function promisified() {
+        var _receiver = receiver;
+        if (receiver === THIS) _receiver = this;
+        var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        promise._captureStackTrace();
+        var cb = typeof method === "string" && this !== defaultThis
+            ? this[method] : callback;
+        var fn = nodebackForPromise(promise, multiArgs);
+        try {
+            cb.apply(_receiver, withAppended(arguments, fn));
+        } catch(e) {
+            promise._rejectCallback(maybeWrapAsError(e), true, true);
+        }
+        if (!promise._isFateSealed()) promise._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+        return promise;
+    }
+    util.notEnumerableProp(promisified, "__isPromisified__", true);
+    return promisified;
+}
+
+var makeNodePromisified = canEvaluate
+    ? makeNodePromisifiedEval
+    : makeNodePromisifiedClosure;
+
+function promisifyAll(obj, suffix, filter, promisifier, multiArgs) {
+    var suffixRegexp = new RegExp(escapeIdentRegex(suffix) + "$");
+    var methods =
+        promisifiableMethods(obj, suffix, suffixRegexp, filter);
+
+    for (var i = 0, len = methods.length; i < len; i+= 2) {
+        var key = methods[i];
+        var fn = methods[i+1];
+        var promisifiedKey = key + suffix;
+        if (promisifier === makeNodePromisified) {
+            obj[promisifiedKey] =
+                makeNodePromisified(key, THIS, key, fn, suffix, multiArgs);
+        } else {
+            var promisified = promisifier(fn, function() {
+                return makeNodePromisified(key, THIS, key,
+                                           fn, suffix, multiArgs);
+            });
+            util.notEnumerableProp(promisified, "__isPromisified__", true);
+            obj[promisifiedKey] = promisified;
+        }
+    }
+    util.toFastProperties(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function promisify(callback, receiver, multiArgs) {
+    return makeNodePromisified(callback, receiver, undefined,
+                                callback, null, multiArgs);
+}
+
+Promise.promisify = function (fn, options) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    if (isPromisified(fn)) {
+        return fn;
+    }
+    options = Object(options);
+    var receiver = options.context === undefined ? THIS : options.context;
+    var multiArgs = !!options.multiArgs;
+    var ret = promisify(fn, receiver, multiArgs);
+    util.copyDescriptors(fn, ret, propsFilter);
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.promisifyAll = function (target, options) {
+    if (typeof target !== "function" && typeof target !== "object") {
+        throw new TypeError("the target of promisifyAll must be an object or a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    options = Object(options);
+    var multiArgs = !!options.multiArgs;
+    var suffix = options.suffix;
+    if (typeof suffix !== "string") suffix = defaultSuffix;
+    var filter = options.filter;
+    if (typeof filter !== "function") filter = defaultFilter;
+    var promisifier = options.promisifier;
+    if (typeof promisifier !== "function") promisifier = makeNodePromisified;
+
+    if (!util.isIdentifier(suffix)) {
+        throw new RangeError("suffix must be a valid identifier\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+
+    var keys = util.inheritedDataKeys(target);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var value = target[keys[i]];
+        if (keys[i] !== "constructor" &&
+            util.isClass(value)) {
+            promisifyAll(value.prototype, suffix, filter, promisifier,
+                multiArgs);
+            promisifyAll(value, suffix, filter, promisifier, multiArgs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return promisifyAll(target, suffix, filter, promisifier, multiArgs);
+};
+};
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/props.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/props.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a34aaf55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/props.js
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(
+    Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var isObject = util.isObject;
+var es5 = require("./es5");
+var Es6Map;
+if (typeof Map === "function") Es6Map = Map;
+
+var mapToEntries = (function() {
+    var index = 0;
+    var size = 0;
+
+    function extractEntry(value, key) {
+        this[index] = value;
+        this[index + size] = key;
+        index++;
+    }
+
+    return function mapToEntries(map) {
+        size = map.size;
+        index = 0;
+        var ret = new Array(map.size * 2);
+        map.forEach(extractEntry, ret);
+        return ret;
+    };
+})();
+
+var entriesToMap = function(entries) {
+    var ret = new Es6Map();
+    var length = entries.length / 2 | 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        var key = entries[length + i];
+        var value = entries[i];
+        ret.set(key, value);
+    }
+    return ret;
+};
+
+function PropertiesPromiseArray(obj) {
+    var isMap = false;
+    var entries;
+    if (Es6Map !== undefined && obj instanceof Es6Map) {
+        entries = mapToEntries(obj);
+        isMap = true;
+    } else {
+        var keys = es5.keys(obj);
+        var len = keys.length;
+        entries = new Array(len * 2);
+        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            var key = keys[i];
+            entries[i] = obj[key];
+            entries[i + len] = key;
+        }
+    }
+    this.constructor$(entries);
+    this._isMap = isMap;
+    this._init$(undefined, isMap ? -6 : -3);
+}
+util.inherits(PropertiesPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {};
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    this._values[index] = value;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        var val;
+        if (this._isMap) {
+            val = entriesToMap(this._values);
+        } else {
+            val = {};
+            var keyOffset = this.length();
+            for (var i = 0, len = this.length(); i < len; ++i) {
+                val[this._values[i + keyOffset]] = this._values[i];
+            }
+        }
+        this._resolve(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return false;
+};
+
+PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
+    return len >> 1;
+};
+
+function props(promises) {
+    var ret;
+    var castValue = tryConvertToPromise(promises);
+
+    if (!isObject(castValue)) {
+        return apiRejection("cannot await properties of a non-object\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    } else if (castValue instanceof Promise) {
+        ret = castValue._then(
+            Promise.props, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined);
+    } else {
+        ret = new PropertiesPromiseArray(castValue).promise();
+    }
+
+    if (castValue instanceof Promise) {
+        ret._propagateFrom(castValue, 2);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.props = function () {
+    return props(this);
+};
+
+Promise.props = function (promises) {
+    return props(promises);
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/queue.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/queue.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffd36fda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/queue.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"use strict";
+function arrayMove(src, srcIndex, dst, dstIndex, len) {
+    for (var j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+        dst[j + dstIndex] = src[j + srcIndex];
+        src[j + srcIndex] = void 0;
+    }
+}
+
+function Queue(capacity) {
+    this._capacity = capacity;
+    this._length = 0;
+    this._front = 0;
+}
+
+Queue.prototype._willBeOverCapacity = function (size) {
+    return this._capacity < size;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._pushOne = function (arg) {
+    var length = this.length();
+    this._checkCapacity(length + 1);
+    var i = (this._front + length) & (this._capacity - 1);
+    this[i] = arg;
+    this._length = length + 1;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.push = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
+    var length = this.length() + 3;
+    if (this._willBeOverCapacity(length)) {
+        this._pushOne(fn);
+        this._pushOne(receiver);
+        this._pushOne(arg);
+        return;
+    }
+    var j = this._front + length - 3;
+    this._checkCapacity(length);
+    var wrapMask = this._capacity - 1;
+    this[(j + 0) & wrapMask] = fn;
+    this[(j + 1) & wrapMask] = receiver;
+    this[(j + 2) & wrapMask] = arg;
+    this._length = length;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.shift = function () {
+    var front = this._front,
+        ret = this[front];
+
+    this[front] = undefined;
+    this._front = (front + 1) & (this._capacity - 1);
+    this._length--;
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype.length = function () {
+    return this._length;
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._checkCapacity = function (size) {
+    if (this._capacity < size) {
+        this._resizeTo(this._capacity << 1);
+    }
+};
+
+Queue.prototype._resizeTo = function (capacity) {
+    var oldCapacity = this._capacity;
+    this._capacity = capacity;
+    var front = this._front;
+    var length = this._length;
+    var moveItemsCount = (front + length) & (oldCapacity - 1);
+    arrayMove(this, 0, this, oldCapacity, moveItemsCount);
+};
+
+module.exports = Queue;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/race.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/race.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b862f46d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/race.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(
+    Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
+var util = require("./util");
+
+var raceLater = function (promise) {
+    return promise.then(function(array) {
+        return race(array, promise);
+    });
+};
+
+function race(promises, parent) {
+    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(promises);
+
+    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+        return raceLater(maybePromise);
+    } else {
+        promises = util.asArray(promises);
+        if (promises === null)
+            return apiRejection("expecting an array or an iterable object but got " + util.classString(promises));
+    }
+
+    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    if (parent !== undefined) {
+        ret._propagateFrom(parent, 3);
+    }
+    var fulfill = ret._fulfill;
+    var reject = ret._reject;
+    for (var i = 0, len = promises.length; i < len; ++i) {
+        var val = promises[i];
+
+        if (val === undefined && !(i in promises)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        Promise.cast(val)._then(fulfill, reject, undefined, ret, null);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Promise.race = function (promises) {
+    return race(promises, undefined);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.race = function () {
+    return race(this, undefined);
+};
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/reduce.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/reduce.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26e2b1a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/reduce.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise,
+                          PromiseArray,
+                          apiRejection,
+                          tryConvertToPromise,
+                          INTERNAL,
+                          debug) {
+var getDomain = Promise._getDomain;
+var util = require("./util");
+var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+
+function ReductionPromiseArray(promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
+    this.constructor$(promises);
+    var domain = getDomain();
+    this._fn = domain === null ? fn : util.domainBind(domain, fn);
+    if (initialValue !== undefined) {
+        initialValue = Promise.resolve(initialValue);
+        initialValue._attachCancellationCallback(this);
+    }
+    this._initialValue = initialValue;
+    this._currentCancellable = null;
+    if(_each === INTERNAL) {
+        this._eachValues = Array(this._length);
+    } else if (_each === 0) {
+        this._eachValues = null;
+    } else {
+        this._eachValues = undefined;
+    }
+    this._promise._captureStackTrace();
+    this._init$(undefined, -5);
+}
+util.inherits(ReductionPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._gotAccum = function(accum) {
+    if (this._eachValues !== undefined && 
+        this._eachValues !== null && 
+        accum !== INTERNAL) {
+        this._eachValues.push(accum);
+    }
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._eachComplete = function(value) {
+    if (this._eachValues !== null) {
+        this._eachValues.push(value);
+    }
+    return this._eachValues;
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._init = function() {};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resolveEmptyArray = function() {
+    this._resolve(this._eachValues !== undefined ? this._eachValues
+                                                 : this._initialValue);
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
+    return false;
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resolve = function(value) {
+    this._promise._resolveCallback(value);
+    this._values = null;
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resultCancelled = function(sender) {
+    if (sender === this._initialValue) return this._cancel();
+    if (this._isResolved()) return;
+    this._resultCancelled$();
+    if (this._currentCancellable instanceof Promise) {
+        this._currentCancellable.cancel();
+    }
+    if (this._initialValue instanceof Promise) {
+        this._initialValue.cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._iterate = function (values) {
+    this._values = values;
+    var value;
+    var i;
+    var length = values.length;
+    if (this._initialValue !== undefined) {
+        value = this._initialValue;
+        i = 0;
+    } else {
+        value = Promise.resolve(values[0]);
+        i = 1;
+    }
+
+    this._currentCancellable = value;
+
+    if (!value.isRejected()) {
+        for (; i < length; ++i) {
+            var ctx = {
+                accum: null,
+                value: values[i],
+                index: i,
+                length: length,
+                array: this
+            };
+            value = value._then(gotAccum, undefined, undefined, ctx, undefined);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (this._eachValues !== undefined) {
+        value = value
+            ._then(this._eachComplete, undefined, undefined, this, undefined);
+    }
+    value._then(completed, completed, undefined, value, this);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reduce = function (fn, initialValue) {
+    return reduce(this, fn, initialValue, null);
+};
+
+Promise.reduce = function (promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
+    return reduce(promises, fn, initialValue, _each);
+};
+
+function completed(valueOrReason, array) {
+    if (this.isFulfilled()) {
+        array._resolve(valueOrReason);
+    } else {
+        array._reject(valueOrReason);
+    }
+}
+
+function reduce(promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
+    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+    }
+    var array = new ReductionPromiseArray(promises, fn, initialValue, _each);
+    return array.promise();
+}
+
+function gotAccum(accum) {
+    this.accum = accum;
+    this.array._gotAccum(accum);
+    var value = tryConvertToPromise(this.value, this.array._promise);
+    if (value instanceof Promise) {
+        this.array._currentCancellable = value;
+        return value._then(gotValue, undefined, undefined, this, undefined);
+    } else {
+        return gotValue.call(this, value);
+    }
+}
+
+function gotValue(value) {
+    var array = this.array;
+    var promise = array._promise;
+    var fn = tryCatch(array._fn);
+    promise._pushContext();
+    var ret;
+    if (array._eachValues !== undefined) {
+        ret = fn.call(promise._boundValue(), value, this.index, this.length);
+    } else {
+        ret = fn.call(promise._boundValue(),
+                              this.accum, value, this.index, this.length);
+    }
+    if (ret instanceof Promise) {
+        array._currentCancellable = ret;
+    }
+    var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+    debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+        ret,
+        promiseCreated,
+        array._eachValues !== undefined ? "Promise.each" : "Promise.reduce",
+        promise
+    );
+    return ret;
+}
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/schedule.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/schedule.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f70df9fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/schedule.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"use strict";
+var util = require("./util");
+var schedule;
+var noAsyncScheduler = function() {
+    throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+};
+var NativePromise = util.getNativePromise();
+if (util.isNode && typeof MutationObserver === "undefined") {
+    var GlobalSetImmediate = global.setImmediate;
+    var ProcessNextTick = process.nextTick;
+    schedule = util.isRecentNode
+                ? function(fn) { GlobalSetImmediate.call(global, fn); }
+                : function(fn) { ProcessNextTick.call(process, fn); };
+} else if (typeof NativePromise === "function" &&
+           typeof NativePromise.resolve === "function") {
+    var nativePromise = NativePromise.resolve();
+    schedule = function(fn) {
+        nativePromise.then(fn);
+    };
+} else if ((typeof MutationObserver !== "undefined") &&
+          !(typeof window !== "undefined" &&
+            window.navigator &&
+            (window.navigator.standalone || window.cordova))) {
+    schedule = (function() {
+        var div = document.createElement("div");
+        var opts = {attributes: true};
+        var toggleScheduled = false;
+        var div2 = document.createElement("div");
+        var o2 = new MutationObserver(function() {
+            div.classList.toggle("foo");
+            toggleScheduled = false;
+        });
+        o2.observe(div2, opts);
+
+        var scheduleToggle = function() {
+            if (toggleScheduled) return;
+            toggleScheduled = true;
+            div2.classList.toggle("foo");
+        };
+
+        return function schedule(fn) {
+            var o = new MutationObserver(function() {
+                o.disconnect();
+                fn();
+            });
+            o.observe(div, opts);
+            scheduleToggle();
+        };
+    })();
+} else if (typeof setImmediate !== "undefined") {
+    schedule = function (fn) {
+        setImmediate(fn);
+    };
+} else if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
+    schedule = function (fn) {
+        setTimeout(fn, 0);
+    };
+} else {
+    schedule = noAsyncScheduler;
+}
+module.exports = schedule;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/settle.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/settle.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fade3a174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/settle.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+    function(Promise, PromiseArray, debug) {
+var PromiseInspection = Promise.PromiseInspection;
+var util = require("./util");
+
+function SettledPromiseArray(values) {
+    this.constructor$(values);
+}
+util.inherits(SettledPromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseResolved = function (index, inspection) {
+    this._values[index] = inspection;
+    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
+    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
+        this._resolve(this._values);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
+    var ret = new PromiseInspection();
+    ret._bitField = 33554432;
+    ret._settledValueField = value;
+    return this._promiseResolved(index, ret);
+};
+SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason, index) {
+    var ret = new PromiseInspection();
+    ret._bitField = 16777216;
+    ret._settledValueField = reason;
+    return this._promiseResolved(index, ret);
+};
+
+Promise.settle = function (promises) {
+    debug.deprecated(".settle()", ".reflect()");
+    return new SettledPromiseArray(promises).promise();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.settle = function () {
+    return Promise.settle(this);
+};
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/some.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/some.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..400d85207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/some.js
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports =
+function(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var RangeError = require("./errors").RangeError;
+var AggregateError = require("./errors").AggregateError;
+var isArray = util.isArray;
+var CANCELLATION = {};
+
+
+function SomePromiseArray(values) {
+    this.constructor$(values);
+    this._howMany = 0;
+    this._unwrap = false;
+    this._initialized = false;
+}
+util.inherits(SomePromiseArray, PromiseArray);
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {
+    if (!this._initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (this._howMany === 0) {
+        this._resolve([]);
+        return;
+    }
+    this._init$(undefined, -5);
+    var isArrayResolved = isArray(this._values);
+    if (!this._isResolved() &&
+        isArrayResolved &&
+        this._howMany > this._canPossiblyFulfill()) {
+        this._reject(this._getRangeError(this.length()));
+    }
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.init = function () {
+    this._initialized = true;
+    this._init();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.setUnwrap = function () {
+    this._unwrap = true;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.howMany = function () {
+    return this._howMany;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype.setHowMany = function (count) {
+    this._howMany = count;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value) {
+    this._addFulfilled(value);
+    if (this._fulfilled() === this.howMany()) {
+        this._values.length = this.howMany();
+        if (this.howMany() === 1 && this._unwrap) {
+            this._resolve(this._values[0]);
+        } else {
+            this._resolve(this._values);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+
+};
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._addRejected(reason);
+    return this._checkOutcome();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseCancelled = function () {
+    if (this._values instanceof Promise || this._values == null) {
+        return this._cancel();
+    }
+    this._addRejected(CANCELLATION);
+    return this._checkOutcome();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._checkOutcome = function() {
+    if (this.howMany() > this._canPossiblyFulfill()) {
+        var e = new AggregateError();
+        for (var i = this.length(); i < this._values.length; ++i) {
+            if (this._values[i] !== CANCELLATION) {
+                e.push(this._values[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        if (e.length > 0) {
+            this._reject(e);
+        } else {
+            this._cancel();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._fulfilled = function () {
+    return this._totalResolved;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._rejected = function () {
+    return this._values.length - this.length();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._addRejected = function (reason) {
+    this._values.push(reason);
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._addFulfilled = function (value) {
+    this._values[this._totalResolved++] = value;
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._canPossiblyFulfill = function () {
+    return this.length() - this._rejected();
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._getRangeError = function (count) {
+    var message = "Input array must contain at least " +
+            this._howMany + " items but contains only " + count + " items";
+    return new RangeError(message);
+};
+
+SomePromiseArray.prototype._resolveEmptyArray = function () {
+    this._reject(this._getRangeError(0));
+};
+
+function some(promises, howMany) {
+    if ((howMany | 0) !== howMany || howMany < 0) {
+        return apiRejection("expecting a positive integer\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    var ret = new SomePromiseArray(promises);
+    var promise = ret.promise();
+    ret.setHowMany(howMany);
+    ret.init();
+    return promise;
+}
+
+Promise.some = function (promises, howMany) {
+    return some(promises, howMany);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.some = function (howMany) {
+    return some(this, howMany);
+};
+
+Promise._SomePromiseArray = SomePromiseArray;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/synchronous_inspection.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/synchronous_inspection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c49d2e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/synchronous_inspection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise) {
+function PromiseInspection(promise) {
+    if (promise !== undefined) {
+        promise = promise._target();
+        this._bitField = promise._bitField;
+        this._settledValueField = promise._isFateSealed()
+            ? promise._settledValue() : undefined;
+    }
+    else {
+        this._bitField = 0;
+        this._settledValueField = undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+PromiseInspection.prototype._settledValue = function() {
+    return this._settledValueField;
+};
+
+var value = PromiseInspection.prototype.value = function () {
+    if (!this.isFulfilled()) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot get fulfillment value of a non-fulfilled promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+var reason = PromiseInspection.prototype.error =
+PromiseInspection.prototype.reason = function () {
+    if (!this.isRejected()) {
+        throw new TypeError("cannot get rejection reason of a non-rejected promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/MqrFmX\u000a");
+    }
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+var isFulfilled = PromiseInspection.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 33554432) !== 0;
+};
+
+var isRejected = PromiseInspection.prototype.isRejected = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 16777216) !== 0;
+};
+
+var isPending = PromiseInspection.prototype.isPending = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 50397184) === 0;
+};
+
+var isResolved = PromiseInspection.prototype.isResolved = function () {
+    return (this._bitField & 50331648) !== 0;
+};
+
+PromiseInspection.prototype.isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 8454144) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.__isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._bitField & 65536) === 65536;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._isCancelled = function() {
+    return this._target().__isCancelled();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isCancelled = function() {
+    return (this._target()._bitField & 8454144) !== 0;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isPending = function() {
+    return isPending.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isRejected = function() {
+    return isRejected.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
+    return isFulfilled.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.isResolved = function() {
+    return isResolved.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.value = function() {
+    return value.call(this._target());
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.reason = function() {
+    var target = this._target();
+    target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    return reason.call(target);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._value = function() {
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+Promise.prototype._reason = function() {
+    this._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
+    return this._settledValue();
+};
+
+Promise.PromiseInspection = PromiseInspection;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/thenables.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/thenables.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6ab9aa27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/thenables.js
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+var isObject = util.isObject;
+
+function tryConvertToPromise(obj, context) {
+    if (isObject(obj)) {
+        if (obj instanceof Promise) return obj;
+        var then = getThen(obj);
+        if (then === errorObj) {
+            if (context) context._pushContext();
+            var ret = Promise.reject(then.e);
+            if (context) context._popContext();
+            return ret;
+        } else if (typeof then === "function") {
+            if (isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj)) {
+                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+                obj._then(
+                    ret._fulfill,
+                    ret._reject,
+                    undefined,
+                    ret,
+                    null
+                );
+                return ret;
+            }
+            return doThenable(obj, then, context);
+        }
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function doGetThen(obj) {
+    return obj.then;
+}
+
+function getThen(obj) {
+    try {
+        return doGetThen(obj);
+    } catch (e) {
+        errorObj.e = e;
+        return errorObj;
+    }
+}
+
+var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+function isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj) {
+    try {
+        return hasProp.call(obj, "_promise0");
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function doThenable(x, then, context) {
+    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+    var ret = promise;
+    if (context) context._pushContext();
+    promise._captureStackTrace();
+    if (context) context._popContext();
+    var synchronous = true;
+    var result = util.tryCatch(then).call(x, resolve, reject);
+    synchronous = false;
+
+    if (promise && result === errorObj) {
+        promise._rejectCallback(result.e, true, true);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+
+    function resolve(value) {
+        if (!promise) return;
+        promise._resolveCallback(value);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+
+    function reject(reason) {
+        if (!promise) return;
+        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous, true);
+        promise = null;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+return tryConvertToPromise;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/timers.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/timers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb8f1f421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/timers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, debug) {
+var util = require("./util");
+var TimeoutError = Promise.TimeoutError;
+
+function HandleWrapper(handle)  {
+    this.handle = handle;
+}
+
+HandleWrapper.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+    clearTimeout(this.handle);
+};
+
+var afterValue = function(value) { return delay(+this).thenReturn(value); };
+var delay = Promise.delay = function (ms, value) {
+    var ret;
+    var handle;
+    if (value !== undefined) {
+        ret = Promise.resolve(value)
+                ._then(afterValue, null, null, ms, undefined);
+        if (debug.cancellation() && value instanceof Promise) {
+            ret._setOnCancel(value);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        handle = setTimeout(function() { ret._fulfill(); }, +ms);
+        if (debug.cancellation()) {
+            ret._setOnCancel(new HandleWrapper(handle));
+        }
+        ret._captureStackTrace();
+    }
+    ret._setAsyncGuaranteed();
+    return ret;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.delay = function (ms) {
+    return delay(ms, this);
+};
+
+var afterTimeout = function (promise, message, parent) {
+    var err;
+    if (typeof message !== "string") {
+        if (message instanceof Error) {
+            err = message;
+        } else {
+            err = new TimeoutError("operation timed out");
+        }
+    } else {
+        err = new TimeoutError(message);
+    }
+    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(err);
+    promise._attachExtraTrace(err);
+    promise._reject(err);
+
+    if (parent != null) {
+        parent.cancel();
+    }
+};
+
+function successClear(value) {
+    clearTimeout(this.handle);
+    return value;
+}
+
+function failureClear(reason) {
+    clearTimeout(this.handle);
+    throw reason;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.timeout = function (ms, message) {
+    ms = +ms;
+    var ret, parent;
+
+    var handleWrapper = new HandleWrapper(setTimeout(function timeoutTimeout() {
+        if (ret.isPending()) {
+            afterTimeout(ret, message, parent);
+        }
+    }, ms));
+
+    if (debug.cancellation()) {
+        parent = this.then();
+        ret = parent._then(successClear, failureClear,
+                            undefined, handleWrapper, undefined);
+        ret._setOnCancel(handleWrapper);
+    } else {
+        ret = this._then(successClear, failureClear,
+                            undefined, handleWrapper, undefined);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+};
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/using.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/using.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65de531c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/using.js
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+"use strict";
+module.exports = function (Promise, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise,
+    createContext, INTERNAL, debug) {
+    var util = require("./util");
+    var TypeError = require("./errors").TypeError;
+    var inherits = require("./util").inherits;
+    var errorObj = util.errorObj;
+    var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
+    var NULL = {};
+
+    function thrower(e) {
+        setTimeout(function(){throw e;}, 0);
+    }
+
+    function castPreservingDisposable(thenable) {
+        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thenable);
+        if (maybePromise !== thenable &&
+            typeof thenable._isDisposable === "function" &&
+            typeof thenable._getDisposer === "function" &&
+            thenable._isDisposable()) {
+            maybePromise._setDisposable(thenable._getDisposer());
+        }
+        return maybePromise;
+    }
+    function dispose(resources, inspection) {
+        var i = 0;
+        var len = resources.length;
+        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
+        function iterator() {
+            if (i >= len) return ret._fulfill();
+            var maybePromise = castPreservingDisposable(resources[i++]);
+            if (maybePromise instanceof Promise &&
+                maybePromise._isDisposable()) {
+                try {
+                    maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(
+                        maybePromise._getDisposer().tryDispose(inspection),
+                        resources.promise);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return thrower(e);
+                }
+                if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                    return maybePromise._then(iterator, thrower,
+                                              null, null, null);
+                }
+            }
+            iterator();
+        }
+        iterator();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    function Disposer(data, promise, context) {
+        this._data = data;
+        this._promise = promise;
+        this._context = context;
+    }
+
+    Disposer.prototype.data = function () {
+        return this._data;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.prototype.promise = function () {
+        return this._promise;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.prototype.resource = function () {
+        if (this.promise().isFulfilled()) {
+            return this.promise().value();
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.prototype.tryDispose = function(inspection) {
+        var resource = this.resource();
+        var context = this._context;
+        if (context !== undefined) context._pushContext();
+        var ret = resource !== NULL
+            ? this.doDispose(resource, inspection) : null;
+        if (context !== undefined) context._popContext();
+        this._promise._unsetDisposable();
+        this._data = null;
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    Disposer.isDisposer = function (d) {
+        return (d != null &&
+                typeof d.resource === "function" &&
+                typeof d.tryDispose === "function");
+    };
+
+    function FunctionDisposer(fn, promise, context) {
+        this.constructor$(fn, promise, context);
+    }
+    inherits(FunctionDisposer, Disposer);
+
+    FunctionDisposer.prototype.doDispose = function (resource, inspection) {
+        var fn = this.data();
+        return fn.call(resource, resource, inspection);
+    };
+
+    function maybeUnwrapDisposer(value) {
+        if (Disposer.isDisposer(value)) {
+            this.resources[this.index]._setDisposable(value);
+            return value.promise();
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    function ResourceList(length) {
+        this.length = length;
+        this.promise = null;
+        this[length-1] = null;
+    }
+
+    ResourceList.prototype._resultCancelled = function() {
+        var len = this.length;
+        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            var item = this[i];
+            if (item instanceof Promise) {
+                item.cancel();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    Promise.using = function () {
+        var len = arguments.length;
+        if (len < 2) return apiRejection(
+                        "you must pass at least 2 arguments to Promise.using");
+        var fn = arguments[len - 1];
+        if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+            return apiRejection("expecting a function but got " + util.classString(fn));
+        }
+        var input;
+        var spreadArgs = true;
+        if (len === 2 && Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
+            input = arguments[0];
+            len = input.length;
+            spreadArgs = false;
+        } else {
+            input = arguments;
+            len--;
+        }
+        var resources = new ResourceList(len);
+        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            var resource = input[i];
+            if (Disposer.isDisposer(resource)) {
+                var disposer = resource;
+                resource = resource.promise();
+                resource._setDisposable(disposer);
+            } else {
+                var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(resource);
+                if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
+                    resource =
+                        maybePromise._then(maybeUnwrapDisposer, null, null, {
+                            resources: resources,
+                            index: i
+                    }, undefined);
+                }
+            }
+            resources[i] = resource;
+        }
+
+        var reflectedResources = new Array(resources.length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < reflectedResources.length; ++i) {
+            reflectedResources[i] = Promise.resolve(resources[i]).reflect();
+        }
+
+        var resultPromise = Promise.all(reflectedResources)
+            .then(function(inspections) {
+                for (var i = 0; i < inspections.length; ++i) {
+                    var inspection = inspections[i];
+                    if (inspection.isRejected()) {
+                        errorObj.e = inspection.error();
+                        return errorObj;
+                    } else if (!inspection.isFulfilled()) {
+                        resultPromise.cancel();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    inspections[i] = inspection.value();
+                }
+                promise._pushContext();
+
+                fn = tryCatch(fn);
+                var ret = spreadArgs
+                    ? fn.apply(undefined, inspections) : fn(inspections);
+                var promiseCreated = promise._popContext();
+                debug.checkForgottenReturns(
+                    ret, promiseCreated, "Promise.using", promise);
+                return ret;
+            });
+
+        var promise = resultPromise.lastly(function() {
+            var inspection = new Promise.PromiseInspection(resultPromise);
+            return dispose(resources, inspection);
+        });
+        resources.promise = promise;
+        promise._setOnCancel(resources);
+        return promise;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._setDisposable = function (disposer) {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField | 131072;
+        this._disposer = disposer;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._isDisposable = function () {
+        return (this._bitField & 131072) > 0;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._getDisposer = function () {
+        return this._disposer;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype._unsetDisposable = function () {
+        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~131072);
+        this._disposer = undefined;
+    };
+
+    Promise.prototype.disposer = function (fn) {
+        if (typeof fn === "function") {
+            return new FunctionDisposer(fn, this, createContext());
+        }
+        throw new TypeError();
+    };
+
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/util.js b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/util.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ac0e2fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/util.js
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+"use strict";
+var es5 = require("./es5");
+var canEvaluate = typeof navigator == "undefined";
+
+var errorObj = {e: {}};
+var tryCatchTarget;
+var globalObject = typeof self !== "undefined" ? self :
+    typeof window !== "undefined" ? window :
+    typeof global !== "undefined" ? global :
+    this !== undefined ? this : null;
+
+function tryCatcher() {
+    try {
+        var target = tryCatchTarget;
+        tryCatchTarget = null;
+        return target.apply(this, arguments);
+    } catch (e) {
+        errorObj.e = e;
+        return errorObj;
+    }
+}
+function tryCatch(fn) {
+    tryCatchTarget = fn;
+    return tryCatcher;
+}
+
+var inherits = function(Child, Parent) {
+    var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    function T() {
+        this.constructor = Child;
+        this.constructor$ = Parent;
+        for (var propertyName in Parent.prototype) {
+            if (hasProp.call(Parent.prototype, propertyName) &&
+                propertyName.charAt(propertyName.length-1) !== "$"
+           ) {
+                this[propertyName + "$"] = Parent.prototype[propertyName];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    T.prototype = Parent.prototype;
+    Child.prototype = new T();
+    return Child.prototype;
+};
+
+
+function isPrimitive(val) {
+    return val == null || val === true || val === false ||
+        typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number";
+
+}
+
+function isObject(value) {
+    return typeof value === "function" ||
+           typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
+}
+
+function maybeWrapAsError(maybeError) {
+    if (!isPrimitive(maybeError)) return maybeError;
+
+    return new Error(safeToString(maybeError));
+}
+
+function withAppended(target, appendee) {
+    var len = target.length;
+    var ret = new Array(len + 1);
+    var i;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = target[i];
+    }
+    ret[i] = appendee;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key, defaultValue) {
+    if (es5.isES5) {
+        var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
+
+        if (desc != null) {
+            return desc.get == null && desc.set == null
+                    ? desc.value
+                    : defaultValue;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return {}.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key) ? obj[key] : undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+function notEnumerableProp(obj, name, value) {
+    if (isPrimitive(obj)) return obj;
+    var descriptor = {
+        value: value,
+        configurable: true,
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: true
+    };
+    es5.defineProperty(obj, name, descriptor);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+function thrower(r) {
+    throw r;
+}
+
+var inheritedDataKeys = (function() {
+    var excludedPrototypes = [
+        Array.prototype,
+        Object.prototype,
+        Function.prototype
+    ];
+
+    var isExcludedProto = function(val) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < excludedPrototypes.length; ++i) {
+            if (excludedPrototypes[i] === val) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    if (es5.isES5) {
+        var getKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+        return function(obj) {
+            var ret = [];
+            var visitedKeys = Object.create(null);
+            while (obj != null && !isExcludedProto(obj)) {
+                var keys;
+                try {
+                    keys = getKeys(obj);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+                    var key = keys[i];
+                    if (visitedKeys[key]) continue;
+                    visitedKeys[key] = true;
+                    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
+                    if (desc != null && desc.get == null && desc.set == null) {
+                        ret.push(key);
+                    }
+                }
+                obj = es5.getPrototypeOf(obj);
+            }
+            return ret;
+        };
+    } else {
+        var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+        return function(obj) {
+            if (isExcludedProto(obj)) return [];
+            var ret = [];
+
+            /*jshint forin:false */
+            enumeration: for (var key in obj) {
+                if (hasProp.call(obj, key)) {
+                    ret.push(key);
+                } else {
+                    for (var i = 0; i < excludedPrototypes.length; ++i) {
+                        if (hasProp.call(excludedPrototypes[i], key)) {
+                            continue enumeration;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ret.push(key);
+                }
+            }
+            return ret;
+        };
+    }
+
+})();
+
+var thisAssignmentPattern = /this\s*\.\s*\S+\s*=/;
+function isClass(fn) {
+    try {
+        if (typeof fn === "function") {
+            var keys = es5.names(fn.prototype);
+
+            var hasMethods = es5.isES5 && keys.length > 1;
+            var hasMethodsOtherThanConstructor = keys.length > 0 &&
+                !(keys.length === 1 && keys[0] === "constructor");
+            var hasThisAssignmentAndStaticMethods =
+                thisAssignmentPattern.test(fn + "") && es5.names(fn).length > 0;
+
+            if (hasMethods || hasMethodsOtherThanConstructor ||
+                hasThisAssignmentAndStaticMethods) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function toFastProperties(obj) {
+    /*jshint -W027,-W055,-W031*/
+    function FakeConstructor() {}
+    FakeConstructor.prototype = obj;
+    var l = 8;
+    while (l--) new FakeConstructor();
+    return obj;
+    eval(obj);
+}
+
+var rident = /^[a-z$_][a-z$_0-9]*$/i;
+function isIdentifier(str) {
+    return rident.test(str);
+}
+
+function filledRange(count, prefix, suffix) {
+    var ret = new Array(count);
+    for(var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = prefix + i + suffix;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+function safeToString(obj) {
+    try {
+        return obj + "";
+    } catch (e) {
+        return "[no string representation]";
+    }
+}
+
+function isError(obj) {
+    return obj instanceof Error ||
+        (obj !== null &&
+           typeof obj === "object" &&
+           typeof obj.message === "string" &&
+           typeof obj.name === "string");
+}
+
+function markAsOriginatingFromRejection(e) {
+    try {
+        notEnumerableProp(e, "isOperational", true);
+    }
+    catch(ignore) {}
+}
+
+function originatesFromRejection(e) {
+    if (e == null) return false;
+    return ((e instanceof Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"].OperationalError) ||
+        e["isOperational"] === true);
+}
+
+function canAttachTrace(obj) {
+    return isError(obj) && es5.propertyIsWritable(obj, "stack");
+}
+
+var ensureErrorObject = (function() {
+    if (!("stack" in new Error())) {
+        return function(value) {
+            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
+            try {throw new Error(safeToString(value));}
+            catch(err) {return err;}
+        };
+    } else {
+        return function(value) {
+            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
+            return new Error(safeToString(value));
+        };
+    }
+})();
+
+function classString(obj) {
+    return {}.toString.call(obj);
+}
+
+function copyDescriptors(from, to, filter) {
+    var keys = es5.names(from);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        if (filter(key)) {
+            try {
+                es5.defineProperty(to, key, es5.getDescriptor(from, key));
+            } catch (ignore) {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+var asArray = function(v) {
+    if (es5.isArray(v)) {
+        return v;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+if (typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && Symbol.iterator) {
+    var ArrayFrom = typeof Array.from === "function" ? function(v) {
+        return Array.from(v);
+    } : function(v) {
+        var ret = [];
+        var it = v[Symbol.iterator]();
+        var itResult;
+        while (!((itResult = it.next()).done)) {
+            ret.push(itResult.value);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    asArray = function(v) {
+        if (es5.isArray(v)) {
+            return v;
+        } else if (v != null && typeof v[Symbol.iterator] === "function") {
+            return ArrayFrom(v);
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+}
+
+var isNode = typeof process !== "undefined" &&
+        classString(process).toLowerCase() === "[object process]";
+
+var hasEnvVariables = typeof process !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof process.env !== "undefined";
+
+function env(key) {
+    return hasEnvVariables ? process.env[key] : undefined;
+}
+
+function getNativePromise() {
+    if (typeof Promise === "function") {
+        try {
+            var promise = new Promise(function(){});
+            if ({}.toString.call(promise) === "[object Promise]") {
+                return Promise;
+            }
+        } catch (e) {}
+    }
+}
+
+function domainBind(self, cb) {
+    return self.bind(cb);
+}
+
+var ret = {
+    isClass: isClass,
+    isIdentifier: isIdentifier,
+    inheritedDataKeys: inheritedDataKeys,
+    getDataPropertyOrDefault: getDataPropertyOrDefault,
+    thrower: thrower,
+    isArray: es5.isArray,
+    asArray: asArray,
+    notEnumerableProp: notEnumerableProp,
+    isPrimitive: isPrimitive,
+    isObject: isObject,
+    isError: isError,
+    canEvaluate: canEvaluate,
+    errorObj: errorObj,
+    tryCatch: tryCatch,
+    inherits: inherits,
+    withAppended: withAppended,
+    maybeWrapAsError: maybeWrapAsError,
+    toFastProperties: toFastProperties,
+    filledRange: filledRange,
+    toString: safeToString,
+    canAttachTrace: canAttachTrace,
+    ensureErrorObject: ensureErrorObject,
+    originatesFromRejection: originatesFromRejection,
+    markAsOriginatingFromRejection: markAsOriginatingFromRejection,
+    classString: classString,
+    copyDescriptors: copyDescriptors,
+    hasDevTools: typeof chrome !== "undefined" && chrome &&
+                 typeof chrome.loadTimes === "function",
+    isNode: isNode,
+    hasEnvVariables: hasEnvVariables,
+    env: env,
+    global: globalObject,
+    getNativePromise: getNativePromise,
+    domainBind: domainBind
+};
+ret.isRecentNode = ret.isNode && (function() {
+    var version = process.versions.node.split(".").map(Number);
+    return (version[0] === 0 && version[1] > 10) || (version[0] > 0);
+})();
+
+if (ret.isNode) ret.toFastProperties(process);
+
+try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {ret.lastLineError = e;}
+module.exports = ret;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bluebird/package.json b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57b6797f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bluebird/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+{
+  "_from": "bluebird@3.5.1",
+  "_id": "bluebird@3.5.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-MKiLiV+I1AA596t9w1sQJ8jkiSr5+ZKi0WKrYGUn6d1Fx+Ij4tIj+m2WMQSGczs5jZVxV339chE8iwk6F64wjA==",
+  "_location": "/bluebird",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "bluebird@3.5.1",
+    "name": "bluebird",
+    "escapedName": "bluebird",
+    "rawSpec": "3.5.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "3.5.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mquery"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bluebird/-/bluebird-3.5.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d9551f9de98f1fcda1e683d17ee91a0602ee2eb9",
+  "_spec": "bluebird@3.5.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mquery",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Petka Antonov",
+    "email": "petka_antonov@hotmail.com",
+    "url": "http://github.com/petkaantonov/"
+  },
+  "browser": "./js/browser/bluebird.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "http://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Full featured Promises/A+ implementation with exceptionally good performance",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "acorn": "~0.6.0",
+    "baconjs": "^0.7.43",
+    "bluebird": "^2.9.2",
+    "body-parser": "^1.10.2",
+    "browserify": "^8.1.1",
+    "cli-table": "~0.3.1",
+    "co": "^4.2.0",
+    "cross-spawn": "^0.2.3",
+    "glob": "^4.3.2",
+    "grunt-saucelabs": "~8.4.1",
+    "highland": "^2.3.0",
+    "istanbul": "^0.3.5",
+    "jshint": "^2.6.0",
+    "jshint-stylish": "~0.2.0",
+    "kefir": "^2.4.1",
+    "mkdirp": "~0.5.0",
+    "mocha": "~2.1",
+    "open": "~0.0.5",
+    "optimist": "~0.6.1",
+    "rimraf": "~2.2.6",
+    "rx": "^2.3.25",
+    "serve-static": "^1.7.1",
+    "sinon": "~1.7.3",
+    "uglify-js": "~2.4.16"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "js/browser",
+    "js/release",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird",
+  "keywords": [
+    "promise",
+    "performance",
+    "promises",
+    "promises-a",
+    "promises-aplus",
+    "async",
+    "await",
+    "deferred",
+    "deferreds",
+    "future",
+    "flow control",
+    "dsl",
+    "fluent interface"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./js/release/bluebird.js",
+  "name": "bluebird",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "generate-browser-core": "node tools/build.js --features=core --no-debug --release --zalgo --browser --minify && mv js/browser/bluebird.js js/browser/bluebird.core.js && mv js/browser/bluebird.min.js js/browser/bluebird.core.min.js",
+    "generate-browser-full": "node tools/build.js --no-clean --no-debug --release --browser --minify",
+    "istanbul": "istanbul",
+    "lint": "node scripts/jshint.js",
+    "prepublish": "npm run generate-browser-core && npm run generate-browser-full",
+    "test": "node tools/test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "3.5.1",
+  "webpack": "./js/release/bluebird.js"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1d3fbfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+1.19.0 / 2019-04-25
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@3.1.0
+    - Add petabyte (`pb`) support
+  * deps: http-errors@1.7.2
+    - Set constructor name when possible
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.5.0 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
+    - Added encoding MIK
+  * deps: qs@6.7.0
+    - Fix parsing array brackets after index
+  * deps: raw-body@2.4.0
+    - deps: bytes@3.1.0
+    - deps: http-errors@1.7.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.17
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.24
+    - perf: prevent internal `throw` on invalid type
+
+1.18.3 / 2018-05-14
+===================
+
+  * Fix stack trace for strict json parse error
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.3
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.0
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
+    - Fix loading encoding with year appended
+    - Fix deprecation warnings on Node.js 10+
+  * deps: qs@6.5.2
+  * deps: raw-body@2.3.3
+    - deps: http-errors@1.6.3
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.16
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
+
+1.18.2 / 2017-09-22
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.9
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.18.1 / 2017-09-12
+===================
+
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.4
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+    - perf: skip parameter parsing when no parameters
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
+    - Fix ISO-8859-1 regression
+    - Update Windows-1255
+  * deps: qs@6.5.1
+    - Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects
+  * deps: raw-body@2.3.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
+
+1.18.0 / 2017-09-08
+===================
+
+  * Fix JSON strict violation error to match native parse error
+  * Include the `body` property on verify errors
+  * Include the `type` property on all generated errors
+  * Use `http-errors` to set status code on errors
+  * deps: bytes@3.0.0
+  * deps: debug@2.6.8
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.1
+    - Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.2
+    - deps: depd@1.1.1
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
+    - Add support for React Native
+    - Add a warning if not loaded as utf-8
+    - Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 8
+    - Improve speed of ISO-8859-1 encoding
+  * deps: qs@6.5.0
+  * deps: raw-body@2.3.1
+    - Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+    - deps: bytes@3.0.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
+    - perf: skip buffer decoding on overage chunk
+  * perf: prevent internal `throw` when missing charset
+
+1.17.2 / 2017-05-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.7
+    - Fix `DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
+    - deps: ms@2.0.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.15
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.15
+
+1.17.1 / 2017-03-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@6.4.0
+    - Fix regression parsing keys starting with `[`
+
+1.17.0 / 2017-03-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.1
+    - Make `message` property enumerable for `HttpError`s
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.0.3
+  * deps: qs@6.3.1
+    - Fix compacting nested arrays
+
+1.16.1 / 2017-02-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - Fix deprecation messages in WebStorm and other editors
+    - Undeprecate `DEBUG_FD` set to `1` or `2`
+
+1.16.0 / 2017-01-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.0
+    - Allow colors in workers
+    - Deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable
+    - Fix error when running under React Native
+    - Use same color for same namespace
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.5.1
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.3
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.0.2
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
+    - Added encoding MS-31J
+    - Added encoding MS-932
+    - Added encoding MS-936
+    - Added encoding MS-949
+    - Added encoding MS-950
+    - Fix GBK/GB18030 handling of Euro character
+  * deps: qs@6.2.1
+    - Fix array parsing from skipping empty values
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.2.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.14
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.13
+
+1.15.2 / 2016-06-19
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.4.0
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.5.0
+    - Use `setprototypeof` module to replace `__proto__` setting
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.0 < 2'
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: qs@6.2.0
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.7
+    - deps: bytes@2.4.0
+    - perf: remove double-cleanup on happy path
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.13
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
+
+1.15.1 / 2016-05-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.3.0
+    - Drop partial bytes on all parsed units
+    - Fix parsing byte string that looks like hex
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.6
+    - deps: bytes@2.3.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.12
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.10
+
+1.15.0 / 2016-02-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.4.0
+    - Add `HttpError` export, for `err instanceof createError.HttpError`
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.2.1 < 2'
+  * deps: qs@6.1.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.11
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.9
+
+1.14.2 / 2015-12-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.2.0
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
+  * deps: qs@5.2.0
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.5
+    - deps: bytes@2.2.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.10
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.8
+
+1.14.1 / 2015-09-27
+===================
+
+  * Fix issue where invalid charset results in 400 when `verify` used
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
+    - Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 4.x
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.4
+    - Fix masking critical errors from `iconv-lite`
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.9
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.7
+
+1.14.0 / 2015-09-16
+===================
+
+  * Fix JSON strict parse error to match syntax errors
+  * Provide static `require` analysis in `urlencoded` parser
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.0
+    - Support web browser loading
+  * deps: qs@5.1.0
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.3
+    - Fix sync callback when attaching data listener causes sync read
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.8
+    - Fix type error when given invalid type to match against
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.6
+
+1.13.3 / 2015-07-31
+===================
+
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.6
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
+
+1.13.2 / 2015-07-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
+  * deps: qs@4.0.0
+    - Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
+    - Fix user-visible incompatibilities from 3.1.0
+    - Fix various parsing edge cases
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.2
+    - Fix error stack traces to skip `makeError`
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.4
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.13.1 / 2015-06-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.4.2
+    - Downgraded from 3.1.0 because of user-visible incompatibilities
+
+1.13.0 / 2015-06-14
+===================
+
+  * Add `statusCode` property on `Error`s, in addition to `status`
+  * Change `type` default to `application/json` for JSON parser
+  * Change `type` default to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` for urlencoded parser
+  * Provide static `require` analysis
+  * Use the `http-errors` module to generate errors
+  * deps: bytes@2.1.0
+    - Slight optimizations
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
+    - The encoding UTF-16 without BOM now defaults to UTF-16LE when detection fails
+    - Leading BOM is now removed when decoding
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+    - deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+  * deps: qs@3.1.0
+    - Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
+    - Fix various parsing edge cases
+    - Parsed object now has `null` prototype
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.1
+    - Use `unpipe` module for unpiping requests
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
+    - perf: reduce try block size
+    - perf: remove bitwise operations
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * perf: remove delete call
+
+1.12.4 / 2015-05-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.2.0
+  * deps: qs@2.4.2
+    - Fix allowing parameters like `constructor`
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.0.1
+    - Fix a false-positive when unpiping in Node.js 0.8
+    - deps: bytes@2.0.1
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
+
+1.12.3 / 2015-04-15
+===================
+
+  * Slight efficiency improvement when not debugging
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.1
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
+    - Add encoding alias UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.4
+    - Fix hanging callback if request aborts during read
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
+
+1.12.2 / 2015-03-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.4.1
+    - Fix error when parameter `hasOwnProperty` is present
+
+1.12.1 / 2015-03-15
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.1
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
+
+1.12.0 / 2015-02-13
+===================
+
+  * add `debug` messages
+  * accept a function for the `type` option
+  * use `content-type` to parse `Content-Type` headers
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
+    - Gracefully support enumerables on `Object.prototype`
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.3
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.0
+    - fix argument reassignment
+    - fix false-positives in `hasBody` `Transfer-Encoding` check
+    - support wildcard for both type and subtype (`*/*`)
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
+
+1.11.0 / 2015-01-30
+===================
+
+  * make internal `extended: true` depth limit infinity
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.6
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
+
+1.10.2 / 2015-01-20
+===================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
+    - Fix rare aliases of single-byte encodings
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
+
+1.10.1 / 2015-01-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.5
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
+
+1.10.0 / 2014-12-02
+===================
+
+  * make internal `extended: true` array limit dynamic
+
+1.9.3 / 2014-11-21
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
+    - Fix Windows-31J and X-SJIS encoding support
+  * deps: qs@2.3.3
+    - Fix `arrayLimit` behavior
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.1
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
+
+1.9.2 / 2014-10-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.3.2
+    - Fix parsing of mixed objects and values
+
+1.9.1 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+    - Fix handling of pipelined requests
+  * deps: qs@2.3.0
+    - Fix parsing of mixed implicit and explicit arrays
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
+
+1.9.0 / 2014-09-24
+==================
+
+  * include the charset in "unsupported charset" error message
+  * include the encoding in "unsupported content encoding" error message
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.0
+
+1.8.4 / 2014-09-23
+==================
+
+  * fix content encoding to be case-insensitive
+
+1.8.3 / 2014-09-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.4
+    - Fix issue with object keys starting with numbers truncated
+
+1.8.2 / 2014-09-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.5
+
+1.8.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.1
+
+1.8.0 / 2014-09-05
+==================
+
+  * make empty-body-handling consistent between chunked requests
+    - empty `json` produces `{}`
+    - empty `raw` produces `new Buffer(0)`
+    - empty `text` produces `''`
+    - empty `urlencoded` produces `{}`
+  * deps: qs@2.2.3
+    - Fix issue where first empty value in array is discarded
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.0
+    - fix `hasbody` to be true for `content-length: 0`
+
+1.7.0 / 2014-09-01
+==================
+
+  * add `parameterLimit` option to `urlencoded` parser
+  * change `urlencoded` extended array limit to 100
+  * respond with 413 when over `parameterLimit` in `urlencoded`
+
+1.6.7 / 2014-08-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.2
+    - Remove unnecessary cloning
+
+1.6.6 / 2014-08-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.0
+    - Array parsing fix
+    - Performance improvements
+
+1.6.5 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@2.1.0
+
+1.6.4 / 2014-08-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.2
+
+1.6.3 / 2014-08-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.1
+
+1.6.2 / 2014-08-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.0
+    - Fix parsing array of objects
+
+1.6.1 / 2014-08-06
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.1.0
+    - Accept urlencoded square brackets
+    - Accept empty values in implicit array notation
+
+1.6.0 / 2014-08-05
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.0.2
+    - Complete rewrite
+    - Limits array length to 20
+    - Limits object depth to 5
+    - Limits parameters to 1,000
+
+1.5.2 / 2014-07-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.4
+    - Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
+
+1.5.1 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.3
+    - Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
+
+1.5.0 / 2014-07-20
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.2
+    - Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+    - Remove non-standard grey color from color output
+    - Support `--no-deprecation` argument
+    - Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
+    - Added encoding UTF-7
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
+    - Added encoding UTF-7
+    - Fix `Cannot switch to old mode now` error on Node.js 0.10+
+  * deps: type-is@~1.3.2
+
+1.4.3 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: type-is@1.3.1
+    - fix global variable leak
+
+1.4.2 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: type-is@1.3.0
+    - improve type parsing
+
+1.4.1 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * fix urlencoded extended deprecation message
+
+1.4.0 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * add `text` parser
+  * add `raw` parser
+  * check accepted charset in content-type (accepts utf-8)
+  * check accepted encoding in content-encoding (accepts identity)
+  * deprecate `bodyParser()` middleware; use `.json()` and `.urlencoded()` as needed
+  * deprecate `urlencoded()` without provided `extended` option
+  * lazy-load urlencoded parsers
+  * parsers split into files for reduced mem usage
+  * support gzip and deflate bodies
+    - set `inflate: false` to turn off
+  * deps: raw-body@1.2.2
+    - Support all encodings from `iconv-lite`
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: type-is@1.2.1
+    - Switch dependency from mime to mime-types@1.0.0
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-05-31
+==================
+
+  * add `extended` option to urlencoded parser
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: raw-body@1.1.6
+    - assert stream encoding on node.js 0.8
+    - assert stream encoding on node.js < 0.10.6
+    - deps: bytes@1
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-05-26
+==================
+
+  * invoke `next(err)` after request fully read
+    - prevents hung responses and socket hang ups
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+  * add `verify` option
+  * deps: type-is@1.2.0
+    - support suffix matching
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+  * improve json parser speed
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+  * fix repeated limit parsing with every request
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-05-10
+==================
+
+  * add `type` option
+  * deps: pin for safety and consistency
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-04-14
+==================
+
+  * use `type-is` module
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-03-20
+==================
+
+  * lower default limits to 100kb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b7b694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/README.md b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aba6297a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+# body-parser
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Node.js body parsing middleware.
+
+Parse incoming request bodies in a middleware before your handlers, available
+under the `req.body` property.
+
+**Note** As `req.body`'s shape is based on user-controlled input, all
+properties and values in this object are untrusted and should be validated
+before trusting. For example, `req.body.foo.toString()` may fail in multiple
+ways, for example the `foo` property may not be there or may not be a string,
+and `toString` may not be a function and instead a string or other user input.
+
+[Learn about the anatomy of an HTTP transaction in Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/anatomy-of-an-http-transaction/).
+
+_This does not handle multipart bodies_, due to their complex and typically
+large nature. For multipart bodies, you may be interested in the following
+modules:
+
+  * [busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/busboy#readme) and
+    [connect-busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-busboy#readme)
+  * [multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multiparty#readme) and
+    [connect-multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-multiparty#readme)
+  * [formidable](https://www.npmjs.org/package/formidable#readme)
+  * [multer](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multer#readme)
+
+This module provides the following parsers:
+
+  * [JSON body parser](#bodyparserjsonoptions)
+  * [Raw body parser](#bodyparserrawoptions)
+  * [Text body parser](#bodyparsertextoptions)
+  * [URL-encoded form body parser](#bodyparserurlencodedoptions)
+
+Other body parsers you might be interested in:
+
+- [body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/body#readme)
+- [co-body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/co-body#readme)
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install body-parser
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+```
+
+The `bodyParser` object exposes various factories to create middlewares. All
+middlewares will populate the `req.body` property with the parsed body when
+the `Content-Type` request header matches the `type` option, or an empty
+object (`{}`) if there was no body to parse, the `Content-Type` was not matched,
+or an error occurred.
+
+The various errors returned by this module are described in the
+[errors section](#errors).
+
+### bodyParser.json([options])
+
+Returns middleware that only parses `json` and only looks at requests where
+the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This parser accepts any
+Unicode encoding of the body and supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and
+`deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`).
+
+#### Options
+
+The `json` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
+the following keys:
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### reviver
+
+The `reviver` option is passed directly to `JSON.parse` as the second
+argument. You can find more information on this argument
+[in the MDN documentation about JSON.parse](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/parse#Example.3A_Using_the_reviver_parameter).
+
+##### strict
+
+When set to `true`, will only accept arrays and objects; when `false` will
+accept anything `JSON.parse` accepts. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not a
+function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
+be an extension name (like `json`), a mime type (like `application/json`), or
+a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `*/json`). If a function, the `type`
+option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy
+value. Defaults to `application/json`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+### bodyParser.raw([options])
+
+Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a `Buffer` and only looks at
+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
+parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a `Buffer` object
+of the body.
+
+#### Options
+
+The `raw` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
+the following keys:
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function.
+If not a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this
+can be an extension name (like `bin`), a mime type (like
+`application/octet-stream`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or
+`application/*`). If a function, the `type` option is called as `fn(req)`
+and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults to
+`application/octet-stream`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+### bodyParser.text([options])
+
+Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a string and only looks at
+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
+parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` string containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a string of the
+body.
+
+#### Options
+
+The `text` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
+the following keys:
+
+##### defaultCharset
+
+Specify the default character set for the text content if the charset is not
+specified in the `Content-Type` header of the request. Defaults to `utf-8`.
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
+a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
+be an extension name (like `txt`), a mime type (like `text/plain`), or a mime
+type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `text/*`). If a function, the `type`
+option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a
+truthy value. Defaults to `text/plain`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+### bodyParser.urlencoded([options])
+
+Returns middleware that only parses `urlencoded` bodies and only looks at
+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
+parser accepts only UTF-8 encoding of the body and supports automatic
+inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This object will contain
+key-value pairs, where the value can be a string or array (when `extended` is
+`false`), or any type (when `extended` is `true`).
+
+#### Options
+
+The `urlencoded` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain
+any of the following keys:
+
+##### extended
+
+The `extended` option allows to choose between parsing the URL-encoded data
+with the `querystring` library (when `false`) or the `qs` library (when
+`true`). The "extended" syntax allows for rich objects and arrays to be
+encoded into the URL-encoded format, allowing for a JSON-like experience
+with URL-encoded. For more information, please
+[see the qs library](https://www.npmjs.org/package/qs#readme).
+
+Defaults to `true`, but using the default has been deprecated. Please
+research into the difference between `qs` and `querystring` and choose the
+appropriate setting.
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### parameterLimit
+
+The `parameterLimit` option controls the maximum number of parameters that
+are allowed in the URL-encoded data. If a request contains more parameters
+than this value, a 413 will be returned to the client. Defaults to `1000`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
+a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
+be an extension name (like `urlencoded`), a mime type (like
+`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like
+`*/x-www-form-urlencoded`). If a function, the `type` option is called as
+`fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults
+to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+## Errors
+
+The middlewares provided by this module create errors depending on the error
+condition during parsing. The errors will typically have a `status`/`statusCode`
+property that contains the suggested HTTP response code, an `expose` property
+to determine if the `message` property should be displayed to the client, a
+`type` property to determine the type of error without matching against the
+`message`, and a `body` property containing the read body, if available.
+
+The following are the common errors emitted, though any error can come through
+for various reasons.
+
+### content encoding unsupported
+
+This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
+contained an encoding but the "inflation" option was set to `false`. The
+`status` property is set to `415`, the `type` property is set to
+`'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property will be set to the
+encoding that is unsupported.
+
+### request aborted
+
+This error will occur when the request is aborted by the client before reading
+the body has finished. The `received` property will be set to the number of
+bytes received before the request was aborted and the `expected` property is
+set to the number of expected bytes. The `status` property is set to `400`
+and `type` property is set to `'request.aborted'`.
+
+### request entity too large
+
+This error will occur when the request body's size is larger than the "limit"
+option. The `limit` property will be set to the byte limit and the `length`
+property will be set to the request body's length. The `status` property is
+set to `413` and the `type` property is set to `'entity.too.large'`.
+
+### request size did not match content length
+
+This error will occur when the request's length did not match the length from
+the `Content-Length` header. This typically occurs when the request is malformed,
+typically when the `Content-Length` header was calculated based on characters
+instead of bytes. The `status` property is set to `400` and the `type` property
+is set to `'request.size.invalid'`.
+
+### stream encoding should not be set
+
+This error will occur when something called the `req.setEncoding` method prior
+to this middleware. This module operates directly on bytes only and you cannot
+call `req.setEncoding` when using this module. The `status` property is set to
+`500` and the `type` property is set to `'stream.encoding.set'`.
+
+### too many parameters
+
+This error will occur when the content of the request exceeds the configured
+`parameterLimit` for the `urlencoded` parser. The `status` property is set to
+`413` and the `type` property is set to `'parameters.too.many'`.
+
+### unsupported charset "BOGUS"
+
+This error will occur when the request had a charset parameter in the
+`Content-Type` header, but the `iconv-lite` module does not support it OR the
+parser does not support it. The charset is contained in the message as well
+as in the `charset` property. The `status` property is set to `415`, the
+`type` property is set to `'charset.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property
+is set to the charset that is unsupported.
+
+### unsupported content encoding "bogus"
+
+This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
+contained an unsupported encoding. The encoding is contained in the message
+as well as in the `encoding` property. The `status` property is set to `415`,
+the `type` property is set to `'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `encoding`
+property is set to the encoding that is unsupported.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Express/Connect top-level generic
+
+This example demonstrates adding a generic JSON and URL-encoded parser as a
+top-level middleware, which will parse the bodies of all incoming requests.
+This is the simplest setup.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+
+var app = express()
+
+// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
+
+// parse application/json
+app.use(bodyParser.json())
+
+app.use(function (req, res) {
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
+  res.write('you posted:\n')
+  res.end(JSON.stringify(req.body, null, 2))
+})
+```
+
+### Express route-specific
+
+This example demonstrates adding body parsers specifically to the routes that
+need them. In general, this is the most recommended way to use body-parser with
+Express.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+
+var app = express()
+
+// create application/json parser
+var jsonParser = bodyParser.json()
+
+// create application/x-www-form-urlencoded parser
+var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })
+
+// POST /login gets urlencoded bodies
+app.post('/login', urlencodedParser, function (req, res) {
+  res.send('welcome, ' + req.body.username)
+})
+
+// POST /api/users gets JSON bodies
+app.post('/api/users', jsonParser, function (req, res) {
+  // create user in req.body
+})
+```
+
+### Change accepted type for parsers
+
+All the parsers accept a `type` option which allows you to change the
+`Content-Type` that the middleware will parse.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+
+var app = express()
+
+// parse various different custom JSON types as JSON
+app.use(bodyParser.json({ type: 'application/*+json' }))
+
+// parse some custom thing into a Buffer
+app.use(bodyParser.raw({ type: 'application/vnd.custom-type' }))
+
+// parse an HTML body into a string
+app.use(bodyParser.text({ type: 'text/html' }))
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/body-parser.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/expressjs/body-parser/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/body-parser
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/expressjs/body-parser/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/body-parser?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/body-parser.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/index.js b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93c3a1fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var deprecate = require('depd')('body-parser')
+
+/**
+ * Cache of loaded parsers.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var parsers = Object.create(null)
+
+/**
+ * @typedef Parsers
+ * @type {function}
+ * @property {function} json
+ * @property {function} raw
+ * @property {function} text
+ * @property {function} urlencoded
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @type {Parsers}
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = deprecate.function(bodyParser,
+  'bodyParser: use individual json/urlencoded middlewares')
+
+/**
+ * JSON parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'json', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('json')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Raw parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'raw', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('raw')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Text parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'text', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('text')
+})
+
+/**
+ * URL-encoded parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'urlencoded', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('urlencoded')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse json and urlencoded bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @deprecated
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function bodyParser (options) {
+  var opts = {}
+
+  // exclude type option
+  if (options) {
+    for (var prop in options) {
+      if (prop !== 'type') {
+        opts[prop] = options[prop]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  var _urlencoded = exports.urlencoded(opts)
+  var _json = exports.json(opts)
+
+  return function bodyParser (req, res, next) {
+    _json(req, res, function (err) {
+      if (err) return next(err)
+      _urlencoded(req, res, next)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a getter for loading a parser.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createParserGetter (name) {
+  return function get () {
+    return loadParser(name)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load a parser module.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function loadParser (parserName) {
+  var parser = parsers[parserName]
+
+  if (parser !== undefined) {
+    return parser
+  }
+
+  // this uses a switch for static require analysis
+  switch (parserName) {
+    case 'json':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/json')
+      break
+    case 'raw':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/raw')
+      break
+    case 'text':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/text')
+      break
+    case 'urlencoded':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/urlencoded')
+      break
+  }
+
+  // store to prevent invoking require()
+  return (parsers[parserName] = parser)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/read.js b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/read.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c10260958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/read.js
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var getBody = require('raw-body')
+var iconv = require('iconv-lite')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+var zlib = require('zlib')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = read
+
+/**
+ * Read a request into a buffer and parse.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @param {function} next
+ * @param {function} parse
+ * @param {function} debug
+ * @param {object} options
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function read (req, res, next, parse, debug, options) {
+  var length
+  var opts = options
+  var stream
+
+  // flag as parsed
+  req._body = true
+
+  // read options
+  var encoding = opts.encoding !== null
+    ? opts.encoding
+    : null
+  var verify = opts.verify
+
+  try {
+    // get the content stream
+    stream = contentstream(req, debug, opts.inflate)
+    length = stream.length
+    stream.length = undefined
+  } catch (err) {
+    return next(err)
+  }
+
+  // set raw-body options
+  opts.length = length
+  opts.encoding = verify
+    ? null
+    : encoding
+
+  // assert charset is supported
+  if (opts.encoding === null && encoding !== null && !iconv.encodingExists(encoding)) {
+    return next(createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + encoding.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+      charset: encoding.toLowerCase(),
+      type: 'charset.unsupported'
+    }))
+  }
+
+  // read body
+  debug('read body')
+  getBody(stream, opts, function (error, body) {
+    if (error) {
+      var _error
+
+      if (error.type === 'encoding.unsupported') {
+        // echo back charset
+        _error = createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + encoding.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+          charset: encoding.toLowerCase(),
+          type: 'charset.unsupported'
+        })
+      } else {
+        // set status code on error
+        _error = createError(400, error)
+      }
+
+      // read off entire request
+      stream.resume()
+      onFinished(req, function onfinished () {
+        next(createError(400, _error))
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    // verify
+    if (verify) {
+      try {
+        debug('verify body')
+        verify(req, res, body, encoding)
+      } catch (err) {
+        next(createError(403, err, {
+          body: body,
+          type: err.type || 'entity.verify.failed'
+        }))
+        return
+      }
+    }
+
+    // parse
+    var str = body
+    try {
+      debug('parse body')
+      str = typeof body !== 'string' && encoding !== null
+        ? iconv.decode(body, encoding)
+        : body
+      req.body = parse(str)
+    } catch (err) {
+      next(createError(400, err, {
+        body: str,
+        type: err.type || 'entity.parse.failed'
+      }))
+      return
+    }
+
+    next()
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the content stream of the request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @param {function} debug
+ * @param {boolean} [inflate=true]
+ * @return {object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function contentstream (req, debug, inflate) {
+  var encoding = (req.headers['content-encoding'] || 'identity').toLowerCase()
+  var length = req.headers['content-length']
+  var stream
+
+  debug('content-encoding "%s"', encoding)
+
+  if (inflate === false && encoding !== 'identity') {
+    throw createError(415, 'content encoding unsupported', {
+      encoding: encoding,
+      type: 'encoding.unsupported'
+    })
+  }
+
+  switch (encoding) {
+    case 'deflate':
+      stream = zlib.createInflate()
+      debug('inflate body')
+      req.pipe(stream)
+      break
+    case 'gzip':
+      stream = zlib.createGunzip()
+      debug('gunzip body')
+      req.pipe(stream)
+      break
+    case 'identity':
+      stream = req
+      stream.length = length
+      break
+    default:
+      throw createError(415, 'unsupported content encoding "' + encoding + '"', {
+        encoding: encoding,
+        type: 'encoding.unsupported'
+      })
+  }
+
+  return stream
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/json.js b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/json.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2971dc14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/json.js
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:json')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = json
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match the first non-space in a string.
+ *
+ * Allowed whitespace is defined in RFC 7159:
+ *
+ *    ws = *(
+ *            %x20 /              ; Space
+ *            %x09 /              ; Horizontal tab
+ *            %x0A /              ; Line feed or New line
+ *            %x0D )              ; Carriage return
+ */
+
+var FIRST_CHAR_REGEXP = /^[\x20\x09\x0a\x0d]*(.)/ // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse JSON bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function json (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
+    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
+    : opts.limit
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var reviver = opts.reviver
+  var strict = opts.strict !== false
+  var type = opts.type || 'application/json'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (body) {
+    if (body.length === 0) {
+      // special-case empty json body, as it's a common client-side mistake
+      // TODO: maybe make this configurable or part of "strict" option
+      return {}
+    }
+
+    if (strict) {
+      var first = firstchar(body)
+
+      if (first !== '{' && first !== '[') {
+        debug('strict violation')
+        throw createStrictSyntaxError(body, first)
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      debug('parse json')
+      return JSON.parse(body, reviver)
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw normalizeJsonSyntaxError(e, {
+        message: e.message,
+        stack: e.stack
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return function jsonParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // assert charset per RFC 7159 sec 8.1
+    var charset = getCharset(req) || 'utf-8'
+    if (charset.substr(0, 4) !== 'utf-') {
+      debug('invalid charset')
+      next(createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + charset.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+        charset: charset,
+        type: 'charset.unsupported'
+      }))
+      return
+    }
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      encoding: charset,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create strict violation syntax error matching native error.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @param {string} char
+ * @return {Error}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createStrictSyntaxError (str, char) {
+  var index = str.indexOf(char)
+  var partial = str.substring(0, index) + '#'
+
+  try {
+    JSON.parse(partial); /* istanbul ignore next */ throw new SyntaxError('strict violation')
+  } catch (e) {
+    return normalizeJsonSyntaxError(e, {
+      message: e.message.replace('#', char),
+      stack: e.stack
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the first non-whitespace character in a string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function firstchar (str) {
+  return FIRST_CHAR_REGEXP.exec(str)[1]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a SyntaxError for JSON.parse.
+ *
+ * @param {SyntaxError} error
+ * @param {object} obj
+ * @return {SyntaxError}
+ */
+
+function normalizeJsonSyntaxError (error, obj) {
+  var keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    var key = keys[i]
+    if (key !== 'stack' && key !== 'message') {
+      delete error[key]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // replace stack before message for Node.js 0.10 and below
+  error.stack = obj.stack.replace(error.message, obj.message)
+  error.message = obj.message
+
+  return error
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/raw.js b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/raw.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5d1b6747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/raw.js
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:raw')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = raw
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse raw bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function raw (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
+    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
+    : opts.limit
+  var type = opts.type || 'application/octet-stream'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (buf) {
+    return buf
+  }
+
+  return function rawParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      encoding: null,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/text.js b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/text.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..083a00908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/text.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:text')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = text
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse text bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function text (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  var defaultCharset = opts.defaultCharset || 'utf-8'
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
+    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
+    : opts.limit
+  var type = opts.type || 'text/plain'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (buf) {
+    return buf
+  }
+
+  return function textParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // get charset
+    var charset = getCharset(req) || defaultCharset
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      encoding: charset,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/urlencoded.js b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/urlencoded.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2ca8f16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/lib/types/urlencoded.js
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:urlencoded')
+var deprecate = require('depd')('body-parser')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = urlencoded
+
+/**
+ * Cache of parser modules.
+ */
+
+var parsers = Object.create(null)
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse urlencoded bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function urlencoded (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  // notice because option default will flip in next major
+  if (opts.extended === undefined) {
+    deprecate('undefined extended: provide extended option')
+  }
+
+  var extended = opts.extended !== false
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
+    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
+    : opts.limit
+  var type = opts.type || 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate query parser
+  var queryparse = extended
+    ? extendedparser(opts)
+    : simpleparser(opts)
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (body) {
+    return body.length
+      ? queryparse(body)
+      : {}
+  }
+
+  return function urlencodedParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // assert charset
+    var charset = getCharset(req) || 'utf-8'
+    if (charset !== 'utf-8') {
+      debug('invalid charset')
+      next(createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + charset.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+        charset: charset,
+        type: 'charset.unsupported'
+      }))
+      return
+    }
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      debug: debug,
+      encoding: charset,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the extended query parser.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ */
+
+function extendedparser (options) {
+  var parameterLimit = options.parameterLimit !== undefined
+    ? options.parameterLimit
+    : 1000
+  var parse = parser('qs')
+
+  if (isNaN(parameterLimit) || parameterLimit < 1) {
+    throw new TypeError('option parameterLimit must be a positive number')
+  }
+
+  if (isFinite(parameterLimit)) {
+    parameterLimit = parameterLimit | 0
+  }
+
+  return function queryparse (body) {
+    var paramCount = parameterCount(body, parameterLimit)
+
+    if (paramCount === undefined) {
+      debug('too many parameters')
+      throw createError(413, 'too many parameters', {
+        type: 'parameters.too.many'
+      })
+    }
+
+    var arrayLimit = Math.max(100, paramCount)
+
+    debug('parse extended urlencoding')
+    return parse(body, {
+      allowPrototypes: true,
+      arrayLimit: arrayLimit,
+      depth: Infinity,
+      parameterLimit: parameterLimit
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count the number of parameters, stopping once limit reached
+ *
+ * @param {string} body
+ * @param {number} limit
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parameterCount (body, limit) {
+  var count = 0
+  var index = 0
+
+  while ((index = body.indexOf('&', index)) !== -1) {
+    count++
+    index++
+
+    if (count === limit) {
+      return undefined
+    }
+  }
+
+  return count
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get parser for module name dynamically.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name
+ * @return {function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parser (name) {
+  var mod = parsers[name]
+
+  if (mod !== undefined) {
+    return mod.parse
+  }
+
+  // this uses a switch for static require analysis
+  switch (name) {
+    case 'qs':
+      mod = require('qs')
+      break
+    case 'querystring':
+      mod = require('querystring')
+      break
+  }
+
+  // store to prevent invoking require()
+  parsers[name] = mod
+
+  return mod.parse
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple query parser.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ */
+
+function simpleparser (options) {
+  var parameterLimit = options.parameterLimit !== undefined
+    ? options.parameterLimit
+    : 1000
+  var parse = parser('querystring')
+
+  if (isNaN(parameterLimit) || parameterLimit < 1) {
+    throw new TypeError('option parameterLimit must be a positive number')
+  }
+
+  if (isFinite(parameterLimit)) {
+    parameterLimit = parameterLimit | 0
+  }
+
+  return function queryparse (body) {
+    var paramCount = parameterCount(body, parameterLimit)
+
+    if (paramCount === undefined) {
+      debug('too many parameters')
+      throw createError(413, 'too many parameters', {
+        type: 'parameters.too.many'
+      })
+    }
+
+    debug('parse urlencoding')
+    return parse(body, undefined, undefined, { maxKeys: parameterLimit })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/body-parser/package.json b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84eeeec31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/body-parser/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "_from": "body-parser@1.19.0",
+  "_id": "body-parser@1.19.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-dhEPs72UPbDnAQJ9ZKMNTP6ptJaionhP5cBb541nXPlW60Jepo9RV/a4fX4XWW9CuFNK22krhrj1+rgzifNCsw==",
+  "_location": "/body-parser",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "body-parser@1.19.0",
+    "name": "body-parser",
+    "escapedName": "body-parser",
+    "rawSpec": "1.19.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.19.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/body-parser/-/body-parser-1.19.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "96b2709e57c9c4e09a6fd66a8fd979844f69f08a",
+  "_spec": "body-parser@1.19.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "bytes": "3.1.0",
+    "content-type": "~1.0.4",
+    "debug": "2.6.9",
+    "depd": "~1.1.2",
+    "http-errors": "1.7.2",
+    "iconv-lite": "0.4.24",
+    "on-finished": "~2.3.0",
+    "qs": "6.7.0",
+    "raw-body": "2.4.0",
+    "type-is": "~1.6.17"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js body parsing middleware",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "methods": "1.1.2",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2",
+    "supertest": "4.0.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "body-parser",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.19.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de3226673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber <julian@juliangruber.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/README.md b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b4e0e164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# brace-expansion
+
+[Brace expansion](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Brace-Expansion.html), 
+as known from sh/bash, in JavaScript.
+
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/juliangruber/brace-expansion.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/juliangruber/brace-expansion)
+[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/brace-expansion.svg)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/brace-expansion)
+[![Greenkeeper badge](https://badges.greenkeeper.io/juliangruber/brace-expansion.svg)](https://greenkeeper.io/)
+
+[![testling badge](https://ci.testling.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion.png)](https://ci.testling.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion)
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var expand = require('brace-expansion');
+
+expand('file-{a,b,c}.jpg')
+// => ['file-a.jpg', 'file-b.jpg', 'file-c.jpg']
+
+expand('-v{,,}')
+// => ['-v', '-v', '-v']
+
+expand('file{0..2}.jpg')
+// => ['file0.jpg', 'file1.jpg', 'file2.jpg']
+
+expand('file-{a..c}.jpg')
+// => ['file-a.jpg', 'file-b.jpg', 'file-c.jpg']
+
+expand('file{2..0}.jpg')
+// => ['file2.jpg', 'file1.jpg', 'file0.jpg']
+
+expand('file{0..4..2}.jpg')
+// => ['file0.jpg', 'file2.jpg', 'file4.jpg']
+
+expand('file-{a..e..2}.jpg')
+// => ['file-a.jpg', 'file-c.jpg', 'file-e.jpg']
+
+expand('file{00..10..5}.jpg')
+// => ['file00.jpg', 'file05.jpg', 'file10.jpg']
+
+expand('{{A..C},{a..c}}')
+// => ['A', 'B', 'C', 'a', 'b', 'c']
+
+expand('ppp{,config,oe{,conf}}')
+// => ['ppp', 'pppconfig', 'pppoe', 'pppoeconf']
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var expand = require('brace-expansion');
+```
+
+### var expanded = expand(str)
+
+Return an array of all possible and valid expansions of `str`. If none are
+found, `[str]` is returned.
+
+Valid expansions are:
+
+```js
+/^(.*,)+(.+)?$/
+// {a,b,...}
+```
+
+A comma separated list of options, like `{a,b}` or `{a,{b,c}}` or `{,a,}`.
+
+```js
+/^-?\d+\.\.-?\d+(\.\.-?\d+)?$/
+// {x..y[..incr]}
+```
+
+A numeric sequence from `x` to `y` inclusive, with optional increment.
+If `x` or `y` start with a leading `0`, all the numbers will be padded
+to have equal length. Negative numbers and backwards iteration work too.
+
+```js
+/^-?\d+\.\.-?\d+(\.\.-?\d+)?$/
+// {x..y[..incr]}
+```
+
+An alphabetic sequence from `x` to `y` inclusive, with optional increment.
+`x` and `y` must be exactly one character, and if given, `incr` must be a
+number.
+
+For compatibility reasons, the string `${` is not eligible for brace expansion.
+
+## Installation
+
+With [npm](https://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```bash
+npm install brace-expansion
+```
+
+## Contributors
+
+- [Julian Gruber](https://github.com/juliangruber)
+- [Isaac Z. Schlueter](https://github.com/isaacs)
+
+## Sponsors
+
+This module is proudly supported by my [Sponsors](https://github.com/juliangruber/sponsors)!
+
+Do you want to support modules like this to improve their quality, stability and weigh in on new features? Then please consider donating to my [Patreon](https://www.patreon.com/juliangruber). Not sure how much of my modules you're using? Try [feross/thanks](https://github.com/feross/thanks)!
+
+## License
+
+(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber &lt;julian@juliangruber.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/index.js b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0478be81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+var concatMap = require('concat-map');
+var balanced = require('balanced-match');
+
+module.exports = expandTop;
+
+var escSlash = '\0SLASH'+Math.random()+'\0';
+var escOpen = '\0OPEN'+Math.random()+'\0';
+var escClose = '\0CLOSE'+Math.random()+'\0';
+var escComma = '\0COMMA'+Math.random()+'\0';
+var escPeriod = '\0PERIOD'+Math.random()+'\0';
+
+function numeric(str) {
+  return parseInt(str, 10) == str
+    ? parseInt(str, 10)
+    : str.charCodeAt(0);
+}
+
+function escapeBraces(str) {
+  return str.split('\\\\').join(escSlash)
+            .split('\\{').join(escOpen)
+            .split('\\}').join(escClose)
+            .split('\\,').join(escComma)
+            .split('\\.').join(escPeriod);
+}
+
+function unescapeBraces(str) {
+  return str.split(escSlash).join('\\')
+            .split(escOpen).join('{')
+            .split(escClose).join('}')
+            .split(escComma).join(',')
+            .split(escPeriod).join('.');
+}
+
+
+// Basically just str.split(","), but handling cases
+// where we have nested braced sections, which should be
+// treated as individual members, like {a,{b,c},d}
+function parseCommaParts(str) {
+  if (!str)
+    return [''];
+
+  var parts = [];
+  var m = balanced('{', '}', str);
+
+  if (!m)
+    return str.split(',');
+
+  var pre = m.pre;
+  var body = m.body;
+  var post = m.post;
+  var p = pre.split(',');
+
+  p[p.length-1] += '{' + body + '}';
+  var postParts = parseCommaParts(post);
+  if (post.length) {
+    p[p.length-1] += postParts.shift();
+    p.push.apply(p, postParts);
+  }
+
+  parts.push.apply(parts, p);
+
+  return parts;
+}
+
+function expandTop(str) {
+  if (!str)
+    return [];
+
+  // I don't know why Bash 4.3 does this, but it does.
+  // Anything starting with {} will have the first two bytes preserved
+  // but *only* at the top level, so {},a}b will not expand to anything,
+  // but a{},b}c will be expanded to [a}c,abc].
+  // One could argue that this is a bug in Bash, but since the goal of
+  // this module is to match Bash's rules, we escape a leading {}
+  if (str.substr(0, 2) === '{}') {
+    str = '\\{\\}' + str.substr(2);
+  }
+
+  return expand(escapeBraces(str), true).map(unescapeBraces);
+}
+
+function identity(e) {
+  return e;
+}
+
+function embrace(str) {
+  return '{' + str + '}';
+}
+function isPadded(el) {
+  return /^-?0\d/.test(el);
+}
+
+function lte(i, y) {
+  return i <= y;
+}
+function gte(i, y) {
+  return i >= y;
+}
+
+function expand(str, isTop) {
+  var expansions = [];
+
+  var m = balanced('{', '}', str);
+  if (!m || /\$$/.test(m.pre)) return [str];
+
+  var isNumericSequence = /^-?\d+\.\.-?\d+(?:\.\.-?\d+)?$/.test(m.body);
+  var isAlphaSequence = /^[a-zA-Z]\.\.[a-zA-Z](?:\.\.-?\d+)?$/.test(m.body);
+  var isSequence = isNumericSequence || isAlphaSequence;
+  var isOptions = m.body.indexOf(',') >= 0;
+  if (!isSequence && !isOptions) {
+    // {a},b}
+    if (m.post.match(/,.*\}/)) {
+      str = m.pre + '{' + m.body + escClose + m.post;
+      return expand(str);
+    }
+    return [str];
+  }
+
+  var n;
+  if (isSequence) {
+    n = m.body.split(/\.\./);
+  } else {
+    n = parseCommaParts(m.body);
+    if (n.length === 1) {
+      // x{{a,b}}y ==> x{a}y x{b}y
+      n = expand(n[0], false).map(embrace);
+      if (n.length === 1) {
+        var post = m.post.length
+          ? expand(m.post, false)
+          : [''];
+        return post.map(function(p) {
+          return m.pre + n[0] + p;
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // at this point, n is the parts, and we know it's not a comma set
+  // with a single entry.
+
+  // no need to expand pre, since it is guaranteed to be free of brace-sets
+  var pre = m.pre;
+  var post = m.post.length
+    ? expand(m.post, false)
+    : [''];
+
+  var N;
+
+  if (isSequence) {
+    var x = numeric(n[0]);
+    var y = numeric(n[1]);
+    var width = Math.max(n[0].length, n[1].length)
+    var incr = n.length == 3
+      ? Math.abs(numeric(n[2]))
+      : 1;
+    var test = lte;
+    var reverse = y < x;
+    if (reverse) {
+      incr *= -1;
+      test = gte;
+    }
+    var pad = n.some(isPadded);
+
+    N = [];
+
+    for (var i = x; test(i, y); i += incr) {
+      var c;
+      if (isAlphaSequence) {
+        c = String.fromCharCode(i);
+        if (c === '\\')
+          c = '';
+      } else {
+        c = String(i);
+        if (pad) {
+          var need = width - c.length;
+          if (need > 0) {
+            var z = new Array(need + 1).join('0');
+            if (i < 0)
+              c = '-' + z + c.slice(1);
+            else
+              c = z + c;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      N.push(c);
+    }
+  } else {
+    N = concatMap(n, function(el) { return expand(el, false) });
+  }
+
+  for (var j = 0; j < N.length; j++) {
+    for (var k = 0; k < post.length; k++) {
+      var expansion = pre + N[j] + post[k];
+      if (!isTop || isSequence || expansion)
+        expansions.push(expansion);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return expansions;
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/package.json b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64628eef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/brace-expansion/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "_from": "brace-expansion@^1.1.7",
+  "_id": "brace-expansion@1.1.11",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-iCuPHDFgrHX7H2vEI/5xpz07zSHB00TpugqhmYtVmMO6518mCuRMoOYFldEBl0g187ufozdaHgWKcYFb61qGiA==",
+  "_location": "/brace-expansion",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "brace-expansion@^1.1.7",
+    "name": "brace-expansion",
+    "escapedName": "brace-expansion",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.1.7",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.1.7"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/minimatch"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.11.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3c7fcbf529d87226f3d2f52b966ff5271eb441dd",
+  "_spec": "brace-expansion@^1.1.7",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\minimatch",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
+    "concat-map": "0.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Brace expansion as known from sh/bash",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "matcha": "^0.7.0",
+    "tape": "^4.6.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion",
+  "keywords": [],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "brace-expansion",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "matcha test/perf/bench.js",
+    "gentest": "bash test/generate.sh",
+    "test": "tape test/*.js"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test/*.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/8..latest",
+      "firefox/20..latest",
+      "firefox/nightly",
+      "chrome/25..latest",
+      "chrome/canary",
+      "opera/12..latest",
+      "opera/next",
+      "safari/5.1..latest",
+      "ipad/6.0..latest",
+      "iphone/6.0..latest",
+      "android-browser/4.2..latest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.11"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/brcypt/README.md b/backend/node_modules/brcypt/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2118441e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/brcypt/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+this is an experiment.
+
+if you are looking for the [real bcrypt module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bcrypt), you should go here: https://www.npmjs.com/package/bcrypt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/brcypt/package.json b/backend/node_modules/brcypt/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7db0cc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/brcypt/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "_from": "brcypt",
+  "_id": "brcypt@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-L+V4j4XCYkz/HHqGG1hvjbvH/H4=",
+  "_location": "/brcypt",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "tag",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "brcypt",
+    "name": "brcypt",
+    "escapedName": "brcypt",
+    "rawSpec": "",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "latest"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brcypt/-/brcypt-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2fe5788f85c2624cff1c7a861b586f8dbbc7fc7e",
+  "_spec": "brcypt",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": "",
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "this is an experiment.",
+  "keywords": [],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "brcypt",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/bson/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8d5d207e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
+
+### [1.1.6](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.1.5...v1.1.6) (2021-03-16)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Throw error on bigint usage and add helpers to Long ([#426](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/issues/426)) ([375f368](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/375f368738807f2d41c7751e618fd09c8a1b94c9))
+
+### [1.1.5](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.1.4...v1.1.5) (2020-08-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **object-id:** harden the duck-typing ([b526145](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/b5261450c3bc4abb2e2fb19b5b1a7aba27982d44))
+
+<a name="1.1.3"></a>
+## [1.1.3](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.1.2...v1.1.3) (2019-11-09)
+
+Reverts 1.1.2
+
+<a name="1.1.2"></a>
+## [1.1.2](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.1.1...v1.1.2) (2019-11-08)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **_bsontype:** only check bsontype if it is a prototype member. ([dd8a349](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/dd8a349))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.1"></a>
+## [1.1.1](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.1.0...v1.1.1) (2019-03-08)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **object-id:** support 4.x->1.x interop for MinKey and ObjectId ([53419a5](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/53419a5))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* replace new Buffer with modern versions ([24aefba](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/24aefba))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.0"></a>
+# [1.1.0](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.0.9...v1.1.0) (2018-08-13)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **serializer:** do not use checkKeys for $clusterTime ([573e141](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/573e141))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.9"></a>
+## [1.0.9](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.0.8...v1.0.9) (2018-06-07)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **serializer:** remove use of `const` ([5feb12f](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/5feb12f))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.7"></a>
+## [1.0.7](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.0.6...v1.0.7) (2018-06-06)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **binary:** add type checking for buffer ([26b05b5](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/26b05b5))
+* **bson:** fix custom inspect property ([080323b](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/080323b))
+* **readme:** clarify documentation about deserialize methods ([20f764c](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/20f764c))
+* **serialization:** normalize function stringification ([1320c10](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/1320c10))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.6"></a>
+## [1.0.6](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/compare/v1.0.5...v1.0.6) (2018-03-12)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **serialization:** support arbitrary sizes for the internal serialization buffer ([abe97bc](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/abe97bc))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.5"></a>
+## 1.0.5 (2018-02-26)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **decimal128:** add basic guard against REDOS attacks ([bd61c45](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/bd61c45))
+* **objectid:** if pid is 1, use random value ([e188ae6](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/e188ae6))
+
+
+
+1.0.4 2016-01-11
+----------------
+- #204 remove Buffer.from as it's partially broken in early 4.x.x. series of node releases.
+
+1.0.3 2016-01-03
+----------------
+- Fixed toString for ObjectId so it will work with inspect.
+
+1.0.2 2016-01-02
+----------------
+- Minor optimizations for ObjectID to use Buffer.from where available.
+
+1.0.1 2016-12-06
+----------------
+- Reverse behavior for undefined to be serialized as NULL. MongoDB 3.4 does not allow for undefined comparisons.
+
+1.0.0 2016-12-06
+----------------
+- Introduced new BSON API and documentation.
+
+0.5.7 2016-11-18
+-----------------
+- NODE-848 BSON Regex flags must be alphabetically ordered.
+
+0.5.6 2016-10-19
+-----------------
+- NODE-833, Detects cyclic dependencies in documents and throws error if one is found.
+- Fix(deserializer): corrected the check for (size + index) comparison… (Issue #195, https://github.com/JoelParke).
+
+0.5.5 2016-09-15
+-----------------
+- Added DBPointer up conversion to DBRef
+
+0.5.4 2016-08-23
+-----------------
+- Added promoteValues flag (default to true) allowing user to specify if deserialization should be into wrapper classes only.
+
+0.5.3 2016-07-11
+-----------------
+- Throw error if ObjectId is not a string or a buffer.
+
+0.5.2 2016-07-11
+-----------------
+- All values encoded big-endian style for ObjectId.
+
+0.5.1 2016-07-11
+-----------------
+- Fixed encoding/decoding issue in ObjectId timestamp generation.
+- Removed BinaryParser dependency from the serializer/deserializer.
+
+0.5.0 2016-07-05
+-----------------
+- Added Decimal128 type and extended test suite to include entire bson corpus.
+
+0.4.23 2016-04-08
+-----------------
+- Allow for proper detection of ObjectId or objects that look like ObjectId, improving compatibility across third party libraries.
+- Remove one package from dependency due to having been pulled from NPM.
+
+0.4.22 2016-03-04
+-----------------
+- Fix "TypeError: data.copy is not a function" in Electron (Issue #170, https://github.com/kangas).
+- Fixed issue with undefined type on deserializing.
+
+0.4.21 2016-01-12
+-----------------
+- Minor optimizations to avoid non needed object creation.
+
+0.4.20 2015-10-15
+-----------------
+- Added bower file to repository.
+- Fixed browser pid sometimes set greater than 0xFFFF on browsers (Issue #155, https://github.com/rahatarmanahmed)
+
+0.4.19 2015-10-15
+-----------------
+- Remove all support for bson-ext.
+
+0.4.18 2015-10-15
+-----------------
+- ObjectID equality check should return boolean instead of throwing exception for invalid oid string #139
+- add option for deserializing binary into Buffer object #116
+
+0.4.17 2015-10-15
+-----------------
+- Validate regexp string for null bytes and throw if there is one.
+
+0.4.16 2015-10-07
+-----------------
+- Fixed issue with return statement in Map.js.
+
+0.4.15 2015-10-06
+-----------------
+- Exposed Map correctly via index.js file.
+
+0.4.14 2015-10-06
+-----------------
+- Exposed Map correctly via bson.js file.
+
+0.4.13 2015-10-06
+-----------------
+- Added ES6 Map type serialization as well as a polyfill for ES5.
+
+0.4.12 2015-09-18
+-----------------
+- Made ignore undefined an optional parameter.
+
+0.4.11 2015-08-06
+-----------------
+- Minor fix for invalid key checking.
+
+0.4.10 2015-08-06
+-----------------
+- NODE-38 Added new BSONRegExp type to allow direct serialization to MongoDB type.
+- Some performance improvements by in lining code.
+
+0.4.9 2015-08-06
+----------------
+- Undefined fields are omitted from serialization in objects.
+
+0.4.8 2015-07-14
+----------------
+- Fixed size validation to ensure we can deserialize from dumped files.
+
+0.4.7 2015-06-26
+----------------
+- Added ability to instruct deserializer to return raw BSON buffers for named array fields.
+- Minor deserialization optimization by moving inlined function out.
+
+0.4.6 2015-06-17
+----------------
+- Fixed serializeWithBufferAndIndex bug.
+
+0.4.5 2015-06-17
+----------------
+- Removed any references to the shared buffer to avoid non GC collectible bson instances.
+
+0.4.4 2015-06-17
+----------------
+- Fixed rethrowing of error when not RangeError.
+
+0.4.3 2015-06-17
+----------------
+- Start buffer at 64K and double as needed, meaning we keep a low memory profile until needed.
+
+0.4.2 2015-06-16
+----------------
+- More fixes for corrupt Bson
+
+0.4.1 2015-06-16
+----------------
+- More fixes for corrupt Bson
+
+0.4.0 2015-06-16
+----------------
+- New JS serializer serializing into a single buffer then copying out the new buffer. Performance is similar to current C++ parser.
+- Removed bson-ext extension dependency for now.
+
+0.3.2 2015-03-27
+----------------
+- Removed node-gyp from install script in package.json.
+
+0.3.1 2015-03-27
+----------------
+- Return pure js version on native() call if failed to initialize.
+
+0.3.0 2015-03-26
+----------------
+- Pulled out all C++ code into bson-ext and made it an optional dependency.
+
+0.2.21 2015-03-21
+-----------------
+- Updated Nan to 1.7.0 to support io.js and node 0.12.0
+
+0.2.19 2015-02-16
+-----------------
+- Updated Nan to 1.6.2 to support io.js and node 0.12.0
+
+0.2.18 2015-01-20
+-----------------
+- Updated Nan to 1.5.1 to support io.js
+
+0.2.16 2014-12-17
+-----------------
+- Made pid cycle on 0xffff to avoid weird overflows on creation of ObjectID's
+
+0.2.12 2014-08-24
+-----------------
+- Fixes for fortify review of c++ extension
+- toBSON correctly allows returns of non objects
+
+0.2.3 2013-10-01
+----------------
+- Drying of ObjectId code for generation of id (Issue #54, https://github.com/moredip)
+- Fixed issue where corrupt CString's could cause endless loop
+- Support for Node 0.11.X > (Issue #49, https://github.com/kkoopa)
+
+0.1.4 2012-09-25
+----------------
+- Added precompiled c++ native extensions for win32 ia32 and x64
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/bson/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..261eeb9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/README.md b/backend/node_modules/bson/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..068834100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# BSON parser
+
+BSON is short for Bin­ary JSON and is the bin­ary-en­coded seri­al­iz­a­tion of JSON-like doc­u­ments. You can learn more about it in [the specification](http://bsonspec.org).
+
+This browser version of the BSON parser is compiled using [webpack](https://webpack.js.org/) and the current version is pre-compiled in the `browser_build` directory.
+
+This is the default BSON parser, however, there is a C++ Node.js addon version as well that does not support the browser. It can be found at [mongod-js/bson-ext](https://github.com/mongodb-js/bson-ext).
+
+## Usage
+
+To build a new version perform the following operations:
+
+```
+npm install
+npm run build
+```
+
+A simple example of how to use BSON in the browser:
+
+```html
+<script src="./browser_build/bson.js"></script>
+
+<script>
+  function start() {
+    // Get the Long type
+    var Long = BSON.Long;
+    // Create a bson parser instance
+    var bson = new BSON();
+
+    // Serialize document
+    var doc = { long: Long.fromNumber(100) }
+
+    // Serialize a document
+    var data = bson.serialize(doc)
+    // De serialize it again
+    var doc_2 = bson.deserialize(data)
+  }
+</script>
+```
+
+A simple example of how to use BSON in `Node.js`:
+
+```js
+// Get BSON parser class
+var BSON = require('bson')
+// Get the Long type
+var Long = BSON.Long;
+// Create a bson parser instance
+var bson = new BSON();
+
+// Serialize document
+var doc = { long: Long.fromNumber(100) }
+
+// Serialize a document
+var data = bson.serialize(doc)
+console.log('data:', data)
+
+// Deserialize the resulting Buffer
+var doc_2 = bson.deserialize(data)
+console.log('doc_2:', doc_2)
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+`npm install bson`
+
+## API
+
+### BSON types
+
+For all BSON types documentation, please refer to the following sources:
+  * [MongoDB BSON Type Reference](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/bson-types/)
+  * [BSON Spec](https://bsonspec.org/)
+
+### BSON serialization and deserialiation
+
+**`new BSON()`** - Creates a new BSON serializer/deserializer you can use to serialize and deserialize BSON.
+
+#### BSON.serialize
+
+The BSON `serialize` method takes a JavaScript object and an optional options object and returns a Node.js Buffer.
+
+  * `BSON.serialize(object, options)`
+    * @param {Object} object the JavaScript object to serialize.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] the serializer will check if keys are valid.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the JavaScript functions.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true]
+    * @return {Buffer} returns a Buffer instance.
+
+#### BSON.serializeWithBufferAndIndex
+
+The BSON `serializeWithBufferAndIndex` method takes an object, a target buffer instance and an optional options object and returns the end serialization index in the final buffer.
+
+  * `BSON.serializeWithBufferAndIndex(object, buffer, options)`
+    * @param {Object} object the JavaScript object to serialize.
+    * @param {Buffer} buffer the Buffer you pre-allocated to store the serialized BSON object.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] the serializer will check if keys are valid.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the JavaScript functions.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields.
+    * @param {Number} [options.index=0] the index in the buffer where we wish to start serializing into.
+    * @return {Number} returns the index pointing to the last written byte in the buffer.
+
+#### BSON.calculateObjectSize
+
+The BSON `calculateObjectSize` method takes a JavaScript object and an optional options object and returns the size of the BSON object.
+
+  * `BSON.calculateObjectSize(object, options)`
+    * @param {Object} object the JavaScript object to serialize.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the JavaScript functions.
+    * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true]
+    * @return {Buffer} returns a Buffer instance.
+
+#### BSON.deserialize
+
+The BSON `deserialize` method takes a Node.js Buffer and an optional options object and returns a deserialized JavaScript object.
+
+  * `BSON.deserialize(buffer, options)`
+    * @param {Object} [options.evalFunctions=false] evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized.
+    * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctions=false] cache evaluated functions for reuse.
+    * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctionsCrc32=false] use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function.
+    * @param {Object} [options.promoteLongs=true] when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits
+    * @param {Object} [options.promoteBuffers=false] when deserializing a Binary will return it as a Node.js Buffer instance.
+    * @param {Object} [options.promoteValues=false] when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types.
+    * @param {Object} [options.fieldsAsRaw=null] allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer.
+    * @param {Object} [options.bsonRegExp=false] return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances.
+    * @return {Object} returns the deserialized Javascript Object.
+
+#### BSON.deserializeStream
+
+The BSON `deserializeStream` method takes a Node.js Buffer, `startIndex` and allow more control over deserialization of a Buffer containing concatenated BSON documents.
+
+  * `BSON.deserializeStream(buffer, startIndex, numberOfDocuments, documents, docStartIndex, options)`
+    * @param {Buffer} buffer the buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+    * @param {Number} startIndex the start index in the data Buffer where the deserialization is to start.
+    * @param {Number} numberOfDocuments number of documents to deserialize.
+    * @param {Array} documents an array where to store the deserialized documents.
+    * @param {Number} docStartIndex the index in the documents array from where to start inserting documents.
+    * @param {Object} [options.evalFunctions=false] evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized.
+    * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctions=false] cache evaluated functions for reuse.
+    * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctionsCrc32=false] use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function.
+    * @param {Object} [options.promoteLongs=true] when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits
+    * @param {Object} [options.promoteBuffers=false] when deserializing a Binary will return it as a Node.js Buffer instance.
+    * @param {Object} [options.promoteValues=false] when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types.
+    * @param {Object} [options.fieldsAsRaw=null] allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer.
+    * @param {Object} [options.bsonRegExp=false] return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances.
+    * @return {Number} returns the next index in the buffer after deserialization **x** numbers of documents.
+
+## FAQ
+
+#### Why does `undefined` get converted to `null`?
+
+The `undefined` BSON type has been [deprecated for many years](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html), so this library has dropped support for it. Use the `ignoreUndefined` option (for example, from the [driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/MongoClient.html#connect) ) to instead remove `undefined` keys.
+
+#### How do I add custom serialization logic?
+
+This library looks for `toBSON()` functions on every path, and calls the `toBSON()` function to get the value to serialize.
+
+```javascript
+var bson = new BSON();
+
+class CustomSerialize {
+  toBSON() {
+    return 42;
+  }
+}
+
+const obj = { answer: new CustomSerialize() };
+// "{ answer: 42 }"
+console.log(bson.deserialize(bson.serialize(obj)));
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/bower.json b/backend/node_modules/bson/bower.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eded1f82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/bower.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "name": "bson",
+  "description": "A bson parser for node.js and the browser",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongodb",
+    "bson",
+    "parser"
+  ],
+  "author": "Christian Amor Kvalheim <christkv@gmail.com>",
+  "main": "./browser_build/bson.js",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "moduleType": [
+    "globals",
+    "node"
+  ],
+  "ignore": [
+    "**/.*",
+    "alternate_parsers",
+    "benchmarks",
+    "bower_components",
+    "node_modules",
+    "test",
+    "tools"
+  ],
+  "version": "1.1.6"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/browser_build/bson.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/browser_build/bson.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9540a86f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/browser_build/bson.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18218 @@
+(function webpackUniversalModuleDefinition(root, factory) {
+	if(typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module === 'object')
+		module.exports = factory();
+	else if(typeof define === 'function' && define.amd)
+		define([], factory);
+	else {
+		var a = factory();
+		for(var i in a) (typeof exports === 'object' ? exports : root)[i] = a[i];
+	}
+})(this, function() {
+return /******/ (function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap
+/******/ 	// The module cache
+/******/ 	var installedModules = {};
+
+/******/ 	// The require function
+/******/ 	function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
+
+/******/ 		// Check if module is in cache
+/******/ 		if(installedModules[moduleId])
+/******/ 			return installedModules[moduleId].exports;
+
+/******/ 		// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
+/******/ 		var module = installedModules[moduleId] = {
+/******/ 			exports: {},
+/******/ 			id: moduleId,
+/******/ 			loaded: false
+/******/ 		};
+
+/******/ 		// Execute the module function
+/******/ 		modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);
+
+/******/ 		// Flag the module as loaded
+/******/ 		module.loaded = true;
+
+/******/ 		// Return the exports of the module
+/******/ 		return module.exports;
+/******/ 	}
+
+
+/******/ 	// expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
+/******/ 	__webpack_require__.m = modules;
+
+/******/ 	// expose the module cache
+/******/ 	__webpack_require__.c = installedModules;
+
+/******/ 	// __webpack_public_path__
+/******/ 	__webpack_require__.p = "/";
+
+/******/ 	// Load entry module and return exports
+/******/ 	return __webpack_require__(0);
+/******/ })
+/************************************************************************/
+/******/ ([
+/* 0 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(1);
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(332);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 1 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(global) {"use strict";
+
+	__webpack_require__(2);
+
+	__webpack_require__(328);
+
+	__webpack_require__(329);
+
+	if (global._babelPolyfill) {
+	  throw new Error("only one instance of babel-polyfill is allowed");
+	}
+	global._babelPolyfill = true;
+
+	var DEFINE_PROPERTY = "defineProperty";
+	function define(O, key, value) {
+	  O[key] || Object[DEFINE_PROPERTY](O, key, {
+	    writable: true,
+	    configurable: true,
+	    value: value
+	  });
+	}
+
+	define(String.prototype, "padLeft", "".padStart);
+	define(String.prototype, "padRight", "".padEnd);
+
+	"pop,reverse,shift,keys,values,entries,indexOf,every,some,forEach,map,filter,find,findIndex,includes,join,slice,concat,push,splice,unshift,sort,lastIndexOf,reduce,reduceRight,copyWithin,fill".split(",").forEach(function (key) {
+	  [][key] && define(Array, key, Function.call.bind([][key]));
+	});
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, (function() { return this; }())))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 2 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(3);
+	__webpack_require__(53);
+	__webpack_require__(54);
+	__webpack_require__(55);
+	__webpack_require__(56);
+	__webpack_require__(58);
+	__webpack_require__(60);
+	__webpack_require__(61);
+	__webpack_require__(62);
+	__webpack_require__(63);
+	__webpack_require__(64);
+	__webpack_require__(65);
+	__webpack_require__(66);
+	__webpack_require__(67);
+	__webpack_require__(68);
+	__webpack_require__(70);
+	__webpack_require__(72);
+	__webpack_require__(74);
+	__webpack_require__(76);
+	__webpack_require__(79);
+	__webpack_require__(80);
+	__webpack_require__(81);
+	__webpack_require__(85);
+	__webpack_require__(87);
+	__webpack_require__(89);
+	__webpack_require__(92);
+	__webpack_require__(93);
+	__webpack_require__(94);
+	__webpack_require__(95);
+	__webpack_require__(97);
+	__webpack_require__(98);
+	__webpack_require__(99);
+	__webpack_require__(100);
+	__webpack_require__(101);
+	__webpack_require__(102);
+	__webpack_require__(103);
+	__webpack_require__(105);
+	__webpack_require__(106);
+	__webpack_require__(107);
+	__webpack_require__(109);
+	__webpack_require__(110);
+	__webpack_require__(111);
+	__webpack_require__(113);
+	__webpack_require__(115);
+	__webpack_require__(116);
+	__webpack_require__(117);
+	__webpack_require__(118);
+	__webpack_require__(119);
+	__webpack_require__(120);
+	__webpack_require__(121);
+	__webpack_require__(122);
+	__webpack_require__(123);
+	__webpack_require__(124);
+	__webpack_require__(125);
+	__webpack_require__(126);
+	__webpack_require__(127);
+	__webpack_require__(132);
+	__webpack_require__(133);
+	__webpack_require__(137);
+	__webpack_require__(138);
+	__webpack_require__(139);
+	__webpack_require__(140);
+	__webpack_require__(142);
+	__webpack_require__(143);
+	__webpack_require__(144);
+	__webpack_require__(145);
+	__webpack_require__(146);
+	__webpack_require__(147);
+	__webpack_require__(148);
+	__webpack_require__(149);
+	__webpack_require__(150);
+	__webpack_require__(151);
+	__webpack_require__(152);
+	__webpack_require__(153);
+	__webpack_require__(154);
+	__webpack_require__(155);
+	__webpack_require__(156);
+	__webpack_require__(158);
+	__webpack_require__(159);
+	__webpack_require__(161);
+	__webpack_require__(162);
+	__webpack_require__(168);
+	__webpack_require__(169);
+	__webpack_require__(171);
+	__webpack_require__(172);
+	__webpack_require__(173);
+	__webpack_require__(177);
+	__webpack_require__(178);
+	__webpack_require__(179);
+	__webpack_require__(180);
+	__webpack_require__(181);
+	__webpack_require__(183);
+	__webpack_require__(184);
+	__webpack_require__(185);
+	__webpack_require__(186);
+	__webpack_require__(189);
+	__webpack_require__(191);
+	__webpack_require__(192);
+	__webpack_require__(193);
+	__webpack_require__(195);
+	__webpack_require__(197);
+	__webpack_require__(199);
+	__webpack_require__(201);
+	__webpack_require__(202);
+	__webpack_require__(203);
+	__webpack_require__(207);
+	__webpack_require__(208);
+	__webpack_require__(209);
+	__webpack_require__(211);
+	__webpack_require__(221);
+	__webpack_require__(225);
+	__webpack_require__(226);
+	__webpack_require__(228);
+	__webpack_require__(229);
+	__webpack_require__(233);
+	__webpack_require__(234);
+	__webpack_require__(236);
+	__webpack_require__(237);
+	__webpack_require__(238);
+	__webpack_require__(239);
+	__webpack_require__(240);
+	__webpack_require__(241);
+	__webpack_require__(242);
+	__webpack_require__(243);
+	__webpack_require__(244);
+	__webpack_require__(245);
+	__webpack_require__(246);
+	__webpack_require__(247);
+	__webpack_require__(248);
+	__webpack_require__(249);
+	__webpack_require__(250);
+	__webpack_require__(251);
+	__webpack_require__(252);
+	__webpack_require__(253);
+	__webpack_require__(254);
+	__webpack_require__(256);
+	__webpack_require__(257);
+	__webpack_require__(258);
+	__webpack_require__(259);
+	__webpack_require__(260);
+	__webpack_require__(262);
+	__webpack_require__(263);
+	__webpack_require__(264);
+	__webpack_require__(266);
+	__webpack_require__(267);
+	__webpack_require__(268);
+	__webpack_require__(269);
+	__webpack_require__(270);
+	__webpack_require__(271);
+	__webpack_require__(272);
+	__webpack_require__(273);
+	__webpack_require__(275);
+	__webpack_require__(276);
+	__webpack_require__(278);
+	__webpack_require__(279);
+	__webpack_require__(280);
+	__webpack_require__(281);
+	__webpack_require__(284);
+	__webpack_require__(285);
+	__webpack_require__(287);
+	__webpack_require__(288);
+	__webpack_require__(289);
+	__webpack_require__(290);
+	__webpack_require__(292);
+	__webpack_require__(293);
+	__webpack_require__(294);
+	__webpack_require__(295);
+	__webpack_require__(296);
+	__webpack_require__(297);
+	__webpack_require__(298);
+	__webpack_require__(299);
+	__webpack_require__(300);
+	__webpack_require__(301);
+	__webpack_require__(303);
+	__webpack_require__(304);
+	__webpack_require__(305);
+	__webpack_require__(306);
+	__webpack_require__(307);
+	__webpack_require__(308);
+	__webpack_require__(309);
+	__webpack_require__(310);
+	__webpack_require__(311);
+	__webpack_require__(312);
+	__webpack_require__(313);
+	__webpack_require__(315);
+	__webpack_require__(316);
+	__webpack_require__(317);
+	__webpack_require__(318);
+	__webpack_require__(319);
+	__webpack_require__(320);
+	__webpack_require__(321);
+	__webpack_require__(322);
+	__webpack_require__(323);
+	__webpack_require__(324);
+	__webpack_require__(325);
+	__webpack_require__(326);
+	__webpack_require__(327);
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(9);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 3 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// ECMAScript 6 symbols shim
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var META = __webpack_require__(25).KEY;
+	var $fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var shared = __webpack_require__(21);
+	var setToStringTag = __webpack_require__(26);
+	var uid = __webpack_require__(19);
+	var wks = __webpack_require__(27);
+	var wksExt = __webpack_require__(28);
+	var wksDefine = __webpack_require__(29);
+	var enumKeys = __webpack_require__(30);
+	var isArray = __webpack_require__(45);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var createDesc = __webpack_require__(17);
+	var _create = __webpack_require__(47);
+	var gOPNExt = __webpack_require__(50);
+	var $GOPD = __webpack_require__(52);
+	var $GOPS = __webpack_require__(43);
+	var $DP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var $keys = __webpack_require__(31);
+	var gOPD = $GOPD.f;
+	var dP = $DP.f;
+	var gOPN = gOPNExt.f;
+	var $Symbol = global.Symbol;
+	var $JSON = global.JSON;
+	var _stringify = $JSON && $JSON.stringify;
+	var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';
+	var HIDDEN = wks('_hidden');
+	var TO_PRIMITIVE = wks('toPrimitive');
+	var isEnum = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;
+	var SymbolRegistry = shared('symbol-registry');
+	var AllSymbols = shared('symbols');
+	var OPSymbols = shared('op-symbols');
+	var ObjectProto = Object[PROTOTYPE];
+	var USE_NATIVE = typeof $Symbol == 'function' && !!$GOPS.f;
+	var QObject = global.QObject;
+	// Don't use setters in Qt Script, https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/173
+	var setter = !QObject || !QObject[PROTOTYPE] || !QObject[PROTOTYPE].findChild;
+
+	// fallback for old Android, https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=687
+	var setSymbolDesc = DESCRIPTORS && $fails(function () {
+	  return _create(dP({}, 'a', {
+	    get: function () { return dP(this, 'a', { value: 7 }).a; }
+	  })).a != 7;
+	}) ? function (it, key, D) {
+	  var protoDesc = gOPD(ObjectProto, key);
+	  if (protoDesc) delete ObjectProto[key];
+	  dP(it, key, D);
+	  if (protoDesc && it !== ObjectProto) dP(ObjectProto, key, protoDesc);
+	} : dP;
+
+	var wrap = function (tag) {
+	  var sym = AllSymbols[tag] = _create($Symbol[PROTOTYPE]);
+	  sym._k = tag;
+	  return sym;
+	};
+
+	var isSymbol = USE_NATIVE && typeof $Symbol.iterator == 'symbol' ? function (it) {
+	  return typeof it == 'symbol';
+	} : function (it) {
+	  return it instanceof $Symbol;
+	};
+
+	var $defineProperty = function defineProperty(it, key, D) {
+	  if (it === ObjectProto) $defineProperty(OPSymbols, key, D);
+	  anObject(it);
+	  key = toPrimitive(key, true);
+	  anObject(D);
+	  if (has(AllSymbols, key)) {
+	    if (!D.enumerable) {
+	      if (!has(it, HIDDEN)) dP(it, HIDDEN, createDesc(1, {}));
+	      it[HIDDEN][key] = true;
+	    } else {
+	      if (has(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key]) it[HIDDEN][key] = false;
+	      D = _create(D, { enumerable: createDesc(0, false) });
+	    } return setSymbolDesc(it, key, D);
+	  } return dP(it, key, D);
+	};
+	var $defineProperties = function defineProperties(it, P) {
+	  anObject(it);
+	  var keys = enumKeys(P = toIObject(P));
+	  var i = 0;
+	  var l = keys.length;
+	  var key;
+	  while (l > i) $defineProperty(it, key = keys[i++], P[key]);
+	  return it;
+	};
+	var $create = function create(it, P) {
+	  return P === undefined ? _create(it) : $defineProperties(_create(it), P);
+	};
+	var $propertyIsEnumerable = function propertyIsEnumerable(key) {
+	  var E = isEnum.call(this, key = toPrimitive(key, true));
+	  if (this === ObjectProto && has(AllSymbols, key) && !has(OPSymbols, key)) return false;
+	  return E || !has(this, key) || !has(AllSymbols, key) || has(this, HIDDEN) && this[HIDDEN][key] ? E : true;
+	};
+	var $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {
+	  it = toIObject(it);
+	  key = toPrimitive(key, true);
+	  if (it === ObjectProto && has(AllSymbols, key) && !has(OPSymbols, key)) return;
+	  var D = gOPD(it, key);
+	  if (D && has(AllSymbols, key) && !(has(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key])) D.enumerable = true;
+	  return D;
+	};
+	var $getOwnPropertyNames = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {
+	  var names = gOPN(toIObject(it));
+	  var result = [];
+	  var i = 0;
+	  var key;
+	  while (names.length > i) {
+	    if (!has(AllSymbols, key = names[i++]) && key != HIDDEN && key != META) result.push(key);
+	  } return result;
+	};
+	var $getOwnPropertySymbols = function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {
+	  var IS_OP = it === ObjectProto;
+	  var names = gOPN(IS_OP ? OPSymbols : toIObject(it));
+	  var result = [];
+	  var i = 0;
+	  var key;
+	  while (names.length > i) {
+	    if (has(AllSymbols, key = names[i++]) && (IS_OP ? has(ObjectProto, key) : true)) result.push(AllSymbols[key]);
+	  } return result;
+	};
+
+	// 19.4.1.1 Symbol([description])
+	if (!USE_NATIVE) {
+	  $Symbol = function Symbol() {
+	    if (this instanceof $Symbol) throw TypeError('Symbol is not a constructor!');
+	    var tag = uid(arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined);
+	    var $set = function (value) {
+	      if (this === ObjectProto) $set.call(OPSymbols, value);
+	      if (has(this, HIDDEN) && has(this[HIDDEN], tag)) this[HIDDEN][tag] = false;
+	      setSymbolDesc(this, tag, createDesc(1, value));
+	    };
+	    if (DESCRIPTORS && setter) setSymbolDesc(ObjectProto, tag, { configurable: true, set: $set });
+	    return wrap(tag);
+	  };
+	  redefine($Symbol[PROTOTYPE], 'toString', function toString() {
+	    return this._k;
+	  });
+
+	  $GOPD.f = $getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+	  $DP.f = $defineProperty;
+	  __webpack_require__(51).f = gOPNExt.f = $getOwnPropertyNames;
+	  __webpack_require__(44).f = $propertyIsEnumerable;
+	  $GOPS.f = $getOwnPropertySymbols;
+
+	  if (DESCRIPTORS && !__webpack_require__(22)) {
+	    redefine(ObjectProto, 'propertyIsEnumerable', $propertyIsEnumerable, true);
+	  }
+
+	  wksExt.f = function (name) {
+	    return wrap(wks(name));
+	  };
+	}
+
+	$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, { Symbol: $Symbol });
+
+	for (var es6Symbols = (
+	  // 19.4.2.2, 19.4.2.3, 19.4.2.4, 19.4.2.6, 19.4.2.8, 19.4.2.9, 19.4.2.10, 19.4.2.11, 19.4.2.12, 19.4.2.13, 19.4.2.14
+	  'hasInstance,isConcatSpreadable,iterator,match,replace,search,species,split,toPrimitive,toStringTag,unscopables'
+	).split(','), j = 0; es6Symbols.length > j;)wks(es6Symbols[j++]);
+
+	for (var wellKnownSymbols = $keys(wks.store), k = 0; wellKnownSymbols.length > k;) wksDefine(wellKnownSymbols[k++]);
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, 'Symbol', {
+	  // 19.4.2.1 Symbol.for(key)
+	  'for': function (key) {
+	    return has(SymbolRegistry, key += '')
+	      ? SymbolRegistry[key]
+	      : SymbolRegistry[key] = $Symbol(key);
+	  },
+	  // 19.4.2.5 Symbol.keyFor(sym)
+	  keyFor: function keyFor(sym) {
+	    if (!isSymbol(sym)) throw TypeError(sym + ' is not a symbol!');
+	    for (var key in SymbolRegistry) if (SymbolRegistry[key] === sym) return key;
+	  },
+	  useSetter: function () { setter = true; },
+	  useSimple: function () { setter = false; }
+	});
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, 'Object', {
+	  // 19.1.2.2 Object.create(O [, Properties])
+	  create: $create,
+	  // 19.1.2.4 Object.defineProperty(O, P, Attributes)
+	  defineProperty: $defineProperty,
+	  // 19.1.2.3 Object.defineProperties(O, Properties)
+	  defineProperties: $defineProperties,
+	  // 19.1.2.6 Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P)
+	  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+	  // 19.1.2.7 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)
+	  getOwnPropertyNames: $getOwnPropertyNames,
+	  // 19.1.2.8 Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(O)
+	  getOwnPropertySymbols: $getOwnPropertySymbols
+	});
+
+	// Chrome 38 and 39 `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols` fails on primitives
+	// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3443
+	var FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES = $fails(function () { $GOPS.f(1); });
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES, 'Object', {
+	  getOwnPropertySymbols: function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {
+	    return $GOPS.f(toObject(it));
+	  }
+	});
+
+	// 24.3.2 JSON.stringify(value [, replacer [, space]])
+	$JSON && $export($export.S + $export.F * (!USE_NATIVE || $fails(function () {
+	  var S = $Symbol();
+	  // MS Edge converts symbol values to JSON as {}
+	  // WebKit converts symbol values to JSON as null
+	  // V8 throws on boxed symbols
+	  return _stringify([S]) != '[null]' || _stringify({ a: S }) != '{}' || _stringify(Object(S)) != '{}';
+	})), 'JSON', {
+	  stringify: function stringify(it) {
+	    var args = [it];
+	    var i = 1;
+	    var replacer, $replacer;
+	    while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);
+	    $replacer = replacer = args[1];
+	    if (!isObject(replacer) && it === undefined || isSymbol(it)) return; // IE8 returns string on undefined
+	    if (!isArray(replacer)) replacer = function (key, value) {
+	      if (typeof $replacer == 'function') value = $replacer.call(this, key, value);
+	      if (!isSymbol(value)) return value;
+	    };
+	    args[1] = replacer;
+	    return _stringify.apply($JSON, args);
+	  }
+	});
+
+	// 19.4.3.4 Symbol.prototype[@@toPrimitive](hint)
+	$Symbol[PROTOTYPE][TO_PRIMITIVE] || __webpack_require__(10)($Symbol[PROTOTYPE], TO_PRIMITIVE, $Symbol[PROTOTYPE].valueOf);
+	// 19.4.3.5 Symbol.prototype[@@toStringTag]
+	setToStringTag($Symbol, 'Symbol');
+	// 20.2.1.9 Math[@@toStringTag]
+	setToStringTag(Math, 'Math', true);
+	// 24.3.3 JSON[@@toStringTag]
+	setToStringTag(global.JSON, 'JSON', true);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 4 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/86#issuecomment-115759028
+	var global = module.exports = typeof window != 'undefined' && window.Math == Math
+	  ? window : typeof self != 'undefined' && self.Math == Math ? self
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+	  : Function('return this')();
+	if (typeof __g == 'number') __g = global; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 5 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	var hasOwnProperty = {}.hasOwnProperty;
+	module.exports = function (it, key) {
+	  return hasOwnProperty.call(it, key);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 6 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// Thank's IE8 for his funny defineProperty
+	module.exports = !__webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return Object.defineProperty({}, 'a', { get: function () { return 7; } }).a != 7;
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 7 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (exec) {
+	  try {
+	    return !!exec();
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 8 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var core = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';
+
+	var $export = function (type, name, source) {
+	  var IS_FORCED = type & $export.F;
+	  var IS_GLOBAL = type & $export.G;
+	  var IS_STATIC = type & $export.S;
+	  var IS_PROTO = type & $export.P;
+	  var IS_BIND = type & $export.B;
+	  var target = IS_GLOBAL ? global : IS_STATIC ? global[name] || (global[name] = {}) : (global[name] || {})[PROTOTYPE];
+	  var exports = IS_GLOBAL ? core : core[name] || (core[name] = {});
+	  var expProto = exports[PROTOTYPE] || (exports[PROTOTYPE] = {});
+	  var key, own, out, exp;
+	  if (IS_GLOBAL) source = name;
+	  for (key in source) {
+	    // contains in native
+	    own = !IS_FORCED && target && target[key] !== undefined;
+	    // export native or passed
+	    out = (own ? target : source)[key];
+	    // bind timers to global for call from export context
+	    exp = IS_BIND && own ? ctx(out, global) : IS_PROTO && typeof out == 'function' ? ctx(Function.call, out) : out;
+	    // extend global
+	    if (target) redefine(target, key, out, type & $export.U);
+	    // export
+	    if (exports[key] != out) hide(exports, key, exp);
+	    if (IS_PROTO && expProto[key] != out) expProto[key] = out;
+	  }
+	};
+	global.core = core;
+	// type bitmap
+	$export.F = 1;   // forced
+	$export.G = 2;   // global
+	$export.S = 4;   // static
+	$export.P = 8;   // proto
+	$export.B = 16;  // bind
+	$export.W = 32;  // wrap
+	$export.U = 64;  // safe
+	$export.R = 128; // real proto method for `library`
+	module.exports = $export;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 9 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	var core = module.exports = { version: '2.6.10' };
+	if (typeof __e == 'number') __e = core; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 10 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var createDesc = __webpack_require__(17);
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(6) ? function (object, key, value) {
+	  return dP.f(object, key, createDesc(1, value));
+	} : function (object, key, value) {
+	  object[key] = value;
+	  return object;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 11 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var IE8_DOM_DEFINE = __webpack_require__(14);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var dP = Object.defineProperty;
+
+	exports.f = __webpack_require__(6) ? Object.defineProperty : function defineProperty(O, P, Attributes) {
+	  anObject(O);
+	  P = toPrimitive(P, true);
+	  anObject(Attributes);
+	  if (IE8_DOM_DEFINE) try {
+	    return dP(O, P, Attributes);
+	  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }
+	  if ('get' in Attributes || 'set' in Attributes) throw TypeError('Accessors not supported!');
+	  if ('value' in Attributes) O[P] = Attributes.value;
+	  return O;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 12 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  if (!isObject(it)) throw TypeError(it + ' is not an object!');
+	  return it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 13 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return typeof it === 'object' ? it !== null : typeof it === 'function';
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 14 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	module.exports = !__webpack_require__(6) && !__webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return Object.defineProperty(__webpack_require__(15)('div'), 'a', { get: function () { return 7; } }).a != 7;
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 15 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var document = __webpack_require__(4).document;
+	// typeof document.createElement is 'object' in old IE
+	var is = isObject(document) && isObject(document.createElement);
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return is ? document.createElement(it) : {};
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 16 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 7.1.1 ToPrimitive(input [, PreferredType])
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	// instead of the ES6 spec version, we didn't implement @@toPrimitive case
+	// and the second argument - flag - preferred type is a string
+	module.exports = function (it, S) {
+	  if (!isObject(it)) return it;
+	  var fn, val;
+	  if (S && typeof (fn = it.toString) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;
+	  if (typeof (fn = it.valueOf) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;
+	  if (!S && typeof (fn = it.toString) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;
+	  throw TypeError("Can't convert object to primitive value");
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 17 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (bitmap, value) {
+	  return {
+	    enumerable: !(bitmap & 1),
+	    configurable: !(bitmap & 2),
+	    writable: !(bitmap & 4),
+	    value: value
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 18 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var SRC = __webpack_require__(19)('src');
+	var $toString = __webpack_require__(20);
+	var TO_STRING = 'toString';
+	var TPL = ('' + $toString).split(TO_STRING);
+
+	__webpack_require__(9).inspectSource = function (it) {
+	  return $toString.call(it);
+	};
+
+	(module.exports = function (O, key, val, safe) {
+	  var isFunction = typeof val == 'function';
+	  if (isFunction) has(val, 'name') || hide(val, 'name', key);
+	  if (O[key] === val) return;
+	  if (isFunction) has(val, SRC) || hide(val, SRC, O[key] ? '' + O[key] : TPL.join(String(key)));
+	  if (O === global) {
+	    O[key] = val;
+	  } else if (!safe) {
+	    delete O[key];
+	    hide(O, key, val);
+	  } else if (O[key]) {
+	    O[key] = val;
+	  } else {
+	    hide(O, key, val);
+	  }
+	// add fake Function#toString for correct work wrapped methods / constructors with methods like LoDash isNative
+	})(Function.prototype, TO_STRING, function toString() {
+	  return typeof this == 'function' && this[SRC] || $toString.call(this);
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 19 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	var id = 0;
+	var px = Math.random();
+	module.exports = function (key) {
+	  return 'Symbol('.concat(key === undefined ? '' : key, ')_', (++id + px).toString(36));
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 20 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(21)('native-function-to-string', Function.toString);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 21 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var core = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var SHARED = '__core-js_shared__';
+	var store = global[SHARED] || (global[SHARED] = {});
+
+	(module.exports = function (key, value) {
+	  return store[key] || (store[key] = value !== undefined ? value : {});
+	})('versions', []).push({
+	  version: core.version,
+	  mode: __webpack_require__(22) ? 'pure' : 'global',
+	  copyright: '© 2019 Denis Pushkarev (zloirock.ru)'
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 22 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = false;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 23 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// optional / simple context binding
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	module.exports = function (fn, that, length) {
+	  aFunction(fn);
+	  if (that === undefined) return fn;
+	  switch (length) {
+	    case 1: return function (a) {
+	      return fn.call(that, a);
+	    };
+	    case 2: return function (a, b) {
+	      return fn.call(that, a, b);
+	    };
+	    case 3: return function (a, b, c) {
+	      return fn.call(that, a, b, c);
+	    };
+	  }
+	  return function (/* ...args */) {
+	    return fn.apply(that, arguments);
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 24 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  if (typeof it != 'function') throw TypeError(it + ' is not a function!');
+	  return it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 25 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var META = __webpack_require__(19)('meta');
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var setDesc = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var id = 0;
+	var isExtensible = Object.isExtensible || function () {
+	  return true;
+	};
+	var FREEZE = !__webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return isExtensible(Object.preventExtensions({}));
+	});
+	var setMeta = function (it) {
+	  setDesc(it, META, { value: {
+	    i: 'O' + ++id, // object ID
+	    w: {}          // weak collections IDs
+	  } });
+	};
+	var fastKey = function (it, create) {
+	  // return primitive with prefix
+	  if (!isObject(it)) return typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : (typeof it == 'string' ? 'S' : 'P') + it;
+	  if (!has(it, META)) {
+	    // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object
+	    if (!isExtensible(it)) return 'F';
+	    // not necessary to add metadata
+	    if (!create) return 'E';
+	    // add missing metadata
+	    setMeta(it);
+	  // return object ID
+	  } return it[META].i;
+	};
+	var getWeak = function (it, create) {
+	  if (!has(it, META)) {
+	    // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object
+	    if (!isExtensible(it)) return true;
+	    // not necessary to add metadata
+	    if (!create) return false;
+	    // add missing metadata
+	    setMeta(it);
+	  // return hash weak collections IDs
+	  } return it[META].w;
+	};
+	// add metadata on freeze-family methods calling
+	var onFreeze = function (it) {
+	  if (FREEZE && meta.NEED && isExtensible(it) && !has(it, META)) setMeta(it);
+	  return it;
+	};
+	var meta = module.exports = {
+	  KEY: META,
+	  NEED: false,
+	  fastKey: fastKey,
+	  getWeak: getWeak,
+	  onFreeze: onFreeze
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 26 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var def = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var TAG = __webpack_require__(27)('toStringTag');
+
+	module.exports = function (it, tag, stat) {
+	  if (it && !has(it = stat ? it : it.prototype, TAG)) def(it, TAG, { configurable: true, value: tag });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 27 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var store = __webpack_require__(21)('wks');
+	var uid = __webpack_require__(19);
+	var Symbol = __webpack_require__(4).Symbol;
+	var USE_SYMBOL = typeof Symbol == 'function';
+
+	var $exports = module.exports = function (name) {
+	  return store[name] || (store[name] =
+	    USE_SYMBOL && Symbol[name] || (USE_SYMBOL ? Symbol : uid)('Symbol.' + name));
+	};
+
+	$exports.store = store;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 28 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	exports.f = __webpack_require__(27);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 29 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var core = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var LIBRARY = __webpack_require__(22);
+	var wksExt = __webpack_require__(28);
+	var defineProperty = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	module.exports = function (name) {
+	  var $Symbol = core.Symbol || (core.Symbol = LIBRARY ? {} : global.Symbol || {});
+	  if (name.charAt(0) != '_' && !(name in $Symbol)) defineProperty($Symbol, name, { value: wksExt.f(name) });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 30 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// all enumerable object keys, includes symbols
+	var getKeys = __webpack_require__(31);
+	var gOPS = __webpack_require__(43);
+	var pIE = __webpack_require__(44);
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  var result = getKeys(it);
+	  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;
+	  if (getSymbols) {
+	    var symbols = getSymbols(it);
+	    var isEnum = pIE.f;
+	    var i = 0;
+	    var key;
+	    while (symbols.length > i) if (isEnum.call(it, key = symbols[i++])) result.push(key);
+	  } return result;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 31 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.14 / 15.2.3.14 Object.keys(O)
+	var $keys = __webpack_require__(32);
+	var enumBugKeys = __webpack_require__(42);
+
+	module.exports = Object.keys || function keys(O) {
+	  return $keys(O, enumBugKeys);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 32 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var arrayIndexOf = __webpack_require__(37)(false);
+	var IE_PROTO = __webpack_require__(41)('IE_PROTO');
+
+	module.exports = function (object, names) {
+	  var O = toIObject(object);
+	  var i = 0;
+	  var result = [];
+	  var key;
+	  for (key in O) if (key != IE_PROTO) has(O, key) && result.push(key);
+	  // Don't enum bug & hidden keys
+	  while (names.length > i) if (has(O, key = names[i++])) {
+	    ~arrayIndexOf(result, key) || result.push(key);
+	  }
+	  return result;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 33 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// to indexed object, toObject with fallback for non-array-like ES3 strings
+	var IObject = __webpack_require__(34);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return IObject(defined(it));
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 34 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// fallback for non-array-like ES3 and non-enumerable old V8 strings
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	// eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins
+	module.exports = Object('z').propertyIsEnumerable(0) ? Object : function (it) {
+	  return cof(it) == 'String' ? it.split('') : Object(it);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 35 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	var toString = {}.toString;
+
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return toString.call(it).slice(8, -1);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 36 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// 7.2.1 RequireObjectCoercible(argument)
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  if (it == undefined) throw TypeError("Can't call method on  " + it);
+	  return it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 37 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// false -> Array#indexOf
+	// true  -> Array#includes
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	module.exports = function (IS_INCLUDES) {
+	  return function ($this, el, fromIndex) {
+	    var O = toIObject($this);
+	    var length = toLength(O.length);
+	    var index = toAbsoluteIndex(fromIndex, length);
+	    var value;
+	    // Array#includes uses SameValueZero equality algorithm
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	    if (IS_INCLUDES && el != el) while (length > index) {
+	      value = O[index++];
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	      if (value != value) return true;
+	    // Array#indexOf ignores holes, Array#includes - not
+	    } else for (;length > index; index++) if (IS_INCLUDES || index in O) {
+	      if (O[index] === el) return IS_INCLUDES || index || 0;
+	    } return !IS_INCLUDES && -1;
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 38 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 7.1.15 ToLength
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var min = Math.min;
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return it > 0 ? min(toInteger(it), 0x1fffffffffffff) : 0; // pow(2, 53) - 1 == 9007199254740991
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 39 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// 7.1.4 ToInteger
+	var ceil = Math.ceil;
+	var floor = Math.floor;
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return isNaN(it = +it) ? 0 : (it > 0 ? floor : ceil)(it);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 40 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var max = Math.max;
+	var min = Math.min;
+	module.exports = function (index, length) {
+	  index = toInteger(index);
+	  return index < 0 ? max(index + length, 0) : min(index, length);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 41 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var shared = __webpack_require__(21)('keys');
+	var uid = __webpack_require__(19);
+	module.exports = function (key) {
+	  return shared[key] || (shared[key] = uid(key));
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 42 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// IE 8- don't enum bug keys
+	module.exports = (
+	  'constructor,hasOwnProperty,isPrototypeOf,propertyIsEnumerable,toLocaleString,toString,valueOf'
+	).split(',');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 43 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	exports.f = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 44 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	exports.f = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 45 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 7.2.2 IsArray(argument)
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	module.exports = Array.isArray || function isArray(arg) {
+	  return cof(arg) == 'Array';
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 46 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 7.1.13 ToObject(argument)
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return Object(defined(it));
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 47 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.2 / 15.2.3.5 Object.create(O [, Properties])
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var dPs = __webpack_require__(48);
+	var enumBugKeys = __webpack_require__(42);
+	var IE_PROTO = __webpack_require__(41)('IE_PROTO');
+	var Empty = function () { /* empty */ };
+	var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';
+
+	// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use iframe Object with cleared prototype
+	var createDict = function () {
+	  // Thrash, waste and sodomy: IE GC bug
+	  var iframe = __webpack_require__(15)('iframe');
+	  var i = enumBugKeys.length;
+	  var lt = '<';
+	  var gt = '>';
+	  var iframeDocument;
+	  iframe.style.display = 'none';
+	  __webpack_require__(49).appendChild(iframe);
+	  iframe.src = 'javascript:'; // eslint-disable-line no-script-url
+	  // createDict = iframe.contentWindow.Object;
+	  // html.removeChild(iframe);
+	  iframeDocument = iframe.contentWindow.document;
+	  iframeDocument.open();
+	  iframeDocument.write(lt + 'script' + gt + 'document.F=Object' + lt + '/script' + gt);
+	  iframeDocument.close();
+	  createDict = iframeDocument.F;
+	  while (i--) delete createDict[PROTOTYPE][enumBugKeys[i]];
+	  return createDict();
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Object.create || function create(O, Properties) {
+	  var result;
+	  if (O !== null) {
+	    Empty[PROTOTYPE] = anObject(O);
+	    result = new Empty();
+	    Empty[PROTOTYPE] = null;
+	    // add "__proto__" for Object.getPrototypeOf polyfill
+	    result[IE_PROTO] = O;
+	  } else result = createDict();
+	  return Properties === undefined ? result : dPs(result, Properties);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 48 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var getKeys = __webpack_require__(31);
+
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(6) ? Object.defineProperties : function defineProperties(O, Properties) {
+	  anObject(O);
+	  var keys = getKeys(Properties);
+	  var length = keys.length;
+	  var i = 0;
+	  var P;
+	  while (length > i) dP.f(O, P = keys[i++], Properties[P]);
+	  return O;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 49 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var document = __webpack_require__(4).document;
+	module.exports = document && document.documentElement;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 50 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// fallback for IE11 buggy Object.getOwnPropertyNames with iframe and window
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var gOPN = __webpack_require__(51).f;
+	var toString = {}.toString;
+
+	var windowNames = typeof window == 'object' && window && Object.getOwnPropertyNames
+	  ? Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window) : [];
+
+	var getWindowNames = function (it) {
+	  try {
+	    return gOPN(it);
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    return windowNames.slice();
+	  }
+	};
+
+	module.exports.f = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {
+	  return windowNames && toString.call(it) == '[object Window]' ? getWindowNames(it) : gOPN(toIObject(it));
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 51 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.7 / 15.2.3.4 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)
+	var $keys = __webpack_require__(32);
+	var hiddenKeys = __webpack_require__(42).concat('length', 'prototype');
+
+	exports.f = Object.getOwnPropertyNames || function getOwnPropertyNames(O) {
+	  return $keys(O, hiddenKeys);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 52 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var pIE = __webpack_require__(44);
+	var createDesc = __webpack_require__(17);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var IE8_DOM_DEFINE = __webpack_require__(14);
+	var gOPD = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+
+	exports.f = __webpack_require__(6) ? gOPD : function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P) {
+	  O = toIObject(O);
+	  P = toPrimitive(P, true);
+	  if (IE8_DOM_DEFINE) try {
+	    return gOPD(O, P);
+	  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }
+	  if (has(O, P)) return createDesc(!pIE.f.call(O, P), O[P]);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 53 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	// 19.1.2.2 / 15.2.3.5 Object.create(O [, Properties])
+	$export($export.S, 'Object', { create: __webpack_require__(47) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 54 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	// 19.1.2.4 / 15.2.3.6 Object.defineProperty(O, P, Attributes)
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(6), 'Object', { defineProperty: __webpack_require__(11).f });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 55 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	// 19.1.2.3 / 15.2.3.7 Object.defineProperties(O, Properties)
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(6), 'Object', { defineProperties: __webpack_require__(48) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 56 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.6 Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P)
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = __webpack_require__(52).f;
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('getOwnPropertyDescriptor', function () {
+	  return function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {
+	    return $getOwnPropertyDescriptor(toIObject(it), key);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 57 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// most Object methods by ES6 should accept primitives
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var core = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	module.exports = function (KEY, exec) {
+	  var fn = (core.Object || {})[KEY] || Object[KEY];
+	  var exp = {};
+	  exp[KEY] = exec(fn);
+	  $export($export.S + $export.F * fails(function () { fn(1); }), 'Object', exp);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 58 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.9 Object.getPrototypeOf(O)
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var $getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('getPrototypeOf', function () {
+	  return function getPrototypeOf(it) {
+	    return $getPrototypeOf(toObject(it));
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 59 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.9 / 15.2.3.2 Object.getPrototypeOf(O)
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var IE_PROTO = __webpack_require__(41)('IE_PROTO');
+	var ObjectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+	module.exports = Object.getPrototypeOf || function (O) {
+	  O = toObject(O);
+	  if (has(O, IE_PROTO)) return O[IE_PROTO];
+	  if (typeof O.constructor == 'function' && O instanceof O.constructor) {
+	    return O.constructor.prototype;
+	  } return O instanceof Object ? ObjectProto : null;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 60 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.14 Object.keys(O)
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var $keys = __webpack_require__(31);
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('keys', function () {
+	  return function keys(it) {
+	    return $keys(toObject(it));
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 61 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.7 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)
+	__webpack_require__(57)('getOwnPropertyNames', function () {
+	  return __webpack_require__(50).f;
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 62 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.5 Object.freeze(O)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var meta = __webpack_require__(25).onFreeze;
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('freeze', function ($freeze) {
+	  return function freeze(it) {
+	    return $freeze && isObject(it) ? $freeze(meta(it)) : it;
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 63 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.17 Object.seal(O)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var meta = __webpack_require__(25).onFreeze;
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('seal', function ($seal) {
+	  return function seal(it) {
+	    return $seal && isObject(it) ? $seal(meta(it)) : it;
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 64 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.15 Object.preventExtensions(O)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var meta = __webpack_require__(25).onFreeze;
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('preventExtensions', function ($preventExtensions) {
+	  return function preventExtensions(it) {
+	    return $preventExtensions && isObject(it) ? $preventExtensions(meta(it)) : it;
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 65 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.12 Object.isFrozen(O)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('isFrozen', function ($isFrozen) {
+	  return function isFrozen(it) {
+	    return isObject(it) ? $isFrozen ? $isFrozen(it) : false : true;
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 66 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.13 Object.isSealed(O)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('isSealed', function ($isSealed) {
+	  return function isSealed(it) {
+	    return isObject(it) ? $isSealed ? $isSealed(it) : false : true;
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 67 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.2.11 Object.isExtensible(O)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+
+	__webpack_require__(57)('isExtensible', function ($isExtensible) {
+	  return function isExtensible(it) {
+	    return isObject(it) ? $isExtensible ? $isExtensible(it) : true : false;
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 68 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.3.1 Object.assign(target, source)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F, 'Object', { assign: __webpack_require__(69) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 69 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 19.1.2.1 Object.assign(target, source, ...)
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var getKeys = __webpack_require__(31);
+	var gOPS = __webpack_require__(43);
+	var pIE = __webpack_require__(44);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var IObject = __webpack_require__(34);
+	var $assign = Object.assign;
+
+	// should work with symbols and should have deterministic property order (V8 bug)
+	module.exports = !$assign || __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  var A = {};
+	  var B = {};
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+	  var S = Symbol();
+	  var K = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrst';
+	  A[S] = 7;
+	  K.split('').forEach(function (k) { B[k] = k; });
+	  return $assign({}, A)[S] != 7 || Object.keys($assign({}, B)).join('') != K;
+	}) ? function assign(target, source) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	  var T = toObject(target);
+	  var aLen = arguments.length;
+	  var index = 1;
+	  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;
+	  var isEnum = pIE.f;
+	  while (aLen > index) {
+	    var S = IObject(arguments[index++]);
+	    var keys = getSymbols ? getKeys(S).concat(getSymbols(S)) : getKeys(S);
+	    var length = keys.length;
+	    var j = 0;
+	    var key;
+	    while (length > j) {
+	      key = keys[j++];
+	      if (!DESCRIPTORS || isEnum.call(S, key)) T[key] = S[key];
+	    }
+	  } return T;
+	} : $assign;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 70 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.3.10 Object.is(value1, value2)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	$export($export.S, 'Object', { is: __webpack_require__(71) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 71 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// 7.2.9 SameValue(x, y)
+	module.exports = Object.is || function is(x, y) {
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	  return x === y ? x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y : x != x && y != y;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 72 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.1.3.19 Object.setPrototypeOf(O, proto)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	$export($export.S, 'Object', { setPrototypeOf: __webpack_require__(73).set });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 73 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// Works with __proto__ only. Old v8 can't work with null proto objects.
+	/* eslint-disable no-proto */
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var check = function (O, proto) {
+	  anObject(O);
+	  if (!isObject(proto) && proto !== null) throw TypeError(proto + ": can't set as prototype!");
+	};
+	module.exports = {
+	  set: Object.setPrototypeOf || ('__proto__' in {} ? // eslint-disable-line
+	    function (test, buggy, set) {
+	      try {
+	        set = __webpack_require__(23)(Function.call, __webpack_require__(52).f(Object.prototype, '__proto__').set, 2);
+	        set(test, []);
+	        buggy = !(test instanceof Array);
+	      } catch (e) { buggy = true; }
+	      return function setPrototypeOf(O, proto) {
+	        check(O, proto);
+	        if (buggy) O.__proto__ = proto;
+	        else set(O, proto);
+	        return O;
+	      };
+	    }({}, false) : undefined),
+	  check: check
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 74 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 19.1.3.6 Object.prototype.toString()
+	var classof = __webpack_require__(75);
+	var test = {};
+	test[__webpack_require__(27)('toStringTag')] = 'z';
+	if (test + '' != '[object z]') {
+	  __webpack_require__(18)(Object.prototype, 'toString', function toString() {
+	    return '[object ' + classof(this) + ']';
+	  }, true);
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 75 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// getting tag from 19.1.3.6 Object.prototype.toString()
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	var TAG = __webpack_require__(27)('toStringTag');
+	// ES3 wrong here
+	var ARG = cof(function () { return arguments; }()) == 'Arguments';
+
+	// fallback for IE11 Script Access Denied error
+	var tryGet = function (it, key) {
+	  try {
+	    return it[key];
+	  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }
+	};
+
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  var O, T, B;
+	  return it === undefined ? 'Undefined' : it === null ? 'Null'
+	    // @@toStringTag case
+	    : typeof (T = tryGet(O = Object(it), TAG)) == 'string' ? T
+	    // builtinTag case
+	    : ARG ? cof(O)
+	    // ES3 arguments fallback
+	    : (B = cof(O)) == 'Object' && typeof O.callee == 'function' ? 'Arguments' : B;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 76 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 19.2.3.2 / 15.3.4.5 Function.prototype.bind(thisArg, args...)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'Function', { bind: __webpack_require__(77) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 77 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var invoke = __webpack_require__(78);
+	var arraySlice = [].slice;
+	var factories = {};
+
+	var construct = function (F, len, args) {
+	  if (!(len in factories)) {
+	    for (var n = [], i = 0; i < len; i++) n[i] = 'a[' + i + ']';
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+	    factories[len] = Function('F,a', 'return new F(' + n.join(',') + ')');
+	  } return factories[len](F, args);
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Function.bind || function bind(that /* , ...args */) {
+	  var fn = aFunction(this);
+	  var partArgs = arraySlice.call(arguments, 1);
+	  var bound = function (/* args... */) {
+	    var args = partArgs.concat(arraySlice.call(arguments));
+	    return this instanceof bound ? construct(fn, args.length, args) : invoke(fn, args, that);
+	  };
+	  if (isObject(fn.prototype)) bound.prototype = fn.prototype;
+	  return bound;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 78 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// fast apply, http://jsperf.lnkit.com/fast-apply/5
+	module.exports = function (fn, args, that) {
+	  var un = that === undefined;
+	  switch (args.length) {
+	    case 0: return un ? fn()
+	                      : fn.call(that);
+	    case 1: return un ? fn(args[0])
+	                      : fn.call(that, args[0]);
+	    case 2: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1])
+	                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1]);
+	    case 3: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1], args[2])
+	                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+	    case 4: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3])
+	                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
+	  } return fn.apply(that, args);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 79 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var FProto = Function.prototype;
+	var nameRE = /^\s*function ([^ (]*)/;
+	var NAME = 'name';
+
+	// 19.2.4.2 name
+	NAME in FProto || __webpack_require__(6) && dP(FProto, NAME, {
+	  configurable: true,
+	  get: function () {
+	    try {
+	      return ('' + this).match(nameRE)[1];
+	    } catch (e) {
+	      return '';
+	    }
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 80 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var HAS_INSTANCE = __webpack_require__(27)('hasInstance');
+	var FunctionProto = Function.prototype;
+	// 19.2.3.6 Function.prototype[@@hasInstance](V)
+	if (!(HAS_INSTANCE in FunctionProto)) __webpack_require__(11).f(FunctionProto, HAS_INSTANCE, { value: function (O) {
+	  if (typeof this != 'function' || !isObject(O)) return false;
+	  if (!isObject(this.prototype)) return O instanceof this;
+	  // for environment w/o native `@@hasInstance` logic enough `instanceof`, but add this:
+	  while (O = getPrototypeOf(O)) if (this.prototype === O) return true;
+	  return false;
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 81 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $parseInt = __webpack_require__(82);
+	// 18.2.5 parseInt(string, radix)
+	$export($export.G + $export.F * (parseInt != $parseInt), { parseInt: $parseInt });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 82 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $parseInt = __webpack_require__(4).parseInt;
+	var $trim = __webpack_require__(83).trim;
+	var ws = __webpack_require__(84);
+	var hex = /^[-+]?0[xX]/;
+
+	module.exports = $parseInt(ws + '08') !== 8 || $parseInt(ws + '0x16') !== 22 ? function parseInt(str, radix) {
+	  var string = $trim(String(str), 3);
+	  return $parseInt(string, (radix >>> 0) || (hex.test(string) ? 16 : 10));
+	} : $parseInt;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 83 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var spaces = __webpack_require__(84);
+	var space = '[' + spaces + ']';
+	var non = '\u200b\u0085';
+	var ltrim = RegExp('^' + space + space + '*');
+	var rtrim = RegExp(space + space + '*$');
+
+	var exporter = function (KEY, exec, ALIAS) {
+	  var exp = {};
+	  var FORCE = fails(function () {
+	    return !!spaces[KEY]() || non[KEY]() != non;
+	  });
+	  var fn = exp[KEY] = FORCE ? exec(trim) : spaces[KEY];
+	  if (ALIAS) exp[ALIAS] = fn;
+	  $export($export.P + $export.F * FORCE, 'String', exp);
+	};
+
+	// 1 -> String#trimLeft
+	// 2 -> String#trimRight
+	// 3 -> String#trim
+	var trim = exporter.trim = function (string, TYPE) {
+	  string = String(defined(string));
+	  if (TYPE & 1) string = string.replace(ltrim, '');
+	  if (TYPE & 2) string = string.replace(rtrim, '');
+	  return string;
+	};
+
+	module.exports = exporter;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 84 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = '\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x20\xA0\u1680\u180E\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003' +
+	  '\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200A\u202F\u205F\u3000\u2028\u2029\uFEFF';
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 85 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $parseFloat = __webpack_require__(86);
+	// 18.2.4 parseFloat(string)
+	$export($export.G + $export.F * (parseFloat != $parseFloat), { parseFloat: $parseFloat });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 86 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $parseFloat = __webpack_require__(4).parseFloat;
+	var $trim = __webpack_require__(83).trim;
+
+	module.exports = 1 / $parseFloat(__webpack_require__(84) + '-0') !== -Infinity ? function parseFloat(str) {
+	  var string = $trim(String(str), 3);
+	  var result = $parseFloat(string);
+	  return result === 0 && string.charAt(0) == '-' ? -0 : result;
+	} : $parseFloat;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 87 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	var inheritIfRequired = __webpack_require__(88);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var gOPN = __webpack_require__(51).f;
+	var gOPD = __webpack_require__(52).f;
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var $trim = __webpack_require__(83).trim;
+	var NUMBER = 'Number';
+	var $Number = global[NUMBER];
+	var Base = $Number;
+	var proto = $Number.prototype;
+	// Opera ~12 has broken Object#toString
+	var BROKEN_COF = cof(__webpack_require__(47)(proto)) == NUMBER;
+	var TRIM = 'trim' in String.prototype;
+
+	// 7.1.3 ToNumber(argument)
+	var toNumber = function (argument) {
+	  var it = toPrimitive(argument, false);
+	  if (typeof it == 'string' && it.length > 2) {
+	    it = TRIM ? it.trim() : $trim(it, 3);
+	    var first = it.charCodeAt(0);
+	    var third, radix, maxCode;
+	    if (first === 43 || first === 45) {
+	      third = it.charCodeAt(2);
+	      if (third === 88 || third === 120) return NaN; // Number('+0x1') should be NaN, old V8 fix
+	    } else if (first === 48) {
+	      switch (it.charCodeAt(1)) {
+	        case 66: case 98: radix = 2; maxCode = 49; break; // fast equal /^0b[01]+$/i
+	        case 79: case 111: radix = 8; maxCode = 55; break; // fast equal /^0o[0-7]+$/i
+	        default: return +it;
+	      }
+	      for (var digits = it.slice(2), i = 0, l = digits.length, code; i < l; i++) {
+	        code = digits.charCodeAt(i);
+	        // parseInt parses a string to a first unavailable symbol
+	        // but ToNumber should return NaN if a string contains unavailable symbols
+	        if (code < 48 || code > maxCode) return NaN;
+	      } return parseInt(digits, radix);
+	    }
+	  } return +it;
+	};
+
+	if (!$Number(' 0o1') || !$Number('0b1') || $Number('+0x1')) {
+	  $Number = function Number(value) {
+	    var it = arguments.length < 1 ? 0 : value;
+	    var that = this;
+	    return that instanceof $Number
+	      // check on 1..constructor(foo) case
+	      && (BROKEN_COF ? fails(function () { proto.valueOf.call(that); }) : cof(that) != NUMBER)
+	        ? inheritIfRequired(new Base(toNumber(it)), that, $Number) : toNumber(it);
+	  };
+	  for (var keys = __webpack_require__(6) ? gOPN(Base) : (
+	    // ES3:
+	    'MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE,NaN,NEGATIVE_INFINITY,POSITIVE_INFINITY,' +
+	    // ES6 (in case, if modules with ES6 Number statics required before):
+	    'EPSILON,isFinite,isInteger,isNaN,isSafeInteger,MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,' +
+	    'MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,parseFloat,parseInt,isInteger'
+	  ).split(','), j = 0, key; keys.length > j; j++) {
+	    if (has(Base, key = keys[j]) && !has($Number, key)) {
+	      dP($Number, key, gOPD(Base, key));
+	    }
+	  }
+	  $Number.prototype = proto;
+	  proto.constructor = $Number;
+	  __webpack_require__(18)(global, NUMBER, $Number);
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 88 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var setPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(73).set;
+	module.exports = function (that, target, C) {
+	  var S = target.constructor;
+	  var P;
+	  if (S !== C && typeof S == 'function' && (P = S.prototype) !== C.prototype && isObject(P) && setPrototypeOf) {
+	    setPrototypeOf(that, P);
+	  } return that;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 89 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var aNumberValue = __webpack_require__(90);
+	var repeat = __webpack_require__(91);
+	var $toFixed = 1.0.toFixed;
+	var floor = Math.floor;
+	var data = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+	var ERROR = 'Number.toFixed: incorrect invocation!';
+	var ZERO = '0';
+
+	var multiply = function (n, c) {
+	  var i = -1;
+	  var c2 = c;
+	  while (++i < 6) {
+	    c2 += n * data[i];
+	    data[i] = c2 % 1e7;
+	    c2 = floor(c2 / 1e7);
+	  }
+	};
+	var divide = function (n) {
+	  var i = 6;
+	  var c = 0;
+	  while (--i >= 0) {
+	    c += data[i];
+	    data[i] = floor(c / n);
+	    c = (c % n) * 1e7;
+	  }
+	};
+	var numToString = function () {
+	  var i = 6;
+	  var s = '';
+	  while (--i >= 0) {
+	    if (s !== '' || i === 0 || data[i] !== 0) {
+	      var t = String(data[i]);
+	      s = s === '' ? t : s + repeat.call(ZERO, 7 - t.length) + t;
+	    }
+	  } return s;
+	};
+	var pow = function (x, n, acc) {
+	  return n === 0 ? acc : n % 2 === 1 ? pow(x, n - 1, acc * x) : pow(x * x, n / 2, acc);
+	};
+	var log = function (x) {
+	  var n = 0;
+	  var x2 = x;
+	  while (x2 >= 4096) {
+	    n += 12;
+	    x2 /= 4096;
+	  }
+	  while (x2 >= 2) {
+	    n += 1;
+	    x2 /= 2;
+	  } return n;
+	};
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * (!!$toFixed && (
+	  0.00008.toFixed(3) !== '0.000' ||
+	  0.9.toFixed(0) !== '1' ||
+	  1.255.toFixed(2) !== '1.25' ||
+	  1000000000000000128.0.toFixed(0) !== '1000000000000000128'
+	) || !__webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  // V8 ~ Android 4.3-
+	  $toFixed.call({});
+	})), 'Number', {
+	  toFixed: function toFixed(fractionDigits) {
+	    var x = aNumberValue(this, ERROR);
+	    var f = toInteger(fractionDigits);
+	    var s = '';
+	    var m = ZERO;
+	    var e, z, j, k;
+	    if (f < 0 || f > 20) throw RangeError(ERROR);
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	    if (x != x) return 'NaN';
+	    if (x <= -1e21 || x >= 1e21) return String(x);
+	    if (x < 0) {
+	      s = '-';
+	      x = -x;
+	    }
+	    if (x > 1e-21) {
+	      e = log(x * pow(2, 69, 1)) - 69;
+	      z = e < 0 ? x * pow(2, -e, 1) : x / pow(2, e, 1);
+	      z *= 0x10000000000000;
+	      e = 52 - e;
+	      if (e > 0) {
+	        multiply(0, z);
+	        j = f;
+	        while (j >= 7) {
+	          multiply(1e7, 0);
+	          j -= 7;
+	        }
+	        multiply(pow(10, j, 1), 0);
+	        j = e - 1;
+	        while (j >= 23) {
+	          divide(1 << 23);
+	          j -= 23;
+	        }
+	        divide(1 << j);
+	        multiply(1, 1);
+	        divide(2);
+	        m = numToString();
+	      } else {
+	        multiply(0, z);
+	        multiply(1 << -e, 0);
+	        m = numToString() + repeat.call(ZERO, f);
+	      }
+	    }
+	    if (f > 0) {
+	      k = m.length;
+	      m = s + (k <= f ? '0.' + repeat.call(ZERO, f - k) + m : m.slice(0, k - f) + '.' + m.slice(k - f));
+	    } else {
+	      m = s + m;
+	    } return m;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 90 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	module.exports = function (it, msg) {
+	  if (typeof it != 'number' && cof(it) != 'Number') throw TypeError(msg);
+	  return +it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 91 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+
+	module.exports = function repeat(count) {
+	  var str = String(defined(this));
+	  var res = '';
+	  var n = toInteger(count);
+	  if (n < 0 || n == Infinity) throw RangeError("Count can't be negative");
+	  for (;n > 0; (n >>>= 1) && (str += str)) if (n & 1) res += str;
+	  return res;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 92 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var aNumberValue = __webpack_require__(90);
+	var $toPrecision = 1.0.toPrecision;
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * ($fails(function () {
+	  // IE7-
+	  return $toPrecision.call(1, undefined) !== '1';
+	}) || !$fails(function () {
+	  // V8 ~ Android 4.3-
+	  $toPrecision.call({});
+	})), 'Number', {
+	  toPrecision: function toPrecision(precision) {
+	    var that = aNumberValue(this, 'Number#toPrecision: incorrect invocation!');
+	    return precision === undefined ? $toPrecision.call(that) : $toPrecision.call(that, precision);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 93 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.1 Number.EPSILON
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', { EPSILON: Math.pow(2, -52) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 94 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.2 Number.isFinite(number)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var _isFinite = __webpack_require__(4).isFinite;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', {
+	  isFinite: function isFinite(it) {
+	    return typeof it == 'number' && _isFinite(it);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 95 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.3 Number.isInteger(number)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', { isInteger: __webpack_require__(96) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 96 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.3 Number.isInteger(number)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var floor = Math.floor;
+	module.exports = function isInteger(it) {
+	  return !isObject(it) && isFinite(it) && floor(it) === it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 97 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.4 Number.isNaN(number)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', {
+	  isNaN: function isNaN(number) {
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	    return number != number;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 98 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.5 Number.isSafeInteger(number)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var isInteger = __webpack_require__(96);
+	var abs = Math.abs;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', {
+	  isSafeInteger: function isSafeInteger(number) {
+	    return isInteger(number) && abs(number) <= 0x1fffffffffffff;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 99 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.6 Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', { MAX_SAFE_INTEGER: 0x1fffffffffffff });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 100 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.1.2.10 Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Number', { MIN_SAFE_INTEGER: -0x1fffffffffffff });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 101 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $parseFloat = __webpack_require__(86);
+	// 20.1.2.12 Number.parseFloat(string)
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * (Number.parseFloat != $parseFloat), 'Number', { parseFloat: $parseFloat });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 102 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $parseInt = __webpack_require__(82);
+	// 20.1.2.13 Number.parseInt(string, radix)
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * (Number.parseInt != $parseInt), 'Number', { parseInt: $parseInt });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 103 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.3 Math.acosh(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var log1p = __webpack_require__(104);
+	var sqrt = Math.sqrt;
+	var $acosh = Math.acosh;
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !($acosh
+	  // V8 bug: https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3509
+	  && Math.floor($acosh(Number.MAX_VALUE)) == 710
+	  // Tor Browser bug: Math.acosh(Infinity) -> NaN
+	  && $acosh(Infinity) == Infinity
+	), 'Math', {
+	  acosh: function acosh(x) {
+	    return (x = +x) < 1 ? NaN : x > 94906265.62425156
+	      ? Math.log(x) + Math.LN2
+	      : log1p(x - 1 + sqrt(x - 1) * sqrt(x + 1));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 104 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.20 Math.log1p(x)
+	module.exports = Math.log1p || function log1p(x) {
+	  return (x = +x) > -1e-8 && x < 1e-8 ? x - x * x / 2 : Math.log(1 + x);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 105 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.5 Math.asinh(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $asinh = Math.asinh;
+
+	function asinh(x) {
+	  return !isFinite(x = +x) || x == 0 ? x : x < 0 ? -asinh(-x) : Math.log(x + Math.sqrt(x * x + 1));
+	}
+
+	// Tor Browser bug: Math.asinh(0) -> -0
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !($asinh && 1 / $asinh(0) > 0), 'Math', { asinh: asinh });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 106 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.7 Math.atanh(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $atanh = Math.atanh;
+
+	// Tor Browser bug: Math.atanh(-0) -> 0
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !($atanh && 1 / $atanh(-0) < 0), 'Math', {
+	  atanh: function atanh(x) {
+	    return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : Math.log((1 + x) / (1 - x)) / 2;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 107 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.9 Math.cbrt(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var sign = __webpack_require__(108);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  cbrt: function cbrt(x) {
+	    return sign(x = +x) * Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 1 / 3);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 108 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.28 Math.sign(x)
+	module.exports = Math.sign || function sign(x) {
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	  return (x = +x) == 0 || x != x ? x : x < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 109 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.11 Math.clz32(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  clz32: function clz32(x) {
+	    return (x >>>= 0) ? 31 - Math.floor(Math.log(x + 0.5) * Math.LOG2E) : 32;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 110 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.12 Math.cosh(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var exp = Math.exp;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  cosh: function cosh(x) {
+	    return (exp(x = +x) + exp(-x)) / 2;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 111 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.14 Math.expm1(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $expm1 = __webpack_require__(112);
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * ($expm1 != Math.expm1), 'Math', { expm1: $expm1 });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 112 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.14 Math.expm1(x)
+	var $expm1 = Math.expm1;
+	module.exports = (!$expm1
+	  // Old FF bug
+	  || $expm1(10) > 22025.465794806719 || $expm1(10) < 22025.4657948067165168
+	  // Tor Browser bug
+	  || $expm1(-2e-17) != -2e-17
+	) ? function expm1(x) {
+	  return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : x > -1e-6 && x < 1e-6 ? x + x * x / 2 : Math.exp(x) - 1;
+	} : $expm1;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 113 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.16 Math.fround(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { fround: __webpack_require__(114) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 114 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.16 Math.fround(x)
+	var sign = __webpack_require__(108);
+	var pow = Math.pow;
+	var EPSILON = pow(2, -52);
+	var EPSILON32 = pow(2, -23);
+	var MAX32 = pow(2, 127) * (2 - EPSILON32);
+	var MIN32 = pow(2, -126);
+
+	var roundTiesToEven = function (n) {
+	  return n + 1 / EPSILON - 1 / EPSILON;
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Math.fround || function fround(x) {
+	  var $abs = Math.abs(x);
+	  var $sign = sign(x);
+	  var a, result;
+	  if ($abs < MIN32) return $sign * roundTiesToEven($abs / MIN32 / EPSILON32) * MIN32 * EPSILON32;
+	  a = (1 + EPSILON32 / EPSILON) * $abs;
+	  result = a - (a - $abs);
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	  if (result > MAX32 || result != result) return $sign * Infinity;
+	  return $sign * result;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 115 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.17 Math.hypot([value1[, value2[, … ]]])
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var abs = Math.abs;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  hypot: function hypot(value1, value2) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	    var sum = 0;
+	    var i = 0;
+	    var aLen = arguments.length;
+	    var larg = 0;
+	    var arg, div;
+	    while (i < aLen) {
+	      arg = abs(arguments[i++]);
+	      if (larg < arg) {
+	        div = larg / arg;
+	        sum = sum * div * div + 1;
+	        larg = arg;
+	      } else if (arg > 0) {
+	        div = arg / larg;
+	        sum += div * div;
+	      } else sum += arg;
+	    }
+	    return larg === Infinity ? Infinity : larg * Math.sqrt(sum);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 116 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.18 Math.imul(x, y)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $imul = Math.imul;
+
+	// some WebKit versions fails with big numbers, some has wrong arity
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return $imul(0xffffffff, 5) != -5 || $imul.length != 2;
+	}), 'Math', {
+	  imul: function imul(x, y) {
+	    var UINT16 = 0xffff;
+	    var xn = +x;
+	    var yn = +y;
+	    var xl = UINT16 & xn;
+	    var yl = UINT16 & yn;
+	    return 0 | xl * yl + ((UINT16 & xn >>> 16) * yl + xl * (UINT16 & yn >>> 16) << 16 >>> 0);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 117 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.21 Math.log10(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  log10: function log10(x) {
+	    return Math.log(x) * Math.LOG10E;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 118 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.20 Math.log1p(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { log1p: __webpack_require__(104) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 119 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.22 Math.log2(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  log2: function log2(x) {
+	    return Math.log(x) / Math.LN2;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 120 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.28 Math.sign(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { sign: __webpack_require__(108) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 121 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.30 Math.sinh(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var expm1 = __webpack_require__(112);
+	var exp = Math.exp;
+
+	// V8 near Chromium 38 has a problem with very small numbers
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return !Math.sinh(-2e-17) != -2e-17;
+	}), 'Math', {
+	  sinh: function sinh(x) {
+	    return Math.abs(x = +x) < 1
+	      ? (expm1(x) - expm1(-x)) / 2
+	      : (exp(x - 1) - exp(-x - 1)) * (Math.E / 2);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 122 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.33 Math.tanh(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var expm1 = __webpack_require__(112);
+	var exp = Math.exp;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  tanh: function tanh(x) {
+	    var a = expm1(x = +x);
+	    var b = expm1(-x);
+	    return a == Infinity ? 1 : b == Infinity ? -1 : (a - b) / (exp(x) + exp(-x));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 123 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.2.2.34 Math.trunc(x)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  trunc: function trunc(it) {
+	    return (it > 0 ? Math.floor : Math.ceil)(it);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 124 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	var fromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;
+	var $fromCodePoint = String.fromCodePoint;
+
+	// length should be 1, old FF problem
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * (!!$fromCodePoint && $fromCodePoint.length != 1), 'String', {
+	  // 21.1.2.2 String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints)
+	  fromCodePoint: function fromCodePoint(x) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	    var res = [];
+	    var aLen = arguments.length;
+	    var i = 0;
+	    var code;
+	    while (aLen > i) {
+	      code = +arguments[i++];
+	      if (toAbsoluteIndex(code, 0x10ffff) !== code) throw RangeError(code + ' is not a valid code point');
+	      res.push(code < 0x10000
+	        ? fromCharCode(code)
+	        : fromCharCode(((code -= 0x10000) >> 10) + 0xd800, code % 0x400 + 0xdc00)
+	      );
+	    } return res.join('');
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 125 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'String', {
+	  // 21.1.2.4 String.raw(callSite, ...substitutions)
+	  raw: function raw(callSite) {
+	    var tpl = toIObject(callSite.raw);
+	    var len = toLength(tpl.length);
+	    var aLen = arguments.length;
+	    var res = [];
+	    var i = 0;
+	    while (len > i) {
+	      res.push(String(tpl[i++]));
+	      if (i < aLen) res.push(String(arguments[i]));
+	    } return res.join('');
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 126 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 21.1.3.25 String.prototype.trim()
+	__webpack_require__(83)('trim', function ($trim) {
+	  return function trim() {
+	    return $trim(this, 3);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 127 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $at = __webpack_require__(128)(true);
+
+	// 21.1.3.27 String.prototype[@@iterator]()
+	__webpack_require__(129)(String, 'String', function (iterated) {
+	  this._t = String(iterated); // target
+	  this._i = 0;                // next index
+	// 21.1.5.2.1 %StringIteratorPrototype%.next()
+	}, function () {
+	  var O = this._t;
+	  var index = this._i;
+	  var point;
+	  if (index >= O.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };
+	  point = $at(O, index);
+	  this._i += point.length;
+	  return { value: point, done: false };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 128 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	// true  -> String#at
+	// false -> String#codePointAt
+	module.exports = function (TO_STRING) {
+	  return function (that, pos) {
+	    var s = String(defined(that));
+	    var i = toInteger(pos);
+	    var l = s.length;
+	    var a, b;
+	    if (i < 0 || i >= l) return TO_STRING ? '' : undefined;
+	    a = s.charCodeAt(i);
+	    return a < 0xd800 || a > 0xdbff || i + 1 === l || (b = s.charCodeAt(i + 1)) < 0xdc00 || b > 0xdfff
+	      ? TO_STRING ? s.charAt(i) : a
+	      : TO_STRING ? s.slice(i, i + 2) : (a - 0xd800 << 10) + (b - 0xdc00) + 0x10000;
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 129 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var LIBRARY = __webpack_require__(22);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var Iterators = __webpack_require__(130);
+	var $iterCreate = __webpack_require__(131);
+	var setToStringTag = __webpack_require__(26);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var ITERATOR = __webpack_require__(27)('iterator');
+	var BUGGY = !([].keys && 'next' in [].keys()); // Safari has buggy iterators w/o `next`
+	var FF_ITERATOR = '@@iterator';
+	var KEYS = 'keys';
+	var VALUES = 'values';
+
+	var returnThis = function () { return this; };
+
+	module.exports = function (Base, NAME, Constructor, next, DEFAULT, IS_SET, FORCED) {
+	  $iterCreate(Constructor, NAME, next);
+	  var getMethod = function (kind) {
+	    if (!BUGGY && kind in proto) return proto[kind];
+	    switch (kind) {
+	      case KEYS: return function keys() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };
+	      case VALUES: return function values() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };
+	    } return function entries() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };
+	  };
+	  var TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';
+	  var DEF_VALUES = DEFAULT == VALUES;
+	  var VALUES_BUG = false;
+	  var proto = Base.prototype;
+	  var $native = proto[ITERATOR] || proto[FF_ITERATOR] || DEFAULT && proto[DEFAULT];
+	  var $default = $native || getMethod(DEFAULT);
+	  var $entries = DEFAULT ? !DEF_VALUES ? $default : getMethod('entries') : undefined;
+	  var $anyNative = NAME == 'Array' ? proto.entries || $native : $native;
+	  var methods, key, IteratorPrototype;
+	  // Fix native
+	  if ($anyNative) {
+	    IteratorPrototype = getPrototypeOf($anyNative.call(new Base()));
+	    if (IteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype && IteratorPrototype.next) {
+	      // Set @@toStringTag to native iterators
+	      setToStringTag(IteratorPrototype, TAG, true);
+	      // fix for some old engines
+	      if (!LIBRARY && typeof IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR] != 'function') hide(IteratorPrototype, ITERATOR, returnThis);
+	    }
+	  }
+	  // fix Array#{values, @@iterator}.name in V8 / FF
+	  if (DEF_VALUES && $native && $native.name !== VALUES) {
+	    VALUES_BUG = true;
+	    $default = function values() { return $native.call(this); };
+	  }
+	  // Define iterator
+	  if ((!LIBRARY || FORCED) && (BUGGY || VALUES_BUG || !proto[ITERATOR])) {
+	    hide(proto, ITERATOR, $default);
+	  }
+	  // Plug for library
+	  Iterators[NAME] = $default;
+	  Iterators[TAG] = returnThis;
+	  if (DEFAULT) {
+	    methods = {
+	      values: DEF_VALUES ? $default : getMethod(VALUES),
+	      keys: IS_SET ? $default : getMethod(KEYS),
+	      entries: $entries
+	    };
+	    if (FORCED) for (key in methods) {
+	      if (!(key in proto)) redefine(proto, key, methods[key]);
+	    } else $export($export.P + $export.F * (BUGGY || VALUES_BUG), NAME, methods);
+	  }
+	  return methods;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 130 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = {};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 131 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var create = __webpack_require__(47);
+	var descriptor = __webpack_require__(17);
+	var setToStringTag = __webpack_require__(26);
+	var IteratorPrototype = {};
+
+	// 25.1.2.1.1 %IteratorPrototype%[@@iterator]()
+	__webpack_require__(10)(IteratorPrototype, __webpack_require__(27)('iterator'), function () { return this; });
+
+	module.exports = function (Constructor, NAME, next) {
+	  Constructor.prototype = create(IteratorPrototype, { next: descriptor(1, next) });
+	  setToStringTag(Constructor, NAME + ' Iterator');
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 132 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $at = __webpack_require__(128)(false);
+	$export($export.P, 'String', {
+	  // 21.1.3.3 String.prototype.codePointAt(pos)
+	  codePointAt: function codePointAt(pos) {
+	    return $at(this, pos);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 133 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 21.1.3.6 String.prototype.endsWith(searchString [, endPosition])
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var context = __webpack_require__(134);
+	var ENDS_WITH = 'endsWith';
+	var $endsWith = ''[ENDS_WITH];
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * __webpack_require__(136)(ENDS_WITH), 'String', {
+	  endsWith: function endsWith(searchString /* , endPosition = @length */) {
+	    var that = context(this, searchString, ENDS_WITH);
+	    var endPosition = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+	    var len = toLength(that.length);
+	    var end = endPosition === undefined ? len : Math.min(toLength(endPosition), len);
+	    var search = String(searchString);
+	    return $endsWith
+	      ? $endsWith.call(that, search, end)
+	      : that.slice(end - search.length, end) === search;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 134 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// helper for String#{startsWith, endsWith, includes}
+	var isRegExp = __webpack_require__(135);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+
+	module.exports = function (that, searchString, NAME) {
+	  if (isRegExp(searchString)) throw TypeError('String#' + NAME + " doesn't accept regex!");
+	  return String(defined(that));
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 135 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 7.2.8 IsRegExp(argument)
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	var MATCH = __webpack_require__(27)('match');
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  var isRegExp;
+	  return isObject(it) && ((isRegExp = it[MATCH]) !== undefined ? !!isRegExp : cof(it) == 'RegExp');
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 136 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var MATCH = __webpack_require__(27)('match');
+	module.exports = function (KEY) {
+	  var re = /./;
+	  try {
+	    '/./'[KEY](re);
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    try {
+	      re[MATCH] = false;
+	      return !'/./'[KEY](re);
+	    } catch (f) { /* empty */ }
+	  } return true;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 137 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 21.1.3.7 String.prototype.includes(searchString, position = 0)
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var context = __webpack_require__(134);
+	var INCLUDES = 'includes';
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * __webpack_require__(136)(INCLUDES), 'String', {
+	  includes: function includes(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {
+	    return !!~context(this, searchString, INCLUDES)
+	      .indexOf(searchString, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 138 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'String', {
+	  // 21.1.3.13 String.prototype.repeat(count)
+	  repeat: __webpack_require__(91)
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 139 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 21.1.3.18 String.prototype.startsWith(searchString [, position ])
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var context = __webpack_require__(134);
+	var STARTS_WITH = 'startsWith';
+	var $startsWith = ''[STARTS_WITH];
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * __webpack_require__(136)(STARTS_WITH), 'String', {
+	  startsWith: function startsWith(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {
+	    var that = context(this, searchString, STARTS_WITH);
+	    var index = toLength(Math.min(arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, that.length));
+	    var search = String(searchString);
+	    return $startsWith
+	      ? $startsWith.call(that, search, index)
+	      : that.slice(index, index + search.length) === search;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 140 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.2 String.prototype.anchor(name)
+	__webpack_require__(141)('anchor', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function anchor(name) {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'a', 'name', name);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 141 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	var quot = /"/g;
+	// B.2.3.2.1 CreateHTML(string, tag, attribute, value)
+	var createHTML = function (string, tag, attribute, value) {
+	  var S = String(defined(string));
+	  var p1 = '<' + tag;
+	  if (attribute !== '') p1 += ' ' + attribute + '="' + String(value).replace(quot, '&quot;') + '"';
+	  return p1 + '>' + S + '</' + tag + '>';
+	};
+	module.exports = function (NAME, exec) {
+	  var O = {};
+	  O[NAME] = exec(createHTML);
+	  $export($export.P + $export.F * fails(function () {
+	    var test = ''[NAME]('"');
+	    return test !== test.toLowerCase() || test.split('"').length > 3;
+	  }), 'String', O);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 142 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.3 String.prototype.big()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('big', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function big() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'big', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 143 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.4 String.prototype.blink()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('blink', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function blink() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'blink', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 144 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.5 String.prototype.bold()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('bold', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function bold() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'b', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 145 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.6 String.prototype.fixed()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('fixed', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function fixed() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'tt', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 146 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.7 String.prototype.fontcolor(color)
+	__webpack_require__(141)('fontcolor', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function fontcolor(color) {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'font', 'color', color);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 147 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.8 String.prototype.fontsize(size)
+	__webpack_require__(141)('fontsize', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function fontsize(size) {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'font', 'size', size);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 148 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.9 String.prototype.italics()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('italics', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function italics() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'i', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 149 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.10 String.prototype.link(url)
+	__webpack_require__(141)('link', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function link(url) {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'a', 'href', url);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 150 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.11 String.prototype.small()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('small', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function small() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'small', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 151 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.12 String.prototype.strike()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('strike', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function strike() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'strike', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 152 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.13 String.prototype.sub()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('sub', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function sub() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'sub', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 153 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// B.2.3.14 String.prototype.sup()
+	__webpack_require__(141)('sup', function (createHTML) {
+	  return function sup() {
+	    return createHTML(this, 'sup', '', '');
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 154 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.3.3.1 / 15.9.4.4 Date.now()
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Date', { now: function () { return new Date().getTime(); } });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 155 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return new Date(NaN).toJSON() !== null
+	    || Date.prototype.toJSON.call({ toISOString: function () { return 1; } }) !== 1;
+	}), 'Date', {
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+	  toJSON: function toJSON(key) {
+	    var O = toObject(this);
+	    var pv = toPrimitive(O);
+	    return typeof pv == 'number' && !isFinite(pv) ? null : O.toISOString();
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 156 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 20.3.4.36 / 15.9.5.43 Date.prototype.toISOString()
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toISOString = __webpack_require__(157);
+
+	// PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * (Date.prototype.toISOString !== toISOString), 'Date', {
+	  toISOString: toISOString
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 157 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 20.3.4.36 / 15.9.5.43 Date.prototype.toISOString()
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var getTime = Date.prototype.getTime;
+	var $toISOString = Date.prototype.toISOString;
+
+	var lz = function (num) {
+	  return num > 9 ? num : '0' + num;
+	};
+
+	// PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations
+	module.exports = (fails(function () {
+	  return $toISOString.call(new Date(-5e13 - 1)) != '0385-07-25T07:06:39.999Z';
+	}) || !fails(function () {
+	  $toISOString.call(new Date(NaN));
+	})) ? function toISOString() {
+	  if (!isFinite(getTime.call(this))) throw RangeError('Invalid time value');
+	  var d = this;
+	  var y = d.getUTCFullYear();
+	  var m = d.getUTCMilliseconds();
+	  var s = y < 0 ? '-' : y > 9999 ? '+' : '';
+	  return s + ('00000' + Math.abs(y)).slice(s ? -6 : -4) +
+	    '-' + lz(d.getUTCMonth() + 1) + '-' + lz(d.getUTCDate()) +
+	    'T' + lz(d.getUTCHours()) + ':' + lz(d.getUTCMinutes()) +
+	    ':' + lz(d.getUTCSeconds()) + '.' + (m > 99 ? m : '0' + lz(m)) + 'Z';
+	} : $toISOString;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 158 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var DateProto = Date.prototype;
+	var INVALID_DATE = 'Invalid Date';
+	var TO_STRING = 'toString';
+	var $toString = DateProto[TO_STRING];
+	var getTime = DateProto.getTime;
+	if (new Date(NaN) + '' != INVALID_DATE) {
+	  __webpack_require__(18)(DateProto, TO_STRING, function toString() {
+	    var value = getTime.call(this);
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	    return value === value ? $toString.call(this) : INVALID_DATE;
+	  });
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 159 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var TO_PRIMITIVE = __webpack_require__(27)('toPrimitive');
+	var proto = Date.prototype;
+
+	if (!(TO_PRIMITIVE in proto)) __webpack_require__(10)(proto, TO_PRIMITIVE, __webpack_require__(160));
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 160 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var NUMBER = 'number';
+
+	module.exports = function (hint) {
+	  if (hint !== 'string' && hint !== NUMBER && hint !== 'default') throw TypeError('Incorrect hint');
+	  return toPrimitive(anObject(this), hint != NUMBER);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 161 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 22.1.2.2 / 15.4.3.2 Array.isArray(arg)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Array', { isArray: __webpack_require__(45) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 162 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var call = __webpack_require__(163);
+	var isArrayIter = __webpack_require__(164);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var createProperty = __webpack_require__(165);
+	var getIterFn = __webpack_require__(166);
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(167)(function (iter) { Array.from(iter); }), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.2.1 Array.from(arrayLike, mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined)
+	  from: function from(arrayLike /* , mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined */) {
+	    var O = toObject(arrayLike);
+	    var C = typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array;
+	    var aLen = arguments.length;
+	    var mapfn = aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+	    var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;
+	    var index = 0;
+	    var iterFn = getIterFn(O);
+	    var length, result, step, iterator;
+	    if (mapping) mapfn = ctx(mapfn, aLen > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined, 2);
+	    // if object isn't iterable or it's array with default iterator - use simple case
+	    if (iterFn != undefined && !(C == Array && isArrayIter(iterFn))) {
+	      for (iterator = iterFn.call(O), result = new C(); !(step = iterator.next()).done; index++) {
+	        createProperty(result, index, mapping ? call(iterator, mapfn, [step.value, index], true) : step.value);
+	      }
+	    } else {
+	      length = toLength(O.length);
+	      for (result = new C(length); length > index; index++) {
+	        createProperty(result, index, mapping ? mapfn(O[index], index) : O[index]);
+	      }
+	    }
+	    result.length = index;
+	    return result;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 163 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// call something on iterator step with safe closing on error
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	module.exports = function (iterator, fn, value, entries) {
+	  try {
+	    return entries ? fn(anObject(value)[0], value[1]) : fn(value);
+	  // 7.4.6 IteratorClose(iterator, completion)
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    var ret = iterator['return'];
+	    if (ret !== undefined) anObject(ret.call(iterator));
+	    throw e;
+	  }
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 164 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// check on default Array iterator
+	var Iterators = __webpack_require__(130);
+	var ITERATOR = __webpack_require__(27)('iterator');
+	var ArrayProto = Array.prototype;
+
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  return it !== undefined && (Iterators.Array === it || ArrayProto[ITERATOR] === it);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 165 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $defineProperty = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var createDesc = __webpack_require__(17);
+
+	module.exports = function (object, index, value) {
+	  if (index in object) $defineProperty.f(object, index, createDesc(0, value));
+	  else object[index] = value;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 166 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var classof = __webpack_require__(75);
+	var ITERATOR = __webpack_require__(27)('iterator');
+	var Iterators = __webpack_require__(130);
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(9).getIteratorMethod = function (it) {
+	  if (it != undefined) return it[ITERATOR]
+	    || it['@@iterator']
+	    || Iterators[classof(it)];
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 167 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var ITERATOR = __webpack_require__(27)('iterator');
+	var SAFE_CLOSING = false;
+
+	try {
+	  var riter = [7][ITERATOR]();
+	  riter['return'] = function () { SAFE_CLOSING = true; };
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-throw-literal
+	  Array.from(riter, function () { throw 2; });
+	} catch (e) { /* empty */ }
+
+	module.exports = function (exec, skipClosing) {
+	  if (!skipClosing && !SAFE_CLOSING) return false;
+	  var safe = false;
+	  try {
+	    var arr = [7];
+	    var iter = arr[ITERATOR]();
+	    iter.next = function () { return { done: safe = true }; };
+	    arr[ITERATOR] = function () { return iter; };
+	    exec(arr);
+	  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }
+	  return safe;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 168 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var createProperty = __webpack_require__(165);
+
+	// WebKit Array.of isn't generic
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  function F() { /* empty */ }
+	  return !(Array.of.call(F) instanceof F);
+	}), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.2.3 Array.of( ...items)
+	  of: function of(/* ...args */) {
+	    var index = 0;
+	    var aLen = arguments.length;
+	    var result = new (typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array)(aLen);
+	    while (aLen > index) createProperty(result, index, arguments[index++]);
+	    result.length = aLen;
+	    return result;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 169 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 22.1.3.13 Array.prototype.join(separator)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var arrayJoin = [].join;
+
+	// fallback for not array-like strings
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * (__webpack_require__(34) != Object || !__webpack_require__(170)(arrayJoin)), 'Array', {
+	  join: function join(separator) {
+	    return arrayJoin.call(toIObject(this), separator === undefined ? ',' : separator);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 170 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+
+	module.exports = function (method, arg) {
+	  return !!method && fails(function () {
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-call
+	    arg ? method.call(null, function () { /* empty */ }, 1) : method.call(null);
+	  });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 171 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var html = __webpack_require__(49);
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+	var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var arraySlice = [].slice;
+
+	// fallback for not array-like ES3 strings and DOM objects
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  if (html) arraySlice.call(html);
+	}), 'Array', {
+	  slice: function slice(begin, end) {
+	    var len = toLength(this.length);
+	    var klass = cof(this);
+	    end = end === undefined ? len : end;
+	    if (klass == 'Array') return arraySlice.call(this, begin, end);
+	    var start = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, len);
+	    var upTo = toAbsoluteIndex(end, len);
+	    var size = toLength(upTo - start);
+	    var cloned = new Array(size);
+	    var i = 0;
+	    for (; i < size; i++) cloned[i] = klass == 'String'
+	      ? this.charAt(start + i)
+	      : this[start + i];
+	    return cloned;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 172 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var $sort = [].sort;
+	var test = [1, 2, 3];
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * (fails(function () {
+	  // IE8-
+	  test.sort(undefined);
+	}) || !fails(function () {
+	  // V8 bug
+	  test.sort(null);
+	  // Old WebKit
+	}) || !__webpack_require__(170)($sort)), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.25 Array.prototype.sort(comparefn)
+	  sort: function sort(comparefn) {
+	    return comparefn === undefined
+	      ? $sort.call(toObject(this))
+	      : $sort.call(toObject(this), aFunction(comparefn));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 173 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $forEach = __webpack_require__(174)(0);
+	var STRICT = __webpack_require__(170)([].forEach, true);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !STRICT, 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.10 / 15.4.4.18 Array.prototype.forEach(callbackfn [, thisArg])
+	  forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	    return $forEach(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 174 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 0 -> Array#forEach
+	// 1 -> Array#map
+	// 2 -> Array#filter
+	// 3 -> Array#some
+	// 4 -> Array#every
+	// 5 -> Array#find
+	// 6 -> Array#findIndex
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var IObject = __webpack_require__(34);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var asc = __webpack_require__(175);
+	module.exports = function (TYPE, $create) {
+	  var IS_MAP = TYPE == 1;
+	  var IS_FILTER = TYPE == 2;
+	  var IS_SOME = TYPE == 3;
+	  var IS_EVERY = TYPE == 4;
+	  var IS_FIND_INDEX = TYPE == 6;
+	  var NO_HOLES = TYPE == 5 || IS_FIND_INDEX;
+	  var create = $create || asc;
+	  return function ($this, callbackfn, that) {
+	    var O = toObject($this);
+	    var self = IObject(O);
+	    var f = ctx(callbackfn, that, 3);
+	    var length = toLength(self.length);
+	    var index = 0;
+	    var result = IS_MAP ? create($this, length) : IS_FILTER ? create($this, 0) : undefined;
+	    var val, res;
+	    for (;length > index; index++) if (NO_HOLES || index in self) {
+	      val = self[index];
+	      res = f(val, index, O);
+	      if (TYPE) {
+	        if (IS_MAP) result[index] = res;   // map
+	        else if (res) switch (TYPE) {
+	          case 3: return true;             // some
+	          case 5: return val;              // find
+	          case 6: return index;            // findIndex
+	          case 2: result.push(val);        // filter
+	        } else if (IS_EVERY) return false; // every
+	      }
+	    }
+	    return IS_FIND_INDEX ? -1 : IS_SOME || IS_EVERY ? IS_EVERY : result;
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 175 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 9.4.2.3 ArraySpeciesCreate(originalArray, length)
+	var speciesConstructor = __webpack_require__(176);
+
+	module.exports = function (original, length) {
+	  return new (speciesConstructor(original))(length);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 176 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var isArray = __webpack_require__(45);
+	var SPECIES = __webpack_require__(27)('species');
+
+	module.exports = function (original) {
+	  var C;
+	  if (isArray(original)) {
+	    C = original.constructor;
+	    // cross-realm fallback
+	    if (typeof C == 'function' && (C === Array || isArray(C.prototype))) C = undefined;
+	    if (isObject(C)) {
+	      C = C[SPECIES];
+	      if (C === null) C = undefined;
+	    }
+	  } return C === undefined ? Array : C;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 177 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $map = __webpack_require__(174)(1);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(170)([].map, true), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.15 / 15.4.4.19 Array.prototype.map(callbackfn [, thisArg])
+	  map: function map(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	    return $map(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 178 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $filter = __webpack_require__(174)(2);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(170)([].filter, true), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.7 / 15.4.4.20 Array.prototype.filter(callbackfn [, thisArg])
+	  filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	    return $filter(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 179 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $some = __webpack_require__(174)(3);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(170)([].some, true), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.23 / 15.4.4.17 Array.prototype.some(callbackfn [, thisArg])
+	  some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	    return $some(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 180 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $every = __webpack_require__(174)(4);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(170)([].every, true), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.5 / 15.4.4.16 Array.prototype.every(callbackfn [, thisArg])
+	  every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	    return $every(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 181 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $reduce = __webpack_require__(182);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(170)([].reduce, true), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.18 / 15.4.4.21 Array.prototype.reduce(callbackfn [, initialValue])
+	  reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {
+	    return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments[1], false);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 182 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var IObject = __webpack_require__(34);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+
+	module.exports = function (that, callbackfn, aLen, memo, isRight) {
+	  aFunction(callbackfn);
+	  var O = toObject(that);
+	  var self = IObject(O);
+	  var length = toLength(O.length);
+	  var index = isRight ? length - 1 : 0;
+	  var i = isRight ? -1 : 1;
+	  if (aLen < 2) for (;;) {
+	    if (index in self) {
+	      memo = self[index];
+	      index += i;
+	      break;
+	    }
+	    index += i;
+	    if (isRight ? index < 0 : length <= index) {
+	      throw TypeError('Reduce of empty array with no initial value');
+	    }
+	  }
+	  for (;isRight ? index >= 0 : length > index; index += i) if (index in self) {
+	    memo = callbackfn(memo, self[index], index, O);
+	  }
+	  return memo;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 183 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $reduce = __webpack_require__(182);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(170)([].reduceRight, true), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.19 / 15.4.4.22 Array.prototype.reduceRight(callbackfn [, initialValue])
+	  reduceRight: function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {
+	    return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments[1], true);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 184 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $indexOf = __webpack_require__(37)(false);
+	var $native = [].indexOf;
+	var NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$native && 1 / [1].indexOf(1, -0) < 0;
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * (NEGATIVE_ZERO || !__webpack_require__(170)($native)), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.11 / 15.4.4.14 Array.prototype.indexOf(searchElement [, fromIndex])
+	  indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {
+	    return NEGATIVE_ZERO
+	      // convert -0 to +0
+	      ? $native.apply(this, arguments) || 0
+	      : $indexOf(this, searchElement, arguments[1]);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 185 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var $native = [].lastIndexOf;
+	var NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$native && 1 / [1].lastIndexOf(1, -0) < 0;
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * (NEGATIVE_ZERO || !__webpack_require__(170)($native)), 'Array', {
+	  // 22.1.3.14 / 15.4.4.15 Array.prototype.lastIndexOf(searchElement [, fromIndex])
+	  lastIndexOf: function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = @[*-1] */) {
+	    // convert -0 to +0
+	    if (NEGATIVE_ZERO) return $native.apply(this, arguments) || 0;
+	    var O = toIObject(this);
+	    var length = toLength(O.length);
+	    var index = length - 1;
+	    if (arguments.length > 1) index = Math.min(index, toInteger(arguments[1]));
+	    if (index < 0) index = length + index;
+	    for (;index >= 0; index--) if (index in O) if (O[index] === searchElement) return index || 0;
+	    return -1;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 186 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 22.1.3.3 Array.prototype.copyWithin(target, start, end = this.length)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'Array', { copyWithin: __webpack_require__(187) });
+
+	__webpack_require__(188)('copyWithin');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 187 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 22.1.3.3 Array.prototype.copyWithin(target, start, end = this.length)
+	'use strict';
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+
+	module.exports = [].copyWithin || function copyWithin(target /* = 0 */, start /* = 0, end = @length */) {
+	  var O = toObject(this);
+	  var len = toLength(O.length);
+	  var to = toAbsoluteIndex(target, len);
+	  var from = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);
+	  var end = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;
+	  var count = Math.min((end === undefined ? len : toAbsoluteIndex(end, len)) - from, len - to);
+	  var inc = 1;
+	  if (from < to && to < from + count) {
+	    inc = -1;
+	    from += count - 1;
+	    to += count - 1;
+	  }
+	  while (count-- > 0) {
+	    if (from in O) O[to] = O[from];
+	    else delete O[to];
+	    to += inc;
+	    from += inc;
+	  } return O;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 188 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 22.1.3.31 Array.prototype[@@unscopables]
+	var UNSCOPABLES = __webpack_require__(27)('unscopables');
+	var ArrayProto = Array.prototype;
+	if (ArrayProto[UNSCOPABLES] == undefined) __webpack_require__(10)(ArrayProto, UNSCOPABLES, {});
+	module.exports = function (key) {
+	  ArrayProto[UNSCOPABLES][key] = true;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 189 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 22.1.3.6 Array.prototype.fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'Array', { fill: __webpack_require__(190) });
+
+	__webpack_require__(188)('fill');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 190 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 22.1.3.6 Array.prototype.fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length)
+	'use strict';
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	module.exports = function fill(value /* , start = 0, end = @length */) {
+	  var O = toObject(this);
+	  var length = toLength(O.length);
+	  var aLen = arguments.length;
+	  var index = toAbsoluteIndex(aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, length);
+	  var end = aLen > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;
+	  var endPos = end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length);
+	  while (endPos > index) O[index++] = value;
+	  return O;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 191 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 22.1.3.8 Array.prototype.find(predicate, thisArg = undefined)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $find = __webpack_require__(174)(5);
+	var KEY = 'find';
+	var forced = true;
+	// Shouldn't skip holes
+	if (KEY in []) Array(1)[KEY](function () { forced = false; });
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * forced, 'Array', {
+	  find: function find(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {
+	    return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	  }
+	});
+	__webpack_require__(188)(KEY);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 192 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 22.1.3.9 Array.prototype.findIndex(predicate, thisArg = undefined)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $find = __webpack_require__(174)(6);
+	var KEY = 'findIndex';
+	var forced = true;
+	// Shouldn't skip holes
+	if (KEY in []) Array(1)[KEY](function () { forced = false; });
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * forced, 'Array', {
+	  findIndex: function findIndex(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {
+	    return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	  }
+	});
+	__webpack_require__(188)(KEY);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 193 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(194)('Array');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 194 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var SPECIES = __webpack_require__(27)('species');
+
+	module.exports = function (KEY) {
+	  var C = global[KEY];
+	  if (DESCRIPTORS && C && !C[SPECIES]) dP.f(C, SPECIES, {
+	    configurable: true,
+	    get: function () { return this; }
+	  });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 195 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var addToUnscopables = __webpack_require__(188);
+	var step = __webpack_require__(196);
+	var Iterators = __webpack_require__(130);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+
+	// 22.1.3.4 Array.prototype.entries()
+	// 22.1.3.13 Array.prototype.keys()
+	// 22.1.3.29 Array.prototype.values()
+	// 22.1.3.30 Array.prototype[@@iterator]()
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(129)(Array, 'Array', function (iterated, kind) {
+	  this._t = toIObject(iterated); // target
+	  this._i = 0;                   // next index
+	  this._k = kind;                // kind
+	// 22.1.5.2.1 %ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next()
+	}, function () {
+	  var O = this._t;
+	  var kind = this._k;
+	  var index = this._i++;
+	  if (!O || index >= O.length) {
+	    this._t = undefined;
+	    return step(1);
+	  }
+	  if (kind == 'keys') return step(0, index);
+	  if (kind == 'values') return step(0, O[index]);
+	  return step(0, [index, O[index]]);
+	}, 'values');
+
+	// argumentsList[@@iterator] is %ArrayProto_values% (9.4.4.6, 9.4.4.7)
+	Iterators.Arguments = Iterators.Array;
+
+	addToUnscopables('keys');
+	addToUnscopables('values');
+	addToUnscopables('entries');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 196 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (done, value) {
+	  return { value: value, done: !!done };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 197 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var inheritIfRequired = __webpack_require__(88);
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var gOPN = __webpack_require__(51).f;
+	var isRegExp = __webpack_require__(135);
+	var $flags = __webpack_require__(198);
+	var $RegExp = global.RegExp;
+	var Base = $RegExp;
+	var proto = $RegExp.prototype;
+	var re1 = /a/g;
+	var re2 = /a/g;
+	// "new" creates a new object, old webkit buggy here
+	var CORRECT_NEW = new $RegExp(re1) !== re1;
+
+	if (__webpack_require__(6) && (!CORRECT_NEW || __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  re2[__webpack_require__(27)('match')] = false;
+	  // RegExp constructor can alter flags and IsRegExp works correct with @@match
+	  return $RegExp(re1) != re1 || $RegExp(re2) == re2 || $RegExp(re1, 'i') != '/a/i';
+	}))) {
+	  $RegExp = function RegExp(p, f) {
+	    var tiRE = this instanceof $RegExp;
+	    var piRE = isRegExp(p);
+	    var fiU = f === undefined;
+	    return !tiRE && piRE && p.constructor === $RegExp && fiU ? p
+	      : inheritIfRequired(CORRECT_NEW
+	        ? new Base(piRE && !fiU ? p.source : p, f)
+	        : Base((piRE = p instanceof $RegExp) ? p.source : p, piRE && fiU ? $flags.call(p) : f)
+	      , tiRE ? this : proto, $RegExp);
+	  };
+	  var proxy = function (key) {
+	    key in $RegExp || dP($RegExp, key, {
+	      configurable: true,
+	      get: function () { return Base[key]; },
+	      set: function (it) { Base[key] = it; }
+	    });
+	  };
+	  for (var keys = gOPN(Base), i = 0; keys.length > i;) proxy(keys[i++]);
+	  proto.constructor = $RegExp;
+	  $RegExp.prototype = proto;
+	  __webpack_require__(18)(global, 'RegExp', $RegExp);
+	}
+
+	__webpack_require__(194)('RegExp');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 198 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 21.2.5.3 get RegExp.prototype.flags
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	module.exports = function () {
+	  var that = anObject(this);
+	  var result = '';
+	  if (that.global) result += 'g';
+	  if (that.ignoreCase) result += 'i';
+	  if (that.multiline) result += 'm';
+	  if (that.unicode) result += 'u';
+	  if (that.sticky) result += 'y';
+	  return result;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 199 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var regexpExec = __webpack_require__(200);
+	__webpack_require__(8)({
+	  target: 'RegExp',
+	  proto: true,
+	  forced: regexpExec !== /./.exec
+	}, {
+	  exec: regexpExec
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 200 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var regexpFlags = __webpack_require__(198);
+
+	var nativeExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;
+	// This always refers to the native implementation, because the
+	// String#replace polyfill uses ./fix-regexp-well-known-symbol-logic.js,
+	// which loads this file before patching the method.
+	var nativeReplace = String.prototype.replace;
+
+	var patchedExec = nativeExec;
+
+	var LAST_INDEX = 'lastIndex';
+
+	var UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG = (function () {
+	  var re1 = /a/,
+	      re2 = /b*/g;
+	  nativeExec.call(re1, 'a');
+	  nativeExec.call(re2, 'a');
+	  return re1[LAST_INDEX] !== 0 || re2[LAST_INDEX] !== 0;
+	})();
+
+	// nonparticipating capturing group, copied from es5-shim's String#split patch.
+	var NPCG_INCLUDED = /()??/.exec('')[1] !== undefined;
+
+	var PATCH = UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG || NPCG_INCLUDED;
+
+	if (PATCH) {
+	  patchedExec = function exec(str) {
+	    var re = this;
+	    var lastIndex, reCopy, match, i;
+
+	    if (NPCG_INCLUDED) {
+	      reCopy = new RegExp('^' + re.source + '$(?!\\s)', regexpFlags.call(re));
+	    }
+	    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG) lastIndex = re[LAST_INDEX];
+
+	    match = nativeExec.call(re, str);
+
+	    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG && match) {
+	      re[LAST_INDEX] = re.global ? match.index + match[0].length : lastIndex;
+	    }
+	    if (NPCG_INCLUDED && match && match.length > 1) {
+	      // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined`
+	      // for NPCG, like IE8. NOTE: This doesn' work for /(.?)?/
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-loop-func
+	      nativeReplace.call(match[0], reCopy, function () {
+	        for (i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {
+	          if (arguments[i] === undefined) match[i] = undefined;
+	        }
+	      });
+	    }
+
+	    return match;
+	  };
+	}
+
+	module.exports = patchedExec;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 201 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	__webpack_require__(202);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var $flags = __webpack_require__(198);
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var TO_STRING = 'toString';
+	var $toString = /./[TO_STRING];
+
+	var define = function (fn) {
+	  __webpack_require__(18)(RegExp.prototype, TO_STRING, fn, true);
+	};
+
+	// 21.2.5.14 RegExp.prototype.toString()
+	if (__webpack_require__(7)(function () { return $toString.call({ source: 'a', flags: 'b' }) != '/a/b'; })) {
+	  define(function toString() {
+	    var R = anObject(this);
+	    return '/'.concat(R.source, '/',
+	      'flags' in R ? R.flags : !DESCRIPTORS && R instanceof RegExp ? $flags.call(R) : undefined);
+	  });
+	// FF44- RegExp#toString has a wrong name
+	} else if ($toString.name != TO_STRING) {
+	  define(function toString() {
+	    return $toString.call(this);
+	  });
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 202 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 21.2.5.3 get RegExp.prototype.flags()
+	if (__webpack_require__(6) && /./g.flags != 'g') __webpack_require__(11).f(RegExp.prototype, 'flags', {
+	  configurable: true,
+	  get: __webpack_require__(198)
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 203 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var advanceStringIndex = __webpack_require__(204);
+	var regExpExec = __webpack_require__(205);
+
+	// @@match logic
+	__webpack_require__(206)('match', 1, function (defined, MATCH, $match, maybeCallNative) {
+	  return [
+	    // `String.prototype.match` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.match
+	    function match(regexp) {
+	      var O = defined(this);
+	      var fn = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[MATCH];
+	      return fn !== undefined ? fn.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[MATCH](String(O));
+	    },
+	    // `RegExp.prototype[@@match]` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@match
+	    function (regexp) {
+	      var res = maybeCallNative($match, regexp, this);
+	      if (res.done) return res.value;
+	      var rx = anObject(regexp);
+	      var S = String(this);
+	      if (!rx.global) return regExpExec(rx, S);
+	      var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;
+	      rx.lastIndex = 0;
+	      var A = [];
+	      var n = 0;
+	      var result;
+	      while ((result = regExpExec(rx, S)) !== null) {
+	        var matchStr = String(result[0]);
+	        A[n] = matchStr;
+	        if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);
+	        n++;
+	      }
+	      return n === 0 ? null : A;
+	    }
+	  ];
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 204 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var at = __webpack_require__(128)(true);
+
+	 // `AdvanceStringIndex` abstract operation
+	// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-advancestringindex
+	module.exports = function (S, index, unicode) {
+	  return index + (unicode ? at(S, index).length : 1);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 205 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var classof = __webpack_require__(75);
+	var builtinExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;
+
+	 // `RegExpExec` abstract operation
+	// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexpexec
+	module.exports = function (R, S) {
+	  var exec = R.exec;
+	  if (typeof exec === 'function') {
+	    var result = exec.call(R, S);
+	    if (typeof result !== 'object') {
+	      throw new TypeError('RegExp exec method returned something other than an Object or null');
+	    }
+	    return result;
+	  }
+	  if (classof(R) !== 'RegExp') {
+	    throw new TypeError('RegExp#exec called on incompatible receiver');
+	  }
+	  return builtinExec.call(R, S);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 206 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	__webpack_require__(199);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	var wks = __webpack_require__(27);
+	var regexpExec = __webpack_require__(200);
+
+	var SPECIES = wks('species');
+
+	var REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS = !fails(function () {
+	  // #replace needs built-in support for named groups.
+	  // #match works fine because it just return the exec results, even if it has
+	  // a "grops" property.
+	  var re = /./;
+	  re.exec = function () {
+	    var result = [];
+	    result.groups = { a: '7' };
+	    return result;
+	  };
+	  return ''.replace(re, '$<a>') !== '7';
+	});
+
+	var SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC = (function () {
+	  // Chrome 51 has a buggy "split" implementation when RegExp#exec !== nativeExec
+	  var re = /(?:)/;
+	  var originalExec = re.exec;
+	  re.exec = function () { return originalExec.apply(this, arguments); };
+	  var result = 'ab'.split(re);
+	  return result.length === 2 && result[0] === 'a' && result[1] === 'b';
+	})();
+
+	module.exports = function (KEY, length, exec) {
+	  var SYMBOL = wks(KEY);
+
+	  var DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL = !fails(function () {
+	    // String methods call symbol-named RegEp methods
+	    var O = {};
+	    O[SYMBOL] = function () { return 7; };
+	    return ''[KEY](O) != 7;
+	  });
+
+	  var DELEGATES_TO_EXEC = DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ? !fails(function () {
+	    // Symbol-named RegExp methods call .exec
+	    var execCalled = false;
+	    var re = /a/;
+	    re.exec = function () { execCalled = true; return null; };
+	    if (KEY === 'split') {
+	      // RegExp[@@split] doesn't call the regex's exec method, but first creates
+	      // a new one. We need to return the patched regex when creating the new one.
+	      re.constructor = {};
+	      re.constructor[SPECIES] = function () { return re; };
+	    }
+	    re[SYMBOL]('');
+	    return !execCalled;
+	  }) : undefined;
+
+	  if (
+	    !DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ||
+	    !DELEGATES_TO_EXEC ||
+	    (KEY === 'replace' && !REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS) ||
+	    (KEY === 'split' && !SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC)
+	  ) {
+	    var nativeRegExpMethod = /./[SYMBOL];
+	    var fns = exec(
+	      defined,
+	      SYMBOL,
+	      ''[KEY],
+	      function maybeCallNative(nativeMethod, regexp, str, arg2, forceStringMethod) {
+	        if (regexp.exec === regexpExec) {
+	          if (DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL && !forceStringMethod) {
+	            // The native String method already delegates to @@method (this
+	            // polyfilled function), leasing to infinite recursion.
+	            // We avoid it by directly calling the native @@method method.
+	            return { done: true, value: nativeRegExpMethod.call(regexp, str, arg2) };
+	          }
+	          return { done: true, value: nativeMethod.call(str, regexp, arg2) };
+	        }
+	        return { done: false };
+	      }
+	    );
+	    var strfn = fns[0];
+	    var rxfn = fns[1];
+
+	    redefine(String.prototype, KEY, strfn);
+	    hide(RegExp.prototype, SYMBOL, length == 2
+	      // 21.2.5.8 RegExp.prototype[@@replace](string, replaceValue)
+	      // 21.2.5.11 RegExp.prototype[@@split](string, limit)
+	      ? function (string, arg) { return rxfn.call(string, this, arg); }
+	      // 21.2.5.6 RegExp.prototype[@@match](string)
+	      // 21.2.5.9 RegExp.prototype[@@search](string)
+	      : function (string) { return rxfn.call(string, this); }
+	    );
+	  }
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 207 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var advanceStringIndex = __webpack_require__(204);
+	var regExpExec = __webpack_require__(205);
+	var max = Math.max;
+	var min = Math.min;
+	var floor = Math.floor;
+	var SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS = /\$([$&`']|\d\d?|<[^>]*>)/g;
+	var SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED = /\$([$&`']|\d\d?)/g;
+
+	var maybeToString = function (it) {
+	  return it === undefined ? it : String(it);
+	};
+
+	// @@replace logic
+	__webpack_require__(206)('replace', 2, function (defined, REPLACE, $replace, maybeCallNative) {
+	  return [
+	    // `String.prototype.replace` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.replace
+	    function replace(searchValue, replaceValue) {
+	      var O = defined(this);
+	      var fn = searchValue == undefined ? undefined : searchValue[REPLACE];
+	      return fn !== undefined
+	        ? fn.call(searchValue, O, replaceValue)
+	        : $replace.call(String(O), searchValue, replaceValue);
+	    },
+	    // `RegExp.prototype[@@replace]` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@replace
+	    function (regexp, replaceValue) {
+	      var res = maybeCallNative($replace, regexp, this, replaceValue);
+	      if (res.done) return res.value;
+
+	      var rx = anObject(regexp);
+	      var S = String(this);
+	      var functionalReplace = typeof replaceValue === 'function';
+	      if (!functionalReplace) replaceValue = String(replaceValue);
+	      var global = rx.global;
+	      if (global) {
+	        var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;
+	        rx.lastIndex = 0;
+	      }
+	      var results = [];
+	      while (true) {
+	        var result = regExpExec(rx, S);
+	        if (result === null) break;
+	        results.push(result);
+	        if (!global) break;
+	        var matchStr = String(result[0]);
+	        if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);
+	      }
+	      var accumulatedResult = '';
+	      var nextSourcePosition = 0;
+	      for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+	        result = results[i];
+	        var matched = String(result[0]);
+	        var position = max(min(toInteger(result.index), S.length), 0);
+	        var captures = [];
+	        // NOTE: This is equivalent to
+	        //   captures = result.slice(1).map(maybeToString)
+	        // but for some reason `nativeSlice.call(result, 1, result.length)` (called in
+	        // the slice polyfill when slicing native arrays) "doesn't work" in safari 9 and
+	        // causes a crash (https://pastebin.com/N21QzeQA) when trying to debug it.
+	        for (var j = 1; j < result.length; j++) captures.push(maybeToString(result[j]));
+	        var namedCaptures = result.groups;
+	        if (functionalReplace) {
+	          var replacerArgs = [matched].concat(captures, position, S);
+	          if (namedCaptures !== undefined) replacerArgs.push(namedCaptures);
+	          var replacement = String(replaceValue.apply(undefined, replacerArgs));
+	        } else {
+	          replacement = getSubstitution(matched, S, position, captures, namedCaptures, replaceValue);
+	        }
+	        if (position >= nextSourcePosition) {
+	          accumulatedResult += S.slice(nextSourcePosition, position) + replacement;
+	          nextSourcePosition = position + matched.length;
+	        }
+	      }
+	      return accumulatedResult + S.slice(nextSourcePosition);
+	    }
+	  ];
+
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-getsubstitution
+	  function getSubstitution(matched, str, position, captures, namedCaptures, replacement) {
+	    var tailPos = position + matched.length;
+	    var m = captures.length;
+	    var symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED;
+	    if (namedCaptures !== undefined) {
+	      namedCaptures = toObject(namedCaptures);
+	      symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS;
+	    }
+	    return $replace.call(replacement, symbols, function (match, ch) {
+	      var capture;
+	      switch (ch.charAt(0)) {
+	        case '$': return '$';
+	        case '&': return matched;
+	        case '`': return str.slice(0, position);
+	        case "'": return str.slice(tailPos);
+	        case '<':
+	          capture = namedCaptures[ch.slice(1, -1)];
+	          break;
+	        default: // \d\d?
+	          var n = +ch;
+	          if (n === 0) return match;
+	          if (n > m) {
+	            var f = floor(n / 10);
+	            if (f === 0) return match;
+	            if (f <= m) return captures[f - 1] === undefined ? ch.charAt(1) : captures[f - 1] + ch.charAt(1);
+	            return match;
+	          }
+	          capture = captures[n - 1];
+	      }
+	      return capture === undefined ? '' : capture;
+	    });
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 208 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var sameValue = __webpack_require__(71);
+	var regExpExec = __webpack_require__(205);
+
+	// @@search logic
+	__webpack_require__(206)('search', 1, function (defined, SEARCH, $search, maybeCallNative) {
+	  return [
+	    // `String.prototype.search` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.search
+	    function search(regexp) {
+	      var O = defined(this);
+	      var fn = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[SEARCH];
+	      return fn !== undefined ? fn.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[SEARCH](String(O));
+	    },
+	    // `RegExp.prototype[@@search]` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@search
+	    function (regexp) {
+	      var res = maybeCallNative($search, regexp, this);
+	      if (res.done) return res.value;
+	      var rx = anObject(regexp);
+	      var S = String(this);
+	      var previousLastIndex = rx.lastIndex;
+	      if (!sameValue(previousLastIndex, 0)) rx.lastIndex = 0;
+	      var result = regExpExec(rx, S);
+	      if (!sameValue(rx.lastIndex, previousLastIndex)) rx.lastIndex = previousLastIndex;
+	      return result === null ? -1 : result.index;
+	    }
+	  ];
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 209 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var isRegExp = __webpack_require__(135);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var speciesConstructor = __webpack_require__(210);
+	var advanceStringIndex = __webpack_require__(204);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var callRegExpExec = __webpack_require__(205);
+	var regexpExec = __webpack_require__(200);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var $min = Math.min;
+	var $push = [].push;
+	var $SPLIT = 'split';
+	var LENGTH = 'length';
+	var LAST_INDEX = 'lastIndex';
+	var MAX_UINT32 = 0xffffffff;
+
+	// babel-minify transpiles RegExp('x', 'y') -> /x/y and it causes SyntaxError
+	var SUPPORTS_Y = !fails(function () { RegExp(MAX_UINT32, 'y'); });
+
+	// @@split logic
+	__webpack_require__(206)('split', 2, function (defined, SPLIT, $split, maybeCallNative) {
+	  var internalSplit;
+	  if (
+	    'abbc'[$SPLIT](/(b)*/)[1] == 'c' ||
+	    'test'[$SPLIT](/(?:)/, -1)[LENGTH] != 4 ||
+	    'ab'[$SPLIT](/(?:ab)*/)[LENGTH] != 2 ||
+	    '.'[$SPLIT](/(.?)(.?)/)[LENGTH] != 4 ||
+	    '.'[$SPLIT](/()()/)[LENGTH] > 1 ||
+	    ''[$SPLIT](/.?/)[LENGTH]
+	  ) {
+	    // based on es5-shim implementation, need to rework it
+	    internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {
+	      var string = String(this);
+	      if (separator === undefined && limit === 0) return [];
+	      // If `separator` is not a regex, use native split
+	      if (!isRegExp(separator)) return $split.call(string, separator, limit);
+	      var output = [];
+	      var flags = (separator.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +
+	                  (separator.multiline ? 'm' : '') +
+	                  (separator.unicode ? 'u' : '') +
+	                  (separator.sticky ? 'y' : '');
+	      var lastLastIndex = 0;
+	      var splitLimit = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;
+	      // Make `global` and avoid `lastIndex` issues by working with a copy
+	      var separatorCopy = new RegExp(separator.source, flags + 'g');
+	      var match, lastIndex, lastLength;
+	      while (match = regexpExec.call(separatorCopy, string)) {
+	        lastIndex = separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX];
+	        if (lastIndex > lastLastIndex) {
+	          output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex, match.index));
+	          if (match[LENGTH] > 1 && match.index < string[LENGTH]) $push.apply(output, match.slice(1));
+	          lastLength = match[0][LENGTH];
+	          lastLastIndex = lastIndex;
+	          if (output[LENGTH] >= splitLimit) break;
+	        }
+	        if (separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX] === match.index) separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX]++; // Avoid an infinite loop
+	      }
+	      if (lastLastIndex === string[LENGTH]) {
+	        if (lastLength || !separatorCopy.test('')) output.push('');
+	      } else output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex));
+	      return output[LENGTH] > splitLimit ? output.slice(0, splitLimit) : output;
+	    };
+	  // Chakra, V8
+	  } else if ('0'[$SPLIT](undefined, 0)[LENGTH]) {
+	    internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {
+	      return separator === undefined && limit === 0 ? [] : $split.call(this, separator, limit);
+	    };
+	  } else {
+	    internalSplit = $split;
+	  }
+
+	  return [
+	    // `String.prototype.split` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.split
+	    function split(separator, limit) {
+	      var O = defined(this);
+	      var splitter = separator == undefined ? undefined : separator[SPLIT];
+	      return splitter !== undefined
+	        ? splitter.call(separator, O, limit)
+	        : internalSplit.call(String(O), separator, limit);
+	    },
+	    // `RegExp.prototype[@@split]` method
+	    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@split
+	    //
+	    // NOTE: This cannot be properly polyfilled in engines that don't support
+	    // the 'y' flag.
+	    function (regexp, limit) {
+	      var res = maybeCallNative(internalSplit, regexp, this, limit, internalSplit !== $split);
+	      if (res.done) return res.value;
+
+	      var rx = anObject(regexp);
+	      var S = String(this);
+	      var C = speciesConstructor(rx, RegExp);
+
+	      var unicodeMatching = rx.unicode;
+	      var flags = (rx.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +
+	                  (rx.multiline ? 'm' : '') +
+	                  (rx.unicode ? 'u' : '') +
+	                  (SUPPORTS_Y ? 'y' : 'g');
+
+	      // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some S slicing, to
+	      // simulate the 'y' flag.
+	      var splitter = new C(SUPPORTS_Y ? rx : '^(?:' + rx.source + ')', flags);
+	      var lim = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;
+	      if (lim === 0) return [];
+	      if (S.length === 0) return callRegExpExec(splitter, S) === null ? [S] : [];
+	      var p = 0;
+	      var q = 0;
+	      var A = [];
+	      while (q < S.length) {
+	        splitter.lastIndex = SUPPORTS_Y ? q : 0;
+	        var z = callRegExpExec(splitter, SUPPORTS_Y ? S : S.slice(q));
+	        var e;
+	        if (
+	          z === null ||
+	          (e = $min(toLength(splitter.lastIndex + (SUPPORTS_Y ? 0 : q)), S.length)) === p
+	        ) {
+	          q = advanceStringIndex(S, q, unicodeMatching);
+	        } else {
+	          A.push(S.slice(p, q));
+	          if (A.length === lim) return A;
+	          for (var i = 1; i <= z.length - 1; i++) {
+	            A.push(z[i]);
+	            if (A.length === lim) return A;
+	          }
+	          q = p = e;
+	        }
+	      }
+	      A.push(S.slice(p));
+	      return A;
+	    }
+	  ];
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 210 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 7.3.20 SpeciesConstructor(O, defaultConstructor)
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var SPECIES = __webpack_require__(27)('species');
+	module.exports = function (O, D) {
+	  var C = anObject(O).constructor;
+	  var S;
+	  return C === undefined || (S = anObject(C)[SPECIES]) == undefined ? D : aFunction(S);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 211 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var LIBRARY = __webpack_require__(22);
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var classof = __webpack_require__(75);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+	var speciesConstructor = __webpack_require__(210);
+	var task = __webpack_require__(214).set;
+	var microtask = __webpack_require__(215)();
+	var newPromiseCapabilityModule = __webpack_require__(216);
+	var perform = __webpack_require__(217);
+	var userAgent = __webpack_require__(218);
+	var promiseResolve = __webpack_require__(219);
+	var PROMISE = 'Promise';
+	var TypeError = global.TypeError;
+	var process = global.process;
+	var versions = process && process.versions;
+	var v8 = versions && versions.v8 || '';
+	var $Promise = global[PROMISE];
+	var isNode = classof(process) == 'process';
+	var empty = function () { /* empty */ };
+	var Internal, newGenericPromiseCapability, OwnPromiseCapability, Wrapper;
+	var newPromiseCapability = newGenericPromiseCapability = newPromiseCapabilityModule.f;
+
+	var USE_NATIVE = !!function () {
+	  try {
+	    // correct subclassing with @@species support
+	    var promise = $Promise.resolve(1);
+	    var FakePromise = (promise.constructor = {})[__webpack_require__(27)('species')] = function (exec) {
+	      exec(empty, empty);
+	    };
+	    // unhandled rejections tracking support, NodeJS Promise without it fails @@species test
+	    return (isNode || typeof PromiseRejectionEvent == 'function')
+	      && promise.then(empty) instanceof FakePromise
+	      // v8 6.6 (Node 10 and Chrome 66) have a bug with resolving custom thenables
+	      // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=830565
+	      // we can't detect it synchronously, so just check versions
+	      && v8.indexOf('6.6') !== 0
+	      && userAgent.indexOf('Chrome/66') === -1;
+	  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }
+	}();
+
+	// helpers
+	var isThenable = function (it) {
+	  var then;
+	  return isObject(it) && typeof (then = it.then) == 'function' ? then : false;
+	};
+	var notify = function (promise, isReject) {
+	  if (promise._n) return;
+	  promise._n = true;
+	  var chain = promise._c;
+	  microtask(function () {
+	    var value = promise._v;
+	    var ok = promise._s == 1;
+	    var i = 0;
+	    var run = function (reaction) {
+	      var handler = ok ? reaction.ok : reaction.fail;
+	      var resolve = reaction.resolve;
+	      var reject = reaction.reject;
+	      var domain = reaction.domain;
+	      var result, then, exited;
+	      try {
+	        if (handler) {
+	          if (!ok) {
+	            if (promise._h == 2) onHandleUnhandled(promise);
+	            promise._h = 1;
+	          }
+	          if (handler === true) result = value;
+	          else {
+	            if (domain) domain.enter();
+	            result = handler(value); // may throw
+	            if (domain) {
+	              domain.exit();
+	              exited = true;
+	            }
+	          }
+	          if (result === reaction.promise) {
+	            reject(TypeError('Promise-chain cycle'));
+	          } else if (then = isThenable(result)) {
+	            then.call(result, resolve, reject);
+	          } else resolve(result);
+	        } else reject(value);
+	      } catch (e) {
+	        if (domain && !exited) domain.exit();
+	        reject(e);
+	      }
+	    };
+	    while (chain.length > i) run(chain[i++]); // variable length - can't use forEach
+	    promise._c = [];
+	    promise._n = false;
+	    if (isReject && !promise._h) onUnhandled(promise);
+	  });
+	};
+	var onUnhandled = function (promise) {
+	  task.call(global, function () {
+	    var value = promise._v;
+	    var unhandled = isUnhandled(promise);
+	    var result, handler, console;
+	    if (unhandled) {
+	      result = perform(function () {
+	        if (isNode) {
+	          process.emit('unhandledRejection', value, promise);
+	        } else if (handler = global.onunhandledrejection) {
+	          handler({ promise: promise, reason: value });
+	        } else if ((console = global.console) && console.error) {
+	          console.error('Unhandled promise rejection', value);
+	        }
+	      });
+	      // Browsers should not trigger `rejectionHandled` event if it was handled here, NodeJS - should
+	      promise._h = isNode || isUnhandled(promise) ? 2 : 1;
+	    } promise._a = undefined;
+	    if (unhandled && result.e) throw result.v;
+	  });
+	};
+	var isUnhandled = function (promise) {
+	  return promise._h !== 1 && (promise._a || promise._c).length === 0;
+	};
+	var onHandleUnhandled = function (promise) {
+	  task.call(global, function () {
+	    var handler;
+	    if (isNode) {
+	      process.emit('rejectionHandled', promise);
+	    } else if (handler = global.onrejectionhandled) {
+	      handler({ promise: promise, reason: promise._v });
+	    }
+	  });
+	};
+	var $reject = function (value) {
+	  var promise = this;
+	  if (promise._d) return;
+	  promise._d = true;
+	  promise = promise._w || promise; // unwrap
+	  promise._v = value;
+	  promise._s = 2;
+	  if (!promise._a) promise._a = promise._c.slice();
+	  notify(promise, true);
+	};
+	var $resolve = function (value) {
+	  var promise = this;
+	  var then;
+	  if (promise._d) return;
+	  promise._d = true;
+	  promise = promise._w || promise; // unwrap
+	  try {
+	    if (promise === value) throw TypeError("Promise can't be resolved itself");
+	    if (then = isThenable(value)) {
+	      microtask(function () {
+	        var wrapper = { _w: promise, _d: false }; // wrap
+	        try {
+	          then.call(value, ctx($resolve, wrapper, 1), ctx($reject, wrapper, 1));
+	        } catch (e) {
+	          $reject.call(wrapper, e);
+	        }
+	      });
+	    } else {
+	      promise._v = value;
+	      promise._s = 1;
+	      notify(promise, false);
+	    }
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    $reject.call({ _w: promise, _d: false }, e); // wrap
+	  }
+	};
+
+	// constructor polyfill
+	if (!USE_NATIVE) {
+	  // 25.4.3.1 Promise(executor)
+	  $Promise = function Promise(executor) {
+	    anInstance(this, $Promise, PROMISE, '_h');
+	    aFunction(executor);
+	    Internal.call(this);
+	    try {
+	      executor(ctx($resolve, this, 1), ctx($reject, this, 1));
+	    } catch (err) {
+	      $reject.call(this, err);
+	    }
+	  };
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+	  Internal = function Promise(executor) {
+	    this._c = [];             // <- awaiting reactions
+	    this._a = undefined;      // <- checked in isUnhandled reactions
+	    this._s = 0;              // <- state
+	    this._d = false;          // <- done
+	    this._v = undefined;      // <- value
+	    this._h = 0;              // <- rejection state, 0 - default, 1 - handled, 2 - unhandled
+	    this._n = false;          // <- notify
+	  };
+	  Internal.prototype = __webpack_require__(220)($Promise.prototype, {
+	    // 25.4.5.3 Promise.prototype.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)
+	    then: function then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
+	      var reaction = newPromiseCapability(speciesConstructor(this, $Promise));
+	      reaction.ok = typeof onFulfilled == 'function' ? onFulfilled : true;
+	      reaction.fail = typeof onRejected == 'function' && onRejected;
+	      reaction.domain = isNode ? process.domain : undefined;
+	      this._c.push(reaction);
+	      if (this._a) this._a.push(reaction);
+	      if (this._s) notify(this, false);
+	      return reaction.promise;
+	    },
+	    // 25.4.5.1 Promise.prototype.catch(onRejected)
+	    'catch': function (onRejected) {
+	      return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
+	    }
+	  });
+	  OwnPromiseCapability = function () {
+	    var promise = new Internal();
+	    this.promise = promise;
+	    this.resolve = ctx($resolve, promise, 1);
+	    this.reject = ctx($reject, promise, 1);
+	  };
+	  newPromiseCapabilityModule.f = newPromiseCapability = function (C) {
+	    return C === $Promise || C === Wrapper
+	      ? new OwnPromiseCapability(C)
+	      : newGenericPromiseCapability(C);
+	  };
+	}
+
+	$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, { Promise: $Promise });
+	__webpack_require__(26)($Promise, PROMISE);
+	__webpack_require__(194)(PROMISE);
+	Wrapper = __webpack_require__(9)[PROMISE];
+
+	// statics
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, PROMISE, {
+	  // 25.4.4.5 Promise.reject(r)
+	  reject: function reject(r) {
+	    var capability = newPromiseCapability(this);
+	    var $$reject = capability.reject;
+	    $$reject(r);
+	    return capability.promise;
+	  }
+	});
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * (LIBRARY || !USE_NATIVE), PROMISE, {
+	  // 25.4.4.6 Promise.resolve(x)
+	  resolve: function resolve(x) {
+	    return promiseResolve(LIBRARY && this === Wrapper ? $Promise : this, x);
+	  }
+	});
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !(USE_NATIVE && __webpack_require__(167)(function (iter) {
+	  $Promise.all(iter)['catch'](empty);
+	})), PROMISE, {
+	  // 25.4.4.1 Promise.all(iterable)
+	  all: function all(iterable) {
+	    var C = this;
+	    var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);
+	    var resolve = capability.resolve;
+	    var reject = capability.reject;
+	    var result = perform(function () {
+	      var values = [];
+	      var index = 0;
+	      var remaining = 1;
+	      forOf(iterable, false, function (promise) {
+	        var $index = index++;
+	        var alreadyCalled = false;
+	        values.push(undefined);
+	        remaining++;
+	        C.resolve(promise).then(function (value) {
+	          if (alreadyCalled) return;
+	          alreadyCalled = true;
+	          values[$index] = value;
+	          --remaining || resolve(values);
+	        }, reject);
+	      });
+	      --remaining || resolve(values);
+	    });
+	    if (result.e) reject(result.v);
+	    return capability.promise;
+	  },
+	  // 25.4.4.4 Promise.race(iterable)
+	  race: function race(iterable) {
+	    var C = this;
+	    var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);
+	    var reject = capability.reject;
+	    var result = perform(function () {
+	      forOf(iterable, false, function (promise) {
+	        C.resolve(promise).then(capability.resolve, reject);
+	      });
+	    });
+	    if (result.e) reject(result.v);
+	    return capability.promise;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 212 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (it, Constructor, name, forbiddenField) {
+	  if (!(it instanceof Constructor) || (forbiddenField !== undefined && forbiddenField in it)) {
+	    throw TypeError(name + ': incorrect invocation!');
+	  } return it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 213 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var call = __webpack_require__(163);
+	var isArrayIter = __webpack_require__(164);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var getIterFn = __webpack_require__(166);
+	var BREAK = {};
+	var RETURN = {};
+	var exports = module.exports = function (iterable, entries, fn, that, ITERATOR) {
+	  var iterFn = ITERATOR ? function () { return iterable; } : getIterFn(iterable);
+	  var f = ctx(fn, that, entries ? 2 : 1);
+	  var index = 0;
+	  var length, step, iterator, result;
+	  if (typeof iterFn != 'function') throw TypeError(iterable + ' is not iterable!');
+	  // fast case for arrays with default iterator
+	  if (isArrayIter(iterFn)) for (length = toLength(iterable.length); length > index; index++) {
+	    result = entries ? f(anObject(step = iterable[index])[0], step[1]) : f(iterable[index]);
+	    if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;
+	  } else for (iterator = iterFn.call(iterable); !(step = iterator.next()).done;) {
+	    result = call(iterator, f, step.value, entries);
+	    if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;
+	  }
+	};
+	exports.BREAK = BREAK;
+	exports.RETURN = RETURN;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 214 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var invoke = __webpack_require__(78);
+	var html = __webpack_require__(49);
+	var cel = __webpack_require__(15);
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var process = global.process;
+	var setTask = global.setImmediate;
+	var clearTask = global.clearImmediate;
+	var MessageChannel = global.MessageChannel;
+	var Dispatch = global.Dispatch;
+	var counter = 0;
+	var queue = {};
+	var ONREADYSTATECHANGE = 'onreadystatechange';
+	var defer, channel, port;
+	var run = function () {
+	  var id = +this;
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins
+	  if (queue.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+	    var fn = queue[id];
+	    delete queue[id];
+	    fn();
+	  }
+	};
+	var listener = function (event) {
+	  run.call(event.data);
+	};
+	// Node.js 0.9+ & IE10+ has setImmediate, otherwise:
+	if (!setTask || !clearTask) {
+	  setTask = function setImmediate(fn) {
+	    var args = [];
+	    var i = 1;
+	    while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);
+	    queue[++counter] = function () {
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+	      invoke(typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn), args);
+	    };
+	    defer(counter);
+	    return counter;
+	  };
+	  clearTask = function clearImmediate(id) {
+	    delete queue[id];
+	  };
+	  // Node.js 0.8-
+	  if (__webpack_require__(35)(process) == 'process') {
+	    defer = function (id) {
+	      process.nextTick(ctx(run, id, 1));
+	    };
+	  // Sphere (JS game engine) Dispatch API
+	  } else if (Dispatch && Dispatch.now) {
+	    defer = function (id) {
+	      Dispatch.now(ctx(run, id, 1));
+	    };
+	  // Browsers with MessageChannel, includes WebWorkers
+	  } else if (MessageChannel) {
+	    channel = new MessageChannel();
+	    port = channel.port2;
+	    channel.port1.onmessage = listener;
+	    defer = ctx(port.postMessage, port, 1);
+	  // Browsers with postMessage, skip WebWorkers
+	  // IE8 has postMessage, but it's sync & typeof its postMessage is 'object'
+	  } else if (global.addEventListener && typeof postMessage == 'function' && !global.importScripts) {
+	    defer = function (id) {
+	      global.postMessage(id + '', '*');
+	    };
+	    global.addEventListener('message', listener, false);
+	  // IE8-
+	  } else if (ONREADYSTATECHANGE in cel('script')) {
+	    defer = function (id) {
+	      html.appendChild(cel('script'))[ONREADYSTATECHANGE] = function () {
+	        html.removeChild(this);
+	        run.call(id);
+	      };
+	    };
+	  // Rest old browsers
+	  } else {
+	    defer = function (id) {
+	      setTimeout(ctx(run, id, 1), 0);
+	    };
+	  }
+	}
+	module.exports = {
+	  set: setTask,
+	  clear: clearTask
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 215 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var macrotask = __webpack_require__(214).set;
+	var Observer = global.MutationObserver || global.WebKitMutationObserver;
+	var process = global.process;
+	var Promise = global.Promise;
+	var isNode = __webpack_require__(35)(process) == 'process';
+
+	module.exports = function () {
+	  var head, last, notify;
+
+	  var flush = function () {
+	    var parent, fn;
+	    if (isNode && (parent = process.domain)) parent.exit();
+	    while (head) {
+	      fn = head.fn;
+	      head = head.next;
+	      try {
+	        fn();
+	      } catch (e) {
+	        if (head) notify();
+	        else last = undefined;
+	        throw e;
+	      }
+	    } last = undefined;
+	    if (parent) parent.enter();
+	  };
+
+	  // Node.js
+	  if (isNode) {
+	    notify = function () {
+	      process.nextTick(flush);
+	    };
+	  // browsers with MutationObserver, except iOS Safari - https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/339
+	  } else if (Observer && !(global.navigator && global.navigator.standalone)) {
+	    var toggle = true;
+	    var node = document.createTextNode('');
+	    new Observer(flush).observe(node, { characterData: true }); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    notify = function () {
+	      node.data = toggle = !toggle;
+	    };
+	  // environments with maybe non-completely correct, but existent Promise
+	  } else if (Promise && Promise.resolve) {
+	    // Promise.resolve without an argument throws an error in LG WebOS 2
+	    var promise = Promise.resolve(undefined);
+	    notify = function () {
+	      promise.then(flush);
+	    };
+	  // for other environments - macrotask based on:
+	  // - setImmediate
+	  // - MessageChannel
+	  // - window.postMessag
+	  // - onreadystatechange
+	  // - setTimeout
+	  } else {
+	    notify = function () {
+	      // strange IE + webpack dev server bug - use .call(global)
+	      macrotask.call(global, flush);
+	    };
+	  }
+
+	  return function (fn) {
+	    var task = { fn: fn, next: undefined };
+	    if (last) last.next = task;
+	    if (!head) {
+	      head = task;
+	      notify();
+	    } last = task;
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 216 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 25.4.1.5 NewPromiseCapability(C)
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+
+	function PromiseCapability(C) {
+	  var resolve, reject;
+	  this.promise = new C(function ($$resolve, $$reject) {
+	    if (resolve !== undefined || reject !== undefined) throw TypeError('Bad Promise constructor');
+	    resolve = $$resolve;
+	    reject = $$reject;
+	  });
+	  this.resolve = aFunction(resolve);
+	  this.reject = aFunction(reject);
+	}
+
+	module.exports.f = function (C) {
+	  return new PromiseCapability(C);
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 217 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (exec) {
+	  try {
+	    return { e: false, v: exec() };
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    return { e: true, v: e };
+	  }
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 218 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var navigator = global.navigator;
+
+	module.exports = navigator && navigator.userAgent || '';
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 219 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var newPromiseCapability = __webpack_require__(216);
+
+	module.exports = function (C, x) {
+	  anObject(C);
+	  if (isObject(x) && x.constructor === C) return x;
+	  var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability.f(C);
+	  var resolve = promiseCapability.resolve;
+	  resolve(x);
+	  return promiseCapability.promise;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 220 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	module.exports = function (target, src, safe) {
+	  for (var key in src) redefine(target, key, src[key], safe);
+	  return target;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 221 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var strong = __webpack_require__(222);
+	var validate = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var MAP = 'Map';
+
+	// 23.1 Map Objects
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(224)(MAP, function (get) {
+	  return function Map() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };
+	}, {
+	  // 23.1.3.6 Map.prototype.get(key)
+	  get: function get(key) {
+	    var entry = strong.getEntry(validate(this, MAP), key);
+	    return entry && entry.v;
+	  },
+	  // 23.1.3.9 Map.prototype.set(key, value)
+	  set: function set(key, value) {
+	    return strong.def(validate(this, MAP), key === 0 ? 0 : key, value);
+	  }
+	}, strong, true);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 222 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var create = __webpack_require__(47);
+	var redefineAll = __webpack_require__(220);
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+	var $iterDefine = __webpack_require__(129);
+	var step = __webpack_require__(196);
+	var setSpecies = __webpack_require__(194);
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var fastKey = __webpack_require__(25).fastKey;
+	var validate = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var SIZE = DESCRIPTORS ? '_s' : 'size';
+
+	var getEntry = function (that, key) {
+	  // fast case
+	  var index = fastKey(key);
+	  var entry;
+	  if (index !== 'F') return that._i[index];
+	  // frozen object case
+	  for (entry = that._f; entry; entry = entry.n) {
+	    if (entry.k == key) return entry;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	module.exports = {
+	  getConstructor: function (wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {
+	    var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {
+	      anInstance(that, C, NAME, '_i');
+	      that._t = NAME;         // collection type
+	      that._i = create(null); // index
+	      that._f = undefined;    // first entry
+	      that._l = undefined;    // last entry
+	      that[SIZE] = 0;         // size
+	      if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);
+	    });
+	    redefineAll(C.prototype, {
+	      // 23.1.3.1 Map.prototype.clear()
+	      // 23.2.3.2 Set.prototype.clear()
+	      clear: function clear() {
+	        for (var that = validate(this, NAME), data = that._i, entry = that._f; entry; entry = entry.n) {
+	          entry.r = true;
+	          if (entry.p) entry.p = entry.p.n = undefined;
+	          delete data[entry.i];
+	        }
+	        that._f = that._l = undefined;
+	        that[SIZE] = 0;
+	      },
+	      // 23.1.3.3 Map.prototype.delete(key)
+	      // 23.2.3.4 Set.prototype.delete(value)
+	      'delete': function (key) {
+	        var that = validate(this, NAME);
+	        var entry = getEntry(that, key);
+	        if (entry) {
+	          var next = entry.n;
+	          var prev = entry.p;
+	          delete that._i[entry.i];
+	          entry.r = true;
+	          if (prev) prev.n = next;
+	          if (next) next.p = prev;
+	          if (that._f == entry) that._f = next;
+	          if (that._l == entry) that._l = prev;
+	          that[SIZE]--;
+	        } return !!entry;
+	      },
+	      // 23.2.3.6 Set.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)
+	      // 23.1.3.5 Map.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)
+	      forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {
+	        validate(this, NAME);
+	        var f = ctx(callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, 3);
+	        var entry;
+	        while (entry = entry ? entry.n : this._f) {
+	          f(entry.v, entry.k, this);
+	          // revert to the last existing entry
+	          while (entry && entry.r) entry = entry.p;
+	        }
+	      },
+	      // 23.1.3.7 Map.prototype.has(key)
+	      // 23.2.3.7 Set.prototype.has(value)
+	      has: function has(key) {
+	        return !!getEntry(validate(this, NAME), key);
+	      }
+	    });
+	    if (DESCRIPTORS) dP(C.prototype, 'size', {
+	      get: function () {
+	        return validate(this, NAME)[SIZE];
+	      }
+	    });
+	    return C;
+	  },
+	  def: function (that, key, value) {
+	    var entry = getEntry(that, key);
+	    var prev, index;
+	    // change existing entry
+	    if (entry) {
+	      entry.v = value;
+	    // create new entry
+	    } else {
+	      that._l = entry = {
+	        i: index = fastKey(key, true), // <- index
+	        k: key,                        // <- key
+	        v: value,                      // <- value
+	        p: prev = that._l,             // <- previous entry
+	        n: undefined,                  // <- next entry
+	        r: false                       // <- removed
+	      };
+	      if (!that._f) that._f = entry;
+	      if (prev) prev.n = entry;
+	      that[SIZE]++;
+	      // add to index
+	      if (index !== 'F') that._i[index] = entry;
+	    } return that;
+	  },
+	  getEntry: getEntry,
+	  setStrong: function (C, NAME, IS_MAP) {
+	    // add .keys, .values, .entries, [@@iterator]
+	    // 23.1.3.4, 23.1.3.8, 23.1.3.11, 23.1.3.12, 23.2.3.5, 23.2.3.8, 23.2.3.10, 23.2.3.11
+	    $iterDefine(C, NAME, function (iterated, kind) {
+	      this._t = validate(iterated, NAME); // target
+	      this._k = kind;                     // kind
+	      this._l = undefined;                // previous
+	    }, function () {
+	      var that = this;
+	      var kind = that._k;
+	      var entry = that._l;
+	      // revert to the last existing entry
+	      while (entry && entry.r) entry = entry.p;
+	      // get next entry
+	      if (!that._t || !(that._l = entry = entry ? entry.n : that._t._f)) {
+	        // or finish the iteration
+	        that._t = undefined;
+	        return step(1);
+	      }
+	      // return step by kind
+	      if (kind == 'keys') return step(0, entry.k);
+	      if (kind == 'values') return step(0, entry.v);
+	      return step(0, [entry.k, entry.v]);
+	    }, IS_MAP ? 'entries' : 'values', !IS_MAP, true);
+
+	    // add [@@species], 23.1.2.2, 23.2.2.2
+	    setSpecies(NAME);
+	  }
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 223 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	module.exports = function (it, TYPE) {
+	  if (!isObject(it) || it._t !== TYPE) throw TypeError('Incompatible receiver, ' + TYPE + ' required!');
+	  return it;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 224 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var redefineAll = __webpack_require__(220);
+	var meta = __webpack_require__(25);
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+	var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var $iterDetect = __webpack_require__(167);
+	var setToStringTag = __webpack_require__(26);
+	var inheritIfRequired = __webpack_require__(88);
+
+	module.exports = function (NAME, wrapper, methods, common, IS_MAP, IS_WEAK) {
+	  var Base = global[NAME];
+	  var C = Base;
+	  var ADDER = IS_MAP ? 'set' : 'add';
+	  var proto = C && C.prototype;
+	  var O = {};
+	  var fixMethod = function (KEY) {
+	    var fn = proto[KEY];
+	    redefine(proto, KEY,
+	      KEY == 'delete' ? function (a) {
+	        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? false : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);
+	      } : KEY == 'has' ? function has(a) {
+	        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? false : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);
+	      } : KEY == 'get' ? function get(a) {
+	        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? undefined : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);
+	      } : KEY == 'add' ? function add(a) { fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a); return this; }
+	        : function set(a, b) { fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a, b); return this; }
+	    );
+	  };
+	  if (typeof C != 'function' || !(IS_WEAK || proto.forEach && !fails(function () {
+	    new C().entries().next();
+	  }))) {
+	    // create collection constructor
+	    C = common.getConstructor(wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER);
+	    redefineAll(C.prototype, methods);
+	    meta.NEED = true;
+	  } else {
+	    var instance = new C();
+	    // early implementations not supports chaining
+	    var HASNT_CHAINING = instance[ADDER](IS_WEAK ? {} : -0, 1) != instance;
+	    // V8 ~  Chromium 40- weak-collections throws on primitives, but should return false
+	    var THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES = fails(function () { instance.has(1); });
+	    // most early implementations doesn't supports iterables, most modern - not close it correctly
+	    var ACCEPT_ITERABLES = $iterDetect(function (iter) { new C(iter); }); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    // for early implementations -0 and +0 not the same
+	    var BUGGY_ZERO = !IS_WEAK && fails(function () {
+	      // V8 ~ Chromium 42- fails only with 5+ elements
+	      var $instance = new C();
+	      var index = 5;
+	      while (index--) $instance[ADDER](index, index);
+	      return !$instance.has(-0);
+	    });
+	    if (!ACCEPT_ITERABLES) {
+	      C = wrapper(function (target, iterable) {
+	        anInstance(target, C, NAME);
+	        var that = inheritIfRequired(new Base(), target, C);
+	        if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);
+	        return that;
+	      });
+	      C.prototype = proto;
+	      proto.constructor = C;
+	    }
+	    if (THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES || BUGGY_ZERO) {
+	      fixMethod('delete');
+	      fixMethod('has');
+	      IS_MAP && fixMethod('get');
+	    }
+	    if (BUGGY_ZERO || HASNT_CHAINING) fixMethod(ADDER);
+	    // weak collections should not contains .clear method
+	    if (IS_WEAK && proto.clear) delete proto.clear;
+	  }
+
+	  setToStringTag(C, NAME);
+
+	  O[NAME] = C;
+	  $export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (C != Base), O);
+
+	  if (!IS_WEAK) common.setStrong(C, NAME, IS_MAP);
+
+	  return C;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 225 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var strong = __webpack_require__(222);
+	var validate = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var SET = 'Set';
+
+	// 23.2 Set Objects
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(224)(SET, function (get) {
+	  return function Set() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };
+	}, {
+	  // 23.2.3.1 Set.prototype.add(value)
+	  add: function add(value) {
+	    return strong.def(validate(this, SET), value = value === 0 ? 0 : value, value);
+	  }
+	}, strong);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 226 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var each = __webpack_require__(174)(0);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var meta = __webpack_require__(25);
+	var assign = __webpack_require__(69);
+	var weak = __webpack_require__(227);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var validate = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var NATIVE_WEAK_MAP = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var IS_IE11 = !global.ActiveXObject && 'ActiveXObject' in global;
+	var WEAK_MAP = 'WeakMap';
+	var getWeak = meta.getWeak;
+	var isExtensible = Object.isExtensible;
+	var uncaughtFrozenStore = weak.ufstore;
+	var InternalMap;
+
+	var wrapper = function (get) {
+	  return function WeakMap() {
+	    return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined);
+	  };
+	};
+
+	var methods = {
+	  // 23.3.3.3 WeakMap.prototype.get(key)
+	  get: function get(key) {
+	    if (isObject(key)) {
+	      var data = getWeak(key);
+	      if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, WEAK_MAP)).get(key);
+	      return data ? data[this._i] : undefined;
+	    }
+	  },
+	  // 23.3.3.5 WeakMap.prototype.set(key, value)
+	  set: function set(key, value) {
+	    return weak.def(validate(this, WEAK_MAP), key, value);
+	  }
+	};
+
+	// 23.3 WeakMap Objects
+	var $WeakMap = module.exports = __webpack_require__(224)(WEAK_MAP, wrapper, methods, weak, true, true);
+
+	// IE11 WeakMap frozen keys fix
+	if (NATIVE_WEAK_MAP && IS_IE11) {
+	  InternalMap = weak.getConstructor(wrapper, WEAK_MAP);
+	  assign(InternalMap.prototype, methods);
+	  meta.NEED = true;
+	  each(['delete', 'has', 'get', 'set'], function (key) {
+	    var proto = $WeakMap.prototype;
+	    var method = proto[key];
+	    redefine(proto, key, function (a, b) {
+	      // store frozen objects on internal weakmap shim
+	      if (isObject(a) && !isExtensible(a)) {
+	        if (!this._f) this._f = new InternalMap();
+	        var result = this._f[key](a, b);
+	        return key == 'set' ? this : result;
+	      // store all the rest on native weakmap
+	      } return method.call(this, a, b);
+	    });
+	  });
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 227 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var redefineAll = __webpack_require__(220);
+	var getWeak = __webpack_require__(25).getWeak;
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+	var createArrayMethod = __webpack_require__(174);
+	var $has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var validate = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var arrayFind = createArrayMethod(5);
+	var arrayFindIndex = createArrayMethod(6);
+	var id = 0;
+
+	// fallback for uncaught frozen keys
+	var uncaughtFrozenStore = function (that) {
+	  return that._l || (that._l = new UncaughtFrozenStore());
+	};
+	var UncaughtFrozenStore = function () {
+	  this.a = [];
+	};
+	var findUncaughtFrozen = function (store, key) {
+	  return arrayFind(store.a, function (it) {
+	    return it[0] === key;
+	  });
+	};
+	UncaughtFrozenStore.prototype = {
+	  get: function (key) {
+	    var entry = findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);
+	    if (entry) return entry[1];
+	  },
+	  has: function (key) {
+	    return !!findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);
+	  },
+	  set: function (key, value) {
+	    var entry = findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);
+	    if (entry) entry[1] = value;
+	    else this.a.push([key, value]);
+	  },
+	  'delete': function (key) {
+	    var index = arrayFindIndex(this.a, function (it) {
+	      return it[0] === key;
+	    });
+	    if (~index) this.a.splice(index, 1);
+	    return !!~index;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	module.exports = {
+	  getConstructor: function (wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {
+	    var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {
+	      anInstance(that, C, NAME, '_i');
+	      that._t = NAME;      // collection type
+	      that._i = id++;      // collection id
+	      that._l = undefined; // leak store for uncaught frozen objects
+	      if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);
+	    });
+	    redefineAll(C.prototype, {
+	      // 23.3.3.2 WeakMap.prototype.delete(key)
+	      // 23.4.3.3 WeakSet.prototype.delete(value)
+	      'delete': function (key) {
+	        if (!isObject(key)) return false;
+	        var data = getWeak(key);
+	        if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, NAME))['delete'](key);
+	        return data && $has(data, this._i) && delete data[this._i];
+	      },
+	      // 23.3.3.4 WeakMap.prototype.has(key)
+	      // 23.4.3.4 WeakSet.prototype.has(value)
+	      has: function has(key) {
+	        if (!isObject(key)) return false;
+	        var data = getWeak(key);
+	        if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, NAME)).has(key);
+	        return data && $has(data, this._i);
+	      }
+	    });
+	    return C;
+	  },
+	  def: function (that, key, value) {
+	    var data = getWeak(anObject(key), true);
+	    if (data === true) uncaughtFrozenStore(that).set(key, value);
+	    else data[that._i] = value;
+	    return that;
+	  },
+	  ufstore: uncaughtFrozenStore
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 228 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var weak = __webpack_require__(227);
+	var validate = __webpack_require__(223);
+	var WEAK_SET = 'WeakSet';
+
+	// 23.4 WeakSet Objects
+	__webpack_require__(224)(WEAK_SET, function (get) {
+	  return function WeakSet() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };
+	}, {
+	  // 23.4.3.1 WeakSet.prototype.add(value)
+	  add: function add(value) {
+	    return weak.def(validate(this, WEAK_SET), value, true);
+	  }
+	}, weak, false, true);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 229 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $typed = __webpack_require__(230);
+	var buffer = __webpack_require__(231);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var ArrayBuffer = __webpack_require__(4).ArrayBuffer;
+	var speciesConstructor = __webpack_require__(210);
+	var $ArrayBuffer = buffer.ArrayBuffer;
+	var $DataView = buffer.DataView;
+	var $isView = $typed.ABV && ArrayBuffer.isView;
+	var $slice = $ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice;
+	var VIEW = $typed.VIEW;
+	var ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';
+
+	$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (ArrayBuffer !== $ArrayBuffer), { ArrayBuffer: $ArrayBuffer });
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !$typed.CONSTR, ARRAY_BUFFER, {
+	  // 24.1.3.1 ArrayBuffer.isView(arg)
+	  isView: function isView(it) {
+	    return $isView && $isView(it) || isObject(it) && VIEW in it;
+	  }
+	});
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.U + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  return !new $ArrayBuffer(2).slice(1, undefined).byteLength;
+	}), ARRAY_BUFFER, {
+	  // 24.1.4.3 ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice(start, end)
+	  slice: function slice(start, end) {
+	    if ($slice !== undefined && end === undefined) return $slice.call(anObject(this), start); // FF fix
+	    var len = anObject(this).byteLength;
+	    var first = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);
+	    var fin = toAbsoluteIndex(end === undefined ? len : end, len);
+	    var result = new (speciesConstructor(this, $ArrayBuffer))(toLength(fin - first));
+	    var viewS = new $DataView(this);
+	    var viewT = new $DataView(result);
+	    var index = 0;
+	    while (first < fin) {
+	      viewT.setUint8(index++, viewS.getUint8(first++));
+	    } return result;
+	  }
+	});
+
+	__webpack_require__(194)(ARRAY_BUFFER);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 230 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var uid = __webpack_require__(19);
+	var TYPED = uid('typed_array');
+	var VIEW = uid('view');
+	var ABV = !!(global.ArrayBuffer && global.DataView);
+	var CONSTR = ABV;
+	var i = 0;
+	var l = 9;
+	var Typed;
+
+	var TypedArrayConstructors = (
+	  'Int8Array,Uint8Array,Uint8ClampedArray,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array'
+	).split(',');
+
+	while (i < l) {
+	  if (Typed = global[TypedArrayConstructors[i++]]) {
+	    hide(Typed.prototype, TYPED, true);
+	    hide(Typed.prototype, VIEW, true);
+	  } else CONSTR = false;
+	}
+
+	module.exports = {
+	  ABV: ABV,
+	  CONSTR: CONSTR,
+	  TYPED: TYPED,
+	  VIEW: VIEW
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 231 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var LIBRARY = __webpack_require__(22);
+	var $typed = __webpack_require__(230);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var redefineAll = __webpack_require__(220);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var toIndex = __webpack_require__(232);
+	var gOPN = __webpack_require__(51).f;
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11).f;
+	var arrayFill = __webpack_require__(190);
+	var setToStringTag = __webpack_require__(26);
+	var ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';
+	var DATA_VIEW = 'DataView';
+	var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';
+	var WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length!';
+	var WRONG_INDEX = 'Wrong index!';
+	var $ArrayBuffer = global[ARRAY_BUFFER];
+	var $DataView = global[DATA_VIEW];
+	var Math = global.Math;
+	var RangeError = global.RangeError;
+	// eslint-disable-next-line no-shadow-restricted-names
+	var Infinity = global.Infinity;
+	var BaseBuffer = $ArrayBuffer;
+	var abs = Math.abs;
+	var pow = Math.pow;
+	var floor = Math.floor;
+	var log = Math.log;
+	var LN2 = Math.LN2;
+	var BUFFER = 'buffer';
+	var BYTE_LENGTH = 'byteLength';
+	var BYTE_OFFSET = 'byteOffset';
+	var $BUFFER = DESCRIPTORS ? '_b' : BUFFER;
+	var $LENGTH = DESCRIPTORS ? '_l' : BYTE_LENGTH;
+	var $OFFSET = DESCRIPTORS ? '_o' : BYTE_OFFSET;
+
+	// IEEE754 conversions based on https://github.com/feross/ieee754
+	function packIEEE754(value, mLen, nBytes) {
+	  var buffer = new Array(nBytes);
+	  var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;
+	  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;
+	  var eBias = eMax >> 1;
+	  var rt = mLen === 23 ? pow(2, -24) - pow(2, -77) : 0;
+	  var i = 0;
+	  var s = value < 0 || value === 0 && 1 / value < 0 ? 1 : 0;
+	  var e, m, c;
+	  value = abs(value);
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	  if (value != value || value === Infinity) {
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	    m = value != value ? 1 : 0;
+	    e = eMax;
+	  } else {
+	    e = floor(log(value) / LN2);
+	    if (value * (c = pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
+	      e--;
+	      c *= 2;
+	    }
+	    if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+	      value += rt / c;
+	    } else {
+	      value += rt * pow(2, 1 - eBias);
+	    }
+	    if (value * c >= 2) {
+	      e++;
+	      c /= 2;
+	    }
+	    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
+	      m = 0;
+	      e = eMax;
+	    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+	      m = (value * c - 1) * pow(2, mLen);
+	      e = e + eBias;
+	    } else {
+	      m = value * pow(2, eBias - 1) * pow(2, mLen);
+	      e = 0;
+	    }
+	  }
+	  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[i++] = m & 255, m /= 256, mLen -= 8);
+	  e = e << mLen | m;
+	  eLen += mLen;
+	  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[i++] = e & 255, e /= 256, eLen -= 8);
+	  buffer[--i] |= s * 128;
+	  return buffer;
+	}
+	function unpackIEEE754(buffer, mLen, nBytes) {
+	  var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;
+	  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;
+	  var eBias = eMax >> 1;
+	  var nBits = eLen - 7;
+	  var i = nBytes - 1;
+	  var s = buffer[i--];
+	  var e = s & 127;
+	  var m;
+	  s >>= 7;
+	  for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[i], i--, nBits -= 8);
+	  m = e & (1 << -nBits) - 1;
+	  e >>= -nBits;
+	  nBits += mLen;
+	  for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[i], i--, nBits -= 8);
+	  if (e === 0) {
+	    e = 1 - eBias;
+	  } else if (e === eMax) {
+	    return m ? NaN : s ? -Infinity : Infinity;
+	  } else {
+	    m = m + pow(2, mLen);
+	    e = e - eBias;
+	  } return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * pow(2, e - mLen);
+	}
+
+	function unpackI32(bytes) {
+	  return bytes[3] << 24 | bytes[2] << 16 | bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];
+	}
+	function packI8(it) {
+	  return [it & 0xff];
+	}
+	function packI16(it) {
+	  return [it & 0xff, it >> 8 & 0xff];
+	}
+	function packI32(it) {
+	  return [it & 0xff, it >> 8 & 0xff, it >> 16 & 0xff, it >> 24 & 0xff];
+	}
+	function packF64(it) {
+	  return packIEEE754(it, 52, 8);
+	}
+	function packF32(it) {
+	  return packIEEE754(it, 23, 4);
+	}
+
+	function addGetter(C, key, internal) {
+	  dP(C[PROTOTYPE], key, { get: function () { return this[internal]; } });
+	}
+
+	function get(view, bytes, index, isLittleEndian) {
+	  var numIndex = +index;
+	  var intIndex = toIndex(numIndex);
+	  if (intIndex + bytes > view[$LENGTH]) throw RangeError(WRONG_INDEX);
+	  var store = view[$BUFFER]._b;
+	  var start = intIndex + view[$OFFSET];
+	  var pack = store.slice(start, start + bytes);
+	  return isLittleEndian ? pack : pack.reverse();
+	}
+	function set(view, bytes, index, conversion, value, isLittleEndian) {
+	  var numIndex = +index;
+	  var intIndex = toIndex(numIndex);
+	  if (intIndex + bytes > view[$LENGTH]) throw RangeError(WRONG_INDEX);
+	  var store = view[$BUFFER]._b;
+	  var start = intIndex + view[$OFFSET];
+	  var pack = conversion(+value);
+	  for (var i = 0; i < bytes; i++) store[start + i] = pack[isLittleEndian ? i : bytes - i - 1];
+	}
+
+	if (!$typed.ABV) {
+	  $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {
+	    anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER);
+	    var byteLength = toIndex(length);
+	    this._b = arrayFill.call(new Array(byteLength), 0);
+	    this[$LENGTH] = byteLength;
+	  };
+
+	  $DataView = function DataView(buffer, byteOffset, byteLength) {
+	    anInstance(this, $DataView, DATA_VIEW);
+	    anInstance(buffer, $ArrayBuffer, DATA_VIEW);
+	    var bufferLength = buffer[$LENGTH];
+	    var offset = toInteger(byteOffset);
+	    if (offset < 0 || offset > bufferLength) throw RangeError('Wrong offset!');
+	    byteLength = byteLength === undefined ? bufferLength - offset : toLength(byteLength);
+	    if (offset + byteLength > bufferLength) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+	    this[$BUFFER] = buffer;
+	    this[$OFFSET] = offset;
+	    this[$LENGTH] = byteLength;
+	  };
+
+	  if (DESCRIPTORS) {
+	    addGetter($ArrayBuffer, BYTE_LENGTH, '_l');
+	    addGetter($DataView, BUFFER, '_b');
+	    addGetter($DataView, BYTE_LENGTH, '_l');
+	    addGetter($DataView, BYTE_OFFSET, '_o');
+	  }
+
+	  redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {
+	    getInt8: function getInt8(byteOffset) {
+	      return get(this, 1, byteOffset)[0] << 24 >> 24;
+	    },
+	    getUint8: function getUint8(byteOffset) {
+	      return get(this, 1, byteOffset)[0];
+	    },
+	    getInt16: function getInt16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      var bytes = get(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments[1]);
+	      return (bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0]) << 16 >> 16;
+	    },
+	    getUint16: function getUint16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      var bytes = get(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments[1]);
+	      return bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];
+	    },
+	    getInt32: function getInt32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      return unpackI32(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1]));
+	    },
+	    getUint32: function getUint32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      return unpackI32(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1])) >>> 0;
+	    },
+	    getFloat32: function getFloat32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      return unpackIEEE754(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1]), 23, 4);
+	    },
+	    getFloat64: function getFloat64(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      return unpackIEEE754(get(this, 8, byteOffset, arguments[1]), 52, 8);
+	    },
+	    setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {
+	      set(this, 1, byteOffset, packI8, value);
+	    },
+	    setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {
+	      set(this, 1, byteOffset, packI8, value);
+	    },
+	    setInt16: function setInt16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      set(this, 2, byteOffset, packI16, value, arguments[2]);
+	    },
+	    setUint16: function setUint16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      set(this, 2, byteOffset, packI16, value, arguments[2]);
+	    },
+	    setInt32: function setInt32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packI32, value, arguments[2]);
+	    },
+	    setUint32: function setUint32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packI32, value, arguments[2]);
+	    },
+	    setFloat32: function setFloat32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packF32, value, arguments[2]);
+	    },
+	    setFloat64: function setFloat64(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+	      set(this, 8, byteOffset, packF64, value, arguments[2]);
+	    }
+	  });
+	} else {
+	  if (!fails(function () {
+	    $ArrayBuffer(1);
+	  }) || !fails(function () {
+	    new $ArrayBuffer(-1); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	  }) || fails(function () {
+	    new $ArrayBuffer(); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    new $ArrayBuffer(1.5); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    new $ArrayBuffer(NaN); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    return $ArrayBuffer.name != ARRAY_BUFFER;
+	  })) {
+	    $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {
+	      anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer);
+	      return new BaseBuffer(toIndex(length));
+	    };
+	    var ArrayBufferProto = $ArrayBuffer[PROTOTYPE] = BaseBuffer[PROTOTYPE];
+	    for (var keys = gOPN(BaseBuffer), j = 0, key; keys.length > j;) {
+	      if (!((key = keys[j++]) in $ArrayBuffer)) hide($ArrayBuffer, key, BaseBuffer[key]);
+	    }
+	    if (!LIBRARY) ArrayBufferProto.constructor = $ArrayBuffer;
+	  }
+	  // iOS Safari 7.x bug
+	  var view = new $DataView(new $ArrayBuffer(2));
+	  var $setInt8 = $DataView[PROTOTYPE].setInt8;
+	  view.setInt8(0, 2147483648);
+	  view.setInt8(1, 2147483649);
+	  if (view.getInt8(0) || !view.getInt8(1)) redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {
+	    setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {
+	      $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);
+	    },
+	    setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {
+	      $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);
+	    }
+	  }, true);
+	}
+	setToStringTag($ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER);
+	setToStringTag($DataView, DATA_VIEW);
+	hide($DataView[PROTOTYPE], $typed.VIEW, true);
+	exports[ARRAY_BUFFER] = $ArrayBuffer;
+	exports[DATA_VIEW] = $DataView;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 232 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-toindex
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	module.exports = function (it) {
+	  if (it === undefined) return 0;
+	  var number = toInteger(it);
+	  var length = toLength(number);
+	  if (number !== length) throw RangeError('Wrong length!');
+	  return length;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 233 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(230).ABV, {
+	  DataView: __webpack_require__(231).DataView
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 234 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Int8', 1, function (init) {
+	  return function Int8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 235 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	if (__webpack_require__(6)) {
+	  var LIBRARY = __webpack_require__(22);
+	  var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	  var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	  var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	  var $typed = __webpack_require__(230);
+	  var $buffer = __webpack_require__(231);
+	  var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	  var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	  var propertyDesc = __webpack_require__(17);
+	  var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	  var redefineAll = __webpack_require__(220);
+	  var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	  var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	  var toIndex = __webpack_require__(232);
+	  var toAbsoluteIndex = __webpack_require__(40);
+	  var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	  var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	  var classof = __webpack_require__(75);
+	  var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	  var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	  var isArrayIter = __webpack_require__(164);
+	  var create = __webpack_require__(47);
+	  var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	  var gOPN = __webpack_require__(51).f;
+	  var getIterFn = __webpack_require__(166);
+	  var uid = __webpack_require__(19);
+	  var wks = __webpack_require__(27);
+	  var createArrayMethod = __webpack_require__(174);
+	  var createArrayIncludes = __webpack_require__(37);
+	  var speciesConstructor = __webpack_require__(210);
+	  var ArrayIterators = __webpack_require__(195);
+	  var Iterators = __webpack_require__(130);
+	  var $iterDetect = __webpack_require__(167);
+	  var setSpecies = __webpack_require__(194);
+	  var arrayFill = __webpack_require__(190);
+	  var arrayCopyWithin = __webpack_require__(187);
+	  var $DP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	  var $GOPD = __webpack_require__(52);
+	  var dP = $DP.f;
+	  var gOPD = $GOPD.f;
+	  var RangeError = global.RangeError;
+	  var TypeError = global.TypeError;
+	  var Uint8Array = global.Uint8Array;
+	  var ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';
+	  var SHARED_BUFFER = 'Shared' + ARRAY_BUFFER;
+	  var BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT';
+	  var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';
+	  var ArrayProto = Array[PROTOTYPE];
+	  var $ArrayBuffer = $buffer.ArrayBuffer;
+	  var $DataView = $buffer.DataView;
+	  var arrayForEach = createArrayMethod(0);
+	  var arrayFilter = createArrayMethod(2);
+	  var arraySome = createArrayMethod(3);
+	  var arrayEvery = createArrayMethod(4);
+	  var arrayFind = createArrayMethod(5);
+	  var arrayFindIndex = createArrayMethod(6);
+	  var arrayIncludes = createArrayIncludes(true);
+	  var arrayIndexOf = createArrayIncludes(false);
+	  var arrayValues = ArrayIterators.values;
+	  var arrayKeys = ArrayIterators.keys;
+	  var arrayEntries = ArrayIterators.entries;
+	  var arrayLastIndexOf = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf;
+	  var arrayReduce = ArrayProto.reduce;
+	  var arrayReduceRight = ArrayProto.reduceRight;
+	  var arrayJoin = ArrayProto.join;
+	  var arraySort = ArrayProto.sort;
+	  var arraySlice = ArrayProto.slice;
+	  var arrayToString = ArrayProto.toString;
+	  var arrayToLocaleString = ArrayProto.toLocaleString;
+	  var ITERATOR = wks('iterator');
+	  var TAG = wks('toStringTag');
+	  var TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR = uid('typed_constructor');
+	  var DEF_CONSTRUCTOR = uid('def_constructor');
+	  var ALL_CONSTRUCTORS = $typed.CONSTR;
+	  var TYPED_ARRAY = $typed.TYPED;
+	  var VIEW = $typed.VIEW;
+	  var WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length!';
+
+	  var $map = createArrayMethod(1, function (O, length) {
+	    return allocate(speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]), length);
+	  });
+
+	  var LITTLE_ENDIAN = fails(function () {
+	    // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+	    return new Uint8Array(new Uint16Array([1]).buffer)[0] === 1;
+	  });
+
+	  var FORCED_SET = !!Uint8Array && !!Uint8Array[PROTOTYPE].set && fails(function () {
+	    new Uint8Array(1).set({});
+	  });
+
+	  var toOffset = function (it, BYTES) {
+	    var offset = toInteger(it);
+	    if (offset < 0 || offset % BYTES) throw RangeError('Wrong offset!');
+	    return offset;
+	  };
+
+	  var validate = function (it) {
+	    if (isObject(it) && TYPED_ARRAY in it) return it;
+	    throw TypeError(it + ' is not a typed array!');
+	  };
+
+	  var allocate = function (C, length) {
+	    if (!(isObject(C) && TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR in C)) {
+	      throw TypeError('It is not a typed array constructor!');
+	    } return new C(length);
+	  };
+
+	  var speciesFromList = function (O, list) {
+	    return fromList(speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]), list);
+	  };
+
+	  var fromList = function (C, list) {
+	    var index = 0;
+	    var length = list.length;
+	    var result = allocate(C, length);
+	    while (length > index) result[index] = list[index++];
+	    return result;
+	  };
+
+	  var addGetter = function (it, key, internal) {
+	    dP(it, key, { get: function () { return this._d[internal]; } });
+	  };
+
+	  var $from = function from(source /* , mapfn, thisArg */) {
+	    var O = toObject(source);
+	    var aLen = arguments.length;
+	    var mapfn = aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+	    var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;
+	    var iterFn = getIterFn(O);
+	    var i, length, values, result, step, iterator;
+	    if (iterFn != undefined && !isArrayIter(iterFn)) {
+	      for (iterator = iterFn.call(O), values = [], i = 0; !(step = iterator.next()).done; i++) {
+	        values.push(step.value);
+	      } O = values;
+	    }
+	    if (mapping && aLen > 2) mapfn = ctx(mapfn, arguments[2], 2);
+	    for (i = 0, length = toLength(O.length), result = allocate(this, length); length > i; i++) {
+	      result[i] = mapping ? mapfn(O[i], i) : O[i];
+	    }
+	    return result;
+	  };
+
+	  var $of = function of(/* ...items */) {
+	    var index = 0;
+	    var length = arguments.length;
+	    var result = allocate(this, length);
+	    while (length > index) result[index] = arguments[index++];
+	    return result;
+	  };
+
+	  // iOS Safari 6.x fails here
+	  var TO_LOCALE_BUG = !!Uint8Array && fails(function () { arrayToLocaleString.call(new Uint8Array(1)); });
+
+	  var $toLocaleString = function toLocaleString() {
+	    return arrayToLocaleString.apply(TO_LOCALE_BUG ? arraySlice.call(validate(this)) : validate(this), arguments);
+	  };
+
+	  var proto = {
+	    copyWithin: function copyWithin(target, start /* , end */) {
+	      return arrayCopyWithin.call(validate(this), target, start, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	      return arrayEvery(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    fill: function fill(value /* , start, end */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	      return arrayFill.apply(validate(this), arguments);
+	    },
+	    filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	      return speciesFromList(this, arrayFilter(validate(this), callbackfn,
+	        arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined));
+	    },
+	    find: function find(predicate /* , thisArg */) {
+	      return arrayFind(validate(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    findIndex: function findIndex(predicate /* , thisArg */) {
+	      return arrayFindIndex(validate(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	      arrayForEach(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {
+	      return arrayIndexOf(validate(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    includes: function includes(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {
+	      return arrayIncludes(validate(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    join: function join(separator) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	      return arrayJoin.apply(validate(this), arguments);
+	    },
+	    lastIndexOf: function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	      return arrayLastIndexOf.apply(validate(this), arguments);
+	    },
+	    map: function map(mapfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	      return $map(validate(this), mapfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	      return arrayReduce.apply(validate(this), arguments);
+	    },
+	    reduceRight: function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+	      return arrayReduceRight.apply(validate(this), arguments);
+	    },
+	    reverse: function reverse() {
+	      var that = this;
+	      var length = validate(that).length;
+	      var middle = Math.floor(length / 2);
+	      var index = 0;
+	      var value;
+	      while (index < middle) {
+	        value = that[index];
+	        that[index++] = that[--length];
+	        that[length] = value;
+	      } return that;
+	    },
+	    some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	      return arraySome(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	    },
+	    sort: function sort(comparefn) {
+	      return arraySort.call(validate(this), comparefn);
+	    },
+	    subarray: function subarray(begin, end) {
+	      var O = validate(this);
+	      var length = O.length;
+	      var $begin = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, length);
+	      return new (speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]))(
+	        O.buffer,
+	        O.byteOffset + $begin * O.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
+	        toLength((end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length)) - $begin)
+	      );
+	    }
+	  };
+
+	  var $slice = function slice(start, end) {
+	    return speciesFromList(this, arraySlice.call(validate(this), start, end));
+	  };
+
+	  var $set = function set(arrayLike /* , offset */) {
+	    validate(this);
+	    var offset = toOffset(arguments[1], 1);
+	    var length = this.length;
+	    var src = toObject(arrayLike);
+	    var len = toLength(src.length);
+	    var index = 0;
+	    if (len + offset > length) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+	    while (index < len) this[offset + index] = src[index++];
+	  };
+
+	  var $iterators = {
+	    entries: function entries() {
+	      return arrayEntries.call(validate(this));
+	    },
+	    keys: function keys() {
+	      return arrayKeys.call(validate(this));
+	    },
+	    values: function values() {
+	      return arrayValues.call(validate(this));
+	    }
+	  };
+
+	  var isTAIndex = function (target, key) {
+	    return isObject(target)
+	      && target[TYPED_ARRAY]
+	      && typeof key != 'symbol'
+	      && key in target
+	      && String(+key) == String(key);
+	  };
+	  var $getDesc = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) {
+	    return isTAIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))
+	      ? propertyDesc(2, target[key])
+	      : gOPD(target, key);
+	  };
+	  var $setDesc = function defineProperty(target, key, desc) {
+	    if (isTAIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))
+	      && isObject(desc)
+	      && has(desc, 'value')
+	      && !has(desc, 'get')
+	      && !has(desc, 'set')
+	      // TODO: add validation descriptor w/o calling accessors
+	      && !desc.configurable
+	      && (!has(desc, 'writable') || desc.writable)
+	      && (!has(desc, 'enumerable') || desc.enumerable)
+	    ) {
+	      target[key] = desc.value;
+	      return target;
+	    } return dP(target, key, desc);
+	  };
+
+	  if (!ALL_CONSTRUCTORS) {
+	    $GOPD.f = $getDesc;
+	    $DP.f = $setDesc;
+	  }
+
+	  $export($export.S + $export.F * !ALL_CONSTRUCTORS, 'Object', {
+	    getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getDesc,
+	    defineProperty: $setDesc
+	  });
+
+	  if (fails(function () { arrayToString.call({}); })) {
+	    arrayToString = arrayToLocaleString = function toString() {
+	      return arrayJoin.call(this);
+	    };
+	  }
+
+	  var $TypedArrayPrototype$ = redefineAll({}, proto);
+	  redefineAll($TypedArrayPrototype$, $iterators);
+	  hide($TypedArrayPrototype$, ITERATOR, $iterators.values);
+	  redefineAll($TypedArrayPrototype$, {
+	    slice: $slice,
+	    set: $set,
+	    constructor: function () { /* noop */ },
+	    toString: arrayToString,
+	    toLocaleString: $toLocaleString
+	  });
+	  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'buffer', 'b');
+	  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'byteOffset', 'o');
+	  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'byteLength', 'l');
+	  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'length', 'e');
+	  dP($TypedArrayPrototype$, TAG, {
+	    get: function () { return this[TYPED_ARRAY]; }
+	  });
+
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements
+	  module.exports = function (KEY, BYTES, wrapper, CLAMPED) {
+	    CLAMPED = !!CLAMPED;
+	    var NAME = KEY + (CLAMPED ? 'Clamped' : '') + 'Array';
+	    var GETTER = 'get' + KEY;
+	    var SETTER = 'set' + KEY;
+	    var TypedArray = global[NAME];
+	    var Base = TypedArray || {};
+	    var TAC = TypedArray && getPrototypeOf(TypedArray);
+	    var FORCED = !TypedArray || !$typed.ABV;
+	    var O = {};
+	    var TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray && TypedArray[PROTOTYPE];
+	    var getter = function (that, index) {
+	      var data = that._d;
+	      return data.v[GETTER](index * BYTES + data.o, LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+	    };
+	    var setter = function (that, index, value) {
+	      var data = that._d;
+	      if (CLAMPED) value = (value = Math.round(value)) < 0 ? 0 : value > 0xff ? 0xff : value & 0xff;
+	      data.v[SETTER](index * BYTES + data.o, value, LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+	    };
+	    var addElement = function (that, index) {
+	      dP(that, index, {
+	        get: function () {
+	          return getter(this, index);
+	        },
+	        set: function (value) {
+	          return setter(this, index, value);
+	        },
+	        enumerable: true
+	      });
+	    };
+	    if (FORCED) {
+	      TypedArray = wrapper(function (that, data, $offset, $length) {
+	        anInstance(that, TypedArray, NAME, '_d');
+	        var index = 0;
+	        var offset = 0;
+	        var buffer, byteLength, length, klass;
+	        if (!isObject(data)) {
+	          length = toIndex(data);
+	          byteLength = length * BYTES;
+	          buffer = new $ArrayBuffer(byteLength);
+	        } else if (data instanceof $ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(data)) == ARRAY_BUFFER || klass == SHARED_BUFFER) {
+	          buffer = data;
+	          offset = toOffset($offset, BYTES);
+	          var $len = data.byteLength;
+	          if ($length === undefined) {
+	            if ($len % BYTES) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+	            byteLength = $len - offset;
+	            if (byteLength < 0) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+	          } else {
+	            byteLength = toLength($length) * BYTES;
+	            if (byteLength + offset > $len) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+	          }
+	          length = byteLength / BYTES;
+	        } else if (TYPED_ARRAY in data) {
+	          return fromList(TypedArray, data);
+	        } else {
+	          return $from.call(TypedArray, data);
+	        }
+	        hide(that, '_d', {
+	          b: buffer,
+	          o: offset,
+	          l: byteLength,
+	          e: length,
+	          v: new $DataView(buffer)
+	        });
+	        while (index < length) addElement(that, index++);
+	      });
+	      TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray[PROTOTYPE] = create($TypedArrayPrototype$);
+	      hide(TypedArrayPrototype, 'constructor', TypedArray);
+	    } else if (!fails(function () {
+	      TypedArray(1);
+	    }) || !fails(function () {
+	      new TypedArray(-1); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    }) || !$iterDetect(function (iter) {
+	      new TypedArray(); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	      new TypedArray(null); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	      new TypedArray(1.5); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	      new TypedArray(iter); // eslint-disable-line no-new
+	    }, true)) {
+	      TypedArray = wrapper(function (that, data, $offset, $length) {
+	        anInstance(that, TypedArray, NAME);
+	        var klass;
+	        // `ws` module bug, temporarily remove validation length for Uint8Array
+	        // https://github.com/websockets/ws/pull/645
+	        if (!isObject(data)) return new Base(toIndex(data));
+	        if (data instanceof $ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(data)) == ARRAY_BUFFER || klass == SHARED_BUFFER) {
+	          return $length !== undefined
+	            ? new Base(data, toOffset($offset, BYTES), $length)
+	            : $offset !== undefined
+	              ? new Base(data, toOffset($offset, BYTES))
+	              : new Base(data);
+	        }
+	        if (TYPED_ARRAY in data) return fromList(TypedArray, data);
+	        return $from.call(TypedArray, data);
+	      });
+	      arrayForEach(TAC !== Function.prototype ? gOPN(Base).concat(gOPN(TAC)) : gOPN(Base), function (key) {
+	        if (!(key in TypedArray)) hide(TypedArray, key, Base[key]);
+	      });
+	      TypedArray[PROTOTYPE] = TypedArrayPrototype;
+	      if (!LIBRARY) TypedArrayPrototype.constructor = TypedArray;
+	    }
+	    var $nativeIterator = TypedArrayPrototype[ITERATOR];
+	    var CORRECT_ITER_NAME = !!$nativeIterator
+	      && ($nativeIterator.name == 'values' || $nativeIterator.name == undefined);
+	    var $iterator = $iterators.values;
+	    hide(TypedArray, TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR, true);
+	    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, TYPED_ARRAY, NAME);
+	    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, VIEW, true);
+	    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, DEF_CONSTRUCTOR, TypedArray);
+
+	    if (CLAMPED ? new TypedArray(1)[TAG] != NAME : !(TAG in TypedArrayPrototype)) {
+	      dP(TypedArrayPrototype, TAG, {
+	        get: function () { return NAME; }
+	      });
+	    }
+
+	    O[NAME] = TypedArray;
+
+	    $export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (TypedArray != Base), O);
+
+	    $export($export.S, NAME, {
+	      BYTES_PER_ELEMENT: BYTES
+	    });
+
+	    $export($export.S + $export.F * fails(function () { Base.of.call(TypedArray, 1); }), NAME, {
+	      from: $from,
+	      of: $of
+	    });
+
+	    if (!(BYTES_PER_ELEMENT in TypedArrayPrototype)) hide(TypedArrayPrototype, BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, BYTES);
+
+	    $export($export.P, NAME, proto);
+
+	    setSpecies(NAME);
+
+	    $export($export.P + $export.F * FORCED_SET, NAME, { set: $set });
+
+	    $export($export.P + $export.F * !CORRECT_ITER_NAME, NAME, $iterators);
+
+	    if (!LIBRARY && TypedArrayPrototype.toString != arrayToString) TypedArrayPrototype.toString = arrayToString;
+
+	    $export($export.P + $export.F * fails(function () {
+	      new TypedArray(1).slice();
+	    }), NAME, { slice: $slice });
+
+	    $export($export.P + $export.F * (fails(function () {
+	      return [1, 2].toLocaleString() != new TypedArray([1, 2]).toLocaleString();
+	    }) || !fails(function () {
+	      TypedArrayPrototype.toLocaleString.call([1, 2]);
+	    })), NAME, { toLocaleString: $toLocaleString });
+
+	    Iterators[NAME] = CORRECT_ITER_NAME ? $nativeIterator : $iterator;
+	    if (!LIBRARY && !CORRECT_ITER_NAME) hide(TypedArrayPrototype, ITERATOR, $iterator);
+	  };
+	} else module.exports = function () { /* empty */ };
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 236 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Uint8', 1, function (init) {
+	  return function Uint8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 237 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Uint8', 1, function (init) {
+	  return function Uint8ClampedArray(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	}, true);
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 238 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Int16', 2, function (init) {
+	  return function Int16Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 239 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Uint16', 2, function (init) {
+	  return function Uint16Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 240 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Int32', 4, function (init) {
+	  return function Int32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 241 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Uint32', 4, function (init) {
+	  return function Uint32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 242 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Float32', 4, function (init) {
+	  return function Float32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 243 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(235)('Float64', 8, function (init) {
+	  return function Float64Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+	    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+	  };
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 244 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.1 Reflect.apply(target, thisArgument, argumentsList)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var rApply = (__webpack_require__(4).Reflect || {}).apply;
+	var fApply = Function.apply;
+	// MS Edge argumentsList argument is optional
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * !__webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  rApply(function () { /* empty */ });
+	}), 'Reflect', {
+	  apply: function apply(target, thisArgument, argumentsList) {
+	    var T = aFunction(target);
+	    var L = anObject(argumentsList);
+	    return rApply ? rApply(T, thisArgument, L) : fApply.call(T, thisArgument, L);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 245 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.2 Reflect.construct(target, argumentsList [, newTarget])
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var create = __webpack_require__(47);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var fails = __webpack_require__(7);
+	var bind = __webpack_require__(77);
+	var rConstruct = (__webpack_require__(4).Reflect || {}).construct;
+
+	// MS Edge supports only 2 arguments and argumentsList argument is optional
+	// FF Nightly sets third argument as `new.target`, but does not create `this` from it
+	var NEW_TARGET_BUG = fails(function () {
+	  function F() { /* empty */ }
+	  return !(rConstruct(function () { /* empty */ }, [], F) instanceof F);
+	});
+	var ARGS_BUG = !fails(function () {
+	  rConstruct(function () { /* empty */ });
+	});
+
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * (NEW_TARGET_BUG || ARGS_BUG), 'Reflect', {
+	  construct: function construct(Target, args /* , newTarget */) {
+	    aFunction(Target);
+	    anObject(args);
+	    var newTarget = arguments.length < 3 ? Target : aFunction(arguments[2]);
+	    if (ARGS_BUG && !NEW_TARGET_BUG) return rConstruct(Target, args, newTarget);
+	    if (Target == newTarget) {
+	      // w/o altered newTarget, optimization for 0-4 arguments
+	      switch (args.length) {
+	        case 0: return new Target();
+	        case 1: return new Target(args[0]);
+	        case 2: return new Target(args[0], args[1]);
+	        case 3: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+	        case 4: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
+	      }
+	      // w/o altered newTarget, lot of arguments case
+	      var $args = [null];
+	      $args.push.apply($args, args);
+	      return new (bind.apply(Target, $args))();
+	    }
+	    // with altered newTarget, not support built-in constructors
+	    var proto = newTarget.prototype;
+	    var instance = create(isObject(proto) ? proto : Object.prototype);
+	    var result = Function.apply.call(Target, instance, args);
+	    return isObject(result) ? result : instance;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 246 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.3 Reflect.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, attributes)
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+
+	// MS Edge has broken Reflect.defineProperty - throwing instead of returning false
+	$export($export.S + $export.F * __webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+	  Reflect.defineProperty(dP.f({}, 1, { value: 1 }), 1, { value: 2 });
+	}), 'Reflect', {
+	  defineProperty: function defineProperty(target, propertyKey, attributes) {
+	    anObject(target);
+	    propertyKey = toPrimitive(propertyKey, true);
+	    anObject(attributes);
+	    try {
+	      dP.f(target, propertyKey, attributes);
+	      return true;
+	    } catch (e) {
+	      return false;
+	    }
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 247 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.4 Reflect.deleteProperty(target, propertyKey)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var gOPD = __webpack_require__(52).f;
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  deleteProperty: function deleteProperty(target, propertyKey) {
+	    var desc = gOPD(anObject(target), propertyKey);
+	    return desc && !desc.configurable ? false : delete target[propertyKey];
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 248 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// 26.1.5 Reflect.enumerate(target)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var Enumerate = function (iterated) {
+	  this._t = anObject(iterated); // target
+	  this._i = 0;                  // next index
+	  var keys = this._k = [];      // keys
+	  var key;
+	  for (key in iterated) keys.push(key);
+	};
+	__webpack_require__(131)(Enumerate, 'Object', function () {
+	  var that = this;
+	  var keys = that._k;
+	  var key;
+	  do {
+	    if (that._i >= keys.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };
+	  } while (!((key = keys[that._i++]) in that._t));
+	  return { value: key, done: false };
+	});
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  enumerate: function enumerate(target) {
+	    return new Enumerate(target);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 249 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.6 Reflect.get(target, propertyKey [, receiver])
+	var gOPD = __webpack_require__(52);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+
+	function get(target, propertyKey /* , receiver */) {
+	  var receiver = arguments.length < 3 ? target : arguments[2];
+	  var desc, proto;
+	  if (anObject(target) === receiver) return target[propertyKey];
+	  if (desc = gOPD.f(target, propertyKey)) return has(desc, 'value')
+	    ? desc.value
+	    : desc.get !== undefined
+	      ? desc.get.call(receiver)
+	      : undefined;
+	  if (isObject(proto = getPrototypeOf(target))) return get(proto, propertyKey, receiver);
+	}
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { get: get });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 250 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.7 Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, propertyKey)
+	var gOPD = __webpack_require__(52);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, propertyKey) {
+	    return gOPD.f(anObject(target), propertyKey);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 251 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.8 Reflect.getPrototypeOf(target)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var getProto = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  getPrototypeOf: function getPrototypeOf(target) {
+	    return getProto(anObject(target));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 252 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.9 Reflect.has(target, propertyKey)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  has: function has(target, propertyKey) {
+	    return propertyKey in target;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 253 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.10 Reflect.isExtensible(target)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var $isExtensible = Object.isExtensible;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  isExtensible: function isExtensible(target) {
+	    anObject(target);
+	    return $isExtensible ? $isExtensible(target) : true;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 254 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.11 Reflect.ownKeys(target)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { ownKeys: __webpack_require__(255) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 255 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// all object keys, includes non-enumerable and symbols
+	var gOPN = __webpack_require__(51);
+	var gOPS = __webpack_require__(43);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var Reflect = __webpack_require__(4).Reflect;
+	module.exports = Reflect && Reflect.ownKeys || function ownKeys(it) {
+	  var keys = gOPN.f(anObject(it));
+	  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;
+	  return getSymbols ? keys.concat(getSymbols(it)) : keys;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 256 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.12 Reflect.preventExtensions(target)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var $preventExtensions = Object.preventExtensions;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  preventExtensions: function preventExtensions(target) {
+	    anObject(target);
+	    try {
+	      if ($preventExtensions) $preventExtensions(target);
+	      return true;
+	    } catch (e) {
+	      return false;
+	    }
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 257 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.13 Reflect.set(target, propertyKey, V [, receiver])
+	var dP = __webpack_require__(11);
+	var gOPD = __webpack_require__(52);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var has = __webpack_require__(5);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var createDesc = __webpack_require__(17);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+
+	function set(target, propertyKey, V /* , receiver */) {
+	  var receiver = arguments.length < 4 ? target : arguments[3];
+	  var ownDesc = gOPD.f(anObject(target), propertyKey);
+	  var existingDescriptor, proto;
+	  if (!ownDesc) {
+	    if (isObject(proto = getPrototypeOf(target))) {
+	      return set(proto, propertyKey, V, receiver);
+	    }
+	    ownDesc = createDesc(0);
+	  }
+	  if (has(ownDesc, 'value')) {
+	    if (ownDesc.writable === false || !isObject(receiver)) return false;
+	    if (existingDescriptor = gOPD.f(receiver, propertyKey)) {
+	      if (existingDescriptor.get || existingDescriptor.set || existingDescriptor.writable === false) return false;
+	      existingDescriptor.value = V;
+	      dP.f(receiver, propertyKey, existingDescriptor);
+	    } else dP.f(receiver, propertyKey, createDesc(0, V));
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	  return ownDesc.set === undefined ? false : (ownDesc.set.call(receiver, V), true);
+	}
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { set: set });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 258 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// 26.1.14 Reflect.setPrototypeOf(target, proto)
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var setProto = __webpack_require__(73);
+
+	if (setProto) $export($export.S, 'Reflect', {
+	  setPrototypeOf: function setPrototypeOf(target, proto) {
+	    setProto.check(target, proto);
+	    try {
+	      setProto.set(target, proto);
+	      return true;
+	    } catch (e) {
+	      return false;
+	    }
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 259 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.includes
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $includes = __webpack_require__(37)(true);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'Array', {
+	  includes: function includes(el /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {
+	    return $includes(this, el, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+	  }
+	});
+
+	__webpack_require__(188)('includes');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 260 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-Array.prototype.flatMap
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var flattenIntoArray = __webpack_require__(261);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var arraySpeciesCreate = __webpack_require__(175);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'Array', {
+	  flatMap: function flatMap(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+	    var O = toObject(this);
+	    var sourceLen, A;
+	    aFunction(callbackfn);
+	    sourceLen = toLength(O.length);
+	    A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);
+	    flattenIntoArray(A, O, O, sourceLen, 0, 1, callbackfn, arguments[1]);
+	    return A;
+	  }
+	});
+
+	__webpack_require__(188)('flatMap');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 261 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-FlattenIntoArray
+	var isArray = __webpack_require__(45);
+	var isObject = __webpack_require__(13);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE = __webpack_require__(27)('isConcatSpreadable');
+
+	function flattenIntoArray(target, original, source, sourceLen, start, depth, mapper, thisArg) {
+	  var targetIndex = start;
+	  var sourceIndex = 0;
+	  var mapFn = mapper ? ctx(mapper, thisArg, 3) : false;
+	  var element, spreadable;
+
+	  while (sourceIndex < sourceLen) {
+	    if (sourceIndex in source) {
+	      element = mapFn ? mapFn(source[sourceIndex], sourceIndex, original) : source[sourceIndex];
+
+	      spreadable = false;
+	      if (isObject(element)) {
+	        spreadable = element[IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE];
+	        spreadable = spreadable !== undefined ? !!spreadable : isArray(element);
+	      }
+
+	      if (spreadable && depth > 0) {
+	        targetIndex = flattenIntoArray(target, original, element, toLength(element.length), targetIndex, depth - 1) - 1;
+	      } else {
+	        if (targetIndex >= 0x1fffffffffffff) throw TypeError();
+	        target[targetIndex] = element;
+	      }
+
+	      targetIndex++;
+	    }
+	    sourceIndex++;
+	  }
+	  return targetIndex;
+	}
+
+	module.exports = flattenIntoArray;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 262 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-Array.prototype.flatten
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var flattenIntoArray = __webpack_require__(261);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var toInteger = __webpack_require__(39);
+	var arraySpeciesCreate = __webpack_require__(175);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'Array', {
+	  flatten: function flatten(/* depthArg = 1 */) {
+	    var depthArg = arguments[0];
+	    var O = toObject(this);
+	    var sourceLen = toLength(O.length);
+	    var A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);
+	    flattenIntoArray(A, O, O, sourceLen, 0, depthArg === undefined ? 1 : toInteger(depthArg));
+	    return A;
+	  }
+	});
+
+	__webpack_require__(188)('flatten');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 263 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/mathiasbynens/String.prototype.at
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $at = __webpack_require__(128)(true);
+
+	$export($export.P, 'String', {
+	  at: function at(pos) {
+	    return $at(this, pos);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 264 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $pad = __webpack_require__(265);
+	var userAgent = __webpack_require__(218);
+
+	// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/280
+	var WEBKIT_BUG = /Version\/10\.\d+(\.\d+)?( Mobile\/\w+)? Safari\//.test(userAgent);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * WEBKIT_BUG, 'String', {
+	  padStart: function padStart(maxLength /* , fillString = ' ' */) {
+	    return $pad(this, maxLength, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, true);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 265 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var repeat = __webpack_require__(91);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+
+	module.exports = function (that, maxLength, fillString, left) {
+	  var S = String(defined(that));
+	  var stringLength = S.length;
+	  var fillStr = fillString === undefined ? ' ' : String(fillString);
+	  var intMaxLength = toLength(maxLength);
+	  if (intMaxLength <= stringLength || fillStr == '') return S;
+	  var fillLen = intMaxLength - stringLength;
+	  var stringFiller = repeat.call(fillStr, Math.ceil(fillLen / fillStr.length));
+	  if (stringFiller.length > fillLen) stringFiller = stringFiller.slice(0, fillLen);
+	  return left ? stringFiller + S : S + stringFiller;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 266 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $pad = __webpack_require__(265);
+	var userAgent = __webpack_require__(218);
+
+	// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/280
+	var WEBKIT_BUG = /Version\/10\.\d+(\.\d+)?( Mobile\/\w+)? Safari\//.test(userAgent);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.F * WEBKIT_BUG, 'String', {
+	  padEnd: function padEnd(maxLength /* , fillString = ' ' */) {
+	    return $pad(this, maxLength, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, false);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 267 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-string-left-right-trim
+	__webpack_require__(83)('trimLeft', function ($trim) {
+	  return function trimLeft() {
+	    return $trim(this, 1);
+	  };
+	}, 'trimStart');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 268 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-string-left-right-trim
+	__webpack_require__(83)('trimRight', function ($trim) {
+	  return function trimRight() {
+	    return $trim(this, 2);
+	  };
+	}, 'trimEnd');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 269 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://tc39.github.io/String.prototype.matchAll/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var defined = __webpack_require__(36);
+	var toLength = __webpack_require__(38);
+	var isRegExp = __webpack_require__(135);
+	var getFlags = __webpack_require__(198);
+	var RegExpProto = RegExp.prototype;
+
+	var $RegExpStringIterator = function (regexp, string) {
+	  this._r = regexp;
+	  this._s = string;
+	};
+
+	__webpack_require__(131)($RegExpStringIterator, 'RegExp String', function next() {
+	  var match = this._r.exec(this._s);
+	  return { value: match, done: match === null };
+	});
+
+	$export($export.P, 'String', {
+	  matchAll: function matchAll(regexp) {
+	    defined(this);
+	    if (!isRegExp(regexp)) throw TypeError(regexp + ' is not a regexp!');
+	    var S = String(this);
+	    var flags = 'flags' in RegExpProto ? String(regexp.flags) : getFlags.call(regexp);
+	    var rx = new RegExp(regexp.source, ~flags.indexOf('g') ? flags : 'g' + flags);
+	    rx.lastIndex = toLength(regexp.lastIndex);
+	    return new $RegExpStringIterator(rx, S);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 270 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(29)('asyncIterator');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 271 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(29)('observable');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 272 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-getownpropertydescriptors
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var ownKeys = __webpack_require__(255);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var gOPD = __webpack_require__(52);
+	var createProperty = __webpack_require__(165);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Object', {
+	  getOwnPropertyDescriptors: function getOwnPropertyDescriptors(object) {
+	    var O = toIObject(object);
+	    var getDesc = gOPD.f;
+	    var keys = ownKeys(O);
+	    var result = {};
+	    var i = 0;
+	    var key, desc;
+	    while (keys.length > i) {
+	      desc = getDesc(O, key = keys[i++]);
+	      if (desc !== undefined) createProperty(result, key, desc);
+	    }
+	    return result;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 273 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-values-entries
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $values = __webpack_require__(274)(false);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Object', {
+	  values: function values(it) {
+	    return $values(it);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 274 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var DESCRIPTORS = __webpack_require__(6);
+	var getKeys = __webpack_require__(31);
+	var toIObject = __webpack_require__(33);
+	var isEnum = __webpack_require__(44).f;
+	module.exports = function (isEntries) {
+	  return function (it) {
+	    var O = toIObject(it);
+	    var keys = getKeys(O);
+	    var length = keys.length;
+	    var i = 0;
+	    var result = [];
+	    var key;
+	    while (length > i) {
+	      key = keys[i++];
+	      if (!DESCRIPTORS || isEnum.call(O, key)) {
+	        result.push(isEntries ? [key, O[key]] : O[key]);
+	      }
+	    }
+	    return result;
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 275 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-values-entries
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $entries = __webpack_require__(274)(true);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Object', {
+	  entries: function entries(it) {
+	    return $entries(it);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 276 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var $defineProperty = __webpack_require__(11);
+
+	// B.2.2.2 Object.prototype.__defineGetter__(P, getter)
+	__webpack_require__(6) && $export($export.P + __webpack_require__(277), 'Object', {
+	  __defineGetter__: function __defineGetter__(P, getter) {
+	    $defineProperty.f(toObject(this), P, { get: aFunction(getter), enumerable: true, configurable: true });
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 277 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// Forced replacement prototype accessors methods
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(22) || !__webpack_require__(7)(function () {
+	  var K = Math.random();
+	  // In FF throws only define methods
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef, no-useless-call
+	  __defineSetter__.call(null, K, function () { /* empty */ });
+	  delete __webpack_require__(4)[K];
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 278 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var $defineProperty = __webpack_require__(11);
+
+	// B.2.2.3 Object.prototype.__defineSetter__(P, setter)
+	__webpack_require__(6) && $export($export.P + __webpack_require__(277), 'Object', {
+	  __defineSetter__: function __defineSetter__(P, setter) {
+	    $defineProperty.f(toObject(this), P, { set: aFunction(setter), enumerable: true, configurable: true });
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 279 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var getOwnPropertyDescriptor = __webpack_require__(52).f;
+
+	// B.2.2.4 Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__(P)
+	__webpack_require__(6) && $export($export.P + __webpack_require__(277), 'Object', {
+	  __lookupGetter__: function __lookupGetter__(P) {
+	    var O = toObject(this);
+	    var K = toPrimitive(P, true);
+	    var D;
+	    do {
+	      if (D = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, K)) return D.get;
+	    } while (O = getPrototypeOf(O));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 280 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var toObject = __webpack_require__(46);
+	var toPrimitive = __webpack_require__(16);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var getOwnPropertyDescriptor = __webpack_require__(52).f;
+
+	// B.2.2.5 Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__(P)
+	__webpack_require__(6) && $export($export.P + __webpack_require__(277), 'Object', {
+	  __lookupSetter__: function __lookupSetter__(P) {
+	    var O = toObject(this);
+	    var K = toPrimitive(P, true);
+	    var D;
+	    do {
+	      if (D = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, K)) return D.set;
+	    } while (O = getPrototypeOf(O));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 281 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Map', { toJSON: __webpack_require__(282)('Map') });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 282 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON
+	var classof = __webpack_require__(75);
+	var from = __webpack_require__(283);
+	module.exports = function (NAME) {
+	  return function toJSON() {
+	    if (classof(this) != NAME) throw TypeError(NAME + "#toJSON isn't generic");
+	    return from(this);
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 283 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+
+	module.exports = function (iter, ITERATOR) {
+	  var result = [];
+	  forOf(iter, false, result.push, result, ITERATOR);
+	  return result;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 284 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Set', { toJSON: __webpack_require__(282)('Set') });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 285 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-map.of
+	__webpack_require__(286)('Map');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 286 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	module.exports = function (COLLECTION) {
+	  $export($export.S, COLLECTION, { of: function of() {
+	    var length = arguments.length;
+	    var A = new Array(length);
+	    while (length--) A[length] = arguments[length];
+	    return new this(A);
+	  } });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 287 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-set.of
+	__webpack_require__(286)('Set');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 288 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakmap.of
+	__webpack_require__(286)('WeakMap');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 289 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakset.of
+	__webpack_require__(286)('WeakSet');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 290 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-map.from
+	__webpack_require__(291)('Map');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 291 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var ctx = __webpack_require__(23);
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+
+	module.exports = function (COLLECTION) {
+	  $export($export.S, COLLECTION, { from: function from(source /* , mapFn, thisArg */) {
+	    var mapFn = arguments[1];
+	    var mapping, A, n, cb;
+	    aFunction(this);
+	    mapping = mapFn !== undefined;
+	    if (mapping) aFunction(mapFn);
+	    if (source == undefined) return new this();
+	    A = [];
+	    if (mapping) {
+	      n = 0;
+	      cb = ctx(mapFn, arguments[2], 2);
+	      forOf(source, false, function (nextItem) {
+	        A.push(cb(nextItem, n++));
+	      });
+	    } else {
+	      forOf(source, false, A.push, A);
+	    }
+	    return new this(A);
+	  } });
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 292 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-set.from
+	__webpack_require__(291)('Set');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 293 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakmap.from
+	__webpack_require__(291)('WeakMap');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 294 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakset.from
+	__webpack_require__(291)('WeakSet');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 295 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.G, { global: __webpack_require__(4) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 296 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'System', { global: __webpack_require__(4) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 297 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/ljharb/proposal-is-error
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var cof = __webpack_require__(35);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Error', {
+	  isError: function isError(it) {
+	    return cof(it) === 'Error';
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 298 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  clamp: function clamp(x, lower, upper) {
+	    return Math.min(upper, Math.max(lower, x));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 299 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { DEG_PER_RAD: Math.PI / 180 });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 300 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var RAD_PER_DEG = 180 / Math.PI;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  degrees: function degrees(radians) {
+	    return radians * RAD_PER_DEG;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 301 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var scale = __webpack_require__(302);
+	var fround = __webpack_require__(114);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  fscale: function fscale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh) {
+	    return fround(scale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh));
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 302 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	module.exports = Math.scale || function scale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh) {
+	  if (
+	    arguments.length === 0
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	      || x != x
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	      || inLow != inLow
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	      || inHigh != inHigh
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	      || outLow != outLow
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	      || outHigh != outHigh
+	  ) return NaN;
+	  if (x === Infinity || x === -Infinity) return x;
+	  return (x - inLow) * (outHigh - outLow) / (inHigh - inLow) + outLow;
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 303 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  iaddh: function iaddh(x0, x1, y0, y1) {
+	    var $x0 = x0 >>> 0;
+	    var $x1 = x1 >>> 0;
+	    var $y0 = y0 >>> 0;
+	    return $x1 + (y1 >>> 0) + (($x0 & $y0 | ($x0 | $y0) & ~($x0 + $y0 >>> 0)) >>> 31) | 0;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 304 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  isubh: function isubh(x0, x1, y0, y1) {
+	    var $x0 = x0 >>> 0;
+	    var $x1 = x1 >>> 0;
+	    var $y0 = y0 >>> 0;
+	    return $x1 - (y1 >>> 0) - ((~$x0 & $y0 | ~($x0 ^ $y0) & $x0 - $y0 >>> 0) >>> 31) | 0;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 305 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  imulh: function imulh(u, v) {
+	    var UINT16 = 0xffff;
+	    var $u = +u;
+	    var $v = +v;
+	    var u0 = $u & UINT16;
+	    var v0 = $v & UINT16;
+	    var u1 = $u >> 16;
+	    var v1 = $v >> 16;
+	    var t = (u1 * v0 >>> 0) + (u0 * v0 >>> 16);
+	    return u1 * v1 + (t >> 16) + ((u0 * v1 >>> 0) + (t & UINT16) >> 16);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 306 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { RAD_PER_DEG: 180 / Math.PI });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 307 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var DEG_PER_RAD = Math.PI / 180;
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  radians: function radians(degrees) {
+	    return degrees * DEG_PER_RAD;
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 308 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { scale: __webpack_require__(302) });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 309 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', {
+	  umulh: function umulh(u, v) {
+	    var UINT16 = 0xffff;
+	    var $u = +u;
+	    var $v = +v;
+	    var u0 = $u & UINT16;
+	    var v0 = $v & UINT16;
+	    var u1 = $u >>> 16;
+	    var v1 = $v >>> 16;
+	    var t = (u1 * v0 >>> 0) + (u0 * v0 >>> 16);
+	    return u1 * v1 + (t >>> 16) + ((u0 * v1 >>> 0) + (t & UINT16) >>> 16);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 310 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// http://jfbastien.github.io/papers/Math.signbit.html
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Math', { signbit: function signbit(x) {
+	  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+	  return (x = +x) != x ? x : x == 0 ? 1 / x == Infinity : x > 0;
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 311 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-finally
+	'use strict';
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var core = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var speciesConstructor = __webpack_require__(210);
+	var promiseResolve = __webpack_require__(219);
+
+	$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Promise', { 'finally': function (onFinally) {
+	  var C = speciesConstructor(this, core.Promise || global.Promise);
+	  var isFunction = typeof onFinally == 'function';
+	  return this.then(
+	    isFunction ? function (x) {
+	      return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { return x; });
+	    } : onFinally,
+	    isFunction ? function (e) {
+	      return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { throw e; });
+	    } : onFinally
+	  );
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 312 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-try
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var newPromiseCapability = __webpack_require__(216);
+	var perform = __webpack_require__(217);
+
+	$export($export.S, 'Promise', { 'try': function (callbackfn) {
+	  var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability.f(this);
+	  var result = perform(callbackfn);
+	  (result.e ? promiseCapability.reject : promiseCapability.resolve)(result.v);
+	  return promiseCapability.promise;
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 313 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+	var ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = metadata.set;
+
+	metadata.exp({ defineMetadata: function defineMetadata(metadataKey, metadataValue, target, targetKey) {
+	  ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata(metadataKey, metadataValue, anObject(target), toMetaKey(targetKey));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 314 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var Map = __webpack_require__(221);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var shared = __webpack_require__(21)('metadata');
+	var store = shared.store || (shared.store = new (__webpack_require__(226))());
+
+	var getOrCreateMetadataMap = function (target, targetKey, create) {
+	  var targetMetadata = store.get(target);
+	  if (!targetMetadata) {
+	    if (!create) return undefined;
+	    store.set(target, targetMetadata = new Map());
+	  }
+	  var keyMetadata = targetMetadata.get(targetKey);
+	  if (!keyMetadata) {
+	    if (!create) return undefined;
+	    targetMetadata.set(targetKey, keyMetadata = new Map());
+	  } return keyMetadata;
+	};
+	var ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {
+	  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, false);
+	  return metadataMap === undefined ? false : metadataMap.has(MetadataKey);
+	};
+	var ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {
+	  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, false);
+	  return metadataMap === undefined ? undefined : metadataMap.get(MetadataKey);
+	};
+	var ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, MetadataValue, O, P) {
+	  getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, true).set(MetadataKey, MetadataValue);
+	};
+	var ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = function (target, targetKey) {
+	  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(target, targetKey, false);
+	  var keys = [];
+	  if (metadataMap) metadataMap.forEach(function (_, key) { keys.push(key); });
+	  return keys;
+	};
+	var toMetaKey = function (it) {
+	  return it === undefined || typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : String(it);
+	};
+	var exp = function (O) {
+	  $export($export.S, 'Reflect', O);
+	};
+
+	module.exports = {
+	  store: store,
+	  map: getOrCreateMetadataMap,
+	  has: ordinaryHasOwnMetadata,
+	  get: ordinaryGetOwnMetadata,
+	  set: ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata,
+	  keys: ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys,
+	  key: toMetaKey,
+	  exp: exp
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 315 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+	var getOrCreateMetadataMap = metadata.map;
+	var store = metadata.store;
+
+	metadata.exp({ deleteMetadata: function deleteMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  var targetKey = arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]);
+	  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(anObject(target), targetKey, false);
+	  if (metadataMap === undefined || !metadataMap['delete'](metadataKey)) return false;
+	  if (metadataMap.size) return true;
+	  var targetMetadata = store.get(target);
+	  targetMetadata['delete'](targetKey);
+	  return !!targetMetadata.size || store['delete'](target);
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 316 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;
+	var ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = metadata.get;
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+
+	var ordinaryGetMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {
+	  var hasOwn = ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);
+	  if (hasOwn) return ordinaryGetOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);
+	  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);
+	  return parent !== null ? ordinaryGetMetadata(MetadataKey, parent, P) : undefined;
+	};
+
+	metadata.exp({ getMetadata: function getMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  return ordinaryGetMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target), arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 317 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var Set = __webpack_require__(225);
+	var from = __webpack_require__(283);
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = metadata.keys;
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+
+	var ordinaryMetadataKeys = function (O, P) {
+	  var oKeys = ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys(O, P);
+	  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);
+	  if (parent === null) return oKeys;
+	  var pKeys = ordinaryMetadataKeys(parent, P);
+	  return pKeys.length ? oKeys.length ? from(new Set(oKeys.concat(pKeys))) : pKeys : oKeys;
+	};
+
+	metadata.exp({ getMetadataKeys: function getMetadataKeys(target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  return ordinaryMetadataKeys(anObject(target), arguments.length < 2 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[1]));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 318 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = metadata.get;
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+
+	metadata.exp({ getOwnMetadata: function getOwnMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  return ordinaryGetOwnMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target)
+	    , arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 319 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = metadata.keys;
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+
+	metadata.exp({ getOwnMetadataKeys: function getOwnMetadataKeys(target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  return ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys(anObject(target), arguments.length < 2 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[1]));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 320 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var getPrototypeOf = __webpack_require__(59);
+	var ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+
+	var ordinaryHasMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {
+	  var hasOwn = ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);
+	  if (hasOwn) return true;
+	  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);
+	  return parent !== null ? ordinaryHasMetadata(MetadataKey, parent, P) : false;
+	};
+
+	metadata.exp({ hasMetadata: function hasMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  return ordinaryHasMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target), arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 321 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;
+	var toMetaKey = metadata.key;
+
+	metadata.exp({ hasOwnMetadata: function hasOwnMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {
+	  return ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target)
+	    , arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 322 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $metadata = __webpack_require__(314);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var toMetaKey = $metadata.key;
+	var ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = $metadata.set;
+
+	$metadata.exp({ metadata: function metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue) {
+	  return function decorator(target, targetKey) {
+	    ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata(
+	      metadataKey, metadataValue,
+	      (targetKey !== undefined ? anObject : aFunction)(target),
+	      toMetaKey(targetKey)
+	    );
+	  };
+	} });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 323 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/rwaldron/tc39-notes/blob/master/es6/2014-09/sept-25.md#510-globalasap-for-enqueuing-a-microtask
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var microtask = __webpack_require__(215)();
+	var process = __webpack_require__(4).process;
+	var isNode = __webpack_require__(35)(process) == 'process';
+
+	$export($export.G, {
+	  asap: function asap(fn) {
+	    var domain = isNode && process.domain;
+	    microtask(domain ? domain.bind(fn) : fn);
+	  }
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 324 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+	// https://github.com/zenparsing/es-observable
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var core = __webpack_require__(9);
+	var microtask = __webpack_require__(215)();
+	var OBSERVABLE = __webpack_require__(27)('observable');
+	var aFunction = __webpack_require__(24);
+	var anObject = __webpack_require__(12);
+	var anInstance = __webpack_require__(212);
+	var redefineAll = __webpack_require__(220);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var forOf = __webpack_require__(213);
+	var RETURN = forOf.RETURN;
+
+	var getMethod = function (fn) {
+	  return fn == null ? undefined : aFunction(fn);
+	};
+
+	var cleanupSubscription = function (subscription) {
+	  var cleanup = subscription._c;
+	  if (cleanup) {
+	    subscription._c = undefined;
+	    cleanup();
+	  }
+	};
+
+	var subscriptionClosed = function (subscription) {
+	  return subscription._o === undefined;
+	};
+
+	var closeSubscription = function (subscription) {
+	  if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {
+	    subscription._o = undefined;
+	    cleanupSubscription(subscription);
+	  }
+	};
+
+	var Subscription = function (observer, subscriber) {
+	  anObject(observer);
+	  this._c = undefined;
+	  this._o = observer;
+	  observer = new SubscriptionObserver(this);
+	  try {
+	    var cleanup = subscriber(observer);
+	    var subscription = cleanup;
+	    if (cleanup != null) {
+	      if (typeof cleanup.unsubscribe === 'function') cleanup = function () { subscription.unsubscribe(); };
+	      else aFunction(cleanup);
+	      this._c = cleanup;
+	    }
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    observer.error(e);
+	    return;
+	  } if (subscriptionClosed(this)) cleanupSubscription(this);
+	};
+
+	Subscription.prototype = redefineAll({}, {
+	  unsubscribe: function unsubscribe() { closeSubscription(this); }
+	});
+
+	var SubscriptionObserver = function (subscription) {
+	  this._s = subscription;
+	};
+
+	SubscriptionObserver.prototype = redefineAll({}, {
+	  next: function next(value) {
+	    var subscription = this._s;
+	    if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {
+	      var observer = subscription._o;
+	      try {
+	        var m = getMethod(observer.next);
+	        if (m) return m.call(observer, value);
+	      } catch (e) {
+	        try {
+	          closeSubscription(subscription);
+	        } finally {
+	          throw e;
+	        }
+	      }
+	    }
+	  },
+	  error: function error(value) {
+	    var subscription = this._s;
+	    if (subscriptionClosed(subscription)) throw value;
+	    var observer = subscription._o;
+	    subscription._o = undefined;
+	    try {
+	      var m = getMethod(observer.error);
+	      if (!m) throw value;
+	      value = m.call(observer, value);
+	    } catch (e) {
+	      try {
+	        cleanupSubscription(subscription);
+	      } finally {
+	        throw e;
+	      }
+	    } cleanupSubscription(subscription);
+	    return value;
+	  },
+	  complete: function complete(value) {
+	    var subscription = this._s;
+	    if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {
+	      var observer = subscription._o;
+	      subscription._o = undefined;
+	      try {
+	        var m = getMethod(observer.complete);
+	        value = m ? m.call(observer, value) : undefined;
+	      } catch (e) {
+	        try {
+	          cleanupSubscription(subscription);
+	        } finally {
+	          throw e;
+	        }
+	      } cleanupSubscription(subscription);
+	      return value;
+	    }
+	  }
+	});
+
+	var $Observable = function Observable(subscriber) {
+	  anInstance(this, $Observable, 'Observable', '_f')._f = aFunction(subscriber);
+	};
+
+	redefineAll($Observable.prototype, {
+	  subscribe: function subscribe(observer) {
+	    return new Subscription(observer, this._f);
+	  },
+	  forEach: function forEach(fn) {
+	    var that = this;
+	    return new (core.Promise || global.Promise)(function (resolve, reject) {
+	      aFunction(fn);
+	      var subscription = that.subscribe({
+	        next: function (value) {
+	          try {
+	            return fn(value);
+	          } catch (e) {
+	            reject(e);
+	            subscription.unsubscribe();
+	          }
+	        },
+	        error: reject,
+	        complete: resolve
+	      });
+	    });
+	  }
+	});
+
+	redefineAll($Observable, {
+	  from: function from(x) {
+	    var C = typeof this === 'function' ? this : $Observable;
+	    var method = getMethod(anObject(x)[OBSERVABLE]);
+	    if (method) {
+	      var observable = anObject(method.call(x));
+	      return observable.constructor === C ? observable : new C(function (observer) {
+	        return observable.subscribe(observer);
+	      });
+	    }
+	    return new C(function (observer) {
+	      var done = false;
+	      microtask(function () {
+	        if (!done) {
+	          try {
+	            if (forOf(x, false, function (it) {
+	              observer.next(it);
+	              if (done) return RETURN;
+	            }) === RETURN) return;
+	          } catch (e) {
+	            if (done) throw e;
+	            observer.error(e);
+	            return;
+	          } observer.complete();
+	        }
+	      });
+	      return function () { done = true; };
+	    });
+	  },
+	  of: function of() {
+	    for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length, items = new Array(l); i < l;) items[i] = arguments[i++];
+	    return new (typeof this === 'function' ? this : $Observable)(function (observer) {
+	      var done = false;
+	      microtask(function () {
+	        if (!done) {
+	          for (var j = 0; j < items.length; ++j) {
+	            observer.next(items[j]);
+	            if (done) return;
+	          } observer.complete();
+	        }
+	      });
+	      return function () { done = true; };
+	    });
+	  }
+	});
+
+	hide($Observable.prototype, OBSERVABLE, function () { return this; });
+
+	$export($export.G, { Observable: $Observable });
+
+	__webpack_require__(194)('Observable');
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 325 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// ie9- setTimeout & setInterval additional parameters fix
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var userAgent = __webpack_require__(218);
+	var slice = [].slice;
+	var MSIE = /MSIE .\./.test(userAgent); // <- dirty ie9- check
+	var wrap = function (set) {
+	  return function (fn, time /* , ...args */) {
+	    var boundArgs = arguments.length > 2;
+	    var args = boundArgs ? slice.call(arguments, 2) : false;
+	    return set(boundArgs ? function () {
+	      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+	      (typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn)).apply(this, args);
+	    } : fn, time);
+	  };
+	};
+	$export($export.G + $export.B + $export.F * MSIE, {
+	  setTimeout: wrap(global.setTimeout),
+	  setInterval: wrap(global.setInterval)
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 326 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $task = __webpack_require__(214);
+	$export($export.G + $export.B, {
+	  setImmediate: $task.set,
+	  clearImmediate: $task.clear
+	});
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 327 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var $iterators = __webpack_require__(195);
+	var getKeys = __webpack_require__(31);
+	var redefine = __webpack_require__(18);
+	var global = __webpack_require__(4);
+	var hide = __webpack_require__(10);
+	var Iterators = __webpack_require__(130);
+	var wks = __webpack_require__(27);
+	var ITERATOR = wks('iterator');
+	var TO_STRING_TAG = wks('toStringTag');
+	var ArrayValues = Iterators.Array;
+
+	var DOMIterables = {
+	  CSSRuleList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.
+	  CSSStyleDeclaration: false,
+	  CSSValueList: false,
+	  ClientRectList: false,
+	  DOMRectList: false,
+	  DOMStringList: false,
+	  DOMTokenList: true,
+	  DataTransferItemList: false,
+	  FileList: false,
+	  HTMLAllCollection: false,
+	  HTMLCollection: false,
+	  HTMLFormElement: false,
+	  HTMLSelectElement: false,
+	  MediaList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.
+	  MimeTypeArray: false,
+	  NamedNodeMap: false,
+	  NodeList: true,
+	  PaintRequestList: false,
+	  Plugin: false,
+	  PluginArray: false,
+	  SVGLengthList: false,
+	  SVGNumberList: false,
+	  SVGPathSegList: false,
+	  SVGPointList: false,
+	  SVGStringList: false,
+	  SVGTransformList: false,
+	  SourceBufferList: false,
+	  StyleSheetList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.
+	  TextTrackCueList: false,
+	  TextTrackList: false,
+	  TouchList: false
+	};
+
+	for (var collections = getKeys(DOMIterables), i = 0; i < collections.length; i++) {
+	  var NAME = collections[i];
+	  var explicit = DOMIterables[NAME];
+	  var Collection = global[NAME];
+	  var proto = Collection && Collection.prototype;
+	  var key;
+	  if (proto) {
+	    if (!proto[ITERATOR]) hide(proto, ITERATOR, ArrayValues);
+	    if (!proto[TO_STRING_TAG]) hide(proto, TO_STRING_TAG, NAME);
+	    Iterators[NAME] = ArrayValues;
+	    if (explicit) for (key in $iterators) if (!proto[key]) redefine(proto, key, $iterators[key], true);
+	  }
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 328 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(global) {/**
+	 * Copyright (c) 2014, Facebook, Inc.
+	 * All rights reserved.
+	 *
+	 * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+	 * https://raw.github.com/facebook/regenerator/master/LICENSE file. An
+	 * additional grant of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in
+	 * the same directory.
+	 */
+
+	!(function(global) {
+	  "use strict";
+
+	  var Op = Object.prototype;
+	  var hasOwn = Op.hasOwnProperty;
+	  var undefined; // More compressible than void 0.
+	  var $Symbol = typeof Symbol === "function" ? Symbol : {};
+	  var iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || "@@iterator";
+	  var asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || "@@asyncIterator";
+	  var toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || "@@toStringTag";
+
+	  var inModule = typeof module === "object";
+	  var runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime;
+	  if (runtime) {
+	    if (inModule) {
+	      // If regeneratorRuntime is defined globally and we're in a module,
+	      // make the exports object identical to regeneratorRuntime.
+	      module.exports = runtime;
+	    }
+	    // Don't bother evaluating the rest of this file if the runtime was
+	    // already defined globally.
+	    return;
+	  }
+
+	  // Define the runtime globally (as expected by generated code) as either
+	  // module.exports (if we're in a module) or a new, empty object.
+	  runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime = inModule ? module.exports : {};
+
+	  function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {
+	    // If outerFn provided and outerFn.prototype is a Generator, then outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator.
+	    var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator;
+	    var generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype);
+	    var context = new Context(tryLocsList || []);
+
+	    // The ._invoke method unifies the implementations of the .next,
+	    // .throw, and .return methods.
+	    generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);
+
+	    return generator;
+	  }
+	  runtime.wrap = wrap;
+
+	  // Try/catch helper to minimize deoptimizations. Returns a completion
+	  // record like context.tryEntries[i].completion. This interface could
+	  // have been (and was previously) designed to take a closure to be
+	  // invoked without arguments, but in all the cases we care about we
+	  // already have an existing method we want to call, so there's no need
+	  // to create a new function object. We can even get away with assuming
+	  // the method takes exactly one argument, since that happens to be true
+	  // in every case, so we don't have to touch the arguments object. The
+	  // only additional allocation required is the completion record, which
+	  // has a stable shape and so hopefully should be cheap to allocate.
+	  function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {
+	    try {
+	      return { type: "normal", arg: fn.call(obj, arg) };
+	    } catch (err) {
+	      return { type: "throw", arg: err };
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var GenStateSuspendedStart = "suspendedStart";
+	  var GenStateSuspendedYield = "suspendedYield";
+	  var GenStateExecuting = "executing";
+	  var GenStateCompleted = "completed";
+
+	  // Returning this object from the innerFn has the same effect as
+	  // breaking out of the dispatch switch statement.
+	  var ContinueSentinel = {};
+
+	  // Dummy constructor functions that we use as the .constructor and
+	  // .constructor.prototype properties for functions that return Generator
+	  // objects. For full spec compliance, you may wish to configure your
+	  // minifier not to mangle the names of these two functions.
+	  function Generator() {}
+	  function GeneratorFunction() {}
+	  function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}
+
+	  // This is a polyfill for %IteratorPrototype% for environments that
+	  // don't natively support it.
+	  var IteratorPrototype = {};
+	  IteratorPrototype[iteratorSymbol] = function () {
+	    return this;
+	  };
+
+	  var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;
+	  var NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));
+	  if (NativeIteratorPrototype &&
+	      NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op &&
+	      hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol)) {
+	    // This environment has a native %IteratorPrototype%; use it instead
+	    // of the polyfill.
+	    IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype;
+	  }
+
+	  var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype =
+	    Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);
+	  GeneratorFunction.prototype = Gp.constructor = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
+	  GeneratorFunctionPrototype.constructor = GeneratorFunction;
+	  GeneratorFunctionPrototype[toStringTagSymbol] =
+	    GeneratorFunction.displayName = "GeneratorFunction";
+
+	  // Helper for defining the .next, .throw, and .return methods of the
+	  // Iterator interface in terms of a single ._invoke method.
+	  function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {
+	    ["next", "throw", "return"].forEach(function(method) {
+	      prototype[method] = function(arg) {
+	        return this._invoke(method, arg);
+	      };
+	    });
+	  }
+
+	  runtime.isGeneratorFunction = function(genFun) {
+	    var ctor = typeof genFun === "function" && genFun.constructor;
+	    return ctor
+	      ? ctor === GeneratorFunction ||
+	        // For the native GeneratorFunction constructor, the best we can
+	        // do is to check its .name property.
+	        (ctor.displayName || ctor.name) === "GeneratorFunction"
+	      : false;
+	  };
+
+	  runtime.mark = function(genFun) {
+	    if (Object.setPrototypeOf) {
+	      Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype);
+	    } else {
+	      genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
+	      if (!(toStringTagSymbol in genFun)) {
+	        genFun[toStringTagSymbol] = "GeneratorFunction";
+	      }
+	    }
+	    genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp);
+	    return genFun;
+	  };
+
+	  // Within the body of any async function, `await x` is transformed to
+	  // `yield regeneratorRuntime.awrap(x)`, so that the runtime can test
+	  // `hasOwn.call(value, "__await")` to determine if the yielded value is
+	  // meant to be awaited.
+	  runtime.awrap = function(arg) {
+	    return { __await: arg };
+	  };
+
+	  function AsyncIterator(generator) {
+	    function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {
+	      var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);
+	      if (record.type === "throw") {
+	        reject(record.arg);
+	      } else {
+	        var result = record.arg;
+	        var value = result.value;
+	        if (value &&
+	            typeof value === "object" &&
+	            hasOwn.call(value, "__await")) {
+	          return Promise.resolve(value.__await).then(function(value) {
+	            invoke("next", value, resolve, reject);
+	          }, function(err) {
+	            invoke("throw", err, resolve, reject);
+	          });
+	        }
+
+	        return Promise.resolve(value).then(function(unwrapped) {
+	          // When a yielded Promise is resolved, its final value becomes
+	          // the .value of the Promise<{value,done}> result for the
+	          // current iteration. If the Promise is rejected, however, the
+	          // result for this iteration will be rejected with the same
+	          // reason. Note that rejections of yielded Promises are not
+	          // thrown back into the generator function, as is the case
+	          // when an awaited Promise is rejected. This difference in
+	          // behavior between yield and await is important, because it
+	          // allows the consumer to decide what to do with the yielded
+	          // rejection (swallow it and continue, manually .throw it back
+	          // into the generator, abandon iteration, whatever). With
+	          // await, by contrast, there is no opportunity to examine the
+	          // rejection reason outside the generator function, so the
+	          // only option is to throw it from the await expression, and
+	          // let the generator function handle the exception.
+	          result.value = unwrapped;
+	          resolve(result);
+	        }, reject);
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    if (typeof global.process === "object" && global.process.domain) {
+	      invoke = global.process.domain.bind(invoke);
+	    }
+
+	    var previousPromise;
+
+	    function enqueue(method, arg) {
+	      function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {
+	        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+	          invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);
+	        });
+	      }
+
+	      return previousPromise =
+	        // If enqueue has been called before, then we want to wait until
+	        // all previous Promises have been resolved before calling invoke,
+	        // so that results are always delivered in the correct order. If
+	        // enqueue has not been called before, then it is important to
+	        // call invoke immediately, without waiting on a callback to fire,
+	        // so that the async generator function has the opportunity to do
+	        // any necessary setup in a predictable way. This predictability
+	        // is why the Promise constructor synchronously invokes its
+	        // executor callback, and why async functions synchronously
+	        // execute code before the first await. Since we implement simple
+	        // async functions in terms of async generators, it is especially
+	        // important to get this right, even though it requires care.
+	        previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(
+	          callInvokeWithMethodAndArg,
+	          // Avoid propagating failures to Promises returned by later
+	          // invocations of the iterator.
+	          callInvokeWithMethodAndArg
+	        ) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();
+	    }
+
+	    // Define the unified helper method that is used to implement .next,
+	    // .throw, and .return (see defineIteratorMethods).
+	    this._invoke = enqueue;
+	  }
+
+	  defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype);
+	  AsyncIterator.prototype[asyncIteratorSymbol] = function () {
+	    return this;
+	  };
+	  runtime.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator;
+
+	  // Note that simple async functions are implemented on top of
+	  // AsyncIterator objects; they just return a Promise for the value of
+	  // the final result produced by the iterator.
+	  runtime.async = function(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {
+	    var iter = new AsyncIterator(
+	      wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList)
+	    );
+
+	    return runtime.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn)
+	      ? iter // If outerFn is a generator, return the full iterator.
+	      : iter.next().then(function(result) {
+	          return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();
+	        });
+	  };
+
+	  function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {
+	    var state = GenStateSuspendedStart;
+
+	    return function invoke(method, arg) {
+	      if (state === GenStateExecuting) {
+	        throw new Error("Generator is already running");
+	      }
+
+	      if (state === GenStateCompleted) {
+	        if (method === "throw") {
+	          throw arg;
+	        }
+
+	        // Be forgiving, per 25.3.3.3.3 of the spec:
+	        // https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-generatorresume
+	        return doneResult();
+	      }
+
+	      context.method = method;
+	      context.arg = arg;
+
+	      while (true) {
+	        var delegate = context.delegate;
+	        if (delegate) {
+	          var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);
+	          if (delegateResult) {
+	            if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;
+	            return delegateResult;
+	          }
+	        }
+
+	        if (context.method === "next") {
+	          // Setting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's
+	          // function.sent implementation.
+	          context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;
+
+	        } else if (context.method === "throw") {
+	          if (state === GenStateSuspendedStart) {
+	            state = GenStateCompleted;
+	            throw context.arg;
+	          }
+
+	          context.dispatchException(context.arg);
+
+	        } else if (context.method === "return") {
+	          context.abrupt("return", context.arg);
+	        }
+
+	        state = GenStateExecuting;
+
+	        var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);
+	        if (record.type === "normal") {
+	          // If an exception is thrown from innerFn, we leave state ===
+	          // GenStateExecuting and loop back for another invocation.
+	          state = context.done
+	            ? GenStateCompleted
+	            : GenStateSuspendedYield;
+
+	          if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {
+	            continue;
+	          }
+
+	          return {
+	            value: record.arg,
+	            done: context.done
+	          };
+
+	        } else if (record.type === "throw") {
+	          state = GenStateCompleted;
+	          // Dispatch the exception by looping back around to the
+	          // context.dispatchException(context.arg) call above.
+	          context.method = "throw";
+	          context.arg = record.arg;
+	        }
+	      }
+	    };
+	  }
+
+	  // Call delegate.iterator[context.method](context.arg) and handle the
+	  // result, either by returning a { value, done } result from the
+	  // delegate iterator, or by modifying context.method and context.arg,
+	  // setting context.delegate to null, and returning the ContinueSentinel.
+	  function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {
+	    var method = delegate.iterator[context.method];
+	    if (method === undefined) {
+	      // A .throw or .return when the delegate iterator has no .throw
+	      // method always terminates the yield* loop.
+	      context.delegate = null;
+
+	      if (context.method === "throw") {
+	        if (delegate.iterator.return) {
+	          // If the delegate iterator has a return method, give it a
+	          // chance to clean up.
+	          context.method = "return";
+	          context.arg = undefined;
+	          maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);
+
+	          if (context.method === "throw") {
+	            // If maybeInvokeDelegate(context) changed context.method from
+	            // "return" to "throw", let that override the TypeError below.
+	            return ContinueSentinel;
+	          }
+	        }
+
+	        context.method = "throw";
+	        context.arg = new TypeError(
+	          "The iterator does not provide a 'throw' method");
+	      }
+
+	      return ContinueSentinel;
+	    }
+
+	    var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);
+
+	    if (record.type === "throw") {
+	      context.method = "throw";
+	      context.arg = record.arg;
+	      context.delegate = null;
+	      return ContinueSentinel;
+	    }
+
+	    var info = record.arg;
+
+	    if (! info) {
+	      context.method = "throw";
+	      context.arg = new TypeError("iterator result is not an object");
+	      context.delegate = null;
+	      return ContinueSentinel;
+	    }
+
+	    if (info.done) {
+	      // Assign the result of the finished delegate to the temporary
+	      // variable specified by delegate.resultName (see delegateYield).
+	      context[delegate.resultName] = info.value;
+
+	      // Resume execution at the desired location (see delegateYield).
+	      context.next = delegate.nextLoc;
+
+	      // If context.method was "throw" but the delegate handled the
+	      // exception, let the outer generator proceed normally. If
+	      // context.method was "next", forget context.arg since it has been
+	      // "consumed" by the delegate iterator. If context.method was
+	      // "return", allow the original .return call to continue in the
+	      // outer generator.
+	      if (context.method !== "return") {
+	        context.method = "next";
+	        context.arg = undefined;
+	      }
+
+	    } else {
+	      // Re-yield the result returned by the delegate method.
+	      return info;
+	    }
+
+	    // The delegate iterator is finished, so forget it and continue with
+	    // the outer generator.
+	    context.delegate = null;
+	    return ContinueSentinel;
+	  }
+
+	  // Define Generator.prototype.{next,throw,return} in terms of the
+	  // unified ._invoke helper method.
+	  defineIteratorMethods(Gp);
+
+	  Gp[toStringTagSymbol] = "Generator";
+
+	  // A Generator should always return itself as the iterator object when the
+	  // @@iterator function is called on it. Some browsers' implementations of the
+	  // iterator prototype chain incorrectly implement this, causing the Generator
+	  // object to not be returned from this call. This ensures that doesn't happen.
+	  // See https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/issues/274 for more details.
+	  Gp[iteratorSymbol] = function() {
+	    return this;
+	  };
+
+	  Gp.toString = function() {
+	    return "[object Generator]";
+	  };
+
+	  function pushTryEntry(locs) {
+	    var entry = { tryLoc: locs[0] };
+
+	    if (1 in locs) {
+	      entry.catchLoc = locs[1];
+	    }
+
+	    if (2 in locs) {
+	      entry.finallyLoc = locs[2];
+	      entry.afterLoc = locs[3];
+	    }
+
+	    this.tryEntries.push(entry);
+	  }
+
+	  function resetTryEntry(entry) {
+	    var record = entry.completion || {};
+	    record.type = "normal";
+	    delete record.arg;
+	    entry.completion = record;
+	  }
+
+	  function Context(tryLocsList) {
+	    // The root entry object (effectively a try statement without a catch
+	    // or a finally block) gives us a place to store values thrown from
+	    // locations where there is no enclosing try statement.
+	    this.tryEntries = [{ tryLoc: "root" }];
+	    tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this);
+	    this.reset(true);
+	  }
+
+	  runtime.keys = function(object) {
+	    var keys = [];
+	    for (var key in object) {
+	      keys.push(key);
+	    }
+	    keys.reverse();
+
+	    // Rather than returning an object with a next method, we keep
+	    // things simple and return the next function itself.
+	    return function next() {
+	      while (keys.length) {
+	        var key = keys.pop();
+	        if (key in object) {
+	          next.value = key;
+	          next.done = false;
+	          return next;
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      // To avoid creating an additional object, we just hang the .value
+	      // and .done properties off the next function object itself. This
+	      // also ensures that the minifier will not anonymize the function.
+	      next.done = true;
+	      return next;
+	    };
+	  };
+
+	  function values(iterable) {
+	    if (iterable) {
+	      var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];
+	      if (iteratorMethod) {
+	        return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);
+	      }
+
+	      if (typeof iterable.next === "function") {
+	        return iterable;
+	      }
+
+	      if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {
+	        var i = -1, next = function next() {
+	          while (++i < iterable.length) {
+	            if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) {
+	              next.value = iterable[i];
+	              next.done = false;
+	              return next;
+	            }
+	          }
+
+	          next.value = undefined;
+	          next.done = true;
+
+	          return next;
+	        };
+
+	        return next.next = next;
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    // Return an iterator with no values.
+	    return { next: doneResult };
+	  }
+	  runtime.values = values;
+
+	  function doneResult() {
+	    return { value: undefined, done: true };
+	  }
+
+	  Context.prototype = {
+	    constructor: Context,
+
+	    reset: function(skipTempReset) {
+	      this.prev = 0;
+	      this.next = 0;
+	      // Resetting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's
+	      // function.sent implementation.
+	      this.sent = this._sent = undefined;
+	      this.done = false;
+	      this.delegate = null;
+
+	      this.method = "next";
+	      this.arg = undefined;
+
+	      this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry);
+
+	      if (!skipTempReset) {
+	        for (var name in this) {
+	          // Not sure about the optimal order of these conditions:
+	          if (name.charAt(0) === "t" &&
+	              hasOwn.call(this, name) &&
+	              !isNaN(+name.slice(1))) {
+	            this[name] = undefined;
+	          }
+	        }
+	      }
+	    },
+
+	    stop: function() {
+	      this.done = true;
+
+	      var rootEntry = this.tryEntries[0];
+	      var rootRecord = rootEntry.completion;
+	      if (rootRecord.type === "throw") {
+	        throw rootRecord.arg;
+	      }
+
+	      return this.rval;
+	    },
+
+	    dispatchException: function(exception) {
+	      if (this.done) {
+	        throw exception;
+	      }
+
+	      var context = this;
+	      function handle(loc, caught) {
+	        record.type = "throw";
+	        record.arg = exception;
+	        context.next = loc;
+
+	        if (caught) {
+	          // If the dispatched exception was caught by a catch block,
+	          // then let that catch block handle the exception normally.
+	          context.method = "next";
+	          context.arg = undefined;
+	        }
+
+	        return !! caught;
+	      }
+
+	      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+	        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
+	        var record = entry.completion;
+
+	        if (entry.tryLoc === "root") {
+	          // Exception thrown outside of any try block that could handle
+	          // it, so set the completion value of the entire function to
+	          // throw the exception.
+	          return handle("end");
+	        }
+
+	        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {
+	          var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, "catchLoc");
+	          var hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, "finallyLoc");
+
+	          if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {
+	            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {
+	              return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);
+	            } else if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
+	              return handle(entry.finallyLoc);
+	            }
+
+	          } else if (hasCatch) {
+	            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {
+	              return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);
+	            }
+
+	          } else if (hasFinally) {
+	            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
+	              return handle(entry.finallyLoc);
+	            }
+
+	          } else {
+	            throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");
+	          }
+	        }
+	      }
+	    },
+
+	    abrupt: function(type, arg) {
+	      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+	        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
+	        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev &&
+	            hasOwn.call(entry, "finallyLoc") &&
+	            this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
+	          var finallyEntry = entry;
+	          break;
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      if (finallyEntry &&
+	          (type === "break" ||
+	           type === "continue") &&
+	          finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg &&
+	          arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc) {
+	        // Ignore the finally entry if control is not jumping to a
+	        // location outside the try/catch block.
+	        finallyEntry = null;
+	      }
+
+	      var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};
+	      record.type = type;
+	      record.arg = arg;
+
+	      if (finallyEntry) {
+	        this.method = "next";
+	        this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc;
+	        return ContinueSentinel;
+	      }
+
+	      return this.complete(record);
+	    },
+
+	    complete: function(record, afterLoc) {
+	      if (record.type === "throw") {
+	        throw record.arg;
+	      }
+
+	      if (record.type === "break" ||
+	          record.type === "continue") {
+	        this.next = record.arg;
+	      } else if (record.type === "return") {
+	        this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;
+	        this.method = "return";
+	        this.next = "end";
+	      } else if (record.type === "normal" && afterLoc) {
+	        this.next = afterLoc;
+	      }
+
+	      return ContinueSentinel;
+	    },
+
+	    finish: function(finallyLoc) {
+	      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+	        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
+	        if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) {
+	          this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc);
+	          resetTryEntry(entry);
+	          return ContinueSentinel;
+	        }
+	      }
+	    },
+
+	    "catch": function(tryLoc) {
+	      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+	        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
+	        if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {
+	          var record = entry.completion;
+	          if (record.type === "throw") {
+	            var thrown = record.arg;
+	            resetTryEntry(entry);
+	          }
+	          return thrown;
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      // The context.catch method must only be called with a location
+	      // argument that corresponds to a known catch block.
+	      throw new Error("illegal catch attempt");
+	    },
+
+	    delegateYield: function(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {
+	      this.delegate = {
+	        iterator: values(iterable),
+	        resultName: resultName,
+	        nextLoc: nextLoc
+	      };
+
+	      if (this.method === "next") {
+	        // Deliberately forget the last sent value so that we don't
+	        // accidentally pass it on to the delegate.
+	        this.arg = undefined;
+	      }
+
+	      return ContinueSentinel;
+	    }
+	  };
+	})(
+	  // Among the various tricks for obtaining a reference to the global
+	  // object, this seems to be the most reliable technique that does not
+	  // use indirect eval (which violates Content Security Policy).
+	  typeof global === "object" ? global :
+	  typeof window === "object" ? window :
+	  typeof self === "object" ? self : this
+	);
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, (function() { return this; }())))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 329 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	__webpack_require__(330);
+	module.exports = __webpack_require__(9).RegExp.escape;
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 330 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	// https://github.com/benjamingr/RexExp.escape
+	var $export = __webpack_require__(8);
+	var $re = __webpack_require__(331)(/[\\^$*+?.()|[\]{}]/g, '\\$&');
+
+	$export($export.S, 'RegExp', { escape: function escape(it) { return $re(it); } });
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 331 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function (regExp, replace) {
+	  var replacer = replace === Object(replace) ? function (part) {
+	    return replace[part];
+	  } : replace;
+	  return function (it) {
+	    return String(it).replace(regExp, replacer);
+	  };
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 332 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	var BSON = __webpack_require__(333),
+	    Binary = __webpack_require__(356),
+	    Code = __webpack_require__(351),
+	    DBRef = __webpack_require__(355),
+	    Decimal128 = __webpack_require__(352),
+	    Double = __webpack_require__(336),
+	    Int32 = __webpack_require__(350),
+	    Long = __webpack_require__(335),
+	    Map = __webpack_require__(334),
+	    MaxKey = __webpack_require__(354),
+	    MinKey = __webpack_require__(353),
+	    ObjectId = __webpack_require__(338),
+	    BSONRegExp = __webpack_require__(348),
+	    Symbol = __webpack_require__(349),
+	    Timestamp = __webpack_require__(337);
+
+	// BSON MAX VALUES
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+	// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+	BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	// Add BSON types to function creation
+	BSON.Binary = Binary;
+	BSON.Code = Code;
+	BSON.DBRef = DBRef;
+	BSON.Decimal128 = Decimal128;
+	BSON.Double = Double;
+	BSON.Int32 = Int32;
+	BSON.Long = Long;
+	BSON.Map = Map;
+	BSON.MaxKey = MaxKey;
+	BSON.MinKey = MinKey;
+	BSON.ObjectId = ObjectId;
+	BSON.ObjectID = ObjectId;
+	BSON.BSONRegExp = BSONRegExp;
+	BSON.Symbol = Symbol;
+	BSON.Timestamp = Timestamp;
+
+	// Return the BSON
+	module.exports = BSON;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 333 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var Map = __webpack_require__(334),
+	    Long = __webpack_require__(335),
+	    Double = __webpack_require__(336),
+	    Timestamp = __webpack_require__(337),
+	    ObjectID = __webpack_require__(338),
+	    BSONRegExp = __webpack_require__(348),
+	    Symbol = __webpack_require__(349),
+	    Int32 = __webpack_require__(350),
+	    Code = __webpack_require__(351),
+	    Decimal128 = __webpack_require__(352),
+	    MinKey = __webpack_require__(353),
+	    MaxKey = __webpack_require__(354),
+	    DBRef = __webpack_require__(355),
+	    Binary = __webpack_require__(356);
+
+	// Parts of the parser
+	var deserialize = __webpack_require__(357),
+	    serializer = __webpack_require__(358),
+	    calculateObjectSize = __webpack_require__(360),
+	    utils = __webpack_require__(344);
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	// Default Max Size
+	var MAXSIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 17;
+
+	// Current Internal Temporary Serialization Buffer
+	var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(MAXSIZE);
+
+	var BSON = function () {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Serialize a Javascript object.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to serialize.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys] the serializer will check if keys are valid.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the javascript functions **(default:false)**.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields **(default:true)**.
+	 * @param {Number} [options.minInternalBufferSize=1024*1024*17] minimum size of the internal temporary serialization buffer **(default:1024*1024*17)**.
+	 * @return {Buffer} returns the Buffer object containing the serialized object.
+	 * @api public
+	 */
+	BSON.prototype.serialize = function serialize(object, options) {
+	  options = options || {};
+	  // Unpack the options
+	  var checkKeys = typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : false;
+	  var serializeFunctions = typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+	  var ignoreUndefined = typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : true;
+	  var minInternalBufferSize = typeof options.minInternalBufferSize === 'number' ? options.minInternalBufferSize : MAXSIZE;
+
+	  // Resize the internal serialization buffer if needed
+	  if (buffer.length < minInternalBufferSize) {
+	    buffer = utils.allocBuffer(minInternalBufferSize);
+	  }
+
+	  // Attempt to serialize
+	  var serializationIndex = serializer(buffer, object, checkKeys, 0, 0, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, []);
+	  // Create the final buffer
+	  var finishedBuffer = utils.allocBuffer(serializationIndex);
+	  // Copy into the finished buffer
+	  buffer.copy(finishedBuffer, 0, 0, finishedBuffer.length);
+	  // Return the buffer
+	  return finishedBuffer;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Serialize a Javascript object using a predefined Buffer and index into the buffer, useful when pre-allocating the space for serialization.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to serialize.
+	 * @param {Buffer} buffer the Buffer you pre-allocated to store the serialized BSON object.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys] the serializer will check if keys are valid.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the javascript functions **(default:false)**.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields **(default:true)**.
+	 * @param {Number} [options.index] the index in the buffer where we wish to start serializing into.
+	 * @return {Number} returns the index pointing to the last written byte in the buffer.
+	 * @api public
+	 */
+	BSON.prototype.serializeWithBufferAndIndex = function (object, finalBuffer, options) {
+	  options = options || {};
+	  // Unpack the options
+	  var checkKeys = typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : false;
+	  var serializeFunctions = typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+	  var ignoreUndefined = typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : true;
+	  var startIndex = typeof options.index === 'number' ? options.index : 0;
+
+	  // Attempt to serialize
+	  var serializationIndex = serializer(finalBuffer, object, checkKeys, startIndex || 0, 0, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+
+	  // Return the index
+	  return serializationIndex - 1;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Deserialize data as BSON.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Buffer} buffer the buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.evalFunctions=false] evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctions=false] cache evaluated functions for reuse.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctionsCrc32=false] use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.promoteLongs=true] when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits
+	 * @param {Object} [options.promoteBuffers=false] when deserializing a Binary will return it as a node.js Buffer instance.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.promoteValues=false] when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.fieldsAsRaw=null] allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.bsonRegExp=false] return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances.
+	 * @return {Object} returns the deserialized Javascript Object.
+	 * @api public
+	 */
+	BSON.prototype.deserialize = function (buffer, options) {
+	  return deserialize(buffer, options);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Calculate the bson size for a passed in Javascript object.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to calculate the BSON byte size for.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the javascript functions **(default:false)**.
+	 * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields **(default:true)**.
+	 * @return {Number} returns the number of bytes the BSON object will take up.
+	 * @api public
+	 */
+	BSON.prototype.calculateObjectSize = function (object, options) {
+	  options = options || {};
+
+	  var serializeFunctions = typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+	  var ignoreUndefined = typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : true;
+
+	  return calculateObjectSize(object, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Deserialize stream data as BSON documents.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Buffer} data the buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+	 * @param {Number} startIndex the start index in the data Buffer where the deserialization is to start.
+	 * @param {Number} numberOfDocuments number of documents to deserialize.
+	 * @param {Array} documents an array where to store the deserialized documents.
+	 * @param {Number} docStartIndex the index in the documents array from where to start inserting documents.
+	 * @param {Object} [options] additional options used for the deserialization.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.evalFunctions=false] evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctions=false] cache evaluated functions for reuse.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctionsCrc32=false] use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.promoteLongs=true] when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits
+	 * @param {Object} [options.promoteBuffers=false] when deserializing a Binary will return it as a node.js Buffer instance.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.promoteValues=false] when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.fieldsAsRaw=null] allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer.
+	 * @param {Object} [options.bsonRegExp=false] return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances.
+	 * @return {Number} returns the next index in the buffer after deserialization **x** numbers of documents.
+	 * @api public
+	 */
+	BSON.prototype.deserializeStream = function (data, startIndex, numberOfDocuments, documents, docStartIndex, options) {
+	  options = options != null ? options : {};
+	  var index = startIndex;
+	  // Loop over all documents
+	  for (var i = 0; i < numberOfDocuments; i++) {
+	    // Find size of the document
+	    var size = data[index] | data[index + 1] << 8 | data[index + 2] << 16 | data[index + 3] << 24;
+	    // Update options with index
+	    options['index'] = index;
+	    // Parse the document at this point
+	    documents[docStartIndex + i] = this.deserialize(data, options);
+	    // Adjust index by the document size
+	    index = index + size;
+	  }
+
+	  // Return object containing end index of parsing and list of documents
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	// BSON MAX VALUES
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+	// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+	BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	// Internal long versions
+	// var JS_INT_MAX_LONG = Long.fromNumber(0x20000000000000); // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	// var JS_INT_MIN_LONG = Long.fromNumber(-0x20000000000000); // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	/**
+	 * Number BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NUMBER
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER = 1;
+	/**
+	 * String BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_STRING
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING = 2;
+	/**
+	 * Object BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OBJECT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT = 3;
+	/**
+	 * Array BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_ARRAY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY = 4;
+	/**
+	 * Binary BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BINARY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY = 5;
+	/**
+	 * ObjectID BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OID
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_OID = 7;
+	/**
+	 * Boolean BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN = 8;
+	/**
+	 * Date BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DATE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE = 9;
+	/**
+	 * null BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NULL
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL = 10;
+	/**
+	 * RegExp BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_REGEXP
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP = 11;
+	/**
+	 * Code BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE = 13;
+	/**
+	 * Symbol BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_SYMBOL
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL = 14;
+	/**
+	 * Code with Scope BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE = 15;
+	/**
+	 * 32 bit Integer BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_INT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_INT = 16;
+	/**
+	 * Timestamp BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP = 17;
+	/**
+	 * Long BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_LONG
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG = 18;
+	/**
+	 * MinKey BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY = 0xff;
+	/**
+	 * MaxKey BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY = 0x7f;
+
+	/**
+	 * Binary Default Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Function Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Byte Array Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+	/**
+	 * Binary UUID Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID = 3;
+	/**
+	 * Binary MD5 Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5 = 4;
+	/**
+	 * Binary User Defined Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+	// Return BSON
+	module.exports = BSON;
+	module.exports.Code = Code;
+	module.exports.Map = Map;
+	module.exports.Symbol = Symbol;
+	module.exports.BSON = BSON;
+	module.exports.DBRef = DBRef;
+	module.exports.Binary = Binary;
+	module.exports.ObjectID = ObjectID;
+	module.exports.Long = Long;
+	module.exports.Timestamp = Timestamp;
+	module.exports.Double = Double;
+	module.exports.Int32 = Int32;
+	module.exports.MinKey = MinKey;
+	module.exports.MaxKey = MaxKey;
+	module.exports.BSONRegExp = BSONRegExp;
+	module.exports.Decimal128 = Decimal128;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 334 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(global) {'use strict';
+
+	// We have an ES6 Map available, return the native instance
+
+	if (typeof global.Map !== 'undefined') {
+	  module.exports = global.Map;
+	  module.exports.Map = global.Map;
+	} else {
+	  // We will return a polyfill
+	  var Map = function (array) {
+	    this._keys = [];
+	    this._values = {};
+
+	    for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+	      if (array[i] == null) continue; // skip null and undefined
+	      var entry = array[i];
+	      var key = entry[0];
+	      var value = entry[1];
+	      // Add the key to the list of keys in order
+	      this._keys.push(key);
+	      // Add the key and value to the values dictionary with a point
+	      // to the location in the ordered keys list
+	      this._values[key] = { v: value, i: this._keys.length - 1 };
+	    }
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.clear = function () {
+	    this._keys = [];
+	    this._values = {};
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.delete = function (key) {
+	    var value = this._values[key];
+	    if (value == null) return false;
+	    // Delete entry
+	    delete this._values[key];
+	    // Remove the key from the ordered keys list
+	    this._keys.splice(value.i, 1);
+	    return true;
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.entries = function () {
+	    var self = this;
+	    var index = 0;
+
+	    return {
+	      next: function () {
+	        var key = self._keys[index++];
+	        return {
+	          value: key !== undefined ? [key, self._values[key].v] : undefined,
+	          done: key !== undefined ? false : true
+	        };
+	      }
+	    };
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.forEach = function (callback, self) {
+	    self = self || this;
+
+	    for (var i = 0; i < this._keys.length; i++) {
+	      var key = this._keys[i];
+	      // Call the forEach callback
+	      callback.call(self, this._values[key].v, key, self);
+	    }
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.get = function (key) {
+	    return this._values[key] ? this._values[key].v : undefined;
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.has = function (key) {
+	    return this._values[key] != null;
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.keys = function () {
+	    var self = this;
+	    var index = 0;
+
+	    return {
+	      next: function () {
+	        var key = self._keys[index++];
+	        return {
+	          value: key !== undefined ? key : undefined,
+	          done: key !== undefined ? false : true
+	        };
+	      }
+	    };
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.set = function (key, value) {
+	    if (this._values[key]) {
+	      this._values[key].v = value;
+	      return this;
+	    }
+
+	    // Add the key to the list of keys in order
+	    this._keys.push(key);
+	    // Add the key and value to the values dictionary with a point
+	    // to the location in the ordered keys list
+	    this._values[key] = { v: value, i: this._keys.length - 1 };
+	    return this;
+	  };
+
+	  Map.prototype.values = function () {
+	    var self = this;
+	    var index = 0;
+
+	    return {
+	      next: function () {
+	        var key = self._keys[index++];
+	        return {
+	          value: key !== undefined ? self._values[key].v : undefined,
+	          done: key !== undefined ? false : true
+	        };
+	      }
+	    };
+	  };
+
+	  // Last ismaster
+	  Object.defineProperty(Map.prototype, 'size', {
+	    enumerable: true,
+	    get: function () {
+	      return this._keys.length;
+	    }
+	  });
+
+	  module.exports = Map;
+	  module.exports.Map = Map;
+	}
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, (function() { return this; }())))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 335 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+	//
+	//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+	//
+	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+	// limitations under the License.
+	//
+	// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved
+
+	/**
+	 * Defines a Long class for representing a 64-bit two's-complement
+	 * integer value, which faithfully simulates the behavior of a Java "Long". This
+	 * implementation is derived from LongLib in GWT.
+	 *
+	 * Constructs a 64-bit two's-complement integer, given its low and high 32-bit
+	 * values as *signed* integers.  See the from* functions below for more
+	 * convenient ways of constructing Longs.
+	 *
+	 * The internal representation of a Long is the two given signed, 32-bit values.
+	 * We use 32-bit pieces because these are the size of integers on which
+	 * Javascript performs bit-operations.  For operations like addition and
+	 * multiplication, we split each number into 16-bit pieces, which can easily be
+	 * multiplied within Javascript's floating-point representation without overflow
+	 * or change in sign.
+	 *
+	 * In the algorithms below, we frequently reduce the negative case to the
+	 * positive case by negating the input(s) and then post-processing the result.
+	 * Note that we must ALWAYS check specially whether those values are MIN_VALUE
+	 * (-2^63) because -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE (since 2^63 cannot be represented as
+	 * a positive number, it overflows back into a negative).  Not handling this
+	 * case would often result in infinite recursion.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {number} low  the low (signed) 32 bits of the Long.
+	 * @param {number} high the high (signed) 32 bits of the Long.
+	 * @return {Long}
+	 */
+	function Long(low, high) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Long)) return new Long(low, high);
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'Long';
+	  /**
+	   * @type {number}
+	   * @ignore
+	   */
+	  this.low_ = low | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+
+	  /**
+	   * @type {number}
+	   * @ignore
+	   */
+	  this.high_ = high | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the int value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the value, assuming it is a 32-bit integer.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.toInt = function () {
+	  return this.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the Number value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the closest floating-point representation to this value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.toNumber = function () {
+	  return this.high_ * Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.getLowBitsUnsigned();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the JSON value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {string} the JSON representation.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.toString();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the String value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} [opt_radix] the radix in which the text should be written.
+	 * @return {string} the textual representation of this value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.toString = function (opt_radix) {
+	  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+	  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+	    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isZero()) {
+	    return '0';
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	      // We need to change the Long value before it can be negated, so we remove
+	      // the bottom-most digit in this base and then recurse to do the rest.
+	      var radixLong = Long.fromNumber(radix);
+	      var div = this.div(radixLong);
+	      var rem = div.multiply(radixLong).subtract(this);
+	      return div.toString(radix) + rem.toInt().toString(radix);
+	    } else {
+	      return '-' + this.negate().toString(radix);
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Do several (6) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+	  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+	  var radixToPower = Long.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 6));
+
+	  rem = this;
+	  var result = '';
+
+	  while (!rem.isZero()) {
+	    var remDiv = rem.div(radixToPower);
+	    var intval = rem.subtract(remDiv.multiply(radixToPower)).toInt();
+	    var digits = intval.toString(radix);
+
+	    rem = remDiv;
+	    if (rem.isZero()) {
+	      return digits + result;
+	    } else {
+	      while (digits.length < 6) {
+	        digits = '0' + digits;
+	      }
+	      result = '' + digits + result;
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the high 32-bits value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the high 32-bits as a signed value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.getHighBits = function () {
+	  return this.high_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the low 32-bits value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the low 32-bits as a signed value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.getLowBits = function () {
+	  return this.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the low unsigned 32-bits value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the low 32-bits as an unsigned value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.getLowBitsUnsigned = function () {
+	  return this.low_ >= 0 ? this.low_ : Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Long.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Long.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.getNumBitsAbs = function () {
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	      return 64;
+	    } else {
+	      return this.negate().getNumBitsAbs();
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    var val = this.high_ !== 0 ? this.high_ : this.low_;
+	    for (var bit = 31; bit > 0; bit--) {
+	      if ((val & 1 << bit) !== 0) {
+	        break;
+	      }
+	    }
+	    return this.high_ !== 0 ? bit + 33 : bit + 1;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this value is zero.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this value is zero.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.isZero = function () {
+	  return this.high_ === 0 && this.low_ === 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this value is negative.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this value is negative.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.isNegative = function () {
+	  return this.high_ < 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this value is odd.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this value is odd.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.isOdd = function () {
+	  return (this.low_ & 1) === 1;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Long equals the other
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Long equals the other
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.equals = function (other) {
+	  return this.high_ === other.high_ && this.low_ === other.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Long does not equal the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Long does not equal the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.notEquals = function (other) {
+	  return this.high_ !== other.high_ || this.low_ !== other.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Long is less than the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Long is less than the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.lessThan = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) < 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Long is less than or equal to the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Long is less than or equal to the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.lessThanOrEqual = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) <= 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Long is greater than the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Long is greater than the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.greaterThan = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) > 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Long is greater than or equal to the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Long is greater than or equal to the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.greaterThanOrEqual = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) >= 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Compares this Long with the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater, and -1 if the given one is greater.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.compare = function (other) {
+	  if (this.equals(other)) {
+	    return 0;
+	  }
+
+	  var thisNeg = this.isNegative();
+	  var otherNeg = other.isNegative();
+	  if (thisNeg && !otherNeg) {
+	    return -1;
+	  }
+	  if (!thisNeg && otherNeg) {
+	    return 1;
+	  }
+
+	  // at this point, the signs are the same, so subtraction will not overflow
+	  if (this.subtract(other).isNegative()) {
+	    return -1;
+	  } else {
+	    return 1;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * The negation of this value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {Long} the negation of this value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.negate = function () {
+	  if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return Long.MIN_VALUE;
+	  } else {
+	    return this.not().add(Long.ONE);
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the sum of this and the given Long.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to add to this one.
+	 * @return {Long} the sum of this and the given Long.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.add = function (other) {
+	  // Divide each number into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then sum the chunks.
+
+	  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var c48 = 0,
+	      c32 = 0,
+	      c16 = 0,
+	      c00 = 0;
+	  c00 += a00 + b00;
+	  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+	  c00 &= 0xffff;
+	  c16 += a16 + b16;
+	  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+	  c16 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a32 + b32;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c48 += a48 + b48;
+	  c48 &= 0xffff;
+	  return Long.fromBits(c16 << 16 | c00, c48 << 16 | c32);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the difference of this and the given Long.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to subtract from this.
+	 * @return {Long} the difference of this and the given Long.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.subtract = function (other) {
+	  return this.add(other.negate());
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the product of this and the given Long.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long to multiply with this.
+	 * @return {Long} the product of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.multiply = function (other) {
+	  if (this.isZero()) {
+	    return Long.ZERO;
+	  } else if (other.isZero()) {
+	    return Long.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return other.isOdd() ? Long.MIN_VALUE : Long.ZERO;
+	  } else if (other.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return this.isOdd() ? Long.MIN_VALUE : Long.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (other.isNegative()) {
+	      return this.negate().multiply(other.negate());
+	    } else {
+	      return this.negate().multiply(other).negate();
+	    }
+	  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+	    return this.multiply(other.negate()).negate();
+	  }
+
+	  // If both Longs are small, use float multiplication
+	  if (this.lessThan(Long.TWO_PWR_24_) && other.lessThan(Long.TWO_PWR_24_)) {
+	    return Long.fromNumber(this.toNumber() * other.toNumber());
+	  }
+
+	  // Divide each Long into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then add up 4x4 products.
+	  // We can skip products that would overflow.
+
+	  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var c48 = 0,
+	      c32 = 0,
+	      c16 = 0,
+	      c00 = 0;
+	  c00 += a00 * b00;
+	  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+	  c00 &= 0xffff;
+	  c16 += a16 * b00;
+	  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+	  c16 &= 0xffff;
+	  c16 += a00 * b16;
+	  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+	  c16 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a32 * b00;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a16 * b16;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a00 * b32;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c48 += a48 * b00 + a32 * b16 + a16 * b32 + a00 * b48;
+	  c48 &= 0xffff;
+	  return Long.fromBits(c16 << 16 | c00, c48 << 16 | c32);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Long divided by the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long by which to divide.
+	 * @return {Long} this Long divided by the given one.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.div = function (other) {
+	  if (other.isZero()) {
+	    throw Error('division by zero');
+	  } else if (this.isZero()) {
+	    return Long.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    if (other.equals(Long.ONE) || other.equals(Long.NEG_ONE)) {
+	      return Long.MIN_VALUE; // recall that -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE
+	    } else if (other.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	      return Long.ONE;
+	    } else {
+	      // At this point, we have |other| >= 2, so |this/other| < |MIN_VALUE|.
+	      var halfThis = this.shiftRight(1);
+	      var approx = halfThis.div(other).shiftLeft(1);
+	      if (approx.equals(Long.ZERO)) {
+	        return other.isNegative() ? Long.ONE : Long.NEG_ONE;
+	      } else {
+	        var rem = this.subtract(other.multiply(approx));
+	        var result = approx.add(rem.div(other));
+	        return result;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  } else if (other.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return Long.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (other.isNegative()) {
+	      return this.negate().div(other.negate());
+	    } else {
+	      return this.negate().div(other).negate();
+	    }
+	  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+	    return this.div(other.negate()).negate();
+	  }
+
+	  // Repeat the following until the remainder is less than other:  find a
+	  // floating-point that approximates remainder / other *from below*, add this
+	  // into the result, and subtract it from the remainder.  It is critical that
+	  // the approximate value is less than or equal to the real value so that the
+	  // remainder never becomes negative.
+	  var res = Long.ZERO;
+	  rem = this;
+	  while (rem.greaterThanOrEqual(other)) {
+	    // Approximate the result of division. This may be a little greater or
+	    // smaller than the actual value.
+	    approx = Math.max(1, Math.floor(rem.toNumber() / other.toNumber()));
+
+	    // We will tweak the approximate result by changing it in the 48-th digit or
+	    // the smallest non-fractional digit, whichever is larger.
+	    var log2 = Math.ceil(Math.log(approx) / Math.LN2);
+	    var delta = log2 <= 48 ? 1 : Math.pow(2, log2 - 48);
+
+	    // Decrease the approximation until it is smaller than the remainder.  Note
+	    // that if it is too large, the product overflows and is negative.
+	    var approxRes = Long.fromNumber(approx);
+	    var approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+	    while (approxRem.isNegative() || approxRem.greaterThan(rem)) {
+	      approx -= delta;
+	      approxRes = Long.fromNumber(approx);
+	      approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+	    }
+
+	    // We know the answer can't be zero... and actually, zero would cause
+	    // infinite recursion since we would make no progress.
+	    if (approxRes.isZero()) {
+	      approxRes = Long.ONE;
+	    }
+
+	    res = res.add(approxRes);
+	    rem = rem.subtract(approxRem);
+	  }
+	  return res;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Long modulo the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other Long by which to mod.
+	 * @return {Long} this Long modulo the given one.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.modulo = function (other) {
+	  return this.subtract(this.div(other).multiply(other));
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * The bitwise-NOT of this value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {Long} the bitwise-NOT of this value.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.not = function () {
+	  return Long.fromBits(~this.low_, ~this.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bitwise-AND of this Long and the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other the Long with which to AND.
+	 * @return {Long} the bitwise-AND of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.and = function (other) {
+	  return Long.fromBits(this.low_ & other.low_, this.high_ & other.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bitwise-OR of this Long and the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other the Long with which to OR.
+	 * @return {Long} the bitwise-OR of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.or = function (other) {
+	  return Long.fromBits(this.low_ | other.low_, this.high_ | other.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bitwise-XOR of this Long and the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Long} other the Long with which to XOR.
+	 * @return {Long} the bitwise-XOR of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.xor = function (other) {
+	  return Long.fromBits(this.low_ ^ other.low_, this.high_ ^ other.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the left by the given amount.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+	 * @return {Long} this shifted to the left by the given amount.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.shiftLeft = function (numBits) {
+	  numBits &= 63;
+	  if (numBits === 0) {
+	    return this;
+	  } else {
+	    var low = this.low_;
+	    if (numBits < 32) {
+	      var high = this.high_;
+	      return Long.fromBits(low << numBits, high << numBits | low >>> 32 - numBits);
+	    } else {
+	      return Long.fromBits(0, low << numBits - 32);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the right by the given amount.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+	 * @return {Long} this shifted to the right by the given amount.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.shiftRight = function (numBits) {
+	  numBits &= 63;
+	  if (numBits === 0) {
+	    return this;
+	  } else {
+	    var high = this.high_;
+	    if (numBits < 32) {
+	      var low = this.low_;
+	      return Long.fromBits(low >>> numBits | high << 32 - numBits, high >> numBits);
+	    } else {
+	      return Long.fromBits(high >> numBits - 32, high >= 0 ? 0 : -1);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the right by the given amount, with the new top bits matching the current sign bit.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+	 * @return {Long} this shifted to the right by the given amount, with zeros placed into the new leading bits.
+	 */
+	Long.prototype.shiftRightUnsigned = function (numBits) {
+	  numBits &= 63;
+	  if (numBits === 0) {
+	    return this;
+	  } else {
+	    var high = this.high_;
+	    if (numBits < 32) {
+	      var low = this.low_;
+	      return Long.fromBits(low >>> numBits | high << 32 - numBits, high >>> numBits);
+	    } else if (numBits === 32) {
+	      return Long.fromBits(high, 0);
+	    } else {
+	      return Long.fromBits(high >>> numBits - 32, 0);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Long representing the given (32-bit) integer value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} value the 32-bit integer in question.
+	 * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+	 */
+	Long.fromInt = function (value) {
+	  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+	    var cachedObj = Long.INT_CACHE_[value];
+	    if (cachedObj) {
+	      return cachedObj;
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var obj = new Long(value | 0, value < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+	  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+	    Long.INT_CACHE_[value] = obj;
+	  }
+	  return obj;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Long representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} value the number in question.
+	 * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+	 */
+	Long.fromNumber = function (value) {
+	  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
+	    return Long.ZERO;
+	  } else if (value <= -Long.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+	    return Long.MIN_VALUE;
+	  } else if (value + 1 >= Long.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+	    return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+	  } else if (value < 0) {
+	    return Long.fromNumber(-value).negate();
+	  } else {
+	    return new Long(value % Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ | 0, value / Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ | 0);
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Long representing the 64-bit integer that comes by concatenating the given high and low bits. Each is assumed to use 32 bits.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} lowBits the low 32-bits.
+	 * @param {number} highBits the high 32-bits.
+	 * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+	 */
+	Long.fromBits = function (lowBits, highBits) {
+	  return new Long(lowBits, highBits);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Long representation of the given string, written using the given radix.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {string} str the textual representation of the Long.
+	 * @param {number} opt_radix the radix in which the text is written.
+	 * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+	 */
+	Long.fromString = function (str, opt_radix) {
+	  if (str.length === 0) {
+	    throw Error('number format error: empty string');
+	  }
+
+	  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+	  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+	    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+	  }
+
+	  if (str.charAt(0) === '-') {
+	    return Long.fromString(str.substring(1), radix).negate();
+	  } else if (str.indexOf('-') >= 0) {
+	    throw Error('number format error: interior "-" character: ' + str);
+	  }
+
+	  // Do several (8) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+	  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+	  var radixToPower = Long.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 8));
+
+	  var result = Long.ZERO;
+	  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i += 8) {
+	    var size = Math.min(8, str.length - i);
+	    var value = parseInt(str.substring(i, i + size), radix);
+	    if (size < 8) {
+	      var power = Long.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, size));
+	      result = result.multiply(power).add(Long.fromNumber(value));
+	    } else {
+	      result = result.multiply(radixToPower);
+	      result = result.add(Long.fromNumber(value));
+	    }
+	  }
+	  return result;
+	};
+
+	// NOTE: Common constant values ZERO, ONE, NEG_ONE, etc. are defined below the
+	// from* methods on which they depend.
+
+	/**
+	 * A cache of the Long representations of small integer values.
+	 * @type {Object}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.INT_CACHE_ = {};
+
+	// NOTE: the compiler should inline these constant values below and then remove
+	// these variables, so there should be no runtime penalty for these.
+
+	/**
+	 * Number used repeated below in calculations.  This must appear before the
+	 * first call to any from* function below.
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ = 1 << 16;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_24_DBL_ = 1 << 24;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ * Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_31_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ / 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_48_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ / 2;
+
+	/** @type {Long} */
+	Long.ZERO = Long.fromInt(0);
+
+	/** @type {Long} */
+	Long.ONE = Long.fromInt(1);
+
+	/** @type {Long} */
+	Long.NEG_ONE = Long.fromInt(-1);
+
+	/** @type {Long} */
+	Long.MAX_VALUE = Long.fromBits(0xffffffff | 0, 0x7fffffff | 0);
+
+	/** @type {Long} */
+	Long.MIN_VALUE = Long.fromBits(0, 0x80000000 | 0);
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {Long}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Long.TWO_PWR_24_ = Long.fromInt(1 << 24);
+
+	/**
+	 * Expose.
+	 */
+	module.exports = Long;
+	module.exports.Long = Long;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 336 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON Double type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {number} value the number we want to represent as a double.
+	 * @return {Double}
+	 */
+	function Double(value) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Double)) return new Double(value);
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'Double';
+	  this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Access the number value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} returns the wrapped double number.
+	 */
+	Double.prototype.valueOf = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Double.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Double;
+	module.exports.Double = Double;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 337 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+	//
+	//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+	//
+	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+	// limitations under the License.
+	//
+	// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved
+
+	/**
+	 * This type is for INTERNAL use in MongoDB only and should not be used in applications.
+	 * The appropriate corresponding type is the JavaScript Date type.
+	 * 
+	 * Defines a Timestamp class for representing a 64-bit two's-complement
+	 * integer value, which faithfully simulates the behavior of a Java "Timestamp". This
+	 * implementation is derived from TimestampLib in GWT.
+	 *
+	 * Constructs a 64-bit two's-complement integer, given its low and high 32-bit
+	 * values as *signed* integers.  See the from* functions below for more
+	 * convenient ways of constructing Timestamps.
+	 *
+	 * The internal representation of a Timestamp is the two given signed, 32-bit values.
+	 * We use 32-bit pieces because these are the size of integers on which
+	 * Javascript performs bit-operations.  For operations like addition and
+	 * multiplication, we split each number into 16-bit pieces, which can easily be
+	 * multiplied within Javascript's floating-point representation without overflow
+	 * or change in sign.
+	 *
+	 * In the algorithms below, we frequently reduce the negative case to the
+	 * positive case by negating the input(s) and then post-processing the result.
+	 * Note that we must ALWAYS check specially whether those values are MIN_VALUE
+	 * (-2^63) because -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE (since 2^63 cannot be represented as
+	 * a positive number, it overflows back into a negative).  Not handling this
+	 * case would often result in infinite recursion.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {number} low  the low (signed) 32 bits of the Timestamp.
+	 * @param {number} high the high (signed) 32 bits of the Timestamp.
+	 */
+	function Timestamp(low, high) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Timestamp)) return new Timestamp(low, high);
+	  this._bsontype = 'Timestamp';
+	  /**
+	   * @type {number}
+	   * @ignore
+	   */
+	  this.low_ = low | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+
+	  /**
+	   * @type {number}
+	   * @ignore
+	   */
+	  this.high_ = high | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the int value.
+	 *
+	 * @return {number} the value, assuming it is a 32-bit integer.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.toInt = function () {
+	  return this.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the Number value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the closest floating-point representation to this value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.toNumber = function () {
+	  return this.high_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.getLowBitsUnsigned();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the JSON value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {string} the JSON representation.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.toString();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the String value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} [opt_radix] the radix in which the text should be written.
+	 * @return {string} the textual representation of this value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.toString = function (opt_radix) {
+	  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+	  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+	    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isZero()) {
+	    return '0';
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	      // We need to change the Timestamp value before it can be negated, so we remove
+	      // the bottom-most digit in this base and then recurse to do the rest.
+	      var radixTimestamp = Timestamp.fromNumber(radix);
+	      var div = this.div(radixTimestamp);
+	      var rem = div.multiply(radixTimestamp).subtract(this);
+	      return div.toString(radix) + rem.toInt().toString(radix);
+	    } else {
+	      return '-' + this.negate().toString(radix);
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Do several (6) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+	  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+	  var radixToPower = Timestamp.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 6));
+
+	  rem = this;
+	  var result = '';
+
+	  while (!rem.isZero()) {
+	    var remDiv = rem.div(radixToPower);
+	    var intval = rem.subtract(remDiv.multiply(radixToPower)).toInt();
+	    var digits = intval.toString(radix);
+
+	    rem = remDiv;
+	    if (rem.isZero()) {
+	      return digits + result;
+	    } else {
+	      while (digits.length < 6) {
+	        digits = '0' + digits;
+	      }
+	      result = '' + digits + result;
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the high 32-bits value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the high 32-bits as a signed value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.getHighBits = function () {
+	  return this.high_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the low 32-bits value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the low 32-bits as a signed value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.getLowBits = function () {
+	  return this.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the low unsigned 32-bits value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the low 32-bits as an unsigned value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.getLowBitsUnsigned = function () {
+	  return this.low_ >= 0 ? this.low_ : Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Timestamp.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Timestamp.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.getNumBitsAbs = function () {
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	      return 64;
+	    } else {
+	      return this.negate().getNumBitsAbs();
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    var val = this.high_ !== 0 ? this.high_ : this.low_;
+	    for (var bit = 31; bit > 0; bit--) {
+	      if ((val & 1 << bit) !== 0) {
+	        break;
+	      }
+	    }
+	    return this.high_ !== 0 ? bit + 33 : bit + 1;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this value is zero.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this value is zero.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.isZero = function () {
+	  return this.high_ === 0 && this.low_ === 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this value is negative.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this value is negative.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.isNegative = function () {
+	  return this.high_ < 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this value is odd.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this value is odd.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.isOdd = function () {
+	  return (this.low_ & 1) === 1;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Timestamp equals the other
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp equals the other
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.equals = function (other) {
+	  return this.high_ === other.high_ && this.low_ === other.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Timestamp does not equal the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp does not equal the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.notEquals = function (other) {
+	  return this.high_ !== other.high_ || this.low_ !== other.low_;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Timestamp is less than the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is less than the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.lessThan = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) < 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Timestamp is less than or equal to the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is less than or equal to the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.lessThanOrEqual = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) <= 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Timestamp is greater than the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is greater than the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.greaterThan = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) > 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this Timestamp is greater than or equal to the other.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is greater than or equal to the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.greaterThanOrEqual = function (other) {
+	  return this.compare(other) >= 0;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Compares this Timestamp with the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+	 * @return {boolean} 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater, and -1 if the given one is greater.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.compare = function (other) {
+	  if (this.equals(other)) {
+	    return 0;
+	  }
+
+	  var thisNeg = this.isNegative();
+	  var otherNeg = other.isNegative();
+	  if (thisNeg && !otherNeg) {
+	    return -1;
+	  }
+	  if (!thisNeg && otherNeg) {
+	    return 1;
+	  }
+
+	  // at this point, the signs are the same, so subtraction will not overflow
+	  if (this.subtract(other).isNegative()) {
+	    return -1;
+	  } else {
+	    return 1;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * The negation of this value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the negation of this value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.negate = function () {
+	  if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return Timestamp.MIN_VALUE;
+	  } else {
+	    return this.not().add(Timestamp.ONE);
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the sum of this and the given Timestamp.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to add to this one.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the sum of this and the given Timestamp.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.add = function (other) {
+	  // Divide each number into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then sum the chunks.
+
+	  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var c48 = 0,
+	      c32 = 0,
+	      c16 = 0,
+	      c00 = 0;
+	  c00 += a00 + b00;
+	  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+	  c00 &= 0xffff;
+	  c16 += a16 + b16;
+	  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+	  c16 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a32 + b32;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c48 += a48 + b48;
+	  c48 &= 0xffff;
+	  return Timestamp.fromBits(c16 << 16 | c00, c48 << 16 | c32);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the difference of this and the given Timestamp.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to subtract from this.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the difference of this and the given Timestamp.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.subtract = function (other) {
+	  return this.add(other.negate());
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the product of this and the given Timestamp.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to multiply with this.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the product of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.multiply = function (other) {
+	  if (this.isZero()) {
+	    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  } else if (other.isZero()) {
+	    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return other.isOdd() ? Timestamp.MIN_VALUE : Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  } else if (other.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return this.isOdd() ? Timestamp.MIN_VALUE : Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (other.isNegative()) {
+	      return this.negate().multiply(other.negate());
+	    } else {
+	      return this.negate().multiply(other).negate();
+	    }
+	  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+	    return this.multiply(other.negate()).negate();
+	  }
+
+	  // If both Timestamps are small, use float multiplication
+	  if (this.lessThan(Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_) && other.lessThan(Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_)) {
+	    return Timestamp.fromNumber(this.toNumber() * other.toNumber());
+	  }
+
+	  // Divide each Timestamp into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then add up 4x4 products.
+	  // We can skip products that would overflow.
+
+	  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+	  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+	  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+	  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+	  var c48 = 0,
+	      c32 = 0,
+	      c16 = 0,
+	      c00 = 0;
+	  c00 += a00 * b00;
+	  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+	  c00 &= 0xffff;
+	  c16 += a16 * b00;
+	  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+	  c16 &= 0xffff;
+	  c16 += a00 * b16;
+	  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+	  c16 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a32 * b00;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a16 * b16;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c32 += a00 * b32;
+	  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+	  c32 &= 0xffff;
+	  c48 += a48 * b00 + a32 * b16 + a16 * b32 + a00 * b48;
+	  c48 &= 0xffff;
+	  return Timestamp.fromBits(c16 << 16 | c00, c48 << 16 | c32);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Timestamp divided by the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp by which to divide.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} this Timestamp divided by the given one.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.div = function (other) {
+	  if (other.isZero()) {
+	    throw Error('division by zero');
+	  } else if (this.isZero()) {
+	    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    if (other.equals(Timestamp.ONE) || other.equals(Timestamp.NEG_ONE)) {
+	      return Timestamp.MIN_VALUE; // recall that -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE
+	    } else if (other.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	      return Timestamp.ONE;
+	    } else {
+	      // At this point, we have |other| >= 2, so |this/other| < |MIN_VALUE|.
+	      var halfThis = this.shiftRight(1);
+	      var approx = halfThis.div(other).shiftLeft(1);
+	      if (approx.equals(Timestamp.ZERO)) {
+	        return other.isNegative() ? Timestamp.ONE : Timestamp.NEG_ONE;
+	      } else {
+	        var rem = this.subtract(other.multiply(approx));
+	        var result = approx.add(rem.div(other));
+	        return result;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  } else if (other.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+	    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.isNegative()) {
+	    if (other.isNegative()) {
+	      return this.negate().div(other.negate());
+	    } else {
+	      return this.negate().div(other).negate();
+	    }
+	  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+	    return this.div(other.negate()).negate();
+	  }
+
+	  // Repeat the following until the remainder is less than other:  find a
+	  // floating-point that approximates remainder / other *from below*, add this
+	  // into the result, and subtract it from the remainder.  It is critical that
+	  // the approximate value is less than or equal to the real value so that the
+	  // remainder never becomes negative.
+	  var res = Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  rem = this;
+	  while (rem.greaterThanOrEqual(other)) {
+	    // Approximate the result of division. This may be a little greater or
+	    // smaller than the actual value.
+	    approx = Math.max(1, Math.floor(rem.toNumber() / other.toNumber()));
+
+	    // We will tweak the approximate result by changing it in the 48-th digit or
+	    // the smallest non-fractional digit, whichever is larger.
+	    var log2 = Math.ceil(Math.log(approx) / Math.LN2);
+	    var delta = log2 <= 48 ? 1 : Math.pow(2, log2 - 48);
+
+	    // Decrease the approximation until it is smaller than the remainder.  Note
+	    // that if it is too large, the product overflows and is negative.
+	    var approxRes = Timestamp.fromNumber(approx);
+	    var approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+	    while (approxRem.isNegative() || approxRem.greaterThan(rem)) {
+	      approx -= delta;
+	      approxRes = Timestamp.fromNumber(approx);
+	      approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+	    }
+
+	    // We know the answer can't be zero... and actually, zero would cause
+	    // infinite recursion since we would make no progress.
+	    if (approxRes.isZero()) {
+	      approxRes = Timestamp.ONE;
+	    }
+
+	    res = res.add(approxRes);
+	    rem = rem.subtract(approxRem);
+	  }
+	  return res;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Timestamp modulo the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp by which to mod.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} this Timestamp modulo the given one.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.modulo = function (other) {
+	  return this.subtract(this.div(other).multiply(other));
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * The bitwise-NOT of this value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-NOT of this value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.not = function () {
+	  return Timestamp.fromBits(~this.low_, ~this.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bitwise-AND of this Timestamp and the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other the Timestamp with which to AND.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-AND of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.and = function (other) {
+	  return Timestamp.fromBits(this.low_ & other.low_, this.high_ & other.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bitwise-OR of this Timestamp and the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other the Timestamp with which to OR.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-OR of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.or = function (other) {
+	  return Timestamp.fromBits(this.low_ | other.low_, this.high_ | other.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bitwise-XOR of this Timestamp and the given one.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {Timestamp} other the Timestamp with which to XOR.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-XOR of this and the other.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.xor = function (other) {
+	  return Timestamp.fromBits(this.low_ ^ other.low_, this.high_ ^ other.high_);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Timestamp with bits shifted to the left by the given amount.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} this shifted to the left by the given amount.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.shiftLeft = function (numBits) {
+	  numBits &= 63;
+	  if (numBits === 0) {
+	    return this;
+	  } else {
+	    var low = this.low_;
+	    if (numBits < 32) {
+	      var high = this.high_;
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(low << numBits, high << numBits | low >>> 32 - numBits);
+	    } else {
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(0, low << numBits - 32);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Timestamp with bits shifted to the right by the given amount.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} this shifted to the right by the given amount.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.shiftRight = function (numBits) {
+	  numBits &= 63;
+	  if (numBits === 0) {
+	    return this;
+	  } else {
+	    var high = this.high_;
+	    if (numBits < 32) {
+	      var low = this.low_;
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(low >>> numBits | high << 32 - numBits, high >> numBits);
+	    } else {
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(high >> numBits - 32, high >= 0 ? 0 : -1);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns this Timestamp with bits shifted to the right by the given amount, with the new top bits matching the current sign bit.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} this shifted to the right by the given amount, with zeros placed into the new leading bits.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.prototype.shiftRightUnsigned = function (numBits) {
+	  numBits &= 63;
+	  if (numBits === 0) {
+	    return this;
+	  } else {
+	    var high = this.high_;
+	    if (numBits < 32) {
+	      var low = this.low_;
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(low >>> numBits | high << 32 - numBits, high >>> numBits);
+	    } else if (numBits === 32) {
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(high, 0);
+	    } else {
+	      return Timestamp.fromBits(high >>> numBits - 32, 0);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Timestamp representing the given (32-bit) integer value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} value the 32-bit integer in question.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.fromInt = function (value) {
+	  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+	    var cachedObj = Timestamp.INT_CACHE_[value];
+	    if (cachedObj) {
+	      return cachedObj;
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var obj = new Timestamp(value | 0, value < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+	  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+	    Timestamp.INT_CACHE_[value] = obj;
+	  }
+	  return obj;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Timestamp representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} value the number in question.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.fromNumber = function (value) {
+	  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
+	    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  } else if (value <= -Timestamp.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+	    return Timestamp.MIN_VALUE;
+	  } else if (value + 1 >= Timestamp.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+	    return Timestamp.MAX_VALUE;
+	  } else if (value < 0) {
+	    return Timestamp.fromNumber(-value).negate();
+	  } else {
+	    return new Timestamp(value % Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ | 0, value / Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ | 0);
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Timestamp representing the 64-bit integer that comes by concatenating the given high and low bits. Each is assumed to use 32 bits.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} lowBits the low 32-bits.
+	 * @param {number} highBits the high 32-bits.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.fromBits = function (lowBits, highBits) {
+	  return new Timestamp(lowBits, highBits);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a Timestamp representation of the given string, written using the given radix.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {string} str the textual representation of the Timestamp.
+	 * @param {number} opt_radix the radix in which the text is written.
+	 * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+	 */
+	Timestamp.fromString = function (str, opt_radix) {
+	  if (str.length === 0) {
+	    throw Error('number format error: empty string');
+	  }
+
+	  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+	  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+	    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+	  }
+
+	  if (str.charAt(0) === '-') {
+	    return Timestamp.fromString(str.substring(1), radix).negate();
+	  } else if (str.indexOf('-') >= 0) {
+	    throw Error('number format error: interior "-" character: ' + str);
+	  }
+
+	  // Do several (8) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+	  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+	  var radixToPower = Timestamp.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 8));
+
+	  var result = Timestamp.ZERO;
+	  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i += 8) {
+	    var size = Math.min(8, str.length - i);
+	    var value = parseInt(str.substring(i, i + size), radix);
+	    if (size < 8) {
+	      var power = Timestamp.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, size));
+	      result = result.multiply(power).add(Timestamp.fromNumber(value));
+	    } else {
+	      result = result.multiply(radixToPower);
+	      result = result.add(Timestamp.fromNumber(value));
+	    }
+	  }
+	  return result;
+	};
+
+	// NOTE: Common constant values ZERO, ONE, NEG_ONE, etc. are defined below the
+	// from* methods on which they depend.
+
+	/**
+	 * A cache of the Timestamp representations of small integer values.
+	 * @type {Object}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.INT_CACHE_ = {};
+
+	// NOTE: the compiler should inline these constant values below and then remove
+	// these variables, so there should be no runtime penalty for these.
+
+	/**
+	 * Number used repeated below in calculations.  This must appear before the
+	 * first call to any from* function below.
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ = 1 << 16;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_DBL_ = 1 << 24;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_31_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ / 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_48_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {number}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ / 2;
+
+	/** @type {Timestamp} */
+	Timestamp.ZERO = Timestamp.fromInt(0);
+
+	/** @type {Timestamp} */
+	Timestamp.ONE = Timestamp.fromInt(1);
+
+	/** @type {Timestamp} */
+	Timestamp.NEG_ONE = Timestamp.fromInt(-1);
+
+	/** @type {Timestamp} */
+	Timestamp.MAX_VALUE = Timestamp.fromBits(0xffffffff | 0, 0x7fffffff | 0);
+
+	/** @type {Timestamp} */
+	Timestamp.MIN_VALUE = Timestamp.fromBits(0, 0x80000000 | 0);
+
+	/**
+	 * @type {Timestamp}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_ = Timestamp.fromInt(1 << 24);
+
+	/**
+	 * Expose.
+	 */
+	module.exports = Timestamp;
+	module.exports.Timestamp = Timestamp;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 338 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(Buffer, process) {// Custom inspect property name / symbol.
+	var inspect = 'inspect';
+
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(344);
+
+	/**
+	 * Machine id.
+	 *
+	 * Create a random 3-byte value (i.e. unique for this
+	 * process). Other drivers use a md5 of the machine id here, but
+	 * that would mean an asyc call to gethostname, so we don't bother.
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	var MACHINE_ID = parseInt(Math.random() * 0xffffff, 10);
+
+	// Regular expression that checks for hex value
+	var checkForHexRegExp = new RegExp('^[0-9a-fA-F]{24}$');
+
+	// Check if buffer exists
+	try {
+	  if (Buffer && Buffer.from) {
+	    var hasBufferType = true;
+	    inspect = __webpack_require__(345).inspect.custom || 'inspect';
+	  }
+	} catch (err) {
+	  hasBufferType = false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Create a new ObjectID instance
+	*
+	* @class
+	* @param {(string|number)} id Can be a 24 byte hex string, 12 byte binary string or a Number.
+	* @property {number} generationTime The generation time of this ObjectId instance
+	* @return {ObjectID} instance of ObjectID.
+	*/
+	var ObjectID = function ObjectID(id) {
+	  // Duck-typing to support ObjectId from different npm packages
+	  if (id instanceof ObjectID) return id;
+	  if (!(this instanceof ObjectID)) return new ObjectID(id);
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'ObjectID';
+
+	  // The most common usecase (blank id, new objectId instance)
+	  if (id == null || typeof id === 'number') {
+	    // Generate a new id
+	    this.id = this.generate(id);
+	    // If we are caching the hex string
+	    if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = this.toString('hex');
+	    // Return the object
+	    return;
+	  }
+
+	  // Check if the passed in id is valid
+	  var valid = ObjectID.isValid(id);
+
+	  // Throw an error if it's not a valid setup
+	  if (!valid && id != null) {
+	    throw new Error('Argument passed in must be a single String of 12 bytes or a string of 24 hex characters');
+	  } else if (valid && typeof id === 'string' && id.length === 24 && hasBufferType) {
+	    return new ObjectID(utils.toBuffer(id, 'hex'));
+	  } else if (valid && typeof id === 'string' && id.length === 24) {
+	    return ObjectID.createFromHexString(id);
+	  } else if (id != null && id.length === 12) {
+	    // assume 12 byte string
+	    this.id = id;
+	  } else if (id != null && id.toHexString) {
+	    // Duck-typing to support ObjectId from different npm packages
+	    return id;
+	  } else {
+	    throw new Error('Argument passed in must be a single String of 12 bytes or a string of 24 hex characters');
+	  }
+
+	  if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = this.toString('hex');
+	};
+
+	// Allow usage of ObjectId as well as ObjectID
+	// var ObjectId = ObjectID;
+
+	// Precomputed hex table enables speedy hex string conversion
+	var hexTable = [];
+	for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+	  hexTable[i] = (i <= 15 ? '0' : '') + i.toString(16);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Return the ObjectID id as a 24 byte hex string representation
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @return {string} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.toHexString = function () {
+	  if (ObjectID.cacheHexString && this.__id) return this.__id;
+
+	  var hexString = '';
+	  if (!this.id || !this.id.length) {
+	    throw new Error('invalid ObjectId, ObjectId.id must be either a string or a Buffer, but is [' + JSON.stringify(this.id) + ']');
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.id instanceof _Buffer) {
+	    hexString = convertToHex(this.id);
+	    if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = hexString;
+	    return hexString;
+	  }
+
+	  for (var i = 0; i < this.id.length; i++) {
+	    hexString += hexTable[this.id.charCodeAt(i)];
+	  }
+
+	  if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = hexString;
+	  return hexString;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Update the ObjectID index used in generating new ObjectID's on the driver
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @return {number} returns next index value.
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.get_inc = function () {
+	  return ObjectID.index = (ObjectID.index + 1) % 0xffffff;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Update the ObjectID index used in generating new ObjectID's on the driver
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @return {number} returns next index value.
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.getInc = function () {
+	  return this.get_inc();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Generate a 12 byte id buffer used in ObjectID's
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @param {number} [time] optional parameter allowing to pass in a second based timestamp.
+	* @return {Buffer} return the 12 byte id buffer string.
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.generate = function (time) {
+	  if ('number' !== typeof time) {
+	    time = ~~(Date.now() / 1000);
+	  }
+
+	  // Use pid
+	  var pid = (typeof process === 'undefined' || process.pid === 1 ? Math.floor(Math.random() * 100000) : process.pid) % 0xffff;
+	  var inc = this.get_inc();
+	  // Buffer used
+	  var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(12);
+	  // Encode time
+	  buffer[3] = time & 0xff;
+	  buffer[2] = time >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[1] = time >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[0] = time >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode machine
+	  buffer[6] = MACHINE_ID & 0xff;
+	  buffer[5] = MACHINE_ID >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[4] = MACHINE_ID >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode pid
+	  buffer[8] = pid & 0xff;
+	  buffer[7] = pid >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode index
+	  buffer[11] = inc & 0xff;
+	  buffer[10] = inc >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[9] = inc >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  // Return the buffer
+	  return buffer;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Converts the id into a 24 byte hex string for printing
+	*
+	* @param {String} format The Buffer toString format parameter.
+	* @return {String} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.toString = function (format) {
+	  // Is the id a buffer then use the buffer toString method to return the format
+	  if (this.id && this.id.copy) {
+	    return this.id.toString(typeof format === 'string' ? format : 'hex');
+	  }
+
+	  // if(this.buffer )
+	  return this.toHexString();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Converts to a string representation of this Id.
+	*
+	* @return {String} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype[inspect] = ObjectID.prototype.toString;
+
+	/**
+	* Converts to its JSON representation.
+	*
+	* @return {String} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.toHexString();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Compares the equality of this ObjectID with `otherID`.
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @param {object} otherID ObjectID instance to compare against.
+	* @return {boolean} the result of comparing two ObjectID's
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.equals = function equals(otherId) {
+	  // var id;
+
+	  if (otherId instanceof ObjectID) {
+	    return this.toString() === otherId.toString();
+	  } else if (typeof otherId === 'string' && ObjectID.isValid(otherId) && otherId.length === 12 && this.id instanceof _Buffer) {
+	    return otherId === this.id.toString('binary');
+	  } else if (typeof otherId === 'string' && ObjectID.isValid(otherId) && otherId.length === 24) {
+	    return otherId.toLowerCase() === this.toHexString();
+	  } else if (typeof otherId === 'string' && ObjectID.isValid(otherId) && otherId.length === 12) {
+	    return otherId === this.id;
+	  } else if (otherId != null && (otherId instanceof ObjectID || otherId.toHexString)) {
+	    return otherId.toHexString() === this.toHexString();
+	  } else {
+	    return false;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Returns the generation date (accurate up to the second) that this ID was generated.
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @return {date} the generation date
+	*/
+	ObjectID.prototype.getTimestamp = function () {
+	  var timestamp = new Date();
+	  var time = this.id[3] | this.id[2] << 8 | this.id[1] << 16 | this.id[0] << 24;
+	  timestamp.setTime(Math.floor(time) * 1000);
+	  return timestamp;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.index = ~~(Math.random() * 0xffffff);
+
+	/**
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	ObjectID.createPk = function createPk() {
+	  return new ObjectID();
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Creates an ObjectID from a second based number, with the rest of the ObjectID zeroed out. Used for comparisons or sorting the ObjectID.
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @param {number} time an integer number representing a number of seconds.
+	* @return {ObjectID} return the created ObjectID
+	*/
+	ObjectID.createFromTime = function createFromTime(time) {
+	  var buffer = utils.toBuffer([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+	  // Encode time into first 4 bytes
+	  buffer[3] = time & 0xff;
+	  buffer[2] = time >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[1] = time >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[0] = time >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Return the new objectId
+	  return new ObjectID(buffer);
+	};
+
+	// Lookup tables
+	//var encodeLookup = '0123456789abcdef'.split('');
+	var decodeLookup = [];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < 10) decodeLookup[0x30 + i] = i++;
+	while (i < 16) decodeLookup[0x41 - 10 + i] = decodeLookup[0x61 - 10 + i] = i++;
+
+	var _Buffer = Buffer;
+	var convertToHex = function (bytes) {
+	  return bytes.toString('hex');
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Creates an ObjectID from a hex string representation of an ObjectID.
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @param {string} hexString create a ObjectID from a passed in 24 byte hexstring.
+	* @return {ObjectID} return the created ObjectID
+	*/
+	ObjectID.createFromHexString = function createFromHexString(string) {
+	  // Throw an error if it's not a valid setup
+	  if (typeof string === 'undefined' || string != null && string.length !== 24) {
+	    throw new Error('Argument passed in must be a single String of 12 bytes or a string of 24 hex characters');
+	  }
+
+	  // Use Buffer.from method if available
+	  if (hasBufferType) return new ObjectID(utils.toBuffer(string, 'hex'));
+
+	  // Calculate lengths
+	  var array = new _Buffer(12);
+	  var n = 0;
+	  var i = 0;
+
+	  while (i < 24) {
+	    array[n++] = decodeLookup[string.charCodeAt(i++)] << 4 | decodeLookup[string.charCodeAt(i++)];
+	  }
+
+	  return new ObjectID(array);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* Checks if a value is a valid bson ObjectId
+	*
+	* @method
+	* @return {boolean} return true if the value is a valid bson ObjectId, return false otherwise.
+	*/
+	ObjectID.isValid = function isValid(id) {
+	  if (id == null) return false;
+
+	  if (typeof id === 'number') {
+	    return true;
+	  }
+
+	  if (typeof id === 'string') {
+	    return id.length === 12 || id.length === 24 && checkForHexRegExp.test(id);
+	  }
+
+	  if (id instanceof ObjectID) {
+	    return true;
+	  }
+
+	  if (id instanceof _Buffer) {
+	    return true;
+	  }
+
+	  // Duck-Typing detection of ObjectId like objects
+	  if (id.toHexString) {
+	    return id.id.length === 12 || id.id.length === 24 && checkForHexRegExp.test(id.id);
+	  }
+
+	  return false;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	* @ignore
+	*/
+	Object.defineProperty(ObjectID.prototype, 'generationTime', {
+	  enumerable: true,
+	  get: function () {
+	    return this.id[3] | this.id[2] << 8 | this.id[1] << 16 | this.id[0] << 24;
+	  },
+	  set: function (value) {
+	    // Encode time into first 4 bytes
+	    this.id[3] = value & 0xff;
+	    this.id[2] = value >> 8 & 0xff;
+	    this.id[1] = value >> 16 & 0xff;
+	    this.id[0] = value >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  }
+	});
+
+	/**
+	 * Expose.
+	 */
+	module.exports = ObjectID;
+	module.exports.ObjectID = ObjectID;
+	module.exports.ObjectId = ObjectID;
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, __webpack_require__(339).Buffer, __webpack_require__(343)))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 339 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(global) {/*!
+	 * The buffer module from node.js, for the browser.
+	 *
+	 * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <feross@feross.org> <http://feross.org>
+	 * @license  MIT
+	 */
+	/* eslint-disable no-proto */
+
+	'use strict'
+
+	var base64 = __webpack_require__(340)
+	var ieee754 = __webpack_require__(341)
+	var isArray = __webpack_require__(342)
+
+	exports.Buffer = Buffer
+	exports.SlowBuffer = SlowBuffer
+	exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES = 50
+
+	/**
+	 * If `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT`:
+	 *   === true    Use Uint8Array implementation (fastest)
+	 *   === false   Use Object implementation (most compatible, even IE6)
+	 *
+	 * Browsers that support typed arrays are IE 10+, Firefox 4+, Chrome 7+, Safari 5.1+,
+	 * Opera 11.6+, iOS 4.2+.
+	 *
+	 * Due to various browser bugs, sometimes the Object implementation will be used even
+	 * when the browser supports typed arrays.
+	 *
+	 * Note:
+	 *
+	 *   - Firefox 4-29 lacks support for adding new properties to `Uint8Array` instances,
+	 *     See: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=695438.
+	 *
+	 *   - Chrome 9-10 is missing the `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function.
+	 *
+	 *   - IE10 has a broken `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function which returns arrays of
+	 *     incorrect length in some situations.
+
+	 * We detect these buggy browsers and set `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT` to `false` so they
+	 * get the Object implementation, which is slower but behaves correctly.
+	 */
+	Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT = global.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT !== undefined
+	  ? global.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT
+	  : typedArraySupport()
+
+	/*
+	 * Export kMaxLength after typed array support is determined.
+	 */
+	exports.kMaxLength = kMaxLength()
+
+	function typedArraySupport () {
+	  try {
+	    var arr = new Uint8Array(1)
+	    arr.__proto__ = {__proto__: Uint8Array.prototype, foo: function () { return 42 }}
+	    return arr.foo() === 42 && // typed array instances can be augmented
+	        typeof arr.subarray === 'function' && // chrome 9-10 lack `subarray`
+	        arr.subarray(1, 1).byteLength === 0 // ie10 has broken `subarray`
+	  } catch (e) {
+	    return false
+	  }
+	}
+
+	function kMaxLength () {
+	  return Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT
+	    ? 0x7fffffff
+	    : 0x3fffffff
+	}
+
+	function createBuffer (that, length) {
+	  if (kMaxLength() < length) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Invalid typed array length')
+	  }
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance, for best performance
+	    that = new Uint8Array(length)
+	    that.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+	  } else {
+	    // Fallback: Return an object instance of the Buffer class
+	    if (that === null) {
+	      that = new Buffer(length)
+	    }
+	    that.length = length
+	  }
+
+	  return that
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The Buffer constructor returns instances of `Uint8Array` that have their
+	 * prototype changed to `Buffer.prototype`. Furthermore, `Buffer` is a subclass of
+	 * `Uint8Array`, so the returned instances will have all the node `Buffer` methods
+	 * and the `Uint8Array` methods. Square bracket notation works as expected -- it
+	 * returns a single octet.
+	 *
+	 * The `Uint8Array` prototype remains unmodified.
+	 */
+
+	function Buffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+	  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && !(this instanceof Buffer)) {
+	    return new Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+	  }
+
+	  // Common case.
+	  if (typeof arg === 'number') {
+	    if (typeof encodingOrOffset === 'string') {
+	      throw new Error(
+	        'If encoding is specified then the first argument must be a string'
+	      )
+	    }
+	    return allocUnsafe(this, arg)
+	  }
+	  return from(this, arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.poolSize = 8192 // not used by this implementation
+
+	// TODO: Legacy, not needed anymore. Remove in next major version.
+	Buffer._augment = function (arr) {
+	  arr.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+	  return arr
+	}
+
+	function from (that, value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+	  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+	    throw new TypeError('"value" argument must not be a number')
+	  }
+
+	  if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && value instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+	    return fromArrayBuffer(that, value, encodingOrOffset, length)
+	  }
+
+	  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+	    return fromString(that, value, encodingOrOffset)
+	  }
+
+	  return fromObject(that, value)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Functionally equivalent to Buffer(arg, encoding) but throws a TypeError
+	 * if value is a number.
+	 * Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
+	 * Buffer.from(array)
+	 * Buffer.from(buffer)
+	 * Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
+	 **/
+	Buffer.from = function (value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+	  return from(null, value, encodingOrOffset, length)
+	}
+
+	if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	  Buffer.prototype.__proto__ = Uint8Array.prototype
+	  Buffer.__proto__ = Uint8Array
+	  if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.species &&
+	      Buffer[Symbol.species] === Buffer) {
+	    // Fix subarray() in ES2016. See: https://github.com/feross/buffer/pull/97
+	    Object.defineProperty(Buffer, Symbol.species, {
+	      value: null,
+	      configurable: true
+	    })
+	  }
+	}
+
+	function assertSize (size) {
+	  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+	    throw new TypeError('"size" argument must be a number')
+	  } else if (size < 0) {
+	    throw new RangeError('"size" argument must not be negative')
+	  }
+	}
+
+	function alloc (that, size, fill, encoding) {
+	  assertSize(size)
+	  if (size <= 0) {
+	    return createBuffer(that, size)
+	  }
+	  if (fill !== undefined) {
+	    // Only pay attention to encoding if it's a string. This
+	    // prevents accidentally sending in a number that would
+	    // be interpretted as a start offset.
+	    return typeof encoding === 'string'
+	      ? createBuffer(that, size).fill(fill, encoding)
+	      : createBuffer(that, size).fill(fill)
+	  }
+	  return createBuffer(that, size)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new filled Buffer instance.
+	 * alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
+	 **/
+	Buffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
+	  return alloc(null, size, fill, encoding)
+	}
+
+	function allocUnsafe (that, size) {
+	  assertSize(size)
+	  that = createBuffer(that, size < 0 ? 0 : checked(size) | 0)
+	  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+	      that[i] = 0
+	    }
+	  }
+	  return that
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Equivalent to Buffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
+	 * */
+	Buffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
+	  return allocUnsafe(null, size)
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Equivalent to SlowBuffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
+	 */
+	Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
+	  return allocUnsafe(null, size)
+	}
+
+	function fromString (that, string, encoding) {
+	  if (typeof encoding !== 'string' || encoding === '') {
+	    encoding = 'utf8'
+	  }
+
+	  if (!Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
+	    throw new TypeError('"encoding" must be a valid string encoding')
+	  }
+
+	  var length = byteLength(string, encoding) | 0
+	  that = createBuffer(that, length)
+
+	  var actual = that.write(string, encoding)
+
+	  if (actual !== length) {
+	    // Writing a hex string, for example, that contains invalid characters will
+	    // cause everything after the first invalid character to be ignored. (e.g.
+	    // 'abxxcd' will be treated as 'ab')
+	    that = that.slice(0, actual)
+	  }
+
+	  return that
+	}
+
+	function fromArrayLike (that, array) {
+	  var length = array.length < 0 ? 0 : checked(array.length) | 0
+	  that = createBuffer(that, length)
+	  for (var i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
+	    that[i] = array[i] & 255
+	  }
+	  return that
+	}
+
+	function fromArrayBuffer (that, array, byteOffset, length) {
+	  array.byteLength // this throws if `array` is not a valid ArrayBuffer
+
+	  if (byteOffset < 0 || array.byteLength < byteOffset) {
+	    throw new RangeError('\'offset\' is out of bounds')
+	  }
+
+	  if (array.byteLength < byteOffset + (length || 0)) {
+	    throw new RangeError('\'length\' is out of bounds')
+	  }
+
+	  if (byteOffset === undefined && length === undefined) {
+	    array = new Uint8Array(array)
+	  } else if (length === undefined) {
+	    array = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset)
+	  } else {
+	    array = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset, length)
+	  }
+
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance, for best performance
+	    that = array
+	    that.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+	  } else {
+	    // Fallback: Return an object instance of the Buffer class
+	    that = fromArrayLike(that, array)
+	  }
+	  return that
+	}
+
+	function fromObject (that, obj) {
+	  if (Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) {
+	    var len = checked(obj.length) | 0
+	    that = createBuffer(that, len)
+
+	    if (that.length === 0) {
+	      return that
+	    }
+
+	    obj.copy(that, 0, 0, len)
+	    return that
+	  }
+
+	  if (obj) {
+	    if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' &&
+	        obj.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) || 'length' in obj) {
+	      if (typeof obj.length !== 'number' || isnan(obj.length)) {
+	        return createBuffer(that, 0)
+	      }
+	      return fromArrayLike(that, obj)
+	    }
+
+	    if (obj.type === 'Buffer' && isArray(obj.data)) {
+	      return fromArrayLike(that, obj.data)
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  throw new TypeError('First argument must be a string, Buffer, ArrayBuffer, Array, or array-like object.')
+	}
+
+	function checked (length) {
+	  // Note: cannot use `length < kMaxLength()` here because that fails when
+	  // length is NaN (which is otherwise coerced to zero.)
+	  if (length >= kMaxLength()) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Attempt to allocate Buffer larger than maximum ' +
+	                         'size: 0x' + kMaxLength().toString(16) + ' bytes')
+	  }
+	  return length | 0
+	}
+
+	function SlowBuffer (length) {
+	  if (+length != length) { // eslint-disable-line eqeqeq
+	    length = 0
+	  }
+	  return Buffer.alloc(+length)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.isBuffer = function isBuffer (b) {
+	  return !!(b != null && b._isBuffer)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.compare = function compare (a, b) {
+	  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a) || !Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
+	    throw new TypeError('Arguments must be Buffers')
+	  }
+
+	  if (a === b) return 0
+
+	  var x = a.length
+	  var y = b.length
+
+	  for (var i = 0, len = Math.min(x, y); i < len; ++i) {
+	    if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
+	      x = a[i]
+	      y = b[i]
+	      break
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  if (x < y) return -1
+	  if (y < x) return 1
+	  return 0
+	}
+
+	Buffer.isEncoding = function isEncoding (encoding) {
+	  switch (String(encoding).toLowerCase()) {
+	    case 'hex':
+	    case 'utf8':
+	    case 'utf-8':
+	    case 'ascii':
+	    case 'latin1':
+	    case 'binary':
+	    case 'base64':
+	    case 'ucs2':
+	    case 'ucs-2':
+	    case 'utf16le':
+	    case 'utf-16le':
+	      return true
+	    default:
+	      return false
+	  }
+	}
+
+	Buffer.concat = function concat (list, length) {
+	  if (!isArray(list)) {
+	    throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers')
+	  }
+
+	  if (list.length === 0) {
+	    return Buffer.alloc(0)
+	  }
+
+	  var i
+	  if (length === undefined) {
+	    length = 0
+	    for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
+	      length += list[i].length
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(length)
+	  var pos = 0
+	  for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
+	    var buf = list[i]
+	    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) {
+	      throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers')
+	    }
+	    buf.copy(buffer, pos)
+	    pos += buf.length
+	  }
+	  return buffer
+	}
+
+	function byteLength (string, encoding) {
+	  if (Buffer.isBuffer(string)) {
+	    return string.length
+	  }
+	  if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && typeof ArrayBuffer.isView === 'function' &&
+	      (ArrayBuffer.isView(string) || string instanceof ArrayBuffer)) {
+	    return string.byteLength
+	  }
+	  if (typeof string !== 'string') {
+	    string = '' + string
+	  }
+
+	  var len = string.length
+	  if (len === 0) return 0
+
+	  // Use a for loop to avoid recursion
+	  var loweredCase = false
+	  for (;;) {
+	    switch (encoding) {
+	      case 'ascii':
+	      case 'latin1':
+	      case 'binary':
+	        return len
+	      case 'utf8':
+	      case 'utf-8':
+	      case undefined:
+	        return utf8ToBytes(string).length
+	      case 'ucs2':
+	      case 'ucs-2':
+	      case 'utf16le':
+	      case 'utf-16le':
+	        return len * 2
+	      case 'hex':
+	        return len >>> 1
+	      case 'base64':
+	        return base64ToBytes(string).length
+	      default:
+	        if (loweredCase) return utf8ToBytes(string).length // assume utf8
+	        encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase()
+	        loweredCase = true
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+	Buffer.byteLength = byteLength
+
+	function slowToString (encoding, start, end) {
+	  var loweredCase = false
+
+	  // No need to verify that "this.length <= MAX_UINT32" since it's a read-only
+	  // property of a typed array.
+
+	  // This behaves neither like String nor Uint8Array in that we set start/end
+	  // to their upper/lower bounds if the value passed is out of range.
+	  // undefined is handled specially as per ECMA-262 6th Edition,
+	  // Section 13.3.3.7 Runtime Semantics: KeyedBindingInitialization.
+	  if (start === undefined || start < 0) {
+	    start = 0
+	  }
+	  // Return early if start > this.length. Done here to prevent potential uint32
+	  // coercion fail below.
+	  if (start > this.length) {
+	    return ''
+	  }
+
+	  if (end === undefined || end > this.length) {
+	    end = this.length
+	  }
+
+	  if (end <= 0) {
+	    return ''
+	  }
+
+	  // Force coersion to uint32. This will also coerce falsey/NaN values to 0.
+	  end >>>= 0
+	  start >>>= 0
+
+	  if (end <= start) {
+	    return ''
+	  }
+
+	  if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
+
+	  while (true) {
+	    switch (encoding) {
+	      case 'hex':
+	        return hexSlice(this, start, end)
+
+	      case 'utf8':
+	      case 'utf-8':
+	        return utf8Slice(this, start, end)
+
+	      case 'ascii':
+	        return asciiSlice(this, start, end)
+
+	      case 'latin1':
+	      case 'binary':
+	        return latin1Slice(this, start, end)
+
+	      case 'base64':
+	        return base64Slice(this, start, end)
+
+	      case 'ucs2':
+	      case 'ucs-2':
+	      case 'utf16le':
+	      case 'utf-16le':
+	        return utf16leSlice(this, start, end)
+
+	      default:
+	        if (loweredCase) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
+	        encoding = (encoding + '').toLowerCase()
+	        loweredCase = true
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+
+	// The property is used by `Buffer.isBuffer` and `is-buffer` (in Safari 5-7) to detect
+	// Buffer instances.
+	Buffer.prototype._isBuffer = true
+
+	function swap (b, n, m) {
+	  var i = b[n]
+	  b[n] = b[m]
+	  b[m] = i
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.swap16 = function swap16 () {
+	  var len = this.length
+	  if (len % 2 !== 0) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 16-bits')
+	  }
+	  for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
+	    swap(this, i, i + 1)
+	  }
+	  return this
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.swap32 = function swap32 () {
+	  var len = this.length
+	  if (len % 4 !== 0) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 32-bits')
+	  }
+	  for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
+	    swap(this, i, i + 3)
+	    swap(this, i + 1, i + 2)
+	  }
+	  return this
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.swap64 = function swap64 () {
+	  var len = this.length
+	  if (len % 8 !== 0) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 64-bits')
+	  }
+	  for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 8) {
+	    swap(this, i, i + 7)
+	    swap(this, i + 1, i + 6)
+	    swap(this, i + 2, i + 5)
+	    swap(this, i + 3, i + 4)
+	  }
+	  return this
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.toString = function toString () {
+	  var length = this.length | 0
+	  if (length === 0) return ''
+	  if (arguments.length === 0) return utf8Slice(this, 0, length)
+	  return slowToString.apply(this, arguments)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.equals = function equals (b) {
+	  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
+	  if (this === b) return true
+	  return Buffer.compare(this, b) === 0
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.inspect = function inspect () {
+	  var str = ''
+	  var max = exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES
+	  if (this.length > 0) {
+	    str = this.toString('hex', 0, max).match(/.{2}/g).join(' ')
+	    if (this.length > max) str += ' ... '
+	  }
+	  return '<Buffer ' + str + '>'
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.compare = function compare (target, start, end, thisStart, thisEnd) {
+	  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(target)) {
+	    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
+	  }
+
+	  if (start === undefined) {
+	    start = 0
+	  }
+	  if (end === undefined) {
+	    end = target ? target.length : 0
+	  }
+	  if (thisStart === undefined) {
+	    thisStart = 0
+	  }
+	  if (thisEnd === undefined) {
+	    thisEnd = this.length
+	  }
+
+	  if (start < 0 || end > target.length || thisStart < 0 || thisEnd > this.length) {
+	    throw new RangeError('out of range index')
+	  }
+
+	  if (thisStart >= thisEnd && start >= end) {
+	    return 0
+	  }
+	  if (thisStart >= thisEnd) {
+	    return -1
+	  }
+	  if (start >= end) {
+	    return 1
+	  }
+
+	  start >>>= 0
+	  end >>>= 0
+	  thisStart >>>= 0
+	  thisEnd >>>= 0
+
+	  if (this === target) return 0
+
+	  var x = thisEnd - thisStart
+	  var y = end - start
+	  var len = Math.min(x, y)
+
+	  var thisCopy = this.slice(thisStart, thisEnd)
+	  var targetCopy = target.slice(start, end)
+
+	  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+	    if (thisCopy[i] !== targetCopy[i]) {
+	      x = thisCopy[i]
+	      y = targetCopy[i]
+	      break
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  if (x < y) return -1
+	  if (y < x) return 1
+	  return 0
+	}
+
+	// Finds either the first index of `val` in `buffer` at offset >= `byteOffset`,
+	// OR the last index of `val` in `buffer` at offset <= `byteOffset`.
+	//
+	// Arguments:
+	// - buffer - a Buffer to search
+	// - val - a string, Buffer, or number
+	// - byteOffset - an index into `buffer`; will be clamped to an int32
+	// - encoding - an optional encoding, relevant is val is a string
+	// - dir - true for indexOf, false for lastIndexOf
+	function bidirectionalIndexOf (buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir) {
+	  // Empty buffer means no match
+	  if (buffer.length === 0) return -1
+
+	  // Normalize byteOffset
+	  if (typeof byteOffset === 'string') {
+	    encoding = byteOffset
+	    byteOffset = 0
+	  } else if (byteOffset > 0x7fffffff) {
+	    byteOffset = 0x7fffffff
+	  } else if (byteOffset < -0x80000000) {
+	    byteOffset = -0x80000000
+	  }
+	  byteOffset = +byteOffset  // Coerce to Number.
+	  if (isNaN(byteOffset)) {
+	    // byteOffset: it it's undefined, null, NaN, "foo", etc, search whole buffer
+	    byteOffset = dir ? 0 : (buffer.length - 1)
+	  }
+
+	  // Normalize byteOffset: negative offsets start from the end of the buffer
+	  if (byteOffset < 0) byteOffset = buffer.length + byteOffset
+	  if (byteOffset >= buffer.length) {
+	    if (dir) return -1
+	    else byteOffset = buffer.length - 1
+	  } else if (byteOffset < 0) {
+	    if (dir) byteOffset = 0
+	    else return -1
+	  }
+
+	  // Normalize val
+	  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+	    val = Buffer.from(val, encoding)
+	  }
+
+	  // Finally, search either indexOf (if dir is true) or lastIndexOf
+	  if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
+	    // Special case: looking for empty string/buffer always fails
+	    if (val.length === 0) {
+	      return -1
+	    }
+	    return arrayIndexOf(buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir)
+	  } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
+	    val = val & 0xFF // Search for a byte value [0-255]
+	    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT &&
+	        typeof Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf === 'function') {
+	      if (dir) {
+	        return Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf.call(buffer, val, byteOffset)
+	      } else {
+	        return Uint8Array.prototype.lastIndexOf.call(buffer, val, byteOffset)
+	      }
+	    }
+	    return arrayIndexOf(buffer, [ val ], byteOffset, encoding, dir)
+	  }
+
+	  throw new TypeError('val must be string, number or Buffer')
+	}
+
+	function arrayIndexOf (arr, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir) {
+	  var indexSize = 1
+	  var arrLength = arr.length
+	  var valLength = val.length
+
+	  if (encoding !== undefined) {
+	    encoding = String(encoding).toLowerCase()
+	    if (encoding === 'ucs2' || encoding === 'ucs-2' ||
+	        encoding === 'utf16le' || encoding === 'utf-16le') {
+	      if (arr.length < 2 || val.length < 2) {
+	        return -1
+	      }
+	      indexSize = 2
+	      arrLength /= 2
+	      valLength /= 2
+	      byteOffset /= 2
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  function read (buf, i) {
+	    if (indexSize === 1) {
+	      return buf[i]
+	    } else {
+	      return buf.readUInt16BE(i * indexSize)
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var i
+	  if (dir) {
+	    var foundIndex = -1
+	    for (i = byteOffset; i < arrLength; i++) {
+	      if (read(arr, i) === read(val, foundIndex === -1 ? 0 : i - foundIndex)) {
+	        if (foundIndex === -1) foundIndex = i
+	        if (i - foundIndex + 1 === valLength) return foundIndex * indexSize
+	      } else {
+	        if (foundIndex !== -1) i -= i - foundIndex
+	        foundIndex = -1
+	      }
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    if (byteOffset + valLength > arrLength) byteOffset = arrLength - valLength
+	    for (i = byteOffset; i >= 0; i--) {
+	      var found = true
+	      for (var j = 0; j < valLength; j++) {
+	        if (read(arr, i + j) !== read(val, j)) {
+	          found = false
+	          break
+	        }
+	      }
+	      if (found) return i
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return -1
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.includes = function includes (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
+	  return this.indexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) !== -1
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
+	  return bidirectionalIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding, true)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.lastIndexOf = function lastIndexOf (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
+	  return bidirectionalIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding, false)
+	}
+
+	function hexWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
+	  offset = Number(offset) || 0
+	  var remaining = buf.length - offset
+	  if (!length) {
+	    length = remaining
+	  } else {
+	    length = Number(length)
+	    if (length > remaining) {
+	      length = remaining
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // must be an even number of digits
+	  var strLen = string.length
+	  if (strLen % 2 !== 0) throw new TypeError('Invalid hex string')
+
+	  if (length > strLen / 2) {
+	    length = strLen / 2
+	  }
+	  for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+	    var parsed = parseInt(string.substr(i * 2, 2), 16)
+	    if (isNaN(parsed)) return i
+	    buf[offset + i] = parsed
+	  }
+	  return i
+	}
+
+	function utf8Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+	  return blitBuffer(utf8ToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length)
+	}
+
+	function asciiWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
+	  return blitBuffer(asciiToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
+	}
+
+	function latin1Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+	  return asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length)
+	}
+
+	function base64Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+	  return blitBuffer(base64ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
+	}
+
+	function ucs2Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
+	  return blitBuffer(utf16leToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.write = function write (string, offset, length, encoding) {
+	  // Buffer#write(string)
+	  if (offset === undefined) {
+	    encoding = 'utf8'
+	    length = this.length
+	    offset = 0
+	  // Buffer#write(string, encoding)
+	  } else if (length === undefined && typeof offset === 'string') {
+	    encoding = offset
+	    length = this.length
+	    offset = 0
+	  // Buffer#write(string, offset[, length][, encoding])
+	  } else if (isFinite(offset)) {
+	    offset = offset | 0
+	    if (isFinite(length)) {
+	      length = length | 0
+	      if (encoding === undefined) encoding = 'utf8'
+	    } else {
+	      encoding = length
+	      length = undefined
+	    }
+	  // legacy write(string, encoding, offset, length) - remove in v0.13
+	  } else {
+	    throw new Error(
+	      'Buffer.write(string, encoding, offset[, length]) is no longer supported'
+	    )
+	  }
+
+	  var remaining = this.length - offset
+	  if (length === undefined || length > remaining) length = remaining
+
+	  if ((string.length > 0 && (length < 0 || offset < 0)) || offset > this.length) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Attempt to write outside buffer bounds')
+	  }
+
+	  if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
+
+	  var loweredCase = false
+	  for (;;) {
+	    switch (encoding) {
+	      case 'hex':
+	        return hexWrite(this, string, offset, length)
+
+	      case 'utf8':
+	      case 'utf-8':
+	        return utf8Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+	      case 'ascii':
+	        return asciiWrite(this, string, offset, length)
+
+	      case 'latin1':
+	      case 'binary':
+	        return latin1Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+	      case 'base64':
+	        // Warning: maxLength not taken into account in base64Write
+	        return base64Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+	      case 'ucs2':
+	      case 'ucs-2':
+	      case 'utf16le':
+	      case 'utf-16le':
+	        return ucs2Write(this, string, offset, length)
+
+	      default:
+	        if (loweredCase) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
+	        encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase()
+	        loweredCase = true
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON () {
+	  return {
+	    type: 'Buffer',
+	    data: Array.prototype.slice.call(this._arr || this, 0)
+	  }
+	}
+
+	function base64Slice (buf, start, end) {
+	  if (start === 0 && end === buf.length) {
+	    return base64.fromByteArray(buf)
+	  } else {
+	    return base64.fromByteArray(buf.slice(start, end))
+	  }
+	}
+
+	function utf8Slice (buf, start, end) {
+	  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
+	  var res = []
+
+	  var i = start
+	  while (i < end) {
+	    var firstByte = buf[i]
+	    var codePoint = null
+	    var bytesPerSequence = (firstByte > 0xEF) ? 4
+	      : (firstByte > 0xDF) ? 3
+	      : (firstByte > 0xBF) ? 2
+	      : 1
+
+	    if (i + bytesPerSequence <= end) {
+	      var secondByte, thirdByte, fourthByte, tempCodePoint
+
+	      switch (bytesPerSequence) {
+	        case 1:
+	          if (firstByte < 0x80) {
+	            codePoint = firstByte
+	          }
+	          break
+	        case 2:
+	          secondByte = buf[i + 1]
+	          if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+	            tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0x1F) << 0x6 | (secondByte & 0x3F)
+	            if (tempCodePoint > 0x7F) {
+	              codePoint = tempCodePoint
+	            }
+	          }
+	          break
+	        case 3:
+	          secondByte = buf[i + 1]
+	          thirdByte = buf[i + 2]
+	          if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (thirdByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+	            tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0xF) << 0xC | (secondByte & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (thirdByte & 0x3F)
+	            if (tempCodePoint > 0x7FF && (tempCodePoint < 0xD800 || tempCodePoint > 0xDFFF)) {
+	              codePoint = tempCodePoint
+	            }
+	          }
+	          break
+	        case 4:
+	          secondByte = buf[i + 1]
+	          thirdByte = buf[i + 2]
+	          fourthByte = buf[i + 3]
+	          if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (thirdByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (fourthByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+	            tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0xF) << 0x12 | (secondByte & 0x3F) << 0xC | (thirdByte & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (fourthByte & 0x3F)
+	            if (tempCodePoint > 0xFFFF && tempCodePoint < 0x110000) {
+	              codePoint = tempCodePoint
+	            }
+	          }
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    if (codePoint === null) {
+	      // we did not generate a valid codePoint so insert a
+	      // replacement char (U+FFFD) and advance only 1 byte
+	      codePoint = 0xFFFD
+	      bytesPerSequence = 1
+	    } else if (codePoint > 0xFFFF) {
+	      // encode to utf16 (surrogate pair dance)
+	      codePoint -= 0x10000
+	      res.push(codePoint >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800)
+	      codePoint = 0xDC00 | codePoint & 0x3FF
+	    }
+
+	    res.push(codePoint)
+	    i += bytesPerSequence
+	  }
+
+	  return decodeCodePointsArray(res)
+	}
+
+	// Based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/22747272/680742, the browser with
+	// the lowest limit is Chrome, with 0x10000 args.
+	// We go 1 magnitude less, for safety
+	var MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH = 0x1000
+
+	function decodeCodePointsArray (codePoints) {
+	  var len = codePoints.length
+	  if (len <= MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH) {
+	    return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, codePoints) // avoid extra slice()
+	  }
+
+	  // Decode in chunks to avoid "call stack size exceeded".
+	  var res = ''
+	  var i = 0
+	  while (i < len) {
+	    res += String.fromCharCode.apply(
+	      String,
+	      codePoints.slice(i, i += MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH)
+	    )
+	  }
+	  return res
+	}
+
+	function asciiSlice (buf, start, end) {
+	  var ret = ''
+	  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
+
+	  for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+	    ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i] & 0x7F)
+	  }
+	  return ret
+	}
+
+	function latin1Slice (buf, start, end) {
+	  var ret = ''
+	  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
+
+	  for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+	    ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
+	  }
+	  return ret
+	}
+
+	function hexSlice (buf, start, end) {
+	  var len = buf.length
+
+	  if (!start || start < 0) start = 0
+	  if (!end || end < 0 || end > len) end = len
+
+	  var out = ''
+	  for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+	    out += toHex(buf[i])
+	  }
+	  return out
+	}
+
+	function utf16leSlice (buf, start, end) {
+	  var bytes = buf.slice(start, end)
+	  var res = ''
+	  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 2) {
+	    res += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i] + bytes[i + 1] * 256)
+	  }
+	  return res
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.slice = function slice (start, end) {
+	  var len = this.length
+	  start = ~~start
+	  end = end === undefined ? len : ~~end
+
+	  if (start < 0) {
+	    start += len
+	    if (start < 0) start = 0
+	  } else if (start > len) {
+	    start = len
+	  }
+
+	  if (end < 0) {
+	    end += len
+	    if (end < 0) end = 0
+	  } else if (end > len) {
+	    end = len
+	  }
+
+	  if (end < start) end = start
+
+	  var newBuf
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    newBuf = this.subarray(start, end)
+	    newBuf.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
+	  } else {
+	    var sliceLen = end - start
+	    newBuf = new Buffer(sliceLen, undefined)
+	    for (var i = 0; i < sliceLen; ++i) {
+	      newBuf[i] = this[i + start]
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return newBuf
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Need to make sure that buffer isn't trying to write out of bounds.
+	 */
+	function checkOffset (offset, ext, length) {
+	  if ((offset % 1) !== 0 || offset < 0) throw new RangeError('offset is not uint')
+	  if (offset + ext > length) throw new RangeError('Trying to access beyond buffer length')
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUIntLE = function readUIntLE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+
+	  var val = this[offset]
+	  var mul = 1
+	  var i = 0
+	  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    val += this[offset + i] * mul
+	  }
+
+	  return val
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUIntBE = function readUIntBE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+	  }
+
+	  var val = this[offset + --byteLength]
+	  var mul = 1
+	  while (byteLength > 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    val += this[offset + --byteLength] * mul
+	  }
+
+	  return val
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUInt8 = function readUInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
+	  return this[offset]
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUInt16LE = function readUInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+	  return this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUInt16BE = function readUInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+	  return (this[offset] << 8) | this[offset + 1]
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUInt32LE = function readUInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+	  return ((this[offset]) |
+	      (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
+	      (this[offset + 2] << 16)) +
+	      (this[offset + 3] * 0x1000000)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readUInt32BE = function readUInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+	  return (this[offset] * 0x1000000) +
+	    ((this[offset + 1] << 16) |
+	    (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
+	    this[offset + 3])
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readIntLE = function readIntLE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+
+	  var val = this[offset]
+	  var mul = 1
+	  var i = 0
+	  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    val += this[offset + i] * mul
+	  }
+	  mul *= 0x80
+
+	  if (val >= mul) val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength)
+
+	  return val
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readIntBE = function readIntBE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
+
+	  var i = byteLength
+	  var mul = 1
+	  var val = this[offset + --i]
+	  while (i > 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    val += this[offset + --i] * mul
+	  }
+	  mul *= 0x80
+
+	  if (val >= mul) val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength)
+
+	  return val
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readInt8 = function readInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
+	  if (!(this[offset] & 0x80)) return (this[offset])
+	  return ((0xff - this[offset] + 1) * -1)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readInt16LE = function readInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+	  var val = this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
+	  return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readInt16BE = function readInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
+	  var val = this[offset + 1] | (this[offset] << 8)
+	  return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readInt32LE = function readInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+	  return (this[offset]) |
+	    (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
+	    (this[offset + 2] << 16) |
+	    (this[offset + 3] << 24)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readInt32BE = function readInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+
+	  return (this[offset] << 24) |
+	    (this[offset + 1] << 16) |
+	    (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
+	    (this[offset + 3])
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readFloatLE = function readFloatLE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+	  return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 23, 4)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readFloatBE = function readFloatBE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
+	  return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 23, 4)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readDoubleLE = function readDoubleLE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
+	  return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 52, 8)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.readDoubleBE = function readDoubleBE (offset, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
+	  return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 52, 8)
+	}
+
+	function checkInt (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
+	  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) throw new TypeError('"buffer" argument must be a Buffer instance')
+	  if (value > max || value < min) throw new RangeError('"value" argument is out of bounds')
+	  if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUIntLE = function writeUIntLE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1
+	    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0)
+	  }
+
+	  var mul = 1
+	  var i = 0
+	  this[offset] = value & 0xFF
+	  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  return offset + byteLength
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUIntBE = function writeUIntBE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  byteLength = byteLength | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1
+	    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0)
+	  }
+
+	  var i = byteLength - 1
+	  var mul = 1
+	  this[offset + i] = value & 0xFF
+	  while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  return offset + byteLength
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUInt8 = function writeUInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0xff, 0)
+	  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
+	  this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+	  return offset + 1
+	}
+
+	function objectWriteUInt16 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
+	  if (value < 0) value = 0xffff + value + 1
+	  for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 2); i < j; ++i) {
+	    buf[offset + i] = (value & (0xff << (8 * (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i)))) >>>
+	      (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i) * 8
+	  }
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16LE = function writeUInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 2
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16BE = function writeUInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value & 0xff)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 2
+	}
+
+	function objectWriteUInt32 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
+	  if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
+	  for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 4); i < j; ++i) {
+	    buf[offset + i] = (value >>> (littleEndian ? i : 3 - i) * 8) & 0xff
+	  }
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32LE = function writeUInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
+	    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+	    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 4
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32BE = function writeUInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
+	    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
+	    this[offset + 3] = (value & 0xff)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 4
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeIntLE = function writeIntLE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1)
+
+	    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit)
+	  }
+
+	  var i = 0
+	  var mul = 1
+	  var sub = 0
+	  this[offset] = value & 0xFF
+	  while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i - 1] !== 0) {
+	      sub = 1
+	    }
+	    this[offset + i] = ((value / mul) >> 0) - sub & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  return offset + byteLength
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeIntBE = function writeIntBE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1)
+
+	    checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit)
+	  }
+
+	  var i = byteLength - 1
+	  var mul = 1
+	  var sub = 0
+	  this[offset + i] = value & 0xFF
+	  while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+	    if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i + 1] !== 0) {
+	      sub = 1
+	    }
+	    this[offset + i] = ((value / mul) >> 0) - sub & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  return offset + byteLength
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeInt8 = function writeInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0x7f, -0x80)
+	  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
+	  if (value < 0) value = 0xff + value + 1
+	  this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+	  return offset + 1
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeInt16LE = function writeInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 2
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeInt16BE = function writeInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value & 0xff)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 2
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeInt32LE = function writeInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
+	    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
+	    this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 4
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeInt32BE = function writeInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  value = +value
+	  offset = offset | 0
+	  if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
+	  if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
+	  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
+	    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
+	    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
+	    this[offset + 3] = (value & 0xff)
+	  } else {
+	    objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
+	  }
+	  return offset + 4
+	}
+
+	function checkIEEE754 (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
+	  if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
+	  if (offset < 0) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
+	}
+
+	function writeFloat (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 4, 3.4028234663852886e+38, -3.4028234663852886e+38)
+	  }
+	  ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 23, 4)
+	  return offset + 4
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeFloatLE = function writeFloatLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  return writeFloat(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeFloatBE = function writeFloatBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  return writeFloat(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
+	}
+
+	function writeDouble (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+	  if (!noAssert) {
+	    checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 8, 1.7976931348623157E+308, -1.7976931348623157E+308)
+	  }
+	  ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 52, 8)
+	  return offset + 8
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleLE = function writeDoubleLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  return writeDouble(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
+	}
+
+	Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleBE = function writeDoubleBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
+	  return writeDouble(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
+	}
+
+	// copy(targetBuffer, targetStart=0, sourceStart=0, sourceEnd=buffer.length)
+	Buffer.prototype.copy = function copy (target, targetStart, start, end) {
+	  if (!start) start = 0
+	  if (!end && end !== 0) end = this.length
+	  if (targetStart >= target.length) targetStart = target.length
+	  if (!targetStart) targetStart = 0
+	  if (end > 0 && end < start) end = start
+
+	  // Copy 0 bytes; we're done
+	  if (end === start) return 0
+	  if (target.length === 0 || this.length === 0) return 0
+
+	  // Fatal error conditions
+	  if (targetStart < 0) {
+	    throw new RangeError('targetStart out of bounds')
+	  }
+	  if (start < 0 || start >= this.length) throw new RangeError('sourceStart out of bounds')
+	  if (end < 0) throw new RangeError('sourceEnd out of bounds')
+
+	  // Are we oob?
+	  if (end > this.length) end = this.length
+	  if (target.length - targetStart < end - start) {
+	    end = target.length - targetStart + start
+	  }
+
+	  var len = end - start
+	  var i
+
+	  if (this === target && start < targetStart && targetStart < end) {
+	    // descending copy from end
+	    for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+	      target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start]
+	    }
+	  } else if (len < 1000 || !Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
+	    // ascending copy from start
+	    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+	      target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start]
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    Uint8Array.prototype.set.call(
+	      target,
+	      this.subarray(start, start + len),
+	      targetStart
+	    )
+	  }
+
+	  return len
+	}
+
+	// Usage:
+	//    buffer.fill(number[, offset[, end]])
+	//    buffer.fill(buffer[, offset[, end]])
+	//    buffer.fill(string[, offset[, end]][, encoding])
+	Buffer.prototype.fill = function fill (val, start, end, encoding) {
+	  // Handle string cases:
+	  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+	    if (typeof start === 'string') {
+	      encoding = start
+	      start = 0
+	      end = this.length
+	    } else if (typeof end === 'string') {
+	      encoding = end
+	      end = this.length
+	    }
+	    if (val.length === 1) {
+	      var code = val.charCodeAt(0)
+	      if (code < 256) {
+	        val = code
+	      }
+	    }
+	    if (encoding !== undefined && typeof encoding !== 'string') {
+	      throw new TypeError('encoding must be a string')
+	    }
+	    if (typeof encoding === 'string' && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
+	      throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
+	    }
+	  } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
+	    val = val & 255
+	  }
+
+	  // Invalid ranges are not set to a default, so can range check early.
+	  if (start < 0 || this.length < start || this.length < end) {
+	    throw new RangeError('Out of range index')
+	  }
+
+	  if (end <= start) {
+	    return this
+	  }
+
+	  start = start >>> 0
+	  end = end === undefined ? this.length : end >>> 0
+
+	  if (!val) val = 0
+
+	  var i
+	  if (typeof val === 'number') {
+	    for (i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+	      this[i] = val
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    var bytes = Buffer.isBuffer(val)
+	      ? val
+	      : utf8ToBytes(new Buffer(val, encoding).toString())
+	    var len = bytes.length
+	    for (i = 0; i < end - start; ++i) {
+	      this[i + start] = bytes[i % len]
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return this
+	}
+
+	// HELPER FUNCTIONS
+	// ================
+
+	var INVALID_BASE64_RE = /[^+\/0-9A-Za-z-_]/g
+
+	function base64clean (str) {
+	  // Node strips out invalid characters like \n and \t from the string, base64-js does not
+	  str = stringtrim(str).replace(INVALID_BASE64_RE, '')
+	  // Node converts strings with length < 2 to ''
+	  if (str.length < 2) return ''
+	  // Node allows for non-padded base64 strings (missing trailing ===), base64-js does not
+	  while (str.length % 4 !== 0) {
+	    str = str + '='
+	  }
+	  return str
+	}
+
+	function stringtrim (str) {
+	  if (str.trim) return str.trim()
+	  return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '')
+	}
+
+	function toHex (n) {
+	  if (n < 16) return '0' + n.toString(16)
+	  return n.toString(16)
+	}
+
+	function utf8ToBytes (string, units) {
+	  units = units || Infinity
+	  var codePoint
+	  var length = string.length
+	  var leadSurrogate = null
+	  var bytes = []
+
+	  for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+	    codePoint = string.charCodeAt(i)
+
+	    // is surrogate component
+	    if (codePoint > 0xD7FF && codePoint < 0xE000) {
+	      // last char was a lead
+	      if (!leadSurrogate) {
+	        // no lead yet
+	        if (codePoint > 0xDBFF) {
+	          // unexpected trail
+	          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+	          continue
+	        } else if (i + 1 === length) {
+	          // unpaired lead
+	          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+	          continue
+	        }
+
+	        // valid lead
+	        leadSurrogate = codePoint
+
+	        continue
+	      }
+
+	      // 2 leads in a row
+	      if (codePoint < 0xDC00) {
+	        if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+	        leadSurrogate = codePoint
+	        continue
+	      }
+
+	      // valid surrogate pair
+	      codePoint = (leadSurrogate - 0xD800 << 10 | codePoint - 0xDC00) + 0x10000
+	    } else if (leadSurrogate) {
+	      // valid bmp char, but last char was a lead
+	      if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
+	    }
+
+	    leadSurrogate = null
+
+	    // encode utf8
+	    if (codePoint < 0x80) {
+	      if ((units -= 1) < 0) break
+	      bytes.push(codePoint)
+	    } else if (codePoint < 0x800) {
+	      if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
+	      bytes.push(
+	        codePoint >> 0x6 | 0xC0,
+	        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
+	      )
+	    } else if (codePoint < 0x10000) {
+	      if ((units -= 3) < 0) break
+	      bytes.push(
+	        codePoint >> 0xC | 0xE0,
+	        codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
+	        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
+	      )
+	    } else if (codePoint < 0x110000) {
+	      if ((units -= 4) < 0) break
+	      bytes.push(
+	        codePoint >> 0x12 | 0xF0,
+	        codePoint >> 0xC & 0x3F | 0x80,
+	        codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
+	        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
+	      )
+	    } else {
+	      throw new Error('Invalid code point')
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return bytes
+	}
+
+	function asciiToBytes (str) {
+	  var byteArray = []
+	  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
+	    // Node's code seems to be doing this and not & 0x7F..
+	    byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF)
+	  }
+	  return byteArray
+	}
+
+	function utf16leToBytes (str, units) {
+	  var c, hi, lo
+	  var byteArray = []
+	  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
+	    if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
+
+	    c = str.charCodeAt(i)
+	    hi = c >> 8
+	    lo = c % 256
+	    byteArray.push(lo)
+	    byteArray.push(hi)
+	  }
+
+	  return byteArray
+	}
+
+	function base64ToBytes (str) {
+	  return base64.toByteArray(base64clean(str))
+	}
+
+	function blitBuffer (src, dst, offset, length) {
+	  for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+	    if ((i + offset >= dst.length) || (i >= src.length)) break
+	    dst[i + offset] = src[i]
+	  }
+	  return i
+	}
+
+	function isnan (val) {
+	  return val !== val // eslint-disable-line no-self-compare
+	}
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, (function() { return this; }())))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 340 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	'use strict'
+
+	exports.byteLength = byteLength
+	exports.toByteArray = toByteArray
+	exports.fromByteArray = fromByteArray
+
+	var lookup = []
+	var revLookup = []
+	var Arr = typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' ? Uint8Array : Array
+
+	var code = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
+	for (var i = 0, len = code.length; i < len; ++i) {
+	  lookup[i] = code[i]
+	  revLookup[code.charCodeAt(i)] = i
+	}
+
+	// Support decoding URL-safe base64 strings, as Node.js does.
+	// See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64#URL_applications
+	revLookup['-'.charCodeAt(0)] = 62
+	revLookup['_'.charCodeAt(0)] = 63
+
+	function getLens (b64) {
+	  var len = b64.length
+
+	  if (len % 4 > 0) {
+	    throw new Error('Invalid string. Length must be a multiple of 4')
+	  }
+
+	  // Trim off extra bytes after placeholder bytes are found
+	  // See: https://github.com/beatgammit/base64-js/issues/42
+	  var validLen = b64.indexOf('=')
+	  if (validLen === -1) validLen = len
+
+	  var placeHoldersLen = validLen === len
+	    ? 0
+	    : 4 - (validLen % 4)
+
+	  return [validLen, placeHoldersLen]
+	}
+
+	// base64 is 4/3 + up to two characters of the original data
+	function byteLength (b64) {
+	  var lens = getLens(b64)
+	  var validLen = lens[0]
+	  var placeHoldersLen = lens[1]
+	  return ((validLen + placeHoldersLen) * 3 / 4) - placeHoldersLen
+	}
+
+	function _byteLength (b64, validLen, placeHoldersLen) {
+	  return ((validLen + placeHoldersLen) * 3 / 4) - placeHoldersLen
+	}
+
+	function toByteArray (b64) {
+	  var tmp
+	  var lens = getLens(b64)
+	  var validLen = lens[0]
+	  var placeHoldersLen = lens[1]
+
+	  var arr = new Arr(_byteLength(b64, validLen, placeHoldersLen))
+
+	  var curByte = 0
+
+	  // if there are placeholders, only get up to the last complete 4 chars
+	  var len = placeHoldersLen > 0
+	    ? validLen - 4
+	    : validLen
+
+	  var i
+	  for (i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
+	    tmp =
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i)] << 18) |
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i + 1)] << 12) |
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i + 2)] << 6) |
+	      revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i + 3)]
+	    arr[curByte++] = (tmp >> 16) & 0xFF
+	    arr[curByte++] = (tmp >> 8) & 0xFF
+	    arr[curByte++] = tmp & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  if (placeHoldersLen === 2) {
+	    tmp =
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i)] << 2) |
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i + 1)] >> 4)
+	    arr[curByte++] = tmp & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  if (placeHoldersLen === 1) {
+	    tmp =
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i)] << 10) |
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i + 1)] << 4) |
+	      (revLookup[b64.charCodeAt(i + 2)] >> 2)
+	    arr[curByte++] = (tmp >> 8) & 0xFF
+	    arr[curByte++] = tmp & 0xFF
+	  }
+
+	  return arr
+	}
+
+	function tripletToBase64 (num) {
+	  return lookup[num >> 18 & 0x3F] +
+	    lookup[num >> 12 & 0x3F] +
+	    lookup[num >> 6 & 0x3F] +
+	    lookup[num & 0x3F]
+	}
+
+	function encodeChunk (uint8, start, end) {
+	  var tmp
+	  var output = []
+	  for (var i = start; i < end; i += 3) {
+	    tmp =
+	      ((uint8[i] << 16) & 0xFF0000) +
+	      ((uint8[i + 1] << 8) & 0xFF00) +
+	      (uint8[i + 2] & 0xFF)
+	    output.push(tripletToBase64(tmp))
+	  }
+	  return output.join('')
+	}
+
+	function fromByteArray (uint8) {
+	  var tmp
+	  var len = uint8.length
+	  var extraBytes = len % 3 // if we have 1 byte left, pad 2 bytes
+	  var parts = []
+	  var maxChunkLength = 16383 // must be multiple of 3
+
+	  // go through the array every three bytes, we'll deal with trailing stuff later
+	  for (var i = 0, len2 = len - extraBytes; i < len2; i += maxChunkLength) {
+	    parts.push(encodeChunk(
+	      uint8, i, (i + maxChunkLength) > len2 ? len2 : (i + maxChunkLength)
+	    ))
+	  }
+
+	  // pad the end with zeros, but make sure to not forget the extra bytes
+	  if (extraBytes === 1) {
+	    tmp = uint8[len - 1]
+	    parts.push(
+	      lookup[tmp >> 2] +
+	      lookup[(tmp << 4) & 0x3F] +
+	      '=='
+	    )
+	  } else if (extraBytes === 2) {
+	    tmp = (uint8[len - 2] << 8) + uint8[len - 1]
+	    parts.push(
+	      lookup[tmp >> 10] +
+	      lookup[(tmp >> 4) & 0x3F] +
+	      lookup[(tmp << 2) & 0x3F] +
+	      '='
+	    )
+	  }
+
+	  return parts.join('')
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 341 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	exports.read = function (buffer, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
+	  var e, m
+	  var eLen = (nBytes * 8) - mLen - 1
+	  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1
+	  var eBias = eMax >> 1
+	  var nBits = -7
+	  var i = isLE ? (nBytes - 1) : 0
+	  var d = isLE ? -1 : 1
+	  var s = buffer[offset + i]
+
+	  i += d
+
+	  e = s & ((1 << (-nBits)) - 1)
+	  s >>= (-nBits)
+	  nBits += eLen
+	  for (; nBits > 0; e = (e * 256) + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8) {}
+
+	  m = e & ((1 << (-nBits)) - 1)
+	  e >>= (-nBits)
+	  nBits += mLen
+	  for (; nBits > 0; m = (m * 256) + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8) {}
+
+	  if (e === 0) {
+	    e = 1 - eBias
+	  } else if (e === eMax) {
+	    return m ? NaN : ((s ? -1 : 1) * Infinity)
+	  } else {
+	    m = m + Math.pow(2, mLen)
+	    e = e - eBias
+	  }
+	  return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * Math.pow(2, e - mLen)
+	}
+
+	exports.write = function (buffer, value, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
+	  var e, m, c
+	  var eLen = (nBytes * 8) - mLen - 1
+	  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1
+	  var eBias = eMax >> 1
+	  var rt = (mLen === 23 ? Math.pow(2, -24) - Math.pow(2, -77) : 0)
+	  var i = isLE ? 0 : (nBytes - 1)
+	  var d = isLE ? 1 : -1
+	  var s = value < 0 || (value === 0 && 1 / value < 0) ? 1 : 0
+
+	  value = Math.abs(value)
+
+	  if (isNaN(value) || value === Infinity) {
+	    m = isNaN(value) ? 1 : 0
+	    e = eMax
+	  } else {
+	    e = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2)
+	    if (value * (c = Math.pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
+	      e--
+	      c *= 2
+	    }
+	    if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+	      value += rt / c
+	    } else {
+	      value += rt * Math.pow(2, 1 - eBias)
+	    }
+	    if (value * c >= 2) {
+	      e++
+	      c /= 2
+	    }
+
+	    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
+	      m = 0
+	      e = eMax
+	    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+	      m = ((value * c) - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen)
+	      e = e + eBias
+	    } else {
+	      m = value * Math.pow(2, eBias - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen)
+	      e = 0
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[offset + i] = m & 0xff, i += d, m /= 256, mLen -= 8) {}
+
+	  e = (e << mLen) | m
+	  eLen += mLen
+	  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[offset + i] = e & 0xff, i += d, e /= 256, eLen -= 8) {}
+
+	  buffer[offset + i - d] |= s * 128
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 342 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	var toString = {}.toString;
+
+	module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+	  return toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+	};
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 343 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// shim for using process in browser
+	var process = module.exports = {};
+
+	// cached from whatever global is present so that test runners that stub it
+	// don't break things.  But we need to wrap it in a try catch in case it is
+	// wrapped in strict mode code which doesn't define any globals.  It's inside a
+	// function because try/catches deoptimize in certain engines.
+
+	var cachedSetTimeout;
+	var cachedClearTimeout;
+
+	function defaultSetTimout() {
+	    throw new Error('setTimeout has not been defined');
+	}
+	function defaultClearTimeout () {
+	    throw new Error('clearTimeout has not been defined');
+	}
+	(function () {
+	    try {
+	        if (typeof setTimeout === 'function') {
+	            cachedSetTimeout = setTimeout;
+	        } else {
+	            cachedSetTimeout = defaultSetTimout;
+	        }
+	    } catch (e) {
+	        cachedSetTimeout = defaultSetTimout;
+	    }
+	    try {
+	        if (typeof clearTimeout === 'function') {
+	            cachedClearTimeout = clearTimeout;
+	        } else {
+	            cachedClearTimeout = defaultClearTimeout;
+	        }
+	    } catch (e) {
+	        cachedClearTimeout = defaultClearTimeout;
+	    }
+	} ())
+	function runTimeout(fun) {
+	    if (cachedSetTimeout === setTimeout) {
+	        //normal enviroments in sane situations
+	        return setTimeout(fun, 0);
+	    }
+	    // if setTimeout wasn't available but was latter defined
+	    if ((cachedSetTimeout === defaultSetTimout || !cachedSetTimeout) && setTimeout) {
+	        cachedSetTimeout = setTimeout;
+	        return setTimeout(fun, 0);
+	    }
+	    try {
+	        // when when somebody has screwed with setTimeout but no I.E. maddness
+	        return cachedSetTimeout(fun, 0);
+	    } catch(e){
+	        try {
+	            // When we are in I.E. but the script has been evaled so I.E. doesn't trust the global object when called normally
+	            return cachedSetTimeout.call(null, fun, 0);
+	        } catch(e){
+	            // same as above but when it's a version of I.E. that must have the global object for 'this', hopfully our context correct otherwise it will throw a global error
+	            return cachedSetTimeout.call(this, fun, 0);
+	        }
+	    }
+
+
+	}
+	function runClearTimeout(marker) {
+	    if (cachedClearTimeout === clearTimeout) {
+	        //normal enviroments in sane situations
+	        return clearTimeout(marker);
+	    }
+	    // if clearTimeout wasn't available but was latter defined
+	    if ((cachedClearTimeout === defaultClearTimeout || !cachedClearTimeout) && clearTimeout) {
+	        cachedClearTimeout = clearTimeout;
+	        return clearTimeout(marker);
+	    }
+	    try {
+	        // when when somebody has screwed with setTimeout but no I.E. maddness
+	        return cachedClearTimeout(marker);
+	    } catch (e){
+	        try {
+	            // When we are in I.E. but the script has been evaled so I.E. doesn't  trust the global object when called normally
+	            return cachedClearTimeout.call(null, marker);
+	        } catch (e){
+	            // same as above but when it's a version of I.E. that must have the global object for 'this', hopfully our context correct otherwise it will throw a global error.
+	            // Some versions of I.E. have different rules for clearTimeout vs setTimeout
+	            return cachedClearTimeout.call(this, marker);
+	        }
+	    }
+
+
+
+	}
+	var queue = [];
+	var draining = false;
+	var currentQueue;
+	var queueIndex = -1;
+
+	function cleanUpNextTick() {
+	    if (!draining || !currentQueue) {
+	        return;
+	    }
+	    draining = false;
+	    if (currentQueue.length) {
+	        queue = currentQueue.concat(queue);
+	    } else {
+	        queueIndex = -1;
+	    }
+	    if (queue.length) {
+	        drainQueue();
+	    }
+	}
+
+	function drainQueue() {
+	    if (draining) {
+	        return;
+	    }
+	    var timeout = runTimeout(cleanUpNextTick);
+	    draining = true;
+
+	    var len = queue.length;
+	    while(len) {
+	        currentQueue = queue;
+	        queue = [];
+	        while (++queueIndex < len) {
+	            if (currentQueue) {
+	                currentQueue[queueIndex].run();
+	            }
+	        }
+	        queueIndex = -1;
+	        len = queue.length;
+	    }
+	    currentQueue = null;
+	    draining = false;
+	    runClearTimeout(timeout);
+	}
+
+	process.nextTick = function (fun) {
+	    var args = new Array(arguments.length - 1);
+	    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+	        for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+	            args[i - 1] = arguments[i];
+	        }
+	    }
+	    queue.push(new Item(fun, args));
+	    if (queue.length === 1 && !draining) {
+	        runTimeout(drainQueue);
+	    }
+	};
+
+	// v8 likes predictible objects
+	function Item(fun, array) {
+	    this.fun = fun;
+	    this.array = array;
+	}
+	Item.prototype.run = function () {
+	    this.fun.apply(null, this.array);
+	};
+	process.title = 'browser';
+	process.browser = true;
+	process.env = {};
+	process.argv = [];
+	process.version = ''; // empty string to avoid regexp issues
+	process.versions = {};
+
+	function noop() {}
+
+	process.on = noop;
+	process.addListener = noop;
+	process.once = noop;
+	process.off = noop;
+	process.removeListener = noop;
+	process.removeAllListeners = noop;
+	process.emit = noop;
+	process.prependListener = noop;
+	process.prependOnceListener = noop;
+
+	process.listeners = function (name) { return [] }
+
+	process.binding = function (name) {
+	    throw new Error('process.binding is not supported');
+	};
+
+	process.cwd = function () { return '/' };
+	process.chdir = function (dir) {
+	    throw new Error('process.chdir is not supported');
+	};
+	process.umask = function() { return 0; };
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 344 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(Buffer) {'use strict';
+
+	/**
+	 * Normalizes our expected stringified form of a function across versions of node
+	 * @param {Function} fn The function to stringify
+	 */
+
+	function normalizedFunctionString(fn) {
+	  return fn.toString().replace(/function *\(/, 'function (');
+	}
+
+	function newBuffer(item, encoding) {
+	  return new Buffer(item, encoding);
+	}
+
+	function allocBuffer() {
+	  return Buffer.alloc.apply(Buffer, arguments);
+	}
+
+	function toBuffer() {
+	  return Buffer.from.apply(Buffer, arguments);
+	}
+
+	module.exports = {
+	  normalizedFunctionString: normalizedFunctionString,
+	  allocBuffer: typeof Buffer.alloc === 'function' ? allocBuffer : newBuffer,
+	  toBuffer: typeof Buffer.from === 'function' ? toBuffer : newBuffer
+	};
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, __webpack_require__(339).Buffer))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 345 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(global, process) {// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+	//
+	// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+	// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+	// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+	// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+	// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+	// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+	// following conditions:
+	//
+	// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+	// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+	//
+	// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+	// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+	// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+	// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+	// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+	// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+	// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+	var formatRegExp = /%[sdj%]/g;
+	exports.format = function(f) {
+	  if (!isString(f)) {
+	    var objects = [];
+	    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+	      objects.push(inspect(arguments[i]));
+	    }
+	    return objects.join(' ');
+	  }
+
+	  var i = 1;
+	  var args = arguments;
+	  var len = args.length;
+	  var str = String(f).replace(formatRegExp, function(x) {
+	    if (x === '%%') return '%';
+	    if (i >= len) return x;
+	    switch (x) {
+	      case '%s': return String(args[i++]);
+	      case '%d': return Number(args[i++]);
+	      case '%j':
+	        try {
+	          return JSON.stringify(args[i++]);
+	        } catch (_) {
+	          return '[Circular]';
+	        }
+	      default:
+	        return x;
+	    }
+	  });
+	  for (var x = args[i]; i < len; x = args[++i]) {
+	    if (isNull(x) || !isObject(x)) {
+	      str += ' ' + x;
+	    } else {
+	      str += ' ' + inspect(x);
+	    }
+	  }
+	  return str;
+	};
+
+
+	// Mark that a method should not be used.
+	// Returns a modified function which warns once by default.
+	// If --no-deprecation is set, then it is a no-op.
+	exports.deprecate = function(fn, msg) {
+	  // Allow for deprecating things in the process of starting up.
+	  if (isUndefined(global.process)) {
+	    return function() {
+	      return exports.deprecate(fn, msg).apply(this, arguments);
+	    };
+	  }
+
+	  if (process.noDeprecation === true) {
+	    return fn;
+	  }
+
+	  var warned = false;
+	  function deprecated() {
+	    if (!warned) {
+	      if (process.throwDeprecation) {
+	        throw new Error(msg);
+	      } else if (process.traceDeprecation) {
+	        console.trace(msg);
+	      } else {
+	        console.error(msg);
+	      }
+	      warned = true;
+	    }
+	    return fn.apply(this, arguments);
+	  }
+
+	  return deprecated;
+	};
+
+
+	var debugs = {};
+	var debugEnviron;
+	exports.debuglog = function(set) {
+	  if (isUndefined(debugEnviron))
+	    debugEnviron = process.env.NODE_DEBUG || '';
+	  set = set.toUpperCase();
+	  if (!debugs[set]) {
+	    if (new RegExp('\\b' + set + '\\b', 'i').test(debugEnviron)) {
+	      var pid = process.pid;
+	      debugs[set] = function() {
+	        var msg = exports.format.apply(exports, arguments);
+	        console.error('%s %d: %s', set, pid, msg);
+	      };
+	    } else {
+	      debugs[set] = function() {};
+	    }
+	  }
+	  return debugs[set];
+	};
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Echos the value of a value. Trys to print the value out
+	 * in the best way possible given the different types.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Object} obj The object to print out.
+	 * @param {Object} opts Optional options object that alters the output.
+	 */
+	/* legacy: obj, showHidden, depth, colors*/
+	function inspect(obj, opts) {
+	  // default options
+	  var ctx = {
+	    seen: [],
+	    stylize: stylizeNoColor
+	  };
+	  // legacy...
+	  if (arguments.length >= 3) ctx.depth = arguments[2];
+	  if (arguments.length >= 4) ctx.colors = arguments[3];
+	  if (isBoolean(opts)) {
+	    // legacy...
+	    ctx.showHidden = opts;
+	  } else if (opts) {
+	    // got an "options" object
+	    exports._extend(ctx, opts);
+	  }
+	  // set default options
+	  if (isUndefined(ctx.showHidden)) ctx.showHidden = false;
+	  if (isUndefined(ctx.depth)) ctx.depth = 2;
+	  if (isUndefined(ctx.colors)) ctx.colors = false;
+	  if (isUndefined(ctx.customInspect)) ctx.customInspect = true;
+	  if (ctx.colors) ctx.stylize = stylizeWithColor;
+	  return formatValue(ctx, obj, ctx.depth);
+	}
+	exports.inspect = inspect;
+
+
+	// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#graphics
+	inspect.colors = {
+	  'bold' : [1, 22],
+	  'italic' : [3, 23],
+	  'underline' : [4, 24],
+	  'inverse' : [7, 27],
+	  'white' : [37, 39],
+	  'grey' : [90, 39],
+	  'black' : [30, 39],
+	  'blue' : [34, 39],
+	  'cyan' : [36, 39],
+	  'green' : [32, 39],
+	  'magenta' : [35, 39],
+	  'red' : [31, 39],
+	  'yellow' : [33, 39]
+	};
+
+	// Don't use 'blue' not visible on cmd.exe
+	inspect.styles = {
+	  'special': 'cyan',
+	  'number': 'yellow',
+	  'boolean': 'yellow',
+	  'undefined': 'grey',
+	  'null': 'bold',
+	  'string': 'green',
+	  'date': 'magenta',
+	  // "name": intentionally not styling
+	  'regexp': 'red'
+	};
+
+
+	function stylizeWithColor(str, styleType) {
+	  var style = inspect.styles[styleType];
+
+	  if (style) {
+	    return '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][0] + 'm' + str +
+	           '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][1] + 'm';
+	  } else {
+	    return str;
+	  }
+	}
+
+
+	function stylizeNoColor(str, styleType) {
+	  return str;
+	}
+
+
+	function arrayToHash(array) {
+	  var hash = {};
+
+	  array.forEach(function(val, idx) {
+	    hash[val] = true;
+	  });
+
+	  return hash;
+	}
+
+
+	function formatValue(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
+	  // Provide a hook for user-specified inspect functions.
+	  // Check that value is an object with an inspect function on it
+	  if (ctx.customInspect &&
+	      value &&
+	      isFunction(value.inspect) &&
+	      // Filter out the util module, it's inspect function is special
+	      value.inspect !== exports.inspect &&
+	      // Also filter out any prototype objects using the circular check.
+	      !(value.constructor && value.constructor.prototype === value)) {
+	    var ret = value.inspect(recurseTimes, ctx);
+	    if (!isString(ret)) {
+	      ret = formatValue(ctx, ret, recurseTimes);
+	    }
+	    return ret;
+	  }
+
+	  // Primitive types cannot have properties
+	  var primitive = formatPrimitive(ctx, value);
+	  if (primitive) {
+	    return primitive;
+	  }
+
+	  // Look up the keys of the object.
+	  var keys = Object.keys(value);
+	  var visibleKeys = arrayToHash(keys);
+
+	  if (ctx.showHidden) {
+	    keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(value);
+	  }
+
+	  // IE doesn't make error fields non-enumerable
+	  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dww52sbt(v=vs.94).aspx
+	  if (isError(value)
+	      && (keys.indexOf('message') >= 0 || keys.indexOf('description') >= 0)) {
+	    return formatError(value);
+	  }
+
+	  // Some type of object without properties can be shortcutted.
+	  if (keys.length === 0) {
+	    if (isFunction(value)) {
+	      var name = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : '';
+	      return ctx.stylize('[Function' + name + ']', 'special');
+	    }
+	    if (isRegExp(value)) {
+	      return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp');
+	    }
+	    if (isDate(value)) {
+	      return ctx.stylize(Date.prototype.toString.call(value), 'date');
+	    }
+	    if (isError(value)) {
+	      return formatError(value);
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var base = '', array = false, braces = ['{', '}'];
+
+	  // Make Array say that they are Array
+	  if (isArray(value)) {
+	    array = true;
+	    braces = ['[', ']'];
+	  }
+
+	  // Make functions say that they are functions
+	  if (isFunction(value)) {
+	    var n = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : '';
+	    base = ' [Function' + n + ']';
+	  }
+
+	  // Make RegExps say that they are RegExps
+	  if (isRegExp(value)) {
+	    base = ' ' + RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value);
+	  }
+
+	  // Make dates with properties first say the date
+	  if (isDate(value)) {
+	    base = ' ' + Date.prototype.toUTCString.call(value);
+	  }
+
+	  // Make error with message first say the error
+	  if (isError(value)) {
+	    base = ' ' + formatError(value);
+	  }
+
+	  if (keys.length === 0 && (!array || value.length == 0)) {
+	    return braces[0] + base + braces[1];
+	  }
+
+	  if (recurseTimes < 0) {
+	    if (isRegExp(value)) {
+	      return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp');
+	    } else {
+	      return ctx.stylize('[Object]', 'special');
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  ctx.seen.push(value);
+
+	  var output;
+	  if (array) {
+	    output = formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys);
+	  } else {
+	    output = keys.map(function(key) {
+	      return formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array);
+	    });
+	  }
+
+	  ctx.seen.pop();
+
+	  return reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces);
+	}
+
+
+	function formatPrimitive(ctx, value) {
+	  if (isUndefined(value))
+	    return ctx.stylize('undefined', 'undefined');
+	  if (isString(value)) {
+	    var simple = '\'' + JSON.stringify(value).replace(/^"|"$/g, '')
+	                                             .replace(/'/g, "\\'")
+	                                             .replace(/\\"/g, '"') + '\'';
+	    return ctx.stylize(simple, 'string');
+	  }
+	  if (isNumber(value))
+	    return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'number');
+	  if (isBoolean(value))
+	    return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'boolean');
+	  // For some reason typeof null is "object", so special case here.
+	  if (isNull(value))
+	    return ctx.stylize('null', 'null');
+	}
+
+
+	function formatError(value) {
+	  return '[' + Error.prototype.toString.call(value) + ']';
+	}
+
+
+	function formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys) {
+	  var output = [];
+	  for (var i = 0, l = value.length; i < l; ++i) {
+	    if (hasOwnProperty(value, String(i))) {
+	      output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys,
+	          String(i), true));
+	    } else {
+	      output.push('');
+	    }
+	  }
+	  keys.forEach(function(key) {
+	    if (!key.match(/^\d+$/)) {
+	      output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys,
+	          key, true));
+	    }
+	  });
+	  return output;
+	}
+
+
+	function formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array) {
+	  var name, str, desc;
+	  desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, key) || { value: value[key] };
+	  if (desc.get) {
+	    if (desc.set) {
+	      str = ctx.stylize('[Getter/Setter]', 'special');
+	    } else {
+	      str = ctx.stylize('[Getter]', 'special');
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    if (desc.set) {
+	      str = ctx.stylize('[Setter]', 'special');
+	    }
+	  }
+	  if (!hasOwnProperty(visibleKeys, key)) {
+	    name = '[' + key + ']';
+	  }
+	  if (!str) {
+	    if (ctx.seen.indexOf(desc.value) < 0) {
+	      if (isNull(recurseTimes)) {
+	        str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, null);
+	      } else {
+	        str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, recurseTimes - 1);
+	      }
+	      if (str.indexOf('\n') > -1) {
+	        if (array) {
+	          str = str.split('\n').map(function(line) {
+	            return '  ' + line;
+	          }).join('\n').substr(2);
+	        } else {
+	          str = '\n' + str.split('\n').map(function(line) {
+	            return '   ' + line;
+	          }).join('\n');
+	        }
+	      }
+	    } else {
+	      str = ctx.stylize('[Circular]', 'special');
+	    }
+	  }
+	  if (isUndefined(name)) {
+	    if (array && key.match(/^\d+$/)) {
+	      return str;
+	    }
+	    name = JSON.stringify('' + key);
+	    if (name.match(/^"([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)"$/)) {
+	      name = name.substr(1, name.length - 2);
+	      name = ctx.stylize(name, 'name');
+	    } else {
+	      name = name.replace(/'/g, "\\'")
+	                 .replace(/\\"/g, '"')
+	                 .replace(/(^"|"$)/g, "'");
+	      name = ctx.stylize(name, 'string');
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return name + ': ' + str;
+	}
+
+
+	function reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces) {
+	  var numLinesEst = 0;
+	  var length = output.reduce(function(prev, cur) {
+	    numLinesEst++;
+	    if (cur.indexOf('\n') >= 0) numLinesEst++;
+	    return prev + cur.replace(/\u001b\[\d\d?m/g, '').length + 1;
+	  }, 0);
+
+	  if (length > 60) {
+	    return braces[0] +
+	           (base === '' ? '' : base + '\n ') +
+	           ' ' +
+	           output.join(',\n  ') +
+	           ' ' +
+	           braces[1];
+	  }
+
+	  return braces[0] + base + ' ' + output.join(', ') + ' ' + braces[1];
+	}
+
+
+	// NOTE: These type checking functions intentionally don't use `instanceof`
+	// because it is fragile and can be easily faked with `Object.create()`.
+	function isArray(ar) {
+	  return Array.isArray(ar);
+	}
+	exports.isArray = isArray;
+
+	function isBoolean(arg) {
+	  return typeof arg === 'boolean';
+	}
+	exports.isBoolean = isBoolean;
+
+	function isNull(arg) {
+	  return arg === null;
+	}
+	exports.isNull = isNull;
+
+	function isNullOrUndefined(arg) {
+	  return arg == null;
+	}
+	exports.isNullOrUndefined = isNullOrUndefined;
+
+	function isNumber(arg) {
+	  return typeof arg === 'number';
+	}
+	exports.isNumber = isNumber;
+
+	function isString(arg) {
+	  return typeof arg === 'string';
+	}
+	exports.isString = isString;
+
+	function isSymbol(arg) {
+	  return typeof arg === 'symbol';
+	}
+	exports.isSymbol = isSymbol;
+
+	function isUndefined(arg) {
+	  return arg === void 0;
+	}
+	exports.isUndefined = isUndefined;
+
+	function isRegExp(re) {
+	  return isObject(re) && objectToString(re) === '[object RegExp]';
+	}
+	exports.isRegExp = isRegExp;
+
+	function isObject(arg) {
+	  return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null;
+	}
+	exports.isObject = isObject;
+
+	function isDate(d) {
+	  return isObject(d) && objectToString(d) === '[object Date]';
+	}
+	exports.isDate = isDate;
+
+	function isError(e) {
+	  return isObject(e) &&
+	      (objectToString(e) === '[object Error]' || e instanceof Error);
+	}
+	exports.isError = isError;
+
+	function isFunction(arg) {
+	  return typeof arg === 'function';
+	}
+	exports.isFunction = isFunction;
+
+	function isPrimitive(arg) {
+	  return arg === null ||
+	         typeof arg === 'boolean' ||
+	         typeof arg === 'number' ||
+	         typeof arg === 'string' ||
+	         typeof arg === 'symbol' ||  // ES6 symbol
+	         typeof arg === 'undefined';
+	}
+	exports.isPrimitive = isPrimitive;
+
+	exports.isBuffer = __webpack_require__(346);
+
+	function objectToString(o) {
+	  return Object.prototype.toString.call(o);
+	}
+
+
+	function pad(n) {
+	  return n < 10 ? '0' + n.toString(10) : n.toString(10);
+	}
+
+
+	var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep',
+	              'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];
+
+	// 26 Feb 16:19:34
+	function timestamp() {
+	  var d = new Date();
+	  var time = [pad(d.getHours()),
+	              pad(d.getMinutes()),
+	              pad(d.getSeconds())].join(':');
+	  return [d.getDate(), months[d.getMonth()], time].join(' ');
+	}
+
+
+	// log is just a thin wrapper to console.log that prepends a timestamp
+	exports.log = function() {
+	  console.log('%s - %s', timestamp(), exports.format.apply(exports, arguments));
+	};
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another.
+	 *
+	 * The Function.prototype.inherits from lang.js rewritten as a standalone
+	 * function (not on Function.prototype). NOTE: If this file is to be loaded
+	 * during bootstrapping this function needs to be rewritten using some native
+	 * functions as prototype setup using normal JavaScript does not work as
+	 * expected during bootstrapping (see mirror.js in r114903).
+	 *
+	 * @param {function} ctor Constructor function which needs to inherit the
+	 *     prototype.
+	 * @param {function} superCtor Constructor function to inherit prototype from.
+	 */
+	exports.inherits = __webpack_require__(347);
+
+	exports._extend = function(origin, add) {
+	  // Don't do anything if add isn't an object
+	  if (!add || !isObject(add)) return origin;
+
+	  var keys = Object.keys(add);
+	  var i = keys.length;
+	  while (i--) {
+	    origin[keys[i]] = add[keys[i]];
+	  }
+	  return origin;
+	};
+
+	function hasOwnProperty(obj, prop) {
+	  return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);
+	}
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, (function() { return this; }()), __webpack_require__(343)))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 346 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	module.exports = function isBuffer(arg) {
+	  return arg && typeof arg === 'object'
+	    && typeof arg.copy === 'function'
+	    && typeof arg.fill === 'function'
+	    && typeof arg.readUInt8 === 'function';
+	}
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 347 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	if (typeof Object.create === 'function') {
+	  // implementation from standard node.js 'util' module
+	  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
+	    ctor.super_ = superCtor
+	    ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, {
+	      constructor: {
+	        value: ctor,
+	        enumerable: false,
+	        writable: true,
+	        configurable: true
+	      }
+	    });
+	  };
+	} else {
+	  // old school shim for old browsers
+	  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
+	    ctor.super_ = superCtor
+	    var TempCtor = function () {}
+	    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype
+	    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor()
+	    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor
+	  }
+	}
+
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 348 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON RegExp type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @return {BSONRegExp} A MinKey instance
+	 */
+	function BSONRegExp(pattern, options) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof BSONRegExp)) return new BSONRegExp();
+
+	  // Execute
+	  this._bsontype = 'BSONRegExp';
+	  this.pattern = pattern || '';
+	  this.options = options || '';
+
+	  // Validate options
+	  for (var i = 0; i < this.options.length; i++) {
+	    if (!(this.options[i] === 'i' || this.options[i] === 'm' || this.options[i] === 'x' || this.options[i] === 'l' || this.options[i] === 's' || this.options[i] === 'u')) {
+	      throw new Error('the regular expression options [' + this.options[i] + '] is not supported');
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+
+	module.exports = BSONRegExp;
+	module.exports.BSONRegExp = BSONRegExp;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 349 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(Buffer) {// Custom inspect property name / symbol.
+	var inspect = Buffer ? __webpack_require__(345).inspect.custom || 'inspect' : 'inspect';
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON Symbol type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @deprecated
+	 * @param {string} value the string representing the symbol.
+	 * @return {Symbol}
+	 */
+	function Symbol(value) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Symbol)) return new Symbol(value);
+	  this._bsontype = 'Symbol';
+	  this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Access the wrapped string value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {String} returns the wrapped string.
+	 */
+	Symbol.prototype.valueOf = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Symbol.prototype.toString = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Symbol.prototype[inspect] = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Symbol.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Symbol;
+	module.exports.Symbol = Symbol;
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, __webpack_require__(339).Buffer))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 350 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of a BSON Int32 type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {number} value the number we want to represent as an int32.
+	 * @return {Int32}
+	 */
+	var Int32 = function (value) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Int32)) return new Int32(value);
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'Int32';
+	  this.value = value;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Access the number value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} returns the wrapped int32 number.
+	 */
+	Int32.prototype.valueOf = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Int32.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.value;
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Int32;
+	module.exports.Int32 = Int32;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 351 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON Code type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {(string|function)} code a string or function.
+	 * @param {Object} [scope] an optional scope for the function.
+	 * @return {Code}
+	 */
+	var Code = function Code(code, scope) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Code)) return new Code(code, scope);
+	  this._bsontype = 'Code';
+	  this.code = code;
+	  this.scope = scope;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Code.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return { scope: this.scope, code: this.code };
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Code;
+	module.exports.Code = Code;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 352 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var Long = __webpack_require__(335);
+
+	var PARSE_STRING_REGEXP = /^(\+|-)?(\d+|(\d*\.\d*))?(E|e)?([-+])?(\d+)?$/;
+	var PARSE_INF_REGEXP = /^(\+|-)?(Infinity|inf)$/i;
+	var PARSE_NAN_REGEXP = /^(\+|-)?NaN$/i;
+
+	var EXPONENT_MAX = 6111;
+	var EXPONENT_MIN = -6176;
+	var EXPONENT_BIAS = 6176;
+	var MAX_DIGITS = 34;
+
+	// Nan value bits as 32 bit values (due to lack of longs)
+	var NAN_BUFFER = [0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00].reverse();
+	// Infinity value bits 32 bit values (due to lack of longs)
+	var INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER = [0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00].reverse();
+	var INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER = [0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00].reverse();
+
+	var EXPONENT_REGEX = /^([-+])?(\d+)?$/;
+
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(344);
+
+	// Detect if the value is a digit
+	var isDigit = function (value) {
+	  return !isNaN(parseInt(value, 10));
+	};
+
+	// Divide two uint128 values
+	var divideu128 = function (value) {
+	  var DIVISOR = Long.fromNumber(1000 * 1000 * 1000);
+	  var _rem = Long.fromNumber(0);
+	  var i = 0;
+
+	  if (!value.parts[0] && !value.parts[1] && !value.parts[2] && !value.parts[3]) {
+	    return { quotient: value, rem: _rem };
+	  }
+
+	  for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
+	    // Adjust remainder to match value of next dividend
+	    _rem = _rem.shiftLeft(32);
+	    // Add the divided to _rem
+	    _rem = _rem.add(new Long(value.parts[i], 0));
+	    value.parts[i] = _rem.div(DIVISOR).low_;
+	    _rem = _rem.modulo(DIVISOR);
+	  }
+
+	  return { quotient: value, rem: _rem };
+	};
+
+	// Multiply two Long values and return the 128 bit value
+	var multiply64x2 = function (left, right) {
+	  if (!left && !right) {
+	    return { high: Long.fromNumber(0), low: Long.fromNumber(0) };
+	  }
+
+	  var leftHigh = left.shiftRightUnsigned(32);
+	  var leftLow = new Long(left.getLowBits(), 0);
+	  var rightHigh = right.shiftRightUnsigned(32);
+	  var rightLow = new Long(right.getLowBits(), 0);
+
+	  var productHigh = leftHigh.multiply(rightHigh);
+	  var productMid = leftHigh.multiply(rightLow);
+	  var productMid2 = leftLow.multiply(rightHigh);
+	  var productLow = leftLow.multiply(rightLow);
+
+	  productHigh = productHigh.add(productMid.shiftRightUnsigned(32));
+	  productMid = new Long(productMid.getLowBits(), 0).add(productMid2).add(productLow.shiftRightUnsigned(32));
+
+	  productHigh = productHigh.add(productMid.shiftRightUnsigned(32));
+	  productLow = productMid.shiftLeft(32).add(new Long(productLow.getLowBits(), 0));
+
+	  // Return the 128 bit result
+	  return { high: productHigh, low: productLow };
+	};
+
+	var lessThan = function (left, right) {
+	  // Make values unsigned
+	  var uhleft = left.high_ >>> 0;
+	  var uhright = right.high_ >>> 0;
+
+	  // Compare high bits first
+	  if (uhleft < uhright) {
+	    return true;
+	  } else if (uhleft === uhright) {
+	    var ulleft = left.low_ >>> 0;
+	    var ulright = right.low_ >>> 0;
+	    if (ulleft < ulright) return true;
+	  }
+
+	  return false;
+	};
+
+	// var longtoHex = function(value) {
+	//   var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(8);
+	//   var index = 0;
+	//   // Encode the low 64 bits of the decimal
+	//   // Encode low bits
+	//   buffer[index++] = value.low_ & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value.low_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value.low_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value.low_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+	//   // Encode high bits
+	//   buffer[index++] = value.high_ & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value.high_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value.high_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value.high_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+	//   return buffer.reverse().toString('hex');
+	// };
+
+	// var int32toHex = function(value) {
+	//   var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(4);
+	//   var index = 0;
+	//   // Encode the low 64 bits of the decimal
+	//   // Encode low bits
+	//   buffer[index++] = value & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+	//   buffer[index++] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+	//   return buffer.reverse().toString('hex');
+	// };
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON Decimal128 type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {Buffer} bytes a buffer containing the raw Decimal128 bytes.
+	 * @return {Double}
+	 */
+	var Decimal128 = function (bytes) {
+	  this._bsontype = 'Decimal128';
+	  this.bytes = bytes;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a Decimal128 instance from a string representation
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {string} string a numeric string representation.
+	 * @return {Decimal128} returns a Decimal128 instance.
+	 */
+	Decimal128.fromString = function (string) {
+	  // Parse state tracking
+	  var isNegative = false;
+	  var sawRadix = false;
+	  var foundNonZero = false;
+
+	  // Total number of significant digits (no leading or trailing zero)
+	  var significantDigits = 0;
+	  // Total number of significand digits read
+	  var nDigitsRead = 0;
+	  // Total number of digits (no leading zeros)
+	  var nDigits = 0;
+	  // The number of the digits after radix
+	  var radixPosition = 0;
+	  // The index of the first non-zero in *str*
+	  var firstNonZero = 0;
+
+	  // Digits Array
+	  var digits = [0];
+	  // The number of digits in digits
+	  var nDigitsStored = 0;
+	  // Insertion pointer for digits
+	  var digitsInsert = 0;
+	  // The index of the first non-zero digit
+	  var firstDigit = 0;
+	  // The index of the last digit
+	  var lastDigit = 0;
+
+	  // Exponent
+	  var exponent = 0;
+	  // loop index over array
+	  var i = 0;
+	  // The high 17 digits of the significand
+	  var significandHigh = [0, 0];
+	  // The low 17 digits of the significand
+	  var significandLow = [0, 0];
+	  // The biased exponent
+	  var biasedExponent = 0;
+
+	  // Read index
+	  var index = 0;
+
+	  // Trim the string
+	  string = string.trim();
+
+	  // Naively prevent against REDOS attacks.
+	  // TODO: implementing a custom parsing for this, or refactoring the regex would yield
+	  //       further gains.
+	  if (string.length >= 7000) {
+	    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+	  }
+
+	  // Results
+	  var stringMatch = string.match(PARSE_STRING_REGEXP);
+	  var infMatch = string.match(PARSE_INF_REGEXP);
+	  var nanMatch = string.match(PARSE_NAN_REGEXP);
+
+	  // Validate the string
+	  if (!stringMatch && !infMatch && !nanMatch || string.length === 0) {
+	    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+	  }
+
+	  // Check if we have an illegal exponent format
+	  if (stringMatch && stringMatch[4] && stringMatch[2] === undefined) {
+	    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+	  }
+
+	  // Get the negative or positive sign
+	  if (string[index] === '+' || string[index] === '-') {
+	    isNegative = string[index++] === '-';
+	  }
+
+	  // Check if user passed Infinity or NaN
+	  if (!isDigit(string[index]) && string[index] !== '.') {
+	    if (string[index] === 'i' || string[index] === 'I') {
+	      return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+	    } else if (string[index] === 'N') {
+	      return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Read all the digits
+	  while (isDigit(string[index]) || string[index] === '.') {
+	    if (string[index] === '.') {
+	      if (sawRadix) {
+	        return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+	      }
+
+	      sawRadix = true;
+	      index = index + 1;
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	    if (nDigitsStored < 34) {
+	      if (string[index] !== '0' || foundNonZero) {
+	        if (!foundNonZero) {
+	          firstNonZero = nDigitsRead;
+	        }
+
+	        foundNonZero = true;
+
+	        // Only store 34 digits
+	        digits[digitsInsert++] = parseInt(string[index], 10);
+	        nDigitsStored = nDigitsStored + 1;
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    if (foundNonZero) {
+	      nDigits = nDigits + 1;
+	    }
+
+	    if (sawRadix) {
+	      radixPosition = radixPosition + 1;
+	    }
+
+	    nDigitsRead = nDigitsRead + 1;
+	    index = index + 1;
+	  }
+
+	  if (sawRadix && !nDigitsRead) {
+	    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+	  }
+
+	  // Read exponent if exists
+	  if (string[index] === 'e' || string[index] === 'E') {
+	    // Read exponent digits
+	    var match = string.substr(++index).match(EXPONENT_REGEX);
+
+	    // No digits read
+	    if (!match || !match[2]) {
+	      return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+	    }
+
+	    // Get exponent
+	    exponent = parseInt(match[0], 10);
+
+	    // Adjust the index
+	    index = index + match[0].length;
+	  }
+
+	  // Return not a number
+	  if (string[index]) {
+	    return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+	  }
+
+	  // Done reading input
+	  // Find first non-zero digit in digits
+	  firstDigit = 0;
+
+	  if (!nDigitsStored) {
+	    firstDigit = 0;
+	    lastDigit = 0;
+	    digits[0] = 0;
+	    nDigits = 1;
+	    nDigitsStored = 1;
+	    significantDigits = 0;
+	  } else {
+	    lastDigit = nDigitsStored - 1;
+	    significantDigits = nDigits;
+
+	    if (exponent !== 0 && significantDigits !== 1) {
+	      while (string[firstNonZero + significantDigits - 1] === '0') {
+	        significantDigits = significantDigits - 1;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Normalization of exponent
+	  // Correct exponent based on radix position, and shift significand as needed
+	  // to represent user input
+
+	  // Overflow prevention
+	  if (exponent <= radixPosition && radixPosition - exponent > 1 << 14) {
+	    exponent = EXPONENT_MIN;
+	  } else {
+	    exponent = exponent - radixPosition;
+	  }
+
+	  // Attempt to normalize the exponent
+	  while (exponent > EXPONENT_MAX) {
+	    // Shift exponent to significand and decrease
+	    lastDigit = lastDigit + 1;
+
+	    if (lastDigit - firstDigit > MAX_DIGITS) {
+	      // Check if we have a zero then just hard clamp, otherwise fail
+	      var digitsString = digits.join('');
+	      if (digitsString.match(/^0+$/)) {
+	        exponent = EXPONENT_MAX;
+	        break;
+	      } else {
+	        return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    exponent = exponent - 1;
+	  }
+
+	  while (exponent < EXPONENT_MIN || nDigitsStored < nDigits) {
+	    // Shift last digit
+	    if (lastDigit === 0) {
+	      exponent = EXPONENT_MIN;
+	      significantDigits = 0;
+	      break;
+	    }
+
+	    if (nDigitsStored < nDigits) {
+	      // adjust to match digits not stored
+	      nDigits = nDigits - 1;
+	    } else {
+	      // adjust to round
+	      lastDigit = lastDigit - 1;
+	    }
+
+	    if (exponent < EXPONENT_MAX) {
+	      exponent = exponent + 1;
+	    } else {
+	      // Check if we have a zero then just hard clamp, otherwise fail
+	      digitsString = digits.join('');
+	      if (digitsString.match(/^0+$/)) {
+	        exponent = EXPONENT_MAX;
+	        break;
+	      } else {
+	        return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Round
+	  // We've normalized the exponent, but might still need to round.
+	  if (lastDigit - firstDigit + 1 < significantDigits && string[significantDigits] !== '0') {
+	    var endOfString = nDigitsRead;
+
+	    // If we have seen a radix point, 'string' is 1 longer than we have
+	    // documented with ndigits_read, so inc the position of the first nonzero
+	    // digit and the position that digits are read to.
+	    if (sawRadix && exponent === EXPONENT_MIN) {
+	      firstNonZero = firstNonZero + 1;
+	      endOfString = endOfString + 1;
+	    }
+
+	    var roundDigit = parseInt(string[firstNonZero + lastDigit + 1], 10);
+	    var roundBit = 0;
+
+	    if (roundDigit >= 5) {
+	      roundBit = 1;
+
+	      if (roundDigit === 5) {
+	        roundBit = digits[lastDigit] % 2 === 1;
+
+	        for (i = firstNonZero + lastDigit + 2; i < endOfString; i++) {
+	          if (parseInt(string[i], 10)) {
+	            roundBit = 1;
+	            break;
+	          }
+	        }
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    if (roundBit) {
+	      var dIdx = lastDigit;
+
+	      for (; dIdx >= 0; dIdx--) {
+	        if (++digits[dIdx] > 9) {
+	          digits[dIdx] = 0;
+
+	          // overflowed most significant digit
+	          if (dIdx === 0) {
+	            if (exponent < EXPONENT_MAX) {
+	              exponent = exponent + 1;
+	              digits[dIdx] = 1;
+	            } else {
+	              return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+	            }
+	          }
+	        } else {
+	          break;
+	        }
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Encode significand
+	  // The high 17 digits of the significand
+	  significandHigh = Long.fromNumber(0);
+	  // The low 17 digits of the significand
+	  significandLow = Long.fromNumber(0);
+
+	  // read a zero
+	  if (significantDigits === 0) {
+	    significandHigh = Long.fromNumber(0);
+	    significandLow = Long.fromNumber(0);
+	  } else if (lastDigit - firstDigit < 17) {
+	    dIdx = firstDigit;
+	    significandLow = Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx++]);
+	    significandHigh = new Long(0, 0);
+
+	    for (; dIdx <= lastDigit; dIdx++) {
+	      significandLow = significandLow.multiply(Long.fromNumber(10));
+	      significandLow = significandLow.add(Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx]));
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    dIdx = firstDigit;
+	    significandHigh = Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx++]);
+
+	    for (; dIdx <= lastDigit - 17; dIdx++) {
+	      significandHigh = significandHigh.multiply(Long.fromNumber(10));
+	      significandHigh = significandHigh.add(Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx]));
+	    }
+
+	    significandLow = Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx++]);
+
+	    for (; dIdx <= lastDigit; dIdx++) {
+	      significandLow = significandLow.multiply(Long.fromNumber(10));
+	      significandLow = significandLow.add(Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx]));
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  var significand = multiply64x2(significandHigh, Long.fromString('100000000000000000'));
+
+	  significand.low = significand.low.add(significandLow);
+
+	  if (lessThan(significand.low, significandLow)) {
+	    significand.high = significand.high.add(Long.fromNumber(1));
+	  }
+
+	  // Biased exponent
+	  biasedExponent = exponent + EXPONENT_BIAS;
+	  var dec = { low: Long.fromNumber(0), high: Long.fromNumber(0) };
+
+	  // Encode combination, exponent, and significand.
+	  if (significand.high.shiftRightUnsigned(49).and(Long.fromNumber(1)).equals(Long.fromNumber)) {
+	    // Encode '11' into bits 1 to 3
+	    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromNumber(0x3).shiftLeft(61));
+	    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromNumber(biasedExponent).and(Long.fromNumber(0x3fff).shiftLeft(47)));
+	    dec.high = dec.high.or(significand.high.and(Long.fromNumber(0x7fffffffffff)));
+	  } else {
+	    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromNumber(biasedExponent & 0x3fff).shiftLeft(49));
+	    dec.high = dec.high.or(significand.high.and(Long.fromNumber(0x1ffffffffffff)));
+	  }
+
+	  dec.low = significand.low;
+
+	  // Encode sign
+	  if (isNegative) {
+	    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromString('9223372036854775808'));
+	  }
+
+	  // Encode into a buffer
+	  var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(16);
+	  index = 0;
+
+	  // Encode the low 64 bits of the decimal
+	  // Encode low bits
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.low_ & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.low_ >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.low_ >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.low_ >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode high bits
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.high_ & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.high_ >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.high_ >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.low.high_ >> 24 & 0xff;
+
+	  // Encode the high 64 bits of the decimal
+	  // Encode low bits
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.low_ & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.low_ >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.low_ >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.low_ >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode high bits
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.high_ & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.high_ >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.high_ >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = dec.high.high_ >> 24 & 0xff;
+
+	  // Return the new Decimal128
+	  return new Decimal128(buffer);
+	};
+
+	// Extract least significant 5 bits
+	var COMBINATION_MASK = 0x1f;
+	// Extract least significant 14 bits
+	var EXPONENT_MASK = 0x3fff;
+	// Value of combination field for Inf
+	var COMBINATION_INFINITY = 30;
+	// Value of combination field for NaN
+	var COMBINATION_NAN = 31;
+	// Value of combination field for NaN
+	// var COMBINATION_SNAN = 32;
+	// decimal128 exponent bias
+	EXPONENT_BIAS = 6176;
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a string representation of the raw Decimal128 value
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {string} returns a Decimal128 string representation.
+	 */
+	Decimal128.prototype.toString = function () {
+	  // Note: bits in this routine are referred to starting at 0,
+	  // from the sign bit, towards the coefficient.
+
+	  // bits 0 - 31
+	  var high;
+	  // bits 32 - 63
+	  var midh;
+	  // bits 64 - 95
+	  var midl;
+	  // bits 96 - 127
+	  var low;
+	  // bits 1 - 5
+	  var combination;
+	  // decoded biased exponent (14 bits)
+	  var biased_exponent;
+	  // the number of significand digits
+	  var significand_digits = 0;
+	  // the base-10 digits in the significand
+	  var significand = new Array(36);
+	  for (var i = 0; i < significand.length; i++) significand[i] = 0;
+	  // read pointer into significand
+	  var index = 0;
+
+	  // unbiased exponent
+	  var exponent;
+	  // the exponent if scientific notation is used
+	  var scientific_exponent;
+
+	  // true if the number is zero
+	  var is_zero = false;
+
+	  // the most signifcant significand bits (50-46)
+	  var significand_msb;
+	  // temporary storage for significand decoding
+	  var significand128 = { parts: new Array(4) };
+	  // indexing variables
+	  i;
+	  var j, k;
+
+	  // Output string
+	  var string = [];
+
+	  // Unpack index
+	  index = 0;
+
+	  // Buffer reference
+	  var buffer = this.bytes;
+
+	  // Unpack the low 64bits into a long
+	  low = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	  midl = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+
+	  // Unpack the high 64bits into a long
+	  midh = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	  high = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+
+	  // Unpack index
+	  index = 0;
+
+	  // Create the state of the decimal
+	  var dec = {
+	    low: new Long(low, midl),
+	    high: new Long(midh, high)
+	  };
+
+	  if (dec.high.lessThan(Long.ZERO)) {
+	    string.push('-');
+	  }
+
+	  // Decode combination field and exponent
+	  combination = high >> 26 & COMBINATION_MASK;
+
+	  if (combination >> 3 === 3) {
+	    // Check for 'special' values
+	    if (combination === COMBINATION_INFINITY) {
+	      return string.join('') + 'Infinity';
+	    } else if (combination === COMBINATION_NAN) {
+	      return 'NaN';
+	    } else {
+	      biased_exponent = high >> 15 & EXPONENT_MASK;
+	      significand_msb = 0x08 + (high >> 14 & 0x01);
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    significand_msb = high >> 14 & 0x07;
+	    biased_exponent = high >> 17 & EXPONENT_MASK;
+	  }
+
+	  exponent = biased_exponent - EXPONENT_BIAS;
+
+	  // Create string of significand digits
+
+	  // Convert the 114-bit binary number represented by
+	  // (significand_high, significand_low) to at most 34 decimal
+	  // digits through modulo and division.
+	  significand128.parts[0] = (high & 0x3fff) + ((significand_msb & 0xf) << 14);
+	  significand128.parts[1] = midh;
+	  significand128.parts[2] = midl;
+	  significand128.parts[3] = low;
+
+	  if (significand128.parts[0] === 0 && significand128.parts[1] === 0 && significand128.parts[2] === 0 && significand128.parts[3] === 0) {
+	    is_zero = true;
+	  } else {
+	    for (k = 3; k >= 0; k--) {
+	      var least_digits = 0;
+	      // Peform the divide
+	      var result = divideu128(significand128);
+	      significand128 = result.quotient;
+	      least_digits = result.rem.low_;
+
+	      // We now have the 9 least significant digits (in base 2).
+	      // Convert and output to string.
+	      if (!least_digits) continue;
+
+	      for (j = 8; j >= 0; j--) {
+	        // significand[k * 9 + j] = Math.round(least_digits % 10);
+	        significand[k * 9 + j] = least_digits % 10;
+	        // least_digits = Math.round(least_digits / 10);
+	        least_digits = Math.floor(least_digits / 10);
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Output format options:
+	  // Scientific - [-]d.dddE(+/-)dd or [-]dE(+/-)dd
+	  // Regular    - ddd.ddd
+
+	  if (is_zero) {
+	    significand_digits = 1;
+	    significand[index] = 0;
+	  } else {
+	    significand_digits = 36;
+	    i = 0;
+
+	    while (!significand[index]) {
+	      i++;
+	      significand_digits = significand_digits - 1;
+	      index = index + 1;
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  scientific_exponent = significand_digits - 1 + exponent;
+
+	  // The scientific exponent checks are dictated by the string conversion
+	  // specification and are somewhat arbitrary cutoffs.
+	  //
+	  // We must check exponent > 0, because if this is the case, the number
+	  // has trailing zeros.  However, we *cannot* output these trailing zeros,
+	  // because doing so would change the precision of the value, and would
+	  // change stored data if the string converted number is round tripped.
+
+	  if (scientific_exponent >= 34 || scientific_exponent <= -7 || exponent > 0) {
+	    // Scientific format
+	    string.push(significand[index++]);
+	    significand_digits = significand_digits - 1;
+
+	    if (significand_digits) {
+	      string.push('.');
+	    }
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < significand_digits; i++) {
+	      string.push(significand[index++]);
+	    }
+
+	    // Exponent
+	    string.push('E');
+	    if (scientific_exponent > 0) {
+	      string.push('+' + scientific_exponent);
+	    } else {
+	      string.push(scientific_exponent);
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    // Regular format with no decimal place
+	    if (exponent >= 0) {
+	      for (i = 0; i < significand_digits; i++) {
+	        string.push(significand[index++]);
+	      }
+	    } else {
+	      var radix_position = significand_digits + exponent;
+
+	      // non-zero digits before radix
+	      if (radix_position > 0) {
+	        for (i = 0; i < radix_position; i++) {
+	          string.push(significand[index++]);
+	        }
+	      } else {
+	        string.push('0');
+	      }
+
+	      string.push('.');
+	      // add leading zeros after radix
+	      while (radix_position++ < 0) {
+	        string.push('0');
+	      }
+
+	      for (i = 0; i < significand_digits - Math.max(radix_position - 1, 0); i++) {
+	        string.push(significand[index++]);
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return string.join('');
+	};
+
+	Decimal128.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return { $numberDecimal: this.toString() };
+	};
+
+	module.exports = Decimal128;
+	module.exports.Decimal128 = Decimal128;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 353 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON MinKey type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @return {MinKey} A MinKey instance
+	 */
+	function MinKey() {
+	  if (!(this instanceof MinKey)) return new MinKey();
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'MinKey';
+	}
+
+	module.exports = MinKey;
+	module.exports.MinKey = MinKey;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 354 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON MaxKey type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @return {MaxKey} A MaxKey instance
+	 */
+	function MaxKey() {
+	  if (!(this instanceof MaxKey)) return new MaxKey();
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'MaxKey';
+	}
+
+	module.exports = MaxKey;
+	module.exports.MaxKey = MaxKey;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 355 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON DBRef type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {string} namespace the collection name.
+	 * @param {ObjectID} oid the reference ObjectID.
+	 * @param {string} [db] optional db name, if omitted the reference is local to the current db.
+	 * @return {DBRef}
+	 */
+	function DBRef(namespace, oid, db) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof DBRef)) return new DBRef(namespace, oid, db);
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'DBRef';
+	  this.namespace = namespace;
+	  this.oid = oid;
+	  this.db = db;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	DBRef.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return {
+	    $ref: this.namespace,
+	    $id: this.oid,
+	    $db: this.db == null ? '' : this.db
+	  };
+	};
+
+	module.exports = DBRef;
+	module.exports.DBRef = DBRef;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 356 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(global) {/**
+	 * Module dependencies.
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+
+	// Test if we're in Node via presence of "global" not absence of "window"
+	// to support hybrid environments like Electron
+	if (typeof global !== 'undefined') {
+	  var Buffer = __webpack_require__(339).Buffer; // TODO just use global Buffer
+	}
+
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(344);
+
+	/**
+	 * A class representation of the BSON Binary type.
+	 *
+	 * Sub types
+	 *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT**, default BSON type.
+	 *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION**, BSON function type.
+	 *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY**, BSON byte array type.
+	 *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID**, BSON uuid type.
+	 *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5**, BSON md5 type.
+	 *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED**, BSON user defined type.
+	 *
+	 * @class
+	 * @param {Buffer} buffer a buffer object containing the binary data.
+	 * @param {Number} [subType] the option binary type.
+	 * @return {Binary}
+	 */
+	function Binary(buffer, subType) {
+	  if (!(this instanceof Binary)) return new Binary(buffer, subType);
+
+	  if (buffer != null && !(typeof buffer === 'string') && !Buffer.isBuffer(buffer) && !(buffer instanceof Uint8Array) && !Array.isArray(buffer)) {
+	    throw new Error('only String, Buffer, Uint8Array or Array accepted');
+	  }
+
+	  this._bsontype = 'Binary';
+
+	  if (buffer instanceof Number) {
+	    this.sub_type = buffer;
+	    this.position = 0;
+	  } else {
+	    this.sub_type = subType == null ? BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT : subType;
+	    this.position = 0;
+	  }
+
+	  if (buffer != null && !(buffer instanceof Number)) {
+	    // Only accept Buffer, Uint8Array or Arrays
+	    if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+	      // Different ways of writing the length of the string for the different types
+	      if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined') {
+	        this.buffer = utils.toBuffer(buffer);
+	      } else if (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' || Object.prototype.toString.call(buffer) === '[object Array]') {
+	        this.buffer = writeStringToArray(buffer);
+	      } else {
+	        throw new Error('only String, Buffer, Uint8Array or Array accepted');
+	      }
+	    } else {
+	      this.buffer = buffer;
+	    }
+	    this.position = buffer.length;
+	  } else {
+	    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined') {
+	      this.buffer = utils.allocBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE);
+	    } else if (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined') {
+	      this.buffer = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE));
+	    } else {
+	      this.buffer = new Array(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE);
+	    }
+	    // Set position to start of buffer
+	    this.position = 0;
+	  }
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates this binary with byte_value.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {string} byte_value a single byte we wish to write.
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.put = function put(byte_value) {
+	  // If it's a string and a has more than one character throw an error
+	  if (byte_value['length'] != null && typeof byte_value !== 'number' && byte_value.length !== 1) throw new Error('only accepts single character String, Uint8Array or Array');
+	  if (typeof byte_value !== 'number' && byte_value < 0 || byte_value > 255) throw new Error('only accepts number in a valid unsigned byte range 0-255');
+
+	  // Decode the byte value once
+	  var decoded_byte = null;
+	  if (typeof byte_value === 'string') {
+	    decoded_byte = byte_value.charCodeAt(0);
+	  } else if (byte_value['length'] != null) {
+	    decoded_byte = byte_value[0];
+	  } else {
+	    decoded_byte = byte_value;
+	  }
+
+	  if (this.buffer.length > this.position) {
+	    this.buffer[this.position++] = decoded_byte;
+	  } else {
+	    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+	      // Create additional overflow buffer
+	      var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE + this.buffer.length);
+	      // Combine the two buffers together
+	      this.buffer.copy(buffer, 0, 0, this.buffer.length);
+	      this.buffer = buffer;
+	      this.buffer[this.position++] = decoded_byte;
+	    } else {
+	      buffer = null;
+	      // Create a new buffer (typed or normal array)
+	      if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this.buffer) === '[object Uint8Array]') {
+	        buffer = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE + this.buffer.length));
+	      } else {
+	        buffer = new Array(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE + this.buffer.length);
+	      }
+
+	      // We need to copy all the content to the new array
+	      for (var i = 0; i < this.buffer.length; i++) {
+	        buffer[i] = this.buffer[i];
+	      }
+
+	      // Reassign the buffer
+	      this.buffer = buffer;
+	      // Write the byte
+	      this.buffer[this.position++] = decoded_byte;
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes a buffer or string to the binary.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {(Buffer|string)} string a string or buffer to be written to the Binary BSON object.
+	 * @param {number} offset specify the binary of where to write the content.
+	 * @return {null}
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.write = function write(string, offset) {
+	  offset = typeof offset === 'number' ? offset : this.position;
+
+	  // If the buffer is to small let's extend the buffer
+	  if (this.buffer.length < offset + string.length) {
+	    var buffer = null;
+	    // If we are in node.js
+	    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+	      buffer = utils.allocBuffer(this.buffer.length + string.length);
+	      this.buffer.copy(buffer, 0, 0, this.buffer.length);
+	    } else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this.buffer) === '[object Uint8Array]') {
+	      // Create a new buffer
+	      buffer = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(this.buffer.length + string.length));
+	      // Copy the content
+	      for (var i = 0; i < this.position; i++) {
+	        buffer[i] = this.buffer[i];
+	      }
+	    }
+
+	    // Assign the new buffer
+	    this.buffer = buffer;
+	  }
+
+	  if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(string) && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+	    string.copy(this.buffer, offset, 0, string.length);
+	    this.position = offset + string.length > this.position ? offset + string.length : this.position;
+	    // offset = string.length
+	  } else if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && typeof string === 'string' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+	    this.buffer.write(string, offset, 'binary');
+	    this.position = offset + string.length > this.position ? offset + string.length : this.position;
+	    // offset = string.length;
+	  } else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(string) === '[object Uint8Array]' || Object.prototype.toString.call(string) === '[object Array]' && typeof string !== 'string') {
+	    for (i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
+	      this.buffer[offset++] = string[i];
+	    }
+
+	    this.position = offset > this.position ? offset : this.position;
+	  } else if (typeof string === 'string') {
+	    for (i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
+	      this.buffer[offset++] = string.charCodeAt(i);
+	    }
+
+	    this.position = offset > this.position ? offset : this.position;
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Reads **length** bytes starting at **position**.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @param {number} position read from the given position in the Binary.
+	 * @param {number} length the number of bytes to read.
+	 * @return {Buffer}
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.read = function read(position, length) {
+	  length = length && length > 0 ? length : this.position;
+
+	  // Let's return the data based on the type we have
+	  if (this.buffer['slice']) {
+	    return this.buffer.slice(position, position + length);
+	  } else {
+	    // Create a buffer to keep the result
+	    var buffer = typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(length)) : new Array(length);
+	    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+	      buffer[i] = this.buffer[position++];
+	    }
+	  }
+	  // Return the buffer
+	  return buffer;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the value of this binary as a string.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {string}
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.value = function value(asRaw) {
+	  asRaw = asRaw == null ? false : asRaw;
+
+	  // Optimize to serialize for the situation where the data == size of buffer
+	  if (asRaw && typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer) && this.buffer.length === this.position) return this.buffer;
+
+	  // If it's a node.js buffer object
+	  if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+	    return asRaw ? this.buffer.slice(0, this.position) : this.buffer.toString('binary', 0, this.position);
+	  } else {
+	    if (asRaw) {
+	      // we support the slice command use it
+	      if (this.buffer['slice'] != null) {
+	        return this.buffer.slice(0, this.position);
+	      } else {
+	        // Create a new buffer to copy content to
+	        var newBuffer = Object.prototype.toString.call(this.buffer) === '[object Uint8Array]' ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(this.position)) : new Array(this.position);
+	        // Copy content
+	        for (var i = 0; i < this.position; i++) {
+	          newBuffer[i] = this.buffer[i];
+	        }
+	        // Return the buffer
+	        return newBuffer;
+	      }
+	    } else {
+	      return convertArraytoUtf8BinaryString(this.buffer, 0, this.position);
+	    }
+	  }
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Length.
+	 *
+	 * @method
+	 * @return {number} the length of the binary.
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.length = function length() {
+	  return this.position;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+	  return this.buffer != null ? this.buffer.toString('base64') : '';
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	Binary.prototype.toString = function (format) {
+	  return this.buffer != null ? this.buffer.slice(0, this.position).toString(format) : '';
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Binary default subtype
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	var BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	var writeStringToArray = function (data) {
+	  // Create a buffer
+	  var buffer = typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(data.length)) : new Array(data.length);
+	  // Write the content to the buffer
+	  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+	    buffer[i] = data.charCodeAt(i);
+	  }
+	  // Write the string to the buffer
+	  return buffer;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Convert Array ot Uint8Array to Binary String
+	 *
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	var convertArraytoUtf8BinaryString = function (byteArray, startIndex, endIndex) {
+	  var result = '';
+	  for (var i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
+	    result = result + String.fromCharCode(byteArray[i]);
+	  }
+	  return result;
+	};
+
+	Binary.BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
+
+	/**
+	 * Default BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+	/**
+	 * Function BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+	/**
+	 * Byte Array BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+	/**
+	 * OLD UUID BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_UUID_OLD = 3;
+	/**
+	 * UUID BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_UUID = 4;
+	/**
+	 * MD5 BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_MD5 = 5;
+	/**
+	 * User BSON type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	Binary.SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+	/**
+	 * Expose.
+	 */
+	module.exports = Binary;
+	module.exports.Binary = Binary;
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, (function() { return this; }())))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 357 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	'use strict';
+
+	var Long = __webpack_require__(335).Long,
+	    Double = __webpack_require__(336).Double,
+	    Timestamp = __webpack_require__(337).Timestamp,
+	    ObjectID = __webpack_require__(338).ObjectID,
+	    Symbol = __webpack_require__(349).Symbol,
+	    Code = __webpack_require__(351).Code,
+	    MinKey = __webpack_require__(353).MinKey,
+	    MaxKey = __webpack_require__(354).MaxKey,
+	    Decimal128 = __webpack_require__(352),
+	    Int32 = __webpack_require__(350),
+	    DBRef = __webpack_require__(355).DBRef,
+	    BSONRegExp = __webpack_require__(348).BSONRegExp,
+	    Binary = __webpack_require__(356).Binary;
+
+	var utils = __webpack_require__(344);
+
+	var deserialize = function (buffer, options, isArray) {
+	  options = options == null ? {} : options;
+	  var index = options && options.index ? options.index : 0;
+	  // Read the document size
+	  var size = buffer[index] | buffer[index + 1] << 8 | buffer[index + 2] << 16 | buffer[index + 3] << 24;
+
+	  // Ensure buffer is valid size
+	  if (size < 5 || buffer.length < size || size + index > buffer.length) {
+	    throw new Error('corrupt bson message');
+	  }
+
+	  // Illegal end value
+	  if (buffer[index + size - 1] !== 0) {
+	    throw new Error("One object, sized correctly, with a spot for an EOO, but the EOO isn't 0x00");
+	  }
+
+	  // Start deserializtion
+	  return deserializeObject(buffer, index, options, isArray);
+	};
+
+	var deserializeObject = function (buffer, index, options, isArray) {
+	  var evalFunctions = options['evalFunctions'] == null ? false : options['evalFunctions'];
+	  var cacheFunctions = options['cacheFunctions'] == null ? false : options['cacheFunctions'];
+	  var cacheFunctionsCrc32 = options['cacheFunctionsCrc32'] == null ? false : options['cacheFunctionsCrc32'];
+
+	  if (!cacheFunctionsCrc32) var crc32 = null;
+
+	  var fieldsAsRaw = options['fieldsAsRaw'] == null ? null : options['fieldsAsRaw'];
+
+	  // Return raw bson buffer instead of parsing it
+	  var raw = options['raw'] == null ? false : options['raw'];
+
+	  // Return BSONRegExp objects instead of native regular expressions
+	  var bsonRegExp = typeof options['bsonRegExp'] === 'boolean' ? options['bsonRegExp'] : false;
+
+	  // Controls the promotion of values vs wrapper classes
+	  var promoteBuffers = options['promoteBuffers'] == null ? false : options['promoteBuffers'];
+	  var promoteLongs = options['promoteLongs'] == null ? true : options['promoteLongs'];
+	  var promoteValues = options['promoteValues'] == null ? true : options['promoteValues'];
+
+	  // Set the start index
+	  var startIndex = index;
+
+	  // Validate that we have at least 4 bytes of buffer
+	  if (buffer.length < 5) throw new Error('corrupt bson message < 5 bytes long');
+
+	  // Read the document size
+	  var size = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+
+	  // Ensure buffer is valid size
+	  if (size < 5 || size > buffer.length) throw new Error('corrupt bson message');
+
+	  // Create holding object
+	  var object = isArray ? [] : {};
+	  // Used for arrays to skip having to perform utf8 decoding
+	  var arrayIndex = 0;
+
+	  var done = false;
+
+	  // While we have more left data left keep parsing
+	  // while (buffer[index + 1] !== 0) {
+	  while (!done) {
+	    // Read the type
+	    var elementType = buffer[index++];
+	    // If we get a zero it's the last byte, exit
+	    if (elementType === 0) break;
+
+	    // Get the start search index
+	    var i = index;
+	    // Locate the end of the c string
+	    while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+	      i++;
+	    }
+
+	    // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+	    if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+	    var name = isArray ? arrayIndex++ : buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+
+	    index = i + 1;
+
+	    if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING) {
+	      var stringSize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      if (stringSize <= 0 || stringSize > buffer.length - index || buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+	      object[name] = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+	      index = index + stringSize;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_OID) {
+	      var oid = utils.allocBuffer(12);
+	      buffer.copy(oid, 0, index, index + 12);
+	      object[name] = new ObjectID(oid);
+	      index = index + 12;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_INT && promoteValues === false) {
+	      object[name] = new Int32(buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24);
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_INT) {
+	      object[name] = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER && promoteValues === false) {
+	      object[name] = new Double(buffer.readDoubleLE(index));
+	      index = index + 8;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER) {
+	      object[name] = buffer.readDoubleLE(index);
+	      index = index + 8;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE) {
+	      var lowBits = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      var highBits = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      object[name] = new Date(new Long(lowBits, highBits).toNumber());
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN) {
+	      if (buffer[index] !== 0 && buffer[index] !== 1) throw new Error('illegal boolean type value');
+	      object[name] = buffer[index++] === 1;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT) {
+	      var _index = index;
+	      var objectSize = buffer[index] | buffer[index + 1] << 8 | buffer[index + 2] << 16 | buffer[index + 3] << 24;
+	      if (objectSize <= 0 || objectSize > buffer.length - index) throw new Error('bad embedded document length in bson');
+
+	      // We have a raw value
+	      if (raw) {
+	        object[name] = buffer.slice(index, index + objectSize);
+	      } else {
+	        object[name] = deserializeObject(buffer, _index, options, false);
+	      }
+
+	      index = index + objectSize;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY) {
+	      _index = index;
+	      objectSize = buffer[index] | buffer[index + 1] << 8 | buffer[index + 2] << 16 | buffer[index + 3] << 24;
+	      var arrayOptions = options;
+
+	      // Stop index
+	      var stopIndex = index + objectSize;
+
+	      // All elements of array to be returned as raw bson
+	      if (fieldsAsRaw && fieldsAsRaw[name]) {
+	        arrayOptions = {};
+	        for (var n in options) arrayOptions[n] = options[n];
+	        arrayOptions['raw'] = true;
+	      }
+
+	      object[name] = deserializeObject(buffer, _index, arrayOptions, true);
+	      index = index + objectSize;
+
+	      if (buffer[index - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('invalid array terminator byte');
+	      if (index !== stopIndex) throw new Error('corrupted array bson');
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED) {
+	      object[name] = undefined;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL) {
+	      object[name] = null;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG) {
+	      // Unpack the low and high bits
+	      lowBits = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      highBits = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      var long = new Long(lowBits, highBits);
+	      // Promote the long if possible
+	      if (promoteLongs && promoteValues === true) {
+	        object[name] = long.lessThanOrEqual(JS_INT_MAX_LONG) && long.greaterThanOrEqual(JS_INT_MIN_LONG) ? long.toNumber() : long;
+	      } else {
+	        object[name] = long;
+	      }
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128) {
+	      // Buffer to contain the decimal bytes
+	      var bytes = utils.allocBuffer(16);
+	      // Copy the next 16 bytes into the bytes buffer
+	      buffer.copy(bytes, 0, index, index + 16);
+	      // Update index
+	      index = index + 16;
+	      // Assign the new Decimal128 value
+	      var decimal128 = new Decimal128(bytes);
+	      // If we have an alternative mapper use that
+	      object[name] = decimal128.toObject ? decimal128.toObject() : decimal128;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY) {
+	      var binarySize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      var totalBinarySize = binarySize;
+	      var subType = buffer[index++];
+
+	      // Did we have a negative binary size, throw
+	      if (binarySize < 0) throw new Error('Negative binary type element size found');
+
+	      // Is the length longer than the document
+	      if (binarySize > buffer.length) throw new Error('Binary type size larger than document size');
+
+	      // Decode as raw Buffer object if options specifies it
+	      if (buffer['slice'] != null) {
+	        // If we have subtype 2 skip the 4 bytes for the size
+	        if (subType === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+	          binarySize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	          if (binarySize < 0) throw new Error('Negative binary type element size found for subtype 0x02');
+	          if (binarySize > totalBinarySize - 4) throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to long binary size');
+	          if (binarySize < totalBinarySize - 4) throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to short binary size');
+	        }
+
+	        if (promoteBuffers && promoteValues) {
+	          object[name] = buffer.slice(index, index + binarySize);
+	        } else {
+	          object[name] = new Binary(buffer.slice(index, index + binarySize), subType);
+	        }
+	      } else {
+	        var _buffer = typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(binarySize)) : new Array(binarySize);
+	        // If we have subtype 2 skip the 4 bytes for the size
+	        if (subType === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+	          binarySize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	          if (binarySize < 0) throw new Error('Negative binary type element size found for subtype 0x02');
+	          if (binarySize > totalBinarySize - 4) throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to long binary size');
+	          if (binarySize < totalBinarySize - 4) throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to short binary size');
+	        }
+
+	        // Copy the data
+	        for (i = 0; i < binarySize; i++) {
+	          _buffer[i] = buffer[index + i];
+	        }
+
+	        if (promoteBuffers && promoteValues) {
+	          object[name] = _buffer;
+	        } else {
+	          object[name] = new Binary(_buffer, subType);
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      // Update the index
+	      index = index + binarySize;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP && bsonRegExp === false) {
+	      // Get the start search index
+	      i = index;
+	      // Locate the end of the c string
+	      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+	        i++;
+	      }
+	      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+	      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+	      // Return the C string
+	      var source = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+	      // Create the regexp
+	      index = i + 1;
+
+	      // Get the start search index
+	      i = index;
+	      // Locate the end of the c string
+	      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+	        i++;
+	      }
+	      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+	      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+	      // Return the C string
+	      var regExpOptions = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+	      index = i + 1;
+
+	      // For each option add the corresponding one for javascript
+	      var optionsArray = new Array(regExpOptions.length);
+
+	      // Parse options
+	      for (i = 0; i < regExpOptions.length; i++) {
+	        switch (regExpOptions[i]) {
+	          case 'm':
+	            optionsArray[i] = 'm';
+	            break;
+	          case 's':
+	            optionsArray[i] = 'g';
+	            break;
+	          case 'i':
+	            optionsArray[i] = 'i';
+	            break;
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      object[name] = new RegExp(source, optionsArray.join(''));
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP && bsonRegExp === true) {
+	      // Get the start search index
+	      i = index;
+	      // Locate the end of the c string
+	      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+	        i++;
+	      }
+	      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+	      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+	      // Return the C string
+	      source = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+	      index = i + 1;
+
+	      // Get the start search index
+	      i = index;
+	      // Locate the end of the c string
+	      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+	        i++;
+	      }
+	      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+	      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+	      // Return the C string
+	      regExpOptions = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+	      index = i + 1;
+
+	      // Set the object
+	      object[name] = new BSONRegExp(source, regExpOptions);
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL) {
+	      stringSize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      if (stringSize <= 0 || stringSize > buffer.length - index || buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+	      object[name] = new Symbol(buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1));
+	      index = index + stringSize;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP) {
+	      lowBits = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      highBits = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      object[name] = new Timestamp(lowBits, highBits);
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY) {
+	      object[name] = new MinKey();
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY) {
+	      object[name] = new MaxKey();
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE) {
+	      stringSize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      if (stringSize <= 0 || stringSize > buffer.length - index || buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+	      var functionString = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+
+	      // If we are evaluating the functions
+	      if (evalFunctions) {
+	        // If we have cache enabled let's look for the md5 of the function in the cache
+	        if (cacheFunctions) {
+	          var hash = cacheFunctionsCrc32 ? crc32(functionString) : functionString;
+	          // Got to do this to avoid V8 deoptimizing the call due to finding eval
+	          object[name] = isolateEvalWithHash(functionCache, hash, functionString, object);
+	        } else {
+	          object[name] = isolateEval(functionString);
+	        }
+	      } else {
+	        object[name] = new Code(functionString);
+	      }
+
+	      // Update parse index position
+	      index = index + stringSize;
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE) {
+	      var totalSize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+
+	      // Element cannot be shorter than totalSize + stringSize + documentSize + terminator
+	      if (totalSize < 4 + 4 + 4 + 1) {
+	        throw new Error('code_w_scope total size shorter minimum expected length');
+	      }
+
+	      // Get the code string size
+	      stringSize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      // Check if we have a valid string
+	      if (stringSize <= 0 || stringSize > buffer.length - index || buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+
+	      // Javascript function
+	      functionString = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+	      // Update parse index position
+	      index = index + stringSize;
+	      // Parse the element
+	      _index = index;
+	      // Decode the size of the object document
+	      objectSize = buffer[index] | buffer[index + 1] << 8 | buffer[index + 2] << 16 | buffer[index + 3] << 24;
+	      // Decode the scope object
+	      var scopeObject = deserializeObject(buffer, _index, options, false);
+	      // Adjust the index
+	      index = index + objectSize;
+
+	      // Check if field length is to short
+	      if (totalSize < 4 + 4 + objectSize + stringSize) {
+	        throw new Error('code_w_scope total size is to short, truncating scope');
+	      }
+
+	      // Check if totalSize field is to long
+	      if (totalSize > 4 + 4 + objectSize + stringSize) {
+	        throw new Error('code_w_scope total size is to long, clips outer document');
+	      }
+
+	      // If we are evaluating the functions
+	      if (evalFunctions) {
+	        // If we have cache enabled let's look for the md5 of the function in the cache
+	        if (cacheFunctions) {
+	          hash = cacheFunctionsCrc32 ? crc32(functionString) : functionString;
+	          // Got to do this to avoid V8 deoptimizing the call due to finding eval
+	          object[name] = isolateEvalWithHash(functionCache, hash, functionString, object);
+	        } else {
+	          object[name] = isolateEval(functionString);
+	        }
+
+	        object[name].scope = scopeObject;
+	      } else {
+	        object[name] = new Code(functionString, scopeObject);
+	      }
+	    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_DBPOINTER) {
+	      // Get the code string size
+	      stringSize = buffer[index++] | buffer[index++] << 8 | buffer[index++] << 16 | buffer[index++] << 24;
+	      // Check if we have a valid string
+	      if (stringSize <= 0 || stringSize > buffer.length - index || buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+	      // Namespace
+	      var namespace = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+	      // Update parse index position
+	      index = index + stringSize;
+
+	      // Read the oid
+	      var oidBuffer = utils.allocBuffer(12);
+	      buffer.copy(oidBuffer, 0, index, index + 12);
+	      oid = new ObjectID(oidBuffer);
+
+	      // Update the index
+	      index = index + 12;
+
+	      // Split the namespace
+	      var parts = namespace.split('.');
+	      var db = parts.shift();
+	      var collection = parts.join('.');
+	      // Upgrade to DBRef type
+	      object[name] = new DBRef(collection, oid, db);
+	    } else {
+	      throw new Error('Detected unknown BSON type ' + elementType.toString(16) + ' for fieldname "' + name + '", are you using the latest BSON parser');
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Check if the deserialization was against a valid array/object
+	  if (size !== index - startIndex) {
+	    if (isArray) throw new Error('corrupt array bson');
+	    throw new Error('corrupt object bson');
+	  }
+
+	  // Check if we have a db ref object
+	  if (object['$id'] != null) object = new DBRef(object['$ref'], object['$id'], object['$db']);
+	  return object;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensure eval is isolated.
+	 *
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	var isolateEvalWithHash = function (functionCache, hash, functionString, object) {
+	  // Contains the value we are going to set
+	  var value = null;
+
+	  // Check for cache hit, eval if missing and return cached function
+	  if (functionCache[hash] == null) {
+	    eval('value = ' + functionString);
+	    functionCache[hash] = value;
+	  }
+	  // Set the object
+	  return functionCache[hash].bind(object);
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensure eval is isolated.
+	 *
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	var isolateEval = function (functionString) {
+	  // Contains the value we are going to set
+	  var value = null;
+	  // Eval the function
+	  eval('value = ' + functionString);
+	  return value;
+	};
+
+	var BSON = {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Contains the function cache if we have that enable to allow for avoiding the eval step on each deserialization, comparison is by md5
+	 *
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	var functionCache = BSON.functionCache = {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Number BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NUMBER
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER = 1;
+	/**
+	 * String BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_STRING
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING = 2;
+	/**
+	 * Object BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OBJECT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT = 3;
+	/**
+	 * Array BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_ARRAY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY = 4;
+	/**
+	 * Binary BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BINARY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY = 5;
+	/**
+	 * Binary BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED = 6;
+	/**
+	 * ObjectID BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OID
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_OID = 7;
+	/**
+	 * Boolean BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN = 8;
+	/**
+	 * Date BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DATE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE = 9;
+	/**
+	 * null BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NULL
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL = 10;
+	/**
+	 * RegExp BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_REGEXP
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP = 11;
+	/**
+	 * Code BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DBPOINTER
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_DBPOINTER = 12;
+	/**
+	 * Code BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE = 13;
+	/**
+	 * Symbol BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_SYMBOL
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL = 14;
+	/**
+	 * Code with Scope BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE = 15;
+	/**
+	 * 32 bit Integer BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_INT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_INT = 16;
+	/**
+	 * Timestamp BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP = 17;
+	/**
+	 * Long BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_LONG
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG = 18;
+	/**
+	 * Long BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128 = 19;
+	/**
+	 * MinKey BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY = 0xff;
+	/**
+	 * MaxKey BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY = 0x7f;
+
+	/**
+	 * Binary Default Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Function Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Byte Array Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+	/**
+	 * Binary UUID Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID = 3;
+	/**
+	 * Binary MD5 Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5 = 4;
+	/**
+	 * Binary User Defined Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+	// BSON MAX VALUES
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+	// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+	BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	// Internal long versions
+	var JS_INT_MAX_LONG = Long.fromNumber(0x20000000000000); // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	var JS_INT_MIN_LONG = Long.fromNumber(-0x20000000000000); // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	module.exports = deserialize;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 358 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(Buffer) {'use strict';
+
+	var writeIEEE754 = __webpack_require__(359).writeIEEE754,
+	    Long = __webpack_require__(335).Long,
+	    Map = __webpack_require__(334),
+	    Binary = __webpack_require__(356).Binary;
+
+	var normalizedFunctionString = __webpack_require__(344).normalizedFunctionString;
+
+	// try {
+	//   var _Buffer = Uint8Array;
+	// } catch (e) {
+	//   _Buffer = Buffer;
+	// }
+
+	var regexp = /\x00/; // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+	var ignoreKeys = ['$db', '$ref', '$id', '$clusterTime'];
+
+	// To ensure that 0.4 of node works correctly
+	var isDate = function isDate(d) {
+	  return typeof d === 'object' && Object.prototype.toString.call(d) === '[object Date]';
+	};
+
+	var isRegExp = function isRegExp(d) {
+	  return Object.prototype.toString.call(d) === '[object RegExp]';
+	};
+
+	var serializeString = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Encode String type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes + 1;
+	  buffer[index - 1] = 0;
+	  // Write the string
+	  var size = buffer.write(value, index + 4, 'utf8');
+	  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	  buffer[index + 3] = size + 1 >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 2] = size + 1 >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 1] = size + 1 >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index] = size + 1 & 0xff;
+	  // Update index
+	  index = index + 4 + size;
+	  // Write zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeNumber = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // We have an integer value
+	  if (Math.floor(value) === value && value >= BSON.JS_INT_MIN && value <= BSON.JS_INT_MAX) {
+	    // If the value fits in 32 bits encode as int, if it fits in a double
+	    // encode it as a double, otherwise long
+	    if (value >= BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN && value <= BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX) {
+	      // Set int type 32 bits or less
+	      buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_INT;
+	      // Number of written bytes
+	      var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	      // Encode the name
+	      index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	      buffer[index++] = 0;
+	      // Write the int value
+	      buffer[index++] = value & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = value >> 8 & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = value >> 16 & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = value >> 24 & 0xff;
+	    } else if (value >= BSON.JS_INT_MIN && value <= BSON.JS_INT_MAX) {
+	      // Encode as double
+	      buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER;
+	      // Number of written bytes
+	      numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	      // Encode the name
+	      index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	      buffer[index++] = 0;
+	      // Write float
+	      writeIEEE754(buffer, value, index, 'little', 52, 8);
+	      // Ajust index
+	      index = index + 8;
+	    } else {
+	      // Set long type
+	      buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG;
+	      // Number of written bytes
+	      numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	      // Encode the name
+	      index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	      buffer[index++] = 0;
+	      var longVal = Long.fromNumber(value);
+	      var lowBits = longVal.getLowBits();
+	      var highBits = longVal.getHighBits();
+	      // Encode low bits
+	      buffer[index++] = lowBits & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 8 & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 16 & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 24 & 0xff;
+	      // Encode high bits
+	      buffer[index++] = highBits & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = highBits >> 8 & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = highBits >> 16 & 0xff;
+	      buffer[index++] = highBits >> 24 & 0xff;
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    // Encode as double
+	    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER;
+	    // Number of written bytes
+	    numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	    // Encode the name
+	    index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	    buffer[index++] = 0;
+	    // Write float
+	    writeIEEE754(buffer, value, index, 'little', 52, 8);
+	    // Ajust index
+	    index = index + 8;
+	  }
+
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeNull = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Set long type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeBoolean = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Encode the boolean value
+	  buffer[index++] = value ? 1 : 0;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeDate = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+	  // Write the date
+	  var dateInMilis = Long.fromNumber(value.getTime());
+	  var lowBits = dateInMilis.getLowBits();
+	  var highBits = dateInMilis.getHighBits();
+	  // Encode low bits
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode high bits
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeRegExp = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  if (value.source && value.source.match(regexp) != null) {
+	    throw Error('value ' + value.source + ' must not contain null bytes');
+	  }
+	  // Adjust the index
+	  index = index + buffer.write(value.source, index, 'utf8');
+	  // Write zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+	  // Write the parameters
+	  if (value.global) buffer[index++] = 0x73; // s
+	  if (value.ignoreCase) buffer[index++] = 0x69; // i
+	  if (value.multiline) buffer[index++] = 0x6d; // m
+	  // Add ending zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeBSONRegExp = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+	  // Check the pattern for 0 bytes
+	  if (value.pattern.match(regexp) != null) {
+	    // The BSON spec doesn't allow keys with null bytes because keys are
+	    // null-terminated.
+	    throw Error('pattern ' + value.pattern + ' must not contain null bytes');
+	  }
+
+	  // Adjust the index
+	  index = index + buffer.write(value.pattern, index, 'utf8');
+	  // Write zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+	  // Write the options
+	  index = index + buffer.write(value.options.split('').sort().join(''), index, 'utf8');
+	  // Add ending zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeMinMax = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type of either min or max key
+	  if (value === null) {
+	    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL;
+	  } else if (value._bsontype === 'MinKey') {
+	    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY;
+	  } else {
+	    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY;
+	  }
+
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeObjectId = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_OID;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+	  // Write the objectId into the shared buffer
+	  if (typeof value.id === 'string') {
+	    buffer.write(value.id, index, 'binary');
+	  } else if (value.id && value.id.copy) {
+	    value.id.copy(buffer, index, 0, 12);
+	  } else {
+	    throw new Error('object [' + JSON.stringify(value) + '] is not a valid ObjectId');
+	  }
+
+	  // Ajust index
+	  return index + 12;
+	};
+
+	var serializeBuffer = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Get size of the buffer (current write point)
+	  var size = value.length;
+	  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	  buffer[index++] = size & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Write the default subtype
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT;
+	  // Copy the content form the binary field to the buffer
+	  value.copy(buffer, index, 0, size);
+	  // Adjust the index
+	  index = index + size;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeObject = function (buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, isArray, path) {
+	  for (var i = 0; i < path.length; i++) {
+	    if (path[i] === value) throw new Error('cyclic dependency detected');
+	  }
+
+	  // Push value to stack
+	  path.push(value);
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = Array.isArray(value) ? BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY : BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  var endIndex = serializeInto(buffer, value, checkKeys, index, depth + 1, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, path);
+	  // Pop stack
+	  path.pop();
+	  // Write size
+	  return endIndex;
+	};
+
+	var serializeDecimal128 = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Write the data from the value
+	  value.bytes.copy(buffer, index, 0, 16);
+	  return index + 16;
+	};
+
+	var serializeLong = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = value._bsontype === 'Long' ? BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG : BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Write the date
+	  var lowBits = value.getLowBits();
+	  var highBits = value.getHighBits();
+	  // Encode low bits
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = lowBits >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Encode high bits
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = highBits >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeInt32 = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Set int type 32 bits or less
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_INT;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Write the int value
+	  buffer[index++] = value & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = value >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = value >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = value >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeDouble = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Encode as double
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Write float
+	  writeIEEE754(buffer, value, index, 'little', 52, 8);
+	  // Ajust index
+	  index = index + 8;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeFunction = function (buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, isArray) {
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Function string
+	  var functionString = normalizedFunctionString(value);
+
+	  // Write the string
+	  var size = buffer.write(functionString, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+	  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	  buffer[index] = size & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 1] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 2] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 3] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Update index
+	  index = index + 4 + size - 1;
+	  // Write zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeCode = function (buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, isArray) {
+	  if (value.scope && typeof value.scope === 'object') {
+	    // Write the type
+	    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE;
+	    // Number of written bytes
+	    var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	    // Encode the name
+	    index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	    buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+	    // Starting index
+	    var startIndex = index;
+
+	    // Serialize the function
+	    // Get the function string
+	    var functionString = typeof value.code === 'string' ? value.code : value.code.toString();
+	    // Index adjustment
+	    index = index + 4;
+	    // Write string into buffer
+	    var codeSize = buffer.write(functionString, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+	    // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	    buffer[index] = codeSize & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index + 1] = codeSize >> 8 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index + 2] = codeSize >> 16 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index + 3] = codeSize >> 24 & 0xff;
+	    // Write end 0
+	    buffer[index + 4 + codeSize - 1] = 0;
+	    // Write the
+	    index = index + codeSize + 4;
+
+	    //
+	    // Serialize the scope value
+	    var endIndex = serializeInto(buffer, value.scope, checkKeys, index, depth + 1, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	    index = endIndex - 1;
+
+	    // Writ the total
+	    var totalSize = endIndex - startIndex;
+
+	    // Write the total size of the object
+	    buffer[startIndex++] = totalSize & 0xff;
+	    buffer[startIndex++] = totalSize >> 8 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[startIndex++] = totalSize >> 16 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[startIndex++] = totalSize >> 24 & 0xff;
+	    // Write trailing zero
+	    buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  } else {
+	    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE;
+	    // Number of written bytes
+	    numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	    // Encode the name
+	    index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	    buffer[index++] = 0;
+	    // Function string
+	    functionString = value.code.toString();
+	    // Write the string
+	    var size = buffer.write(functionString, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+	    // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	    buffer[index] = size & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index + 1] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index + 2] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index + 3] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	    // Update index
+	    index = index + 4 + size - 1;
+	    // Write zero
+	    buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  }
+
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeBinary = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Extract the buffer
+	  var data = value.value(true);
+	  // Calculate size
+	  var size = value.position;
+	  // Add the deprecated 02 type 4 bytes of size to total
+	  if (value.sub_type === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) size = size + 4;
+	  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	  buffer[index++] = size & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index++] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Write the subtype to the buffer
+	  buffer[index++] = value.sub_type;
+
+	  // If we have binary type 2 the 4 first bytes are the size
+	  if (value.sub_type === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+	    size = size - 4;
+	    buffer[index++] = size & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index++] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index++] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	    buffer[index++] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  }
+
+	  // Write the data to the object
+	  data.copy(buffer, index, 0, value.position);
+	  // Adjust the index
+	  index = index + value.position;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeSymbol = function (buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+	  // Write the string
+	  var size = buffer.write(value.value, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+	  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+	  buffer[index] = size & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 1] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 2] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[index + 3] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Update index
+	  index = index + 4 + size - 1;
+	  // Write zero
+	  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var serializeDBRef = function (buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions, isArray) {
+	  // Write the type
+	  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT;
+	  // Number of written bytes
+	  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8') : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+
+	  // Encode the name
+	  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+	  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+	  var startIndex = index;
+	  var endIndex;
+
+	  // Serialize object
+	  if (null != value.db) {
+	    endIndex = serializeInto(buffer, {
+	      $ref: value.namespace,
+	      $id: value.oid,
+	      $db: value.db
+	    }, false, index, depth + 1, serializeFunctions);
+	  } else {
+	    endIndex = serializeInto(buffer, {
+	      $ref: value.namespace,
+	      $id: value.oid
+	    }, false, index, depth + 1, serializeFunctions);
+	  }
+
+	  // Calculate object size
+	  var size = endIndex - startIndex;
+	  // Write the size
+	  buffer[startIndex++] = size & 0xff;
+	  buffer[startIndex++] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[startIndex++] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[startIndex++] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  // Set index
+	  return endIndex;
+	};
+
+	var serializeInto = function serializeInto(buffer, object, checkKeys, startingIndex, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, path) {
+	  startingIndex = startingIndex || 0;
+	  path = path || [];
+
+	  // Push the object to the path
+	  path.push(object);
+
+	  // Start place to serialize into
+	  var index = startingIndex + 4;
+	  // var self = this;
+
+	  // Special case isArray
+	  if (Array.isArray(object)) {
+	    // Get object keys
+	    for (var i = 0; i < object.length; i++) {
+	      var key = '' + i;
+	      var value = object[i];
+
+	      // Is there an override value
+	      if (value && value.toBSON) {
+	        if (typeof value.toBSON !== 'function') throw new Error('toBSON is not a function');
+	        value = value.toBSON();
+	      }
+
+	      var type = typeof value;
+	      if (type === 'string') {
+	        index = serializeString(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (type === 'number') {
+	        index = serializeNumber(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (type === 'boolean') {
+	        index = serializeBoolean(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+	        index = serializeDate(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value === undefined) {
+	        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value === null) {
+	        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+	        index = serializeObjectId(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+	        index = serializeBuffer(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || isRegExp(value)) {
+	        index = serializeRegExp(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] == null) {
+	        index = serializeObject(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, true, path);
+	      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+	        index = serializeDecimal128(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+	        index = serializeLong(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Double') {
+	        index = serializeDouble(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (typeof value === 'function' && serializeFunctions) {
+	        index = serializeFunction(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+	        index = serializeCode(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+	        index = serializeBinary(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+	        index = serializeSymbol(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+	        index = serializeDBRef(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+	        index = serializeBSONRegExp(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Int32') {
+	        index = serializeInt32(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+	        index = serializeMinMax(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+	      } else if (typeof value['_bsontype'] !== 'undefined') {
+	        throw new TypeError('Unrecognized or invalid _bsontype: ' + value['_bsontype']);
+	      }
+	    }
+	  } else if (object instanceof Map) {
+	    var iterator = object.entries();
+	    var done = false;
+
+	    while (!done) {
+	      // Unpack the next entry
+	      var entry = iterator.next();
+	      done = entry.done;
+	      // Are we done, then skip and terminate
+	      if (done) continue;
+
+	      // Get the entry values
+	      key = entry.value[0];
+	      value = entry.value[1];
+
+	      // Check the type of the value
+	      type = typeof value;
+
+	      // Check the key and throw error if it's illegal
+	      if (typeof key === 'string' && ignoreKeys.indexOf(key) === -1) {
+	        if (key.match(regexp) != null) {
+	          // The BSON spec doesn't allow keys with null bytes because keys are
+	          // null-terminated.
+	          throw Error('key ' + key + ' must not contain null bytes');
+	        }
+
+	        if (checkKeys) {
+	          if ('$' === key[0]) {
+	            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not start with '$'");
+	          } else if (~key.indexOf('.')) {
+	            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not contain '.'");
+	          }
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      if (type === 'string') {
+	        index = serializeString(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (type === 'number') {
+	        index = serializeNumber(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (type === 'boolean') {
+	        index = serializeBoolean(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+	        index = serializeDate(buffer, key, value, index);
+	        // } else if (value === undefined && ignoreUndefined === true) {
+	      } else if (value === null || value === undefined && ignoreUndefined === false) {
+	        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+	        index = serializeObjectId(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+	        index = serializeBuffer(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || isRegExp(value)) {
+	        index = serializeRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] == null) {
+	        index = serializeObject(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, false, path);
+	      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+	        index = serializeDecimal128(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+	        index = serializeLong(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Double') {
+	        index = serializeDouble(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+	        index = serializeCode(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	      } else if (typeof value === 'function' && serializeFunctions) {
+	        index = serializeFunction(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+	        index = serializeBinary(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+	        index = serializeSymbol(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+	        index = serializeDBRef(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+	        index = serializeBSONRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Int32') {
+	        index = serializeInt32(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+	        index = serializeMinMax(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (typeof value['_bsontype'] !== 'undefined') {
+	        throw new TypeError('Unrecognized or invalid _bsontype: ' + value['_bsontype']);
+	      }
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    // Did we provide a custom serialization method
+	    if (object.toBSON) {
+	      if (typeof object.toBSON !== 'function') throw new Error('toBSON is not a function');
+	      object = object.toBSON();
+	      if (object != null && typeof object !== 'object') throw new Error('toBSON function did not return an object');
+	    }
+
+	    // Iterate over all the keys
+	    for (key in object) {
+	      value = object[key];
+	      // Is there an override value
+	      if (value && value.toBSON) {
+	        if (typeof value.toBSON !== 'function') throw new Error('toBSON is not a function');
+	        value = value.toBSON();
+	      }
+
+	      // Check the type of the value
+	      type = typeof value;
+
+	      // Check the key and throw error if it's illegal
+	      if (typeof key === 'string' && ignoreKeys.indexOf(key) === -1) {
+	        if (key.match(regexp) != null) {
+	          // The BSON spec doesn't allow keys with null bytes because keys are
+	          // null-terminated.
+	          throw Error('key ' + key + ' must not contain null bytes');
+	        }
+
+	        if (checkKeys) {
+	          if ('$' === key[0]) {
+	            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not start with '$'");
+	          } else if (~key.indexOf('.')) {
+	            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not contain '.'");
+	          }
+	        }
+	      }
+
+	      if (type === 'string') {
+	        index = serializeString(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (type === 'number') {
+	        index = serializeNumber(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (type === 'boolean') {
+	        index = serializeBoolean(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+	        index = serializeDate(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value === undefined) {
+	        if (ignoreUndefined === false) index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value === null) {
+	        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+	        index = serializeObjectId(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+	        index = serializeBuffer(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || isRegExp(value)) {
+	        index = serializeRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] == null) {
+	        index = serializeObject(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined, false, path);
+	      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+	        index = serializeDecimal128(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+	        index = serializeLong(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Double') {
+	        index = serializeDouble(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+	        index = serializeCode(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	      } else if (typeof value === 'function' && serializeFunctions) {
+	        index = serializeFunction(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+	        index = serializeBinary(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+	        index = serializeSymbol(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+	        index = serializeDBRef(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+	        index = serializeBSONRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Int32') {
+	        index = serializeInt32(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+	        index = serializeMinMax(buffer, key, value, index);
+	      } else if (typeof value['_bsontype'] !== 'undefined') {
+	        throw new TypeError('Unrecognized or invalid _bsontype: ' + value['_bsontype']);
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  // Remove the path
+	  path.pop();
+
+	  // Final padding byte for object
+	  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+
+	  // Final size
+	  var size = index - startingIndex;
+	  // Write the size of the object
+	  buffer[startingIndex++] = size & 0xff;
+	  buffer[startingIndex++] = size >> 8 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[startingIndex++] = size >> 16 & 0xff;
+	  buffer[startingIndex++] = size >> 24 & 0xff;
+	  return index;
+	};
+
+	var BSON = {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Contains the function cache if we have that enable to allow for avoiding the eval step on each deserialization, comparison is by md5
+	 *
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	// var functionCache = (BSON.functionCache = {});
+
+	/**
+	 * Number BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NUMBER
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER = 1;
+	/**
+	 * String BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_STRING
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING = 2;
+	/**
+	 * Object BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OBJECT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT = 3;
+	/**
+	 * Array BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_ARRAY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY = 4;
+	/**
+	 * Binary BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BINARY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY = 5;
+	/**
+	 * ObjectID BSON Type, deprecated
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED = 6;
+	/**
+	 * ObjectID BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OID
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_OID = 7;
+	/**
+	 * Boolean BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN = 8;
+	/**
+	 * Date BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DATE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE = 9;
+	/**
+	 * null BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NULL
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL = 10;
+	/**
+	 * RegExp BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_REGEXP
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP = 11;
+	/**
+	 * Code BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE = 13;
+	/**
+	 * Symbol BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_SYMBOL
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL = 14;
+	/**
+	 * Code with Scope BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE = 15;
+	/**
+	 * 32 bit Integer BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_INT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_INT = 16;
+	/**
+	 * Timestamp BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP = 17;
+	/**
+	 * Long BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_LONG
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG = 18;
+	/**
+	 * Long BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128 = 19;
+	/**
+	 * MinKey BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY = 0xff;
+	/**
+	 * MaxKey BSON Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY = 0x7f;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Default Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Function Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+	/**
+	 * Binary Byte Array Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+	/**
+	 * Binary UUID Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID = 3;
+	/**
+	 * Binary MD5 Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5 = 4;
+	/**
+	 * Binary User Defined Type
+	 *
+	 * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+	 **/
+	BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+	// BSON MAX VALUES
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+	BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+	// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+	BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	// Internal long versions
+	// var JS_INT_MAX_LONG = Long.fromNumber(0x20000000000000); // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	// var JS_INT_MIN_LONG = Long.fromNumber(-0x20000000000000); // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	module.exports = serializeInto;
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, __webpack_require__(339).Buffer))
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 359 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports) {
+
+	// Copyright (c) 2008, Fair Oaks Labs, Inc.
+	// All rights reserved.
+	//
+	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+	//
+	//  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+	//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+	//
+	//  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+	//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+	//    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+	//
+	//  * Neither the name of Fair Oaks Labs, Inc. nor the names of its contributors
+	//    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+	//    without specific prior written permission.
+	//
+	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+	// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+	// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+	// ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+	// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+	// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+	// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+	// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+	// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+	// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+	// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+	//
+	//
+	// Modifications to writeIEEE754 to support negative zeroes made by Brian White
+
+	var readIEEE754 = function (buffer, offset, endian, mLen, nBytes) {
+	  var e,
+	      m,
+	      bBE = endian === 'big',
+	      eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1,
+	      eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1,
+	      eBias = eMax >> 1,
+	      nBits = -7,
+	      i = bBE ? 0 : nBytes - 1,
+	      d = bBE ? 1 : -1,
+	      s = buffer[offset + i];
+
+	  i += d;
+
+	  e = s & (1 << -nBits) - 1;
+	  s >>= -nBits;
+	  nBits += eLen;
+	  for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8);
+
+	  m = e & (1 << -nBits) - 1;
+	  e >>= -nBits;
+	  nBits += mLen;
+	  for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8);
+
+	  if (e === 0) {
+	    e = 1 - eBias;
+	  } else if (e === eMax) {
+	    return m ? NaN : (s ? -1 : 1) * Infinity;
+	  } else {
+	    m = m + Math.pow(2, mLen);
+	    e = e - eBias;
+	  }
+	  return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * Math.pow(2, e - mLen);
+	};
+
+	var writeIEEE754 = function (buffer, value, offset, endian, mLen, nBytes) {
+	  var e,
+	      m,
+	      c,
+	      bBE = endian === 'big',
+	      eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1,
+	      eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1,
+	      eBias = eMax >> 1,
+	      rt = mLen === 23 ? Math.pow(2, -24) - Math.pow(2, -77) : 0,
+	      i = bBE ? nBytes - 1 : 0,
+	      d = bBE ? -1 : 1,
+	      s = value < 0 || value === 0 && 1 / value < 0 ? 1 : 0;
+
+	  value = Math.abs(value);
+
+	  if (isNaN(value) || value === Infinity) {
+	    m = isNaN(value) ? 1 : 0;
+	    e = eMax;
+	  } else {
+	    e = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2);
+	    if (value * (c = Math.pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
+	      e--;
+	      c *= 2;
+	    }
+	    if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+	      value += rt / c;
+	    } else {
+	      value += rt * Math.pow(2, 1 - eBias);
+	    }
+	    if (value * c >= 2) {
+	      e++;
+	      c /= 2;
+	    }
+
+	    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
+	      m = 0;
+	      e = eMax;
+	    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+	      m = (value * c - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
+	      e = e + eBias;
+	    } else {
+	      m = value * Math.pow(2, eBias - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
+	      e = 0;
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[offset + i] = m & 0xff, i += d, m /= 256, mLen -= 8);
+
+	  e = e << mLen | m;
+	  eLen += mLen;
+	  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[offset + i] = e & 0xff, i += d, e /= 256, eLen -= 8);
+
+	  buffer[offset + i - d] |= s * 128;
+	};
+
+	exports.readIEEE754 = readIEEE754;
+	exports.writeIEEE754 = writeIEEE754;
+
+/***/ }),
+/* 360 */
+/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
+
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */(function(Buffer) {'use strict';
+
+	var Long = __webpack_require__(335).Long,
+	    Double = __webpack_require__(336).Double,
+	    Timestamp = __webpack_require__(337).Timestamp,
+	    ObjectID = __webpack_require__(338).ObjectID,
+	    Symbol = __webpack_require__(349).Symbol,
+	    BSONRegExp = __webpack_require__(348).BSONRegExp,
+	    Code = __webpack_require__(351).Code,
+	    Decimal128 = __webpack_require__(352),
+	    MinKey = __webpack_require__(353).MinKey,
+	    MaxKey = __webpack_require__(354).MaxKey,
+	    DBRef = __webpack_require__(355).DBRef,
+	    Binary = __webpack_require__(356).Binary;
+
+	var normalizedFunctionString = __webpack_require__(344).normalizedFunctionString;
+
+	// To ensure that 0.4 of node works correctly
+	var isDate = function isDate(d) {
+	  return typeof d === 'object' && Object.prototype.toString.call(d) === '[object Date]';
+	};
+
+	var calculateObjectSize = function calculateObjectSize(object, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined) {
+	  var totalLength = 4 + 1;
+
+	  if (Array.isArray(object)) {
+	    for (var i = 0; i < object.length; i++) {
+	      totalLength += calculateElement(i.toString(), object[i], serializeFunctions, true, ignoreUndefined);
+	    }
+	  } else {
+	    // If we have toBSON defined, override the current object
+	    if (object.toBSON) {
+	      object = object.toBSON();
+	    }
+
+	    // Calculate size
+	    for (var key in object) {
+	      totalLength += calculateElement(key, object[key], serializeFunctions, false, ignoreUndefined);
+	    }
+	  }
+
+	  return totalLength;
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @api private
+	 */
+	function calculateElement(name, value, serializeFunctions, isArray, ignoreUndefined) {
+	  // If we have toBSON defined, override the current object
+	  if (value && value.toBSON) {
+	    value = value.toBSON();
+	  }
+
+	  switch (typeof value) {
+	    case 'string':
+	      return 1 + Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 + 4 + Buffer.byteLength(value, 'utf8') + 1;
+	    case 'number':
+	      if (Math.floor(value) === value && value >= BSON.JS_INT_MIN && value <= BSON.JS_INT_MAX) {
+	        if (value >= BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN && value <= BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX) {
+	          // 32 bit
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (4 + 1);
+	        } else {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+	        }
+	      } else {
+	        // 64 bit
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+	      }
+	    case 'undefined':
+	      if (isArray || !ignoreUndefined) return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1;
+	      return 0;
+	    case 'boolean':
+	      return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (1 + 1);
+	    case 'object':
+	      if (value == null || value instanceof MinKey || value instanceof MaxKey || value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1;
+	      } else if (value instanceof ObjectID || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (12 + 1);
+	      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+	      } else if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (1 + 4 + 1) + value.length;
+	      } else if (value instanceof Long || value instanceof Double || value instanceof Timestamp || value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Double' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+	      } else if (value instanceof Decimal128 || value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (16 + 1);
+	      } else if (value instanceof Code || value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+	        // Calculate size depending on the availability of a scope
+	        if (value.scope != null && Object.keys(value.scope).length > 0) {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + 4 + 4 + Buffer.byteLength(value.code.toString(), 'utf8') + 1 + calculateObjectSize(value.scope, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	        } else {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + 4 + Buffer.byteLength(value.code.toString(), 'utf8') + 1;
+	        }
+	      } else if (value instanceof Binary || value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+	        // Check what kind of subtype we have
+	        if (value.sub_type === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (value.position + 1 + 4 + 1 + 4);
+	        } else {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (value.position + 1 + 4 + 1);
+	        }
+	      } else if (value instanceof Symbol || value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + Buffer.byteLength(value.value, 'utf8') + 4 + 1 + 1;
+	      } else if (value instanceof DBRef || value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+	        // Set up correct object for serialization
+	        var ordered_values = {
+	          $ref: value.namespace,
+	          $id: value.oid
+	        };
+
+	        // Add db reference if it exists
+	        if (null != value.db) {
+	          ordered_values['$db'] = value.db;
+	        }
+
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + calculateObjectSize(ordered_values, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + Buffer.byteLength(value.source, 'utf8') + 1 + (value.global ? 1 : 0) + (value.ignoreCase ? 1 : 0) + (value.multiline ? 1 : 0) + 1;
+	      } else if (value instanceof BSONRegExp || value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + Buffer.byteLength(value.pattern, 'utf8') + 1 + Buffer.byteLength(value.options, 'utf8') + 1;
+	      } else {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + calculateObjectSize(value, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined) + 1;
+	      }
+	    case 'function':
+	      // WTF for 0.4.X where typeof /someregexp/ === 'function'
+	      if (value instanceof RegExp || Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]' || String.call(value) === '[object RegExp]') {
+	        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + Buffer.byteLength(value.source, 'utf8') + 1 + (value.global ? 1 : 0) + (value.ignoreCase ? 1 : 0) + (value.multiline ? 1 : 0) + 1;
+	      } else {
+	        if (serializeFunctions && value.scope != null && Object.keys(value.scope).length > 0) {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + 4 + 4 + Buffer.byteLength(normalizedFunctionString(value), 'utf8') + 1 + calculateObjectSize(value.scope, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+	        } else if (serializeFunctions) {
+	          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1 + 4 + Buffer.byteLength(normalizedFunctionString(value), 'utf8') + 1;
+	        }
+	      }
+	  }
+
+	  return 0;
+	}
+
+	var BSON = {};
+
+	// BSON MAX VALUES
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+	BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+	// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+	BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+	BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+	module.exports = calculateObjectSize;
+	/* WEBPACK VAR INJECTION */}.call(exports, __webpack_require__(339).Buffer))
+
+/***/ })
+/******/ ])
+});
+;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/browser_build/package.json b/backend/node_modules/bson/browser_build/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..980db7f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/browser_build/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{ "name" :            "bson"
+, "description" :     "A bson parser for node.js and the browser"
+, "main":             "../"
+, "directories" :   { "lib" : "../lib/bson" }
+, "engines" :       { "node" : ">=0.6.0" }
+, "licenses" :    [ { "type" :  "Apache License, Version 2.0"
+                    , "url" :   "http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" } ]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/index.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6502552db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+var BSON = require('./lib/bson/bson'),
+  Binary = require('./lib/bson/binary'),
+  Code = require('./lib/bson/code'),
+  DBRef = require('./lib/bson/db_ref'),
+  Decimal128 = require('./lib/bson/decimal128'),
+  Double = require('./lib/bson/double'),
+  Int32 = require('./lib/bson/int_32'),
+  Long = require('./lib/bson/long'),
+  Map = require('./lib/bson/map'),
+  MaxKey = require('./lib/bson/max_key'),
+  MinKey = require('./lib/bson/min_key'),
+  ObjectId = require('./lib/bson/objectid'),
+  BSONRegExp = require('./lib/bson/regexp'),
+  Symbol = require('./lib/bson/symbol'),
+  Timestamp = require('./lib/bson/timestamp');
+
+// BSON MAX VALUES
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+// Add BSON types to function creation
+BSON.Binary = Binary;
+BSON.Code = Code;
+BSON.DBRef = DBRef;
+BSON.Decimal128 = Decimal128;
+BSON.Double = Double;
+BSON.Int32 = Int32;
+BSON.Long = Long;
+BSON.Map = Map;
+BSON.MaxKey = MaxKey;
+BSON.MinKey = MinKey;
+BSON.ObjectId = ObjectId;
+BSON.ObjectID = ObjectId;
+BSON.BSONRegExp = BSONRegExp;
+BSON.Symbol = Symbol;
+BSON.Timestamp = Timestamp;
+
+// Return the BSON
+module.exports = BSON;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/binary.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/binary.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d190bcaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/binary.js
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+// Test if we're in Node via presence of "global" not absence of "window"
+// to support hybrid environments like Electron
+if (typeof global !== 'undefined') {
+  var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer; // TODO just use global Buffer
+}
+
+var utils = require('./parser/utils');
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Binary type.
+ *
+ * Sub types
+ *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT**, default BSON type.
+ *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION**, BSON function type.
+ *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY**, BSON byte array type.
+ *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID**, BSON uuid type.
+ *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5**, BSON md5 type.
+ *  - **BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED**, BSON user defined type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer a buffer object containing the binary data.
+ * @param {Number} [subType] the option binary type.
+ * @return {Binary}
+ */
+function Binary(buffer, subType) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Binary)) return new Binary(buffer, subType);
+
+  if (
+    buffer != null &&
+    !(typeof buffer === 'string') &&
+    !Buffer.isBuffer(buffer) &&
+    !(buffer instanceof Uint8Array) &&
+    !Array.isArray(buffer)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error('only String, Buffer, Uint8Array or Array accepted');
+  }
+
+  this._bsontype = 'Binary';
+
+  if (buffer instanceof Number) {
+    this.sub_type = buffer;
+    this.position = 0;
+  } else {
+    this.sub_type = subType == null ? BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT : subType;
+    this.position = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (buffer != null && !(buffer instanceof Number)) {
+    // Only accept Buffer, Uint8Array or Arrays
+    if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+      // Different ways of writing the length of the string for the different types
+      if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined') {
+        this.buffer = utils.toBuffer(buffer);
+      } else if (
+        typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' ||
+        Object.prototype.toString.call(buffer) === '[object Array]'
+      ) {
+        this.buffer = writeStringToArray(buffer);
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('only String, Buffer, Uint8Array or Array accepted');
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+    }
+    this.position = buffer.length;
+  } else {
+    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined') {
+      this.buffer = utils.allocBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE);
+    } else if (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined') {
+      this.buffer = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE));
+    } else {
+      this.buffer = new Array(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE);
+    }
+    // Set position to start of buffer
+    this.position = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Updates this binary with byte_value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} byte_value a single byte we wish to write.
+ */
+Binary.prototype.put = function put(byte_value) {
+  // If it's a string and a has more than one character throw an error
+  if (byte_value['length'] != null && typeof byte_value !== 'number' && byte_value.length !== 1)
+    throw new Error('only accepts single character String, Uint8Array or Array');
+  if ((typeof byte_value !== 'number' && byte_value < 0) || byte_value > 255)
+    throw new Error('only accepts number in a valid unsigned byte range 0-255');
+
+  // Decode the byte value once
+  var decoded_byte = null;
+  if (typeof byte_value === 'string') {
+    decoded_byte = byte_value.charCodeAt(0);
+  } else if (byte_value['length'] != null) {
+    decoded_byte = byte_value[0];
+  } else {
+    decoded_byte = byte_value;
+  }
+
+  if (this.buffer.length > this.position) {
+    this.buffer[this.position++] = decoded_byte;
+  } else {
+    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+      // Create additional overflow buffer
+      var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE + this.buffer.length);
+      // Combine the two buffers together
+      this.buffer.copy(buffer, 0, 0, this.buffer.length);
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      this.buffer[this.position++] = decoded_byte;
+    } else {
+      buffer = null;
+      // Create a new buffer (typed or normal array)
+      if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this.buffer) === '[object Uint8Array]') {
+        buffer = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE + this.buffer.length));
+      } else {
+        buffer = new Array(Binary.BUFFER_SIZE + this.buffer.length);
+      }
+
+      // We need to copy all the content to the new array
+      for (var i = 0; i < this.buffer.length; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = this.buffer[i];
+      }
+
+      // Reassign the buffer
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      // Write the byte
+      this.buffer[this.position++] = decoded_byte;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a buffer or string to the binary.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} string a string or buffer to be written to the Binary BSON object.
+ * @param {number} offset specify the binary of where to write the content.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Binary.prototype.write = function write(string, offset) {
+  offset = typeof offset === 'number' ? offset : this.position;
+
+  // If the buffer is to small let's extend the buffer
+  if (this.buffer.length < offset + string.length) {
+    var buffer = null;
+    // If we are in node.js
+    if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+      buffer = utils.allocBuffer(this.buffer.length + string.length);
+      this.buffer.copy(buffer, 0, 0, this.buffer.length);
+    } else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this.buffer) === '[object Uint8Array]') {
+      // Create a new buffer
+      buffer = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(this.buffer.length + string.length));
+      // Copy the content
+      for (var i = 0; i < this.position; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = this.buffer[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Assign the new buffer
+    this.buffer = buffer;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(string) && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+    string.copy(this.buffer, offset, 0, string.length);
+    this.position = offset + string.length > this.position ? offset + string.length : this.position;
+    // offset = string.length
+  } else if (
+    typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' &&
+    typeof string === 'string' &&
+    Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)
+  ) {
+    this.buffer.write(string, offset, 'binary');
+    this.position = offset + string.length > this.position ? offset + string.length : this.position;
+    // offset = string.length;
+  } else if (
+    Object.prototype.toString.call(string) === '[object Uint8Array]' ||
+    (Object.prototype.toString.call(string) === '[object Array]' && typeof string !== 'string')
+  ) {
+    for (i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
+      this.buffer[offset++] = string[i];
+    }
+
+    this.position = offset > this.position ? offset : this.position;
+  } else if (typeof string === 'string') {
+    for (i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
+      this.buffer[offset++] = string.charCodeAt(i);
+    }
+
+    this.position = offset > this.position ? offset : this.position;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reads **length** bytes starting at **position**.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} position read from the given position in the Binary.
+ * @param {number} length the number of bytes to read.
+ * @return {Buffer}
+ */
+Binary.prototype.read = function read(position, length) {
+  length = length && length > 0 ? length : this.position;
+
+  // Let's return the data based on the type we have
+  if (this.buffer['slice']) {
+    return this.buffer.slice(position, position + length);
+  } else {
+    // Create a buffer to keep the result
+    var buffer =
+      typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined'
+        ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(length))
+        : new Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      buffer[i] = this.buffer[position++];
+    }
+  }
+  // Return the buffer
+  return buffer;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the value of this binary as a string.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+Binary.prototype.value = function value(asRaw) {
+  asRaw = asRaw == null ? false : asRaw;
+
+  // Optimize to serialize for the situation where the data == size of buffer
+  if (
+    asRaw &&
+    typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' &&
+    Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer) &&
+    this.buffer.length === this.position
+  )
+    return this.buffer;
+
+  // If it's a node.js buffer object
+  if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(this.buffer)) {
+    return asRaw
+      ? this.buffer.slice(0, this.position)
+      : this.buffer.toString('binary', 0, this.position);
+  } else {
+    if (asRaw) {
+      // we support the slice command use it
+      if (this.buffer['slice'] != null) {
+        return this.buffer.slice(0, this.position);
+      } else {
+        // Create a new buffer to copy content to
+        var newBuffer =
+          Object.prototype.toString.call(this.buffer) === '[object Uint8Array]'
+            ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(this.position))
+            : new Array(this.position);
+        // Copy content
+        for (var i = 0; i < this.position; i++) {
+          newBuffer[i] = this.buffer[i];
+        }
+        // Return the buffer
+        return newBuffer;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return convertArraytoUtf8BinaryString(this.buffer, 0, this.position);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Length.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the length of the binary.
+ */
+Binary.prototype.length = function length() {
+  return this.position;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Binary.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.buffer != null ? this.buffer.toString('base64') : '';
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Binary.prototype.toString = function(format) {
+  return this.buffer != null ? this.buffer.slice(0, this.position).toString(format) : '';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Binary default subtype
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var writeStringToArray = function(data) {
+  // Create a buffer
+  var buffer =
+    typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined'
+      ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(data.length))
+      : new Array(data.length);
+  // Write the content to the buffer
+  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+    buffer[i] = data.charCodeAt(i);
+  }
+  // Write the string to the buffer
+  return buffer;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Convert Array ot Uint8Array to Binary String
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var convertArraytoUtf8BinaryString = function(byteArray, startIndex, endIndex) {
+  var result = '';
+  for (var i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
+    result = result + String.fromCharCode(byteArray[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+Binary.BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
+
+/**
+ * Default BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+/**
+ * Function BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+/**
+ * Byte Array BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+/**
+ * OLD UUID BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_UUID_OLD = 3;
+/**
+ * UUID BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_UUID = 4;
+/**
+ * MD5 BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_MD5 = 5;
+/**
+ * User BSON type
+ *
+ * @classconstant SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+Binary.SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+/**
+ * Expose.
+ */
+module.exports = Binary;
+module.exports.Binary = Binary;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/bson.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/bson.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..912c5b921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/bson.js
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Map = require('./map'),
+  Long = require('./long'),
+  Double = require('./double'),
+  Timestamp = require('./timestamp'),
+  ObjectID = require('./objectid'),
+  BSONRegExp = require('./regexp'),
+  Symbol = require('./symbol'),
+  Int32 = require('./int_32'),
+  Code = require('./code'),
+  Decimal128 = require('./decimal128'),
+  MinKey = require('./min_key'),
+  MaxKey = require('./max_key'),
+  DBRef = require('./db_ref'),
+  Binary = require('./binary');
+
+// Parts of the parser
+var deserialize = require('./parser/deserializer'),
+  serializer = require('./parser/serializer'),
+  calculateObjectSize = require('./parser/calculate_size'),
+  utils = require('./parser/utils');
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+// Default Max Size
+var MAXSIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 17;
+
+// Current Internal Temporary Serialization Buffer
+var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(MAXSIZE);
+
+var BSON = function() {};
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a Javascript object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to serialize.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys] the serializer will check if keys are valid.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the javascript functions **(default:false)**.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields **(default:true)**.
+ * @param {Number} [options.minInternalBufferSize=1024*1024*17] minimum size of the internal temporary serialization buffer **(default:1024*1024*17)**.
+ * @return {Buffer} returns the Buffer object containing the serialized object.
+ * @api public
+ */
+BSON.prototype.serialize = function serialize(object, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  // Unpack the options
+  var checkKeys = typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : false;
+  var serializeFunctions =
+    typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+  var ignoreUndefined =
+    typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : true;
+  var minInternalBufferSize =
+    typeof options.minInternalBufferSize === 'number' ? options.minInternalBufferSize : MAXSIZE;
+  
+  // Resize the internal serialization buffer if needed
+  if (buffer.length < minInternalBufferSize) {
+    buffer = utils.allocBuffer(minInternalBufferSize);
+  }
+
+  // Attempt to serialize
+  var serializationIndex = serializer(
+    buffer,
+    object,
+    checkKeys,
+    0,
+    0,
+    serializeFunctions,
+    ignoreUndefined,
+    []
+  );
+  // Create the final buffer
+  var finishedBuffer = utils.allocBuffer(serializationIndex);
+  // Copy into the finished buffer
+  buffer.copy(finishedBuffer, 0, 0, finishedBuffer.length);
+  // Return the buffer
+  return finishedBuffer;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a Javascript object using a predefined Buffer and index into the buffer, useful when pre-allocating the space for serialization.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to serialize.
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer the Buffer you pre-allocated to store the serialized BSON object.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys] the serializer will check if keys are valid.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the javascript functions **(default:false)**.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields **(default:true)**.
+ * @param {Number} [options.index] the index in the buffer where we wish to start serializing into.
+ * @return {Number} returns the index pointing to the last written byte in the buffer.
+ * @api public
+ */
+BSON.prototype.serializeWithBufferAndIndex = function(object, finalBuffer, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  // Unpack the options
+  var checkKeys = typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : false;
+  var serializeFunctions =
+    typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+  var ignoreUndefined =
+    typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : true;
+  var startIndex = typeof options.index === 'number' ? options.index : 0;
+
+  // Attempt to serialize
+  var serializationIndex = serializer(
+    finalBuffer,
+    object,
+    checkKeys,
+    startIndex || 0,
+    0,
+    serializeFunctions,
+    ignoreUndefined
+  );
+
+  // Return the index
+  return serializationIndex - 1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deserialize data as BSON.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer the buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+ * @param {Object} [options.evalFunctions=false] evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized.
+ * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctions=false] cache evaluated functions for reuse.
+ * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctionsCrc32=false] use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function.
+ * @param {Object} [options.promoteLongs=true] when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits
+ * @param {Object} [options.promoteBuffers=false] when deserializing a Binary will return it as a node.js Buffer instance.
+ * @param {Object} [options.promoteValues=false] when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types.
+ * @param {Object} [options.fieldsAsRaw=null] allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer.
+ * @param {Object} [options.bsonRegExp=false] return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances.
+ * @return {Object} returns the deserialized Javascript Object.
+ * @api public
+ */
+BSON.prototype.deserialize = function(buffer, options) {
+  return deserialize(buffer, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the bson size for a passed in Javascript object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object the Javascript object to calculate the BSON byte size for.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] serialize the javascript functions **(default:false)**.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=true] ignore undefined fields **(default:true)**.
+ * @return {Number} returns the number of bytes the BSON object will take up.
+ * @api public
+ */
+BSON.prototype.calculateObjectSize = function(object, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  var serializeFunctions =
+    typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+  var ignoreUndefined =
+    typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : true;
+
+  return calculateObjectSize(object, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deserialize stream data as BSON documents.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} data the buffer containing the serialized set of BSON documents.
+ * @param {Number} startIndex the start index in the data Buffer where the deserialization is to start.
+ * @param {Number} numberOfDocuments number of documents to deserialize.
+ * @param {Array} documents an array where to store the deserialized documents.
+ * @param {Number} docStartIndex the index in the documents array from where to start inserting documents.
+ * @param {Object} [options] additional options used for the deserialization.
+ * @param {Object} [options.evalFunctions=false] evaluate functions in the BSON document scoped to the object deserialized.
+ * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctions=false] cache evaluated functions for reuse.
+ * @param {Object} [options.cacheFunctionsCrc32=false] use a crc32 code for caching, otherwise use the string of the function.
+ * @param {Object} [options.promoteLongs=true] when deserializing a Long will fit it into a Number if it's smaller than 53 bits
+ * @param {Object} [options.promoteBuffers=false] when deserializing a Binary will return it as a node.js Buffer instance.
+ * @param {Object} [options.promoteValues=false] when deserializing will promote BSON values to their Node.js closest equivalent types.
+ * @param {Object} [options.fieldsAsRaw=null] allow to specify if there what fields we wish to return as unserialized raw buffer.
+ * @param {Object} [options.bsonRegExp=false] return BSON regular expressions as BSONRegExp instances.
+ * @return {Number} returns the next index in the buffer after deserialization **x** numbers of documents.
+ * @api public
+ */
+BSON.prototype.deserializeStream = function(
+  data,
+  startIndex,
+  numberOfDocuments,
+  documents,
+  docStartIndex,
+  options
+) {
+  options = options != null ? options : {};
+  var index = startIndex;
+  // Loop over all documents
+  for (var i = 0; i < numberOfDocuments; i++) {
+    // Find size of the document
+    var size =
+      data[index] | (data[index + 1] << 8) | (data[index + 2] << 16) | (data[index + 3] << 24);
+    // Update options with index
+    options['index'] = index;
+    // Parse the document at this point
+    documents[docStartIndex + i] = this.deserialize(data, options);
+    // Adjust index by the document size
+    index = index + size;
+  }
+
+  // Return object containing end index of parsing and list of documents
+  return index;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+// BSON MAX VALUES
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+// Internal long versions
+// var JS_INT_MAX_LONG = Long.fromNumber(0x20000000000000); // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+// var JS_INT_MIN_LONG = Long.fromNumber(-0x20000000000000); // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+/**
+ * Number BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NUMBER
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER = 1;
+/**
+ * String BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_STRING
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING = 2;
+/**
+ * Object BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OBJECT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT = 3;
+/**
+ * Array BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_ARRAY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY = 4;
+/**
+ * Binary BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BINARY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY = 5;
+/**
+ * ObjectID BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OID
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_OID = 7;
+/**
+ * Boolean BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN = 8;
+/**
+ * Date BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DATE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE = 9;
+/**
+ * null BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NULL
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL = 10;
+/**
+ * RegExp BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_REGEXP
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP = 11;
+/**
+ * Code BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE = 13;
+/**
+ * Symbol BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_SYMBOL
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL = 14;
+/**
+ * Code with Scope BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE = 15;
+/**
+ * 32 bit Integer BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_INT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_INT = 16;
+/**
+ * Timestamp BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP = 17;
+/**
+ * Long BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_LONG
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG = 18;
+/**
+ * MinKey BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY = 0xff;
+/**
+ * MaxKey BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY = 0x7f;
+
+/**
+ * Binary Default Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+/**
+ * Binary Function Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+/**
+ * Binary Byte Array Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+/**
+ * Binary UUID Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID = 3;
+/**
+ * Binary MD5 Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5 = 4;
+/**
+ * Binary User Defined Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+// Return BSON
+module.exports = BSON;
+module.exports.Code = Code;
+module.exports.Map = Map;
+module.exports.Symbol = Symbol;
+module.exports.BSON = BSON;
+module.exports.DBRef = DBRef;
+module.exports.Binary = Binary;
+module.exports.ObjectID = ObjectID;
+module.exports.Long = Long;
+module.exports.Timestamp = Timestamp;
+module.exports.Double = Double;
+module.exports.Int32 = Int32;
+module.exports.MinKey = MinKey;
+module.exports.MaxKey = MaxKey;
+module.exports.BSONRegExp = BSONRegExp;
+module.exports.Decimal128 = Decimal128;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/code.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/code.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2984cd5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/code.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Code type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {(string|function)} code a string or function.
+ * @param {Object} [scope] an optional scope for the function.
+ * @return {Code}
+ */
+var Code = function Code(code, scope) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Code)) return new Code(code, scope);
+  this._bsontype = 'Code';
+  this.code = code;
+  this.scope = scope;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Code.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return { scope: this.scope, code: this.code };
+};
+
+module.exports = Code;
+module.exports.Code = Code;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/db_ref.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/db_ref.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f95795b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/db_ref.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON DBRef type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {string} namespace the collection name.
+ * @param {ObjectID} oid the reference ObjectID.
+ * @param {string} [db] optional db name, if omitted the reference is local to the current db.
+ * @return {DBRef}
+ */
+function DBRef(namespace, oid, db) {
+  if (!(this instanceof DBRef)) return new DBRef(namespace, oid, db);
+
+  this._bsontype = 'DBRef';
+  this.namespace = namespace;
+  this.oid = oid;
+  this.db = db;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+DBRef.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return {
+    $ref: this.namespace,
+    $id: this.oid,
+    $db: this.db == null ? '' : this.db
+  };
+};
+
+module.exports = DBRef;
+module.exports.DBRef = DBRef;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/decimal128.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/decimal128.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..924513f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/decimal128.js
@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Long = require('./long');
+
+var PARSE_STRING_REGEXP = /^(\+|-)?(\d+|(\d*\.\d*))?(E|e)?([-+])?(\d+)?$/;
+var PARSE_INF_REGEXP = /^(\+|-)?(Infinity|inf)$/i;
+var PARSE_NAN_REGEXP = /^(\+|-)?NaN$/i;
+
+var EXPONENT_MAX = 6111;
+var EXPONENT_MIN = -6176;
+var EXPONENT_BIAS = 6176;
+var MAX_DIGITS = 34;
+
+// Nan value bits as 32 bit values (due to lack of longs)
+var NAN_BUFFER = [
+  0x7c,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00
+].reverse();
+// Infinity value bits 32 bit values (due to lack of longs)
+var INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER = [
+  0xf8,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00
+].reverse();
+var INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER = [
+  0x78,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00,
+  0x00
+].reverse();
+
+var EXPONENT_REGEX = /^([-+])?(\d+)?$/;
+
+var utils = require('./parser/utils');
+
+// Detect if the value is a digit
+var isDigit = function(value) {
+  return !isNaN(parseInt(value, 10));
+};
+
+// Divide two uint128 values
+var divideu128 = function(value) {
+  var DIVISOR = Long.fromNumber(1000 * 1000 * 1000);
+  var _rem = Long.fromNumber(0);
+  var i = 0;
+
+  if (!value.parts[0] && !value.parts[1] && !value.parts[2] && !value.parts[3]) {
+    return { quotient: value, rem: _rem };
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
+    // Adjust remainder to match value of next dividend
+    _rem = _rem.shiftLeft(32);
+    // Add the divided to _rem
+    _rem = _rem.add(new Long(value.parts[i], 0));
+    value.parts[i] = _rem.div(DIVISOR).low_;
+    _rem = _rem.modulo(DIVISOR);
+  }
+
+  return { quotient: value, rem: _rem };
+};
+
+// Multiply two Long values and return the 128 bit value
+var multiply64x2 = function(left, right) {
+  if (!left && !right) {
+    return { high: Long.fromNumber(0), low: Long.fromNumber(0) };
+  }
+
+  var leftHigh = left.shiftRightUnsigned(32);
+  var leftLow = new Long(left.getLowBits(), 0);
+  var rightHigh = right.shiftRightUnsigned(32);
+  var rightLow = new Long(right.getLowBits(), 0);
+
+  var productHigh = leftHigh.multiply(rightHigh);
+  var productMid = leftHigh.multiply(rightLow);
+  var productMid2 = leftLow.multiply(rightHigh);
+  var productLow = leftLow.multiply(rightLow);
+
+  productHigh = productHigh.add(productMid.shiftRightUnsigned(32));
+  productMid = new Long(productMid.getLowBits(), 0)
+    .add(productMid2)
+    .add(productLow.shiftRightUnsigned(32));
+
+  productHigh = productHigh.add(productMid.shiftRightUnsigned(32));
+  productLow = productMid.shiftLeft(32).add(new Long(productLow.getLowBits(), 0));
+
+  // Return the 128 bit result
+  return { high: productHigh, low: productLow };
+};
+
+var lessThan = function(left, right) {
+  // Make values unsigned
+  var uhleft = left.high_ >>> 0;
+  var uhright = right.high_ >>> 0;
+
+  // Compare high bits first
+  if (uhleft < uhright) {
+    return true;
+  } else if (uhleft === uhright) {
+    var ulleft = left.low_ >>> 0;
+    var ulright = right.low_ >>> 0;
+    if (ulleft < ulright) return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+// var longtoHex = function(value) {
+//   var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(8);
+//   var index = 0;
+//   // Encode the low 64 bits of the decimal
+//   // Encode low bits
+//   buffer[index++] = value.low_ & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value.low_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value.low_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value.low_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+//   // Encode high bits
+//   buffer[index++] = value.high_ & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value.high_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value.high_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value.high_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+//   return buffer.reverse().toString('hex');
+// };
+
+// var int32toHex = function(value) {
+//   var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(4);
+//   var index = 0;
+//   // Encode the low 64 bits of the decimal
+//   // Encode low bits
+//   buffer[index++] = value & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+//   buffer[index++] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+//   return buffer.reverse().toString('hex');
+// };
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Decimal128 type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {Buffer} bytes a buffer containing the raw Decimal128 bytes.
+ * @return {Double}
+ */
+var Decimal128 = function(bytes) {
+  this._bsontype = 'Decimal128';
+  this.bytes = bytes;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a Decimal128 instance from a string representation
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} string a numeric string representation.
+ * @return {Decimal128} returns a Decimal128 instance.
+ */
+Decimal128.fromString = function(string) {
+  // Parse state tracking
+  var isNegative = false;
+  var sawRadix = false;
+  var foundNonZero = false;
+
+  // Total number of significant digits (no leading or trailing zero)
+  var significantDigits = 0;
+  // Total number of significand digits read
+  var nDigitsRead = 0;
+  // Total number of digits (no leading zeros)
+  var nDigits = 0;
+  // The number of the digits after radix
+  var radixPosition = 0;
+  // The index of the first non-zero in *str*
+  var firstNonZero = 0;
+
+  // Digits Array
+  var digits = [0];
+  // The number of digits in digits
+  var nDigitsStored = 0;
+  // Insertion pointer for digits
+  var digitsInsert = 0;
+  // The index of the first non-zero digit
+  var firstDigit = 0;
+  // The index of the last digit
+  var lastDigit = 0;
+
+  // Exponent
+  var exponent = 0;
+  // loop index over array
+  var i = 0;
+  // The high 17 digits of the significand
+  var significandHigh = [0, 0];
+  // The low 17 digits of the significand
+  var significandLow = [0, 0];
+  // The biased exponent
+  var biasedExponent = 0;
+
+  // Read index
+  var index = 0;
+
+  // Trim the string
+  string = string.trim();
+
+  // Naively prevent against REDOS attacks.
+  // TODO: implementing a custom parsing for this, or refactoring the regex would yield
+  //       further gains.
+  if (string.length >= 7000) {
+    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+  }
+
+  // Results
+  var stringMatch = string.match(PARSE_STRING_REGEXP);
+  var infMatch = string.match(PARSE_INF_REGEXP);
+  var nanMatch = string.match(PARSE_NAN_REGEXP);
+
+  // Validate the string
+  if ((!stringMatch && !infMatch && !nanMatch) || string.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+  }
+
+  // Check if we have an illegal exponent format
+  if (stringMatch && stringMatch[4] && stringMatch[2] === undefined) {
+    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+  }
+
+  // Get the negative or positive sign
+  if (string[index] === '+' || string[index] === '-') {
+    isNegative = string[index++] === '-';
+  }
+
+  // Check if user passed Infinity or NaN
+  if (!isDigit(string[index]) && string[index] !== '.') {
+    if (string[index] === 'i' || string[index] === 'I') {
+      return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+    } else if (string[index] === 'N') {
+      return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Read all the digits
+  while (isDigit(string[index]) || string[index] === '.') {
+    if (string[index] === '.') {
+      if (sawRadix) {
+        return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+      }
+
+      sawRadix = true;
+      index = index + 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (nDigitsStored < 34) {
+      if (string[index] !== '0' || foundNonZero) {
+        if (!foundNonZero) {
+          firstNonZero = nDigitsRead;
+        }
+
+        foundNonZero = true;
+
+        // Only store 34 digits
+        digits[digitsInsert++] = parseInt(string[index], 10);
+        nDigitsStored = nDigitsStored + 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (foundNonZero) {
+      nDigits = nDigits + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (sawRadix) {
+      radixPosition = radixPosition + 1;
+    }
+
+    nDigitsRead = nDigitsRead + 1;
+    index = index + 1;
+  }
+
+  if (sawRadix && !nDigitsRead) {
+    throw new Error('' + string + ' not a valid Decimal128 string');
+  }
+
+  // Read exponent if exists
+  if (string[index] === 'e' || string[index] === 'E') {
+    // Read exponent digits
+    var match = string.substr(++index).match(EXPONENT_REGEX);
+
+    // No digits read
+    if (!match || !match[2]) {
+      return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+    }
+
+    // Get exponent
+    exponent = parseInt(match[0], 10);
+
+    // Adjust the index
+    index = index + match[0].length;
+  }
+
+  // Return not a number
+  if (string[index]) {
+    return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(NAN_BUFFER));
+  }
+
+  // Done reading input
+  // Find first non-zero digit in digits
+  firstDigit = 0;
+
+  if (!nDigitsStored) {
+    firstDigit = 0;
+    lastDigit = 0;
+    digits[0] = 0;
+    nDigits = 1;
+    nDigitsStored = 1;
+    significantDigits = 0;
+  } else {
+    lastDigit = nDigitsStored - 1;
+    significantDigits = nDigits;
+
+    if (exponent !== 0 && significantDigits !== 1) {
+      while (string[firstNonZero + significantDigits - 1] === '0') {
+        significantDigits = significantDigits - 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Normalization of exponent
+  // Correct exponent based on radix position, and shift significand as needed
+  // to represent user input
+
+  // Overflow prevention
+  if (exponent <= radixPosition && radixPosition - exponent > 1 << 14) {
+    exponent = EXPONENT_MIN;
+  } else {
+    exponent = exponent - radixPosition;
+  }
+
+  // Attempt to normalize the exponent
+  while (exponent > EXPONENT_MAX) {
+    // Shift exponent to significand and decrease
+    lastDigit = lastDigit + 1;
+
+    if (lastDigit - firstDigit > MAX_DIGITS) {
+      // Check if we have a zero then just hard clamp, otherwise fail
+      var digitsString = digits.join('');
+      if (digitsString.match(/^0+$/)) {
+        exponent = EXPONENT_MAX;
+        break;
+      } else {
+        return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+      }
+    }
+
+    exponent = exponent - 1;
+  }
+
+  while (exponent < EXPONENT_MIN || nDigitsStored < nDigits) {
+    // Shift last digit
+    if (lastDigit === 0) {
+      exponent = EXPONENT_MIN;
+      significantDigits = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (nDigitsStored < nDigits) {
+      // adjust to match digits not stored
+      nDigits = nDigits - 1;
+    } else {
+      // adjust to round
+      lastDigit = lastDigit - 1;
+    }
+
+    if (exponent < EXPONENT_MAX) {
+      exponent = exponent + 1;
+    } else {
+      // Check if we have a zero then just hard clamp, otherwise fail
+      digitsString = digits.join('');
+      if (digitsString.match(/^0+$/)) {
+        exponent = EXPONENT_MAX;
+        break;
+      } else {
+        return new Decimal128(utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Round
+  // We've normalized the exponent, but might still need to round.
+  if (lastDigit - firstDigit + 1 < significantDigits && string[significantDigits] !== '0') {
+    var endOfString = nDigitsRead;
+
+    // If we have seen a radix point, 'string' is 1 longer than we have
+    // documented with ndigits_read, so inc the position of the first nonzero
+    // digit and the position that digits are read to.
+    if (sawRadix && exponent === EXPONENT_MIN) {
+      firstNonZero = firstNonZero + 1;
+      endOfString = endOfString + 1;
+    }
+
+    var roundDigit = parseInt(string[firstNonZero + lastDigit + 1], 10);
+    var roundBit = 0;
+
+    if (roundDigit >= 5) {
+      roundBit = 1;
+
+      if (roundDigit === 5) {
+        roundBit = digits[lastDigit] % 2 === 1;
+
+        for (i = firstNonZero + lastDigit + 2; i < endOfString; i++) {
+          if (parseInt(string[i], 10)) {
+            roundBit = 1;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (roundBit) {
+      var dIdx = lastDigit;
+
+      for (; dIdx >= 0; dIdx--) {
+        if (++digits[dIdx] > 9) {
+          digits[dIdx] = 0;
+
+          // overflowed most significant digit
+          if (dIdx === 0) {
+            if (exponent < EXPONENT_MAX) {
+              exponent = exponent + 1;
+              digits[dIdx] = 1;
+            } else {
+              return new Decimal128(
+                utils.toBuffer(isNegative ? INF_NEGATIVE_BUFFER : INF_POSITIVE_BUFFER)
+              );
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Encode significand
+  // The high 17 digits of the significand
+  significandHigh = Long.fromNumber(0);
+  // The low 17 digits of the significand
+  significandLow = Long.fromNumber(0);
+
+  // read a zero
+  if (significantDigits === 0) {
+    significandHigh = Long.fromNumber(0);
+    significandLow = Long.fromNumber(0);
+  } else if (lastDigit - firstDigit < 17) {
+    dIdx = firstDigit;
+    significandLow = Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx++]);
+    significandHigh = new Long(0, 0);
+
+    for (; dIdx <= lastDigit; dIdx++) {
+      significandLow = significandLow.multiply(Long.fromNumber(10));
+      significandLow = significandLow.add(Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx]));
+    }
+  } else {
+    dIdx = firstDigit;
+    significandHigh = Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx++]);
+
+    for (; dIdx <= lastDigit - 17; dIdx++) {
+      significandHigh = significandHigh.multiply(Long.fromNumber(10));
+      significandHigh = significandHigh.add(Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx]));
+    }
+
+    significandLow = Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx++]);
+
+    for (; dIdx <= lastDigit; dIdx++) {
+      significandLow = significandLow.multiply(Long.fromNumber(10));
+      significandLow = significandLow.add(Long.fromNumber(digits[dIdx]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  var significand = multiply64x2(significandHigh, Long.fromString('100000000000000000'));
+
+  significand.low = significand.low.add(significandLow);
+
+  if (lessThan(significand.low, significandLow)) {
+    significand.high = significand.high.add(Long.fromNumber(1));
+  }
+
+  // Biased exponent
+  biasedExponent = exponent + EXPONENT_BIAS;
+  var dec = { low: Long.fromNumber(0), high: Long.fromNumber(0) };
+
+  // Encode combination, exponent, and significand.
+  if (
+    significand.high
+      .shiftRightUnsigned(49)
+      .and(Long.fromNumber(1))
+      .equals(Long.fromNumber)
+  ) {
+    // Encode '11' into bits 1 to 3
+    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromNumber(0x3).shiftLeft(61));
+    dec.high = dec.high.or(
+      Long.fromNumber(biasedExponent).and(Long.fromNumber(0x3fff).shiftLeft(47))
+    );
+    dec.high = dec.high.or(significand.high.and(Long.fromNumber(0x7fffffffffff)));
+  } else {
+    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromNumber(biasedExponent & 0x3fff).shiftLeft(49));
+    dec.high = dec.high.or(significand.high.and(Long.fromNumber(0x1ffffffffffff)));
+  }
+
+  dec.low = significand.low;
+
+  // Encode sign
+  if (isNegative) {
+    dec.high = dec.high.or(Long.fromString('9223372036854775808'));
+  }
+
+  // Encode into a buffer
+  var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(16);
+  index = 0;
+
+  // Encode the low 64 bits of the decimal
+  // Encode low bits
+  buffer[index++] = dec.low.low_ & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.low.low_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.low.low_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.low.low_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Encode high bits
+  buffer[index++] = dec.low.high_ & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.low.high_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.low.high_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.low.high_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+
+  // Encode the high 64 bits of the decimal
+  // Encode low bits
+  buffer[index++] = dec.high.low_ & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.high.low_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.high.low_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.high.low_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Encode high bits
+  buffer[index++] = dec.high.high_ & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.high.high_ >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.high.high_ >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (dec.high.high_ >> 24) & 0xff;
+
+  // Return the new Decimal128
+  return new Decimal128(buffer);
+};
+
+// Extract least significant 5 bits
+var COMBINATION_MASK = 0x1f;
+// Extract least significant 14 bits
+var EXPONENT_MASK = 0x3fff;
+// Value of combination field for Inf
+var COMBINATION_INFINITY = 30;
+// Value of combination field for NaN
+var COMBINATION_NAN = 31;
+// Value of combination field for NaN
+// var COMBINATION_SNAN = 32;
+// decimal128 exponent bias
+EXPONENT_BIAS = 6176;
+
+/**
+ * Create a string representation of the raw Decimal128 value
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {string} returns a Decimal128 string representation.
+ */
+Decimal128.prototype.toString = function() {
+  // Note: bits in this routine are referred to starting at 0,
+  // from the sign bit, towards the coefficient.
+
+  // bits 0 - 31
+  var high;
+  // bits 32 - 63
+  var midh;
+  // bits 64 - 95
+  var midl;
+  // bits 96 - 127
+  var low;
+  // bits 1 - 5
+  var combination;
+  // decoded biased exponent (14 bits)
+  var biased_exponent;
+  // the number of significand digits
+  var significand_digits = 0;
+  // the base-10 digits in the significand
+  var significand = new Array(36);
+  for (var i = 0; i < significand.length; i++) significand[i] = 0;
+  // read pointer into significand
+  var index = 0;
+
+  // unbiased exponent
+  var exponent;
+  // the exponent if scientific notation is used
+  var scientific_exponent;
+
+  // true if the number is zero
+  var is_zero = false;
+
+  // the most signifcant significand bits (50-46)
+  var significand_msb;
+  // temporary storage for significand decoding
+  var significand128 = { parts: new Array(4) };
+  // indexing variables
+  i;
+  var j, k;
+
+  // Output string
+  var string = [];
+
+  // Unpack index
+  index = 0;
+
+  // Buffer reference
+  var buffer = this.bytes;
+
+  // Unpack the low 64bits into a long
+  low =
+    buffer[index++] | (buffer[index++] << 8) | (buffer[index++] << 16) | (buffer[index++] << 24);
+  midl =
+    buffer[index++] | (buffer[index++] << 8) | (buffer[index++] << 16) | (buffer[index++] << 24);
+
+  // Unpack the high 64bits into a long
+  midh =
+    buffer[index++] | (buffer[index++] << 8) | (buffer[index++] << 16) | (buffer[index++] << 24);
+  high =
+    buffer[index++] | (buffer[index++] << 8) | (buffer[index++] << 16) | (buffer[index++] << 24);
+
+  // Unpack index
+  index = 0;
+
+  // Create the state of the decimal
+  var dec = {
+    low: new Long(low, midl),
+    high: new Long(midh, high)
+  };
+
+  if (dec.high.lessThan(Long.ZERO)) {
+    string.push('-');
+  }
+
+  // Decode combination field and exponent
+  combination = (high >> 26) & COMBINATION_MASK;
+
+  if (combination >> 3 === 3) {
+    // Check for 'special' values
+    if (combination === COMBINATION_INFINITY) {
+      return string.join('') + 'Infinity';
+    } else if (combination === COMBINATION_NAN) {
+      return 'NaN';
+    } else {
+      biased_exponent = (high >> 15) & EXPONENT_MASK;
+      significand_msb = 0x08 + ((high >> 14) & 0x01);
+    }
+  } else {
+    significand_msb = (high >> 14) & 0x07;
+    biased_exponent = (high >> 17) & EXPONENT_MASK;
+  }
+
+  exponent = biased_exponent - EXPONENT_BIAS;
+
+  // Create string of significand digits
+
+  // Convert the 114-bit binary number represented by
+  // (significand_high, significand_low) to at most 34 decimal
+  // digits through modulo and division.
+  significand128.parts[0] = (high & 0x3fff) + ((significand_msb & 0xf) << 14);
+  significand128.parts[1] = midh;
+  significand128.parts[2] = midl;
+  significand128.parts[3] = low;
+
+  if (
+    significand128.parts[0] === 0 &&
+    significand128.parts[1] === 0 &&
+    significand128.parts[2] === 0 &&
+    significand128.parts[3] === 0
+  ) {
+    is_zero = true;
+  } else {
+    for (k = 3; k >= 0; k--) {
+      var least_digits = 0;
+      // Peform the divide
+      var result = divideu128(significand128);
+      significand128 = result.quotient;
+      least_digits = result.rem.low_;
+
+      // We now have the 9 least significant digits (in base 2).
+      // Convert and output to string.
+      if (!least_digits) continue;
+
+      for (j = 8; j >= 0; j--) {
+        // significand[k * 9 + j] = Math.round(least_digits % 10);
+        significand[k * 9 + j] = least_digits % 10;
+        // least_digits = Math.round(least_digits / 10);
+        least_digits = Math.floor(least_digits / 10);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Output format options:
+  // Scientific - [-]d.dddE(+/-)dd or [-]dE(+/-)dd
+  // Regular    - ddd.ddd
+
+  if (is_zero) {
+    significand_digits = 1;
+    significand[index] = 0;
+  } else {
+    significand_digits = 36;
+    i = 0;
+
+    while (!significand[index]) {
+      i++;
+      significand_digits = significand_digits - 1;
+      index = index + 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  scientific_exponent = significand_digits - 1 + exponent;
+
+  // The scientific exponent checks are dictated by the string conversion
+  // specification and are somewhat arbitrary cutoffs.
+  //
+  // We must check exponent > 0, because if this is the case, the number
+  // has trailing zeros.  However, we *cannot* output these trailing zeros,
+  // because doing so would change the precision of the value, and would
+  // change stored data if the string converted number is round tripped.
+
+  if (scientific_exponent >= 34 || scientific_exponent <= -7 || exponent > 0) {
+    // Scientific format
+    string.push(significand[index++]);
+    significand_digits = significand_digits - 1;
+
+    if (significand_digits) {
+      string.push('.');
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < significand_digits; i++) {
+      string.push(significand[index++]);
+    }
+
+    // Exponent
+    string.push('E');
+    if (scientific_exponent > 0) {
+      string.push('+' + scientific_exponent);
+    } else {
+      string.push(scientific_exponent);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Regular format with no decimal place
+    if (exponent >= 0) {
+      for (i = 0; i < significand_digits; i++) {
+        string.push(significand[index++]);
+      }
+    } else {
+      var radix_position = significand_digits + exponent;
+
+      // non-zero digits before radix
+      if (radix_position > 0) {
+        for (i = 0; i < radix_position; i++) {
+          string.push(significand[index++]);
+        }
+      } else {
+        string.push('0');
+      }
+
+      string.push('.');
+      // add leading zeros after radix
+      while (radix_position++ < 0) {
+        string.push('0');
+      }
+
+      for (i = 0; i < significand_digits - Math.max(radix_position - 1, 0); i++) {
+        string.push(significand[index++]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return string.join('');
+};
+
+Decimal128.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return { $numberDecimal: this.toString() };
+};
+
+module.exports = Decimal128;
+module.exports.Decimal128 = Decimal128;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/double.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/double.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..523c21f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/double.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Double type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {number} value the number we want to represent as a double.
+ * @return {Double}
+ */
+function Double(value) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Double)) return new Double(value);
+
+  this._bsontype = 'Double';
+  this.value = value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Access the number value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} returns the wrapped double number.
+ */
+Double.prototype.valueOf = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Double.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+module.exports = Double;
+module.exports.Double = Double;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/float_parser.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/float_parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0054a2f66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/float_parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2008, Fair Oaks Labs, Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+//  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+//  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+//    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+//  * Neither the name of Fair Oaks Labs, Inc. nor the names of its contributors
+//    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//    without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+// ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+//
+// Modifications to writeIEEE754 to support negative zeroes made by Brian White
+
+var readIEEE754 = function(buffer, offset, endian, mLen, nBytes) {
+  var e,
+    m,
+    bBE = endian === 'big',
+    eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1,
+    eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1,
+    eBias = eMax >> 1,
+    nBits = -7,
+    i = bBE ? 0 : nBytes - 1,
+    d = bBE ? 1 : -1,
+    s = buffer[offset + i];
+
+  i += d;
+
+  e = s & ((1 << -nBits) - 1);
+  s >>= -nBits;
+  nBits += eLen;
+  for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8);
+
+  m = e & ((1 << -nBits) - 1);
+  e >>= -nBits;
+  nBits += mLen;
+  for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8);
+
+  if (e === 0) {
+    e = 1 - eBias;
+  } else if (e === eMax) {
+    return m ? NaN : (s ? -1 : 1) * Infinity;
+  } else {
+    m = m + Math.pow(2, mLen);
+    e = e - eBias;
+  }
+  return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * Math.pow(2, e - mLen);
+};
+
+var writeIEEE754 = function(buffer, value, offset, endian, mLen, nBytes) {
+  var e,
+    m,
+    c,
+    bBE = endian === 'big',
+    eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1,
+    eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1,
+    eBias = eMax >> 1,
+    rt = mLen === 23 ? Math.pow(2, -24) - Math.pow(2, -77) : 0,
+    i = bBE ? nBytes - 1 : 0,
+    d = bBE ? -1 : 1,
+    s = value < 0 || (value === 0 && 1 / value < 0) ? 1 : 0;
+
+  value = Math.abs(value);
+
+  if (isNaN(value) || value === Infinity) {
+    m = isNaN(value) ? 1 : 0;
+    e = eMax;
+  } else {
+    e = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2);
+    if (value * (c = Math.pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
+      e--;
+      c *= 2;
+    }
+    if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+      value += rt / c;
+    } else {
+      value += rt * Math.pow(2, 1 - eBias);
+    }
+    if (value * c >= 2) {
+      e++;
+      c /= 2;
+    }
+
+    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
+      m = 0;
+      e = eMax;
+    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+      m = (value * c - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
+      e = e + eBias;
+    } else {
+      m = value * Math.pow(2, eBias - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
+      e = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[offset + i] = m & 0xff, i += d, m /= 256, mLen -= 8);
+
+  e = (e << mLen) | m;
+  eLen += mLen;
+  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[offset + i] = e & 0xff, i += d, e /= 256, eLen -= 8);
+
+  buffer[offset + i - d] |= s * 128;
+};
+
+exports.readIEEE754 = readIEEE754;
+exports.writeIEEE754 = writeIEEE754;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/int_32.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/int_32.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85dbdec61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/int_32.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of a BSON Int32 type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {number} value the number we want to represent as an int32.
+ * @return {Int32}
+ */
+var Int32 = function(value) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Int32)) return new Int32(value);
+
+  this._bsontype = 'Int32';
+  this.value = value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Access the number value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} returns the wrapped int32 number.
+ */
+Int32.prototype.valueOf = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Int32.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+module.exports = Int32;
+module.exports.Int32 = Int32;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/long.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/long.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..551d1a604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/long.js
@@ -0,0 +1,865 @@
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved
+
+/**
+ * Defines a Long class for representing a 64-bit two's-complement
+ * integer value, which faithfully simulates the behavior of a Java "Long". This
+ * implementation is derived from LongLib in GWT.
+ *
+ * Constructs a 64-bit two's-complement integer, given its low and high 32-bit
+ * values as *signed* integers.  See the from* functions below for more
+ * convenient ways of constructing Longs.
+ *
+ * The internal representation of a Long is the two given signed, 32-bit values.
+ * We use 32-bit pieces because these are the size of integers on which
+ * Javascript performs bit-operations.  For operations like addition and
+ * multiplication, we split each number into 16-bit pieces, which can easily be
+ * multiplied within Javascript's floating-point representation without overflow
+ * or change in sign.
+ *
+ * In the algorithms below, we frequently reduce the negative case to the
+ * positive case by negating the input(s) and then post-processing the result.
+ * Note that we must ALWAYS check specially whether those values are MIN_VALUE
+ * (-2^63) because -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE (since 2^63 cannot be represented as
+ * a positive number, it overflows back into a negative).  Not handling this
+ * case would often result in infinite recursion.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {number} low  the low (signed) 32 bits of the Long.
+ * @param {number} high the high (signed) 32 bits of the Long.
+ * @return {Long}
+ */
+function Long(low, high) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Long)) return new Long(low, high);
+
+  this._bsontype = 'Long';
+  /**
+   * @type {number}
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  this.low_ = low | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+
+  /**
+   * @type {number}
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  this.high_ = high | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the int value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the value, assuming it is a 32-bit integer.
+ */
+Long.prototype.toInt = function() {
+  return this.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the Number value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the closest floating-point representation to this value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.toNumber = function() {
+  return this.high_ * Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.getLowBitsUnsigned();
+};
+
+/** Converts the Long to a BigInt (arbitrary precision). */
+Long.prototype.toBigInt = function () {
+  return BigInt(this.toString());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the JSON value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {string} the JSON representation.
+ */
+Long.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.toString();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the String value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} [opt_radix] the radix in which the text should be written.
+ * @return {string} the textual representation of this value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.toString = function(opt_radix) {
+  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+  }
+
+  if (this.isZero()) {
+    return '0';
+  }
+
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+      // We need to change the Long value before it can be negated, so we remove
+      // the bottom-most digit in this base and then recurse to do the rest.
+      var radixLong = Long.fromNumber(radix);
+      var div = this.div(radixLong);
+      var rem = div.multiply(radixLong).subtract(this);
+      return div.toString(radix) + rem.toInt().toString(radix);
+    } else {
+      return '-' + this.negate().toString(radix);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Do several (6) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+  var radixToPower = Long.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 6));
+
+  rem = this;
+  var result = '';
+
+  while (!rem.isZero()) {
+    var remDiv = rem.div(radixToPower);
+    var intval = rem.subtract(remDiv.multiply(radixToPower)).toInt();
+    var digits = intval.toString(radix);
+
+    rem = remDiv;
+    if (rem.isZero()) {
+      return digits + result;
+    } else {
+      while (digits.length < 6) {
+        digits = '0' + digits;
+      }
+      result = '' + digits + result;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the high 32-bits value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the high 32-bits as a signed value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.getHighBits = function() {
+  return this.high_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the low 32-bits value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the low 32-bits as a signed value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.getLowBits = function() {
+  return this.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the low unsigned 32-bits value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the low 32-bits as an unsigned value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.getLowBitsUnsigned = function() {
+  return this.low_ >= 0 ? this.low_ : Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Long.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Long.
+ */
+Long.prototype.getNumBitsAbs = function() {
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+      return 64;
+    } else {
+      return this.negate().getNumBitsAbs();
+    }
+  } else {
+    var val = this.high_ !== 0 ? this.high_ : this.low_;
+    for (var bit = 31; bit > 0; bit--) {
+      if ((val & (1 << bit)) !== 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return this.high_ !== 0 ? bit + 33 : bit + 1;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this value is zero.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} whether this value is zero.
+ */
+Long.prototype.isZero = function() {
+  return this.high_ === 0 && this.low_ === 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this value is negative.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} whether this value is negative.
+ */
+Long.prototype.isNegative = function() {
+  return this.high_ < 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this value is odd.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} whether this value is odd.
+ */
+Long.prototype.isOdd = function() {
+  return (this.low_ & 1) === 1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Long equals the other
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Long equals the other
+ */
+Long.prototype.equals = function(other) {
+  return this.high_ === other.high_ && this.low_ === other.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Long does not equal the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Long does not equal the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.notEquals = function(other) {
+  return this.high_ !== other.high_ || this.low_ !== other.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Long is less than the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Long is less than the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.lessThan = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) < 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Long is less than or equal to the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Long is less than or equal to the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.lessThanOrEqual = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) <= 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Long is greater than the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Long is greater than the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.greaterThan = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) > 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Long is greater than or equal to the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Long is greater than or equal to the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.greaterThanOrEqual = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) >= 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Compares this Long with the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater, and -1 if the given one is greater.
+ */
+Long.prototype.compare = function(other) {
+  if (this.equals(other)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  var thisNeg = this.isNegative();
+  var otherNeg = other.isNegative();
+  if (thisNeg && !otherNeg) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (!thisNeg && otherNeg) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // at this point, the signs are the same, so subtraction will not overflow
+  if (this.subtract(other).isNegative()) {
+    return -1;
+  } else {
+    return 1;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * The negation of this value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {Long} the negation of this value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.negate = function() {
+  if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return Long.MIN_VALUE;
+  } else {
+    return this.not().add(Long.ONE);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the sum of this and the given Long.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to add to this one.
+ * @return {Long} the sum of this and the given Long.
+ */
+Long.prototype.add = function(other) {
+  // Divide each number into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then sum the chunks.
+
+  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var c48 = 0,
+    c32 = 0,
+    c16 = 0,
+    c00 = 0;
+  c00 += a00 + b00;
+  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+  c00 &= 0xffff;
+  c16 += a16 + b16;
+  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+  c16 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a32 + b32;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c48 += a48 + b48;
+  c48 &= 0xffff;
+  return Long.fromBits((c16 << 16) | c00, (c48 << 16) | c32);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the difference of this and the given Long.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to subtract from this.
+ * @return {Long} the difference of this and the given Long.
+ */
+Long.prototype.subtract = function(other) {
+  return this.add(other.negate());
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the product of this and the given Long.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long to multiply with this.
+ * @return {Long} the product of this and the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.multiply = function(other) {
+  if (this.isZero()) {
+    return Long.ZERO;
+  } else if (other.isZero()) {
+    return Long.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return other.isOdd() ? Long.MIN_VALUE : Long.ZERO;
+  } else if (other.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return this.isOdd() ? Long.MIN_VALUE : Long.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (other.isNegative()) {
+      return this.negate().multiply(other.negate());
+    } else {
+      return this.negate()
+        .multiply(other)
+        .negate();
+    }
+  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+    return this.multiply(other.negate()).negate();
+  }
+
+  // If both Longs are small, use float multiplication
+  if (this.lessThan(Long.TWO_PWR_24_) && other.lessThan(Long.TWO_PWR_24_)) {
+    return Long.fromNumber(this.toNumber() * other.toNumber());
+  }
+
+  // Divide each Long into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then add up 4x4 products.
+  // We can skip products that would overflow.
+
+  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var c48 = 0,
+    c32 = 0,
+    c16 = 0,
+    c00 = 0;
+  c00 += a00 * b00;
+  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+  c00 &= 0xffff;
+  c16 += a16 * b00;
+  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+  c16 &= 0xffff;
+  c16 += a00 * b16;
+  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+  c16 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a32 * b00;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a16 * b16;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a00 * b32;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c48 += a48 * b00 + a32 * b16 + a16 * b32 + a00 * b48;
+  c48 &= 0xffff;
+  return Long.fromBits((c16 << 16) | c00, (c48 << 16) | c32);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Long divided by the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long by which to divide.
+ * @return {Long} this Long divided by the given one.
+ */
+Long.prototype.div = function(other) {
+  if (other.isZero()) {
+    throw Error('division by zero');
+  } else if (this.isZero()) {
+    return Long.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    if (other.equals(Long.ONE) || other.equals(Long.NEG_ONE)) {
+      return Long.MIN_VALUE; // recall that -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE
+    } else if (other.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+      return Long.ONE;
+    } else {
+      // At this point, we have |other| >= 2, so |this/other| < |MIN_VALUE|.
+      var halfThis = this.shiftRight(1);
+      var approx = halfThis.div(other).shiftLeft(1);
+      if (approx.equals(Long.ZERO)) {
+        return other.isNegative() ? Long.ONE : Long.NEG_ONE;
+      } else {
+        var rem = this.subtract(other.multiply(approx));
+        var result = approx.add(rem.div(other));
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (other.equals(Long.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return Long.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (other.isNegative()) {
+      return this.negate().div(other.negate());
+    } else {
+      return this.negate()
+        .div(other)
+        .negate();
+    }
+  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+    return this.div(other.negate()).negate();
+  }
+
+  // Repeat the following until the remainder is less than other:  find a
+  // floating-point that approximates remainder / other *from below*, add this
+  // into the result, and subtract it from the remainder.  It is critical that
+  // the approximate value is less than or equal to the real value so that the
+  // remainder never becomes negative.
+  var res = Long.ZERO;
+  rem = this;
+  while (rem.greaterThanOrEqual(other)) {
+    // Approximate the result of division. This may be a little greater or
+    // smaller than the actual value.
+    approx = Math.max(1, Math.floor(rem.toNumber() / other.toNumber()));
+
+    // We will tweak the approximate result by changing it in the 48-th digit or
+    // the smallest non-fractional digit, whichever is larger.
+    var log2 = Math.ceil(Math.log(approx) / Math.LN2);
+    var delta = log2 <= 48 ? 1 : Math.pow(2, log2 - 48);
+
+    // Decrease the approximation until it is smaller than the remainder.  Note
+    // that if it is too large, the product overflows and is negative.
+    var approxRes = Long.fromNumber(approx);
+    var approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+    while (approxRem.isNegative() || approxRem.greaterThan(rem)) {
+      approx -= delta;
+      approxRes = Long.fromNumber(approx);
+      approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+    }
+
+    // We know the answer can't be zero... and actually, zero would cause
+    // infinite recursion since we would make no progress.
+    if (approxRes.isZero()) {
+      approxRes = Long.ONE;
+    }
+
+    res = res.add(approxRes);
+    rem = rem.subtract(approxRem);
+  }
+  return res;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Long modulo the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other Long by which to mod.
+ * @return {Long} this Long modulo the given one.
+ */
+Long.prototype.modulo = function(other) {
+  return this.subtract(this.div(other).multiply(other));
+};
+
+/**
+ * The bitwise-NOT of this value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {Long} the bitwise-NOT of this value.
+ */
+Long.prototype.not = function() {
+  return Long.fromBits(~this.low_, ~this.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the bitwise-AND of this Long and the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other the Long with which to AND.
+ * @return {Long} the bitwise-AND of this and the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.and = function(other) {
+  return Long.fromBits(this.low_ & other.low_, this.high_ & other.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the bitwise-OR of this Long and the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other the Long with which to OR.
+ * @return {Long} the bitwise-OR of this and the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.or = function(other) {
+  return Long.fromBits(this.low_ | other.low_, this.high_ | other.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the bitwise-XOR of this Long and the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Long} other the Long with which to XOR.
+ * @return {Long} the bitwise-XOR of this and the other.
+ */
+Long.prototype.xor = function(other) {
+  return Long.fromBits(this.low_ ^ other.low_, this.high_ ^ other.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the left by the given amount.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+ * @return {Long} this shifted to the left by the given amount.
+ */
+Long.prototype.shiftLeft = function(numBits) {
+  numBits &= 63;
+  if (numBits === 0) {
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    var low = this.low_;
+    if (numBits < 32) {
+      var high = this.high_;
+      return Long.fromBits(low << numBits, (high << numBits) | (low >>> (32 - numBits)));
+    } else {
+      return Long.fromBits(0, low << (numBits - 32));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the right by the given amount.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+ * @return {Long} this shifted to the right by the given amount.
+ */
+Long.prototype.shiftRight = function(numBits) {
+  numBits &= 63;
+  if (numBits === 0) {
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    var high = this.high_;
+    if (numBits < 32) {
+      var low = this.low_;
+      return Long.fromBits((low >>> numBits) | (high << (32 - numBits)), high >> numBits);
+    } else {
+      return Long.fromBits(high >> (numBits - 32), high >= 0 ? 0 : -1);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the right by the given amount, with the new top bits matching the current sign bit.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+ * @return {Long} this shifted to the right by the given amount, with zeros placed into the new leading bits.
+ */
+Long.prototype.shiftRightUnsigned = function(numBits) {
+  numBits &= 63;
+  if (numBits === 0) {
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    var high = this.high_;
+    if (numBits < 32) {
+      var low = this.low_;
+      return Long.fromBits((low >>> numBits) | (high << (32 - numBits)), high >>> numBits);
+    } else if (numBits === 32) {
+      return Long.fromBits(high, 0);
+    } else {
+      return Long.fromBits(high >>> (numBits - 32), 0);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Long representing the given (32-bit) integer value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} value the 32-bit integer in question.
+ * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+ */
+Long.fromInt = function(value) {
+  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+    var cachedObj = Long.INT_CACHE_[value];
+    if (cachedObj) {
+      return cachedObj;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var obj = new Long(value | 0, value < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+    Long.INT_CACHE_[value] = obj;
+  }
+  return obj;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Long representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} value the number in question.
+ * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+ */
+Long.fromNumber = function(value) {
+  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
+    return Long.ZERO;
+  } else if (value <= -Long.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+    return Long.MIN_VALUE;
+  } else if (value + 1 >= Long.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+    return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+  } else if (value < 0) {
+    return Long.fromNumber(-value).negate();
+  } else {
+    return new Long((value % Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_) | 0, (value / Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_) | 0);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Long representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned.
+ * @param {bigint} value - The number in question
+ * @returns {Long} The corresponding Long value
+ */
+Long.fromBigInt =  function(value) {
+  return Long.fromString(value.toString(10), 10);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Long representing the 64-bit integer that comes by concatenating the given high and low bits. Each is assumed to use 32 bits.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} lowBits the low 32-bits.
+ * @param {number} highBits the high 32-bits.
+ * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+ */
+Long.fromBits = function(lowBits, highBits) {
+  return new Long(lowBits, highBits);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Long representation of the given string, written using the given radix.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} str the textual representation of the Long.
+ * @param {number} opt_radix the radix in which the text is written.
+ * @return {Long} the corresponding Long value.
+ */
+Long.fromString = function(str, opt_radix) {
+  if (str.length === 0) {
+    throw Error('number format error: empty string');
+  }
+
+  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+  }
+
+  if (str.charAt(0) === '-') {
+    return Long.fromString(str.substring(1), radix).negate();
+  } else if (str.indexOf('-') >= 0) {
+    throw Error('number format error: interior "-" character: ' + str);
+  }
+
+  // Do several (8) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+  var radixToPower = Long.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 8));
+
+  var result = Long.ZERO;
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i += 8) {
+    var size = Math.min(8, str.length - i);
+    var value = parseInt(str.substring(i, i + size), radix);
+    if (size < 8) {
+      var power = Long.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, size));
+      result = result.multiply(power).add(Long.fromNumber(value));
+    } else {
+      result = result.multiply(radixToPower);
+      result = result.add(Long.fromNumber(value));
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+// NOTE: Common constant values ZERO, ONE, NEG_ONE, etc. are defined below the
+// from* methods on which they depend.
+
+/**
+ * A cache of the Long representations of small integer values.
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.INT_CACHE_ = {};
+
+// NOTE: the compiler should inline these constant values below and then remove
+// these variables, so there should be no runtime penalty for these.
+
+/**
+ * Number used repeated below in calculations.  This must appear before the
+ * first call to any from* function below.
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ = 1 << 16;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_24_DBL_ = 1 << 24;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ * Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_31_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ / 2;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_48_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Long.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Long.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_ = Long.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ / 2;
+
+/** @type {Long} */
+Long.ZERO = Long.fromInt(0);
+
+/** @type {Long} */
+Long.ONE = Long.fromInt(1);
+
+/** @type {Long} */
+Long.NEG_ONE = Long.fromInt(-1);
+
+/** @type {Long} */
+Long.MAX_VALUE = Long.fromBits(0xffffffff | 0, 0x7fffffff | 0);
+
+/** @type {Long} */
+Long.MIN_VALUE = Long.fromBits(0, 0x80000000 | 0);
+
+/**
+ * @type {Long}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Long.TWO_PWR_24_ = Long.fromInt(1 << 24);
+
+/**
+ * Expose.
+ */
+module.exports = Long;
+module.exports.Long = Long;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/map.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7edb4f2a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// We have an ES6 Map available, return the native instance
+if (typeof global.Map !== 'undefined') {
+  module.exports = global.Map;
+  module.exports.Map = global.Map;
+} else {
+  // We will return a polyfill
+  var Map = function(array) {
+    this._keys = [];
+    this._values = {};
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+      if (array[i] == null) continue; // skip null and undefined
+      var entry = array[i];
+      var key = entry[0];
+      var value = entry[1];
+      // Add the key to the list of keys in order
+      this._keys.push(key);
+      // Add the key and value to the values dictionary with a point
+      // to the location in the ordered keys list
+      this._values[key] = { v: value, i: this._keys.length - 1 };
+    }
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.clear = function() {
+    this._keys = [];
+    this._values = {};
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.delete = function(key) {
+    var value = this._values[key];
+    if (value == null) return false;
+    // Delete entry
+    delete this._values[key];
+    // Remove the key from the ordered keys list
+    this._keys.splice(value.i, 1);
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.entries = function() {
+    var self = this;
+    var index = 0;
+
+    return {
+      next: function() {
+        var key = self._keys[index++];
+        return {
+          value: key !== undefined ? [key, self._values[key].v] : undefined,
+          done: key !== undefined ? false : true
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.forEach = function(callback, self) {
+    self = self || this;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < this._keys.length; i++) {
+      var key = this._keys[i];
+      // Call the forEach callback
+      callback.call(self, this._values[key].v, key, self);
+    }
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.get = function(key) {
+    return this._values[key] ? this._values[key].v : undefined;
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.has = function(key) {
+    return this._values[key] != null;
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.keys = function() {
+    var self = this;
+    var index = 0;
+
+    return {
+      next: function() {
+        var key = self._keys[index++];
+        return {
+          value: key !== undefined ? key : undefined,
+          done: key !== undefined ? false : true
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.set = function(key, value) {
+    if (this._values[key]) {
+      this._values[key].v = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Add the key to the list of keys in order
+    this._keys.push(key);
+    // Add the key and value to the values dictionary with a point
+    // to the location in the ordered keys list
+    this._values[key] = { v: value, i: this._keys.length - 1 };
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  Map.prototype.values = function() {
+    var self = this;
+    var index = 0;
+
+    return {
+      next: function() {
+        var key = self._keys[index++];
+        return {
+          value: key !== undefined ? self._values[key].v : undefined,
+          done: key !== undefined ? false : true
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Last ismaster
+  Object.defineProperty(Map.prototype, 'size', {
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: function() {
+      return this._keys.length;
+    }
+  });
+
+  module.exports = Map;
+  module.exports.Map = Map;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/max_key.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/max_key.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eebca7bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/max_key.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON MaxKey type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @return {MaxKey} A MaxKey instance
+ */
+function MaxKey() {
+  if (!(this instanceof MaxKey)) return new MaxKey();
+
+  this._bsontype = 'MaxKey';
+}
+
+module.exports = MaxKey;
+module.exports.MaxKey = MaxKey;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/min_key.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/min_key.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15f45228d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/min_key.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON MinKey type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @return {MinKey} A MinKey instance
+ */
+function MinKey() {
+  if (!(this instanceof MinKey)) return new MinKey();
+
+  this._bsontype = 'MinKey';
+}
+
+module.exports = MinKey;
+module.exports.MinKey = MinKey;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/objectid.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/objectid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ebcc0343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/objectid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+// Custom inspect property name / symbol.
+var inspect = 'inspect';
+
+var utils = require('./parser/utils');
+
+/**
+ * Machine id.
+ *
+ * Create a random 3-byte value (i.e. unique for this
+ * process). Other drivers use a md5 of the machine id here, but
+ * that would mean an asyc call to gethostname, so we don't bother.
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var MACHINE_ID = parseInt(Math.random() * 0xffffff, 10);
+
+// Regular expression that checks for hex value
+var checkForHexRegExp = new RegExp('^[0-9a-fA-F]{24}$');
+
+// Check if buffer exists
+try {
+  if (Buffer && Buffer.from) {
+    var hasBufferType = true;
+    inspect = require('util').inspect.custom || 'inspect';
+  }
+} catch (err) {
+  hasBufferType = false;
+}
+
+/**
+* Create a new ObjectID instance
+*
+* @class
+* @param {(string|number)} id Can be a 24 byte hex string, 12 byte binary string or a Number.
+* @property {number} generationTime The generation time of this ObjectId instance
+* @return {ObjectID} instance of ObjectID.
+*/
+var ObjectID = function ObjectID(id) {
+  // Duck-typing to support ObjectId from different npm packages
+  if (id instanceof ObjectID) return id;
+  if (!(this instanceof ObjectID)) return new ObjectID(id);
+
+  this._bsontype = 'ObjectID';
+
+  // The most common usecase (blank id, new objectId instance)
+  if (id == null || typeof id === 'number') {
+    // Generate a new id
+    this.id = this.generate(id);
+    // If we are caching the hex string
+    if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = this.toString('hex');
+    // Return the object
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check if the passed in id is valid
+  var valid = ObjectID.isValid(id);
+
+  // Throw an error if it's not a valid setup
+  if (!valid && id != null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Argument passed in must be a single String of 12 bytes or a string of 24 hex characters'
+    );
+  } else if (valid && typeof id === 'string' && id.length === 24 && hasBufferType) {
+    return new ObjectID(utils.toBuffer(id, 'hex'));
+  } else if (valid && typeof id === 'string' && id.length === 24) {
+    return ObjectID.createFromHexString(id);
+  } else if (id != null && id.length === 12) {
+    // assume 12 byte string
+    this.id = id;
+  } else if (id != null && typeof id.toHexString === 'function') {
+    // Duck-typing to support ObjectId from different npm packages
+    return id;
+  } else {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Argument passed in must be a single String of 12 bytes or a string of 24 hex characters'
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = this.toString('hex');
+};
+
+// Allow usage of ObjectId as well as ObjectID
+// var ObjectId = ObjectID;
+
+// Precomputed hex table enables speedy hex string conversion
+var hexTable = [];
+for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+  hexTable[i] = (i <= 15 ? '0' : '') + i.toString(16);
+}
+
+/**
+* Return the ObjectID id as a 24 byte hex string representation
+*
+* @method
+* @return {string} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.toHexString = function() {
+  if (ObjectID.cacheHexString && this.__id) return this.__id;
+
+  var hexString = '';
+  if (!this.id || !this.id.length) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'invalid ObjectId, ObjectId.id must be either a string or a Buffer, but is [' +
+        JSON.stringify(this.id) +
+        ']'
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (this.id instanceof _Buffer) {
+    hexString = convertToHex(this.id);
+    if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = hexString;
+    return hexString;
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.id.length; i++) {
+    hexString += hexTable[this.id.charCodeAt(i)];
+  }
+
+  if (ObjectID.cacheHexString) this.__id = hexString;
+  return hexString;
+};
+
+/**
+* Update the ObjectID index used in generating new ObjectID's on the driver
+*
+* @method
+* @return {number} returns next index value.
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.get_inc = function() {
+  return (ObjectID.index = (ObjectID.index + 1) % 0xffffff);
+};
+
+/**
+* Update the ObjectID index used in generating new ObjectID's on the driver
+*
+* @method
+* @return {number} returns next index value.
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.getInc = function() {
+  return this.get_inc();
+};
+
+/**
+* Generate a 12 byte id buffer used in ObjectID's
+*
+* @method
+* @param {number} [time] optional parameter allowing to pass in a second based timestamp.
+* @return {Buffer} return the 12 byte id buffer string.
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.generate = function(time) {
+  if ('number' !== typeof time) {
+    time = ~~(Date.now() / 1000);
+  }
+
+  // Use pid
+  var pid =
+    (typeof process === 'undefined' || process.pid === 1
+      ? Math.floor(Math.random() * 100000)
+      : process.pid) % 0xffff;
+  var inc = this.get_inc();
+  // Buffer used
+  var buffer = utils.allocBuffer(12);
+  // Encode time
+  buffer[3] = time & 0xff;
+  buffer[2] = (time >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[1] = (time >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[0] = (time >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Encode machine
+  buffer[6] = MACHINE_ID & 0xff;
+  buffer[5] = (MACHINE_ID >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[4] = (MACHINE_ID >> 16) & 0xff;
+  // Encode pid
+  buffer[8] = pid & 0xff;
+  buffer[7] = (pid >> 8) & 0xff;
+  // Encode index
+  buffer[11] = inc & 0xff;
+  buffer[10] = (inc >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[9] = (inc >> 16) & 0xff;
+  // Return the buffer
+  return buffer;
+};
+
+/**
+* Converts the id into a 24 byte hex string for printing
+*
+* @param {String} format The Buffer toString format parameter.
+* @return {String} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.toString = function(format) {
+  // Is the id a buffer then use the buffer toString method to return the format
+  if (this.id && this.id.copy) {
+    return this.id.toString(typeof format === 'string' ? format : 'hex');
+  }
+
+  // if(this.buffer )
+  return this.toHexString();
+};
+
+/**
+* Converts to a string representation of this Id.
+*
+* @return {String} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype[inspect] = ObjectID.prototype.toString;
+
+/**
+* Converts to its JSON representation.
+*
+* @return {String} return the 24 byte hex string representation.
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.toHexString();
+};
+
+/**
+* Compares the equality of this ObjectID with `otherID`.
+*
+* @method
+* @param {object} otherID ObjectID instance to compare against.
+* @return {boolean} the result of comparing two ObjectID's
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.equals = function equals(otherId) {
+  // var id;
+
+  if (otherId instanceof ObjectID) {
+    return this.toString() === otherId.toString();
+  } else if (
+    typeof otherId === 'string' &&
+    ObjectID.isValid(otherId) &&
+    otherId.length === 12 &&
+    this.id instanceof _Buffer
+  ) {
+    return otherId === this.id.toString('binary');
+  } else if (typeof otherId === 'string' && ObjectID.isValid(otherId) && otherId.length === 24) {
+    return otherId.toLowerCase() === this.toHexString();
+  } else if (typeof otherId === 'string' && ObjectID.isValid(otherId) && otherId.length === 12) {
+    return otherId === this.id;
+  } else if (otherId != null && (otherId instanceof ObjectID || otherId.toHexString)) {
+    return otherId.toHexString() === this.toHexString();
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+* Returns the generation date (accurate up to the second) that this ID was generated.
+*
+* @method
+* @return {date} the generation date
+*/
+ObjectID.prototype.getTimestamp = function() {
+  var timestamp = new Date();
+  var time = this.id[3] | (this.id[2] << 8) | (this.id[1] << 16) | (this.id[0] << 24);
+  timestamp.setTime(Math.floor(time) * 1000);
+  return timestamp;
+};
+
+/**
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.index = ~~(Math.random() * 0xffffff);
+
+/**
+* @ignore
+*/
+ObjectID.createPk = function createPk() {
+  return new ObjectID();
+};
+
+/**
+* Creates an ObjectID from a second based number, with the rest of the ObjectID zeroed out. Used for comparisons or sorting the ObjectID.
+*
+* @method
+* @param {number} time an integer number representing a number of seconds.
+* @return {ObjectID} return the created ObjectID
+*/
+ObjectID.createFromTime = function createFromTime(time) {
+  var buffer = utils.toBuffer([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+  // Encode time into first 4 bytes
+  buffer[3] = time & 0xff;
+  buffer[2] = (time >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[1] = (time >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[0] = (time >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Return the new objectId
+  return new ObjectID(buffer);
+};
+
+// Lookup tables
+//var encodeLookup = '0123456789abcdef'.split('');
+var decodeLookup = [];
+i = 0;
+while (i < 10) decodeLookup[0x30 + i] = i++;
+while (i < 16) decodeLookup[0x41 - 10 + i] = decodeLookup[0x61 - 10 + i] = i++;
+
+var _Buffer = Buffer;
+var convertToHex = function(bytes) {
+  return bytes.toString('hex');
+};
+
+/**
+* Creates an ObjectID from a hex string representation of an ObjectID.
+*
+* @method
+* @param {string} hexString create a ObjectID from a passed in 24 byte hexstring.
+* @return {ObjectID} return the created ObjectID
+*/
+ObjectID.createFromHexString = function createFromHexString(string) {
+  // Throw an error if it's not a valid setup
+  if (typeof string === 'undefined' || (string != null && string.length !== 24)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Argument passed in must be a single String of 12 bytes or a string of 24 hex characters'
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Use Buffer.from method if available
+  if (hasBufferType) return new ObjectID(utils.toBuffer(string, 'hex'));
+
+  // Calculate lengths
+  var array = new _Buffer(12);
+  var n = 0;
+  var i = 0;
+
+  while (i < 24) {
+    array[n++] = (decodeLookup[string.charCodeAt(i++)] << 4) | decodeLookup[string.charCodeAt(i++)];
+  }
+
+  return new ObjectID(array);
+};
+
+/**
+* Checks if a value is a valid bson ObjectId
+*
+* @method
+* @return {boolean} return true if the value is a valid bson ObjectId, return false otherwise.
+*/
+ObjectID.isValid = function isValid(id) {
+  if (id == null) return false;
+
+  if (typeof id === 'number') {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof id === 'string') {
+    return id.length === 12 || (id.length === 24 && checkForHexRegExp.test(id));
+  }
+
+  if (id instanceof ObjectID) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (id instanceof _Buffer) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Duck-Typing detection of ObjectId like objects
+  if (
+      typeof id.toHexString === 'function' &&
+      (id.id instanceof _Buffer || typeof id.id === 'string')
+  ) {
+    return id.id.length === 12 || (id.id.length === 24 && checkForHexRegExp.test(id.id));
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+* @ignore
+*/
+Object.defineProperty(ObjectID.prototype, 'generationTime', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.id[3] | (this.id[2] << 8) | (this.id[1] << 16) | (this.id[0] << 24);
+  },
+  set: function(value) {
+    // Encode time into first 4 bytes
+    this.id[3] = value & 0xff;
+    this.id[2] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+    this.id[1] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+    this.id[0] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Expose.
+ */
+module.exports = ObjectID;
+module.exports.ObjectID = ObjectID;
+module.exports.ObjectId = ObjectID;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/calculate_size.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/calculate_size.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e0026ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/calculate_size.js
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Long = require('../long').Long,
+  Double = require('../double').Double,
+  Timestamp = require('../timestamp').Timestamp,
+  ObjectID = require('../objectid').ObjectID,
+  Symbol = require('../symbol').Symbol,
+  BSONRegExp = require('../regexp').BSONRegExp,
+  Code = require('../code').Code,
+  Decimal128 = require('../decimal128'),
+  MinKey = require('../min_key').MinKey,
+  MaxKey = require('../max_key').MaxKey,
+  DBRef = require('../db_ref').DBRef,
+  Binary = require('../binary').Binary;
+
+var normalizedFunctionString = require('./utils').normalizedFunctionString;
+
+// To ensure that 0.4 of node works correctly
+var isDate = function isDate(d) {
+  return typeof d === 'object' && Object.prototype.toString.call(d) === '[object Date]';
+};
+
+var calculateObjectSize = function calculateObjectSize(
+  object,
+  serializeFunctions,
+  ignoreUndefined
+) {
+  var totalLength = 4 + 1;
+
+  if (Array.isArray(object)) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < object.length; i++) {
+      totalLength += calculateElement(
+        i.toString(),
+        object[i],
+        serializeFunctions,
+        true,
+        ignoreUndefined
+      );
+    }
+  } else {
+    // If we have toBSON defined, override the current object
+    if (object.toBSON) {
+      object = object.toBSON();
+    }
+
+    // Calculate size
+    for (var key in object) {
+      totalLength += calculateElement(key, object[key], serializeFunctions, false, ignoreUndefined);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return totalLength;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+function calculateElement(name, value, serializeFunctions, isArray, ignoreUndefined) {
+  // If we have toBSON defined, override the current object
+  if (value && value.toBSON) {
+    value = value.toBSON();
+  }
+
+  switch (typeof value) {
+    case 'string':
+      return 1 + Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 + 4 + Buffer.byteLength(value, 'utf8') + 1;
+    case 'number':
+      if (Math.floor(value) === value && value >= BSON.JS_INT_MIN && value <= BSON.JS_INT_MAX) {
+        if (value >= BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN && value <= BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX) {
+          // 32 bit
+          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (4 + 1);
+        } else {
+          return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // 64 bit
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+      }
+    case 'undefined':
+      if (isArray || !ignoreUndefined)
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1;
+      return 0;
+    case 'boolean':
+      return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (1 + 1);
+    case 'object':
+      if (
+        value == null ||
+        value instanceof MinKey ||
+        value instanceof MaxKey ||
+        value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' ||
+        value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey'
+      ) {
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + 1;
+      } else if (value instanceof ObjectID || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (12 + 1);
+      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+      } else if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (1 + 4 + 1) + value.length
+        );
+      } else if (
+        value instanceof Long ||
+        value instanceof Double ||
+        value instanceof Timestamp ||
+        value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' ||
+        value['_bsontype'] === 'Double' ||
+        value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp'
+      ) {
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (8 + 1);
+      } else if (value instanceof Decimal128 || value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+        return (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (16 + 1);
+      } else if (value instanceof Code || value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+        // Calculate size depending on the availability of a scope
+        if (value.scope != null && Object.keys(value.scope).length > 0) {
+          return (
+            (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+            1 +
+            4 +
+            4 +
+            Buffer.byteLength(value.code.toString(), 'utf8') +
+            1 +
+            calculateObjectSize(value.scope, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined)
+          );
+        } else {
+          return (
+            (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+            1 +
+            4 +
+            Buffer.byteLength(value.code.toString(), 'utf8') +
+            1
+          );
+        }
+      } else if (value instanceof Binary || value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+        // Check what kind of subtype we have
+        if (value.sub_type === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+          return (
+            (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+            (value.position + 1 + 4 + 1 + 4)
+          );
+        } else {
+          return (
+            (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) + (value.position + 1 + 4 + 1)
+          );
+        }
+      } else if (value instanceof Symbol || value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+          Buffer.byteLength(value.value, 'utf8') +
+          4 +
+          1 +
+          1
+        );
+      } else if (value instanceof DBRef || value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+        // Set up correct object for serialization
+        var ordered_values = {
+          $ref: value.namespace,
+          $id: value.oid
+        };
+
+        // Add db reference if it exists
+        if (null != value.db) {
+          ordered_values['$db'] = value.db;
+        }
+
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+          1 +
+          calculateObjectSize(ordered_values, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined)
+        );
+      } else if (
+        value instanceof RegExp ||
+        Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]'
+      ) {
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+          1 +
+          Buffer.byteLength(value.source, 'utf8') +
+          1 +
+          (value.global ? 1 : 0) +
+          (value.ignoreCase ? 1 : 0) +
+          (value.multiline ? 1 : 0) +
+          1
+        );
+      } else if (value instanceof BSONRegExp || value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+          1 +
+          Buffer.byteLength(value.pattern, 'utf8') +
+          1 +
+          Buffer.byteLength(value.options, 'utf8') +
+          1
+        );
+      } else {
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+          calculateObjectSize(value, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined) +
+          1
+        );
+      }
+    case 'function':
+      // WTF for 0.4.X where typeof /someregexp/ === 'function'
+      if (
+        value instanceof RegExp ||
+        Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]' ||
+        String.call(value) === '[object RegExp]'
+      ) {
+        return (
+          (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+          1 +
+          Buffer.byteLength(value.source, 'utf8') +
+          1 +
+          (value.global ? 1 : 0) +
+          (value.ignoreCase ? 1 : 0) +
+          (value.multiline ? 1 : 0) +
+          1
+        );
+      } else {
+        if (serializeFunctions && value.scope != null && Object.keys(value.scope).length > 0) {
+          return (
+            (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+            1 +
+            4 +
+            4 +
+            Buffer.byteLength(normalizedFunctionString(value), 'utf8') +
+            1 +
+            calculateObjectSize(value.scope, serializeFunctions, ignoreUndefined)
+          );
+        } else if (serializeFunctions) {
+          return (
+            (name != null ? Buffer.byteLength(name, 'utf8') + 1 : 0) +
+            1 +
+            4 +
+            Buffer.byteLength(normalizedFunctionString(value), 'utf8') +
+            1
+          );
+        }
+      }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+var BSON = {};
+
+// BSON MAX VALUES
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+module.exports = calculateObjectSize;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/deserializer.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/deserializer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be3c8654c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/deserializer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Long = require('../long').Long,
+  Double = require('../double').Double,
+  Timestamp = require('../timestamp').Timestamp,
+  ObjectID = require('../objectid').ObjectID,
+  Symbol = require('../symbol').Symbol,
+  Code = require('../code').Code,
+  MinKey = require('../min_key').MinKey,
+  MaxKey = require('../max_key').MaxKey,
+  Decimal128 = require('../decimal128'),
+  Int32 = require('../int_32'),
+  DBRef = require('../db_ref').DBRef,
+  BSONRegExp = require('../regexp').BSONRegExp,
+  Binary = require('../binary').Binary;
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+
+var deserialize = function(buffer, options, isArray) {
+  options = options == null ? {} : options;
+  var index = options && options.index ? options.index : 0;
+  // Read the document size
+  var size =
+    buffer[index] |
+    (buffer[index + 1] << 8) |
+    (buffer[index + 2] << 16) |
+    (buffer[index + 3] << 24);
+
+  // Ensure buffer is valid size
+  if (size < 5 || buffer.length < size || size + index > buffer.length) {
+    throw new Error('corrupt bson message');
+  }
+
+  // Illegal end value
+  if (buffer[index + size - 1] !== 0) {
+    throw new Error("One object, sized correctly, with a spot for an EOO, but the EOO isn't 0x00");
+  }
+
+  // Start deserializtion
+  return deserializeObject(buffer, index, options, isArray);
+};
+
+var deserializeObject = function(buffer, index, options, isArray) {
+  var evalFunctions = options['evalFunctions'] == null ? false : options['evalFunctions'];
+  var cacheFunctions = options['cacheFunctions'] == null ? false : options['cacheFunctions'];
+  var cacheFunctionsCrc32 =
+    options['cacheFunctionsCrc32'] == null ? false : options['cacheFunctionsCrc32'];
+
+  if (!cacheFunctionsCrc32) var crc32 = null;
+
+  var fieldsAsRaw = options['fieldsAsRaw'] == null ? null : options['fieldsAsRaw'];
+
+  // Return raw bson buffer instead of parsing it
+  var raw = options['raw'] == null ? false : options['raw'];
+
+  // Return BSONRegExp objects instead of native regular expressions
+  var bsonRegExp = typeof options['bsonRegExp'] === 'boolean' ? options['bsonRegExp'] : false;
+
+  // Controls the promotion of values vs wrapper classes
+  var promoteBuffers = options['promoteBuffers'] == null ? false : options['promoteBuffers'];
+  var promoteLongs = options['promoteLongs'] == null ? true : options['promoteLongs'];
+  var promoteValues = options['promoteValues'] == null ? true : options['promoteValues'];
+
+  // Set the start index
+  var startIndex = index;
+
+  // Validate that we have at least 4 bytes of buffer
+  if (buffer.length < 5) throw new Error('corrupt bson message < 5 bytes long');
+
+  // Read the document size
+  var size =
+    buffer[index++] | (buffer[index++] << 8) | (buffer[index++] << 16) | (buffer[index++] << 24);
+
+  // Ensure buffer is valid size
+  if (size < 5 || size > buffer.length) throw new Error('corrupt bson message');
+
+  // Create holding object
+  var object = isArray ? [] : {};
+  // Used for arrays to skip having to perform utf8 decoding
+  var arrayIndex = 0;
+
+  var done = false;
+
+  // While we have more left data left keep parsing
+  // while (buffer[index + 1] !== 0) {
+  while (!done) {
+    // Read the type
+    var elementType = buffer[index++];
+    // If we get a zero it's the last byte, exit
+    if (elementType === 0) break;
+
+    // Get the start search index
+    var i = index;
+    // Locate the end of the c string
+    while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+    if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+    var name = isArray ? arrayIndex++ : buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+
+    index = i + 1;
+
+    if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING) {
+      var stringSize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      if (
+        stringSize <= 0 ||
+        stringSize > buffer.length - index ||
+        buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0
+      )
+        throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+      object[name] = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+      index = index + stringSize;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_OID) {
+      var oid = utils.allocBuffer(12);
+      buffer.copy(oid, 0, index, index + 12);
+      object[name] = new ObjectID(oid);
+      index = index + 12;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_INT && promoteValues === false) {
+      object[name] = new Int32(
+        buffer[index++] | (buffer[index++] << 8) | (buffer[index++] << 16) | (buffer[index++] << 24)
+      );
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_INT) {
+      object[name] =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER && promoteValues === false) {
+      object[name] = new Double(buffer.readDoubleLE(index));
+      index = index + 8;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER) {
+      object[name] = buffer.readDoubleLE(index);
+      index = index + 8;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE) {
+      var lowBits =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      var highBits =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      object[name] = new Date(new Long(lowBits, highBits).toNumber());
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN) {
+      if (buffer[index] !== 0 && buffer[index] !== 1) throw new Error('illegal boolean type value');
+      object[name] = buffer[index++] === 1;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT) {
+      var _index = index;
+      var objectSize =
+        buffer[index] |
+        (buffer[index + 1] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index + 2] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index + 3] << 24);
+      if (objectSize <= 0 || objectSize > buffer.length - index)
+        throw new Error('bad embedded document length in bson');
+
+      // We have a raw value
+      if (raw) {
+        object[name] = buffer.slice(index, index + objectSize);
+      } else {
+        object[name] = deserializeObject(buffer, _index, options, false);
+      }
+
+      index = index + objectSize;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY) {
+      _index = index;
+      objectSize =
+        buffer[index] |
+        (buffer[index + 1] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index + 2] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index + 3] << 24);
+      var arrayOptions = options;
+
+      // Stop index
+      var stopIndex = index + objectSize;
+
+      // All elements of array to be returned as raw bson
+      if (fieldsAsRaw && fieldsAsRaw[name]) {
+        arrayOptions = {};
+        for (var n in options) arrayOptions[n] = options[n];
+        arrayOptions['raw'] = true;
+      }
+
+      object[name] = deserializeObject(buffer, _index, arrayOptions, true);
+      index = index + objectSize;
+
+      if (buffer[index - 1] !== 0) throw new Error('invalid array terminator byte');
+      if (index !== stopIndex) throw new Error('corrupted array bson');
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED) {
+      object[name] = undefined;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL) {
+      object[name] = null;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG) {
+      // Unpack the low and high bits
+      lowBits =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      highBits =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      var long = new Long(lowBits, highBits);
+      // Promote the long if possible
+      if (promoteLongs && promoteValues === true) {
+        object[name] =
+          long.lessThanOrEqual(JS_INT_MAX_LONG) && long.greaterThanOrEqual(JS_INT_MIN_LONG)
+            ? long.toNumber()
+            : long;
+      } else {
+        object[name] = long;
+      }
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128) {
+      // Buffer to contain the decimal bytes
+      var bytes = utils.allocBuffer(16);
+      // Copy the next 16 bytes into the bytes buffer
+      buffer.copy(bytes, 0, index, index + 16);
+      // Update index
+      index = index + 16;
+      // Assign the new Decimal128 value
+      var decimal128 = new Decimal128(bytes);
+      // If we have an alternative mapper use that
+      object[name] = decimal128.toObject ? decimal128.toObject() : decimal128;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY) {
+      var binarySize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      var totalBinarySize = binarySize;
+      var subType = buffer[index++];
+
+      // Did we have a negative binary size, throw
+      if (binarySize < 0) throw new Error('Negative binary type element size found');
+
+      // Is the length longer than the document
+      if (binarySize > buffer.length) throw new Error('Binary type size larger than document size');
+
+      // Decode as raw Buffer object if options specifies it
+      if (buffer['slice'] != null) {
+        // If we have subtype 2 skip the 4 bytes for the size
+        if (subType === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+          binarySize =
+            buffer[index++] |
+            (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+            (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+            (buffer[index++] << 24);
+          if (binarySize < 0)
+            throw new Error('Negative binary type element size found for subtype 0x02');
+          if (binarySize > totalBinarySize - 4)
+            throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to long binary size');
+          if (binarySize < totalBinarySize - 4)
+            throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to short binary size');
+        }
+
+        if (promoteBuffers && promoteValues) {
+          object[name] = buffer.slice(index, index + binarySize);
+        } else {
+          object[name] = new Binary(buffer.slice(index, index + binarySize), subType);
+        }
+      } else {
+        var _buffer =
+          typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined'
+            ? new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(binarySize))
+            : new Array(binarySize);
+        // If we have subtype 2 skip the 4 bytes for the size
+        if (subType === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+          binarySize =
+            buffer[index++] |
+            (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+            (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+            (buffer[index++] << 24);
+          if (binarySize < 0)
+            throw new Error('Negative binary type element size found for subtype 0x02');
+          if (binarySize > totalBinarySize - 4)
+            throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to long binary size');
+          if (binarySize < totalBinarySize - 4)
+            throw new Error('Binary type with subtype 0x02 contains to short binary size');
+        }
+
+        // Copy the data
+        for (i = 0; i < binarySize; i++) {
+          _buffer[i] = buffer[index + i];
+        }
+
+        if (promoteBuffers && promoteValues) {
+          object[name] = _buffer;
+        } else {
+          object[name] = new Binary(_buffer, subType);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Update the index
+      index = index + binarySize;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP && bsonRegExp === false) {
+      // Get the start search index
+      i = index;
+      // Locate the end of the c string
+      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+        i++;
+      }
+      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+      // Return the C string
+      var source = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+      // Create the regexp
+      index = i + 1;
+
+      // Get the start search index
+      i = index;
+      // Locate the end of the c string
+      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+        i++;
+      }
+      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+      // Return the C string
+      var regExpOptions = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+      index = i + 1;
+
+      // For each option add the corresponding one for javascript
+      var optionsArray = new Array(regExpOptions.length);
+
+      // Parse options
+      for (i = 0; i < regExpOptions.length; i++) {
+        switch (regExpOptions[i]) {
+          case 'm':
+            optionsArray[i] = 'm';
+            break;
+          case 's':
+            optionsArray[i] = 'g';
+            break;
+          case 'i':
+            optionsArray[i] = 'i';
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      object[name] = new RegExp(source, optionsArray.join(''));
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP && bsonRegExp === true) {
+      // Get the start search index
+      i = index;
+      // Locate the end of the c string
+      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+        i++;
+      }
+      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+      // Return the C string
+      source = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+      index = i + 1;
+
+      // Get the start search index
+      i = index;
+      // Locate the end of the c string
+      while (buffer[i] !== 0x00 && i < buffer.length) {
+        i++;
+      }
+      // If are at the end of the buffer there is a problem with the document
+      if (i >= buffer.length) throw new Error('Bad BSON Document: illegal CString');
+      // Return the C string
+      regExpOptions = buffer.toString('utf8', index, i);
+      index = i + 1;
+
+      // Set the object
+      object[name] = new BSONRegExp(source, regExpOptions);
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL) {
+      stringSize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      if (
+        stringSize <= 0 ||
+        stringSize > buffer.length - index ||
+        buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0
+      )
+        throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+      object[name] = new Symbol(buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1));
+      index = index + stringSize;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP) {
+      lowBits =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      highBits =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      object[name] = new Timestamp(lowBits, highBits);
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY) {
+      object[name] = new MinKey();
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY) {
+      object[name] = new MaxKey();
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE) {
+      stringSize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      if (
+        stringSize <= 0 ||
+        stringSize > buffer.length - index ||
+        buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0
+      )
+        throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+      var functionString = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+
+      // If we are evaluating the functions
+      if (evalFunctions) {
+        // If we have cache enabled let's look for the md5 of the function in the cache
+        if (cacheFunctions) {
+          var hash = cacheFunctionsCrc32 ? crc32(functionString) : functionString;
+          // Got to do this to avoid V8 deoptimizing the call due to finding eval
+          object[name] = isolateEvalWithHash(functionCache, hash, functionString, object);
+        } else {
+          object[name] = isolateEval(functionString);
+        }
+      } else {
+        object[name] = new Code(functionString);
+      }
+
+      // Update parse index position
+      index = index + stringSize;
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE) {
+      var totalSize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+
+      // Element cannot be shorter than totalSize + stringSize + documentSize + terminator
+      if (totalSize < 4 + 4 + 4 + 1) {
+        throw new Error('code_w_scope total size shorter minimum expected length');
+      }
+
+      // Get the code string size
+      stringSize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      // Check if we have a valid string
+      if (
+        stringSize <= 0 ||
+        stringSize > buffer.length - index ||
+        buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0
+      )
+        throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+
+      // Javascript function
+      functionString = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+      // Update parse index position
+      index = index + stringSize;
+      // Parse the element
+      _index = index;
+      // Decode the size of the object document
+      objectSize =
+        buffer[index] |
+        (buffer[index + 1] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index + 2] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index + 3] << 24);
+      // Decode the scope object
+      var scopeObject = deserializeObject(buffer, _index, options, false);
+      // Adjust the index
+      index = index + objectSize;
+
+      // Check if field length is to short
+      if (totalSize < 4 + 4 + objectSize + stringSize) {
+        throw new Error('code_w_scope total size is to short, truncating scope');
+      }
+
+      // Check if totalSize field is to long
+      if (totalSize > 4 + 4 + objectSize + stringSize) {
+        throw new Error('code_w_scope total size is to long, clips outer document');
+      }
+
+      // If we are evaluating the functions
+      if (evalFunctions) {
+        // If we have cache enabled let's look for the md5 of the function in the cache
+        if (cacheFunctions) {
+          hash = cacheFunctionsCrc32 ? crc32(functionString) : functionString;
+          // Got to do this to avoid V8 deoptimizing the call due to finding eval
+          object[name] = isolateEvalWithHash(functionCache, hash, functionString, object);
+        } else {
+          object[name] = isolateEval(functionString);
+        }
+
+        object[name].scope = scopeObject;
+      } else {
+        object[name] = new Code(functionString, scopeObject);
+      }
+    } else if (elementType === BSON.BSON_DATA_DBPOINTER) {
+      // Get the code string size
+      stringSize =
+        buffer[index++] |
+        (buffer[index++] << 8) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 16) |
+        (buffer[index++] << 24);
+      // Check if we have a valid string
+      if (
+        stringSize <= 0 ||
+        stringSize > buffer.length - index ||
+        buffer[index + stringSize - 1] !== 0
+      )
+        throw new Error('bad string length in bson');
+      // Namespace
+      var namespace = buffer.toString('utf8', index, index + stringSize - 1);
+      // Update parse index position
+      index = index + stringSize;
+
+      // Read the oid
+      var oidBuffer = utils.allocBuffer(12);
+      buffer.copy(oidBuffer, 0, index, index + 12);
+      oid = new ObjectID(oidBuffer);
+
+      // Update the index
+      index = index + 12;
+
+      // Split the namespace
+      var parts = namespace.split('.');
+      var db = parts.shift();
+      var collection = parts.join('.');
+      // Upgrade to DBRef type
+      object[name] = new DBRef(collection, oid, db);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Detected unknown BSON type ' +
+          elementType.toString(16) +
+          ' for fieldname "' +
+          name +
+          '", are you using the latest BSON parser'
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check if the deserialization was against a valid array/object
+  if (size !== index - startIndex) {
+    if (isArray) throw new Error('corrupt array bson');
+    throw new Error('corrupt object bson');
+  }
+
+  // Check if we have a db ref object
+  if (object['$id'] != null) object = new DBRef(object['$ref'], object['$id'], object['$db']);
+  return object;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ensure eval is isolated.
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+var isolateEvalWithHash = function(functionCache, hash, functionString, object) {
+  // Contains the value we are going to set
+  var value = null;
+
+  // Check for cache hit, eval if missing and return cached function
+  if (functionCache[hash] == null) {
+    eval('value = ' + functionString);
+    functionCache[hash] = value;
+  }
+  // Set the object
+  return functionCache[hash].bind(object);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ensure eval is isolated.
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+var isolateEval = function(functionString) {
+  // Contains the value we are going to set
+  var value = null;
+  // Eval the function
+  eval('value = ' + functionString);
+  return value;
+};
+
+var BSON = {};
+
+/**
+ * Contains the function cache if we have that enable to allow for avoiding the eval step on each deserialization, comparison is by md5
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+var functionCache = (BSON.functionCache = {});
+
+/**
+ * Number BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NUMBER
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER = 1;
+/**
+ * String BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_STRING
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING = 2;
+/**
+ * Object BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OBJECT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT = 3;
+/**
+ * Array BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_ARRAY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY = 4;
+/**
+ * Binary BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BINARY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY = 5;
+/**
+ * Binary BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED = 6;
+/**
+ * ObjectID BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OID
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_OID = 7;
+/**
+ * Boolean BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN = 8;
+/**
+ * Date BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DATE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE = 9;
+/**
+ * null BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NULL
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL = 10;
+/**
+ * RegExp BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_REGEXP
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP = 11;
+/**
+ * Code BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DBPOINTER
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_DBPOINTER = 12;
+/**
+ * Code BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE = 13;
+/**
+ * Symbol BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_SYMBOL
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL = 14;
+/**
+ * Code with Scope BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE = 15;
+/**
+ * 32 bit Integer BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_INT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_INT = 16;
+/**
+ * Timestamp BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP = 17;
+/**
+ * Long BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_LONG
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG = 18;
+/**
+ * Long BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128 = 19;
+/**
+ * MinKey BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY = 0xff;
+/**
+ * MaxKey BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY = 0x7f;
+
+/**
+ * Binary Default Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+/**
+ * Binary Function Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+/**
+ * Binary Byte Array Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+/**
+ * Binary UUID Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID = 3;
+/**
+ * Binary MD5 Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5 = 4;
+/**
+ * Binary User Defined Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+// BSON MAX VALUES
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+// Internal long versions
+var JS_INT_MAX_LONG = Long.fromNumber(0x20000000000000); // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+var JS_INT_MIN_LONG = Long.fromNumber(-0x20000000000000); // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+module.exports = deserialize;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/serializer.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/serializer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fab9b6f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/serializer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1194 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var writeIEEE754 = require('../float_parser').writeIEEE754,
+  Long = require('../long').Long,
+  Map = require('../map'),
+  Binary = require('../binary').Binary;
+
+var normalizedFunctionString = require('./utils').normalizedFunctionString;
+
+// try {
+//   var _Buffer = Uint8Array;
+// } catch (e) {
+//   _Buffer = Buffer;
+// }
+
+var regexp = /\x00/; // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+var ignoreKeys = ['$db', '$ref', '$id', '$clusterTime'];
+
+// To ensure that 0.4 of node works correctly
+var isDate = function isDate(d) {
+  return typeof d === 'object' && Object.prototype.toString.call(d) === '[object Date]';
+};
+
+var isRegExp = function isRegExp(d) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(d) === '[object RegExp]';
+};
+
+var serializeString = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Encode String type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes + 1;
+  buffer[index - 1] = 0;
+  // Write the string
+  var size = buffer.write(value, index + 4, 'utf8');
+  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+  buffer[index + 3] = ((size + 1) >> 24) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 2] = ((size + 1) >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 1] = ((size + 1) >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index] = (size + 1) & 0xff;
+  // Update index
+  index = index + 4 + size;
+  // Write zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeNumber = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // We have an integer value
+  if (Math.floor(value) === value && value >= BSON.JS_INT_MIN && value <= BSON.JS_INT_MAX) {
+    // If the value fits in 32 bits encode as int, if it fits in a double
+    // encode it as a double, otherwise long
+    if (value >= BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN && value <= BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX) {
+      // Set int type 32 bits or less
+      buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_INT;
+      // Number of written bytes
+      var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+        ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+        : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+      // Encode the name
+      index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+      buffer[index++] = 0;
+      // Write the int value
+      buffer[index++] = value & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+    } else if (value >= BSON.JS_INT_MIN && value <= BSON.JS_INT_MAX) {
+      // Encode as double
+      buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER;
+      // Number of written bytes
+      numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+        ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+        : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+      // Encode the name
+      index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+      buffer[index++] = 0;
+      // Write float
+      writeIEEE754(buffer, value, index, 'little', 52, 8);
+      // Ajust index
+      index = index + 8;
+    } else {
+      // Set long type
+      buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG;
+      // Number of written bytes
+      numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+        ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+        : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+      // Encode the name
+      index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+      buffer[index++] = 0;
+      var longVal = Long.fromNumber(value);
+      var lowBits = longVal.getLowBits();
+      var highBits = longVal.getHighBits();
+      // Encode low bits
+      buffer[index++] = lowBits & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 8) & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 16) & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 24) & 0xff;
+      // Encode high bits
+      buffer[index++] = highBits & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 8) & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 16) & 0xff;
+      buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 24) & 0xff;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Encode as double
+    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER;
+    // Number of written bytes
+    numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+      ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+      : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+    // Encode the name
+    index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+    buffer[index++] = 0;
+    // Write float
+    writeIEEE754(buffer, value, index, 'little', 52, 8);
+    // Ajust index
+    index = index + 8;
+  }
+
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeNull = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Set long type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeBoolean = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Encode the boolean value
+  buffer[index++] = value ? 1 : 0;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeDate = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+  // Write the date
+  var dateInMilis = Long.fromNumber(value.getTime());
+  var lowBits = dateInMilis.getLowBits();
+  var highBits = dateInMilis.getHighBits();
+  // Encode low bits
+  buffer[index++] = lowBits & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Encode high bits
+  buffer[index++] = highBits & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 24) & 0xff;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeRegExp = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  if (value.source && value.source.match(regexp) != null) {
+    throw Error('value ' + value.source + ' must not contain null bytes');
+  }
+  // Adjust the index
+  index = index + buffer.write(value.source, index, 'utf8');
+  // Write zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+  // Write the parameters
+  if (value.global) buffer[index++] = 0x73; // s
+  if (value.ignoreCase) buffer[index++] = 0x69; // i
+  if (value.multiline) buffer[index++] = 0x6d; // m
+  // Add ending zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeBSONRegExp = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+  // Check the pattern for 0 bytes
+  if (value.pattern.match(regexp) != null) {
+    // The BSON spec doesn't allow keys with null bytes because keys are
+    // null-terminated.
+    throw Error('pattern ' + value.pattern + ' must not contain null bytes');
+  }
+
+  // Adjust the index
+  index = index + buffer.write(value.pattern, index, 'utf8');
+  // Write zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+  // Write the options
+  index =
+    index +
+    buffer.write(
+      value.options
+        .split('')
+        .sort()
+        .join(''),
+      index,
+      'utf8'
+    );
+  // Add ending zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeMinMax = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type of either min or max key
+  if (value === null) {
+    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL;
+  } else if (value._bsontype === 'MinKey') {
+    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY;
+  } else {
+    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY;
+  }
+
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeObjectId = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_OID;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+  // Write the objectId into the shared buffer
+  if (typeof value.id === 'string') {
+    buffer.write(value.id, index, 'binary');
+  } else if (value.id && value.id.copy) {
+    value.id.copy(buffer, index, 0, 12);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('object [' + JSON.stringify(value) + '] is not a valid ObjectId');
+  }
+
+  // Ajust index
+  return index + 12;
+};
+
+var serializeBuffer = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Get size of the buffer (current write point)
+  var size = value.length;
+  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+  buffer[index++] = size & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Write the default subtype
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT;
+  // Copy the content form the binary field to the buffer
+  value.copy(buffer, index, 0, size);
+  // Adjust the index
+  index = index + size;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeObject = function(
+  buffer,
+  key,
+  value,
+  index,
+  checkKeys,
+  depth,
+  serializeFunctions,
+  ignoreUndefined,
+  isArray,
+  path
+) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < path.length; i++) {
+    if (path[i] === value) throw new Error('cyclic dependency detected');
+  }
+
+  // Push value to stack
+  path.push(value);
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = Array.isArray(value) ? BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY : BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  var endIndex = serializeInto(
+    buffer,
+    value,
+    checkKeys,
+    index,
+    depth + 1,
+    serializeFunctions,
+    ignoreUndefined,
+    path
+  );
+  // Pop stack
+  path.pop();
+  // Write size
+  return endIndex;
+};
+
+var serializeDecimal128 = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Write the data from the value
+  value.bytes.copy(buffer, index, 0, 16);
+  return index + 16;
+};
+
+var serializeLong = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = value._bsontype === 'Long' ? BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG : BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Write the date
+  var lowBits = value.getLowBits();
+  var highBits = value.getHighBits();
+  // Encode low bits
+  buffer[index++] = lowBits & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (lowBits >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Encode high bits
+  buffer[index++] = highBits & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (highBits >> 24) & 0xff;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeInt32 = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Set int type 32 bits or less
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_INT;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Write the int value
+  buffer[index++] = value & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeDouble = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Encode as double
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Write float
+  writeIEEE754(buffer, value, index, 'little', 52, 8);
+  // Ajust index
+  index = index + 8;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeFunction = function(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, isArray) {
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Function string
+  var functionString = normalizedFunctionString(value);
+
+  // Write the string
+  var size = buffer.write(functionString, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+  buffer[index] = size & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 1] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 2] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 3] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Update index
+  index = index + 4 + size - 1;
+  // Write zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeCode = function(
+  buffer,
+  key,
+  value,
+  index,
+  checkKeys,
+  depth,
+  serializeFunctions,
+  ignoreUndefined,
+  isArray
+) {
+  if (value.scope && typeof value.scope === 'object') {
+    // Write the type
+    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE;
+    // Number of written bytes
+    var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+      ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+      : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+    // Encode the name
+    index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+    buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+    // Starting index
+    var startIndex = index;
+
+    // Serialize the function
+    // Get the function string
+    var functionString = typeof value.code === 'string' ? value.code : value.code.toString();
+    // Index adjustment
+    index = index + 4;
+    // Write string into buffer
+    var codeSize = buffer.write(functionString, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+    // Write the size of the string to buffer
+    buffer[index] = codeSize & 0xff;
+    buffer[index + 1] = (codeSize >> 8) & 0xff;
+    buffer[index + 2] = (codeSize >> 16) & 0xff;
+    buffer[index + 3] = (codeSize >> 24) & 0xff;
+    // Write end 0
+    buffer[index + 4 + codeSize - 1] = 0;
+    // Write the
+    index = index + codeSize + 4;
+
+    //
+    // Serialize the scope value
+    var endIndex = serializeInto(
+      buffer,
+      value.scope,
+      checkKeys,
+      index,
+      depth + 1,
+      serializeFunctions,
+      ignoreUndefined
+    );
+    index = endIndex - 1;
+
+    // Writ the total
+    var totalSize = endIndex - startIndex;
+
+    // Write the total size of the object
+    buffer[startIndex++] = totalSize & 0xff;
+    buffer[startIndex++] = (totalSize >> 8) & 0xff;
+    buffer[startIndex++] = (totalSize >> 16) & 0xff;
+    buffer[startIndex++] = (totalSize >> 24) & 0xff;
+    // Write trailing zero
+    buffer[index++] = 0;
+  } else {
+    buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE;
+    // Number of written bytes
+    numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+      ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+      : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+    // Encode the name
+    index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+    buffer[index++] = 0;
+    // Function string
+    functionString = value.code.toString();
+    // Write the string
+    var size = buffer.write(functionString, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+    // Write the size of the string to buffer
+    buffer[index] = size & 0xff;
+    buffer[index + 1] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+    buffer[index + 2] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+    buffer[index + 3] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+    // Update index
+    index = index + 4 + size - 1;
+    // Write zero
+    buffer[index++] = 0;
+  }
+
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeBinary = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Extract the buffer
+  var data = value.value(true);
+  // Calculate size
+  var size = value.position;
+  // Add the deprecated 02 type 4 bytes of size to total
+  if (value.sub_type === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) size = size + 4;
+  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+  buffer[index++] = size & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index++] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Write the subtype to the buffer
+  buffer[index++] = value.sub_type;
+
+  // If we have binary type 2 the 4 first bytes are the size
+  if (value.sub_type === Binary.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY) {
+    size = size - 4;
+    buffer[index++] = size & 0xff;
+    buffer[index++] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+    buffer[index++] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+    buffer[index++] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  }
+
+  // Write the data to the object
+  data.copy(buffer, index, 0, value.position);
+  // Adjust the index
+  index = index + value.position;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeSymbol = function(buffer, key, value, index, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+  // Write the string
+  var size = buffer.write(value.value, index + 4, 'utf8') + 1;
+  // Write the size of the string to buffer
+  buffer[index] = size & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 1] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 2] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[index + 3] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Update index
+  index = index + 4 + size - 1;
+  // Write zero
+  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var serializeDBRef = function(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions, isArray) {
+  // Write the type
+  buffer[index++] = BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT;
+  // Number of written bytes
+  var numberOfWrittenBytes = !isArray
+    ? buffer.write(key, index, 'utf8')
+    : buffer.write(key, index, 'ascii');
+
+  // Encode the name
+  index = index + numberOfWrittenBytes;
+  buffer[index++] = 0;
+
+  var startIndex = index;
+  var endIndex;
+
+  // Serialize object
+  if (null != value.db) {
+    endIndex = serializeInto(
+      buffer,
+      {
+        $ref: value.namespace,
+        $id: value.oid,
+        $db: value.db
+      },
+      false,
+      index,
+      depth + 1,
+      serializeFunctions
+    );
+  } else {
+    endIndex = serializeInto(
+      buffer,
+      {
+        $ref: value.namespace,
+        $id: value.oid
+      },
+      false,
+      index,
+      depth + 1,
+      serializeFunctions
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Calculate object size
+  var size = endIndex - startIndex;
+  // Write the size
+  buffer[startIndex++] = size & 0xff;
+  buffer[startIndex++] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[startIndex++] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[startIndex++] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  // Set index
+  return endIndex;
+};
+
+var serializeInto = function serializeInto(
+  buffer,
+  object,
+  checkKeys,
+  startingIndex,
+  depth,
+  serializeFunctions,
+  ignoreUndefined,
+  path
+) {
+  startingIndex = startingIndex || 0;
+  path = path || [];
+
+  // Push the object to the path
+  path.push(object);
+
+  // Start place to serialize into
+  var index = startingIndex + 4;
+  // var self = this;
+
+  // Special case isArray
+  if (Array.isArray(object)) {
+    // Get object keys
+    for (var i = 0; i < object.length; i++) {
+      var key = '' + i;
+      var value = object[i];
+
+      // Is there an override value
+      if (value && value.toBSON) {
+        if (typeof value.toBSON !== 'function') throw new Error('toBSON is not a function');
+        value = value.toBSON();
+      }
+
+      var type = typeof value;
+      if (type === 'string') {
+        index = serializeString(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (type === 'number') {
+        index = serializeNumber(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else  if(type === 'bigint') {
+        throw new TypeError('Unsupported type BigInt, please use Decimal128');
+      } else if (type === 'boolean') {
+        index = serializeBoolean(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+        index = serializeDate(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value === undefined) {
+        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value === null) {
+        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+        index = serializeObjectId(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+        index = serializeBuffer(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || isRegExp(value)) {
+        index = serializeRegExp(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] == null) {
+        index = serializeObject(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          ignoreUndefined,
+          true,
+          path
+        );
+      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+        index = serializeDecimal128(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+        index = serializeLong(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Double') {
+        index = serializeDouble(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (typeof value === 'function' && serializeFunctions) {
+        index = serializeFunction(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          true
+        );
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+        index = serializeCode(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          ignoreUndefined,
+          true
+        );
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+        index = serializeBinary(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+        index = serializeSymbol(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+        index = serializeDBRef(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+        index = serializeBSONRegExp(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Int32') {
+        index = serializeInt32(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+        index = serializeMinMax(buffer, key, value, index, true);
+      } else if (typeof value['_bsontype'] !== 'undefined') {
+        throw new TypeError('Unrecognized or invalid _bsontype: ' + value['_bsontype']);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (object instanceof Map) {
+    var iterator = object.entries();
+    var done = false;
+
+    while (!done) {
+      // Unpack the next entry
+      var entry = iterator.next();
+      done = entry.done;
+      // Are we done, then skip and terminate
+      if (done) continue;
+
+      // Get the entry values
+      key = entry.value[0];
+      value = entry.value[1];
+
+      // Check the type of the value
+      type = typeof value;
+
+      // Check the key and throw error if it's illegal
+      if (typeof key === 'string' && ignoreKeys.indexOf(key) === -1) {
+        if (key.match(regexp) != null) {
+          // The BSON spec doesn't allow keys with null bytes because keys are
+          // null-terminated.
+          throw Error('key ' + key + ' must not contain null bytes');
+        }
+
+        if (checkKeys) {
+          if ('$' === key[0]) {
+            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not start with '$'");
+          } else if (~key.indexOf('.')) {
+            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not contain '.'");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (type === 'string') {
+        index = serializeString(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (type === 'number') {
+        index = serializeNumber(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if(type === 'bigint') {
+        throw new TypeError('Unsupported type BigInt, please use Decimal128');
+      } else if (type === 'boolean') {
+        index = serializeBoolean(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+        index = serializeDate(buffer, key, value, index);
+        // } else if (value === undefined && ignoreUndefined === true) {
+      } else if (value === null || (value === undefined && ignoreUndefined === false)) {
+        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+        index = serializeObjectId(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+        index = serializeBuffer(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || isRegExp(value)) {
+        index = serializeRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] == null) {
+        index = serializeObject(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          ignoreUndefined,
+          false,
+          path
+        );
+      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+        index = serializeDecimal128(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+        index = serializeLong(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Double') {
+        index = serializeDouble(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+        index = serializeCode(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          ignoreUndefined
+        );
+      } else if (typeof value === 'function' && serializeFunctions) {
+        index = serializeFunction(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+        index = serializeBinary(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+        index = serializeSymbol(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+        index = serializeDBRef(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+        index = serializeBSONRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Int32') {
+        index = serializeInt32(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+        index = serializeMinMax(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (typeof value['_bsontype'] !== 'undefined') {
+        throw new TypeError('Unrecognized or invalid _bsontype: ' + value['_bsontype']);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Did we provide a custom serialization method
+    if (object.toBSON) {
+      if (typeof object.toBSON !== 'function') throw new Error('toBSON is not a function');
+      object = object.toBSON();
+      if (object != null && typeof object !== 'object')
+        throw new Error('toBSON function did not return an object');
+    }
+
+    // Iterate over all the keys
+    for (key in object) {
+      value = object[key];
+      // Is there an override value
+      if (value && value.toBSON) {
+        if (typeof value.toBSON !== 'function') throw new Error('toBSON is not a function');
+        value = value.toBSON();
+      }
+
+      // Check the type of the value
+      type = typeof value;
+
+      // Check the key and throw error if it's illegal
+      if (typeof key === 'string' && ignoreKeys.indexOf(key) === -1) {
+        if (key.match(regexp) != null) {
+          // The BSON spec doesn't allow keys with null bytes because keys are
+          // null-terminated.
+          throw Error('key ' + key + ' must not contain null bytes');
+        }
+
+        if (checkKeys) {
+          if ('$' === key[0]) {
+            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not start with '$'");
+          } else if (~key.indexOf('.')) {
+            throw Error('key ' + key + " must not contain '.'");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (type === 'string') {
+        index = serializeString(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (type === 'number') {
+        index = serializeNumber(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if(type === 'bigint') {
+        throw new TypeError('Unsupported type BigInt, please use Decimal128');
+      } else if (type === 'boolean') {
+        index = serializeBoolean(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value instanceof Date || isDate(value)) {
+        index = serializeDate(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value === undefined) {
+        if (ignoreUndefined === false) index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value === null) {
+        index = serializeNull(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectID' || value['_bsontype'] === 'ObjectId') {
+        index = serializeObjectId(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+        index = serializeBuffer(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value instanceof RegExp || isRegExp(value)) {
+        index = serializeRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] == null) {
+        index = serializeObject(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          ignoreUndefined,
+          false,
+          path
+        );
+      } else if (type === 'object' && value['_bsontype'] === 'Decimal128') {
+        index = serializeDecimal128(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Long' || value['_bsontype'] === 'Timestamp') {
+        index = serializeLong(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Double') {
+        index = serializeDouble(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Code') {
+        index = serializeCode(
+          buffer,
+          key,
+          value,
+          index,
+          checkKeys,
+          depth,
+          serializeFunctions,
+          ignoreUndefined
+        );
+      } else if (typeof value === 'function' && serializeFunctions) {
+        index = serializeFunction(buffer, key, value, index, checkKeys, depth, serializeFunctions);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Binary') {
+        index = serializeBinary(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Symbol') {
+        index = serializeSymbol(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'DBRef') {
+        index = serializeDBRef(buffer, key, value, index, depth, serializeFunctions);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'BSONRegExp') {
+        index = serializeBSONRegExp(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'Int32') {
+        index = serializeInt32(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (value['_bsontype'] === 'MinKey' || value['_bsontype'] === 'MaxKey') {
+        index = serializeMinMax(buffer, key, value, index);
+      } else if (typeof value['_bsontype'] !== 'undefined') {
+        throw new TypeError('Unrecognized or invalid _bsontype: ' + value['_bsontype']);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove the path
+  path.pop();
+
+  // Final padding byte for object
+  buffer[index++] = 0x00;
+
+  // Final size
+  var size = index - startingIndex;
+  // Write the size of the object
+  buffer[startingIndex++] = size & 0xff;
+  buffer[startingIndex++] = (size >> 8) & 0xff;
+  buffer[startingIndex++] = (size >> 16) & 0xff;
+  buffer[startingIndex++] = (size >> 24) & 0xff;
+  return index;
+};
+
+var BSON = {};
+
+/**
+ * Contains the function cache if we have that enable to allow for avoiding the eval step on each deserialization, comparison is by md5
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+// var functionCache = (BSON.functionCache = {});
+
+/**
+ * Number BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NUMBER
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_NUMBER = 1;
+/**
+ * String BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_STRING
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_STRING = 2;
+/**
+ * Object BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OBJECT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_OBJECT = 3;
+/**
+ * Array BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_ARRAY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_ARRAY = 4;
+/**
+ * Binary BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BINARY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_BINARY = 5;
+/**
+ * ObjectID BSON Type, deprecated
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_UNDEFINED = 6;
+/**
+ * ObjectID BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_OID
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_OID = 7;
+/**
+ * Boolean BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_BOOLEAN = 8;
+/**
+ * Date BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DATE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_DATE = 9;
+/**
+ * null BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_NULL
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_NULL = 10;
+/**
+ * RegExp BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_REGEXP
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_REGEXP = 11;
+/**
+ * Code BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE = 13;
+/**
+ * Symbol BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_SYMBOL
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_SYMBOL = 14;
+/**
+ * Code with Scope BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_CODE_W_SCOPE = 15;
+/**
+ * 32 bit Integer BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_INT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_INT = 16;
+/**
+ * Timestamp BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_TIMESTAMP = 17;
+/**
+ * Long BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_LONG
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_LONG = 18;
+/**
+ * Long BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_DECIMAL128 = 19;
+/**
+ * MinKey BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_MIN_KEY = 0xff;
+/**
+ * MaxKey BSON Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_DATA_MAX_KEY = 0x7f;
+/**
+ * Binary Default Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT = 0;
+/**
+ * Binary Function Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION = 1;
+/**
+ * Binary Byte Array Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 2;
+/**
+ * Binary UUID Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID = 3;
+/**
+ * Binary MD5 Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5 = 4;
+/**
+ * Binary User Defined Type
+ *
+ * @classconstant BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+ **/
+BSON.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED = 128;
+
+// BSON MAX VALUES
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+BSON.BSON_INT32_MIN = -0x80000000;
+
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MAX = Math.pow(2, 63) - 1;
+BSON.BSON_INT64_MIN = -Math.pow(2, 63);
+
+// JS MAX PRECISE VALUES
+BSON.JS_INT_MAX = 0x20000000000000; // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+BSON.JS_INT_MIN = -0x20000000000000; // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+// Internal long versions
+// var JS_INT_MAX_LONG = Long.fromNumber(0x20000000000000); // Any integer up to 2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+// var JS_INT_MIN_LONG = Long.fromNumber(-0x20000000000000); // Any integer down to -2^53 can be precisely represented by a double.
+
+module.exports = serializeInto;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6faa43969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/parser/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes our expected stringified form of a function across versions of node
+ * @param {Function} fn The function to stringify
+ */
+function normalizedFunctionString(fn) {
+  return fn.toString().replace(/function *\(/, 'function (');
+}
+
+function newBuffer(item, encoding) {
+  return new Buffer(item, encoding);
+}
+
+function allocBuffer() {
+  return Buffer.alloc.apply(Buffer, arguments);
+}
+
+function toBuffer() {
+  return Buffer.from.apply(Buffer, arguments);
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  normalizedFunctionString: normalizedFunctionString,
+  allocBuffer: typeof Buffer.alloc === 'function' ? allocBuffer : newBuffer,
+  toBuffer: typeof Buffer.from === 'function' ? toBuffer : newBuffer
+};
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/regexp.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/regexp.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..108f01666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/regexp.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON RegExp type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @return {BSONRegExp} A MinKey instance
+ */
+function BSONRegExp(pattern, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof BSONRegExp)) return new BSONRegExp();
+
+  // Execute
+  this._bsontype = 'BSONRegExp';
+  this.pattern = pattern || '';
+  this.options = options || '';
+
+  // Validate options
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.options.length; i++) {
+    if (
+      !(
+        this.options[i] === 'i' ||
+        this.options[i] === 'm' ||
+        this.options[i] === 'x' ||
+        this.options[i] === 'l' ||
+        this.options[i] === 's' ||
+        this.options[i] === 'u'
+      )
+    ) {
+      throw new Error('the regular expression options [' + this.options[i] + '] is not supported');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = BSONRegExp;
+module.exports.BSONRegExp = BSONRegExp;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/symbol.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/symbol.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba20cabea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/symbol.js
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Custom inspect property name / symbol.
+var inspect = Buffer ? require('util').inspect.custom || 'inspect' : 'inspect';
+
+/**
+ * A class representation of the BSON Symbol type.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {string} value the string representing the symbol.
+ * @return {Symbol}
+ */
+function Symbol(value) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Symbol)) return new Symbol(value);
+  this._bsontype = 'Symbol';
+  this.value = value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Access the wrapped string value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {String} returns the wrapped string.
+ */
+Symbol.prototype.valueOf = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Symbol.prototype.toString = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Symbol.prototype[inspect] = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Symbol.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+module.exports = Symbol;
+module.exports.Symbol = Symbol;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/timestamp.js b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/timestamp.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc61a6ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/lib/bson/timestamp.js
@@ -0,0 +1,854 @@
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved
+
+/**
+ * This type is for INTERNAL use in MongoDB only and should not be used in applications.
+ * The appropriate corresponding type is the JavaScript Date type.
+ * 
+ * Defines a Timestamp class for representing a 64-bit two's-complement
+ * integer value, which faithfully simulates the behavior of a Java "Timestamp". This
+ * implementation is derived from TimestampLib in GWT.
+ *
+ * Constructs a 64-bit two's-complement integer, given its low and high 32-bit
+ * values as *signed* integers.  See the from* functions below for more
+ * convenient ways of constructing Timestamps.
+ *
+ * The internal representation of a Timestamp is the two given signed, 32-bit values.
+ * We use 32-bit pieces because these are the size of integers on which
+ * Javascript performs bit-operations.  For operations like addition and
+ * multiplication, we split each number into 16-bit pieces, which can easily be
+ * multiplied within Javascript's floating-point representation without overflow
+ * or change in sign.
+ *
+ * In the algorithms below, we frequently reduce the negative case to the
+ * positive case by negating the input(s) and then post-processing the result.
+ * Note that we must ALWAYS check specially whether those values are MIN_VALUE
+ * (-2^63) because -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE (since 2^63 cannot be represented as
+ * a positive number, it overflows back into a negative).  Not handling this
+ * case would often result in infinite recursion.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {number} low  the low (signed) 32 bits of the Timestamp.
+ * @param {number} high the high (signed) 32 bits of the Timestamp.
+ */
+function Timestamp(low, high) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Timestamp)) return new Timestamp(low, high);
+  this._bsontype = 'Timestamp';
+  /**
+   * @type {number}
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  this.low_ = low | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+
+  /**
+   * @type {number}
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  this.high_ = high | 0; // force into 32 signed bits.
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the int value.
+ *
+ * @return {number} the value, assuming it is a 32-bit integer.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.toInt = function() {
+  return this.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the Number value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the closest floating-point representation to this value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.toNumber = function() {
+  return this.high_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.getLowBitsUnsigned();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the JSON value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {string} the JSON representation.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  return this.toString();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the String value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} [opt_radix] the radix in which the text should be written.
+ * @return {string} the textual representation of this value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.toString = function(opt_radix) {
+  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+  }
+
+  if (this.isZero()) {
+    return '0';
+  }
+
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+      // We need to change the Timestamp value before it can be negated, so we remove
+      // the bottom-most digit in this base and then recurse to do the rest.
+      var radixTimestamp = Timestamp.fromNumber(radix);
+      var div = this.div(radixTimestamp);
+      var rem = div.multiply(radixTimestamp).subtract(this);
+      return div.toString(radix) + rem.toInt().toString(radix);
+    } else {
+      return '-' + this.negate().toString(radix);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Do several (6) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+  var radixToPower = Timestamp.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 6));
+
+  rem = this;
+  var result = '';
+
+  while (!rem.isZero()) {
+    var remDiv = rem.div(radixToPower);
+    var intval = rem.subtract(remDiv.multiply(radixToPower)).toInt();
+    var digits = intval.toString(radix);
+
+    rem = remDiv;
+    if (rem.isZero()) {
+      return digits + result;
+    } else {
+      while (digits.length < 6) {
+        digits = '0' + digits;
+      }
+      result = '' + digits + result;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the high 32-bits value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the high 32-bits as a signed value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.getHighBits = function() {
+  return this.high_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the low 32-bits value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the low 32-bits as a signed value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.getLowBits = function() {
+  return this.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the low unsigned 32-bits value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} the low 32-bits as an unsigned value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.getLowBitsUnsigned = function() {
+  return this.low_ >= 0 ? this.low_ : Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ + this.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Timestamp.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {number} Returns the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Timestamp.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.getNumBitsAbs = function() {
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+      return 64;
+    } else {
+      return this.negate().getNumBitsAbs();
+    }
+  } else {
+    var val = this.high_ !== 0 ? this.high_ : this.low_;
+    for (var bit = 31; bit > 0; bit--) {
+      if ((val & (1 << bit)) !== 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return this.high_ !== 0 ? bit + 33 : bit + 1;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this value is zero.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} whether this value is zero.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.isZero = function() {
+  return this.high_ === 0 && this.low_ === 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this value is negative.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} whether this value is negative.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.isNegative = function() {
+  return this.high_ < 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this value is odd.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} whether this value is odd.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.isOdd = function() {
+  return (this.low_ & 1) === 1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Timestamp equals the other
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp equals the other
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.equals = function(other) {
+  return this.high_ === other.high_ && this.low_ === other.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Timestamp does not equal the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp does not equal the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.notEquals = function(other) {
+  return this.high_ !== other.high_ || this.low_ !== other.low_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Timestamp is less than the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is less than the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.lessThan = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) < 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Timestamp is less than or equal to the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is less than or equal to the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.lessThanOrEqual = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) <= 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Timestamp is greater than the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is greater than the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.greaterThan = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) > 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return whether this Timestamp is greater than or equal to the other.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} whether this Timestamp is greater than or equal to the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.greaterThanOrEqual = function(other) {
+  return this.compare(other) >= 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Compares this Timestamp with the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to compare against.
+ * @return {boolean} 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater, and -1 if the given one is greater.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.compare = function(other) {
+  if (this.equals(other)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  var thisNeg = this.isNegative();
+  var otherNeg = other.isNegative();
+  if (thisNeg && !otherNeg) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (!thisNeg && otherNeg) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // at this point, the signs are the same, so subtraction will not overflow
+  if (this.subtract(other).isNegative()) {
+    return -1;
+  } else {
+    return 1;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * The negation of this value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {Timestamp} the negation of this value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.negate = function() {
+  if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return Timestamp.MIN_VALUE;
+  } else {
+    return this.not().add(Timestamp.ONE);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the sum of this and the given Timestamp.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to add to this one.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the sum of this and the given Timestamp.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.add = function(other) {
+  // Divide each number into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then sum the chunks.
+
+  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var c48 = 0,
+    c32 = 0,
+    c16 = 0,
+    c00 = 0;
+  c00 += a00 + b00;
+  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+  c00 &= 0xffff;
+  c16 += a16 + b16;
+  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+  c16 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a32 + b32;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c48 += a48 + b48;
+  c48 &= 0xffff;
+  return Timestamp.fromBits((c16 << 16) | c00, (c48 << 16) | c32);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the difference of this and the given Timestamp.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to subtract from this.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the difference of this and the given Timestamp.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.subtract = function(other) {
+  return this.add(other.negate());
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the product of this and the given Timestamp.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp to multiply with this.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the product of this and the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.multiply = function(other) {
+  if (this.isZero()) {
+    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+  } else if (other.isZero()) {
+    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return other.isOdd() ? Timestamp.MIN_VALUE : Timestamp.ZERO;
+  } else if (other.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return this.isOdd() ? Timestamp.MIN_VALUE : Timestamp.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (other.isNegative()) {
+      return this.negate().multiply(other.negate());
+    } else {
+      return this.negate()
+        .multiply(other)
+        .negate();
+    }
+  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+    return this.multiply(other.negate()).negate();
+  }
+
+  // If both Timestamps are small, use float multiplication
+  if (this.lessThan(Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_) && other.lessThan(Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_)) {
+    return Timestamp.fromNumber(this.toNumber() * other.toNumber());
+  }
+
+  // Divide each Timestamp into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then add up 4x4 products.
+  // We can skip products that would overflow.
+
+  var a48 = this.high_ >>> 16;
+  var a32 = this.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var a16 = this.low_ >>> 16;
+  var a00 = this.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var b48 = other.high_ >>> 16;
+  var b32 = other.high_ & 0xffff;
+  var b16 = other.low_ >>> 16;
+  var b00 = other.low_ & 0xffff;
+
+  var c48 = 0,
+    c32 = 0,
+    c16 = 0,
+    c00 = 0;
+  c00 += a00 * b00;
+  c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+  c00 &= 0xffff;
+  c16 += a16 * b00;
+  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+  c16 &= 0xffff;
+  c16 += a00 * b16;
+  c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+  c16 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a32 * b00;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a16 * b16;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c32 += a00 * b32;
+  c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+  c32 &= 0xffff;
+  c48 += a48 * b00 + a32 * b16 + a16 * b32 + a00 * b48;
+  c48 &= 0xffff;
+  return Timestamp.fromBits((c16 << 16) | c00, (c48 << 16) | c32);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Timestamp divided by the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp by which to divide.
+ * @return {Timestamp} this Timestamp divided by the given one.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.div = function(other) {
+  if (other.isZero()) {
+    throw Error('division by zero');
+  } else if (this.isZero()) {
+    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    if (other.equals(Timestamp.ONE) || other.equals(Timestamp.NEG_ONE)) {
+      return Timestamp.MIN_VALUE; // recall that -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE
+    } else if (other.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+      return Timestamp.ONE;
+    } else {
+      // At this point, we have |other| >= 2, so |this/other| < |MIN_VALUE|.
+      var halfThis = this.shiftRight(1);
+      var approx = halfThis.div(other).shiftLeft(1);
+      if (approx.equals(Timestamp.ZERO)) {
+        return other.isNegative() ? Timestamp.ONE : Timestamp.NEG_ONE;
+      } else {
+        var rem = this.subtract(other.multiply(approx));
+        var result = approx.add(rem.div(other));
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (other.equals(Timestamp.MIN_VALUE)) {
+    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  if (this.isNegative()) {
+    if (other.isNegative()) {
+      return this.negate().div(other.negate());
+    } else {
+      return this.negate()
+        .div(other)
+        .negate();
+    }
+  } else if (other.isNegative()) {
+    return this.div(other.negate()).negate();
+  }
+
+  // Repeat the following until the remainder is less than other:  find a
+  // floating-point that approximates remainder / other *from below*, add this
+  // into the result, and subtract it from the remainder.  It is critical that
+  // the approximate value is less than or equal to the real value so that the
+  // remainder never becomes negative.
+  var res = Timestamp.ZERO;
+  rem = this;
+  while (rem.greaterThanOrEqual(other)) {
+    // Approximate the result of division. This may be a little greater or
+    // smaller than the actual value.
+    approx = Math.max(1, Math.floor(rem.toNumber() / other.toNumber()));
+
+    // We will tweak the approximate result by changing it in the 48-th digit or
+    // the smallest non-fractional digit, whichever is larger.
+    var log2 = Math.ceil(Math.log(approx) / Math.LN2);
+    var delta = log2 <= 48 ? 1 : Math.pow(2, log2 - 48);
+
+    // Decrease the approximation until it is smaller than the remainder.  Note
+    // that if it is too large, the product overflows and is negative.
+    var approxRes = Timestamp.fromNumber(approx);
+    var approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+    while (approxRem.isNegative() || approxRem.greaterThan(rem)) {
+      approx -= delta;
+      approxRes = Timestamp.fromNumber(approx);
+      approxRem = approxRes.multiply(other);
+    }
+
+    // We know the answer can't be zero... and actually, zero would cause
+    // infinite recursion since we would make no progress.
+    if (approxRes.isZero()) {
+      approxRes = Timestamp.ONE;
+    }
+
+    res = res.add(approxRes);
+    rem = rem.subtract(approxRem);
+  }
+  return res;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Timestamp modulo the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other Timestamp by which to mod.
+ * @return {Timestamp} this Timestamp modulo the given one.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.modulo = function(other) {
+  return this.subtract(this.div(other).multiply(other));
+};
+
+/**
+ * The bitwise-NOT of this value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-NOT of this value.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.not = function() {
+  return Timestamp.fromBits(~this.low_, ~this.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the bitwise-AND of this Timestamp and the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other the Timestamp with which to AND.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-AND of this and the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.and = function(other) {
+  return Timestamp.fromBits(this.low_ & other.low_, this.high_ & other.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the bitwise-OR of this Timestamp and the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other the Timestamp with which to OR.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-OR of this and the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.or = function(other) {
+  return Timestamp.fromBits(this.low_ | other.low_, this.high_ | other.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the bitwise-XOR of this Timestamp and the given one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Timestamp} other the Timestamp with which to XOR.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the bitwise-XOR of this and the other.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.xor = function(other) {
+  return Timestamp.fromBits(this.low_ ^ other.low_, this.high_ ^ other.high_);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Timestamp with bits shifted to the left by the given amount.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+ * @return {Timestamp} this shifted to the left by the given amount.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.shiftLeft = function(numBits) {
+  numBits &= 63;
+  if (numBits === 0) {
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    var low = this.low_;
+    if (numBits < 32) {
+      var high = this.high_;
+      return Timestamp.fromBits(low << numBits, (high << numBits) | (low >>> (32 - numBits)));
+    } else {
+      return Timestamp.fromBits(0, low << (numBits - 32));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Timestamp with bits shifted to the right by the given amount.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+ * @return {Timestamp} this shifted to the right by the given amount.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.shiftRight = function(numBits) {
+  numBits &= 63;
+  if (numBits === 0) {
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    var high = this.high_;
+    if (numBits < 32) {
+      var low = this.low_;
+      return Timestamp.fromBits((low >>> numBits) | (high << (32 - numBits)), high >> numBits);
+    } else {
+      return Timestamp.fromBits(high >> (numBits - 32), high >= 0 ? 0 : -1);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this Timestamp with bits shifted to the right by the given amount, with the new top bits matching the current sign bit.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} numBits the number of bits by which to shift.
+ * @return {Timestamp} this shifted to the right by the given amount, with zeros placed into the new leading bits.
+ */
+Timestamp.prototype.shiftRightUnsigned = function(numBits) {
+  numBits &= 63;
+  if (numBits === 0) {
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    var high = this.high_;
+    if (numBits < 32) {
+      var low = this.low_;
+      return Timestamp.fromBits((low >>> numBits) | (high << (32 - numBits)), high >>> numBits);
+    } else if (numBits === 32) {
+      return Timestamp.fromBits(high, 0);
+    } else {
+      return Timestamp.fromBits(high >>> (numBits - 32), 0);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Timestamp representing the given (32-bit) integer value.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} value the 32-bit integer in question.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+ */
+Timestamp.fromInt = function(value) {
+  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+    var cachedObj = Timestamp.INT_CACHE_[value];
+    if (cachedObj) {
+      return cachedObj;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var obj = new Timestamp(value | 0, value < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+  if (-128 <= value && value < 128) {
+    Timestamp.INT_CACHE_[value] = obj;
+  }
+  return obj;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Timestamp representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} value the number in question.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+ */
+Timestamp.fromNumber = function(value) {
+  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
+    return Timestamp.ZERO;
+  } else if (value <= -Timestamp.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+    return Timestamp.MIN_VALUE;
+  } else if (value + 1 >= Timestamp.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_) {
+    return Timestamp.MAX_VALUE;
+  } else if (value < 0) {
+    return Timestamp.fromNumber(-value).negate();
+  } else {
+    return new Timestamp(
+      (value % Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_) | 0,
+      (value / Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_) | 0
+    );
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Timestamp representing the 64-bit integer that comes by concatenating the given high and low bits. Each is assumed to use 32 bits.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} lowBits the low 32-bits.
+ * @param {number} highBits the high 32-bits.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+ */
+Timestamp.fromBits = function(lowBits, highBits) {
+  return new Timestamp(lowBits, highBits);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Timestamp representation of the given string, written using the given radix.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} str the textual representation of the Timestamp.
+ * @param {number} opt_radix the radix in which the text is written.
+ * @return {Timestamp} the corresponding Timestamp value.
+ */
+Timestamp.fromString = function(str, opt_radix) {
+  if (str.length === 0) {
+    throw Error('number format error: empty string');
+  }
+
+  var radix = opt_radix || 10;
+  if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix) {
+    throw Error('radix out of range: ' + radix);
+  }
+
+  if (str.charAt(0) === '-') {
+    return Timestamp.fromString(str.substring(1), radix).negate();
+  } else if (str.indexOf('-') >= 0) {
+    throw Error('number format error: interior "-" character: ' + str);
+  }
+
+  // Do several (8) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+  // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+  var radixToPower = Timestamp.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, 8));
+
+  var result = Timestamp.ZERO;
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i += 8) {
+    var size = Math.min(8, str.length - i);
+    var value = parseInt(str.substring(i, i + size), radix);
+    if (size < 8) {
+      var power = Timestamp.fromNumber(Math.pow(radix, size));
+      result = result.multiply(power).add(Timestamp.fromNumber(value));
+    } else {
+      result = result.multiply(radixToPower);
+      result = result.add(Timestamp.fromNumber(value));
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+// NOTE: Common constant values ZERO, ONE, NEG_ONE, etc. are defined below the
+// from* methods on which they depend.
+
+/**
+ * A cache of the Timestamp representations of small integer values.
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.INT_CACHE_ = {};
+
+// NOTE: the compiler should inline these constant values below and then remove
+// these variables, so there should be no runtime penalty for these.
+
+/**
+ * Number used repeated below in calculations.  This must appear before the
+ * first call to any from* function below.
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ = 1 << 16;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_DBL_ = 1 << 24;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_31_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ / 2;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_48_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_16_DBL_;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_ * Timestamp.TWO_PWR_32_DBL_;
+
+/**
+ * @type {number}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_63_DBL_ = Timestamp.TWO_PWR_64_DBL_ / 2;
+
+/** @type {Timestamp} */
+Timestamp.ZERO = Timestamp.fromInt(0);
+
+/** @type {Timestamp} */
+Timestamp.ONE = Timestamp.fromInt(1);
+
+/** @type {Timestamp} */
+Timestamp.NEG_ONE = Timestamp.fromInt(-1);
+
+/** @type {Timestamp} */
+Timestamp.MAX_VALUE = Timestamp.fromBits(0xffffffff | 0, 0x7fffffff | 0);
+
+/** @type {Timestamp} */
+Timestamp.MIN_VALUE = Timestamp.fromBits(0, 0x80000000 | 0);
+
+/**
+ * @type {Timestamp}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Timestamp.TWO_PWR_24_ = Timestamp.fromInt(1 << 24);
+
+/**
+ * Expose.
+ */
+module.exports = Timestamp;
+module.exports.Timestamp = Timestamp;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bson/package.json b/backend/node_modules/bson/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d0856b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bson/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "_from": "bson@^1.1.4",
+  "_id": "bson@1.1.6",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-EvVNVeGo4tHxwi8L6bPj3y3itEvStdwvvlojVxxbyYfoaxJ6keLgrTuKdyfEAszFK+H3olzBuafE0yoh0D1gdg==",
+  "_location": "/bson",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "bson@^1.1.4",
+    "name": "bson",
+    "escapedName": "bson",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.1.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.1.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongodb",
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bson/-/bson-1.1.6.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "fb819be9a60cd677e0853aee4ca712a785d6618a",
+  "_spec": "bson@^1.1.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Christian Amor Kvalheim",
+    "email": "christkv@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "browser": "lib/bson/bson.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "config": {
+    "native": false
+  },
+  "contributors": [],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A bson parser for node.js and the browser",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "babel-core": "^6.14.0",
+    "babel-loader": "^6.2.5",
+    "babel-polyfill": "^6.13.0",
+    "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.14.0",
+    "babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.5.0",
+    "babel-register": "^6.14.0",
+    "benchmark": "1.0.0",
+    "colors": "1.1.0",
+    "conventional-changelog-cli": "^1.3.5",
+    "nodeunit": "0.9.0",
+    "standard-version": "^9.1.1",
+    "webpack": "^1.13.2",
+    "webpack-polyfills-plugin": "0.0.9"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "lib": "./lib/bson"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.6.19"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib",
+    "index.js",
+    "browser_build",
+    "bower.json"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongodb",
+    "bson",
+    "parser"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "bson",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "webpack --config ./webpack.dist.config.js",
+    "changelog": "conventional-changelog -p angular -i HISTORY.md -s",
+    "format": "prettier --print-width 100 --tab-width 2 --single-quote --write 'test/**/*.js' 'lib/**/*.js'",
+    "lint": "eslint lib test",
+    "release": "standard-version -i HISTORY.md",
+    "test": "nodeunit ./test/node"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.6"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34e4f5c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+.*.sw[mnop]
+node_modules/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78e1c0146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+- "0.11"
+- "0.10"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/LICENSE.txt b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a064f3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Copyright (c) 2013, GoInstant Inc., a salesforce.com company
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of salesforce.com, nor GoInstant, nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/README.md b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f227f58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# buffer-equal-constant-time
+
+Constant-time `Buffer` comparison for node.js.  Should work with browserify too.
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/goinstant/buffer-equal-constant-time.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/goinstant/buffer-equal-constant-time)
+
+```sh
+  npm install buffer-equal-constant-time
+```
+
+# Usage
+
+```js
+  var bufferEq = require('buffer-equal-constant-time');
+
+  var a = new Buffer('asdf');
+  var b = new Buffer('asdf');
+  if (bufferEq(a,b)) {
+    // the same!
+  } else {
+    // different in at least one byte!
+  }
+```
+
+If you'd like to install an `.equal()` method onto the node.js `Buffer` and
+`SlowBuffer` prototypes:
+
+```js
+  require('buffer-equal-constant-time').install();
+
+  var a = new Buffer('asdf');
+  var b = new Buffer('asdf');
+  if (a.equal(b)) {
+    // the same!
+  } else {
+    // different in at least one byte!
+  }
+```
+
+To get rid of the installed `.equal()` method, call `.restore()`:
+
+```js
+  require('buffer-equal-constant-time').restore();
+```
+
+# Legal
+
+&copy; 2013 GoInstant Inc., a salesforce.com company
+
+Licensed under the BSD 3-clause license.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/index.js b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5462c1f83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*jshint node:true */
+'use strict';
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer; // browserify
+var SlowBuffer = require('buffer').SlowBuffer;
+
+module.exports = bufferEq;
+
+function bufferEq(a, b) {
+
+  // shortcutting on type is necessary for correctness
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a) || !Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // buffer sizes should be well-known information, so despite this
+  // shortcutting, it doesn't leak any information about the *contents* of the
+  // buffers.
+  if (a.length !== b.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var c = 0;
+  for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+    /*jshint bitwise:false */
+    c |= a[i] ^ b[i]; // XOR
+  }
+  return c === 0;
+}
+
+bufferEq.install = function() {
+  Buffer.prototype.equal = SlowBuffer.prototype.equal = function equal(that) {
+    return bufferEq(this, that);
+  };
+};
+
+var origBufEqual = Buffer.prototype.equal;
+var origSlowBufEqual = SlowBuffer.prototype.equal;
+bufferEq.restore = function() {
+  Buffer.prototype.equal = origBufEqual;
+  SlowBuffer.prototype.equal = origSlowBufEqual;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/package.json b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08b3cb3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "_from": "buffer-equal-constant-time@1.0.1",
+  "_id": "buffer-equal-constant-time@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-+OcRMvf/5uAaXJaXpMbz5I1cyBk=",
+  "_location": "/buffer-equal-constant-time",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "buffer-equal-constant-time@1.0.1",
+    "name": "buffer-equal-constant-time",
+    "escapedName": "buffer-equal-constant-time",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jwa"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-equal-constant-time/-/buffer-equal-constant-time-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f8e71132f7ffe6e01a5c9697a4c6f3e48d5cc819",
+  "_spec": "buffer-equal-constant-time@1.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jwa",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "GoInstant Inc., a salesforce.com company"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/goinstant/buffer-equal-constant-time/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Constant-time comparison of Buffers",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mocha": "~1.15.1"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/goinstant/buffer-equal-constant-time#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "buffer",
+    "equal",
+    "constant-time",
+    "crypto"
+  ],
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "buffer-equal-constant-time",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/goinstant/buffer-equal-constant-time.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/test.js b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bc972d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*jshint node:true */
+'use strict';
+
+var bufferEq = require('./index');
+var assert = require('assert');
+
+describe('buffer-equal-constant-time', function() {
+  var a = new Buffer('asdfasdf123456');
+  var b = new Buffer('asdfasdf123456');
+  var c = new Buffer('asdfasdf');
+
+  describe('bufferEq', function() {
+    it('says a == b', function() {
+      assert.strictEqual(bufferEq(a, b), true);
+    });
+
+    it('says a != c', function() {
+      assert.strictEqual(bufferEq(a, c), false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('install/restore', function() {
+    before(function() {
+      bufferEq.install();
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      bufferEq.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('installed an .equal method', function() {
+      var SlowBuffer = require('buffer').SlowBuffer;
+      assert.ok(Buffer.prototype.equal);
+      assert.ok(SlowBuffer.prototype.equal);
+    });
+
+    it('infected existing Buffers', function() {
+      assert.strictEqual(a.equal(b), true);
+      assert.strictEqual(a.equal(c), false);
+    });
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4bf1d69b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2016, 2018 Linus Unnebäck
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/index.js b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d92a83d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+var toString = Object.prototype.toString
+
+var isModern = (
+  typeof Buffer.alloc === 'function' &&
+  typeof Buffer.allocUnsafe === 'function' &&
+  typeof Buffer.from === 'function'
+)
+
+function isArrayBuffer (input) {
+  return toString.call(input).slice(8, -1) === 'ArrayBuffer'
+}
+
+function fromArrayBuffer (obj, byteOffset, length) {
+  byteOffset >>>= 0
+
+  var maxLength = obj.byteLength - byteOffset
+
+  if (maxLength < 0) {
+    throw new RangeError("'offset' is out of bounds")
+  }
+
+  if (length === undefined) {
+    length = maxLength
+  } else {
+    length >>>= 0
+
+    if (length > maxLength) {
+      throw new RangeError("'length' is out of bounds")
+    }
+  }
+
+  return isModern
+    ? Buffer.from(obj.slice(byteOffset, byteOffset + length))
+    : new Buffer(new Uint8Array(obj.slice(byteOffset, byteOffset + length)))
+}
+
+function fromString (string, encoding) {
+  if (typeof encoding !== 'string' || encoding === '') {
+    encoding = 'utf8'
+  }
+
+  if (!Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
+    throw new TypeError('"encoding" must be a valid string encoding')
+  }
+
+  return isModern
+    ? Buffer.from(string, encoding)
+    : new Buffer(string, encoding)
+}
+
+function bufferFrom (value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('"value" argument must not be a number')
+  }
+
+  if (isArrayBuffer(value)) {
+    return fromArrayBuffer(value, encodingOrOffset, length)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    return fromString(value, encodingOrOffset)
+  }
+
+  return isModern
+    ? Buffer.from(value)
+    : new Buffer(value)
+}
+
+module.exports = bufferFrom
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/package.json b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7ff493ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "_from": "buffer-from@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "buffer-from@1.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-MQcXEUbCKtEo7bhqEs6560Hyd4XaovZlO/k9V3hjVUF/zwW7KBVdSK4gIt/bzwS9MbR5qob+F5jusZsb0YQK2A==",
+  "_location": "/buffer-from",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "buffer-from@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "buffer-from",
+    "escapedName": "buffer-from",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/concat-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-from/-/buffer-from-1.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "32713bc028f75c02fdb710d7c7bcec1f2c6070ef",
+  "_spec": "buffer-from@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\concat-stream",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/LinusU/buffer-from/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A [ponyfill](https://ponyfill.com) for `Buffer.from`, uses native implementation if available.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^7.1.2"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/LinusU/buffer-from#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "buffer",
+    "buffer from"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "buffer-from",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/LinusU/buffer-from.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && node test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9880a558a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/buffer-from/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Buffer From
+
+A [ponyfill](https://ponyfill.com) for `Buffer.from`, uses native implementation if available.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+npm install --save buffer-from
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+const bufferFrom = require('buffer-from')
+
+console.log(bufferFrom([1, 2, 3, 4]))
+//=> <Buffer 01 02 03 04>
+
+const arr = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+console.log(bufferFrom(arr.buffer, 1, 2))
+//=> <Buffer 02 03>
+
+console.log(bufferFrom('test', 'utf8'))
+//=> <Buffer 74 65 73 74>
+
+const buf = bufferFrom('test')
+console.log(bufferFrom(buf))
+//=> <Buffer 74 65 73 74>
+```
+
+## API
+
+### bufferFrom(array)
+
+- `array` &lt;Array&gt;
+
+Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
+
+### bufferFrom(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
+
+- `arrayBuffer` &lt;ArrayBuffer&gt; The `.buffer` property of a TypedArray or ArrayBuffer
+- `byteOffset` &lt;Integer&gt; Where to start copying from `arrayBuffer`. **Default:** `0`
+- `length` &lt;Integer&gt; How many bytes to copy from `arrayBuffer`. **Default:** `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
+
+When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a TypedArray instance, the
+newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
+
+The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
+the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
+
+### bufferFrom(buffer)
+
+- `buffer` &lt;Buffer&gt; An existing `Buffer` to copy data from
+
+Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
+
+### bufferFrom(string[, encoding])
+
+- `string` &lt;String&gt; A string to encode.
+- `encoding` &lt;String&gt; The encoding of `string`. **Default:** `'utf8'`
+
+Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `string`. If
+provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding of
+`string`.
+
+## See also
+
+- [buffer-alloc](https://github.com/LinusU/buffer-alloc) A ponyfill for `Buffer.alloc`
+- [buffer-alloc-unsafe](https://github.com/LinusU/buffer-alloc-unsafe) A ponyfill for `Buffer.allocUnsafe`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/busboy/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cec49dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+sudo: false
+language: cpp
+notifications:
+  email: false
+env:
+  matrix:
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="0.10"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="0.12"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="4"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="6"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="7"
+install:
+  - rm -rf ~/.nvm && git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm && source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh && nvm install $TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION
+  - node --version
+  - npm --version
+  - npm install
+script: npm test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/busboy/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..290762e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright Brian White. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/README.md b/backend/node_modules/busboy/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8856b3c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+Description
+===========
+
+A node.js module for parsing incoming HTML form data.
+
+If you've found this module to be useful and wish to support it, you may do so by visiting this pledgie campaign:
+<a href='https://pledgie.com/campaigns/28774'><img alt='Click here to support busboy' src='https://pledgie.com/campaigns/28774.png?skin_name=chrome' border='0'></a>
+
+
+Requirements
+============
+
+* [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) -- v0.8.0 or newer
+
+
+Install
+=======
+
+    npm install busboy
+
+
+Examples
+========
+
+* Parsing (multipart) with default options:
+
+```javascript
+var http = require('http'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+var Busboy = require('busboy');
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+  if (req.method === 'POST') {
+    var busboy = new Busboy({ headers: req.headers });
+    busboy.on('file', function(fieldname, file, filename, encoding, mimetype) {
+      console.log('File [' + fieldname + ']: filename: ' + filename + ', encoding: ' + encoding + ', mimetype: ' + mimetype);
+      file.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.log('File [' + fieldname + '] got ' + data.length + ' bytes');
+      });
+      file.on('end', function() {
+        console.log('File [' + fieldname + '] Finished');
+      });
+    });
+    busboy.on('field', function(fieldname, val, fieldnameTruncated, valTruncated, encoding, mimetype) {
+      console.log('Field [' + fieldname + ']: value: ' + inspect(val));
+    });
+    busboy.on('finish', function() {
+      console.log('Done parsing form!');
+      res.writeHead(303, { Connection: 'close', Location: '/' });
+      res.end();
+    });
+    req.pipe(busboy);
+  } else if (req.method === 'GET') {
+    res.writeHead(200, { Connection: 'close' });
+    res.end('<html><head></head><body>\
+               <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">\
+                <input type="text" name="textfield"><br />\
+                <input type="file" name="filefield"><br />\
+                <input type="submit">\
+              </form>\
+            </body></html>');
+  }
+}).listen(8000, function() {
+  console.log('Listening for requests');
+});
+
+// Example output, using http://nodejs.org/images/ryan-speaker.jpg as the file:
+//
+// Listening for requests
+// File [filefield]: filename: ryan-speaker.jpg, encoding: binary
+// File [filefield] got 11971 bytes
+// Field [textfield]: value: 'testing! :-)'
+// File [filefield] Finished
+// Done parsing form!
+```
+
+* Save all incoming files to disk:
+
+```javascript
+var http = require('http'),
+    path = require('path'),
+    os = require('os'),
+    fs = require('fs');
+
+var Busboy = require('busboy');
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+  if (req.method === 'POST') {
+    var busboy = new Busboy({ headers: req.headers });
+    busboy.on('file', function(fieldname, file, filename, encoding, mimetype) {
+      var saveTo = path.join(os.tmpDir(), path.basename(fieldname));
+      file.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(saveTo));
+    });
+    busboy.on('finish', function() {
+      res.writeHead(200, { 'Connection': 'close' });
+      res.end("That's all folks!");
+    });
+    return req.pipe(busboy);
+  }
+  res.writeHead(404);
+  res.end();
+}).listen(8000, function() {
+  console.log('Listening for requests');
+});
+```
+
+* Parsing (urlencoded) with default options:
+
+```javascript
+var http = require('http'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+var Busboy = require('busboy');
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+  if (req.method === 'POST') {
+    var busboy = new Busboy({ headers: req.headers });
+    busboy.on('file', function(fieldname, file, filename, encoding, mimetype) {
+      console.log('File [' + fieldname + ']: filename: ' + filename);
+      file.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.log('File [' + fieldname + '] got ' + data.length + ' bytes');
+      });
+      file.on('end', function() {
+        console.log('File [' + fieldname + '] Finished');
+      });
+    });
+    busboy.on('field', function(fieldname, val, fieldnameTruncated, valTruncated) {
+      console.log('Field [' + fieldname + ']: value: ' + inspect(val));
+    });
+    busboy.on('finish', function() {
+      console.log('Done parsing form!');
+      res.writeHead(303, { Connection: 'close', Location: '/' });
+      res.end();
+    });
+    req.pipe(busboy);
+  } else if (req.method === 'GET') {
+    res.writeHead(200, { Connection: 'close' });
+    res.end('<html><head></head><body>\
+               <form method="POST">\
+                <input type="text" name="textfield"><br />\
+                <select name="selectfield">\
+                  <option value="1">1</option>\
+                  <option value="10">10</option>\
+                  <option value="100">100</option>\
+                  <option value="9001">9001</option>\
+                </select><br />\
+                <input type="checkbox" name="checkfield">Node.js rules!<br />\
+                <input type="submit">\
+              </form>\
+            </body></html>');
+  }
+}).listen(8000, function() {
+  console.log('Listening for requests');
+});
+
+// Example output:
+//
+// Listening for requests
+// Field [textfield]: value: 'testing! :-)'
+// Field [selectfield]: value: '9001'
+// Field [checkfield]: value: 'on'
+// Done parsing form!
+```
+
+
+API
+===
+
+_Busboy_ is a _Writable_ stream
+
+Busboy (special) events
+-----------------------
+
+* **file**(< _string_ >fieldname, < _ReadableStream_ >stream, < _string_ >filename, < _string_ >transferEncoding, < _string_ >mimeType) - Emitted for each new file form field found. `transferEncoding` contains the 'Content-Transfer-Encoding' value for the file stream. `mimeType` contains the 'Content-Type' value for the file stream.
+    * Note: if you listen for this event, you should always handle the `stream` no matter if you care about the file contents or not (e.g. you can simply just do `stream.resume();` if you want to discard the contents), otherwise the 'finish' event will never fire on the Busboy instance. However, if you don't care about **any** incoming files, you can simply not listen for the 'file' event at all and any/all files will be automatically and safely discarded (these discarded files do still count towards `files` and `parts` limits).
+    * If a configured file size limit was reached, `stream` will both have a boolean property `truncated` (best checked at the end of the stream) and emit a 'limit' event to notify you when this happens.
+
+* **field**(< _string_ >fieldname, < _string_ >value, < _boolean_ >fieldnameTruncated, < _boolean_ >valueTruncated, < _string_ >transferEncoding, < _string_ >mimeType) - Emitted for each new non-file field found.
+
+* **partsLimit**() - Emitted when specified `parts` limit has been reached. No more 'file' or 'field' events will be emitted.
+
+* **filesLimit**() - Emitted when specified `files` limit has been reached. No more 'file' events will be emitted.
+
+* **fieldsLimit**() - Emitted when specified `fields` limit has been reached. No more 'field' events will be emitted.
+
+
+Busboy methods
+--------------
+
+* **(constructor)**(< _object_ >config) - Creates and returns a new Busboy instance.
+
+    * The constructor takes the following valid `config` settings:
+
+        * **headers** - _object_ - These are the HTTP headers of the incoming request, which are used by individual parsers.
+
+        * **highWaterMark** - _integer_ - highWaterMark to use for this Busboy instance (Default: WritableStream default).
+
+        * **fileHwm** - _integer_ - highWaterMark to use for file streams (Default: ReadableStream default).
+
+        * **defCharset** - _string_ - Default character set to use when one isn't defined (Default: 'utf8').
+
+        * **preservePath** - _boolean_ - If paths in the multipart 'filename' field shall be preserved. (Default: false).
+
+        * **limits** - _object_ - Various limits on incoming data. Valid properties are:
+
+            * **fieldNameSize** - _integer_ - Max field name size (in bytes) (Default: 100 bytes).
+
+            * **fieldSize** - _integer_ - Max field value size (in bytes) (Default: 1MB).
+
+            * **fields** - _integer_ - Max number of non-file fields (Default: Infinity).
+
+            * **fileSize** - _integer_ - For multipart forms, the max file size (in bytes) (Default: Infinity).
+
+            * **files** - _integer_ - For multipart forms, the max number of file fields (Default: Infinity).
+
+            * **parts** - _integer_ - For multipart forms, the max number of parts (fields + files) (Default: Infinity).
+
+            * **headerPairs** - _integer_ - For multipart forms, the max number of header key=>value pairs to parse **Default:** 2000 (same as node's http).
+
+    * The constructor can throw errors:
+
+        * **Unsupported content type: $type** - The `Content-Type` isn't one Busboy can parse.
+
+        * **Missing Content-Type** - The provided headers don't include `Content-Type` at all.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/deps/encoding/encoding-indexes.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/deps/encoding/encoding-indexes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ee254d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/deps/encoding/encoding-indexes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+   Modifications for better node.js integration:
+    Copyright 2013 Brian White. All rights reserved.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+    deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+    rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+    sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+    IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+/*
+    Copyright 2012 Joshua Bell
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+*/
+module.exports = {
+  "big5":[null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, 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+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/deps/encoding/encoding.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/deps/encoding/encoding.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3bc0a7cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/deps/encoding/encoding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2391 @@
+/*
+   Modifications for better node.js integration:
+    Copyright 2014 Brian White. All rights reserved.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+    deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+    rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+    sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+    IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+/*
+   Original source code:
+    Copyright 2014 Joshua Bell
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+//
+// Utilities
+//
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} a The number to test.
+ * @param {number} min The minimum value in the range, inclusive.
+ * @param {number} max The maximum value in the range, inclusive.
+ * @return {boolean} True if a >= min and a <= max.
+ */
+function inRange(a, min, max) {
+  return min <= a && a <= max;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} n The numerator.
+ * @param {number} d The denominator.
+ * @return {number} The result of the integer division of n by d.
+ */
+function div(n, d) {
+  return Math.floor(n / d);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Implementation of Encoding specification
+// http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/encoding/raw-file/tip/Overview.html
+//
+
+//
+// 3. Terminology
+//
+
+//
+// 4. Encodings
+//
+
+/** @const */ var EOF_byte = -1;
+/** @const */ var EOF_code_point = -1;
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Buffer} bytes Array of bytes that provide the stream.
+ */
+function ByteInputStream(bytes) {
+  /** @type {number} */
+  var pos = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * @this {ByteInputStream}
+   * @return {number} Get the next byte from the stream.
+   */
+  this.get = function() {
+    return (pos >= bytes.length) ? EOF_byte : Number(bytes[pos]);
+  };
+
+  /** @param {number} n Number (positive or negative) by which to
+   *      offset the byte pointer. */
+  this.offset = function(n) {
+    pos += n;
+    if (pos < 0) {
+      throw new Error('Seeking past start of the buffer');
+    }
+    if (pos > bytes.length) {
+      throw new Error('Seeking past EOF');
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param {Array.<number>} test Array of bytes to compare against.
+   * @return {boolean} True if the start of the stream matches the test
+   *     bytes.
+   */
+  this.match = function(test) {
+    if (test.length > pos + bytes.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    var i;
+    for (i = 0; i < test.length; i += 1) {
+      if (Number(bytes[pos + i]) !== test[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Array.<number>} bytes The array to write bytes into.
+ */
+function ByteOutputStream(bytes) {
+  /** @type {number} */
+  var pos = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {...number} var_args The byte or bytes to emit into the stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.emit = function(var_args) {
+    /** @type {number} */
+    var last = EOF_byte;
+    var i;
+    for (i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
+      last = Number(arguments[i]);
+      bytes[pos++] = last;
+    }
+    return last;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} string The source of code units for the stream.
+ */
+function CodePointInputStream(string) {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} string Input string of UTF-16 code units.
+   * @return {Array.<number>} Code points.
+   */
+  function stringToCodePoints(string) {
+    /** @type {Array.<number>} */
+    var cps = [];
+    // Based on http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/#idl-DOMString
+    var i = 0, n = string.length;
+    while (i < string.length) {
+      var c = string.charCodeAt(i);
+      if (!inRange(c, 0xD800, 0xDFFF)) {
+        cps.push(c);
+      } else if (inRange(c, 0xDC00, 0xDFFF)) {
+        cps.push(0xFFFD);
+      } else { // (inRange(cu, 0xD800, 0xDBFF))
+        if (i === n - 1) {
+          cps.push(0xFFFD);
+        } else {
+          var d = string.charCodeAt(i + 1);
+          if (inRange(d, 0xDC00, 0xDFFF)) {
+            var a = c & 0x3FF;
+            var b = d & 0x3FF;
+            i += 1;
+            cps.push(0x10000 + (a << 10) + b);
+          } else {
+            cps.push(0xFFFD);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      i += 1;
+    }
+    return cps;
+  }
+
+  /** @type {number} */
+  var pos = 0;
+  /** @type {Array.<number>} */
+  var cps = stringToCodePoints(string);
+
+  /** @param {number} n The number of bytes (positive or negative)
+   *      to advance the code point pointer by.*/
+  this.offset = function(n) {
+    pos += n;
+    if (pos < 0) {
+      throw new Error('Seeking past start of the buffer');
+    }
+    if (pos > cps.length) {
+      throw new Error('Seeking past EOF');
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /** @return {number} Get the next code point from the stream. */
+  this.get = function() {
+    if (pos >= cps.length) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    return cps[pos];
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function CodePointOutputStream() {
+  /** @type {string} */
+  var string = '';
+
+  /** @return {string} The accumulated string. */
+  this.string = function() {
+    return string;
+  };
+
+  /** @param {number} c The code point to encode into the stream. */
+  this.emit = function(c) {
+    if (c <= 0xFFFF) {
+      string += String.fromCharCode(c);
+    } else {
+      c -= 0x10000;
+      string += String.fromCharCode(0xD800 + ((c >> 10) & 0x3ff));
+      string += String.fromCharCode(0xDC00 + (c & 0x3ff));
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} message Description of the error.
+ */
+function EncodingError(message) {
+  this.name = 'EncodingError';
+  this.message = message;
+  this.code = 0;
+}
+EncodingError.prototype = Error.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * @param {boolean} fatal If true, decoding errors raise an exception.
+ * @param {number=} opt_code_point Override the standard fallback code point.
+ * @return {number} The code point to insert on a decoding error.
+ */
+function decoderError(fatal, opt_code_point) {
+  if (fatal) {
+    throw new EncodingError('Decoder error');
+  }
+  return opt_code_point || 0xFFFD;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} code_point The code point that could not be encoded.
+ * @return {number} Always throws, no value is actually returned.
+ */
+function encoderError(code_point) {
+  throw new EncodingError('The code point ' + code_point +
+                          ' could not be encoded.');
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} label The encoding label.
+ * @return {?{name:string,labels:Array.<string>}}
+ */
+function getEncoding(label) {
+  label = String(label).trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(label_to_encoding, label)) {
+    return label_to_encoding[label];
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** @type {Array.<{encodings: Array.<{name:string,labels:Array.<string>}>,
+ *      heading: string}>} */
+var encodings = [
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "unicode-1-1-utf-8",
+          "utf-8",
+          "utf8"
+        ],
+        "name": "utf-8"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "The Encoding"
+  },
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "864",
+          "cp864",
+          "csibm864",
+          "ibm864"
+        ],
+        "name": "ibm864"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "866",
+          "cp866",
+          "csibm866",
+          "ibm866"
+        ],
+        "name": "ibm866"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatin2",
+          "iso-8859-2",
+          "iso-ir-101",
+          "iso8859-2",
+          "iso88592",
+          "iso_8859-2",
+          "iso_8859-2:1987",
+          "l2",
+          "latin2"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-2"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatin3",
+          "iso-8859-3",
+          "iso-ir-109",
+          "iso8859-3",
+          "iso88593",
+          "iso_8859-3",
+          "iso_8859-3:1988",
+          "l3",
+          "latin3"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-3"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatin4",
+          "iso-8859-4",
+          "iso-ir-110",
+          "iso8859-4",
+          "iso88594",
+          "iso_8859-4",
+          "iso_8859-4:1988",
+          "l4",
+          "latin4"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-4"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatincyrillic",
+          "cyrillic",
+          "iso-8859-5",
+          "iso-ir-144",
+          "iso8859-5",
+          "iso88595",
+          "iso_8859-5",
+          "iso_8859-5:1988"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-5"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "arabic",
+          "asmo-708",
+          "csiso88596e",
+          "csiso88596i",
+          "csisolatinarabic",
+          "ecma-114",
+          "iso-8859-6",
+          "iso-8859-6-e",
+          "iso-8859-6-i",
+          "iso-ir-127",
+          "iso8859-6",
+          "iso88596",
+          "iso_8859-6",
+          "iso_8859-6:1987"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-6"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatingreek",
+          "ecma-118",
+          "elot_928",
+          "greek",
+          "greek8",
+          "iso-8859-7",
+          "iso-ir-126",
+          "iso8859-7",
+          "iso88597",
+          "iso_8859-7",
+          "iso_8859-7:1987",
+          "sun_eu_greek"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-7"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csiso88598e",
+          "csisolatinhebrew",
+          "hebrew",
+          "iso-8859-8",
+          "iso-8859-8-e",
+          "iso-ir-138",
+          "iso8859-8",
+          "iso88598",
+          "iso_8859-8",
+          "iso_8859-8:1988",
+          "visual"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-8"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csiso88598i",
+          "iso-8859-8-i",
+          "logical"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-8-i"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatin6",
+          "iso-8859-10",
+          "iso-ir-157",
+          "iso8859-10",
+          "iso885910",
+          "l6",
+          "latin6"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-10"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "iso-8859-13",
+          "iso8859-13",
+          "iso885913"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-13"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "iso-8859-14",
+          "iso8859-14",
+          "iso885914"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-14"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csisolatin9",
+          "iso-8859-15",
+          "iso8859-15",
+          "iso885915",
+          "iso_8859-15",
+          "l9"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-15"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "iso-8859-16"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-8859-16"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cskoi8r",
+          "koi",
+          "koi8",
+          "koi8-r",
+          "koi8_r"
+        ],
+        "name": "koi8-r"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "koi8-u"
+        ],
+        "name": "koi8-u"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csmacintosh",
+          "mac",
+          "macintosh",
+          "x-mac-roman"
+        ],
+        "name": "macintosh"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "dos-874",
+          "iso-8859-11",
+          "iso8859-11",
+          "iso885911",
+          "tis-620",
+          "windows-874"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-874"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1250",
+          "windows-1250",
+          "x-cp1250"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1250"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1251",
+          "windows-1251",
+          "x-cp1251"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1251"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "ansi_x3.4-1968",
+          "ascii",
+          "cp1252",
+          "cp819",
+          "csisolatin1",
+          "ibm819",
+          "iso-8859-1",
+          "iso-ir-100",
+          "iso8859-1",
+          "iso88591",
+          "iso_8859-1",
+          "iso_8859-1:1987",
+          "l1",
+          "latin1",
+          "us-ascii",
+          "windows-1252",
+          "x-cp1252"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1252"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1253",
+          "windows-1253",
+          "x-cp1253"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1253"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1254",
+          "csisolatin5",
+          "iso-8859-9",
+          "iso-ir-148",
+          "iso8859-9",
+          "iso88599",
+          "iso_8859-9",
+          "iso_8859-9:1989",
+          "l5",
+          "latin5",
+          "windows-1254",
+          "x-cp1254"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1254"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1255",
+          "windows-1255",
+          "x-cp1255"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1255"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1256",
+          "windows-1256",
+          "x-cp1256"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1256"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1257",
+          "windows-1257",
+          "x-cp1257"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1257"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cp1258",
+          "windows-1258",
+          "x-cp1258"
+        ],
+        "name": "windows-1258"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "x-mac-cyrillic",
+          "x-mac-ukrainian"
+        ],
+        "name": "x-mac-cyrillic"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "Legacy single-byte encodings"
+  },
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "chinese",
+          "csgb2312",
+          "csiso58gb231280",
+          "gb2312",
+          "gb_2312",
+          "gb_2312-80",
+          "gbk",
+          "iso-ir-58",
+          "x-gbk"
+        ],
+        "name": "gbk"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "gb18030"
+        ],
+        "name": "gb18030"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "hz-gb-2312"
+        ],
+        "name": "hz-gb-2312"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "Legacy multi-byte Chinese (simplified) encodings"
+  },
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "big5",
+          "big5-hkscs",
+          "cn-big5",
+          "csbig5",
+          "x-x-big5"
+        ],
+        "name": "big5"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "Legacy multi-byte Chinese (traditional) encodings"
+  },
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cseucpkdfmtjapanese",
+          "euc-jp",
+          "x-euc-jp"
+        ],
+        "name": "euc-jp"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csiso2022jp",
+          "iso-2022-jp"
+        ],
+        "name": "iso-2022-jp"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csshiftjis",
+          "ms_kanji",
+          "shift-jis",
+          "shift_jis",
+          "sjis",
+          "windows-31j",
+          "x-sjis"
+        ],
+        "name": "shift_jis"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "Legacy multi-byte Japanese encodings"
+  },
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "cseuckr",
+          "csksc56011987",
+          "euc-kr",
+          "iso-ir-149",
+          "korean",
+          "ks_c_5601-1987",
+          "ks_c_5601-1989",
+          "ksc5601",
+          "ksc_5601",
+          "windows-949"
+        ],
+        "name": "euc-kr"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "Legacy multi-byte Korean encodings"
+  },
+  {
+    "encodings": [
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "csiso2022kr",
+          "iso-2022-cn",
+            "iso-2022-cn-ext",
+            "iso-2022-kr"
+        ],
+        "name": "replacement"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "utf-16be"
+        ],
+        "name": "utf-16be"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "utf-16",
+          "utf-16le"
+        ],
+        "name": "utf-16le"
+      },
+      {
+        "labels": [
+          "x-user-defined"
+        ],
+        "name": "x-user-defined"
+      }
+    ],
+    "heading": "Legacy miscellaneous encodings"
+  }
+];
+
+var name_to_encoding = {};
+var label_to_encoding = {};
+encodings.forEach(function(category) {
+  category.encodings.forEach(function(encoding) {
+    name_to_encoding[encoding.name] = encoding;
+    encoding.labels.forEach(function(label) {
+      label_to_encoding[label] = encoding;
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+//
+// 5. Indexes
+//
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} pointer The |pointer| to search for.
+ * @param {Array.<?number>|undefined} index The |index| to search within.
+ * @return {?number} The code point corresponding to |pointer| in |index|,
+ *     or null if |code point| is not in |index|.
+ */
+function indexCodePointFor(pointer, index) {
+    if (!index) return null;
+    return index[pointer] || null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} code_point The |code point| to search for.
+ * @param {Array.<?number>} index The |index| to search within.
+ * @return {?number} The first pointer corresponding to |code point| in
+ *     |index|, or null if |code point| is not in |index|.
+ */
+function indexPointerFor(code_point, index) {
+  var pointer = index.indexOf(code_point);
+  return pointer === -1 ? null : pointer;
+}
+
+/** @type {Object.<string, (Array.<number>|Array.<Array.<number>>)>} */
+var indexes = require('./encoding-indexes');
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} pointer The |pointer| to search for in the gb18030 index.
+ * @return {?number} The code point corresponding to |pointer| in |index|,
+ *     or null if |code point| is not in the gb18030 index.
+ */
+function indexGB18030CodePointFor(pointer) {
+  if ((pointer > 39419 && pointer < 189000) || (pointer > 1237575)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  var /** @type {number} */ offset = 0,
+      /** @type {number} */ code_point_offset = 0,
+      /** @type {Array.<Array.<number>>} */ idx = indexes['gb18030'];
+  var i;
+  for (i = 0; i < idx.length; ++i) {
+    var entry = idx[i];
+    if (entry[0] <= pointer) {
+      offset = entry[0];
+      code_point_offset = entry[1];
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return code_point_offset + pointer - offset;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} code_point The |code point| to locate in the gb18030 index.
+ * @return {number} The first pointer corresponding to |code point| in the
+ *     gb18030 index.
+ */
+function indexGB18030PointerFor(code_point) {
+  var /** @type {number} */ offset = 0,
+      /** @type {number} */ pointer_offset = 0,
+      /** @type {Array.<Array.<number>>} */ idx = indexes['gb18030'];
+  var i;
+  for (i = 0; i < idx.length; ++i) {
+    var entry = idx[i];
+    if (entry[1] <= code_point) {
+      offset = entry[1];
+      pointer_offset = entry[0];
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return pointer_offset + code_point - offset;
+}
+
+
+//
+// 7. API
+//
+
+/** @const */ var DEFAULT_ENCODING = 'utf-8';
+
+// 7.1 Interface TextDecoder
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string=} opt_encoding The label of the encoding;
+ *     defaults to 'utf-8'.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}=} options
+ */
+function TextDecoder(opt_encoding, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof TextDecoder)) {
+    return new TextDecoder(opt_encoding, options);
+  }
+  opt_encoding = opt_encoding ? String(opt_encoding) : DEFAULT_ENCODING;
+  options = Object(options);
+  /** @private */
+  this._encoding = getEncoding(opt_encoding);
+  if (this._encoding === null || this._encoding.name === 'replacement')
+    throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + opt_encoding);
+
+  /** @private @type {boolean} */
+  this._streaming = false;
+  /** @private @type {boolean} */
+  this._BOMseen = false;
+  /** @private */
+  this._decoder = null;
+  /** @private @type {{fatal: boolean}=} */
+  this._options = { fatal: Boolean(options.fatal) };
+
+  if (Object.defineProperty) {
+    Object.defineProperty(
+        this, 'encoding',
+        { get: function() { return this._encoding.name; } });
+  } else {
+    this.encoding = this._encoding.name;
+  }
+
+  return this;
+}
+
+// TODO: Issue if input byte stream is offset by decoder
+// TODO: BOM detection will not work if stream header spans multiple calls
+// (last N bytes of previous stream may need to be retained?)
+TextDecoder.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * @param {Buffer=} bytes The buffer of bytes to decode.
+   * @param {{stream: boolean}=} options
+   */
+  decode: function decode(bytes, options) {
+    options = Object(options);
+
+    if (!this._streaming) {
+      this._decoder = this._encoding.getDecoder(this._options);
+      this._BOMseen = false;
+    }
+    this._streaming = Boolean(options.stream);
+
+    var input_stream = new ByteInputStream(bytes);
+
+    var output_stream = new CodePointOutputStream();
+
+    /** @type {number} */
+    var code_point;
+
+    while (input_stream.get() !== EOF_byte) {
+      code_point = this._decoder.decode(input_stream);
+      if (code_point !== null && code_point !== EOF_code_point) {
+        output_stream.emit(code_point);
+      }
+    }
+    if (!this._streaming) {
+      do {
+        code_point = this._decoder.decode(input_stream);
+        if (code_point !== null && code_point !== EOF_code_point) {
+          output_stream.emit(code_point);
+        }
+      } while (code_point !== EOF_code_point &&
+               input_stream.get() != EOF_byte);
+      this._decoder = null;
+    }
+
+    var result = output_stream.string();
+    if (!this._BOMseen && result.length) {
+      this._BOMseen = true;
+      if (UTFs.indexOf(this.encoding) !== -1 &&
+         result.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {
+        result = result.substring(1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+
+var UTFs = ['utf-8', 'utf-16le', 'utf-16be'];
+
+// 7.2 Interface TextEncoder
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string=} opt_encoding The label of the encoding;
+ *     defaults to 'utf-8'.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}=} options
+ */
+function TextEncoder(opt_encoding, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof TextEncoder)) {
+    return new TextEncoder(opt_encoding, options);
+  }
+  opt_encoding = opt_encoding ? String(opt_encoding) : DEFAULT_ENCODING;
+  options = Object(options);
+  /** @private */
+  this._encoding = getEncoding(opt_encoding);
+  if (this._encoding === null || (this._encoding.name !== 'utf-8' &&
+                                  this._encoding.name !== 'utf-16le' &&
+                                  this._encoding.name !== 'utf-16be'))
+    throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + opt_encoding);
+  /** @private @type {boolean} */
+  this._streaming = false;
+  /** @private */
+  this._encoder = null;
+  /** @private @type {{fatal: boolean}=} */
+  this._options = { fatal: Boolean(options.fatal) };
+
+  if (Object.defineProperty) {
+    Object.defineProperty(
+        this, 'encoding',
+        { get: function() { return this._encoding.name; } });
+  } else {
+    this.encoding = this._encoding.name;
+  }
+
+  return this;
+}
+
+TextEncoder.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * @param {string=} opt_string The string to encode.
+   * @param {{stream: boolean}=} options
+   */
+  encode: function encode(opt_string, options) {
+    opt_string = opt_string ? String(opt_string) : '';
+    options = Object(options);
+    // TODO: any options?
+    if (!this._streaming) {
+      this._encoder = this._encoding.getEncoder(this._options);
+    }
+    this._streaming = Boolean(options.stream);
+
+    var bytes = [];
+    var output_stream = new ByteOutputStream(bytes);
+    var input_stream = new CodePointInputStream(opt_string);
+    while (input_stream.get() !== EOF_code_point) {
+      this._encoder.encode(output_stream, input_stream);
+    }
+    if (!this._streaming) {
+      /** @type {number} */
+      var last_byte;
+      do {
+        last_byte = this._encoder.encode(output_stream, input_stream);
+      } while (last_byte !== EOF_byte);
+      this._encoder = null;
+    }
+    return new Buffer(bytes);
+  }
+};
+
+
+//
+// 8. The encoding
+//
+
+// 8.1 utf-8
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function UTF8Decoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {number} */ utf8_code_point = 0,
+      /** @type {number} */ utf8_bytes_needed = 0,
+      /** @type {number} */ utf8_bytes_seen = 0,
+      /** @type {number} */ utf8_lower_boundary = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+      if (utf8_bytes_needed !== 0) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+
+    if (utf8_bytes_needed === 0) {
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+        return bite;
+      }
+      if (inRange(bite, 0xC2, 0xDF)) {
+        utf8_bytes_needed = 1;
+        utf8_lower_boundary = 0x80;
+        utf8_code_point = bite - 0xC0;
+      } else if (inRange(bite, 0xE0, 0xEF)) {
+        utf8_bytes_needed = 2;
+        utf8_lower_boundary = 0x800;
+        utf8_code_point = bite - 0xE0;
+      } else if (inRange(bite, 0xF0, 0xF4)) {
+        utf8_bytes_needed = 3;
+        utf8_lower_boundary = 0x10000;
+        utf8_code_point = bite - 0xF0;
+      } else {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      utf8_code_point = utf8_code_point * Math.pow(64, utf8_bytes_needed);
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (!inRange(bite, 0x80, 0xBF)) {
+      utf8_code_point = 0;
+      utf8_bytes_needed = 0;
+      utf8_bytes_seen = 0;
+      utf8_lower_boundary = 0;
+      byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    utf8_bytes_seen += 1;
+    utf8_code_point = utf8_code_point + (bite - 0x80) *
+        Math.pow(64, utf8_bytes_needed - utf8_bytes_seen);
+    if (utf8_bytes_seen !== utf8_bytes_needed) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    var code_point = utf8_code_point;
+    var lower_boundary = utf8_lower_boundary;
+    utf8_code_point = 0;
+    utf8_bytes_needed = 0;
+    utf8_bytes_seen = 0;
+    utf8_lower_boundary = 0;
+    if (inRange(code_point, lower_boundary, 0x10FFFF) &&
+        !inRange(code_point, 0xD800, 0xDFFF)) {
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function UTF8Encoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    /** @type {number} */
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xD800, 0xDFFF)) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007f)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    var count, offset;
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0080, 0x07FF)) {
+      count = 1;
+      offset = 0xC0;
+    } else if (inRange(code_point, 0x0800, 0xFFFF)) {
+      count = 2;
+      offset = 0xE0;
+    } else if (inRange(code_point, 0x10000, 0x10FFFF)) {
+      count = 3;
+      offset = 0xF0;
+    }
+    var result = output_byte_stream.emit(
+        div(code_point, Math.pow(64, count)) + offset);
+    while (count > 0) {
+      var temp = div(code_point, Math.pow(64, count - 1));
+      result = output_byte_stream.emit(0x80 + (temp % 64));
+      count -= 1;
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['utf-8'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new UTF8Encoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['utf-8'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new UTF8Decoder(options);
+};
+
+//
+// 9. Legacy single-byte encodings
+//
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Array.<number>} index The encoding index.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function SingleByteDecoder(index, options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+    var code_point = index[bite - 0x80];
+    if (code_point === null) {
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    return code_point;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Array.<?number>} index The encoding index.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function SingleByteEncoder(index, options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, index);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(pointer + 0x80);
+  };
+}
+
+(function() {
+  encodings.forEach(function(category) {
+    if (category.heading !== 'Legacy single-byte encodings')
+      return;
+    category.encodings.forEach(function(encoding) {
+      var idx = indexes[encoding.name];
+      /** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+      encoding.getDecoder = function(options) {
+        return new SingleByteDecoder(idx, options);
+      };
+      /** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+      encoding.getEncoder = function(options) {
+        return new SingleByteEncoder(idx, options);
+      };
+    });
+  });
+}());
+
+//
+// 10. Legacy multi-byte Chinese (simplified) encodings
+//
+
+// 9.1 gbk
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {boolean} gb18030 True if decoding gb18030, false otherwise.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function GBKDecoder(gb18030, options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {number} */ gbk_first = 0x00,
+      /** @type {number} */ gbk_second = 0x00,
+      /** @type {number} */ gbk_third = 0x00;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && gbk_first === 0x00 &&
+        gbk_second === 0x00 && gbk_third === 0x00) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === EOF_byte &&
+        (gbk_first !== 0x00 || gbk_second !== 0x00 || gbk_third !== 0x00)) {
+      gbk_first = 0x00;
+      gbk_second = 0x00;
+      gbk_third = 0x00;
+      decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    var code_point;
+    if (gbk_third !== 0x00) {
+      code_point = null;
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x30, 0x39)) {
+        code_point = indexGB18030CodePointFor(
+            (((gbk_first - 0x81) * 10 + (gbk_second - 0x30)) * 126 +
+             (gbk_third - 0x81)) * 10 + bite - 0x30);
+      }
+      gbk_first = 0x00;
+      gbk_second = 0x00;
+      gbk_third = 0x00;
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        byte_pointer.offset(-3);
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    if (gbk_second !== 0x00) {
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x81, 0xFE)) {
+        gbk_third = bite;
+        return null;
+      }
+      byte_pointer.offset(-2);
+      gbk_first = 0x00;
+      gbk_second = 0x00;
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    if (gbk_first !== 0x00) {
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x30, 0x39) && gb18030) {
+        gbk_second = bite;
+        return null;
+      }
+      var lead = gbk_first;
+      var pointer = null;
+      gbk_first = 0x00;
+      var offset = bite < 0x7F ? 0x40 : 0x41;
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x40, 0x7E) || inRange(bite, 0x80, 0xFE)) {
+        pointer = (lead - 0x81) * 190 + (bite - offset);
+      }
+      code_point = pointer === null ? null :
+          indexCodePointFor(pointer, indexes['gbk']);
+      if (pointer === null) {
+        byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      }
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+    if (bite === 0x80) {
+      return 0x20AC;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x81, 0xFE)) {
+      gbk_first = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {boolean} gb18030 True if decoding gb18030, false otherwise.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function GBKEncoder(gb18030, options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['gbk']);
+    if (pointer !== null) {
+      var lead = div(pointer, 190) + 0x81;
+      var trail = pointer % 190;
+      var offset = trail < 0x3F ? 0x40 : 0x41;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail + offset);
+    }
+    if (pointer === null && !gb18030) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    pointer = indexGB18030PointerFor(code_point);
+    var byte1 = div(div(div(pointer, 10), 126), 10);
+    pointer = pointer - byte1 * 10 * 126 * 10;
+    var byte2 = div(div(pointer, 10), 126);
+    pointer = pointer - byte2 * 10 * 126;
+    var byte3 = div(pointer, 10);
+    var byte4 = pointer - byte3 * 10;
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(byte1 + 0x81,
+                                   byte2 + 0x30,
+                                   byte3 + 0x81,
+                                   byte4 + 0x30);
+  };
+}
+
+name_to_encoding['gbk'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new GBKEncoder(false, options);
+};
+name_to_encoding['gbk'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new GBKDecoder(false, options);
+};
+
+// 9.2 gb18030
+name_to_encoding['gb18030'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new GBKEncoder(true, options);
+};
+name_to_encoding['gb18030'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new GBKDecoder(true, options);
+};
+
+// 10.2 hz-gb-2312
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function HZGB2312Decoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {boolean} */ hzgb2312 = false,
+      /** @type {number} */ hzgb2312_lead = 0x00;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && hzgb2312_lead === 0x00) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && hzgb2312_lead !== 0x00) {
+      hzgb2312_lead = 0x00;
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (hzgb2312_lead === 0x7E) {
+      hzgb2312_lead = 0x00;
+      if (bite === 0x7B) {
+        hzgb2312 = true;
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (bite === 0x7D) {
+        hzgb2312 = false;
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (bite === 0x7E) {
+        return 0x007E;
+      }
+      if (bite === 0x0A) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    if (hzgb2312_lead !== 0x00) {
+      var lead = hzgb2312_lead;
+      hzgb2312_lead = 0x00;
+      var code_point = null;
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x21, 0x7E)) {
+        code_point = indexCodePointFor((lead - 1) * 190 +
+                                       (bite + 0x3F), indexes['gbk']);
+      }
+      if (bite === 0x0A) {
+        hzgb2312 = false;
+      }
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === 0x7E) {
+      hzgb2312_lead = 0x7E;
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (hzgb2312) {
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x20, 0x7F)) {
+        hzgb2312_lead = bite;
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (bite === 0x0A) {
+        hzgb2312 = false;
+      }
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function HZGB2312Encoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /** @type {boolean} */
+  var hzgb2312 = false;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F) && hzgb2312) {
+      code_point_pointer.offset(-1);
+      hzgb2312 = false;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x7E, 0x7D);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x007E) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x7E, 0x7E);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    if (!hzgb2312) {
+      code_point_pointer.offset(-1);
+      hzgb2312 = true;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x7E, 0x7B);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['gbk']);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead = div(pointer, 190) + 1;
+    var trail = pointer % 190 - 0x3F;
+    if (!inRange(lead, 0x21, 0x7E) || !inRange(trail, 0x21, 0x7E)) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail);
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['hz-gb-2312'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new HZGB2312Encoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['hz-gb-2312'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new HZGB2312Decoder(options);
+};
+
+//
+// 11. Legacy multi-byte Chinese (traditional) encodings
+//
+
+// 11.1 big5
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function Big5Decoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {number} */ big5_lead = 0x00,
+      /** @type {?number} */ big5_pending = null;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte steram to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    // NOTE: Hack to support emitting two code points
+    if (big5_pending !== null) {
+      var pending = big5_pending;
+      big5_pending = null;
+      return pending;
+    }
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && big5_lead === 0x00) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && big5_lead !== 0x00) {
+      big5_lead = 0x00;
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (big5_lead !== 0x00) {
+      var lead = big5_lead;
+      var pointer = null;
+      big5_lead = 0x00;
+      var offset = bite < 0x7F ? 0x40 : 0x62;
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x40, 0x7E) || inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+        pointer = (lead - 0x81) * 157 + (bite - offset);
+      }
+      if (pointer === 1133) {
+        big5_pending = 0x0304;
+        return 0x00CA;
+      }
+      if (pointer === 1135) {
+        big5_pending = 0x030C;
+        return 0x00CA;
+      }
+      if (pointer === 1164) {
+        big5_pending = 0x0304;
+        return 0x00EA;
+      }
+      if (pointer === 1166) {
+        big5_pending = 0x030C;
+        return 0x00EA;
+      }
+      var code_point = (pointer === null) ? null :
+          indexCodePointFor(pointer, indexes['big5']);
+      if (pointer === null) {
+        byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      }
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x81, 0xFE)) {
+      big5_lead = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function Big5Encoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['big5']);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead = div(pointer, 157) + 0x81;
+    //if (lead < 0xA1) {
+    //  return encoderError(code_point);
+    //}
+    var trail = pointer % 157;
+    var offset = trail < 0x3F ? 0x40 : 0x62;
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail + offset);
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['big5'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new Big5Encoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['big5'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new Big5Decoder(options);
+};
+
+
+//
+// 12. Legacy multi-byte Japanese encodings
+//
+
+// 12.1 euc.jp
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function EUCJPDecoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {number} */ eucjp_first = 0x00,
+      /** @type {number} */ eucjp_second = 0x00;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+      if (eucjp_first === 0x00 && eucjp_second === 0x00) {
+        return EOF_code_point;
+      }
+      eucjp_first = 0x00;
+      eucjp_second = 0x00;
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+
+    var lead, code_point;
+    if (eucjp_second !== 0x00) {
+      lead = eucjp_second;
+      eucjp_second = 0x00;
+      code_point = null;
+      if (inRange(lead, 0xA1, 0xFE) && inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+        code_point = indexCodePointFor((lead - 0xA1) * 94 + bite - 0xA1,
+                                       indexes['jis0212']);
+      }
+      if (!inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+        byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      }
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    if (eucjp_first === 0x8E && inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xDF)) {
+      eucjp_first = 0x00;
+      return 0xFF61 + bite - 0xA1;
+    }
+    if (eucjp_first === 0x8F && inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+      eucjp_first = 0x00;
+      eucjp_second = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (eucjp_first !== 0x00) {
+      lead = eucjp_first;
+      eucjp_first = 0x00;
+      code_point = null;
+      if (inRange(lead, 0xA1, 0xFE) && inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+        code_point = indexCodePointFor((lead - 0xA1) * 94 + bite - 0xA1,
+                                       indexes['jis0208']);
+      }
+      if (!inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+        byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      }
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+    if (bite === 0x8E || bite === 0x8F || (inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE))) {
+      eucjp_first = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function EUCJPEncoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x00A5) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x5C);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x203E) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x7E);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xFF61, 0xFF9F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x8E, code_point - 0xFF61 + 0xA1);
+    }
+
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['jis0208']);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead = div(pointer, 94) + 0xA1;
+    var trail = pointer % 94 + 0xA1;
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail);
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['euc-jp'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new EUCJPEncoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['euc-jp'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new EUCJPDecoder(options);
+};
+
+// 12.2 iso-2022-jp
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function ISO2022JPDecoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /** @enum */
+  var state = {
+    ASCII: 0,
+    escape_start: 1,
+    escape_middle: 2,
+    escape_final: 3,
+    lead: 4,
+    trail: 5,
+    Katakana: 6
+  };
+  var /** @type {number} */ iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII,
+      /** @type {boolean} */ iso2022jp_jis0212 = false,
+      /** @type {number} */ iso2022jp_lead = 0x00;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite !== EOF_byte) {
+      byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    }
+    switch (iso2022jp_state) {
+      default:
+      case state.ASCII:
+        if (bite === 0x1B) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.escape_start;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+          return bite;
+        }
+        if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+          return EOF_code_point;
+        }
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+
+      case state.escape_start:
+        if (bite === 0x24 || bite === 0x28) {
+          iso2022jp_lead = bite;
+          iso2022jp_state = state.escape_middle;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (bite !== EOF_byte) {
+          byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+        }
+        iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+
+      case state.escape_middle:
+        var lead = iso2022jp_lead;
+        iso2022jp_lead = 0x00;
+        if (lead === 0x24 && (bite === 0x40 || bite === 0x42)) {
+          iso2022jp_jis0212 = false;
+          iso2022jp_state = state.lead;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (lead === 0x24 && bite === 0x28) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.escape_final;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (lead === 0x28 && (bite === 0x42 || bite === 0x4A)) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (lead === 0x28 && bite === 0x49) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.Katakana;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+          byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+        } else {
+          byte_pointer.offset(-2);
+        }
+        iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+
+      case state.escape_final:
+        if (bite === 0x44) {
+          iso2022jp_jis0212 = true;
+          iso2022jp_state = state.lead;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+          byte_pointer.offset(-2);
+        } else {
+          byte_pointer.offset(-3);
+        }
+        iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+
+      case state.lead:
+        if (bite === 0x0A) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+          return decoderError(fatal, 0x000A);
+        }
+        if (bite === 0x1B) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.escape_start;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+          return EOF_code_point;
+        }
+        iso2022jp_lead = bite;
+        iso2022jp_state = state.trail;
+        return null;
+
+      case state.trail:
+        iso2022jp_state = state.lead;
+        if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+          return decoderError(fatal);
+        }
+        var code_point = null;
+        var pointer = (iso2022jp_lead - 0x21) * 94 + bite - 0x21;
+        if (inRange(iso2022jp_lead, 0x21, 0x7E) &&
+            inRange(bite, 0x21, 0x7E)) {
+          code_point = (iso2022jp_jis0212 === false) ?
+              indexCodePointFor(pointer, indexes['jis0208']) :
+              indexCodePointFor(pointer, indexes['jis0212']);
+        }
+        if (code_point === null) {
+          return decoderError(fatal);
+        }
+        return code_point;
+
+      case state.Katakana:
+        if (bite === 0x1B) {
+          iso2022jp_state = state.escape_start;
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (inRange(bite, 0x21, 0x5F)) {
+          return 0xFF61 + bite - 0x21;
+        }
+        if (bite === EOF_byte) {
+          return EOF_code_point;
+        }
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function ISO2022JPEncoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /** @enum */
+  var state = {
+    ASCII: 0,
+    lead: 1,
+    Katakana: 2
+  };
+  var /** @type {number} */ iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if ((inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F) ||
+         code_point === 0x00A5 || code_point === 0x203E) &&
+        iso2022jp_state !== state.ASCII) {
+      code_point_pointer.offset(-1);
+      iso2022jp_state = state.ASCII;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x1B, 0x28, 0x42);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x00A5) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x5C);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x203E) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x7E);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xFF61, 0xFF9F) &&
+        iso2022jp_state !== state.Katakana) {
+      code_point_pointer.offset(-1);
+      iso2022jp_state = state.Katakana;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x1B, 0x28, 0x49);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xFF61, 0xFF9F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point - 0xFF61 - 0x21);
+    }
+    if (iso2022jp_state !== state.lead) {
+      code_point_pointer.offset(-1);
+      iso2022jp_state = state.lead;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x1B, 0x24, 0x42);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['jis0208']);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead = div(pointer, 94) + 0x21;
+    var trail = pointer % 94 + 0x21;
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail);
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['iso-2022-jp'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new ISO2022JPEncoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['iso-2022-jp'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new ISO2022JPDecoder(options);
+};
+
+// 12.3 shift_jis
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function ShiftJISDecoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {number} */ shiftjis_lead = 0x00;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && shiftjis_lead === 0x00) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && shiftjis_lead !== 0x00) {
+      shiftjis_lead = 0x00;
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (shiftjis_lead !== 0x00) {
+      var lead = shiftjis_lead;
+      shiftjis_lead = 0x00;
+      if (inRange(bite, 0x40, 0x7E) || inRange(bite, 0x80, 0xFC)) {
+        var offset = (bite < 0x7F) ? 0x40 : 0x41;
+        var lead_offset = (lead < 0xA0) ? 0x81 : 0xC1;
+        var code_point = indexCodePointFor((lead - lead_offset) * 188 +
+                                           bite - offset, indexes['jis0208']);
+        if (code_point === null) {
+          return decoderError(fatal);
+        }
+        return code_point;
+      }
+      byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x80)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xDF)) {
+      return 0xFF61 + bite - 0xA1;
+    }
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x81, 0x9F) || inRange(bite, 0xE0, 0xFC)) {
+      shiftjis_lead = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function ShiftJISEncoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x0080)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x00A5) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x5C);
+    }
+    if (code_point === 0x203E) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(0x7E);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xFF61, 0xFF9F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point - 0xFF61 + 0xA1);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['jis0208']);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead = div(pointer, 188);
+    var lead_offset = lead < 0x1F ? 0x81 : 0xC1;
+    var trail = pointer % 188;
+    var offset = trail < 0x3F ? 0x40 : 0x41;
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(lead + lead_offset, trail + offset);
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['shift_jis'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new ShiftJISEncoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['shift_jis'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new ShiftJISDecoder(options);
+};
+
+//
+// 13. Legacy multi-byte Korean encodings
+//
+
+// 13.1 euc-kr
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function EUCKRDecoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {number} */ euckr_lead = 0x00;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && euckr_lead === 0) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && euckr_lead !== 0) {
+      euckr_lead = 0x00;
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (euckr_lead !== 0x00) {
+      var lead = euckr_lead;
+      var pointer = null;
+      euckr_lead = 0x00;
+
+      if (inRange(lead, 0x81, 0xC6)) {
+        var temp = (26 + 26 + 126) * (lead - 0x81);
+        if (inRange(bite, 0x41, 0x5A)) {
+          pointer = temp + bite - 0x41;
+        } else if (inRange(bite, 0x61, 0x7A)) {
+          pointer = temp + 26 + bite - 0x61;
+        } else if (inRange(bite, 0x81, 0xFE)) {
+          pointer = temp + 26 + 26 + bite - 0x81;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (inRange(lead, 0xC7, 0xFD) && inRange(bite, 0xA1, 0xFE)) {
+        pointer = (26 + 26 + 126) * (0xC7 - 0x81) + (lead - 0xC7) * 94 +
+            (bite - 0xA1);
+      }
+
+      var code_point = (pointer === null) ? null :
+          indexCodePointFor(pointer, indexes['euc-kr']);
+      if (pointer === null) {
+        byte_pointer.offset(-1);
+      }
+      if (code_point === null) {
+        return decoderError(fatal);
+      }
+      return code_point;
+    }
+
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x00, 0x7F)) {
+      return bite;
+    }
+
+    if (inRange(bite, 0x81, 0xFD)) {
+      euckr_lead = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return decoderError(fatal);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function EUCKREncoder(options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0x0000, 0x007F)) {
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(code_point);
+    }
+    var pointer = indexPointerFor(code_point, indexes['euc-kr']);
+    if (pointer === null) {
+      return encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead, trail;
+    if (pointer < ((26 + 26 + 126) * (0xC7 - 0x81))) {
+      lead = div(pointer, (26 + 26 + 126)) + 0x81;
+      trail = pointer % (26 + 26 + 126);
+      var offset = trail < 26 ? 0x41 : trail < 26 + 26 ? 0x47 : 0x4D;
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail + offset);
+    }
+    pointer = pointer - (26 + 26 + 126) * (0xC7 - 0x81);
+    lead = div(pointer, 94) + 0xC7;
+    trail = pointer % 94 + 0xA1;
+    return output_byte_stream.emit(lead, trail);
+  };
+}
+
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['euc-kr'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new EUCKREncoder(options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['euc-kr'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new EUCKRDecoder(options);
+};
+
+
+//
+// 14. Legacy miscellaneous encodings
+//
+
+// 14.1 replacement
+
+// Not needed - API throws TypeError
+
+// 14.2 utf-16
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {boolean} utf16_be True if big-endian, false if little-endian.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function UTF16Decoder(utf16_be, options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  var /** @type {?number} */ utf16_lead_byte = null,
+      /** @type {?number} */ utf16_lead_surrogate = null;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteInputStream} byte_pointer The byte stream to decode.
+   * @return {?number} The next code point decoded, or null if not enough
+   *     data exists in the input stream to decode a complete code point.
+   */
+  this.decode = function(byte_pointer) {
+    var bite = byte_pointer.get();
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && utf16_lead_byte === null &&
+        utf16_lead_surrogate === null) {
+      return EOF_code_point;
+    }
+    if (bite === EOF_byte && (utf16_lead_byte !== null ||
+                              utf16_lead_surrogate !== null)) {
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    byte_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (utf16_lead_byte === null) {
+      utf16_lead_byte = bite;
+      return null;
+    }
+    var code_point;
+    if (utf16_be) {
+      code_point = (utf16_lead_byte << 8) + bite;
+    } else {
+      code_point = (bite << 8) + utf16_lead_byte;
+    }
+    utf16_lead_byte = null;
+    if (utf16_lead_surrogate !== null) {
+      var lead_surrogate = utf16_lead_surrogate;
+      utf16_lead_surrogate = null;
+      if (inRange(code_point, 0xDC00, 0xDFFF)) {
+        return 0x10000 + (lead_surrogate - 0xD800) * 0x400 +
+            (code_point - 0xDC00);
+      }
+      byte_pointer.offset(-2);
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xD800, 0xDBFF)) {
+      utf16_lead_surrogate = code_point;
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xDC00, 0xDFFF)) {
+      return decoderError(fatal);
+    }
+    return code_point;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {boolean} utf16_be True if big-endian, false if little-endian.
+ * @param {{fatal: boolean}} options
+ */
+function UTF16Encoder(utf16_be, options) {
+  var fatal = options.fatal;
+  /**
+   * @param {ByteOutputStream} output_byte_stream Output byte stream.
+   * @param {CodePointInputStream} code_point_pointer Input stream.
+   * @return {number} The last byte emitted.
+   */
+  this.encode = function(output_byte_stream, code_point_pointer) {
+    /**
+     * @param {number} code_unit
+     * @return {number} last byte emitted
+     */
+    function convert_to_bytes(code_unit) {
+      var byte1 = code_unit >> 8;
+      var byte2 = code_unit & 0x00FF;
+      if (utf16_be) {
+        return output_byte_stream.emit(byte1, byte2);
+      }
+      return output_byte_stream.emit(byte2, byte1);
+    }
+    var code_point = code_point_pointer.get();
+    if (code_point === EOF_code_point) {
+      return EOF_byte;
+    }
+    code_point_pointer.offset(1);
+    if (inRange(code_point, 0xD800, 0xDFFF)) {
+      encoderError(code_point);
+    }
+    if (code_point <= 0xFFFF) {
+      return convert_to_bytes(code_point);
+    }
+    var lead = div((code_point - 0x10000), 0x400) + 0xD800;
+    var trail = ((code_point - 0x10000) % 0x400) + 0xDC00;
+    convert_to_bytes(lead);
+    return convert_to_bytes(trail);
+  };
+}
+
+// 14.3 utf-16be
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['utf-16be'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new UTF16Encoder(true, options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['utf-16be'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new UTF16Decoder(true, options);
+};
+
+// 14.4 utf-16le
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['utf-16le'].getEncoder = function(options) {
+  return new UTF16Encoder(false, options);
+};
+/** @param {{fatal: boolean}} options */
+name_to_encoding['utf-16le'].getDecoder = function(options) {
+  return new UTF16Decoder(false, options);
+};
+
+// 14.5 x-user-defined
+// TODO: Implement this encoding.
+
+// NOTE: currently unused
+/**
+ * @param {string} label The encoding label.
+ * @param {ByteInputStream} input_stream The byte stream to test.
+ */
+function detectEncoding(label, input_stream) {
+  if (input_stream.match([0xFF, 0xFE])) {
+    input_stream.offset(2);
+    return 'utf-16le';
+  }
+  if (input_stream.match([0xFE, 0xFF])) {
+    input_stream.offset(2);
+    return 'utf-16be';
+  }
+  if (input_stream.match([0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF])) {
+    input_stream.offset(3);
+    return 'utf-8';
+  }
+  return label;
+}
+
+exports.TextEncoder = TextEncoder;
+exports.TextDecoder = TextDecoder;
+exports.encodingExists = getEncoding;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/main.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18f30cecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+var fs = require('fs'),
+    WritableStream = require('stream').Writable
+                     || require('readable-stream').Writable,
+    inherits = require('util').inherits;
+
+var parseParams = require('./utils').parseParams;
+
+function Busboy(opts) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Busboy))
+    return new Busboy(opts);
+  if (opts.highWaterMark !== undefined)
+    WritableStream.call(this, { highWaterMark: opts.highWaterMark });
+  else
+    WritableStream.call(this);
+
+  this._done = false;
+  this._parser = undefined;
+  this._finished = false;
+
+  this.opts = opts;
+  if (opts.headers && typeof opts.headers['content-type'] === 'string')
+    this.parseHeaders(opts.headers);
+  else
+    throw new Error('Missing Content-Type');
+}
+inherits(Busboy, WritableStream);
+
+Busboy.prototype.emit = function(ev) {
+  if (ev === 'finish') {
+    if (!this._done) {
+      this._parser && this._parser.end();
+      return;
+    } else if (this._finished) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._finished = true;
+  }
+  WritableStream.prototype.emit.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+Busboy.prototype.parseHeaders = function(headers) {
+  this._parser = undefined;
+  if (headers['content-type']) {
+    var parsed = parseParams(headers['content-type']),
+        matched, type;
+    for (var i = 0; i < TYPES.length; ++i) {
+      type = TYPES[i];
+      if (typeof type.detect === 'function')
+        matched = type.detect(parsed);
+      else
+        matched = type.detect.test(parsed[0]);
+      if (matched)
+        break;
+    }
+    if (matched) {
+      var cfg = {
+        limits: this.opts.limits,
+        headers: headers,
+        parsedConType: parsed,
+        highWaterMark: undefined,
+        fileHwm: undefined,
+        defCharset: undefined,
+        preservePath: false
+      };
+      if (this.opts.highWaterMark)
+        cfg.highWaterMark = this.opts.highWaterMark;
+      if (this.opts.fileHwm)
+        cfg.fileHwm = this.opts.fileHwm;
+      cfg.defCharset = this.opts.defCharset;
+      cfg.preservePath = this.opts.preservePath;
+      this._parser = type(this, cfg);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  throw new Error('Unsupported content type: ' + headers['content-type']);
+};
+
+Busboy.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  if (!this._parser)
+    return cb(new Error('Not ready to parse. Missing Content-Type?'));
+  this._parser.write(chunk, cb);
+};
+
+var TYPES = [
+  require('./types/multipart'),
+  require('./types/urlencoded'),
+];
+
+module.exports = Busboy;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/types/multipart.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/types/multipart.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d33492ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/types/multipart.js
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+// TODO:
+//  * support 1 nested multipart level
+//    (see second multipart example here:
+//     http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#didx-multipartform-data)
+//  * support limits.fieldNameSize
+//     -- this will require modifications to utils.parseParams
+
+var ReadableStream = require('stream').Readable || require('readable-stream'),
+    inherits = require('util').inherits;
+
+var Dicer = require('dicer');
+
+var parseParams = require('../utils').parseParams,
+    decodeText = require('../utils').decodeText,
+    basename = require('../utils').basename;
+
+var RE_BOUNDARY = /^boundary$/i,
+    RE_FIELD = /^form-data$/i,
+    RE_CHARSET = /^charset$/i,
+    RE_FILENAME = /^filename$/i,
+    RE_NAME = /^name$/i;
+
+Multipart.detect = /^multipart\/form-data/i;
+function Multipart(boy, cfg) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Multipart))
+    return new Multipart(boy, cfg);
+  var i,
+      len,
+      self = this,
+      boundary,
+      limits = cfg.limits,
+      parsedConType = cfg.parsedConType || [],
+      defCharset = cfg.defCharset || 'utf8',
+      preservePath = cfg.preservePath,
+      fileopts = (typeof cfg.fileHwm === 'number'
+                  ? { highWaterMark: cfg.fileHwm }
+                  : {});
+
+  for (i = 0, len = parsedConType.length; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (Array.isArray(parsedConType[i])
+        && RE_BOUNDARY.test(parsedConType[i][0])) {
+      boundary = parsedConType[i][1];
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function checkFinished() {
+    if (nends === 0 && finished && !boy._done) {
+      finished = false;
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        boy._done = true;
+        boy.emit('finish');
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof boundary !== 'string')
+    throw new Error('Multipart: Boundary not found');
+
+  var fieldSizeLimit = (limits && typeof limits.fieldSize === 'number'
+                        ? limits.fieldSize
+                        : 1 * 1024 * 1024),
+      fileSizeLimit = (limits && typeof limits.fileSize === 'number'
+                       ? limits.fileSize
+                       : Infinity),
+      filesLimit = (limits && typeof limits.files === 'number'
+                    ? limits.files
+                    : Infinity),
+      fieldsLimit = (limits && typeof limits.fields === 'number'
+                     ? limits.fields
+                     : Infinity),
+      partsLimit = (limits && typeof limits.parts === 'number'
+                    ? limits.parts
+                    : Infinity);
+
+  var nfiles = 0,
+      nfields = 0,
+      nends = 0,
+      curFile,
+      curField,
+      finished = false;
+
+  this._needDrain = false;
+  this._pause = false;
+  this._cb = undefined;
+  this._nparts = 0;
+  this._boy = boy;
+
+  var parserCfg = {
+    boundary: boundary,
+    maxHeaderPairs: (limits && limits.headerPairs)
+  };
+  if (fileopts.highWaterMark)
+    parserCfg.partHwm = fileopts.highWaterMark;
+  if (cfg.highWaterMark)
+    parserCfg.highWaterMark = cfg.highWaterMark;
+
+  this.parser = new Dicer(parserCfg);
+  this.parser.on('drain', function() {
+    self._needDrain = false;
+    if (self._cb && !self._pause) {
+      var cb = self._cb;
+      self._cb = undefined;
+      cb();
+    }
+  }).on('part', function onPart(part) {
+    if (++self._nparts > partsLimit) {
+      self.parser.removeListener('part', onPart);
+      self.parser.on('part', skipPart);
+      boy.hitPartsLimit = true;
+      boy.emit('partsLimit');
+      return skipPart(part);
+    }
+
+    // hack because streams2 _always_ doesn't emit 'end' until nextTick, so let
+    // us emit 'end' early since we know the part has ended if we are already
+    // seeing the next part
+    if (curField) {
+      var field = curField;
+      field.emit('end');
+      field.removeAllListeners('end');
+    }
+
+    part.on('header', function(header) {
+      var contype,
+          fieldname,
+          parsed,
+          charset,
+          encoding,
+          filename,
+          nsize = 0;
+
+      if (header['content-type']) {
+        parsed = parseParams(header['content-type'][0]);
+        if (parsed[0]) {
+          contype = parsed[0].toLowerCase();
+          for (i = 0, len = parsed.length; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RE_CHARSET.test(parsed[i][0])) {
+              charset = parsed[i][1].toLowerCase();
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (contype === undefined)
+        contype = 'text/plain';
+      if (charset === undefined)
+        charset = defCharset;
+
+      if (header['content-disposition']) {
+        parsed = parseParams(header['content-disposition'][0]);
+        if (!RE_FIELD.test(parsed[0]))
+          return skipPart(part);
+        for (i = 0, len = parsed.length; i < len; ++i) {
+          if (RE_NAME.test(parsed[i][0])) {
+            fieldname = decodeText(parsed[i][1], 'binary', 'utf8');
+          } else if (RE_FILENAME.test(parsed[i][0])) {
+            filename = decodeText(parsed[i][1], 'binary', 'utf8');
+            if (!preservePath)
+              filename = basename(filename);
+          }
+        }
+      } else
+        return skipPart(part);
+
+      if (header['content-transfer-encoding'])
+        encoding = header['content-transfer-encoding'][0].toLowerCase();
+      else
+        encoding = '7bit';
+
+      var onData,
+          onEnd;
+      if (contype === 'application/octet-stream' || filename !== undefined) {
+        // file/binary field
+        if (nfiles === filesLimit) {
+          if (!boy.hitFilesLimit) {
+            boy.hitFilesLimit = true;
+            boy.emit('filesLimit');
+          }
+          return skipPart(part);
+        }
+
+        ++nfiles;
+
+        if (!boy._events.file) {
+          self.parser._ignore();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        ++nends;
+        var file = new FileStream(fileopts);
+        curFile = file;
+        file.on('end', function() {
+          --nends;
+          checkFinished();
+          if (self._cb && !self._needDrain) {
+            var cb = self._cb;
+            self._cb = undefined;
+            cb();
+          }
+        });
+        file._read = function(n) {
+          if (!self._pause)
+            return;
+          self._pause = false;
+          if (self._cb && !self._needDrain) {
+            var cb = self._cb;
+            self._cb = undefined;
+            cb();
+          }
+        };
+        boy.emit('file', fieldname, file, filename, encoding, contype);
+
+        onData = function(data) {
+          if ((nsize += data.length) > fileSizeLimit) {
+            var extralen = (fileSizeLimit - (nsize - data.length));
+            if (extralen > 0)
+              file.push(data.slice(0, extralen));
+            file.emit('limit');
+            file.truncated = true;
+            part.removeAllListeners('data');
+          } else if (!file.push(data))
+            self._pause = true;
+        };
+
+        onEnd = function() {
+          curFile = undefined;
+          file.push(null);
+        };
+      } else {
+        // non-file field
+        if (nfields === fieldsLimit) {
+          if (!boy.hitFieldsLimit) {
+            boy.hitFieldsLimit = true;
+            boy.emit('fieldsLimit');
+          }
+          return skipPart(part);
+        }
+
+        ++nfields;
+        ++nends;
+        var buffer = '',
+            truncated = false;
+        curField = part;
+
+        onData = function(data) {
+          if ((nsize += data.length) > fieldSizeLimit) {
+            var extralen = (fieldSizeLimit - (nsize - data.length));
+            buffer += data.toString('binary', 0, extralen);
+            truncated = true;
+            part.removeAllListeners('data');
+          } else
+            buffer += data.toString('binary');
+        };
+
+        onEnd = function() {
+          curField = undefined;
+          if (buffer.length)
+            buffer = decodeText(buffer, 'binary', charset);
+          boy.emit('field', fieldname, buffer, false, truncated, encoding, contype);
+          --nends;
+          checkFinished();
+        };
+      }
+
+      /* As of node@2efe4ab761666 (v0.10.29+/v0.11.14+), busboy had become
+         broken. Streams2/streams3 is a huge black box of confusion, but
+         somehow overriding the sync state seems to fix things again (and still
+         seems to work for previous node versions).
+      */
+      part._readableState.sync = false;
+
+      part.on('data', onData);
+      part.on('end', onEnd);
+    }).on('error', function(err) {
+      if (curFile)
+        curFile.emit('error', err);
+    });
+  }).on('error', function(err) {
+    boy.emit('error', err);
+  }).on('finish', function() {
+    finished = true;
+    checkFinished();
+  });
+}
+
+Multipart.prototype.write = function(chunk, cb) {
+  var r;
+  if ((r = this.parser.write(chunk)) && !this._pause)
+    cb();
+  else {
+    this._needDrain = !r;
+    this._cb = cb;
+  }
+};
+
+Multipart.prototype.end = function() {
+  var self = this;
+  if (this._nparts === 0 && !self._boy._done) {
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      self._boy._done = true;
+      self._boy.emit('finish');
+    });
+  } else if (this.parser.writable)
+    this.parser.end();
+};
+
+function skipPart(part) {
+  part.resume();
+}
+
+function FileStream(opts) {
+  if (!(this instanceof FileStream))
+    return new FileStream(opts);
+  ReadableStream.call(this, opts);
+
+  this.truncated = false;
+}
+inherits(FileStream, ReadableStream);
+
+FileStream.prototype._read = function(n) {};
+
+module.exports = Multipart;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/types/urlencoded.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/types/urlencoded.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..361c80455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/types/urlencoded.js
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+var Decoder = require('../utils').Decoder,
+    decodeText = require('../utils').decodeText;
+
+var RE_CHARSET = /^charset$/i;
+
+UrlEncoded.detect = /^application\/x-www-form-urlencoded/i;
+function UrlEncoded(boy, cfg) {
+  if (!(this instanceof UrlEncoded))
+    return new UrlEncoded(boy, cfg);
+  var limits = cfg.limits,
+      headers = cfg.headers,
+      parsedConType = cfg.parsedConType;
+  this.boy = boy;
+
+  this.fieldSizeLimit = (limits && typeof limits.fieldSize === 'number'
+                         ? limits.fieldSize
+                         : 1 * 1024 * 1024);
+  this.fieldNameSizeLimit = (limits && typeof limits.fieldNameSize === 'number'
+                             ? limits.fieldNameSize
+                             : 100);
+  this.fieldsLimit = (limits && typeof limits.fields === 'number'
+                      ? limits.fields
+                      : Infinity);
+
+  var charset;
+  for (var i = 0, len = parsedConType.length; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (Array.isArray(parsedConType[i])
+        && RE_CHARSET.test(parsedConType[i][0])) {
+      charset = parsedConType[i][1].toLowerCase();
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (charset === undefined)
+    charset = cfg.defCharset || 'utf8';
+
+  this.decoder = new Decoder();
+  this.charset = charset;
+  this._fields = 0;
+  this._state = 'key';
+  this._checkingBytes = true;
+  this._bytesKey = 0;
+  this._bytesVal = 0;
+  this._key = '';
+  this._val = '';
+  this._keyTrunc = false;
+  this._valTrunc = false;
+  this._hitlimit = false;
+}
+
+UrlEncoded.prototype.write = function(data, cb) {
+  if (this._fields === this.fieldsLimit) {
+    if (!this.boy.hitFieldsLimit) {
+      this.boy.hitFieldsLimit = true;
+      this.boy.emit('fieldsLimit');
+    }
+    return cb();
+  }
+
+  var idxeq, idxamp, i, p = 0, len = data.length;
+
+  while (p < len) {
+    if (this._state === 'key') {
+      idxeq = idxamp = undefined;
+      for (i = p; i < len; ++i) {
+        if (!this._checkingBytes)
+          ++p;
+        if (data[i] === 0x3D/*=*/) {
+          idxeq = i;
+          break;
+        } else if (data[i] === 0x26/*&*/) {
+          idxamp = i;
+          break;
+        }
+        if (this._checkingBytes && this._bytesKey === this.fieldNameSizeLimit) {
+          this._hitLimit = true;
+          break;
+        } else if (this._checkingBytes)
+          ++this._bytesKey;
+      }
+
+      if (idxeq !== undefined) {
+        // key with assignment
+        if (idxeq > p)
+          this._key += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p, idxeq));
+        this._state = 'val';
+
+        this._hitLimit = false;
+        this._checkingBytes = true;
+        this._val = '';
+        this._bytesVal = 0;
+        this._valTrunc = false;
+        this.decoder.reset();
+
+        p = idxeq + 1;
+      } else if (idxamp !== undefined) {
+        // key with no assignment
+        ++this._fields;
+        var key, keyTrunc = this._keyTrunc;
+        if (idxamp > p)
+          key = (this._key += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p, idxamp)));
+        else
+          key = this._key;
+
+        this._hitLimit = false;
+        this._checkingBytes = true;
+        this._key = '';
+        this._bytesKey = 0;
+        this._keyTrunc = false;
+        this.decoder.reset();
+
+        if (key.length) {
+          this.boy.emit('field', decodeText(key, 'binary', this.charset),
+                                 '',
+                                 keyTrunc,
+                                 false);
+        }
+
+        p = idxamp + 1;
+        if (this._fields === this.fieldsLimit)
+          return cb();
+      } else if (this._hitLimit) {
+        // we may not have hit the actual limit if there are encoded bytes...
+        if (i > p)
+          this._key += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p, i));
+        p = i;
+        if ((this._bytesKey = this._key.length) === this.fieldNameSizeLimit) {
+          // yep, we actually did hit the limit
+          this._checkingBytes = false;
+          this._keyTrunc = true;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (p < len)
+          this._key += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p));
+        p = len;
+      }
+    } else {
+      idxamp = undefined;
+      for (i = p; i < len; ++i) {
+        if (!this._checkingBytes)
+          ++p;
+        if (data[i] === 0x26/*&*/) {
+          idxamp = i;
+          break;
+        }
+        if (this._checkingBytes && this._bytesVal === this.fieldSizeLimit) {
+          this._hitLimit = true;
+          break;
+        }
+        else if (this._checkingBytes)
+          ++this._bytesVal;
+      }
+
+      if (idxamp !== undefined) {
+        ++this._fields;
+        if (idxamp > p)
+          this._val += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p, idxamp));
+        this.boy.emit('field', decodeText(this._key, 'binary', this.charset),
+                               decodeText(this._val, 'binary', this.charset),
+                               this._keyTrunc,
+                               this._valTrunc);
+        this._state = 'key';
+
+        this._hitLimit = false;
+        this._checkingBytes = true;
+        this._key = '';
+        this._bytesKey = 0;
+        this._keyTrunc = false;
+        this.decoder.reset();
+
+        p = idxamp + 1;
+        if (this._fields === this.fieldsLimit)
+          return cb();
+      } else if (this._hitLimit) {
+        // we may not have hit the actual limit if there are encoded bytes...
+        if (i > p)
+          this._val += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p, i));
+        p = i;
+        if ((this._val === '' && this.fieldSizeLimit === 0)
+            || (this._bytesVal = this._val.length) === this.fieldSizeLimit) {
+          // yep, we actually did hit the limit
+          this._checkingBytes = false;
+          this._valTrunc = true;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (p < len)
+          this._val += this.decoder.write(data.toString('binary', p));
+        p = len;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  cb();
+};
+
+UrlEncoded.prototype.end = function() {
+  if (this.boy._done)
+    return;
+
+  if (this._state === 'key' && this._key.length > 0) {
+    this.boy.emit('field', decodeText(this._key, 'binary', this.charset),
+                           '',
+                           this._keyTrunc,
+                           false);
+  } else if (this._state === 'val') {
+    this.boy.emit('field', decodeText(this._key, 'binary', this.charset),
+                           decodeText(this._val, 'binary', this.charset),
+                           this._keyTrunc,
+                           this._valTrunc);
+  }
+  this.boy._done = true;
+  this.boy.emit('finish');
+};
+
+module.exports = UrlEncoded;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed3129e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+var jsencoding = require('../deps/encoding/encoding');
+
+var RE_ENCODED = /%([a-fA-F0-9]{2})/g;
+function encodedReplacer(match, byte) {
+  return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(byte, 16));
+}
+function parseParams(str) {
+  var res = [],
+      state = 'key',
+      charset = '',
+      inquote = false,
+      escaping = false,
+      p = 0,
+      tmp = '';
+
+  for (var i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (str[i] === '\\' && inquote) {
+      if (escaping)
+        escaping = false;
+      else {
+        escaping = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+    } else if (str[i] === '"') {
+      if (!escaping) {
+        if (inquote) {
+          inquote = false;
+          state = 'key';
+        } else
+          inquote = true;
+        continue;
+      } else
+        escaping = false;
+    } else {
+      if (escaping && inquote)
+        tmp += '\\';
+      escaping = false;
+      if ((state === 'charset' || state === 'lang') && str[i] === "'") {
+        if (state === 'charset') {
+          state = 'lang';
+          charset = tmp.substring(1);
+        } else
+          state = 'value';
+        tmp = '';
+        continue;
+      } else if (state === 'key'
+                 && (str[i] === '*' || str[i] === '=')
+                 && res.length) {
+        if (str[i] === '*')
+          state = 'charset';
+        else
+          state = 'value';
+        res[p] = [tmp, undefined];
+        tmp = '';
+        continue;
+      } else if (!inquote && str[i] === ';') {
+        state = 'key';
+        if (charset) {
+          if (tmp.length) {
+            tmp = decodeText(tmp.replace(RE_ENCODED, encodedReplacer),
+                             'binary',
+                             charset);
+          }
+          charset = '';
+        }
+        if (res[p] === undefined)
+          res[p] = tmp;
+        else
+          res[p][1] = tmp;
+        tmp = '';
+        ++p;
+        continue;
+      } else if (!inquote && (str[i] === ' ' || str[i] === '\t'))
+        continue;
+    }
+    tmp += str[i];
+  }
+  if (charset && tmp.length) {
+    tmp = decodeText(tmp.replace(RE_ENCODED, encodedReplacer),
+                     'binary',
+                     charset);
+  }
+
+  if (res[p] === undefined) {
+    if (tmp)
+      res[p] = tmp;
+  } else
+    res[p][1] = tmp;
+
+  return res;
+};
+exports.parseParams = parseParams;
+
+
+function decodeText(text, textEncoding, destEncoding) {
+  var ret;
+  if (text && jsencoding.encodingExists(destEncoding)) {
+    try {
+      ret = jsencoding.TextDecoder(destEncoding)
+                      .decode(new Buffer(text, textEncoding));
+    } catch(e) {}
+  }
+  return (typeof ret === 'string' ? ret : text);
+}
+exports.decodeText = decodeText;
+
+
+var HEX = [
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+], RE_PLUS = /\+/g;
+function Decoder() {
+  this.buffer = undefined;
+}
+Decoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+  // Replace '+' with ' ' before decoding
+  str = str.replace(RE_PLUS, ' ');
+  var res = '';
+  var i = 0, p = 0, len = str.length;
+  for (; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (this.buffer !== undefined) {
+      if (!HEX[str.charCodeAt(i)]) {
+        res += '%' + this.buffer;
+        this.buffer = undefined;
+        --i; // retry character
+      } else {
+        this.buffer += str[i];
+        ++p;
+        if (this.buffer.length === 2) {
+          res += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(this.buffer, 16));
+          this.buffer = undefined;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (str[i] === '%') {
+      if (i > p) {
+        res += str.substring(p, i);
+        p = i;
+      }
+      this.buffer = '';
+      ++p;
+    }
+  }
+  if (p < len && this.buffer === undefined)
+    res += str.substring(p);
+  return res;
+};
+Decoder.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this.buffer = undefined;
+};
+exports.Decoder = Decoder;
+
+
+var RE_SPLIT_POSIX =
+      /^(\/?|)([\s\S]*?)((?:\.{1,2}|[^\/]+?|)(\.[^.\/]*|))(?:[\/]*)$/,
+    RE_SPLIT_DEVICE =
+      /^([a-zA-Z]:|[\\\/]{2}[^\\\/]+[\\\/]+[^\\\/]+)?([\\\/])?([\s\S]*?)$/,
+    RE_SPLIT_WINDOWS =
+      /^([\s\S]*?)((?:\.{1,2}|[^\\\/]+?|)(\.[^.\/\\]*|))(?:[\\\/]*)$/;
+function splitPathPosix(filename) {
+  return RE_SPLIT_POSIX.exec(filename).slice(1);
+}
+function splitPathWindows(filename) {
+  // Separate device+slash from tail
+  var result = RE_SPLIT_DEVICE.exec(filename),
+      device = (result[1] || '') + (result[2] || ''),
+      tail = result[3] || '';
+  // Split the tail into dir, basename and extension
+  var result2 = RE_SPLIT_WINDOWS.exec(tail),
+      dir = result2[1],
+      basename = result2[2],
+      ext = result2[3];
+  return [device, dir, basename, ext];
+}
+function basename(path) {
+  var f = splitPathPosix(path)[2];
+  if (f === path)
+    f = splitPathWindows(path)[2];
+  return f;
+}
+exports.basename = basename;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/README.md b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..052a62b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+# isarray
+
+`Array#isArray` for older browsers.
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var isArray = require('isarray');
+
+console.log(isArray([])); // => true
+console.log(isArray({})); // => false
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+With [npm](http://npmjs.org) do
+
+```bash
+$ npm install isarray
+```
+
+Then bundle for the browser with
+[browserify](https://github.com/substack/browserify).
+
+With [component](http://component.io) do
+
+```bash
+$ component install juliangruber/isarray
+```
+
+## License
+
+(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber &lt;julian@juliangruber.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/build/build.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/build/build.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec58596ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/build/build.js
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+
+/**
+ * Require the given path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Object} exports
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function require(path, parent, orig) {
+  var resolved = require.resolve(path);
+
+  // lookup failed
+  if (null == resolved) {
+    orig = orig || path;
+    parent = parent || 'root';
+    var err = new Error('Failed to require "' + orig + '" from "' + parent + '"');
+    err.path = orig;
+    err.parent = parent;
+    err.require = true;
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  var module = require.modules[resolved];
+
+  // perform real require()
+  // by invoking the module's
+  // registered function
+  if (!module.exports) {
+    module.exports = {};
+    module.client = module.component = true;
+    module.call(this, module.exports, require.relative(resolved), module);
+  }
+
+  return module.exports;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Registered modules.
+ */
+
+require.modules = {};
+
+/**
+ * Registered aliases.
+ */
+
+require.aliases = {};
+
+/**
+ * Resolve `path`.
+ *
+ * Lookup:
+ *
+ *   - PATH/index.js
+ *   - PATH.js
+ *   - PATH
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String} path or null
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.resolve = function(path) {
+  if (path.charAt(0) === '/') path = path.slice(1);
+  var index = path + '/index.js';
+
+  var paths = [
+    path,
+    path + '.js',
+    path + '.json',
+    path + '/index.js',
+    path + '/index.json'
+  ];
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
+    var path = paths[i];
+    if (require.modules.hasOwnProperty(path)) return path;
+  }
+
+  if (require.aliases.hasOwnProperty(index)) {
+    return require.aliases[index];
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Normalize `path` relative to the current path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} curr
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.normalize = function(curr, path) {
+  var segs = [];
+
+  if ('.' != path.charAt(0)) return path;
+
+  curr = curr.split('/');
+  path = path.split('/');
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < path.length; ++i) {
+    if ('..' == path[i]) {
+      curr.pop();
+    } else if ('.' != path[i] && '' != path[i]) {
+      segs.push(path[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return curr.concat(segs).join('/');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Register module at `path` with callback `definition`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Function} definition
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.register = function(path, definition) {
+  require.modules[path] = definition;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias a module definition.
+ *
+ * @param {String} from
+ * @param {String} to
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.alias = function(from, to) {
+  if (!require.modules.hasOwnProperty(from)) {
+    throw new Error('Failed to alias "' + from + '", it does not exist');
+  }
+  require.aliases[to] = from;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return a require function relative to the `parent` path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} parent
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.relative = function(parent) {
+  var p = require.normalize(parent, '..');
+
+  /**
+   * lastIndexOf helper.
+   */
+
+  function lastIndexOf(arr, obj) {
+    var i = arr.length;
+    while (i--) {
+      if (arr[i] === obj) return i;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The relative require() itself.
+   */
+
+  function localRequire(path) {
+    var resolved = localRequire.resolve(path);
+    return require(resolved, parent, path);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve relative to the parent.
+   */
+
+  localRequire.resolve = function(path) {
+    var c = path.charAt(0);
+    if ('/' == c) return path.slice(1);
+    if ('.' == c) return require.normalize(p, path);
+
+    // resolve deps by returning
+    // the dep in the nearest "deps"
+    // directory
+    var segs = parent.split('/');
+    var i = lastIndexOf(segs, 'deps') + 1;
+    if (!i) i = 0;
+    path = segs.slice(0, i + 1).join('/') + '/deps/' + path;
+    return path;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Check if module is defined at `path`.
+   */
+
+  localRequire.exists = function(path) {
+    return require.modules.hasOwnProperty(localRequire.resolve(path));
+  };
+
+  return localRequire;
+};
+require.register("isarray/index.js", function(exports, require, module){
+module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+};
+
+});
+require.alias("isarray/index.js", "isarray/index.js");
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/component.json b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/component.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e31b6838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/component.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "name" : "isarray",
+  "description" : "Array#isArray for older browsers",
+  "version" : "0.0.1",
+  "repository" : "juliangruber/isarray",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray",
+  "main" : "index.js",
+  "scripts" : [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "dependencies" : {},
+  "keywords": ["browser","isarray","array"],
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/index.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f5ad45d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/package.json b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a248602f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/isarray/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+  "_from": "isarray@0.0.1",
+  "_id": "isarray@0.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-ihis/Kmo9Bd+Cav8YDiTmwXR7t8=",
+  "_location": "/busboy/isarray",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "isarray@0.0.1",
+    "name": "isarray",
+    "escapedName": "isarray",
+    "rawSpec": "0.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/busboy/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isarray/-/isarray-0.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "8a18acfca9a8f4177e09abfc6038939b05d1eedf",
+  "_spec": "isarray@0.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\busboy\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Array#isArray for older browsers",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "*"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray",
+  "keywords": [
+    "browser",
+    "isarray",
+    "array"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "isarray",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/juliangruber/isarray.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38344f87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+build/
+test/
+examples/
+fs.js
+zlib.js
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3d4e695a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e46b82390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# readable-stream
+
+***Node-core streams for userland***
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream/)
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/readable-stream.png&months=6&height=3)](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream/)
+
+This package is a mirror of the Streams2 and Streams3 implementations in Node-core.
+
+If you want to guarantee a stable streams base, regardless of what version of Node you, or the users of your libraries are using, use **readable-stream** *only* and avoid the *"stream"* module in Node-core.
+
+**readable-stream** comes in two major versions, v1.0.x and v1.1.x. The former tracks the Streams2 implementation in Node 0.10, including bug-fixes and minor improvements as they are added. The latter tracks Streams3 as it develops in Node 0.11; we will likely see a v1.2.x branch for Node 0.12.
+
+**readable-stream** uses proper patch-level versioning so if you pin to `"~1.0.0"` you’ll get the latest Node 0.10 Streams2 implementation, including any fixes and minor non-breaking improvements. The patch-level versions of 1.0.x and 1.1.x should mirror the patch-level versions of Node-core releases. You should prefer the **1.0.x** releases for now and when you’re ready to start using Streams3, pin to `"~1.1.0"`
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca807af87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_duplex.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/float.patch b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/float.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b984607a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/float.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_duplex.js b/lib/_stream_duplex.js
+index c5a741c..a2e0d8e 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_duplex.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_duplex.js
+@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
+ 
+ module.exports = Duplex;
+ var util = require('util');
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('./_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('./_stream_writable');
+ 
+ util.inherits(Duplex, Readable);
+ 
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_passthrough.js b/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
+index a5e9864..330c247 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
+@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
+ 
+ module.exports = PassThrough;
+ 
+-var Transform = require('_stream_transform');
++var Transform = require('./_stream_transform');
+ var util = require('util');
+ util.inherits(PassThrough, Transform);
+ 
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_readable.js b/lib/_stream_readable.js
+index 0c3fe3e..90a8298 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_readable.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_readable.js
+@@ -23,10 +23,34 @@ module.exports = Readable;
+ Readable.ReadableState = ReadableState;
+ 
+ var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
++if (!EE.listenerCount) EE.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
++  return emitter.listeners(type).length;
++};
++
++if (!global.setImmediate) global.setImmediate = function setImmediate(fn) {
++  return setTimeout(fn, 0);
++};
++if (!global.clearImmediate) global.clearImmediate = function clearImmediate(i) {
++  return clearTimeout(i);
++};
++
+ var Stream = require('stream');
+ var util = require('util');
++if (!util.isUndefined) {
++  var utilIs = require('core-util-is');
++  for (var f in utilIs) {
++    util[f] = utilIs[f];
++  }
++}
+ var StringDecoder;
+-var debug = util.debuglog('stream');
++var debug;
++if (util.debuglog)
++  debug = util.debuglog('stream');
++else try {
++  debug = require('debuglog')('stream');
++} catch (er) {
++  debug = function() {};
++}
+ 
+ util.inherits(Readable, Stream);
+ 
+@@ -380,7 +404,7 @@ function chunkInvalid(state, chunk) {
+ 
+ 
+ function onEofChunk(stream, state) {
+-  if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
++  if (state.decoder && !state.ended && state.decoder.end) {
+     var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+     if (chunk && chunk.length) {
+       state.buffer.push(chunk);
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_transform.js b/lib/_stream_transform.js
+index b1f9fcc..b0caf57 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_transform.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_transform.js
+@@ -64,8 +64,14 @@
+ 
+ module.exports = Transform;
+ 
+-var Duplex = require('_stream_duplex');
++var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+ var util = require('util');
++if (!util.isUndefined) {
++  var utilIs = require('core-util-is');
++  for (var f in utilIs) {
++    util[f] = utilIs[f];
++  }
++}
+ util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);
+ 
+ 
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_writable.js b/lib/_stream_writable.js
+index ba2e920..f49288b 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_writable.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_writable.js
+@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ module.exports = Writable;
+ Writable.WritableState = WritableState;
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
++if (!util.isUndefined) {
++  var utilIs = require('core-util-is');
++  for (var f in utilIs) {
++    util[f] = utilIs[f];
++  }
++}
+ var Stream = require('stream');
+ 
+ util.inherits(Writable, Stream);
+@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@ function WritableState(options, stream) {
+ function Writable(options) {
+   // Writable ctor is applied to Duplexes, though they're not
+   // instanceof Writable, they're instanceof Readable.
+-  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof Stream.Duplex))
++  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof require('./_stream_duplex')))
+     return new Writable(options);
+ 
+   this._writableState = new WritableState(options, this);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js b/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js
+index e3787e4..8cd2127 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var str = 'asdfasdfasdfasdfasdf';
+ 
+ var r = new stream.Readable({
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js b/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js
+index bb73777..d40efc7 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js
+@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ var gotEnd = false;
+ 
+ // Make sure we don't miss the end event for paused 0-length streams
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var stream = new Readable();
+ var calledRead = false;
+ stream._read = function() {
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js
+index b46ee90..0be8366 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js
+@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('../../lib/_stream_writable');
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+ util.inherits(TestReadable, Readable);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-cleanup.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-cleanup.js
+deleted file mode 100644
+index f689358..0000000
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-cleanup.js
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
+-// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+-//
+-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+-// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+-// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+-// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+-// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+-// following conditions:
+-//
+-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+-// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+-//
+-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+-// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+-// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+-// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+-// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+-// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+-
+-// This test asserts that Stream.prototype.pipe does not leave listeners
+-// hanging on the source or dest.
+-
+-var common = require('../common');
+-var stream = require('stream');
+-var assert = require('assert');
+-var util = require('util');
+-
+-function Writable() {
+-  this.writable = true;
+-  this.endCalls = 0;
+-  stream.Stream.call(this);
+-}
+-util.inherits(Writable, stream.Stream);
+-Writable.prototype.end = function() {
+-  this.endCalls++;
+-};
+-
+-Writable.prototype.destroy = function() {
+-  this.endCalls++;
+-};
+-
+-function Readable() {
+-  this.readable = true;
+-  stream.Stream.call(this);
+-}
+-util.inherits(Readable, stream.Stream);
+-
+-function Duplex() {
+-  this.readable = true;
+-  Writable.call(this);
+-}
+-util.inherits(Duplex, Writable);
+-
+-var i = 0;
+-var limit = 100;
+-
+-var w = new Writable();
+-
+-var r;
+-
+-for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+-  r = new Readable();
+-  r.pipe(w);
+-  r.emit('end');
+-}
+-assert.equal(0, r.listeners('end').length);
+-assert.equal(limit, w.endCalls);
+-
+-w.endCalls = 0;
+-
+-for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+-  r = new Readable();
+-  r.pipe(w);
+-  r.emit('close');
+-}
+-assert.equal(0, r.listeners('close').length);
+-assert.equal(limit, w.endCalls);
+-
+-w.endCalls = 0;
+-
+-r = new Readable();
+-
+-for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+-  w = new Writable();
+-  r.pipe(w);
+-  w.emit('close');
+-}
+-assert.equal(0, w.listeners('close').length);
+-
+-r = new Readable();
+-w = new Writable();
+-var d = new Duplex();
+-r.pipe(d); // pipeline A
+-d.pipe(w); // pipeline B
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('end').length, 2);   // A.onend, A.cleanup
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('close').length, 2); // A.onclose, A.cleanup
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('end').length, 2);   // B.onend, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('close').length, 3); // A.cleanup, B.onclose, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('close').length, 1); // B.cleanup
+-
+-r.emit('end');
+-assert.equal(d.endCalls, 1);
+-assert.equal(w.endCalls, 0);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('close').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('end').length, 2);   // B.onend, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('close').length, 2); // B.onclose, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('close').length, 1); // B.cleanup
+-
+-d.emit('end');
+-assert.equal(d.endCalls, 1);
+-assert.equal(w.endCalls, 1);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('close').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('close').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('close').length, 0);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js
+index c5d724b..c7d6b7d 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var Stream = require('stream').Stream;
++var Stream = require('../../').Stream;
+ 
+ (function testErrorListenerCatches() {
+   var source = new Stream();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js
+index cb9d5fe..56f8d61 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js b/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js
+index f2e6ec2..a5c9bf9 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var s = new Readable({
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js b/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js
+index 06f43dc..1701a9a 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+ util.inherits(MyStream, Readable);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js
+index ba6a577..a8e6f7b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ (function first() {
+   // First test, not reading when the readable is added.
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js
+index 2891ad6..11689ba 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js
+@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ var assert = require('assert');
+ // more data continuously, but without triggering a nextTick
+ // warning or RangeError.
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ // throw an error if we trigger a nextTick warning.
+ process.throwDeprecation = true;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js
+index 0c96476..7827538 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js
+@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ // This test verifies that stream.unshift(Buffer(0)) or 
+ // stream.unshift('') does not set state.reading=false.
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ var r = new Readable();
+ var nChunks = 10;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js
+index 83fd9fa..17c18aa 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js
+@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ var assert = require('assert');
+ // 3. push() after the EOF signaling null is an error.
+ // 4. _read() is not called after pushing the EOF null chunk.
+ 
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var hwm = 10;
+ var r = stream.Readable({ highWaterMark: hwm });
+ var chunks = 10;
+@@ -51,7 +51,14 @@ r._read = function(n) {
+ 
+   function push(fast) {
+     assert(!pushedNull, 'push() after null push');
+-    var c = pos >= data.length ? null : data.slice(pos, pos + n);
++    var c;
++    if (pos >= data.length)
++      c = null;
++    else {
++      if (n + pos > data.length)
++        n = data.length - pos;
++      c = data.slice(pos, pos + n);
++    }
+     pushedNull = c === null;
+     if (fast) {
+       pos += n;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js b/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js
+index 5b49e6e..b5321f3 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ var queue = [];
+ for (var decode = 0; decode < 2; decode++) {
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js
+index 3814bf0..248c1be 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
++var R = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js
+index 6cdd4e9..f0fa84b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
++var R = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js
+index 39b274f..006a19b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+ 
+ var r = new stream.Readable();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-fs.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-fs.js
+deleted file mode 100644
+index e162406..0000000
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-fs.js
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
+-// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+-//
+-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+-// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+-// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+-// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+-// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+-// following conditions:
+-//
+-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+-// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+-//
+-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+-// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+-// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+-// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+-// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+-// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+-
+-
+-var common = require('../common.js');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
+-var assert = require('assert');
+-
+-var fs = require('fs');
+-var FSReadable = fs.ReadStream;
+-
+-var path = require('path');
+-var file = path.resolve(common.fixturesDir, 'x1024.txt');
+-
+-var size = fs.statSync(file).size;
+-
+-var expectLengths = [1024];
+-
+-var util = require('util');
+-var Stream = require('stream');
+-
+-util.inherits(TestWriter, Stream);
+-
+-function TestWriter() {
+-  Stream.apply(this);
+-  this.buffer = [];
+-  this.length = 0;
+-}
+-
+-TestWriter.prototype.write = function(c) {
+-  this.buffer.push(c.toString());
+-  this.length += c.length;
+-  return true;
+-};
+-
+-TestWriter.prototype.end = function(c) {
+-  if (c) this.buffer.push(c.toString());
+-  this.emit('results', this.buffer);
+-}
+-
+-var r = new FSReadable(file);
+-var w = new TestWriter();
+-
+-w.on('results', function(res) {
+-  console.error(res, w.length);
+-  assert.equal(w.length, size);
+-  var l = 0;
+-  assert.deepEqual(res.map(function (c) {
+-    return c.length;
+-  }), expectLengths);
+-  console.log('ok');
+-});
+-
+-r.pipe(w);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-httpclient-response-end.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-httpclient-response-end.js
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 15cffc2..0000000
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-httpclient-response-end.js
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
+-// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+-//
+-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+-// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+-// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+-// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+-// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+-// following conditions:
+-//
+-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+-// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+-//
+-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+-// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+-// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+-// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+-// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+-// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+-
+-var common = require('../common.js');
+-var assert = require('assert');
+-var http = require('http');
+-var msg = 'Hello';
+-var readable_event = false;
+-var end_event = false;
+-var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+-  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
+-  res.end(msg);
+-}).listen(common.PORT, function() {
+-  http.get({port: common.PORT}, function(res) {
+-    var data = '';
+-    res.on('readable', function() {
+-      console.log('readable event');
+-      readable_event = true;
+-      data += res.read();
+-    });
+-    res.on('end', function() {
+-      console.log('end event');
+-      end_event = true;
+-      assert.strictEqual(msg, data);
+-      server.close();
+-    });
+-  });
+-});
+-
+-process.on('exit', function() {
+-  assert(readable_event);
+-  assert(end_event);
+-});
+-
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js
+index 2fbfbca..667985b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js
+@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var PUSHSIZE = 20;
+ var PUSHCOUNT = 1000;
+ var HWM = 50;
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var r = new Readable({
+   highWaterMark: HWM
+ });
+@@ -39,23 +39,23 @@ var rs = r._readableState;
+ r._read = push;
+ 
+ r.on('readable', function() {
+-  console.error('>> readable');
++  //console.error('>> readable');
+   do {
+-    console.error('  > read(%d)', READSIZE);
++    //console.error('  > read(%d)', READSIZE);
+     var ret = r.read(READSIZE);
+-    console.error('  < %j (%d remain)', ret && ret.length, rs.length);
++    //console.error('  < %j (%d remain)', ret && ret.length, rs.length);
+   } while (ret && ret.length === READSIZE);
+ 
+-  console.error('<< after read()',
+-                ret && ret.length,
+-                rs.needReadable,
+-                rs.length);
++  //console.error('<< after read()',
++  //              ret && ret.length,
++  //              rs.needReadable,
++  //              rs.length);
+ });
+ 
+ var endEmitted = false;
+ r.on('end', function() {
+   endEmitted = true;
+-  console.error('end');
++  //console.error('end');
+ });
+ 
+ var pushes = 0;
+@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ function push() {
+     return;
+ 
+   if (pushes++ === PUSHCOUNT) {
+-    console.error('   push(EOF)');
++    //console.error('   push(EOF)');
+     return r.push(null);
+   }
+ 
+-  console.error('   push #%d', pushes);
++  //console.error('   push #%d', pushes);
+   if (r.push(new Buffer(PUSHSIZE)))
+     setTimeout(push);
+ }
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js
+index 3e6931d..ff47d89 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js
+@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
+ 
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('../../lib/_stream_writable');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js
+index cf7531c..e3f3e4e 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ (function testErrorListenerCatches() {
+   var count = 1000;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js
+index 5e8e3cb..53b2616 100755
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js
+@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ 
+ var Read = function() {
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js
+index b63edc3..eb2b0e9 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var Readable = stream.Readable;
+ var Writable = stream.Writable;
+ var assert = require('assert');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js
+index e8a7305..9740a47 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var r = new Readable();
+ var N = 256 * 1024;
+ 
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js
+index cd30178..4b1659d 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js
+@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ test1();
+-test2();
+ 
+ function test1() {
+   var r = new Readable();
+@@ -88,31 +87,3 @@ function test1() {
+     console.log('ok');
+   });
+ }
+-
+-function test2() {
+-  var r = new Readable({ encoding: 'base64' });
+-  var reads = 5;
+-  r._read = function(n) {
+-    if (!reads--)
+-      return r.push(null); // EOF
+-    else
+-      return r.push(new Buffer('x'));
+-  };
+-
+-  var results = [];
+-  function flow() {
+-    var chunk;
+-    while (null !== (chunk = r.read()))
+-      results.push(chunk + '');
+-  }
+-  r.on('readable', flow);
+-  r.on('end', function() {
+-    results.push('EOF');
+-  });
+-  flow();
+-
+-  process.on('exit', function() {
+-    assert.deepEqual(results, [ 'eHh4', 'eHg=', 'EOF' ]);
+-    console.log('ok');
+-  });
+-}
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
+index 7c96ffe..04a96f5 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var fromList = require('_stream_readable')._fromList;
++var fromList = require('../../lib/_stream_readable')._fromList;
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+ var tests = [];
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js
+index 675da8e..51fd3d5 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Stream = require('stream');
++var Stream = require('../../');
+ var Readable = Stream.Readable;
+ 
+ var r = new Readable();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js
+index 7314ae7..c971898 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ 
+ var len = 0;
+ var chunks = new Array(10);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js
+index 2e5cf25..fd8a3dc 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+ 
+ var oldStream = new EE();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js
+index 90eea01..6b177f7 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js
+@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('../../lib/_stream_writable');
+ var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+ 
+ var testRuns = 0, completedRuns = 0;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js
+index 5d2c32a..685531b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
++var R = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js
+index 9c9ddd8..a0cacc6 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js
+@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
+ 
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var PassThrough = require('_stream_passthrough');
+-var Transform = require('_stream_transform');
++var PassThrough = require('../../').PassThrough;
++var Transform = require('../../').Transform;
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+ var tests = [];
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js
+index d66dc3c..365b327 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var crypto = require('crypto');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js
+index 99f8746..17c92ae 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ var chunk = new Buffer('hallo');
+ 
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js
+index 704100c..209c3a6 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js
+@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var W = require('_stream_writable');
+-var D = require('_stream_duplex');
++var W = require('../../').Writable;
++var D = require('../../').Duplex;
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js b/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js
+index b91bde3..2f72c15 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var Readable = stream.Readable;
+ var Writable = stream.Writable;
+ 
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b513d61a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a duplex stream is just a stream that is both readable and writable.
+// Since JS doesn't have multiple prototypal inheritance, this class
+// prototypally inherits from Readable, and then parasitically from
+// Writable.
+
+module.exports = Duplex;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var objectKeys = Object.keys || function (obj) {
+  var keys = [];
+  for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
+  return keys;
+}
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Readable = require('./_stream_readable');
+var Writable = require('./_stream_writable');
+
+util.inherits(Duplex, Readable);
+
+forEach(objectKeys(Writable.prototype), function(method) {
+  if (!Duplex.prototype[method])
+    Duplex.prototype[method] = Writable.prototype[method];
+});
+
+function Duplex(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Duplex))
+    return new Duplex(options);
+
+  Readable.call(this, options);
+  Writable.call(this, options);
+
+  if (options && options.readable === false)
+    this.readable = false;
+
+  if (options && options.writable === false)
+    this.writable = false;
+
+  this.allowHalfOpen = true;
+  if (options && options.allowHalfOpen === false)
+    this.allowHalfOpen = false;
+
+  this.once('end', onend);
+}
+
+// the no-half-open enforcer
+function onend() {
+  // if we allow half-open state, or if the writable side ended,
+  // then we're ok.
+  if (this.allowHalfOpen || this._writableState.ended)
+    return;
+
+  // no more data can be written.
+  // But allow more writes to happen in this tick.
+  process.nextTick(this.end.bind(this));
+}
+
+function forEach (xs, f) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    f(xs[i], i);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..895ca50a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a passthrough stream.
+// basically just the most minimal sort of Transform stream.
+// Every written chunk gets output as-is.
+
+module.exports = PassThrough;
+
+var Transform = require('./_stream_transform');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+util.inherits(PassThrough, Transform);
+
+function PassThrough(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof PassThrough))
+    return new PassThrough(options);
+
+  Transform.call(this, options);
+}
+
+PassThrough.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  cb(null, chunk);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19ab35889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,951 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+module.exports = Readable;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var isArray = require('isarray');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+Readable.ReadableState = ReadableState;
+
+var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+if (!EE.listenerCount) EE.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
+  return emitter.listeners(type).length;
+};
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Stream = require('stream');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var StringDecoder;
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var debug = require('util');
+if (debug && debug.debuglog) {
+  debug = debug.debuglog('stream');
+} else {
+  debug = function () {};
+}
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+
+util.inherits(Readable, Stream);
+
+function ReadableState(options, stream) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // the point at which it stops calling _read() to fill the buffer
+  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means "don't call _read preemptively ever"
+  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
+  var defaultHwm = options.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
+  this.highWaterMark = (hwm || hwm === 0) ? hwm : defaultHwm;
+
+  // cast to ints.
+  this.highWaterMark = ~~this.highWaterMark;
+
+  this.buffer = [];
+  this.length = 0;
+  this.pipes = null;
+  this.pipesCount = 0;
+  this.flowing = null;
+  this.ended = false;
+  this.endEmitted = false;
+  this.reading = false;
+
+  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
+  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
+  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
+  // not happen before the first write call.
+  this.sync = true;
+
+  // whenever we return null, then we set a flag to say
+  // that we're awaiting a 'readable' event emission.
+  this.needReadable = false;
+  this.emittedReadable = false;
+  this.readableListening = false;
+
+
+  // object stream flag. Used to make read(n) ignore n and to
+  // make all the buffer merging and length checks go away
+  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;
+
+  if (stream instanceof Duplex)
+    this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.readableObjectMode;
+
+  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
+  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
+  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
+  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';
+
+  // when piping, we only care about 'readable' events that happen
+  // after read()ing all the bytes and not getting any pushback.
+  this.ranOut = false;
+
+  // the number of writers that are awaiting a drain event in .pipe()s
+  this.awaitDrain = 0;
+
+  // if true, a maybeReadMore has been scheduled
+  this.readingMore = false;
+
+  this.decoder = null;
+  this.encoding = null;
+  if (options.encoding) {
+    if (!StringDecoder)
+      StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
+    this.decoder = new StringDecoder(options.encoding);
+    this.encoding = options.encoding;
+  }
+}
+
+function Readable(options) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Readable))
+    return new Readable(options);
+
+  this._readableState = new ReadableState(options, this);
+
+  // legacy
+  this.readable = true;
+
+  Stream.call(this);
+}
+
+// Manually shove something into the read() buffer.
+// This returns true if the highWaterMark has not been hit yet,
+// similar to how Writable.write() returns true if you should
+// write() some more.
+Readable.prototype.push = function(chunk, encoding) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  if (util.isString(chunk) && !state.objectMode) {
+    encoding = encoding || state.defaultEncoding;
+    if (encoding !== state.encoding) {
+      chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
+      encoding = '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  return readableAddChunk(this, state, chunk, encoding, false);
+};
+
+// Unshift should *always* be something directly out of read()
+Readable.prototype.unshift = function(chunk) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  return readableAddChunk(this, state, chunk, '', true);
+};
+
+function readableAddChunk(stream, state, chunk, encoding, addToFront) {
+  var er = chunkInvalid(state, chunk);
+  if (er) {
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+  } else if (util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk)) {
+    state.reading = false;
+    if (!state.ended)
+      onEofChunk(stream, state);
+  } else if (state.objectMode || chunk && chunk.length > 0) {
+    if (state.ended && !addToFront) {
+      var e = new Error('stream.push() after EOF');
+      stream.emit('error', e);
+    } else if (state.endEmitted && addToFront) {
+      var e = new Error('stream.unshift() after end event');
+      stream.emit('error', e);
+    } else {
+      if (state.decoder && !addToFront && !encoding)
+        chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
+
+      if (!addToFront)
+        state.reading = false;
+
+      // if we want the data now, just emit it.
+      if (state.flowing && state.length === 0 && !state.sync) {
+        stream.emit('data', chunk);
+        stream.read(0);
+      } else {
+        // update the buffer info.
+        state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+        if (addToFront)
+          state.buffer.unshift(chunk);
+        else
+          state.buffer.push(chunk);
+
+        if (state.needReadable)
+          emitReadable(stream);
+      }
+
+      maybeReadMore(stream, state);
+    }
+  } else if (!addToFront) {
+    state.reading = false;
+  }
+
+  return needMoreData(state);
+}
+
+
+
+// if it's past the high water mark, we can push in some more.
+// Also, if we have no data yet, we can stand some
+// more bytes.  This is to work around cases where hwm=0,
+// such as the repl.  Also, if the push() triggered a
+// readable event, and the user called read(largeNumber) such that
+// needReadable was set, then we ought to push more, so that another
+// 'readable' event will be triggered.
+function needMoreData(state) {
+  return !state.ended &&
+         (state.needReadable ||
+          state.length < state.highWaterMark ||
+          state.length === 0);
+}
+
+// backwards compatibility.
+Readable.prototype.setEncoding = function(enc) {
+  if (!StringDecoder)
+    StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
+  this._readableState.decoder = new StringDecoder(enc);
+  this._readableState.encoding = enc;
+  return this;
+};
+
+// Don't raise the hwm > 128MB
+var MAX_HWM = 0x800000;
+function roundUpToNextPowerOf2(n) {
+  if (n >= MAX_HWM) {
+    n = MAX_HWM;
+  } else {
+    // Get the next highest power of 2
+    n--;
+    for (var p = 1; p < 32; p <<= 1) n |= n >> p;
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+function howMuchToRead(n, state) {
+  if (state.length === 0 && state.ended)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (state.objectMode)
+    return n === 0 ? 0 : 1;
+
+  if (isNaN(n) || util.isNull(n)) {
+    // only flow one buffer at a time
+    if (state.flowing && state.buffer.length)
+      return state.buffer[0].length;
+    else
+      return state.length;
+  }
+
+  if (n <= 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  // If we're asking for more than the target buffer level,
+  // then raise the water mark.  Bump up to the next highest
+  // power of 2, to prevent increasing it excessively in tiny
+  // amounts.
+  if (n > state.highWaterMark)
+    state.highWaterMark = roundUpToNextPowerOf2(n);
+
+  // don't have that much.  return null, unless we've ended.
+  if (n > state.length) {
+    if (!state.ended) {
+      state.needReadable = true;
+      return 0;
+    } else
+      return state.length;
+  }
+
+  return n;
+}
+
+// you can override either this method, or the async _read(n) below.
+Readable.prototype.read = function(n) {
+  debug('read', n);
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var nOrig = n;
+
+  if (!util.isNumber(n) || n > 0)
+    state.emittedReadable = false;
+
+  // if we're doing read(0) to trigger a readable event, but we
+  // already have a bunch of data in the buffer, then just trigger
+  // the 'readable' event and move on.
+  if (n === 0 &&
+      state.needReadable &&
+      (state.length >= state.highWaterMark || state.ended)) {
+    debug('read: emitReadable', state.length, state.ended);
+    if (state.length === 0 && state.ended)
+      endReadable(this);
+    else
+      emitReadable(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  n = howMuchToRead(n, state);
+
+  // if we've ended, and we're now clear, then finish it up.
+  if (n === 0 && state.ended) {
+    if (state.length === 0)
+      endReadable(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // All the actual chunk generation logic needs to be
+  // *below* the call to _read.  The reason is that in certain
+  // synthetic stream cases, such as passthrough streams, _read
+  // may be a completely synchronous operation which may change
+  // the state of the read buffer, providing enough data when
+  // before there was *not* enough.
+  //
+  // So, the steps are:
+  // 1. Figure out what the state of things will be after we do
+  // a read from the buffer.
+  //
+  // 2. If that resulting state will trigger a _read, then call _read.
+  // Note that this may be asynchronous, or synchronous.  Yes, it is
+  // deeply ugly to write APIs this way, but that still doesn't mean
+  // that the Readable class should behave improperly, as streams are
+  // designed to be sync/async agnostic.
+  // Take note if the _read call is sync or async (ie, if the read call
+  // has returned yet), so that we know whether or not it's safe to emit
+  // 'readable' etc.
+  //
+  // 3. Actually pull the requested chunks out of the buffer and return.
+
+  // if we need a readable event, then we need to do some reading.
+  var doRead = state.needReadable;
+  debug('need readable', doRead);
+
+  // if we currently have less than the highWaterMark, then also read some
+  if (state.length === 0 || state.length - n < state.highWaterMark) {
+    doRead = true;
+    debug('length less than watermark', doRead);
+  }
+
+  // however, if we've ended, then there's no point, and if we're already
+  // reading, then it's unnecessary.
+  if (state.ended || state.reading) {
+    doRead = false;
+    debug('reading or ended', doRead);
+  }
+
+  if (doRead) {
+    debug('do read');
+    state.reading = true;
+    state.sync = true;
+    // if the length is currently zero, then we *need* a readable event.
+    if (state.length === 0)
+      state.needReadable = true;
+    // call internal read method
+    this._read(state.highWaterMark);
+    state.sync = false;
+  }
+
+  // If _read pushed data synchronously, then `reading` will be false,
+  // and we need to re-evaluate how much data we can return to the user.
+  if (doRead && !state.reading)
+    n = howMuchToRead(nOrig, state);
+
+  var ret;
+  if (n > 0)
+    ret = fromList(n, state);
+  else
+    ret = null;
+
+  if (util.isNull(ret)) {
+    state.needReadable = true;
+    n = 0;
+  }
+
+  state.length -= n;
+
+  // If we have nothing in the buffer, then we want to know
+  // as soon as we *do* get something into the buffer.
+  if (state.length === 0 && !state.ended)
+    state.needReadable = true;
+
+  // If we tried to read() past the EOF, then emit end on the next tick.
+  if (nOrig !== n && state.ended && state.length === 0)
+    endReadable(this);
+
+  if (!util.isNull(ret))
+    this.emit('data', ret);
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+function chunkInvalid(state, chunk) {
+  var er = null;
+  if (!util.isBuffer(chunk) &&
+      !util.isString(chunk) &&
+      !util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk) &&
+      !state.objectMode) {
+    er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
+  }
+  return er;
+}
+
+
+function onEofChunk(stream, state) {
+  if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
+    var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+    if (chunk && chunk.length) {
+      state.buffer.push(chunk);
+      state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+    }
+  }
+  state.ended = true;
+
+  // emit 'readable' now to make sure it gets picked up.
+  emitReadable(stream);
+}
+
+// Don't emit readable right away in sync mode, because this can trigger
+// another read() call => stack overflow.  This way, it might trigger
+// a nextTick recursion warning, but that's not so bad.
+function emitReadable(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  state.needReadable = false;
+  if (!state.emittedReadable) {
+    debug('emitReadable', state.flowing);
+    state.emittedReadable = true;
+    if (state.sync)
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        emitReadable_(stream);
+      });
+    else
+      emitReadable_(stream);
+  }
+}
+
+function emitReadable_(stream) {
+  debug('emit readable');
+  stream.emit('readable');
+  flow(stream);
+}
+
+
+// at this point, the user has presumably seen the 'readable' event,
+// and called read() to consume some data.  that may have triggered
+// in turn another _read(n) call, in which case reading = true if
+// it's in progress.
+// However, if we're not ended, or reading, and the length < hwm,
+// then go ahead and try to read some more preemptively.
+function maybeReadMore(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.readingMore) {
+    state.readingMore = true;
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      maybeReadMore_(stream, state);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function maybeReadMore_(stream, state) {
+  var len = state.length;
+  while (!state.reading && !state.flowing && !state.ended &&
+         state.length < state.highWaterMark) {
+    debug('maybeReadMore read 0');
+    stream.read(0);
+    if (len === state.length)
+      // didn't get any data, stop spinning.
+      break;
+    else
+      len = state.length;
+  }
+  state.readingMore = false;
+}
+
+// abstract method.  to be overridden in specific implementation classes.
+// call cb(er, data) where data is <= n in length.
+// for virtual (non-string, non-buffer) streams, "length" is somewhat
+// arbitrary, and perhaps not very meaningful.
+Readable.prototype._read = function(n) {
+  this.emit('error', new Error('not implemented'));
+};
+
+Readable.prototype.pipe = function(dest, pipeOpts) {
+  var src = this;
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  switch (state.pipesCount) {
+    case 0:
+      state.pipes = dest;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      state.pipes = [state.pipes, dest];
+      break;
+    default:
+      state.pipes.push(dest);
+      break;
+  }
+  state.pipesCount += 1;
+  debug('pipe count=%d opts=%j', state.pipesCount, pipeOpts);
+
+  var doEnd = (!pipeOpts || pipeOpts.end !== false) &&
+              dest !== process.stdout &&
+              dest !== process.stderr;
+
+  var endFn = doEnd ? onend : cleanup;
+  if (state.endEmitted)
+    process.nextTick(endFn);
+  else
+    src.once('end', endFn);
+
+  dest.on('unpipe', onunpipe);
+  function onunpipe(readable) {
+    debug('onunpipe');
+    if (readable === src) {
+      cleanup();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function onend() {
+    debug('onend');
+    dest.end();
+  }
+
+  // when the dest drains, it reduces the awaitDrain counter
+  // on the source.  This would be more elegant with a .once()
+  // handler in flow(), but adding and removing repeatedly is
+  // too slow.
+  var ondrain = pipeOnDrain(src);
+  dest.on('drain', ondrain);
+
+  function cleanup() {
+    debug('cleanup');
+    // cleanup event handlers once the pipe is broken
+    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
+    dest.removeListener('drain', ondrain);
+    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    dest.removeListener('unpipe', onunpipe);
+    src.removeListener('end', onend);
+    src.removeListener('end', cleanup);
+    src.removeListener('data', ondata);
+
+    // if the reader is waiting for a drain event from this
+    // specific writer, then it would cause it to never start
+    // flowing again.
+    // So, if this is awaiting a drain, then we just call it now.
+    // If we don't know, then assume that we are waiting for one.
+    if (state.awaitDrain &&
+        (!dest._writableState || dest._writableState.needDrain))
+      ondrain();
+  }
+
+  src.on('data', ondata);
+  function ondata(chunk) {
+    debug('ondata');
+    var ret = dest.write(chunk);
+    if (false === ret) {
+      debug('false write response, pause',
+            src._readableState.awaitDrain);
+      src._readableState.awaitDrain++;
+      src.pause();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if the dest has an error, then stop piping into it.
+  // however, don't suppress the throwing behavior for this.
+  function onerror(er) {
+    debug('onerror', er);
+    unpipe();
+    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    if (EE.listenerCount(dest, 'error') === 0)
+      dest.emit('error', er);
+  }
+  // This is a brutally ugly hack to make sure that our error handler
+  // is attached before any userland ones.  NEVER DO THIS.
+  if (!dest._events || !dest._events.error)
+    dest.on('error', onerror);
+  else if (isArray(dest._events.error))
+    dest._events.error.unshift(onerror);
+  else
+    dest._events.error = [onerror, dest._events.error];
+
+
+
+  // Both close and finish should trigger unpipe, but only once.
+  function onclose() {
+    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
+    unpipe();
+  }
+  dest.once('close', onclose);
+  function onfinish() {
+    debug('onfinish');
+    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    unpipe();
+  }
+  dest.once('finish', onfinish);
+
+  function unpipe() {
+    debug('unpipe');
+    src.unpipe(dest);
+  }
+
+  // tell the dest that it's being piped to
+  dest.emit('pipe', src);
+
+  // start the flow if it hasn't been started already.
+  if (!state.flowing) {
+    debug('pipe resume');
+    src.resume();
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+};
+
+function pipeOnDrain(src) {
+  return function() {
+    var state = src._readableState;
+    debug('pipeOnDrain', state.awaitDrain);
+    if (state.awaitDrain)
+      state.awaitDrain--;
+    if (state.awaitDrain === 0 && EE.listenerCount(src, 'data')) {
+      state.flowing = true;
+      flow(src);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+
+Readable.prototype.unpipe = function(dest) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  // if we're not piping anywhere, then do nothing.
+  if (state.pipesCount === 0)
+    return this;
+
+  // just one destination.  most common case.
+  if (state.pipesCount === 1) {
+    // passed in one, but it's not the right one.
+    if (dest && dest !== state.pipes)
+      return this;
+
+    if (!dest)
+      dest = state.pipes;
+
+    // got a match.
+    state.pipes = null;
+    state.pipesCount = 0;
+    state.flowing = false;
+    if (dest)
+      dest.emit('unpipe', this);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // slow case. multiple pipe destinations.
+
+  if (!dest) {
+    // remove all.
+    var dests = state.pipes;
+    var len = state.pipesCount;
+    state.pipes = null;
+    state.pipesCount = 0;
+    state.flowing = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)
+      dests[i].emit('unpipe', this);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // try to find the right one.
+  var i = indexOf(state.pipes, dest);
+  if (i === -1)
+    return this;
+
+  state.pipes.splice(i, 1);
+  state.pipesCount -= 1;
+  if (state.pipesCount === 1)
+    state.pipes = state.pipes[0];
+
+  dest.emit('unpipe', this);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+// set up data events if they are asked for
+// Ensure readable listeners eventually get something
+Readable.prototype.on = function(ev, fn) {
+  var res = Stream.prototype.on.call(this, ev, fn);
+
+  // If listening to data, and it has not explicitly been paused,
+  // then call resume to start the flow of data on the next tick.
+  if (ev === 'data' && false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
+    this.resume();
+  }
+
+  if (ev === 'readable' && this.readable) {
+    var state = this._readableState;
+    if (!state.readableListening) {
+      state.readableListening = true;
+      state.emittedReadable = false;
+      state.needReadable = true;
+      if (!state.reading) {
+        var self = this;
+        process.nextTick(function() {
+          debug('readable nexttick read 0');
+          self.read(0);
+        });
+      } else if (state.length) {
+        emitReadable(this, state);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return res;
+};
+Readable.prototype.addListener = Readable.prototype.on;
+
+// pause() and resume() are remnants of the legacy readable stream API
+// If the user uses them, then switch into old mode.
+Readable.prototype.resume = function() {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  if (!state.flowing) {
+    debug('resume');
+    state.flowing = true;
+    if (!state.reading) {
+      debug('resume read 0');
+      this.read(0);
+    }
+    resume(this, state);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+function resume(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.resumeScheduled) {
+    state.resumeScheduled = true;
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      resume_(stream, state);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function resume_(stream, state) {
+  state.resumeScheduled = false;
+  stream.emit('resume');
+  flow(stream);
+  if (state.flowing && !state.reading)
+    stream.read(0);
+}
+
+Readable.prototype.pause = function() {
+  debug('call pause flowing=%j', this._readableState.flowing);
+  if (false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
+    debug('pause');
+    this._readableState.flowing = false;
+    this.emit('pause');
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+function flow(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  debug('flow', state.flowing);
+  if (state.flowing) {
+    do {
+      var chunk = stream.read();
+    } while (null !== chunk && state.flowing);
+  }
+}
+
+// wrap an old-style stream as the async data source.
+// This is *not* part of the readable stream interface.
+// It is an ugly unfortunate mess of history.
+Readable.prototype.wrap = function(stream) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var paused = false;
+
+  var self = this;
+  stream.on('end', function() {
+    debug('wrapped end');
+    if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
+      var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+      if (chunk && chunk.length)
+        self.push(chunk);
+    }
+
+    self.push(null);
+  });
+
+  stream.on('data', function(chunk) {
+    debug('wrapped data');
+    if (state.decoder)
+      chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
+    if (!chunk || !state.objectMode && !chunk.length)
+      return;
+
+    var ret = self.push(chunk);
+    if (!ret) {
+      paused = true;
+      stream.pause();
+    }
+  });
+
+  // proxy all the other methods.
+  // important when wrapping filters and duplexes.
+  for (var i in stream) {
+    if (util.isFunction(stream[i]) && util.isUndefined(this[i])) {
+      this[i] = function(method) { return function() {
+        return stream[method].apply(stream, arguments);
+      }}(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // proxy certain important events.
+  var events = ['error', 'close', 'destroy', 'pause', 'resume'];
+  forEach(events, function(ev) {
+    stream.on(ev, self.emit.bind(self, ev));
+  });
+
+  // when we try to consume some more bytes, simply unpause the
+  // underlying stream.
+  self._read = function(n) {
+    debug('wrapped _read', n);
+    if (paused) {
+      paused = false;
+      stream.resume();
+    }
+  };
+
+  return self;
+};
+
+
+
+// exposed for testing purposes only.
+Readable._fromList = fromList;
+
+// Pluck off n bytes from an array of buffers.
+// Length is the combined lengths of all the buffers in the list.
+function fromList(n, state) {
+  var list = state.buffer;
+  var length = state.length;
+  var stringMode = !!state.decoder;
+  var objectMode = !!state.objectMode;
+  var ret;
+
+  // nothing in the list, definitely empty.
+  if (list.length === 0)
+    return null;
+
+  if (length === 0)
+    ret = null;
+  else if (objectMode)
+    ret = list.shift();
+  else if (!n || n >= length) {
+    // read it all, truncate the array.
+    if (stringMode)
+      ret = list.join('');
+    else
+      ret = Buffer.concat(list, length);
+    list.length = 0;
+  } else {
+    // read just some of it.
+    if (n < list[0].length) {
+      // just take a part of the first list item.
+      // slice is the same for buffers and strings.
+      var buf = list[0];
+      ret = buf.slice(0, n);
+      list[0] = buf.slice(n);
+    } else if (n === list[0].length) {
+      // first list is a perfect match
+      ret = list.shift();
+    } else {
+      // complex case.
+      // we have enough to cover it, but it spans past the first buffer.
+      if (stringMode)
+        ret = '';
+      else
+        ret = new Buffer(n);
+
+      var c = 0;
+      for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l && c < n; i++) {
+        var buf = list[0];
+        var cpy = Math.min(n - c, buf.length);
+
+        if (stringMode)
+          ret += buf.slice(0, cpy);
+        else
+          buf.copy(ret, c, 0, cpy);
+
+        if (cpy < buf.length)
+          list[0] = buf.slice(cpy);
+        else
+          list.shift();
+
+        c += cpy;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function endReadable(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+
+  // If we get here before consuming all the bytes, then that is a
+  // bug in node.  Should never happen.
+  if (state.length > 0)
+    throw new Error('endReadable called on non-empty stream');
+
+  if (!state.endEmitted) {
+    state.ended = true;
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      // Check that we didn't get one last unshift.
+      if (!state.endEmitted && state.length === 0) {
+        state.endEmitted = true;
+        stream.readable = false;
+        stream.emit('end');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function forEach (xs, f) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    f(xs[i], i);
+  }
+}
+
+function indexOf (xs, x) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    if (xs[i] === x) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..905c5e450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+// a transform stream is a readable/writable stream where you do
+// something with the data.  Sometimes it's called a "filter",
+// but that's not a great name for it, since that implies a thing where
+// some bits pass through, and others are simply ignored.  (That would
+// be a valid example of a transform, of course.)
+//
+// While the output is causally related to the input, it's not a
+// necessarily symmetric or synchronous transformation.  For example,
+// a zlib stream might take multiple plain-text writes(), and then
+// emit a single compressed chunk some time in the future.
+//
+// Here's how this works:
+//
+// The Transform stream has all the aspects of the readable and writable
+// stream classes.  When you write(chunk), that calls _write(chunk,cb)
+// internally, and returns false if there's a lot of pending writes
+// buffered up.  When you call read(), that calls _read(n) until
+// there's enough pending readable data buffered up.
+//
+// In a transform stream, the written data is placed in a buffer.  When
+// _read(n) is called, it transforms the queued up data, calling the
+// buffered _write cb's as it consumes chunks.  If consuming a single
+// written chunk would result in multiple output chunks, then the first
+// outputted bit calls the readcb, and subsequent chunks just go into
+// the read buffer, and will cause it to emit 'readable' if necessary.
+//
+// This way, back-pressure is actually determined by the reading side,
+// since _read has to be called to start processing a new chunk.  However,
+// a pathological inflate type of transform can cause excessive buffering
+// here.  For example, imagine a stream where every byte of input is
+// interpreted as an integer from 0-255, and then results in that many
+// bytes of output.  Writing the 4 bytes {ff,ff,ff,ff} would result in
+// 1kb of data being output.  In this case, you could write a very small
+// amount of input, and end up with a very large amount of output.  In
+// such a pathological inflating mechanism, there'd be no way to tell
+// the system to stop doing the transform.  A single 4MB write could
+// cause the system to run out of memory.
+//
+// However, even in such a pathological case, only a single written chunk
+// would be consumed, and then the rest would wait (un-transformed) until
+// the results of the previous transformed chunk were consumed.
+
+module.exports = Transform;
+
+var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);
+
+
+function TransformState(options, stream) {
+  this.afterTransform = function(er, data) {
+    return afterTransform(stream, er, data);
+  };
+
+  this.needTransform = false;
+  this.transforming = false;
+  this.writecb = null;
+  this.writechunk = null;
+}
+
+function afterTransform(stream, er, data) {
+  var ts = stream._transformState;
+  ts.transforming = false;
+
+  var cb = ts.writecb;
+
+  if (!cb)
+    return stream.emit('error', new Error('no writecb in Transform class'));
+
+  ts.writechunk = null;
+  ts.writecb = null;
+
+  if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(data))
+    stream.push(data);
+
+  if (cb)
+    cb(er);
+
+  var rs = stream._readableState;
+  rs.reading = false;
+  if (rs.needReadable || rs.length < rs.highWaterMark) {
+    stream._read(rs.highWaterMark);
+  }
+}
+
+
+function Transform(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Transform))
+    return new Transform(options);
+
+  Duplex.call(this, options);
+
+  this._transformState = new TransformState(options, this);
+
+  // when the writable side finishes, then flush out anything remaining.
+  var stream = this;
+
+  // start out asking for a readable event once data is transformed.
+  this._readableState.needReadable = true;
+
+  // we have implemented the _read method, and done the other things
+  // that Readable wants before the first _read call, so unset the
+  // sync guard flag.
+  this._readableState.sync = false;
+
+  this.once('prefinish', function() {
+    if (util.isFunction(this._flush))
+      this._flush(function(er) {
+        done(stream, er);
+      });
+    else
+      done(stream);
+  });
+}
+
+Transform.prototype.push = function(chunk, encoding) {
+  this._transformState.needTransform = false;
+  return Duplex.prototype.push.call(this, chunk, encoding);
+};
+
+// This is the part where you do stuff!
+// override this function in implementation classes.
+// 'chunk' is an input chunk.
+//
+// Call `push(newChunk)` to pass along transformed output
+// to the readable side.  You may call 'push' zero or more times.
+//
+// Call `cb(err)` when you are done with this chunk.  If you pass
+// an error, then that'll put the hurt on the whole operation.  If you
+// never call cb(), then you'll never get another chunk.
+Transform.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  throw new Error('not implemented');
+};
+
+Transform.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+  ts.writecb = cb;
+  ts.writechunk = chunk;
+  ts.writeencoding = encoding;
+  if (!ts.transforming) {
+    var rs = this._readableState;
+    if (ts.needTransform ||
+        rs.needReadable ||
+        rs.length < rs.highWaterMark)
+      this._read(rs.highWaterMark);
+  }
+};
+
+// Doesn't matter what the args are here.
+// _transform does all the work.
+// That we got here means that the readable side wants more data.
+Transform.prototype._read = function(n) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+
+  if (!util.isNull(ts.writechunk) && ts.writecb && !ts.transforming) {
+    ts.transforming = true;
+    this._transform(ts.writechunk, ts.writeencoding, ts.afterTransform);
+  } else {
+    // mark that we need a transform, so that any data that comes in
+    // will get processed, now that we've asked for it.
+    ts.needTransform = true;
+  }
+};
+
+
+function done(stream, er) {
+  if (er)
+    return stream.emit('error', er);
+
+  // if there's nothing in the write buffer, then that means
+  // that nothing more will ever be provided
+  var ws = stream._writableState;
+  var ts = stream._transformState;
+
+  if (ws.length)
+    throw new Error('calling transform done when ws.length != 0');
+
+  if (ts.transforming)
+    throw new Error('calling transform done when still transforming');
+
+  return stream.push(null);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db8539cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// A bit simpler than readable streams.
+// Implement an async ._write(chunk, cb), and it'll handle all
+// the drain event emission and buffering.
+
+module.exports = Writable;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+Writable.WritableState = WritableState;
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Stream = require('stream');
+
+util.inherits(Writable, Stream);
+
+function WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  this.chunk = chunk;
+  this.encoding = encoding;
+  this.callback = cb;
+}
+
+function WritableState(options, stream) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // the point at which write() starts returning false
+  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means that we always return false if
+  // the entire buffer is not flushed immediately on write()
+  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
+  var defaultHwm = options.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
+  this.highWaterMark = (hwm || hwm === 0) ? hwm : defaultHwm;
+
+  // object stream flag to indicate whether or not this stream
+  // contains buffers or objects.
+  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;
+
+  if (stream instanceof Duplex)
+    this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.writableObjectMode;
+
+  // cast to ints.
+  this.highWaterMark = ~~this.highWaterMark;
+
+  this.needDrain = false;
+  // at the start of calling end()
+  this.ending = false;
+  // when end() has been called, and returned
+  this.ended = false;
+  // when 'finish' is emitted
+  this.finished = false;
+
+  // should we decode strings into buffers before passing to _write?
+  // this is here so that some node-core streams can optimize string
+  // handling at a lower level.
+  var noDecode = options.decodeStrings === false;
+  this.decodeStrings = !noDecode;
+
+  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
+  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
+  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
+  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';
+
+  // not an actual buffer we keep track of, but a measurement
+  // of how much we're waiting to get pushed to some underlying
+  // socket or file.
+  this.length = 0;
+
+  // a flag to see when we're in the middle of a write.
+  this.writing = false;
+
+  // when true all writes will be buffered until .uncork() call
+  this.corked = 0;
+
+  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
+  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
+  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
+  // not happen before the first write call.
+  this.sync = true;
+
+  // a flag to know if we're processing previously buffered items, which
+  // may call the _write() callback in the same tick, so that we don't
+  // end up in an overlapped onwrite situation.
+  this.bufferProcessing = false;
+
+  // the callback that's passed to _write(chunk,cb)
+  this.onwrite = function(er) {
+    onwrite(stream, er);
+  };
+
+  // the callback that the user supplies to write(chunk,encoding,cb)
+  this.writecb = null;
+
+  // the amount that is being written when _write is called.
+  this.writelen = 0;
+
+  this.buffer = [];
+
+  // number of pending user-supplied write callbacks
+  // this must be 0 before 'finish' can be emitted
+  this.pendingcb = 0;
+
+  // emit prefinish if the only thing we're waiting for is _write cbs
+  // This is relevant for synchronous Transform streams
+  this.prefinished = false;
+
+  // True if the error was already emitted and should not be thrown again
+  this.errorEmitted = false;
+}
+
+function Writable(options) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  // Writable ctor is applied to Duplexes, though they're not
+  // instanceof Writable, they're instanceof Readable.
+  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof Duplex))
+    return new Writable(options);
+
+  this._writableState = new WritableState(options, this);
+
+  // legacy.
+  this.writable = true;
+
+  Stream.call(this);
+}
+
+// Otherwise people can pipe Writable streams, which is just wrong.
+Writable.prototype.pipe = function() {
+  this.emit('error', new Error('Cannot pipe. Not readable.'));
+};
+
+
+function writeAfterEnd(stream, state, cb) {
+  var er = new Error('write after end');
+  // TODO: defer error events consistently everywhere, not just the cb
+  stream.emit('error', er);
+  process.nextTick(function() {
+    cb(er);
+  });
+}
+
+// If we get something that is not a buffer, string, null, or undefined,
+// and we're not in objectMode, then that's an error.
+// Otherwise stream chunks are all considered to be of length=1, and the
+// watermarks determine how many objects to keep in the buffer, rather than
+// how many bytes or characters.
+function validChunk(stream, state, chunk, cb) {
+  var valid = true;
+  if (!util.isBuffer(chunk) &&
+      !util.isString(chunk) &&
+      !util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk) &&
+      !state.objectMode) {
+    var er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      cb(er);
+    });
+    valid = false;
+  }
+  return valid;
+}
+
+Writable.prototype.write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+  var ret = false;
+
+  if (util.isFunction(encoding)) {
+    cb = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  if (util.isBuffer(chunk))
+    encoding = 'buffer';
+  else if (!encoding)
+    encoding = state.defaultEncoding;
+
+  if (!util.isFunction(cb))
+    cb = function() {};
+
+  if (state.ended)
+    writeAfterEnd(this, state, cb);
+  else if (validChunk(this, state, chunk, cb)) {
+    state.pendingcb++;
+    ret = writeOrBuffer(this, state, chunk, encoding, cb);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.cork = function() {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  state.corked++;
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.uncork = function() {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  if (state.corked) {
+    state.corked--;
+
+    if (!state.writing &&
+        !state.corked &&
+        !state.finished &&
+        !state.bufferProcessing &&
+        state.buffer.length)
+      clearBuffer(this, state);
+  }
+};
+
+function decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding) {
+  if (!state.objectMode &&
+      state.decodeStrings !== false &&
+      util.isString(chunk)) {
+    chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
+  }
+  return chunk;
+}
+
+// if we're already writing something, then just put this
+// in the queue, and wait our turn.  Otherwise, call _write
+// If we return false, then we need a drain event, so set that flag.
+function writeOrBuffer(stream, state, chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  chunk = decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding);
+  if (util.isBuffer(chunk))
+    encoding = 'buffer';
+  var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+
+  state.length += len;
+
+  var ret = state.length < state.highWaterMark;
+  // we must ensure that previous needDrain will not be reset to false.
+  if (!ret)
+    state.needDrain = true;
+
+  if (state.writing || state.corked)
+    state.buffer.push(new WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb));
+  else
+    doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function doWrite(stream, state, writev, len, chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  state.writelen = len;
+  state.writecb = cb;
+  state.writing = true;
+  state.sync = true;
+  if (writev)
+    stream._writev(chunk, state.onwrite);
+  else
+    stream._write(chunk, encoding, state.onwrite);
+  state.sync = false;
+}
+
+function onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb) {
+  if (sync)
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      state.pendingcb--;
+      cb(er);
+    });
+  else {
+    state.pendingcb--;
+    cb(er);
+  }
+
+  stream._writableState.errorEmitted = true;
+  stream.emit('error', er);
+}
+
+function onwriteStateUpdate(state) {
+  state.writing = false;
+  state.writecb = null;
+  state.length -= state.writelen;
+  state.writelen = 0;
+}
+
+function onwrite(stream, er) {
+  var state = stream._writableState;
+  var sync = state.sync;
+  var cb = state.writecb;
+
+  onwriteStateUpdate(state);
+
+  if (er)
+    onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb);
+  else {
+    // Check if we're actually ready to finish, but don't emit yet
+    var finished = needFinish(stream, state);
+
+    if (!finished &&
+        !state.corked &&
+        !state.bufferProcessing &&
+        state.buffer.length) {
+      clearBuffer(stream, state);
+    }
+
+    if (sync) {
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
+      });
+    } else {
+      afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb) {
+  if (!finished)
+    onwriteDrain(stream, state);
+  state.pendingcb--;
+  cb();
+  finishMaybe(stream, state);
+}
+
+// Must force callback to be called on nextTick, so that we don't
+// emit 'drain' before the write() consumer gets the 'false' return
+// value, and has a chance to attach a 'drain' listener.
+function onwriteDrain(stream, state) {
+  if (state.length === 0 && state.needDrain) {
+    state.needDrain = false;
+    stream.emit('drain');
+  }
+}
+
+
+// if there's something in the buffer waiting, then process it
+function clearBuffer(stream, state) {
+  state.bufferProcessing = true;
+
+  if (stream._writev && state.buffer.length > 1) {
+    // Fast case, write everything using _writev()
+    var cbs = [];
+    for (var c = 0; c < state.buffer.length; c++)
+      cbs.push(state.buffer[c].callback);
+
+    // count the one we are adding, as well.
+    // TODO(isaacs) clean this up
+    state.pendingcb++;
+    doWrite(stream, state, true, state.length, state.buffer, '', function(err) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < cbs.length; i++) {
+        state.pendingcb--;
+        cbs[i](err);
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Clear buffer
+    state.buffer = [];
+  } else {
+    // Slow case, write chunks one-by-one
+    for (var c = 0; c < state.buffer.length; c++) {
+      var entry = state.buffer[c];
+      var chunk = entry.chunk;
+      var encoding = entry.encoding;
+      var cb = entry.callback;
+      var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+
+      doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);
+
+      // if we didn't call the onwrite immediately, then
+      // it means that we need to wait until it does.
+      // also, that means that the chunk and cb are currently
+      // being processed, so move the buffer counter past them.
+      if (state.writing) {
+        c++;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (c < state.buffer.length)
+      state.buffer = state.buffer.slice(c);
+    else
+      state.buffer.length = 0;
+  }
+
+  state.bufferProcessing = false;
+}
+
+Writable.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  cb(new Error('not implemented'));
+
+};
+
+Writable.prototype._writev = null;
+
+Writable.prototype.end = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  if (util.isFunction(chunk)) {
+    cb = chunk;
+    chunk = null;
+    encoding = null;
+  } else if (util.isFunction(encoding)) {
+    cb = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk))
+    this.write(chunk, encoding);
+
+  // .end() fully uncorks
+  if (state.corked) {
+    state.corked = 1;
+    this.uncork();
+  }
+
+  // ignore unnecessary end() calls.
+  if (!state.ending && !state.finished)
+    endWritable(this, state, cb);
+};
+
+
+function needFinish(stream, state) {
+  return (state.ending &&
+          state.length === 0 &&
+          !state.finished &&
+          !state.writing);
+}
+
+function prefinish(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.prefinished) {
+    state.prefinished = true;
+    stream.emit('prefinish');
+  }
+}
+
+function finishMaybe(stream, state) {
+  var need = needFinish(stream, state);
+  if (need) {
+    if (state.pendingcb === 0) {
+      prefinish(stream, state);
+      state.finished = true;
+      stream.emit('finish');
+    } else
+      prefinish(stream, state);
+  }
+  return need;
+}
+
+function endWritable(stream, state, cb) {
+  state.ending = true;
+  finishMaybe(stream, state);
+  if (cb) {
+    if (state.finished)
+      process.nextTick(cb);
+    else
+      stream.once('finish', cb);
+  }
+  state.ended = true;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..917158132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "_from": "readable-stream@1.1.x",
+  "_id": "readable-stream@1.1.14",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-fPTFTvZI44EwhMY23SB54WbAgdk=",
+  "_location": "/busboy/readable-stream",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "readable-stream@1.1.x",
+    "name": "readable-stream",
+    "escapedName": "readable-stream",
+    "rawSpec": "1.1.x",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.1.x"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/busboy"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/readable-stream/-/readable-stream-1.1.14.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7cf4c54ef648e3813084c636dd2079e166c081d9",
+  "_spec": "readable-stream@1.1.x",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\busboy",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "browser": {
+    "util": false
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/readable-stream/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "core-util-is": "~1.0.0",
+    "inherits": "~2.0.1",
+    "isarray": "0.0.1",
+    "string_decoder": "~0.10.x"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Streams3, a user-land copy of the stream library from Node.js v0.11.x",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "~0.2.6"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/readable-stream#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "readable",
+    "stream",
+    "pipe"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "readable.js",
+  "name": "readable-stream",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/readable-stream.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/simple/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.14"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27e8d8a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_passthrough.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a8b5c6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+exports = module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_readable.js');
+exports.Stream = require('stream');
+exports.Readable = exports;
+exports.Writable = require('./lib/_stream_writable.js');
+exports.Duplex = require('./lib/_stream_duplex.js');
+exports.Transform = require('./lib/_stream_transform.js');
+exports.PassThrough = require('./lib/_stream_passthrough.js');
+if (!process.browser && process.env.READABLE_STREAM === 'disable') {
+  module.exports = require('stream');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d482f078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_transform.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1e9efdf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_writable.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..206320cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+build
+test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6de584a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d2aa0015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+**string_decoder.js** (`require('string_decoder')`) from Node.js core
+
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. See LICENCE file for details.
+
+Version numbers match the versions found in Node core, e.g. 0.10.24 matches Node 0.10.24, likewise 0.11.10 matches Node 0.11.10. **Prefer the stable version over the unstable.**
+
+The *build/* directory contains a build script that will scrape the source from the [joyent/node](https://github.com/joyent/node) repo given a specific Node version.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/index.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b00e54fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+
+var isBufferEncoding = Buffer.isEncoding
+  || function(encoding) {
+       switch (encoding && encoding.toLowerCase()) {
+         case 'hex': case 'utf8': case 'utf-8': case 'ascii': case 'binary': case 'base64': case 'ucs2': case 'ucs-2': case 'utf16le': case 'utf-16le': case 'raw': return true;
+         default: return false;
+       }
+     }
+
+
+function assertEncoding(encoding) {
+  if (encoding && !isBufferEncoding(encoding)) {
+    throw new Error('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
+  }
+}
+
+// StringDecoder provides an interface for efficiently splitting a series of
+// buffers into a series of JS strings without breaking apart multi-byte
+// characters. CESU-8 is handled as part of the UTF-8 encoding.
+//
+// @TODO Handling all encodings inside a single object makes it very difficult
+// to reason about this code, so it should be split up in the future.
+// @TODO There should be a utf8-strict encoding that rejects invalid UTF-8 code
+// points as used by CESU-8.
+var StringDecoder = exports.StringDecoder = function(encoding) {
+  this.encoding = (encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase().replace(/[-_]/, '');
+  assertEncoding(encoding);
+  switch (this.encoding) {
+    case 'utf8':
+      // CESU-8 represents each of Surrogate Pair by 3-bytes
+      this.surrogateSize = 3;
+      break;
+    case 'ucs2':
+    case 'utf16le':
+      // UTF-16 represents each of Surrogate Pair by 2-bytes
+      this.surrogateSize = 2;
+      this.detectIncompleteChar = utf16DetectIncompleteChar;
+      break;
+    case 'base64':
+      // Base-64 stores 3 bytes in 4 chars, and pads the remainder.
+      this.surrogateSize = 3;
+      this.detectIncompleteChar = base64DetectIncompleteChar;
+      break;
+    default:
+      this.write = passThroughWrite;
+      return;
+  }
+
+  // Enough space to store all bytes of a single character. UTF-8 needs 4
+  // bytes, but CESU-8 may require up to 6 (3 bytes per surrogate).
+  this.charBuffer = new Buffer(6);
+  // Number of bytes received for the current incomplete multi-byte character.
+  this.charReceived = 0;
+  // Number of bytes expected for the current incomplete multi-byte character.
+  this.charLength = 0;
+};
+
+
+// write decodes the given buffer and returns it as JS string that is
+// guaranteed to not contain any partial multi-byte characters. Any partial
+// character found at the end of the buffer is buffered up, and will be
+// returned when calling write again with the remaining bytes.
+//
+// Note: Converting a Buffer containing an orphan surrogate to a String
+// currently works, but converting a String to a Buffer (via `new Buffer`, or
+// Buffer#write) will replace incomplete surrogates with the unicode
+// replacement character. See https://codereview.chromium.org/121173009/ .
+StringDecoder.prototype.write = function(buffer) {
+  var charStr = '';
+  // if our last write ended with an incomplete multibyte character
+  while (this.charLength) {
+    // determine how many remaining bytes this buffer has to offer for this char
+    var available = (buffer.length >= this.charLength - this.charReceived) ?
+        this.charLength - this.charReceived :
+        buffer.length;
+
+    // add the new bytes to the char buffer
+    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, this.charReceived, 0, available);
+    this.charReceived += available;
+
+    if (this.charReceived < this.charLength) {
+      // still not enough chars in this buffer? wait for more ...
+      return '';
+    }
+
+    // remove bytes belonging to the current character from the buffer
+    buffer = buffer.slice(available, buffer.length);
+
+    // get the character that was split
+    charStr = this.charBuffer.slice(0, this.charLength).toString(this.encoding);
+
+    // CESU-8: lead surrogate (D800-DBFF) is also the incomplete character
+    var charCode = charStr.charCodeAt(charStr.length - 1);
+    if (charCode >= 0xD800 && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
+      this.charLength += this.surrogateSize;
+      charStr = '';
+      continue;
+    }
+    this.charReceived = this.charLength = 0;
+
+    // if there are no more bytes in this buffer, just emit our char
+    if (buffer.length === 0) {
+      return charStr;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  // determine and set charLength / charReceived
+  this.detectIncompleteChar(buffer);
+
+  var end = buffer.length;
+  if (this.charLength) {
+    // buffer the incomplete character bytes we got
+    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, 0, buffer.length - this.charReceived, end);
+    end -= this.charReceived;
+  }
+
+  charStr += buffer.toString(this.encoding, 0, end);
+
+  var end = charStr.length - 1;
+  var charCode = charStr.charCodeAt(end);
+  // CESU-8: lead surrogate (D800-DBFF) is also the incomplete character
+  if (charCode >= 0xD800 && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
+    var size = this.surrogateSize;
+    this.charLength += size;
+    this.charReceived += size;
+    this.charBuffer.copy(this.charBuffer, size, 0, size);
+    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, 0, 0, size);
+    return charStr.substring(0, end);
+  }
+
+  // or just emit the charStr
+  return charStr;
+};
+
+// detectIncompleteChar determines if there is an incomplete UTF-8 character at
+// the end of the given buffer. If so, it sets this.charLength to the byte
+// length that character, and sets this.charReceived to the number of bytes
+// that are available for this character.
+StringDecoder.prototype.detectIncompleteChar = function(buffer) {
+  // determine how many bytes we have to check at the end of this buffer
+  var i = (buffer.length >= 3) ? 3 : buffer.length;
+
+  // Figure out if one of the last i bytes of our buffer announces an
+  // incomplete char.
+  for (; i > 0; i--) {
+    var c = buffer[buffer.length - i];
+
+    // See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Description
+
+    // 110XXXXX
+    if (i == 1 && c >> 5 == 0x06) {
+      this.charLength = 2;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // 1110XXXX
+    if (i <= 2 && c >> 4 == 0x0E) {
+      this.charLength = 3;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // 11110XXX
+    if (i <= 3 && c >> 3 == 0x1E) {
+      this.charLength = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  this.charReceived = i;
+};
+
+StringDecoder.prototype.end = function(buffer) {
+  var res = '';
+  if (buffer && buffer.length)
+    res = this.write(buffer);
+
+  if (this.charReceived) {
+    var cr = this.charReceived;
+    var buf = this.charBuffer;
+    var enc = this.encoding;
+    res += buf.slice(0, cr).toString(enc);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+};
+
+function passThroughWrite(buffer) {
+  return buffer.toString(this.encoding);
+}
+
+function utf16DetectIncompleteChar(buffer) {
+  this.charReceived = buffer.length % 2;
+  this.charLength = this.charReceived ? 2 : 0;
+}
+
+function base64DetectIncompleteChar(buffer) {
+  this.charReceived = buffer.length % 3;
+  this.charLength = this.charReceived ? 3 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ad64e28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "_from": "string_decoder@~0.10.x",
+  "_id": "string_decoder@0.10.31",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-YuIDvEF2bGwoyfyEMB2rHFMQ+pQ=",
+  "_location": "/busboy/string_decoder",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "string_decoder@~0.10.x",
+    "name": "string_decoder",
+    "escapedName": "string_decoder",
+    "rawSpec": "~0.10.x",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~0.10.x"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/busboy/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-0.10.31.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "62e203bc41766c6c28c9fc84301dab1c5310fa94",
+  "_spec": "string_decoder@~0.10.x",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\busboy\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/rvagg/string_decoder/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The string_decoder module from Node core",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "~0.4.8"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/rvagg/string_decoder",
+  "keywords": [
+    "string",
+    "decoder",
+    "browser",
+    "browserify"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "string_decoder",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/rvagg/string_decoder.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/simple/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.10.31"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/package.json b/backend/node_modules/busboy/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23d9617c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "_from": "busboy@^0.2.11",
+  "_id": "busboy@0.2.14",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-bCpiLvz0fFe7vh4qnDetNseSVFM=",
+  "_location": "/busboy",
+  "_phantomChildren": {
+    "core-util-is": "1.0.2",
+    "inherits": "2.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "busboy@^0.2.11",
+    "name": "busboy",
+    "escapedName": "busboy",
+    "rawSpec": "^0.2.11",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^0.2.11"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/multer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/busboy/-/busboy-0.2.14.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "6c2a622efcf47c57bbbe1e2a9c37ad36c7925453",
+  "_spec": "busboy@^0.2.11",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\multer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Brian White",
+    "email": "mscdex@mscdex.net"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mscdex/busboy/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "dicer": "0.2.5",
+    "readable-stream": "1.1.x"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A streaming parser for HTML form data for node.js",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.8.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mscdex/busboy#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "uploads",
+    "forms",
+    "multipart",
+    "form-data"
+  ],
+  "licenses": [
+    {
+      "type": "MIT",
+      "url": "http://github.com/mscdex/busboy/raw/master/LICENSE"
+    }
+  ],
+  "main": "./lib/main",
+  "name": "busboy",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/mscdex/busboy.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test/test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.2.14"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-types-multipart.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-types-multipart.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d564049fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-types-multipart.js
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+var Busboy = require('..');
+
+var path = require('path'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect,
+    assert = require('assert');
+
+var EMPTY_FN = function() {};
+
+var t = 0,
+    group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+var tests = [
+  { source: [
+      ['-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_name_0"',
+       '',
+       'super alpha file',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_name_1"',
+       '',
+       'super beta file',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_0"; filename="1k_a.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_1"; filename="1k_b.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '---------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'file_name_0', 'super alpha file', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+      ['field', 'file_name_1', 'super beta file', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_0', 1023, 0, '1k_a.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_1', 1023, 0, '1k_b.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream']
+    ],
+    what: 'Fields and files'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="cont"',
+       '',
+       'some random content',
+       '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="pass"',
+       '',
+       'some random pass',
+       '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="bit"',
+       '',
+       '2',
+       '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'cont', 'some random content', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+      ['field', 'pass', 'some random pass', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+      ['field', 'bit', '2', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain']
+    ],
+    what: 'Fields only'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ''
+    ],
+    boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+    expected: [],
+    what: 'No fields and no files'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_name_0"',
+       '',
+       'super alpha file',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_0"; filename="1k_a.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '---------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+    limits: {
+      fileSize: 13,
+      fieldSize: 5
+    },
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'file_name_0', 'super', false, true, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_0', 13, 2, '1k_a.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream']
+    ],
+    what: 'Fields and files (limits)'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_name_0"',
+       '',
+       'super alpha file',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_0"; filename="1k_a.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '---------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+    limits: {
+      files: 0
+    },
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'file_name_0', 'super alpha file', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain']
+    ],
+    what: 'Fields and files (limits: 0 files)'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_name_0"',
+       '',
+       'super alpha file',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file_name_1"',
+       '',
+       'super beta file',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_0"; filename="1k_a.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_1"; filename="1k_b.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '---------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'file_name_0', 'super alpha file', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+      ['field', 'file_name_1', 'super beta file', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain'],
+    ],
+    events: ['field'],
+    what: 'Fields and (ignored) files'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_0"; filename="/tmp/1k_a.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_1"; filename="C:\\files\\1k_b.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_2"; filename="relative/1k_c.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '---------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+    expected: [
+      ['file', 'upload_file_0', 26, 0, '1k_a.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_1', 26, 0, '1k_b.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_2', 26, 0, '1k_c.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream']
+    ],
+    what: 'Files with filenames containing paths'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_0"; filename="/absolute/1k_a.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_1"; filename="C:\\absolute\\1k_b.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file_2"; filename="relative/1k_c.dat"',
+       'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+       '',
+       'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
+       '-----------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '---------------------------paZqsnEHRufoShdX6fh0lUhXBP4k',
+    preservePath: true,
+    expected: [
+      ['file', 'upload_file_0', 26, 0, '/absolute/1k_a.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_1', 26, 0, 'C:\\absolute\\1k_b.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream'],
+      ['file', 'upload_file_2', 26, 0, 'relative/1k_c.dat', '7bit', 'application/octet-stream']
+    ],
+    what: 'Paths to be preserved through the preservePath option'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="cont"',
+       'Content-Type: ',
+       '',
+       'some random content',
+       '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+       'Content-Disposition: ',
+       '',
+       'some random pass',
+       '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY--'
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'cont', 'some random content', false, false, '7bit', 'text/plain']
+    ],
+    what: 'Empty content-type and empty content-disposition'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['--asdasdasdasd\r\n',
+       'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo"\r\n',
+       '\r\n',
+       'asd\r\n',
+       '--asdasdasdasd--'
+      ].join(':)')
+    ],
+    boundary: 'asdasdasdasd',
+    expected: [],
+    shouldError: 'Unexpected end of multipart data',
+    what: 'Stopped mid-header'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      ['------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="cont"',
+       'Content-Type: application/json',
+       '',
+       '{}',
+       '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY--',
+      ].join('\r\n')
+    ],
+    boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+    expected: [
+      ['field', 'cont', '{}', false, false, '7bit', 'application/json']
+    ],
+    what: 'content-type for fields'
+  },
+  { source: [
+      '------WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY--\r\n'
+    ],
+    boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryTB2MiQ36fnSJlrhY',
+    expected: [],
+    what: 'empty form'
+  }
+];
+
+function next() {
+  if (t === tests.length)
+    return;
+
+  var v = tests[t];
+
+  var busboy = new Busboy({
+        limits: v.limits,
+        preservePath: v.preservePath,
+        headers: {
+          'content-type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + v.boundary
+        }
+      }),
+      finishes = 0,
+      results = [];
+
+  if (v.events === undefined || v.events.indexOf('field') > -1) {
+    busboy.on('field', function(key, val, keyTrunc, valTrunc, encoding, contype) {
+      results.push(['field', key, val, keyTrunc, valTrunc, encoding, contype]);
+    });
+  }
+  if (v.events === undefined || v.events.indexOf('file') > -1) {
+    busboy.on('file', function(fieldname, stream, filename, encoding, mimeType) {
+      var nb = 0,
+          info = ['file',
+                  fieldname,
+                  nb,
+                  0,
+                  filename,
+                  encoding,
+                  mimeType];
+      results.push(info);
+      stream.on('data', function(d) {
+        nb += d.length;
+      }).on('limit', function() {
+        ++info[3];
+      }).on('end', function() {
+        info[2] = nb;
+        if (stream.truncated)
+          ++info[3];
+      });
+    });
+  }
+  busboy.on('finish', function() {
+    assert(finishes++ === 0, makeMsg(v.what, 'finish emitted multiple times'));
+    assert.deepEqual(results.length,
+                     v.expected.length,
+                     makeMsg(v.what, 'Parsed result count mismatch. Saw '
+                                     + results.length
+                                     + '. Expected: ' + v.expected.length));
+
+    results.forEach(function(result, i) {
+      assert.deepEqual(result,
+                       v.expected[i],
+                       makeMsg(v.what,
+                               'Result mismatch:\nParsed: ' + inspect(result)
+                               + '\nExpected: ' + inspect(v.expected[i]))
+                      );
+    });
+    ++t;
+    next();
+  }).on('error', function(err) {
+    if (!v.shouldError || v.shouldError !== err.message)
+      assert(false, makeMsg(v.what, 'Unexpected error: ' + err));
+  });
+
+  v.source.forEach(function(s) {
+    busboy.write(new Buffer(s, 'utf8'), EMPTY_FN);
+  });
+  busboy.end();
+}
+next();
+
+function makeMsg(what, msg) {
+  return '[' + group + what + ']: ' + msg;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  assert(t === tests.length,
+         makeMsg('_exit',
+                 'Only finished ' + t + '/' + tests.length + ' tests'));
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-types-urlencoded.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-types-urlencoded.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eac61abd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-types-urlencoded.js
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+var Busboy = require('..');
+
+var path = require('path'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect,
+    assert = require('assert');
+
+var EMPTY_FN = function() {};
+
+var t = 0,
+    group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+var tests = [
+  { source: ['foo'],
+    expected: [['foo', '', false, false]],
+    what: 'Unassigned value'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar', false, false]],
+    what: 'Assigned value'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo&bar=baz'],
+    expected: [['foo', '', false, false],
+               ['bar', 'baz', false, false]],
+    what: 'Unassigned and assigned value'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar', false, false],
+               ['baz', '', false, false]],
+    what: 'Assigned and unassigned value'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar', false, false],
+               ['baz', 'bla', false, false]],
+    what: 'Two assigned values'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo&bar'],
+    expected: [['foo', '', false, false],
+               ['bar', '', false, false]],
+    what: 'Two unassigned values'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo&bar&'],
+    expected: [['foo', '', false, false],
+               ['bar', '', false, false]],
+    what: 'Two unassigned values and ampersand'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar+baz%2Bquux'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar baz+quux', false, false]],
+    what: 'Assigned value with (plus) space'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar%20baz%21'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar baz!', false, false]],
+    what: 'Assigned value with encoded bytes'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo%20bar=baz%20bla%21'],
+    expected: [['foo bar', 'baz bla!', false, false]],
+    what: 'Assigned value with encoded bytes #2'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar%20baz%21&num=1000'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar baz!', false, false],
+               ['num', '1000', false, false]],
+    what: 'Two assigned values, one with encoded bytes'
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [],
+    what: 'Limits: zero fields',
+    limits: { fields: 0 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar', false, false]],
+    what: 'Limits: one field',
+    limits: { fields: 1 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'bar', false, false],
+               ['baz', 'bla', false, false]],
+    what: 'Limits: field part lengths match limits',
+    limits: { fieldNameSize: 3, fieldSize: 3 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['fo', 'bar', true, false],
+               ['ba', 'bla', true, false]],
+    what: 'Limits: truncated field name',
+    limits: { fieldNameSize: 2 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['foo', 'ba', false, true],
+               ['baz', 'bl', false, true]],
+    what: 'Limits: truncated field value',
+    limits: { fieldSize: 2 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['fo', 'ba', true, true],
+               ['ba', 'bl', true, true]],
+    what: 'Limits: truncated field name and value',
+    limits: { fieldNameSize: 2, fieldSize: 2 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['fo', '', true, true],
+               ['ba', '', true, true]],
+    what: 'Limits: truncated field name and zero value limit',
+    limits: { fieldNameSize: 2, fieldSize: 0 }
+  },
+  { source: ['foo=bar&baz=bla'],
+    expected: [['', '', true, true],
+               ['', '', true, true]],
+    what: 'Limits: truncated zero field name and zero value limit',
+    limits: { fieldNameSize: 0, fieldSize: 0 }
+  },
+  { source: ['&'],
+    expected: [],
+    what: 'Ampersand'
+  },
+  { source: ['&&&&&'],
+    expected: [],
+    what: 'Many ampersands'
+  },
+  { source: ['='],
+    expected: [['', '', false, false]],
+    what: 'Assigned value, empty name and value'
+  },
+  { source: [''],
+    expected: [],
+    what: 'Nothing'
+  },
+];
+
+function next() {
+  if (t === tests.length)
+    return;
+
+  var v = tests[t];
+
+  var busboy = new Busboy({
+        limits: v.limits,
+        headers: {
+          'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8'
+        }
+      }),
+      finishes = 0,
+      results = [];
+
+  busboy.on('field', function(key, val, keyTrunc, valTrunc) {
+    results.push([key, val, keyTrunc, valTrunc]);
+  });
+  busboy.on('file', function() {
+    throw new Error(makeMsg(v.what, 'Unexpected file'));
+  });
+  busboy.on('finish', function() {
+    assert(finishes++ === 0, makeMsg(v.what, 'finish emitted multiple times'));
+    assert.deepEqual(results.length,
+                     v.expected.length,
+                     makeMsg(v.what, 'Parsed result count mismatch. Saw '
+                                     + results.length
+                                     + '. Expected: ' + v.expected.length));
+
+    var i = 0;
+    results.forEach(function(result) {
+      assert.deepEqual(result,
+                       v.expected[i],
+                       makeMsg(v.what,
+                               'Result mismatch:\nParsed: ' + inspect(result)
+                               + '\nExpected: ' + inspect(v.expected[i]))
+                      );
+      ++i;
+    });
+    ++t;
+    next();
+  });
+
+  v.source.forEach(function(s) {
+    busboy.write(new Buffer(s, 'utf8'), EMPTY_FN);
+  });
+  busboy.end();
+}
+next();
+
+function makeMsg(what, msg) {
+  return '[' + group + what + ']: ' + msg;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  assert(t === tests.length, makeMsg('_exit', 'Only finished ' + t + '/' + tests.length + ' tests'));
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-utils-decoder.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-utils-decoder.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..780bf44e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-utils-decoder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+var Decoder = require('../lib/utils').Decoder;
+
+var path = require('path'),
+    assert = require('assert');
+
+var group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+[
+  { source: ['Hello world'],
+    expected: 'Hello world',
+    what: 'No encoded bytes'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%20world'],
+    expected: 'Hello world',
+    what: 'One full encoded byte'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%20world%21'],
+    expected: 'Hello world!',
+    what: 'Two full encoded bytes'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%', '20world'],
+    expected: 'Hello world',
+    what: 'One full encoded byte split #1'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%2', '0world'],
+    expected: 'Hello world',
+    what: 'One full encoded byte split #2'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%20', 'world'],
+    expected: 'Hello world',
+    what: 'One full encoded byte (concat)'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%2Qworld'],
+    expected: 'Hello%2Qworld',
+    what: 'Malformed encoded byte #1'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello%world'],
+    expected: 'Hello%world',
+    what: 'Malformed encoded byte #2'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello+world'],
+    expected: 'Hello world',
+    what: 'Plus to space'
+  },
+  { source: ['Hello+world%21'],
+    expected: 'Hello world!',
+    what: 'Plus and encoded byte'
+  },
+  { source: ['5%2B5%3D10'],
+    expected: '5+5=10',
+    what: 'Encoded plus'
+  },
+  { source: ['5+%2B+5+%3D+10'],
+    expected: '5 + 5 = 10',
+    what: 'Spaces and encoded plus'
+  },
+].forEach(function(v) {
+  var dec = new Decoder(), result = '';
+  v.source.forEach(function(s) {
+    result += dec.write(s);
+  });
+  var msg = '[' + group + v.what + ']: decoded string mismatch.\n'
+            + 'Saw: ' + result + '\n'
+            + 'Expected: ' + v.expected;
+  assert.deepEqual(result, v.expected, msg);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-utils-parse-params.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-utils-parse-params.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c85c300a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test-utils-parse-params.js
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+var parseParams = require('../lib/utils').parseParams;
+
+var path = require('path'),
+    assert = require('assert'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+var group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+[
+  { source: 'video/ogg',
+    expected: ['video/ogg'],
+    what: 'No parameters'
+  },
+  { source: 'video/ogg;',
+    expected: ['video/ogg'],
+    what: 'No parameters (with separator)'
+  },
+  { source: 'video/ogg; ',
+    expected: ['video/ogg'],
+    what: 'No parameters (with separator followed by whitespace)'
+  },
+  { source: ';video/ogg',
+    expected: ['', 'video/ogg'],
+    what: 'Empty parameter'
+  },
+  { source: 'video/*',
+    expected: ['video/*'],
+    what: 'Subtype with asterisk'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; encoding=utf8',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['encoding', 'utf8']],
+    what: 'Unquoted'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; encoding=',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['encoding', '']],
+    what: 'Unquoted empty string'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; encoding="utf8"',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['encoding', 'utf8']],
+    what: 'Quoted'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; greeting="hello \\"world\\""',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['greeting', 'hello "world"']],
+    what: 'Quotes within quoted'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; encoding=""',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['encoding', '']],
+    what: 'Quoted empty string'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; encoding="utf8";\t   foo=bar;test',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['encoding', 'utf8'], ['foo', 'bar'], 'test'],
+    what: 'Multiple params with various spacing'
+  },
+  { source: "text/plain; filename*=iso-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates",
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', '£ rates']],
+    what: 'Extended parameter (RFC 5987) with language'
+  },
+  { source: "text/plain; filename*=utf-8''%c2%a3%20and%20%e2%82%ac%20rates",
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', '£ and € rates']],
+    what: 'Extended parameter (RFC 5987) without language'
+  },
+  { source: "text/plain; filename*=utf-8''%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3",
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', '测试文档']],
+    what: 'Extended parameter (RFC 5987) without language #2'
+  },
+  { source: "text/plain; filename*=iso-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates; altfilename*=utf-8''%c2%a3%20and%20%e2%82%ac%20rates",
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', '£ rates'], ['altfilename', '£ and € rates']],
+    what: 'Multiple extended parameters (RFC 5987) with mixed charsets'
+  },
+  { source: "text/plain; filename*=iso-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates; altfilename=\"foobarbaz\"",
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', '£ rates'], ['altfilename', 'foobarbaz']],
+    what: 'Mixed regular and extended parameters (RFC 5987)'
+  },
+  { source: "text/plain; filename=\"foobarbaz\"; altfilename*=iso-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates",
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', 'foobarbaz'], ['altfilename', '£ rates']],
+    what: 'Mixed regular and extended parameters (RFC 5987) #2'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; filename="C:\\folder\\test.png"',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', 'C:\\folder\\test.png']],
+    what: 'Unescaped backslashes should be considered backslashes'
+  },
+  { source: 'text/plain; filename="John \\"Magic\\" Smith.png"',
+    expected: ['text/plain', ['filename', 'John "Magic" Smith.png']],
+    what: 'Escaped double-quotes should be considered double-quotes'
+  },
+  { source: 'multipart/form-data; charset=utf-8; boundary=0xKhTmLbOuNdArY',
+    expected: ['multipart/form-data', ['charset', 'utf-8'], ['boundary', '0xKhTmLbOuNdArY']],
+    what: 'Multiple non-quoted parameters'
+  },
+].forEach(function(v) {
+  var result = parseParams(v.source),
+      msg = '[' + group + v.what + ']: parsed parameters mismatch.\n'
+            + 'Saw: ' + inspect(result) + '\n'
+            + 'Expected: ' + inspect(v.expected);
+  assert.deepEqual(result, v.expected, msg);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test.js b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3383f27d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/busboy/test/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+require('fs').readdirSync(__dirname).forEach(function(f) {
+  if (f.substr(0, 5) === 'test-')
+    require('./' + f);
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bytes/History.md b/backend/node_modules/bytes/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf6a5bb9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bytes/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+3.1.0 / 2019-01-22
+==================
+
+  * Add petabyte (`pb`) support
+
+3.0.0 / 2017-08-31
+==================
+
+  * Change "kB" to "KB" in format output
+  * Remove support for Node.js 0.6
+  * Remove support for ComponentJS
+
+2.5.0 / 2017-03-24
+==================
+
+  * Add option "unit"
+
+2.4.0 / 2016-06-01
+==================
+
+  * Add option "unitSeparator"
+
+2.3.0 / 2016-02-15
+==================
+
+  * Drop partial bytes on all parsed units
+  * Fix non-finite numbers to `.format` to return `null`
+  * Fix parsing byte string that looks like hex
+  * perf: hoist regular expressions
+
+2.2.0 / 2015-11-13
+==================
+
+  * add option "decimalPlaces"
+  * add option "fixedDecimals"
+
+2.1.0 / 2015-05-21
+==================
+
+  * add `.format` export
+  * add `.parse` export
+
+2.0.2 / 2015-05-20
+==================
+
+  * remove map recreation
+  * remove unnecessary object construction
+
+2.0.1 / 2015-05-07
+==================
+
+  * fix browserify require
+  * remove node.extend dependency
+
+2.0.0 / 2015-04-12
+==================
+
+  * add option "case"
+  * add option "thousandsSeparator"
+  * return "null" on invalid parse input
+  * support proper round-trip: bytes(bytes(num)) === num
+  * units no longer case sensitive when parsing
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-05-05
+==================
+
+ * add negative support. fixes #6
+
+0.3.0 / 2014-03-19
+==================
+
+ * added terabyte support
+
+0.2.1 / 2013-04-01
+==================
+
+  * add .component
+
+0.2.0 / 2012-10-28
+==================
+
+  * bytes(200).should.eql('200b')
+
+0.1.0 / 2012-07-04
+==================
+
+  * add bytes to string conversion [yields]
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bytes/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/bytes/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63e95a963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bytes/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+Copyright (c) 2015 Jed Watson <jed.watson@me.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bytes/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/bytes/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ad1ec6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bytes/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# Bytes utility
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Utility to parse a string bytes (ex: `1TB`) to bytes (`1099511627776`) and vice-versa.
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```bash
+$ npm install bytes
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var bytes = require('bytes');
+```
+
+#### bytes.format(number value, [options]): string｜null
+
+Format the given value in bytes into a string. If the value is negative, it is kept as such. If it is a float, it is
+ rounded.
+
+**Arguments**
+
+| Name    | Type     | Description        |
+|---------|----------|--------------------|
+| value   | `number` | Value in bytes     |
+| options | `Object` | Conversion options |
+
+**Options**
+
+| Property          | Type   | Description                                                                             |
+|-------------------|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| decimalPlaces | `number`｜`null` | Maximum number of decimal places to include in output. Default value to `2`. |
+| fixedDecimals | `boolean`｜`null` | Whether to always display the maximum number of decimal places. Default value to `false` |
+| thousandsSeparator | `string`｜`null` | Example of values: `' '`, `','` and `.`... Default value to `''`. |
+| unit | `string`｜`null` | The unit in which the result will be returned (B/KB/MB/GB/TB). Default value to `''` (which means auto detect). |
+| unitSeparator | `string`｜`null` | Separator to use between number and unit. Default value to `''`. |
+
+**Returns**
+
+| Name    | Type             | Description                                     |
+|---------|------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| results | `string`｜`null` | Return null upon error. String value otherwise. |
+
+**Example**
+
+```js
+bytes(1024);
+// output: '1KB'
+
+bytes(1000);
+// output: '1000B'
+
+bytes(1000, {thousandsSeparator: ' '});
+// output: '1 000B'
+
+bytes(1024 * 1.7, {decimalPlaces: 0});
+// output: '2KB'
+
+bytes(1024, {unitSeparator: ' '});
+// output: '1 KB'
+
+```
+
+#### bytes.parse(string｜number value): number｜null
+
+Parse the string value into an integer in bytes. If no unit is given, or `value`
+is a number, it is assumed the value is in bytes.
+
+Supported units and abbreviations are as follows and are case-insensitive:
+
+  * `b` for bytes
+  * `kb` for kilobytes
+  * `mb` for megabytes
+  * `gb` for gigabytes
+  * `tb` for terabytes
+  * `pb` for petabytes
+
+The units are in powers of two, not ten. This means 1kb = 1024b according to this parser.
+
+**Arguments**
+
+| Name          | Type   | Description        |
+|---------------|--------|--------------------|
+| value   | `string`｜`number` | String to parse, or number in bytes.   |
+
+**Returns**
+
+| Name    | Type        | Description             |
+|---------|-------------|-------------------------|
+| results | `number`｜`null` | Return null upon error. Value in bytes otherwise. |
+
+**Example**
+
+```js
+bytes('1KB');
+// output: 1024
+
+bytes('1024');
+// output: 1024
+
+bytes(1024);
+// output: 1KB
+```
+
+## License 
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/visionmedia/bytes.js/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/visionmedia/bytes.js?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/bytes
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/bytes
+[npm-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/bytes
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/bytes
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/visionmedia/bytes.js/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/bytes.js
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bytes/index.js b/backend/node_modules/bytes/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4975bfb0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bytes/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*!
+ * bytes
+ * Copyright(c) 2012-2014 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Jed Watson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = bytes;
+module.exports.format = format;
+module.exports.parse = parse;
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var formatThousandsRegExp = /\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g;
+
+var formatDecimalsRegExp = /(?:\.0*|(\.[^0]+)0+)$/;
+
+var map = {
+  b:  1,
+  kb: 1 << 10,
+  mb: 1 << 20,
+  gb: 1 << 30,
+  tb: Math.pow(1024, 4),
+  pb: Math.pow(1024, 5),
+};
+
+var parseRegExp = /^((-|\+)?(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)) *(kb|mb|gb|tb|pb)$/i;
+
+/**
+ * Convert the given value in bytes into a string or parse to string to an integer in bytes.
+ *
+ * @param {string|number} value
+ * @param {{
+ *  case: [string],
+ *  decimalPlaces: [number]
+ *  fixedDecimals: [boolean]
+ *  thousandsSeparator: [string]
+ *  unitSeparator: [string]
+ *  }} [options] bytes options.
+ *
+ * @returns {string|number|null}
+ */
+
+function bytes(value, options) {
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    return parse(value);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return format(value, options);
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format the given value in bytes into a string.
+ *
+ * If the value is negative, it is kept as such. If it is a float,
+ * it is rounded.
+ *
+ * @param {number} value
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {number} [options.decimalPlaces=2]
+ * @param {number} [options.fixedDecimals=false]
+ * @param {string} [options.thousandsSeparator=]
+ * @param {string} [options.unit=]
+ * @param {string} [options.unitSeparator=]
+ *
+ * @returns {string|null}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function format(value, options) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  var mag = Math.abs(value);
+  var thousandsSeparator = (options && options.thousandsSeparator) || '';
+  var unitSeparator = (options && options.unitSeparator) || '';
+  var decimalPlaces = (options && options.decimalPlaces !== undefined) ? options.decimalPlaces : 2;
+  var fixedDecimals = Boolean(options && options.fixedDecimals);
+  var unit = (options && options.unit) || '';
+
+  if (!unit || !map[unit.toLowerCase()]) {
+    if (mag >= map.pb) {
+      unit = 'PB';
+    } else if (mag >= map.tb) {
+      unit = 'TB';
+    } else if (mag >= map.gb) {
+      unit = 'GB';
+    } else if (mag >= map.mb) {
+      unit = 'MB';
+    } else if (mag >= map.kb) {
+      unit = 'KB';
+    } else {
+      unit = 'B';
+    }
+  }
+
+  var val = value / map[unit.toLowerCase()];
+  var str = val.toFixed(decimalPlaces);
+
+  if (!fixedDecimals) {
+    str = str.replace(formatDecimalsRegExp, '$1');
+  }
+
+  if (thousandsSeparator) {
+    str = str.replace(formatThousandsRegExp, thousandsSeparator);
+  }
+
+  return str + unitSeparator + unit;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the string value into an integer in bytes.
+ *
+ * If no unit is given, it is assumed the value is in bytes.
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} val
+ *
+ * @returns {number|null}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function parse(val) {
+  if (typeof val === 'number' && !isNaN(val)) {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof val !== 'string') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Test if the string passed is valid
+  var results = parseRegExp.exec(val);
+  var floatValue;
+  var unit = 'b';
+
+  if (!results) {
+    // Nothing could be extracted from the given string
+    floatValue = parseInt(val, 10);
+    unit = 'b'
+  } else {
+    // Retrieve the value and the unit
+    floatValue = parseFloat(results[1]);
+    unit = results[4].toLowerCase();
+  }
+
+  return Math.floor(map[unit] * floatValue);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/bytes/package.json b/backend/node_modules/bytes/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9e5f6188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/bytes/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "_from": "bytes@3.1.0",
+  "_id": "bytes@3.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-zauLjrfCG+xvoyaqLoV8bLVXXNGC4JqlxFCutSDWA6fJrTo2ZuvLYTqZ7aHBLZSMOopbzwv8f+wZcVzfVTI2Dg==",
+  "_location": "/bytes",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "bytes@3.1.0",
+    "name": "bytes",
+    "escapedName": "bytes",
+    "rawSpec": "3.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "3.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/raw-body"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bytes/-/bytes-3.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f6cf7933a360e0588fa9fde85651cdc7f805d1f6",
+  "_spec": "bytes@3.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\body-parser",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca",
+    "url": "http://tjholowaychuk.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/bytes.js/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Jed Watson",
+      "email": "jed.watson@me.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Théo FIDRY",
+      "email": "theo.fidry@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Utility to parse a string bytes to bytes and vice-versa",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.12.1",
+    "mocha": "5.2.0",
+    "nyc": "13.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "History.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "Readme.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/bytes.js#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "byte",
+    "bytes",
+    "utility",
+    "parse",
+    "parser",
+    "convert",
+    "converter"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "bytes",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/visionmedia/bytes.js.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --check-leaks --reporter spec",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "3.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/chownr/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/chownr/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/chownr/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/chownr/README.md b/backend/node_modules/chownr/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70e9a54a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/chownr/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Like `chown -R`.
+
+Takes the same arguments as `fs.chown()`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/chownr/chownr.js b/backend/node_modules/chownr/chownr.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d4093216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/chownr/chownr.js
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+'use strict'
+const fs = require('fs')
+const path = require('path')
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const LCHOWN = fs.lchown ? 'lchown' : 'chown'
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const LCHOWNSYNC = fs.lchownSync ? 'lchownSync' : 'chownSync'
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const needEISDIRHandled = fs.lchown &&
+  !process.version.match(/v1[1-9]+\./) &&
+  !process.version.match(/v10\.[6-9]/)
+
+const lchownSync = (path, uid, gid) => {
+  try {
+    return fs[LCHOWNSYNC](path, uid, gid)
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code !== 'ENOENT')
+      throw er
+  }
+}
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const chownSync = (path, uid, gid) => {
+  try {
+    return fs.chownSync(path, uid, gid)
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code !== 'ENOENT')
+      throw er
+  }
+}
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const handleEISDIR =
+  needEISDIRHandled ? (path, uid, gid, cb) => er => {
+    // Node prior to v10 had a very questionable implementation of
+    // fs.lchown, which would always try to call fs.open on a directory
+    // Fall back to fs.chown in those cases.
+    if (!er || er.code !== 'EISDIR')
+      cb(er)
+    else
+      fs.chown(path, uid, gid, cb)
+  }
+  : (_, __, ___, cb) => cb
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const handleEISDirSync =
+  needEISDIRHandled ? (path, uid, gid) => {
+    try {
+      return lchownSync(path, uid, gid)
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er.code !== 'EISDIR')
+        throw er
+      chownSync(path, uid, gid)
+    }
+  }
+  : (path, uid, gid) => lchownSync(path, uid, gid)
+
+// fs.readdir could only accept an options object as of node v6
+const nodeVersion = process.version
+let readdir = (path, options, cb) => fs.readdir(path, options, cb)
+let readdirSync = (path, options) => fs.readdirSync(path, options)
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (/^v4\./.test(nodeVersion))
+  readdir = (path, options, cb) => fs.readdir(path, cb)
+
+const chown = (cpath, uid, gid, cb) => {
+  fs[LCHOWN](cpath, uid, gid, handleEISDIR(cpath, uid, gid, er => {
+    // Skip ENOENT error
+    cb(er && er.code !== 'ENOENT' ? er : null)
+  }))
+}
+
+const chownrKid = (p, child, uid, gid, cb) => {
+  if (typeof child === 'string')
+    return fs.lstat(path.resolve(p, child), (er, stats) => {
+      // Skip ENOENT error
+      if (er)
+        return cb(er.code !== 'ENOENT' ? er : null)
+      stats.name = child
+      chownrKid(p, stats, uid, gid, cb)
+    })
+
+  if (child.isDirectory()) {
+    chownr(path.resolve(p, child.name), uid, gid, er => {
+      if (er)
+        return cb(er)
+      const cpath = path.resolve(p, child.name)
+      chown(cpath, uid, gid, cb)
+    })
+  } else {
+    const cpath = path.resolve(p, child.name)
+    chown(cpath, uid, gid, cb)
+  }
+}
+
+
+const chownr = (p, uid, gid, cb) => {
+  readdir(p, { withFileTypes: true }, (er, children) => {
+    // any error other than ENOTDIR or ENOTSUP means it's not readable,
+    // or doesn't exist.  give up.
+    if (er) {
+      if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+        return cb()
+      else if (er.code !== 'ENOTDIR' && er.code !== 'ENOTSUP')
+        return cb(er)
+    }
+    if (er || !children.length)
+      return chown(p, uid, gid, cb)
+
+    let len = children.length
+    let errState = null
+    const then = er => {
+      if (errState)
+        return
+      if (er)
+        return cb(errState = er)
+      if (-- len === 0)
+        return chown(p, uid, gid, cb)
+    }
+
+    children.forEach(child => chownrKid(p, child, uid, gid, then))
+  })
+}
+
+const chownrKidSync = (p, child, uid, gid) => {
+  if (typeof child === 'string') {
+    try {
+      const stats = fs.lstatSync(path.resolve(p, child))
+      stats.name = child
+      child = stats
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+        return
+      else
+        throw er
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (child.isDirectory())
+    chownrSync(path.resolve(p, child.name), uid, gid)
+
+  handleEISDirSync(path.resolve(p, child.name), uid, gid)
+}
+
+const chownrSync = (p, uid, gid) => {
+  let children
+  try {
+    children = readdirSync(p, { withFileTypes: true })
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return
+    else if (er.code === 'ENOTDIR' || er.code === 'ENOTSUP')
+      return handleEISDirSync(p, uid, gid)
+    else
+      throw er
+  }
+
+  if (children && children.length)
+    children.forEach(child => chownrKidSync(p, child, uid, gid))
+
+  return handleEISDirSync(p, uid, gid)
+}
+
+module.exports = chownr
+chownr.sync = chownrSync
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/chownr/package.json b/backend/node_modules/chownr/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea578c1a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/chownr/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "_from": "chownr@^2.0.0",
+  "_id": "chownr@2.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-bIomtDF5KGpdogkLd9VspvFzk9KfpyyGlS8YFVZl7TGPBHL5snIOnxeshwVgPteQ9b4Eydl+pVbIyE1DcvCWgQ==",
+  "_location": "/chownr",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "chownr@^2.0.0",
+    "name": "chownr",
+    "escapedName": "chownr",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/tar"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chownr/-/chownr-2.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "15bfbe53d2eab4cf70f18a8cd68ebe5b3cb1dece",
+  "_spec": "chownr@^2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\tar",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/chownr/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "like `chown -R`",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mkdirp": "0.3",
+    "rimraf": "^2.7.1",
+    "tap": "^14.10.6"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "chownr.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/chownr#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "chownr.js",
+  "name": "chownr",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/chownr.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "prepublishOnly": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/index.js b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0432fe6a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* eslint-disable babel/new-cap, xo/throw-new-error */
+'use strict';
+module.exports = function (str, pos) {
+	if (str === null || str === undefined) {
+		throw TypeError();
+	}
+
+	str = String(str);
+
+	var size = str.length;
+	var i = pos ? Number(pos) : 0;
+
+	if (Number.isNaN(i)) {
+		i = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (i < 0 || i >= size) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	var first = str.charCodeAt(i);
+
+	if (first >= 0xD800 && first <= 0xDBFF && size > i + 1) {
+		var second = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
+
+		if (second >= 0xDC00 && second <= 0xDFFF) {
+			return ((first - 0xD800) * 0x400) + second - 0xDC00 + 0x10000;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return first;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/license b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/package.json b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d5885054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "code-point-at@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "code-point-at@1.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-DQcLTQQ6W+ozovGkDi7bPZpMz3c=",
+  "_location": "/code-point-at",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "code-point-at@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "code-point-at",
+    "escapedName": "code-point-at",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/string-width"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/code-point-at/-/code-point-at-1.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "0d070b4d043a5bea33a2f1a40e2edb3d9a4ccf77",
+  "_spec": "code-point-at@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\string-width",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/code-point-at/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "ES2015 `String#codePointAt()` ponyfill",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "*",
+    "xo": "^0.16.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/code-point-at#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "es2015",
+    "ponyfill",
+    "polyfill",
+    "shim",
+    "string",
+    "str",
+    "code",
+    "point",
+    "at",
+    "codepoint",
+    "unicode"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "code-point-at",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/code-point-at.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "xo && ava"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c97730e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/code-point-at/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# code-point-at [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/code-point-at.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/code-point-at)
+
+> ES2015 [`String#codePointAt()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/codePointAt) [ponyfill](https://ponyfill.com)
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save code-point-at
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var codePointAt = require('code-point-at');
+
+codePointAt('🐴');
+//=> 128052
+
+codePointAt('abc', 2);
+//=> 99
+```
+
+## API
+
+### codePointAt(input, [position])
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](https://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1d0f13c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - 0.4
+  - 0.6
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee27ba4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+This software is released under the MIT license:
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/README.markdown b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/README.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..408f70a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/README.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+concat-map
+==========
+
+Concatenative mapdashery.
+
+[![browser support](http://ci.testling.com/substack/node-concat-map.png)](http://ci.testling.com/substack/node-concat-map)
+
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/substack/node-concat-map.png)](http://travis-ci.org/substack/node-concat-map)
+
+example
+=======
+
+``` js
+var concatMap = require('concat-map');
+var xs = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ];
+var ys = concatMap(xs, function (x) {
+    return x % 2 ? [ x - 0.1, x, x + 0.1 ] : [];
+});
+console.dir(ys);
+```
+
+***
+
+```
+[ 0.9, 1, 1.1, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 4.9, 5, 5.1 ]
+```
+
+methods
+=======
+
+``` js
+var concatMap = require('concat-map')
+```
+
+concatMap(xs, fn)
+-----------------
+
+Return an array of concatenated elements by calling `fn(x, i)` for each element
+`x` and each index `i` in the array `xs`.
+
+When `fn(x, i)` returns an array, its result will be concatenated with the
+result array. If `fn(x, i)` returns anything else, that value will be pushed
+onto the end of the result array.
+
+install
+=======
+
+With [npm](http://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```
+npm install concat-map
+```
+
+license
+=======
+
+MIT
+
+notes
+=====
+
+This module was written while sitting high above the ground in a tree.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/example/map.js b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/example/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33656217b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/example/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+var concatMap = require('../');
+var xs = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ];
+var ys = concatMap(xs, function (x) {
+    return x % 2 ? [ x - 0.1, x, x + 0.1 ] : [];
+});
+console.dir(ys);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/index.js b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b29a7812e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module.exports = function (xs, fn) {
+    var res = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
+        var x = fn(xs[i], i);
+        if (isArray(x)) res.push.apply(res, x);
+        else res.push(x);
+    }
+    return res;
+};
+
+var isArray = Array.isArray || function (xs) {
+    return Object.prototype.toString.call(xs) === '[object Array]';
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/package.json b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e0df8dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+  "_from": "concat-map@0.0.1",
+  "_id": "concat-map@0.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-2Klr13/Wjfd5OnMDajug1UBdR3s=",
+  "_location": "/concat-map",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "concat-map@0.0.1",
+    "name": "concat-map",
+    "escapedName": "concat-map",
+    "rawSpec": "0.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/brace-expansion"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/concat-map/-/concat-map-0.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d8a96bd77fd68df7793a73036a3ba0d5405d477b",
+  "_spec": "concat-map@0.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\brace-expansion",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "James Halliday",
+    "email": "mail@substack.net",
+    "url": "http://substack.net"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/substack/node-concat-map/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "concatenative mapdashery",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tape": "~2.4.0"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "example": "example",
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/substack/node-concat-map#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "concat",
+    "concatMap",
+    "map",
+    "functional",
+    "higher-order"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "concat-map",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/substack/node-concat-map.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tape test/*.js"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test/*.js",
+    "browsers": {
+      "ie": [
+        6,
+        7,
+        8,
+        9
+      ],
+      "ff": [
+        3.5,
+        10,
+        15
+      ],
+      "chrome": [
+        10,
+        22
+      ],
+      "safari": [
+        5.1
+      ],
+      "opera": [
+        12
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "version": "0.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-map/test/map.js b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/test/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdbd7022f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-map/test/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+var concatMap = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('empty or not', function (t) {
+    var xs = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ];
+    var ixes = [];
+    var ys = concatMap(xs, function (x, ix) {
+        ixes.push(ix);
+        return x % 2 ? [ x - 0.1, x, x + 0.1 ] : [];
+    });
+    t.same(ys, [ 0.9, 1, 1.1, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 4.9, 5, 5.1 ]);
+    t.same(ixes, [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('always something', function (t) {
+    var xs = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ];
+    var ys = concatMap(xs, function (x) {
+        return x === 'b' ? [ 'B', 'B', 'B' ] : [ x ];
+    });
+    t.same(ys, [ 'a', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'c', 'd' ]);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('scalars', function (t) {
+    var xs = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ];
+    var ys = concatMap(xs, function (x) {
+        return x === 'b' ? [ 'B', 'B', 'B' ] : x;
+    });
+    t.same(ys, [ 'a', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'c', 'd' ]);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('undefs', function (t) {
+    var xs = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ];
+    var ys = concatMap(xs, function () {});
+    t.same(ys, [ undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined ]);
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99c130e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Max Ogden
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, 
+to any person obtaining a copy of this software and 
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to 
+deal in the Software without restriction, including 
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, 
+merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom 
+the Software is furnished to do so, 
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice 
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES 
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR 
+ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, 
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/index.js b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd672a761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+var Writable = require('readable-stream').Writable
+var inherits = require('inherits')
+var bufferFrom = require('buffer-from')
+
+if (typeof Uint8Array === 'undefined') {
+  var U8 = require('typedarray').Uint8Array
+} else {
+  var U8 = Uint8Array
+}
+
+function ConcatStream(opts, cb) {
+  if (!(this instanceof ConcatStream)) return new ConcatStream(opts, cb)
+
+  if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+    cb = opts
+    opts = {}
+  }
+  if (!opts) opts = {}
+
+  var encoding = opts.encoding
+  var shouldInferEncoding = false
+
+  if (!encoding) {
+    shouldInferEncoding = true
+  } else {
+    encoding =  String(encoding).toLowerCase()
+    if (encoding === 'u8' || encoding === 'uint8') {
+      encoding = 'uint8array'
+    }
+  }
+
+  Writable.call(this, { objectMode: true })
+
+  this.encoding = encoding
+  this.shouldInferEncoding = shouldInferEncoding
+
+  if (cb) this.on('finish', function () { cb(this.getBody()) })
+  this.body = []
+}
+
+module.exports = ConcatStream
+inherits(ConcatStream, Writable)
+
+ConcatStream.prototype._write = function(chunk, enc, next) {
+  this.body.push(chunk)
+  next()
+}
+
+ConcatStream.prototype.inferEncoding = function (buff) {
+  var firstBuffer = buff === undefined ? this.body[0] : buff;
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(firstBuffer)) return 'buffer'
+  if (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' && firstBuffer instanceof Uint8Array) return 'uint8array'
+  if (Array.isArray(firstBuffer)) return 'array'
+  if (typeof firstBuffer === 'string') return 'string'
+  if (Object.prototype.toString.call(firstBuffer) === "[object Object]") return 'object'
+  return 'buffer'
+}
+
+ConcatStream.prototype.getBody = function () {
+  if (!this.encoding && this.body.length === 0) return []
+  if (this.shouldInferEncoding) this.encoding = this.inferEncoding()
+  if (this.encoding === 'array') return arrayConcat(this.body)
+  if (this.encoding === 'string') return stringConcat(this.body)
+  if (this.encoding === 'buffer') return bufferConcat(this.body)
+  if (this.encoding === 'uint8array') return u8Concat(this.body)
+  return this.body
+}
+
+var isArray = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]'
+}
+
+function isArrayish (arr) {
+  return /Array\]$/.test(Object.prototype.toString.call(arr))
+}
+
+function isBufferish (p) {
+  return typeof p === 'string' || isArrayish(p) || (p && typeof p.subarray === 'function')
+}
+
+function stringConcat (parts) {
+  var strings = []
+  var needsToString = false
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    var p = parts[i]
+    if (typeof p === 'string') {
+      strings.push(p)
+    } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(p)) {
+      strings.push(p)
+    } else if (isBufferish(p)) {
+      strings.push(bufferFrom(p))
+    } else {
+      strings.push(bufferFrom(String(p)))
+    }
+  }
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(parts[0])) {
+    strings = Buffer.concat(strings)
+    strings = strings.toString('utf8')
+  } else {
+    strings = strings.join('')
+  }
+  return strings
+}
+
+function bufferConcat (parts) {
+  var bufs = []
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    var p = parts[i]
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(p)) {
+      bufs.push(p)
+    } else if (isBufferish(p)) {
+      bufs.push(bufferFrom(p))
+    } else {
+      bufs.push(bufferFrom(String(p)))
+    }
+  }
+  return Buffer.concat(bufs)
+}
+
+function arrayConcat (parts) {
+  var res = []
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    res.push.apply(res, parts[i])
+  }
+  return res
+}
+
+function u8Concat (parts) {
+  var len = 0
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    if (typeof parts[i] === 'string') {
+      parts[i] = bufferFrom(parts[i])
+    }
+    len += parts[i].length
+  }
+  var u8 = new U8(len)
+  for (var i = 0, offset = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    var part = parts[i]
+    for (var j = 0; j < part.length; j++) {
+      u8[offset++] = part[j]
+    }
+  }
+  return u8
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/package.json b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f6ee43d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "_from": "concat-stream@^1.5.2",
+  "_id": "concat-stream@1.6.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-27HBghJxjiZtIk3Ycvn/4kbJk/1uZuJFfuPEns6LaEvpvG1f0hTea8lilrouyo9mVc2GWdcEZ8OLoGmSADlrCw==",
+  "_location": "/concat-stream",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "concat-stream@^1.5.2",
+    "name": "concat-stream",
+    "escapedName": "concat-stream",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.5.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.5.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/multer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/concat-stream/-/concat-stream-1.6.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "904bdf194cd3122fc675c77fc4ac3d4ff0fd1a34",
+  "_spec": "concat-stream@^1.5.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\multer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Max Ogden",
+    "email": "max@maxogden.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "http://github.com/maxogden/concat-stream/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "buffer-from": "^1.0.0",
+    "inherits": "^2.0.3",
+    "readable-stream": "^2.2.2",
+    "typedarray": "^0.0.6"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "writable stream that concatenates strings or binary data and calls a callback with the result",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tape": "^4.6.3"
+  },
+  "engines": [
+    "node >= 0.8"
+  ],
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/maxogden/concat-stream#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "concat-stream",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/maxogden/concat-stream.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tape test/*.js test/server/*.js"
+  },
+  "tags": [
+    "stream",
+    "simple",
+    "util",
+    "utility"
+  ],
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test/*.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/8..latest",
+      "firefox/17..latest",
+      "firefox/nightly",
+      "chrome/22..latest",
+      "chrome/canary",
+      "opera/12..latest",
+      "opera/next",
+      "safari/5.1..latest",
+      "ipad/6.0..latest",
+      "iphone/6.0..latest",
+      "android-browser/4.2..latest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "1.6.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7aa19c4fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/concat-stream/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# concat-stream
+
+Writable stream that concatenates all the data from a stream and calls a callback with the result. Use this when you want to collect all the data from a stream into a single buffer.
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/maxogden/concat-stream.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/maxogden/concat-stream)
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/concat-stream.png)](https://nodei.co/npm/concat-stream/)
+
+### description
+
+Streams emit many buffers. If you want to collect all of the buffers, and when the stream ends concatenate all of the buffers together and receive a single buffer then this is the module for you.
+
+Only use this if you know you can fit all of the output of your stream into a single Buffer (e.g. in RAM).
+
+There are also `objectMode` streams that emit things other than Buffers, and you can concatenate these too. See below for details.
+
+## Related
+
+`concat-stream` is part of the [mississippi stream utility collection](https://github.com/maxogden/mississippi) which includes more useful stream modules similar to this one.
+
+### examples
+
+#### Buffers
+
+```js
+var fs = require('fs')
+var concat = require('concat-stream')
+
+var readStream = fs.createReadStream('cat.png')
+var concatStream = concat(gotPicture)
+
+readStream.on('error', handleError)
+readStream.pipe(concatStream)
+
+function gotPicture(imageBuffer) {
+  // imageBuffer is all of `cat.png` as a node.js Buffer
+}
+
+function handleError(err) {
+  // handle your error appropriately here, e.g.:
+  console.error(err) // print the error to STDERR
+  process.exit(1) // exit program with non-zero exit code
+}
+
+```
+
+#### Arrays
+
+```js
+var write = concat(function(data) {})
+write.write([1,2,3])
+write.write([4,5,6])
+write.end()
+// data will be [1,2,3,4,5,6] in the above callback
+```
+
+#### Uint8Arrays
+
+```js
+var write = concat(function(data) {})
+var a = new Uint8Array(3)
+a[0] = 97; a[1] = 98; a[2] = 99
+write.write(a)
+write.write('!')
+write.end(Buffer.from('!!1'))
+```
+
+See `test/` for more examples
+
+# methods
+
+```js
+var concat = require('concat-stream')
+```
+
+## var writable = concat(opts={}, cb)
+
+Return a `writable` stream that will fire `cb(data)` with all of the data that
+was written to the stream. Data can be written to `writable` as strings,
+Buffers, arrays of byte integers, and Uint8Arrays. 
+
+By default `concat-stream` will give you back the same data type as the type of the first buffer written to the stream. Use `opts.encoding` to set what format `data` should be returned as, e.g. if you if you don't want to rely on the built-in type checking or for some other reason.
+
+* `string` - get a string
+* `buffer` - get back a Buffer
+* `array` - get an array of byte integers
+* `uint8array`, `u8`, `uint8` - get back a Uint8Array
+* `object`, get back an array of Objects
+
+If you don't specify an encoding, and the types can't be inferred (e.g. you write things that aren't in the list above), it will try to convert concat them into a `Buffer`.
+
+If nothing is written to `writable` then `data` will be an empty array `[]`.
+
+# error handling
+
+`concat-stream` does not handle errors for you, so you must handle errors on whatever streams you pipe into `concat-stream`. This is a general rule when programming with node.js streams: always handle errors on each and every stream. Since `concat-stream` is not itself a stream it does not emit errors.
+
+We recommend using [`end-of-stream`](https://npmjs.org/end-of-stream) or [`pump`](https://npmjs.org/pump) for writing error tolerant stream code.
+
+# license
+
+MIT LICENSE
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e75605296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, Rebecca Turner <me@re-becca.org>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/README.md b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f58cc8d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Console Control Strings
+
+A library of cross-platform tested terminal/console command strings for
+doing things like color and cursor positioning.  This is a subset of both
+ansi and vt100.  All control codes included work on both Windows & Unix-like
+OSes, except where noted.
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var consoleControl = require('console-control-strings')
+
+console.log(consoleControl.color('blue','bgRed', 'bold') + 'hi there' + consoleControl.color('reset'))
+process.stdout.write(consoleControl.goto(75, 10))
+```
+
+## Why Another?
+
+There are tons of libraries similar to this one.  I wanted one that was:
+
+1. Very clear about compatibility goals.
+2. Could emit, for instance, a start color code without an end one.
+3. Returned strings w/o writing to streams.
+4. Was not weighed down with other unrelated baggage.
+
+## Functions
+
+### var code = consoleControl.up(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines up.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.down(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines down.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.forward(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines righ.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.back(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines left.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.nextLine(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines down and to the beginning of
+the line.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.previousLine(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines up and to the beginning of
+the line.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.eraseData()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to erase everything from the current cursor
+position to the bottom right of the screen.  This is line based, so it
+erases the remainder of the current line and all following lines.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.eraseLine()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to erase to the end of the current line.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.goto(_x_, _y_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move the cursor to the designated position. 
+Note that the origin is _1, 1_ not _0, 0_.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.gotoSOL()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move the cursor to the beginning of the
+current line. (That is, it returns a carriage return, `\r`.)
+
+### var code = consoleControl.beep()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to cause the termianl to beep.  (That is, it
+returns unicode character `\x0007`, a Control-G.)
+
+### var code = consoleControl.hideCursor()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to hide the cursor.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.showCursor()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to show the cursor.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.color(_colors = []_)
+
+### var code = consoleControl.color(_color1_, _color2_, _…_, _colorn_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to set the current terminal display attributes
+(mostly colors).  Arguments can either be a list of attributes or an array
+of attributes.  The difference between passing in an array or list of colors
+and calling `.color` separately for each one, is that in the former case a
+single escape sequence will be produced where as in the latter each change
+will have its own distinct escape sequence.  Each attribute can be one of:
+
+* Reset:
+  * **reset** – Reset all attributes to the terminal default.
+* Styles:
+  * **bold** – Display text as bold.  In some terminals this means using a
+    bold font, in others this means changing the color.  In some it means
+    both.
+  * **italic** – Display text as italic. This is not available in most Windows terminals.
+  * **underline** – Underline text. This is not available in most Windows Terminals.
+  * **inverse** – Invert the foreground and background colors.
+  * **stopBold** – Do not display text as bold.
+  * **stopItalic** – Do not display text as italic.
+  * **stopUnderline** – Do not underline text.
+  * **stopInverse** – Do not invert foreground and background.
+* Colors:
+  * **white**
+  * **black**
+  * **blue**
+  * **cyan**
+  * **green**
+  * **magenta**
+  * **red**
+  * **yellow**
+  * **grey** / **brightBlack**
+  * **brightRed**
+  * **brightGreen**
+  * **brightYellow**
+  * **brightBlue**
+  * **brightMagenta**
+  * **brightCyan**
+  * **brightWhite**
+* Background Colors:
+  * **bgWhite**
+  * **bgBlack**
+  * **bgBlue**
+  * **bgCyan**
+  * **bgGreen**
+  * **bgMagenta**
+  * **bgRed**
+  * **bgYellow**
+  * **bgGrey** / **bgBrightBlack**
+  * **bgBrightRed**
+  * **bgBrightGreen**
+  * **bgBrightYellow**
+  * **bgBrightBlue**
+  * **bgBrightMagenta**
+  * **bgBrightCyan**
+  * **bgBrightWhite**
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/README.md~ b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/README.md~
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6eb34e89d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/README.md~
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Console Control Strings
+
+A library of cross-platform tested terminal/console command strings for
+doing things like color and cursor positioning.  This is a subset of both
+ansi and vt100.  All control codes included work on both Windows & Unix-like
+OSes, except where noted.
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var consoleControl = require('console-control-strings')
+
+console.log(consoleControl.color('blue','bgRed', 'bold') + 'hi there' + consoleControl.color('reset'))
+process.stdout.write(consoleControl.goto(75, 10))
+```
+
+## Why Another?
+
+There are tons of libraries similar to this one.  I wanted one that was:
+
+1. Very clear about compatibility goals.
+2. Could emit, for instance, a start color code without an end one.
+3. Returned strings w/o writing to streams.
+4. Was not weighed down with other unrelated baggage.
+
+## Functions
+
+### var code = consoleControl.up(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines up.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.down(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines down.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.forward(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines righ.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.back(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines left.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.nextLine(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines down and to the beginning of
+the line.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.previousLine(_num = 1_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move _num_ lines up and to the beginning of
+the line.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.eraseData()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to erase everything from the current cursor
+position to the bottom right of the screen.  This is line based, so it
+erases the remainder of the current line and all following lines.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.eraseLine()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to erase to the end of the current line.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.goto(_x_, _y_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move the cursor to the designated position. 
+Note that the origin is _1, 1_ not _0, 0_.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.gotoSOL()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to move the cursor to the beginning of the
+current line. (That is, it returns a carriage return, `\r`.)
+
+### var code = consoleControl.hideCursor()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to hide the cursor.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.showCursor()
+
+Returns the escape sequence to show the cursor.
+
+### var code = consoleControl.color(_colors = []_)
+
+### var code = consoleControl.color(_color1_, _color2_, _…_, _colorn_)
+
+Returns the escape sequence to set the current terminal display attributes
+(mostly colors).  Arguments can either be a list of attributes or an array
+of attributes.  The difference between passing in an array or list of colors
+and calling `.color` separately for each one, is that in the former case a
+single escape sequence will be produced where as in the latter each change
+will have its own distinct escape sequence.  Each attribute can be one of:
+
+* Reset:
+  * **reset** – Reset all attributes to the terminal default.
+* Styles:
+  * **bold** – Display text as bold.  In some terminals this means using a
+    bold font, in others this means changing the color.  In some it means
+    both.
+  * **italic** – Display text as italic. This is not available in most Windows terminals.
+  * **underline** – Underline text. This is not available in most Windows Terminals.
+  * **inverse** – Invert the foreground and background colors.
+  * **stopBold** – Do not display text as bold.
+  * **stopItalic** – Do not display text as italic.
+  * **stopUnderline** – Do not underline text.
+  * **stopInverse** – Do not invert foreground and background.
+* Colors:
+  * **white**
+  * **black**
+  * **blue**
+  * **cyan**
+  * **green**
+  * **magenta**
+  * **red**
+  * **yellow**
+  * **grey** / **brightBlack**
+  * **brightRed**
+  * **brightGreen**
+  * **brightYellow**
+  * **brightBlue**
+  * **brightMagenta**
+  * **brightCyan**
+  * **brightWhite**
+* Background Colors:
+  * **bgWhite**
+  * **bgBlack**
+  * **bgBlue**
+  * **bgCyan**
+  * **bgGreen**
+  * **bgMagenta**
+  * **bgRed**
+  * **bgYellow**
+  * **bgGrey** / **bgBrightBlack**
+  * **bgBrightRed**
+  * **bgBrightGreen**
+  * **bgBrightYellow**
+  * **bgBrightBlue**
+  * **bgBrightMagenta**
+  * **bgBrightCyan**
+  * **bgBrightWhite**
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/index.js b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf890348e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// These tables borrowed from `ansi`
+
+var prefix = '\x1b['
+
+exports.up = function up (num) {
+  return prefix + (num || '') + 'A'
+}
+
+exports.down = function down (num) {
+  return prefix + (num || '') + 'B'
+}
+
+exports.forward = function forward (num) {
+  return prefix + (num || '') + 'C'
+}
+
+exports.back = function back (num) {
+  return prefix + (num || '') + 'D'
+}
+
+exports.nextLine = function nextLine (num) {
+  return prefix + (num || '') + 'E'
+}
+
+exports.previousLine = function previousLine (num) {
+  return prefix + (num || '') + 'F'
+}
+
+exports.horizontalAbsolute = function horizontalAbsolute (num) {
+  if (num == null) throw new Error('horizontalAboslute requires a column to position to')
+  return prefix + num + 'G'
+}
+
+exports.eraseData = function eraseData () {
+  return prefix + 'J'
+}
+
+exports.eraseLine = function eraseLine () {
+  return prefix + 'K'
+}
+
+exports.goto = function (x, y) {
+  return prefix + y + ';' + x + 'H'
+}
+
+exports.gotoSOL = function () {
+  return '\r'
+}
+
+exports.beep = function () {
+  return '\x07'
+}
+
+exports.hideCursor = function hideCursor () {
+  return prefix + '?25l'
+}
+
+exports.showCursor = function showCursor () {
+  return prefix + '?25h'
+}
+
+var colors = {
+  reset: 0,
+// styles
+  bold: 1,
+  italic: 3,
+  underline: 4,
+  inverse: 7,
+// resets
+  stopBold: 22,
+  stopItalic: 23,
+  stopUnderline: 24,
+  stopInverse: 27,
+// colors
+  white: 37,
+  black: 30,
+  blue: 34,
+  cyan: 36,
+  green: 32,
+  magenta: 35,
+  red: 31,
+  yellow: 33,
+  bgWhite: 47,
+  bgBlack: 40,
+  bgBlue: 44,
+  bgCyan: 46,
+  bgGreen: 42,
+  bgMagenta: 45,
+  bgRed: 41,
+  bgYellow: 43,
+
+  grey: 90,
+  brightBlack: 90,
+  brightRed: 91,
+  brightGreen: 92,
+  brightYellow: 93,
+  brightBlue: 94,
+  brightMagenta: 95,
+  brightCyan: 96,
+  brightWhite: 97,
+
+  bgGrey: 100,
+  bgBrightBlack: 100,
+  bgBrightRed: 101,
+  bgBrightGreen: 102,
+  bgBrightYellow: 103,
+  bgBrightBlue: 104,
+  bgBrightMagenta: 105,
+  bgBrightCyan: 106,
+  bgBrightWhite: 107
+}
+
+exports.color = function color (colorWith) {
+  if (arguments.length !== 1 || !Array.isArray(colorWith)) {
+    colorWith = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)
+  }
+  return prefix + colorWith.map(colorNameToCode).join(';') + 'm'
+}
+
+function colorNameToCode (color) {
+  if (colors[color] != null) return colors[color]
+  throw new Error('Unknown color or style name: ' + color)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/package.json b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1b6b18cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/console-control-strings/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "_from": "console-control-strings@~1.1.0",
+  "_id": "console-control-strings@1.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-PXz0Rk22RG6mRL9LOVB/mFEAjo4=",
+  "_location": "/console-control-strings",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "console-control-strings@~1.1.0",
+    "name": "console-control-strings",
+    "escapedName": "console-control-strings",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge",
+    "/npmlog"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/console-control-strings/-/console-control-strings-1.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3d7cf4464db6446ea644bf4b39507f9851008e8e",
+  "_spec": "console-control-strings@~1.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\npmlog",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Rebecca Turner",
+    "email": "me@re-becca.org",
+    "url": "http://re-becca.org/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/iarna/console-control-strings/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A library of cross-platform tested terminal/console command strings for doing things like color and cursor positioning.  This is a subset of both ansi and vt100.  All control codes included work on both Windows & Unix-like OSes, except where noted.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^7.1.2",
+    "tap": "^5.7.2"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/iarna/console-control-strings#readme",
+  "keywords": [],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "console-control-strings",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/iarna/console-control-strings.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63a3d08c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+0.5.3 / 2018-12-17
+==================
+
+  * Use `safe-buffer` for improved Buffer API
+
+0.5.2 / 2016-12-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix `parse` to accept any linear whitespace character
+
+0.5.1 / 2016-01-17
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+0.5.0 / 2014-10-11
+==================
+
+  * Add `parse` function
+
+0.4.0 / 2014-09-21
+==================
+
+  * Expand non-Unicode `filename` to the full ISO-8859-1 charset
+
+0.3.0 / 2014-09-20
+==================
+
+  * Add `fallback` option
+  * Add `type` option
+
+0.2.0 / 2014-09-19
+==================
+
+  * Reduce ambiguity of file names with hex escape in buggy browsers
+
+0.1.2 / 2014-09-19
+==================
+
+  * Fix periodic invalid Unicode filename header
+
+0.1.1 / 2014-09-19
+==================
+
+  * Fix invalid characters appearing in `filename*` parameter
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-09-18
+==================
+
+  * Make the `filename` argument optional
+
+0.0.0 / 2014-09-18
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84441fbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/README.md b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eebef13d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# content-disposition
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Create and parse HTTP `Content-Disposition` header
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install content-disposition
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition')
+```
+
+### contentDisposition(filename, options)
+
+Create an attachment `Content-Disposition` header value using the given file name,
+if supplied. The `filename` is optional and if no file name is desired, but you
+want to specify `options`, set `filename` to `undefined`.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', contentDisposition('∫ maths.pdf'))
+```
+
+**note** HTTP headers are of the ISO-8859-1 character set. If you are writing this
+header through a means different from `setHeader` in Node.js, you'll want to specify
+the `'binary'` encoding in Node.js.
+
+#### Options
+
+`contentDisposition` accepts these properties in the options object.
+
+##### fallback
+
+If the `filename` option is outside ISO-8859-1, then the file name is actually
+stored in a supplemental field for clients that support Unicode file names and
+a ISO-8859-1 version of the file name is automatically generated.
+
+This specifies the ISO-8859-1 file name to override the automatic generation or
+disables the generation all together, defaults to `true`.
+
+  - A string will specify the ISO-8859-1 file name to use in place of automatic
+    generation.
+  - `false` will disable including a ISO-8859-1 file name and only include the
+    Unicode version (unless the file name is already ISO-8859-1).
+  - `true` will enable automatic generation if the file name is outside ISO-8859-1.
+
+If the `filename` option is ISO-8859-1 and this option is specified and has a
+different value, then the `filename` option is encoded in the extended field
+and this set as the fallback field, even though they are both ISO-8859-1.
+
+##### type
+
+Specifies the disposition type, defaults to `"attachment"`. This can also be
+`"inline"`, or any other value (all values except inline are treated like
+`attachment`, but can convey additional information if both parties agree to
+it). The type is normalized to lower-case.
+
+### contentDisposition.parse(string)
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var disposition = contentDisposition.parse('attachment; filename="EURO rates.txt"; filename*=UTF-8\'\'%e2%82%ac%20rates.txt')
+```
+
+Parse a `Content-Disposition` header string. This automatically handles extended
+("Unicode") parameters by decoding them and providing them under the standard
+parameter name. This will return an object with the following properties (examples
+are shown for the string `'attachment; filename="EURO rates.txt"; filename*=UTF-8\'\'%e2%82%ac%20rates.txt'`):
+
+ - `type`: The disposition type (always lower case). Example: `'attachment'`
+
+ - `parameters`: An object of the parameters in the disposition (name of parameter
+   always lower case and extended versions replace non-extended versions). Example:
+   `{filename: "€ rates.txt"}`
+
+## Examples
+
+### Send a file for download
+
+```js
+var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition')
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+var fs = require('fs')
+var http = require('http')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+
+var filePath = '/path/to/public/plans.pdf'
+
+http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  // set headers
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/pdf')
+  res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', contentDisposition(filePath))
+
+  // send file
+  var stream = fs.createReadStream(filePath)
+  stream.pipe(res)
+  onFinished(res, function () {
+    destroy(stream)
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1][rfc-2616]
+- [RFC 5987: Character Set and Language Encoding for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Header Field Parameters][rfc-5987]
+- [RFC 6266: Use of the Content-Disposition Header Field in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)][rfc-6266]
+- [Test Cases for HTTP Content-Disposition header field (RFC 6266) and the Encodings defined in RFCs 2047, 2231 and 5987][tc-2231]
+
+[rfc-2616]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616
+[rfc-5987]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987
+[rfc-6266]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6266
+[tc-2231]: http://greenbytes.de/tech/tc2231/
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/content-disposition.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/content-disposition
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/content-disposition.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/content-disposition.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/content-disposition
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/content-disposition.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/content-disposition?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/content-disposition.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/content-disposition
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/index.js b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3092a4dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+/*!
+ * content-disposition
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = contentDisposition
+module.exports.parse = parse
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var basename = require('path').basename
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match non attr-char, *after* encodeURIComponent (i.e. not including "%")
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var ENCODE_URL_ATTR_CHAR_REGEXP = /[\x00-\x20"'()*,/:;<=>?@[\\\]{}\x7f]/g // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match percent encoding escape.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var HEX_ESCAPE_REGEXP = /%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}/
+var HEX_ESCAPE_REPLACE_REGEXP = /%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/g
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match non-latin1 characters.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var NON_LATIN1_REGEXP = /[^\x20-\x7e\xa0-\xff]/g
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match quoted-pair in RFC 2616
+ *
+ * quoted-pair = "\" CHAR
+ * CHAR        = <any US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127)>
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var QESC_REGEXP = /\\([\u0000-\u007f])/g // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match chars that must be quoted-pair in RFC 2616
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var QUOTE_REGEXP = /([\\"])/g
+
+/**
+ * RegExp for various RFC 2616 grammar
+ *
+ * parameter     = token "=" ( token | quoted-string )
+ * token         = 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or separators>
+ * separators    = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@"
+ *               | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
+ *               | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "="
+ *               | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
+ * quoted-string = ( <"> *(qdtext | quoted-pair ) <"> )
+ * qdtext        = <any TEXT except <">>
+ * quoted-pair   = "\" CHAR
+ * CHAR          = <any US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127)>
+ * TEXT          = <any OCTET except CTLs, but including LWS>
+ * LWS           = [CRLF] 1*( SP | HT )
+ * CRLF          = CR LF
+ * CR            = <US-ASCII CR, carriage return (13)>
+ * LF            = <US-ASCII LF, linefeed (10)>
+ * SP            = <US-ASCII SP, space (32)>
+ * HT            = <US-ASCII HT, horizontal-tab (9)>
+ * CTL           = <any US-ASCII control character (octets 0 - 31) and DEL (127)>
+ * OCTET         = <any 8-bit sequence of data>
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var PARAM_REGEXP = /;[\x09\x20]*([!#$%&'*+.0-9A-Z^_`a-z|~-]+)[\x09\x20]*=[\x09\x20]*("(?:[\x20!\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7e\x80-\xff]|\\[\x20-\x7e])*"|[!#$%&'*+.0-9A-Z^_`a-z|~-]+)[\x09\x20]*/g // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+var TEXT_REGEXP = /^[\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]+$/
+var TOKEN_REGEXP = /^[!#$%&'*+.0-9A-Z^_`a-z|~-]+$/
+
+/**
+ * RegExp for various RFC 5987 grammar
+ *
+ * ext-value     = charset  "'" [ language ] "'" value-chars
+ * charset       = "UTF-8" / "ISO-8859-1" / mime-charset
+ * mime-charset  = 1*mime-charsetc
+ * mime-charsetc = ALPHA / DIGIT
+ *               / "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&"
+ *               / "+" / "-" / "^" / "_" / "`"
+ *               / "{" / "}" / "~"
+ * language      = ( 2*3ALPHA [ extlang ] )
+ *               / 4ALPHA
+ *               / 5*8ALPHA
+ * extlang       = *3( "-" 3ALPHA )
+ * value-chars   = *( pct-encoded / attr-char )
+ * pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ * attr-char     = ALPHA / DIGIT
+ *               / "!" / "#" / "$" / "&" / "+" / "-" / "."
+ *               / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var EXT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^([A-Za-z0-9!#$%&+\-^_`{}~]+)'(?:[A-Za-z]{2,3}(?:-[A-Za-z]{3}){0,3}|[A-Za-z]{4,8}|)'((?:%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|[A-Za-z0-9!#$&+.^_`|~-])+)$/
+
+/**
+ * RegExp for various RFC 6266 grammar
+ *
+ * disposition-type = "inline" | "attachment" | disp-ext-type
+ * disp-ext-type    = token
+ * disposition-parm = filename-parm | disp-ext-parm
+ * filename-parm    = "filename" "=" value
+ *                  | "filename*" "=" ext-value
+ * disp-ext-parm    = token "=" value
+ *                  | ext-token "=" ext-value
+ * ext-token        = <the characters in token, followed by "*">
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var DISPOSITION_TYPE_REGEXP = /^([!#$%&'*+.0-9A-Z^_`a-z|~-]+)[\x09\x20]*(?:$|;)/ // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+
+/**
+ * Create an attachment Content-Disposition header.
+ *
+ * @param {string} [filename]
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {string} [options.type=attachment]
+ * @param {string|boolean} [options.fallback=true]
+ * @return {string}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function contentDisposition (filename, options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  // get type
+  var type = opts.type || 'attachment'
+
+  // get parameters
+  var params = createparams(filename, opts.fallback)
+
+  // format into string
+  return format(new ContentDisposition(type, params))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create parameters object from filename and fallback.
+ *
+ * @param {string} [filename]
+ * @param {string|boolean} [fallback=true]
+ * @return {object}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createparams (filename, fallback) {
+  if (filename === undefined) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  var params = {}
+
+  if (typeof filename !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('filename must be a string')
+  }
+
+  // fallback defaults to true
+  if (fallback === undefined) {
+    fallback = true
+  }
+
+  if (typeof fallback !== 'string' && typeof fallback !== 'boolean') {
+    throw new TypeError('fallback must be a string or boolean')
+  }
+
+  if (typeof fallback === 'string' && NON_LATIN1_REGEXP.test(fallback)) {
+    throw new TypeError('fallback must be ISO-8859-1 string')
+  }
+
+  // restrict to file base name
+  var name = basename(filename)
+
+  // determine if name is suitable for quoted string
+  var isQuotedString = TEXT_REGEXP.test(name)
+
+  // generate fallback name
+  var fallbackName = typeof fallback !== 'string'
+    ? fallback && getlatin1(name)
+    : basename(fallback)
+  var hasFallback = typeof fallbackName === 'string' && fallbackName !== name
+
+  // set extended filename parameter
+  if (hasFallback || !isQuotedString || HEX_ESCAPE_REGEXP.test(name)) {
+    params['filename*'] = name
+  }
+
+  // set filename parameter
+  if (isQuotedString || hasFallback) {
+    params.filename = hasFallback
+      ? fallbackName
+      : name
+  }
+
+  return params
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format object to Content-Disposition header.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ * @param {string} obj.type
+ * @param {object} [obj.parameters]
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function format (obj) {
+  var parameters = obj.parameters
+  var type = obj.type
+
+  if (!type || typeof type !== 'string' || !TOKEN_REGEXP.test(type)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid type')
+  }
+
+  // start with normalized type
+  var string = String(type).toLowerCase()
+
+  // append parameters
+  if (parameters && typeof parameters === 'object') {
+    var param
+    var params = Object.keys(parameters).sort()
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+      param = params[i]
+
+      var val = param.substr(-1) === '*'
+        ? ustring(parameters[param])
+        : qstring(parameters[param])
+
+      string += '; ' + param + '=' + val
+    }
+  }
+
+  return string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a RFC 6987 field value (gracefully).
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function decodefield (str) {
+  var match = EXT_VALUE_REGEXP.exec(str)
+
+  if (!match) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid extended field value')
+  }
+
+  var charset = match[1].toLowerCase()
+  var encoded = match[2]
+  var value
+
+  // to binary string
+  var binary = encoded.replace(HEX_ESCAPE_REPLACE_REGEXP, pdecode)
+
+  switch (charset) {
+    case 'iso-8859-1':
+      value = getlatin1(binary)
+      break
+    case 'utf-8':
+      value = Buffer.from(binary, 'binary').toString('utf8')
+      break
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('unsupported charset in extended field')
+  }
+
+  return value
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get ISO-8859-1 version of string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getlatin1 (val) {
+  // simple Unicode -> ISO-8859-1 transformation
+  return String(val).replace(NON_LATIN1_REGEXP, '?')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse Content-Disposition header string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} string
+ * @return {object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function parse (string) {
+  if (!string || typeof string !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument string is required')
+  }
+
+  var match = DISPOSITION_TYPE_REGEXP.exec(string)
+
+  if (!match) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid type format')
+  }
+
+  // normalize type
+  var index = match[0].length
+  var type = match[1].toLowerCase()
+
+  var key
+  var names = []
+  var params = {}
+  var value
+
+  // calculate index to start at
+  index = PARAM_REGEXP.lastIndex = match[0].substr(-1) === ';'
+    ? index - 1
+    : index
+
+  // match parameters
+  while ((match = PARAM_REGEXP.exec(string))) {
+    if (match.index !== index) {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid parameter format')
+    }
+
+    index += match[0].length
+    key = match[1].toLowerCase()
+    value = match[2]
+
+    if (names.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid duplicate parameter')
+    }
+
+    names.push(key)
+
+    if (key.indexOf('*') + 1 === key.length) {
+      // decode extended value
+      key = key.slice(0, -1)
+      value = decodefield(value)
+
+      // overwrite existing value
+      params[key] = value
+      continue
+    }
+
+    if (typeof params[key] === 'string') {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    if (value[0] === '"') {
+      // remove quotes and escapes
+      value = value
+        .substr(1, value.length - 2)
+        .replace(QESC_REGEXP, '$1')
+    }
+
+    params[key] = value
+  }
+
+  if (index !== -1 && index !== string.length) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid parameter format')
+  }
+
+  return new ContentDisposition(type, params)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Percent decode a single character.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @param {string} hex
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function pdecode (str, hex) {
+  return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Percent encode a single character.
+ *
+ * @param {string} char
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function pencode (char) {
+  return '%' + String(char)
+    .charCodeAt(0)
+    .toString(16)
+    .toUpperCase()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Quote a string for HTTP.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function qstring (val) {
+  var str = String(val)
+
+  return '"' + str.replace(QUOTE_REGEXP, '\\$1') + '"'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode a Unicode string for HTTP (RFC 5987).
+ *
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function ustring (val) {
+  var str = String(val)
+
+  // percent encode as UTF-8
+  var encoded = encodeURIComponent(str)
+    .replace(ENCODE_URL_ATTR_CHAR_REGEXP, pencode)
+
+  return 'UTF-8\'\'' + encoded
+}
+
+/**
+ * Class for parsed Content-Disposition header for v8 optimization
+ *
+ * @public
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @param {object} parameters
+ * @constructor
+ */
+
+function ContentDisposition (type, parameters) {
+  this.type = type
+  this.parameters = parameters
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/package.json b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a0f6a931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-disposition/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "_from": "content-disposition@0.5.3",
+  "_id": "content-disposition@0.5.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-ExO0774ikEObIAEV9kDo50o+79VCUdEB6n6lzKgGwupcVeRlhrj3qGAfwq8G6uBJjkqLrhT0qEYFcWng8z1z0g==",
+  "_location": "/content-disposition",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "content-disposition@0.5.3",
+    "name": "content-disposition",
+    "escapedName": "content-disposition",
+    "rawSpec": "0.5.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.5.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/content-disposition/-/content-disposition-0.5.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e130caf7e7279087c5616c2007d0485698984fbd",
+  "_spec": "content-disposition@0.5.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/content-disposition/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Create and parse Content-Disposition header",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "deep-equal": "1.0.1",
+    "eslint": "5.10.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.14.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-rc.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "7.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "5.2.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/content-disposition#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "content-disposition",
+    "http",
+    "rfc6266",
+    "res"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "content-disposition",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/content-disposition.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "0.5.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-type/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/content-type/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f5cb7030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-type/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+1.0.4 / 2017-09-11
+==================
+
+  * perf: skip parameter parsing when no parameters
+
+1.0.3 / 2017-09-10
+==================
+
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.0.2 / 2016-05-09
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.0.1 / 2015-02-13
+==================
+
+  * Improve missing `Content-Type` header error message
+
+1.0.0 / 2015-02-01
+==================
+
+  * Initial implementation, derived from `media-typer@0.3.0`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-type/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/content-type/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34b1a2de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-type/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-type/README.md b/backend/node_modules/content-type/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ed67413c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-type/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# content-type
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Create and parse HTTP Content-Type header according to RFC 7231
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install content-type
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+```
+
+### contentType.parse(string)
+
+```js
+var obj = contentType.parse('image/svg+xml; charset=utf-8')
+```
+
+Parse a content type string. This will return an object with the following
+properties (examples are shown for the string `'image/svg+xml; charset=utf-8'`):
+
+ - `type`: The media type (the type and subtype, always lower case).
+   Example: `'image/svg+xml'`
+
+ - `parameters`: An object of the parameters in the media type (name of parameter
+   always lower case). Example: `{charset: 'utf-8'}`
+
+Throws a `TypeError` if the string is missing or invalid.
+
+### contentType.parse(req)
+
+```js
+var obj = contentType.parse(req)
+```
+
+Parse the `content-type` header from the given `req`. Short-cut for
+`contentType.parse(req.headers['content-type'])`.
+
+Throws a `TypeError` if the `Content-Type` header is missing or invalid.
+
+### contentType.parse(res)
+
+```js
+var obj = contentType.parse(res)
+```
+
+Parse the `content-type` header set on the given `res`. Short-cut for
+`contentType.parse(res.getHeader('content-type'))`.
+
+Throws a `TypeError` if the `Content-Type` header is missing or invalid.
+
+### contentType.format(obj)
+
+```js
+var str = contentType.format({type: 'image/svg+xml'})
+```
+
+Format an object into a content type string. This will return a string of the
+content type for the given object with the following properties (examples are
+shown that produce the string `'image/svg+xml; charset=utf-8'`):
+
+ - `type`: The media type (will be lower-cased). Example: `'image/svg+xml'`
+
+ - `parameters`: An object of the parameters in the media type (name of the
+   parameter will be lower-cased). Example: `{charset: 'utf-8'}`
+
+Throws a `TypeError` if the object contains an invalid type or parameter names.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/content-type.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/content-type
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/content-type.svg
+[node-version-url]: http://nodejs.org/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/content-type/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/content-type
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/content-type/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/content-type
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/content-type.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/content-type
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-type/index.js b/backend/node_modules/content-type/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ce03f208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-type/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/*!
+ * content-type
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match *( ";" parameter ) in RFC 7231 sec 3.1.1.1
+ *
+ * parameter     = token "=" ( token / quoted-string )
+ * token         = 1*tchar
+ * tchar         = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
+ *               / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+ *               / DIGIT / ALPHA
+ *               ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
+ * quoted-string = DQUOTE *( qdtext / quoted-pair ) DQUOTE
+ * qdtext        = HTAB / SP / %x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / obs-text
+ * obs-text      = %x80-FF
+ * quoted-pair   = "\" ( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
+ */
+var PARAM_REGEXP = /; *([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+) *= *("(?:[\u000b\u0020\u0021\u0023-\u005b\u005d-\u007e\u0080-\u00ff]|\\[\u000b\u0020-\u00ff])*"|[!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+) */g
+var TEXT_REGEXP = /^[\u000b\u0020-\u007e\u0080-\u00ff]+$/
+var TOKEN_REGEXP = /^[!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+$/
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match quoted-pair in RFC 7230 sec 3.2.6
+ *
+ * quoted-pair = "\" ( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
+ * obs-text    = %x80-FF
+ */
+var QESC_REGEXP = /\\([\u000b\u0020-\u00ff])/g
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match chars that must be quoted-pair in RFC 7230 sec 3.2.6
+ */
+var QUOTE_REGEXP = /([\\"])/g
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match type in RFC 7231 sec 3.1.1.1
+ *
+ * media-type = type "/" subtype
+ * type       = token
+ * subtype    = token
+ */
+var TYPE_REGEXP = /^[!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+\/[!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+$/
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+exports.format = format
+exports.parse = parse
+
+/**
+ * Format object to media type.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ * @return {string}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function format (obj) {
+  if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument obj is required')
+  }
+
+  var parameters = obj.parameters
+  var type = obj.type
+
+  if (!type || !TYPE_REGEXP.test(type)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid type')
+  }
+
+  var string = type
+
+  // append parameters
+  if (parameters && typeof parameters === 'object') {
+    var param
+    var params = Object.keys(parameters).sort()
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+      param = params[i]
+
+      if (!TOKEN_REGEXP.test(param)) {
+        throw new TypeError('invalid parameter name')
+      }
+
+      string += '; ' + param + '=' + qstring(parameters[param])
+    }
+  }
+
+  return string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse media type to object.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} string
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function parse (string) {
+  if (!string) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument string is required')
+  }
+
+  // support req/res-like objects as argument
+  var header = typeof string === 'object'
+    ? getcontenttype(string)
+    : string
+
+  if (typeof header !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument string is required to be a string')
+  }
+
+  var index = header.indexOf(';')
+  var type = index !== -1
+    ? header.substr(0, index).trim()
+    : header.trim()
+
+  if (!TYPE_REGEXP.test(type)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid media type')
+  }
+
+  var obj = new ContentType(type.toLowerCase())
+
+  // parse parameters
+  if (index !== -1) {
+    var key
+    var match
+    var value
+
+    PARAM_REGEXP.lastIndex = index
+
+    while ((match = PARAM_REGEXP.exec(header))) {
+      if (match.index !== index) {
+        throw new TypeError('invalid parameter format')
+      }
+
+      index += match[0].length
+      key = match[1].toLowerCase()
+      value = match[2]
+
+      if (value[0] === '"') {
+        // remove quotes and escapes
+        value = value
+          .substr(1, value.length - 2)
+          .replace(QESC_REGEXP, '$1')
+      }
+
+      obj.parameters[key] = value
+    }
+
+    if (index !== header.length) {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid parameter format')
+    }
+  }
+
+  return obj
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get content-type from req/res objects.
+ *
+ * @param {object}
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getcontenttype (obj) {
+  var header
+
+  if (typeof obj.getHeader === 'function') {
+    // res-like
+    header = obj.getHeader('content-type')
+  } else if (typeof obj.headers === 'object') {
+    // req-like
+    header = obj.headers && obj.headers['content-type']
+  }
+
+  if (typeof header !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('content-type header is missing from object')
+  }
+
+  return header
+}
+
+/**
+ * Quote a string if necessary.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function qstring (val) {
+  var str = String(val)
+
+  // no need to quote tokens
+  if (TOKEN_REGEXP.test(str)) {
+    return str
+  }
+
+  if (str.length > 0 && !TEXT_REGEXP.test(str)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid parameter value')
+  }
+
+  return '"' + str.replace(QUOTE_REGEXP, '\\$1') + '"'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Class to represent a content type.
+ * @private
+ */
+function ContentType (type) {
+  this.parameters = Object.create(null)
+  this.type = type
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/content-type/package.json b/backend/node_modules/content-type/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f36f6013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/content-type/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "_from": "content-type@~1.0.4",
+  "_id": "content-type@1.0.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-hIP3EEPs8tB9AT1L+NUqtwOAps4mk2Zob89MWXMHjHWg9milF/j4osnnQLXBCBFBk/tvIG/tUc9mOUJiPBhPXA==",
+  "_location": "/content-type",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "content-type@~1.0.4",
+    "name": "content-type",
+    "escapedName": "content-type",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/content-type/-/content-type-1.0.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e138cc75e040c727b1966fe5e5f8c9aee256fe3b",
+  "_spec": "content-type@~1.0.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/content-type/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Create and parse HTTP Content-Type header",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "10.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.7.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "5.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.5.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "~1.21.5"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/content-type#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "content-type",
+    "http",
+    "req",
+    "res",
+    "rfc7231"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "content-type",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/content-type.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1250e584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+support
+test
+examples
+*.sock
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/History.md b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78513cc3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+1.0.6 / 2015-02-03
+==================
+
+* use `npm test` instead of `make test` to run tests
+* clearer assertion messages when checking input
+
+
+1.0.5 / 2014-09-05
+==================
+
+* add license to package.json
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-06-25
+==================
+
+ * corrected avoidance of timing attacks (thanks @tenbits!)
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-01-28
+==================
+
+ * [incorrect] fix for timing attacks
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-01-28
+==================
+
+ * fix missing repository warning
+ * fix typo in test
+
+1.0.1 / 2013-04-15
+==================
+
+  * Revert "Changed underlying HMAC algo. to sha512."
+  * Revert "Fix for timing attacks on MAC verification."
+
+0.0.1 / 2010-01-03
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2559e841b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+# cookie-signature
+
+  Sign and unsign cookies.
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var cookie = require('cookie-signature');
+
+var val = cookie.sign('hello', 'tobiiscool');
+val.should.equal('hello.DGDUkGlIkCzPz+C0B064FNgHdEjox7ch8tOBGslZ5QI');
+
+var val = cookie.sign('hello', 'tobiiscool');
+cookie.unsign(val, 'tobiiscool').should.equal('hello');
+cookie.unsign(val, 'luna').should.be.false;
+```
+
+## License 
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 LearnBoost &lt;tj@learnboost.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/index.js b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8c9463a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+
+/**
+ * Sign the given `val` with `secret`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} val
+ * @param {String} secret
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.sign = function(val, secret){
+  if ('string' != typeof val) throw new TypeError("Cookie value must be provided as a string.");
+  if ('string' != typeof secret) throw new TypeError("Secret string must be provided.");
+  return val + '.' + crypto
+    .createHmac('sha256', secret)
+    .update(val)
+    .digest('base64')
+    .replace(/\=+$/, '');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unsign and decode the given `val` with `secret`,
+ * returning `false` if the signature is invalid.
+ *
+ * @param {String} val
+ * @param {String} secret
+ * @return {String|Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.unsign = function(val, secret){
+  if ('string' != typeof val) throw new TypeError("Signed cookie string must be provided.");
+  if ('string' != typeof secret) throw new TypeError("Secret string must be provided.");
+  var str = val.slice(0, val.lastIndexOf('.'))
+    , mac = exports.sign(str, secret);
+  
+  return sha1(mac) == sha1(val) ? str : false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Private
+ */
+
+function sha1(str){
+  return crypto.createHash('sha1').update(str).digest('hex');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/package.json b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0641fa88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie-signature/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+  "_from": "cookie-signature@1.0.6",
+  "_id": "cookie-signature@1.0.6",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-4wOogrNCzD7oylE6eZmXNNqzriw=",
+  "_location": "/cookie-signature",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "cookie-signature@1.0.6",
+    "name": "cookie-signature",
+    "escapedName": "cookie-signature",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.6",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.6"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie-signature/-/cookie-signature-1.0.6.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e303a882b342cc3ee8ca513a79999734dab3ae2c",
+  "_spec": "cookie-signature@1.0.6",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@learnboost.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/node-cookie-signature/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Sign and unsign cookies",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mocha": "*",
+    "should": "*"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/node-cookie-signature#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "cookie",
+    "sign",
+    "unsign"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index",
+  "name": "cookie-signature",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/visionmedia/node-cookie-signature.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --require should --reporter spec"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.6"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/cookie/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da2bf243d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+0.4.0 / 2019-05-15
+==================
+
+  * Add `SameSite=None` support
+
+0.3.1 / 2016-05-26
+==================
+
+  * Fix `sameSite: true` to work with draft-7 clients
+    - `true` now sends `SameSite=Strict` instead of `SameSite`
+
+0.3.0 / 2016-05-26
+==================
+
+  * Add `sameSite` option
+    - Replaces `firstPartyOnly` option, never implemented by browsers
+  * Improve error message when `encode` is not a function
+  * Improve error message when `expires` is not a `Date`
+
+0.2.4 / 2016-05-20
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: use for loop in parse
+  * perf: use string concatination for serialization
+
+0.2.3 / 2015-10-25
+==================
+
+  * Fix cookie `Max-Age` to never be a floating point number
+
+0.2.2 / 2015-09-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression when setting empty cookie value
+    - Ease the new restriction, which is just basic header-level validation
+  * Fix typo in invalid value errors
+
+0.2.1 / 2015-09-17
+==================
+
+  * Throw on invalid values provided to `serialize`
+    - Ensures the resulting string is a valid HTTP header value
+
+0.2.0 / 2015-08-13
+==================
+
+  * Add `firstPartyOnly` option
+  * Throw better error for invalid argument to parse
+  * perf: hoist regular expression
+
+0.1.5 / 2015-09-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression when setting empty cookie value
+    - Ease the new restriction, which is just basic header-level validation
+  * Fix typo in invalid value errors
+
+0.1.4 / 2015-09-17
+==================
+
+  * Throw better error for invalid argument to parse
+  * Throw on invalid values provided to `serialize`
+    - Ensures the resulting string is a valid HTTP header value
+
+0.1.3 / 2015-05-19
+==================
+
+  * Reduce the scope of try-catch deopt
+  * Remove argument reassignments
+
+0.1.2 / 2014-04-16
+==================
+
+  * Remove unnecessary files from npm package
+
+0.1.1 / 2014-02-23
+==================
+
+  * Fix bad parse when cookie value contained a comma
+  * Fix support for `maxAge` of `0`
+
+0.1.0 / 2013-05-01
+==================
+
+  * Add `decode` option
+  * Add `encode` option
+
+0.0.6 / 2013-04-08
+==================
+
+  * Ignore cookie parts missing `=`
+
+0.0.5 / 2012-10-29
+==================
+
+  * Return raw cookie value if value unescape errors
+
+0.0.4 / 2012-06-21
+==================
+
+  * Use encode/decodeURIComponent for cookie encoding/decoding
+    - Improve server/client interoperability
+
+0.0.3 / 2012-06-06
+==================
+
+  * Only escape special characters per the cookie RFC
+
+0.0.2 / 2012-06-01
+==================
+
+  * Fix `maxAge` option to not throw error
+
+0.0.1 / 2012-05-28
+==================
+
+  * Add more tests
+
+0.0.0 / 2012-05-28
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/cookie/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..058b6b4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Roman Shtylman <shtylman@gmail.com>
+Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie/README.md b/backend/node_modules/cookie/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..857fb77c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# cookie
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Basic HTTP cookie parser and serializer for HTTP servers.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install cookie
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var cookie = require('cookie');
+```
+
+### cookie.parse(str, options)
+
+Parse an HTTP `Cookie` header string and returning an object of all cookie name-value pairs.
+The `str` argument is the string representing a `Cookie` header value and `options` is an
+optional object containing additional parsing options.
+
+```js
+var cookies = cookie.parse('foo=bar; equation=E%3Dmc%5E2');
+// { foo: 'bar', equation: 'E=mc^2' }
+```
+
+#### Options
+
+`cookie.parse` accepts these properties in the options object.
+
+##### decode
+
+Specifies a function that will be used to decode a cookie's value. Since the value of a cookie
+has a limited character set (and must be a simple string), this function can be used to decode
+a previously-encoded cookie value into a JavaScript string or other object.
+
+The default function is the global `decodeURIComponent`, which will decode any URL-encoded
+sequences into their byte representations.
+
+**note** if an error is thrown from this function, the original, non-decoded cookie value will
+be returned as the cookie's value.
+
+### cookie.serialize(name, value, options)
+
+Serialize a cookie name-value pair into a `Set-Cookie` header string. The `name` argument is the
+name for the cookie, the `value` argument is the value to set the cookie to, and the `options`
+argument is an optional object containing additional serialization options.
+
+```js
+var setCookie = cookie.serialize('foo', 'bar');
+// foo=bar
+```
+
+#### Options
+
+`cookie.serialize` accepts these properties in the options object.
+
+##### domain
+
+Specifies the value for the [`Domain` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265-5.2.3]. By default, no
+domain is set, and most clients will consider the cookie to apply to only the current domain.
+
+##### encode
+
+Specifies a function that will be used to encode a cookie's value. Since value of a cookie
+has a limited character set (and must be a simple string), this function can be used to encode
+a value into a string suited for a cookie's value.
+
+The default function is the global `encodeURIComponent`, which will encode a JavaScript string
+into UTF-8 byte sequences and then URL-encode any that fall outside of the cookie range.
+
+##### expires
+
+Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the [`Expires` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265-5.2.1].
+By default, no expiration is set, and most clients will consider this a "non-persistent cookie" and
+will delete it on a condition like exiting a web browser application.
+
+**note** the [cookie storage model specification][rfc-6265-5.3] states that if both `expires` and
+`maxAge` are set, then `maxAge` takes precedence, but it is possible not all clients by obey this,
+so if both are set, they should point to the same date and time.
+
+##### httpOnly
+
+Specifies the `boolean` value for the [`HttpOnly` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265-5.2.6]. When truthy,
+the `HttpOnly` attribute is set, otherwise it is not. By default, the `HttpOnly` attribute is not set.
+
+**note** be careful when setting this to `true`, as compliant clients will not allow client-side
+JavaScript to see the cookie in `document.cookie`.
+
+##### maxAge
+
+Specifies the `number` (in seconds) to be the value for the [`Max-Age` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265-5.2.2].
+The given number will be converted to an integer by rounding down. By default, no maximum age is set.
+
+**note** the [cookie storage model specification][rfc-6265-5.3] states that if both `expires` and
+`maxAge` are set, then `maxAge` takes precedence, but it is possible not all clients by obey this,
+so if both are set, they should point to the same date and time.
+
+##### path
+
+Specifies the value for the [`Path` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265-5.2.4]. By default, the path
+is considered the ["default path"][rfc-6265-5.1.4].
+
+##### sameSite
+
+Specifies the `boolean` or `string` to be the value for the [`SameSite` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265bis-03-4.1.2.7].
+
+  - `true` will set the `SameSite` attribute to `Strict` for strict same site enforcement.
+  - `false` will not set the `SameSite` attribute.
+  - `'lax'` will set the `SameSite` attribute to `Lax` for lax same site enforcement.
+  - `'none'` will set the `SameSite` attribute to `None` for an explicit cross-site cookie.
+  - `'strict'` will set the `SameSite` attribute to `Strict` for strict same site enforcement.
+
+More information about the different enforcement levels can be found in
+[the specification][rfc-6265bis-03-4.1.2.7].
+
+**note** This is an attribute that has not yet been fully standardized, and may change in the future.
+This also means many clients may ignore this attribute until they understand it.
+
+##### secure
+
+Specifies the `boolean` value for the [`Secure` `Set-Cookie` attribute][rfc-6265-5.2.5]. When truthy,
+the `Secure` attribute is set, otherwise it is not. By default, the `Secure` attribute is not set.
+
+**note** be careful when setting this to `true`, as compliant clients will not send the cookie back to
+the server in the future if the browser does not have an HTTPS connection.
+
+## Example
+
+The following example uses this module in conjunction with the Node.js core HTTP server
+to prompt a user for their name and display it back on future visits.
+
+```js
+var cookie = require('cookie');
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html');
+var http = require('http');
+var url = require('url');
+
+function onRequest(req, res) {
+  // Parse the query string
+  var query = url.parse(req.url, true, true).query;
+
+  if (query && query.name) {
+    // Set a new cookie with the name
+    res.setHeader('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize('name', String(query.name), {
+      httpOnly: true,
+      maxAge: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 // 1 week
+    }));
+
+    // Redirect back after setting cookie
+    res.statusCode = 302;
+    res.setHeader('Location', req.headers.referer || '/');
+    res.end();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Parse the cookies on the request
+  var cookies = cookie.parse(req.headers.cookie || '');
+
+  // Get the visitor name set in the cookie
+  var name = cookies.name;
+
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8');
+
+  if (name) {
+    res.write('<p>Welcome back, <b>' + escapeHtml(name) + '</b>!</p>');
+  } else {
+    res.write('<p>Hello, new visitor!</p>');
+  }
+
+  res.write('<form method="GET">');
+  res.write('<input placeholder="enter your name" name="name"> <input type="submit" value="Set Name">');
+  res.end('</form>');
+}
+
+http.createServer(onRequest).listen(3000);
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## Benchmark
+
+```
+$ npm run bench
+
+> cookie@0.3.1 bench cookie
+> node benchmark/index.js
+
+  http_parser@2.8.0
+  node@6.14.2
+  v8@5.1.281.111
+  uv@1.16.1
+  zlib@1.2.11
+  ares@1.10.1-DEV
+  icu@58.2
+  modules@48
+  napi@3
+  openssl@1.0.2o
+
+> node benchmark/parse.js
+
+  cookie.parse
+
+  6 tests completed.
+
+  simple      x 1,200,691 ops/sec ±1.12% (189 runs sampled)
+  decode      x 1,012,994 ops/sec ±0.97% (186 runs sampled)
+  unquote     x 1,074,174 ops/sec ±2.43% (186 runs sampled)
+  duplicates  x   438,424 ops/sec ±2.17% (184 runs sampled)
+  10 cookies  x   147,154 ops/sec ±1.01% (186 runs sampled)
+  100 cookies x    14,274 ops/sec ±1.07% (187 runs sampled)
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [RFC 6265: HTTP State Management Mechanism][rfc-6265]
+- [Same-site Cookies][rfc-6265bis-03-4.1.2.7]
+
+[rfc-6265bis-03-4.1.2.7]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-03#section-4.1.2.7
+[rfc-6265]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265
+[rfc-6265-5.1.4]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.1.4
+[rfc-6265-5.2.1]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.1
+[rfc-6265-5.2.2]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.2
+[rfc-6265-5.2.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.3
+[rfc-6265-5.2.4]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.4
+[rfc-6265-5.2.5]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.5
+[rfc-6265-5.2.6]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.6
+[rfc-6265-5.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.3
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/cookie/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/cookie?branch=master
+[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/cookie
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/cookie
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/cookie
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/cookie
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/jshttp/cookie/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/cookie
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie/index.js b/backend/node_modules/cookie/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16f56c041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*!
+ * cookie
+ * Copyright(c) 2012-2014 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+exports.parse = parse;
+exports.serialize = serialize;
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var decode = decodeURIComponent;
+var encode = encodeURIComponent;
+var pairSplitRegExp = /; */;
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match field-content in RFC 7230 sec 3.2
+ *
+ * field-content = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
+ * field-vchar   = VCHAR / obs-text
+ * obs-text      = %x80-FF
+ */
+
+var fieldContentRegExp = /^[\u0009\u0020-\u007e\u0080-\u00ff]+$/;
+
+/**
+ * Parse a cookie header.
+ *
+ * Parse the given cookie header string into an object
+ * The object has the various cookies as keys(names) => values
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function parse(str, options) {
+  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument str must be a string');
+  }
+
+  var obj = {}
+  var opt = options || {};
+  var pairs = str.split(pairSplitRegExp);
+  var dec = opt.decode || decode;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) {
+    var pair = pairs[i];
+    var eq_idx = pair.indexOf('=');
+
+    // skip things that don't look like key=value
+    if (eq_idx < 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    var key = pair.substr(0, eq_idx).trim()
+    var val = pair.substr(++eq_idx, pair.length).trim();
+
+    // quoted values
+    if ('"' == val[0]) {
+      val = val.slice(1, -1);
+    }
+
+    // only assign once
+    if (undefined == obj[key]) {
+      obj[key] = tryDecode(val, dec);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serialize data into a cookie header.
+ *
+ * Serialize the a name value pair into a cookie string suitable for
+ * http headers. An optional options object specified cookie parameters.
+ *
+ * serialize('foo', 'bar', { httpOnly: true })
+ *   => "foo=bar; httpOnly"
+ *
+ * @param {string} name
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {string}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function serialize(name, val, options) {
+  var opt = options || {};
+  var enc = opt.encode || encode;
+
+  if (typeof enc !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option encode is invalid');
+  }
+
+  if (!fieldContentRegExp.test(name)) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument name is invalid');
+  }
+
+  var value = enc(val);
+
+  if (value && !fieldContentRegExp.test(value)) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument val is invalid');
+  }
+
+  var str = name + '=' + value;
+
+  if (null != opt.maxAge) {
+    var maxAge = opt.maxAge - 0;
+    if (isNaN(maxAge)) throw new Error('maxAge should be a Number');
+    str += '; Max-Age=' + Math.floor(maxAge);
+  }
+
+  if (opt.domain) {
+    if (!fieldContentRegExp.test(opt.domain)) {
+      throw new TypeError('option domain is invalid');
+    }
+
+    str += '; Domain=' + opt.domain;
+  }
+
+  if (opt.path) {
+    if (!fieldContentRegExp.test(opt.path)) {
+      throw new TypeError('option path is invalid');
+    }
+
+    str += '; Path=' + opt.path;
+  }
+
+  if (opt.expires) {
+    if (typeof opt.expires.toUTCString !== 'function') {
+      throw new TypeError('option expires is invalid');
+    }
+
+    str += '; Expires=' + opt.expires.toUTCString();
+  }
+
+  if (opt.httpOnly) {
+    str += '; HttpOnly';
+  }
+
+  if (opt.secure) {
+    str += '; Secure';
+  }
+
+  if (opt.sameSite) {
+    var sameSite = typeof opt.sameSite === 'string'
+      ? opt.sameSite.toLowerCase() : opt.sameSite;
+
+    switch (sameSite) {
+      case true:
+        str += '; SameSite=Strict';
+        break;
+      case 'lax':
+        str += '; SameSite=Lax';
+        break;
+      case 'strict':
+        str += '; SameSite=Strict';
+        break;
+      case 'none':
+        str += '; SameSite=None';
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new TypeError('option sameSite is invalid');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return str;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try decoding a string using a decoding function.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @param {function} decode
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function tryDecode(str, decode) {
+  try {
+    return decode(str);
+  } catch (e) {
+    return str;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cookie/package.json b/backend/node_modules/cookie/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..232dbe717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cookie/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "_from": "cookie@0.4.0",
+  "_id": "cookie@0.4.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-+Hp8fLp57wnUSt0tY0tHEXh4voZRDnoIrZPqlo3DPiI4y9lwg/jqx+1Om94/W6ZaPDOUbnjOt/99w66zk+l1Xg==",
+  "_location": "/cookie",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "cookie@0.4.0",
+    "name": "cookie",
+    "escapedName": "cookie",
+    "rawSpec": "0.4.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.4.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/-/cookie-0.4.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "beb437e7022b3b6d49019d088665303ebe9c14ba",
+  "_spec": "cookie@0.4.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Roman Shtylman",
+    "email": "shtylman@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/cookie/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "HTTP server cookie parsing and serialization",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/cookie#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "cookie",
+    "cookies"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "cookie",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/cookie.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "version": "node scripts/version-history.js && git add HISTORY.md"
+  },
+  "version": "0.4.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8d7f9437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/README.md b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a76b4149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# core-util-is
+
+The `util.is*` functions introduced in Node v0.12.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/float.patch b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/float.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a06d5c05f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/float.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+diff --git a/lib/util.js b/lib/util.js
+index a03e874..9074e8e 100644
+--- a/lib/util.js
++++ b/lib/util.js
+@@ -19,430 +19,6 @@
+ // OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+-var formatRegExp = /%[sdj%]/g;
+-exports.format = function(f) {
+-  if (!isString(f)) {
+-    var objects = [];
+-    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+-      objects.push(inspect(arguments[i]));
+-    }
+-    return objects.join(' ');
+-  }
+-
+-  var i = 1;
+-  var args = arguments;
+-  var len = args.length;
+-  var str = String(f).replace(formatRegExp, function(x) {
+-    if (x === '%%') return '%';
+-    if (i >= len) return x;
+-    switch (x) {
+-      case '%s': return String(args[i++]);
+-      case '%d': return Number(args[i++]);
+-      case '%j':
+-        try {
+-          return JSON.stringify(args[i++]);
+-        } catch (_) {
+-          return '[Circular]';
+-        }
+-      default:
+-        return x;
+-    }
+-  });
+-  for (var x = args[i]; i < len; x = args[++i]) {
+-    if (isNull(x) || !isObject(x)) {
+-      str += ' ' + x;
+-    } else {
+-      str += ' ' + inspect(x);
+-    }
+-  }
+-  return str;
+-};
+-
+-
+-// Mark that a method should not be used.
+-// Returns a modified function which warns once by default.
+-// If --no-deprecation is set, then it is a no-op.
+-exports.deprecate = function(fn, msg) {
+-  // Allow for deprecating things in the process of starting up.
+-  if (isUndefined(global.process)) {
+-    return function() {
+-      return exports.deprecate(fn, msg).apply(this, arguments);
+-    };
+-  }
+-
+-  if (process.noDeprecation === true) {
+-    return fn;
+-  }
+-
+-  var warned = false;
+-  function deprecated() {
+-    if (!warned) {
+-      if (process.throwDeprecation) {
+-        throw new Error(msg);
+-      } else if (process.traceDeprecation) {
+-        console.trace(msg);
+-      } else {
+-        console.error(msg);
+-      }
+-      warned = true;
+-    }
+-    return fn.apply(this, arguments);
+-  }
+-
+-  return deprecated;
+-};
+-
+-
+-var debugs = {};
+-var debugEnviron;
+-exports.debuglog = function(set) {
+-  if (isUndefined(debugEnviron))
+-    debugEnviron = process.env.NODE_DEBUG || '';
+-  set = set.toUpperCase();
+-  if (!debugs[set]) {
+-    if (new RegExp('\\b' + set + '\\b', 'i').test(debugEnviron)) {
+-      var pid = process.pid;
+-      debugs[set] = function() {
+-        var msg = exports.format.apply(exports, arguments);
+-        console.error('%s %d: %s', set, pid, msg);
+-      };
+-    } else {
+-      debugs[set] = function() {};
+-    }
+-  }
+-  return debugs[set];
+-};
+-
+-
+-/**
+- * Echos the value of a value. Trys to print the value out
+- * in the best way possible given the different types.
+- *
+- * @param {Object} obj The object to print out.
+- * @param {Object} opts Optional options object that alters the output.
+- */
+-/* legacy: obj, showHidden, depth, colors*/
+-function inspect(obj, opts) {
+-  // default options
+-  var ctx = {
+-    seen: [],
+-    stylize: stylizeNoColor
+-  };
+-  // legacy...
+-  if (arguments.length >= 3) ctx.depth = arguments[2];
+-  if (arguments.length >= 4) ctx.colors = arguments[3];
+-  if (isBoolean(opts)) {
+-    // legacy...
+-    ctx.showHidden = opts;
+-  } else if (opts) {
+-    // got an "options" object
+-    exports._extend(ctx, opts);
+-  }
+-  // set default options
+-  if (isUndefined(ctx.showHidden)) ctx.showHidden = false;
+-  if (isUndefined(ctx.depth)) ctx.depth = 2;
+-  if (isUndefined(ctx.colors)) ctx.colors = false;
+-  if (isUndefined(ctx.customInspect)) ctx.customInspect = true;
+-  if (ctx.colors) ctx.stylize = stylizeWithColor;
+-  return formatValue(ctx, obj, ctx.depth);
+-}
+-exports.inspect = inspect;
+-
+-
+-// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#graphics
+-inspect.colors = {
+-  'bold' : [1, 22],
+-  'italic' : [3, 23],
+-  'underline' : [4, 24],
+-  'inverse' : [7, 27],
+-  'white' : [37, 39],
+-  'grey' : [90, 39],
+-  'black' : [30, 39],
+-  'blue' : [34, 39],
+-  'cyan' : [36, 39],
+-  'green' : [32, 39],
+-  'magenta' : [35, 39],
+-  'red' : [31, 39],
+-  'yellow' : [33, 39]
+-};
+-
+-// Don't use 'blue' not visible on cmd.exe
+-inspect.styles = {
+-  'special': 'cyan',
+-  'number': 'yellow',
+-  'boolean': 'yellow',
+-  'undefined': 'grey',
+-  'null': 'bold',
+-  'string': 'green',
+-  'date': 'magenta',
+-  // "name": intentionally not styling
+-  'regexp': 'red'
+-};
+-
+-
+-function stylizeWithColor(str, styleType) {
+-  var style = inspect.styles[styleType];
+-
+-  if (style) {
+-    return '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][0] + 'm' + str +
+-           '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][1] + 'm';
+-  } else {
+-    return str;
+-  }
+-}
+-
+-
+-function stylizeNoColor(str, styleType) {
+-  return str;
+-}
+-
+-
+-function arrayToHash(array) {
+-  var hash = {};
+-
+-  array.forEach(function(val, idx) {
+-    hash[val] = true;
+-  });
+-
+-  return hash;
+-}
+-
+-
+-function formatValue(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
+-  // Provide a hook for user-specified inspect functions.
+-  // Check that value is an object with an inspect function on it
+-  if (ctx.customInspect &&
+-      value &&
+-      isFunction(value.inspect) &&
+-      // Filter out the util module, it's inspect function is special
+-      value.inspect !== exports.inspect &&
+-      // Also filter out any prototype objects using the circular check.
+-      !(value.constructor && value.constructor.prototype === value)) {
+-    var ret = value.inspect(recurseTimes, ctx);
+-    if (!isString(ret)) {
+-      ret = formatValue(ctx, ret, recurseTimes);
+-    }
+-    return ret;
+-  }
+-
+-  // Primitive types cannot have properties
+-  var primitive = formatPrimitive(ctx, value);
+-  if (primitive) {
+-    return primitive;
+-  }
+-
+-  // Look up the keys of the object.
+-  var keys = Object.keys(value);
+-  var visibleKeys = arrayToHash(keys);
+-
+-  if (ctx.showHidden) {
+-    keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(value);
+-  }
+-
+-  // Some type of object without properties can be shortcutted.
+-  if (keys.length === 0) {
+-    if (isFunction(value)) {
+-      var name = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : '';
+-      return ctx.stylize('[Function' + name + ']', 'special');
+-    }
+-    if (isRegExp(value)) {
+-      return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp');
+-    }
+-    if (isDate(value)) {
+-      return ctx.stylize(Date.prototype.toString.call(value), 'date');
+-    }
+-    if (isError(value)) {
+-      return formatError(value);
+-    }
+-  }
+-
+-  var base = '', array = false, braces = ['{', '}'];
+-
+-  // Make Array say that they are Array
+-  if (isArray(value)) {
+-    array = true;
+-    braces = ['[', ']'];
+-  }
+-
+-  // Make functions say that they are functions
+-  if (isFunction(value)) {
+-    var n = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : '';
+-    base = ' [Function' + n + ']';
+-  }
+-
+-  // Make RegExps say that they are RegExps
+-  if (isRegExp(value)) {
+-    base = ' ' + RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value);
+-  }
+-
+-  // Make dates with properties first say the date
+-  if (isDate(value)) {
+-    base = ' ' + Date.prototype.toUTCString.call(value);
+-  }
+-
+-  // Make error with message first say the error
+-  if (isError(value)) {
+-    base = ' ' + formatError(value);
+-  }
+-
+-  if (keys.length === 0 && (!array || value.length == 0)) {
+-    return braces[0] + base + braces[1];
+-  }
+-
+-  if (recurseTimes < 0) {
+-    if (isRegExp(value)) {
+-      return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp');
+-    } else {
+-      return ctx.stylize('[Object]', 'special');
+-    }
+-  }
+-
+-  ctx.seen.push(value);
+-
+-  var output;
+-  if (array) {
+-    output = formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys);
+-  } else {
+-    output = keys.map(function(key) {
+-      return formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array);
+-    });
+-  }
+-
+-  ctx.seen.pop();
+-
+-  return reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces);
+-}
+-
+-
+-function formatPrimitive(ctx, value) {
+-  if (isUndefined(value))
+-    return ctx.stylize('undefined', 'undefined');
+-  if (isString(value)) {
+-    var simple = '\'' + JSON.stringify(value).replace(/^"|"$/g, '')
+-                                             .replace(/'/g, "\\'")
+-                                             .replace(/\\"/g, '"') + '\'';
+-    return ctx.stylize(simple, 'string');
+-  }
+-  if (isNumber(value)) {
+-    // Format -0 as '-0'. Strict equality won't distinguish 0 from -0,
+-    // so instead we use the fact that 1 / -0 < 0 whereas 1 / 0 > 0 .
+-    if (value === 0 && 1 / value < 0)
+-      return ctx.stylize('-0', 'number');
+-    return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'number');
+-  }
+-  if (isBoolean(value))
+-    return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'boolean');
+-  // For some reason typeof null is "object", so special case here.
+-  if (isNull(value))
+-    return ctx.stylize('null', 'null');
+-}
+-
+-
+-function formatError(value) {
+-  return '[' + Error.prototype.toString.call(value) + ']';
+-}
+-
+-
+-function formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys) {
+-  var output = [];
+-  for (var i = 0, l = value.length; i < l; ++i) {
+-    if (hasOwnProperty(value, String(i))) {
+-      output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys,
+-          String(i), true));
+-    } else {
+-      output.push('');
+-    }
+-  }
+-  keys.forEach(function(key) {
+-    if (!key.match(/^\d+$/)) {
+-      output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys,
+-          key, true));
+-    }
+-  });
+-  return output;
+-}
+-
+-
+-function formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array) {
+-  var name, str, desc;
+-  desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, key) || { value: value[key] };
+-  if (desc.get) {
+-    if (desc.set) {
+-      str = ctx.stylize('[Getter/Setter]', 'special');
+-    } else {
+-      str = ctx.stylize('[Getter]', 'special');
+-    }
+-  } else {
+-    if (desc.set) {
+-      str = ctx.stylize('[Setter]', 'special');
+-    }
+-  }
+-  if (!hasOwnProperty(visibleKeys, key)) {
+-    name = '[' + key + ']';
+-  }
+-  if (!str) {
+-    if (ctx.seen.indexOf(desc.value) < 0) {
+-      if (isNull(recurseTimes)) {
+-        str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, null);
+-      } else {
+-        str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, recurseTimes - 1);
+-      }
+-      if (str.indexOf('\n') > -1) {
+-        if (array) {
+-          str = str.split('\n').map(function(line) {
+-            return '  ' + line;
+-          }).join('\n').substr(2);
+-        } else {
+-          str = '\n' + str.split('\n').map(function(line) {
+-            return '   ' + line;
+-          }).join('\n');
+-        }
+-      }
+-    } else {
+-      str = ctx.stylize('[Circular]', 'special');
+-    }
+-  }
+-  if (isUndefined(name)) {
+-    if (array && key.match(/^\d+$/)) {
+-      return str;
+-    }
+-    name = JSON.stringify('' + key);
+-    if (name.match(/^"([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)"$/)) {
+-      name = name.substr(1, name.length - 2);
+-      name = ctx.stylize(name, 'name');
+-    } else {
+-      name = name.replace(/'/g, "\\'")
+-                 .replace(/\\"/g, '"')
+-                 .replace(/(^"|"$)/g, "'");
+-      name = ctx.stylize(name, 'string');
+-    }
+-  }
+-
+-  return name + ': ' + str;
+-}
+-
+-
+-function reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces) {
+-  var numLinesEst = 0;
+-  var length = output.reduce(function(prev, cur) {
+-    numLinesEst++;
+-    if (cur.indexOf('\n') >= 0) numLinesEst++;
+-    return prev + cur.replace(/\u001b\[\d\d?m/g, '').length + 1;
+-  }, 0);
+-
+-  if (length > 60) {
+-    return braces[0] +
+-           (base === '' ? '' : base + '\n ') +
+-           ' ' +
+-           output.join(',\n  ') +
+-           ' ' +
+-           braces[1];
+-  }
+-
+-  return braces[0] + base + ' ' + output.join(', ') + ' ' + braces[1];
+-}
+-
+-
+ // NOTE: These type checking functions intentionally don't use `instanceof`
+ // because it is fragile and can be easily faked with `Object.create()`.
+ function isArray(ar) {
+@@ -522,166 +98,10 @@ function isPrimitive(arg) {
+ exports.isPrimitive = isPrimitive;
+
+ function isBuffer(arg) {
+-  return arg instanceof Buffer;
++  return Buffer.isBuffer(arg);
+ }
+ exports.isBuffer = isBuffer;
+
+ function objectToString(o) {
+   return Object.prototype.toString.call(o);
+-}
+-
+-
+-function pad(n) {
+-  return n < 10 ? '0' + n.toString(10) : n.toString(10);
+-}
+-
+-
+-var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep',
+-              'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];
+-
+-// 26 Feb 16:19:34
+-function timestamp() {
+-  var d = new Date();
+-  var time = [pad(d.getHours()),
+-              pad(d.getMinutes()),
+-              pad(d.getSeconds())].join(':');
+-  return [d.getDate(), months[d.getMonth()], time].join(' ');
+-}
+-
+-
+-// log is just a thin wrapper to console.log that prepends a timestamp
+-exports.log = function() {
+-  console.log('%s - %s', timestamp(), exports.format.apply(exports, arguments));
+-};
+-
+-
+-/**
+- * Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another.
+- *
+- * The Function.prototype.inherits from lang.js rewritten as a standalone
+- * function (not on Function.prototype). NOTE: If this file is to be loaded
+- * during bootstrapping this function needs to be rewritten using some native
+- * functions as prototype setup using normal JavaScript does not work as
+- * expected during bootstrapping (see mirror.js in r114903).
+- *
+- * @param {function} ctor Constructor function which needs to inherit the
+- *     prototype.
+- * @param {function} superCtor Constructor function to inherit prototype from.
+- */
+-exports.inherits = function(ctor, superCtor) {
+-  ctor.super_ = superCtor;
+-  ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, {
+-    constructor: {
+-      value: ctor,
+-      enumerable: false,
+-      writable: true,
+-      configurable: true
+-    }
+-  });
+-};
+-
+-exports._extend = function(origin, add) {
+-  // Don't do anything if add isn't an object
+-  if (!add || !isObject(add)) return origin;
+-
+-  var keys = Object.keys(add);
+-  var i = keys.length;
+-  while (i--) {
+-    origin[keys[i]] = add[keys[i]];
+-  }
+-  return origin;
+-};
+-
+-function hasOwnProperty(obj, prop) {
+-  return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);
+-}
+-
+-
+-// Deprecated old stuff.
+-
+-exports.p = exports.deprecate(function() {
+-  for (var i = 0, len = arguments.length; i < len; ++i) {
+-    console.error(exports.inspect(arguments[i]));
+-  }
+-}, 'util.p: Use console.error() instead');
+-
+-
+-exports.exec = exports.deprecate(function() {
+-  return require('child_process').exec.apply(this, arguments);
+-}, 'util.exec is now called `child_process.exec`.');
+-
+-
+-exports.print = exports.deprecate(function() {
+-  for (var i = 0, len = arguments.length; i < len; ++i) {
+-    process.stdout.write(String(arguments[i]));
+-  }
+-}, 'util.print: Use console.log instead');
+-
+-
+-exports.puts = exports.deprecate(function() {
+-  for (var i = 0, len = arguments.length; i < len; ++i) {
+-    process.stdout.write(arguments[i] + '\n');
+-  }
+-}, 'util.puts: Use console.log instead');
+-
+-
+-exports.debug = exports.deprecate(function(x) {
+-  process.stderr.write('DEBUG: ' + x + '\n');
+-}, 'util.debug: Use console.error instead');
+-
+-
+-exports.error = exports.deprecate(function(x) {
+-  for (var i = 0, len = arguments.length; i < len; ++i) {
+-    process.stderr.write(arguments[i] + '\n');
+-  }
+-}, 'util.error: Use console.error instead');
+-
+-
+-exports.pump = exports.deprecate(function(readStream, writeStream, callback) {
+-  var callbackCalled = false;
+-
+-  function call(a, b, c) {
+-    if (callback && !callbackCalled) {
+-      callback(a, b, c);
+-      callbackCalled = true;
+-    }
+-  }
+-
+-  readStream.addListener('data', function(chunk) {
+-    if (writeStream.write(chunk) === false) readStream.pause();
+-  });
+-
+-  writeStream.addListener('drain', function() {
+-    readStream.resume();
+-  });
+-
+-  readStream.addListener('end', function() {
+-    writeStream.end();
+-  });
+-
+-  readStream.addListener('close', function() {
+-    call();
+-  });
+-
+-  readStream.addListener('error', function(err) {
+-    writeStream.end();
+-    call(err);
+-  });
+-
+-  writeStream.addListener('error', function(err) {
+-    readStream.destroy();
+-    call(err);
+-  });
+-}, 'util.pump(): Use readableStream.pipe() instead');
+-
+-
+-var uv;
+-exports._errnoException = function(err, syscall) {
+-  if (isUndefined(uv)) uv = process.binding('uv');
+-  var errname = uv.errname(err);
+-  var e = new Error(syscall + ' ' + errname);
+-  e.code = errname;
+-  e.errno = errname;
+-  e.syscall = syscall;
+-  return e;
+-};
++}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/lib/util.js b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/lib/util.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff4c851c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/lib/util.js
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// NOTE: These type checking functions intentionally don't use `instanceof`
+// because it is fragile and can be easily faked with `Object.create()`.
+
+function isArray(arg) {
+  if (Array.isArray) {
+    return Array.isArray(arg);
+  }
+  return objectToString(arg) === '[object Array]';
+}
+exports.isArray = isArray;
+
+function isBoolean(arg) {
+  return typeof arg === 'boolean';
+}
+exports.isBoolean = isBoolean;
+
+function isNull(arg) {
+  return arg === null;
+}
+exports.isNull = isNull;
+
+function isNullOrUndefined(arg) {
+  return arg == null;
+}
+exports.isNullOrUndefined = isNullOrUndefined;
+
+function isNumber(arg) {
+  return typeof arg === 'number';
+}
+exports.isNumber = isNumber;
+
+function isString(arg) {
+  return typeof arg === 'string';
+}
+exports.isString = isString;
+
+function isSymbol(arg) {
+  return typeof arg === 'symbol';
+}
+exports.isSymbol = isSymbol;
+
+function isUndefined(arg) {
+  return arg === void 0;
+}
+exports.isUndefined = isUndefined;
+
+function isRegExp(re) {
+  return objectToString(re) === '[object RegExp]';
+}
+exports.isRegExp = isRegExp;
+
+function isObject(arg) {
+  return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null;
+}
+exports.isObject = isObject;
+
+function isDate(d) {
+  return objectToString(d) === '[object Date]';
+}
+exports.isDate = isDate;
+
+function isError(e) {
+  return (objectToString(e) === '[object Error]' || e instanceof Error);
+}
+exports.isError = isError;
+
+function isFunction(arg) {
+  return typeof arg === 'function';
+}
+exports.isFunction = isFunction;
+
+function isPrimitive(arg) {
+  return arg === null ||
+         typeof arg === 'boolean' ||
+         typeof arg === 'number' ||
+         typeof arg === 'string' ||
+         typeof arg === 'symbol' ||  // ES6 symbol
+         typeof arg === 'undefined';
+}
+exports.isPrimitive = isPrimitive;
+
+exports.isBuffer = Buffer.isBuffer;
+
+function objectToString(o) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(o);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/package.json b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c21a121cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "_from": "core-util-is@~1.0.0",
+  "_id": "core-util-is@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-tf1UIgqivFq1eqtxQMlAdUUDwac=",
+  "_location": "/core-util-is",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "core-util-is@~1.0.0",
+    "name": "core-util-is",
+    "escapedName": "core-util-is",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/core-util-is/-/core-util-is-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "b5fd54220aa2bc5ab57aab7140c940754503c1a7",
+  "_spec": "core-util-is@~1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/core-util-is/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The `util.is*` functions introduced in Node v0.12.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^2.3.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/core-util-is#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "util",
+    "isBuffer",
+    "isArray",
+    "isNumber",
+    "isString",
+    "isRegExp",
+    "isThis",
+    "isThat",
+    "polyfill"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "lib/util.js",
+  "name": "core-util-is",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/core-util-is.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/test.js b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a490c65a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/core-util-is/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+var assert = require('tap');
+
+var t = require('./lib/util');
+
+assert.equal(t.isArray([]), true);
+assert.equal(t.isArray({}), false);
+
+assert.equal(t.isBoolean(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isBoolean(true), true);
+assert.equal(t.isBoolean(false), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isNull(null), true);
+assert.equal(t.isNull(undefined), false);
+assert.equal(t.isNull(false), false);
+assert.equal(t.isNull(), false);
+
+assert.equal(t.isNullOrUndefined(null), true);
+assert.equal(t.isNullOrUndefined(undefined), true);
+assert.equal(t.isNullOrUndefined(false), false);
+assert.equal(t.isNullOrUndefined(), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isNumber(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isNumber('1'), false);
+assert.equal(t.isNumber(1), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isString(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isString('1'), true);
+assert.equal(t.isString(1), false);
+
+assert.equal(t.isSymbol(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isSymbol('1'), false);
+assert.equal(t.isSymbol(1), false);
+assert.equal(t.isSymbol(Symbol()), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isUndefined(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isUndefined(undefined), true);
+assert.equal(t.isUndefined(false), false);
+assert.equal(t.isUndefined(), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isRegExp(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isRegExp('1'), false);
+assert.equal(t.isRegExp(new RegExp()), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isObject({}), true);
+assert.equal(t.isObject([]), true);
+assert.equal(t.isObject(new RegExp()), true);
+assert.equal(t.isObject(new Date()), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isDate(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isDate('1'), false);
+assert.equal(t.isDate(new Date()), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isError(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isError({ err: true }), false);
+assert.equal(t.isError(new Error()), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isFunction(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isFunction({ }), false);
+assert.equal(t.isFunction(function() {}), true);
+
+assert.equal(t.isPrimitive(null), true);
+assert.equal(t.isPrimitive(''), true);
+assert.equal(t.isPrimitive(0), true);
+assert.equal(t.isPrimitive(new Date()), false);
+
+assert.equal(t.isBuffer(null), false);
+assert.equal(t.isBuffer({}), false);
+assert.equal(t.isBuffer(new Buffer(0)), true);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cors/CONTRIBUTING.md b/backend/node_modules/cors/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..591b09a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cors/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# contributing to `cors`
+
+CORS is a node.js package for providing a [connect](http://www.senchalabs.org/connect/)/[express](http://expressjs.com/) middleware that can be used to enable [CORS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing) with various options. Learn more about the project in [the README](README.md).
+
+## The CORS Spec
+
+[http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+
+## Pull Requests Welcome
+
+* Include `'use strict';` in every javascript file.
+* 2 space indentation.
+* Please run the testing steps below before submitting.
+
+## Testing
+
+```bash
+$ npm install
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## Interactive Testing Harness
+
+[http://node-cors-client.herokuapp.com](http://node-cors-client.herokuapp.com)
+
+Related git repositories:
+
+* [https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-server](https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-server)
+* [https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-client](https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-client)
+
+## License
+
+[MIT License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cors/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/cors/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5762bce92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cors/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+2.8.5 / 2018-11-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix setting `maxAge` option to `0`
+
+2.8.4 / 2017-07-12
+==================
+
+  * Work-around Safari bug in default pre-flight response
+
+2.8.3 / 2017-03-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix error when options delegate missing `methods` option
+
+2.8.2 / 2017-03-28
+==================
+
+  * Fix error when frozen options are passed
+  * Send "Vary: Origin" when using regular expressions
+  * Send "Vary: Access-Control-Request-Headers" when dynamic `allowedHeaders`
+
+2.8.1 / 2016-09-08
+==================
+
+This release only changed documentation.
+
+2.8.0 / 2016-08-23
+==================
+
+  * Add `optionsSuccessStatus` option
+
+2.7.2 / 2016-08-23
+==================
+
+  * Fix error when Node.js running in strict mode
+
+2.7.1 / 2015-05-28
+==================
+
+  * Move module into expressjs organization
+
+2.7.0 / 2015-05-28
+==================
+
+  * Allow array of matching condition as `origin` option
+  * Allow regular expression as `origin` option
+
+2.6.1 / 2015-05-28
+==================
+
+  * Update `license` in package.json
+
+2.6.0 / 2015-04-27
+==================
+
+  * Add `preflightContinue` option
+  * Fix "Vary: Origin" header added for "*"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cors/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/cors/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd10c843f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cors/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Troy Goode <troygoode@gmail.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cors/README.md b/backend/node_modules/cors/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..732b847ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cors/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+# cors
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+CORS is a node.js package for providing a [Connect](http://www.senchalabs.org/connect/)/[Express](http://expressjs.com/) middleware that can be used to enable [CORS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing) with various options.
+
+**[Follow me (@troygoode) on Twitter!](https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=troygoode)**
+
+* [Installation](#installation)
+* [Usage](#usage)
+  * [Simple Usage](#simple-usage-enable-all-cors-requests)
+  * [Enable CORS for a Single Route](#enable-cors-for-a-single-route)
+  * [Configuring CORS](#configuring-cors)
+  * [Configuring CORS Asynchronously](#configuring-cors-asynchronously)
+  * [Enabling CORS Pre-Flight](#enabling-cors-pre-flight)
+* [Configuration Options](#configuration-options)
+* [Demo](#demo)
+* [License](#license)
+* [Author](#author)
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install cors
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### Simple Usage (Enable *All* CORS Requests)
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var cors = require('cors')
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(cors())
+
+app.get('/products/:id', function (req, res, next) {
+  res.json({msg: 'This is CORS-enabled for all origins!'})
+})
+
+app.listen(80, function () {
+  console.log('CORS-enabled web server listening on port 80')
+})
+```
+
+### Enable CORS for a Single Route
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var cors = require('cors')
+var app = express()
+
+app.get('/products/:id', cors(), function (req, res, next) {
+  res.json({msg: 'This is CORS-enabled for a Single Route'})
+})
+
+app.listen(80, function () {
+  console.log('CORS-enabled web server listening on port 80')
+})
+```
+
+### Configuring CORS
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var cors = require('cors')
+var app = express()
+
+var corsOptions = {
+  origin: 'http://example.com',
+  optionsSuccessStatus: 200 // some legacy browsers (IE11, various SmartTVs) choke on 204
+}
+
+app.get('/products/:id', cors(corsOptions), function (req, res, next) {
+  res.json({msg: 'This is CORS-enabled for only example.com.'})
+})
+
+app.listen(80, function () {
+  console.log('CORS-enabled web server listening on port 80')
+})
+```
+
+### Configuring CORS w/ Dynamic Origin
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var cors = require('cors')
+var app = express()
+
+var whitelist = ['http://example1.com', 'http://example2.com']
+var corsOptions = {
+  origin: function (origin, callback) {
+    if (whitelist.indexOf(origin) !== -1) {
+      callback(null, true)
+    } else {
+      callback(new Error('Not allowed by CORS'))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+app.get('/products/:id', cors(corsOptions), function (req, res, next) {
+  res.json({msg: 'This is CORS-enabled for a whitelisted domain.'})
+})
+
+app.listen(80, function () {
+  console.log('CORS-enabled web server listening on port 80')
+})
+```
+
+If you do not want to block REST tools or server-to-server requests,
+add a `!origin` check in the origin function like so:
+
+```javascript
+var corsOptions = {
+  origin: function (origin, callback) {
+    if (whitelist.indexOf(origin) !== -1 || !origin) {
+      callback(null, true)
+    } else {
+      callback(new Error('Not allowed by CORS'))
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Enabling CORS Pre-Flight
+
+Certain CORS requests are considered 'complex' and require an initial
+`OPTIONS` request (called the "pre-flight request"). An example of a
+'complex' CORS request is one that uses an HTTP verb other than
+GET/HEAD/POST (such as DELETE) or that uses custom headers. To enable
+pre-flighting, you must add a new OPTIONS handler for the route you want
+to support:
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var cors = require('cors')
+var app = express()
+
+app.options('/products/:id', cors()) // enable pre-flight request for DELETE request
+app.del('/products/:id', cors(), function (req, res, next) {
+  res.json({msg: 'This is CORS-enabled for all origins!'})
+})
+
+app.listen(80, function () {
+  console.log('CORS-enabled web server listening on port 80')
+})
+```
+
+You can also enable pre-flight across-the-board like so:
+
+```javascript
+app.options('*', cors()) // include before other routes
+```
+
+### Configuring CORS Asynchronously
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var cors = require('cors')
+var app = express()
+
+var whitelist = ['http://example1.com', 'http://example2.com']
+var corsOptionsDelegate = function (req, callback) {
+  var corsOptions;
+  if (whitelist.indexOf(req.header('Origin')) !== -1) {
+    corsOptions = { origin: true } // reflect (enable) the requested origin in the CORS response
+  } else {
+    corsOptions = { origin: false } // disable CORS for this request
+  }
+  callback(null, corsOptions) // callback expects two parameters: error and options
+}
+
+app.get('/products/:id', cors(corsOptionsDelegate), function (req, res, next) {
+  res.json({msg: 'This is CORS-enabled for a whitelisted domain.'})
+})
+
+app.listen(80, function () {
+  console.log('CORS-enabled web server listening on port 80')
+})
+```
+
+## Configuration Options
+
+* `origin`: Configures the **Access-Control-Allow-Origin** CORS header. Possible values:
+  - `Boolean` - set `origin` to `true` to reflect the [request origin](http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-abarth-origin-09), as defined by `req.header('Origin')`, or set it to `false` to disable CORS.
+  - `String` - set `origin` to a specific origin. For example if you set it to `"http://example.com"` only requests from "http://example.com" will be allowed.
+  - `RegExp` - set `origin` to a regular expression pattern which will be used to test the request origin. If it's a match, the request origin will be reflected. For example the pattern `/example\.com$/` will reflect any request that is coming from an origin ending with "example.com".
+  - `Array` - set `origin` to an array of valid origins. Each origin can be a `String` or a `RegExp`. For example `["http://example1.com", /\.example2\.com$/]` will accept any request from "http://example1.com" or from a subdomain of "example2.com".
+  - `Function` - set `origin` to a function implementing some custom logic. The function takes the request origin as the first parameter and a callback (which expects the signature `err [object], allow [bool]`) as the second.
+* `methods`: Configures the **Access-Control-Allow-Methods** CORS header. Expects a comma-delimited string (ex: 'GET,PUT,POST') or an array (ex: `['GET', 'PUT', 'POST']`).
+* `allowedHeaders`: Configures the **Access-Control-Allow-Headers** CORS header. Expects a comma-delimited string (ex: 'Content-Type,Authorization') or an array (ex: `['Content-Type', 'Authorization']`). If not specified, defaults to reflecting the headers specified in the request's **Access-Control-Request-Headers** header.
+* `exposedHeaders`: Configures the **Access-Control-Expose-Headers** CORS header. Expects a comma-delimited string (ex: 'Content-Range,X-Content-Range') or an array (ex: `['Content-Range', 'X-Content-Range']`). If not specified, no custom headers are exposed.
+* `credentials`: Configures the **Access-Control-Allow-Credentials** CORS header. Set to `true` to pass the header, otherwise it is omitted.
+* `maxAge`: Configures the **Access-Control-Max-Age** CORS header. Set to an integer to pass the header, otherwise it is omitted.
+* `preflightContinue`: Pass the CORS preflight response to the next handler.
+* `optionsSuccessStatus`: Provides a status code to use for successful `OPTIONS` requests, since some legacy browsers (IE11, various SmartTVs) choke on `204`.
+
+The default configuration is the equivalent of:
+
+```json
+{
+  "origin": "*",
+  "methods": "GET,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,POST,DELETE",
+  "preflightContinue": false,
+  "optionsSuccessStatus": 204
+}
+```
+
+For details on the effect of each CORS header, read [this](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/cors/) article on HTML5 Rocks.
+
+## Demo
+
+A demo that illustrates CORS working (and not working) using jQuery is available here: [http://node-cors-client.herokuapp.com/](http://node-cors-client.herokuapp.com/)
+
+Code for that demo can be found here:
+
+* Client: [https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-client](https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-client)
+* Server: [https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-server](https://github.com/TroyGoode/node-cors-server)
+
+## License
+
+[MIT License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+## Author
+
+[Troy Goode](https://github.com/TroyGoode) ([troygoode@gmail.com](mailto:troygoode@gmail.com))
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/expressjs/cors/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/cors?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/cors.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/cors
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/cors.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/cors
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/expressjs/cors/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/cors
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cors/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/cors/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5475aecd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cors/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+(function () {
+
+  'use strict';
+
+  var assign = require('object-assign');
+  var vary = require('vary');
+
+  var defaults = {
+    origin: '*',
+    methods: 'GET,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,POST,DELETE',
+    preflightContinue: false,
+    optionsSuccessStatus: 204
+  };
+
+  function isString(s) {
+    return typeof s === 'string' || s instanceof String;
+  }
+
+  function isOriginAllowed(origin, allowedOrigin) {
+    if (Array.isArray(allowedOrigin)) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < allowedOrigin.length; ++i) {
+        if (isOriginAllowed(origin, allowedOrigin[i])) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    } else if (isString(allowedOrigin)) {
+      return origin === allowedOrigin;
+    } else if (allowedOrigin instanceof RegExp) {
+      return allowedOrigin.test(origin);
+    } else {
+      return !!allowedOrigin;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function configureOrigin(options, req) {
+    var requestOrigin = req.headers.origin,
+      headers = [],
+      isAllowed;
+
+    if (!options.origin || options.origin === '*') {
+      // allow any origin
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin',
+        value: '*'
+      }]);
+    } else if (isString(options.origin)) {
+      // fixed origin
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin',
+        value: options.origin
+      }]);
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Vary',
+        value: 'Origin'
+      }]);
+    } else {
+      isAllowed = isOriginAllowed(requestOrigin, options.origin);
+      // reflect origin
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin',
+        value: isAllowed ? requestOrigin : false
+      }]);
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Vary',
+        value: 'Origin'
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    return headers;
+  }
+
+  function configureMethods(options) {
+    var methods = options.methods;
+    if (methods.join) {
+      methods = options.methods.join(','); // .methods is an array, so turn it into a string
+    }
+    return {
+      key: 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods',
+      value: methods
+    };
+  }
+
+  function configureCredentials(options) {
+    if (options.credentials === true) {
+      return {
+        key: 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials',
+        value: 'true'
+      };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  function configureAllowedHeaders(options, req) {
+    var allowedHeaders = options.allowedHeaders || options.headers;
+    var headers = [];
+
+    if (!allowedHeaders) {
+      allowedHeaders = req.headers['access-control-request-headers']; // .headers wasn't specified, so reflect the request headers
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Vary',
+        value: 'Access-Control-Request-Headers'
+      }]);
+    } else if (allowedHeaders.join) {
+      allowedHeaders = allowedHeaders.join(','); // .headers is an array, so turn it into a string
+    }
+    if (allowedHeaders && allowedHeaders.length) {
+      headers.push([{
+        key: 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers',
+        value: allowedHeaders
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    return headers;
+  }
+
+  function configureExposedHeaders(options) {
+    var headers = options.exposedHeaders;
+    if (!headers) {
+      return null;
+    } else if (headers.join) {
+      headers = headers.join(','); // .headers is an array, so turn it into a string
+    }
+    if (headers && headers.length) {
+      return {
+        key: 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers',
+        value: headers
+      };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  function configureMaxAge(options) {
+    var maxAge = (typeof options.maxAge === 'number' || options.maxAge) && options.maxAge.toString()
+    if (maxAge && maxAge.length) {
+      return {
+        key: 'Access-Control-Max-Age',
+        value: maxAge
+      };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  function applyHeaders(headers, res) {
+    for (var i = 0, n = headers.length; i < n; i++) {
+      var header = headers[i];
+      if (header) {
+        if (Array.isArray(header)) {
+          applyHeaders(header, res);
+        } else if (header.key === 'Vary' && header.value) {
+          vary(res, header.value);
+        } else if (header.value) {
+          res.setHeader(header.key, header.value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function cors(options, req, res, next) {
+    var headers = [],
+      method = req.method && req.method.toUpperCase && req.method.toUpperCase();
+
+    if (method === 'OPTIONS') {
+      // preflight
+      headers.push(configureOrigin(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureCredentials(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureMethods(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureAllowedHeaders(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureMaxAge(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureExposedHeaders(options, req));
+      applyHeaders(headers, res);
+
+      if (options.preflightContinue) {
+        next();
+      } else {
+        // Safari (and potentially other browsers) need content-length 0,
+        //   for 204 or they just hang waiting for a body
+        res.statusCode = options.optionsSuccessStatus;
+        res.setHeader('Content-Length', '0');
+        res.end();
+      }
+    } else {
+      // actual response
+      headers.push(configureOrigin(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureCredentials(options, req));
+      headers.push(configureExposedHeaders(options, req));
+      applyHeaders(headers, res);
+      next();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function middlewareWrapper(o) {
+    // if options are static (either via defaults or custom options passed in), wrap in a function
+    var optionsCallback = null;
+    if (typeof o === 'function') {
+      optionsCallback = o;
+    } else {
+      optionsCallback = function (req, cb) {
+        cb(null, o);
+      };
+    }
+
+    return function corsMiddleware(req, res, next) {
+      optionsCallback(req, function (err, options) {
+        if (err) {
+          next(err);
+        } else {
+          var corsOptions = assign({}, defaults, options);
+          var originCallback = null;
+          if (corsOptions.origin && typeof corsOptions.origin === 'function') {
+            originCallback = corsOptions.origin;
+          } else if (corsOptions.origin) {
+            originCallback = function (origin, cb) {
+              cb(null, corsOptions.origin);
+            };
+          }
+
+          if (originCallback) {
+            originCallback(req.headers.origin, function (err2, origin) {
+              if (err2 || !origin) {
+                next(err2);
+              } else {
+                corsOptions.origin = origin;
+                cors(corsOptions, req, res, next);
+              }
+            });
+          } else {
+            next();
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    };
+  }
+
+  // can pass either an options hash, an options delegate, or nothing
+  module.exports = middlewareWrapper;
+
+}());
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/cors/package.json b/backend/node_modules/cors/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16ec8f550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/cors/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "_from": "cors@^2.8.5",
+  "_id": "cors@2.8.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-KIHbLJqu73RGr/hnbrO9uBeixNGuvSQjul/jdFvS/KFSIH1hWVd1ng7zOHx+YrEfInLG7q4n6GHQ9cDtxv/P6g==",
+  "_location": "/cors",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "cors@^2.8.5",
+    "name": "cors",
+    "escapedName": "cors",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.8.5",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.8.5"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cors/-/cors-2.8.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "eac11da51592dd86b9f06f6e7ac293b3df875d29",
+  "_spec": "cors@^2.8.5",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Troy Goode",
+    "email": "troygoode@gmail.com",
+    "url": "https://github.com/troygoode/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/cors/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "object-assign": "^4",
+    "vary": "^1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js CORS middleware",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "after": "0.8.2",
+    "eslint": "2.13.1",
+    "express": "4.16.3",
+    "mocha": "5.2.0",
+    "nyc": "13.1.0",
+    "supertest": "3.3.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/index.js",
+    "CONTRIBUTING.md",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/expressjs/cors#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "cors",
+    "express",
+    "connect",
+    "middleware"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./lib/index.js",
+  "name": "cors",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/expressjs/cors.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib test",
+    "test": "npm run lint && nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text mocha --require test/support/env"
+  },
+  "version": "2.8.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/.coveralls.yml b/backend/node_modules/debug/.coveralls.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20a706858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/.coveralls.yml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+repo_token: SIAeZjKYlHK74rbcFvNHMUzjRiMpflxve
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/.eslintrc b/backend/node_modules/debug/.eslintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a37ae2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/.eslintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "env": {
+    "browser": true,
+    "node": true
+  },
+  "rules": {
+    "no-console": 0,
+    "no-empty": [1, { "allowEmptyCatch": true }]
+  },
+  "extends": "eslint:recommended"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/debug/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f60eecc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+support
+test
+examples
+example
+*.sock
+dist
+yarn.lock
+coverage
+bower.json
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/debug/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c6090c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "6"
+  - "5"
+  - "4"
+
+install:
+  - make node_modules
+
+script:
+  - make lint
+  - make test
+  - make coveralls
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/debug/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eadaa1895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+
+2.6.9 / 2017-09-22
+==================
+
+  * remove ReDoS regexp in %o formatter (#504)
+
+2.6.8 / 2017-05-18
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Check for undefined on browser globals (#462, @marbemac)
+
+2.6.7 / 2017-05-16
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Update ms to 2.0.0 to fix regular expression denial of service vulnerability (#458, @hubdotcom)
+  * Fix: Inline extend function in node implementation (#452, @dougwilson)
+  * Docs: Fix typo (#455, @msasad)
+
+2.6.5 / 2017-04-27
+==================
+  
+  * Fix: null reference check on window.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance (#447, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: clean up browser reference checks (#447, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: add npm-debug.log to .gitignore (@thebigredgeek)
+
+
+2.6.4 / 2017-04-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: bug that would occure if process.env.DEBUG is a non-string value. (#444, @LucianBuzzo)
+  * Chore: ignore bower.json in npm installations. (#437, @joaovieira)
+  * Misc: update "ms" to v0.7.3 (@tootallnate)
+
+2.6.3 / 2017-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Electron reference to `process.env.DEBUG` (#431, @paulcbetts)
+  * Docs: Changelog fix (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.6.2 / 2017-03-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix: DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH (#420, @slavaGanzin)
+  * Docs: Add backers and sponsors from Open Collective (#422, @piamancini)
+  * Docs: Add Slackin invite badge (@tootallnate)
+
+2.6.1 / 2017-02-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Module's `export default` syntax fix for IE8 `Expected identifier` error
+  * Fix: Whitelist DEBUG_FD for values 1 and 2 only (#415, @pi0)
+  * Fix: IE8 "Expected identifier" error (#414, @vgoma)
+  * Fix: Namespaces would not disable once enabled (#409, @musikov)
+
+2.6.0 / 2016-12-28
+==================
+
+  * Fix: added better null pointer checks for browser useColors (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Improvement: removed explicit `window.debug` export (#404, @tootallnate)
+  * Improvement: deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable (#405, @tootallnate)
+
+2.5.2 / 2016-12-25
+==================
+
+  * Fix: reference error on window within webworkers (#393, @KlausTrainer)
+  * Docs: fixed README typo (#391, @lurch)
+  * Docs: added notice about v3 api discussion (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.5.1 / 2016-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: babel-core compatibility
+
+2.5.0 / 2016-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: wrong reference in bower file (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Fix: webworker compatibility (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Fix: output formatting issue (#388, @kribblo)
+  * Fix: babel-loader compatibility (#383, @escwald)
+  * Misc: removed built asset from repo and publications (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: moved source files to /src (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Test: added karma integration and replaced babel with browserify for browser tests (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Test: coveralls integration (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Docs: simplified language in the opening paragraph (#373, @yamikuronue)
+
+2.4.5 / 2016-12-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix: `navigator` undefined in Rhino (#376, @jochenberger)
+  * Fix: custom log function (#379, @hsiliev)
+  * Improvement: bit of cleanup + linting fixes (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Improvement: rm non-maintainted `dist/` dir (#375, @freewil)
+  * Docs: simplified language in the opening paragraph. (#373, @yamikuronue)
+
+2.4.4 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: work around debug being loaded in preload scripts for electron (#368, @paulcbetts)
+
+2.4.3 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: navigation.userAgent error for react native (#364, @escwald)
+
+2.4.2 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: browser colors (#367, @tootallnate)
+  * Misc: travis ci integration (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: added linting and testing boilerplate with sanity check (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.4.1 / 2016-12-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: typo that broke the package (#356)
+
+2.4.0 / 2016-12-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: bower.json references unbuilt src entry point (#342, @justmatt)
+  * Fix: revert "handle regex special characters" (@tootallnate)
+  * Feature: configurable util.inspect()`options for NodeJS (#327, @tootallnate)
+  * Feature: %O`(big O) pretty-prints objects (#322, @tootallnate)
+  * Improvement: allow colors in workers (#335, @botverse)
+  * Improvement: use same color for same namespace. (#338, @lchenay)
+
+2.3.3 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Catch `JSON.stringify()` errors (#195, Jovan Alleyne)
+  * Fix: Returning `localStorage` saved values (#331, Levi Thomason)
+  * Improvement: Don't create an empty object when no `process` (Nathan Rajlich)
+
+2.3.2 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: be super-safe in index.js as well (@TooTallNate)
+  * Fix: should check whether process exists (Tom Newby)
+
+2.3.1 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Added electron compatibility (#324, @paulcbetts)
+  * Improvement: Added performance optimizations (@tootallnate)
+  * Readme: Corrected PowerShell environment variable example (#252, @gimre)
+  * Misc: Removed yarn lock file from source control (#321, @fengmk2)
+
+2.3.0 / 2016-11-07
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Consistent placement of ms diff at end of output (#215, @gorangajic)
+  * Fix: Escaping of regex special characters in namespace strings (#250, @zacronos)
+  * Fix: Fixed bug causing crash on react-native (#282, @vkarpov15)
+  * Feature: Enabled ES6+ compatible import via default export (#212 @bucaran)
+  * Feature: Added %O formatter to reflect Chrome's console.log capability (#279, @oncletom)
+  * Package: Update "ms" to 0.7.2 (#315, @DevSide)
+  * Package: removed superfluous version property from bower.json (#207 @kkirsche)
+  * Readme: fix USE_COLORS to DEBUG_COLORS
+  * Readme: Doc fixes for format string sugar (#269, @mlucool)
+  * Readme: Updated docs for DEBUG_FD and DEBUG_COLORS environment variables (#232, @mattlyons0)
+  * Readme: doc fixes for PowerShell (#271 #243, @exoticknight @unreadable)
+  * Readme: better docs for browser support (#224, @matthewmueller)
+  * Tooling: Added yarn integration for development (#317, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: Renamed History.md to CHANGELOG.md (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: Added license file (#226 #274, @CantemoInternal @sdaitzman)
+  * Misc: Updated contributors (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.2.0 / 2015-05-09
+==================
+
+  * package: update "ms" to v0.7.1 (#202, @dougwilson)
+  * README: add logging to file example (#193, @DanielOchoa)
+  * README: fixed a typo (#191, @amir-s)
+  * browser: expose `storage` (#190, @stephenmathieson)
+  * Makefile: add a `distclean` target (#189, @stephenmathieson)
+
+2.1.3 / 2015-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Updated stdout/stderr example (#186)
+  * Updated example/stdout.js to match debug current behaviour
+  * Renamed example/stderr.js to stdout.js
+  * Update Readme.md (#184)
+  * replace high intensity foreground color for bold (#182, #183)
+
+2.1.2 / 2015-03-01
+==================
+
+  * dist: recompile
+  * update "ms" to v0.7.0
+  * package: update "browserify" to v9.0.3
+  * component: fix "ms.js" repo location
+  * changed bower package name
+  * updated documentation about using debug in a browser
+  * fix: security error on safari (#167, #168, @yields)
+
+2.1.1 / 2014-12-29
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `typeof` to check for `console` existence
+  * browser: check for `console.log` truthiness (fix IE 8/9)
+  * browser: add support for Chrome apps
+  * Readme: added Windows usage remarks
+  * Add `bower.json` to properly support bower install
+
+2.1.0 / 2014-10-15
+==================
+
+  * node: implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+  * package: update "browserify" to v6.1.0
+  * package: add "license" field to package.json (#135, @panuhorsmalahti)
+
+2.0.0 / 2014-09-01
+==================
+
+  * package: update "browserify" to v5.11.0
+  * node: use stderr rather than stdout for logging (#29, @stephenmathieson)
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-07-15
+==================
+
+  * dist: recompile
+  * example: remove `console.info()` log usage
+  * example: add "Content-Type" UTF-8 header to browser example
+  * browser: place %c marker after the space character
+  * browser: reset the "content" color via `color: inherit`
+  * browser: add colors support for Firefox >= v31
+  * debug: prefer an instance `log()` function over the global one (#119)
+  * Readme: update documentation about styled console logs for FF v31 (#116, @wryk)
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-07-09
+==================
+
+  * Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces (#122, @seegno)
+  * browser: fix lint
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-06-10
+==================
+
+  * browser: update color palette (#113, @gscottolson)
+  * common: make console logging function configurable (#108, @timoxley)
+  * node: fix %o colors on old node <= 0.8.x
+  * Makefile: find node path using shell/which (#109, @timoxley)
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-06-06
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `removeItem()` to clear localStorage
+  * browser, node: don't set DEBUG if namespaces is undefined (#107, @leedm777)
+  * package: add "contributors" section
+  * node: fix comment typo
+  * README: list authors
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-06-04
+==================
+
+  * make ms diff be global, not be scope
+  * debug: ignore empty strings in enable()
+  * node: make DEBUG_COLORS able to disable coloring
+  * *: export the `colors` array
+  * npmignore: don't publish the `dist` dir
+  * Makefile: refactor to use browserify
+  * package: add "browserify" as a dev dependency
+  * Readme: add Web Inspector Colors section
+  * node: reset terminal color for the debug content
+  * node: map "%o" to `util.inspect()`
+  * browser: map "%j" to `JSON.stringify()`
+  * debug: add custom "formatters"
+  * debug: use "ms" module for humanizing the diff
+  * Readme: add "bash" syntax highlighting
+  * browser: add Firebug color support
+  * browser: add colors for WebKit browsers
+  * node: apply log to `console`
+  * rewrite: abstract common logic for Node & browsers
+  * add .jshintrc file
+
+0.8.1 / 2014-04-14
+==================
+
+  * package: re-add the "component" section
+
+0.8.0 / 2014-03-30
+==================
+
+  * add `enable()` method for nodejs. Closes #27
+  * change from stderr to stdout
+  * remove unnecessary index.js file
+
+0.7.4 / 2013-11-13
+==================
+
+  * remove "browserify" key from package.json (fixes something in browserify)
+
+0.7.3 / 2013-10-30
+==================
+
+  * fix: catch localStorage security error when cookies are blocked (Chrome)
+  * add debug(err) support. Closes #46
+  * add .browser prop to package.json. Closes #42
+
+0.7.2 / 2013-02-06
+==================
+
+  * fix package.json
+  * fix: Mobile Safari (private mode) is broken with debug
+  * fix: Use unicode to send escape character to shell instead of octal to work with strict mode javascript
+
+0.7.1 / 2013-02-05
+==================
+
+  * add repository URL to package.json
+  * add DEBUG_COLORED to force colored output
+  * add browserify support
+  * fix component. Closes #24
+
+0.7.0 / 2012-05-04
+==================
+
+  * Added .component to package.json
+  * Added debug.component.js build
+
+0.6.0 / 2012-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Added support for "-" prefix in DEBUG [Vinay Pulim]
+  * Added `.enabled` flag to the node version [TooTallNate]
+
+0.5.0 / 2012-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Added: humanize diffs. Closes #8
+  * Added `debug.disable()` to the CS variant
+  * Removed padding. Closes #10
+  * Fixed: persist client-side variant again. Closes #9
+
+0.4.0 / 2012-02-01
+==================
+
+  * Added browser variant support for older browsers [TooTallNate]
+  * Added `debug.enable('project:*')` to browser variant [TooTallNate]
+  * Added padding to diff (moved it to the right)
+
+0.3.0 / 2012-01-26
+==================
+
+  * Added millisecond diff when isatty, otherwise UTC string
+
+0.2.0 / 2012-01-22
+==================
+
+  * Added wildcard support
+
+0.1.0 / 2011-12-02
+==================
+
+  * Added: remove colors unless stderr isatty [TooTallNate]
+
+0.0.1 / 2010-01-03
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658c933d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software 
+and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, 
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial 
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/debug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..584da8bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# get Makefile directory name: http://stackoverflow.com/a/5982798/376773
+THIS_MAKEFILE_PATH:=$(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
+THIS_DIR:=$(shell cd $(dir $(THIS_MAKEFILE_PATH));pwd)
+
+# BIN directory
+BIN := $(THIS_DIR)/node_modules/.bin
+
+# Path
+PATH := node_modules/.bin:$(PATH)
+SHELL := /bin/bash
+
+# applications
+NODE ?= $(shell which node)
+YARN ?= $(shell which yarn)
+PKG ?= $(if $(YARN),$(YARN),$(NODE) $(shell which npm))
+BROWSERIFY ?= $(NODE) $(BIN)/browserify
+
+.FORCE:
+
+install: node_modules
+
+node_modules: package.json
+	@NODE_ENV= $(PKG) install
+	@touch node_modules
+
+lint: .FORCE
+	eslint browser.js debug.js index.js node.js
+
+test-node: .FORCE
+	istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- test/**.js
+
+test-browser: .FORCE
+	mkdir -p dist
+
+	@$(BROWSERIFY) \
+		--standalone debug \
+		. > dist/debug.js
+
+	karma start --single-run
+	rimraf dist
+
+test: .FORCE
+	concurrently \
+		"make test-node" \
+		"make test-browser"
+
+coveralls:
+	cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
+
+.PHONY: all install clean distclean
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/README.md b/backend/node_modules/debug/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f67be6b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+# debug
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug)  [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/visionmedia/debug/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/visionmedia/debug?branch=master)  [![Slack](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/backers/badge.svg)](#backers) 
+[![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsors/badge.svg)](#sponsors)
+
+
+
+A tiny node.js debugging utility modelled after node core's debugging technique.
+
+**Discussion around the V3 API is under way [here](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues/370)**
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+$ npm install debug
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+`debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
+
+Example _app.js_:
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('http')
+  , http = require('http')
+  , name = 'My App';
+
+// fake app
+
+debug('booting %s', name);
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res){
+  debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
+  res.end('hello\n');
+}).listen(3000, function(){
+  debug('listening');
+});
+
+// fake worker of some kind
+
+require('./worker');
+```
+
+Example _worker.js_:
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('worker');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  debug('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+```
+
+ The __DEBUG__ environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or comma-delimited names. Here are some examples:
+
+  ![debug http and worker](http://f.cl.ly/items/18471z1H402O24072r1J/Screenshot.png)
+
+  ![debug worker](http://f.cl.ly/items/1X413v1a3M0d3C2c1E0i/Screenshot.png)
+
+#### Windows note
+
+ On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
+
+ ```cmd
+ set DEBUG=*,-not_this
+ ```
+
+ Note that PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
+
+ ```cmd
+ $env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
+  ```
+
+Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
+
+## Millisecond diff
+
+  When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
+
+  ![](http://f.cl.ly/items/2i3h1d3t121M2Z1A3Q0N/Screenshot.png)
+
+  When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toUTCString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
+
+  ![](http://f.cl.ly/items/112H3i0e0o0P0a2Q2r11/Screenshot.png)
+
+## Conventions
+
+  If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser".
+
+## Wildcards
+
+  The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session", instead of listing all three with `DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do `DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
+
+  You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character.  For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those starting with "connect:".
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+  When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
+  change the behavior of the debug logging:
+
+| Name      | Purpose                                         |
+|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| `DEBUG`   | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
+| `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
+| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth. |
+| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
+
+
+  __Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
+  converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
+  See the Node.js documentation for
+  [`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
+  for the complete list.
+
+## Formatters
+
+
+  Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting. Below are the officially supported formatters:
+
+| Formatter | Representation |
+|-----------|----------------|
+| `%O`      | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
+| `%o`      | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
+| `%s`      | String. |
+| `%d`      | Number (both integer and float). |
+| `%j`      | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
+| `%%`      | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
+
+### Custom formatters
+
+  You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object. For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with `%h`, you could do something like:
+
+```js
+const createDebug = require('debug')
+createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
+  return v.toString('hex')
+}
+
+// …elsewhere
+const debug = createDebug('foo')
+debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
+//   foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
+```
+
+## Browser support
+  You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
+  or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
+  if you don't want to build it yourself.
+
+  Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
+  Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
+  and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
+
+```js
+localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
+```
+
+And then refresh the page.
+
+```js
+a = debug('worker:a');
+b = debug('worker:b');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  a('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  b('doing some work');
+}, 1200);
+```
+
+#### Web Inspector Colors
+
+  Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
+  option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
+  31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
+  and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
+
+  Colored output looks something like:
+
+  ![](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/71256/3139768/b98c5fd8-e8ef-11e3-862a-f7253b6f47c6.png)
+
+
+## Output streams
+
+  By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
+
+Example _stdout.js_:
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug');
+var error = debug('app:error');
+
+// by default stderr is used
+error('goes to stderr!');
+
+var log = debug('app:log');
+// set this namespace to log via console.log
+log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
+log('goes to stdout');
+error('still goes to stderr!');
+
+// set all output to go via console.info
+// overrides all per-namespace log settings
+debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
+error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
+log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
+```
+
+
+## Authors
+
+ - TJ Holowaychuk
+ - Nathan Rajlich
+ - Andrew Rhyne
+ 
+## Backers
+
+Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/6/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/6/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/7/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/7/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/8/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/9/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/9/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/5/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+## License
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/component.json b/backend/node_modules/debug/component.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9de26410f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/component.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "name": "debug",
+  "repo": "visionmedia/debug",
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "version": "2.6.9",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "main": "src/browser.js",
+  "scripts": [
+    "src/browser.js",
+    "src/debug.js"
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "rauchg/ms.js": "0.7.1"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/karma.conf.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/karma.conf.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..103a82d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/karma.conf.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Karma configuration
+// Generated on Fri Dec 16 2016 13:09:51 GMT+0000 (UTC)
+
+module.exports = function(config) {
+  config.set({
+
+    // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
+    basePath: '',
+
+
+    // frameworks to use
+    // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
+    frameworks: ['mocha', 'chai', 'sinon'],
+
+
+    // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
+    files: [
+      'dist/debug.js',
+      'test/*spec.js'
+    ],
+
+
+    // list of files to exclude
+    exclude: [
+      'src/node.js'
+    ],
+
+
+    // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
+    // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
+    preprocessors: {
+    },
+
+    // test results reporter to use
+    // possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
+    // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
+    reporters: ['progress'],
+
+
+    // web server port
+    port: 9876,
+
+
+    // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
+    colors: true,
+
+
+    // level of logging
+    // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
+    logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
+
+
+    // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
+    autoWatch: true,
+
+
+    // start these browsers
+    // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
+    browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
+
+
+    // Continuous Integration mode
+    // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
+    singleRun: false,
+
+    // Concurrency level
+    // how many browser should be started simultaneous
+    concurrency: Infinity
+  })
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/node.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fc36fe6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./src/node');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/package.json b/backend/node_modules/debug/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72fa507d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "_from": "debug@2.6.9",
+  "_id": "debug@2.6.9",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-bC7ElrdJaJnPbAP+1EotYvqZsb3ecl5wi6Bfi6BJTUcNowp6cvspg0jXznRTKDjm/E7AdgFBVeAPVMNcKGsHMA==",
+  "_location": "/debug",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "debug@2.6.9",
+    "name": "debug",
+    "escapedName": "debug",
+    "rawSpec": "2.6.9",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.6.9"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/express",
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-2.6.9.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "5d128515df134ff327e90a4c93f4e077a536341f",
+  "_spec": "debug@2.6.9",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
+  },
+  "browser": "./src/browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "component": {
+    "scripts": {
+      "debug/index.js": "browser.js",
+      "debug/debug.js": "debug.js"
+    }
+  },
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+      "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+      "url": "http://n8.io"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Andrew Rhyne",
+      "email": "rhyneandrew@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ms": "2.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "browserify": "9.0.3",
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "concurrently": "^3.1.0",
+    "coveralls": "^2.11.15",
+    "eslint": "^3.12.1",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "karma": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-chai": "^0.1.0",
+    "karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
+    "karma-sinon": "^1.0.5",
+    "mocha": "^3.2.0",
+    "mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
+    "rimraf": "^2.5.4",
+    "sinon": "^1.17.6",
+    "sinon-chai": "^2.8.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./src/index.js",
+  "name": "debug",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/visionmedia/debug.git"
+  },
+  "version": "2.6.9"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..710692493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/**
+ * This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = require('./debug');
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.storage = 'undefined' != typeof chrome
+               && 'undefined' != typeof chrome.storage
+                  ? chrome.storage.local
+                  : localstorage();
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [
+  'lightseagreen',
+  'forestgreen',
+  'goldenrod',
+  'dodgerblue',
+  'darkorchid',
+  'crimson'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
+ * and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
+ * to support "%c" CSS customizations.
+ *
+ * TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  // NB: In an Electron preload script, document will be defined but not fully
+  // initialized. Since we know we're in Chrome, we'll just detect this case
+  // explicitly
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.process && window.process.type === 'renderer') {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
+  // document is undefined in react-native: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/1632
+  return (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement && document.documentElement.style && document.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance) ||
+    // is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
+    (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.console && (window.console.firebug || (window.console.exception && window.console.table))) ||
+    // is firefox >= v31?
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
+    (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/) && parseInt(RegExp.$1, 10) >= 31) ||
+    // double check webkit in userAgent just in case we are in a worker
+    (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/applewebkit\/(\d+)/));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.j = function(v) {
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(v);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return '[UnexpectedJSONParseError]: ' + err.message;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Colorize log arguments if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  args[0] = (useColors ? '%c' : '')
+    + this.namespace
+    + (useColors ? ' %c' : ' ')
+    + args[0]
+    + (useColors ? '%c ' : ' ')
+    + '+' + exports.humanize(this.diff);
+
+  if (!useColors) return;
+
+  var c = 'color: ' + this.color;
+  args.splice(1, 0, c, 'color: inherit')
+
+  // the final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
+  // arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
+  // figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
+  var index = 0;
+  var lastC = 0;
+  args[0].replace(/%[a-zA-Z%]/g, function(match) {
+    if ('%%' === match) return;
+    index++;
+    if ('%c' === match) {
+      // we only are interested in the *last* %c
+      // (the user may have provided their own)
+      lastC = index;
+    }
+  });
+
+  args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.log()` when available.
+ * No-op when `console.log` is not a "function".
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  // this hackery is required for IE8/9, where
+  // the `console.log` function doesn't have 'apply'
+  return 'object' === typeof console
+    && console.log
+    && Function.prototype.apply.call(console.log, console, arguments);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  try {
+    if (null == namespaces) {
+      exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
+    } else {
+      exports.storage.debug = namespaces;
+    }
+  } catch(e) {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  var r;
+  try {
+    r = exports.storage.debug;
+  } catch(e) {}
+
+  // If debug isn't set in LS, and we're in Electron, try to load $DEBUG
+  if (!r && typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'env' in process) {
+    r = process.env.DEBUG;
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `localStorage.debug` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
+
+/**
+ * Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
+ *
+ * This is necessary because safari throws
+ * when a user disables cookies/localstorage
+ * and you attempt to access it.
+ *
+ * @return {LocalStorage}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function localstorage() {
+  try {
+    return window.localStorage;
+  } catch (e) {}
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/src/debug.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/debug.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a5e3fc94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/debug.js
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+/**
+ * This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
+ * implementations of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = createDebug.debug = createDebug['default'] = createDebug;
+exports.coerce = coerce;
+exports.disable = disable;
+exports.enable = enable;
+exports.enabled = enabled;
+exports.humanize = require('ms');
+
+/**
+ * The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
+ */
+
+exports.names = [];
+exports.skips = [];
+
+/**
+ * Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
+ *
+ * Valid key names are a single, lower or upper-case letter, i.e. "n" and "N".
+ */
+
+exports.formatters = {};
+
+/**
+ * Previous log timestamp.
+ */
+
+var prevTime;
+
+/**
+ * Select a color.
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function selectColor(namespace) {
+  var hash = 0, i;
+
+  for (i in namespace) {
+    hash  = ((hash << 5) - hash) + namespace.charCodeAt(i);
+    hash |= 0; // Convert to 32bit integer
+  }
+
+  return exports.colors[Math.abs(hash) % exports.colors.length];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function createDebug(namespace) {
+
+  function debug() {
+    // disabled?
+    if (!debug.enabled) return;
+
+    var self = debug;
+
+    // set `diff` timestamp
+    var curr = +new Date();
+    var ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
+    self.diff = ms;
+    self.prev = prevTime;
+    self.curr = curr;
+    prevTime = curr;
+
+    // turn the `arguments` into a proper Array
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i];
+    }
+
+    args[0] = exports.coerce(args[0]);
+
+    if ('string' !== typeof args[0]) {
+      // anything else let's inspect with %O
+      args.unshift('%O');
+    }
+
+    // apply any `formatters` transformations
+    var index = 0;
+    args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-zA-Z%])/g, function(match, format) {
+      // if we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
+      if (match === '%%') return match;
+      index++;
+      var formatter = exports.formatters[format];
+      if ('function' === typeof formatter) {
+        var val = args[index];
+        match = formatter.call(self, val);
+
+        // now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
+        args.splice(index, 1);
+        index--;
+      }
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    // apply env-specific formatting (colors, etc.)
+    exports.formatArgs.call(self, args);
+
+    var logFn = debug.log || exports.log || console.log.bind(console);
+    logFn.apply(self, args);
+  }
+
+  debug.namespace = namespace;
+  debug.enabled = exports.enabled(namespace);
+  debug.useColors = exports.useColors();
+  debug.color = selectColor(namespace);
+
+  // env-specific initialization logic for debug instances
+  if ('function' === typeof exports.init) {
+    exports.init(debug);
+  }
+
+  return debug;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
+ * separated by a colon and wildcards.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enable(namespaces) {
+  exports.save(namespaces);
+
+  exports.names = [];
+  exports.skips = [];
+
+  var split = (typeof namespaces === 'string' ? namespaces : '').split(/[\s,]+/);
+  var len = split.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (!split[i]) continue; // ignore empty strings
+    namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
+    if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
+      exports.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.substr(1) + '$'));
+    } else {
+      exports.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Disable debug output.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function disable() {
+  exports.enable('');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enabled(name) {
+  var i, len;
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.skips[i].test(name)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.names.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.names[i].test(name)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerce `val`.
+ *
+ * @param {Mixed} val
+ * @return {Mixed}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function coerce(val) {
+  if (val instanceof Error) return val.stack || val.message;
+  return val;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/src/index.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e12cf4d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * Detect Electron renderer process, which is node, but we should
+ * treat as a browser.
+ */
+
+if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.type === 'renderer') {
+  module.exports = require('./browser.js');
+} else {
+  module.exports = require('./node.js');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/src/inspector-log.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/inspector-log.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ea6c04a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/inspector-log.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module.exports = inspectorLog;
+
+// black hole
+const nullStream = new (require('stream').Writable)();
+nullStream._write = () => {};
+
+/**
+ * Outputs a `console.log()` to the Node.js Inspector console *only*.
+ */
+function inspectorLog() {
+  const stdout = console._stdout;
+  console._stdout = nullStream;
+  console.log.apply(console, arguments);
+  console._stdout = stdout;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/debug/src/node.js b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b15109c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var tty = require('tty');
+var util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * This is the Node.js implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = require('./debug');
+exports.init = init;
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1];
+
+/**
+ * Build up the default `inspectOpts` object from the environment variables.
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_COLORS=no DEBUG_DEPTH=10 DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN=enabled node script.js
+ */
+
+exports.inspectOpts = Object.keys(process.env).filter(function (key) {
+  return /^debug_/i.test(key);
+}).reduce(function (obj, key) {
+  // camel-case
+  var prop = key
+    .substring(6)
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/_([a-z])/g, function (_, k) { return k.toUpperCase() });
+
+  // coerce string value into JS value
+  var val = process.env[key];
+  if (/^(yes|on|true|enabled)$/i.test(val)) val = true;
+  else if (/^(no|off|false|disabled)$/i.test(val)) val = false;
+  else if (val === 'null') val = null;
+  else val = Number(val);
+
+  obj[prop] = val;
+  return obj;
+}, {});
+
+/**
+ * The file descriptor to write the `debug()` calls to.
+ * Set the `DEBUG_FD` env variable to override with another value. i.e.:
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_FD=3 node script.js 3>debug.log
+ */
+
+var fd = parseInt(process.env.DEBUG_FD, 10) || 2;
+
+if (1 !== fd && 2 !== fd) {
+  util.deprecate(function(){}, 'except for stderr(2) and stdout(1), any other usage of DEBUG_FD is deprecated. Override debug.log if you want to use a different log function (https://git.io/debug_fd)')()
+}
+
+var stream = 1 === fd ? process.stdout :
+             2 === fd ? process.stderr :
+             createWritableStdioStream(fd);
+
+/**
+ * Is stdout a TTY? Colored output is enabled when `true`.
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  return 'colors' in exports.inspectOpts
+    ? Boolean(exports.inspectOpts.colors)
+    : tty.isatty(fd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, all on a single line.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.o = function(v) {
+  this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+  return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts)
+    .split('\n').map(function(str) {
+      return str.trim()
+    }).join(' ');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, allowing multiple lines if needed.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.O = function(v) {
+  this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+  return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds ANSI color escape codes if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+  var name = this.namespace;
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  if (useColors) {
+    var c = this.color;
+    var prefix = '  \u001b[3' + c + ';1m' + name + ' ' + '\u001b[0m';
+
+    args[0] = prefix + args[0].split('\n').join('\n' + prefix);
+    args.push('\u001b[3' + c + 'm+' + exports.humanize(this.diff) + '\u001b[0m');
+  } else {
+    args[0] = new Date().toUTCString()
+      + ' ' + name + ' ' + args[0];
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `util.format()` with the specified arguments and writes to `stream`.
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  return stream.write(util.format.apply(util, arguments) + '\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  if (null == namespaces) {
+    // If you set a process.env field to null or undefined, it gets cast to the
+    // string 'null' or 'undefined'. Just delete instead.
+    delete process.env.DEBUG;
+  } else {
+    process.env.DEBUG = namespaces;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  return process.env.DEBUG;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copied from `node/src/node.js`.
+ *
+ * XXX: It's lame that node doesn't expose this API out-of-the-box. It also
+ * relies on the undocumented `tty_wrap.guessHandleType()` which is also lame.
+ */
+
+function createWritableStdioStream (fd) {
+  var stream;
+  var tty_wrap = process.binding('tty_wrap');
+
+  // Note stream._type is used for test-module-load-list.js
+
+  switch (tty_wrap.guessHandleType(fd)) {
+    case 'TTY':
+      stream = new tty.WriteStream(fd);
+      stream._type = 'tty';
+
+      // Hack to have stream not keep the event loop alive.
+      // See https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/1726
+      if (stream._handle && stream._handle.unref) {
+        stream._handle.unref();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'FILE':
+      var fs = require('fs');
+      stream = new fs.SyncWriteStream(fd, { autoClose: false });
+      stream._type = 'fs';
+      break;
+
+    case 'PIPE':
+    case 'TCP':
+      var net = require('net');
+      stream = new net.Socket({
+        fd: fd,
+        readable: false,
+        writable: true
+      });
+
+      // FIXME Should probably have an option in net.Socket to create a
+      // stream from an existing fd which is writable only. But for now
+      // we'll just add this hack and set the `readable` member to false.
+      // Test: ./node test/fixtures/echo.js < /etc/passwd
+      stream.readable = false;
+      stream.read = null;
+      stream._type = 'pipe';
+
+      // FIXME Hack to have stream not keep the event loop alive.
+      // See https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/1726
+      if (stream._handle && stream._handle.unref) {
+        stream._handle.unref();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // Probably an error on in uv_guess_handle()
+      throw new Error('Implement me. Unknown stream file type!');
+  }
+
+  // For supporting legacy API we put the FD here.
+  stream.fd = fd;
+
+  stream._isStdio = true;
+
+  return stream;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Init logic for `debug` instances.
+ *
+ * Create a new `inspectOpts` object in case `useColors` is set
+ * differently for a particular `debug` instance.
+ */
+
+function init (debug) {
+  debug.inspectOpts = {};
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(exports.inspectOpts);
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    debug.inspectOpts[keys[i]] = exports.inspectOpts[keys[i]];
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `process.env.DEBUG` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/delegates/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2658d7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/History.md b/backend/node_modules/delegates/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25959eab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+1.0.0 / 2015-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Merge pull request #12 from kasicka/master
+  * Add license text
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-10-17
+==================
+
+ * adds `.fluent()` to api
+
+0.0.3 / 2014-01-13
+==================
+
+ * fix receiver for .method()
+
+0.0.2 / 2014-01-13
+==================
+
+ * Object.defineProperty() sucks
+ * Initial commit
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/License b/backend/node_modules/delegates/License
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60de60add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/License
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/delegates/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9dcfd50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+test:
+	@./node_modules/.bin/mocha \
+		--require should \
+		--reporter spec \
+		--bail
+
+.PHONY: test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/delegates/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab8cf4ace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+
+# delegates
+
+  Node method and accessor delegation utilty.
+
+## Installation
+
+```
+$ npm install delegates
+```
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var delegate = require('delegates');
+
+...
+
+delegate(proto, 'request')
+  .method('acceptsLanguages')
+  .method('acceptsEncodings')
+  .method('acceptsCharsets')
+  .method('accepts')
+  .method('is')
+  .access('querystring')
+  .access('idempotent')
+  .access('socket')
+  .access('length')
+  .access('query')
+  .access('search')
+  .access('status')
+  .access('method')
+  .access('path')
+  .access('body')
+  .access('host')
+  .access('url')
+  .getter('subdomains')
+  .getter('protocol')
+  .getter('header')
+  .getter('stale')
+  .getter('fresh')
+  .getter('secure')
+  .getter('ips')
+  .getter('ip')
+```
+
+# API
+
+## Delegate(proto, prop)
+
+Creates a delegator instance used to configure using the `prop` on the given
+`proto` object. (which is usually a prototype)
+
+## Delegate#method(name)
+
+Allows the given method `name` to be accessed on the host.
+
+## Delegate#getter(name)
+
+Creates a "getter" for the property with the given `name` on the delegated
+object.
+
+## Delegate#setter(name)
+
+Creates a "setter" for the property with the given `name` on the delegated
+object.
+
+## Delegate#access(name)
+
+Creates an "accessor" (ie: both getter *and* setter) for the property with the
+given `name` on the delegated object.
+
+## Delegate#fluent(name)
+
+A unique type of "accessor" that works for a "fluent" API. When called as a
+getter, the method returns the expected value. However, if the method is called
+with a value, it will return itself so it can be chained. For example:
+
+```js
+delegate(proto, 'request')
+  .fluent('query')
+
+// getter
+var q = request.query();
+
+// setter (chainable)
+request
+  .query({ a: 1 })
+  .query({ b: 2 });
+```
+
+# License
+
+  MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/index.js b/backend/node_modules/delegates/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17c222d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+
+/**
+ * Expose `Delegator`.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Delegator;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a delegator.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} proto
+ * @param {String} target
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Delegator(proto, target) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Delegator)) return new Delegator(proto, target);
+  this.proto = proto;
+  this.target = target;
+  this.methods = [];
+  this.getters = [];
+  this.setters = [];
+  this.fluents = [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Delegate method `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Delegator} self
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Delegator.prototype.method = function(name){
+  var proto = this.proto;
+  var target = this.target;
+  this.methods.push(name);
+
+  proto[name] = function(){
+    return this[target][name].apply(this[target], arguments);
+  };
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Delegator accessor `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Delegator} self
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Delegator.prototype.access = function(name){
+  return this.getter(name).setter(name);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Delegator getter `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Delegator} self
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Delegator.prototype.getter = function(name){
+  var proto = this.proto;
+  var target = this.target;
+  this.getters.push(name);
+
+  proto.__defineGetter__(name, function(){
+    return this[target][name];
+  });
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Delegator setter `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Delegator} self
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Delegator.prototype.setter = function(name){
+  var proto = this.proto;
+  var target = this.target;
+  this.setters.push(name);
+
+  proto.__defineSetter__(name, function(val){
+    return this[target][name] = val;
+  });
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Delegator fluent accessor
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Delegator} self
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Delegator.prototype.fluent = function (name) {
+  var proto = this.proto;
+  var target = this.target;
+  this.fluents.push(name);
+
+  proto[name] = function(val){
+    if ('undefined' != typeof val) {
+      this[target][name] = val;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return this[target][name];
+    }
+  };
+
+  return this;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/package.json b/backend/node_modules/delegates/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7980166f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "_from": "delegates@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "delegates@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-hMbhWbgZBP3KWaDvRM2HDTElD5o=",
+  "_location": "/delegates",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "delegates@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "delegates",
+    "escapedName": "delegates",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/are-we-there-yet"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/delegates/-/delegates-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "84c6e159b81904fdca59a0ef44cd870d31250f9a",
+  "_spec": "delegates@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\are-we-there-yet",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/node-delegates/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "delegate methods and accessors to another property",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mocha": "*",
+    "should": "*"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/node-delegates#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "delegate",
+    "delegation"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "delegates",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/visionmedia/node-delegates.git"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/delegates/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/delegates/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b6e3d4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/delegates/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+
+var assert = require('assert');
+var delegate = require('..');
+
+describe('.method(name)', function(){
+  it('should delegate methods', function(){
+    var obj = {};
+
+    obj.request = {
+      foo: function(bar){
+        assert(this == obj.request);
+        return bar;
+      }
+    };
+
+    delegate(obj, 'request').method('foo');
+
+    obj.foo('something').should.equal('something');
+  })
+})
+
+describe('.getter(name)', function(){
+  it('should delegate getters', function(){
+    var obj = {};
+
+    obj.request = {
+      get type() {
+        return 'text/html';
+      }
+    }
+
+    delegate(obj, 'request').getter('type');
+
+    obj.type.should.equal('text/html');
+  })
+})
+
+describe('.setter(name)', function(){
+  it('should delegate setters', function(){
+    var obj = {};
+
+    obj.request = {
+      get type() {
+        return this._type.toUpperCase();
+      },
+
+      set type(val) {
+        this._type = val;
+      }
+    }
+
+    delegate(obj, 'request').setter('type');
+
+    obj.type = 'hey';
+    obj.request.type.should.equal('HEY');
+  })
+})
+
+describe('.access(name)', function(){
+  it('should delegate getters and setters', function(){
+    var obj = {};
+
+    obj.request = {
+      get type() {
+        return this._type.toUpperCase();
+      },
+
+      set type(val) {
+        this._type = val;
+      }
+    }
+
+    delegate(obj, 'request').access('type');
+
+    obj.type = 'hey';
+    obj.type.should.equal('HEY');
+  })
+})
+
+describe('.fluent(name)', function () {
+  it('should delegate in a fluent fashion', function () {
+    var obj = {
+      settings: {
+        env: 'development'
+      }
+    };
+
+    delegate(obj, 'settings').fluent('env');
+
+    obj.env().should.equal('development');
+    obj.env('production').should.equal(obj);
+    obj.settings.env.should.equal('production');
+  })
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/denque/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/denque/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb5ffb6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/denque/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+## 1.5.0
+
+ - feat: adds capacity option for circular buffers (#27)
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/denque/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/denque/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd22a2dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/denque/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Copyright (c) 2018 Mike Diarmid (Salakar) <mike.diarmid@gmail.com>
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this library except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/denque/README.md b/backend/node_modules/denque/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6821e0d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/denque/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://invertase.io">
+    <img src="https://static.invertase.io/assets/invertase-logo-small.png"><br/>
+  </a>
+  <h2 align="center">Denque</h2>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/denque"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/denque.svg?style=flat-square" alt="NPM downloads"></a>
+  <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/denque"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/denque.svg?style=flat-square" alt="NPM version"></a>
+  <a href="https://travis-ci.org/Salakar/denque"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/invertase/denque.svg" alt="Build version"></a>
+  <a href="https://coveralls.io/github/invertase/denque?branch=master"><img src="https://coveralls.io/repos/github/invertase/denque/badge.svg?branch=master" alt="Build version"></a>  
+  <a href="/LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/l/denque.svg?style=flat-square" alt="License"></a>
+  <a href="https://discord.gg/C9aK28N"><img src="https://img.shields.io/discord/295953187817521152.svg?logo=discord&style=flat-square&colorA=7289da&label=discord" alt="Chat"></a>
+  <a href="https://twitter.com/invertaseio"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/invertaseio.svg?style=social&label=Follow" alt="Follow on Twitter"></a>
+</p>
+
+Extremely fast and lightweight [double-ended queue](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-ended_queue) implementation with zero dependencies.
+
+Double-ended queues can also be used as a:
+
+- [Stack](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_\(abstract_data_type\))
+- [Queue](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_\(data_structure\))
+
+This implementation is currently the fastest available, even faster than `double-ended-queue`, see the [benchmarks](#benchmarks)
+
+Every queue operation is done at a constant `O(1)` - including random access from `.peekAt(index)`.
+
+**Works on all node versions >= v0.10**
+
+# Quick Start
+
+    npm install denque
+
+```js
+const Denque = require("denque");
+
+const denque = new Denque([1,2,3,4]);
+denque.shift(); // 1
+denque.pop(); // 4
+```
+
+
+# API
+
+- [`new Denque()`](#new-denque---denque)
+- [`new Denque(Array items)`](#new-denquearray-items---denque)
+- [`push(item)`](#pushitem---int)
+- [`unshift(item)`](#unshiftitem---int)
+- [`pop()`](#pop---dynamic)
+- [`shift()`](#shift---dynamic)
+- [`toArray()`](#toarray---array)
+- [`peekBack()`](#peekback---dynamic)
+- [`peekFront()`](#peekfront---dynamic)
+- [`peekAt(int index)`](#peekAtint-index---dynamic)
+- [`remove(int index, int count)`](#remove)
+- [`removeOne(int index)`](#removeOne)
+- [`splice(int index, int count, item1, item2, ...)`](#splice)
+- [`isEmpty()`](#isempty---boolean)
+- [`clear()`](#clear---void)
+
+#### `new Denque()` -> `Denque`
+
+Creates an empty double-ended queue with initial capacity of 4.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque();
+denque.push(1);
+denque.push(2);
+denque.push(3);
+denque.shift(); //1
+denque.pop(); //3
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `new Denque(Array items)` -> `Denque`
+
+Creates a double-ended queue from `items`.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3,4]);
+denque.shift(); // 1
+denque.pop(); // 4
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+
+#### `push(item)` -> `int`
+
+Push an item to the back of this queue. Returns the amount of items currently in the queue after the operation.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque();
+denque.push(1);
+denque.pop(); // 1
+denque.push(2);
+denque.push(3);
+denque.shift(); // 2
+denque.shift(); // 3
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `unshift(item)` -> `int`
+
+Unshift an item to the front of this queue. Returns the amount of items currently in the queue after the operation.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([2,3]);
+denque.unshift(1);
+denque.toString(); // "1,2,3"
+denque.unshift(-2);
+denque.toString(); // "-2,-1,0,1,2,3"
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+
+#### `pop()` -> `dynamic`
+
+Pop off the item at the back of this queue.
+
+Note: The item will be removed from the queue. If you simply want to see what's at the back of the queue use [`peekBack()`](#peekback---dynamic) or [`.peekAt(-1)`](#peekAtint-index---dynamic).
+
+If the queue is empty, `undefined` is returned. If you need to differentiate between `undefined` values in the queue and `pop()` return value -
+check the queue `.length` before popping.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.pop(); // 3
+denque.pop(); // 2
+denque.pop(); // 1
+denque.pop(); // undefined
+```
+
+**Aliases:** `removeBack`
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `shift()` -> `dynamic`
+
+Shifts off the item at the front of this queue.
+
+Note: The item will be removed from the queue. If you simply want to see what's at the front of the queue use [`peekFront()`](#peekfront---dynamic) or [`.peekAt(0)`](#peekAtint-index---dynamic).
+
+If the queue is empty, `undefined` is returned. If you need to differentiate between `undefined` values in the queue and `shift()` return value -
+check the queue `.length` before shifting.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.shift(); // 1
+denque.shift(); // 2
+denque.shift(); // 3
+denque.shift(); // undefined
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `toArray()` -> `Array`
+
+Returns the items in the queue as an array. Starting from the item in the front of the queue and ending to the item at the back of the queue.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.push(4);
+denque.unshift(0);
+denque.toArray(); // [0,1,2,3,4]
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `peekBack()` -> `dynamic`
+
+Returns the item that is at the back of this queue without removing it.
+
+If the queue is empty, `undefined` is returned.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.push(4);
+denque.peekBack(); // 4
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `peekFront()` -> `dynamic`
+
+Returns the item that is at the front of this queue without removing it.
+
+If the queue is empty, `undefined` is returned.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.push(4);
+denque.peekFront(); // 1
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `peekAt(int index)` -> `dynamic`
+
+Returns the item that is at the given `index` of this queue without removing it.
+
+The index is zero-based, so `.peekAt(0)` will return the item that is at the front, `.peekAt(1)` will return
+the item that comes after and so on.
+
+The index can be negative to read items at the back of the queue. `.peekAt(-1)` returns the item that is at the back of the queue,
+`.peekAt(-2)` will return the item that comes before and so on.
+
+Returns `undefined` if `index` is not a valid index into the queue.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.peekAt(0); //1
+denque.peekAt(1); //2
+denque.peekAt(2); //3
+
+denque.peekAt(-1); // 3
+denque.peekAt(-2); // 2
+denque.peekAt(-3); // 1
+```
+
+**Note**: The implementation has O(1) random access using `.peekAt()`.
+
+**Aliases:** `get`
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `remove(int index, int count)` -> `array`
+
+Remove number of items from the specified index from the list.
+
+Returns array of removed items.
+
+Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3,4,5,6,7]);
+denque.remove(0,3); //[1,2,3]
+denque.remove(1,2); //[5,6]
+var denque1 = new Denque([1,2,3,4,5,6,7]);
+denque1.remove(4, 100); //[5,6,7]
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `removeOne(int index)` -> `dynamic`
+
+Remove and return the item at the specified index from the list.
+
+Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3,4,5,6,7]);
+denque.removeOne(4); // 5
+denque.removeOne(3); // 4
+denque1.removeOne(1); // 2
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `splice(int index, int count, item1, item2, ...)` -> `array`
+
+Native splice implementation.
+
+Remove number of items from the specified index from the list and/or add new elements.
+
+Returns array of removed items or empty array if count == 0.
+
+Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3,4,5,6,7]);
+denque.splice(denque.length, 0, 8, 9, 10); // []
+denque.toArray() // [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
+denque.splice(3, 3, 44, 55, 66); // [4,5,6]
+denque.splice(5,4, 666,667,668,669); // [ 66, 7, 8, 9 ]
+denque.toArray() // [ 1, 2, 3, 44, 55, 666, 667, 668, 669, 10 ]
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `isEmpty()` -> `boolean`
+
+Return `true` if this queue is empty, `false` otherwise.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque();
+denque.isEmpty(); // true
+denque.push(1);
+denque.isEmpty(); // false
+```
+
+<hr>
+
+#### `clear()` -> `void`
+
+Remove all items from this queue. Does not change the queue's capacity.
+
+```js
+var denque = new Denque([1,2,3]);
+denque.toString(); // "1,2,3"
+denque.clear();
+denque.toString(); // ""
+```
+<hr>
+
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+#### Platform info:
+```
+Darwin 17.0.0 x64
+Node.JS 9.4.0
+V8 6.2.414.46-node.17
+Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz × 8
+```
+
+#### 1000 items in queue
+
+ (3 x shift + 3 x push ops per 'op')
+
+    denque x 64,365,425 ops/sec ±0.69% (92 runs sampled)
+    double-ended-queue x 26,646,882 ops/sec ±0.47% (94 runs sampled)
+
+#### 2 million items in queue
+
+ (3 x shift + 3 x push ops per 'op')
+
+    denque x 61,994,249 ops/sec ±0.26% (95 runs sampled)
+    double-ended-queue x 26,363,500 ops/sec ±0.42% (91 runs sampled)
+
+#### Splice
+
+ (1 x splice per 'op') - initial size of 100,000 items
+
+    denque.splice x 925,749 ops/sec ±22.29% (77 runs sampled)
+    native array splice x 7,777 ops/sec ±8.35% (50 runs sampled)
+
+#### Remove
+
+ (1 x remove + 10 x push per 'op') - initial size of 100,000 items
+
+    denque.remove x 2,635,275 ops/sec ±0.37% (95 runs sampled)
+    native array splice - Fails to complete: "JavaScript heap out of memory"
+
+#### Remove One
+
+ (1 x removeOne + 10 x push per 'op') - initial size of 100,000 items
+
+    denque.removeOne x 1,088,240 ops/sec ±0.21% (93 runs sampled)
+    native array splice x 5,300 ops/sec ±0.41% (96 runs sampled)
+    
+---
+
+Built and maintained with 💛 by [Invertase](https://invertase.io).
+
+- [💼 Hire Us](https://invertase.io/hire-us)
+- [☕️ Sponsor Us](https://opencollective.com/react-native-firebase)
+- [👩‍💻 Work With Us](https://invertase.io/jobs)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/denque/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/denque/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05d7123f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/denque/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+declare class Denque<T = any> {
+  constructor();
+  constructor(array: T[]);
+  constructor(array: T[], options: IDenqueOptions);
+
+  push(item: T): number;
+  unshift(item: T): number;
+  pop(): T | undefined;
+  removeBack(): T | undefined;
+  shift(): T | undefined;
+  peekBack(): T | undefined;
+  peekFront(): T | undefined;
+  peekAt(index: number): T | undefined;
+  get(index: number): T | undefined;
+  remove(index: number, count: number): T[];
+  removeOne(index: number): T | undefined;
+  splice(index: number, count: number, ...item: T[]): T[] | undefined;
+  isEmpty(): boolean;
+  clear(): void;
+
+  toString(): string;
+  toArray(): T[];
+
+  length: number;
+}
+
+interface IDenqueOptions {
+  capacity?: number
+}
+
+export = Denque;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/denque/index.js b/backend/node_modules/denque/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f664cd72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/denque/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Custom implementation of a double ended queue.
+ */
+function Denque(array, options) {
+  var options = options || {};
+
+  this._head = 0;
+  this._tail = 0;
+  this._capacity = options.capacity;
+  this._capacityMask = 0x3;
+  this._list = new Array(4);
+  if (Array.isArray(array)) {
+    this._fromArray(array);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * -------------
+ *  PUBLIC API
+ * -------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Returns the item at the specified index from the list.
+ * 0 is the first element, 1 is the second, and so on...
+ * Elements at negative values are that many from the end: -1 is one before the end
+ * (the last element), -2 is two before the end (one before last), etc.
+ * @param index
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.peekAt = function peekAt(index) {
+  var i = index;
+  // expect a number or return undefined
+  if ((i !== (i | 0))) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  var len = this.size();
+  if (i >= len || i < -len) return undefined;
+  if (i < 0) i += len;
+  i = (this._head + i) & this._capacityMask;
+  return this._list[i];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias for peekAt()
+ * @param i
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.get = function get(i) {
+  return this.peekAt(i);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the first item in the list without removing it.
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.peek = function peek() {
+  if (this._head === this._tail) return undefined;
+  return this._list[this._head];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias for peek()
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.peekFront = function peekFront() {
+  return this.peek();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the item that is at the back of the queue without removing it.
+ * Uses peekAt(-1)
+ */
+Denque.prototype.peekBack = function peekBack() {
+  return this.peekAt(-1);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current length of the queue
+ * @return {Number}
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Denque.prototype, 'length', {
+  get: function length() {
+    return this.size();
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of items on the list, or 0 if empty.
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.size = function size() {
+  if (this._head === this._tail) return 0;
+  if (this._head < this._tail) return this._tail - this._head;
+  else return this._capacityMask + 1 - (this._head - this._tail);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add an item at the beginning of the list.
+ * @param item
+ */
+Denque.prototype.unshift = function unshift(item) {
+  if (item === undefined) return this.size();
+  var len = this._list.length;
+  this._head = (this._head - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask;
+  this._list[this._head] = item;
+  if (this._tail === this._head) this._growArray();
+  if (this._capacity && this.size() > this._capacity) this.pop();
+  if (this._head < this._tail) return this._tail - this._head;
+  else return this._capacityMask + 1 - (this._head - this._tail);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove and return the first item on the list,
+ * Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.shift = function shift() {
+  var head = this._head;
+  if (head === this._tail) return undefined;
+  var item = this._list[head];
+  this._list[head] = undefined;
+  this._head = (head + 1) & this._capacityMask;
+  if (head < 2 && this._tail > 10000 && this._tail <= this._list.length >>> 2) this._shrinkArray();
+  return item;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add an item to the bottom of the list.
+ * @param item
+ */
+Denque.prototype.push = function push(item) {
+  if (item === undefined) return this.size();
+  var tail = this._tail;
+  this._list[tail] = item;
+  this._tail = (tail + 1) & this._capacityMask;
+  if (this._tail === this._head) {
+    this._growArray();
+  }
+  if (this._capacity && this.size() > this._capacity) {
+    this.shift();
+  }
+  if (this._head < this._tail) return this._tail - this._head;
+  else return this._capacityMask + 1 - (this._head - this._tail);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove and return the last item on the list.
+ * Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.pop = function pop() {
+  var tail = this._tail;
+  if (tail === this._head) return undefined;
+  var len = this._list.length;
+  this._tail = (tail - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask;
+  var item = this._list[this._tail];
+  this._list[this._tail] = undefined;
+  if (this._head < 2 && tail > 10000 && tail <= len >>> 2) this._shrinkArray();
+  return item;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove and return the item at the specified index from the list.
+ * Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+ * @param index
+ * @returns {*}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.removeOne = function removeOne(index) {
+  var i = index;
+  // expect a number or return undefined
+  if ((i !== (i | 0))) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  if (this._head === this._tail) return void 0;
+  var size = this.size();
+  var len = this._list.length;
+  if (i >= size || i < -size) return void 0;
+  if (i < 0) i += size;
+  i = (this._head + i) & this._capacityMask;
+  var item = this._list[i];
+  var k;
+  if (index < size / 2) {
+    for (k = index; k > 0; k--) {
+      this._list[i] = this._list[i = (i - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask];
+    }
+    this._list[i] = void 0;
+    this._head = (this._head + 1 + len) & this._capacityMask;
+  } else {
+    for (k = size - 1 - index; k > 0; k--) {
+      this._list[i] = this._list[i = ( i + 1 + len) & this._capacityMask];
+    }
+    this._list[i] = void 0;
+    this._tail = (this._tail - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask;
+  }
+  return item;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove number of items from the specified index from the list.
+ * Returns array of removed items.
+ * Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+ * @param index
+ * @param count
+ * @returns {array}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.remove = function remove(index, count) {
+  var i = index;
+  var removed;
+  var del_count = count;
+  // expect a number or return undefined
+  if ((i !== (i | 0))) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  if (this._head === this._tail) return void 0;
+  var size = this.size();
+  var len = this._list.length;
+  if (i >= size || i < -size || count < 1) return void 0;
+  if (i < 0) i += size;
+  if (count === 1 || !count) {
+    removed = new Array(1);
+    removed[0] = this.removeOne(i);
+    return removed;
+  }
+  if (i === 0 && i + count >= size) {
+    removed = this.toArray();
+    this.clear();
+    return removed;
+  }
+  if (i + count > size) count = size - i;
+  var k;
+  removed = new Array(count);
+  for (k = 0; k < count; k++) {
+    removed[k] = this._list[(this._head + i + k) & this._capacityMask];
+  }
+  i = (this._head + i) & this._capacityMask;
+  if (index + count === size) {
+    this._tail = (this._tail - count + len) & this._capacityMask;
+    for (k = count; k > 0; k--) {
+      this._list[i = (i + 1 + len) & this._capacityMask] = void 0;
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+  if (index === 0) {
+    this._head = (this._head + count + len) & this._capacityMask;
+    for (k = count - 1; k > 0; k--) {
+      this._list[i = (i + 1 + len) & this._capacityMask] = void 0;
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+  if (i < size / 2) {
+    this._head = (this._head + index + count + len) & this._capacityMask;
+    for (k = index; k > 0; k--) {
+      this.unshift(this._list[i = (i - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask]);
+    }
+    i = (this._head - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask;
+    while (del_count > 0) {
+      this._list[i = (i - 1 + len) & this._capacityMask] = void 0;
+      del_count--;
+    }
+    if (index < 0) this._tail = i;
+  } else {
+    this._tail = i;
+    i = (i + count + len) & this._capacityMask;
+    for (k = size - (count + index); k > 0; k--) {
+      this.push(this._list[i++]);
+    }
+    i = this._tail;
+    while (del_count > 0) {
+      this._list[i = (i + 1 + len) & this._capacityMask] = void 0;
+      del_count--;
+    }
+  }
+  if (this._head < 2 && this._tail > 10000 && this._tail <= len >>> 2) this._shrinkArray();
+  return removed;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Native splice implementation.
+ * Remove number of items from the specified index from the list and/or add new elements.
+ * Returns array of removed items or empty array if count == 0.
+ * Returns undefined if the list is empty.
+ *
+ * @param index
+ * @param count
+ * @param {...*} [elements]
+ * @returns {array}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.splice = function splice(index, count) {
+  var i = index;
+  // expect a number or return undefined
+  if ((i !== (i | 0))) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  var size = this.size();
+  if (i < 0) i += size;
+  if (i > size) return void 0;
+  if (arguments.length > 2) {
+    var k;
+    var temp;
+    var removed;
+    var arg_len = arguments.length;
+    var len = this._list.length;
+    var arguments_index = 2;
+    if (!size || i < size / 2) {
+      temp = new Array(i);
+      for (k = 0; k < i; k++) {
+        temp[k] = this._list[(this._head + k) & this._capacityMask];
+      }
+      if (count === 0) {
+        removed = [];
+        if (i > 0) {
+          this._head = (this._head + i + len) & this._capacityMask;
+        }
+      } else {
+        removed = this.remove(i, count);
+        this._head = (this._head + i + len) & this._capacityMask;
+      }
+      while (arg_len > arguments_index) {
+        this.unshift(arguments[--arg_len]);
+      }
+      for (k = i; k > 0; k--) {
+        this.unshift(temp[k - 1]);
+      }
+    } else {
+      temp = new Array(size - (i + count));
+      var leng = temp.length;
+      for (k = 0; k < leng; k++) {
+        temp[k] = this._list[(this._head + i + count + k) & this._capacityMask];
+      }
+      if (count === 0) {
+        removed = [];
+        if (i != size) {
+          this._tail = (this._head + i + len) & this._capacityMask;
+        }
+      } else {
+        removed = this.remove(i, count);
+        this._tail = (this._tail - leng + len) & this._capacityMask;
+      }
+      while (arguments_index < arg_len) {
+        this.push(arguments[arguments_index++]);
+      }
+      for (k = 0; k < leng; k++) {
+        this.push(temp[k]);
+      }
+    }
+    return removed;
+  } else {
+    return this.remove(i, count);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Soft clear - does not reset capacity.
+ */
+Denque.prototype.clear = function clear() {
+  this._head = 0;
+  this._tail = 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true or false whether the list is empty.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty() {
+  return this._head === this._tail;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of all queue items.
+ * @returns {Array}
+ */
+Denque.prototype.toArray = function toArray() {
+  return this._copyArray(false);
+};
+
+/**
+ * -------------
+ *   INTERNALS
+ * -------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Fills the queue with items from an array
+ * For use in the constructor
+ * @param array
+ * @private
+ */
+Denque.prototype._fromArray = function _fromArray(array) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) this.push(array[i]);
+};
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param fullCopy
+ * @returns {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+Denque.prototype._copyArray = function _copyArray(fullCopy) {
+  var newArray = [];
+  var list = this._list;
+  var len = list.length;
+  var i;
+  if (fullCopy || this._head > this._tail) {
+    for (i = this._head; i < len; i++) newArray.push(list[i]);
+    for (i = 0; i < this._tail; i++) newArray.push(list[i]);
+  } else {
+    for (i = this._head; i < this._tail; i++) newArray.push(list[i]);
+  }
+  return newArray;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Grows the internal list array.
+ * @private
+ */
+Denque.prototype._growArray = function _growArray() {
+  if (this._head) {
+    // copy existing data, head to end, then beginning to tail.
+    this._list = this._copyArray(true);
+    this._head = 0;
+  }
+
+  // head is at 0 and array is now full, safe to extend
+  this._tail = this._list.length;
+
+  this._list.length *= 2;
+  this._capacityMask = (this._capacityMask << 1) | 1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Shrinks the internal list array.
+ * @private
+ */
+Denque.prototype._shrinkArray = function _shrinkArray() {
+  this._list.length >>>= 1;
+  this._capacityMask >>>= 1;
+};
+
+
+module.exports = Denque;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/denque/package.json b/backend/node_modules/denque/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..135f86392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/denque/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "_from": "denque@^1.4.1",
+  "_id": "denque@1.5.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-CYiCSgIF1p6EUByQPlGkKnP1M9g0ZV3qMIrqMqZqdwazygIA/YP2vrbcyl1h/WppKJTdl1F85cXIle+394iDAQ==",
+  "_location": "/denque",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "denque@^1.4.1",
+    "name": "denque",
+    "escapedName": "denque",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.4.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.4.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongodb"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/denque/-/denque-1.5.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "773de0686ff2d8ec2ff92914316a47b73b1c73de",
+  "_spec": "denque@^1.4.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongodb",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Invertase",
+    "email": "oss@invertase.io",
+    "url": "http://github.com/invertase/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/invertase/denque/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Mike Diarmid",
+      "email": "mike@invertase.io",
+      "url": "Salakar"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The fastest javascript implementation of a double-ended queue. Maintains compatability with deque.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
+    "coveralls": "^2.13.3",
+    "double-ended-queue": "^2.1.0-0",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "^3.5.3",
+    "typescript": "^3.4.1"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/invertase/denque#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "data-structure",
+    "data-structures",
+    "queue",
+    "double",
+    "end",
+    "ended",
+    "deque",
+    "denque",
+    "double-ended-queue"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "denque",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/invertase/denque.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "benchmark_2mil": "node benchmark/two_million",
+    "benchmark_remove": "node benchmark/remove",
+    "benchmark_removeOne": "node benchmark/removeOne",
+    "benchmark_splice": "node benchmark/splice",
+    "benchmark_thousand": "node benchmark/thousand",
+    "coveralls": "cat ./coverage/lcov.info | coveralls",
+    "test": "istanbul cover --report lcov _mocha && npm run typescript",
+    "typescript": "tsc --project ./test/type/tsconfig.json"
+  },
+  "version": "1.5.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/History.md b/backend/node_modules/depd/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..507ecb8de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+1.1.2 / 2018-01-11
+==================
+
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * Support Node.js 0.6 to 9.x
+
+1.1.1 / 2017-07-27
+==================
+
+  * Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
+  * Support Node.js 0.6 to 8.x
+
+1.1.0 / 2015-09-14
+==================
+
+  * Enable strict mode in more places
+  * Support io.js 3.x
+  * Support io.js 2.x
+  * Support web browser loading
+    - Requires bundler like Browserify or webpack
+
+1.0.1 / 2015-04-07
+==================
+
+  * Fix `TypeError`s when under `'use strict'` code
+  * Fix useless type name on auto-generated messages
+  * Support io.js 1.x
+  * Support Node.js 0.12
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-09-17
+==================
+
+  * No changes
+
+0.4.5 / 2014-09-09
+==================
+
+  * Improve call speed to functions using the function wrapper
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+
+0.4.4 / 2014-07-27
+==================
+
+  * Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
+
+0.4.3 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+
+  * Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
+
+0.4.2 / 2014-07-19
+==================
+
+  * Correct call site for wrapped functions and properties
+
+0.4.1 / 2014-07-19
+==================
+
+  * Improve automatic message generation for function properties
+
+0.4.0 / 2014-07-19
+==================
+
+  * Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+  * Remove non-standard grey color from color output
+  * Support `--no-deprecation` argument
+  * Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
+  * Support `deprecate.property(fn, prop, message)`
+
+0.3.0 / 2014-06-16
+==================
+
+  * Add `NO_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+
+0.2.0 / 2014-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Add `deprecate.property(obj, prop, message)`
+  * Remove `supports-color` dependency for node.js 0.8
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Add `deprecate.function(fn, message)`
+  * Add `process.on('deprecation', fn)` emitter
+  * Automatically generate message when omitted from `deprecate()`
+
+0.0.1 / 2014-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Fix warning for dynamic calls at singe call site
+
+0.0.0 / 2014-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Initial implementation
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/depd/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84441fbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/depd/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..779067020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# depd
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Linux Build][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url]
+[![Coverage Status][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Deprecate all the things
+
+> With great modules comes great responsibility; mark things deprecated!
+
+## Install
+
+This module is installed directly using `npm`:
+
+```sh
+$ npm install depd
+```
+
+This module can also be bundled with systems like
+[Browserify](http://browserify.org/) or [webpack](https://webpack.github.io/),
+though by default this module will alter it's API to no longer display or
+track deprecations.
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var deprecate = require('depd')('my-module')
+```
+
+This library allows you to display deprecation messages to your users.
+This library goes above and beyond with deprecation warnings by
+introspection of the call stack (but only the bits that it is interested
+in).
+
+Instead of just warning on the first invocation of a deprecated
+function and never again, this module will warn on the first invocation
+of a deprecated function per unique call site, making it ideal to alert
+users of all deprecated uses across the code base, rather than just
+whatever happens to execute first.
+
+The deprecation warnings from this module also include the file and line
+information for the call into the module that the deprecated function was
+in.
+
+**NOTE** this library has a similar interface to the `debug` module, and
+this module uses the calling file to get the boundary for the call stacks,
+so you should always create a new `deprecate` object in each file and not
+within some central file.
+
+### depd(namespace)
+
+Create a new deprecate function that uses the given namespace name in the
+messages and will display the call site prior to the stack entering the
+file this function was called from. It is highly suggested you use the
+name of your module as the namespace.
+
+### deprecate(message)
+
+Call this function from deprecated code to display a deprecation message.
+This message will appear once per unique caller site. Caller site is the
+first call site in the stack in a different file from the caller of this
+function.
+
+If the message is omitted, a message is generated for you based on the site
+of the `deprecate()` call and will display the name of the function called,
+similar to the name displayed in a stack trace.
+
+### deprecate.function(fn, message)
+
+Call this function to wrap a given function in a deprecation message on any
+call to the function. An optional message can be supplied to provide a custom
+message.
+
+### deprecate.property(obj, prop, message)
+
+Call this function to wrap a given property on object in a deprecation message
+on any accessing or setting of the property. An optional message can be supplied
+to provide a custom message.
+
+The method must be called on the object where the property belongs (not
+inherited from the prototype).
+
+If the property is a data descriptor, it will be converted to an accessor
+descriptor in order to display the deprecation message.
+
+### process.on('deprecation', fn)
+
+This module will allow easy capturing of deprecation errors by emitting the
+errors as the type "deprecation" on the global `process`. If there are no
+listeners for this type, the errors are written to STDERR as normal, but if
+there are any listeners, nothing will be written to STDERR and instead only
+emitted. From there, you can write the errors in a different format or to a
+logging source.
+
+The error represents the deprecation and is emitted only once with the same
+rules as writing to STDERR. The error has the following properties:
+
+  - `message` - This is the message given by the library
+  - `name` - This is always `'DeprecationError'`
+  - `namespace` - This is the namespace the deprecation came from
+  - `stack` - This is the stack of the call to the deprecated thing
+
+Example `error.stack` output:
+
+```
+DeprecationError: my-cool-module deprecated oldfunction
+    at Object.<anonymous> ([eval]-wrapper:6:22)
+    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
+    at evalScript (node.js:532:25)
+    at startup (node.js:80:7)
+    at node.js:902:3
+```
+
+### process.env.NO_DEPRECATION
+
+As a user of modules that are deprecated, the environment variable `NO_DEPRECATION`
+is provided as a quick solution to silencing deprecation warnings from being
+output. The format of this is similar to that of `DEBUG`:
+
+```sh
+$ NO_DEPRECATION=my-module,othermod node app.js
+```
+
+This will suppress deprecations from being output for "my-module" and "othermod".
+The value is a list of comma-separated namespaces. To suppress every warning
+across all namespaces, use the value `*` for a namespace.
+
+Providing the argument `--no-deprecation` to the `node` executable will suppress
+all deprecations (only available in Node.js 0.8 or higher).
+
+**NOTE** This will not suppress the deperecations given to any "deprecation"
+event listeners, just the output to STDERR.
+
+### process.env.TRACE_DEPRECATION
+
+As a user of modules that are deprecated, the environment variable `TRACE_DEPRECATION`
+is provided as a solution to getting more detailed location information in deprecation
+warnings by including the entire stack trace. The format of this is the same as
+`NO_DEPRECATION`:
+
+```sh
+$ TRACE_DEPRECATION=my-module,othermod node app.js
+```
+
+This will include stack traces for deprecations being output for "my-module" and
+"othermod". The value is a list of comma-separated namespaces. To trace every
+warning across all namespaces, use the value `*` for a namespace.
+
+Providing the argument `--trace-deprecation` to the `node` executable will trace
+all deprecations (only available in Node.js 0.8 or higher).
+
+**NOTE** This will not trace the deperecations silenced by `NO_DEPRECATION`.
+
+## Display
+
+![message](files/message.png)
+
+When a user calls a function in your library that you mark deprecated, they
+will see the following written to STDERR (in the given colors, similar colors
+and layout to the `debug` module):
+
+```
+bright cyan    bright yellow
+|              |          reset       cyan
+|              |          |           |
+▼              ▼          ▼           ▼
+my-cool-module deprecated oldfunction [eval]-wrapper:6:22
+▲              ▲          ▲           ▲
+|              |          |           |
+namespace      |          |           location of mycoolmod.oldfunction() call
+               |          deprecation message
+               the word "deprecated"
+```
+
+If the user redirects their STDERR to a file or somewhere that does not support
+colors, they see (similar layout to the `debug` module):
+
+```
+Sun, 15 Jun 2014 05:21:37 GMT my-cool-module deprecated oldfunction at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
+▲                             ▲              ▲          ▲              ▲
+|                             |              |          |              |
+timestamp of message          namespace      |          |             location of mycoolmod.oldfunction() call
+                                             |          deprecation message
+                                             the word "deprecated"
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Deprecating all calls to a function
+
+This will display a deprecated message about "oldfunction" being deprecated
+from "my-module" on STDERR.
+
+```js
+var deprecate = require('depd')('my-cool-module')
+
+// message automatically derived from function name
+// Object.oldfunction
+exports.oldfunction = deprecate.function(function oldfunction () {
+  // all calls to function are deprecated
+})
+
+// specific message
+exports.oldfunction = deprecate.function(function () {
+  // all calls to function are deprecated
+}, 'oldfunction')
+```
+
+### Conditionally deprecating a function call
+
+This will display a deprecated message about "weirdfunction" being deprecated
+from "my-module" on STDERR when called with less than 2 arguments.
+
+```js
+var deprecate = require('depd')('my-cool-module')
+
+exports.weirdfunction = function () {
+  if (arguments.length < 2) {
+    // calls with 0 or 1 args are deprecated
+    deprecate('weirdfunction args < 2')
+  }
+}
+```
+
+When calling `deprecate` as a function, the warning is counted per call site
+within your own module, so you can display different deprecations depending
+on different situations and the users will still get all the warnings:
+
+```js
+var deprecate = require('depd')('my-cool-module')
+
+exports.weirdfunction = function () {
+  if (arguments.length < 2) {
+    // calls with 0 or 1 args are deprecated
+    deprecate('weirdfunction args < 2')
+  } else if (typeof arguments[0] !== 'string') {
+    // calls with non-string first argument are deprecated
+    deprecate('weirdfunction non-string first arg')
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Deprecating property access
+
+This will display a deprecated message about "oldprop" being deprecated
+from "my-module" on STDERR when accessed. A deprecation will be displayed
+when setting the value and when getting the value.
+
+```js
+var deprecate = require('depd')('my-cool-module')
+
+exports.oldprop = 'something'
+
+// message automatically derives from property name
+deprecate.property(exports, 'oldprop')
+
+// explicit message
+deprecate.property(exports, 'oldprop', 'oldprop >= 0.10')
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/depd.svg
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/depd.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/depd
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/dougwilson/nodejs-depd/master.svg?label=linux
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/dougwilson/nodejs-depd
+[appveyor-image]: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/nodejs-depd/master.svg?label=windows
+[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/nodejs-depd
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/dougwilson/nodejs-depd/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/dougwilson/nodejs-depd?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/depd.svg
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/index.js b/backend/node_modules/depd/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d758d3c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+/*!
+ * depd
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var callSiteToString = require('./lib/compat').callSiteToString
+var eventListenerCount = require('./lib/compat').eventListenerCount
+var relative = require('path').relative
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = depd
+
+/**
+ * Get the path to base files on.
+ */
+
+var basePath = process.cwd()
+
+/**
+ * Determine if namespace is contained in the string.
+ */
+
+function containsNamespace (str, namespace) {
+  var vals = str.split(/[ ,]+/)
+  var ns = String(namespace).toLowerCase()
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < vals.length; i++) {
+    var val = vals[i]
+
+    // namespace contained
+    if (val && (val === '*' || val.toLowerCase() === ns)) {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a data descriptor to accessor descriptor.
+ */
+
+function convertDataDescriptorToAccessor (obj, prop, message) {
+  var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop)
+  var value = descriptor.value
+
+  descriptor.get = function getter () { return value }
+
+  if (descriptor.writable) {
+    descriptor.set = function setter (val) { return (value = val) }
+  }
+
+  delete descriptor.value
+  delete descriptor.writable
+
+  Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, descriptor)
+
+  return descriptor
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create arguments string to keep arity.
+ */
+
+function createArgumentsString (arity) {
+  var str = ''
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < arity; i++) {
+    str += ', arg' + i
+  }
+
+  return str.substr(2)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create stack string from stack.
+ */
+
+function createStackString (stack) {
+  var str = this.name + ': ' + this.namespace
+
+  if (this.message) {
+    str += ' deprecated ' + this.message
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
+    str += '\n    at ' + callSiteToString(stack[i])
+  }
+
+  return str
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create deprecate for namespace in caller.
+ */
+
+function depd (namespace) {
+  if (!namespace) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument namespace is required')
+  }
+
+  var stack = getStack()
+  var site = callSiteLocation(stack[1])
+  var file = site[0]
+
+  function deprecate (message) {
+    // call to self as log
+    log.call(deprecate, message)
+  }
+
+  deprecate._file = file
+  deprecate._ignored = isignored(namespace)
+  deprecate._namespace = namespace
+  deprecate._traced = istraced(namespace)
+  deprecate._warned = Object.create(null)
+
+  deprecate.function = wrapfunction
+  deprecate.property = wrapproperty
+
+  return deprecate
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if namespace is ignored.
+ */
+
+function isignored (namespace) {
+  /* istanbul ignore next: tested in a child processs */
+  if (process.noDeprecation) {
+    // --no-deprecation support
+    return true
+  }
+
+  var str = process.env.NO_DEPRECATION || ''
+
+  // namespace ignored
+  return containsNamespace(str, namespace)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if namespace is traced.
+ */
+
+function istraced (namespace) {
+  /* istanbul ignore next: tested in a child processs */
+  if (process.traceDeprecation) {
+    // --trace-deprecation support
+    return true
+  }
+
+  var str = process.env.TRACE_DEPRECATION || ''
+
+  // namespace traced
+  return containsNamespace(str, namespace)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Display deprecation message.
+ */
+
+function log (message, site) {
+  var haslisteners = eventListenerCount(process, 'deprecation') !== 0
+
+  // abort early if no destination
+  if (!haslisteners && this._ignored) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  var caller
+  var callFile
+  var callSite
+  var depSite
+  var i = 0
+  var seen = false
+  var stack = getStack()
+  var file = this._file
+
+  if (site) {
+    // provided site
+    depSite = site
+    callSite = callSiteLocation(stack[1])
+    callSite.name = depSite.name
+    file = callSite[0]
+  } else {
+    // get call site
+    i = 2
+    depSite = callSiteLocation(stack[i])
+    callSite = depSite
+  }
+
+  // get caller of deprecated thing in relation to file
+  for (; i < stack.length; i++) {
+    caller = callSiteLocation(stack[i])
+    callFile = caller[0]
+
+    if (callFile === file) {
+      seen = true
+    } else if (callFile === this._file) {
+      file = this._file
+    } else if (seen) {
+      break
+    }
+  }
+
+  var key = caller
+    ? depSite.join(':') + '__' + caller.join(':')
+    : undefined
+
+  if (key !== undefined && key in this._warned) {
+    // already warned
+    return
+  }
+
+  this._warned[key] = true
+
+  // generate automatic message from call site
+  var msg = message
+  if (!msg) {
+    msg = callSite === depSite || !callSite.name
+      ? defaultMessage(depSite)
+      : defaultMessage(callSite)
+  }
+
+  // emit deprecation if listeners exist
+  if (haslisteners) {
+    var err = DeprecationError(this._namespace, msg, stack.slice(i))
+    process.emit('deprecation', err)
+    return
+  }
+
+  // format and write message
+  var format = process.stderr.isTTY
+    ? formatColor
+    : formatPlain
+  var output = format.call(this, msg, caller, stack.slice(i))
+  process.stderr.write(output + '\n', 'utf8')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get call site location as array.
+ */
+
+function callSiteLocation (callSite) {
+  var file = callSite.getFileName() || '<anonymous>'
+  var line = callSite.getLineNumber()
+  var colm = callSite.getColumnNumber()
+
+  if (callSite.isEval()) {
+    file = callSite.getEvalOrigin() + ', ' + file
+  }
+
+  var site = [file, line, colm]
+
+  site.callSite = callSite
+  site.name = callSite.getFunctionName()
+
+  return site
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a default message from the site.
+ */
+
+function defaultMessage (site) {
+  var callSite = site.callSite
+  var funcName = site.name
+
+  // make useful anonymous name
+  if (!funcName) {
+    funcName = '<anonymous@' + formatLocation(site) + '>'
+  }
+
+  var context = callSite.getThis()
+  var typeName = context && callSite.getTypeName()
+
+  // ignore useless type name
+  if (typeName === 'Object') {
+    typeName = undefined
+  }
+
+  // make useful type name
+  if (typeName === 'Function') {
+    typeName = context.name || typeName
+  }
+
+  return typeName && callSite.getMethodName()
+    ? typeName + '.' + funcName
+    : funcName
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format deprecation message without color.
+ */
+
+function formatPlain (msg, caller, stack) {
+  var timestamp = new Date().toUTCString()
+
+  var formatted = timestamp +
+    ' ' + this._namespace +
+    ' deprecated ' + msg
+
+  // add stack trace
+  if (this._traced) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
+      formatted += '\n    at ' + callSiteToString(stack[i])
+    }
+
+    return formatted
+  }
+
+  if (caller) {
+    formatted += ' at ' + formatLocation(caller)
+  }
+
+  return formatted
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format deprecation message with color.
+ */
+
+function formatColor (msg, caller, stack) {
+  var formatted = '\x1b[36;1m' + this._namespace + '\x1b[22;39m' + // bold cyan
+    ' \x1b[33;1mdeprecated\x1b[22;39m' + // bold yellow
+    ' \x1b[0m' + msg + '\x1b[39m' // reset
+
+  // add stack trace
+  if (this._traced) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
+      formatted += '\n    \x1b[36mat ' + callSiteToString(stack[i]) + '\x1b[39m' // cyan
+    }
+
+    return formatted
+  }
+
+  if (caller) {
+    formatted += ' \x1b[36m' + formatLocation(caller) + '\x1b[39m' // cyan
+  }
+
+  return formatted
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format call site location.
+ */
+
+function formatLocation (callSite) {
+  return relative(basePath, callSite[0]) +
+    ':' + callSite[1] +
+    ':' + callSite[2]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the stack as array of call sites.
+ */
+
+function getStack () {
+  var limit = Error.stackTraceLimit
+  var obj = {}
+  var prep = Error.prepareStackTrace
+
+  Error.prepareStackTrace = prepareObjectStackTrace
+  Error.stackTraceLimit = Math.max(10, limit)
+
+  // capture the stack
+  Error.captureStackTrace(obj)
+
+  // slice this function off the top
+  var stack = obj.stack.slice(1)
+
+  Error.prepareStackTrace = prep
+  Error.stackTraceLimit = limit
+
+  return stack
+}
+
+/**
+ * Capture call site stack from v8.
+ */
+
+function prepareObjectStackTrace (obj, stack) {
+  return stack
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return a wrapped function in a deprecation message.
+ */
+
+function wrapfunction (fn, message) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument fn must be a function')
+  }
+
+  var args = createArgumentsString(fn.length)
+  var deprecate = this // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+  var stack = getStack()
+  var site = callSiteLocation(stack[1])
+
+  site.name = fn.name
+
+   // eslint-disable-next-line no-eval
+  var deprecatedfn = eval('(function (' + args + ') {\n' +
+    '"use strict"\n' +
+    'log.call(deprecate, message, site)\n' +
+    'return fn.apply(this, arguments)\n' +
+    '})')
+
+  return deprecatedfn
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrap property in a deprecation message.
+ */
+
+function wrapproperty (obj, prop, message) {
+  if (!obj || (typeof obj !== 'object' && typeof obj !== 'function')) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument obj must be object')
+  }
+
+  var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop)
+
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    throw new TypeError('must call property on owner object')
+  }
+
+  if (!descriptor.configurable) {
+    throw new TypeError('property must be configurable')
+  }
+
+  var deprecate = this
+  var stack = getStack()
+  var site = callSiteLocation(stack[1])
+
+  // set site name
+  site.name = prop
+
+  // convert data descriptor
+  if ('value' in descriptor) {
+    descriptor = convertDataDescriptorToAccessor(obj, prop, message)
+  }
+
+  var get = descriptor.get
+  var set = descriptor.set
+
+  // wrap getter
+  if (typeof get === 'function') {
+    descriptor.get = function getter () {
+      log.call(deprecate, message, site)
+      return get.apply(this, arguments)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // wrap setter
+  if (typeof set === 'function') {
+    descriptor.set = function setter () {
+      log.call(deprecate, message, site)
+      return set.apply(this, arguments)
+    }
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, descriptor)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create DeprecationError for deprecation
+ */
+
+function DeprecationError (namespace, message, stack) {
+  var error = new Error()
+  var stackString
+
+  Object.defineProperty(error, 'constructor', {
+    value: DeprecationError
+  })
+
+  Object.defineProperty(error, 'message', {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: false,
+    value: message,
+    writable: true
+  })
+
+  Object.defineProperty(error, 'name', {
+    enumerable: false,
+    configurable: true,
+    value: 'DeprecationError',
+    writable: true
+  })
+
+  Object.defineProperty(error, 'namespace', {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: false,
+    value: namespace,
+    writable: true
+  })
+
+  Object.defineProperty(error, 'stack', {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: false,
+    get: function () {
+      if (stackString !== undefined) {
+        return stackString
+      }
+
+      // prepare stack trace
+      return (stackString = createStackString.call(this, stack))
+    },
+    set: function setter (val) {
+      stackString = val
+    }
+  })
+
+  return error
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/browser/index.js b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/browser/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6be45cc20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/browser/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*!
+ * depd
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = depd
+
+/**
+ * Create deprecate for namespace in caller.
+ */
+
+function depd (namespace) {
+  if (!namespace) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument namespace is required')
+  }
+
+  function deprecate (message) {
+    // no-op in browser
+  }
+
+  deprecate._file = undefined
+  deprecate._ignored = true
+  deprecate._namespace = namespace
+  deprecate._traced = false
+  deprecate._warned = Object.create(null)
+
+  deprecate.function = wrapfunction
+  deprecate.property = wrapproperty
+
+  return deprecate
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return a wrapped function in a deprecation message.
+ *
+ * This is a no-op version of the wrapper, which does nothing but call
+ * validation.
+ */
+
+function wrapfunction (fn, message) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument fn must be a function')
+  }
+
+  return fn
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrap property in a deprecation message.
+ *
+ * This is a no-op version of the wrapper, which does nothing but call
+ * validation.
+ */
+
+function wrapproperty (obj, prop, message) {
+  if (!obj || (typeof obj !== 'object' && typeof obj !== 'function')) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument obj must be object')
+  }
+
+  var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop)
+
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    throw new TypeError('must call property on owner object')
+  }
+
+  if (!descriptor.configurable) {
+    throw new TypeError('property must be configurable')
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/callsite-tostring.js b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/callsite-tostring.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73186dc64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/callsite-tostring.js
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*!
+ * depd
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = callSiteToString
+
+/**
+ * Format a CallSite file location to a string.
+ */
+
+function callSiteFileLocation (callSite) {
+  var fileName
+  var fileLocation = ''
+
+  if (callSite.isNative()) {
+    fileLocation = 'native'
+  } else if (callSite.isEval()) {
+    fileName = callSite.getScriptNameOrSourceURL()
+    if (!fileName) {
+      fileLocation = callSite.getEvalOrigin()
+    }
+  } else {
+    fileName = callSite.getFileName()
+  }
+
+  if (fileName) {
+    fileLocation += fileName
+
+    var lineNumber = callSite.getLineNumber()
+    if (lineNumber != null) {
+      fileLocation += ':' + lineNumber
+
+      var columnNumber = callSite.getColumnNumber()
+      if (columnNumber) {
+        fileLocation += ':' + columnNumber
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return fileLocation || 'unknown source'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a CallSite to a string.
+ */
+
+function callSiteToString (callSite) {
+  var addSuffix = true
+  var fileLocation = callSiteFileLocation(callSite)
+  var functionName = callSite.getFunctionName()
+  var isConstructor = callSite.isConstructor()
+  var isMethodCall = !(callSite.isToplevel() || isConstructor)
+  var line = ''
+
+  if (isMethodCall) {
+    var methodName = callSite.getMethodName()
+    var typeName = getConstructorName(callSite)
+
+    if (functionName) {
+      if (typeName && functionName.indexOf(typeName) !== 0) {
+        line += typeName + '.'
+      }
+
+      line += functionName
+
+      if (methodName && functionName.lastIndexOf('.' + methodName) !== functionName.length - methodName.length - 1) {
+        line += ' [as ' + methodName + ']'
+      }
+    } else {
+      line += typeName + '.' + (methodName || '<anonymous>')
+    }
+  } else if (isConstructor) {
+    line += 'new ' + (functionName || '<anonymous>')
+  } else if (functionName) {
+    line += functionName
+  } else {
+    addSuffix = false
+    line += fileLocation
+  }
+
+  if (addSuffix) {
+    line += ' (' + fileLocation + ')'
+  }
+
+  return line
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get constructor name of reviver.
+ */
+
+function getConstructorName (obj) {
+  var receiver = obj.receiver
+  return (receiver.constructor && receiver.constructor.name) || null
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/event-listener-count.js b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/event-listener-count.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a8925d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/event-listener-count.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*!
+ * depd
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = eventListenerCount
+
+/**
+ * Get the count of listeners on an event emitter of a specific type.
+ */
+
+function eventListenerCount (emitter, type) {
+  return emitter.listeners(type).length
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/index.js b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..955b3336b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/lib/compat/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*!
+ * depd
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+lazyProperty(module.exports, 'callSiteToString', function callSiteToString () {
+  var limit = Error.stackTraceLimit
+  var obj = {}
+  var prep = Error.prepareStackTrace
+
+  function prepareObjectStackTrace (obj, stack) {
+    return stack
+  }
+
+  Error.prepareStackTrace = prepareObjectStackTrace
+  Error.stackTraceLimit = 2
+
+  // capture the stack
+  Error.captureStackTrace(obj)
+
+  // slice the stack
+  var stack = obj.stack.slice()
+
+  Error.prepareStackTrace = prep
+  Error.stackTraceLimit = limit
+
+  return stack[0].toString ? toString : require('./callsite-tostring')
+})
+
+lazyProperty(module.exports, 'eventListenerCount', function eventListenerCount () {
+  return EventEmitter.listenerCount || require('./event-listener-count')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Define a lazy property.
+ */
+
+function lazyProperty (obj, prop, getter) {
+  function get () {
+    var val = getter()
+
+    Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, {
+      configurable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      value: val
+    })
+
+    return val
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: get
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Call toString() on the obj
+ */
+
+function toString (obj) {
+  return obj.toString()
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/depd/package.json b/backend/node_modules/depd/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9712e6484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/depd/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "_from": "depd@~1.1.2",
+  "_id": "depd@1.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-m81S4UwJd2PnSbJ0xDRu0uVgtak=",
+  "_location": "/depd",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "depd@~1.1.2",
+    "name": "depd",
+    "escapedName": "depd",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/express",
+    "/http-errors",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/depd/-/depd-1.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "9bcd52e14c097763e749b274c4346ed2e560b5a9",
+  "_spec": "depd@~1.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "browser": "lib/browser/index.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/dougwilson/nodejs-depd/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Deprecate all the things",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "7.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.7",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.6.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "~1.21.5"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/",
+    "History.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js",
+    "Readme.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/dougwilson/nodejs-depd#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "deprecate",
+    "deprecated"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "depd",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/dougwilson/nodejs-depd.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --no-exit test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/destroy/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/destroy/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7ae8ee9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/destroy/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong me@jongleberry.com
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/destroy/README.md b/backend/node_modules/destroy/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6474bc3ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/destroy/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Destroy
+
+[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+[![License][license-image]][license-url]
+[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Gittip][gittip-image]][gittip-url]
+
+Destroy a stream.
+
+This module is meant to ensure a stream gets destroyed, handling different APIs
+and Node.js bugs.
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+```
+
+### destroy(stream)
+
+Destroy the given stream. In most cases, this is identical to a simple
+`stream.destroy()` call. The rules are as follows for a given stream:
+
+  1. If the `stream` is an instance of `ReadStream`, then call `stream.destroy()`
+     and add a listener to the `open` event to call `stream.close()` if it is
+     fired. This is for a Node.js bug that will leak a file descriptor if
+     `.destroy()` is called before `open`.
+  2. If the `stream` is not an instance of `Stream`, then nothing happens.
+  3. If the `stream` has a `.destroy()` method, then call it.
+
+The function returns the `stream` passed in as the argument.
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+
+var fs = require('fs')
+var stream = fs.createReadStream('package.json')
+
+// ... and later
+destroy(stream)
+```
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/destroy.svg?style=flat-square
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/destroy
+[github-tag]: http://img.shields.io/github/tag/stream-utils/destroy.svg?style=flat-square
+[github-url]: https://github.com/stream-utils/destroy/tags
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/stream-utils/destroy.svg?style=flat-square
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/stream-utils/destroy
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/stream-utils/destroy.svg?style=flat-square
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/stream-utils/destroy?branch=master
+[license-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/l/destroy.svg?style=flat-square
+[license-url]: LICENSE.md
+[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/destroy.svg?style=flat-square
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/destroy
+[gittip-image]: https://img.shields.io/gittip/jonathanong.svg?style=flat-square
+[gittip-url]: https://www.gittip.com/jonathanong/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/destroy/index.js b/backend/node_modules/destroy/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6da2d26ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/destroy/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*!
+ * destroy
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var ReadStream = require('fs').ReadStream
+var Stream = require('stream')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = destroy
+
+/**
+ * Destroy a stream.
+ *
+ * @param {object} stream
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function destroy(stream) {
+  if (stream instanceof ReadStream) {
+    return destroyReadStream(stream)
+  }
+
+  if (!(stream instanceof Stream)) {
+    return stream
+  }
+
+  if (typeof stream.destroy === 'function') {
+    stream.destroy()
+  }
+
+  return stream
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroy a ReadStream.
+ *
+ * @param {object} stream
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function destroyReadStream(stream) {
+  stream.destroy()
+
+  if (typeof stream.close === 'function') {
+    // node.js core bug work-around
+    stream.on('open', onOpenClose)
+  }
+
+  return stream
+}
+
+/**
+ * On open handler to close stream.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function onOpenClose() {
+  if (typeof this.fd === 'number') {
+    // actually close down the fd
+    this.close()
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/destroy/package.json b/backend/node_modules/destroy/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64bddb926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/destroy/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+  "_from": "destroy@~1.0.4",
+  "_id": "destroy@1.0.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-l4hXRCxEdJ5CBmE+N5RiBYJqvYA=",
+  "_location": "/destroy",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "destroy@~1.0.4",
+    "name": "destroy",
+    "escapedName": "destroy",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/destroy/-/destroy-1.0.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "978857442c44749e4206613e37946205826abd80",
+  "_spec": "destroy@~1.0.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\send",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+    "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+    "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/stream-utils/destroy/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "destroy a stream if possible",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.4.2",
+    "mocha": "2.3.4"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/stream-utils/destroy#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "stream",
+    "streams",
+    "destroy",
+    "cleanup",
+    "leak",
+    "fd"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "destroy",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/stream-utils/destroy.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter dot"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fc0e8d3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.nyc_output
+.travis.yml
+coverage
+test.js
+node_modules
+/.circleci
+/tests/integration
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dada3eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
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+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
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+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
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+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
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+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
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+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
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+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
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+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/README.md b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31763574d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# detect-libc
+
+Node.js module to detect the C standard library (libc) implementation
+family and version in use on a given Linux system.
+
+Provides a value suitable for use with the `LIBC` option of
+[prebuild](https://www.npmjs.com/package/prebuild),
+[prebuild-ci](https://www.npmjs.com/package/prebuild-ci) and
+[prebuild-install](https://www.npmjs.com/package/prebuild-install),
+therefore allowing build and provision of pre-compiled binaries
+for musl-based Linux e.g. Alpine as well as glibc-based.
+
+Currently supports libc detection of `glibc` and `musl`.
+
+## Install
+
+```sh
+npm install detect-libc
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### API
+
+```js
+const { GLIBC, MUSL, family, version, isNonGlibcLinux } = require('detect-libc');
+```
+
+* `GLIBC` is a String containing the value "glibc" for comparison with `family`.
+* `MUSL` is a String containing the value "musl" for comparison with `family`.
+* `family` is a String representing the system libc family.
+* `version` is a String representing the system libc version number.
+* `isNonGlibcLinux` is a Boolean representing whether the system is a non-glibc Linux, e.g. Alpine.
+
+### detect-libc command line tool
+
+When run on a Linux system with a non-glibc libc,
+the child command will be run with the `LIBC` environment variable
+set to the relevant value.
+
+On all other platforms will run the child command as-is.
+
+The command line feature requires `spawnSync` provided by Node v0.12+.
+
+```sh
+detect-libc child-command
+```
+
+## Integrating with prebuild
+
+```json
+  "scripts": {
+    "install": "detect-libc prebuild-install || node-gyp rebuild",
+    "test": "mocha && detect-libc prebuild-ci"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "detect-libc": "^1.0.2",
+    "prebuild-install": "^2.2.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "prebuild": "^6.2.1",
+    "prebuild-ci": "^2.2.3"
+  }
+```
+
+## Licence
+
+Copyright 2017 Lovell Fuller
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at [http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html)
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5486127f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/bin/detect-libc.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+'use strict';
+
+var spawnSync = require('child_process').spawnSync;
+var libc = require('../');
+
+var spawnOptions = {
+  env: process.env,
+  shell: true,
+  stdio: 'inherit'
+};
+
+if (libc.isNonGlibcLinux) {
+  spawnOptions.env.LIBC = process.env.LIBC || libc.family;
+}
+
+process.exit(spawnSync(process.argv[2], process.argv.slice(3), spawnOptions).status);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/lib/detect-libc.js b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/lib/detect-libc.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1855fe18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/lib/detect-libc.js
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var platform = require('os').platform();
+var spawnSync = require('child_process').spawnSync;
+var readdirSync = require('fs').readdirSync;
+
+var GLIBC = 'glibc';
+var MUSL = 'musl';
+
+var spawnOptions = {
+  encoding: 'utf8',
+  env: process.env
+};
+
+if (!spawnSync) {
+  spawnSync = function () {
+    return { status: 126, stdout: '', stderr: '' };
+  };
+}
+
+function contains (needle) {
+  return function (haystack) {
+    return haystack.indexOf(needle) !== -1;
+  };
+}
+
+function versionFromMuslLdd (out) {
+  return out.split(/[\r\n]+/)[1].trim().split(/\s/)[1];
+}
+
+function safeReaddirSync (path) {
+  try {
+    return readdirSync(path);
+  } catch (e) {}
+  return [];
+}
+
+var family = '';
+var version = '';
+var method = '';
+
+if (platform === 'linux') {
+  // Try getconf
+  var glibc = spawnSync('getconf', ['GNU_LIBC_VERSION'], spawnOptions);
+  if (glibc.status === 0) {
+    family = GLIBC;
+    version = glibc.stdout.trim().split(' ')[1];
+    method = 'getconf';
+  } else {
+    // Try ldd
+    var ldd = spawnSync('ldd', ['--version'], spawnOptions);
+    if (ldd.status === 0 && ldd.stdout.indexOf(MUSL) !== -1) {
+      family = MUSL;
+      version = versionFromMuslLdd(ldd.stdout);
+      method = 'ldd';
+    } else if (ldd.status === 1 && ldd.stderr.indexOf(MUSL) !== -1) {
+      family = MUSL;
+      version = versionFromMuslLdd(ldd.stderr);
+      method = 'ldd';
+    } else {
+      // Try filesystem (family only)
+      var lib = safeReaddirSync('/lib');
+      if (lib.some(contains('-linux-gnu'))) {
+        family = GLIBC;
+        method = 'filesystem';
+      } else if (lib.some(contains('libc.musl-'))) {
+        family = MUSL;
+        method = 'filesystem';
+      } else if (lib.some(contains('ld-musl-'))) {
+        family = MUSL;
+        method = 'filesystem';
+      } else {
+        var usrSbin = safeReaddirSync('/usr/sbin');
+        if (usrSbin.some(contains('glibc'))) {
+          family = GLIBC;
+          method = 'filesystem';
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+var isNonGlibcLinux = (family !== '' && family !== GLIBC);
+
+module.exports = {
+  GLIBC: GLIBC,
+  MUSL: MUSL,
+  family: family,
+  version: version,
+  method: method,
+  isNonGlibcLinux: isNonGlibcLinux
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/package.json b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6f5a96ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/detect-libc/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "detect-libc@^1.0.3",
+  "_id": "detect-libc@1.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-+hN8S9aY7fVc1c0CrFWfkaTEups=",
+  "_location": "/detect-libc",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "detect-libc@^1.0.3",
+    "name": "detect-libc",
+    "escapedName": "detect-libc",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/detect-libc/-/detect-libc-1.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "fa137c4bd698edf55cd5cd02ac559f91a4c4ba9b",
+  "_spec": "detect-libc@^1.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Lovell Fuller",
+    "email": "npm@lovell.info"
+  },
+  "bin": {
+    "detect-libc": "bin/detect-libc.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lovell/detect-libc/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Niklas Salmoukas",
+      "email": "niklas@salmoukas.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js module to detect the C standard library (libc) implementation family and version",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "^0.23.0",
+    "nyc": "^11.3.0",
+    "proxyquire": "^1.8.0",
+    "semistandard": "^11.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/detect-libc#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "libc",
+    "glibc",
+    "musl"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "lib/detect-libc.js",
+  "name": "detect-libc",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/lovell/detect-libc.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "semistandard && nyc --reporter=lcov ava"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/dicer/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28a8b6902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+sudo: false
+language: cpp
+notifications:
+  email: false
+env:
+  matrix:
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="0.10"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="0.12"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="4"
+  - TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION="5"
+install:
+  - rm -rf ~/.nvm && git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm && source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh && nvm install $TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION
+  - node --version
+  - npm --version
+  - npm install
+script: npm test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/dicer/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..290762e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright Brian White. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/README.md b/backend/node_modules/dicer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e715289d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+
+Description
+===========
+
+A very fast streaming multipart parser for node.js.
+
+Benchmarks can be found [here](https://github.com/mscdex/dicer/wiki/Benchmarks).
+
+
+Requirements
+============
+
+* [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) -- v0.8.0 or newer
+
+
+Install
+============
+
+    npm install dicer
+
+
+Examples
+========
+
+* Parse an HTTP form upload
+
+```javascript
+var inspect = require('util').inspect,
+    http = require('http');
+
+var Dicer = require('dicer');
+
+    // quick and dirty way to parse multipart boundary
+var RE_BOUNDARY = /^multipart\/.+?(?:; boundary=(?:(?:"(.+)")|(?:([^\s]+))))$/i,
+    HTML = new Buffer('<html><head></head><body>\
+                       <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">\
+                         <input type="text" name="textfield"><br />\
+                         <input type="file" name="filefield"><br />\
+                         <input type="submit">\
+                       </form>\
+                       </body></html>'),
+    PORT = 8080;
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+  var m;
+  if (req.method === 'POST'
+      && req.headers['content-type']
+      && (m = RE_BOUNDARY.exec(req.headers['content-type']))) {
+    var d = new Dicer({ boundary: m[1] || m[2] });
+
+    d.on('part', function(p) {
+      console.log('New part!');
+      p.on('header', function(header) {
+        for (var h in header) {
+          console.log('Part header: k: ' + inspect(h)
+                      + ', v: ' + inspect(header[h]));
+        }
+      });
+      p.on('data', function(data) {
+        console.log('Part data: ' + inspect(data.toString()));
+      });
+      p.on('end', function() {
+        console.log('End of part\n');
+      });
+    });
+    d.on('finish', function() {
+      console.log('End of parts');
+      res.writeHead(200);
+      res.end('Form submission successful!');
+    });
+    req.pipe(d);
+  } else if (req.method === 'GET' && req.url === '/') {
+    res.writeHead(200);
+    res.end(HTML);
+  } else {
+    res.writeHead(404);
+    res.end();
+  }
+}).listen(PORT, function() {
+  console.log('Listening for requests on port ' + PORT);
+});
+```
+
+
+API
+===
+
+_Dicer_ is a _WritableStream_
+
+Dicer (special) events
+----------------------
+
+* **finish**() - Emitted when all parts have been parsed and the Dicer instance has been ended.
+
+* **part**(< _PartStream_ >stream) - Emitted when a new part has been found.
+
+* **preamble**(< _PartStream_ >stream) - Emitted for preamble if you should happen to need it (can usually be ignored).
+
+* **trailer**(< _Buffer_ >data) - Emitted when trailing data was found after the terminating boundary (as with the preamble, this can usually be ignored too).
+
+
+Dicer methods
+-------------
+
+* **(constructor)**(< _object_ >config) - Creates and returns a new Dicer instance with the following valid `config` settings:
+
+    * **boundary** - _string_ - This is the boundary used to detect the beginning of a new part.
+
+    * **headerFirst** - _boolean_ - If true, preamble header parsing will be performed first.
+
+    * **maxHeaderPairs** - _integer_ - The maximum number of header key=>value pairs to parse **Default:** 2000 (same as node's http).
+
+* **setBoundary**(< _string_ >boundary) - _(void)_ - Sets the boundary to use for parsing and performs some initialization needed for parsing. You should only need to use this if you set `headerFirst` to true in the constructor and are parsing the boundary from the preamble header.
+
+
+
+_PartStream_ is a _ReadableStream_
+
+PartStream (special) events
+---------------------------
+
+* **header**(< _object_ >header) - An object containing the header for this particular part. Each property value is an _array_ of one or more string values.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/dicer-bench-multipart-parser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/dicer-bench-multipart-parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a418cb400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/dicer-bench-multipart-parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+var assert = require('assert');
+var Dicer = require('..'),
+    boundary = '-----------------------------168072824752491622650073',
+    d = new Dicer({ boundary: boundary }),
+    mb = 100,
+    buffer = createMultipartBuffer(boundary, mb * 1024 * 1024),
+    callbacks =
+      { partBegin: -1,
+        partEnd: -1,
+        headerField: -1,
+        headerValue: -1,
+        partData: -1,
+        end: -1,
+      };
+
+
+d.on('part', function(p) {
+  callbacks.partBegin++;
+  p.on('header', function(header) {
+    /*for (var h in header)
+      console.log('Part header: k: ' + inspect(h) + ', v: ' + inspect(header[h]));*/
+  });
+  p.on('data', function(data) {
+    callbacks.partData++;
+    //console.log('Part data: ' + inspect(data.toString()));
+  });
+  p.on('end', function() {
+    //console.log('End of part\n');
+    callbacks.partEnd++;
+  });
+});
+d.on('end', function() {
+  //console.log('End of parts');
+  callbacks.end++;
+});
+
+var start = +new Date(),
+    nparsed = d.write(buffer),
+    duration = +new Date - start,
+    mbPerSec = (mb / (duration / 1000)).toFixed(2);
+
+console.log(mbPerSec+' mb/sec');
+
+//assert.equal(nparsed, buffer.length);
+
+function createMultipartBuffer(boundary, size) {
+  var head =
+        '--'+boundary+'\r\n'
+      + 'content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"\r\n'
+      + '\r\n'
+    , tail = '\r\n--'+boundary+'--\r\n'
+    , buffer = new Buffer(size);
+
+  buffer.write(head, 'ascii', 0);
+  buffer.write(tail, 'ascii', buffer.length - tail.length);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  /*for (var k in callbacks) {
+    assert.equal(0, callbacks[k], k+' count off by '+callbacks[k]);
+  }*/
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/formidable-bench-multipart-parser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/formidable-bench-multipart-parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..faa6aafb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/formidable-bench-multipart-parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+var assert = require('assert');
+require('../node_modules/formidable/test/common');
+var multipartParser = require('../node_modules/formidable/lib/multipart_parser'),
+    MultipartParser = multipartParser.MultipartParser,
+    parser = new MultipartParser(),
+    boundary = '-----------------------------168072824752491622650073',
+    mb = 100,
+    buffer = createMultipartBuffer(boundary, mb * 1024 * 1024),
+    callbacks =
+      { partBegin: -1,
+        partEnd: -1,
+        headerField: -1,
+        headerValue: -1,
+        partData: -1,
+        end: -1,
+      };
+
+
+parser.initWithBoundary(boundary);
+parser.onHeaderField = function() {
+  callbacks.headerField++;
+};
+
+parser.onHeaderValue = function() {
+  callbacks.headerValue++;
+};
+
+parser.onPartBegin = function() {
+  callbacks.partBegin++;
+};
+
+parser.onPartData = function() {
+  callbacks.partData++;
+};
+
+parser.onPartEnd = function() {
+  callbacks.partEnd++;
+};
+
+parser.onEnd = function() {
+  callbacks.end++;
+};
+
+var start = +new Date(),
+    nparsed = parser.write(buffer),
+    duration = +new Date - start,
+    mbPerSec = (mb / (duration / 1000)).toFixed(2);
+
+console.log(mbPerSec+' mb/sec');
+
+//assert.equal(nparsed, buffer.length);
+
+function createMultipartBuffer(boundary, size) {
+  var head =
+        '--'+boundary+'\r\n'
+      + 'content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"\r\n'
+      + '\r\n'
+    , tail = '\r\n--'+boundary+'--\r\n'
+    , buffer = new Buffer(size);
+
+  buffer.write(head, 'ascii', 0);
+  buffer.write(tail, 'ascii', buffer.length - tail.length);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  /*for (var k in callbacks) {
+    assert.equal(0, callbacks[k], k+' count off by '+callbacks[k]);
+  }*/
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/multipartser-bench-multipart-parser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/multipartser-bench-multipart-parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..912b9966f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/multipartser-bench-multipart-parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+var assert = require('assert');
+var multipartser = require('multipartser'),
+    boundary = '-----------------------------168072824752491622650073',
+    parser = multipartser(),
+    mb = 100,
+    buffer = createMultipartBuffer(boundary, mb * 1024 * 1024),
+    callbacks =
+      { partBegin: -1,
+        partEnd: -1,
+        headerField: -1,
+        headerValue: -1,
+        partData: -1,
+        end: -1,
+      };
+
+parser.boundary( boundary );
+
+parser.on( 'part', function ( part ) {
+});
+
+parser.on( 'end', function () {
+  //console.log( 'completed parsing' );
+});
+
+parser.on( 'error', function ( error ) {
+  console.error( error );
+});
+
+var start = +new Date(),
+    nparsed = parser.data(buffer),
+    nend = parser.end(),
+    duration = +new Date - start,
+    mbPerSec = (mb / (duration / 1000)).toFixed(2);
+
+console.log(mbPerSec+' mb/sec');
+
+//assert.equal(nparsed, buffer.length);
+
+function createMultipartBuffer(boundary, size) {
+  var head =
+        '--'+boundary+'\r\n'
+      + 'content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"\r\n'
+      + '\r\n'
+    , tail = '\r\n--'+boundary+'--\r\n'
+    , buffer = new Buffer(size);
+
+  buffer.write(head, 'ascii', 0);
+  buffer.write(tail, 'ascii', buffer.length - tail.length);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  /*for (var k in callbacks) {
+    assert.equal(0, callbacks[k], k+' count off by '+callbacks[k]);
+  }*/
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/multiparty-bench-multipart-parser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/multiparty-bench-multipart-parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd6ad5a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/multiparty-bench-multipart-parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+var assert = require('assert'),
+    Form = require('multiparty').Form,
+    boundary = '-----------------------------168072824752491622650073',
+    mb = 100,
+    buffer = createMultipartBuffer(boundary, mb * 1024 * 1024),
+    callbacks =
+      { partBegin: -1,
+        partEnd: -1,
+        headerField: -1,
+        headerValue: -1,
+        partData: -1,
+        end: -1,
+      };
+
+var form = new Form({ boundary: boundary });
+
+hijack('onParseHeaderField', function() {
+  callbacks.headerField++;
+});
+
+hijack('onParseHeaderValue', function() {
+  callbacks.headerValue++;
+});
+
+hijack('onParsePartBegin', function() {
+  callbacks.partBegin++;
+});
+
+hijack('onParsePartData', function() {
+  callbacks.partData++;
+});
+
+hijack('onParsePartEnd', function() {
+  callbacks.partEnd++;
+});
+
+form.on('finish', function() {
+  callbacks.end++;
+});
+
+var start = new Date();
+form.write(buffer, function(err) {
+  var duration = new Date() - start;
+  assert.ifError(err);
+  var mbPerSec = (mb / (duration / 1000)).toFixed(2);
+  console.log(mbPerSec+' mb/sec');
+});
+
+//assert.equal(nparsed, buffer.length);
+
+function createMultipartBuffer(boundary, size) {
+  var head =
+        '--'+boundary+'\r\n'
+      + 'content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"\r\n'
+      + '\r\n'
+    , tail = '\r\n--'+boundary+'--\r\n'
+    , buffer = new Buffer(size);
+
+  buffer.write(head, 'ascii', 0);
+  buffer.write(tail, 'ascii', buffer.length - tail.length);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  /*for (var k in callbacks) {
+    assert.equal(0, callbacks[k], k+' count off by '+callbacks[k]);
+  }*/
+});
+
+function hijack(name, fn) {
+  var oldFn = form[name];
+  form[name] = function() {
+    fn();
+    return oldFn.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/parted-bench-multipart-parser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/parted-bench-multipart-parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf79ba9d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/parted-bench-multipart-parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// A special, edited version of the multipart parser from parted is needed here
+// because otherwise it attempts to do some things above and beyond just parsing
+// -- like saving to disk and whatnot
+
+var assert = require('assert');
+var Parser = require('./parted-multipart'),
+    boundary = '-----------------------------168072824752491622650073',
+    parser = new Parser('boundary=' + boundary),
+    mb = 100,
+    buffer = createMultipartBuffer(boundary, mb * 1024 * 1024),
+    callbacks =
+      { partBegin: -1,
+        partEnd: -1,
+        headerField: -1,
+        headerValue: -1,
+        partData: -1,
+        end: -1,
+      };
+
+
+parser.on('header', function() {
+  //callbacks.headerField++;
+});
+
+parser.on('data', function() {
+  //callbacks.partBegin++;
+});
+
+parser.on('part', function() {
+
+});
+
+parser.on('end', function() {
+  //callbacks.end++;
+});
+
+var start = +new Date(),
+    nparsed = parser.write(buffer),
+    duration = +new Date - start,
+    mbPerSec = (mb / (duration / 1000)).toFixed(2);
+
+console.log(mbPerSec+' mb/sec');
+
+//assert.equal(nparsed, buffer.length);
+
+function createMultipartBuffer(boundary, size) {
+  var head =
+        '--'+boundary+'\r\n'
+      + 'content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"\r\n'
+      + '\r\n'
+    , tail = '\r\n--'+boundary+'--\r\n'
+    , buffer = new Buffer(size);
+
+  buffer.write(head, 'ascii', 0);
+  buffer.write(tail, 'ascii', buffer.length - tail.length);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  /*for (var k in callbacks) {
+    assert.equal(0, callbacks[k], k+' count off by '+callbacks[k]);
+  }*/
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/parted-multipart.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/parted-multipart.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..759445fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/bench/parted-multipart.js
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+/**
+ * Parted (https://github.com/chjj/parted)
+ * A streaming multipart state parser.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, Christopher Jeffrey. (MIT Licensed)
+ */
+
+var fs = require('fs')
+  , path = require('path')
+  , EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
+  , StringDecoder = require('string_decoder').StringDecoder
+  , set = require('qs').set
+  , each = Array.prototype.forEach;
+
+/**
+ * Character Constants
+ */
+
+var DASH = '-'.charCodeAt(0)
+  , CR = '\r'.charCodeAt(0)
+  , LF = '\n'.charCodeAt(0)
+  , COLON = ':'.charCodeAt(0)
+  , SPACE = ' '.charCodeAt(0);
+
+/**
+ * Parser
+ */
+
+var Parser = function(type, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Parser)) {
+    return new Parser(type, options);
+  }
+
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  this.writable = true;
+  this.readable = true;
+
+  this.options = options || {};
+
+  var key = grab(type, 'boundary');
+  if (!key) {
+    return this._error('No boundary key found.');
+  }
+
+  this.key = new Buffer('\r\n--' + key);
+
+  this._key = {};
+  each.call(this.key, function(ch) {
+    this._key[ch] = true;
+  }, this);
+
+  this.state = 'start';
+  this.pending = 0;
+  this.written = 0;
+  this.writtenDisk = 0;
+  this.buff = new Buffer(200);
+
+  this.preamble = true;
+  this.epilogue = false;
+
+  this._reset();
+};
+
+Parser.prototype.__proto__ = EventEmitter.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Parsing
+ */
+
+Parser.prototype.write = function(data) {
+  if (!this.writable
+      || this.epilogue) return;
+
+  try {
+    this._parse(data);
+  } catch (e) {
+    this._error(e);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+Parser.prototype.end = function(data) {
+  if (!this.writable) return;
+
+  if (data) this.write(data);
+
+  if (!this.epilogue) {
+    return this._error('Message underflow.');
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+Parser.prototype._parse = function(data) {
+  var i = 0
+    , len = data.length
+    , buff = this.buff
+    , key = this.key
+    , ch
+    , val
+    , j;
+
+  for (; i < len; i++) {
+    if (this.pos >= 200) {
+      return this._error('Potential buffer overflow.');
+    }
+
+    ch = data[i];
+
+    switch (this.state) {
+      case 'start':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case DASH:
+            this.pos = 3;
+            this.state = 'key';
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'key':
+        if (this.pos === key.length) {
+          this.state = 'key_end';
+          i--;
+        } else if (ch !== key[this.pos]) {
+          if (this.preamble) {
+            this.state = 'start';
+            i--;
+          } else {
+            this.state = 'body';
+            val = this.pos - i;
+            if (val > 0) {
+              this._write(key.slice(0, val));
+            }
+            i--;
+          }
+        } else {
+          this.pos++;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'key_end':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case CR:
+            this.state = 'key_line_end';
+            break;
+          case DASH:
+            this.state = 'key_dash_end';
+            break;
+          default:
+            return this._error('Expected CR or DASH.');
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'key_line_end':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case LF:
+            if (this.preamble) {
+              this.preamble = false;
+            } else {
+              this._finish();
+            }
+            this.state = 'header_name';
+            this.pos = 0;
+            break;
+          default:
+            return this._error('Expected CR.');
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'key_dash_end':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case DASH:
+            this.epilogue = true;
+            this._finish();
+            return;
+          default:
+            return this._error('Expected DASH.');
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'header_name':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case COLON:
+            this.header = buff.toString('ascii', 0, this.pos);
+            this.pos = 0;
+            this.state = 'header_val';
+            break;
+          default:
+            buff[this.pos++] = ch | 32;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'header_val':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case CR:
+            this.state = 'header_val_end';
+            break;
+          case SPACE:
+            if (this.pos === 0) {
+              break;
+            }
+            ; // FALL-THROUGH
+          default:
+            buff[this.pos++] = ch;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'header_val_end':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case LF:
+            val = buff.toString('ascii', 0, this.pos);
+            this._header(this.header, val);
+            this.pos = 0;
+            this.state = 'header_end';
+            break;
+          default:
+            return this._error('Expected LF.');
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'header_end':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case CR:
+            this.state = 'head_end';
+            break;
+          default:
+            this.state = 'header_name';
+            i--;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'head_end':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case LF:
+            this.state = 'body';
+            i++;
+            if (i >= len) return;
+            data = data.slice(i);
+            i = -1;
+            len = data.length;
+            break;
+          default:
+            return this._error('Expected LF.');
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'body':
+        switch (ch) {
+          case CR:
+            if (i > 0) {
+              this._write(data.slice(0, i));
+            }
+            this.pos = 1;
+            this.state = 'key';
+            data = data.slice(i);
+            i = 0;
+            len = data.length;
+            break;
+          default:
+            // boyer-moore-like algorithm
+            // at felixge's suggestion
+            while ((j = i + key.length - 1) < len) {
+              if (this._key[data[j]]) break;
+              i = j;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === 'body') {
+    this._write(data);
+  }
+};
+
+Parser.prototype._header = function(name, val) {
+  /*if (name === 'content-disposition') {
+    this.field = grab(val, 'name');
+    this.file = grab(val, 'filename');
+
+    if (this.file) {
+      this.data = stream(this.file, this.options.path);
+    } else {
+      this.decode = new StringDecoder('utf8');
+      this.data = '';
+    }
+  }*/
+
+  return this.emit('header', name, val);
+};
+
+Parser.prototype._write = function(data) {
+  /*if (this.data == null) {
+    return this._error('No disposition.');
+  }
+
+  if (this.file) {
+    this.data.write(data);
+    this.writtenDisk += data.length;
+  } else {
+    this.data += this.decode.write(data);
+    this.written += data.length;
+  }*/
+
+  this.emit('data', data);
+};
+
+Parser.prototype._reset = function() {
+  this.pos = 0;
+  this.decode = null;
+  this.field = null;
+  this.data = null;
+  this.file = null;
+  this.header = null;
+};
+
+Parser.prototype._error = function(err) {
+  this.destroy();
+  this.emit('error', typeof err === 'string'
+    ? new Error(err)
+    : err);
+};
+
+Parser.prototype.destroy = function(err) {
+  this.writable = false;
+  this.readable = false;
+  this._reset();
+};
+
+Parser.prototype._finish = function() {
+  var self = this
+    , field = this.field
+    , data = this.data
+    , file = this.file
+    , part;
+
+  this.pending++;
+
+  this._reset();
+
+  if (data && data.path) {
+    part = data.path;
+    data.end(next);
+  } else {
+    part = data;
+    next();
+  }
+
+  function next() {
+    if (!self.readable) return;
+
+    self.pending--;
+
+    self.emit('part', field, part);
+
+    if (data && data.path) {
+      self.emit('file', field, part, file);
+    }
+
+    if (self.epilogue && !self.pending) {
+      self.emit('end');
+      self.destroy();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Uploads
+ */
+
+Parser.root = process.platform === 'win32'
+  ? 'C:/Temp'
+  : '/tmp';
+
+/**
+ * Middleware
+ */
+
+Parser.middleware = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  return function(req, res, next) {
+    if (options.ensureBody) {
+      req.body = {};
+    }
+
+    if (req.method === 'GET'
+        || req.method === 'HEAD'
+        || req._multipart) return next();
+
+    req._multipart = true;
+
+    var type = req.headers['content-type'];
+
+    if (type) type = type.split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase();
+
+    if (type === 'multipart/form-data') {
+      Parser.handle(req, res, next, options);
+    } else {
+      next();
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handler
+ */
+
+Parser.handle = function(req, res, next, options) {
+  var parser = new Parser(req.headers['content-type'], options)
+    , diskLimit = options.diskLimit
+    , limit = options.limit
+    , parts = {}
+    , files = {};
+
+  parser.on('error', function(err) {
+    req.destroy();
+    next(err);
+  });
+
+  parser.on('part', function(field, part) {
+    set(parts, field, part);
+  });
+
+  parser.on('file', function(field, path, name) {
+    set(files, field, {
+      path: path,
+      name: name,
+      toString: function() {
+        return path;
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  parser.on('data', function() {
+    if (this.writtenDisk > diskLimit || this.written > limit) {
+      this.emit('error', new Error('Overflow.'));
+      this.destroy();
+    }
+  });
+
+  parser.on('end', next);
+
+  req.body = parts;
+  req.files = files;
+  req.pipe(parser);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helpers
+ */
+
+var isWindows = process.platform === 'win32';
+
+var stream = function(name, dir) {
+  var ext = path.extname(name) || ''
+    , name = path.basename(name, ext) || ''
+    , dir = dir || Parser.root
+    , tag;
+
+  tag = Math.random().toString(36).substring(2);
+
+  name = name.substring(0, 200) + '.' + tag;
+  name = path.join(dir, name) + ext.substring(0, 6);
+  name = name.replace(/\0/g, '');
+
+  if (isWindows) {
+    name = name.replace(/[:*<>|"?]/g, '');
+  }
+
+  return fs.createWriteStream(name);
+};
+
+var grab = function(str, name) {
+  if (!str) return;
+
+  var rx = new RegExp('\\b' + name + '\\s*=\\s*("[^"]+"|\'[^\']+\'|[^;,]+)', 'i')
+    , cap = rx.exec(str);
+
+  if (cap) {
+    return cap[1].trim().replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, '');
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Expose
+ */
+
+module.exports = Parser;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/Dicer.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/Dicer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..246b3ea3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/Dicer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+var WritableStream = require('stream').Writable
+                     || require('readable-stream').Writable,
+    inherits = require('util').inherits;
+
+var StreamSearch = require('streamsearch');
+
+var PartStream = require('./PartStream'),
+    HeaderParser = require('./HeaderParser');
+
+var DASH = 45,
+    B_ONEDASH = new Buffer('-'),
+    B_CRLF = new Buffer('\r\n'),
+    EMPTY_FN = function() {};
+
+function Dicer(cfg) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Dicer))
+    return new Dicer(cfg);
+  WritableStream.call(this, cfg);
+
+  if (!cfg || (!cfg.headerFirst && typeof cfg.boundary !== 'string'))
+    throw new TypeError('Boundary required');
+
+  if (typeof cfg.boundary === 'string')
+    this.setBoundary(cfg.boundary);
+  else
+    this._bparser = undefined;
+
+  this._headerFirst = cfg.headerFirst;
+
+  var self = this;
+
+  this._dashes = 0;
+  this._parts = 0;
+  this._finished = false;
+  this._realFinish = false;
+  this._isPreamble = true;
+  this._justMatched = false;
+  this._firstWrite = true;
+  this._inHeader = true;
+  this._part = undefined;
+  this._cb = undefined;
+  this._ignoreData = false;
+  this._partOpts = (typeof cfg.partHwm === 'number'
+                    ? { highWaterMark: cfg.partHwm }
+                    : {});
+  this._pause = false;
+
+  this._hparser = new HeaderParser(cfg);
+  this._hparser.on('header', function(header) {
+    self._inHeader = false;
+    self._part.emit('header', header);
+  });
+
+}
+inherits(Dicer, WritableStream);
+
+Dicer.prototype.emit = function(ev) {
+  if (ev === 'finish' && !this._realFinish) {
+    if (!this._finished) {
+      var self = this;
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        self.emit('error', new Error('Unexpected end of multipart data'));
+        if (self._part && !self._ignoreData) {
+          var type = (self._isPreamble ? 'Preamble' : 'Part');
+          self._part.emit('error', new Error(type + ' terminated early due to unexpected end of multipart data'));
+          self._part.push(null);
+          process.nextTick(function() {
+            self._realFinish = true;
+            self.emit('finish');
+            self._realFinish = false;
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+        self._realFinish = true;
+        self.emit('finish');
+        self._realFinish = false;
+      });
+    }
+  } else
+    WritableStream.prototype.emit.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+Dicer.prototype._write = function(data, encoding, cb) {
+  // ignore unexpected data (e.g. extra trailer data after finished)
+  if (!this._hparser && !this._bparser)
+    return cb();
+
+  if (this._headerFirst && this._isPreamble) {
+    if (!this._part) {
+      this._part = new PartStream(this._partOpts);
+      if (this._events.preamble)
+        this.emit('preamble', this._part);
+      else
+        this._ignore();
+    }
+    var r = this._hparser.push(data);
+    if (!this._inHeader && r !== undefined && r < data.length)
+      data = data.slice(r);
+    else
+      return cb();
+  }
+
+  // allows for "easier" testing
+  if (this._firstWrite) {
+    this._bparser.push(B_CRLF);
+    this._firstWrite = false;
+  }
+
+  this._bparser.push(data);
+
+  if (this._pause)
+    this._cb = cb;
+  else
+    cb();
+};
+
+Dicer.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this._part = undefined;
+  this._bparser = undefined;
+  this._hparser = undefined;
+};
+
+Dicer.prototype.setBoundary = function(boundary) {
+  var self = this;
+  this._bparser = new StreamSearch('\r\n--' + boundary);
+  this._bparser.on('info', function(isMatch, data, start, end) {
+    self._oninfo(isMatch, data, start, end);
+  });
+};
+
+Dicer.prototype._ignore = function() {
+  if (this._part && !this._ignoreData) {
+    this._ignoreData = true;
+    this._part.on('error', EMPTY_FN);
+    // we must perform some kind of read on the stream even though we are
+    // ignoring the data, otherwise node's Readable stream will not emit 'end'
+    // after pushing null to the stream
+    this._part.resume();
+  }
+};
+
+Dicer.prototype._oninfo = function(isMatch, data, start, end) {
+  var buf, self = this, i = 0, r, ev, shouldWriteMore = true;
+
+  if (!this._part && this._justMatched && data) {
+    while (this._dashes < 2 && (start + i) < end) {
+      if (data[start + i] === DASH) {
+        ++i;
+        ++this._dashes;
+      } else {
+        if (this._dashes)
+          buf = B_ONEDASH;
+        this._dashes = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (this._dashes === 2) {
+      if ((start + i) < end && this._events.trailer)
+        this.emit('trailer', data.slice(start + i, end));
+      this.reset();
+      this._finished = true;
+      // no more parts will be added
+      if (self._parts === 0) {
+        self._realFinish = true;
+        self.emit('finish');
+        self._realFinish = false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (this._dashes)
+      return;
+  }
+  if (this._justMatched)
+    this._justMatched = false;
+  if (!this._part) {
+    this._part = new PartStream(this._partOpts);
+    this._part._read = function(n) {
+      self._unpause();
+    };
+    ev = this._isPreamble ? 'preamble' : 'part';
+    if (this._events[ev])
+      this.emit(ev, this._part);
+    else
+      this._ignore();
+    if (!this._isPreamble)
+      this._inHeader = true;
+  }
+  if (data && start < end && !this._ignoreData) {
+    if (this._isPreamble || !this._inHeader) {
+      if (buf)
+        shouldWriteMore = this._part.push(buf);
+      shouldWriteMore = this._part.push(data.slice(start, end));
+      if (!shouldWriteMore)
+        this._pause = true;
+    } else if (!this._isPreamble && this._inHeader) {
+      if (buf)
+        this._hparser.push(buf);
+      r = this._hparser.push(data.slice(start, end));
+      if (!this._inHeader && r !== undefined && r < end)
+        this._oninfo(false, data, start + r, end);
+    }
+  }
+  if (isMatch) {
+    this._hparser.reset();
+    if (this._isPreamble)
+      this._isPreamble = false;
+    else {
+      ++this._parts;
+      this._part.on('end', function() {
+        if (--self._parts === 0) {
+          if (self._finished) {
+            self._realFinish = true;
+            self.emit('finish');
+            self._realFinish = false;
+          } else {
+            self._unpause();
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    this._part.push(null);
+    this._part = undefined;
+    this._ignoreData = false;
+    this._justMatched = true;
+    this._dashes = 0;
+  }
+};
+
+Dicer.prototype._unpause = function() {
+  if (!this._pause)
+    return;
+
+  this._pause = false;
+  if (this._cb) {
+    var cb = this._cb;
+    this._cb = undefined;
+    cb();
+  }
+};
+
+module.exports = Dicer;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/HeaderParser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/HeaderParser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ae913c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/HeaderParser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter,
+    inherits = require('util').inherits;
+
+var StreamSearch = require('streamsearch');
+
+var B_DCRLF = new Buffer('\r\n\r\n'),
+    RE_CRLF = /\r\n/g,
+    RE_HDR = /^([^:]+):[ \t]?([\x00-\xFF]+)?$/,
+    MAX_HEADER_PAIRS = 2000, // from node's http.js
+    MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 80 * 1024; // from node's http_parser
+
+function HeaderParser(cfg) {
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  var self = this;
+  this.nread = 0;
+  this.maxed = false;
+  this.npairs = 0;
+  this.maxHeaderPairs = (cfg && typeof cfg.maxHeaderPairs === 'number'
+                         ? cfg.maxHeaderPairs
+                         : MAX_HEADER_PAIRS);
+  this.buffer = '';
+  this.header = {};
+  this.finished = false;
+  this.ss = new StreamSearch(B_DCRLF);
+  this.ss.on('info', function(isMatch, data, start, end) {
+    if (data && !self.maxed) {
+      if (self.nread + (end - start) > MAX_HEADER_SIZE) {
+        end = (MAX_HEADER_SIZE - self.nread);
+        self.nread = MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
+      } else
+        self.nread += (end - start);
+
+      if (self.nread === MAX_HEADER_SIZE)
+        self.maxed = true;
+
+      self.buffer += data.toString('binary', start, end);
+    }
+    if (isMatch)
+      self._finish();
+  });
+}
+inherits(HeaderParser, EventEmitter);
+
+HeaderParser.prototype.push = function(data) {
+  var r = this.ss.push(data);
+  if (this.finished)
+    return r;
+};
+
+HeaderParser.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this.finished = false;
+  this.buffer = '';
+  this.header = {};
+  this.ss.reset();
+};
+
+HeaderParser.prototype._finish = function() {
+  if (this.buffer)
+    this._parseHeader();
+  this.ss.matches = this.ss.maxMatches;
+  var header = this.header;
+  this.header = {};
+  this.buffer = '';
+  this.finished = true;
+  this.nread = this.npairs = 0;
+  this.maxed = false;
+  this.emit('header', header);
+};
+
+HeaderParser.prototype._parseHeader = function() {
+  if (this.npairs === this.maxHeaderPairs)
+    return;
+
+  var lines = this.buffer.split(RE_CRLF), len = lines.length, m, h,
+      modded = false;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (lines[i].length === 0)
+      continue;
+    if (lines[i][0] === '\t' || lines[i][0] === ' ') {
+      // folded header content
+      // RFC2822 says to just remove the CRLF and not the whitespace following
+      // it, so we follow the RFC and include the leading whitespace ...
+      this.header[h][this.header[h].length - 1] += lines[i];
+    } else {
+      m = RE_HDR.exec(lines[i]);
+      if (m) {
+        h = m[1].toLowerCase();
+        if (m[2]) {
+          if (this.header[h] === undefined)
+            this.header[h] = [m[2]];
+          else
+            this.header[h].push(m[2]);
+        } else
+          this.header[h] = [''];
+        if (++this.npairs === this.maxHeaderPairs)
+          break;
+      } else {
+        this.buffer = lines[i];
+        modded = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!modded)
+    this.buffer = '';
+};
+
+module.exports = HeaderParser;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/PartStream.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/PartStream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eea84b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/lib/PartStream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+var inherits = require('util').inherits,
+    ReadableStream = require('stream').Readable || require('readable-stream');
+
+function PartStream(opts) {
+  ReadableStream.call(this, opts);
+}
+inherits(PartStream, ReadableStream);
+
+PartStream.prototype._read = function(n) {};
+
+module.exports = PartStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/README.md b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..052a62b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+# isarray
+
+`Array#isArray` for older browsers.
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var isArray = require('isarray');
+
+console.log(isArray([])); // => true
+console.log(isArray({})); // => false
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+With [npm](http://npmjs.org) do
+
+```bash
+$ npm install isarray
+```
+
+Then bundle for the browser with
+[browserify](https://github.com/substack/browserify).
+
+With [component](http://component.io) do
+
+```bash
+$ component install juliangruber/isarray
+```
+
+## License
+
+(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber &lt;julian@juliangruber.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/build/build.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/build/build.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec58596ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/build/build.js
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+
+/**
+ * Require the given path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Object} exports
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function require(path, parent, orig) {
+  var resolved = require.resolve(path);
+
+  // lookup failed
+  if (null == resolved) {
+    orig = orig || path;
+    parent = parent || 'root';
+    var err = new Error('Failed to require "' + orig + '" from "' + parent + '"');
+    err.path = orig;
+    err.parent = parent;
+    err.require = true;
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  var module = require.modules[resolved];
+
+  // perform real require()
+  // by invoking the module's
+  // registered function
+  if (!module.exports) {
+    module.exports = {};
+    module.client = module.component = true;
+    module.call(this, module.exports, require.relative(resolved), module);
+  }
+
+  return module.exports;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Registered modules.
+ */
+
+require.modules = {};
+
+/**
+ * Registered aliases.
+ */
+
+require.aliases = {};
+
+/**
+ * Resolve `path`.
+ *
+ * Lookup:
+ *
+ *   - PATH/index.js
+ *   - PATH.js
+ *   - PATH
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String} path or null
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.resolve = function(path) {
+  if (path.charAt(0) === '/') path = path.slice(1);
+  var index = path + '/index.js';
+
+  var paths = [
+    path,
+    path + '.js',
+    path + '.json',
+    path + '/index.js',
+    path + '/index.json'
+  ];
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
+    var path = paths[i];
+    if (require.modules.hasOwnProperty(path)) return path;
+  }
+
+  if (require.aliases.hasOwnProperty(index)) {
+    return require.aliases[index];
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Normalize `path` relative to the current path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} curr
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.normalize = function(curr, path) {
+  var segs = [];
+
+  if ('.' != path.charAt(0)) return path;
+
+  curr = curr.split('/');
+  path = path.split('/');
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < path.length; ++i) {
+    if ('..' == path[i]) {
+      curr.pop();
+    } else if ('.' != path[i] && '' != path[i]) {
+      segs.push(path[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return curr.concat(segs).join('/');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Register module at `path` with callback `definition`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Function} definition
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.register = function(path, definition) {
+  require.modules[path] = definition;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias a module definition.
+ *
+ * @param {String} from
+ * @param {String} to
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.alias = function(from, to) {
+  if (!require.modules.hasOwnProperty(from)) {
+    throw new Error('Failed to alias "' + from + '", it does not exist');
+  }
+  require.aliases[to] = from;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return a require function relative to the `parent` path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} parent
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+require.relative = function(parent) {
+  var p = require.normalize(parent, '..');
+
+  /**
+   * lastIndexOf helper.
+   */
+
+  function lastIndexOf(arr, obj) {
+    var i = arr.length;
+    while (i--) {
+      if (arr[i] === obj) return i;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The relative require() itself.
+   */
+
+  function localRequire(path) {
+    var resolved = localRequire.resolve(path);
+    return require(resolved, parent, path);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve relative to the parent.
+   */
+
+  localRequire.resolve = function(path) {
+    var c = path.charAt(0);
+    if ('/' == c) return path.slice(1);
+    if ('.' == c) return require.normalize(p, path);
+
+    // resolve deps by returning
+    // the dep in the nearest "deps"
+    // directory
+    var segs = parent.split('/');
+    var i = lastIndexOf(segs, 'deps') + 1;
+    if (!i) i = 0;
+    path = segs.slice(0, i + 1).join('/') + '/deps/' + path;
+    return path;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Check if module is defined at `path`.
+   */
+
+  localRequire.exists = function(path) {
+    return require.modules.hasOwnProperty(localRequire.resolve(path));
+  };
+
+  return localRequire;
+};
+require.register("isarray/index.js", function(exports, require, module){
+module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+};
+
+});
+require.alias("isarray/index.js", "isarray/index.js");
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/component.json b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/component.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e31b6838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/component.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "name" : "isarray",
+  "description" : "Array#isArray for older browsers",
+  "version" : "0.0.1",
+  "repository" : "juliangruber/isarray",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray",
+  "main" : "index.js",
+  "scripts" : [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "dependencies" : {},
+  "keywords": ["browser","isarray","array"],
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/index.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f5ad45d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/package.json b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04caf2ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/isarray/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+  "_from": "isarray@0.0.1",
+  "_id": "isarray@0.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-ihis/Kmo9Bd+Cav8YDiTmwXR7t8=",
+  "_location": "/dicer/isarray",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "isarray@0.0.1",
+    "name": "isarray",
+    "escapedName": "isarray",
+    "rawSpec": "0.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/dicer/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isarray/-/isarray-0.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "8a18acfca9a8f4177e09abfc6038939b05d1eedf",
+  "_spec": "isarray@0.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\dicer\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Array#isArray for older browsers",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "*"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray",
+  "keywords": [
+    "browser",
+    "isarray",
+    "array"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "isarray",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/juliangruber/isarray.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38344f87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+build/
+test/
+examples/
+fs.js
+zlib.js
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3d4e695a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e46b82390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# readable-stream
+
+***Node-core streams for userland***
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream/)
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/readable-stream.png&months=6&height=3)](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream/)
+
+This package is a mirror of the Streams2 and Streams3 implementations in Node-core.
+
+If you want to guarantee a stable streams base, regardless of what version of Node you, or the users of your libraries are using, use **readable-stream** *only* and avoid the *"stream"* module in Node-core.
+
+**readable-stream** comes in two major versions, v1.0.x and v1.1.x. The former tracks the Streams2 implementation in Node 0.10, including bug-fixes and minor improvements as they are added. The latter tracks Streams3 as it develops in Node 0.11; we will likely see a v1.2.x branch for Node 0.12.
+
+**readable-stream** uses proper patch-level versioning so if you pin to `"~1.0.0"` you’ll get the latest Node 0.10 Streams2 implementation, including any fixes and minor non-breaking improvements. The patch-level versions of 1.0.x and 1.1.x should mirror the patch-level versions of Node-core releases. You should prefer the **1.0.x** releases for now and when you’re ready to start using Streams3, pin to `"~1.1.0"`
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca807af87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_duplex.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/float.patch b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/float.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b984607a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/float.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_duplex.js b/lib/_stream_duplex.js
+index c5a741c..a2e0d8e 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_duplex.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_duplex.js
+@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
+ 
+ module.exports = Duplex;
+ var util = require('util');
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('./_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('./_stream_writable');
+ 
+ util.inherits(Duplex, Readable);
+ 
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_passthrough.js b/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
+index a5e9864..330c247 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
+@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
+ 
+ module.exports = PassThrough;
+ 
+-var Transform = require('_stream_transform');
++var Transform = require('./_stream_transform');
+ var util = require('util');
+ util.inherits(PassThrough, Transform);
+ 
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_readable.js b/lib/_stream_readable.js
+index 0c3fe3e..90a8298 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_readable.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_readable.js
+@@ -23,10 +23,34 @@ module.exports = Readable;
+ Readable.ReadableState = ReadableState;
+ 
+ var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
++if (!EE.listenerCount) EE.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
++  return emitter.listeners(type).length;
++};
++
++if (!global.setImmediate) global.setImmediate = function setImmediate(fn) {
++  return setTimeout(fn, 0);
++};
++if (!global.clearImmediate) global.clearImmediate = function clearImmediate(i) {
++  return clearTimeout(i);
++};
++
+ var Stream = require('stream');
+ var util = require('util');
++if (!util.isUndefined) {
++  var utilIs = require('core-util-is');
++  for (var f in utilIs) {
++    util[f] = utilIs[f];
++  }
++}
+ var StringDecoder;
+-var debug = util.debuglog('stream');
++var debug;
++if (util.debuglog)
++  debug = util.debuglog('stream');
++else try {
++  debug = require('debuglog')('stream');
++} catch (er) {
++  debug = function() {};
++}
+ 
+ util.inherits(Readable, Stream);
+ 
+@@ -380,7 +404,7 @@ function chunkInvalid(state, chunk) {
+ 
+ 
+ function onEofChunk(stream, state) {
+-  if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
++  if (state.decoder && !state.ended && state.decoder.end) {
+     var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+     if (chunk && chunk.length) {
+       state.buffer.push(chunk);
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_transform.js b/lib/_stream_transform.js
+index b1f9fcc..b0caf57 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_transform.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_transform.js
+@@ -64,8 +64,14 @@
+ 
+ module.exports = Transform;
+ 
+-var Duplex = require('_stream_duplex');
++var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+ var util = require('util');
++if (!util.isUndefined) {
++  var utilIs = require('core-util-is');
++  for (var f in utilIs) {
++    util[f] = utilIs[f];
++  }
++}
+ util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);
+ 
+ 
+diff --git a/lib/_stream_writable.js b/lib/_stream_writable.js
+index ba2e920..f49288b 100644
+--- a/lib/_stream_writable.js
++++ b/lib/_stream_writable.js
+@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ module.exports = Writable;
+ Writable.WritableState = WritableState;
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
++if (!util.isUndefined) {
++  var utilIs = require('core-util-is');
++  for (var f in utilIs) {
++    util[f] = utilIs[f];
++  }
++}
+ var Stream = require('stream');
+ 
+ util.inherits(Writable, Stream);
+@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@ function WritableState(options, stream) {
+ function Writable(options) {
+   // Writable ctor is applied to Duplexes, though they're not
+   // instanceof Writable, they're instanceof Readable.
+-  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof Stream.Duplex))
++  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof require('./_stream_duplex')))
+     return new Writable(options);
+ 
+   this._writableState = new WritableState(options, this);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js b/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js
+index e3787e4..8cd2127 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-big-push.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var str = 'asdfasdfasdfasdfasdf';
+ 
+ var r = new stream.Readable({
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js b/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js
+index bb73777..d40efc7 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-end-paused.js
+@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ var gotEnd = false;
+ 
+ // Make sure we don't miss the end event for paused 0-length streams
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var stream = new Readable();
+ var calledRead = false;
+ stream._read = function() {
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js
+index b46ee90..0be8366 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-after-end.js
+@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('../../lib/_stream_writable');
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+ util.inherits(TestReadable, Readable);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-cleanup.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-cleanup.js
+deleted file mode 100644
+index f689358..0000000
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-cleanup.js
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
+-// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+-//
+-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+-// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+-// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+-// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+-// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+-// following conditions:
+-//
+-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+-// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+-//
+-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+-// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+-// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+-// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+-// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+-// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+-
+-// This test asserts that Stream.prototype.pipe does not leave listeners
+-// hanging on the source or dest.
+-
+-var common = require('../common');
+-var stream = require('stream');
+-var assert = require('assert');
+-var util = require('util');
+-
+-function Writable() {
+-  this.writable = true;
+-  this.endCalls = 0;
+-  stream.Stream.call(this);
+-}
+-util.inherits(Writable, stream.Stream);
+-Writable.prototype.end = function() {
+-  this.endCalls++;
+-};
+-
+-Writable.prototype.destroy = function() {
+-  this.endCalls++;
+-};
+-
+-function Readable() {
+-  this.readable = true;
+-  stream.Stream.call(this);
+-}
+-util.inherits(Readable, stream.Stream);
+-
+-function Duplex() {
+-  this.readable = true;
+-  Writable.call(this);
+-}
+-util.inherits(Duplex, Writable);
+-
+-var i = 0;
+-var limit = 100;
+-
+-var w = new Writable();
+-
+-var r;
+-
+-for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+-  r = new Readable();
+-  r.pipe(w);
+-  r.emit('end');
+-}
+-assert.equal(0, r.listeners('end').length);
+-assert.equal(limit, w.endCalls);
+-
+-w.endCalls = 0;
+-
+-for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+-  r = new Readable();
+-  r.pipe(w);
+-  r.emit('close');
+-}
+-assert.equal(0, r.listeners('close').length);
+-assert.equal(limit, w.endCalls);
+-
+-w.endCalls = 0;
+-
+-r = new Readable();
+-
+-for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+-  w = new Writable();
+-  r.pipe(w);
+-  w.emit('close');
+-}
+-assert.equal(0, w.listeners('close').length);
+-
+-r = new Readable();
+-w = new Writable();
+-var d = new Duplex();
+-r.pipe(d); // pipeline A
+-d.pipe(w); // pipeline B
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('end').length, 2);   // A.onend, A.cleanup
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('close').length, 2); // A.onclose, A.cleanup
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('end').length, 2);   // B.onend, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('close').length, 3); // A.cleanup, B.onclose, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('close').length, 1); // B.cleanup
+-
+-r.emit('end');
+-assert.equal(d.endCalls, 1);
+-assert.equal(w.endCalls, 0);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('close').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('end').length, 2);   // B.onend, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('close').length, 2); // B.onclose, B.cleanup
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('close').length, 1); // B.cleanup
+-
+-d.emit('end');
+-assert.equal(d.endCalls, 1);
+-assert.equal(w.endCalls, 1);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(r.listeners('close').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(d.listeners('close').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('end').length, 0);
+-assert.equal(w.listeners('close').length, 0);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js
+index c5d724b..c7d6b7d 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-error-handling.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var Stream = require('stream').Stream;
++var Stream = require('../../').Stream;
+ 
+ (function testErrorListenerCatches() {
+   var source = new Stream();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js
+index cb9d5fe..56f8d61 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-pipe-event.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js b/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js
+index f2e6ec2..a5c9bf9 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-push-order.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var s = new Readable({
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js b/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js
+index 06f43dc..1701a9a 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-push-strings.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+ util.inherits(MyStream, Readable);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js
+index ba6a577..a8e6f7b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-event.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ (function first() {
+   // First test, not reading when the readable is added.
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js
+index 2891ad6..11689ba 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-readable-flow-recursion.js
+@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ var assert = require('assert');
+ // more data continuously, but without triggering a nextTick
+ // warning or RangeError.
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ // throw an error if we trigger a nextTick warning.
+ process.throwDeprecation = true;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js
+index 0c96476..7827538 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-empty-chunk.js
+@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ // This test verifies that stream.unshift(Buffer(0)) or 
+ // stream.unshift('') does not set state.reading=false.
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ var r = new Readable();
+ var nChunks = 10;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js
+index 83fd9fa..17c18aa 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-unshift-read-race.js
+@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ var assert = require('assert');
+ // 3. push() after the EOF signaling null is an error.
+ // 4. _read() is not called after pushing the EOF null chunk.
+ 
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var hwm = 10;
+ var r = stream.Readable({ highWaterMark: hwm });
+ var chunks = 10;
+@@ -51,7 +51,14 @@ r._read = function(n) {
+ 
+   function push(fast) {
+     assert(!pushedNull, 'push() after null push');
+-    var c = pos >= data.length ? null : data.slice(pos, pos + n);
++    var c;
++    if (pos >= data.length)
++      c = null;
++    else {
++      if (n + pos > data.length)
++        n = data.length - pos;
++      c = data.slice(pos, pos + n);
++    }
+     pushedNull = c === null;
+     if (fast) {
+       pos += n;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js b/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js
+index 5b49e6e..b5321f3 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream-writev.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ var queue = [];
+ for (var decode = 0; decode < 2; decode++) {
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js
+index 3814bf0..248c1be 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-basic.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
++var R = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js
+index 6cdd4e9..f0fa84b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-compatibility.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
++var R = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js
+index 39b274f..006a19b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-finish-pipe.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+ 
+ var r = new stream.Readable();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-fs.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-fs.js
+deleted file mode 100644
+index e162406..0000000
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-fs.js
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
+-// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+-//
+-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+-// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+-// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+-// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+-// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+-// following conditions:
+-//
+-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+-// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+-//
+-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+-// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+-// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+-// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+-// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+-// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+-
+-
+-var common = require('../common.js');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
+-var assert = require('assert');
+-
+-var fs = require('fs');
+-var FSReadable = fs.ReadStream;
+-
+-var path = require('path');
+-var file = path.resolve(common.fixturesDir, 'x1024.txt');
+-
+-var size = fs.statSync(file).size;
+-
+-var expectLengths = [1024];
+-
+-var util = require('util');
+-var Stream = require('stream');
+-
+-util.inherits(TestWriter, Stream);
+-
+-function TestWriter() {
+-  Stream.apply(this);
+-  this.buffer = [];
+-  this.length = 0;
+-}
+-
+-TestWriter.prototype.write = function(c) {
+-  this.buffer.push(c.toString());
+-  this.length += c.length;
+-  return true;
+-};
+-
+-TestWriter.prototype.end = function(c) {
+-  if (c) this.buffer.push(c.toString());
+-  this.emit('results', this.buffer);
+-}
+-
+-var r = new FSReadable(file);
+-var w = new TestWriter();
+-
+-w.on('results', function(res) {
+-  console.error(res, w.length);
+-  assert.equal(w.length, size);
+-  var l = 0;
+-  assert.deepEqual(res.map(function (c) {
+-    return c.length;
+-  }), expectLengths);
+-  console.log('ok');
+-});
+-
+-r.pipe(w);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-httpclient-response-end.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-httpclient-response-end.js
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 15cffc2..0000000
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-httpclient-response-end.js
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
+-// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+-//
+-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+-// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+-// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+-// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+-// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+-// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+-// following conditions:
+-//
+-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+-// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+-//
+-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+-// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+-// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+-// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+-// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+-// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+-// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+-
+-var common = require('../common.js');
+-var assert = require('assert');
+-var http = require('http');
+-var msg = 'Hello';
+-var readable_event = false;
+-var end_event = false;
+-var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+-  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
+-  res.end(msg);
+-}).listen(common.PORT, function() {
+-  http.get({port: common.PORT}, function(res) {
+-    var data = '';
+-    res.on('readable', function() {
+-      console.log('readable event');
+-      readable_event = true;
+-      data += res.read();
+-    });
+-    res.on('end', function() {
+-      console.log('end event');
+-      end_event = true;
+-      assert.strictEqual(msg, data);
+-      server.close();
+-    });
+-  });
+-});
+-
+-process.on('exit', function() {
+-  assert(readable_event);
+-  assert(end_event);
+-});
+-
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js
+index 2fbfbca..667985b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-large-read-stall.js
+@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var PUSHSIZE = 20;
+ var PUSHCOUNT = 1000;
+ var HWM = 50;
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var r = new Readable({
+   highWaterMark: HWM
+ });
+@@ -39,23 +39,23 @@ var rs = r._readableState;
+ r._read = push;
+ 
+ r.on('readable', function() {
+-  console.error('>> readable');
++  //console.error('>> readable');
+   do {
+-    console.error('  > read(%d)', READSIZE);
++    //console.error('  > read(%d)', READSIZE);
+     var ret = r.read(READSIZE);
+-    console.error('  < %j (%d remain)', ret && ret.length, rs.length);
++    //console.error('  < %j (%d remain)', ret && ret.length, rs.length);
+   } while (ret && ret.length === READSIZE);
+ 
+-  console.error('<< after read()',
+-                ret && ret.length,
+-                rs.needReadable,
+-                rs.length);
++  //console.error('<< after read()',
++  //              ret && ret.length,
++  //              rs.needReadable,
++  //              rs.length);
+ });
+ 
+ var endEmitted = false;
+ r.on('end', function() {
+   endEmitted = true;
+-  console.error('end');
++  //console.error('end');
+ });
+ 
+ var pushes = 0;
+@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ function push() {
+     return;
+ 
+   if (pushes++ === PUSHCOUNT) {
+-    console.error('   push(EOF)');
++    //console.error('   push(EOF)');
+     return r.push(null);
+   }
+ 
+-  console.error('   push #%d', pushes);
++  //console.error('   push #%d', pushes);
+   if (r.push(new Buffer(PUSHSIZE)))
+     setTimeout(push);
+ }
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js
+index 3e6931d..ff47d89 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-objects.js
+@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
+ 
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('../../lib/_stream_writable');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js
+index cf7531c..e3f3e4e 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-handling.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ (function testErrorListenerCatches() {
+   var count = 1000;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js
+index 5e8e3cb..53b2616 100755
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-pipe-error-once-listener.js
+@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ 
+ var Read = function() {
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js
+index b63edc3..eb2b0e9 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-push.js
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var Readable = stream.Readable;
+ var Writable = stream.Writable;
+ var assert = require('assert');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js
+index e8a7305..9740a47 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-read-sync-stack.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ var r = new Readable();
+ var N = 256 * 1024;
+ 
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js
+index cd30178..4b1659d 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-empty-buffer-no-eof.js
+@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
++var Readable = require('../../').Readable;
+ 
+ test1();
+-test2();
+ 
+ function test1() {
+   var r = new Readable();
+@@ -88,31 +87,3 @@ function test1() {
+     console.log('ok');
+   });
+ }
+-
+-function test2() {
+-  var r = new Readable({ encoding: 'base64' });
+-  var reads = 5;
+-  r._read = function(n) {
+-    if (!reads--)
+-      return r.push(null); // EOF
+-    else
+-      return r.push(new Buffer('x'));
+-  };
+-
+-  var results = [];
+-  function flow() {
+-    var chunk;
+-    while (null !== (chunk = r.read()))
+-      results.push(chunk + '');
+-  }
+-  r.on('readable', flow);
+-  r.on('end', function() {
+-    results.push('EOF');
+-  });
+-  flow();
+-
+-  process.on('exit', function() {
+-    assert.deepEqual(results, [ 'eHh4', 'eHg=', 'EOF' ]);
+-    console.log('ok');
+-  });
+-}
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
+index 7c96ffe..04a96f5 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var fromList = require('_stream_readable')._fromList;
++var fromList = require('../../lib/_stream_readable')._fromList;
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+ var tests = [];
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js
+index 675da8e..51fd3d5 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-legacy-drain.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Stream = require('stream');
++var Stream = require('../../');
+ var Readable = Stream.Readable;
+ 
+ var r = new Readable();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js
+index 7314ae7..c971898 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-non-empty-end.js
+@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
+ 
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ 
+ var len = 0;
+ var chunks = new Array(10);
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js
+index 2e5cf25..fd8a3dc 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap-empty.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+ 
+ var oldStream = new EE();
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js
+index 90eea01..6b177f7 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-readable-wrap.js
+@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var Readable = require('_stream_readable');
+-var Writable = require('_stream_writable');
++var Readable = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
++var Writable = require('../../lib/_stream_writable');
+ var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+ 
+ var testRuns = 0, completedRuns = 0;
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js
+index 5d2c32a..685531b 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-set-encoding.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var R = require('_stream_readable');
++var R = require('../../lib/_stream_readable');
+ var util = require('util');
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js
+index 9c9ddd8..a0cacc6 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-transform.js
+@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
+ 
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var PassThrough = require('_stream_passthrough');
+-var Transform = require('_stream_transform');
++var PassThrough = require('../../').PassThrough;
++var Transform = require('../../').Transform;
+ 
+ // tiny node-tap lookalike.
+ var tests = [];
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js
+index d66dc3c..365b327 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-drain.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var crypto = require('crypto');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js
+index 99f8746..17c92ae 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-unpipe-leak.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ 
+ var chunk = new Buffer('hallo');
+ 
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js b/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js
+index 704100c..209c3a6 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream2-writable.js
+@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
+ // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ 
+ var common = require('../common.js');
+-var W = require('_stream_writable');
+-var D = require('_stream_duplex');
++var W = require('../../').Writable;
++var D = require('../../').Duplex;
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+ var util = require('util');
+diff --git a/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js b/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js
+index b91bde3..2f72c15 100644
+--- a/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js
++++ b/test/simple/test-stream3-pause-then-read.js
+@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
+ var common = require('../common');
+ var assert = require('assert');
+ 
+-var stream = require('stream');
++var stream = require('../../');
+ var Readable = stream.Readable;
+ var Writable = stream.Writable;
+ 
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b513d61a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a duplex stream is just a stream that is both readable and writable.
+// Since JS doesn't have multiple prototypal inheritance, this class
+// prototypally inherits from Readable, and then parasitically from
+// Writable.
+
+module.exports = Duplex;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var objectKeys = Object.keys || function (obj) {
+  var keys = [];
+  for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
+  return keys;
+}
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Readable = require('./_stream_readable');
+var Writable = require('./_stream_writable');
+
+util.inherits(Duplex, Readable);
+
+forEach(objectKeys(Writable.prototype), function(method) {
+  if (!Duplex.prototype[method])
+    Duplex.prototype[method] = Writable.prototype[method];
+});
+
+function Duplex(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Duplex))
+    return new Duplex(options);
+
+  Readable.call(this, options);
+  Writable.call(this, options);
+
+  if (options && options.readable === false)
+    this.readable = false;
+
+  if (options && options.writable === false)
+    this.writable = false;
+
+  this.allowHalfOpen = true;
+  if (options && options.allowHalfOpen === false)
+    this.allowHalfOpen = false;
+
+  this.once('end', onend);
+}
+
+// the no-half-open enforcer
+function onend() {
+  // if we allow half-open state, or if the writable side ended,
+  // then we're ok.
+  if (this.allowHalfOpen || this._writableState.ended)
+    return;
+
+  // no more data can be written.
+  // But allow more writes to happen in this tick.
+  process.nextTick(this.end.bind(this));
+}
+
+function forEach (xs, f) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    f(xs[i], i);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..895ca50a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a passthrough stream.
+// basically just the most minimal sort of Transform stream.
+// Every written chunk gets output as-is.
+
+module.exports = PassThrough;
+
+var Transform = require('./_stream_transform');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+util.inherits(PassThrough, Transform);
+
+function PassThrough(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof PassThrough))
+    return new PassThrough(options);
+
+  Transform.call(this, options);
+}
+
+PassThrough.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  cb(null, chunk);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19ab35889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,951 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+module.exports = Readable;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var isArray = require('isarray');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+Readable.ReadableState = ReadableState;
+
+var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+if (!EE.listenerCount) EE.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
+  return emitter.listeners(type).length;
+};
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Stream = require('stream');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var StringDecoder;
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var debug = require('util');
+if (debug && debug.debuglog) {
+  debug = debug.debuglog('stream');
+} else {
+  debug = function () {};
+}
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+
+util.inherits(Readable, Stream);
+
+function ReadableState(options, stream) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // the point at which it stops calling _read() to fill the buffer
+  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means "don't call _read preemptively ever"
+  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
+  var defaultHwm = options.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
+  this.highWaterMark = (hwm || hwm === 0) ? hwm : defaultHwm;
+
+  // cast to ints.
+  this.highWaterMark = ~~this.highWaterMark;
+
+  this.buffer = [];
+  this.length = 0;
+  this.pipes = null;
+  this.pipesCount = 0;
+  this.flowing = null;
+  this.ended = false;
+  this.endEmitted = false;
+  this.reading = false;
+
+  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
+  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
+  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
+  // not happen before the first write call.
+  this.sync = true;
+
+  // whenever we return null, then we set a flag to say
+  // that we're awaiting a 'readable' event emission.
+  this.needReadable = false;
+  this.emittedReadable = false;
+  this.readableListening = false;
+
+
+  // object stream flag. Used to make read(n) ignore n and to
+  // make all the buffer merging and length checks go away
+  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;
+
+  if (stream instanceof Duplex)
+    this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.readableObjectMode;
+
+  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
+  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
+  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
+  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';
+
+  // when piping, we only care about 'readable' events that happen
+  // after read()ing all the bytes and not getting any pushback.
+  this.ranOut = false;
+
+  // the number of writers that are awaiting a drain event in .pipe()s
+  this.awaitDrain = 0;
+
+  // if true, a maybeReadMore has been scheduled
+  this.readingMore = false;
+
+  this.decoder = null;
+  this.encoding = null;
+  if (options.encoding) {
+    if (!StringDecoder)
+      StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
+    this.decoder = new StringDecoder(options.encoding);
+    this.encoding = options.encoding;
+  }
+}
+
+function Readable(options) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Readable))
+    return new Readable(options);
+
+  this._readableState = new ReadableState(options, this);
+
+  // legacy
+  this.readable = true;
+
+  Stream.call(this);
+}
+
+// Manually shove something into the read() buffer.
+// This returns true if the highWaterMark has not been hit yet,
+// similar to how Writable.write() returns true if you should
+// write() some more.
+Readable.prototype.push = function(chunk, encoding) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  if (util.isString(chunk) && !state.objectMode) {
+    encoding = encoding || state.defaultEncoding;
+    if (encoding !== state.encoding) {
+      chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
+      encoding = '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  return readableAddChunk(this, state, chunk, encoding, false);
+};
+
+// Unshift should *always* be something directly out of read()
+Readable.prototype.unshift = function(chunk) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  return readableAddChunk(this, state, chunk, '', true);
+};
+
+function readableAddChunk(stream, state, chunk, encoding, addToFront) {
+  var er = chunkInvalid(state, chunk);
+  if (er) {
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+  } else if (util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk)) {
+    state.reading = false;
+    if (!state.ended)
+      onEofChunk(stream, state);
+  } else if (state.objectMode || chunk && chunk.length > 0) {
+    if (state.ended && !addToFront) {
+      var e = new Error('stream.push() after EOF');
+      stream.emit('error', e);
+    } else if (state.endEmitted && addToFront) {
+      var e = new Error('stream.unshift() after end event');
+      stream.emit('error', e);
+    } else {
+      if (state.decoder && !addToFront && !encoding)
+        chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
+
+      if (!addToFront)
+        state.reading = false;
+
+      // if we want the data now, just emit it.
+      if (state.flowing && state.length === 0 && !state.sync) {
+        stream.emit('data', chunk);
+        stream.read(0);
+      } else {
+        // update the buffer info.
+        state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+        if (addToFront)
+          state.buffer.unshift(chunk);
+        else
+          state.buffer.push(chunk);
+
+        if (state.needReadable)
+          emitReadable(stream);
+      }
+
+      maybeReadMore(stream, state);
+    }
+  } else if (!addToFront) {
+    state.reading = false;
+  }
+
+  return needMoreData(state);
+}
+
+
+
+// if it's past the high water mark, we can push in some more.
+// Also, if we have no data yet, we can stand some
+// more bytes.  This is to work around cases where hwm=0,
+// such as the repl.  Also, if the push() triggered a
+// readable event, and the user called read(largeNumber) such that
+// needReadable was set, then we ought to push more, so that another
+// 'readable' event will be triggered.
+function needMoreData(state) {
+  return !state.ended &&
+         (state.needReadable ||
+          state.length < state.highWaterMark ||
+          state.length === 0);
+}
+
+// backwards compatibility.
+Readable.prototype.setEncoding = function(enc) {
+  if (!StringDecoder)
+    StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
+  this._readableState.decoder = new StringDecoder(enc);
+  this._readableState.encoding = enc;
+  return this;
+};
+
+// Don't raise the hwm > 128MB
+var MAX_HWM = 0x800000;
+function roundUpToNextPowerOf2(n) {
+  if (n >= MAX_HWM) {
+    n = MAX_HWM;
+  } else {
+    // Get the next highest power of 2
+    n--;
+    for (var p = 1; p < 32; p <<= 1) n |= n >> p;
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+function howMuchToRead(n, state) {
+  if (state.length === 0 && state.ended)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (state.objectMode)
+    return n === 0 ? 0 : 1;
+
+  if (isNaN(n) || util.isNull(n)) {
+    // only flow one buffer at a time
+    if (state.flowing && state.buffer.length)
+      return state.buffer[0].length;
+    else
+      return state.length;
+  }
+
+  if (n <= 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  // If we're asking for more than the target buffer level,
+  // then raise the water mark.  Bump up to the next highest
+  // power of 2, to prevent increasing it excessively in tiny
+  // amounts.
+  if (n > state.highWaterMark)
+    state.highWaterMark = roundUpToNextPowerOf2(n);
+
+  // don't have that much.  return null, unless we've ended.
+  if (n > state.length) {
+    if (!state.ended) {
+      state.needReadable = true;
+      return 0;
+    } else
+      return state.length;
+  }
+
+  return n;
+}
+
+// you can override either this method, or the async _read(n) below.
+Readable.prototype.read = function(n) {
+  debug('read', n);
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var nOrig = n;
+
+  if (!util.isNumber(n) || n > 0)
+    state.emittedReadable = false;
+
+  // if we're doing read(0) to trigger a readable event, but we
+  // already have a bunch of data in the buffer, then just trigger
+  // the 'readable' event and move on.
+  if (n === 0 &&
+      state.needReadable &&
+      (state.length >= state.highWaterMark || state.ended)) {
+    debug('read: emitReadable', state.length, state.ended);
+    if (state.length === 0 && state.ended)
+      endReadable(this);
+    else
+      emitReadable(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  n = howMuchToRead(n, state);
+
+  // if we've ended, and we're now clear, then finish it up.
+  if (n === 0 && state.ended) {
+    if (state.length === 0)
+      endReadable(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // All the actual chunk generation logic needs to be
+  // *below* the call to _read.  The reason is that in certain
+  // synthetic stream cases, such as passthrough streams, _read
+  // may be a completely synchronous operation which may change
+  // the state of the read buffer, providing enough data when
+  // before there was *not* enough.
+  //
+  // So, the steps are:
+  // 1. Figure out what the state of things will be after we do
+  // a read from the buffer.
+  //
+  // 2. If that resulting state will trigger a _read, then call _read.
+  // Note that this may be asynchronous, or synchronous.  Yes, it is
+  // deeply ugly to write APIs this way, but that still doesn't mean
+  // that the Readable class should behave improperly, as streams are
+  // designed to be sync/async agnostic.
+  // Take note if the _read call is sync or async (ie, if the read call
+  // has returned yet), so that we know whether or not it's safe to emit
+  // 'readable' etc.
+  //
+  // 3. Actually pull the requested chunks out of the buffer and return.
+
+  // if we need a readable event, then we need to do some reading.
+  var doRead = state.needReadable;
+  debug('need readable', doRead);
+
+  // if we currently have less than the highWaterMark, then also read some
+  if (state.length === 0 || state.length - n < state.highWaterMark) {
+    doRead = true;
+    debug('length less than watermark', doRead);
+  }
+
+  // however, if we've ended, then there's no point, and if we're already
+  // reading, then it's unnecessary.
+  if (state.ended || state.reading) {
+    doRead = false;
+    debug('reading or ended', doRead);
+  }
+
+  if (doRead) {
+    debug('do read');
+    state.reading = true;
+    state.sync = true;
+    // if the length is currently zero, then we *need* a readable event.
+    if (state.length === 0)
+      state.needReadable = true;
+    // call internal read method
+    this._read(state.highWaterMark);
+    state.sync = false;
+  }
+
+  // If _read pushed data synchronously, then `reading` will be false,
+  // and we need to re-evaluate how much data we can return to the user.
+  if (doRead && !state.reading)
+    n = howMuchToRead(nOrig, state);
+
+  var ret;
+  if (n > 0)
+    ret = fromList(n, state);
+  else
+    ret = null;
+
+  if (util.isNull(ret)) {
+    state.needReadable = true;
+    n = 0;
+  }
+
+  state.length -= n;
+
+  // If we have nothing in the buffer, then we want to know
+  // as soon as we *do* get something into the buffer.
+  if (state.length === 0 && !state.ended)
+    state.needReadable = true;
+
+  // If we tried to read() past the EOF, then emit end on the next tick.
+  if (nOrig !== n && state.ended && state.length === 0)
+    endReadable(this);
+
+  if (!util.isNull(ret))
+    this.emit('data', ret);
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+function chunkInvalid(state, chunk) {
+  var er = null;
+  if (!util.isBuffer(chunk) &&
+      !util.isString(chunk) &&
+      !util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk) &&
+      !state.objectMode) {
+    er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
+  }
+  return er;
+}
+
+
+function onEofChunk(stream, state) {
+  if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
+    var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+    if (chunk && chunk.length) {
+      state.buffer.push(chunk);
+      state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+    }
+  }
+  state.ended = true;
+
+  // emit 'readable' now to make sure it gets picked up.
+  emitReadable(stream);
+}
+
+// Don't emit readable right away in sync mode, because this can trigger
+// another read() call => stack overflow.  This way, it might trigger
+// a nextTick recursion warning, but that's not so bad.
+function emitReadable(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  state.needReadable = false;
+  if (!state.emittedReadable) {
+    debug('emitReadable', state.flowing);
+    state.emittedReadable = true;
+    if (state.sync)
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        emitReadable_(stream);
+      });
+    else
+      emitReadable_(stream);
+  }
+}
+
+function emitReadable_(stream) {
+  debug('emit readable');
+  stream.emit('readable');
+  flow(stream);
+}
+
+
+// at this point, the user has presumably seen the 'readable' event,
+// and called read() to consume some data.  that may have triggered
+// in turn another _read(n) call, in which case reading = true if
+// it's in progress.
+// However, if we're not ended, or reading, and the length < hwm,
+// then go ahead and try to read some more preemptively.
+function maybeReadMore(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.readingMore) {
+    state.readingMore = true;
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      maybeReadMore_(stream, state);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function maybeReadMore_(stream, state) {
+  var len = state.length;
+  while (!state.reading && !state.flowing && !state.ended &&
+         state.length < state.highWaterMark) {
+    debug('maybeReadMore read 0');
+    stream.read(0);
+    if (len === state.length)
+      // didn't get any data, stop spinning.
+      break;
+    else
+      len = state.length;
+  }
+  state.readingMore = false;
+}
+
+// abstract method.  to be overridden in specific implementation classes.
+// call cb(er, data) where data is <= n in length.
+// for virtual (non-string, non-buffer) streams, "length" is somewhat
+// arbitrary, and perhaps not very meaningful.
+Readable.prototype._read = function(n) {
+  this.emit('error', new Error('not implemented'));
+};
+
+Readable.prototype.pipe = function(dest, pipeOpts) {
+  var src = this;
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  switch (state.pipesCount) {
+    case 0:
+      state.pipes = dest;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      state.pipes = [state.pipes, dest];
+      break;
+    default:
+      state.pipes.push(dest);
+      break;
+  }
+  state.pipesCount += 1;
+  debug('pipe count=%d opts=%j', state.pipesCount, pipeOpts);
+
+  var doEnd = (!pipeOpts || pipeOpts.end !== false) &&
+              dest !== process.stdout &&
+              dest !== process.stderr;
+
+  var endFn = doEnd ? onend : cleanup;
+  if (state.endEmitted)
+    process.nextTick(endFn);
+  else
+    src.once('end', endFn);
+
+  dest.on('unpipe', onunpipe);
+  function onunpipe(readable) {
+    debug('onunpipe');
+    if (readable === src) {
+      cleanup();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function onend() {
+    debug('onend');
+    dest.end();
+  }
+
+  // when the dest drains, it reduces the awaitDrain counter
+  // on the source.  This would be more elegant with a .once()
+  // handler in flow(), but adding and removing repeatedly is
+  // too slow.
+  var ondrain = pipeOnDrain(src);
+  dest.on('drain', ondrain);
+
+  function cleanup() {
+    debug('cleanup');
+    // cleanup event handlers once the pipe is broken
+    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
+    dest.removeListener('drain', ondrain);
+    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    dest.removeListener('unpipe', onunpipe);
+    src.removeListener('end', onend);
+    src.removeListener('end', cleanup);
+    src.removeListener('data', ondata);
+
+    // if the reader is waiting for a drain event from this
+    // specific writer, then it would cause it to never start
+    // flowing again.
+    // So, if this is awaiting a drain, then we just call it now.
+    // If we don't know, then assume that we are waiting for one.
+    if (state.awaitDrain &&
+        (!dest._writableState || dest._writableState.needDrain))
+      ondrain();
+  }
+
+  src.on('data', ondata);
+  function ondata(chunk) {
+    debug('ondata');
+    var ret = dest.write(chunk);
+    if (false === ret) {
+      debug('false write response, pause',
+            src._readableState.awaitDrain);
+      src._readableState.awaitDrain++;
+      src.pause();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if the dest has an error, then stop piping into it.
+  // however, don't suppress the throwing behavior for this.
+  function onerror(er) {
+    debug('onerror', er);
+    unpipe();
+    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    if (EE.listenerCount(dest, 'error') === 0)
+      dest.emit('error', er);
+  }
+  // This is a brutally ugly hack to make sure that our error handler
+  // is attached before any userland ones.  NEVER DO THIS.
+  if (!dest._events || !dest._events.error)
+    dest.on('error', onerror);
+  else if (isArray(dest._events.error))
+    dest._events.error.unshift(onerror);
+  else
+    dest._events.error = [onerror, dest._events.error];
+
+
+
+  // Both close and finish should trigger unpipe, but only once.
+  function onclose() {
+    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
+    unpipe();
+  }
+  dest.once('close', onclose);
+  function onfinish() {
+    debug('onfinish');
+    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    unpipe();
+  }
+  dest.once('finish', onfinish);
+
+  function unpipe() {
+    debug('unpipe');
+    src.unpipe(dest);
+  }
+
+  // tell the dest that it's being piped to
+  dest.emit('pipe', src);
+
+  // start the flow if it hasn't been started already.
+  if (!state.flowing) {
+    debug('pipe resume');
+    src.resume();
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+};
+
+function pipeOnDrain(src) {
+  return function() {
+    var state = src._readableState;
+    debug('pipeOnDrain', state.awaitDrain);
+    if (state.awaitDrain)
+      state.awaitDrain--;
+    if (state.awaitDrain === 0 && EE.listenerCount(src, 'data')) {
+      state.flowing = true;
+      flow(src);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+
+Readable.prototype.unpipe = function(dest) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  // if we're not piping anywhere, then do nothing.
+  if (state.pipesCount === 0)
+    return this;
+
+  // just one destination.  most common case.
+  if (state.pipesCount === 1) {
+    // passed in one, but it's not the right one.
+    if (dest && dest !== state.pipes)
+      return this;
+
+    if (!dest)
+      dest = state.pipes;
+
+    // got a match.
+    state.pipes = null;
+    state.pipesCount = 0;
+    state.flowing = false;
+    if (dest)
+      dest.emit('unpipe', this);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // slow case. multiple pipe destinations.
+
+  if (!dest) {
+    // remove all.
+    var dests = state.pipes;
+    var len = state.pipesCount;
+    state.pipes = null;
+    state.pipesCount = 0;
+    state.flowing = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)
+      dests[i].emit('unpipe', this);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // try to find the right one.
+  var i = indexOf(state.pipes, dest);
+  if (i === -1)
+    return this;
+
+  state.pipes.splice(i, 1);
+  state.pipesCount -= 1;
+  if (state.pipesCount === 1)
+    state.pipes = state.pipes[0];
+
+  dest.emit('unpipe', this);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+// set up data events if they are asked for
+// Ensure readable listeners eventually get something
+Readable.prototype.on = function(ev, fn) {
+  var res = Stream.prototype.on.call(this, ev, fn);
+
+  // If listening to data, and it has not explicitly been paused,
+  // then call resume to start the flow of data on the next tick.
+  if (ev === 'data' && false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
+    this.resume();
+  }
+
+  if (ev === 'readable' && this.readable) {
+    var state = this._readableState;
+    if (!state.readableListening) {
+      state.readableListening = true;
+      state.emittedReadable = false;
+      state.needReadable = true;
+      if (!state.reading) {
+        var self = this;
+        process.nextTick(function() {
+          debug('readable nexttick read 0');
+          self.read(0);
+        });
+      } else if (state.length) {
+        emitReadable(this, state);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return res;
+};
+Readable.prototype.addListener = Readable.prototype.on;
+
+// pause() and resume() are remnants of the legacy readable stream API
+// If the user uses them, then switch into old mode.
+Readable.prototype.resume = function() {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  if (!state.flowing) {
+    debug('resume');
+    state.flowing = true;
+    if (!state.reading) {
+      debug('resume read 0');
+      this.read(0);
+    }
+    resume(this, state);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+function resume(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.resumeScheduled) {
+    state.resumeScheduled = true;
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      resume_(stream, state);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function resume_(stream, state) {
+  state.resumeScheduled = false;
+  stream.emit('resume');
+  flow(stream);
+  if (state.flowing && !state.reading)
+    stream.read(0);
+}
+
+Readable.prototype.pause = function() {
+  debug('call pause flowing=%j', this._readableState.flowing);
+  if (false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
+    debug('pause');
+    this._readableState.flowing = false;
+    this.emit('pause');
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+function flow(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  debug('flow', state.flowing);
+  if (state.flowing) {
+    do {
+      var chunk = stream.read();
+    } while (null !== chunk && state.flowing);
+  }
+}
+
+// wrap an old-style stream as the async data source.
+// This is *not* part of the readable stream interface.
+// It is an ugly unfortunate mess of history.
+Readable.prototype.wrap = function(stream) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var paused = false;
+
+  var self = this;
+  stream.on('end', function() {
+    debug('wrapped end');
+    if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
+      var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+      if (chunk && chunk.length)
+        self.push(chunk);
+    }
+
+    self.push(null);
+  });
+
+  stream.on('data', function(chunk) {
+    debug('wrapped data');
+    if (state.decoder)
+      chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
+    if (!chunk || !state.objectMode && !chunk.length)
+      return;
+
+    var ret = self.push(chunk);
+    if (!ret) {
+      paused = true;
+      stream.pause();
+    }
+  });
+
+  // proxy all the other methods.
+  // important when wrapping filters and duplexes.
+  for (var i in stream) {
+    if (util.isFunction(stream[i]) && util.isUndefined(this[i])) {
+      this[i] = function(method) { return function() {
+        return stream[method].apply(stream, arguments);
+      }}(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // proxy certain important events.
+  var events = ['error', 'close', 'destroy', 'pause', 'resume'];
+  forEach(events, function(ev) {
+    stream.on(ev, self.emit.bind(self, ev));
+  });
+
+  // when we try to consume some more bytes, simply unpause the
+  // underlying stream.
+  self._read = function(n) {
+    debug('wrapped _read', n);
+    if (paused) {
+      paused = false;
+      stream.resume();
+    }
+  };
+
+  return self;
+};
+
+
+
+// exposed for testing purposes only.
+Readable._fromList = fromList;
+
+// Pluck off n bytes from an array of buffers.
+// Length is the combined lengths of all the buffers in the list.
+function fromList(n, state) {
+  var list = state.buffer;
+  var length = state.length;
+  var stringMode = !!state.decoder;
+  var objectMode = !!state.objectMode;
+  var ret;
+
+  // nothing in the list, definitely empty.
+  if (list.length === 0)
+    return null;
+
+  if (length === 0)
+    ret = null;
+  else if (objectMode)
+    ret = list.shift();
+  else if (!n || n >= length) {
+    // read it all, truncate the array.
+    if (stringMode)
+      ret = list.join('');
+    else
+      ret = Buffer.concat(list, length);
+    list.length = 0;
+  } else {
+    // read just some of it.
+    if (n < list[0].length) {
+      // just take a part of the first list item.
+      // slice is the same for buffers and strings.
+      var buf = list[0];
+      ret = buf.slice(0, n);
+      list[0] = buf.slice(n);
+    } else if (n === list[0].length) {
+      // first list is a perfect match
+      ret = list.shift();
+    } else {
+      // complex case.
+      // we have enough to cover it, but it spans past the first buffer.
+      if (stringMode)
+        ret = '';
+      else
+        ret = new Buffer(n);
+
+      var c = 0;
+      for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l && c < n; i++) {
+        var buf = list[0];
+        var cpy = Math.min(n - c, buf.length);
+
+        if (stringMode)
+          ret += buf.slice(0, cpy);
+        else
+          buf.copy(ret, c, 0, cpy);
+
+        if (cpy < buf.length)
+          list[0] = buf.slice(cpy);
+        else
+          list.shift();
+
+        c += cpy;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function endReadable(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+
+  // If we get here before consuming all the bytes, then that is a
+  // bug in node.  Should never happen.
+  if (state.length > 0)
+    throw new Error('endReadable called on non-empty stream');
+
+  if (!state.endEmitted) {
+    state.ended = true;
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      // Check that we didn't get one last unshift.
+      if (!state.endEmitted && state.length === 0) {
+        state.endEmitted = true;
+        stream.readable = false;
+        stream.emit('end');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function forEach (xs, f) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    f(xs[i], i);
+  }
+}
+
+function indexOf (xs, x) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    if (xs[i] === x) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..905c5e450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+// a transform stream is a readable/writable stream where you do
+// something with the data.  Sometimes it's called a "filter",
+// but that's not a great name for it, since that implies a thing where
+// some bits pass through, and others are simply ignored.  (That would
+// be a valid example of a transform, of course.)
+//
+// While the output is causally related to the input, it's not a
+// necessarily symmetric or synchronous transformation.  For example,
+// a zlib stream might take multiple plain-text writes(), and then
+// emit a single compressed chunk some time in the future.
+//
+// Here's how this works:
+//
+// The Transform stream has all the aspects of the readable and writable
+// stream classes.  When you write(chunk), that calls _write(chunk,cb)
+// internally, and returns false if there's a lot of pending writes
+// buffered up.  When you call read(), that calls _read(n) until
+// there's enough pending readable data buffered up.
+//
+// In a transform stream, the written data is placed in a buffer.  When
+// _read(n) is called, it transforms the queued up data, calling the
+// buffered _write cb's as it consumes chunks.  If consuming a single
+// written chunk would result in multiple output chunks, then the first
+// outputted bit calls the readcb, and subsequent chunks just go into
+// the read buffer, and will cause it to emit 'readable' if necessary.
+//
+// This way, back-pressure is actually determined by the reading side,
+// since _read has to be called to start processing a new chunk.  However,
+// a pathological inflate type of transform can cause excessive buffering
+// here.  For example, imagine a stream where every byte of input is
+// interpreted as an integer from 0-255, and then results in that many
+// bytes of output.  Writing the 4 bytes {ff,ff,ff,ff} would result in
+// 1kb of data being output.  In this case, you could write a very small
+// amount of input, and end up with a very large amount of output.  In
+// such a pathological inflating mechanism, there'd be no way to tell
+// the system to stop doing the transform.  A single 4MB write could
+// cause the system to run out of memory.
+//
+// However, even in such a pathological case, only a single written chunk
+// would be consumed, and then the rest would wait (un-transformed) until
+// the results of the previous transformed chunk were consumed.
+
+module.exports = Transform;
+
+var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);
+
+
+function TransformState(options, stream) {
+  this.afterTransform = function(er, data) {
+    return afterTransform(stream, er, data);
+  };
+
+  this.needTransform = false;
+  this.transforming = false;
+  this.writecb = null;
+  this.writechunk = null;
+}
+
+function afterTransform(stream, er, data) {
+  var ts = stream._transformState;
+  ts.transforming = false;
+
+  var cb = ts.writecb;
+
+  if (!cb)
+    return stream.emit('error', new Error('no writecb in Transform class'));
+
+  ts.writechunk = null;
+  ts.writecb = null;
+
+  if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(data))
+    stream.push(data);
+
+  if (cb)
+    cb(er);
+
+  var rs = stream._readableState;
+  rs.reading = false;
+  if (rs.needReadable || rs.length < rs.highWaterMark) {
+    stream._read(rs.highWaterMark);
+  }
+}
+
+
+function Transform(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Transform))
+    return new Transform(options);
+
+  Duplex.call(this, options);
+
+  this._transformState = new TransformState(options, this);
+
+  // when the writable side finishes, then flush out anything remaining.
+  var stream = this;
+
+  // start out asking for a readable event once data is transformed.
+  this._readableState.needReadable = true;
+
+  // we have implemented the _read method, and done the other things
+  // that Readable wants before the first _read call, so unset the
+  // sync guard flag.
+  this._readableState.sync = false;
+
+  this.once('prefinish', function() {
+    if (util.isFunction(this._flush))
+      this._flush(function(er) {
+        done(stream, er);
+      });
+    else
+      done(stream);
+  });
+}
+
+Transform.prototype.push = function(chunk, encoding) {
+  this._transformState.needTransform = false;
+  return Duplex.prototype.push.call(this, chunk, encoding);
+};
+
+// This is the part where you do stuff!
+// override this function in implementation classes.
+// 'chunk' is an input chunk.
+//
+// Call `push(newChunk)` to pass along transformed output
+// to the readable side.  You may call 'push' zero or more times.
+//
+// Call `cb(err)` when you are done with this chunk.  If you pass
+// an error, then that'll put the hurt on the whole operation.  If you
+// never call cb(), then you'll never get another chunk.
+Transform.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  throw new Error('not implemented');
+};
+
+Transform.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+  ts.writecb = cb;
+  ts.writechunk = chunk;
+  ts.writeencoding = encoding;
+  if (!ts.transforming) {
+    var rs = this._readableState;
+    if (ts.needTransform ||
+        rs.needReadable ||
+        rs.length < rs.highWaterMark)
+      this._read(rs.highWaterMark);
+  }
+};
+
+// Doesn't matter what the args are here.
+// _transform does all the work.
+// That we got here means that the readable side wants more data.
+Transform.prototype._read = function(n) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+
+  if (!util.isNull(ts.writechunk) && ts.writecb && !ts.transforming) {
+    ts.transforming = true;
+    this._transform(ts.writechunk, ts.writeencoding, ts.afterTransform);
+  } else {
+    // mark that we need a transform, so that any data that comes in
+    // will get processed, now that we've asked for it.
+    ts.needTransform = true;
+  }
+};
+
+
+function done(stream, er) {
+  if (er)
+    return stream.emit('error', er);
+
+  // if there's nothing in the write buffer, then that means
+  // that nothing more will ever be provided
+  var ws = stream._writableState;
+  var ts = stream._transformState;
+
+  if (ws.length)
+    throw new Error('calling transform done when ws.length != 0');
+
+  if (ts.transforming)
+    throw new Error('calling transform done when still transforming');
+
+  return stream.push(null);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db8539cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// A bit simpler than readable streams.
+// Implement an async ._write(chunk, cb), and it'll handle all
+// the drain event emission and buffering.
+
+module.exports = Writable;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+Writable.WritableState = WritableState;
+
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = require('core-util-is');
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Stream = require('stream');
+
+util.inherits(Writable, Stream);
+
+function WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  this.chunk = chunk;
+  this.encoding = encoding;
+  this.callback = cb;
+}
+
+function WritableState(options, stream) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // the point at which write() starts returning false
+  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means that we always return false if
+  // the entire buffer is not flushed immediately on write()
+  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
+  var defaultHwm = options.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
+  this.highWaterMark = (hwm || hwm === 0) ? hwm : defaultHwm;
+
+  // object stream flag to indicate whether or not this stream
+  // contains buffers or objects.
+  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;
+
+  if (stream instanceof Duplex)
+    this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.writableObjectMode;
+
+  // cast to ints.
+  this.highWaterMark = ~~this.highWaterMark;
+
+  this.needDrain = false;
+  // at the start of calling end()
+  this.ending = false;
+  // when end() has been called, and returned
+  this.ended = false;
+  // when 'finish' is emitted
+  this.finished = false;
+
+  // should we decode strings into buffers before passing to _write?
+  // this is here so that some node-core streams can optimize string
+  // handling at a lower level.
+  var noDecode = options.decodeStrings === false;
+  this.decodeStrings = !noDecode;
+
+  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
+  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
+  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
+  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';
+
+  // not an actual buffer we keep track of, but a measurement
+  // of how much we're waiting to get pushed to some underlying
+  // socket or file.
+  this.length = 0;
+
+  // a flag to see when we're in the middle of a write.
+  this.writing = false;
+
+  // when true all writes will be buffered until .uncork() call
+  this.corked = 0;
+
+  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
+  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
+  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
+  // not happen before the first write call.
+  this.sync = true;
+
+  // a flag to know if we're processing previously buffered items, which
+  // may call the _write() callback in the same tick, so that we don't
+  // end up in an overlapped onwrite situation.
+  this.bufferProcessing = false;
+
+  // the callback that's passed to _write(chunk,cb)
+  this.onwrite = function(er) {
+    onwrite(stream, er);
+  };
+
+  // the callback that the user supplies to write(chunk,encoding,cb)
+  this.writecb = null;
+
+  // the amount that is being written when _write is called.
+  this.writelen = 0;
+
+  this.buffer = [];
+
+  // number of pending user-supplied write callbacks
+  // this must be 0 before 'finish' can be emitted
+  this.pendingcb = 0;
+
+  // emit prefinish if the only thing we're waiting for is _write cbs
+  // This is relevant for synchronous Transform streams
+  this.prefinished = false;
+
+  // True if the error was already emitted and should not be thrown again
+  this.errorEmitted = false;
+}
+
+function Writable(options) {
+  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  // Writable ctor is applied to Duplexes, though they're not
+  // instanceof Writable, they're instanceof Readable.
+  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof Duplex))
+    return new Writable(options);
+
+  this._writableState = new WritableState(options, this);
+
+  // legacy.
+  this.writable = true;
+
+  Stream.call(this);
+}
+
+// Otherwise people can pipe Writable streams, which is just wrong.
+Writable.prototype.pipe = function() {
+  this.emit('error', new Error('Cannot pipe. Not readable.'));
+};
+
+
+function writeAfterEnd(stream, state, cb) {
+  var er = new Error('write after end');
+  // TODO: defer error events consistently everywhere, not just the cb
+  stream.emit('error', er);
+  process.nextTick(function() {
+    cb(er);
+  });
+}
+
+// If we get something that is not a buffer, string, null, or undefined,
+// and we're not in objectMode, then that's an error.
+// Otherwise stream chunks are all considered to be of length=1, and the
+// watermarks determine how many objects to keep in the buffer, rather than
+// how many bytes or characters.
+function validChunk(stream, state, chunk, cb) {
+  var valid = true;
+  if (!util.isBuffer(chunk) &&
+      !util.isString(chunk) &&
+      !util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk) &&
+      !state.objectMode) {
+    var er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      cb(er);
+    });
+    valid = false;
+  }
+  return valid;
+}
+
+Writable.prototype.write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+  var ret = false;
+
+  if (util.isFunction(encoding)) {
+    cb = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  if (util.isBuffer(chunk))
+    encoding = 'buffer';
+  else if (!encoding)
+    encoding = state.defaultEncoding;
+
+  if (!util.isFunction(cb))
+    cb = function() {};
+
+  if (state.ended)
+    writeAfterEnd(this, state, cb);
+  else if (validChunk(this, state, chunk, cb)) {
+    state.pendingcb++;
+    ret = writeOrBuffer(this, state, chunk, encoding, cb);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.cork = function() {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  state.corked++;
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.uncork = function() {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  if (state.corked) {
+    state.corked--;
+
+    if (!state.writing &&
+        !state.corked &&
+        !state.finished &&
+        !state.bufferProcessing &&
+        state.buffer.length)
+      clearBuffer(this, state);
+  }
+};
+
+function decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding) {
+  if (!state.objectMode &&
+      state.decodeStrings !== false &&
+      util.isString(chunk)) {
+    chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
+  }
+  return chunk;
+}
+
+// if we're already writing something, then just put this
+// in the queue, and wait our turn.  Otherwise, call _write
+// If we return false, then we need a drain event, so set that flag.
+function writeOrBuffer(stream, state, chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  chunk = decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding);
+  if (util.isBuffer(chunk))
+    encoding = 'buffer';
+  var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+
+  state.length += len;
+
+  var ret = state.length < state.highWaterMark;
+  // we must ensure that previous needDrain will not be reset to false.
+  if (!ret)
+    state.needDrain = true;
+
+  if (state.writing || state.corked)
+    state.buffer.push(new WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb));
+  else
+    doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function doWrite(stream, state, writev, len, chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  state.writelen = len;
+  state.writecb = cb;
+  state.writing = true;
+  state.sync = true;
+  if (writev)
+    stream._writev(chunk, state.onwrite);
+  else
+    stream._write(chunk, encoding, state.onwrite);
+  state.sync = false;
+}
+
+function onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb) {
+  if (sync)
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      state.pendingcb--;
+      cb(er);
+    });
+  else {
+    state.pendingcb--;
+    cb(er);
+  }
+
+  stream._writableState.errorEmitted = true;
+  stream.emit('error', er);
+}
+
+function onwriteStateUpdate(state) {
+  state.writing = false;
+  state.writecb = null;
+  state.length -= state.writelen;
+  state.writelen = 0;
+}
+
+function onwrite(stream, er) {
+  var state = stream._writableState;
+  var sync = state.sync;
+  var cb = state.writecb;
+
+  onwriteStateUpdate(state);
+
+  if (er)
+    onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb);
+  else {
+    // Check if we're actually ready to finish, but don't emit yet
+    var finished = needFinish(stream, state);
+
+    if (!finished &&
+        !state.corked &&
+        !state.bufferProcessing &&
+        state.buffer.length) {
+      clearBuffer(stream, state);
+    }
+
+    if (sync) {
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
+      });
+    } else {
+      afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb) {
+  if (!finished)
+    onwriteDrain(stream, state);
+  state.pendingcb--;
+  cb();
+  finishMaybe(stream, state);
+}
+
+// Must force callback to be called on nextTick, so that we don't
+// emit 'drain' before the write() consumer gets the 'false' return
+// value, and has a chance to attach a 'drain' listener.
+function onwriteDrain(stream, state) {
+  if (state.length === 0 && state.needDrain) {
+    state.needDrain = false;
+    stream.emit('drain');
+  }
+}
+
+
+// if there's something in the buffer waiting, then process it
+function clearBuffer(stream, state) {
+  state.bufferProcessing = true;
+
+  if (stream._writev && state.buffer.length > 1) {
+    // Fast case, write everything using _writev()
+    var cbs = [];
+    for (var c = 0; c < state.buffer.length; c++)
+      cbs.push(state.buffer[c].callback);
+
+    // count the one we are adding, as well.
+    // TODO(isaacs) clean this up
+    state.pendingcb++;
+    doWrite(stream, state, true, state.length, state.buffer, '', function(err) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < cbs.length; i++) {
+        state.pendingcb--;
+        cbs[i](err);
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Clear buffer
+    state.buffer = [];
+  } else {
+    // Slow case, write chunks one-by-one
+    for (var c = 0; c < state.buffer.length; c++) {
+      var entry = state.buffer[c];
+      var chunk = entry.chunk;
+      var encoding = entry.encoding;
+      var cb = entry.callback;
+      var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+
+      doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);
+
+      // if we didn't call the onwrite immediately, then
+      // it means that we need to wait until it does.
+      // also, that means that the chunk and cb are currently
+      // being processed, so move the buffer counter past them.
+      if (state.writing) {
+        c++;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (c < state.buffer.length)
+      state.buffer = state.buffer.slice(c);
+    else
+      state.buffer.length = 0;
+  }
+
+  state.bufferProcessing = false;
+}
+
+Writable.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  cb(new Error('not implemented'));
+
+};
+
+Writable.prototype._writev = null;
+
+Writable.prototype.end = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  if (util.isFunction(chunk)) {
+    cb = chunk;
+    chunk = null;
+    encoding = null;
+  } else if (util.isFunction(encoding)) {
+    cb = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk))
+    this.write(chunk, encoding);
+
+  // .end() fully uncorks
+  if (state.corked) {
+    state.corked = 1;
+    this.uncork();
+  }
+
+  // ignore unnecessary end() calls.
+  if (!state.ending && !state.finished)
+    endWritable(this, state, cb);
+};
+
+
+function needFinish(stream, state) {
+  return (state.ending &&
+          state.length === 0 &&
+          !state.finished &&
+          !state.writing);
+}
+
+function prefinish(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.prefinished) {
+    state.prefinished = true;
+    stream.emit('prefinish');
+  }
+}
+
+function finishMaybe(stream, state) {
+  var need = needFinish(stream, state);
+  if (need) {
+    if (state.pendingcb === 0) {
+      prefinish(stream, state);
+      state.finished = true;
+      stream.emit('finish');
+    } else
+      prefinish(stream, state);
+  }
+  return need;
+}
+
+function endWritable(stream, state, cb) {
+  state.ending = true;
+  finishMaybe(stream, state);
+  if (cb) {
+    if (state.finished)
+      process.nextTick(cb);
+    else
+      stream.once('finish', cb);
+  }
+  state.ended = true;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e9a9240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "_from": "readable-stream@1.1.x",
+  "_id": "readable-stream@1.1.14",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-fPTFTvZI44EwhMY23SB54WbAgdk=",
+  "_location": "/dicer/readable-stream",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "readable-stream@1.1.x",
+    "name": "readable-stream",
+    "escapedName": "readable-stream",
+    "rawSpec": "1.1.x",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.1.x"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/dicer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/readable-stream/-/readable-stream-1.1.14.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7cf4c54ef648e3813084c636dd2079e166c081d9",
+  "_spec": "readable-stream@1.1.x",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\dicer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "browser": {
+    "util": false
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/readable-stream/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "core-util-is": "~1.0.0",
+    "inherits": "~2.0.1",
+    "isarray": "0.0.1",
+    "string_decoder": "~0.10.x"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Streams3, a user-land copy of the stream library from Node.js v0.11.x",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "~0.2.6"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/readable-stream#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "readable",
+    "stream",
+    "pipe"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "readable.js",
+  "name": "readable-stream",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/readable-stream.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/simple/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.14"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27e8d8a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_passthrough.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a8b5c6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+exports = module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_readable.js');
+exports.Stream = require('stream');
+exports.Readable = exports;
+exports.Writable = require('./lib/_stream_writable.js');
+exports.Duplex = require('./lib/_stream_duplex.js');
+exports.Transform = require('./lib/_stream_transform.js');
+exports.PassThrough = require('./lib/_stream_passthrough.js');
+if (!process.browser && process.env.READABLE_STREAM === 'disable') {
+  module.exports = require('stream');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d482f078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_transform.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1e9efdf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_writable.js")
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..206320cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+build
+test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6de584a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d2aa0015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+**string_decoder.js** (`require('string_decoder')`) from Node.js core
+
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. See LICENCE file for details.
+
+Version numbers match the versions found in Node core, e.g. 0.10.24 matches Node 0.10.24, likewise 0.11.10 matches Node 0.11.10. **Prefer the stable version over the unstable.**
+
+The *build/* directory contains a build script that will scrape the source from the [joyent/node](https://github.com/joyent/node) repo given a specific Node version.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/index.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b00e54fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+
+var isBufferEncoding = Buffer.isEncoding
+  || function(encoding) {
+       switch (encoding && encoding.toLowerCase()) {
+         case 'hex': case 'utf8': case 'utf-8': case 'ascii': case 'binary': case 'base64': case 'ucs2': case 'ucs-2': case 'utf16le': case 'utf-16le': case 'raw': return true;
+         default: return false;
+       }
+     }
+
+
+function assertEncoding(encoding) {
+  if (encoding && !isBufferEncoding(encoding)) {
+    throw new Error('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
+  }
+}
+
+// StringDecoder provides an interface for efficiently splitting a series of
+// buffers into a series of JS strings without breaking apart multi-byte
+// characters. CESU-8 is handled as part of the UTF-8 encoding.
+//
+// @TODO Handling all encodings inside a single object makes it very difficult
+// to reason about this code, so it should be split up in the future.
+// @TODO There should be a utf8-strict encoding that rejects invalid UTF-8 code
+// points as used by CESU-8.
+var StringDecoder = exports.StringDecoder = function(encoding) {
+  this.encoding = (encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase().replace(/[-_]/, '');
+  assertEncoding(encoding);
+  switch (this.encoding) {
+    case 'utf8':
+      // CESU-8 represents each of Surrogate Pair by 3-bytes
+      this.surrogateSize = 3;
+      break;
+    case 'ucs2':
+    case 'utf16le':
+      // UTF-16 represents each of Surrogate Pair by 2-bytes
+      this.surrogateSize = 2;
+      this.detectIncompleteChar = utf16DetectIncompleteChar;
+      break;
+    case 'base64':
+      // Base-64 stores 3 bytes in 4 chars, and pads the remainder.
+      this.surrogateSize = 3;
+      this.detectIncompleteChar = base64DetectIncompleteChar;
+      break;
+    default:
+      this.write = passThroughWrite;
+      return;
+  }
+
+  // Enough space to store all bytes of a single character. UTF-8 needs 4
+  // bytes, but CESU-8 may require up to 6 (3 bytes per surrogate).
+  this.charBuffer = new Buffer(6);
+  // Number of bytes received for the current incomplete multi-byte character.
+  this.charReceived = 0;
+  // Number of bytes expected for the current incomplete multi-byte character.
+  this.charLength = 0;
+};
+
+
+// write decodes the given buffer and returns it as JS string that is
+// guaranteed to not contain any partial multi-byte characters. Any partial
+// character found at the end of the buffer is buffered up, and will be
+// returned when calling write again with the remaining bytes.
+//
+// Note: Converting a Buffer containing an orphan surrogate to a String
+// currently works, but converting a String to a Buffer (via `new Buffer`, or
+// Buffer#write) will replace incomplete surrogates with the unicode
+// replacement character. See https://codereview.chromium.org/121173009/ .
+StringDecoder.prototype.write = function(buffer) {
+  var charStr = '';
+  // if our last write ended with an incomplete multibyte character
+  while (this.charLength) {
+    // determine how many remaining bytes this buffer has to offer for this char
+    var available = (buffer.length >= this.charLength - this.charReceived) ?
+        this.charLength - this.charReceived :
+        buffer.length;
+
+    // add the new bytes to the char buffer
+    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, this.charReceived, 0, available);
+    this.charReceived += available;
+
+    if (this.charReceived < this.charLength) {
+      // still not enough chars in this buffer? wait for more ...
+      return '';
+    }
+
+    // remove bytes belonging to the current character from the buffer
+    buffer = buffer.slice(available, buffer.length);
+
+    // get the character that was split
+    charStr = this.charBuffer.slice(0, this.charLength).toString(this.encoding);
+
+    // CESU-8: lead surrogate (D800-DBFF) is also the incomplete character
+    var charCode = charStr.charCodeAt(charStr.length - 1);
+    if (charCode >= 0xD800 && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
+      this.charLength += this.surrogateSize;
+      charStr = '';
+      continue;
+    }
+    this.charReceived = this.charLength = 0;
+
+    // if there are no more bytes in this buffer, just emit our char
+    if (buffer.length === 0) {
+      return charStr;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  // determine and set charLength / charReceived
+  this.detectIncompleteChar(buffer);
+
+  var end = buffer.length;
+  if (this.charLength) {
+    // buffer the incomplete character bytes we got
+    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, 0, buffer.length - this.charReceived, end);
+    end -= this.charReceived;
+  }
+
+  charStr += buffer.toString(this.encoding, 0, end);
+
+  var end = charStr.length - 1;
+  var charCode = charStr.charCodeAt(end);
+  // CESU-8: lead surrogate (D800-DBFF) is also the incomplete character
+  if (charCode >= 0xD800 && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
+    var size = this.surrogateSize;
+    this.charLength += size;
+    this.charReceived += size;
+    this.charBuffer.copy(this.charBuffer, size, 0, size);
+    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, 0, 0, size);
+    return charStr.substring(0, end);
+  }
+
+  // or just emit the charStr
+  return charStr;
+};
+
+// detectIncompleteChar determines if there is an incomplete UTF-8 character at
+// the end of the given buffer. If so, it sets this.charLength to the byte
+// length that character, and sets this.charReceived to the number of bytes
+// that are available for this character.
+StringDecoder.prototype.detectIncompleteChar = function(buffer) {
+  // determine how many bytes we have to check at the end of this buffer
+  var i = (buffer.length >= 3) ? 3 : buffer.length;
+
+  // Figure out if one of the last i bytes of our buffer announces an
+  // incomplete char.
+  for (; i > 0; i--) {
+    var c = buffer[buffer.length - i];
+
+    // See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Description
+
+    // 110XXXXX
+    if (i == 1 && c >> 5 == 0x06) {
+      this.charLength = 2;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // 1110XXXX
+    if (i <= 2 && c >> 4 == 0x0E) {
+      this.charLength = 3;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // 11110XXX
+    if (i <= 3 && c >> 3 == 0x1E) {
+      this.charLength = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  this.charReceived = i;
+};
+
+StringDecoder.prototype.end = function(buffer) {
+  var res = '';
+  if (buffer && buffer.length)
+    res = this.write(buffer);
+
+  if (this.charReceived) {
+    var cr = this.charReceived;
+    var buf = this.charBuffer;
+    var enc = this.encoding;
+    res += buf.slice(0, cr).toString(enc);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+};
+
+function passThroughWrite(buffer) {
+  return buffer.toString(this.encoding);
+}
+
+function utf16DetectIncompleteChar(buffer) {
+  this.charReceived = buffer.length % 2;
+  this.charLength = this.charReceived ? 2 : 0;
+}
+
+function base64DetectIncompleteChar(buffer) {
+  this.charReceived = buffer.length % 3;
+  this.charLength = this.charReceived ? 3 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54aa6b1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "_from": "string_decoder@~0.10.x",
+  "_id": "string_decoder@0.10.31",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-YuIDvEF2bGwoyfyEMB2rHFMQ+pQ=",
+  "_location": "/dicer/string_decoder",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "string_decoder@~0.10.x",
+    "name": "string_decoder",
+    "escapedName": "string_decoder",
+    "rawSpec": "~0.10.x",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~0.10.x"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/dicer/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-0.10.31.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "62e203bc41766c6c28c9fc84301dab1c5310fa94",
+  "_spec": "string_decoder@~0.10.x",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\dicer\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/rvagg/string_decoder/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The string_decoder module from Node core",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "~0.4.8"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/rvagg/string_decoder",
+  "keywords": [
+    "string",
+    "decoder",
+    "browser",
+    "browserify"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "string_decoder",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/rvagg/string_decoder.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/simple/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.10.31"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/package.json b/backend/node_modules/dicer/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3b6af7c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "dicer@0.2.5",
+  "_id": "dicer@0.2.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-WZbAhrszIYyBLAkL3cCc0S+stw8=",
+  "_location": "/dicer",
+  "_phantomChildren": {
+    "core-util-is": "1.0.2",
+    "inherits": "2.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "dicer@0.2.5",
+    "name": "dicer",
+    "escapedName": "dicer",
+    "rawSpec": "0.2.5",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.2.5"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/busboy"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dicer/-/dicer-0.2.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "5996c086bb33218c812c090bddc09cd12facb70f",
+  "_spec": "dicer@0.2.5",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\busboy",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Brian White",
+    "email": "mscdex@mscdex.net"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mscdex/dicer/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "readable-stream": "1.1.x",
+    "streamsearch": "0.1.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A very fast streaming multipart parser for node.js",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.8.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mscdex/dicer#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "parser",
+    "parse",
+    "parsing",
+    "multipart",
+    "form-data",
+    "streaming"
+  ],
+  "licenses": [
+    {
+      "type": "MIT",
+      "url": "http://github.com/mscdex/dicer/raw/master/LICENSE"
+    }
+  ],
+  "main": "./lib/Dicer",
+  "name": "dicer",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/mscdex/dicer.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test/test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.2.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/original b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/original
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea7793a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/original
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="_method"
+
+put
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[blog]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[public_email]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[interests]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[bio]"
+
+hello
+
+"quote"
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="commit"
+
+Save
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media"; filename=""
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part1 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a232311c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+put
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part1.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part1.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e6bbe5c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part1.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"_method\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part2 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part2.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part2.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b53966ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part2.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[blog]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part3 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part3.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part3.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..579e16ec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part3.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[public_email]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part4 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part4.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part4.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b41be097b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part4.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[interests]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part5 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part5
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bf1824c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part5
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+hello
+
+"quote"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part5.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part5.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92e417f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part5.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[bio]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part6 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part6
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0f54797b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part6
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Save
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part6.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part6.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65a68a989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part6.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"commit\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part7.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part7.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df1f24f8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-noend/part7.header
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"\""],
+ "content-type": ["application/octet-stream"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/original b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/original
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15654f46f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/original
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="_method"
+
+put
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[blog]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[public_email]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[interests]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[bio]"
+
+hello
+
+"quote"
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media"; filename=""
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="commit"
+
+Save
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/preamble b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/preamble
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c38d5fbb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/preamble
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="_method"
+
+put
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[blog]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[public_email]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[interests]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[bio]"
+
+hello
+
+"quote"
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media"; filename=""
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="commit"
+
+Save
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/preamble.error b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/preamble.error
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15f4c89b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many-wrongboundary/preamble.error
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Preamble terminated early due to unexpected end of multipart data
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/original b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/original
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15654f46f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/original
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="_method"
+
+put
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[blog]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[public_email]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[interests]"
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="profile[bio]"
+
+hello
+
+"quote"
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media"; filename=""
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+
+
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="commit"
+
+Save
+------WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part1 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a232311c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+put
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part1.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part1.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e6bbe5c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part1.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"_method\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part2 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part2.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part2.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b53966ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part2.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[blog]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part3 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part3.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part3.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..579e16ec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part3.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[public_email]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part4 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part4.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part4.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b41be097b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part4.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[interests]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part5 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part5
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bf1824c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part5
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+hello
+
+"quote"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part5.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part5.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92e417f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part5.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"profile[bio]\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part6 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part6
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part6.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part6.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df1f24f8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part6.header
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"\""],
+ "content-type": ["application/octet-stream"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part7 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part7
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0f54797b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part7
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Save
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part7.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part7.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65a68a989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/many/part7.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"commit\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/original b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/original
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..046e9da55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/original
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+User-Agent: foo bar baz
+Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=AaB03x
+
+--AaB03x
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo"
+
+bar
+--AaB03x
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed, boundary=BbC04y
+
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file.txt"
+Content-Type: text/plain
+
+contents
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="flowers.jpg"
+Content-Type: image/jpeg
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+
+contents
+--BbC04y--
+--AaB03x--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part1 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba0e162e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bar
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part1.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part1.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd468951b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part1.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"foo\""]}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part2 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c46dd6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part2
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file.txt"
+Content-Type: text/plain
+
+contents
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="flowers.jpg"
+Content-Type: image/jpeg
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+
+contents
+--BbC04y--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part2.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part2.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c0bc806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/part2.header
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"files\""], 
+ "content-type": ["multipart/mixed, boundary=BbC04y"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/preamble.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/preamble.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0155f627e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested-full/preamble.header
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"user-agent": ["foo bar baz"],
+ "content-type": ["multipart/form-data; boundary=AaB03x"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/original b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/original
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bac6e117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/original
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+--AaB03x
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo"
+
+bar
+--AaB03x
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed, boundary=BbC04y
+
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file.txt"
+Content-Type: text/plain
+
+contents
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="flowers.jpg"
+Content-Type: image/jpeg
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+
+contents
+--BbC04y--
+--AaB03x--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part1 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba0e162e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bar
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part1.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part1.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd468951b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part1.header
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"foo\""]}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part2 b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c46dd6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part2
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file.txt"
+Content-Type: text/plain
+
+contents
+--BbC04y
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="flowers.jpg"
+Content-Type: image/jpeg
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+
+contents
+--BbC04y--
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part2.header b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part2.header
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c0bc806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/fixtures/nested/part2.header
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"content-disposition": ["form-data; name=\"files\""], 
+ "content-type": ["multipart/mixed, boundary=BbC04y"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-endfinish.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-endfinish.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ad392556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-endfinish.js
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+var Dicer = require('..');
+var assert = require('assert');
+
+var CRLF     = '\r\n';
+var boundary = 'boundary';
+
+var writeSep = '--' + boundary;
+
+var writePart = [
+  writeSep,
+  'Content-Type:   text/plain',
+  'Content-Length: 0'
+  ].join(CRLF)
+  + CRLF + CRLF
+  + 'some data' + CRLF;
+
+var writeEnd = '--' + CRLF;
+
+var firedEnd    = false;
+var firedFinish = false;
+
+var dicer = new Dicer({boundary: boundary});
+dicer.on('part', partListener);
+dicer.on('finish', finishListener);
+dicer.write(writePart+writeSep);
+
+function partListener(partReadStream) {
+  partReadStream.on('data', function(){});
+  partReadStream.on('end', partEndListener);
+}
+function partEndListener() {
+  firedEnd = true;
+  setImmediate(afterEnd);
+}
+function afterEnd() {
+  dicer.end(writeEnd);
+  setImmediate(afterWrite);
+}
+function finishListener() {
+  assert(firedEnd, 'Failed to end before finishing');
+  firedFinish = true;
+  test2();
+}
+function afterWrite() {
+  assert(firedFinish, 'Failed to finish');
+}
+
+var isPausePush = true;
+
+var firedPauseCallback = false;
+var firedPauseFinish = false;
+
+var dicer2 = null;
+
+function test2() {
+  dicer2 = new Dicer({boundary: boundary});
+  dicer2.on('part', pausePartListener);
+  dicer2.on('finish', pauseFinish);
+  dicer2.write(writePart+writeSep, 'utf8', pausePartCallback);
+  setImmediate(pauseAfterWrite);
+}
+function pausePartListener(partReadStream) {
+  partReadStream.on('data', function(){});
+  partReadStream.on('end', function(){});
+  var realPush = partReadStream.push;
+  partReadStream.push = function fakePush() {
+    realPush.apply(partReadStream, arguments);
+    if (!isPausePush)
+      return true;
+    isPausePush = false;
+    return false;
+  };
+}
+function pauseAfterWrite() {
+  dicer2.end(writeEnd);
+  setImmediate(pauseAfterEnd);
+}
+function pauseAfterEnd() {
+  assert(firedPauseCallback, 'Failed to call callback after pause');
+  assert(firedPauseFinish, 'Failed to finish after pause');
+}
+function pauseFinish() {
+  firedPauseFinish = true;
+}
+function pausePartCallback() {
+  firedPauseCallback = true;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-headerparser.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-headerparser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfe72cae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-headerparser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+var assert = require('assert'),
+    path = require('path');
+
+var HeaderParser = require('../lib/HeaderParser');
+
+var DCRLF = '\r\n\r\n',
+    MAXED_BUFFER = new Buffer(128 * 1024);
+MAXED_BUFFER.fill(0x41); // 'A'
+
+var group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+[
+  { source: DCRLF,
+    expected: {},
+    what: 'No header'
+  },
+  { source: ['Content-Type:\t  text/plain',
+             'Content-Length:0'
+            ].join('\r\n') + DCRLF,
+    expected: {'content-type': ['  text/plain'], 'content-length': ['0']},
+    what: 'Value spacing'
+  },
+  { source: ['Content-Type:\r\n text/plain',
+             'Foo:\r\n bar\r\n baz',
+            ].join('\r\n') + DCRLF,
+    expected: {'content-type': [' text/plain'], 'foo': [' bar baz']},
+    what: 'Folded values'
+  },
+  { source: ['Content-Type:',
+             'Foo: ',
+            ].join('\r\n') + DCRLF,
+    expected: {'content-type': [''], 'foo': ['']},
+    what: 'Empty values'
+  },
+  { source: MAXED_BUFFER.toString('ascii') + DCRLF,
+    expected: {},
+    what: 'Max header size (single chunk)'
+  },
+  { source: ['ABCDEFGHIJ', MAXED_BUFFER.toString('ascii'), DCRLF],
+    expected: {},
+    what: 'Max header size (multiple chunks #1)'
+  },
+  { source: [MAXED_BUFFER.toString('ascii'), MAXED_BUFFER.toString('ascii'), DCRLF],
+    expected: {},
+    what: 'Max header size (multiple chunk #2)'
+  },
+].forEach(function(v) {
+  var parser = new HeaderParser(),
+      fired = false;
+
+  parser.on('header', function(header) {
+    assert(!fired, makeMsg(v.what, 'Header event fired more than once'));
+    fired = true;
+    assert.deepEqual(header,
+                     v.expected,
+                     makeMsg(v.what, 'Parsed result mismatch'));
+  });
+  if (!Array.isArray(v.source))
+    v.source = [v.source];
+  v.source.forEach(function(s) {
+    parser.push(s);
+  });
+  assert(fired, makeMsg(v.what, 'Did not receive header from parser'));
+});
+
+function makeMsg(what, msg) {
+  return '[' + group + what + ']: ' + msg;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart-extra-trailer.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart-extra-trailer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39d0440db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart-extra-trailer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+var Dicer = require('..');
+var assert = require('assert'),
+    fs = require('fs'),
+    path = require('path'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+var FIXTURES_ROOT = __dirname + '/fixtures/';
+
+var t = 0,
+    group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+var tests = [
+  { source: 'many',
+    opts: { boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR' },
+    chsize: 16,
+    nparts: 7,
+    what: 'Extra trailer data pushed after finished'
+  },
+];
+
+function next() {
+  if (t === tests.length)
+    return;
+  var v = tests[t],
+      fixtureBase = FIXTURES_ROOT + v.source,
+      fd,
+      n = 0,
+      buffer = new Buffer(v.chsize),
+      state = { parts: [] };
+
+  fd = fs.openSync(fixtureBase + '/original', 'r');
+
+  var dicer = new Dicer(v.opts),
+      error,
+      partErrors = 0,
+      finishes = 0;
+
+  dicer.on('part', function(p) {
+    var part = {
+      body: undefined,
+      bodylen: 0,
+      error: undefined,
+      header: undefined
+    };
+
+    p.on('header', function(h) {
+      part.header = h;
+    }).on('data', function(data) {
+      // make a copy because we are using readSync which re-uses a buffer ...
+      var copy = new Buffer(data.length);
+      data.copy(copy);
+      data = copy;
+      if (!part.body)
+        part.body = [ data ];
+      else
+        part.body.push(data);
+      part.bodylen += data.length;
+    }).on('error', function(err) {
+      part.error = err;
+      ++partErrors;
+    }).on('end', function() {
+      if (part.body)
+        part.body = Buffer.concat(part.body, part.bodylen);
+      state.parts.push(part);
+    });
+  }).on('error', function(err) {
+    error = err;
+  }).on('finish', function() {
+    assert(finishes++ === 0, makeMsg(v.what, 'finish emitted multiple times'));
+
+    if (v.dicerError)
+      assert(error !== undefined, makeMsg(v.what, 'Expected error'));
+    else
+      assert(error === undefined, makeMsg(v.what, 'Unexpected error'));
+
+    if (v.events && v.events.indexOf('part') > -1) {
+      assert.equal(state.parts.length,
+                   v.nparts,
+                   makeMsg(v.what,
+                           'Part count mismatch:\nActual: '
+                           + state.parts.length
+                           + '\nExpected: '
+                           + v.nparts));
+
+      if (!v.npartErrors)
+        v.npartErrors = 0;
+      assert.equal(partErrors,
+                   v.npartErrors,
+                   makeMsg(v.what,
+                           'Part errors mismatch:\nActual: '
+                           + partErrors
+                           + '\nExpected: '
+                           + v.npartErrors));
+
+      for (var i = 0, header, body; i < v.nparts; ++i) {
+        if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1))) {
+          body = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1));
+          if (body.length === 0)
+            body = undefined;
+        } else
+          body = undefined;
+        assert.deepEqual(state.parts[i].body,
+                         body,
+                         makeMsg(v.what,
+                                 'Part #' + (i+1) + ' body mismatch'));
+        if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1) + '.header')) {
+          header = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                   + '/part' + (i+1) + '.header', 'binary');
+          header = JSON.parse(header);
+        } else
+          header = undefined;
+        assert.deepEqual(state.parts[i].header,
+                         header,
+                         makeMsg(v.what,
+                                 'Part #' + (i+1)
+                                 + ' parsed header mismatch:\nActual: '
+                                 + inspect(state.parts[i].header)
+                                 + '\nExpected: '
+                                 + inspect(header)));
+      }
+    }
+    ++t;
+    next();
+  });
+
+  while (true) {
+    n = fs.readSync(fd, buffer, 0, buffer.length, null);
+    if (n === 0) {
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        dicer.write('\r\n\r\n\r\n');
+        dicer.end();
+      }, 50);
+      break;
+    }
+    dicer.write(n === buffer.length ? buffer : buffer.slice(0, n));
+  }
+  fs.closeSync(fd);
+}
+next();
+
+function makeMsg(what, msg) {
+  return '[' + group + what + ']: ' + msg;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  assert(t === tests.length,
+         makeMsg('_exit', 'Only ran ' + t + '/' + tests.length + ' tests'));
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart-nolisteners.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart-nolisteners.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07bb606a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart-nolisteners.js
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+var Dicer = require('..');
+var assert = require('assert'),
+    fs = require('fs'),
+    path = require('path'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+var FIXTURES_ROOT = __dirname + '/fixtures/';
+
+var t = 0,
+    group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+var tests = [
+  { source: 'many',
+    opts: { boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR' },
+    chsize: 16,
+    nparts: 0,
+    what: 'No preamble or part listeners'
+  },
+];
+
+function next() {
+  if (t === tests.length)
+    return;
+  var v = tests[t],
+      fixtureBase = FIXTURES_ROOT + v.source,
+      fd,
+      n = 0,
+      buffer = new Buffer(v.chsize),
+      state = { done: false, parts: [], preamble: undefined };
+
+  fd = fs.openSync(fixtureBase + '/original', 'r');
+
+  var dicer = new Dicer(v.opts),
+      error,
+      partErrors = 0,
+      finishes = 0;
+
+  if (v.events && v.events.indexOf('preamble') > -1) {
+    dicer.on('preamble', function(p) {
+      var preamble = {
+        body: undefined,
+        bodylen: 0,
+        error: undefined,
+        header: undefined
+      };
+
+      p.on('header', function(h) {
+        preamble.header = h;
+      }).on('data', function(data) {
+        // make a copy because we are using readSync which re-uses a buffer ...
+        var copy = new Buffer(data.length);
+        data.copy(copy);
+        data = copy;
+        if (!preamble.body)
+          preamble.body = [ data ];
+        else
+          preamble.body.push(data);
+        preamble.bodylen += data.length;
+      }).on('error', function(err) {
+        preamble.error = err;
+      }).on('end', function() {
+        if (preamble.body)
+          preamble.body = Buffer.concat(preamble.body, preamble.bodylen);
+        if (preamble.body || preamble.header)
+          state.preamble = preamble;
+      });
+    });
+  }
+  if (v.events && v.events.indexOf('part') > -1) {
+    dicer.on('part', function(p) {
+      var part = {
+        body: undefined,
+        bodylen: 0,
+        error: undefined,
+        header: undefined
+      };
+
+      p.on('header', function(h) {
+        part.header = h;
+      }).on('data', function(data) {
+        // make a copy because we are using readSync which re-uses a buffer ...
+        var copy = new Buffer(data.length);
+        data.copy(copy);
+        data = copy;
+        if (!part.body)
+          part.body = [ data ];
+        else
+          part.body.push(data);
+        part.bodylen += data.length;
+      }).on('error', function(err) {
+        part.error = err;
+        ++partErrors;
+      }).on('end', function() {
+        if (part.body)
+          part.body = Buffer.concat(part.body, part.bodylen);
+        state.parts.push(part);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+  dicer.on('error', function(err) {
+    error = err;
+  }).on('finish', function() {
+    assert(finishes++ === 0, makeMsg(v.what, 'finish emitted multiple times'));
+
+    if (v.dicerError)
+      assert(error !== undefined, makeMsg(v.what, 'Expected error'));
+    else
+      assert(error === undefined, makeMsg(v.what, 'Unexpected error'));
+
+    if (v.events && v.events.indexOf('preamble') > -1) {
+      var preamble;
+      if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble')) {
+        var prebody = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble');
+        if (prebody.length) {
+          preamble = {
+            body: prebody,
+            bodylen: prebody.length,
+            error: undefined,
+            header: undefined
+          };
+        }
+      }
+      if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble.header')) {
+        var prehead = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                                 + '/preamble.header', 'binary'));
+        if (!preamble) {
+          preamble = {
+            body: undefined,
+            bodylen: 0,
+            error: undefined,
+            header: prehead
+          };
+        } else
+          preamble.header = prehead;
+      }
+      if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble.error')) {
+        var err = new Error(fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                            + '/preamble.error', 'binary'));
+        if (!preamble) {
+          preamble = {
+            body: undefined,
+            bodylen: 0,
+            error: err,
+            header: undefined
+          };
+        } else
+          preamble.error = err;
+      }
+
+      assert.deepEqual(state.preamble,
+                       preamble,
+                       makeMsg(v.what,
+                               'Preamble mismatch:\nActual:'
+                               + inspect(state.preamble)
+                               + '\nExpected: '
+                               + inspect(preamble)));
+    }
+
+    if (v.events && v.events.indexOf('part') > -1) {
+      assert.equal(state.parts.length,
+                   v.nparts,
+                   makeMsg(v.what,
+                           'Part count mismatch:\nActual: '
+                           + state.parts.length
+                           + '\nExpected: '
+                           + v.nparts));
+
+      if (!v.npartErrors)
+        v.npartErrors = 0;
+      assert.equal(partErrors,
+                   v.npartErrors,
+                   makeMsg(v.what,
+                           'Part errors mismatch:\nActual: '
+                           + partErrors
+                           + '\nExpected: '
+                           + v.npartErrors));
+
+      for (var i = 0, header, body; i < v.nparts; ++i) {
+        if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1))) {
+          body = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1));
+          if (body.length === 0)
+            body = undefined;
+        } else
+          body = undefined;
+        assert.deepEqual(state.parts[i].body,
+                         body,
+                         makeMsg(v.what,
+                                 'Part #' + (i+1) + ' body mismatch'));
+        if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1) + '.header')) {
+          header = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                   + '/part' + (i+1) + '.header', 'binary');
+          header = JSON.parse(header);
+        } else
+          header = undefined;
+        assert.deepEqual(state.parts[i].header,
+                         header,
+                         makeMsg(v.what,
+                                 'Part #' + (i+1)
+                                 + ' parsed header mismatch:\nActual: '
+                                 + inspect(state.parts[i].header)
+                                 + '\nExpected: '
+                                 + inspect(header)));
+      }
+    }
+    ++t;
+    next();
+  });
+
+  while (true) {
+    n = fs.readSync(fd, buffer, 0, buffer.length, null);
+    if (n === 0) {
+      dicer.end();
+      break;
+    }
+    dicer.write(n === buffer.length ? buffer : buffer.slice(0, n));
+  }
+  fs.closeSync(fd);
+}
+next();
+
+function makeMsg(what, msg) {
+  return '[' + group + what + ']: ' + msg;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  assert(t === tests.length,
+         makeMsg('_exit', 'Only ran ' + t + '/' + tests.length + ' tests'));
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66e8c7748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test-multipart.js
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+var Dicer = require('..');
+var assert = require('assert'),
+    fs = require('fs'),
+    path = require('path'),
+    inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+var FIXTURES_ROOT = __dirname + '/fixtures/';
+
+var t = 0,
+    group = path.basename(__filename, '.js') + '/';
+
+var tests = [
+  { source: 'nested',
+    opts: { boundary: 'AaB03x' },
+    chsize: 32,
+    nparts: 2,
+    what: 'One nested multipart'
+  },
+  { source: 'many',
+    opts: { boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR' },
+    chsize: 16,
+    nparts: 7,
+    what: 'Many parts'
+  },
+  { source: 'many-wrongboundary',
+    opts: { boundary: 'LOLOLOL' },
+    chsize: 8,
+    nparts: 0,
+    dicerError: true,
+    what: 'Many parts, wrong boundary'
+  },
+  { source: 'many-noend',
+    opts: { boundary: '----WebKitFormBoundaryWLHCs9qmcJJoyjKR' },
+    chsize: 16,
+    nparts: 7,
+    npartErrors: 1,
+    dicerError: true,
+    what: 'Many parts, end boundary missing, 1 file open'
+  },
+  { source: 'nested-full',
+    opts: { boundary: 'AaB03x', headerFirst: true },
+    chsize: 32,
+    nparts: 2,
+    what: 'One nested multipart with preceding header'
+  },
+  { source: 'nested-full',
+    opts: { headerFirst: true },
+    chsize: 32,
+    nparts: 2,
+    setBoundary: 'AaB03x',
+    what: 'One nested multipart with preceding header, using setBoundary'
+  },
+];
+
+function next() {
+  if (t === tests.length)
+    return;
+  var v = tests[t],
+      fixtureBase = FIXTURES_ROOT + v.source,
+      n = 0,
+      buffer = new Buffer(v.chsize),
+      state = { parts: [], preamble: undefined };
+
+  var dicer = new Dicer(v.opts),
+      error,
+      partErrors = 0,
+      finishes = 0;
+
+  dicer.on('preamble', function(p) {
+    var preamble = {
+      body: undefined,
+      bodylen: 0,
+      error: undefined,
+      header: undefined
+    };
+
+    p.on('header', function(h) {
+      preamble.header = h;
+      if (v.setBoundary)
+        dicer.setBoundary(v.setBoundary);
+    }).on('data', function(data) {
+      // make a copy because we are using readSync which re-uses a buffer ...
+      var copy = new Buffer(data.length);
+      data.copy(copy);
+      data = copy;
+      if (!preamble.body)
+        preamble.body = [ data ];
+      else
+        preamble.body.push(data);
+      preamble.bodylen += data.length;
+    }).on('error', function(err) {
+      preamble.error = err;
+    }).on('end', function() {
+      if (preamble.body)
+        preamble.body = Buffer.concat(preamble.body, preamble.bodylen);
+      if (preamble.body || preamble.header)
+        state.preamble = preamble;
+    });
+  });
+  dicer.on('part', function(p) {
+    var part = {
+      body: undefined,
+      bodylen: 0,
+      error: undefined,
+      header: undefined
+    };
+
+    p.on('header', function(h) {
+      part.header = h;
+    }).on('data', function(data) {
+      if (!part.body)
+        part.body = [ data ];
+      else
+        part.body.push(data);
+      part.bodylen += data.length;
+    }).on('error', function(err) {
+      part.error = err;
+      ++partErrors;
+    }).on('end', function() {
+      if (part.body)
+        part.body = Buffer.concat(part.body, part.bodylen);
+      state.parts.push(part);
+    });
+  }).on('error', function(err) {
+    error = err;
+  }).on('finish', function() {
+    assert(finishes++ === 0, makeMsg(v.what, 'finish emitted multiple times'));
+
+    if (v.dicerError)
+      assert(error !== undefined, makeMsg(v.what, 'Expected error'));
+    else
+      assert(error === undefined, makeMsg(v.what, 'Unexpected error: ' + error));
+
+    var preamble;
+    if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble')) {
+      var prebody = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble');
+      if (prebody.length) {
+        preamble = {
+          body: prebody,
+          bodylen: prebody.length,
+          error: undefined,
+          header: undefined
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble.header')) {
+      var prehead = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                               + '/preamble.header', 'binary'));
+      if (!preamble) {
+        preamble = {
+          body: undefined,
+          bodylen: 0,
+          error: undefined,
+          header: prehead
+        };
+      } else
+        preamble.header = prehead;
+    }
+    if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/preamble.error')) {
+      var err = new Error(fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                          + '/preamble.error', 'binary'));
+      if (!preamble) {
+        preamble = {
+          body: undefined,
+          bodylen: 0,
+          error: err,
+          header: undefined
+        };
+      } else
+        preamble.error = err;
+    }
+
+    assert.deepEqual(state.preamble,
+                     preamble,
+                     makeMsg(v.what,
+                             'Preamble mismatch:\nActual:'
+                             + inspect(state.preamble)
+                             + '\nExpected: '
+                             + inspect(preamble)));
+
+    assert.equal(state.parts.length,
+                 v.nparts,
+                 makeMsg(v.what,
+                         'Part count mismatch:\nActual: '
+                         + state.parts.length
+                         + '\nExpected: '
+                         + v.nparts));
+
+    if (!v.npartErrors)
+      v.npartErrors = 0;
+    assert.equal(partErrors,
+                 v.npartErrors,
+                 makeMsg(v.what,
+                         'Part errors mismatch:\nActual: '
+                         + partErrors
+                         + '\nExpected: '
+                         + v.npartErrors));
+
+    for (var i = 0, header, body; i < v.nparts; ++i) {
+      if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1))) {
+        body = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1));
+        if (body.length === 0)
+          body = undefined;
+      } else
+        body = undefined;
+      assert.deepEqual(state.parts[i].body,
+                       body,
+                       makeMsg(v.what,
+                               'Part #' + (i+1) + ' body mismatch'));
+      if (fs.existsSync(fixtureBase + '/part' + (i+1) + '.header')) {
+        header = fs.readFileSync(fixtureBase
+                                 + '/part' + (i+1) + '.header', 'binary');
+        header = JSON.parse(header);
+      } else
+        header = undefined;
+      assert.deepEqual(state.parts[i].header,
+                       header,
+                       makeMsg(v.what,
+                               'Part #' + (i+1)
+                               + ' parsed header mismatch:\nActual: '
+                               + inspect(state.parts[i].header)
+                               + '\nExpected: '
+                               + inspect(header)));
+    }
+    ++t;
+    next();
+  });
+
+  fs.createReadStream(fixtureBase + '/original').pipe(dicer);
+}
+next();
+
+function makeMsg(what, msg) {
+  return '[' + group + what + ']: ' + msg;
+}
+
+process.on('exit', function() {
+  assert(t === tests.length,
+         makeMsg('_exit', 'Only ran ' + t + '/' + tests.length + ' tests'));
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test.js b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3383f27d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/dicer/test/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+require('fs').readdirSync(__dirname).forEach(function(f) {
+  if (f.substr(0, 5) === 'test-')
+    require('./' + f);
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/CODEOWNERS b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/CODEOWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4451d3d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/CODEOWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* @omsmith
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8754ed630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
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+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
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+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
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+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright 2015 D2L Corporation
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/README.md b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..daa95d6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# ecdsa-sig-formatter
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter/badge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter)
+
+Translate between JOSE and ASN.1/DER encodings for ECDSA signatures
+
+## Install
+```sh
+npm install ecdsa-sig-formatter --save
+```
+
+## Usage
+```js
+var format = require('ecdsa-sig-formatter');
+
+var derSignature = '..'; // asn.1/DER encoded ecdsa signature
+
+var joseSignature = format.derToJose(derSignature);
+
+```
+
+### API
+
+---
+
+#### `.derToJose(Buffer|String signature, String alg)` -> `String`
+
+Convert the ASN.1/DER encoded signature to a JOSE-style concatenated signature.
+Returns a _base64 url_ encoded `String`.
+
+* If _signature_ is a `String`, it should be _base64_ encoded
+* _alg_ must be one of _ES256_, _ES384_ or _ES512_
+
+---
+
+#### `.joseToDer(Buffer|String signature, String alg)` -> `Buffer`
+
+Convert the JOSE-style concatenated signature to an ASN.1/DER encoded
+signature. Returns a `Buffer`
+
+* If _signature_ is a `String`, it should be _base64 url_ encoded
+* _alg_ must be one of _ES256_, _ES384_ or _ES512_
+
+## Contributing
+
+1. **Fork** the repository. Committing directly against this repository is
+   highly discouraged.
+
+2. Make your modifications in a branch, updating and writing new unit tests
+   as necessary in the `spec` directory.
+
+3. Ensure that all tests pass with `npm test`
+
+4. `rebase` your changes against master. *Do not merge*.
+
+5. Submit a pull request to this repository. Wait for tests to run and someone
+   to chime in.
+
+### Code Style
+
+This repository is configured with [EditorConfig][EditorConfig] and
+[ESLint][ESLint] rules.
+
+[EditorConfig]: http://editorconfig.org/
+[ESLint]: http://eslint.org
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/package.json b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a928f15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ecdsa-sig-formatter@1.0.11",
+  "_id": "ecdsa-sig-formatter@1.0.11",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-nagl3RYrbNv6kQkeJIpt6NJZy8twLB/2vtz6yN9Z4vRKHN4/QZJIEbqohALSgwKdnksuY3k5Addp5lg8sVoVcQ==",
+  "_location": "/ecdsa-sig-formatter",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ecdsa-sig-formatter@1.0.11",
+    "name": "ecdsa-sig-formatter",
+    "escapedName": "ecdsa-sig-formatter",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.11",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.11"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jwa"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ecdsa-sig-formatter/-/ecdsa-sig-formatter-1.0.11.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "ae0f0fa2d85045ef14a817daa3ce9acd0489e5bf",
+  "_spec": "ecdsa-sig-formatter@1.0.11",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jwa",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "D2L Corporation"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Translate ECDSA signatures between ASN.1/DER and JOSE-style concatenation",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "bench": "^0.3.6",
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "coveralls": "^2.11.9",
+    "eslint": "^2.12.0",
+    "eslint-config-brightspace": "^0.2.1",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.3",
+    "jwk-to-pem": "^1.2.5",
+    "mocha": "^2.5.3",
+    "native-crypto": "^1.7.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "ecdsa",
+    "der",
+    "asn.1",
+    "jwt",
+    "jwa",
+    "jsonwebtoken",
+    "jose"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.js",
+  "name": "ecdsa-sig-formatter",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/Brightspace/node-ecdsa-sig-formatter.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "check-style": "eslint .",
+    "pretest": "npm run check-style",
+    "report-cov": "cat ./coverage/lcov.info | coveralls",
+    "test": "istanbul cover --root src _mocha -- spec"
+  },
+  "typings": "./src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.d.ts",
+  "version": "1.0.11"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9693aa030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/// <reference types="node" />
+
+declare module "ecdsa-sig-formatter" {
+	/**
+	 * Convert the ASN.1/DER encoded signature to a JOSE-style concatenated signature. Returns a base64 url encoded String.
+	 *    If signature is a String, it should be base64 encoded
+	 *    alg must be one of ES256, ES384 or ES512
+	 */
+	export function derToJose(signature: Buffer | string, alg: string): string;
+
+	/**
+	 * Convert the JOSE-style concatenated signature to an ASN.1/DER encoded signature. Returns a Buffer
+	 *     If signature is a String, it should be base64 url encoded
+	 *     alg must be one of ES256, ES384 or ES512
+	 */
+	export function joseToDer(signature: Buffer | string, alg: string): Buffer
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.js b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38eeb9b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/ecdsa-sig-formatter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+
+var getParamBytesForAlg = require('./param-bytes-for-alg');
+
+var MAX_OCTET = 0x80,
+	CLASS_UNIVERSAL = 0,
+	PRIMITIVE_BIT = 0x20,
+	TAG_SEQ = 0x10,
+	TAG_INT = 0x02,
+	ENCODED_TAG_SEQ = (TAG_SEQ | PRIMITIVE_BIT) | (CLASS_UNIVERSAL << 6),
+	ENCODED_TAG_INT = TAG_INT | (CLASS_UNIVERSAL << 6);
+
+function base64Url(base64) {
+	return base64
+		.replace(/=/g, '')
+		.replace(/\+/g, '-')
+		.replace(/\//g, '_');
+}
+
+function signatureAsBuffer(signature) {
+	if (Buffer.isBuffer(signature)) {
+		return signature;
+	} else if ('string' === typeof signature) {
+		return Buffer.from(signature, 'base64');
+	}
+
+	throw new TypeError('ECDSA signature must be a Base64 string or a Buffer');
+}
+
+function derToJose(signature, alg) {
+	signature = signatureAsBuffer(signature);
+	var paramBytes = getParamBytesForAlg(alg);
+
+	// the DER encoded param should at most be the param size, plus a padding
+	// zero, since due to being a signed integer
+	var maxEncodedParamLength = paramBytes + 1;
+
+	var inputLength = signature.length;
+
+	var offset = 0;
+	if (signature[offset++] !== ENCODED_TAG_SEQ) {
+		throw new Error('Could not find expected "seq"');
+	}
+
+	var seqLength = signature[offset++];
+	if (seqLength === (MAX_OCTET | 1)) {
+		seqLength = signature[offset++];
+	}
+
+	if (inputLength - offset < seqLength) {
+		throw new Error('"seq" specified length of "' + seqLength + '", only "' + (inputLength - offset) + '" remaining');
+	}
+
+	if (signature[offset++] !== ENCODED_TAG_INT) {
+		throw new Error('Could not find expected "int" for "r"');
+	}
+
+	var rLength = signature[offset++];
+
+	if (inputLength - offset - 2 < rLength) {
+		throw new Error('"r" specified length of "' + rLength + '", only "' + (inputLength - offset - 2) + '" available');
+	}
+
+	if (maxEncodedParamLength < rLength) {
+		throw new Error('"r" specified length of "' + rLength + '", max of "' + maxEncodedParamLength + '" is acceptable');
+	}
+
+	var rOffset = offset;
+	offset += rLength;
+
+	if (signature[offset++] !== ENCODED_TAG_INT) {
+		throw new Error('Could not find expected "int" for "s"');
+	}
+
+	var sLength = signature[offset++];
+
+	if (inputLength - offset !== sLength) {
+		throw new Error('"s" specified length of "' + sLength + '", expected "' + (inputLength - offset) + '"');
+	}
+
+	if (maxEncodedParamLength < sLength) {
+		throw new Error('"s" specified length of "' + sLength + '", max of "' + maxEncodedParamLength + '" is acceptable');
+	}
+
+	var sOffset = offset;
+	offset += sLength;
+
+	if (offset !== inputLength) {
+		throw new Error('Expected to consume entire buffer, but "' + (inputLength - offset) + '" bytes remain');
+	}
+
+	var rPadding = paramBytes - rLength,
+		sPadding = paramBytes - sLength;
+
+	var dst = Buffer.allocUnsafe(rPadding + rLength + sPadding + sLength);
+
+	for (offset = 0; offset < rPadding; ++offset) {
+		dst[offset] = 0;
+	}
+	signature.copy(dst, offset, rOffset + Math.max(-rPadding, 0), rOffset + rLength);
+
+	offset = paramBytes;
+
+	for (var o = offset; offset < o + sPadding; ++offset) {
+		dst[offset] = 0;
+	}
+	signature.copy(dst, offset, sOffset + Math.max(-sPadding, 0), sOffset + sLength);
+
+	dst = dst.toString('base64');
+	dst = base64Url(dst);
+
+	return dst;
+}
+
+function countPadding(buf, start, stop) {
+	var padding = 0;
+	while (start + padding < stop && buf[start + padding] === 0) {
+		++padding;
+	}
+
+	var needsSign = buf[start + padding] >= MAX_OCTET;
+	if (needsSign) {
+		--padding;
+	}
+
+	return padding;
+}
+
+function joseToDer(signature, alg) {
+	signature = signatureAsBuffer(signature);
+	var paramBytes = getParamBytesForAlg(alg);
+
+	var signatureBytes = signature.length;
+	if (signatureBytes !== paramBytes * 2) {
+		throw new TypeError('"' + alg + '" signatures must be "' + paramBytes * 2 + '" bytes, saw "' + signatureBytes + '"');
+	}
+
+	var rPadding = countPadding(signature, 0, paramBytes);
+	var sPadding = countPadding(signature, paramBytes, signature.length);
+	var rLength = paramBytes - rPadding;
+	var sLength = paramBytes - sPadding;
+
+	var rsBytes = 1 + 1 + rLength + 1 + 1 + sLength;
+
+	var shortLength = rsBytes < MAX_OCTET;
+
+	var dst = Buffer.allocUnsafe((shortLength ? 2 : 3) + rsBytes);
+
+	var offset = 0;
+	dst[offset++] = ENCODED_TAG_SEQ;
+	if (shortLength) {
+		// Bit 8 has value "0"
+		// bits 7-1 give the length.
+		dst[offset++] = rsBytes;
+	} else {
+		// Bit 8 of first octet has value "1"
+		// bits 7-1 give the number of additional length octets.
+		dst[offset++] = MAX_OCTET	| 1;
+		// length, base 256
+		dst[offset++] = rsBytes & 0xff;
+	}
+	dst[offset++] = ENCODED_TAG_INT;
+	dst[offset++] = rLength;
+	if (rPadding < 0) {
+		dst[offset++] = 0;
+		offset += signature.copy(dst, offset, 0, paramBytes);
+	} else {
+		offset += signature.copy(dst, offset, rPadding, paramBytes);
+	}
+	dst[offset++] = ENCODED_TAG_INT;
+	dst[offset++] = sLength;
+	if (sPadding < 0) {
+		dst[offset++] = 0;
+		signature.copy(dst, offset, paramBytes);
+	} else {
+		signature.copy(dst, offset, paramBytes + sPadding);
+	}
+
+	return dst;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+	derToJose: derToJose,
+	joseToDer: joseToDer
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/param-bytes-for-alg.js b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/param-bytes-for-alg.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fe67accd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ecdsa-sig-formatter/src/param-bytes-for-alg.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict';
+
+function getParamSize(keySize) {
+	var result = ((keySize / 8) | 0) + (keySize % 8 === 0 ? 0 : 1);
+	return result;
+}
+
+var paramBytesForAlg = {
+	ES256: getParamSize(256),
+	ES384: getParamSize(384),
+	ES512: getParamSize(521)
+};
+
+function getParamBytesForAlg(alg) {
+	var paramBytes = paramBytesForAlg[alg];
+	if (paramBytes) {
+		return paramBytes;
+	}
+
+	throw new Error('Unknown algorithm "' + alg + '"');
+}
+
+module.exports = getParamBytesForAlg;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ee-first/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7ae8ee9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong me@jongleberry.com
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ee-first/README.md b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbd2478be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# EE First
+
+[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+[![License][license-image]][license-url]
+[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Gittip][gittip-image]][gittip-url]
+
+Get the first event in a set of event emitters and event pairs,
+then clean up after itself.
+
+## Install
+
+```sh
+$ npm install ee-first
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var first = require('ee-first')
+```
+
+### first(arr, listener)
+
+Invoke `listener` on the first event from the list specified in `arr`. `arr` is
+an array of arrays, with each array in the format `[ee, ...event]`. `listener`
+will be called only once, the first time any of the given events are emitted. If
+`error` is one of the listened events, then if that fires first, the `listener`
+will be given the `err` argument.
+
+The `listener` is invoked as `listener(err, ee, event, args)`, where `err` is the
+first argument emitted from an `error` event, if applicable; `ee` is the event
+emitter that fired; `event` is the string event name that fired; and `args` is an
+array of the arguments that were emitted on the event.
+
+```js
+var ee1 = new EventEmitter()
+var ee2 = new EventEmitter()
+
+first([
+  [ee1, 'close', 'end', 'error'],
+  [ee2, 'error']
+], function (err, ee, event, args) {
+  // listener invoked
+})
+```
+
+#### .cancel()
+
+The group of listeners can be cancelled before being invoked and have all the event
+listeners removed from the underlying event emitters.
+
+```js
+var thunk = first([
+  [ee1, 'close', 'end', 'error'],
+  [ee2, 'error']
+], function (err, ee, event, args) {
+  // listener invoked
+})
+
+// cancel and clean up
+thunk.cancel()
+```
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/ee-first.svg?style=flat-square
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/ee-first
+[github-tag]: http://img.shields.io/github/tag/jonathanong/ee-first.svg?style=flat-square
+[github-url]: https://github.com/jonathanong/ee-first/tags
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jonathanong/ee-first.svg?style=flat-square
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jonathanong/ee-first
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jonathanong/ee-first.svg?style=flat-square
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jonathanong/ee-first?branch=master
+[license-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/l/ee-first.svg?style=flat-square
+[license-url]: LICENSE.md
+[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/ee-first.svg?style=flat-square
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/ee-first
+[gittip-image]: https://img.shields.io/gittip/jonathanong.svg?style=flat-square
+[gittip-url]: https://www.gittip.com/jonathanong/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ee-first/index.js b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..501287cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*!
+ * ee-first
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = first
+
+/**
+ * Get the first event in a set of event emitters and event pairs.
+ *
+ * @param {array} stuff
+ * @param {function} done
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function first(stuff, done) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(stuff))
+    throw new TypeError('arg must be an array of [ee, events...] arrays')
+
+  var cleanups = []
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < stuff.length; i++) {
+    var arr = stuff[i]
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(arr) || arr.length < 2)
+      throw new TypeError('each array member must be [ee, events...]')
+
+    var ee = arr[0]
+
+    for (var j = 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
+      var event = arr[j]
+      var fn = listener(event, callback)
+
+      // listen to the event
+      ee.on(event, fn)
+      // push this listener to the list of cleanups
+      cleanups.push({
+        ee: ee,
+        event: event,
+        fn: fn,
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  function callback() {
+    cleanup()
+    done.apply(null, arguments)
+  }
+
+  function cleanup() {
+    var x
+    for (var i = 0; i < cleanups.length; i++) {
+      x = cleanups[i]
+      x.ee.removeListener(x.event, x.fn)
+    }
+  }
+
+  function thunk(fn) {
+    done = fn
+  }
+
+  thunk.cancel = cleanup
+
+  return thunk
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create the event listener.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function listener(event, done) {
+  return function onevent(arg1) {
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length)
+    var ee = this
+    var err = event === 'error'
+      ? arg1
+      : null
+
+    // copy args to prevent arguments escaping scope
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+
+    done(err, ee, event, args)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ee-first/package.json b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d8516057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ee-first/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ee-first@1.1.1",
+  "_id": "ee-first@1.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-WQxhFWsK4vTwJVcyoViyZrxWsh0=",
+  "_location": "/ee-first",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ee-first@1.1.1",
+    "name": "ee-first",
+    "escapedName": "ee-first",
+    "rawSpec": "1.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/on-finished"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ee-first/-/ee-first-1.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "590c61156b0ae2f4f0255732a158b266bc56b21d",
+  "_spec": "ee-first@1.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\on-finished",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+    "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+    "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jonathanong/ee-first/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "return the first event in a set of ee/event pairs",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.3.9",
+    "mocha": "2.2.5"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jonathanong/ee-first#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "ee-first",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jonathanong/ee-first.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41313b2b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+1.0.2 / 2018-01-21
+==================
+
+  * Fix encoding `%` as last character
+
+1.0.1 / 2016-06-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix encoding unpaired surrogates at start/end of string
+
+1.0.0 / 2016-06-08
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8812229bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/README.md b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..127c5a0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# encodeurl
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Encode a URL to a percent-encoded form, excluding already-encoded sequences
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install encodeurl
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl')
+```
+
+### encodeUrl(url)
+
+Encode a URL to a percent-encoded form, excluding already-encoded sequences.
+
+This function will take an already-encoded URL and encode all the non-URL
+code points (as UTF-8 byte sequences). This function will not encode the
+"%" character unless it is not part of a valid sequence (`%20` will be
+left as-is, but `%foo` will be encoded as `%25foo`).
+
+This encode is meant to be "safe" and does not throw errors. It will try as
+hard as it can to properly encode the given URL, including replacing any raw,
+unpaired surrogate pairs with the Unicode replacement character prior to
+encoding.
+
+This function is _similar_ to the intrinsic function `encodeURI`, except it
+will not encode the `%` character if that is part of a valid sequence, will
+not encode `[` and `]` (for IPv6 hostnames) and will replace raw, unpaired
+surrogate pairs with the Unicode replacement character (instead of throwing).
+
+## Examples
+
+### Encode a URL containing user-controled data
+
+```js
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl')
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
+
+http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  // get encoded form of inbound url
+  var url = encodeUrl(req.url)
+
+  // create html message
+  var body = '<p>Location ' + escapeHtml(url) + ' not found</p>'
+
+  // send a 404
+  res.statusCode = 404
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')
+  res.setHeader('Content-Length', String(Buffer.byteLength(body, 'utf-8')))
+  res.end(body, 'utf-8')
+})
+```
+
+### Encode a URL for use in a header field
+
+```js
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl')
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
+var url = require('url')
+
+http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  // parse inbound url
+  var href = url.parse(req)
+
+  // set new host for redirect
+  href.host = 'localhost'
+  href.protocol = 'https:'
+  href.slashes = true
+
+  // create location header
+  var location = encodeUrl(url.format(href))
+
+  // create html message
+  var body = '<p>Redirecting to new site: ' + escapeHtml(location) + '</p>'
+
+  // send a 301
+  res.statusCode = 301
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')
+  res.setHeader('Content-Length', String(Buffer.byteLength(body, 'utf-8')))
+  res.setHeader('Location', location)
+  res.end(body, 'utf-8')
+})
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+$ npm run lint
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax][rfc-3986]
+- [WHATWG URL Living Standard][whatwg-url]
+
+[rfc-3986]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
+[whatwg-url]: https://url.spec.whatwg.org/
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/encodeurl.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/encodeurl
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/encodeurl.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/pillarjs/encodeurl.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/encodeurl
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/pillarjs/encodeurl.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/encodeurl?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/encodeurl.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/encodeurl
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/index.js b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc4906c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*!
+ * encodeurl
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = encodeUrl
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match non-URL code points, *after* encoding (i.e. not including "%")
+ * and including invalid escape sequences.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var ENCODE_CHARS_REGEXP = /(?:[^\x21\x25\x26-\x3B\x3D\x3F-\x5B\x5D\x5F\x61-\x7A\x7E]|%(?:[^0-9A-Fa-f]|[0-9A-Fa-f][^0-9A-Fa-f]|$))+/g
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match unmatched surrogate pair.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var UNMATCHED_SURROGATE_PAIR_REGEXP = /(^|[^\uD800-\uDBFF])[\uDC00-\uDFFF]|[\uD800-\uDBFF]([^\uDC00-\uDFFF]|$)/g
+
+/**
+ * String to replace unmatched surrogate pair with.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var UNMATCHED_SURROGATE_PAIR_REPLACE = '$1\uFFFD$2'
+
+/**
+ * Encode a URL to a percent-encoded form, excluding already-encoded sequences.
+ *
+ * This function will take an already-encoded URL and encode all the non-URL
+ * code points. This function will not encode the "%" character unless it is
+ * not part of a valid sequence (`%20` will be left as-is, but `%foo` will
+ * be encoded as `%25foo`).
+ *
+ * This encode is meant to be "safe" and does not throw errors. It will try as
+ * hard as it can to properly encode the given URL, including replacing any raw,
+ * unpaired surrogate pairs with the Unicode replacement character prior to
+ * encoding.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @return {string}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function encodeUrl (url) {
+  return String(url)
+    .replace(UNMATCHED_SURROGATE_PAIR_REGEXP, UNMATCHED_SURROGATE_PAIR_REPLACE)
+    .replace(ENCODE_CHARS_REGEXP, encodeURI)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/package.json b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5fca3fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/encodeurl/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "_from": "encodeurl@~1.0.2",
+  "_id": "encodeurl@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-rT/0yG7C0CkyL1oCw6mmBslbP1k=",
+  "_location": "/encodeurl",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "encodeurl@~1.0.2",
+    "name": "encodeurl",
+    "escapedName": "encodeurl",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/send",
+    "/serve-static"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/encodeurl/-/encodeurl-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "ad3ff4c86ec2d029322f5a02c3a9a606c95b3f59",
+  "_spec": "encodeurl@~1.0.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Encode a URL to a percent-encoded form, excluding already-encoded sequences",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "10.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.8.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "5.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.6.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "2.5.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "encode",
+    "encodeurl",
+    "url"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "encodeurl",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/escape-html/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e70de971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+Copyright (c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe
+Copyright (c) 2015 Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/escape-html/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..653d9eaa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+# escape-html
+
+  Escape string for use in HTML
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var escape = require('escape-html');
+var html = escape('foo & bar');
+// -> foo &amp; bar
+```
+
+## Benchmark
+
+```
+$ npm run-script bench
+
+> escape-html@1.0.3 bench nodejs-escape-html
+> node benchmark/index.js
+
+
+  http_parser@1.0
+  node@0.10.33
+  v8@3.14.5.9
+  ares@1.9.0-DEV
+  uv@0.10.29
+  zlib@1.2.3
+  modules@11
+  openssl@1.0.1j
+
+  1 test completed.
+  2 tests completed.
+  3 tests completed.
+
+  no special characters    x 19,435,271 ops/sec ±0.85% (187 runs sampled)
+  single special character x  6,132,421 ops/sec ±0.67% (194 runs sampled)
+  many special characters  x  3,175,826 ops/sec ±0.65% (193 runs sampled)
+```
+
+## License
+
+  MIT
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/escape-html/index.js b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf9e226f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*!
+ * escape-html
+ * Copyright(c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var matchHtmlRegExp = /["'&<>]/;
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = escapeHtml;
+
+/**
+ * Escape special characters in the given string of html.
+ *
+ * @param  {string} string The string to escape for inserting into HTML
+ * @return {string}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function escapeHtml(string) {
+  var str = '' + string;
+  var match = matchHtmlRegExp.exec(str);
+
+  if (!match) {
+    return str;
+  }
+
+  var escape;
+  var html = '';
+  var index = 0;
+  var lastIndex = 0;
+
+  for (index = match.index; index < str.length; index++) {
+    switch (str.charCodeAt(index)) {
+      case 34: // "
+        escape = '&quot;';
+        break;
+      case 38: // &
+        escape = '&amp;';
+        break;
+      case 39: // '
+        escape = '&#39;';
+        break;
+      case 60: // <
+        escape = '&lt;';
+        break;
+      case 62: // >
+        escape = '&gt;';
+        break;
+      default:
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    if (lastIndex !== index) {
+      html += str.substring(lastIndex, index);
+    }
+
+    lastIndex = index + 1;
+    html += escape;
+  }
+
+  return lastIndex !== index
+    ? html + str.substring(lastIndex, index)
+    : html;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/escape-html/package.json b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c05ec838f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/escape-html/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "_from": "escape-html@~1.0.3",
+  "_id": "escape-html@1.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-Aljq5NPQwJdN4cFpGI7wBR0dGYg=",
+  "_location": "/escape-html",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "escape-html@~1.0.3",
+    "name": "escape-html",
+    "escapedName": "escape-html",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/send",
+    "/serve-static"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-html/-/escape-html-1.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "0258eae4d3d0c0974de1c169188ef0051d1d1988",
+  "_spec": "escape-html@~1.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/component/escape-html/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Escape string for use in HTML",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "Readme.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/component/escape-html#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "escape",
+    "html",
+    "utility"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "escape-html",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/component/escape-html.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/etag/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/etag/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..222b293de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/etag/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+1.8.1 / 2017-09-12
+==================
+
+  * perf: replace regular expression with substring
+
+1.8.0 / 2017-02-18
+==================
+
+  * Use SHA1 instead of MD5 for ETag hashing
+    - Improves performance for larger entities
+    - Works with FIPS 140-2 OpenSSL configuration
+
+1.7.0 / 2015-06-08
+==================
+
+  * Always include entity length in ETags for hash length extensions
+  * Generate non-Stats ETags using MD5 only (no longer CRC32)
+  * Improve stat performance by removing hashing
+  * Remove base64 padding in ETags to shorten
+  * Use MD5 instead of MD4 in weak ETags over 1KB
+
+1.6.0 / 2015-05-10
+==================
+
+  * Improve support for JXcore
+  * Remove requirement of `atime` in the stats object
+  * Support "fake" stats objects in environments without `fs`
+
+1.5.1 / 2014-11-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: crc@3.2.1
+    - Minor fixes
+
+1.5.0 / 2014-10-14
+==================
+
+  * Improve string performance
+  * Slightly improve speed for weak ETags over 1KB
+
+1.4.0 / 2014-09-21
+==================
+
+  * Support "fake" stats objects
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-09-14
+==================
+
+  * Use the (new and improved) `crc` for crc32
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-08-29
+==================
+
+  * Default strings to strong ETags
+  * Improve speed for weak ETags over 1KB
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-08-29
+==================
+
+  * Use the (much faster) `buffer-crc32` for crc32
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-08-24
+==================
+
+  * Add support for file stat objects
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-08-24
+==================
+
+  * Add fast-path for empty entity
+  * Add weak ETag generation
+  * Shrink size of generated ETags
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-08-24
+==================
+
+  * Fix behavior of string containing Unicode
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-05-18
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/etag/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/etag/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cab251c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/etag/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/etag/README.md b/backend/node_modules/etag/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09c2169e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/etag/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# etag
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Create simple HTTP ETags
+
+This module generates HTTP ETags (as defined in RFC 7232) for use in
+HTTP responses.
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install etag
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var etag = require('etag')
+```
+
+### etag(entity, [options])
+
+Generate a strong ETag for the given entity. This should be the complete
+body of the entity. Strings, `Buffer`s, and `fs.Stats` are accepted. By
+default, a strong ETag is generated except for `fs.Stats`, which will
+generate a weak ETag (this can be overwritten by `options.weak`).
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+res.setHeader('ETag', etag(body))
+```
+
+#### Options
+
+`etag` accepts these properties in the options object.
+
+##### weak
+
+Specifies if the generated ETag will include the weak validator mark (that
+is, the leading `W/`). The actual entity tag is the same. The default value
+is `false`, unless the `entity` is `fs.Stats`, in which case it is `true`.
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## Benchmark
+
+```bash
+$ npm run-script bench
+
+> etag@1.8.1 bench nodejs-etag
+> node benchmark/index.js
+
+  http_parser@2.7.0
+  node@6.11.1
+  v8@5.1.281.103
+  uv@1.11.0
+  zlib@1.2.11
+  ares@1.10.1-DEV
+  icu@58.2
+  modules@48
+  openssl@1.0.2k
+
+> node benchmark/body0-100b.js
+
+  100B body
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  buffer - strong x 258,647 ops/sec ±1.07% (180 runs sampled)
+  buffer - weak   x 263,812 ops/sec ±0.61% (184 runs sampled)
+  string - strong x 259,955 ops/sec ±1.19% (185 runs sampled)
+  string - weak   x 264,356 ops/sec ±1.09% (184 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/body1-1kb.js
+
+  1KB body
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  buffer - strong x 189,018 ops/sec ±1.12% (182 runs sampled)
+  buffer - weak   x 190,586 ops/sec ±0.81% (186 runs sampled)
+  string - strong x 144,272 ops/sec ±0.96% (188 runs sampled)
+  string - weak   x 145,380 ops/sec ±1.43% (187 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/body2-5kb.js
+
+  5KB body
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  buffer - strong x 92,435 ops/sec ±0.42% (188 runs sampled)
+  buffer - weak   x 92,373 ops/sec ±0.58% (189 runs sampled)
+  string - strong x 48,850 ops/sec ±0.56% (186 runs sampled)
+  string - weak   x 49,380 ops/sec ±0.56% (190 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/body3-10kb.js
+
+  10KB body
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  buffer - strong x 55,989 ops/sec ±0.93% (188 runs sampled)
+  buffer - weak   x 56,148 ops/sec ±0.55% (190 runs sampled)
+  string - strong x 27,345 ops/sec ±0.43% (188 runs sampled)
+  string - weak   x 27,496 ops/sec ±0.45% (190 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/body4-100kb.js
+
+  100KB body
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  buffer - strong x 7,083 ops/sec ±0.22% (190 runs sampled)
+  buffer - weak   x 7,115 ops/sec ±0.26% (191 runs sampled)
+  string - strong x 3,068 ops/sec ±0.34% (190 runs sampled)
+  string - weak   x 3,096 ops/sec ±0.35% (190 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/stats.js
+
+  stat
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  real - strong x 871,642 ops/sec ±0.34% (189 runs sampled)
+  real - weak   x 867,613 ops/sec ±0.39% (190 runs sampled)
+  fake - strong x 401,051 ops/sec ±0.40% (189 runs sampled)
+  fake - weak   x 400,100 ops/sec ±0.47% (188 runs sampled)
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/etag.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/etag
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/etag.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/etag/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/etag
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/etag/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/etag?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/etag.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/etag
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/etag/index.js b/backend/node_modules/etag/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a585c91f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/etag/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*!
+ * etag
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = etag
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var crypto = require('crypto')
+var Stats = require('fs').Stats
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var toString = Object.prototype.toString
+
+/**
+ * Generate an entity tag.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer|string} entity
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function entitytag (entity) {
+  if (entity.length === 0) {
+    // fast-path empty
+    return '"0-2jmj7l5rSw0yVb/vlWAYkK/YBwk"'
+  }
+
+  // compute hash of entity
+  var hash = crypto
+    .createHash('sha1')
+    .update(entity, 'utf8')
+    .digest('base64')
+    .substring(0, 27)
+
+  // compute length of entity
+  var len = typeof entity === 'string'
+    ? Buffer.byteLength(entity, 'utf8')
+    : entity.length
+
+  return '"' + len.toString(16) + '-' + hash + '"'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a simple ETag.
+ *
+ * @param {string|Buffer|Stats} entity
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {boolean} [options.weak]
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function etag (entity, options) {
+  if (entity == null) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument entity is required')
+  }
+
+  // support fs.Stats object
+  var isStats = isstats(entity)
+  var weak = options && typeof options.weak === 'boolean'
+    ? options.weak
+    : isStats
+
+  // validate argument
+  if (!isStats && typeof entity !== 'string' && !Buffer.isBuffer(entity)) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument entity must be string, Buffer, or fs.Stats')
+  }
+
+  // generate entity tag
+  var tag = isStats
+    ? stattag(entity)
+    : entitytag(entity)
+
+  return weak
+    ? 'W/' + tag
+    : tag
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if object is a Stats object.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function isstats (obj) {
+  // genuine fs.Stats
+  if (typeof Stats === 'function' && obj instanceof Stats) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // quack quack
+  return obj && typeof obj === 'object' &&
+    'ctime' in obj && toString.call(obj.ctime) === '[object Date]' &&
+    'mtime' in obj && toString.call(obj.mtime) === '[object Date]' &&
+    'ino' in obj && typeof obj.ino === 'number' &&
+    'size' in obj && typeof obj.size === 'number'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a tag for a stat.
+ *
+ * @param {object} stat
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function stattag (stat) {
+  var mtime = stat.mtime.getTime().toString(16)
+  var size = stat.size.toString(16)
+
+  return '"' + size + '-' + mtime + '"'
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/etag/package.json b/backend/node_modules/etag/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a5cad8e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/etag/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "_from": "etag@~1.8.1",
+  "_id": "etag@1.8.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-Qa4u62XvpiJorr/qg6x9eSmbCIc=",
+  "_location": "/etag",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "etag@~1.8.1",
+    "name": "etag",
+    "escapedName": "etag",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.8.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.8.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/etag/-/etag-1.8.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "41ae2eeb65efa62268aebfea83ac7d79299b0887",
+  "_spec": "etag@~1.8.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/etag/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "David Björklund",
+      "email": "david.bjorklund@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Create simple HTTP ETags",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "10.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.7.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.6",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "5.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.5.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "1.21.5",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.1",
+    "seedrandom": "2.4.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/etag#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "etag",
+    "http",
+    "res"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "etag",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/etag.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.8.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/History.md b/backend/node_modules/express/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e62a6ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3477 @@
+4.17.1 / 2019-05-25
+===================
+
+  * Revert "Improve error message for `null`/`undefined` to `res.status`"
+
+4.17.0 / 2019-05-16
+===================
+
+  * Add `express.raw` to parse bodies into `Buffer`
+  * Add `express.text` to parse bodies into string
+  * Improve error message for non-strings to `res.sendFile`
+  * Improve error message for `null`/`undefined` to `res.status`
+  * Support multiple hosts in `X-Forwarded-Host`
+  * deps: accepts@~1.3.7
+  * deps: body-parser@1.19.0
+    - Add encoding MIK
+    - Add petabyte (`pb`) support
+    - Fix parsing array brackets after index
+    - deps: bytes@3.1.0
+    - deps: http-errors@1.7.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
+    - deps: qs@6.7.0
+    - deps: raw-body@2.4.0
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.17
+  * deps: content-disposition@0.5.3
+  * deps: cookie@0.4.0
+    - Add `SameSite=None` support
+  * deps: finalhandler@~1.1.2
+    - Set stricter `Content-Security-Policy` header
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.3
+    - deps: statuses@~1.5.0
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.3
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~2.0.5
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.9.0
+  * deps: qs@6.7.0
+    - Fix parsing array brackets after index
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.2.1
+  * deps: send@0.17.1
+    - Set stricter CSP header in redirect & error responses
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.7.2
+    - deps: mime@1.6.0
+    - deps: ms@2.1.1
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.2.1
+    - deps: statuses@~1.5.0
+    - perf: remove redundant `path.normalize` call
+  * deps: serve-static@1.14.1
+    - Set stricter CSP header in redirect response
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.3
+    - deps: send@0.17.1
+  * deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
+  * deps: statuses@~1.5.0
+    - Add `103 Early Hints`
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.18
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.24
+    - perf: prevent internal `throw` on invalid type
+
+4.16.4 / 2018-10-10
+===================
+
+  * Fix issue where `"Request aborted"` may be logged in `res.sendfile`
+  * Fix JSDoc for `Router` constructor
+  * deps: body-parser@1.18.3
+    - Fix deprecation warnings on Node.js 10+
+    - Fix stack trace for strict json parse error
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.6.3
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
+    - deps: qs@6.5.2
+    - deps: raw-body@2.3.3
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.16
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~2.0.4
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.8.0
+  * deps: qs@6.5.2
+  * deps: safe-buffer@5.1.2
+
+4.16.3 / 2018-03-12
+===================
+
+  * deps: accepts@~1.3.5
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - Fix encoding `%` as last character
+  * deps: finalhandler@1.1.1
+    - Fix 404 output for bad / missing pathnames
+    - deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - deps: statuses@~1.4.0
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~2.0.3
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.6.0
+  * deps: send@0.16.2
+    - Fix incorrect end tag in default error & redirects
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - deps: statuses@~1.4.0
+  * deps: serve-static@1.13.2
+    - Fix incorrect end tag in redirects
+    - deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - deps: send@0.16.2
+  * deps: statuses@~1.4.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.16
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
+
+4.16.2 / 2017-10-09
+===================
+
+  * Fix `TypeError` in `res.send` when given `Buffer` and `ETag` header set
+  * perf: skip parsing of entire `X-Forwarded-Proto` header
+
+4.16.1 / 2017-09-29
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.16.1
+  * deps: serve-static@1.13.1
+    - Fix regression when `root` is incorrectly set to a file
+    - deps: send@0.16.1
+
+4.16.0 / 2017-09-28
+===================
+
+  * Add `"json escape"` setting for `res.json` and `res.jsonp`
+  * Add `express.json` and `express.urlencoded` to parse bodies
+  * Add `options` argument to `res.download`
+  * Improve error message when autoloading invalid view engine
+  * Improve error messages when non-function provided as middleware
+  * Skip `Buffer` encoding when not generating ETag for small response
+  * Use `safe-buffer` for improved Buffer API
+  * deps: accepts@~1.3.4
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.16
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.4
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+    - perf: skip parameter parsing when no parameters
+  * deps: etag@~1.8.1
+    - perf: replace regular expression with substring
+  * deps: finalhandler@1.1.0
+    - Use `res.headersSent` when available
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.2
+    - perf: reduce overhead for full URLs
+    - perf: unroll the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~2.0.2
+    - Fix trimming leading / trailing OWS in `X-Forwarded-For`
+    - deps: forwarded@~0.1.2
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.5.2
+    - perf: reduce overhead when no `X-Forwarded-For` header
+  * deps: qs@6.5.1
+    - Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects
+  * deps: send@0.16.0
+    - Add 70 new types for file extensions
+    - Add `immutable` option
+    - Fix missing `</html>` in default error & redirects
+    - Set charset as "UTF-8" for .js and .json
+    - Use instance methods on steam to check for listeners
+    - deps: mime@1.4.1
+    - perf: improve path validation speed
+  * deps: serve-static@1.13.0
+    - Add 70 new types for file extensions
+    - Add `immutable` option
+    - Set charset as "UTF-8" for .js and .json
+    - deps: send@0.16.0
+  * deps: setprototypeof@1.1.0
+  * deps: utils-merge@1.0.1
+  * deps: vary@~1.1.2
+    - perf: improve header token parsing speed
+  * perf: re-use options object when generating ETags
+  * perf: remove dead `.charset` set in `res.jsonp`
+
+4.15.5 / 2017-09-24
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.9
+  * deps: finalhandler@~1.0.6
+    - deps: debug@2.6.9
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.2
+  * deps: fresh@0.5.2
+    - Fix handling of modified headers with invalid dates
+    - perf: improve ETag match loop
+    - perf: improve `If-None-Match` token parsing
+  * deps: send@0.15.6
+    - Fix handling of modified headers with invalid dates
+    - deps: debug@2.6.9
+    - deps: etag@~1.8.1
+    - deps: fresh@0.5.2
+    - perf: improve `If-Match` token parsing
+  * deps: serve-static@1.12.6
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.2
+    - deps: send@0.15.6
+    - perf: improve slash collapsing
+
+4.15.4 / 2017-08-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.8
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.1
+    - Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
+  * deps: finalhandler@~1.0.4
+    - deps: debug@2.6.8
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.1.5
+    - Fix array argument being altered
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.4.0
+  * deps: qs@6.5.0
+  * deps: send@0.15.4
+    - deps: debug@2.6.8
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.1
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.6.2
+  * deps: serve-static@1.12.4
+    - deps: send@0.15.4
+
+4.15.3 / 2017-05-16
+===================
+
+  * Fix error when `res.set` cannot add charset to `Content-Type`
+  * deps: debug@2.6.7
+    - Fix `DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
+    - deps: ms@2.0.0
+  * deps: finalhandler@~1.0.3
+    - Fix missing `</html>` in HTML document
+    - deps: debug@2.6.7
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.1.4
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.3.0
+  * deps: send@0.15.3
+    - deps: debug@2.6.7
+    - deps: ms@2.0.0
+  * deps: serve-static@1.12.3
+    - deps: send@0.15.3
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.15
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.15
+  * deps: vary@~1.1.1
+    - perf: hoist regular expression
+
+4.15.2 / 2017-03-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@6.4.0
+    - Fix regression parsing keys starting with `[`
+
+4.15.1 / 2017-03-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.15.1
+    - Fix issue when `Date.parse` does not return `NaN` on invalid date
+    - Fix strict violation in broken environments
+  * deps: serve-static@1.12.1
+    - Fix issue when `Date.parse` does not return `NaN` on invalid date
+    - deps: send@0.15.1
+
+4.15.0 / 2017-03-01
+===================
+
+  * Add debug message when loading view engine
+  * Add `next("router")` to exit from router
+  * Fix case where `router.use` skipped requests routes did not
+  * Remove usage of `res._headers` private field
+    - Improves compatibility with Node.js 8 nightly
+  * Skip routing when `req.url` is not set
+  * Use `%o` in path debug to tell types apart
+  * Use `Object.create` to setup request & response prototypes
+  * Use `setprototypeof` module to replace `__proto__` setting
+  * Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+  * deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - Allow colors in workers
+    - Deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable set to `3` or higher
+    - Fix error when running under React Native
+    - Use same color for same namespace
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+  * deps: etag@~1.8.0
+    - Use SHA1 instead of MD5 for ETag hashing
+    - Works with FIPS 140-2 OpenSSL configuration
+  * deps: finalhandler@~1.0.0
+    - Fix exception when `err` cannot be converted to a string
+    - Fully URL-encode the pathname in the 404
+    - Only include the pathname in the 404 message
+    - Send complete HTML document
+    - Set `Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'` header
+    - deps: debug@2.6.1
+  * deps: fresh@0.5.0
+    - Fix false detection of `no-cache` request directive
+    - Fix incorrect result when `If-None-Match` has both `*` and ETags
+    - Fix weak `ETag` matching to match spec
+    - perf: delay reading header values until needed
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: hoist regular expressions
+    - perf: remove duplicate conditional
+    - perf: remove unnecessary boolean coercions
+    - perf: skip checking modified time if ETag check failed
+    - perf: skip parsing `If-None-Match` when no `ETag` header
+    - perf: use `Date.parse` instead of `new Date`
+  * deps: qs@6.3.1
+    - Fix array parsing from skipping empty values
+    - Fix compacting nested arrays
+  * deps: send@0.15.0
+    - Fix false detection of `no-cache` request directive
+    - Fix incorrect result when `If-None-Match` has both `*` and ETags
+    - Fix weak `ETag` matching to match spec
+    - Remove usage of `res._headers` private field
+    - Support `If-Match` and `If-Unmodified-Since` headers
+    - Use `res.getHeaderNames()` when available
+    - Use `res.headersSent` when available
+    - deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.8.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.5.0
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.6.1
+  * deps: serve-static@1.12.0
+    - Fix false detection of `no-cache` request directive
+    - Fix incorrect result when `If-None-Match` has both `*` and ETags
+    - Fix weak `ETag` matching to match spec
+    - Remove usage of `res._headers` private field
+    - Send complete HTML document in redirect response
+    - Set default CSP header in redirect response
+    - Support `If-Match` and `If-Unmodified-Since` headers
+    - Use `res.getHeaderNames()` when available
+    - Use `res.headersSent` when available
+    - deps: send@0.15.0
+  * perf: add fast match path for `*` route
+  * perf: improve `req.ips` performance
+
+4.14.1 / 2017-01-28
+===================
+
+  * deps: content-disposition@0.5.2
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.5.1
+    - Fix exception when `err.headers` is not an object
+    - deps: statuses@~1.3.1
+    - perf: hoist regular expressions
+    - perf: remove duplicate validation path
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.1.3
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.2.0
+  * deps: send@0.14.2
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.5.1
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+    - deps: statuses@~1.3.1
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.11.2
+    - deps: send@0.14.2
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.14
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.13
+
+4.14.0 / 2016-06-16
+===================
+
+  * Add `acceptRanges` option to `res.sendFile`/`res.sendfile`
+  * Add `cacheControl` option to `res.sendFile`/`res.sendfile`
+  * Add `options` argument to `req.range`
+    - Includes the `combine` option
+  * Encode URL in `res.location`/`res.redirect` if not already encoded
+  * Fix some redirect handling in `res.sendFile`/`res.sendfile`
+  * Fix Windows absolute path check using forward slashes
+  * Improve error with invalid arguments to `req.get()`
+  * Improve performance for `res.json`/`res.jsonp` in most cases
+  * Improve `Range` header handling in `res.sendFile`/`res.sendfile`
+  * deps: accepts@~1.3.3
+    - Fix including type extensions in parameters in `Accept` parsing
+    - Fix parsing `Accept` parameters with quoted equals
+    - Fix parsing `Accept` parameters with quoted semicolons
+    - Many performance improvements
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
+    - deps: negotiator@0.6.1
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: cookie@0.3.1
+    - Add `sameSite` option
+    - Fix cookie `Max-Age` to never be a floating point number
+    - Improve error message when `encode` is not a function
+    - Improve error message when `expires` is not a `Date`
+    - Throw better error for invalid argument to parse
+    - Throw on invalid values provided to `serialize`
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: hoist regular expression
+    - perf: use for loop in parse
+    - perf: use string concatenation for serialization
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.5.0
+    - Change invalid or non-numeric status code to 500
+    - Overwrite status message to match set status code
+    - Prefer `err.statusCode` if `err.status` is invalid
+    - Set response headers from `err.headers` object
+    - Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.1.2
+    - Fix accepting various invalid netmasks
+    - Fix IPv6-mapped IPv4 validation edge cases
+    - IPv4 netmasks must be contiguous
+    - IPv6 addresses cannot be used as a netmask
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.1.1
+  * deps: qs@6.2.0
+    - Add `decoder` option in `parse` function
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.2.0
+    - Add `combine` option to combine overlapping ranges
+    - Fix incorrectly returning -1 when there is at least one valid range
+    - perf: remove internal function
+  * deps: send@0.14.1
+    - Add `acceptRanges` option
+    - Add `cacheControl` option
+    - Attempt to combine multiple ranges into single range
+    - Correctly inherit from `Stream` class
+    - Fix `Content-Range` header in 416 responses when using `start`/`end` options
+    - Fix `Content-Range` header missing from default 416 responses
+    - Fix redirect error when `path` contains raw non-URL characters
+    - Fix redirect when `path` starts with multiple forward slashes
+    - Ignore non-byte `Range` headers
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.5.0
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.2.0
+    - deps: statuses@~1.3.0
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.11.1
+    - Add `acceptRanges` option
+    - Add `cacheControl` option
+    - Attempt to combine multiple ranges into single range
+    - Fix redirect error when `req.url` contains raw non-URL characters
+    - Ignore non-byte `Range` headers
+    - Use status code 301 for redirects
+    - deps: send@0.14.1
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.13
+    - Fix type error when given invalid type to match against
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
+  * deps: vary@~1.1.0
+    - Only accept valid field names in the `field` argument
+  * perf: use strict equality when possible
+
+4.13.4 / 2016-01-21
+===================
+
+  * deps: content-disposition@0.5.1
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: cookie@0.1.5
+    - Throw on invalid values provided to `serialize`
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.0
+    - Support web browser loading
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: optimize string replacement
+    - perf: use faster string coercion
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.4.1
+    - deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+  * deps: merge-descriptors@1.0.1
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: methods@~1.1.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.1
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.10
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.0.5
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.0.3
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: send@0.13.1
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.0
+    - deps: destroy@~1.0.4
+    - deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.0.3
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.10.2
+    - deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.0
+    - deps: send@0.13.1
+
+4.13.3 / 2015-08-02
+===================
+
+  * Fix infinite loop condition using `mergeParams: true`
+  * Fix inner numeric indices incorrectly altering parent `req.params`
+
+4.13.2 / 2015-07-31
+===================
+
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.12
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
+  * deps: array-flatten@1.1.1
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: path-to-regexp@0.1.7
+    - Fix regression with escaped round brackets and matching groups
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.6
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
+
+4.13.1 / 2015-07-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.10
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
+  * deps: qs@4.0.0
+    - Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
+    - Fix various parsing edge cases
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.4
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+4.13.0 / 2015-06-20
+===================
+
+  * Add settings to debug output
+  * Fix `res.format` error when only `default` provided
+  * Fix issue where `next('route')` in `app.param` would incorrectly skip values
+  * Fix hiding platform issues with `decodeURIComponent`
+    - Only `URIError`s are a 400
+  * Fix using `*` before params in routes
+  * Fix using capture groups before params in routes
+  * Simplify `res.cookie` to call `res.append`
+  * Use `array-flatten` module for flattening arrays
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.9
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
+    - perf: avoid argument reassignment & argument slice
+    - perf: avoid negotiator recursive construction
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove unnecessary bitwise operator
+  * deps: cookie@0.1.3
+    - perf: deduce the scope of try-catch deopt
+    - perf: remove argument reassignments
+  * deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+  * deps: etag@~1.7.0
+    - Always include entity length in ETags for hash length extensions
+    - Generate non-Stats ETags using MD5 only (no longer CRC32)
+    - Improve stat performance by removing hashing
+    - Improve support for JXcore
+    - Remove base64 padding in ETags to shorten
+    - Support "fake" stats objects in environments without fs
+    - Use MD5 instead of MD4 in weak ETags over 1KB
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.4.0
+    - Fix a false-positive when unpiping in Node.js 0.8
+    - Support `statusCode` property on `Error` objects
+    - Use `unpipe` module for unpiping requests
+    - deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - Add weak `ETag` matching support
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+    - deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+  * deps: path-to-regexp@0.1.6
+  * deps: send@0.13.0
+    - Allow Node.js HTTP server to set `Date` response header
+    - Fix incorrectly removing `Content-Location` on 304 response
+    - Improve the default redirect response headers
+    - Send appropriate headers on default error response
+    - Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+    - Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+    - deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+    - deps: etag@~1.7.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove unnecessary array allocations
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.10.0
+    - Add `fallthrough` option
+    - Fix reading options from options prototype
+    - Improve the default redirect response headers
+    - Malformed URLs now `next()` instead of 400
+    - deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+    - deps: send@0.13.0
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
+    - perf: reduce try block size
+    - perf: remove bitwise operations
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: isolate `app.render` try block
+  * perf: remove argument reassignments in application
+  * perf: remove argument reassignments in request prototype
+  * perf: remove argument reassignments in response prototype
+  * perf: remove argument reassignments in routing
+  * perf: remove argument reassignments in `View`
+  * perf: skip attempting to decode zero length string
+  * perf: use saved reference to `http.STATUS_CODES`
+
+4.12.4 / 2015-05-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.7
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
+    - deps: negotiator@0.5.3
+  * deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.1
+  * deps: etag@~1.6.0
+    - Improve support for JXcore
+    - Support "fake" stats objects in environments without `fs`
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.3.6
+    - deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+    - Fix `isFinished(req)` when data buffered
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.8
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.0.1
+  * deps: qs@2.4.2
+   - Fix allowing parameters like `constructor`
+  * deps: send@0.12.3
+    - deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.6.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.9.3
+    - deps: send@0.12.3
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
+
+4.12.3 / 2015-03-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.5
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.3.4
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.3
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.7
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.9
+  * deps: qs@2.4.1
+    - Fix error when parameter `hasOwnProperty` is present
+  * deps: send@0.12.2
+    - Throw errors early for invalid `extensions` or `index` options
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.3
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.9.2
+    - deps: send@0.12.2
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.1
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
+
+4.12.2 / 2015-03-02
+===================
+
+  * Fix regression where `"Request aborted"` is logged using `res.sendFile`
+
+4.12.1 / 2015-03-01
+===================
+
+  * Fix constructing application with non-configurable prototype properties
+  * Fix `ECONNRESET` errors from `res.sendFile` usage
+  * Fix `req.host` when using "trust proxy" hops count
+  * Fix `req.protocol`/`req.secure` when using "trust proxy" hops count
+  * Fix wrong `code` on aborted connections from `res.sendFile`
+  * deps: merge-descriptors@1.0.0
+
+4.12.0 / 2015-02-23
+===================
+
+  * Fix `"trust proxy"` setting to inherit when app is mounted
+  * Generate `ETag`s for all request responses
+    - No longer restricted to only responses for `GET` and `HEAD` requests
+  * Use `content-type` to parse `Content-Type` headers
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.4
+    - Fix preference sorting to be stable for long acceptable lists
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
+    - deps: negotiator@0.5.1
+  * deps: cookie-signature@1.0.6
+  * deps: send@0.12.1
+    - Always read the stat size from the file
+    - Fix mutating passed-in `options`
+    - deps: mime@1.3.4
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.9.1
+    - deps: send@0.12.1
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.0
+    - fix argument reassignment
+    - fix false-positives in `hasBody` `Transfer-Encoding` check
+    - support wildcard for both type and subtype (`*/*`)
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
+
+4.11.2 / 2015-02-01
+===================
+
+  * Fix `res.redirect` double-calling `res.end` for `HEAD` requests
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.6
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.8
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.6
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
+
+4.11.1 / 2015-01-20
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.11.1
+    - Fix root path disclosure
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.8.1
+    - Fix redirect loop in Node.js 0.11.14
+    - Fix root path disclosure
+    - deps: send@0.11.1
+
+4.11.0 / 2015-01-13
+===================
+
+  * Add `res.append(field, val)` to append headers
+  * Deprecate leading `:` in `name` for `app.param(name, fn)`
+  * Deprecate `req.param()` -- use `req.params`, `req.body`, or `req.query` instead
+  * Deprecate `app.param(fn)`
+  * Fix `OPTIONS` responses to include the `HEAD` method properly
+  * Fix `res.sendFile` not always detecting aborted connection
+  * Match routes iteratively to prevent stack overflows
+  * deps: accepts@~1.2.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
+    - deps: negotiator@0.5.0
+  * deps: send@0.11.0
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.5.1
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.8.0
+    - deps: send@0.11.0
+
+4.10.8 / 2015-01-13
+===================
+
+  * Fix crash from error within `OPTIONS` response handler
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.5
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.6
+
+4.10.7 / 2015-01-04
+===================
+
+  * Fix `Allow` header for `OPTIONS` to not contain duplicate methods
+  * Fix incorrect "Request aborted" for `res.sendFile` when `HEAD` or 304
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.1
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.3.3
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.1
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+  * deps: methods@~1.1.1
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.7.2
+    - Fix potential open redirect when mounted at root
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.5
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
+
+4.10.6 / 2014-12-12
+===================
+
+  * Fix exception in `req.fresh`/`req.stale` without response headers
+
+4.10.5 / 2014-12-10
+===================
+
+  * Fix `res.send` double-calling `res.end` for `HEAD` requests
+  * deps: accepts@~1.1.4
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.4
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.4
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.4
+
+4.10.4 / 2014-11-24
+===================
+
+  * Fix `res.sendfile` logging standard write errors
+
+4.10.3 / 2014-11-23
+===================
+
+  * Fix `res.sendFile` logging standard write errors
+  * deps: etag@~1.5.1
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.4
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.5
+  * deps: qs@2.3.3
+    - Fix `arrayLimit` behavior
+
+4.10.2 / 2014-11-09
+===================
+
+  * Correctly invoke async router callback asynchronously
+  * deps: accepts@~1.1.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
+
+4.10.1 / 2014-10-28
+===================
+
+  * Fix handling of URLs containing `://` in the path
+  * deps: qs@2.3.2
+    - Fix parsing of mixed objects and values
+
+4.10.0 / 2014-10-23
+===================
+
+  * Add support for `app.set('views', array)`
+    - Views are looked up in sequence in array of directories
+  * Fix `res.send(status)` to mention `res.sendStatus(status)`
+  * Fix handling of invalid empty URLs
+  * Use `content-disposition` module for `res.attachment`/`res.download`
+    - Sends standards-compliant `Content-Disposition` header
+    - Full Unicode support
+  * Use `path.resolve` in view lookup
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - Implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.0
+  * deps: etag@~1.5.0
+    - Improve string performance
+    - Slightly improve speed for weak ETags over 1KB
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.3.2
+    - Terminate in progress response only on error
+    - Use `on-finished` to determine request status
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+    - Fix handling of pipelined requests
+  * deps: qs@2.3.0
+    - Fix parsing of mixed implicit and explicit arrays
+  * deps: send@0.10.1
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.0
+    - deps: etag@~1.5.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.7.1
+    - deps: send@0.10.1
+
+4.9.8 / 2014-10-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix `res.redirect` body when redirect status specified
+  * deps: accepts@~1.1.2
+    - Fix error when media type has invalid parameter
+    - deps: negotiator@0.4.9
+
+4.9.7 / 2014-10-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix using same param name in array of paths
+
+4.9.6 / 2014-10-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: accepts@~1.1.1
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
+    - deps: negotiator@0.4.8
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.6.4
+    - Fix redirect loop when index file serving disabled
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
+
+4.9.5 / 2014-09-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: etag@~1.4.0
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.3
+    - Use `forwarded` npm module
+  * deps: send@0.9.3
+    - deps: etag@~1.4.0
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.6.3
+    - deps: send@0.9.3
+
+4.9.4 / 2014-09-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.4
+    - Fix issue with object keys starting with numbers truncated
+
+4.9.3 / 2014-09-18
+==================
+
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.2
+    - Fix a global leak when multiple subnets are trusted
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.3
+
+4.9.2 / 2014-09-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression for empty string `path` in `app.use`
+  * Fix `router.use` to accept array of middleware without path
+  * Improve error message for bad `app.use` arguments
+
+4.9.1 / 2014-09-16
+==================
+
+  * Fix `app.use` to accept array of middleware without path
+  * deps: depd@0.4.5
+  * deps: etag@~1.3.1
+  * deps: send@0.9.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.5
+    - deps: etag@~1.3.1
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.0.2
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.6.2
+    - deps: send@0.9.2
+
+4.9.0 / 2014-09-08
+==================
+
+  * Add `res.sendStatus`
+  * Invoke callback for sendfile when client aborts
+    - Applies to `res.sendFile`, `res.sendfile`, and `res.download`
+    - `err` will be populated with request aborted error
+  * Support IP address host in `req.subdomains`
+  * Use `etag` to generate `ETag` headers
+  * deps: accepts@~1.1.0
+    - update `mime-types`
+  * deps: cookie-signature@1.0.5
+  * deps: debug@~2.0.0
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.2.0
+    - Set `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff` header
+    - deps: debug@~2.0.0
+  * deps: fresh@0.2.4
+  * deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+    - Throw error when parameter format invalid on parse
+  * deps: qs@2.2.3
+    - Fix issue where first empty value in array is discarded
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.0.2
+  * deps: send@0.9.1
+    - Add `lastModified` option
+    - Use `etag` to generate `ETag` header
+    - deps: debug@~2.0.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.2.4
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.6.1
+    - Add `lastModified` option
+    - deps: send@0.9.1
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.1
+    - fix `hasbody` to be true for `content-length: 0`
+    - deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.1
+  * deps: vary@~1.0.0
+    - Accept valid `Vary` header string as `field`
+
+4.8.8 / 2014-09-04
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.8.5
+    - Fix a path traversal issue when using `root`
+    - Fix malicious path detection for empty string path
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.5.4
+    - deps: send@0.8.5
+
+4.8.7 / 2014-08-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.2
+    - Remove unnecessary cloning
+
+4.8.6 / 2014-08-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.0
+    - Array parsing fix
+    - Performance improvements
+
+4.8.5 / 2014-08-18
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.8.3
+    - deps: destroy@1.0.3
+    - deps: on-finished@2.1.0
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.5.3
+    - deps: send@0.8.3
+
+4.8.4 / 2014-08-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.2
+  * deps: send@0.8.2
+    - Work around `fd` leak in Node.js 0.10 for `fs.ReadStream`
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.5.2
+    - deps: send@0.8.2
+
+4.8.3 / 2014-08-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.0
+  * deps: qs@1.2.1
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.5.1
+    - Fix parsing of weird `req.originalUrl` values
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.0
+    - deps: utils-merge@1.0.0
+
+4.8.2 / 2014-08-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.0
+    - Fix parsing array of objects
+
+4.8.1 / 2014-08-06
+==================
+
+  * fix incorrect deprecation warnings on `res.download`
+  * deps: qs@1.1.0
+    - Accept urlencoded square brackets
+    - Accept empty values in implicit array notation
+
+4.8.0 / 2014-08-05
+==================
+
+  * add `res.sendFile`
+    - accepts a file system path instead of a URL
+    - requires an absolute path or `root` option specified
+  * deprecate `res.sendfile` -- use `res.sendFile` instead
+  * support mounted app as any argument to `app.use()`
+  * deps: qs@1.0.2
+    - Complete rewrite
+    - Limits array length to 20
+    - Limits object depth to 5
+    - Limits parameters to 1,000
+  * deps: send@0.8.1
+    - Add `extensions` option
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.5.0
+    - Add `extensions` option
+    - deps: send@0.8.1
+
+4.7.4 / 2014-08-04
+==================
+
+  * fix `res.sendfile` regression for serving directory index files
+  * deps: send@0.7.4
+    - Fix incorrect 403 on Windows and Node.js 0.11
+    - Fix serving index files without root dir
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.4.4
+    - deps: send@0.7.4
+
+4.7.3 / 2014-08-04
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.7.3
+    - Fix incorrect 403 on Windows and Node.js 0.11
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.4.3
+    - Fix incorrect 403 on Windows and Node.js 0.11
+    - deps: send@0.7.3
+
+4.7.2 / 2014-07-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.4
+    - Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
+  * deps: send@0.7.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.4
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.4.2
+
+4.7.1 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.3
+    - Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
+  * deps: send@0.7.1
+    - deps: depd@0.4.3
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.4.1
+
+4.7.0 / 2014-07-25
+==================
+
+  * fix `req.protocol` for proxy-direct connections
+  * configurable query parser with `app.set('query parser', parser)`
+    - `app.set('query parser', 'extended')` parse with "qs" module
+    - `app.set('query parser', 'simple')` parse with "querystring" core module
+    - `app.set('query parser', false)` disable query string parsing
+    - `app.set('query parser', true)` enable simple parsing
+  * deprecate `res.json(status, obj)` -- use `res.status(status).json(obj)` instead
+  * deprecate `res.jsonp(status, obj)` -- use `res.status(status).jsonp(obj)` instead
+  * deprecate `res.send(status, body)` -- use `res.status(status).send(body)` instead
+  * deps: debug@1.0.4
+  * deps: depd@0.4.2
+    - Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+    - Remove non-standard grey color from color output
+    - Support `--no-deprecation` argument
+    - Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.1.0
+    - Respond after request fully read
+    - deps: debug@1.0.4
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.2.0
+    - Cache URLs based on original value
+    - Remove no-longer-needed URL mis-parse work-around
+    - Simplify the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+  * deps: send@0.7.0
+    - Add `dotfiles` option
+    - Cap `maxAge` value to 1 year
+    - deps: debug@1.0.4
+    - deps: depd@0.4.2
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.4.0
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.2.0
+    - deps: send@0.7.0
+  * perf: prevent multiple `Buffer` creation in `res.send`
+
+4.6.1 / 2014-07-12
+==================
+
+  * fix `subapp.mountpath` regression for `app.use(subapp)`
+
+4.6.0 / 2014-07-11
+==================
+
+  * accept multiple callbacks to `app.use()`
+  * add explicit "Rosetta Flash JSONP abuse" protection
+    - previous versions are not vulnerable; this is just explicit protection
+  * catch errors in multiple `req.param(name, fn)` handlers
+  * deprecate `res.redirect(url, status)` -- use `res.redirect(status, url)` instead
+  * fix `res.send(status, num)` to send `num` as json (not error)
+  * remove unnecessary escaping when `res.jsonp` returns JSON response
+  * support non-string `path` in `app.use(path, fn)`
+    - supports array of paths
+    - supports `RegExp`
+  * router: fix optimization on router exit
+  * router: refactor location of `try` blocks
+  * router: speed up standard `app.use(fn)`
+  * deps: debug@1.0.3
+    - Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces
+  * deps: finalhandler@0.0.3
+    - deps: debug@1.0.3
+  * deps: methods@1.1.0
+    - add `CONNECT`
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.1.3
+    - faster parsing of href-only URLs
+  * deps: path-to-regexp@0.1.3
+  * deps: send@0.6.0
+    - deps: debug@1.0.3
+  * deps: serve-static@~1.3.2
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.1.3
+    - deps: send@0.6.0
+  * perf: fix arguments reassign deopt in some `res` methods
+
+4.5.1 / 2014-07-06
+==================
+
+ * fix routing regression when altering `req.method`
+
+4.5.0 / 2014-07-04
+==================
+
+ * add deprecation message to non-plural `req.accepts*`
+ * add deprecation message to `res.send(body, status)`
+ * add deprecation message to `res.vary()`
+ * add `headers` option to `res.sendfile`
+   - use to set headers on successful file transfer
+ * add `mergeParams` option to `Router`
+   - merges `req.params` from parent routes
+ * add `req.hostname` -- correct name for what `req.host` returns
+ * deprecate things with `depd` module
+ * deprecate `req.host` -- use `req.hostname` instead
+ * fix behavior when handling request without routes
+ * fix handling when `route.all` is only route
+ * invoke `router.param()` only when route matches
+ * restore `req.params` after invoking router
+ * use `finalhandler` for final response handling
+ * use `media-typer` to alter content-type charset
+ * deps: accepts@~1.0.7
+ * deps: send@0.5.0
+   - Accept string for `maxage` (converted by `ms`)
+   - Include link in default redirect response
+ * deps: serve-static@~1.3.0
+   - Accept string for `maxAge` (converted by `ms`)
+   - Add `setHeaders` option
+   - Include HTML link in redirect response
+   - deps: send@0.5.0
+ * deps: type-is@~1.3.2
+
+4.4.5 / 2014-06-26
+==================
+
+ * deps: cookie-signature@1.0.4
+   - fix for timing attacks
+
+4.4.4 / 2014-06-20
+==================
+
+ * fix `res.attachment` Unicode filenames in Safari
+ * fix "trim prefix" debug message in `express:router`
+ * deps: accepts@~1.0.5
+ * deps: buffer-crc32@0.2.3
+
+4.4.3 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+ * fix persistence of modified `req.params[name]` from `app.param()`
+ * deps: accepts@1.0.3
+   - deps: negotiator@0.4.6
+ * deps: debug@1.0.2
+ * deps: send@0.4.3
+   - Do not throw uncatchable error on file open race condition
+   - Use `escape-html` for HTML escaping
+   - deps: debug@1.0.2
+   - deps: finished@1.2.2
+   - deps: fresh@0.2.2
+ * deps: serve-static@1.2.3
+   - Do not throw uncatchable error on file open race condition
+   - deps: send@0.4.3
+
+4.4.2 / 2014-06-09
+==================
+
+ * fix catching errors from top-level handlers
+ * use `vary` module for `res.vary`
+ * deps: debug@1.0.1
+ * deps: proxy-addr@1.0.1
+ * deps: send@0.4.2
+   - fix "event emitter leak" warnings
+   - deps: debug@1.0.1
+   - deps: finished@1.2.1
+ * deps: serve-static@1.2.2
+   - fix "event emitter leak" warnings
+   - deps: send@0.4.2
+ * deps: type-is@1.2.1
+
+4.4.1 / 2014-06-02
+==================
+
+ * deps: methods@1.0.1
+ * deps: send@0.4.1
+   - Send `max-age` in `Cache-Control` in correct format
+ * deps: serve-static@1.2.1
+   - use `escape-html` for escaping
+   - deps: send@0.4.1
+
+4.4.0 / 2014-05-30
+==================
+
+ * custom etag control with `app.set('etag', val)`
+   - `app.set('etag', function(body, encoding){ return '"etag"' })` custom etag generation
+   - `app.set('etag', 'weak')` weak tag
+   - `app.set('etag', 'strong')` strong etag
+   - `app.set('etag', false)` turn off
+   - `app.set('etag', true)` standard etag
+ * mark `res.send` ETag as weak and reduce collisions
+ * update accepts to 1.0.2
+   - Fix interpretation when header not in request
+ * update send to 0.4.0
+   - Calculate ETag with md5 for reduced collisions
+   - Ignore stream errors after request ends
+   - deps: debug@0.8.1
+ * update serve-static to 1.2.0
+   - Calculate ETag with md5 for reduced collisions
+   - Ignore stream errors after request ends
+   - deps: send@0.4.0
+
+4.3.2 / 2014-05-28
+==================
+
+ * fix handling of errors from `router.param()` callbacks
+
+4.3.1 / 2014-05-23
+==================
+
+ * revert "fix behavior of multiple `app.VERB` for the same path"
+   - this caused a regression in the order of route execution
+
+4.3.0 / 2014-05-21
+==================
+
+ * add `req.baseUrl` to access the path stripped from `req.url` in routes
+ * fix behavior of multiple `app.VERB` for the same path
+ * fix issue routing requests among sub routers
+ * invoke `router.param()` only when necessary instead of every match
+ * proper proxy trust with `app.set('trust proxy', trust)`
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', 1)` trust first hop
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback')` trust loopback addresses
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', '10.0.0.1')` trust single IP
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', '10.0.0.1/16')` trust subnet
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', '10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2')` trust list
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', false)` turn off
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', true)` trust everything
+ * set proper `charset` in `Content-Type` for `res.send`
+ * update type-is to 1.2.0
+   - support suffix matching
+
+4.2.0 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+ * deprecate `app.del()` -- use `app.delete()` instead
+ * deprecate `res.json(obj, status)` -- use `res.json(status, obj)` instead
+   - the edge-case `res.json(status, num)` requires `res.status(status).json(num)`
+ * deprecate `res.jsonp(obj, status)` -- use `res.jsonp(status, obj)` instead
+   - the edge-case `res.jsonp(status, num)` requires `res.status(status).jsonp(num)`
+ * fix `req.next` when inside router instance
+ * include `ETag` header in `HEAD` requests
+ * keep previous `Content-Type` for `res.jsonp`
+ * support PURGE method
+   - add `app.purge`
+   - add `router.purge`
+   - include PURGE in `app.all`
+ * update debug to 0.8.0
+   - add `enable()` method
+   - change from stderr to stdout
+ * update methods to 1.0.0
+   - add PURGE
+
+4.1.2 / 2014-05-08
+==================
+
+ * fix `req.host` for IPv6 literals
+ * fix `res.jsonp` error if callback param is object
+
+4.1.1 / 2014-04-27
+==================
+
+ * fix package.json to reflect supported node version
+
+4.1.0 / 2014-04-24
+==================
+
+ * pass options from `res.sendfile` to `send`
+ * preserve casing of headers in `res.header` and `res.set`
+ * support unicode file names in `res.attachment` and `res.download`
+ * update accepts to 1.0.1
+   - deps: negotiator@0.4.0
+ * update cookie to 0.1.2
+   - Fix for maxAge == 0
+   - made compat with expires field
+ * update send to 0.3.0
+   - Accept API options in options object
+   - Coerce option types
+   - Control whether to generate etags
+   - Default directory access to 403 when index disabled
+   - Fix sending files with dots without root set
+   - Include file path in etag
+   - Make "Can't set headers after they are sent." catchable
+   - Send full entity-body for multi range requests
+   - Set etags to "weak"
+   - Support "If-Range" header
+   - Support multiple index paths
+   - deps: mime@1.2.11
+ * update serve-static to 1.1.0
+   - Accept options directly to `send` module
+   - Resolve relative paths at middleware setup
+   - Use parseurl to parse the URL from request
+   - deps: send@0.3.0
+ * update type-is to 1.1.0
+   - add non-array values support
+   - add `multipart` as a shorthand
+
+4.0.0 / 2014-04-09
+==================
+
+ * remove:
+   - node 0.8 support
+   - connect and connect's patches except for charset handling
+   - express(1) - moved to [express-generator](https://github.com/expressjs/generator)
+   - `express.createServer()` - it has been deprecated for a long time. Use `express()`
+   - `app.configure` - use logic in your own app code
+   - `app.router` - is removed
+   - `req.auth` - use `basic-auth` instead
+   - `req.accepted*` - use `req.accepts*()` instead
+   - `res.location` - relative URL resolution is removed
+   - `res.charset` - include the charset in the content type when using `res.set()`
+   - all bundled middleware except `static`
+ * change:
+   - `app.route` -> `app.mountpath` when mounting an express app in another express app
+   - `json spaces` no longer enabled by default in development
+   - `req.accepts*` -> `req.accepts*s` - i.e. `req.acceptsEncoding` -> `req.acceptsEncodings`
+   - `req.params` is now an object instead of an array
+   - `res.locals` is no longer a function. It is a plain js object. Treat it as such.
+   - `res.headerSent` -> `res.headersSent` to match node.js ServerResponse object
+ * refactor:
+   - `req.accepts*` with [accepts](https://github.com/expressjs/accepts)
+   - `req.is` with [type-is](https://github.com/expressjs/type-is)
+   - [path-to-regexp](https://github.com/component/path-to-regexp)
+ * add:
+   - `app.router()` - returns the app Router instance
+   - `app.route()` - Proxy to the app's `Router#route()` method to create a new route
+   - Router & Route - public API
+
+3.21.2 / 2015-07-31
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.30.2
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.13.3
+    - deps: compression@~1.5.2
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.4.2
+    - deps: method-override@~2.3.5
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.7.2
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.6
+    - deps: vhost@~3.0.1
+  * deps: vary@~1.0.1
+    - Fix setting empty header from empty `field`
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove argument reassignments
+
+3.21.1 / 2015-07-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: basic-auth@~1.0.3
+  * deps: connect@2.30.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.13.2
+    - deps: compression@~1.5.1
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.4.1
+    - deps: morgan@~1.6.1
+    - deps: pause@0.1.0
+    - deps: qs@4.0.0
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.7.1
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.4
+
+3.21.0 / 2015-06-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: basic-auth@1.0.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: hoist regular expression
+    - perf: parse with regular expressions
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: connect@2.30.0
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.13.1
+    - deps: bytes@2.1.0
+    - deps: compression@~1.5.0
+    - deps: cookie@0.1.3
+    - deps: cookie-parser@~1.3.5
+    - deps: csurf@~1.8.3
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.4.0
+    - deps: express-session@~1.11.3
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.4.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - deps: morgan@~1.6.0
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.3.0
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.7.0
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.10.0
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.3
+  * deps: cookie@0.1.3
+    - perf: deduce the scope of try-catch deopt
+    - perf: remove argument reassignments
+  * deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+  * deps: etag@~1.7.0
+    - Always include entity length in ETags for hash length extensions
+    - Generate non-Stats ETags using MD5 only (no longer CRC32)
+    - Improve stat performance by removing hashing
+    - Improve support for JXcore
+    - Remove base64 padding in ETags to shorten
+    - Support "fake" stats objects in environments without fs
+    - Use MD5 instead of MD4 in weak ETags over 1KB
+  * deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - Add weak `ETag` matching support
+  * deps: mkdirp@0.5.1
+    - Work in global strict mode
+  * deps: send@0.13.0
+    - Allow Node.js HTTP server to set `Date` response header
+    - Fix incorrectly removing `Content-Location` on 304 response
+    - Improve the default redirect response headers
+    - Send appropriate headers on default error response
+    - Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+    - Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+    - deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+    - deps: etag@~1.7.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove unnecessary array allocations
+
+3.20.3 / 2015-05-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.29.2
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.12.4
+    - deps: compression@~1.4.4
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.6.2
+    - deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.1
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.3.6
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.3.6
+    - deps: method-override@~2.3.3
+    - deps: morgan@~1.5.3
+    - deps: qs@2.4.2
+    - deps: response-time@~2.3.1
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.2.1
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.6.4
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.9.3
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.2
+  * deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.1
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.8
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@1.0.1
+  * deps: send@0.12.3
+    - deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.6.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+
+3.20.2 / 2015-03-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.29.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.12.2
+    - deps: compression@~1.4.3
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.6.1
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.3.5
+    - deps: express-session@~1.10.4
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.3.4
+    - deps: method-override@~2.3.2
+    - deps: morgan@~1.5.2
+    - deps: qs@2.4.1
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.6.3
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.9.2
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.1
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+  * deps: merge-descriptors@1.0.0
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.7
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.9
+  * deps: send@0.12.2
+    - Throw errors early for invalid `extensions` or `index` options
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.3
+
+3.20.1 / 2015-02-28
+===================
+
+  * Fix `req.host` when using "trust proxy" hops count
+  * Fix `req.protocol`/`req.secure` when using "trust proxy" hops count
+
+3.20.0 / 2015-02-18
+===================
+
+  * Fix `"trust proxy"` setting to inherit when app is mounted
+  * Generate `ETag`s for all request responses
+    - No longer restricted to only responses for `GET` and `HEAD` requests
+  * Use `content-type` to parse `Content-Type` headers
+  * deps: connect@2.29.0
+    - Use `content-type` to parse `Content-Type` headers
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.12.0
+    - deps: compression@~1.4.1
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.6.0
+    - deps: cookie-parser@~1.3.4
+    - deps: cookie-signature@1.0.6
+    - deps: csurf@~1.7.0
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.3.4
+    - deps: express-session@~1.10.3
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.3.1
+    - deps: response-time@~2.3.0
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.6.2
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.9.1
+    - deps: type-is@~1.6.0
+  * deps: cookie-signature@1.0.6
+  * deps: send@0.12.1
+    - Always read the stat size from the file
+    - Fix mutating passed-in `options`
+    - deps: mime@1.3.4
+
+3.19.2 / 2015-02-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.28.3
+    - deps: compression@~1.3.1
+    - deps: csurf@~1.6.6
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.3.3
+    - deps: express-session@~1.10.2
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.6.1
+    - deps: type-is@~1.5.6
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.6
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.8
+
+3.19.1 / 2015-01-20
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.28.2
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.10.2
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.8.1
+  * deps: send@0.11.1
+    - Fix root path disclosure
+
+3.19.0 / 2015-01-09
+===================
+
+  * Fix `OPTIONS` responses to include the `HEAD` method property
+  * Use `readline` for prompt in `express(1)`
+  * deps: commander@2.6.0
+  * deps: connect@2.28.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.10.1
+    - deps: compression@~1.3.0
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.5.0
+    - deps: csurf@~1.6.4
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.1
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.3.2
+    - deps: express-session@~1.10.1
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.3.3
+    - deps: method-override@~2.3.1
+    - deps: morgan@~1.5.1
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.2.0
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.6.0
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.8.0
+    - deps: type-is@~1.5.5
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.1
+  * deps: methods@~1.1.1
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.5
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.6
+  * deps: send@0.11.0
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.5.1
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+
+3.18.6 / 2014-12-12
+===================
+
+  * Fix exception in `req.fresh`/`req.stale` without response headers
+
+3.18.5 / 2014-12-11
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.27.6
+    - deps: compression@~1.2.2
+    - deps: express-session@~1.9.3
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.2.8
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.5.3
+    - deps: type-is@~1.5.4
+
+3.18.4 / 2014-11-23
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.27.4
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.9.3
+    - deps: compression@~1.2.1
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.2.3
+    - deps: express-session@~1.9.2
+    - deps: qs@2.3.3
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.1.7
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.5.1
+    - deps: type-is@~1.5.3
+  * deps: etag@~1.5.1
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.4
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.5
+
+3.18.3 / 2014-11-09
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.27.3
+    - Correctly invoke async callback asynchronously
+    - deps: csurf@~1.6.3
+
+3.18.2 / 2014-10-28
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.27.2
+    - Fix handling of URLs containing `://` in the path
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.9.2
+    - deps: qs@2.3.2
+
+3.18.1 / 2014-10-22
+===================
+
+  * Fix internal `utils.merge` deprecation warnings
+  * deps: connect@2.27.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.9.1
+    - deps: express-session@~1.9.1
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.3.2
+    - deps: morgan@~1.4.1
+    - deps: qs@2.3.0
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.7.1
+  * deps: send@0.10.1
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+
+3.18.0 / 2014-10-17
+===================
+
+  * Use `content-disposition` module for `res.attachment`/`res.download`
+    - Sends standards-compliant `Content-Disposition` header
+    - Full Unicode support
+  * Use `etag` module to generate `ETag` headers
+  * deps: connect@2.27.0
+    - Use `http-errors` module for creating errors
+    - Use `utils-merge` module for merging objects
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.9.0
+    - deps: compression@~1.2.0
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.4.0
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.0
+    - deps: express-session@~1.9.0
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.3.1
+    - deps: method-override@~2.3.0
+    - deps: morgan@~1.4.0
+    - deps: response-time@~2.2.0
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.1.6
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.5.0
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.7.0
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - Implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.0
+  * deps: send@0.10.0
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.0
+    - deps: etag@~1.5.0
+
+3.17.8 / 2014-10-15
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.26.6
+    - deps: compression@~1.1.2
+    - deps: csurf@~1.6.2
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.2.2
+
+3.17.7 / 2014-10-08
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.26.5
+    - Fix accepting non-object arguments to `logger`
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.6.4
+
+3.17.6 / 2014-10-02
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.26.4
+    - deps: morgan@~1.3.2
+    - deps: type-is@~1.5.2
+
+3.17.5 / 2014-09-24
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.26.3
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.8.4
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.1.5
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.6.3
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.3
+    - Use `forwarded` npm module
+  * deps: send@0.9.3
+    - deps: etag@~1.4.0
+
+3.17.4 / 2014-09-19
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.26.2
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.8.3
+    - deps: qs@2.2.4
+
+3.17.3 / 2014-09-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: proxy-addr@~1.0.2
+    - Fix a global leak when multiple subnets are trusted
+    - deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.3
+
+3.17.2 / 2014-09-15
+===================
+
+  * Use `crc` instead of `buffer-crc32` for speed
+  * deps: connect@2.26.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.8.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.5
+    - deps: express-session@~1.8.2
+    - deps: morgan@~1.3.1
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.1.3
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.6.2
+  * deps: depd@0.4.5
+  * deps: send@0.9.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.5
+    - deps: etag@~1.3.1
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.0.2
+
+3.17.1 / 2014-09-08
+===================
+
+  * Fix error in `req.subdomains` on empty host
+
+3.17.0 / 2014-09-08
+===================
+
+  * Support `X-Forwarded-Host` in `req.subdomains`
+  * Support IP address host in `req.subdomains`
+  * deps: connect@2.26.0
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.8.1
+    - deps: compression@~1.1.0
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.3.0
+    - deps: cookie-parser@~1.3.3
+    - deps: cookie-signature@1.0.5
+    - deps: csurf@~1.6.1
+    - deps: debug@~2.0.0
+    - deps: errorhandler@~1.2.0
+    - deps: express-session@~1.8.1
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.2.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.2.4
+    - deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+    - deps: method-override@~2.2.0
+    - deps: morgan@~1.3.0
+    - deps: qs@2.2.3
+    - deps: serve-favicon@~2.1.3
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.2.1
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.6.1
+    - deps: type-is@~1.5.1
+    - deps: vhost@~3.0.0
+  * deps: cookie-signature@1.0.5
+  * deps: debug@~2.0.0
+  * deps: fresh@0.2.4
+  * deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+    - Throw error when parameter format invalid on parse
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.0.2
+  * deps: send@0.9.1
+    - Add `lastModified` option
+    - Use `etag` to generate `ETag` header
+    - deps: debug@~2.0.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.2.4
+  * deps: vary@~1.0.0
+    - Accept valid `Vary` header string as `field`
+
+3.16.10 / 2014-09-04
+====================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.10
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.5.4
+  * deps: send@0.8.5
+    - Fix a path traversal issue when using `root`
+    - Fix malicious path detection for empty string path
+
+3.16.9 / 2014-08-29
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.9
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.7
+    - deps: qs@2.2.2
+
+3.16.8 / 2014-08-27
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.8
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.6
+    - deps: csurf@~1.4.1
+    - deps: qs@2.2.0
+
+3.16.7 / 2014-08-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.7
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.5
+    - deps: express-session@~1.7.6
+    - deps: morgan@~1.2.3
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.5.3
+  * deps: send@0.8.3
+    - deps: destroy@1.0.3
+    - deps: on-finished@2.1.0
+
+3.16.6 / 2014-08-14
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.6
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.4
+    - deps: qs@1.2.2
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.5.2
+  * deps: send@0.8.2
+    - Work around `fd` leak in Node.js 0.10 for `fs.ReadStream`
+
+3.16.5 / 2014-08-11
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.5
+    - Fix backwards compatibility in `logger`
+
+3.16.4 / 2014-08-10
+===================
+
+  * Fix original URL parsing in `res.location`
+  * deps: connect@2.25.4
+    - Fix `query` middleware breaking with argument
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.3
+    - deps: compression@~1.0.11
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.2.2
+    - deps: express-session@~1.7.5
+    - deps: method-override@~2.1.3
+    - deps: on-headers@~1.0.0
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.3.0
+    - deps: qs@1.2.1
+    - deps: response-time@~2.0.1
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.1.6
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.5.1
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.0
+
+3.16.3 / 2014-08-07
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.3
+    - deps: multiparty@3.3.2
+
+3.16.2 / 2014-08-07
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.2
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.2
+    - deps: qs@1.2.0
+
+3.16.1 / 2014-08-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.1
+    - deps: qs@1.1.0
+
+3.16.0 / 2014-08-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.25.0
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.6.0
+    - deps: compression@~1.0.10
+    - deps: csurf@~1.4.0
+    - deps: express-session@~1.7.4
+    - deps: qs@1.0.2
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.5.0
+  * deps: send@0.8.1
+    - Add `extensions` option
+
+3.15.3 / 2014-08-04
+===================
+
+  * fix `res.sendfile` regression for serving directory index files
+  * deps: connect@2.24.3
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.1.5
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.4.4
+  * deps: send@0.7.4
+    - Fix incorrect 403 on Windows and Node.js 0.11
+    - Fix serving index files without root dir
+
+3.15.2 / 2014-07-27
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.24.2
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.5.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.4
+    - deps: express-session@~1.7.2
+    - deps: morgan@~1.2.2
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.4.2
+  * deps: depd@0.4.4
+    - Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
+  * deps: send@0.7.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.4
+
+3.15.1 / 2014-07-26
+===================
+
+  * deps: connect@2.24.1
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.5.1
+    - deps: depd@0.4.3
+    - deps: express-session@~1.7.1
+    - deps: morgan@~1.2.1
+    - deps: serve-index@~1.1.4
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.4.1
+  * deps: depd@0.4.3
+    - Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
+  * deps: send@0.7.1
+    - deps: depd@0.4.3
+
+3.15.0 / 2014-07-22
+===================
+
+  * Fix `req.protocol` for proxy-direct connections
+  * Pass options from `res.sendfile` to `send`
+  * deps: connect@2.24.0
+    - deps: body-parser@~1.5.0
+    - deps: compression@~1.0.9
+    - deps: connect-timeout@~1.2.1
+    - deps: debug@1.0.4
+    - deps: depd@0.4.2
+    - deps: express-session@~1.7.0
+    - deps: finalhandler@0.1.0
+    - deps: method-override@~2.1.2
+    - deps: morgan@~1.2.0
+    - deps: multiparty@3.3.1
+    - deps: parseurl@~1.2.0
+    - deps: serve-static@~1.4.0
+  * deps: debug@1.0.4
+  * deps: depd@0.4.2
+    - Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+    - Remove non-standard grey color from color output
+    - Support `--no-deprecation` argument
+    - Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.2.0
+    - Cache URLs based on original value
+    - Remove no-longer-needed URL mis-parse work-around
+    - Simplify the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+  * deps: send@0.7.0
+    - Add `dotfiles` option
+    - Cap `maxAge` value to 1 year
+    - deps: debug@1.0.4
+    - deps: depd@0.4.2
+
+3.14.0 / 2014-07-11
+===================
+
+ * add explicit "Rosetta Flash JSONP abuse" protection
+   - previous versions are not vulnerable; this is just explicit protection
+ * deprecate `res.redirect(url, status)` -- use `res.redirect(status, url)` instead
+ * fix `res.send(status, num)` to send `num` as json (not error)
+ * remove unnecessary escaping when `res.jsonp` returns JSON response
+ * deps: basic-auth@1.0.0
+   - support empty password
+   - support empty username
+ * deps: connect@2.23.0
+   - deps: debug@1.0.3
+   - deps: express-session@~1.6.4
+   - deps: method-override@~2.1.0
+   - deps: parseurl@~1.1.3
+   - deps: serve-static@~1.3.1
+  * deps: debug@1.0.3
+    - Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces
+  * deps: methods@1.1.0
+    - add `CONNECT`
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.1.3
+    - faster parsing of href-only URLs
+
+3.13.0 / 2014-07-03
+===================
+
+ * add deprecation message to `app.configure`
+ * add deprecation message to `req.auth`
+ * use `basic-auth` to parse `Authorization` header
+ * deps: connect@2.22.0
+   - deps: csurf@~1.3.0
+   - deps: express-session@~1.6.1
+   - deps: multiparty@3.3.0
+   - deps: serve-static@~1.3.0
+ * deps: send@0.5.0
+   - Accept string for `maxage` (converted by `ms`)
+   - Include link in default redirect response
+
+3.12.1 / 2014-06-26
+===================
+
+ * deps: connect@2.21.1
+   - deps: cookie-parser@1.3.2
+   - deps: cookie-signature@1.0.4
+   - deps: express-session@~1.5.2
+   - deps: type-is@~1.3.2
+ * deps: cookie-signature@1.0.4
+   - fix for timing attacks
+
+3.12.0 / 2014-06-21
+===================
+
+ * use `media-typer` to alter content-type charset
+ * deps: connect@2.21.0
+   - deprecate `connect(middleware)` -- use `app.use(middleware)` instead
+   - deprecate `connect.createServer()` -- use `connect()` instead
+   - fix `res.setHeader()` patch to work with with get -> append -> set pattern
+   - deps: compression@~1.0.8
+   - deps: errorhandler@~1.1.1
+   - deps: express-session@~1.5.0
+   - deps: serve-index@~1.1.3
+
+3.11.0 / 2014-06-19
+===================
+
+ * deprecate things with `depd` module
+ * deps: buffer-crc32@0.2.3
+ * deps: connect@2.20.2
+   - deprecate `verify` option to `json` -- use `body-parser` npm module instead
+   - deprecate `verify` option to `urlencoded` -- use `body-parser` npm module instead
+   - deprecate things with `depd` module
+   - use `finalhandler` for final response handling
+   - use `media-typer` to parse `content-type` for charset
+   - deps: body-parser@1.4.3
+   - deps: connect-timeout@1.1.1
+   - deps: cookie-parser@1.3.1
+   - deps: csurf@1.2.2
+   - deps: errorhandler@1.1.0
+   - deps: express-session@1.4.0
+   - deps: multiparty@3.2.9
+   - deps: serve-index@1.1.2
+   - deps: type-is@1.3.1
+   - deps: vhost@2.0.0
+
+3.10.5 / 2014-06-11
+===================
+
+ * deps: connect@2.19.6
+   - deps: body-parser@1.3.1
+   - deps: compression@1.0.7
+   - deps: debug@1.0.2
+   - deps: serve-index@1.1.1
+   - deps: serve-static@1.2.3
+ * deps: debug@1.0.2
+ * deps: send@0.4.3
+   - Do not throw uncatchable error on file open race condition
+   - Use `escape-html` for HTML escaping
+   - deps: debug@1.0.2
+   - deps: finished@1.2.2
+   - deps: fresh@0.2.2
+
+3.10.4 / 2014-06-09
+===================
+
+ * deps: connect@2.19.5
+   - fix "event emitter leak" warnings
+   - deps: csurf@1.2.1
+   - deps: debug@1.0.1
+   - deps: serve-static@1.2.2
+   - deps: type-is@1.2.1
+ * deps: debug@1.0.1
+ * deps: send@0.4.2
+   - fix "event emitter leak" warnings
+   - deps: finished@1.2.1
+   - deps: debug@1.0.1
+
+3.10.3 / 2014-06-05
+===================
+
+ * use `vary` module for `res.vary`
+ * deps: connect@2.19.4
+   - deps: errorhandler@1.0.2
+   - deps: method-override@2.0.2
+   - deps: serve-favicon@2.0.1
+ * deps: debug@1.0.0
+
+3.10.2 / 2014-06-03
+===================
+
+ * deps: connect@2.19.3
+   - deps: compression@1.0.6
+
+3.10.1 / 2014-06-03
+===================
+
+ * deps: connect@2.19.2
+   - deps: compression@1.0.4
+ * deps: proxy-addr@1.0.1
+
+3.10.0 / 2014-06-02
+===================
+
+ * deps: connect@2.19.1
+   - deprecate `methodOverride()` -- use `method-override` npm module instead
+   - deps: body-parser@1.3.0
+   - deps: method-override@2.0.1
+   - deps: multiparty@3.2.8
+   - deps: response-time@2.0.0
+   - deps: serve-static@1.2.1
+ * deps: methods@1.0.1
+ * deps: send@0.4.1
+   - Send `max-age` in `Cache-Control` in correct format
+
+3.9.0 / 2014-05-30
+==================
+
+ * custom etag control with `app.set('etag', val)`
+   - `app.set('etag', function(body, encoding){ return '"etag"' })` custom etag generation
+   - `app.set('etag', 'weak')` weak tag
+   - `app.set('etag', 'strong')` strong etag
+   - `app.set('etag', false)` turn off
+   - `app.set('etag', true)` standard etag
+ * Include ETag in HEAD requests
+ * mark `res.send` ETag as weak and reduce collisions
+ * update connect to 2.18.0
+   - deps: compression@1.0.3
+   - deps: serve-index@1.1.0
+   - deps: serve-static@1.2.0
+ * update send to 0.4.0
+   - Calculate ETag with md5 for reduced collisions
+   - Ignore stream errors after request ends
+   - deps: debug@0.8.1
+
+3.8.1 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+ * update connect to 2.17.3
+   - deps: body-parser@1.2.2
+   - deps: express-session@1.2.1
+   - deps: method-override@1.0.2
+
+3.8.0 / 2014-05-21
+==================
+
+ * keep previous `Content-Type` for `res.jsonp`
+ * set proper `charset` in `Content-Type` for `res.send`
+ * update connect to 2.17.1
+   - fix `res.charset` appending charset when `content-type` has one
+   - deps: express-session@1.2.0
+   - deps: morgan@1.1.1
+   - deps: serve-index@1.0.3
+
+3.7.0 / 2014-05-18
+==================
+
+ * proper proxy trust with `app.set('trust proxy', trust)`
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', 1)` trust first hop
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback')` trust loopback addresses
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', '10.0.0.1')` trust single IP
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', '10.0.0.1/16')` trust subnet
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', '10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2')` trust list
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', false)` turn off
+   - `app.set('trust proxy', true)` trust everything
+ * update connect to 2.16.2
+   - deprecate `res.headerSent` -- use `res.headersSent`
+   - deprecate `res.on("header")` -- use on-headers module instead
+   - fix edge-case in `res.appendHeader` that would append in wrong order
+   - json: use body-parser
+   - urlencoded: use body-parser
+   - dep: bytes@1.0.0
+   - dep: cookie-parser@1.1.0
+   - dep: csurf@1.2.0
+   - dep: express-session@1.1.0
+   - dep: method-override@1.0.1
+
+3.6.0 / 2014-05-09
+==================
+
+ * deprecate `app.del()` -- use `app.delete()` instead
+ * deprecate `res.json(obj, status)` -- use `res.json(status, obj)` instead
+   - the edge-case `res.json(status, num)` requires `res.status(status).json(num)`
+ * deprecate `res.jsonp(obj, status)` -- use `res.jsonp(status, obj)` instead
+   - the edge-case `res.jsonp(status, num)` requires `res.status(status).jsonp(num)`
+ * support PURGE method
+   - add `app.purge`
+   - add `router.purge`
+   - include PURGE in `app.all`
+ * update connect to 2.15.0
+   * Add `res.appendHeader`
+   * Call error stack even when response has been sent
+   * Patch `res.headerSent` to return Boolean
+   * Patch `res.headersSent` for node.js 0.8
+   * Prevent default 404 handler after response sent
+   * dep: compression@1.0.2
+   * dep: connect-timeout@1.1.0
+   * dep: debug@^0.8.0
+   * dep: errorhandler@1.0.1
+   * dep: express-session@1.0.4
+   * dep: morgan@1.0.1
+   * dep: serve-favicon@2.0.0
+   * dep: serve-index@1.0.2
+ * update debug to 0.8.0
+   * add `enable()` method
+   * change from stderr to stdout
+ * update methods to 1.0.0
+   - add PURGE
+ * update mkdirp to 0.5.0
+
+3.5.3 / 2014-05-08
+==================
+
+ * fix `req.host` for IPv6 literals
+ * fix `res.jsonp` error if callback param is object
+
+3.5.2 / 2014-04-24
+==================
+
+ * update connect to 2.14.5
+ * update cookie to 0.1.2
+ * update mkdirp to 0.4.0
+ * update send to 0.3.0
+
+3.5.1 / 2014-03-25
+==================
+
+ * pin less-middleware in generated app
+
+3.5.0 / 2014-03-06
+==================
+
+ * bump deps
+
+3.4.8 / 2014-01-13
+==================
+
+ * prevent incorrect automatic OPTIONS responses #1868 @dpatti
+ * update binary and examples for jade 1.0 #1876 @yossi, #1877 @reqshark, #1892 @matheusazzi
+ * throw 400 in case of malformed paths @rlidwka
+
+3.4.7 / 2013-12-10
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.4.6 / 2013-12-01
+==================
+
+ * update connect (raw-body)
+
+3.4.5 / 2013-11-27
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * res.location: remove leading ./ #1802 @kapouer
+ * res.redirect: fix `res.redirect('toString') #1829 @michaelficarra
+ * res.send: always send ETag when content-length > 0
+ * router: add Router.all() method
+
+3.4.4 / 2013-10-29
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * update supertest
+ * update methods
+ * express(1): replace bodyParser() with urlencoded() and json() #1795 @chirag04
+
+3.4.3 / 2013-10-23
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.4.2 / 2013-10-18
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * downgrade commander
+
+3.4.1 / 2013-10-15
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * update commander
+ * jsonp: check if callback is a function
+ * router: wrap encodeURIComponent in a try/catch #1735 (@lxe)
+ * res.format: now includes charset @1747 (@sorribas)
+ * res.links: allow multiple calls @1746 (@sorribas)
+
+3.4.0 / 2013-09-07
+==================
+
+ * add res.vary(). Closes #1682
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.8 / 2013-09-02
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.7 / 2013-08-28
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.6 / 2013-08-27
+==================
+
+ * Revert "remove charset from json responses. Closes #1631" (causes issues in some clients)
+ * add: req.accepts take an argument list
+
+3.3.4 / 2013-07-08
+==================
+
+ * update send and connect
+
+3.3.3 / 2013-07-04
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.2 / 2013-07-03
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * update send
+ * remove .version export
+
+3.3.1 / 2013-06-27
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.0 / 2013-06-26
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * add support for multiple X-Forwarded-Proto values. Closes #1646
+ * change: remove charset from json responses. Closes #1631
+ * change: return actual booleans from req.accept* functions
+ * fix jsonp callback array throw
+
+3.2.6 / 2013-06-02
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.2.5 / 2013-05-21
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * update node-cookie
+ * add: throw a meaningful error when there is no default engine
+ * change generation of ETags with res.send() to GET requests only. Closes #1619
+
+3.2.4 / 2013-05-09
+==================
+
+  * fix `req.subdomains` when no Host is present
+  * fix `req.host` when no Host is present, return undefined
+
+3.2.3 / 2013-05-07
+==================
+
+  * update connect / qs
+
+3.2.2 / 2013-05-03
+==================
+
+  * update qs
+
+3.2.1 / 2013-04-29
+==================
+
+  * add app.VERB() paths array deprecation warning
+  * update connect
+  * update qs and remove all ~ semver crap
+  * fix: accept number as value of Signed Cookie
+
+3.2.0 / 2013-04-15
+==================
+
+  * add "view" constructor setting to override view behaviour
+  * add req.acceptsEncoding(name)
+  * add req.acceptedEncodings
+  * revert cookie signature change causing session race conditions
+  * fix sorting of Accept values of the same quality
+
+3.1.2 / 2013-04-12
+==================
+
+  * add support for custom Accept parameters
+  * update cookie-signature
+
+3.1.1 / 2013-04-01
+==================
+
+  * add X-Forwarded-Host support to `req.host`
+  * fix relative redirects
+  * update mkdirp
+  * update buffer-crc32
+  * remove legacy app.configure() method from app template.
+
+3.1.0 / 2013-01-25
+==================
+
+  * add support for leading "." in "view engine" setting
+  * add array support to `res.set()`
+  * add node 0.8.x to travis.yml
+  * add "subdomain offset" setting for tweaking `req.subdomains`
+  * add `res.location(url)` implementing `res.redirect()`-like setting of Location
+  * use app.get() for x-powered-by setting for inheritance
+  * fix colons in passwords for `req.auth`
+
+3.0.6 / 2013-01-04
+==================
+
+  * add http verb methods to Router
+  * update connect
+  * fix mangling of the `res.cookie()` options object
+  * fix jsonp whitespace escape. Closes #1132
+
+3.0.5 / 2012-12-19
+==================
+
+  * add throwing when a non-function is passed to a route
+  * fix: explicitly remove Transfer-Encoding header from 204 and 304 responses
+  * revert "add 'etag' option"
+
+3.0.4 / 2012-12-05
+==================
+
+  * add 'etag' option to disable `res.send()` Etags
+  * add escaping of urls in text/plain in `res.redirect()`
+    for old browsers interpreting as html
+  * change crc32 module for a more liberal license
+  * update connect
+
+3.0.3 / 2012-11-13
+==================
+
+  * update connect
+  * update cookie module
+  * fix cookie max-age
+
+3.0.2 / 2012-11-08
+==================
+
+  * add OPTIONS to cors example. Closes #1398
+  * fix route chaining regression. Closes #1397
+
+3.0.1 / 2012-11-01
+==================
+
+  * update connect
+
+3.0.0 / 2012-10-23
+==================
+
+  * add `make clean`
+  * add "Basic" check to req.auth
+  * add `req.auth` test coverage
+  * add cb && cb(payload) to `res.jsonp()`. Closes #1374
+  * add backwards compat for `res.redirect()` status. Closes #1336
+  * add support for `res.json()` to retain previously defined Content-Types. Closes #1349
+  * update connect
+  * change `res.redirect()` to utilize a pathname-relative Location again. Closes #1382
+  * remove non-primitive string support for `res.send()`
+  * fix view-locals example. Closes #1370
+  * fix route-separation example
+
+3.0.0rc5 / 2012-09-18
+==================
+
+  * update connect
+  * add redis search example
+  * add static-files example
+  * add "x-powered-by" setting (`app.disable('x-powered-by')`)
+  * add "application/octet-stream" redirect Accept test case. Closes #1317
+
+3.0.0rc4 / 2012-08-30
+==================
+
+  * add `res.jsonp()`. Closes #1307
+  * add "verbose errors" option to error-pages example
+  * add another route example to express(1) so people are not so confused
+  * add redis online user activity tracking example
+  * update connect dep
+  * fix etag quoting. Closes #1310
+  * fix error-pages 404 status
+  * fix jsonp callback char restrictions
+  * remove old OPTIONS default response
+
+3.0.0rc3 / 2012-08-13
+==================
+
+  * update connect dep
+  * fix signed cookies to work with `connect.cookieParser()` ("s:" prefix was missing) [tnydwrds]
+  * fix `res.render()` clobbering of "locals"
+
+3.0.0rc2 / 2012-08-03
+==================
+
+  * add CORS example
+  * update connect dep
+  * deprecate `.createServer()` & remove old stale examples
+  * fix: escape `res.redirect()` link
+  * fix vhost example
+
+3.0.0rc1 / 2012-07-24
+==================
+
+  * add more examples to view-locals
+  * add scheme-relative redirects (`res.redirect("//foo.com")`) support
+  * update cookie dep
+  * update connect dep
+  * update send dep
+  * fix `express(1)` -h flag, use -H for hogan. Closes #1245
+  * fix `res.sendfile()` socket error handling regression
+
+3.0.0beta7 / 2012-07-16
+==================
+
+  * update connect dep for `send()` root normalization regression
+
+3.0.0beta6 / 2012-07-13
+==================
+
+  * add `err.view` property for view errors. Closes #1226
+  * add "jsonp callback name" setting
+  * add support for "/foo/:bar*" non-greedy matches
+  * change `res.sendfile()` to use `send()` module
+  * change `res.send` to use "response-send" module
+  * remove `app.locals.use` and `res.locals.use`, use regular middleware
+
+3.0.0beta5 / 2012-07-03
+==================
+
+  * add "make check" support
+  * add route-map example
+  * add `res.json(obj, status)` support back for BC
+  * add "methods" dep, remove internal methods module
+  * update connect dep
+  * update auth example to utilize cores pbkdf2
+  * updated tests to use "supertest"
+
+3.0.0beta4 / 2012-06-25
+==================
+
+  * Added `req.auth`
+  * Added `req.range(size)`
+  * Added `res.links(obj)`
+  * Added `res.send(body, status)` support back for backwards compat
+  * Added `.default()` support to `res.format()`
+  * Added 2xx / 304 check to `req.fresh`
+  * Revert "Added + support to the router"
+  * Fixed `res.send()` freshness check, respect res.statusCode
+
+3.0.0beta3 / 2012-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Added hogan `--hjs` to express(1) [nullfirm]
+  * Added another example to content-negotiation
+  * Added `fresh` dep
+  * Changed: `res.send()` always checks freshness
+  * Fixed: expose connects mime module. Closes #1165
+
+3.0.0beta2 / 2012-06-06
+==================
+
+  * Added `+` support to the router
+  * Added `req.host`
+  * Changed `req.param()` to check route first
+  * Update connect dep
+
+3.0.0beta1 / 2012-06-01
+==================
+
+  * Added `res.format()` callback to override default 406 behaviour
+  * Fixed `res.redirect()` 406. Closes #1154
+
+3.0.0alpha5 / 2012-05-30
+==================
+
+  * Added `req.ip`
+  * Added `{ signed: true }` option to `res.cookie()`
+  * Removed `res.signedCookie()`
+  * Changed: dont reverse `req.ips`
+  * Fixed "trust proxy" setting check for `req.ips`
+
+3.0.0alpha4 / 2012-05-09
+==================
+
+  * Added: allow `[]` in jsonp callback. Closes #1128
+  * Added `PORT` env var support in generated template. Closes #1118 [benatkin]
+  * Updated: connect 2.2.2
+
+3.0.0alpha3 / 2012-05-04
+==================
+
+  * Added public `app.routes`. Closes #887
+  * Added _view-locals_ example
+  * Added _mvc_ example
+  * Added `res.locals.use()`. Closes #1120
+  * Added conditional-GET support to `res.send()`
+  * Added: coerce `res.set()` values to strings
+  * Changed: moved `static()` in generated apps below router
+  * Changed: `res.send()` only set ETag when not previously set
+  * Changed connect 2.2.1 dep
+  * Changed: `make test` now runs unit / acceptance tests
+  * Fixed req/res proto inheritance
+
+3.0.0alpha2 / 2012-04-26
+==================
+
+  * Added `make benchmark` back
+  * Added `res.send()` support for `String` objects
+  * Added client-side data exposing example
+  * Added `res.header()` and `req.header()` aliases for BC
+  * Added `express.createServer()` for BC
+  * Perf: memoize parsed urls
+  * Perf: connect 2.2.0 dep
+  * Changed: make `expressInit()` middleware self-aware
+  * Fixed: use app.get() for all core settings
+  * Fixed redis session example
+  * Fixed session example. Closes #1105
+  * Fixed generated express dep. Closes #1078
+
+3.0.0alpha1 / 2012-04-15
+==================
+
+  * Added `app.locals.use(callback)`
+  * Added `app.locals` object
+  * Added `app.locals(obj)`
+  * Added `res.locals` object
+  * Added `res.locals(obj)`
+  * Added `res.format()` for content-negotiation
+  * Added `app.engine()`
+  * Added `res.cookie()` JSON cookie support
+  * Added "trust proxy" setting
+  * Added `req.subdomains`
+  * Added `req.protocol`
+  * Added `req.secure`
+  * Added `req.path`
+  * Added `req.ips`
+  * Added `req.fresh`
+  * Added `req.stale`
+  * Added comma-delimited / array support for `req.accepts()`
+  * Added debug instrumentation
+  * Added `res.set(obj)`
+  * Added `res.set(field, value)`
+  * Added `res.get(field)`
+  * Added `app.get(setting)`. Closes #842
+  * Added `req.acceptsLanguage()`
+  * Added `req.acceptsCharset()`
+  * Added `req.accepted`
+  * Added `req.acceptedLanguages`
+  * Added `req.acceptedCharsets`
+  * Added "json replacer" setting
+  * Added "json spaces" setting
+  * Added X-Forwarded-Proto support to `res.redirect()`. Closes #92
+  * Added `--less` support to express(1)
+  * Added `express.response` prototype
+  * Added `express.request` prototype
+  * Added `express.application` prototype
+  * Added `app.path()`
+  * Added `app.render()`
+  * Added `res.type()` to replace `res.contentType()`
+  * Changed: `res.redirect()` to add relative support
+  * Changed: enable "jsonp callback" by default
+  * Changed: renamed "case sensitive routes" to "case sensitive routing"
+  * Rewrite of all tests with mocha
+  * Removed "root" setting
+  * Removed `res.redirect('home')` support
+  * Removed `req.notify()`
+  * Removed `app.register()`
+  * Removed `app.redirect()`
+  * Removed `app.is()`
+  * Removed `app.helpers()`
+  * Removed `app.dynamicHelpers()`
+  * Fixed `res.sendfile()` with non-GET. Closes #723
+  * Fixed express(1) public dir for windows. Closes #866
+
+2.5.9/ 2012-04-02
+==================
+
+  * Added support for PURGE request method [pbuyle]
+  * Fixed `express(1)` generated app `app.address()` before `listening` [mmalecki]
+
+2.5.8 / 2012-02-08
+==================
+
+  * Update mkdirp dep. Closes #991
+
+2.5.7 / 2012-02-06
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `app.all` duplicate DELETE requests [mscdex]
+
+2.5.6 / 2012-01-13
+==================
+
+  * Updated hamljs dev dep. Closes #953
+
+2.5.5 / 2012-01-08
+==================
+
+  * Fixed: set `filename` on cached templates [matthewleon]
+
+2.5.4 / 2012-01-02
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `express(1)` eol on 0.4.x. Closes #947
+
+2.5.3 / 2011-12-30
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `req.is()` when a charset is present
+
+2.5.2 / 2011-12-10
+==================
+
+  * Fixed: express(1) LF -> CRLF for windows
+
+2.5.1 / 2011-11-17
+==================
+
+  * Changed: updated connect to 1.8.x
+  * Removed sass.js support from express(1)
+
+2.5.0 / 2011-10-24
+==================
+
+  * Added ./routes dir for generated app by default
+  * Added npm install reminder to express(1) app gen
+  * Added 0.5.x support
+  * Removed `make test-cov` since it wont work with node 0.5.x
+  * Fixed express(1) public dir for windows. Closes #866
+
+2.4.7 / 2011-10-05
+==================
+
+  * Added mkdirp to express(1). Closes #795
+  * Added simple _json-config_ example
+  * Added  shorthand for the parsed request's pathname via `req.path`
+  * Changed connect dep to 1.7.x to fix npm issue...
+  * Fixed `res.redirect()` __HEAD__ support. [reported by xerox]
+  * Fixed `req.flash()`, only escape args
+  * Fixed absolute path checking on windows. Closes #829 [reported by andrewpmckenzie]
+
+2.4.6 / 2011-08-22
+==================
+
+  * Fixed multiple param callback regression. Closes #824 [reported by TroyGoode]
+
+2.4.5 / 2011-08-19
+==================
+
+  * Added support for routes to handle errors. Closes #809
+  * Added `app.routes.all()`. Closes #803
+  * Added "basepath" setting to work in conjunction with reverse proxies etc.
+  * Refactored `Route` to use a single array of callbacks
+  * Added support for multiple callbacks for `app.param()`. Closes #801
+Closes #805
+  * Changed: removed .call(self) for route callbacks
+  * Dependency: `qs >= 0.3.1`
+  * Fixed `res.redirect()` on windows due to `join()` usage. Closes #808
+
+2.4.4 / 2011-08-05
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `res.header()` intention of a set, even when `undefined`
+  * Fixed `*`, value no longer required
+  * Fixed `res.send(204)` support. Closes #771
+
+2.4.3 / 2011-07-14
+==================
+
+  * Added docs for `status` option special-case. Closes #739
+  * Fixed `options.filename`, exposing the view path to template engines
+
+2.4.2. / 2011-07-06
+==================
+
+  * Revert "removed jsonp stripping" for XSS
+
+2.4.1 / 2011-07-06
+==================
+
+  * Added `res.json()` JSONP support. Closes #737
+  * Added _extending-templates_ example. Closes #730
+  * Added "strict routing" setting for trailing slashes
+  * Added support for multiple envs in `app.configure()` calls. Closes #735
+  * Changed: `res.send()` using `res.json()`
+  * Changed: when cookie `path === null` don't default it
+  * Changed; default cookie path to "home" setting. Closes #731
+  * Removed _pids/logs_ creation from express(1)
+
+2.4.0 / 2011-06-28
+==================
+
+  * Added chainable `res.status(code)`
+  * Added `res.json()`, an explicit version of `res.send(obj)`
+  * Added simple web-service example
+
+2.3.12 / 2011-06-22
+==================
+
+  * \#express is now on freenode! come join!
+  * Added `req.get(field, param)`
+  * Added links to Japanese documentation, thanks @hideyukisaito!
+  * Added; the `express(1)` generated app outputs the env
+  * Added `content-negotiation` example
+  * Dependency: connect >= 1.5.1 < 2.0.0
+  * Fixed view layout bug. Closes #720
+  * Fixed; ignore body on 304. Closes #701
+
+2.3.11 / 2011-06-04
+==================
+
+  * Added `npm test`
+  * Removed generation of dummy test file from `express(1)`
+  * Fixed; `express(1)` adds express as a dep
+  * Fixed; prune on `prepublish`
+
+2.3.10 / 2011-05-27
+==================
+
+  * Added `req.route`, exposing the current route
+  * Added _package.json_ generation support to `express(1)`
+  * Fixed call to `app.param()` function for optional params. Closes #682
+
+2.3.9 / 2011-05-25
+==================
+
+  * Fixed bug-ish with `../' in `res.partial()` calls
+
+2.3.8 / 2011-05-24
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `app.options()`
+
+2.3.7 / 2011-05-23
+==================
+
+  * Added route `Collection`, ex: `app.get('/user/:id').remove();`
+  * Added support for `app.param(fn)` to define param logic
+  * Removed `app.param()` support for callback with return value
+  * Removed module.parent check from express(1) generated app. Closes #670
+  * Refactored router. Closes #639
+
+2.3.6 / 2011-05-20
+==================
+
+  * Changed; using devDependencies instead of git submodules
+  * Fixed redis session example
+  * Fixed markdown example
+  * Fixed view caching, should not be enabled in development
+
+2.3.5 / 2011-05-20
+==================
+
+  * Added export `.view` as alias for `.View`
+
+2.3.4 / 2011-05-08
+==================
+
+  * Added `./examples/say`
+  * Fixed `res.sendfile()` bug preventing the transfer of files with spaces
+
+2.3.3 / 2011-05-03
+==================
+
+  * Added "case sensitive routes" option.
+  * Changed; split methods supported per rfc [slaskis]
+  * Fixed route-specific middleware when using the same callback function several times
+
+2.3.2 / 2011-04-27
+==================
+
+  * Fixed view hints
+
+2.3.1 / 2011-04-26
+==================
+
+  * Added `app.match()` as `app.match.all()`
+  * Added `app.lookup()` as `app.lookup.all()`
+  * Added `app.remove()` for `app.remove.all()`
+  * Added `app.remove.VERB()`
+  * Fixed template caching collision issue. Closes #644
+  * Moved router over from connect and started refactor
+
+2.3.0 / 2011-04-25
+==================
+
+  * Added options support to `res.clearCookie()`
+  * Added `res.helpers()` as alias of `res.locals()`
+  * Added; json defaults to UTF-8 with `res.send()`. Closes #632. [Daniel   * Dependency `connect >= 1.4.0`
+  * Changed; auto set Content-Type in res.attachement [Aaron Heckmann]
+  * Renamed "cache views" to "view cache". Closes #628
+  * Fixed caching of views when using several apps. Closes #637
+  * Fixed gotcha invoking `app.param()` callbacks once per route middleware.
+Closes #638
+  * Fixed partial lookup precedence. Closes #631
+Shaw]
+
+2.2.2 / 2011-04-12
+==================
+
+  * Added second callback support for `res.download()` connection errors
+  * Fixed `filename` option passing to template engine
+
+2.2.1 / 2011-04-04
+==================
+
+  * Added `layout(path)` helper to change the layout within a view. Closes #610
+  * Fixed `partial()` collection object support.
+    Previously only anything with `.length` would work.
+    When `.length` is present one must still be aware of holes,
+    however now `{ collection: {foo: 'bar'}}` is valid, exposes
+    `keyInCollection` and `keysInCollection`.
+
+  * Performance improved with better view caching
+  * Removed `request` and `response` locals
+  * Changed; errorHandler page title is now `Express` instead of `Connect`
+
+2.2.0 / 2011-03-30
+==================
+
+  * Added `app.lookup.VERB()`, ex `app.lookup.put('/user/:id')`. Closes #606
+  * Added `app.match.VERB()`, ex `app.match.put('/user/12')`. Closes #606
+  * Added `app.VERB(path)` as alias of `app.lookup.VERB()`.
+  * Dependency `connect >= 1.2.0`
+
+2.1.1 / 2011-03-29
+==================
+
+  * Added; expose `err.view` object when failing to locate a view
+  * Fixed `res.partial()` call `next(err)` when no callback is given [reported by aheckmann]
+  * Fixed; `res.send(undefined)` responds with 204 [aheckmann]
+
+2.1.0 / 2011-03-24
+==================
+
+  * Added `<root>/_?<name>` partial lookup support. Closes #447
+  * Added `request`, `response`, and `app` local variables
+  * Added `settings` local variable, containing the app's settings
+  * Added `req.flash()` exception if `req.session` is not available
+  * Added `res.send(bool)` support (json response)
+  * Fixed stylus example for latest version
+  * Fixed; wrap try/catch around `res.render()`
+
+2.0.0 / 2011-03-17
+==================
+
+  * Fixed up index view path alternative.
+  * Changed; `res.locals()` without object returns the locals
+
+2.0.0rc3 / 2011-03-17
+==================
+
+  * Added `res.locals(obj)` to compliment `res.local(key, val)`
+  * Added `res.partial()` callback support
+  * Fixed recursive error reporting issue in `res.render()`
+
+2.0.0rc2 / 2011-03-17
+==================
+
+  * Changed; `partial()` "locals" are now optional
+  * Fixed `SlowBuffer` support. Closes #584 [reported by tyrda01]
+  * Fixed .filename view engine option [reported by drudge]
+  * Fixed blog example
+  * Fixed `{req,res}.app` reference when mounting [Ben Weaver]
+
+2.0.0rc / 2011-03-14
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; expose `HTTPSServer` constructor
+  * Fixed express(1) default test charset. Closes #579 [reported by secoif]
+  * Fixed; default charset to utf-8 instead of utf8 for lame IE [reported by NickP]
+
+2.0.0beta3 / 2011-03-09
+==================
+
+  * Added support for `res.contentType()` literal
+    The original `res.contentType('.json')`,
+    `res.contentType('application/json')`, and `res.contentType('json')`
+    will work now.
+  * Added `res.render()` status option support back
+  * Added charset option for `res.render()`
+  * Added `.charset` support (via connect 1.0.4)
+  * Added view resolution hints when in development and a lookup fails
+  * Added layout lookup support relative to the page view.
+    For example while rendering `./views/user/index.jade` if you create
+    `./views/user/layout.jade` it will be used in favour of the root layout.
+  * Fixed `res.redirect()`. RFC states absolute url [reported by unlink]
+  * Fixed; default `res.send()` string charset to utf8
+  * Removed `Partial` constructor (not currently used)
+
+2.0.0beta2 / 2011-03-07
+==================
+
+  * Added res.render() `.locals` support back to aid in migration process
+  * Fixed flash example
+
+2.0.0beta / 2011-03-03
+==================
+
+  * Added HTTPS support
+  * Added `res.cookie()` maxAge support
+  * Added `req.header()` _Referrer_ / _Referer_ special-case, either works
+  * Added mount support for `res.redirect()`, now respects the mount-point
+  * Added `union()` util, taking place of `merge(clone())` combo
+  * Added stylus support to express(1) generated app
+  * Added secret to session middleware used in examples and generated app
+  * Added `res.local(name, val)` for progressive view locals
+  * Added default param support to `req.param(name, default)`
+  * Added `app.disabled()` and `app.enabled()`
+  * Added `app.register()` support for omitting leading ".", either works
+  * Added `res.partial()`, using the same interface as `partial()` within a view. Closes #539
+  * Added `app.param()` to map route params to async/sync logic
+  * Added; aliased `app.helpers()` as `app.locals()`. Closes #481
+  * Added extname with no leading "." support to `res.contentType()`
+  * Added `cache views` setting, defaulting to enabled in "production" env
+  * Added index file partial resolution, eg: partial('user') may try _views/user/index.jade_.
+  * Added `req.accepts()` support for extensions
+  * Changed; `res.download()` and `res.sendfile()` now utilize Connect's
+    static file server `connect.static.send()`.
+  * Changed; replaced `connect.utils.mime()` with npm _mime_ module
+  * Changed; allow `req.query` to be pre-defined (via middleware or other parent
+  * Changed view partial resolution, now relative to parent view
+  * Changed view engine signature. no longer `engine.render(str, options, callback)`, now `engine.compile(str, options) -> Function`, the returned function accepts `fn(locals)`.
+  * Fixed `req.param()` bug returning Array.prototype methods. Closes #552
+  * Fixed; using `Stream#pipe()` instead of `sys.pump()` in `res.sendfile()`
+  * Fixed; using _qs_ module instead of _querystring_
+  * Fixed; strip unsafe chars from jsonp callbacks
+  * Removed "stream threshold" setting
+
+1.0.8 / 2011-03-01
+==================
+
+  * Allow `req.query` to be pre-defined (via middleware or other parent app)
+  * "connect": ">= 0.5.0 < 1.0.0". Closes #547
+  * Removed the long deprecated __EXPRESS_ENV__ support
+
+1.0.7 / 2011-02-07
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `render()` setting inheritance.
+    Mounted apps would not inherit "view engine"
+
+1.0.6 / 2011-02-07
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `view engine` setting bug when period is in dirname
+
+1.0.5 / 2011-02-05
+==================
+
+  * Added secret to generated app `session()` call
+
+1.0.4 / 2011-02-05
+==================
+
+  * Added `qs` dependency to _package.json_
+  * Fixed namespaced `require()`s for latest connect support
+
+1.0.3 / 2011-01-13
+==================
+
+  * Remove unsafe characters from JSONP callback names [Ryan Grove]
+
+1.0.2 / 2011-01-10
+==================
+
+  * Removed nested require, using `connect.router`
+
+1.0.1 / 2010-12-29
+==================
+
+  * Fixed for middleware stacked via `createServer()`
+    previously the `foo` middleware passed to `createServer(foo)`
+    would not have access to Express methods such as `res.send()`
+    or props like `req.query` etc.
+
+1.0.0 / 2010-11-16
+==================
+
+  * Added; deduce partial object names from the last segment.
+    For example by default `partial('forum/post', postObject)` will
+    give you the _post_ object, providing a meaningful default.
+  * Added http status code string representation to `res.redirect()` body
+  * Added; `res.redirect()` supporting _text/plain_ and _text/html_ via __Accept__.
+  * Added `req.is()` to aid in content negotiation
+  * Added partial local inheritance [suggested by masylum]. Closes #102
+    providing access to parent template locals.
+  * Added _-s, --session[s]_ flag to express(1) to add session related middleware
+  * Added _--template_ flag to express(1) to specify the
+    template engine to use.
+  * Added _--css_ flag to express(1) to specify the
+    stylesheet engine to use (or just plain css by default).
+  * Added `app.all()` support [thanks aheckmann]
+  * Added partial direct object support.
+    You may now `partial('user', user)` providing the "user" local,
+    vs previously `partial('user', { object: user })`.
+  * Added _route-separation_ example since many people question ways
+    to do this with CommonJS modules. Also view the _blog_ example for
+    an alternative.
+  * Performance; caching view path derived partial object names
+  * Fixed partial local inheritance precedence. [reported by Nick Poulden] Closes #454
+  * Fixed jsonp support; _text/javascript_ as per mailinglist discussion
+
+1.0.0rc4 / 2010-10-14
+==================
+
+  * Added _NODE_ENV_ support, _EXPRESS_ENV_ is deprecated and will be removed in 1.0.0
+  * Added route-middleware support (very helpful, see the [docs](http://expressjs.com/guide.html#Route-Middleware))
+  * Added _jsonp callback_ setting to enable/disable jsonp autowrapping [Dav Glass]
+  * Added callback query check on response.send to autowrap JSON objects for simple webservice implementations [Dav Glass]
+  * Added `partial()` support for array-like collections. Closes #434
+  * Added support for swappable querystring parsers
+  * Added session usage docs. Closes #443
+  * Added dynamic helper caching. Closes #439 [suggested by maritz]
+  * Added authentication example
+  * Added basic Range support to `res.sendfile()` (and `res.download()` etc)
+  * Changed; `express(1)` generated app using 2 spaces instead of 4
+  * Default env to "development" again [aheckmann]
+  * Removed _context_ option is no more, use "scope"
+  * Fixed; exposing _./support_ libs to examples so they can run without installs
+  * Fixed mvc example
+
+1.0.0rc3 / 2010-09-20
+==================
+
+  * Added confirmation for `express(1)` app generation. Closes #391
+  * Added extending of flash formatters via `app.flashFormatters`
+  * Added flash formatter support. Closes #411
+  * Added streaming support to `res.sendfile()` using `sys.pump()` when >= "stream threshold"
+  * Added _stream threshold_ setting for `res.sendfile()`
+  * Added `res.send()` __HEAD__ support
+  * Added `res.clearCookie()`
+  * Added `res.cookie()`
+  * Added `res.render()` headers option
+  * Added `res.redirect()` response bodies
+  * Added `res.render()` status option support. Closes #425 [thanks aheckmann]
+  * Fixed `res.sendfile()` responding with 403 on malicious path
+  * Fixed `res.download()` bug; when an error occurs remove _Content-Disposition_
+  * Fixed; mounted apps settings now inherit from parent app [aheckmann]
+  * Fixed; stripping Content-Length / Content-Type when 204
+  * Fixed `res.send()` 204. Closes #419
+  * Fixed multiple _Set-Cookie_ headers via `res.header()`. Closes #402
+  * Fixed bug messing with error handlers when `listenFD()` is called instead of `listen()`. [thanks guillermo]
+
+
+1.0.0rc2 / 2010-08-17
+==================
+
+  * Added `app.register()` for template engine mapping. Closes #390
+  * Added `res.render()` callback support as second argument (no options)
+  * Added callback support to `res.download()`
+  * Added callback support for `res.sendfile()`
+  * Added support for middleware access via `express.middlewareName()` vs `connect.middlewareName()`
+  * Added "partials" setting to docs
+  * Added default expresso tests to `express(1)` generated app. Closes #384
+  * Fixed `res.sendfile()` error handling, defer via `next()`
+  * Fixed `res.render()` callback when a layout is used [thanks guillermo]
+  * Fixed; `make install` creating ~/.node_libraries when not present
+  * Fixed issue preventing error handlers from being defined anywhere. Closes #387
+
+1.0.0rc / 2010-07-28
+==================
+
+  * Added mounted hook. Closes #369
+  * Added connect dependency to _package.json_
+
+  * Removed "reload views" setting and support code
+    development env never caches, production always caches.
+
+  * Removed _param_ in route callbacks, signature is now
+    simply (req, res, next), previously (req, res, params, next).
+    Use _req.params_ for path captures, _req.query_ for GET params.
+
+  * Fixed "home" setting
+  * Fixed middleware/router precedence issue. Closes #366
+  * Fixed; _configure()_ callbacks called immediately. Closes #368
+
+1.0.0beta2 / 2010-07-23
+==================
+
+  * Added more examples
+  * Added; exporting `Server` constructor
+  * Added `Server#helpers()` for view locals
+  * Added `Server#dynamicHelpers()` for dynamic view locals. Closes #349
+  * Added support for absolute view paths
+  * Added; _home_ setting defaults to `Server#route` for mounted apps. Closes #363
+  * Added Guillermo Rauch to the contributor list
+  * Added support for "as" for non-collection partials. Closes #341
+  * Fixed _install.sh_, ensuring _~/.node_libraries_ exists. Closes #362 [thanks jf]
+  * Fixed `res.render()` exceptions, now passed to `next()` when no callback is given [thanks guillermo]
+  * Fixed instanceof `Array` checks, now `Array.isArray()`
+  * Fixed express(1) expansion of public dirs. Closes #348
+  * Fixed middleware precedence. Closes #345
+  * Fixed view watcher, now async [thanks aheckmann]
+
+1.0.0beta / 2010-07-15
+==================
+
+  * Re-write
+    - much faster
+    - much lighter
+    - Check [ExpressJS.com](http://expressjs.com) for migration guide and updated docs
+
+0.14.0 / 2010-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Utilize relative requires
+  * Added Static bufferSize option [aheckmann]
+  * Fixed caching of view and partial subdirectories [aheckmann]
+  * Fixed mime.type() comments now that ".ext" is not supported
+  * Updated haml submodule
+  * Updated class submodule
+  * Removed bin/express
+
+0.13.0 / 2010-06-01
+==================
+
+  * Added node v0.1.97 compatibility
+  * Added support for deleting cookies via Request#cookie('key', null)
+  * Updated haml submodule
+  * Fixed not-found page, now using using charset utf-8
+  * Fixed show-exceptions page, now using using charset utf-8
+  * Fixed view support due to fs.readFile Buffers
+  * Changed; mime.type() no longer accepts ".type" due to node extname() changes
+
+0.12.0 / 2010-05-22
+==================
+
+  * Added node v0.1.96 compatibility
+  * Added view `helpers` export which act as additional local variables
+  * Updated haml submodule
+  * Changed ETag; removed inode, modified time only
+  * Fixed LF to CRLF for setting multiple cookies
+  * Fixed cookie compilation; values are now urlencoded
+  * Fixed cookies parsing; accepts quoted values and url escaped cookies
+
+0.11.0 / 2010-05-06
+==================
+
+  * Added support for layouts using different engines
+    - this.render('page.html.haml', { layout: 'super-cool-layout.html.ejs' })
+    - this.render('page.html.haml', { layout: 'foo' }) // assumes 'foo.html.haml'
+    - this.render('page.html.haml', { layout: false }) // no layout
+  * Updated ext submodule
+  * Updated haml submodule
+  * Fixed EJS partial support by passing along the context. Issue #307
+
+0.10.1 / 2010-05-03
+==================
+
+  * Fixed binary uploads.
+
+0.10.0 / 2010-04-30
+==================
+
+  * Added charset support via Request#charset (automatically assigned to 'UTF-8' when respond()'s
+    encoding is set to 'utf8' or 'utf-8'.
+  * Added "encoding" option to Request#render(). Closes #299
+  * Added "dump exceptions" setting, which is enabled by default.
+  * Added simple ejs template engine support
+  * Added error response support for text/plain, application/json. Closes #297
+  * Added callback function param to Request#error()
+  * Added Request#sendHead()
+  * Added Request#stream()
+  * Added support for Request#respond(304, null) for empty response bodies
+  * Added ETag support to Request#sendfile()
+  * Added options to Request#sendfile(), passed to fs.createReadStream()
+  * Added filename arg to Request#download()
+  * Performance enhanced due to pre-reversing plugins so that plugins.reverse() is not called on each request
+  * Performance enhanced by preventing several calls to toLowerCase() in Router#match()
+  * Changed; Request#sendfile() now streams
+  * Changed; Renamed Request#halt() to Request#respond(). Closes #289
+  * Changed; Using sys.inspect() instead of JSON.encode() for error output
+  * Changed; run() returns the http.Server instance. Closes #298
+  * Changed; Defaulting Server#host to null (INADDR_ANY)
+  * Changed; Logger "common" format scale of 0.4f
+  * Removed Logger "request" format
+  * Fixed; Catching ENOENT in view caching, preventing error when "views/partials" is not found
+  * Fixed several issues with http client
+  * Fixed Logger Content-Length output
+  * Fixed bug preventing Opera from retaining the generated session id. Closes #292
+
+0.9.0 / 2010-04-14
+==================
+
+  * Added DSL level error() route support
+  * Added DSL level notFound() route support
+  * Added Request#error()
+  * Added Request#notFound()
+  * Added Request#render() callback function. Closes #258
+  * Added "max upload size" setting
+  * Added "magic" variables to collection partials (\_\_index\_\_, \_\_length\_\_, \_\_isFirst\_\_, \_\_isLast\_\_). Closes #254
+  * Added [haml.js](http://github.com/visionmedia/haml.js) submodule; removed haml-js
+  * Added callback function support to Request#halt() as 3rd/4th arg
+  * Added preprocessing of route param wildcards using param(). Closes #251
+  * Added view partial support (with collections etc)
+  * Fixed bug preventing falsey params (such as ?page=0). Closes #286
+  * Fixed setting of multiple cookies. Closes #199
+  * Changed; view naming convention is now NAME.TYPE.ENGINE (for example page.html.haml)
+  * Changed; session cookie is now httpOnly
+  * Changed; Request is no longer global
+  * Changed; Event is no longer global
+  * Changed; "sys" module is no longer global
+  * Changed; moved Request#download to Static plugin where it belongs
+  * Changed; Request instance created before body parsing. Closes #262
+  * Changed; Pre-caching views in memory when "cache view contents" is enabled. Closes #253
+  * Changed; Pre-caching view partials in memory when "cache view partials" is enabled
+  * Updated support to node --version 0.1.90
+  * Updated dependencies
+  * Removed set("session cookie") in favour of use(Session, { cookie: { ... }})
+  * Removed utils.mixin(); use Object#mergeDeep()
+
+0.8.0 / 2010-03-19
+==================
+
+  * Added coffeescript example app. Closes #242
+  * Changed; cache api now async friendly. Closes #240
+  * Removed deprecated 'express/static' support. Use 'express/plugins/static'
+
+0.7.6 / 2010-03-19
+==================
+
+  * Added Request#isXHR. Closes #229
+  * Added `make install` (for the executable)
+  * Added `express` executable for setting up simple app templates
+  * Added "GET /public/*" to Static plugin, defaulting to <root>/public
+  * Added Static plugin
+  * Fixed; Request#render() only calls cache.get() once
+  * Fixed; Namespacing View caches with "view:"
+  * Fixed; Namespacing Static caches with "static:"
+  * Fixed; Both example apps now use the Static plugin
+  * Fixed set("views"). Closes #239
+  * Fixed missing space for combined log format
+  * Deprecated Request#sendfile() and 'express/static'
+  * Removed Server#running
+
+0.7.5 / 2010-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Added Request#flash() support without args, now returns all flashes
+  * Updated ext submodule
+
+0.7.4 / 2010-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Fixed session reaper
+  * Changed; class.js replacing js-oo Class implementation (quite a bit faster, no browser cruft)
+
+0.7.3 / 2010-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Added package.json
+  * Fixed requiring of haml / sass due to kiwi removal
+
+0.7.2 / 2010-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Fixed GIT submodules (HAH!)
+
+0.7.1 / 2010-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Changed; Express now using submodules again until a PM is adopted
+  * Changed; chat example using millisecond conversions from ext
+
+0.7.0 / 2010-03-15
+==================
+
+  * Added Request#pass() support (finds the next matching route, or the given path)
+  * Added Logger plugin (default "common" format replaces CommonLogger)
+  * Removed Profiler plugin
+  * Removed CommonLogger plugin
+
+0.6.0 / 2010-03-11
+==================
+
+  * Added seed.yml for kiwi package management support
+  * Added HTTP client query string support when method is GET. Closes #205
+
+  * Added support for arbitrary view engines.
+    For example "foo.engine.html" will now require('engine'),
+    the exports from this module are cached after the first require().
+
+  * Added async plugin support
+
+  * Removed usage of RESTful route funcs as http client
+    get() etc, use http.get() and friends
+
+  * Removed custom exceptions
+
+0.5.0 / 2010-03-10
+==================
+
+  * Added ext dependency (library of js extensions)
+  * Removed extname() / basename() utils. Use path module
+  * Removed toArray() util. Use arguments.values
+  * Removed escapeRegexp() util. Use RegExp.escape()
+  * Removed process.mixin() dependency. Use utils.mixin()
+  * Removed Collection
+  * Removed ElementCollection
+  * Shameless self promotion of ebook "Advanced JavaScript" (http://dev-mag.com)  ;)
+
+0.4.0 / 2010-02-11
+==================
+
+  * Added flash() example to sample upload app
+  * Added high level restful http client module (express/http)
+  * Changed; RESTful route functions double as HTTP clients. Closes #69
+  * Changed; throwing error when routes are added at runtime
+  * Changed; defaulting render() context to the current Request. Closes #197
+  * Updated haml submodule
+
+0.3.0 / 2010-02-11
+==================
+
+  * Updated haml / sass submodules. Closes #200
+  * Added flash message support. Closes #64
+  * Added accepts() now allows multiple args. fixes #117
+  * Added support for plugins to halt. Closes #189
+  * Added alternate layout support. Closes #119
+  * Removed Route#run(). Closes #188
+  * Fixed broken specs due to use(Cookie) missing
+
+0.2.1 / 2010-02-05
+==================
+
+  * Added "plot" format option for Profiler (for gnuplot processing)
+  * Added request number to Profiler plugin
+  * Fixed binary encoding for multipart file uploads, was previously defaulting to UTF8
+  * Fixed issue with routes not firing when not files are present. Closes #184
+  * Fixed process.Promise -> events.Promise
+
+0.2.0 / 2010-02-03
+==================
+
+  * Added parseParam() support for name[] etc. (allows for file inputs with "multiple" attr) Closes #180
+  * Added Both Cache and Session option "reapInterval" may be "reapEvery". Closes #174
+  * Added expiration support to cache api with reaper. Closes #133
+  * Added cache Store.Memory#reap()
+  * Added Cache; cache api now uses first class Cache instances
+  * Added abstract session Store. Closes #172
+  * Changed; cache Memory.Store#get() utilizing Collection
+  * Renamed MemoryStore -> Store.Memory
+  * Fixed use() of the same plugin several time will always use latest options. Closes #176
+
+0.1.0 / 2010-02-03
+==================
+
+  * Changed; Hooks (before / after) pass request as arg as well as evaluated in their context
+  * Updated node support to 0.1.27 Closes #169
+  * Updated dirname(__filename) -> __dirname
+  * Updated libxmljs support to v0.2.0
+  * Added session support with memory store / reaping
+  * Added quick uid() helper
+  * Added multi-part upload support
+  * Added Sass.js support / submodule
+  * Added production env caching view contents and static files
+  * Added static file caching. Closes #136
+  * Added cache plugin with memory stores
+  * Added support to StaticFile so that it works with non-textual files.
+  * Removed dirname() helper
+  * Removed several globals (now their modules must be required)
+
+0.0.2 / 2010-01-10
+==================
+
+  * Added view benchmarks; currently haml vs ejs
+  * Added Request#attachment() specs. Closes #116
+  * Added use of node's parseQuery() util. Closes #123
+  * Added `make init` for submodules
+  * Updated Haml
+  * Updated sample chat app to show messages on load
+  * Updated libxmljs parseString -> parseHtmlString
+  * Fixed `make init` to work with older versions of git
+  * Fixed specs can now run independent specs for those who can't build deps. Closes #127
+  * Fixed issues introduced by the node url module changes. Closes 126.
+  * Fixed two assertions failing due to Collection#keys() returning strings
+  * Fixed faulty Collection#toArray() spec due to keys() returning strings
+  * Fixed `make test` now builds libxmljs.node before testing
+
+0.0.1 / 2010-01-03
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/express/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa927e44e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2009-2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Roman Shtylman <shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/express/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f9129731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+[![Express Logo](https://i.cloudup.com/zfY6lL7eFa-3000x3000.png)](http://expressjs.com/)
+
+  Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for [node](http://nodejs.org).
+
+  [![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+  [![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+  [![Linux Build][travis-image]][travis-url]
+  [![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url]
+  [![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+```js
+const express = require('express')
+const app = express()
+
+app.get('/', function (req, res) {
+  res.send('Hello World')
+})
+
+app.listen(3000)
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/).
+
+Before installing, [download and install Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/).
+Node.js 0.10 or higher is required.
+
+Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```bash
+$ npm install express
+```
+
+Follow [our installing guide](http://expressjs.com/en/starter/installing.html)
+for more information.
+
+## Features
+
+  * Robust routing
+  * Focus on high performance
+  * Super-high test coverage
+  * HTTP helpers (redirection, caching, etc)
+  * View system supporting 14+ template engines
+  * Content negotiation
+  * Executable for generating applications quickly
+
+## Docs & Community
+
+  * [Website and Documentation](http://expressjs.com/) - [[website repo](https://github.com/expressjs/expressjs.com)]
+  * [#express](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=express) on freenode IRC
+  * [GitHub Organization](https://github.com/expressjs) for Official Middleware & Modules
+  * Visit the [Wiki](https://github.com/expressjs/express/wiki)
+  * [Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/express-js) for discussion
+  * [Gitter](https://gitter.im/expressjs/express) for support and discussion
+
+**PROTIP** Be sure to read [Migrating from 3.x to 4.x](https://github.com/expressjs/express/wiki/Migrating-from-3.x-to-4.x) as well as [New features in 4.x](https://github.com/expressjs/express/wiki/New-features-in-4.x).
+
+### Security Issues
+
+If you discover a security vulnerability in Express, please see [Security Policies and Procedures](Security.md).
+
+## Quick Start
+
+  The quickest way to get started with express is to utilize the executable [`express(1)`](https://github.com/expressjs/generator) to generate an application as shown below:
+
+  Install the executable. The executable's major version will match Express's:
+
+```bash
+$ npm install -g express-generator@4
+```
+
+  Create the app:
+
+```bash
+$ express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo
+```
+
+  Install dependencies:
+
+```bash
+$ npm install
+```
+
+  Start the server:
+
+```bash
+$ npm start
+```
+
+  View the website at: http://localhost:3000
+
+## Philosophy
+
+  The Express philosophy is to provide small, robust tooling for HTTP servers, making
+  it a great solution for single page applications, web sites, hybrids, or public
+  HTTP APIs.
+
+  Express does not force you to use any specific ORM or template engine. With support for over
+  14 template engines via [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/tj/consolidate.js),
+  you can quickly craft your perfect framework.
+
+## Examples
+
+  To view the examples, clone the Express repo and install the dependencies:
+
+```bash
+$ git clone git://github.com/expressjs/express.git --depth 1
+$ cd express
+$ npm install
+```
+
+  Then run whichever example you want:
+
+```bash
+$ node examples/content-negotiation
+```
+
+## Tests
+
+  To run the test suite, first install the dependencies, then run `npm test`:
+
+```bash
+$ npm install
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+[Contributing Guide](Contributing.md)
+
+## People
+
+The original author of Express is [TJ Holowaychuk](https://github.com/tj)
+
+The current lead maintainer is [Douglas Christopher Wilson](https://github.com/dougwilson)
+
+[List of all contributors](https://github.com/expressjs/express/graphs/contributors)
+
+## License
+
+  [MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/express.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/express
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/express.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/express
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/expressjs/express/master.svg?label=linux
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/express
+[appveyor-image]: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/express/master.svg?label=windows
+[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/express
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/expressjs/express/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/express?branch=master
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/index.js b/backend/node_modules/express/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d219b0c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = require('./lib/express');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/application.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/application.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91f77d241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/application.js
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler');
+var Router = require('./router');
+var methods = require('methods');
+var middleware = require('./middleware/init');
+var query = require('./middleware/query');
+var debug = require('debug')('express:application');
+var View = require('./view');
+var http = require('http');
+var compileETag = require('./utils').compileETag;
+var compileQueryParser = require('./utils').compileQueryParser;
+var compileTrust = require('./utils').compileTrust;
+var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
+var flatten = require('array-flatten');
+var merge = require('utils-merge');
+var resolve = require('path').resolve;
+var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
+var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+
+/**
+ * Application prototype.
+ */
+
+var app = exports = module.exports = {};
+
+/**
+ * Variable for trust proxy inheritance back-compat
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var trustProxyDefaultSymbol = '@@symbol:trust_proxy_default';
+
+/**
+ * Initialize the server.
+ *
+ *   - setup default configuration
+ *   - setup default middleware
+ *   - setup route reflection methods
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+
+app.init = function init() {
+  this.cache = {};
+  this.engines = {};
+  this.settings = {};
+
+  this.defaultConfiguration();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initialize application configuration.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+app.defaultConfiguration = function defaultConfiguration() {
+  var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
+
+  // default settings
+  this.enable('x-powered-by');
+  this.set('etag', 'weak');
+  this.set('env', env);
+  this.set('query parser', 'extended');
+  this.set('subdomain offset', 2);
+  this.set('trust proxy', false);
+
+  // trust proxy inherit back-compat
+  Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: true
+  });
+
+  debug('booting in %s mode', env);
+
+  this.on('mount', function onmount(parent) {
+    // inherit trust proxy
+    if (this.settings[trustProxyDefaultSymbol] === true
+      && typeof parent.settings['trust proxy fn'] === 'function') {
+      delete this.settings['trust proxy'];
+      delete this.settings['trust proxy fn'];
+    }
+
+    // inherit protos
+    setPrototypeOf(this.request, parent.request)
+    setPrototypeOf(this.response, parent.response)
+    setPrototypeOf(this.engines, parent.engines)
+    setPrototypeOf(this.settings, parent.settings)
+  });
+
+  // setup locals
+  this.locals = Object.create(null);
+
+  // top-most app is mounted at /
+  this.mountpath = '/';
+
+  // default locals
+  this.locals.settings = this.settings;
+
+  // default configuration
+  this.set('view', View);
+  this.set('views', resolve('views'));
+  this.set('jsonp callback name', 'callback');
+
+  if (env === 'production') {
+    this.enable('view cache');
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'router', {
+    get: function() {
+      throw new Error('\'app.router\' is deprecated!\nPlease see the 3.x to 4.x migration guide for details on how to update your app.');
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * lazily adds the base router if it has not yet been added.
+ *
+ * We cannot add the base router in the defaultConfiguration because
+ * it reads app settings which might be set after that has run.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+app.lazyrouter = function lazyrouter() {
+  if (!this._router) {
+    this._router = new Router({
+      caseSensitive: this.enabled('case sensitive routing'),
+      strict: this.enabled('strict routing')
+    });
+
+    this._router.use(query(this.get('query parser fn')));
+    this._router.use(middleware.init(this));
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Dispatch a req, res pair into the application. Starts pipeline processing.
+ *
+ * If no callback is provided, then default error handlers will respond
+ * in the event of an error bubbling through the stack.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+
+app.handle = function handle(req, res, callback) {
+  var router = this._router;
+
+  // final handler
+  var done = callback || finalhandler(req, res, {
+    env: this.get('env'),
+    onerror: logerror.bind(this)
+  });
+
+  // no routes
+  if (!router) {
+    debug('no routes defined on app');
+    done();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  router.handle(req, res, done);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Proxy `Router#use()` to add middleware to the app router.
+ * See Router#use() documentation for details.
+ *
+ * If the _fn_ parameter is an express app, then it will be
+ * mounted at the _route_ specified.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.use = function use(fn) {
+  var offset = 0;
+  var path = '/';
+
+  // default path to '/'
+  // disambiguate app.use([fn])
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    var arg = fn;
+
+    while (Array.isArray(arg) && arg.length !== 0) {
+      arg = arg[0];
+    }
+
+    // first arg is the path
+    if (typeof arg !== 'function') {
+      offset = 1;
+      path = fn;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var fns = flatten(slice.call(arguments, offset));
+
+  if (fns.length === 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('app.use() requires a middleware function')
+  }
+
+  // setup router
+  this.lazyrouter();
+  var router = this._router;
+
+  fns.forEach(function (fn) {
+    // non-express app
+    if (!fn || !fn.handle || !fn.set) {
+      return router.use(path, fn);
+    }
+
+    debug('.use app under %s', path);
+    fn.mountpath = path;
+    fn.parent = this;
+
+    // restore .app property on req and res
+    router.use(path, function mounted_app(req, res, next) {
+      var orig = req.app;
+      fn.handle(req, res, function (err) {
+        setPrototypeOf(req, orig.request)
+        setPrototypeOf(res, orig.response)
+        next(err);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // mounted an app
+    fn.emit('mount', this);
+  }, this);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Proxy to the app `Router#route()`
+ * Returns a new `Route` instance for the _path_.
+ *
+ * Routes are isolated middleware stacks for specific paths.
+ * See the Route api docs for details.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.route = function route(path) {
+  this.lazyrouter();
+  return this._router.route(path);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Register the given template engine callback `fn`
+ * as `ext`.
+ *
+ * By default will `require()` the engine based on the
+ * file extension. For example if you try to render
+ * a "foo.ejs" file Express will invoke the following internally:
+ *
+ *     app.engine('ejs', require('ejs').__express);
+ *
+ * For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box,
+ * or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine
+ * you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to
+ * ".html" files:
+ *
+ *     app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
+ *
+ * In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with
+ * the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`,
+ * though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally
+ * so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you dont need to do anything.
+ *
+ * Some template engines do not follow this convention, the
+ * [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/tj/consolidate.js)
+ * library was created to map all of node's popular template
+ * engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to
+ * work seamlessly within Express.
+ *
+ * @param {String} ext
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.engine = function engine(ext, fn) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('callback function required');
+  }
+
+  // get file extension
+  var extension = ext[0] !== '.'
+    ? '.' + ext
+    : ext;
+
+  // store engine
+  this.engines[extension] = fn;
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Proxy to `Router#param()` with one added api feature. The _name_ parameter
+ * can be an array of names.
+ *
+ * See the Router#param() docs for more details.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} name
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.param = function param(name, fn) {
+  this.lazyrouter();
+
+  if (Array.isArray(name)) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {
+      this.param(name[i], fn);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this._router.param(name, fn);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value.
+ *
+ *    app.set('foo', 'bar');
+ *    app.set('foo');
+ *    // => "bar"
+ *
+ * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
+ *
+ * @param {String} setting
+ * @param {*} [val]
+ * @return {Server} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.set = function set(setting, val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    // app.get(setting)
+    return this.settings[setting];
+  }
+
+  debug('set "%s" to %o', setting, val);
+
+  // set value
+  this.settings[setting] = val;
+
+  // trigger matched settings
+  switch (setting) {
+    case 'etag':
+      this.set('etag fn', compileETag(val));
+      break;
+    case 'query parser':
+      this.set('query parser fn', compileQueryParser(val));
+      break;
+    case 'trust proxy':
+      this.set('trust proxy fn', compileTrust(val));
+
+      // trust proxy inherit back-compat
+      Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, {
+        configurable: true,
+        value: false
+      });
+
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the app's absolute pathname
+ * based on the parent(s) that have
+ * mounted it.
+ *
+ * For example if the application was
+ * mounted as "/admin", which itself
+ * was mounted as "/blog" then the
+ * return value would be "/blog/admin".
+ *
+ * @return {String}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+app.path = function path() {
+  return this.parent
+    ? this.parent.path() + this.mountpath
+    : '';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy).
+ *
+ *    app.enabled('foo')
+ *    // => false
+ *
+ *    app.enable('foo')
+ *    app.enabled('foo')
+ *    // => true
+ *
+ * @param {String} setting
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.enabled = function enabled(setting) {
+  return Boolean(this.set(setting));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if `setting` is disabled.
+ *
+ *    app.disabled('foo')
+ *    // => true
+ *
+ *    app.enable('foo')
+ *    app.disabled('foo')
+ *    // => false
+ *
+ * @param {String} setting
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.disabled = function disabled(setting) {
+  return !this.set(setting);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Enable `setting`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} setting
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.enable = function enable(setting) {
+  return this.set(setting, true);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Disable `setting`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} setting
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.disable = function disable(setting) {
+  return this.set(setting, false);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Delegate `.VERB(...)` calls to `router.VERB(...)`.
+ */
+
+methods.forEach(function(method){
+  app[method] = function(path){
+    if (method === 'get' && arguments.length === 1) {
+      // app.get(setting)
+      return this.set(path);
+    }
+
+    this.lazyrouter();
+
+    var route = this._router.route(path);
+    route[method].apply(route, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
+ * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Function} ...
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.all = function all(path) {
+  this.lazyrouter();
+
+  var route = this._router.route(path);
+  var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
+    route[methods[i]].apply(route, args);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+// del -> delete alias
+
+app.del = deprecate.function(app.delete, 'app.del: Use app.delete instead');
+
+/**
+ * Render the given view `name` name with `options`
+ * and a callback accepting an error and the
+ * rendered template string.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *    app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){
+ *      // ...
+ *    })
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Object|Function} options or fn
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.render = function render(name, options, callback) {
+  var cache = this.cache;
+  var done = callback;
+  var engines = this.engines;
+  var opts = options;
+  var renderOptions = {};
+  var view;
+
+  // support callback function as second arg
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    done = options;
+    opts = {};
+  }
+
+  // merge app.locals
+  merge(renderOptions, this.locals);
+
+  // merge options._locals
+  if (opts._locals) {
+    merge(renderOptions, opts._locals);
+  }
+
+  // merge options
+  merge(renderOptions, opts);
+
+  // set .cache unless explicitly provided
+  if (renderOptions.cache == null) {
+    renderOptions.cache = this.enabled('view cache');
+  }
+
+  // primed cache
+  if (renderOptions.cache) {
+    view = cache[name];
+  }
+
+  // view
+  if (!view) {
+    var View = this.get('view');
+
+    view = new View(name, {
+      defaultEngine: this.get('view engine'),
+      root: this.get('views'),
+      engines: engines
+    });
+
+    if (!view.path) {
+      var dirs = Array.isArray(view.root) && view.root.length > 1
+        ? 'directories "' + view.root.slice(0, -1).join('", "') + '" or "' + view.root[view.root.length - 1] + '"'
+        : 'directory "' + view.root + '"'
+      var err = new Error('Failed to lookup view "' + name + '" in views ' + dirs);
+      err.view = view;
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    // prime the cache
+    if (renderOptions.cache) {
+      cache[name] = view;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // render
+  tryRender(view, renderOptions, done);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Listen for connections.
+ *
+ * A node `http.Server` is returned, with this
+ * application (which is a `Function`) as its
+ * callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP
+ * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
+ * and "https" modules as shown here:
+ *
+ *    var http = require('http')
+ *      , https = require('https')
+ *      , express = require('express')
+ *      , app = express();
+ *
+ *    http.createServer(app).listen(80);
+ *    https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443);
+ *
+ * @return {http.Server}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+app.listen = function listen() {
+  var server = http.createServer(this);
+  return server.listen.apply(server, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Log error using console.error.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} err
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function logerror(err) {
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
+  if (this.get('env') !== 'test') console.error(err.stack || err.toString());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try rendering a view.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function tryRender(view, options, callback) {
+  try {
+    view.render(options, callback);
+  } catch (err) {
+    callback(err);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/express.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/express.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d188a16db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/express.js
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+var mixin = require('merge-descriptors');
+var proto = require('./application');
+var Route = require('./router/route');
+var Router = require('./router');
+var req = require('./request');
+var res = require('./response');
+
+/**
+ * Expose `createApplication()`.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = createApplication;
+
+/**
+ * Create an express application.
+ *
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function createApplication() {
+  var app = function(req, res, next) {
+    app.handle(req, res, next);
+  };
+
+  mixin(app, EventEmitter.prototype, false);
+  mixin(app, proto, false);
+
+  // expose the prototype that will get set on requests
+  app.request = Object.create(req, {
+    app: { configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true, value: app }
+  })
+
+  // expose the prototype that will get set on responses
+  app.response = Object.create(res, {
+    app: { configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true, value: app }
+  })
+
+  app.init();
+  return app;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Expose the prototypes.
+ */
+
+exports.application = proto;
+exports.request = req;
+exports.response = res;
+
+/**
+ * Expose constructors.
+ */
+
+exports.Route = Route;
+exports.Router = Router;
+
+/**
+ * Expose middleware
+ */
+
+exports.json = bodyParser.json
+exports.query = require('./middleware/query');
+exports.raw = bodyParser.raw
+exports.static = require('serve-static');
+exports.text = bodyParser.text
+exports.urlencoded = bodyParser.urlencoded
+
+/**
+ * Replace removed middleware with an appropriate error message.
+ */
+
+var removedMiddlewares = [
+  'bodyParser',
+  'compress',
+  'cookieSession',
+  'session',
+  'logger',
+  'cookieParser',
+  'favicon',
+  'responseTime',
+  'errorHandler',
+  'timeout',
+  'methodOverride',
+  'vhost',
+  'csrf',
+  'directory',
+  'limit',
+  'multipart',
+  'staticCache'
+]
+
+removedMiddlewares.forEach(function (name) {
+  Object.defineProperty(exports, name, {
+    get: function () {
+      throw new Error('Most middleware (like ' + name + ') is no longer bundled with Express and must be installed separately. Please see https://github.com/senchalabs/connect#middleware.');
+    },
+    configurable: true
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/middleware/init.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/middleware/init.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfd042747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/middleware/init.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
+
+/**
+ * Initialization middleware, exposing the
+ * request and response to each other, as well
+ * as defaulting the X-Powered-By header field.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} app
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.init = function(app){
+  return function expressInit(req, res, next){
+    if (app.enabled('x-powered-by')) res.setHeader('X-Powered-By', 'Express');
+    req.res = res;
+    res.req = req;
+    req.next = next;
+
+    setPrototypeOf(req, app.request)
+    setPrototypeOf(res, app.response)
+
+    res.locals = res.locals || Object.create(null);
+
+    next();
+  };
+};
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/middleware/query.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/middleware/query.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e9166947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/middleware/query.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var merge = require('utils-merge')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl');
+var qs = require('qs');
+
+/**
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function query(options) {
+  var opts = merge({}, options)
+  var queryparse = qs.parse;
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    queryparse = options;
+    opts = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (opts !== undefined && opts.allowPrototypes === undefined) {
+    // back-compat for qs module
+    opts.allowPrototypes = true;
+  }
+
+  return function query(req, res, next){
+    if (!req.query) {
+      var val = parseUrl(req).query;
+      req.query = queryparse(val, opts);
+    }
+
+    next();
+  };
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/request.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/request.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9400ef99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/request.js
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var accepts = require('accepts');
+var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
+var isIP = require('net').isIP;
+var typeis = require('type-is');
+var http = require('http');
+var fresh = require('fresh');
+var parseRange = require('range-parser');
+var parse = require('parseurl');
+var proxyaddr = require('proxy-addr');
+
+/**
+ * Request prototype.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+var req = Object.create(http.IncomingMessage.prototype)
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = req
+
+/**
+ * Return request header.
+ *
+ * The `Referrer` header field is special-cased,
+ * both `Referrer` and `Referer` are interchangeable.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     req.get('Content-Type');
+ *     // => "text/plain"
+ *
+ *     req.get('content-type');
+ *     // => "text/plain"
+ *
+ *     req.get('Something');
+ *     // => undefined
+ *
+ * Aliased as `req.header()`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.get =
+req.header = function header(name) {
+  if (!name) {
+    throw new TypeError('name argument is required to req.get');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('name must be a string to req.get');
+  }
+
+  var lc = name.toLowerCase();
+
+  switch (lc) {
+    case 'referer':
+    case 'referrer':
+      return this.headers.referrer
+        || this.headers.referer;
+    default:
+      return this.headers[lc];
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * To do: update docs.
+ *
+ * Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
+ * the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
+ * case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
+ *
+ * The `type` value may be a single MIME type string
+ * such as "application/json", an extension name
+ * such as "json", a comma-delimited list such as "json, html, text/plain",
+ * an argument list such as `"json", "html", "text/plain"`,
+ * or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
+ * or array is given, the _best_ match, if any is returned.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/html
+ *     req.accepts('html');
+ *     // => "html"
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
+ *     req.accepts('html');
+ *     // => "html"
+ *     req.accepts('text/html');
+ *     // => "text/html"
+ *     req.accepts('json, text');
+ *     // => "json"
+ *     req.accepts('application/json');
+ *     // => "application/json"
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
+ *     req.accepts('image/png');
+ *     req.accepts('png');
+ *     // => undefined
+ *
+ *     // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
+ *     req.accepts(['html', 'json']);
+ *     req.accepts('html', 'json');
+ *     req.accepts('html, json');
+ *     // => "json"
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} type(s)
+ * @return {String|Array|Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.accepts = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.types.apply(accept, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given `encoding`s are accepted.
+ *
+ * @param {String} ...encoding
+ * @return {String|Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.acceptsEncodings = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.encodings.apply(accept, arguments);
+};
+
+req.acceptsEncoding = deprecate.function(req.acceptsEncodings,
+  'req.acceptsEncoding: Use acceptsEncodings instead');
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given `charset`s are acceptable,
+ * otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
+ *
+ * @param {String} ...charset
+ * @return {String|Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.acceptsCharsets = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.charsets.apply(accept, arguments);
+};
+
+req.acceptsCharset = deprecate.function(req.acceptsCharsets,
+  'req.acceptsCharset: Use acceptsCharsets instead');
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given `lang`s are acceptable,
+ * otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
+ *
+ * @param {String} ...lang
+ * @return {String|Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.acceptsLanguages = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.languages.apply(accept, arguments);
+};
+
+req.acceptsLanguage = deprecate.function(req.acceptsLanguages,
+  'req.acceptsLanguage: Use acceptsLanguages instead');
+
+/**
+ * Parse Range header field, capping to the given `size`.
+ *
+ * Unspecified ranges such as "0-" require knowledge of your resource length. In
+ * the case of a byte range this is of course the total number of bytes. If the
+ * Range header field is not given `undefined` is returned, `-1` when unsatisfiable,
+ * and `-2` when syntactically invalid.
+ *
+ * When ranges are returned, the array has a "type" property which is the type of
+ * range that is required (most commonly, "bytes"). Each array element is an object
+ * with a "start" and "end" property for the portion of the range.
+ *
+ * The "combine" option can be set to `true` and overlapping & adjacent ranges
+ * will be combined into a single range.
+ *
+ * NOTE: remember that ranges are inclusive, so for example "Range: users=0-3"
+ * should respond with 4 users when available, not 3.
+ *
+ * @param {number} size
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {boolean} [options.combine=false]
+ * @return {number|array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.range = function range(size, options) {
+  var range = this.get('Range');
+  if (!range) return;
+  return parseRange(size, range, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the value of param `name` when present or `defaultValue`.
+ *
+ *  - Checks route placeholders, ex: _/user/:id_
+ *  - Checks body params, ex: id=12, {"id":12}
+ *  - Checks query string params, ex: ?id=12
+ *
+ * To utilize request bodies, `req.body`
+ * should be an object. This can be done by using
+ * the `bodyParser()` middleware.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Mixed} [defaultValue]
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.param = function param(name, defaultValue) {
+  var params = this.params || {};
+  var body = this.body || {};
+  var query = this.query || {};
+
+  var args = arguments.length === 1
+    ? 'name'
+    : 'name, default';
+  deprecate('req.param(' + args + '): Use req.params, req.body, or req.query instead');
+
+  if (null != params[name] && params.hasOwnProperty(name)) return params[name];
+  if (null != body[name]) return body[name];
+  if (null != query[name]) return query[name];
+
+  return defaultValue;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
+ * header field, and it contains the give mime `type`.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *      // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
+ *      req.is('html');
+ *      req.is('text/html');
+ *      req.is('text/*');
+ *      // => true
+ *
+ *      // When Content-Type is application/json
+ *      req.is('json');
+ *      req.is('application/json');
+ *      req.is('application/*');
+ *      // => true
+ *
+ *      req.is('html');
+ *      // => false
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} types...
+ * @return {String|false|null}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+req.is = function is(types) {
+  var arr = types;
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (!Array.isArray(types)) {
+    arr = new Array(arguments.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+      arr[i] = arguments[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return typeis(this, arr);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the protocol string "http" or "https"
+ * when requested with TLS. When the "trust proxy"
+ * setting trusts the socket address, the
+ * "X-Forwarded-Proto" header field will be trusted
+ * and used if present.
+ *
+ * If you're running behind a reverse proxy that
+ * supplies https for you this may be enabled.
+ *
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'protocol', function protocol(){
+  var proto = this.connection.encrypted
+    ? 'https'
+    : 'http';
+  var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
+
+  if (!trust(this.connection.remoteAddress, 0)) {
+    return proto;
+  }
+
+  // Note: X-Forwarded-Proto is normally only ever a
+  //       single value, but this is to be safe.
+  var header = this.get('X-Forwarded-Proto') || proto
+  var index = header.indexOf(',')
+
+  return index !== -1
+    ? header.substring(0, index).trim()
+    : header.trim()
+});
+
+/**
+ * Short-hand for:
+ *
+ *    req.protocol === 'https'
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'secure', function secure(){
+  return this.protocol === 'https';
+});
+
+/**
+ * Return the remote address from the trusted proxy.
+ *
+ * The is the remote address on the socket unless
+ * "trust proxy" is set.
+ *
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'ip', function ip(){
+  var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
+  return proxyaddr(this, trust);
+});
+
+/**
+ * When "trust proxy" is set, trusted proxy addresses + client.
+ *
+ * For example if the value were "client, proxy1, proxy2"
+ * you would receive the array `["client", "proxy1", "proxy2"]`
+ * where "proxy2" is the furthest down-stream and "proxy1" and
+ * "proxy2" were trusted.
+ *
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'ips', function ips() {
+  var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
+  var addrs = proxyaddr.all(this, trust);
+
+  // reverse the order (to farthest -> closest)
+  // and remove socket address
+  addrs.reverse().pop()
+
+  return addrs
+});
+
+/**
+ * Return subdomains as an array.
+ *
+ * Subdomains are the dot-separated parts of the host before the main domain of
+ * the app. By default, the domain of the app is assumed to be the last two
+ * parts of the host. This can be changed by setting "subdomain offset".
+ *
+ * For example, if the domain is "tobi.ferrets.example.com":
+ * If "subdomain offset" is not set, req.subdomains is `["ferrets", "tobi"]`.
+ * If "subdomain offset" is 3, req.subdomains is `["tobi"]`.
+ *
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'subdomains', function subdomains() {
+  var hostname = this.hostname;
+
+  if (!hostname) return [];
+
+  var offset = this.app.get('subdomain offset');
+  var subdomains = !isIP(hostname)
+    ? hostname.split('.').reverse()
+    : [hostname];
+
+  return subdomains.slice(offset);
+});
+
+/**
+ * Short-hand for `url.parse(req.url).pathname`.
+ *
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'path', function path() {
+  return parse(this).pathname;
+});
+
+/**
+ * Parse the "Host" header field to a hostname.
+ *
+ * When the "trust proxy" setting trusts the socket
+ * address, the "X-Forwarded-Host" header field will
+ * be trusted.
+ *
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'hostname', function hostname(){
+  var trust = this.app.get('trust proxy fn');
+  var host = this.get('X-Forwarded-Host');
+
+  if (!host || !trust(this.connection.remoteAddress, 0)) {
+    host = this.get('Host');
+  } else if (host.indexOf(',') !== -1) {
+    // Note: X-Forwarded-Host is normally only ever a
+    //       single value, but this is to be safe.
+    host = host.substring(0, host.indexOf(',')).trimRight()
+  }
+
+  if (!host) return;
+
+  // IPv6 literal support
+  var offset = host[0] === '['
+    ? host.indexOf(']') + 1
+    : 0;
+  var index = host.indexOf(':', offset);
+
+  return index !== -1
+    ? host.substring(0, index)
+    : host;
+});
+
+// TODO: change req.host to return host in next major
+
+defineGetter(req, 'host', deprecate.function(function host(){
+  return this.hostname;
+}, 'req.host: Use req.hostname instead'));
+
+/**
+ * Check if the request is fresh, aka
+ * Last-Modified and/or the ETag
+ * still match.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'fresh', function(){
+  var method = this.method;
+  var res = this.res
+  var status = res.statusCode
+
+  // GET or HEAD for weak freshness validation only
+  if ('GET' !== method && 'HEAD' !== method) return false;
+
+  // 2xx or 304 as per rfc2616 14.26
+  if ((status >= 200 && status < 300) || 304 === status) {
+    return fresh(this.headers, {
+      'etag': res.get('ETag'),
+      'last-modified': res.get('Last-Modified')
+    })
+  }
+
+  return false;
+});
+
+/**
+ * Check if the request is stale, aka
+ * "Last-Modified" and / or the "ETag" for the
+ * resource has changed.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'stale', function stale(){
+  return !this.fresh;
+});
+
+/**
+ * Check if the request was an _XMLHttpRequest_.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+defineGetter(req, 'xhr', function xhr(){
+  var val = this.get('X-Requested-With') || '';
+  return val.toLowerCase() === 'xmlhttprequest';
+});
+
+/**
+ * Helper function for creating a getter on an object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Function} getter
+ * @private
+ */
+function defineGetter(obj, name, getter) {
+  Object.defineProperty(obj, name, {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: getter
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/response.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/response.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9f08cd54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/response.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1142 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition');
+var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl');
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html');
+var http = require('http');
+var isAbsolute = require('./utils').isAbsolute;
+var onFinished = require('on-finished');
+var path = require('path');
+var statuses = require('statuses')
+var merge = require('utils-merge');
+var sign = require('cookie-signature').sign;
+var normalizeType = require('./utils').normalizeType;
+var normalizeTypes = require('./utils').normalizeTypes;
+var setCharset = require('./utils').setCharset;
+var cookie = require('cookie');
+var send = require('send');
+var extname = path.extname;
+var mime = send.mime;
+var resolve = path.resolve;
+var vary = require('vary');
+
+/**
+ * Response prototype.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+var res = Object.create(http.ServerResponse.prototype)
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = res
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var charsetRegExp = /;\s*charset\s*=/;
+
+/**
+ * Set status `code`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} code
+ * @return {ServerResponse}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.status = function status(code) {
+  this.statusCode = code;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set Link header field with the given `links`.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *    res.links({
+ *      next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
+ *      last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
+ *    });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} links
+ * @return {ServerResponse}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.links = function(links){
+  var link = this.get('Link') || '';
+  if (link) link += ', ';
+  return this.set('Link', link + Object.keys(links).map(function(rel){
+    return '<' + links[rel] + '>; rel="' + rel + '"';
+  }).join(', '));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Send a response.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     res.send(Buffer.from('wahoo'));
+ *     res.send({ some: 'json' });
+ *     res.send('<p>some html</p>');
+ *
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|object|Buffer} body
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.send = function send(body) {
+  var chunk = body;
+  var encoding;
+  var req = this.req;
+  var type;
+
+  // settings
+  var app = this.app;
+
+  // allow status / body
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    // res.send(body, status) backwards compat
+    if (typeof arguments[0] !== 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
+      deprecate('res.send(body, status): Use res.status(status).send(body) instead');
+      this.statusCode = arguments[1];
+    } else {
+      deprecate('res.send(status, body): Use res.status(status).send(body) instead');
+      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
+      chunk = arguments[1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // disambiguate res.send(status) and res.send(status, num)
+  if (typeof chunk === 'number' && arguments.length === 1) {
+    // res.send(status) will set status message as text string
+    if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
+      this.type('txt');
+    }
+
+    deprecate('res.send(status): Use res.sendStatus(status) instead');
+    this.statusCode = chunk;
+    chunk = statuses[chunk]
+  }
+
+  switch (typeof chunk) {
+    // string defaulting to html
+    case 'string':
+      if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
+        this.type('html');
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'boolean':
+    case 'number':
+    case 'object':
+      if (chunk === null) {
+        chunk = '';
+      } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
+        if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
+          this.type('bin');
+        }
+      } else {
+        return this.json(chunk);
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // write strings in utf-8
+  if (typeof chunk === 'string') {
+    encoding = 'utf8';
+    type = this.get('Content-Type');
+
+    // reflect this in content-type
+    if (typeof type === 'string') {
+      this.set('Content-Type', setCharset(type, 'utf-8'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // determine if ETag should be generated
+  var etagFn = app.get('etag fn')
+  var generateETag = !this.get('ETag') && typeof etagFn === 'function'
+
+  // populate Content-Length
+  var len
+  if (chunk !== undefined) {
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
+      // get length of Buffer
+      len = chunk.length
+    } else if (!generateETag && chunk.length < 1000) {
+      // just calculate length when no ETag + small chunk
+      len = Buffer.byteLength(chunk, encoding)
+    } else {
+      // convert chunk to Buffer and calculate
+      chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding)
+      encoding = undefined;
+      len = chunk.length
+    }
+
+    this.set('Content-Length', len);
+  }
+
+  // populate ETag
+  var etag;
+  if (generateETag && len !== undefined) {
+    if ((etag = etagFn(chunk, encoding))) {
+      this.set('ETag', etag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // freshness
+  if (req.fresh) this.statusCode = 304;
+
+  // strip irrelevant headers
+  if (204 === this.statusCode || 304 === this.statusCode) {
+    this.removeHeader('Content-Type');
+    this.removeHeader('Content-Length');
+    this.removeHeader('Transfer-Encoding');
+    chunk = '';
+  }
+
+  if (req.method === 'HEAD') {
+    // skip body for HEAD
+    this.end();
+  } else {
+    // respond
+    this.end(chunk, encoding);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Send JSON response.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     res.json(null);
+ *     res.json({ user: 'tj' });
+ *
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|object} obj
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.json = function json(obj) {
+  var val = obj;
+
+  // allow status / body
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    // res.json(body, status) backwards compat
+    if (typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
+      deprecate('res.json(obj, status): Use res.status(status).json(obj) instead');
+      this.statusCode = arguments[1];
+    } else {
+      deprecate('res.json(status, obj): Use res.status(status).json(obj) instead');
+      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
+      val = arguments[1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // settings
+  var app = this.app;
+  var escape = app.get('json escape')
+  var replacer = app.get('json replacer');
+  var spaces = app.get('json spaces');
+  var body = stringify(val, replacer, spaces, escape)
+
+  // content-type
+  if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
+    this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
+  }
+
+  return this.send(body);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Send JSON response with JSONP callback support.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     res.jsonp(null);
+ *     res.jsonp({ user: 'tj' });
+ *
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|object} obj
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.jsonp = function jsonp(obj) {
+  var val = obj;
+
+  // allow status / body
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    // res.json(body, status) backwards compat
+    if (typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
+      deprecate('res.jsonp(obj, status): Use res.status(status).json(obj) instead');
+      this.statusCode = arguments[1];
+    } else {
+      deprecate('res.jsonp(status, obj): Use res.status(status).jsonp(obj) instead');
+      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
+      val = arguments[1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // settings
+  var app = this.app;
+  var escape = app.get('json escape')
+  var replacer = app.get('json replacer');
+  var spaces = app.get('json spaces');
+  var body = stringify(val, replacer, spaces, escape)
+  var callback = this.req.query[app.get('jsonp callback name')];
+
+  // content-type
+  if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
+    this.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
+    this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
+  }
+
+  // fixup callback
+  if (Array.isArray(callback)) {
+    callback = callback[0];
+  }
+
+  // jsonp
+  if (typeof callback === 'string' && callback.length !== 0) {
+    this.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
+    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/javascript');
+
+    // restrict callback charset
+    callback = callback.replace(/[^\[\]\w$.]/g, '');
+
+    // replace chars not allowed in JavaScript that are in JSON
+    body = body
+      .replace(/\u2028/g, '\\u2028')
+      .replace(/\u2029/g, '\\u2029');
+
+    // the /**/ is a specific security mitigation for "Rosetta Flash JSONP abuse"
+    // the typeof check is just to reduce client error noise
+    body = '/**/ typeof ' + callback + ' === \'function\' && ' + callback + '(' + body + ');';
+  }
+
+  return this.send(body);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Send given HTTP status code.
+ *
+ * Sets the response status to `statusCode` and the body of the
+ * response to the standard description from node's http.STATUS_CODES
+ * or the statusCode number if no description.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     res.sendStatus(200);
+ *
+ * @param {number} statusCode
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.sendStatus = function sendStatus(statusCode) {
+  var body = statuses[statusCode] || String(statusCode)
+
+  this.statusCode = statusCode;
+  this.type('txt');
+
+  return this.send(body);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
+ *
+ * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
+ * The callback `callback(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
+ * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.sentHeader`
+ * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
+ * may have already been transferred.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
+ *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
+ *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
+ *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
+ *
+ * Other options are passed along to `send`.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendFile()` may
+ *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
+ *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendFile()` is actually
+ *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
+ *
+ *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
+ *       var uid = req.params.uid
+ *         , file = req.params.file;
+ *
+ *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
+ *         if (yes) {
+ *           res.sendFile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
+ *         } else {
+ *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.sendFile = function sendFile(path, options, callback) {
+  var done = callback;
+  var req = this.req;
+  var res = this;
+  var next = req.next;
+  var opts = options || {};
+
+  if (!path) {
+    throw new TypeError('path argument is required to res.sendFile');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof path !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('path must be a string to res.sendFile')
+  }
+
+  // support function as second arg
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    done = options;
+    opts = {};
+  }
+
+  if (!opts.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
+    throw new TypeError('path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile');
+  }
+
+  // create file stream
+  var pathname = encodeURI(path);
+  var file = send(req, pathname, opts);
+
+  // transfer
+  sendfile(res, file, opts, function (err) {
+    if (done) return done(err);
+    if (err && err.code === 'EISDIR') return next();
+
+    // next() all but write errors
+    if (err && err.code !== 'ECONNABORTED' && err.syscall !== 'write') {
+      next(err);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
+ *
+ * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
+ * The callback `callback(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
+ * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.sentHeader`
+ * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
+ * may have already been transferred.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
+ *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
+ *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
+ *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
+ *
+ * Other options are passed along to `send`.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendfile()` may
+ *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
+ *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendfile()` is actually
+ *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
+ *
+ *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
+ *       var uid = req.params.uid
+ *         , file = req.params.file;
+ *
+ *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
+ *         if (yes) {
+ *           res.sendfile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
+ *         } else {
+ *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.sendfile = function (path, options, callback) {
+  var done = callback;
+  var req = this.req;
+  var res = this;
+  var next = req.next;
+  var opts = options || {};
+
+  // support function as second arg
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    done = options;
+    opts = {};
+  }
+
+  // create file stream
+  var file = send(req, path, opts);
+
+  // transfer
+  sendfile(res, file, opts, function (err) {
+    if (done) return done(err);
+    if (err && err.code === 'EISDIR') return next();
+
+    // next() all but write errors
+    if (err && err.code !== 'ECONNABORTED' && err.syscall !== 'write') {
+      next(err);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+res.sendfile = deprecate.function(res.sendfile,
+  'res.sendfile: Use res.sendFile instead');
+
+/**
+ * Transfer the file at the given `path` as an attachment.
+ *
+ * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
+ * and optional callback `callback(err)`. The callback is invoked
+ * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
+ * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headersSent` if you plan to respond.
+ *
+ * Optionally providing an `options` object to use with `res.sendFile()`.
+ * This function will set the `Content-Disposition` header, overriding
+ * any `Content-Disposition` header passed as header options in order
+ * to set the attachment and filename.
+ *
+ * This method uses `res.sendFile()`.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.download = function download (path, filename, options, callback) {
+  var done = callback;
+  var name = filename;
+  var opts = options || null
+
+  // support function as second or third arg
+  if (typeof filename === 'function') {
+    done = filename;
+    name = null;
+    opts = null
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    done = options
+    opts = null
+  }
+
+  // set Content-Disposition when file is sent
+  var headers = {
+    'Content-Disposition': contentDisposition(name || path)
+  };
+
+  // merge user-provided headers
+  if (opts && opts.headers) {
+    var keys = Object.keys(opts.headers)
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      var key = keys[i]
+      if (key.toLowerCase() !== 'content-disposition') {
+        headers[key] = opts.headers[key]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // merge user-provided options
+  opts = Object.create(opts)
+  opts.headers = headers
+
+  // Resolve the full path for sendFile
+  var fullPath = resolve(path);
+
+  // send file
+  return this.sendFile(fullPath, opts, done)
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
+ * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     res.type('.html');
+ *     res.type('html');
+ *     res.type('json');
+ *     res.type('application/json');
+ *     res.type('png');
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.contentType =
+res.type = function contentType(type) {
+  var ct = type.indexOf('/') === -1
+    ? mime.lookup(type)
+    : type;
+
+  return this.set('Content-Type', ct);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Respond to the Acceptable formats using an `obj`
+ * of mime-type callbacks.
+ *
+ * This method uses `req.accepted`, an array of
+ * acceptable types ordered by their quality values.
+ * When "Accept" is not present the _first_ callback
+ * is invoked, otherwise the first match is used. When
+ * no match is performed the server responds with
+ * 406 "Not Acceptable".
+ *
+ * Content-Type is set for you, however if you choose
+ * you may alter this within the callback using `res.type()`
+ * or `res.set('Content-Type', ...)`.
+ *
+ *    res.format({
+ *      'text/plain': function(){
+ *        res.send('hey');
+ *      },
+ *
+ *      'text/html': function(){
+ *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
+ *      },
+ *
+ *      'appliation/json': function(){
+ *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
+ *      }
+ *    });
+ *
+ * In addition to canonicalized MIME types you may
+ * also use extnames mapped to these types:
+ *
+ *    res.format({
+ *      text: function(){
+ *        res.send('hey');
+ *      },
+ *
+ *      html: function(){
+ *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
+ *      },
+ *
+ *      json: function(){
+ *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
+ *      }
+ *    });
+ *
+ * By default Express passes an `Error`
+ * with a `.status` of 406 to `next(err)`
+ * if a match is not made. If you provide
+ * a `.default` callback it will be invoked
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.format = function(obj){
+  var req = this.req;
+  var next = req.next;
+
+  var fn = obj.default;
+  if (fn) delete obj.default;
+  var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+
+  var key = keys.length > 0
+    ? req.accepts(keys)
+    : false;
+
+  this.vary("Accept");
+
+  if (key) {
+    this.set('Content-Type', normalizeType(key).value);
+    obj[key](req, this, next);
+  } else if (fn) {
+    fn();
+  } else {
+    var err = new Error('Not Acceptable');
+    err.status = err.statusCode = 406;
+    err.types = normalizeTypes(keys).map(function(o){ return o.value });
+    next(err);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set _Content-Disposition_ header to _attachment_ with optional `filename`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} filename
+ * @return {ServerResponse}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.attachment = function attachment(filename) {
+  if (filename) {
+    this.type(extname(filename));
+  }
+
+  this.set('Content-Disposition', contentDisposition(filename));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Append additional header `field` with value `val`.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *    res.append('Link', ['<http://localhost/>', '<http://localhost:3000/>']);
+ *    res.append('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar; Path=/; HttpOnly');
+ *    res.append('Warning', '199 Miscellaneous warning');
+ *
+ * @param {String} field
+ * @param {String|Array} val
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.append = function append(field, val) {
+  var prev = this.get(field);
+  var value = val;
+
+  if (prev) {
+    // concat the new and prev vals
+    value = Array.isArray(prev) ? prev.concat(val)
+      : Array.isArray(val) ? [prev].concat(val)
+      : [prev, val];
+  }
+
+  return this.set(field, value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set header `field` to `val`, or pass
+ * an object of header fields.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *    res.set('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
+ *    res.set('Accept', 'application/json');
+ *    res.set({ Accept: 'text/plain', 'X-API-Key': 'tobi' });
+ *
+ * Aliased as `res.header()`.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} field
+ * @param {String|Array} val
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.set =
+res.header = function header(field, val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    var value = Array.isArray(val)
+      ? val.map(String)
+      : String(val);
+
+    // add charset to content-type
+    if (field.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {
+      if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        throw new TypeError('Content-Type cannot be set to an Array');
+      }
+      if (!charsetRegExp.test(value)) {
+        var charset = mime.charsets.lookup(value.split(';')[0]);
+        if (charset) value += '; charset=' + charset.toLowerCase();
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.setHeader(field, value);
+  } else {
+    for (var key in field) {
+      this.set(key, field[key]);
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get value for header `field`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} field
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.get = function(field){
+  return this.getHeader(field);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Clear cookie `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.clearCookie = function clearCookie(name, options) {
+  var opts = merge({ expires: new Date(1), path: '/' }, options);
+
+  return this.cookie(name, '', opts);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set cookie `name` to `value`, with the given `options`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *    - `maxAge`   max-age in milliseconds, converted to `expires`
+ *    - `signed`   sign the cookie
+ *    - `path`     defaults to "/"
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *    // "Remember Me" for 15 minutes
+ *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true });
+ *
+ *    // same as above
+ *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {String|Object} value
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.cookie = function (name, value, options) {
+  var opts = merge({}, options);
+  var secret = this.req.secret;
+  var signed = opts.signed;
+
+  if (signed && !secret) {
+    throw new Error('cookieParser("secret") required for signed cookies');
+  }
+
+  var val = typeof value === 'object'
+    ? 'j:' + JSON.stringify(value)
+    : String(value);
+
+  if (signed) {
+    val = 's:' + sign(val, secret);
+  }
+
+  if ('maxAge' in opts) {
+    opts.expires = new Date(Date.now() + opts.maxAge);
+    opts.maxAge /= 1000;
+  }
+
+  if (opts.path == null) {
+    opts.path = '/';
+  }
+
+  this.append('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize(name, String(val), opts));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the location header to `url`.
+ *
+ * The given `url` can also be "back", which redirects
+ * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *    res.location('/foo/bar').;
+ *    res.location('http://example.com');
+ *    res.location('../login');
+ *
+ * @param {String} url
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.location = function location(url) {
+  var loc = url;
+
+  // "back" is an alias for the referrer
+  if (url === 'back') {
+    loc = this.req.get('Referrer') || '/';
+  }
+
+  // set location
+  return this.set('Location', encodeUrl(loc));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Redirect to the given `url` with optional response `status`
+ * defaulting to 302.
+ *
+ * The resulting `url` is determined by `res.location()`, so
+ * it will play nicely with mounted apps, relative paths,
+ * `"back"` etc.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *    res.redirect('/foo/bar');
+ *    res.redirect('http://example.com');
+ *    res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com');
+ *    res.redirect('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.redirect = function redirect(url) {
+  var address = url;
+  var body;
+  var status = 302;
+
+  // allow status / url
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
+      status = arguments[0];
+      address = arguments[1];
+    } else {
+      deprecate('res.redirect(url, status): Use res.redirect(status, url) instead');
+      status = arguments[1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Set location header
+  address = this.location(address).get('Location');
+
+  // Support text/{plain,html} by default
+  this.format({
+    text: function(){
+      body = statuses[status] + '. Redirecting to ' + address
+    },
+
+    html: function(){
+      var u = escapeHtml(address);
+      body = '<p>' + statuses[status] + '. Redirecting to <a href="' + u + '">' + u + '</a></p>'
+    },
+
+    default: function(){
+      body = '';
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Respond
+  this.statusCode = status;
+  this.set('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(body));
+
+  if (this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
+    this.end();
+  } else {
+    this.end(body);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add `field` to Vary. If already present in the Vary set, then
+ * this call is simply ignored.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|String} field
+ * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.vary = function(field){
+  // checks for back-compat
+  if (!field || (Array.isArray(field) && !field.length)) {
+    deprecate('res.vary(): Provide a field name');
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  vary(this, field);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
+ * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made
+ * automatically, otherwise a response of _200_ and _text/html_ is given.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `cache`     boolean hinting to the engine it should cache
+ *  - `filename`  filename of the view being rendered
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+res.render = function render(view, options, callback) {
+  var app = this.req.app;
+  var done = callback;
+  var opts = options || {};
+  var req = this.req;
+  var self = this;
+
+  // support callback function as second arg
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    done = options;
+    opts = {};
+  }
+
+  // merge res.locals
+  opts._locals = self.locals;
+
+  // default callback to respond
+  done = done || function (err, str) {
+    if (err) return req.next(err);
+    self.send(str);
+  };
+
+  // render
+  app.render(view, opts, done);
+};
+
+// pipe the send file stream
+function sendfile(res, file, options, callback) {
+  var done = false;
+  var streaming;
+
+  // request aborted
+  function onaborted() {
+    if (done) return;
+    done = true;
+
+    var err = new Error('Request aborted');
+    err.code = 'ECONNABORTED';
+    callback(err);
+  }
+
+  // directory
+  function ondirectory() {
+    if (done) return;
+    done = true;
+
+    var err = new Error('EISDIR, read');
+    err.code = 'EISDIR';
+    callback(err);
+  }
+
+  // errors
+  function onerror(err) {
+    if (done) return;
+    done = true;
+    callback(err);
+  }
+
+  // ended
+  function onend() {
+    if (done) return;
+    done = true;
+    callback();
+  }
+
+  // file
+  function onfile() {
+    streaming = false;
+  }
+
+  // finished
+  function onfinish(err) {
+    if (err && err.code === 'ECONNRESET') return onaborted();
+    if (err) return onerror(err);
+    if (done) return;
+
+    setImmediate(function () {
+      if (streaming !== false && !done) {
+        onaborted();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      callback();
+    });
+  }
+
+  // streaming
+  function onstream() {
+    streaming = true;
+  }
+
+  file.on('directory', ondirectory);
+  file.on('end', onend);
+  file.on('error', onerror);
+  file.on('file', onfile);
+  file.on('stream', onstream);
+  onFinished(res, onfinish);
+
+  if (options.headers) {
+    // set headers on successful transfer
+    file.on('headers', function headers(res) {
+      var obj = options.headers;
+      var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+        var k = keys[i];
+        res.setHeader(k, obj[k]);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  // pipe
+  file.pipe(res);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stringify JSON, like JSON.stringify, but v8 optimized, with the
+ * ability to escape characters that can trigger HTML sniffing.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value
+ * @param {function} replaces
+ * @param {number} spaces
+ * @param {boolean} escape
+ * @returns {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function stringify (value, replacer, spaces, escape) {
+  // v8 checks arguments.length for optimizing simple call
+  // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=4730
+  var json = replacer || spaces
+    ? JSON.stringify(value, replacer, spaces)
+    : JSON.stringify(value);
+
+  if (escape) {
+    json = json.replace(/[<>&]/g, function (c) {
+      switch (c.charCodeAt(0)) {
+        case 0x3c:
+          return '\\u003c'
+        case 0x3e:
+          return '\\u003e'
+        case 0x26:
+          return '\\u0026'
+        /* istanbul ignore next: unreachable default */
+        default:
+          return c
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  return json
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69e6d3800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var Route = require('./route');
+var Layer = require('./layer');
+var methods = require('methods');
+var mixin = require('utils-merge');
+var debug = require('debug')('express:router');
+var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
+var flatten = require('array-flatten');
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl');
+var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var objectRegExp = /^\[object (\S+)\]$/;
+var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new `Router` with the given `options`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @return {Router} which is an callable function
+ * @public
+ */
+
+var proto = module.exports = function(options) {
+  var opts = options || {};
+
+  function router(req, res, next) {
+    router.handle(req, res, next);
+  }
+
+  // mixin Router class functions
+  setPrototypeOf(router, proto)
+
+  router.params = {};
+  router._params = [];
+  router.caseSensitive = opts.caseSensitive;
+  router.mergeParams = opts.mergeParams;
+  router.strict = opts.strict;
+  router.stack = [];
+
+  return router;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map the given param placeholder `name`(s) to the given callback.
+ *
+ * Parameter mapping is used to provide pre-conditions to routes
+ * which use normalized placeholders. For example a _:user_id_ parameter
+ * could automatically load a user's information from the database without
+ * any additional code,
+ *
+ * The callback uses the same signature as middleware, the only difference
+ * being that the value of the placeholder is passed, in this case the _id_
+ * of the user. Once the `next()` function is invoked, just like middleware
+ * it will continue on to execute the route, or subsequent parameter functions.
+ *
+ * Just like in middleware, you must either respond to the request or call next
+ * to avoid stalling the request.
+ *
+ *  app.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id){
+ *    User.find(id, function(err, user){
+ *      if (err) {
+ *        return next(err);
+ *      } else if (!user) {
+ *        return next(new Error('failed to load user'));
+ *      }
+ *      req.user = user;
+ *      next();
+ *    });
+ *  });
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @public
+ */
+
+proto.param = function param(name, fn) {
+  // param logic
+  if (typeof name === 'function') {
+    deprecate('router.param(fn): Refactor to use path params');
+    this._params.push(name);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // apply param functions
+  var params = this._params;
+  var len = params.length;
+  var ret;
+
+  if (name[0] === ':') {
+    deprecate('router.param(' + JSON.stringify(name) + ', fn): Use router.param(' + JSON.stringify(name.substr(1)) + ', fn) instead');
+    name = name.substr(1);
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (ret = params[i](name, fn)) {
+      fn = ret;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ensure we end up with a
+  // middleware function
+  if ('function' !== typeof fn) {
+    throw new Error('invalid param() call for ' + name + ', got ' + fn);
+  }
+
+  (this.params[name] = this.params[name] || []).push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Dispatch a req, res into the router.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+proto.handle = function handle(req, res, out) {
+  var self = this;
+
+  debug('dispatching %s %s', req.method, req.url);
+
+  var idx = 0;
+  var protohost = getProtohost(req.url) || ''
+  var removed = '';
+  var slashAdded = false;
+  var paramcalled = {};
+
+  // store options for OPTIONS request
+  // only used if OPTIONS request
+  var options = [];
+
+  // middleware and routes
+  var stack = self.stack;
+
+  // manage inter-router variables
+  var parentParams = req.params;
+  var parentUrl = req.baseUrl || '';
+  var done = restore(out, req, 'baseUrl', 'next', 'params');
+
+  // setup next layer
+  req.next = next;
+
+  // for options requests, respond with a default if nothing else responds
+  if (req.method === 'OPTIONS') {
+    done = wrap(done, function(old, err) {
+      if (err || options.length === 0) return old(err);
+      sendOptionsResponse(res, options, old);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // setup basic req values
+  req.baseUrl = parentUrl;
+  req.originalUrl = req.originalUrl || req.url;
+
+  next();
+
+  function next(err) {
+    var layerError = err === 'route'
+      ? null
+      : err;
+
+    // remove added slash
+    if (slashAdded) {
+      req.url = req.url.substr(1);
+      slashAdded = false;
+    }
+
+    // restore altered req.url
+    if (removed.length !== 0) {
+      req.baseUrl = parentUrl;
+      req.url = protohost + removed + req.url.substr(protohost.length);
+      removed = '';
+    }
+
+    // signal to exit router
+    if (layerError === 'router') {
+      setImmediate(done, null)
+      return
+    }
+
+    // no more matching layers
+    if (idx >= stack.length) {
+      setImmediate(done, layerError);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // get pathname of request
+    var path = getPathname(req);
+
+    if (path == null) {
+      return done(layerError);
+    }
+
+    // find next matching layer
+    var layer;
+    var match;
+    var route;
+
+    while (match !== true && idx < stack.length) {
+      layer = stack[idx++];
+      match = matchLayer(layer, path);
+      route = layer.route;
+
+      if (typeof match !== 'boolean') {
+        // hold on to layerError
+        layerError = layerError || match;
+      }
+
+      if (match !== true) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (!route) {
+        // process non-route handlers normally
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (layerError) {
+        // routes do not match with a pending error
+        match = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      var method = req.method;
+      var has_method = route._handles_method(method);
+
+      // build up automatic options response
+      if (!has_method && method === 'OPTIONS') {
+        appendMethods(options, route._options());
+      }
+
+      // don't even bother matching route
+      if (!has_method && method !== 'HEAD') {
+        match = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no match
+    if (match !== true) {
+      return done(layerError);
+    }
+
+    // store route for dispatch on change
+    if (route) {
+      req.route = route;
+    }
+
+    // Capture one-time layer values
+    req.params = self.mergeParams
+      ? mergeParams(layer.params, parentParams)
+      : layer.params;
+    var layerPath = layer.path;
+
+    // this should be done for the layer
+    self.process_params(layer, paramcalled, req, res, function (err) {
+      if (err) {
+        return next(layerError || err);
+      }
+
+      if (route) {
+        return layer.handle_request(req, res, next);
+      }
+
+      trim_prefix(layer, layerError, layerPath, path);
+    });
+  }
+
+  function trim_prefix(layer, layerError, layerPath, path) {
+    if (layerPath.length !== 0) {
+      // Validate path breaks on a path separator
+      var c = path[layerPath.length]
+      if (c && c !== '/' && c !== '.') return next(layerError)
+
+      // Trim off the part of the url that matches the route
+      // middleware (.use stuff) needs to have the path stripped
+      debug('trim prefix (%s) from url %s', layerPath, req.url);
+      removed = layerPath;
+      req.url = protohost + req.url.substr(protohost.length + removed.length);
+
+      // Ensure leading slash
+      if (!protohost && req.url[0] !== '/') {
+        req.url = '/' + req.url;
+        slashAdded = true;
+      }
+
+      // Setup base URL (no trailing slash)
+      req.baseUrl = parentUrl + (removed[removed.length - 1] === '/'
+        ? removed.substring(0, removed.length - 1)
+        : removed);
+    }
+
+    debug('%s %s : %s', layer.name, layerPath, req.originalUrl);
+
+    if (layerError) {
+      layer.handle_error(layerError, req, res, next);
+    } else {
+      layer.handle_request(req, res, next);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Process any parameters for the layer.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+proto.process_params = function process_params(layer, called, req, res, done) {
+  var params = this.params;
+
+  // captured parameters from the layer, keys and values
+  var keys = layer.keys;
+
+  // fast track
+  if (!keys || keys.length === 0) {
+    return done();
+  }
+
+  var i = 0;
+  var name;
+  var paramIndex = 0;
+  var key;
+  var paramVal;
+  var paramCallbacks;
+  var paramCalled;
+
+  // process params in order
+  // param callbacks can be async
+  function param(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    if (i >= keys.length ) {
+      return done();
+    }
+
+    paramIndex = 0;
+    key = keys[i++];
+    name = key.name;
+    paramVal = req.params[name];
+    paramCallbacks = params[name];
+    paramCalled = called[name];
+
+    if (paramVal === undefined || !paramCallbacks) {
+      return param();
+    }
+
+    // param previously called with same value or error occurred
+    if (paramCalled && (paramCalled.match === paramVal
+      || (paramCalled.error && paramCalled.error !== 'route'))) {
+      // restore value
+      req.params[name] = paramCalled.value;
+
+      // next param
+      return param(paramCalled.error);
+    }
+
+    called[name] = paramCalled = {
+      error: null,
+      match: paramVal,
+      value: paramVal
+    };
+
+    paramCallback();
+  }
+
+  // single param callbacks
+  function paramCallback(err) {
+    var fn = paramCallbacks[paramIndex++];
+
+    // store updated value
+    paramCalled.value = req.params[key.name];
+
+    if (err) {
+      // store error
+      paramCalled.error = err;
+      param(err);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!fn) return param();
+
+    try {
+      fn(req, res, paramCallback, paramVal, key.name);
+    } catch (e) {
+      paramCallback(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  param();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Use the given middleware function, with optional path, defaulting to "/".
+ *
+ * Use (like `.all`) will run for any http METHOD, but it will not add
+ * handlers for those methods so OPTIONS requests will not consider `.use`
+ * functions even if they could respond.
+ *
+ * The other difference is that _route_ path is stripped and not visible
+ * to the handler function. The main effect of this feature is that mounted
+ * handlers can operate without any code changes regardless of the "prefix"
+ * pathname.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+
+proto.use = function use(fn) {
+  var offset = 0;
+  var path = '/';
+
+  // default path to '/'
+  // disambiguate router.use([fn])
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    var arg = fn;
+
+    while (Array.isArray(arg) && arg.length !== 0) {
+      arg = arg[0];
+    }
+
+    // first arg is the path
+    if (typeof arg !== 'function') {
+      offset = 1;
+      path = fn;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var callbacks = flatten(slice.call(arguments, offset));
+
+  if (callbacks.length === 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Router.use() requires a middleware function')
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++) {
+    var fn = callbacks[i];
+
+    if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+      throw new TypeError('Router.use() requires a middleware function but got a ' + gettype(fn))
+    }
+
+    // add the middleware
+    debug('use %o %s', path, fn.name || '<anonymous>')
+
+    var layer = new Layer(path, {
+      sensitive: this.caseSensitive,
+      strict: false,
+      end: false
+    }, fn);
+
+    layer.route = undefined;
+
+    this.stack.push(layer);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Route for the given path.
+ *
+ * Each route contains a separate middleware stack and VERB handlers.
+ *
+ * See the Route api documentation for details on adding handlers
+ * and middleware to routes.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Route}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+proto.route = function route(path) {
+  var route = new Route(path);
+
+  var layer = new Layer(path, {
+    sensitive: this.caseSensitive,
+    strict: this.strict,
+    end: true
+  }, route.dispatch.bind(route));
+
+  layer.route = route;
+
+  this.stack.push(layer);
+  return route;
+};
+
+// create Router#VERB functions
+methods.concat('all').forEach(function(method){
+  proto[method] = function(path){
+    var route = this.route(path)
+    route[method].apply(route, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+// append methods to a list of methods
+function appendMethods(list, addition) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < addition.length; i++) {
+    var method = addition[i];
+    if (list.indexOf(method) === -1) {
+      list.push(method);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// get pathname of request
+function getPathname(req) {
+  try {
+    return parseUrl(req).pathname;
+  } catch (err) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+// Get get protocol + host for a URL
+function getProtohost(url) {
+  if (typeof url !== 'string' || url.length === 0 || url[0] === '/') {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  var searchIndex = url.indexOf('?')
+  var pathLength = searchIndex !== -1
+    ? searchIndex
+    : url.length
+  var fqdnIndex = url.substr(0, pathLength).indexOf('://')
+
+  return fqdnIndex !== -1
+    ? url.substr(0, url.indexOf('/', 3 + fqdnIndex))
+    : undefined
+}
+
+// get type for error message
+function gettype(obj) {
+  var type = typeof obj;
+
+  if (type !== 'object') {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  // inspect [[Class]] for objects
+  return toString.call(obj)
+    .replace(objectRegExp, '$1');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Match path to a layer.
+ *
+ * @param {Layer} layer
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function matchLayer(layer, path) {
+  try {
+    return layer.match(path);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return err;
+  }
+}
+
+// merge params with parent params
+function mergeParams(params, parent) {
+  if (typeof parent !== 'object' || !parent) {
+    return params;
+  }
+
+  // make copy of parent for base
+  var obj = mixin({}, parent);
+
+  // simple non-numeric merging
+  if (!(0 in params) || !(0 in parent)) {
+    return mixin(obj, params);
+  }
+
+  var i = 0;
+  var o = 0;
+
+  // determine numeric gaps
+  while (i in params) {
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  while (o in parent) {
+    o++;
+  }
+
+  // offset numeric indices in params before merge
+  for (i--; i >= 0; i--) {
+    params[i + o] = params[i];
+
+    // create holes for the merge when necessary
+    if (i < o) {
+      delete params[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return mixin(obj, params);
+}
+
+// restore obj props after function
+function restore(fn, obj) {
+  var props = new Array(arguments.length - 2);
+  var vals = new Array(arguments.length - 2);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+    props[i] = arguments[i + 2];
+    vals[i] = obj[props[i]];
+  }
+
+  return function () {
+    // restore vals
+    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+      obj[props[i]] = vals[i];
+    }
+
+    return fn.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+}
+
+// send an OPTIONS response
+function sendOptionsResponse(res, options, next) {
+  try {
+    var body = options.join(',');
+    res.set('Allow', body);
+    res.send(body);
+  } catch (err) {
+    next(err);
+  }
+}
+
+// wrap a function
+function wrap(old, fn) {
+  return function proxy() {
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length + 1);
+
+    args[0] = old;
+    for (var i = 0, len = arguments.length; i < len; i++) {
+      args[i + 1] = arguments[i];
+    }
+
+    fn.apply(this, args);
+  };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/layer.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/layer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dc8e86d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/layer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var pathRegexp = require('path-to-regexp');
+var debug = require('debug')('express:router:layer');
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = Layer;
+
+function Layer(path, options, fn) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Layer)) {
+    return new Layer(path, options, fn);
+  }
+
+  debug('new %o', path)
+  var opts = options || {};
+
+  this.handle = fn;
+  this.name = fn.name || '<anonymous>';
+  this.params = undefined;
+  this.path = undefined;
+  this.regexp = pathRegexp(path, this.keys = [], opts);
+
+  // set fast path flags
+  this.regexp.fast_star = path === '*'
+  this.regexp.fast_slash = path === '/' && opts.end === false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle the error for the layer.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} error
+ * @param {Request} req
+ * @param {Response} res
+ * @param {function} next
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Layer.prototype.handle_error = function handle_error(error, req, res, next) {
+  var fn = this.handle;
+
+  if (fn.length !== 4) {
+    // not a standard error handler
+    return next(error);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    fn(error, req, res, next);
+  } catch (err) {
+    next(err);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handle the request for the layer.
+ *
+ * @param {Request} req
+ * @param {Response} res
+ * @param {function} next
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Layer.prototype.handle_request = function handle(req, res, next) {
+  var fn = this.handle;
+
+  if (fn.length > 3) {
+    // not a standard request handler
+    return next();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    fn(req, res, next);
+  } catch (err) {
+    next(err);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if this route matches `path`, if so
+ * populate `.params`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Layer.prototype.match = function match(path) {
+  var match
+
+  if (path != null) {
+    // fast path non-ending match for / (any path matches)
+    if (this.regexp.fast_slash) {
+      this.params = {}
+      this.path = ''
+      return true
+    }
+
+    // fast path for * (everything matched in a param)
+    if (this.regexp.fast_star) {
+      this.params = {'0': decode_param(path)}
+      this.path = path
+      return true
+    }
+
+    // match the path
+    match = this.regexp.exec(path)
+  }
+
+  if (!match) {
+    this.params = undefined;
+    this.path = undefined;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // store values
+  this.params = {};
+  this.path = match[0]
+
+  var keys = this.keys;
+  var params = this.params;
+
+  for (var i = 1; i < match.length; i++) {
+    var key = keys[i - 1];
+    var prop = key.name;
+    var val = decode_param(match[i])
+
+    if (val !== undefined || !(hasOwnProperty.call(params, prop))) {
+      params[prop] = val;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decode param value.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function decode_param(val) {
+  if (typeof val !== 'string' || val.length === 0) {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(val);
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err instanceof URIError) {
+      err.message = 'Failed to decode param \'' + val + '\'';
+      err.status = err.statusCode = 400;
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/route.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/route.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..178df0d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/router/route.js
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var debug = require('debug')('express:router:route');
+var flatten = require('array-flatten');
+var Layer = require('./layer');
+var methods = require('methods');
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = Route;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize `Route` with the given `path`,
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function Route(path) {
+  this.path = path;
+  this.stack = [];
+
+  debug('new %o', path)
+
+  // route handlers for various http methods
+  this.methods = {};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if the route handles a given method.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+Route.prototype._handles_method = function _handles_method(method) {
+  if (this.methods._all) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  var name = method.toLowerCase();
+
+  if (name === 'head' && !this.methods['head']) {
+    name = 'get';
+  }
+
+  return Boolean(this.methods[name]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @return {Array} supported HTTP methods
+ * @private
+ */
+
+Route.prototype._options = function _options() {
+  var methods = Object.keys(this.methods);
+
+  // append automatic head
+  if (this.methods.get && !this.methods.head) {
+    methods.push('head');
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
+    // make upper case
+    methods[i] = methods[i].toUpperCase();
+  }
+
+  return methods;
+};
+
+/**
+ * dispatch req, res into this route
+ * @private
+ */
+
+Route.prototype.dispatch = function dispatch(req, res, done) {
+  var idx = 0;
+  var stack = this.stack;
+  if (stack.length === 0) {
+    return done();
+  }
+
+  var method = req.method.toLowerCase();
+  if (method === 'head' && !this.methods['head']) {
+    method = 'get';
+  }
+
+  req.route = this;
+
+  next();
+
+  function next(err) {
+    // signal to exit route
+    if (err && err === 'route') {
+      return done();
+    }
+
+    // signal to exit router
+    if (err && err === 'router') {
+      return done(err)
+    }
+
+    var layer = stack[idx++];
+    if (!layer) {
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.method && layer.method !== method) {
+      return next(err);
+    }
+
+    if (err) {
+      layer.handle_error(err, req, res, next);
+    } else {
+      layer.handle_request(req, res, next);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add a handler for all HTTP verbs to this route.
+ *
+ * Behaves just like middleware and can respond or call `next`
+ * to continue processing.
+ *
+ * You can use multiple `.all` call to add multiple handlers.
+ *
+ *   function check_something(req, res, next){
+ *     next();
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   function validate_user(req, res, next){
+ *     next();
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   route
+ *   .all(validate_user)
+ *   .all(check_something)
+ *   .get(function(req, res, next){
+ *     res.send('hello world');
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @param {function} handler
+ * @return {Route} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Route.prototype.all = function all() {
+  var handles = flatten(slice.call(arguments));
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < handles.length; i++) {
+    var handle = handles[i];
+
+    if (typeof handle !== 'function') {
+      var type = toString.call(handle);
+      var msg = 'Route.all() requires a callback function but got a ' + type
+      throw new TypeError(msg);
+    }
+
+    var layer = Layer('/', {}, handle);
+    layer.method = undefined;
+
+    this.methods._all = true;
+    this.stack.push(layer);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+methods.forEach(function(method){
+  Route.prototype[method] = function(){
+    var handles = flatten(slice.call(arguments));
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < handles.length; i++) {
+      var handle = handles[i];
+
+      if (typeof handle !== 'function') {
+        var type = toString.call(handle);
+        var msg = 'Route.' + method + '() requires a callback function but got a ' + type
+        throw new Error(msg);
+      }
+
+      debug('%s %o', method, this.path)
+
+      var layer = Layer('/', {}, handle);
+      layer.method = method;
+
+      this.methods[method] = true;
+      this.stack.push(layer);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd81ac7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition');
+var contentType = require('content-type');
+var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
+var flatten = require('array-flatten');
+var mime = require('send').mime;
+var etag = require('etag');
+var proxyaddr = require('proxy-addr');
+var qs = require('qs');
+var querystring = require('querystring');
+
+/**
+ * Return strong ETag for `body`.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Buffer} body
+ * @param {String} [encoding]
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.etag = createETagGenerator({ weak: false })
+
+/**
+ * Return weak ETag for `body`.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Buffer} body
+ * @param {String} [encoding]
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.wetag = createETagGenerator({ weak: true })
+
+/**
+ * Check if `path` looks absolute.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.isAbsolute = function(path){
+  if ('/' === path[0]) return true;
+  if (':' === path[1] && ('\\' === path[2] || '/' === path[2])) return true; // Windows device path
+  if ('\\\\' === path.substring(0, 2)) return true; // Microsoft Azure absolute path
+};
+
+/**
+ * Flatten the given `arr`.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} arr
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.flatten = deprecate.function(flatten,
+  'utils.flatten: use array-flatten npm module instead');
+
+/**
+ * Normalize the given `type`, for example "html" becomes "text/html".
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.normalizeType = function(type){
+  return ~type.indexOf('/')
+    ? acceptParams(type)
+    : { value: mime.lookup(type), params: {} };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Normalize `types`, for example "html" becomes "text/html".
+ *
+ * @param {Array} types
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.normalizeTypes = function(types){
+  var ret = [];
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < types.length; ++i) {
+    ret.push(exports.normalizeType(types[i]));
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generate Content-Disposition header appropriate for the filename.
+ * non-ascii filenames are urlencoded and a filename* parameter is added
+ *
+ * @param {String} filename
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.contentDisposition = deprecate.function(contentDisposition,
+  'utils.contentDisposition: use content-disposition npm module instead');
+
+/**
+ * Parse accept params `str` returning an
+ * object with `.value`, `.quality` and `.params`.
+ * also includes `.originalIndex` for stable sorting
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function acceptParams(str, index) {
+  var parts = str.split(/ *; */);
+  var ret = { value: parts[0], quality: 1, params: {}, originalIndex: index };
+
+  for (var i = 1; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    var pms = parts[i].split(/ *= */);
+    if ('q' === pms[0]) {
+      ret.quality = parseFloat(pms[1]);
+    } else {
+      ret.params[pms[0]] = pms[1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile "etag" value to function.
+ *
+ * @param  {Boolean|String|Function} val
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.compileETag = function(val) {
+  var fn;
+
+  if (typeof val === 'function') {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  switch (val) {
+    case true:
+      fn = exports.wetag;
+      break;
+    case false:
+      break;
+    case 'strong':
+      fn = exports.etag;
+      break;
+    case 'weak':
+      fn = exports.wetag;
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('unknown value for etag function: ' + val);
+  }
+
+  return fn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile "query parser" value to function.
+ *
+ * @param  {String|Function} val
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.compileQueryParser = function compileQueryParser(val) {
+  var fn;
+
+  if (typeof val === 'function') {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  switch (val) {
+    case true:
+      fn = querystring.parse;
+      break;
+    case false:
+      fn = newObject;
+      break;
+    case 'extended':
+      fn = parseExtendedQueryString;
+      break;
+    case 'simple':
+      fn = querystring.parse;
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('unknown value for query parser function: ' + val);
+  }
+
+  return fn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile "proxy trust" value to function.
+ *
+ * @param  {Boolean|String|Number|Array|Function} val
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.compileTrust = function(val) {
+  if (typeof val === 'function') return val;
+
+  if (val === true) {
+    // Support plain true/false
+    return function(){ return true };
+  }
+
+  if (typeof val === 'number') {
+    // Support trusting hop count
+    return function(a, i){ return i < val };
+  }
+
+  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+    // Support comma-separated values
+    val = val.split(/ *, */);
+  }
+
+  return proxyaddr.compile(val || []);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the charset in a given Content-Type string.
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @param {String} charset
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.setCharset = function setCharset(type, charset) {
+  if (!type || !charset) {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  // parse type
+  var parsed = contentType.parse(type);
+
+  // set charset
+  parsed.parameters.charset = charset;
+
+  // format type
+  return contentType.format(parsed);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create an ETag generator function, generating ETags with
+ * the given options.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createETagGenerator (options) {
+  return function generateETag (body, encoding) {
+    var buf = !Buffer.isBuffer(body)
+      ? Buffer.from(body, encoding)
+      : body
+
+    return etag(buf, options)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse an extended query string with qs.
+ *
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseExtendedQueryString(str) {
+  return qs.parse(str, {
+    allowPrototypes: true
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return new empty object.
+ *
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function newObject() {
+  return {};
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/lib/view.js b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/view.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf101caea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/lib/view.js
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*!
+ * express
+ * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var debug = require('debug')('express:view');
+var path = require('path');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var dirname = path.dirname;
+var basename = path.basename;
+var extname = path.extname;
+var join = path.join;
+var resolve = path.resolve;
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = View;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new `View` with the given `name`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *   - `defaultEngine` the default template engine name
+ *   - `engines` template engine require() cache
+ *   - `root` root path for view lookup
+ *
+ * @param {string} name
+ * @param {object} options
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function View(name, options) {
+  var opts = options || {};
+
+  this.defaultEngine = opts.defaultEngine;
+  this.ext = extname(name);
+  this.name = name;
+  this.root = opts.root;
+
+  if (!this.ext && !this.defaultEngine) {
+    throw new Error('No default engine was specified and no extension was provided.');
+  }
+
+  var fileName = name;
+
+  if (!this.ext) {
+    // get extension from default engine name
+    this.ext = this.defaultEngine[0] !== '.'
+      ? '.' + this.defaultEngine
+      : this.defaultEngine;
+
+    fileName += this.ext;
+  }
+
+  if (!opts.engines[this.ext]) {
+    // load engine
+    var mod = this.ext.substr(1)
+    debug('require "%s"', mod)
+
+    // default engine export
+    var fn = require(mod).__express
+
+    if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+      throw new Error('Module "' + mod + '" does not provide a view engine.')
+    }
+
+    opts.engines[this.ext] = fn
+  }
+
+  // store loaded engine
+  this.engine = opts.engines[this.ext];
+
+  // lookup path
+  this.path = this.lookup(fileName);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lookup view by the given `name`
+ *
+ * @param {string} name
+ * @private
+ */
+
+View.prototype.lookup = function lookup(name) {
+  var path;
+  var roots = [].concat(this.root);
+
+  debug('lookup "%s"', name);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < roots.length && !path; i++) {
+    var root = roots[i];
+
+    // resolve the path
+    var loc = resolve(root, name);
+    var dir = dirname(loc);
+    var file = basename(loc);
+
+    // resolve the file
+    path = this.resolve(dir, file);
+  }
+
+  return path;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Render with the given options.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+
+View.prototype.render = function render(options, callback) {
+  debug('render "%s"', this.path);
+  this.engine(this.path, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the file within the given directory.
+ *
+ * @param {string} dir
+ * @param {string} file
+ * @private
+ */
+
+View.prototype.resolve = function resolve(dir, file) {
+  var ext = this.ext;
+
+  // <path>.<ext>
+  var path = join(dir, file);
+  var stat = tryStat(path);
+
+  if (stat && stat.isFile()) {
+    return path;
+  }
+
+  // <path>/index.<ext>
+  path = join(dir, basename(file, ext), 'index' + ext);
+  stat = tryStat(path);
+
+  if (stat && stat.isFile()) {
+    return path;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return a stat, maybe.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @return {fs.Stats}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function tryStat(path) {
+  debug('stat "%s"', path);
+
+  try {
+    return fs.statSync(path);
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/express/package.json b/backend/node_modules/express/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68c7ccb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/express/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+{
+  "_from": "express",
+  "_id": "express@4.17.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-mHJ9O79RqluphRrcw2X/GTh3k9tVv8YcoyY4Kkh4WDMUYKRZUq0h1o0w2rrrxBqM7VoeUVqgb27xlEMXTnYt4g==",
+  "_location": "/express",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "tag",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "express",
+    "name": "express",
+    "escapedName": "express",
+    "rawSpec": "",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "latest"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.17.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "4491fc38605cf51f8629d39c2b5d026f98a4c134",
+  "_spec": "express",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/express/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Aaron Heckmann",
+      "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ciaran Jessup",
+      "email": "ciaranj@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Guillermo Rauch",
+      "email": "rauchg@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Roman Shtylman",
+      "email": "shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Young Jae Sim",
+      "email": "hanul@hanul.me"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "accepts": "~1.3.7",
+    "array-flatten": "1.1.1",
+    "body-parser": "1.19.0",
+    "content-disposition": "0.5.3",
+    "content-type": "~1.0.4",
+    "cookie": "0.4.0",
+    "cookie-signature": "1.0.6",
+    "debug": "2.6.9",
+    "depd": "~1.1.2",
+    "encodeurl": "~1.0.2",
+    "escape-html": "~1.0.3",
+    "etag": "~1.8.1",
+    "finalhandler": "~1.1.2",
+    "fresh": "0.5.2",
+    "merge-descriptors": "1.0.1",
+    "methods": "~1.1.2",
+    "on-finished": "~2.3.0",
+    "parseurl": "~1.3.3",
+    "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7",
+    "proxy-addr": "~2.0.5",
+    "qs": "6.7.0",
+    "range-parser": "~1.2.1",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2",
+    "send": "0.17.1",
+    "serve-static": "1.14.1",
+    "setprototypeof": "1.1.1",
+    "statuses": "~1.5.0",
+    "type-is": "~1.6.18",
+    "utils-merge": "1.0.1",
+    "vary": "~1.1.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "after": "0.8.2",
+    "connect-redis": "3.4.1",
+    "cookie-parser": "~1.4.4",
+    "cookie-session": "1.3.3",
+    "ejs": "2.6.1",
+    "eslint": "2.13.1",
+    "express-session": "1.16.1",
+    "hbs": "4.0.4",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "marked": "0.6.2",
+    "method-override": "3.0.0",
+    "mocha": "5.2.0",
+    "morgan": "1.9.1",
+    "multiparty": "4.2.1",
+    "pbkdf2-password": "1.2.1",
+    "should": "13.2.3",
+    "supertest": "3.3.0",
+    "vhost": "~3.0.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "History.md",
+    "Readme.md",
+    "index.js",
+    "lib/"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "http://expressjs.com/",
+  "keywords": [
+    "express",
+    "framework",
+    "sinatra",
+    "web",
+    "rest",
+    "restful",
+    "router",
+    "app",
+    "api"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "express",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/expressjs/express.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
+    "test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/"
+  },
+  "version": "4.17.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..920c35e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+1.1.2 / 2019-05-09
+==================
+
+  * Set stricter `Content-Security-Policy` header
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.3
+  * deps: statuses@~1.5.0
+
+1.1.1 / 2018-03-06
+==================
+
+  * Fix 404 output for bad / missing pathnames
+  * deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - Fix encoding `%` as last character
+  * deps: statuses@~1.4.0
+
+1.1.0 / 2017-09-24
+==================
+
+  * Use `res.headersSent` when available
+
+1.0.6 / 2017-09-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.9
+
+1.0.5 / 2017-09-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.2
+    - perf: reduce overhead for full URLs
+    - perf: unroll the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+
+1.0.4 / 2017-08-03
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.8
+
+1.0.3 / 2017-05-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.7
+    - deps: ms@2.0.0
+
+1.0.2 / 2017-04-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.4
+    - deps: ms@0.7.3
+
+1.0.1 / 2017-03-21
+==================
+
+  * Fix missing `</html>` in HTML document
+  * deps: debug@2.6.3
+    - Fix: `DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
+
+1.0.0 / 2017-02-15
+==================
+
+  * Fix exception when `err` cannot be converted to a string
+  * Fully URL-encode the pathname in the 404 message
+  * Only include the pathname in the 404 message
+  * Send complete HTML document
+  * Set `Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'` header
+  * deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - Allow colors in workers
+    - Deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable set to `3` or higher
+    - Fix error when running under React Native
+    - Use same color for same namespace
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+
+0.5.1 / 2016-11-12
+==================
+
+  * Fix exception when `err.headers` is not an object
+  * deps: statuses@~1.3.1
+  * perf: hoist regular expressions
+  * perf: remove duplicate validation path
+
+0.5.0 / 2016-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Change invalid or non-numeric status code to 500
+  * Overwrite status message to match set status code
+  * Prefer `err.statusCode` if `err.status` is invalid
+  * Set response headers from `err.headers` object
+  * Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+    - Includes all defined status messages
+
+0.4.1 / 2015-12-02
+==================
+
+  * deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: optimize string replacement
+    - perf: use faster string coercion
+
+0.4.0 / 2015-06-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix a false-positive when unpiping in Node.js 0.8
+  * Support `statusCode` property on `Error` objects
+  * Use `unpipe` module for unpiping requests
+  * deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+    - deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+0.3.6 / 2015-05-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+
+0.3.5 / 2015-04-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+    - Fix `isFinished(req)` when data buffered
+
+0.3.4 / 2015-03-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+
+0.3.3 / 2015-01-01
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.1
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+
+0.3.2 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+    - Fix handling of pipelined requests
+
+0.3.1 / 2014-10-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - Implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+
+0.3.0 / 2014-09-17
+==================
+
+  * Terminate in progress response only on error
+  * Use `on-finished` to determine request status
+
+0.2.0 / 2014-09-03
+==================
+
+  * Set `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff` header
+  * deps: debug@~2.0.0
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-07-16
+==================
+
+  * Respond after request fully read
+    - prevents hung responses and socket hang ups
+  * deps: debug@1.0.4
+
+0.0.3 / 2014-07-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@1.0.3
+    - Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces
+
+0.0.2 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * Handle invalid status codes
+
+0.0.1 / 2014-06-05
+==================
+
+  * deps: debug@1.0.2
+
+0.0.0 / 2014-06-05
+==================
+
+  * Extracted from connect/express
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb3098277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/README.md b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96327f0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# finalhandler
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Node.js function to invoke as the final step to respond to HTTP request.
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install finalhandler
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+```
+
+### finalhandler(req, res, [options])
+
+Returns function to be invoked as the final step for the given `req` and `res`.
+This function is to be invoked as `fn(err)`. If `err` is falsy, the handler will
+write out a 404 response to the `res`. If it is truthy, an error response will
+be written out to the `res`.
+
+When an error is written, the following information is added to the response:
+
+  * The `res.statusCode` is set from `err.status` (or `err.statusCode`). If
+    this value is outside the 4xx or 5xx range, it will be set to 500.
+  * The `res.statusMessage` is set according to the status code.
+  * The body will be the HTML of the status code message if `env` is
+    `'production'`, otherwise will be `err.stack`.
+  * Any headers specified in an `err.headers` object.
+
+The final handler will also unpipe anything from `req` when it is invoked.
+
+#### options.env
+
+By default, the environment is determined by `NODE_ENV` variable, but it can be
+overridden by this option.
+
+#### options.onerror
+
+Provide a function to be called with the `err` when it exists. Can be used for
+writing errors to a central location without excessive function generation. Called
+as `onerror(err, req, res)`.
+
+## Examples
+
+### always 404
+
+```js
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+var http = require('http')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var done = finalhandler(req, res)
+  done()
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### perform simple action
+
+```js
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+var fs = require('fs')
+var http = require('http')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var done = finalhandler(req, res)
+
+  fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, buf) {
+    if (err) return done(err)
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html')
+    res.end(buf)
+  })
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### use with middleware-style functions
+
+```js
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+var http = require('http')
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+
+var serve = serveStatic('public')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var done = finalhandler(req, res)
+  serve(req, res, done)
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### keep log of all errors
+
+```js
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+var fs = require('fs')
+var http = require('http')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var done = finalhandler(req, res, { onerror: logerror })
+
+  fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, buf) {
+    if (err) return done(err)
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html')
+    res.end(buf)
+  })
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+
+function logerror (err) {
+  console.error(err.stack || err.toString())
+}
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/finalhandler.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/finalhandler
+[node-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/finalhandler.svg
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/pillarjs/finalhandler.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/finalhandler
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/pillarjs/finalhandler.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/finalhandler?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/finalhandler.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/finalhandler
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/index.js b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..567350798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+/*!
+ * finalhandler
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var debug = require('debug')('finalhandler')
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl')
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
+var statuses = require('statuses')
+var unpipe = require('unpipe')
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var DOUBLE_SPACE_REGEXP = /\x20{2}/g
+var NEWLINE_REGEXP = /\n/g
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+var defer = typeof setImmediate === 'function'
+  ? setImmediate
+  : function (fn) { process.nextTick(fn.bind.apply(fn, arguments)) }
+var isFinished = onFinished.isFinished
+
+/**
+ * Create a minimal HTML document.
+ *
+ * @param {string} message
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createHtmlDocument (message) {
+  var body = escapeHtml(message)
+    .replace(NEWLINE_REGEXP, '<br>')
+    .replace(DOUBLE_SPACE_REGEXP, ' &nbsp;')
+
+  return '<!DOCTYPE html>\n' +
+    '<html lang="en">\n' +
+    '<head>\n' +
+    '<meta charset="utf-8">\n' +
+    '<title>Error</title>\n' +
+    '</head>\n' +
+    '<body>\n' +
+    '<pre>' + body + '</pre>\n' +
+    '</body>\n' +
+    '</html>\n'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = finalhandler
+
+/**
+ * Create a function to handle the final response.
+ *
+ * @param {Request} req
+ * @param {Response} res
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function finalhandler (req, res, options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  // get environment
+  var env = opts.env || process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development'
+
+  // get error callback
+  var onerror = opts.onerror
+
+  return function (err) {
+    var headers
+    var msg
+    var status
+
+    // ignore 404 on in-flight response
+    if (!err && headersSent(res)) {
+      debug('cannot 404 after headers sent')
+      return
+    }
+
+    // unhandled error
+    if (err) {
+      // respect status code from error
+      status = getErrorStatusCode(err)
+
+      if (status === undefined) {
+        // fallback to status code on response
+        status = getResponseStatusCode(res)
+      } else {
+        // respect headers from error
+        headers = getErrorHeaders(err)
+      }
+
+      // get error message
+      msg = getErrorMessage(err, status, env)
+    } else {
+      // not found
+      status = 404
+      msg = 'Cannot ' + req.method + ' ' + encodeUrl(getResourceName(req))
+    }
+
+    debug('default %s', status)
+
+    // schedule onerror callback
+    if (err && onerror) {
+      defer(onerror, err, req, res)
+    }
+
+    // cannot actually respond
+    if (headersSent(res)) {
+      debug('cannot %d after headers sent', status)
+      req.socket.destroy()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // send response
+    send(req, res, status, headers, msg)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get headers from Error object.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} err
+ * @return {object}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getErrorHeaders (err) {
+  if (!err.headers || typeof err.headers !== 'object') {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  var headers = Object.create(null)
+  var keys = Object.keys(err.headers)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    var key = keys[i]
+    headers[key] = err.headers[key]
+  }
+
+  return headers
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get message from Error object, fallback to status message.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} err
+ * @param {number} status
+ * @param {string} env
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getErrorMessage (err, status, env) {
+  var msg
+
+  if (env !== 'production') {
+    // use err.stack, which typically includes err.message
+    msg = err.stack
+
+    // fallback to err.toString() when possible
+    if (!msg && typeof err.toString === 'function') {
+      msg = err.toString()
+    }
+  }
+
+  return msg || statuses[status]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get status code from Error object.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} err
+ * @return {number}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getErrorStatusCode (err) {
+  // check err.status
+  if (typeof err.status === 'number' && err.status >= 400 && err.status < 600) {
+    return err.status
+  }
+
+  // check err.statusCode
+  if (typeof err.statusCode === 'number' && err.statusCode >= 400 && err.statusCode < 600) {
+    return err.statusCode
+  }
+
+  return undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get resource name for the request.
+ *
+ * This is typically just the original pathname of the request
+ * but will fallback to "resource" is that cannot be determined.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingMessage} req
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getResourceName (req) {
+  try {
+    return parseUrl.original(req).pathname
+  } catch (e) {
+    return 'resource'
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get status code from response.
+ *
+ * @param {OutgoingMessage} res
+ * @return {number}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getResponseStatusCode (res) {
+  var status = res.statusCode
+
+  // default status code to 500 if outside valid range
+  if (typeof status !== 'number' || status < 400 || status > 599) {
+    status = 500
+  }
+
+  return status
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if the response headers have been sent.
+ *
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function headersSent (res) {
+  return typeof res.headersSent !== 'boolean'
+    ? Boolean(res._header)
+    : res.headersSent
+}
+
+/**
+ * Send response.
+ *
+ * @param {IncomingMessage} req
+ * @param {OutgoingMessage} res
+ * @param {number} status
+ * @param {object} headers
+ * @param {string} message
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function send (req, res, status, headers, message) {
+  function write () {
+    // response body
+    var body = createHtmlDocument(message)
+
+    // response status
+    res.statusCode = status
+    res.statusMessage = statuses[status]
+
+    // response headers
+    setHeaders(res, headers)
+
+    // security headers
+    res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'none'")
+    res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
+
+    // standard headers
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(body, 'utf8'))
+
+    if (req.method === 'HEAD') {
+      res.end()
+      return
+    }
+
+    res.end(body, 'utf8')
+  }
+
+  if (isFinished(req)) {
+    write()
+    return
+  }
+
+  // unpipe everything from the request
+  unpipe(req)
+
+  // flush the request
+  onFinished(req, write)
+  req.resume()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set response headers from an object.
+ *
+ * @param {OutgoingMessage} res
+ * @param {object} headers
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function setHeaders (res, headers) {
+  if (!headers) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(headers)
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    var key = keys[i]
+    res.setHeader(key, headers[key])
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/package.json b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71045c78f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/finalhandler/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+  "_from": "finalhandler@~1.1.2",
+  "_id": "finalhandler@1.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-aAWcW57uxVNrQZqFXjITpW3sIUQmHGG3qSb9mUah9MgMC4NeWhNOlNjXEYq3HjRAvL6arUviZGGJsBg6z0zsWA==",
+  "_location": "/finalhandler",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "finalhandler@~1.1.2",
+    "name": "finalhandler",
+    "escapedName": "finalhandler",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/finalhandler/-/finalhandler-1.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "b7e7d000ffd11938d0fdb053506f6ebabe9f587d",
+  "_spec": "finalhandler@~1.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/finalhandler/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "debug": "2.6.9",
+    "encodeurl": "~1.0.2",
+    "escape-html": "~1.0.3",
+    "on-finished": "~2.3.0",
+    "parseurl": "~1.3.3",
+    "statuses": "~1.5.0",
+    "unpipe": "~1.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js final http responder",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "readable-stream": "2.3.6",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2",
+    "supertest": "4.0.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/pillarjs/finalhandler#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "finalhandler",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/pillarjs/finalhandler.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..742cbada5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Copyright 2014–present Olivier Lalonde <olalonde@gmail.com>, James Talmage <james@talmage.io>, Ruben Verborgh
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/README.md b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea618ab79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+## Follow Redirects
+
+Drop-in replacement for Node's `http` and `https` modules that automatically follows redirects.
+
+[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/follow-redirects.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/follow-redirects)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/actions)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/follow-redirects/follow-redirects?branch=master)
+[![npm downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/follow-redirects.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/follow-redirects)
+[![Sponsor on GitHub](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Sponsor&message=%F0%9F%92%96&logo=GitHub)](https://github.com/sponsors/RubenVerborgh)
+
+`follow-redirects` provides [request](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_http_request_options_callback) and [get](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_http_get_options_callback)
+ methods that behave identically to those found on the native [http](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_http_request_options_callback) and [https](https://nodejs.org/api/https.html#https_https_request_options_callback)
+ modules, with the exception that they will seamlessly follow redirects.
+
+```javascript
+const { http, https } = require('follow-redirects');
+
+http.get('http://bit.ly/900913', response => {
+  response.on('data', chunk => {
+    console.log(chunk);
+  });
+}).on('error', err => {
+  console.error(err);
+});
+```
+
+You can inspect the final redirected URL through the `responseUrl` property on the `response`.
+If no redirection happened, `responseUrl` is the original request URL.
+
+```javascript
+const request = https.request({
+  host: 'bitly.com',
+  path: '/UHfDGO',
+}, response => {
+  console.log(response.responseUrl);
+  // 'http://duckduckgo.com/robots.txt'
+});
+request.end();
+```
+
+## Options
+### Global options
+Global options are set directly on the `follow-redirects` module:
+
+```javascript
+const followRedirects = require('follow-redirects');
+followRedirects.maxRedirects = 10;
+followRedirects.maxBodyLength = 20 * 1024 * 1024; // 20 MB
+```
+
+The following global options are supported:
+
+- `maxRedirects` (default: `21`) – sets the maximum number of allowed redirects; if exceeded, an error will be emitted.
+
+- `maxBodyLength` (default: 10MB) – sets the maximum size of the request body; if exceeded, an error will be emitted.
+
+### Per-request options
+Per-request options are set by passing an `options` object:
+
+```javascript
+const url = require('url');
+const { http, https } = require('follow-redirects');
+
+const options = url.parse('http://bit.ly/900913');
+options.maxRedirects = 10;
+options.beforeRedirect = (options, { headers }) => {
+  // Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
+  // to inspect the latest response headers,
+  // or to cancel the request by throwing an error
+  if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
+    options.auth = "user:password";
+  }
+};
+http.request(options);
+```
+
+In addition to the [standard HTTP](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_http_request_options_callback) and [HTTPS options](https://nodejs.org/api/https.html#https_https_request_options_callback),
+the following per-request options are supported:
+- `followRedirects` (default: `true`) – whether redirects should be followed.
+
+- `maxRedirects` (default: `21`) – sets the maximum number of allowed redirects; if exceeded, an error will be emitted.
+
+- `maxBodyLength` (default: 10MB) – sets the maximum size of the request body; if exceeded, an error will be emitted.
+
+- `beforeRedirect` (default: `undefined`) – optionally change the request `options` on redirects, or abort the request by throwing an error.
+
+- `agents` (default: `undefined`) – sets the `agent` option per protocol, since HTTP and HTTPS use different agents. Example value: `{ http: new http.Agent(), https: new https.Agent() }`
+
+- `trackRedirects` (default: `false`) – whether to store the redirected response details into the `redirects` array on the response object.
+
+
+### Advanced usage
+By default, `follow-redirects` will use the Node.js default implementations
+of [`http`](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html)
+and [`https`](https://nodejs.org/api/https.html).
+To enable features such as caching and/or intermediate request tracking,
+you might instead want to wrap `follow-redirects` around custom protocol implementations:
+
+```javascript
+const { http, https } = require('follow-redirects').wrap({
+  http: require('your-custom-http'),
+  https: require('your-custom-https'),
+});
+```
+
+Such custom protocols only need an implementation of the `request` method.
+
+## Browser Usage
+
+Due to the way the browser works,
+the `http` and `https` browser equivalents perform redirects by default.
+
+By requiring `follow-redirects` this way:
+```javascript
+const http = require('follow-redirects/http');
+const https = require('follow-redirects/https');
+```
+you can easily tell webpack and friends to replace
+`follow-redirect` by the built-in versions:
+
+```json
+{
+  "follow-redirects/http"  : "http",
+  "follow-redirects/https" : "https"
+}
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+Pull Requests are always welcome. Please [file an issue](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/issues)
+ detailing your proposal before you invest your valuable time. Additional features and bug fixes should be accompanied
+ by tests. You can run the test suite locally with a simple `npm test` command.
+
+## Debug Logging
+
+`follow-redirects` uses the excellent [debug](https://www.npmjs.com/package/debug) for logging. To turn on logging
+ set the environment variable `DEBUG=follow-redirects` for debug output from just this module. When running the test
+ suite it is sometimes advantageous to set `DEBUG=*` to see output from the express server as well.
+
+## Authors
+
+- [Ruben Verborgh](https://ruben.verborgh.org/)
+- [Olivier Lalonde](mailto:olalonde@gmail.com)
+- [James Talmage](mailto:james@talmage.io)
+
+## License
+
+[MIT License](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/blob/master/LICENSE)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/debug.js b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/debug.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2556d79f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/debug.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+var debug;
+
+module.exports = function () {
+  if (!debug) {
+    try {
+      /* eslint global-require: off */
+      debug = require("debug")("follow-redirects");
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+      debug = function () { /* */ };
+    }
+  }
+  debug.apply(null, arguments);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/http.js b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/http.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..695e35617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/http.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./").http;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/https.js b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/https.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d21c921d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/https.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require("./").https;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/index.js b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ac500efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+var url = require("url");
+var URL = url.URL;
+var http = require("http");
+var https = require("https");
+var Writable = require("stream").Writable;
+var assert = require("assert");
+var debug = require("./debug");
+
+// Create handlers that pass events from native requests
+var events = ["abort", "aborted", "connect", "error", "socket", "timeout"];
+var eventHandlers = Object.create(null);
+events.forEach(function (event) {
+  eventHandlers[event] = function (arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+    this._redirectable.emit(event, arg1, arg2, arg3);
+  };
+});
+
+// Error types with codes
+var RedirectionError = createErrorType(
+  "ERR_FR_REDIRECTION_FAILURE",
+  ""
+);
+var TooManyRedirectsError = createErrorType(
+  "ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS",
+  "Maximum number of redirects exceeded"
+);
+var MaxBodyLengthExceededError = createErrorType(
+  "ERR_FR_MAX_BODY_LENGTH_EXCEEDED",
+  "Request body larger than maxBodyLength limit"
+);
+var WriteAfterEndError = createErrorType(
+  "ERR_STREAM_WRITE_AFTER_END",
+  "write after end"
+);
+
+// An HTTP(S) request that can be redirected
+function RedirectableRequest(options, responseCallback) {
+  // Initialize the request
+  Writable.call(this);
+  this._sanitizeOptions(options);
+  this._options = options;
+  this._ended = false;
+  this._ending = false;
+  this._redirectCount = 0;
+  this._redirects = [];
+  this._requestBodyLength = 0;
+  this._requestBodyBuffers = [];
+
+  // Attach a callback if passed
+  if (responseCallback) {
+    this.on("response", responseCallback);
+  }
+
+  // React to responses of native requests
+  var self = this;
+  this._onNativeResponse = function (response) {
+    self._processResponse(response);
+  };
+
+  // Perform the first request
+  this._performRequest();
+}
+RedirectableRequest.prototype = Object.create(Writable.prototype);
+
+RedirectableRequest.prototype.abort = function () {
+  abortRequest(this._currentRequest);
+  this.emit("abort");
+};
+
+// Writes buffered data to the current native request
+RedirectableRequest.prototype.write = function (data, encoding, callback) {
+  // Writing is not allowed if end has been called
+  if (this._ending) {
+    throw new WriteAfterEndError();
+  }
+
+  // Validate input and shift parameters if necessary
+  if (!(typeof data === "string" || typeof data === "object" && ("length" in data))) {
+    throw new TypeError("data should be a string, Buffer or Uint8Array");
+  }
+  if (typeof encoding === "function") {
+    callback = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  // Ignore empty buffers, since writing them doesn't invoke the callback
+  // https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/22066
+  if (data.length === 0) {
+    if (callback) {
+      callback();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only write when we don't exceed the maximum body length
+  if (this._requestBodyLength + data.length <= this._options.maxBodyLength) {
+    this._requestBodyLength += data.length;
+    this._requestBodyBuffers.push({ data: data, encoding: encoding });
+    this._currentRequest.write(data, encoding, callback);
+  }
+  // Error when we exceed the maximum body length
+  else {
+    this.emit("error", new MaxBodyLengthExceededError());
+    this.abort();
+  }
+};
+
+// Ends the current native request
+RedirectableRequest.prototype.end = function (data, encoding, callback) {
+  // Shift parameters if necessary
+  if (typeof data === "function") {
+    callback = data;
+    data = encoding = null;
+  }
+  else if (typeof encoding === "function") {
+    callback = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  // Write data if needed and end
+  if (!data) {
+    this._ended = this._ending = true;
+    this._currentRequest.end(null, null, callback);
+  }
+  else {
+    var self = this;
+    var currentRequest = this._currentRequest;
+    this.write(data, encoding, function () {
+      self._ended = true;
+      currentRequest.end(null, null, callback);
+    });
+    this._ending = true;
+  }
+};
+
+// Sets a header value on the current native request
+RedirectableRequest.prototype.setHeader = function (name, value) {
+  this._options.headers[name] = value;
+  this._currentRequest.setHeader(name, value);
+};
+
+// Clears a header value on the current native request
+RedirectableRequest.prototype.removeHeader = function (name) {
+  delete this._options.headers[name];
+  this._currentRequest.removeHeader(name);
+};
+
+// Global timeout for all underlying requests
+RedirectableRequest.prototype.setTimeout = function (msecs, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (callback) {
+    this.on("timeout", callback);
+  }
+
+  function destroyOnTimeout(socket) {
+    socket.setTimeout(msecs);
+    socket.removeListener("timeout", socket.destroy);
+    socket.addListener("timeout", socket.destroy);
+  }
+
+  // Sets up a timer to trigger a timeout event
+  function startTimer(socket) {
+    if (self._timeout) {
+      clearTimeout(self._timeout);
+    }
+    self._timeout = setTimeout(function () {
+      self.emit("timeout");
+      clearTimer();
+    }, msecs);
+    destroyOnTimeout(socket);
+  }
+
+  // Prevent a timeout from triggering
+  function clearTimer() {
+    clearTimeout(this._timeout);
+    if (callback) {
+      self.removeListener("timeout", callback);
+    }
+    if (!this.socket) {
+      self._currentRequest.removeListener("socket", startTimer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Start the timer when the socket is opened
+  if (this.socket) {
+    startTimer(this.socket);
+  }
+  else {
+    this._currentRequest.once("socket", startTimer);
+  }
+
+  this.on("socket", destroyOnTimeout);
+  this.once("response", clearTimer);
+  this.once("error", clearTimer);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+// Proxy all other public ClientRequest methods
+[
+  "flushHeaders", "getHeader",
+  "setNoDelay", "setSocketKeepAlive",
+].forEach(function (method) {
+  RedirectableRequest.prototype[method] = function (a, b) {
+    return this._currentRequest[method](a, b);
+  };
+});
+
+// Proxy all public ClientRequest properties
+["aborted", "connection", "socket"].forEach(function (property) {
+  Object.defineProperty(RedirectableRequest.prototype, property, {
+    get: function () { return this._currentRequest[property]; },
+  });
+});
+
+RedirectableRequest.prototype._sanitizeOptions = function (options) {
+  // Ensure headers are always present
+  if (!options.headers) {
+    options.headers = {};
+  }
+
+  // Since http.request treats host as an alias of hostname,
+  // but the url module interprets host as hostname plus port,
+  // eliminate the host property to avoid confusion.
+  if (options.host) {
+    // Use hostname if set, because it has precedence
+    if (!options.hostname) {
+      options.hostname = options.host;
+    }
+    delete options.host;
+  }
+
+  // Complete the URL object when necessary
+  if (!options.pathname && options.path) {
+    var searchPos = options.path.indexOf("?");
+    if (searchPos < 0) {
+      options.pathname = options.path;
+    }
+    else {
+      options.pathname = options.path.substring(0, searchPos);
+      options.search = options.path.substring(searchPos);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+// Executes the next native request (initial or redirect)
+RedirectableRequest.prototype._performRequest = function () {
+  // Load the native protocol
+  var protocol = this._options.protocol;
+  var nativeProtocol = this._options.nativeProtocols[protocol];
+  if (!nativeProtocol) {
+    this.emit("error", new TypeError("Unsupported protocol " + protocol));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If specified, use the agent corresponding to the protocol
+  // (HTTP and HTTPS use different types of agents)
+  if (this._options.agents) {
+    var scheme = protocol.substr(0, protocol.length - 1);
+    this._options.agent = this._options.agents[scheme];
+  }
+
+  // Create the native request
+  var request = this._currentRequest =
+        nativeProtocol.request(this._options, this._onNativeResponse);
+  this._currentUrl = url.format(this._options);
+
+  // Set up event handlers
+  request._redirectable = this;
+  for (var e = 0; e < events.length; e++) {
+    request.on(events[e], eventHandlers[events[e]]);
+  }
+
+  // End a redirected request
+  // (The first request must be ended explicitly with RedirectableRequest#end)
+  if (this._isRedirect) {
+    // Write the request entity and end.
+    var i = 0;
+    var self = this;
+    var buffers = this._requestBodyBuffers;
+    (function writeNext(error) {
+      // Only write if this request has not been redirected yet
+      /* istanbul ignore else */
+      if (request === self._currentRequest) {
+        // Report any write errors
+        /* istanbul ignore if */
+        if (error) {
+          self.emit("error", error);
+        }
+        // Write the next buffer if there are still left
+        else if (i < buffers.length) {
+          var buffer = buffers[i++];
+          /* istanbul ignore else */
+          if (!request.finished) {
+            request.write(buffer.data, buffer.encoding, writeNext);
+          }
+        }
+        // End the request if `end` has been called on us
+        else if (self._ended) {
+          request.end();
+        }
+      }
+    }());
+  }
+};
+
+// Processes a response from the current native request
+RedirectableRequest.prototype._processResponse = function (response) {
+  // Store the redirected response
+  var statusCode = response.statusCode;
+  if (this._options.trackRedirects) {
+    this._redirects.push({
+      url: this._currentUrl,
+      headers: response.headers,
+      statusCode: statusCode,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // RFC7231§6.4: The 3xx (Redirection) class of status code indicates
+  // that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to
+  // fulfill the request. If a Location header field is provided,
+  // the user agent MAY automatically redirect its request to the URI
+  // referenced by the Location field value,
+  // even if the specific status code is not understood.
+  var location = response.headers.location;
+  if (location && this._options.followRedirects !== false &&
+      statusCode >= 300 && statusCode < 400) {
+    // Abort the current request
+    abortRequest(this._currentRequest);
+    // Discard the remainder of the response to avoid waiting for data
+    response.destroy();
+
+    // RFC7231§6.4: A client SHOULD detect and intervene
+    // in cyclical redirections (i.e., "infinite" redirection loops).
+    if (++this._redirectCount > this._options.maxRedirects) {
+      this.emit("error", new TooManyRedirectsError());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // RFC7231§6.4: Automatic redirection needs to done with
+    // care for methods not known to be safe, […]
+    // RFC7231§6.4.2–3: For historical reasons, a user agent MAY change
+    // the request method from POST to GET for the subsequent request.
+    if ((statusCode === 301 || statusCode === 302) && this._options.method === "POST" ||
+        // RFC7231§6.4.4: The 303 (See Other) status code indicates that
+        // the server is redirecting the user agent to a different resource […]
+        // A user agent can perform a retrieval request targeting that URI
+        // (a GET or HEAD request if using HTTP) […]
+        (statusCode === 303) && !/^(?:GET|HEAD)$/.test(this._options.method)) {
+      this._options.method = "GET";
+      // Drop a possible entity and headers related to it
+      this._requestBodyBuffers = [];
+      removeMatchingHeaders(/^content-/i, this._options.headers);
+    }
+
+    // Drop the Host header, as the redirect might lead to a different host
+    var previousHostName = removeMatchingHeaders(/^host$/i, this._options.headers) ||
+      url.parse(this._currentUrl).hostname;
+
+    // Create the redirected request
+    var redirectUrl = url.resolve(this._currentUrl, location);
+    debug("redirecting to", redirectUrl);
+    this._isRedirect = true;
+    var redirectUrlParts = url.parse(redirectUrl);
+    Object.assign(this._options, redirectUrlParts);
+
+    // Drop the Authorization header if redirecting to another host
+    if (redirectUrlParts.hostname !== previousHostName) {
+      removeMatchingHeaders(/^authorization$/i, this._options.headers);
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate the beforeRedirect callback
+    if (typeof this._options.beforeRedirect === "function") {
+      var responseDetails = { headers: response.headers };
+      try {
+        this._options.beforeRedirect.call(null, this._options, responseDetails);
+      }
+      catch (err) {
+        this.emit("error", err);
+        return;
+      }
+      this._sanitizeOptions(this._options);
+    }
+
+    // Perform the redirected request
+    try {
+      this._performRequest();
+    }
+    catch (cause) {
+      var error = new RedirectionError("Redirected request failed: " + cause.message);
+      error.cause = cause;
+      this.emit("error", error);
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    // The response is not a redirect; return it as-is
+    response.responseUrl = this._currentUrl;
+    response.redirects = this._redirects;
+    this.emit("response", response);
+
+    // Clean up
+    this._requestBodyBuffers = [];
+  }
+};
+
+// Wraps the key/value object of protocols with redirect functionality
+function wrap(protocols) {
+  // Default settings
+  var exports = {
+    maxRedirects: 21,
+    maxBodyLength: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
+  };
+
+  // Wrap each protocol
+  var nativeProtocols = {};
+  Object.keys(protocols).forEach(function (scheme) {
+    var protocol = scheme + ":";
+    var nativeProtocol = nativeProtocols[protocol] = protocols[scheme];
+    var wrappedProtocol = exports[scheme] = Object.create(nativeProtocol);
+
+    // Executes a request, following redirects
+    function request(input, options, callback) {
+      // Parse parameters
+      if (typeof input === "string") {
+        var urlStr = input;
+        try {
+          input = urlToOptions(new URL(urlStr));
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+          /* istanbul ignore next */
+          input = url.parse(urlStr);
+        }
+      }
+      else if (URL && (input instanceof URL)) {
+        input = urlToOptions(input);
+      }
+      else {
+        callback = options;
+        options = input;
+        input = { protocol: protocol };
+      }
+      if (typeof options === "function") {
+        callback = options;
+        options = null;
+      }
+
+      // Set defaults
+      options = Object.assign({
+        maxRedirects: exports.maxRedirects,
+        maxBodyLength: exports.maxBodyLength,
+      }, input, options);
+      options.nativeProtocols = nativeProtocols;
+
+      assert.equal(options.protocol, protocol, "protocol mismatch");
+      debug("options", options);
+      return new RedirectableRequest(options, callback);
+    }
+
+    // Executes a GET request, following redirects
+    function get(input, options, callback) {
+      var wrappedRequest = wrappedProtocol.request(input, options, callback);
+      wrappedRequest.end();
+      return wrappedRequest;
+    }
+
+    // Expose the properties on the wrapped protocol
+    Object.defineProperties(wrappedProtocol, {
+      request: { value: request, configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true },
+      get: { value: get, configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true },
+    });
+  });
+  return exports;
+}
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+function noop() { /* empty */ }
+
+// from https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/internal/url.js
+function urlToOptions(urlObject) {
+  var options = {
+    protocol: urlObject.protocol,
+    hostname: urlObject.hostname.startsWith("[") ?
+      /* istanbul ignore next */
+      urlObject.hostname.slice(1, -1) :
+      urlObject.hostname,
+    hash: urlObject.hash,
+    search: urlObject.search,
+    pathname: urlObject.pathname,
+    path: urlObject.pathname + urlObject.search,
+    href: urlObject.href,
+  };
+  if (urlObject.port !== "") {
+    options.port = Number(urlObject.port);
+  }
+  return options;
+}
+
+function removeMatchingHeaders(regex, headers) {
+  var lastValue;
+  for (var header in headers) {
+    if (regex.test(header)) {
+      lastValue = headers[header];
+      delete headers[header];
+    }
+  }
+  return lastValue;
+}
+
+function createErrorType(code, defaultMessage) {
+  function CustomError(message) {
+    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+    this.message = message || defaultMessage;
+  }
+  CustomError.prototype = new Error();
+  CustomError.prototype.constructor = CustomError;
+  CustomError.prototype.name = "Error [" + code + "]";
+  CustomError.prototype.code = code;
+  return CustomError;
+}
+
+function abortRequest(request) {
+  for (var e = 0; e < events.length; e++) {
+    request.removeListener(events[e], eventHandlers[events[e]]);
+  }
+  request.on("error", noop);
+  request.abort();
+}
+
+// Exports
+module.exports = wrap({ http: http, https: https });
+module.exports.wrap = wrap;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/package.json b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd7de558f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/follow-redirects/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+{
+  "_from": "follow-redirects@^1.10.0",
+  "_id": "follow-redirects@1.14.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-HWqDgT7ZEkqRzBvc2s64vSZ/hfOceEol3ac/7tKwzuvEyWx3/4UegXh5oBOIotkGsObyk3xznnSRVADBgWSQVg==",
+  "_location": "/follow-redirects",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "follow-redirects@^1.10.0",
+    "name": "follow-redirects",
+    "escapedName": "follow-redirects",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.10.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.10.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/axios"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.14.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d9114ded0a1cfdd334e164e6662ad02bfd91ff43",
+  "_spec": "follow-redirects@^1.10.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\axios",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Ruben Verborgh",
+    "email": "ruben@verborgh.org",
+    "url": "https://ruben.verborgh.org/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Olivier Lalonde",
+      "email": "olalonde@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://www.syskall.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "James Talmage",
+      "email": "james@talmage.io"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "HTTP and HTTPS modules that follow redirects.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "concat-stream": "^2.0.0",
+    "eslint": "^5.16.0",
+    "express": "^4.16.4",
+    "lolex": "^3.1.0",
+    "mocha": "^6.0.2",
+    "nyc": "^14.1.1"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "*.js"
+  ],
+  "funding": [
+    {
+      "type": "individual",
+      "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/RubenVerborgh"
+    }
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "https",
+    "url",
+    "redirect",
+    "client",
+    "location",
+    "utility"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "follow-redirects",
+  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+    "debug": {
+      "optional": true
+    }
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint *.js test",
+    "mocha": "nyc mocha",
+    "test": "npm run lint && npm run mocha"
+  },
+  "version": "1.14.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/forwarded/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..381e6aad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+0.2.0 / 2021-05-31
+==================
+
+  * Use `req.socket` over deprecated `req.connection`
+
+0.1.2 / 2017-09-14
+==================
+
+  * perf: improve header parsing
+  * perf: reduce overhead when no `X-Forwarded-For` header
+
+0.1.1 / 2017-09-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix trimming leading / trailing OWS
+  * perf: hoist regular expression
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-09-21
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/forwarded/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84441fbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/forwarded/README.md b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdd220bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# forwarded
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][ci-image]][ci-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Parse HTTP X-Forwarded-For header
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install forwarded
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var forwarded = require('forwarded')
+```
+
+### forwarded(req)
+
+```js
+var addresses = forwarded(req)
+```
+
+Parse the `X-Forwarded-For` header from the request. Returns an array
+of the addresses, including the socket address for the `req`, in reverse
+order (i.e. index `0` is the socket address and the last index is the
+furthest address, typically the end-user).
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/jshttp/forwarded/master?label=ci
+[ci-url]: https://github.com/jshttp/forwarded/actions?query=workflow%3Aci
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/forwarded.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/forwarded
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/forwarded.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/forwarded/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/forwarded?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/forwarded.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/forwarded
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/forwarded/index.js b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2b6bdd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*!
+ * forwarded
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = forwarded
+
+/**
+ * Get all addresses in the request, using the `X-Forwarded-For` header.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @return {array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function forwarded (req) {
+  if (!req) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument req is required')
+  }
+
+  // simple header parsing
+  var proxyAddrs = parse(req.headers['x-forwarded-for'] || '')
+  var socketAddr = getSocketAddr(req)
+  var addrs = [socketAddr].concat(proxyAddrs)
+
+  // return all addresses
+  return addrs
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the socket address for a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getSocketAddr (req) {
+  return req.socket
+    ? req.socket.remoteAddress
+    : req.connection.remoteAddress
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the X-Forwarded-For header.
+ *
+ * @param {string} header
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parse (header) {
+  var end = header.length
+  var list = []
+  var start = header.length
+
+  // gather addresses, backwards
+  for (var i = header.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    switch (header.charCodeAt(i)) {
+      case 0x20: /*   */
+        if (start === end) {
+          start = end = i
+        }
+        break
+      case 0x2c: /* , */
+        if (start !== end) {
+          list.push(header.substring(start, end))
+        }
+        start = end = i
+        break
+      default:
+        start = i
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  // final address
+  if (start !== end) {
+    list.push(header.substring(start, end))
+  }
+
+  return list
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/forwarded/package.json b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e679ccf06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/forwarded/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+  "_from": "forwarded@0.2.0",
+  "_id": "forwarded@0.2.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-buRG0fpBtRHSTCOASe6hD258tEubFoRLb4ZNA6NxMVHNw2gOcwHo9wyablzMzOA5z9xA9L1KNjk/Nt6MT9aYow==",
+  "_location": "/forwarded",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "forwarded@0.2.0",
+    "name": "forwarded",
+    "escapedName": "forwarded",
+    "rawSpec": "0.2.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.2.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/proxy-addr"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/forwarded/-/forwarded-0.2.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2269936428aad4c15c7ebe9779a84bf0b2a81811",
+  "_spec": "forwarded@0.2.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\proxy-addr",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/forwarded/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Parse HTTP X-Forwarded-For header",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "deep-equal": "1.0.1",
+    "eslint": "7.27.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "14.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.23.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.3.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
+    "mocha": "8.4.0",
+    "nyc": "15.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/forwarded#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "x-forwarded-for",
+    "http",
+    "req"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "forwarded",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/forwarded.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
+    "version": "node scripts/version-history.js && git add HISTORY.md"
+  },
+  "version": "0.2.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fresh/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/fresh/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4586996a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fresh/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+0.5.2 / 2017-09-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression matching multiple ETags in `If-None-Match`
+  * perf: improve `If-None-Match` token parsing
+
+0.5.1 / 2017-09-11
+==================
+
+  * Fix handling of modified headers with invalid dates
+  * perf: improve ETag match loop
+
+0.5.0 / 2017-02-21
+==================
+
+  * Fix incorrect result when `If-None-Match` has both `*` and ETags
+  * Fix weak `ETag` matching to match spec
+  * perf: delay reading header values until needed
+  * perf: skip checking modified time if ETag check failed
+  * perf: skip parsing `If-None-Match` when no `ETag` header
+  * perf: use `Date.parse` instead of `new Date`
+
+0.4.0 / 2017-02-05
+==================
+
+  * Fix false detection of `no-cache` request directive
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: hoist regular expressions
+  * perf: remove duplicate conditional
+  * perf: remove unnecessary boolean coercions
+
+0.3.0 / 2015-05-12
+==================
+
+  * Add weak `ETag` matching support
+
+0.2.4 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+
+0.2.3 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Move repository to jshttp
+
+0.2.2 / 2014-02-19
+==================
+
+  * Revert "Fix for blank page on Safari reload"
+
+0.2.1 / 2014-01-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix for blank page on Safari reload
+
+0.2.0 / 2013-08-11
+==================
+
+  * Return stale for `Cache-Control: no-cache`
+
+0.1.0 / 2012-06-15
+==================
+
+  * Add `If-None-Match: *` support
+
+0.0.1 / 2012-06-10
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fresh/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/fresh/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1434ade75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fresh/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+Copyright (c) 2016-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fresh/README.md b/backend/node_modules/fresh/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c1c680d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fresh/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# fresh
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+HTTP response freshness testing
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```
+$ npm install fresh
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var fresh = require('fresh')
+```
+
+### fresh(reqHeaders, resHeaders)
+
+Check freshness of the response using request and response headers.
+
+When the response is still "fresh" in the client's cache `true` is
+returned, otherwise `false` is returned to indicate that the client
+cache is now stale and the full response should be sent.
+
+When a client sends the `Cache-Control: no-cache` request header to
+indicate an end-to-end reload request, this module will return `false`
+to make handling these requests transparent.
+
+## Known Issues
+
+This module is designed to only follow the HTTP specifications, not
+to work-around all kinda of client bugs (especially since this module
+typically does not recieve enough information to understand what the
+client actually is).
+
+There is a known issue that in certain versions of Safari, Safari
+will incorrectly make a request that allows this module to validate
+freshness of the resource even when Safari does not have a
+representation of the resource in the cache. The module
+[jumanji](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jumanji) can be used in
+an Express application to work-around this issue and also provides
+links to further reading on this Safari bug.
+
+## Example
+
+### API usage
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-redeclare, no-undef -->
+
+```js
+var reqHeaders = { 'if-none-match': '"foo"' }
+var resHeaders = { 'etag': '"bar"' }
+fresh(reqHeaders, resHeaders)
+// => false
+
+var reqHeaders = { 'if-none-match': '"foo"' }
+var resHeaders = { 'etag': '"foo"' }
+fresh(reqHeaders, resHeaders)
+// => true
+```
+
+### Using with Node.js http server
+
+```js
+var fresh = require('fresh')
+var http = require('http')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  // perform server logic
+  // ... including adding ETag / Last-Modified response headers
+
+  if (isFresh(req, res)) {
+    // client has a fresh copy of resource
+    res.statusCode = 304
+    res.end()
+    return
+  }
+
+  // send the resource
+  res.statusCode = 200
+  res.end('hello, world!')
+})
+
+function isFresh (req, res) {
+  return fresh(req.headers, {
+    'etag': res.getHeader('ETag'),
+    'last-modified': res.getHeader('Last-Modified')
+  })
+}
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/fresh.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/fresh
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/fresh.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/fresh/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/fresh
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/fresh/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/fresh?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/fresh.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/fresh
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fresh/index.js b/backend/node_modules/fresh/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d154f5a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fresh/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*!
+ * fresh
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2016-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to check for no-cache token in Cache-Control.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var CACHE_CONTROL_NO_CACHE_REGEXP = /(?:^|,)\s*?no-cache\s*?(?:,|$)/
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = fresh
+
+/**
+ * Check freshness of the response using request and response headers.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} reqHeaders
+ * @param {Object} resHeaders
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function fresh (reqHeaders, resHeaders) {
+  // fields
+  var modifiedSince = reqHeaders['if-modified-since']
+  var noneMatch = reqHeaders['if-none-match']
+
+  // unconditional request
+  if (!modifiedSince && !noneMatch) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // Always return stale when Cache-Control: no-cache
+  // to support end-to-end reload requests
+  // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.9.4
+  var cacheControl = reqHeaders['cache-control']
+  if (cacheControl && CACHE_CONTROL_NO_CACHE_REGEXP.test(cacheControl)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // if-none-match
+  if (noneMatch && noneMatch !== '*') {
+    var etag = resHeaders['etag']
+
+    if (!etag) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    var etagStale = true
+    var matches = parseTokenList(noneMatch)
+    for (var i = 0; i < matches.length; i++) {
+      var match = matches[i]
+      if (match === etag || match === 'W/' + etag || 'W/' + match === etag) {
+        etagStale = false
+        break
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (etagStale) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if-modified-since
+  if (modifiedSince) {
+    var lastModified = resHeaders['last-modified']
+    var modifiedStale = !lastModified || !(parseHttpDate(lastModified) <= parseHttpDate(modifiedSince))
+
+    if (modifiedStale) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse an HTTP Date into a number.
+ *
+ * @param {string} date
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseHttpDate (date) {
+  var timestamp = date && Date.parse(date)
+
+  // istanbul ignore next: guard against date.js Date.parse patching
+  return typeof timestamp === 'number'
+    ? timestamp
+    : NaN
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a HTTP token list.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseTokenList (str) {
+  var end = 0
+  var list = []
+  var start = 0
+
+  // gather tokens
+  for (var i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
+    switch (str.charCodeAt(i)) {
+      case 0x20: /*   */
+        if (start === end) {
+          start = end = i + 1
+        }
+        break
+      case 0x2c: /* , */
+        list.push(str.substring(start, end))
+        start = end = i + 1
+        break
+      default:
+        end = i + 1
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  // final token
+  list.push(str.substring(start, end))
+
+  return list
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fresh/package.json b/backend/node_modules/fresh/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd6933fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fresh/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "_from": "fresh@0.5.2",
+  "_id": "fresh@0.5.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-PYyt2Q2XZWn6g1qx+OSyOhBWBac=",
+  "_location": "/fresh",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "fresh@0.5.2",
+    "name": "fresh",
+    "escapedName": "fresh",
+    "rawSpec": "0.5.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.5.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fresh/-/fresh-0.5.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3d8cadd90d976569fa835ab1f8e4b23a105605a7",
+  "_spec": "fresh@0.5.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca",
+    "url": "http://tjholowaychuk.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/fresh/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "HTTP response freshness testing",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "10.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.7.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.6",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "5.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.5.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "1.21.5"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/fresh#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "fresh",
+    "http",
+    "conditional",
+    "cache"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "fresh",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/fresh.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "0.5.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/README.md b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e61241cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# fs-minipass
+
+Filesystem streams based on [minipass](http://npm.im/minipass).
+
+4 classes are exported:
+
+- ReadStream
+- ReadStreamSync
+- WriteStream
+- WriteStreamSync
+
+When using `ReadStreamSync`, all of the data is made available
+immediately upon consuming the stream.  Nothing is buffered in memory
+when the stream is constructed.  If the stream is piped to a writer,
+then it will synchronously `read()` and emit data into the writer as
+fast as the writer can consume it.  (That is, it will respect
+backpressure.)  If you call `stream.read()` then it will read the
+entire file and return the contents.
+
+When using `WriteStreamSync`, every write is flushed to the file
+synchronously.  If your writes all come in a single tick, then it'll
+write it all out in a single tick.  It's as synchronous as you are.
+
+The async versions work much like their node builtin counterparts,
+with the exception of introducing significantly less Stream machinery
+overhead.
+
+## USAGE
+
+It's just streams, you pipe them or read() them or write() to them.
+
+```js
+const fsm = require('fs-minipass')
+const readStream = new fsm.ReadStream('file.txt')
+const writeStream = new fsm.WriteStream('output.txt')
+writeStream.write('some file header or whatever\n')
+readStream.pipe(writeStream)
+```
+
+## ReadStream(path, options)
+
+Path string is required, but somewhat irrelevant if an open file
+descriptor is passed in as an option.
+
+Options:
+
+- `fd` Pass in a numeric file descriptor, if the file is already open.
+- `readSize` The size of reads to do, defaults to 16MB
+- `size` The size of the file, if known.  Prevents zero-byte read()
+  call at the end.
+- `autoClose` Set to `false` to prevent the file descriptor from being
+  closed when the file is done being read.
+
+## WriteStream(path, options)
+
+Path string is required, but somewhat irrelevant if an open file
+descriptor is passed in as an option.
+
+Options:
+
+- `fd` Pass in a numeric file descriptor, if the file is already open.
+- `mode` The mode to create the file with. Defaults to `0o666`.
+- `start` The position in the file to start reading.  If not
+  specified, then the file will start writing at position zero, and be
+  truncated by default.
+- `autoClose` Set to `false` to prevent the file descriptor from being
+  closed when the stream is ended.
+- `flags` Flags to use when opening the file.  Irrelevant if `fd` is
+  passed in, since file won't be opened in that case.  Defaults to
+  `'a'` if a `pos` is specified, or `'w'` otherwise.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/index.js b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b0779c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+'use strict'
+const MiniPass = require('minipass')
+const EE = require('events').EventEmitter
+const fs = require('fs')
+
+let writev = fs.writev
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (!writev) {
+  // This entire block can be removed if support for earlier than Node.js
+  // 12.9.0 is not needed.
+  const binding = process.binding('fs')
+  const FSReqWrap = binding.FSReqWrap || binding.FSReqCallback
+
+  writev = (fd, iovec, pos, cb) => {
+    const done = (er, bw) => cb(er, bw, iovec)
+    const req = new FSReqWrap()
+    req.oncomplete = done
+    binding.writeBuffers(fd, iovec, pos, req)
+  }
+}
+
+const _autoClose = Symbol('_autoClose')
+const _close = Symbol('_close')
+const _ended = Symbol('_ended')
+const _fd = Symbol('_fd')
+const _finished = Symbol('_finished')
+const _flags = Symbol('_flags')
+const _flush = Symbol('_flush')
+const _handleChunk = Symbol('_handleChunk')
+const _makeBuf = Symbol('_makeBuf')
+const _mode = Symbol('_mode')
+const _needDrain = Symbol('_needDrain')
+const _onerror = Symbol('_onerror')
+const _onopen = Symbol('_onopen')
+const _onread = Symbol('_onread')
+const _onwrite = Symbol('_onwrite')
+const _open = Symbol('_open')
+const _path = Symbol('_path')
+const _pos = Symbol('_pos')
+const _queue = Symbol('_queue')
+const _read = Symbol('_read')
+const _readSize = Symbol('_readSize')
+const _reading = Symbol('_reading')
+const _remain = Symbol('_remain')
+const _size = Symbol('_size')
+const _write = Symbol('_write')
+const _writing = Symbol('_writing')
+const _defaultFlag = Symbol('_defaultFlag')
+const _errored = Symbol('_errored')
+
+class ReadStream extends MiniPass {
+  constructor (path, opt) {
+    opt = opt || {}
+    super(opt)
+
+    this.readable = true
+    this.writable = false
+
+    if (typeof path !== 'string')
+      throw new TypeError('path must be a string')
+
+    this[_errored] = false
+    this[_fd] = typeof opt.fd === 'number' ? opt.fd : null
+    this[_path] = path
+    this[_readSize] = opt.readSize || 16*1024*1024
+    this[_reading] = false
+    this[_size] = typeof opt.size === 'number' ? opt.size : Infinity
+    this[_remain] = this[_size]
+    this[_autoClose] = typeof opt.autoClose === 'boolean' ?
+      opt.autoClose : true
+
+    if (typeof this[_fd] === 'number')
+      this[_read]()
+    else
+      this[_open]()
+  }
+
+  get fd () { return this[_fd] }
+  get path () { return this[_path] }
+
+  write () {
+    throw new TypeError('this is a readable stream')
+  }
+
+  end () {
+    throw new TypeError('this is a readable stream')
+  }
+
+  [_open] () {
+    fs.open(this[_path], 'r', (er, fd) => this[_onopen](er, fd))
+  }
+
+  [_onopen] (er, fd) {
+    if (er)
+      this[_onerror](er)
+    else {
+      this[_fd] = fd
+      this.emit('open', fd)
+      this[_read]()
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_makeBuf] () {
+    return Buffer.allocUnsafe(Math.min(this[_readSize], this[_remain]))
+  }
+
+  [_read] () {
+    if (!this[_reading]) {
+      this[_reading] = true
+      const buf = this[_makeBuf]()
+      /* istanbul ignore if */
+      if (buf.length === 0)
+        return process.nextTick(() => this[_onread](null, 0, buf))
+      fs.read(this[_fd], buf, 0, buf.length, null, (er, br, buf) =>
+        this[_onread](er, br, buf))
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_onread] (er, br, buf) {
+    this[_reading] = false
+    if (er)
+      this[_onerror](er)
+    else if (this[_handleChunk](br, buf))
+      this[_read]()
+  }
+
+  [_close] () {
+    if (this[_autoClose] && typeof this[_fd] === 'number') {
+      const fd = this[_fd]
+      this[_fd] = null
+      fs.close(fd, er => er ? this.emit('error', er) : this.emit('close'))
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_onerror] (er) {
+    this[_reading] = true
+    this[_close]()
+    this.emit('error', er)
+  }
+
+  [_handleChunk] (br, buf) {
+    let ret = false
+    // no effect if infinite
+    this[_remain] -= br
+    if (br > 0)
+      ret = super.write(br < buf.length ? buf.slice(0, br) : buf)
+
+    if (br === 0 || this[_remain] <= 0) {
+      ret = false
+      this[_close]()
+      super.end()
+    }
+
+    return ret
+  }
+
+  emit (ev, data) {
+    switch (ev) {
+      case 'prefinish':
+      case 'finish':
+        break
+
+      case 'drain':
+        if (typeof this[_fd] === 'number')
+          this[_read]()
+        break
+
+      case 'error':
+        if (this[_errored])
+          return
+        this[_errored] = true
+        return super.emit(ev, data)
+
+      default:
+        return super.emit(ev, data)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class ReadStreamSync extends ReadStream {
+  [_open] () {
+    let threw = true
+    try {
+      this[_onopen](null, fs.openSync(this[_path], 'r'))
+      threw = false
+    } finally {
+      if (threw)
+        this[_close]()
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_read] () {
+    let threw = true
+    try {
+      if (!this[_reading]) {
+        this[_reading] = true
+        do {
+          const buf = this[_makeBuf]()
+          /* istanbul ignore next */
+          const br = buf.length === 0 ? 0
+            : fs.readSync(this[_fd], buf, 0, buf.length, null)
+          if (!this[_handleChunk](br, buf))
+            break
+        } while (true)
+        this[_reading] = false
+      }
+      threw = false
+    } finally {
+      if (threw)
+        this[_close]()
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_close] () {
+    if (this[_autoClose] && typeof this[_fd] === 'number') {
+      const fd = this[_fd]
+      this[_fd] = null
+      fs.closeSync(fd)
+      this.emit('close')
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class WriteStream extends EE {
+  constructor (path, opt) {
+    opt = opt || {}
+    super(opt)
+    this.readable = false
+    this.writable = true
+    this[_errored] = false
+    this[_writing] = false
+    this[_ended] = false
+    this[_needDrain] = false
+    this[_queue] = []
+    this[_path] = path
+    this[_fd] = typeof opt.fd === 'number' ? opt.fd : null
+    this[_mode] = opt.mode === undefined ? 0o666 : opt.mode
+    this[_pos] = typeof opt.start === 'number' ? opt.start : null
+    this[_autoClose] = typeof opt.autoClose === 'boolean' ?
+      opt.autoClose : true
+
+    // truncating makes no sense when writing into the middle
+    const defaultFlag = this[_pos] !== null ? 'r+' : 'w'
+    this[_defaultFlag] = opt.flags === undefined
+    this[_flags] = this[_defaultFlag] ? defaultFlag : opt.flags
+
+    if (this[_fd] === null)
+      this[_open]()
+  }
+
+  emit (ev, data) {
+    if (ev === 'error') {
+      if (this[_errored])
+        return
+      this[_errored] = true
+    }
+    return super.emit(ev, data)
+  }
+
+
+  get fd () { return this[_fd] }
+  get path () { return this[_path] }
+
+  [_onerror] (er) {
+    this[_close]()
+    this[_writing] = true
+    this.emit('error', er)
+  }
+
+  [_open] () {
+    fs.open(this[_path], this[_flags], this[_mode],
+      (er, fd) => this[_onopen](er, fd))
+  }
+
+  [_onopen] (er, fd) {
+    if (this[_defaultFlag] &&
+        this[_flags] === 'r+' &&
+        er && er.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      this[_flags] = 'w'
+      this[_open]()
+    } else if (er)
+      this[_onerror](er)
+    else {
+      this[_fd] = fd
+      this.emit('open', fd)
+      this[_flush]()
+    }
+  }
+
+  end (buf, enc) {
+    if (buf)
+      this.write(buf, enc)
+
+    this[_ended] = true
+
+    // synthetic after-write logic, where drain/finish live
+    if (!this[_writing] && !this[_queue].length &&
+        typeof this[_fd] === 'number')
+      this[_onwrite](null, 0)
+    return this
+  }
+
+  write (buf, enc) {
+    if (typeof buf === 'string')
+      buf = Buffer.from(buf, enc)
+
+    if (this[_ended]) {
+      this.emit('error', new Error('write() after end()'))
+      return false
+    }
+
+    if (this[_fd] === null || this[_writing] || this[_queue].length) {
+      this[_queue].push(buf)
+      this[_needDrain] = true
+      return false
+    }
+
+    this[_writing] = true
+    this[_write](buf)
+    return true
+  }
+
+  [_write] (buf) {
+    fs.write(this[_fd], buf, 0, buf.length, this[_pos], (er, bw) =>
+      this[_onwrite](er, bw))
+  }
+
+  [_onwrite] (er, bw) {
+    if (er)
+      this[_onerror](er)
+    else {
+      if (this[_pos] !== null)
+        this[_pos] += bw
+      if (this[_queue].length)
+        this[_flush]()
+      else {
+        this[_writing] = false
+
+        if (this[_ended] && !this[_finished]) {
+          this[_finished] = true
+          this[_close]()
+          this.emit('finish')
+        } else if (this[_needDrain]) {
+          this[_needDrain] = false
+          this.emit('drain')
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_flush] () {
+    if (this[_queue].length === 0) {
+      if (this[_ended])
+        this[_onwrite](null, 0)
+    } else if (this[_queue].length === 1)
+      this[_write](this[_queue].pop())
+    else {
+      const iovec = this[_queue]
+      this[_queue] = []
+      writev(this[_fd], iovec, this[_pos],
+        (er, bw) => this[_onwrite](er, bw))
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_close] () {
+    if (this[_autoClose] && typeof this[_fd] === 'number') {
+      const fd = this[_fd]
+      this[_fd] = null
+      fs.close(fd, er => er ? this.emit('error', er) : this.emit('close'))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class WriteStreamSync extends WriteStream {
+  [_open] () {
+    let fd
+    // only wrap in a try{} block if we know we'll retry, to avoid
+    // the rethrow obscuring the error's source frame in most cases.
+    if (this[_defaultFlag] && this[_flags] === 'r+') {
+      try {
+        fd = fs.openSync(this[_path], this[_flags], this[_mode])
+      } catch (er) {
+        if (er.code === 'ENOENT') {
+          this[_flags] = 'w'
+          return this[_open]()
+        } else
+          throw er
+      }
+    } else
+      fd = fs.openSync(this[_path], this[_flags], this[_mode])
+
+    this[_onopen](null, fd)
+  }
+
+  [_close] () {
+    if (this[_autoClose] && typeof this[_fd] === 'number') {
+      const fd = this[_fd]
+      this[_fd] = null
+      fs.closeSync(fd)
+      this.emit('close')
+    }
+  }
+
+  [_write] (buf) {
+    // throw the original, but try to close if it fails
+    let threw = true
+    try {
+      this[_onwrite](null,
+        fs.writeSync(this[_fd], buf, 0, buf.length, this[_pos]))
+      threw = false
+    } finally {
+      if (threw)
+        try { this[_close]() } catch (_) {}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+exports.ReadStream = ReadStream
+exports.ReadStreamSync = ReadStreamSync
+
+exports.WriteStream = WriteStream
+exports.WriteStreamSync = WriteStreamSync
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/package.json b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eae93bf0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs-minipass/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "_from": "fs-minipass@^2.0.0",
+  "_id": "fs-minipass@2.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-V/JgOLFCS+R6Vcq0slCuaeWEdNC3ouDlJMNIsacH2VtALiu9mV4LPrHc5cDl8k5aw6J8jwgWWpiTo5RYhmIzvg==",
+  "_location": "/fs-minipass",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "fs-minipass@^2.0.0",
+    "name": "fs-minipass",
+    "escapedName": "fs-minipass",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/tar"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fs-minipass/-/fs-minipass-2.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7f5036fdbf12c63c169190cbe4199c852271f9fb",
+  "_spec": "fs-minipass@^2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\tar",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/fs-minipass/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "minipass": "^3.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "fs read and write streams based on minipass",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mutate-fs": "^2.0.1",
+    "tap": "^14.6.4"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/fs-minipass#readme",
+  "keywords": [],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "fs-minipass",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/fs-minipass.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bd884c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+----
+
+This library bundles a version of the `fs.realpath` and `fs.realpathSync`
+methods from Node.js v0.10 under the terms of the Node.js MIT license.
+
+Node's license follows, also included at the header of `old.js` which contains
+the licensed code:
+
+  Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+  copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+  to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+  the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+  and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+  Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+  FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+  DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/README.md b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a42ceac62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# fs.realpath
+
+A backwards-compatible fs.realpath for Node v6 and above
+
+In Node v6, the JavaScript implementation of fs.realpath was replaced
+with a faster (but less resilient) native implementation.  That raises
+new and platform-specific errors and cannot handle long or excessively
+symlink-looping paths.
+
+This module handles those cases by detecting the new errors and
+falling back to the JavaScript implementation.  On versions of Node
+prior to v6, it has no effect.
+
+## USAGE
+
+```js
+var rp = require('fs.realpath')
+
+// async version
+rp.realpath(someLongAndLoopingPath, function (er, real) {
+  // the ELOOP was handled, but it was a bit slower
+})
+
+// sync version
+var real = rp.realpathSync(someLongAndLoopingPath)
+
+// monkeypatch at your own risk!
+// This replaces the fs.realpath/fs.realpathSync builtins
+rp.monkeypatch()
+
+// un-do the monkeypatching
+rp.unmonkeypatch()
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/index.js b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b09c7c7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+module.exports = realpath
+realpath.realpath = realpath
+realpath.sync = realpathSync
+realpath.realpathSync = realpathSync
+realpath.monkeypatch = monkeypatch
+realpath.unmonkeypatch = unmonkeypatch
+
+var fs = require('fs')
+var origRealpath = fs.realpath
+var origRealpathSync = fs.realpathSync
+
+var version = process.version
+var ok = /^v[0-5]\./.test(version)
+var old = require('./old.js')
+
+function newError (er) {
+  return er && er.syscall === 'realpath' && (
+    er.code === 'ELOOP' ||
+    er.code === 'ENOMEM' ||
+    er.code === 'ENAMETOOLONG'
+  )
+}
+
+function realpath (p, cache, cb) {
+  if (ok) {
+    return origRealpath(p, cache, cb)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof cache === 'function') {
+    cb = cache
+    cache = null
+  }
+  origRealpath(p, cache, function (er, result) {
+    if (newError(er)) {
+      old.realpath(p, cache, cb)
+    } else {
+      cb(er, result)
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+function realpathSync (p, cache) {
+  if (ok) {
+    return origRealpathSync(p, cache)
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return origRealpathSync(p, cache)
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (newError(er)) {
+      return old.realpathSync(p, cache)
+    } else {
+      throw er
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function monkeypatch () {
+  fs.realpath = realpath
+  fs.realpathSync = realpathSync
+}
+
+function unmonkeypatch () {
+  fs.realpath = origRealpath
+  fs.realpathSync = origRealpathSync
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/old.js b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/old.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b40305e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/old.js
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+var pathModule = require('path');
+var isWindows = process.platform === 'win32';
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+// JavaScript implementation of realpath, ported from node pre-v6
+
+var DEBUG = process.env.NODE_DEBUG && /fs/.test(process.env.NODE_DEBUG);
+
+function rethrow() {
+  // Only enable in debug mode. A backtrace uses ~1000 bytes of heap space and
+  // is fairly slow to generate.
+  var callback;
+  if (DEBUG) {
+    var backtrace = new Error;
+    callback = debugCallback;
+  } else
+    callback = missingCallback;
+
+  return callback;
+
+  function debugCallback(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      backtrace.message = err.message;
+      err = backtrace;
+      missingCallback(err);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function missingCallback(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      if (process.throwDeprecation)
+        throw err;  // Forgot a callback but don't know where? Use NODE_DEBUG=fs
+      else if (!process.noDeprecation) {
+        var msg = 'fs: missing callback ' + (err.stack || err.message);
+        if (process.traceDeprecation)
+          console.trace(msg);
+        else
+          console.error(msg);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function maybeCallback(cb) {
+  return typeof cb === 'function' ? cb : rethrow();
+}
+
+var normalize = pathModule.normalize;
+
+// Regexp that finds the next partion of a (partial) path
+// result is [base_with_slash, base], e.g. ['somedir/', 'somedir']
+if (isWindows) {
+  var nextPartRe = /(.*?)(?:[\/\\]+|$)/g;
+} else {
+  var nextPartRe = /(.*?)(?:[\/]+|$)/g;
+}
+
+// Regex to find the device root, including trailing slash. E.g. 'c:\\'.
+if (isWindows) {
+  var splitRootRe = /^(?:[a-zA-Z]:|[\\\/]{2}[^\\\/]+[\\\/][^\\\/]+)?[\\\/]*/;
+} else {
+  var splitRootRe = /^[\/]*/;
+}
+
+exports.realpathSync = function realpathSync(p, cache) {
+  // make p is absolute
+  p = pathModule.resolve(p);
+
+  if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, p)) {
+    return cache[p];
+  }
+
+  var original = p,
+      seenLinks = {},
+      knownHard = {};
+
+  // current character position in p
+  var pos;
+  // the partial path so far, including a trailing slash if any
+  var current;
+  // the partial path without a trailing slash (except when pointing at a root)
+  var base;
+  // the partial path scanned in the previous round, with slash
+  var previous;
+
+  start();
+
+  function start() {
+    // Skip over roots
+    var m = splitRootRe.exec(p);
+    pos = m[0].length;
+    current = m[0];
+    base = m[0];
+    previous = '';
+
+    // On windows, check that the root exists. On unix there is no need.
+    if (isWindows && !knownHard[base]) {
+      fs.lstatSync(base);
+      knownHard[base] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // walk down the path, swapping out linked pathparts for their real
+  // values
+  // NB: p.length changes.
+  while (pos < p.length) {
+    // find the next part
+    nextPartRe.lastIndex = pos;
+    var result = nextPartRe.exec(p);
+    previous = current;
+    current += result[0];
+    base = previous + result[1];
+    pos = nextPartRe.lastIndex;
+
+    // continue if not a symlink
+    if (knownHard[base] || (cache && cache[base] === base)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    var resolvedLink;
+    if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, base)) {
+      // some known symbolic link.  no need to stat again.
+      resolvedLink = cache[base];
+    } else {
+      var stat = fs.lstatSync(base);
+      if (!stat.isSymbolicLink()) {
+        knownHard[base] = true;
+        if (cache) cache[base] = base;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // read the link if it wasn't read before
+      // dev/ino always return 0 on windows, so skip the check.
+      var linkTarget = null;
+      if (!isWindows) {
+        var id = stat.dev.toString(32) + ':' + stat.ino.toString(32);
+        if (seenLinks.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+          linkTarget = seenLinks[id];
+        }
+      }
+      if (linkTarget === null) {
+        fs.statSync(base);
+        linkTarget = fs.readlinkSync(base);
+      }
+      resolvedLink = pathModule.resolve(previous, linkTarget);
+      // track this, if given a cache.
+      if (cache) cache[base] = resolvedLink;
+      if (!isWindows) seenLinks[id] = linkTarget;
+    }
+
+    // resolve the link, then start over
+    p = pathModule.resolve(resolvedLink, p.slice(pos));
+    start();
+  }
+
+  if (cache) cache[original] = p;
+
+  return p;
+};
+
+
+exports.realpath = function realpath(p, cache, cb) {
+  if (typeof cb !== 'function') {
+    cb = maybeCallback(cache);
+    cache = null;
+  }
+
+  // make p is absolute
+  p = pathModule.resolve(p);
+
+  if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, p)) {
+    return process.nextTick(cb.bind(null, null, cache[p]));
+  }
+
+  var original = p,
+      seenLinks = {},
+      knownHard = {};
+
+  // current character position in p
+  var pos;
+  // the partial path so far, including a trailing slash if any
+  var current;
+  // the partial path without a trailing slash (except when pointing at a root)
+  var base;
+  // the partial path scanned in the previous round, with slash
+  var previous;
+
+  start();
+
+  function start() {
+    // Skip over roots
+    var m = splitRootRe.exec(p);
+    pos = m[0].length;
+    current = m[0];
+    base = m[0];
+    previous = '';
+
+    // On windows, check that the root exists. On unix there is no need.
+    if (isWindows && !knownHard[base]) {
+      fs.lstat(base, function(err) {
+        if (err) return cb(err);
+        knownHard[base] = true;
+        LOOP();
+      });
+    } else {
+      process.nextTick(LOOP);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // walk down the path, swapping out linked pathparts for their real
+  // values
+  function LOOP() {
+    // stop if scanned past end of path
+    if (pos >= p.length) {
+      if (cache) cache[original] = p;
+      return cb(null, p);
+    }
+
+    // find the next part
+    nextPartRe.lastIndex = pos;
+    var result = nextPartRe.exec(p);
+    previous = current;
+    current += result[0];
+    base = previous + result[1];
+    pos = nextPartRe.lastIndex;
+
+    // continue if not a symlink
+    if (knownHard[base] || (cache && cache[base] === base)) {
+      return process.nextTick(LOOP);
+    }
+
+    if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, base)) {
+      // known symbolic link.  no need to stat again.
+      return gotResolvedLink(cache[base]);
+    }
+
+    return fs.lstat(base, gotStat);
+  }
+
+  function gotStat(err, stat) {
+    if (err) return cb(err);
+
+    // if not a symlink, skip to the next path part
+    if (!stat.isSymbolicLink()) {
+      knownHard[base] = true;
+      if (cache) cache[base] = base;
+      return process.nextTick(LOOP);
+    }
+
+    // stat & read the link if not read before
+    // call gotTarget as soon as the link target is known
+    // dev/ino always return 0 on windows, so skip the check.
+    if (!isWindows) {
+      var id = stat.dev.toString(32) + ':' + stat.ino.toString(32);
+      if (seenLinks.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+        return gotTarget(null, seenLinks[id], base);
+      }
+    }
+    fs.stat(base, function(err) {
+      if (err) return cb(err);
+
+      fs.readlink(base, function(err, target) {
+        if (!isWindows) seenLinks[id] = target;
+        gotTarget(err, target);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  function gotTarget(err, target, base) {
+    if (err) return cb(err);
+
+    var resolvedLink = pathModule.resolve(previous, target);
+    if (cache) cache[base] = resolvedLink;
+    gotResolvedLink(resolvedLink);
+  }
+
+  function gotResolvedLink(resolvedLink) {
+    // resolve the link, then start over
+    p = pathModule.resolve(resolvedLink, p.slice(pos));
+    start();
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/package.json b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0659e1ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/fs.realpath/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "_from": "fs.realpath@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "fs.realpath@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-FQStJSMVjKpA20onh8sBQRmU6k8=",
+  "_location": "/fs.realpath",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "fs.realpath@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "fs.realpath",
+    "escapedName": "fs.realpath",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/glob"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fs.realpath/-/fs.realpath-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "1504ad2523158caa40db4a2787cb01411994ea4f",
+  "_spec": "fs.realpath@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\glob",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/fs.realpath/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Use node's fs.realpath, but fall back to the JS implementation if the native one fails",
+  "devDependencies": {},
+  "files": [
+    "old.js",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/fs.realpath#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "realpath",
+    "fs",
+    "polyfill"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "fs.realpath",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/isaacs/fs.realpath.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/*.js --cov"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/gauge/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..407bc192e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+### v2.7.4
+
+* Reset colors prior to ending a line, to eliminate flicker when a line
+  is trucated between start and end color sequences.
+
+### v2.7.3
+
+* Only create our onExit handler when we're enabled and remove it when we're
+  disabled.  This stops us from creating multiple onExit handlers when
+  multiple gauge objects are being used.
+* Fix bug where if a theme name were given instead of a theme object, it
+  would crash.
+* Remove supports-color because it's not actually used.  Uhm.  Yes, I just
+  updated it.  >.>
+
+### v2.7.2
+
+* Use supports-color instead of has-color (as the module has been renamed)
+
+### v2.7.1
+
+* Bug fix: Calls to show/pulse while the progress bar is disabled should still
+  update our internal representation of what would be shown should it be enabled.
+
+### v2.7.0
+
+* New feature: Add new `isEnabled` method to allow introspection of the gauge's
+  "enabledness" as controlled by `.enable()` and `.disable()`.
+
+### v2.6.0
+
+* Bug fix: Don't run the code associated with `enable`/`disable` if the gauge
+  is already enabled or disabled respectively.  This prevents leaking event
+  listeners, amongst other weirdness.
+* New feature: Template items can have default values that will be used if no
+  value was otherwise passed in.
+
+### v2.5.3
+
+* Default to `enabled` only if we have a tty.  Users can always override
+  this by passing in the `enabled` option explicitly or by calling calling
+  `gauge.enable()`.
+
+### v2.5.2
+
+* Externalized `./console-strings.js` into `console-control-strings`.
+
+### v2.5.1
+
+* Update to `signal-exit@3.0.0`, which fixes a compatibility bug with the
+  node profiler.
+* [#39](https://github.com/iarna/gauge/pull/39) Fix tests on 0.10 and add
+  a missing devDependency. ([@helloyou2012](https://github.com/helloyou2012))
+
+### v2.5.0
+
+* Add way to programmatically fetch a list of theme names in a themeset
+  (`Themeset.getThemeNames`).
+
+### v2.4.0
+
+* Add support for setting themesets on existing gauge objects.
+* Add post-IO callback to `gauge.hide()` as it is somtetimes necessary when
+  your terminal is interleaving output from multiple filehandles (ie, stdout
+  & stderr).
+
+### v2.3.1
+
+* Fix a refactor bug in setTheme where it wasn't accepting the various types
+  of args it should.
+
+### v2.3.0
+
+#### FEATURES
+
+* Add setTemplate & setTheme back in.
+* Add support for named themes, you can now ask for things like 'colorASCII'
+  and 'brailleSpinner'.  Of course, you can still pass in theme objects.
+  Additionally you can now pass in an object with `hasUnicode`, `hasColor` and
+  `platform` keys in order to override our guesses as to those values when
+  selecting a default theme from the themeset.
+* Make the output stream optional (it defaults to `process.stderr` now).
+* Add `setWriteTo(stream[, tty])` to change the output stream and,
+  optionally, tty.
+
+#### BUG FIXES & REFACTORING
+
+* Abort the display phase early if we're supposed to be hidden and we are.
+* Stop printing a bunch of spaces at the end of lines, since we're already
+  using an erase-to-end-of-line code anyway.
+* The unicode themes were missing the subsection separator.
+
+### v2.2.1
+
+* Fix image in readme
+
+### v2.2.0
+
+* All new themes API– reference themes by name and pass in custom themes and
+  themesets (themesets get platform support autodetection done on them to
+  select the best theme).  Theme mixins let you add features to all existing
+  themes.
+* Much, much improved test coverage.
+
+### v2.1.0
+
+* Got rid of ░ in the default platform, noUnicode, hasColor theme.  Thanks
+  to @yongtw123 for pointing out this had snuck in.
+* Fiddled with the demo output to make it easier to see the spinner spin. Also
+  added prints before each platforms test output.
+* I forgot to include `signal-exit` in our deps.  <.< Thank you @KenanY for
+  finding this. Then I was lazy and made a new commit instead of using his
+  PR. Again, thank you for your patience @KenenY.
+* Drastically speed up travis testing.
+* Add a small javascript demo (demo.js) for showing off the various themes
+  (and testing them on diff platforms).
+* Change: The subsection separator from ⁄ and / (different chars) to >.
+* Fix crasher: A show or pulse without a label would cause the template renderer
+  to complain about a missing value.
+* New feature: Add the ability to disable the clean-up-on-exit behavior.
+  Not something I expect to be widely desirable, but important if you have
+  multiple distinct gauge instances in your app.
+* Use our own color support detection.
+  The `has-color` module proved too magic for my needs, making assumptions
+  as to which stream we write to and reading command line arguments.
+
+### v2.0.0
+
+This is a major rewrite of the internals.  Externally there are fewer
+changes:
+
+* On node>0.8 gauge object now prints updates at a fixed rate.  This means
+  that when you call `show` it may wate up to `updateInterval` ms before it
+  actually prints an update.  You override this behavior with the
+  `fixedFramerate` option.
+* The gauge object now keeps the cursor hidden as long as it's enabled and
+  shown.
+* The constructor's arguments have changed, now it takes a mandatory output
+  stream and an optional options object.  The stream no longer needs to be
+  an `ansi`ified stream, although it can be if you want (but we won't make
+  use of its special features).
+* Previously the gauge was disabled by default if `process.stdout` wasn't a
+  tty.  Now it always defaults to enabled.  If you want the previous
+  behavior set the `enabled` option to `process.stdout.isTTY`.
+* The constructor's options have changed– see the docs for details.
+* Themes are entirely different.  If you were using a custom theme, or
+  referring to one directly (eg via `Gauge.unicode` or `Gauge.ascii`) then
+  you'll need to change your code.  You can get the equivalent of the latter
+  with:
+  ```
+  var themes = require('gauge/themes')
+  var unicodeTheme = themes(true, true) // returns the color unicode theme for your platform
+  ```
+  The default themes no longer use any ambiguous width characters, so even
+  if you choose to display those as wide your progress bar should still
+  display correctly.
+* Templates are entirely different and if you were using a custom one, you
+  should consult the documentation to learn how to recreate it.  If you were
+  using the default, be aware that it has changed and the result looks quite
+  a bit different.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/gauge/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e75605296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, Rebecca Turner <me@re-becca.org>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/README.md b/backend/node_modules/gauge/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdd60e38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+gauge
+=====
+
+A nearly stateless terminal based horizontal gauge / progress bar.
+
+```javascript
+var Gauge = require("gauge")
+
+var gauge = new Gauge()
+
+gauge.show("test", 0.20)
+
+gauge.pulse("this")
+
+gauge.hide()
+```
+
+![](gauge-demo.gif)
+
+
+### CHANGES FROM 1.x
+
+Gauge 2.x is breaking release, please see the [changelog] for details on
+what's changed if you were previously a user of this module.
+
+[changelog]: CHANGELOG.md
+
+### THE GAUGE CLASS
+
+This is the typical interface to the module– it provides a pretty
+fire-and-forget interface to displaying your status information.
+
+```
+var Gauge = require("gauge")
+
+var gauge = new Gauge([stream], [options])
+```
+
+* **stream** – *(optional, default STDERR)* A stream that progress bar
+  updates are to be written to.  Gauge honors backpressure and will pause
+  most writing if it is indicated.
+* **options** – *(optional)* An option object.
+
+Constructs a new gauge. Gauges are drawn on a single line, and are not drawn
+if **stream** isn't a tty and a tty isn't explicitly provided.
+
+If **stream** is a terminal or if you pass in **tty** to **options** then we
+will detect terminal resizes and redraw to fit.  We do this by watching for
+`resize` events on the tty.  (To work around a bug in verisons of Node prior
+to 2.5.0, we watch for them on stdout if the tty is stderr.) Resizes to
+larger window sizes will be clean, but shrinking the window will always
+result in some cruft.
+
+**IMPORTANT:** If you prevously were passing in a non-tty stream but you still
+want output (for example, a stream wrapped by the `ansi` module) then you
+need to pass in the **tty** option below, as `gauge` needs access to
+the underlying tty in order to do things like terminal resizes and terminal
+width detection.
+
+The **options** object can have the following properties, all of which are
+optional:
+
+* **updateInterval**: How often gauge updates should be drawn, in miliseconds.
+* **fixedFramerate**: Defaults to false on node 0.8, true on everything
+  else.  When this is true a timer is created to trigger once every
+  `updateInterval` ms, when false, updates are printed as soon as they come
+  in but updates more often than `updateInterval` are ignored.  The reason
+  0.8 doesn't have this set to true is that it can't `unref` its timer and
+  so it would stop your program from exiting– if you want to use this
+  feature with 0.8 just make sure you call `gauge.disable()` before you
+  expect your program to exit.
+* **themes**: A themeset to use when selecting the theme to use. Defaults
+  to `gauge/themes`, see the [themes] documentation for details.
+* **theme**: Select a theme for use, it can be a:
+  * Theme object, in which case the **themes** is not used.
+  * The name of a theme, which will be looked up in the current *themes*
+    object.
+  * A configuration object with any of `hasUnicode`, `hasColor` or
+    `platform` keys, which if wlll be used to override our guesses when making
+    a default theme selection.
+
+  If no theme is selected then a default is picked using a combination of our
+  best guesses at your OS, color support and unicode support.
+* **template**: Describes what you want your gauge to look like.  The
+  default is what npm uses.  Detailed [documentation] is later in this
+  document.
+* **hideCursor**: Defaults to true.  If true, then the cursor will be hidden
+  while the gauge is displayed.
+* **tty**: The tty that you're ultimately writing to.  Defaults to the same
+  as **stream**.  This is used for detecting the width of the terminal and
+  resizes. The width used is `tty.columns - 1`. If no tty is available then
+  a width of `79` is assumed.
+* **enabled**: Defaults to true if `tty` is a TTY, false otherwise.  If true
+  the gauge starts enabled.  If disabled then all update commands are
+  ignored and no gauge will be printed until you call `.enable()`.
+* **Plumbing**: The class to use to actually generate the gauge for
+  printing.  This defaults to `require('gauge/plumbing')` and ordinarly you
+  shouldn't need to override this.
+* **cleanupOnExit**: Defaults to true. Ordinarily we register an exit
+  handler to make sure your cursor is turned back on and the progress bar
+  erased when your process exits, even if you Ctrl-C out or otherwise exit
+  unexpectedly. You can disable this and it won't register the exit handler.
+
+[has-unicode]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/has-unicode
+[themes]: #themes
+[documentation]: #templates
+
+#### `gauge.show(section | status, [completed])`
+
+The first argument is either the section, the name of the current thing
+contributing to progress, or an object with keys like **section**,
+**subsection** & **completed** (or any others you have types for in a custom
+template).  If you don't want to update or set any of these you can pass
+`null` and it will be ignored.
+
+The second argument is the percent completed as a value between 0 and 1.
+Without it, completion is just not updated. You'll also note that completion
+can be passed in as part of a status object as the first argument. If both
+it and the completed argument are passed in, the completed argument wins.
+
+#### `gauge.hide([cb])`
+
+Removes the gauge from the terminal.  Optionally, callback `cb` after IO has
+had an opportunity to happen (currently this just means after `setImmediate`
+has called back.)
+
+It turns out this is important when you're pausing the progress bar on one
+filehandle and printing to another– otherwise (with a big enough print) node
+can end up printing the "end progress bar" bits to the progress bar filehandle
+while other stuff is printing to another filehandle. These getting interleaved
+can cause corruption in some terminals.
+
+#### `gauge.pulse([subsection])`
+
+* **subsection** – *(optional)* The specific thing that triggered this pulse
+
+Spins the spinner in the gauge to show output.  If **subsection** is
+included then it will be combined with the last name passed to `gauge.show`.
+
+#### `gauge.disable()`
+
+Hides the gauge and ignores further calls to `show` or `pulse`.
+
+#### `gauge.enable()`
+
+Shows the gauge and resumes updating when `show` or `pulse` is called.
+
+#### `gauge.isEnabled()`
+
+Returns true if the gauge is enabled.
+
+#### `gauge.setThemeset(themes)`
+
+Change the themeset to select a theme from. The same as the `themes` option
+used in the constructor. The theme will be reselected from this themeset.
+
+#### `gauge.setTheme(theme)`
+
+Change the active theme, will be displayed with the next show or pulse. This can be:
+
+* Theme object, in which case the **themes** is not used.
+* The name of a theme, which will be looked up in the current *themes*
+  object.
+* A configuration object with any of `hasUnicode`, `hasColor` or
+  `platform` keys, which if wlll be used to override our guesses when making
+  a default theme selection.
+
+If no theme is selected then a default is picked using a combination of our
+best guesses at your OS, color support and unicode support.
+
+#### `gauge.setTemplate(template)`
+
+Change the active template, will be displayed with the next show or pulse
+
+### Tracking Completion
+
+If you have more than one thing going on that you want to track completion
+of, you may find the related [are-we-there-yet] helpful.  It's `change`
+event can be wired up to the `show` method to get a more traditional
+progress bar interface.
+
+[are-we-there-yet]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/are-we-there-yet
+
+### THEMES
+
+```
+var themes = require('gauge/themes')
+
+// fetch the default color unicode theme for this platform
+var ourTheme = themes({hasUnicode: true, hasColor: true})
+
+// fetch the default non-color unicode theme for osx
+var ourTheme = themes({hasUnicode: true, hasColor: false, platform: 'darwin'})
+
+// create a new theme based on the color ascii theme for this platform
+// that brackets the progress bar with arrows
+var ourTheme = themes.newTheme(theme(hasUnicode: false, hasColor: true}), {
+  preProgressbar: '→',
+  postProgressbar: '←'
+})
+```
+
+The object returned by `gauge/themes` is an instance of the `ThemeSet` class.
+
+```
+var ThemeSet = require('gauge/theme-set')
+var themes = new ThemeSet()
+// or
+var themes = require('gauge/themes')
+var mythemes = themes.newThemeset() // creates a new themeset based on the default themes
+```
+
+#### themes(opts)
+#### themes.getDefault(opts)
+
+Theme objects are a function that fetches the default theme based on
+platform, unicode and color support.
+
+Options is an object with the following properties:
+
+* **hasUnicode** - If true, fetch a unicode theme, if no unicode theme is
+  available then a non-unicode theme will be used.
+* **hasColor** - If true, fetch a color theme, if no color theme is
+  available a non-color theme will be used.
+* **platform** (optional) - Defaults to `process.platform`.  If no
+  platform match is available then `fallback` is used instead.
+
+If no compatible theme can be found then an error will be thrown with a
+`code` of `EMISSINGTHEME`.
+
+#### themes.addTheme(themeName, themeObj)
+#### themes.addTheme(themeName, [parentTheme], newTheme)
+
+Adds a named theme to the themeset.  You can pass in either a theme object,
+as returned by `themes.newTheme` or the arguments you'd pass to
+`themes.newTheme`.
+
+#### themes.getThemeNames()
+
+Return a list of all of the names of the themes in this themeset. Suitable
+for use in `themes.getTheme(…)`.
+
+#### themes.getTheme(name)
+
+Returns the theme object from this theme set named `name`.
+
+If `name` does not exist in this themeset an error will be thrown with
+a `code` of `EMISSINGTHEME`.
+
+#### themes.setDefault([opts], themeName)
+
+`opts` is an object with the following properties.
+
+* **platform** - Defaults to `'fallback'`.  If your theme is platform
+  specific, specify that here with the platform from `process.platform`, eg,
+  `win32`, `darwin`, etc.
+* **hasUnicode** - Defaults to `false`. If your theme uses unicode you
+  should set this to true.
+* **hasColor** - Defaults to `false`.  If your theme uses color you should
+  set this to true.
+
+`themeName` is the name of the theme (as given to `addTheme`) to use for
+this set of `opts`.
+
+#### themes.newTheme([parentTheme,] newTheme)
+
+Create a new theme object based on `parentTheme`.  If no `parentTheme` is
+provided then a minimal parentTheme that defines functions for rendering the
+activity indicator (spinner) and progress bar will be defined. (This
+fallback parent is defined in `gauge/base-theme`.)
+
+newTheme should be a bare object– we'll start by discussing the properties
+defined by the default themes:
+
+* **preProgressbar** - displayed prior to the progress bar, if the progress
+  bar is displayed.
+* **postProgressbar** - displayed after the progress bar, if the progress bar
+  is displayed.
+* **progressBarTheme** - The subtheme passed through to the progress bar
+  renderer, it's an object with `complete` and `remaining` properties
+  that are the strings you want repeated for those sections of the progress
+  bar.
+* **activityIndicatorTheme** - The theme for the activity indicator (spinner),
+  this can either be a string, in which each character is a different step, or
+  an array of strings.
+* **preSubsection** - Displayed as a separator between the `section` and
+  `subsection` when the latter is printed.
+
+More generally, themes can have any value that would be a valid value when rendering
+templates. The properties in the theme are used when their name matches a type in
+the template. Their values can be:
+
+* **strings & numbers** - They'll be included as is
+* **function (values, theme, width)** - Should return what you want in your output.
+  *values* is an object with values provided via `gauge.show`,
+  *theme* is the theme specific to this item (see below) or this theme object,
+  and *width* is the number of characters wide your result should be.
+
+There are a couple of special prefixes:
+
+* **pre** - Is shown prior to the property, if its displayed.
+* **post** - Is shown after the property, if its displayed.
+
+And one special suffix:
+
+* **Theme** - Its value is passed to a function-type item as the theme.
+
+#### themes.addToAllThemes(theme)
+
+This *mixes-in* `theme` into all themes currently defined. It also adds it
+to the default parent theme for this themeset, so future themes added to
+this themeset will get the values from `theme` by default.
+
+#### themes.newThemeset()
+
+Copy the current themeset into a new one.  This allows you to easily inherit
+one themeset from another.
+
+### TEMPLATES
+
+A template is an array of objects and strings that, after being evaluated,
+will be turned into the gauge line.  The default template is:
+
+```javascript
+[
+    {type: 'progressbar', length: 20},
+    {type: 'activityIndicator', kerning: 1, length: 1},
+    {type: 'section', kerning: 1, default: ''},
+    {type: 'subsection', kerning: 1, default: ''}
+]
+```
+
+The various template elements can either be **plain strings**, in which case they will
+be be included verbatum in the output, or objects with the following properties:
+
+* *type* can be any of the following plus any keys you pass into `gauge.show` plus
+  any keys you have on a custom theme.
+  * `section` – What big thing you're working on now.
+  * `subsection` – What component of that thing is currently working.
+  * `activityIndicator` – Shows a spinner using the `activityIndicatorTheme`
+    from your active theme.
+  * `progressbar` – A progress bar representing your current `completed`
+    using the `progressbarTheme` from your active theme.
+* *kerning* – Number of spaces that must be between this item and other
+  items, if this item is displayed at all.
+* *maxLength* – The maximum length for this element. If its value is longer it
+  will be truncated.
+* *minLength* – The minimum length for this element. If its value is shorter it
+  will be padded according to the *align* value.
+* *align* – (Default: left) Possible values "left", "right" and "center". Works
+  as you'd expect from word processors.
+* *length* – Provides a single value for both *minLength* and *maxLength*. If both
+  *length* and *minLength or *maxLength* are specifed then the latter take precedence.
+* *value* – A literal value to use for this template item.
+* *default* – A default value to use for this template item if a value
+  wasn't otherwise passed in.
+
+### PLUMBING
+
+This is the super simple, assume nothing, do no magic internals used by gauge to
+implement its ordinary interface.
+
+```
+var Plumbing = require('gauge/plumbing')
+var gauge = new Plumbing(theme, template, width)
+```
+
+* **theme**: The theme to use.
+* **template**: The template to use.
+* **width**: How wide your gauge should be
+
+#### `gauge.setTheme(theme)`
+
+Change the active theme.
+
+#### `gauge.setTemplate(template)`
+
+Change the active template.
+
+#### `gauge.setWidth(width)`
+
+Change the width to render at.
+
+#### `gauge.hide()`
+
+Return the string necessary to hide the progress bar
+
+#### `gauge.hideCursor()`
+
+Return a string to hide the cursor.
+
+#### `gauge.showCursor()`
+
+Return a string to show the cursor.
+
+#### `gauge.show(status)`
+
+Using `status` for values, render the provided template with the theme and return
+a string that is suitable for printing to update the gauge.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/base-theme.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/base-theme.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b67638e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/base-theme.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use strict'
+var spin = require('./spin.js')
+var progressBar = require('./progress-bar.js')
+
+module.exports = {
+  activityIndicator: function (values, theme, width) {
+    if (values.spun == null) return
+    return spin(theme, values.spun)
+  },
+  progressbar: function (values, theme, width) {
+    if (values.completed == null) return
+    return progressBar(theme, width, values.completed)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/error.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/error.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9914ba53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/error.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict'
+var util = require('util')
+
+var User = exports.User = function User (msg) {
+  var err = new Error(msg)
+  Error.captureStackTrace(err, User)
+  err.code = 'EGAUGE'
+  return err
+}
+
+exports.MissingTemplateValue = function MissingTemplateValue (item, values) {
+  var err = new User(util.format('Missing template value "%s"', item.type))
+  Error.captureStackTrace(err, MissingTemplateValue)
+  err.template = item
+  err.values = values
+  return err
+}
+
+exports.Internal = function Internal (msg) {
+  var err = new Error(msg)
+  Error.captureStackTrace(err, Internal)
+  err.code = 'EGAUGEINTERNAL'
+  return err
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/has-color.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/has-color.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e283a256f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/has-color.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict'
+
+module.exports = isWin32() || isColorTerm()
+
+function isWin32 () {
+  return process.platform === 'win32'
+}
+
+function isColorTerm () {
+  var termHasColor = /^screen|^xterm|^vt100|color|ansi|cygwin|linux/i
+  return !!process.env.COLORTERM || termHasColor.test(process.env.TERM)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/index.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c55324008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+'use strict'
+var Plumbing = require('./plumbing.js')
+var hasUnicode = require('has-unicode')
+var hasColor = require('./has-color.js')
+var onExit = require('signal-exit')
+var defaultThemes = require('./themes')
+var setInterval = require('./set-interval.js')
+var process = require('./process.js')
+var setImmediate = require('./set-immediate')
+
+module.exports = Gauge
+
+function callWith (obj, method) {
+  return function () {
+    return method.call(obj)
+  }
+}
+
+function Gauge (arg1, arg2) {
+  var options, writeTo
+  if (arg1 && arg1.write) {
+    writeTo = arg1
+    options = arg2 || {}
+  } else if (arg2 && arg2.write) {
+    writeTo = arg2
+    options = arg1 || {}
+  } else {
+    writeTo = process.stderr
+    options = arg1 || arg2 || {}
+  }
+
+  this._status = {
+    spun: 0,
+    section: '',
+    subsection: ''
+  }
+  this._paused = false // are we paused for back pressure?
+  this._disabled = true // are all progress bar updates disabled?
+  this._showing = false // do we WANT the progress bar on screen
+  this._onScreen = false // IS the progress bar on screen
+  this._needsRedraw = false // should we print something at next tick?
+  this._hideCursor = options.hideCursor == null ? true : options.hideCursor
+  this._fixedFramerate = options.fixedFramerate == null
+    ? !(/^v0\.8\./.test(process.version))
+    : options.fixedFramerate
+  this._lastUpdateAt = null
+  this._updateInterval = options.updateInterval == null ? 50 : options.updateInterval
+
+  this._themes = options.themes || defaultThemes
+  this._theme = options.theme
+  var theme = this._computeTheme(options.theme)
+  var template = options.template || [
+    {type: 'progressbar', length: 20},
+    {type: 'activityIndicator', kerning: 1, length: 1},
+    {type: 'section', kerning: 1, default: ''},
+    {type: 'subsection', kerning: 1, default: ''}
+  ]
+  this.setWriteTo(writeTo, options.tty)
+  var PlumbingClass = options.Plumbing || Plumbing
+  this._gauge = new PlumbingClass(theme, template, this.getWidth())
+
+  this._$$doRedraw = callWith(this, this._doRedraw)
+  this._$$handleSizeChange = callWith(this, this._handleSizeChange)
+
+  this._cleanupOnExit = options.cleanupOnExit == null || options.cleanupOnExit
+  this._removeOnExit = null
+
+  if (options.enabled || (options.enabled == null && this._tty && this._tty.isTTY)) {
+    this.enable()
+  } else {
+    this.disable()
+  }
+}
+Gauge.prototype = {}
+
+Gauge.prototype.isEnabled = function () {
+  return !this._disabled
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.setTemplate = function (template) {
+  this._gauge.setTemplate(template)
+  if (this._showing) this._requestRedraw()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype._computeTheme = function (theme) {
+  if (!theme) theme = {}
+  if (typeof theme === 'string') {
+    theme = this._themes.getTheme(theme)
+  } else if (theme && (Object.keys(theme).length === 0 || theme.hasUnicode != null || theme.hasColor != null)) {
+    var useUnicode = theme.hasUnicode == null ? hasUnicode() : theme.hasUnicode
+    var useColor = theme.hasColor == null ? hasColor : theme.hasColor
+    theme = this._themes.getDefault({hasUnicode: useUnicode, hasColor: useColor, platform: theme.platform})
+  }
+  return theme
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.setThemeset = function (themes) {
+  this._themes = themes
+  this.setTheme(this._theme)
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.setTheme = function (theme) {
+  this._gauge.setTheme(this._computeTheme(theme))
+  if (this._showing) this._requestRedraw()
+  this._theme = theme
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype._requestRedraw = function () {
+  this._needsRedraw = true
+  if (!this._fixedFramerate) this._doRedraw()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.getWidth = function () {
+  return ((this._tty && this._tty.columns) || 80) - 1
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.setWriteTo = function (writeTo, tty) {
+  var enabled = !this._disabled
+  if (enabled) this.disable()
+  this._writeTo = writeTo
+  this._tty = tty ||
+    (writeTo === process.stderr && process.stdout.isTTY && process.stdout) ||
+    (writeTo.isTTY && writeTo) ||
+    this._tty
+  if (this._gauge) this._gauge.setWidth(this.getWidth())
+  if (enabled) this.enable()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.enable = function () {
+  if (!this._disabled) return
+  this._disabled = false
+  if (this._tty) this._enableEvents()
+  if (this._showing) this.show()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.disable = function () {
+  if (this._disabled) return
+  if (this._showing) {
+    this._lastUpdateAt = null
+    this._showing = false
+    this._doRedraw()
+    this._showing = true
+  }
+  this._disabled = true
+  if (this._tty) this._disableEvents()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype._enableEvents = function () {
+  if (this._cleanupOnExit) {
+    this._removeOnExit = onExit(callWith(this, this.disable))
+  }
+  this._tty.on('resize', this._$$handleSizeChange)
+  if (this._fixedFramerate) {
+    this.redrawTracker = setInterval(this._$$doRedraw, this._updateInterval)
+    if (this.redrawTracker.unref) this.redrawTracker.unref()
+  }
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype._disableEvents = function () {
+  this._tty.removeListener('resize', this._$$handleSizeChange)
+  if (this._fixedFramerate) clearInterval(this.redrawTracker)
+  if (this._removeOnExit) this._removeOnExit()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.hide = function (cb) {
+  if (this._disabled) return cb && process.nextTick(cb)
+  if (!this._showing) return cb && process.nextTick(cb)
+  this._showing = false
+  this._doRedraw()
+  cb && setImmediate(cb)
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.show = function (section, completed) {
+  this._showing = true
+  if (typeof section === 'string') {
+    this._status.section = section
+  } else if (typeof section === 'object') {
+    var sectionKeys = Object.keys(section)
+    for (var ii = 0; ii < sectionKeys.length; ++ii) {
+      var key = sectionKeys[ii]
+      this._status[key] = section[key]
+    }
+  }
+  if (completed != null) this._status.completed = completed
+  if (this._disabled) return
+  this._requestRedraw()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype.pulse = function (subsection) {
+  this._status.subsection = subsection || ''
+  this._status.spun ++
+  if (this._disabled) return
+  if (!this._showing) return
+  this._requestRedraw()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype._handleSizeChange = function () {
+  this._gauge.setWidth(this._tty.columns - 1)
+  this._requestRedraw()
+}
+
+Gauge.prototype._doRedraw = function () {
+  if (this._disabled || this._paused) return
+  if (!this._fixedFramerate) {
+    var now = Date.now()
+    if (this._lastUpdateAt && now - this._lastUpdateAt < this._updateInterval) return
+    this._lastUpdateAt = now
+  }
+  if (!this._showing && this._onScreen) {
+    this._onScreen = false
+    var result = this._gauge.hide()
+    if (this._hideCursor) {
+      result += this._gauge.showCursor()
+    }
+    return this._writeTo.write(result)
+  }
+  if (!this._showing && !this._onScreen) return
+  if (this._showing && !this._onScreen) {
+    this._onScreen = true
+    this._needsRedraw = true
+    if (this._hideCursor) {
+      this._writeTo.write(this._gauge.hideCursor())
+    }
+  }
+  if (!this._needsRedraw) return
+  if (!this._writeTo.write(this._gauge.show(this._status))) {
+    this._paused = true
+    this._writeTo.on('drain', callWith(this, function () {
+      this._paused = false
+      this._doRedraw()
+    }))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/package.json b/backend/node_modules/gauge/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b2f4a0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "_from": "gauge@~2.7.3",
+  "_id": "gauge@2.7.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-LANAXHU4w51+s3sxcCLjJfsBi/c=",
+  "_location": "/gauge",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "gauge@~2.7.3",
+    "name": "gauge",
+    "escapedName": "gauge",
+    "rawSpec": "~2.7.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~2.7.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/npmlog"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/gauge/-/gauge-2.7.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2c03405c7538c39d7eb37b317022e325fb018bf7",
+  "_spec": "gauge@~2.7.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\npmlog",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Rebecca Turner",
+    "email": "me@re-becca.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/iarna/gauge/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "aproba": "^1.0.3",
+    "console-control-strings": "^1.0.0",
+    "has-unicode": "^2.0.0",
+    "object-assign": "^4.1.0",
+    "signal-exit": "^3.0.0",
+    "string-width": "^1.0.1",
+    "strip-ansi": "^3.0.1",
+    "wide-align": "^1.1.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A terminal based horizontal guage",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "readable-stream": "^2.0.6",
+    "require-inject": "^1.4.0",
+    "standard": "^7.1.2",
+    "tap": "^5.7.2",
+    "through2": "^2.0.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "base-theme.js",
+    "CHANGELOG.md",
+    "error.js",
+    "has-color.js",
+    "index.js",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "package.json",
+    "plumbing.js",
+    "process.js",
+    "progress-bar.js",
+    "README.md",
+    "render-template.js",
+    "set-immediate.js",
+    "set-interval.js",
+    "spin.js",
+    "template-item.js",
+    "theme-set.js",
+    "themes.js",
+    "wide-truncate.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/iarna/gauge",
+  "keywords": [
+    "progressbar",
+    "progress",
+    "gauge"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "gauge",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/iarna/gauge.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "prepublish": "rm -f *~",
+    "test": "standard && tap test/*.js --coverage"
+  },
+  "version": "2.7.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/plumbing.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/plumbing.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1afb4af6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/plumbing.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+'use strict'
+var consoleControl = require('console-control-strings')
+var renderTemplate = require('./render-template.js')
+var validate = require('aproba')
+
+var Plumbing = module.exports = function (theme, template, width) {
+  if (!width) width = 80
+  validate('OAN', [theme, template, width])
+  this.showing = false
+  this.theme = theme
+  this.width = width
+  this.template = template
+}
+Plumbing.prototype = {}
+
+Plumbing.prototype.setTheme = function (theme) {
+  validate('O', [theme])
+  this.theme = theme
+}
+
+Plumbing.prototype.setTemplate = function (template) {
+  validate('A', [template])
+  this.template = template
+}
+
+Plumbing.prototype.setWidth = function (width) {
+  validate('N', [width])
+  this.width = width
+}
+
+Plumbing.prototype.hide = function () {
+  return consoleControl.gotoSOL() + consoleControl.eraseLine()
+}
+
+Plumbing.prototype.hideCursor = consoleControl.hideCursor
+
+Plumbing.prototype.showCursor = consoleControl.showCursor
+
+Plumbing.prototype.show = function (status) {
+  var values = Object.create(this.theme)
+  for (var key in status) {
+    values[key] = status[key]
+  }
+
+  return renderTemplate(this.width, this.template, values).trim() +
+         consoleControl.color('reset') +
+         consoleControl.eraseLine() + consoleControl.gotoSOL()
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/process.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/process.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05e85694d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/process.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+'use strict'
+// this exists so we can replace it during testing
+module.exports = process
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/progress-bar.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/progress-bar.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f8dd68be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/progress-bar.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict'
+var validate = require('aproba')
+var renderTemplate = require('./render-template.js')
+var wideTruncate = require('./wide-truncate')
+var stringWidth = require('string-width')
+
+module.exports = function (theme, width, completed) {
+  validate('ONN', [theme, width, completed])
+  if (completed < 0) completed = 0
+  if (completed > 1) completed = 1
+  if (width <= 0) return ''
+  var sofar = Math.round(width * completed)
+  var rest = width - sofar
+  var template = [
+    {type: 'complete', value: repeat(theme.complete, sofar), length: sofar},
+    {type: 'remaining', value: repeat(theme.remaining, rest), length: rest}
+  ]
+  return renderTemplate(width, template, theme)
+}
+
+// lodash's way of repeating
+function repeat (string, width) {
+  var result = ''
+  var n = width
+  do {
+    if (n % 2) {
+      result += string
+    }
+    n = Math.floor(n / 2)
+    /*eslint no-self-assign: 0*/
+    string += string
+  } while (n && stringWidth(result) < width)
+
+  return wideTruncate(result, width)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/render-template.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/render-template.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3261bfbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/render-template.js
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+'use strict'
+var align = require('wide-align')
+var validate = require('aproba')
+var objectAssign = require('object-assign')
+var wideTruncate = require('./wide-truncate')
+var error = require('./error')
+var TemplateItem = require('./template-item')
+
+function renderValueWithValues (values) {
+  return function (item) {
+    return renderValue(item, values)
+  }
+}
+
+var renderTemplate = module.exports = function (width, template, values) {
+  var items = prepareItems(width, template, values)
+  var rendered = items.map(renderValueWithValues(values)).join('')
+  return align.left(wideTruncate(rendered, width), width)
+}
+
+function preType (item) {
+  var cappedTypeName = item.type[0].toUpperCase() + item.type.slice(1)
+  return 'pre' + cappedTypeName
+}
+
+function postType (item) {
+  var cappedTypeName = item.type[0].toUpperCase() + item.type.slice(1)
+  return 'post' + cappedTypeName
+}
+
+function hasPreOrPost (item, values) {
+  if (!item.type) return
+  return values[preType(item)] || values[postType(item)]
+}
+
+function generatePreAndPost (baseItem, parentValues) {
+  var item = objectAssign({}, baseItem)
+  var values = Object.create(parentValues)
+  var template = []
+  var pre = preType(item)
+  var post = postType(item)
+  if (values[pre]) {
+    template.push({value: values[pre]})
+    values[pre] = null
+  }
+  item.minLength = null
+  item.length = null
+  item.maxLength = null
+  template.push(item)
+  values[item.type] = values[item.type]
+  if (values[post]) {
+    template.push({value: values[post]})
+    values[post] = null
+  }
+  return function ($1, $2, length) {
+    return renderTemplate(length, template, values)
+  }
+}
+
+function prepareItems (width, template, values) {
+  function cloneAndObjectify (item, index, arr) {
+    var cloned = new TemplateItem(item, width)
+    var type = cloned.type
+    if (cloned.value == null) {
+      if (!(type in values)) {
+        if (cloned.default == null) {
+          throw new error.MissingTemplateValue(cloned, values)
+        } else {
+          cloned.value = cloned.default
+        }
+      } else {
+        cloned.value = values[type]
+      }
+    }
+    if (cloned.value == null || cloned.value === '') return null
+    cloned.index = index
+    cloned.first = index === 0
+    cloned.last = index === arr.length - 1
+    if (hasPreOrPost(cloned, values)) cloned.value = generatePreAndPost(cloned, values)
+    return cloned
+  }
+
+  var output = template.map(cloneAndObjectify).filter(function (item) { return item != null })
+
+  var outputLength = 0
+  var remainingSpace = width
+  var variableCount = output.length
+
+  function consumeSpace (length) {
+    if (length > remainingSpace) length = remainingSpace
+    outputLength += length
+    remainingSpace -= length
+  }
+
+  function finishSizing (item, length) {
+    if (item.finished) throw new error.Internal('Tried to finish template item that was already finished')
+    if (length === Infinity) throw new error.Internal('Length of template item cannot be infinity')
+    if (length != null) item.length = length
+    item.minLength = null
+    item.maxLength = null
+    --variableCount
+    item.finished = true
+    if (item.length == null) item.length = item.getBaseLength()
+    if (item.length == null) throw new error.Internal('Finished template items must have a length')
+    consumeSpace(item.getLength())
+  }
+
+  output.forEach(function (item) {
+    if (!item.kerning) return
+    var prevPadRight = item.first ? 0 : output[item.index - 1].padRight
+    if (!item.first && prevPadRight < item.kerning) item.padLeft = item.kerning - prevPadRight
+    if (!item.last) item.padRight = item.kerning
+  })
+
+  // Finish any that have a fixed (literal or intuited) length
+  output.forEach(function (item) {
+    if (item.getBaseLength() == null) return
+    finishSizing(item)
+  })
+
+  var resized = 0
+  var resizing
+  var hunkSize
+  do {
+    resizing = false
+    hunkSize = Math.round(remainingSpace / variableCount)
+    output.forEach(function (item) {
+      if (item.finished) return
+      if (!item.maxLength) return
+      if (item.getMaxLength() < hunkSize) {
+        finishSizing(item, item.maxLength)
+        resizing = true
+      }
+    })
+  } while (resizing && resized++ < output.length)
+  if (resizing) throw new error.Internal('Resize loop iterated too many times while determining maxLength')
+
+  resized = 0
+  do {
+    resizing = false
+    hunkSize = Math.round(remainingSpace / variableCount)
+    output.forEach(function (item) {
+      if (item.finished) return
+      if (!item.minLength) return
+      if (item.getMinLength() >= hunkSize) {
+        finishSizing(item, item.minLength)
+        resizing = true
+      }
+    })
+  } while (resizing && resized++ < output.length)
+  if (resizing) throw new error.Internal('Resize loop iterated too many times while determining minLength')
+
+  hunkSize = Math.round(remainingSpace / variableCount)
+  output.forEach(function (item) {
+    if (item.finished) return
+    finishSizing(item, hunkSize)
+  })
+
+  return output
+}
+
+function renderFunction (item, values, length) {
+  validate('OON', arguments)
+  if (item.type) {
+    return item.value(values, values[item.type + 'Theme'] || {}, length)
+  } else {
+    return item.value(values, {}, length)
+  }
+}
+
+function renderValue (item, values) {
+  var length = item.getBaseLength()
+  var value = typeof item.value === 'function' ? renderFunction(item, values, length) : item.value
+  if (value == null || value === '') return ''
+  var alignWith = align[item.align] || align.left
+  var leftPadding = item.padLeft ? align.left('', item.padLeft) : ''
+  var rightPadding = item.padRight ? align.right('', item.padRight) : ''
+  var truncated = wideTruncate(String(value), length)
+  var aligned = alignWith(truncated, length)
+  return leftPadding + aligned + rightPadding
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/set-immediate.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/set-immediate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6650a485c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/set-immediate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use strict'
+var process = require('./process')
+try {
+  module.exports = setImmediate
+} catch (ex) {
+  module.exports = process.nextTick
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/set-interval.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/set-interval.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..576198793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/set-interval.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+'use strict'
+// this exists so we can replace it during testing
+module.exports = setInterval
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/spin.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/spin.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34142ee31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/spin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+'use strict'
+
+module.exports = function spin (spinstr, spun) {
+  return spinstr[spun % spinstr.length]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/template-item.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/template-item.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e46f447c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/template-item.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use strict'
+var stringWidth = require('string-width')
+
+module.exports = TemplateItem
+
+function isPercent (num) {
+  if (typeof num !== 'string') return false
+  return num.slice(-1) === '%'
+}
+
+function percent (num) {
+  return Number(num.slice(0, -1)) / 100
+}
+
+function TemplateItem (values, outputLength) {
+  this.overallOutputLength = outputLength
+  this.finished = false
+  this.type = null
+  this.value = null
+  this.length = null
+  this.maxLength = null
+  this.minLength = null
+  this.kerning = null
+  this.align = 'left'
+  this.padLeft = 0
+  this.padRight = 0
+  this.index = null
+  this.first = null
+  this.last = null
+  if (typeof values === 'string') {
+    this.value = values
+  } else {
+    for (var prop in values) this[prop] = values[prop]
+  }
+  // Realize percents
+  if (isPercent(this.length)) {
+    this.length = Math.round(this.overallOutputLength * percent(this.length))
+  }
+  if (isPercent(this.minLength)) {
+    this.minLength = Math.round(this.overallOutputLength * percent(this.minLength))
+  }
+  if (isPercent(this.maxLength)) {
+    this.maxLength = Math.round(this.overallOutputLength * percent(this.maxLength))
+  }
+  return this
+}
+
+TemplateItem.prototype = {}
+
+TemplateItem.prototype.getBaseLength = function () {
+  var length = this.length
+  if (length == null && typeof this.value === 'string' && this.maxLength == null && this.minLength == null) {
+    length = stringWidth(this.value)
+  }
+  return length
+}
+
+TemplateItem.prototype.getLength = function () {
+  var length = this.getBaseLength()
+  if (length == null) return null
+  return length + this.padLeft + this.padRight
+}
+
+TemplateItem.prototype.getMaxLength = function () {
+  if (this.maxLength == null) return null
+  return this.maxLength + this.padLeft + this.padRight
+}
+
+TemplateItem.prototype.getMinLength = function () {
+  if (this.minLength == null) return null
+  return this.minLength + this.padLeft + this.padRight
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/theme-set.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/theme-set.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68971d5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/theme-set.js
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+'use strict'
+var objectAssign = require('object-assign')
+
+module.exports = function () {
+  return ThemeSetProto.newThemeSet()
+}
+
+var ThemeSetProto = {}
+
+ThemeSetProto.baseTheme = require('./base-theme.js')
+
+ThemeSetProto.newTheme = function (parent, theme) {
+  if (!theme) {
+    theme = parent
+    parent = this.baseTheme
+  }
+  return objectAssign({}, parent, theme)
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.getThemeNames = function () {
+  return Object.keys(this.themes)
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.addTheme = function (name, parent, theme) {
+  this.themes[name] = this.newTheme(parent, theme)
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.addToAllThemes = function (theme) {
+  var themes = this.themes
+  Object.keys(themes).forEach(function (name) {
+    objectAssign(themes[name], theme)
+  })
+  objectAssign(this.baseTheme, theme)
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.getTheme = function (name) {
+  if (!this.themes[name]) throw this.newMissingThemeError(name)
+  return this.themes[name]
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.setDefault = function (opts, name) {
+  if (name == null) {
+    name = opts
+    opts = {}
+  }
+  var platform = opts.platform == null ? 'fallback' : opts.platform
+  var hasUnicode = !!opts.hasUnicode
+  var hasColor = !!opts.hasColor
+  if (!this.defaults[platform]) this.defaults[platform] = {true: {}, false: {}}
+  this.defaults[platform][hasUnicode][hasColor] = name
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.getDefault = function (opts) {
+  if (!opts) opts = {}
+  var platformName = opts.platform || process.platform
+  var platform = this.defaults[platformName] || this.defaults.fallback
+  var hasUnicode = !!opts.hasUnicode
+  var hasColor = !!opts.hasColor
+  if (!platform) throw this.newMissingDefaultThemeError(platformName, hasUnicode, hasColor)
+  if (!platform[hasUnicode][hasColor]) {
+    if (hasUnicode && hasColor && platform[!hasUnicode][hasColor]) {
+      hasUnicode = false
+    } else if (hasUnicode && hasColor && platform[hasUnicode][!hasColor]) {
+      hasColor = false
+    } else if (hasUnicode && hasColor && platform[!hasUnicode][!hasColor]) {
+      hasUnicode = false
+      hasColor = false
+    } else if (hasUnicode && !hasColor && platform[!hasUnicode][hasColor]) {
+      hasUnicode = false
+    } else if (!hasUnicode && hasColor && platform[hasUnicode][!hasColor]) {
+      hasColor = false
+    } else if (platform === this.defaults.fallback) {
+      throw this.newMissingDefaultThemeError(platformName, hasUnicode, hasColor)
+    }
+  }
+  if (platform[hasUnicode][hasColor]) {
+    return this.getTheme(platform[hasUnicode][hasColor])
+  } else {
+    return this.getDefault(objectAssign({}, opts, {platform: 'fallback'}))
+  }
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.newMissingThemeError = function newMissingThemeError (name) {
+  var err = new Error('Could not find a gauge theme named "' + name + '"')
+  Error.captureStackTrace.call(err, newMissingThemeError)
+  err.theme = name
+  err.code = 'EMISSINGTHEME'
+  return err
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.newMissingDefaultThemeError = function newMissingDefaultThemeError (platformName, hasUnicode, hasColor) {
+  var err = new Error(
+    'Could not find a gauge theme for your platform/unicode/color use combo:\n' +
+    '    platform = ' + platformName + '\n' +
+    '    hasUnicode = ' + hasUnicode + '\n' +
+    '    hasColor = ' + hasColor)
+  Error.captureStackTrace.call(err, newMissingDefaultThemeError)
+  err.platform = platformName
+  err.hasUnicode = hasUnicode
+  err.hasColor = hasColor
+  err.code = 'EMISSINGTHEME'
+  return err
+}
+
+ThemeSetProto.newThemeSet = function () {
+  var themeset = function (opts) {
+    return themeset.getDefault(opts)
+  }
+  return objectAssign(themeset, ThemeSetProto, {
+    themes: objectAssign({}, this.themes),
+    baseTheme: objectAssign({}, this.baseTheme),
+    defaults: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.defaults || {}))
+  })
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/themes.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/themes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb5a4f5b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/themes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'use strict'
+var consoleControl = require('console-control-strings')
+var ThemeSet = require('./theme-set.js')
+
+var themes = module.exports = new ThemeSet()
+
+themes.addTheme('ASCII', {
+  preProgressbar: '[',
+  postProgressbar: ']',
+  progressbarTheme: {
+    complete: '#',
+    remaining: '.'
+  },
+  activityIndicatorTheme: '-\\|/',
+  preSubsection: '>'
+})
+
+themes.addTheme('colorASCII', themes.getTheme('ASCII'), {
+  progressbarTheme: {
+    preComplete: consoleControl.color('inverse'),
+    complete: ' ',
+    postComplete: consoleControl.color('stopInverse'),
+    preRemaining: consoleControl.color('brightBlack'),
+    remaining: '.',
+    postRemaining: consoleControl.color('reset')
+  }
+})
+
+themes.addTheme('brailleSpinner', {
+  preProgressbar: '⸨',
+  postProgressbar: '⸩',
+  progressbarTheme: {
+    complete: '░',
+    remaining: '⠂'
+  },
+  activityIndicatorTheme: '⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏',
+  preSubsection: '>'
+})
+
+themes.addTheme('colorBrailleSpinner', themes.getTheme('brailleSpinner'), {
+  progressbarTheme: {
+    preComplete: consoleControl.color('inverse'),
+    complete: ' ',
+    postComplete: consoleControl.color('stopInverse'),
+    preRemaining: consoleControl.color('brightBlack'),
+    remaining: '░',
+    postRemaining: consoleControl.color('reset')
+  }
+})
+
+themes.setDefault({}, 'ASCII')
+themes.setDefault({hasColor: true}, 'colorASCII')
+themes.setDefault({platform: 'darwin', hasUnicode: true}, 'brailleSpinner')
+themes.setDefault({platform: 'darwin', hasUnicode: true, hasColor: true}, 'colorBrailleSpinner')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/gauge/wide-truncate.js b/backend/node_modules/gauge/wide-truncate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c531bc491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/gauge/wide-truncate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use strict'
+var stringWidth = require('string-width')
+var stripAnsi = require('strip-ansi')
+
+module.exports = wideTruncate
+
+function wideTruncate (str, target) {
+  if (stringWidth(str) === 0) return str
+  if (target <= 0) return ''
+  if (stringWidth(str) <= target) return str
+
+  // We compute the number of bytes of ansi sequences here and add
+  // that to our initial truncation to ensure that we don't slice one
+  // that we want to keep in half.
+  var noAnsi = stripAnsi(str)
+  var ansiSize = str.length + noAnsi.length
+  var truncated = str.slice(0, target + ansiSize)
+
+  // we have to shrink the result to account for our ansi sequence buffer
+  // (if an ansi sequence was truncated) and double width characters.
+  while (stringWidth(truncated) > target) {
+    truncated = truncated.slice(0, -1)
+  }
+  return truncated
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/glob/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42ca266df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+## Glob Logo
+
+Glob's logo created by Tanya Brassie <http://tanyabrassie.com/>, licensed
+under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
+https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/README.md b/backend/node_modules/glob/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dde30a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+# Glob
+
+Match files using the patterns the shell uses, like stars and stuff.
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/node-glob.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/node-glob/) [![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/kd7f3yftf7unxlsx?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/isaacs/node-glob) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/isaacs/node-glob/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/isaacs/node-glob?branch=master)
+
+This is a glob implementation in JavaScript.  It uses the `minimatch`
+library to do its matching.
+
+![a fun cartoon logo made of glob characters](logo/glob.png)
+
+## Usage
+
+Install with npm
+
+```
+npm i glob
+```
+
+```javascript
+var glob = require("glob")
+
+// options is optional
+glob("**/*.js", options, function (er, files) {
+  // files is an array of filenames.
+  // If the `nonull` option is set, and nothing
+  // was found, then files is ["**/*.js"]
+  // er is an error object or null.
+})
+```
+
+## Glob Primer
+
+"Globs" are the patterns you type when you do stuff like `ls *.js` on
+the command line, or put `build/*` in a `.gitignore` file.
+
+Before parsing the path part patterns, braced sections are expanded
+into a set.  Braced sections start with `{` and end with `}`, with any
+number of comma-delimited sections within.  Braced sections may contain
+slash characters, so `a{/b/c,bcd}` would expand into `a/b/c` and `abcd`.
+
+The following characters have special magic meaning when used in a
+path portion:
+
+* `*` Matches 0 or more characters in a single path portion
+* `?` Matches 1 character
+* `[...]` Matches a range of characters, similar to a RegExp range.
+  If the first character of the range is `!` or `^` then it matches
+  any character not in the range.
+* `!(pattern|pattern|pattern)` Matches anything that does not match
+  any of the patterns provided.
+* `?(pattern|pattern|pattern)` Matches zero or one occurrence of the
+  patterns provided.
+* `+(pattern|pattern|pattern)` Matches one or more occurrences of the
+  patterns provided.
+* `*(a|b|c)` Matches zero or more occurrences of the patterns provided
+* `@(pattern|pat*|pat?erN)` Matches exactly one of the patterns
+  provided
+* `**` If a "globstar" is alone in a path portion, then it matches
+  zero or more directories and subdirectories searching for matches.
+  It does not crawl symlinked directories.
+
+### Dots
+
+If a file or directory path portion has a `.` as the first character,
+then it will not match any glob pattern unless that pattern's
+corresponding path part also has a `.` as its first character.
+
+For example, the pattern `a/.*/c` would match the file at `a/.b/c`.
+However the pattern `a/*/c` would not, because `*` does not start with
+a dot character.
+
+You can make glob treat dots as normal characters by setting
+`dot:true` in the options.
+
+### Basename Matching
+
+If you set `matchBase:true` in the options, and the pattern has no
+slashes in it, then it will seek for any file anywhere in the tree
+with a matching basename.  For example, `*.js` would match
+`test/simple/basic.js`.
+
+### Empty Sets
+
+If no matching files are found, then an empty array is returned.  This
+differs from the shell, where the pattern itself is returned.  For
+example:
+
+    $ echo a*s*d*f
+    a*s*d*f
+
+To get the bash-style behavior, set the `nonull:true` in the options.
+
+### See Also:
+
+* `man sh`
+* `man bash` (Search for "Pattern Matching")
+* `man 3 fnmatch`
+* `man 5 gitignore`
+* [minimatch documentation](https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch)
+
+## glob.hasMagic(pattern, [options])
+
+Returns `true` if there are any special characters in the pattern, and
+`false` otherwise.
+
+Note that the options affect the results.  If `noext:true` is set in
+the options object, then `+(a|b)` will not be considered a magic
+pattern.  If the pattern has a brace expansion, like `a/{b/c,x/y}`
+then that is considered magical, unless `nobrace:true` is set in the
+options.
+
+## glob(pattern, [options], cb)
+
+* `pattern` `{String}` Pattern to be matched
+* `options` `{Object}`
+* `cb` `{Function}`
+  * `err` `{Error | null}`
+  * `matches` `{Array<String>}` filenames found matching the pattern
+
+Perform an asynchronous glob search.
+
+## glob.sync(pattern, [options])
+
+* `pattern` `{String}` Pattern to be matched
+* `options` `{Object}`
+* return: `{Array<String>}` filenames found matching the pattern
+
+Perform a synchronous glob search.
+
+## Class: glob.Glob
+
+Create a Glob object by instantiating the `glob.Glob` class.
+
+```javascript
+var Glob = require("glob").Glob
+var mg = new Glob(pattern, options, cb)
+```
+
+It's an EventEmitter, and starts walking the filesystem to find matches
+immediately.
+
+### new glob.Glob(pattern, [options], [cb])
+
+* `pattern` `{String}` pattern to search for
+* `options` `{Object}`
+* `cb` `{Function}` Called when an error occurs, or matches are found
+  * `err` `{Error | null}`
+  * `matches` `{Array<String>}` filenames found matching the pattern
+
+Note that if the `sync` flag is set in the options, then matches will
+be immediately available on the `g.found` member.
+
+### Properties
+
+* `minimatch` The minimatch object that the glob uses.
+* `options` The options object passed in.
+* `aborted` Boolean which is set to true when calling `abort()`.  There
+  is no way at this time to continue a glob search after aborting, but
+  you can re-use the statCache to avoid having to duplicate syscalls.
+* `cache` Convenience object.  Each field has the following possible
+  values:
+  * `false` - Path does not exist
+  * `true` - Path exists
+  * `'FILE'` - Path exists, and is not a directory
+  * `'DIR'` - Path exists, and is a directory
+  * `[file, entries, ...]` - Path exists, is a directory, and the
+    array value is the results of `fs.readdir`
+* `statCache` Cache of `fs.stat` results, to prevent statting the same
+  path multiple times.
+* `symlinks` A record of which paths are symbolic links, which is
+  relevant in resolving `**` patterns.
+* `realpathCache` An optional object which is passed to `fs.realpath`
+  to minimize unnecessary syscalls.  It is stored on the instantiated
+  Glob object, and may be re-used.
+
+### Events
+
+* `end` When the matching is finished, this is emitted with all the
+  matches found.  If the `nonull` option is set, and no match was found,
+  then the `matches` list contains the original pattern.  The matches
+  are sorted, unless the `nosort` flag is set.
+* `match` Every time a match is found, this is emitted with the specific
+  thing that matched. It is not deduplicated or resolved to a realpath.
+* `error` Emitted when an unexpected error is encountered, or whenever
+  any fs error occurs if `options.strict` is set.
+* `abort` When `abort()` is called, this event is raised.
+
+### Methods
+
+* `pause` Temporarily stop the search
+* `resume` Resume the search
+* `abort` Stop the search forever
+
+### Options
+
+All the options that can be passed to Minimatch can also be passed to
+Glob to change pattern matching behavior.  Also, some have been added,
+or have glob-specific ramifications.
+
+All options are false by default, unless otherwise noted.
+
+All options are added to the Glob object, as well.
+
+If you are running many `glob` operations, you can pass a Glob object
+as the `options` argument to a subsequent operation to shortcut some
+`stat` and `readdir` calls.  At the very least, you may pass in shared
+`symlinks`, `statCache`, `realpathCache`, and `cache` options, so that
+parallel glob operations will be sped up by sharing information about
+the filesystem.
+
+* `cwd` The current working directory in which to search.  Defaults
+  to `process.cwd()`.
+* `root` The place where patterns starting with `/` will be mounted
+  onto.  Defaults to `path.resolve(options.cwd, "/")` (`/` on Unix
+  systems, and `C:\` or some such on Windows.)
+* `dot` Include `.dot` files in normal matches and `globstar` matches.
+  Note that an explicit dot in a portion of the pattern will always
+  match dot files.
+* `nomount` By default, a pattern starting with a forward-slash will be
+  "mounted" onto the root setting, so that a valid filesystem path is
+  returned.  Set this flag to disable that behavior.
+* `mark` Add a `/` character to directory matches.  Note that this
+  requires additional stat calls.
+* `nosort` Don't sort the results.
+* `stat` Set to true to stat *all* results.  This reduces performance
+  somewhat, and is completely unnecessary, unless `readdir` is presumed
+  to be an untrustworthy indicator of file existence.
+* `silent` When an unusual error is encountered when attempting to
+  read a directory, a warning will be printed to stderr.  Set the
+  `silent` option to true to suppress these warnings.
+* `strict` When an unusual error is encountered when attempting to
+  read a directory, the process will just continue on in search of
+  other matches.  Set the `strict` option to raise an error in these
+  cases.
+* `cache` See `cache` property above.  Pass in a previously generated
+  cache object to save some fs calls.
+* `statCache` A cache of results of filesystem information, to prevent
+  unnecessary stat calls.  While it should not normally be necessary
+  to set this, you may pass the statCache from one glob() call to the
+  options object of another, if you know that the filesystem will not
+  change between calls.  (See "Race Conditions" below.)
+* `symlinks` A cache of known symbolic links.  You may pass in a
+  previously generated `symlinks` object to save `lstat` calls when
+  resolving `**` matches.
+* `sync` DEPRECATED: use `glob.sync(pattern, opts)` instead.
+* `nounique` In some cases, brace-expanded patterns can result in the
+  same file showing up multiple times in the result set.  By default,
+  this implementation prevents duplicates in the result set.  Set this
+  flag to disable that behavior.
+* `nonull` Set to never return an empty set, instead returning a set
+  containing the pattern itself.  This is the default in glob(3).
+* `debug` Set to enable debug logging in minimatch and glob.
+* `nobrace` Do not expand `{a,b}` and `{1..3}` brace sets.
+* `noglobstar` Do not match `**` against multiple filenames.  (Ie,
+  treat it as a normal `*` instead.)
+* `noext` Do not match `+(a|b)` "extglob" patterns.
+* `nocase` Perform a case-insensitive match.  Note: on
+  case-insensitive filesystems, non-magic patterns will match by
+  default, since `stat` and `readdir` will not raise errors.
+* `matchBase` Perform a basename-only match if the pattern does not
+  contain any slash characters.  That is, `*.js` would be treated as
+  equivalent to `**/*.js`, matching all js files in all directories.
+* `nodir` Do not match directories, only files.  (Note: to match
+  *only* directories, simply put a `/` at the end of the pattern.)
+* `ignore` Add a pattern or an array of glob patterns to exclude matches.
+  Note: `ignore` patterns are *always* in `dot:true` mode, regardless
+  of any other settings.
+* `follow` Follow symlinked directories when expanding `**` patterns.
+  Note that this can result in a lot of duplicate references in the
+  presence of cyclic links.
+* `realpath` Set to true to call `fs.realpath` on all of the results.
+  In the case of a symlink that cannot be resolved, the full absolute
+  path to the matched entry is returned (though it will usually be a
+  broken symlink)
+* `absolute` Set to true to always receive absolute paths for matched
+  files.  Unlike `realpath`, this also affects the values returned in
+  the `match` event.
+
+## Comparisons to other fnmatch/glob implementations
+
+While strict compliance with the existing standards is a worthwhile
+goal, some discrepancies exist between node-glob and other
+implementations, and are intentional.
+
+The double-star character `**` is supported by default, unless the
+`noglobstar` flag is set.  This is supported in the manner of bsdglob
+and bash 4.3, where `**` only has special significance if it is the only
+thing in a path part.  That is, `a/**/b` will match `a/x/y/b`, but
+`a/**b` will not.
+
+Note that symlinked directories are not crawled as part of a `**`,
+though their contents may match against subsequent portions of the
+pattern.  This prevents infinite loops and duplicates and the like.
+
+If an escaped pattern has no matches, and the `nonull` flag is set,
+then glob returns the pattern as-provided, rather than
+interpreting the character escapes.  For example,
+`glob.match([], "\\*a\\?")` will return `"\\*a\\?"` rather than
+`"*a?"`.  This is akin to setting the `nullglob` option in bash, except
+that it does not resolve escaped pattern characters.
+
+If brace expansion is not disabled, then it is performed before any
+other interpretation of the glob pattern.  Thus, a pattern like
+`+(a|{b),c)}`, which would not be valid in bash or zsh, is expanded
+**first** into the set of `+(a|b)` and `+(a|c)`, and those patterns are
+checked for validity.  Since those two are valid, matching proceeds.
+
+### Comments and Negation
+
+Previously, this module let you mark a pattern as a "comment" if it
+started with a `#` character, or a "negated" pattern if it started
+with a `!` character.
+
+These options were deprecated in version 5, and removed in version 6.
+
+To specify things that should not match, use the `ignore` option.
+
+## Windows
+
+**Please only use forward-slashes in glob expressions.**
+
+Though windows uses either `/` or `\` as its path separator, only `/`
+characters are used by this glob implementation.  You must use
+forward-slashes **only** in glob expressions.  Back-slashes will always
+be interpreted as escape characters, not path separators.
+
+Results from absolute patterns such as `/foo/*` are mounted onto the
+root setting using `path.join`.  On windows, this will by default result
+in `/foo/*` matching `C:\foo\bar.txt`.
+
+## Race Conditions
+
+Glob searching, by its very nature, is susceptible to race conditions,
+since it relies on directory walking and such.
+
+As a result, it is possible that a file that exists when glob looks for
+it may have been deleted or modified by the time it returns the result.
+
+As part of its internal implementation, this program caches all stat
+and readdir calls that it makes, in order to cut down on system
+overhead.  However, this also makes it even more susceptible to races,
+especially if the cache or statCache objects are reused between glob
+calls.
+
+Users are thus advised not to use a glob result as a guarantee of
+filesystem state in the face of rapid changes.  For the vast majority
+of operations, this is never a problem.
+
+## Glob Logo
+Glob's logo was created by [Tanya Brassie](http://tanyabrassie.com/). Logo files can be found [here](https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/tree/master/logo).
+
+The logo is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Any change to behavior (including bugfixes) must come with a test.
+
+Patches that fail tests or reduce performance will be rejected.
+
+```
+# to run tests
+npm test
+
+# to re-generate test fixtures
+npm run test-regen
+
+# to benchmark against bash/zsh
+npm run bench
+
+# to profile javascript
+npm run prof
+```
+
+![](oh-my-glob.gif)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/changelog.md b/backend/node_modules/glob/changelog.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41636771e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/changelog.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+## 7.0
+
+- Raise error if `options.cwd` is specified, and not a directory
+
+## 6.0
+
+- Remove comment and negation pattern support
+- Ignore patterns are always in `dot:true` mode
+
+## 5.0
+
+- Deprecate comment and negation patterns
+- Fix regression in `mark` and `nodir` options from making all cache
+  keys absolute path.
+- Abort if `fs.readdir` returns an error that's unexpected
+- Don't emit `match` events for ignored items
+- Treat ENOTSUP like ENOTDIR in readdir
+
+## 4.5
+
+- Add `options.follow` to always follow directory symlinks in globstar
+- Add `options.realpath` to call `fs.realpath` on all results
+- Always cache based on absolute path
+
+## 4.4
+
+- Add `options.ignore`
+- Fix handling of broken symlinks
+
+## 4.3
+
+- Bump minimatch to 2.x
+- Pass all tests on Windows
+
+## 4.2
+
+- Add `glob.hasMagic` function
+- Add `options.nodir` flag
+
+## 4.1
+
+- Refactor sync and async implementations for performance
+- Throw if callback provided to sync glob function
+- Treat symbolic links in globstar results the same as Bash 4.3
+
+## 4.0
+
+- Use `^` for dependency versions (bumped major because this breaks
+  older npm versions)
+- Ensure callbacks are only ever called once
+- switch to ISC license
+
+## 3.x
+
+- Rewrite in JavaScript
+- Add support for setting root, cwd, and windows support
+- Cache many fs calls
+- Add globstar support
+- emit match events
+
+## 2.x
+
+- Use `glob.h` and `fnmatch.h` from NetBSD
+
+## 1.x
+
+- `glob.h` static binding.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/common.js b/backend/node_modules/glob/common.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d14157a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/common.js
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+exports.setopts = setopts
+exports.ownProp = ownProp
+exports.makeAbs = makeAbs
+exports.finish = finish
+exports.mark = mark
+exports.isIgnored = isIgnored
+exports.childrenIgnored = childrenIgnored
+
+function ownProp (obj, field) {
+  return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, field)
+}
+
+var path = require("path")
+var minimatch = require("minimatch")
+var isAbsolute = require("path-is-absolute")
+var Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch
+
+function alphasort (a, b) {
+  return a.localeCompare(b, 'en')
+}
+
+function setupIgnores (self, options) {
+  self.ignore = options.ignore || []
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(self.ignore))
+    self.ignore = [self.ignore]
+
+  if (self.ignore.length) {
+    self.ignore = self.ignore.map(ignoreMap)
+  }
+}
+
+// ignore patterns are always in dot:true mode.
+function ignoreMap (pattern) {
+  var gmatcher = null
+  if (pattern.slice(-3) === '/**') {
+    var gpattern = pattern.replace(/(\/\*\*)+$/, '')
+    gmatcher = new Minimatch(gpattern, { dot: true })
+  }
+
+  return {
+    matcher: new Minimatch(pattern, { dot: true }),
+    gmatcher: gmatcher
+  }
+}
+
+function setopts (self, pattern, options) {
+  if (!options)
+    options = {}
+
+  // base-matching: just use globstar for that.
+  if (options.matchBase && -1 === pattern.indexOf("/")) {
+    if (options.noglobstar) {
+      throw new Error("base matching requires globstar")
+    }
+    pattern = "**/" + pattern
+  }
+
+  self.silent = !!options.silent
+  self.pattern = pattern
+  self.strict = options.strict !== false
+  self.realpath = !!options.realpath
+  self.realpathCache = options.realpathCache || Object.create(null)
+  self.follow = !!options.follow
+  self.dot = !!options.dot
+  self.mark = !!options.mark
+  self.nodir = !!options.nodir
+  if (self.nodir)
+    self.mark = true
+  self.sync = !!options.sync
+  self.nounique = !!options.nounique
+  self.nonull = !!options.nonull
+  self.nosort = !!options.nosort
+  self.nocase = !!options.nocase
+  self.stat = !!options.stat
+  self.noprocess = !!options.noprocess
+  self.absolute = !!options.absolute
+
+  self.maxLength = options.maxLength || Infinity
+  self.cache = options.cache || Object.create(null)
+  self.statCache = options.statCache || Object.create(null)
+  self.symlinks = options.symlinks || Object.create(null)
+
+  setupIgnores(self, options)
+
+  self.changedCwd = false
+  var cwd = process.cwd()
+  if (!ownProp(options, "cwd"))
+    self.cwd = cwd
+  else {
+    self.cwd = path.resolve(options.cwd)
+    self.changedCwd = self.cwd !== cwd
+  }
+
+  self.root = options.root || path.resolve(self.cwd, "/")
+  self.root = path.resolve(self.root)
+  if (process.platform === "win32")
+    self.root = self.root.replace(/\\/g, "/")
+
+  // TODO: is an absolute `cwd` supposed to be resolved against `root`?
+  // e.g. { cwd: '/test', root: __dirname } === path.join(__dirname, '/test')
+  self.cwdAbs = isAbsolute(self.cwd) ? self.cwd : makeAbs(self, self.cwd)
+  if (process.platform === "win32")
+    self.cwdAbs = self.cwdAbs.replace(/\\/g, "/")
+  self.nomount = !!options.nomount
+
+  // disable comments and negation in Minimatch.
+  // Note that they are not supported in Glob itself anyway.
+  options.nonegate = true
+  options.nocomment = true
+
+  self.minimatch = new Minimatch(pattern, options)
+  self.options = self.minimatch.options
+}
+
+function finish (self) {
+  var nou = self.nounique
+  var all = nou ? [] : Object.create(null)
+
+  for (var i = 0, l = self.matches.length; i < l; i ++) {
+    var matches = self.matches[i]
+    if (!matches || Object.keys(matches).length === 0) {
+      if (self.nonull) {
+        // do like the shell, and spit out the literal glob
+        var literal = self.minimatch.globSet[i]
+        if (nou)
+          all.push(literal)
+        else
+          all[literal] = true
+      }
+    } else {
+      // had matches
+      var m = Object.keys(matches)
+      if (nou)
+        all.push.apply(all, m)
+      else
+        m.forEach(function (m) {
+          all[m] = true
+        })
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!nou)
+    all = Object.keys(all)
+
+  if (!self.nosort)
+    all = all.sort(alphasort)
+
+  // at *some* point we statted all of these
+  if (self.mark) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < all.length; i++) {
+      all[i] = self._mark(all[i])
+    }
+    if (self.nodir) {
+      all = all.filter(function (e) {
+        var notDir = !(/\/$/.test(e))
+        var c = self.cache[e] || self.cache[makeAbs(self, e)]
+        if (notDir && c)
+          notDir = c !== 'DIR' && !Array.isArray(c)
+        return notDir
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (self.ignore.length)
+    all = all.filter(function(m) {
+      return !isIgnored(self, m)
+    })
+
+  self.found = all
+}
+
+function mark (self, p) {
+  var abs = makeAbs(self, p)
+  var c = self.cache[abs]
+  var m = p
+  if (c) {
+    var isDir = c === 'DIR' || Array.isArray(c)
+    var slash = p.slice(-1) === '/'
+
+    if (isDir && !slash)
+      m += '/'
+    else if (!isDir && slash)
+      m = m.slice(0, -1)
+
+    if (m !== p) {
+      var mabs = makeAbs(self, m)
+      self.statCache[mabs] = self.statCache[abs]
+      self.cache[mabs] = self.cache[abs]
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m
+}
+
+// lotta situps...
+function makeAbs (self, f) {
+  var abs = f
+  if (f.charAt(0) === '/') {
+    abs = path.join(self.root, f)
+  } else if (isAbsolute(f) || f === '') {
+    abs = f
+  } else if (self.changedCwd) {
+    abs = path.resolve(self.cwd, f)
+  } else {
+    abs = path.resolve(f)
+  }
+
+  if (process.platform === 'win32')
+    abs = abs.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+
+  return abs
+}
+
+
+// Return true, if pattern ends with globstar '**', for the accompanying parent directory.
+// Ex:- If node_modules/** is the pattern, add 'node_modules' to ignore list along with it's contents
+function isIgnored (self, path) {
+  if (!self.ignore.length)
+    return false
+
+  return self.ignore.some(function(item) {
+    return item.matcher.match(path) || !!(item.gmatcher && item.gmatcher.match(path))
+  })
+}
+
+function childrenIgnored (self, path) {
+  if (!self.ignore.length)
+    return false
+
+  return self.ignore.some(function(item) {
+    return !!(item.gmatcher && item.gmatcher.match(path))
+  })
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/glob.js b/backend/node_modules/glob/glob.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc27aef10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/glob.js
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+// Approach:
+//
+// 1. Get the minimatch set
+// 2. For each pattern in the set, PROCESS(pattern, false)
+// 3. Store matches per-set, then uniq them
+//
+// PROCESS(pattern, inGlobStar)
+// Get the first [n] items from pattern that are all strings
+// Join these together.  This is PREFIX.
+//   If there is no more remaining, then stat(PREFIX) and
+//   add to matches if it succeeds.  END.
+//
+// If inGlobStar and PREFIX is symlink and points to dir
+//   set ENTRIES = []
+// else readdir(PREFIX) as ENTRIES
+//   If fail, END
+//
+// with ENTRIES
+//   If pattern[n] is GLOBSTAR
+//     // handle the case where the globstar match is empty
+//     // by pruning it out, and testing the resulting pattern
+//     PROCESS(pattern[0..n] + pattern[n+1 .. $], false)
+//     // handle other cases.
+//     for ENTRY in ENTRIES (not dotfiles)
+//       // attach globstar + tail onto the entry
+//       // Mark that this entry is a globstar match
+//       PROCESS(pattern[0..n] + ENTRY + pattern[n .. $], true)
+//
+//   else // not globstar
+//     for ENTRY in ENTRIES (not dotfiles, unless pattern[n] is dot)
+//       Test ENTRY against pattern[n]
+//       If fails, continue
+//       If passes, PROCESS(pattern[0..n] + item + pattern[n+1 .. $])
+//
+// Caveat:
+//   Cache all stats and readdirs results to minimize syscall.  Since all
+//   we ever care about is existence and directory-ness, we can just keep
+//   `true` for files, and [children,...] for directories, or `false` for
+//   things that don't exist.
+
+module.exports = glob
+
+var fs = require('fs')
+var rp = require('fs.realpath')
+var minimatch = require('minimatch')
+var Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch
+var inherits = require('inherits')
+var EE = require('events').EventEmitter
+var path = require('path')
+var assert = require('assert')
+var isAbsolute = require('path-is-absolute')
+var globSync = require('./sync.js')
+var common = require('./common.js')
+var setopts = common.setopts
+var ownProp = common.ownProp
+var inflight = require('inflight')
+var util = require('util')
+var childrenIgnored = common.childrenIgnored
+var isIgnored = common.isIgnored
+
+var once = require('once')
+
+function glob (pattern, options, cb) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') cb = options, options = {}
+  if (!options) options = {}
+
+  if (options.sync) {
+    if (cb)
+      throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob')
+    return globSync(pattern, options)
+  }
+
+  return new Glob(pattern, options, cb)
+}
+
+glob.sync = globSync
+var GlobSync = glob.GlobSync = globSync.GlobSync
+
+// old api surface
+glob.glob = glob
+
+function extend (origin, add) {
+  if (add === null || typeof add !== 'object') {
+    return origin
+  }
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(add)
+  var i = keys.length
+  while (i--) {
+    origin[keys[i]] = add[keys[i]]
+  }
+  return origin
+}
+
+glob.hasMagic = function (pattern, options_) {
+  var options = extend({}, options_)
+  options.noprocess = true
+
+  var g = new Glob(pattern, options)
+  var set = g.minimatch.set
+
+  if (!pattern)
+    return false
+
+  if (set.length > 1)
+    return true
+
+  for (var j = 0; j < set[0].length; j++) {
+    if (typeof set[0][j] !== 'string')
+      return true
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+glob.Glob = Glob
+inherits(Glob, EE)
+function Glob (pattern, options, cb) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    cb = options
+    options = null
+  }
+
+  if (options && options.sync) {
+    if (cb)
+      throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob')
+    return new GlobSync(pattern, options)
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Glob))
+    return new Glob(pattern, options, cb)
+
+  setopts(this, pattern, options)
+  this._didRealPath = false
+
+  // process each pattern in the minimatch set
+  var n = this.minimatch.set.length
+
+  // The matches are stored as {<filename>: true,...} so that
+  // duplicates are automagically pruned.
+  // Later, we do an Object.keys() on these.
+  // Keep them as a list so we can fill in when nonull is set.
+  this.matches = new Array(n)
+
+  if (typeof cb === 'function') {
+    cb = once(cb)
+    this.on('error', cb)
+    this.on('end', function (matches) {
+      cb(null, matches)
+    })
+  }
+
+  var self = this
+  this._processing = 0
+
+  this._emitQueue = []
+  this._processQueue = []
+  this.paused = false
+
+  if (this.noprocess)
+    return this
+
+  if (n === 0)
+    return done()
+
+  var sync = true
+  for (var i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
+    this._process(this.minimatch.set[i], i, false, done)
+  }
+  sync = false
+
+  function done () {
+    --self._processing
+    if (self._processing <= 0) {
+      if (sync) {
+        process.nextTick(function () {
+          self._finish()
+        })
+      } else {
+        self._finish()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._finish = function () {
+  assert(this instanceof Glob)
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  if (this.realpath && !this._didRealpath)
+    return this._realpath()
+
+  common.finish(this)
+  this.emit('end', this.found)
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._realpath = function () {
+  if (this._didRealpath)
+    return
+
+  this._didRealpath = true
+
+  var n = this.matches.length
+  if (n === 0)
+    return this._finish()
+
+  var self = this
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.matches.length; i++)
+    this._realpathSet(i, next)
+
+  function next () {
+    if (--n === 0)
+      self._finish()
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._realpathSet = function (index, cb) {
+  var matchset = this.matches[index]
+  if (!matchset)
+    return cb()
+
+  var found = Object.keys(matchset)
+  var self = this
+  var n = found.length
+
+  if (n === 0)
+    return cb()
+
+  var set = this.matches[index] = Object.create(null)
+  found.forEach(function (p, i) {
+    // If there's a problem with the stat, then it means that
+    // one or more of the links in the realpath couldn't be
+    // resolved.  just return the abs value in that case.
+    p = self._makeAbs(p)
+    rp.realpath(p, self.realpathCache, function (er, real) {
+      if (!er)
+        set[real] = true
+      else if (er.syscall === 'stat')
+        set[p] = true
+      else
+        self.emit('error', er) // srsly wtf right here
+
+      if (--n === 0) {
+        self.matches[index] = set
+        cb()
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._mark = function (p) {
+  return common.mark(this, p)
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._makeAbs = function (f) {
+  return common.makeAbs(this, f)
+}
+
+Glob.prototype.abort = function () {
+  this.aborted = true
+  this.emit('abort')
+}
+
+Glob.prototype.pause = function () {
+  if (!this.paused) {
+    this.paused = true
+    this.emit('pause')
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype.resume = function () {
+  if (this.paused) {
+    this.emit('resume')
+    this.paused = false
+    if (this._emitQueue.length) {
+      var eq = this._emitQueue.slice(0)
+      this._emitQueue.length = 0
+      for (var i = 0; i < eq.length; i ++) {
+        var e = eq[i]
+        this._emitMatch(e[0], e[1])
+      }
+    }
+    if (this._processQueue.length) {
+      var pq = this._processQueue.slice(0)
+      this._processQueue.length = 0
+      for (var i = 0; i < pq.length; i ++) {
+        var p = pq[i]
+        this._processing--
+        this._process(p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3])
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._process = function (pattern, index, inGlobStar, cb) {
+  assert(this instanceof Glob)
+  assert(typeof cb === 'function')
+
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  this._processing++
+  if (this.paused) {
+    this._processQueue.push([pattern, index, inGlobStar, cb])
+    return
+  }
+
+  //console.error('PROCESS %d', this._processing, pattern)
+
+  // Get the first [n] parts of pattern that are all strings.
+  var n = 0
+  while (typeof pattern[n] === 'string') {
+    n ++
+  }
+  // now n is the index of the first one that is *not* a string.
+
+  // see if there's anything else
+  var prefix
+  switch (n) {
+    // if not, then this is rather simple
+    case pattern.length:
+      this._processSimple(pattern.join('/'), index, cb)
+      return
+
+    case 0:
+      // pattern *starts* with some non-trivial item.
+      // going to readdir(cwd), but not include the prefix in matches.
+      prefix = null
+      break
+
+    default:
+      // pattern has some string bits in the front.
+      // whatever it starts with, whether that's 'absolute' like /foo/bar,
+      // or 'relative' like '../baz'
+      prefix = pattern.slice(0, n).join('/')
+      break
+  }
+
+  var remain = pattern.slice(n)
+
+  // get the list of entries.
+  var read
+  if (prefix === null)
+    read = '.'
+  else if (isAbsolute(prefix) || isAbsolute(pattern.join('/'))) {
+    if (!prefix || !isAbsolute(prefix))
+      prefix = '/' + prefix
+    read = prefix
+  } else
+    read = prefix
+
+  var abs = this._makeAbs(read)
+
+  //if ignored, skip _processing
+  if (childrenIgnored(this, read))
+    return cb()
+
+  var isGlobStar = remain[0] === minimatch.GLOBSTAR
+  if (isGlobStar)
+    this._processGlobStar(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb)
+  else
+    this._processReaddir(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb)
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._processReaddir = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb) {
+  var self = this
+  this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar, function (er, entries) {
+    return self._processReaddir2(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb)
+  })
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._processReaddir2 = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb) {
+
+  // if the abs isn't a dir, then nothing can match!
+  if (!entries)
+    return cb()
+
+  // It will only match dot entries if it starts with a dot, or if
+  // dot is set.  Stuff like @(.foo|.bar) isn't allowed.
+  var pn = remain[0]
+  var negate = !!this.minimatch.negate
+  var rawGlob = pn._glob
+  var dotOk = this.dot || rawGlob.charAt(0) === '.'
+
+  var matchedEntries = []
+  for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
+    var e = entries[i]
+    if (e.charAt(0) !== '.' || dotOk) {
+      var m
+      if (negate && !prefix) {
+        m = !e.match(pn)
+      } else {
+        m = e.match(pn)
+      }
+      if (m)
+        matchedEntries.push(e)
+    }
+  }
+
+  //console.error('prd2', prefix, entries, remain[0]._glob, matchedEntries)
+
+  var len = matchedEntries.length
+  // If there are no matched entries, then nothing matches.
+  if (len === 0)
+    return cb()
+
+  // if this is the last remaining pattern bit, then no need for
+  // an additional stat *unless* the user has specified mark or
+  // stat explicitly.  We know they exist, since readdir returned
+  // them.
+
+  if (remain.length === 1 && !this.mark && !this.stat) {
+    if (!this.matches[index])
+      this.matches[index] = Object.create(null)
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) {
+      var e = matchedEntries[i]
+      if (prefix) {
+        if (prefix !== '/')
+          e = prefix + '/' + e
+        else
+          e = prefix + e
+      }
+
+      if (e.charAt(0) === '/' && !this.nomount) {
+        e = path.join(this.root, e)
+      }
+      this._emitMatch(index, e)
+    }
+    // This was the last one, and no stats were needed
+    return cb()
+  }
+
+  // now test all matched entries as stand-ins for that part
+  // of the pattern.
+  remain.shift()
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) {
+    var e = matchedEntries[i]
+    var newPattern
+    if (prefix) {
+      if (prefix !== '/')
+        e = prefix + '/' + e
+      else
+        e = prefix + e
+    }
+    this._process([e].concat(remain), index, inGlobStar, cb)
+  }
+  cb()
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._emitMatch = function (index, e) {
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  if (isIgnored(this, e))
+    return
+
+  if (this.paused) {
+    this._emitQueue.push([index, e])
+    return
+  }
+
+  var abs = isAbsolute(e) ? e : this._makeAbs(e)
+
+  if (this.mark)
+    e = this._mark(e)
+
+  if (this.absolute)
+    e = abs
+
+  if (this.matches[index][e])
+    return
+
+  if (this.nodir) {
+    var c = this.cache[abs]
+    if (c === 'DIR' || Array.isArray(c))
+      return
+  }
+
+  this.matches[index][e] = true
+
+  var st = this.statCache[abs]
+  if (st)
+    this.emit('stat', e, st)
+
+  this.emit('match', e)
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._readdirInGlobStar = function (abs, cb) {
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  // follow all symlinked directories forever
+  // just proceed as if this is a non-globstar situation
+  if (this.follow)
+    return this._readdir(abs, false, cb)
+
+  var lstatkey = 'lstat\0' + abs
+  var self = this
+  var lstatcb = inflight(lstatkey, lstatcb_)
+
+  if (lstatcb)
+    fs.lstat(abs, lstatcb)
+
+  function lstatcb_ (er, lstat) {
+    if (er && er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return cb()
+
+    var isSym = lstat && lstat.isSymbolicLink()
+    self.symlinks[abs] = isSym
+
+    // If it's not a symlink or a dir, then it's definitely a regular file.
+    // don't bother doing a readdir in that case.
+    if (!isSym && lstat && !lstat.isDirectory()) {
+      self.cache[abs] = 'FILE'
+      cb()
+    } else
+      self._readdir(abs, false, cb)
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._readdir = function (abs, inGlobStar, cb) {
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  cb = inflight('readdir\0'+abs+'\0'+inGlobStar, cb)
+  if (!cb)
+    return
+
+  //console.error('RD %j %j', +inGlobStar, abs)
+  if (inGlobStar && !ownProp(this.symlinks, abs))
+    return this._readdirInGlobStar(abs, cb)
+
+  if (ownProp(this.cache, abs)) {
+    var c = this.cache[abs]
+    if (!c || c === 'FILE')
+      return cb()
+
+    if (Array.isArray(c))
+      return cb(null, c)
+  }
+
+  var self = this
+  fs.readdir(abs, readdirCb(this, abs, cb))
+}
+
+function readdirCb (self, abs, cb) {
+  return function (er, entries) {
+    if (er)
+      self._readdirError(abs, er, cb)
+    else
+      self._readdirEntries(abs, entries, cb)
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._readdirEntries = function (abs, entries, cb) {
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  // if we haven't asked to stat everything, then just
+  // assume that everything in there exists, so we can avoid
+  // having to stat it a second time.
+  if (!this.mark && !this.stat) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i ++) {
+      var e = entries[i]
+      if (abs === '/')
+        e = abs + e
+      else
+        e = abs + '/' + e
+      this.cache[e] = true
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.cache[abs] = entries
+  return cb(null, entries)
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._readdirError = function (f, er, cb) {
+  if (this.aborted)
+    return
+
+  // handle errors, and cache the information
+  switch (er.code) {
+    case 'ENOTSUP': // https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/205
+    case 'ENOTDIR': // totally normal. means it *does* exist.
+      var abs = this._makeAbs(f)
+      this.cache[abs] = 'FILE'
+      if (abs === this.cwdAbs) {
+        var error = new Error(er.code + ' invalid cwd ' + this.cwd)
+        error.path = this.cwd
+        error.code = er.code
+        this.emit('error', error)
+        this.abort()
+      }
+      break
+
+    case 'ENOENT': // not terribly unusual
+    case 'ELOOP':
+    case 'ENAMETOOLONG':
+    case 'UNKNOWN':
+      this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false
+      break
+
+    default: // some unusual error.  Treat as failure.
+      this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false
+      if (this.strict) {
+        this.emit('error', er)
+        // If the error is handled, then we abort
+        // if not, we threw out of here
+        this.abort()
+      }
+      if (!this.silent)
+        console.error('glob error', er)
+      break
+  }
+
+  return cb()
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._processGlobStar = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb) {
+  var self = this
+  this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar, function (er, entries) {
+    self._processGlobStar2(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb)
+  })
+}
+
+
+Glob.prototype._processGlobStar2 = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb) {
+  //console.error('pgs2', prefix, remain[0], entries)
+
+  // no entries means not a dir, so it can never have matches
+  // foo.txt/** doesn't match foo.txt
+  if (!entries)
+    return cb()
+
+  // test without the globstar, and with every child both below
+  // and replacing the globstar.
+  var remainWithoutGlobStar = remain.slice(1)
+  var gspref = prefix ? [ prefix ] : []
+  var noGlobStar = gspref.concat(remainWithoutGlobStar)
+
+  // the noGlobStar pattern exits the inGlobStar state
+  this._process(noGlobStar, index, false, cb)
+
+  var isSym = this.symlinks[abs]
+  var len = entries.length
+
+  // If it's a symlink, and we're in a globstar, then stop
+  if (isSym && inGlobStar)
+    return cb()
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    var e = entries[i]
+    if (e.charAt(0) === '.' && !this.dot)
+      continue
+
+    // these two cases enter the inGlobStar state
+    var instead = gspref.concat(entries[i], remainWithoutGlobStar)
+    this._process(instead, index, true, cb)
+
+    var below = gspref.concat(entries[i], remain)
+    this._process(below, index, true, cb)
+  }
+
+  cb()
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._processSimple = function (prefix, index, cb) {
+  // XXX review this.  Shouldn't it be doing the mounting etc
+  // before doing stat?  kinda weird?
+  var self = this
+  this._stat(prefix, function (er, exists) {
+    self._processSimple2(prefix, index, er, exists, cb)
+  })
+}
+Glob.prototype._processSimple2 = function (prefix, index, er, exists, cb) {
+
+  //console.error('ps2', prefix, exists)
+
+  if (!this.matches[index])
+    this.matches[index] = Object.create(null)
+
+  // If it doesn't exist, then just mark the lack of results
+  if (!exists)
+    return cb()
+
+  if (prefix && isAbsolute(prefix) && !this.nomount) {
+    var trail = /[\/\\]$/.test(prefix)
+    if (prefix.charAt(0) === '/') {
+      prefix = path.join(this.root, prefix)
+    } else {
+      prefix = path.resolve(this.root, prefix)
+      if (trail)
+        prefix += '/'
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (process.platform === 'win32')
+    prefix = prefix.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+
+  // Mark this as a match
+  this._emitMatch(index, prefix)
+  cb()
+}
+
+// Returns either 'DIR', 'FILE', or false
+Glob.prototype._stat = function (f, cb) {
+  var abs = this._makeAbs(f)
+  var needDir = f.slice(-1) === '/'
+
+  if (f.length > this.maxLength)
+    return cb()
+
+  if (!this.stat && ownProp(this.cache, abs)) {
+    var c = this.cache[abs]
+
+    if (Array.isArray(c))
+      c = 'DIR'
+
+    // It exists, but maybe not how we need it
+    if (!needDir || c === 'DIR')
+      return cb(null, c)
+
+    if (needDir && c === 'FILE')
+      return cb()
+
+    // otherwise we have to stat, because maybe c=true
+    // if we know it exists, but not what it is.
+  }
+
+  var exists
+  var stat = this.statCache[abs]
+  if (stat !== undefined) {
+    if (stat === false)
+      return cb(null, stat)
+    else {
+      var type = stat.isDirectory() ? 'DIR' : 'FILE'
+      if (needDir && type === 'FILE')
+        return cb()
+      else
+        return cb(null, type, stat)
+    }
+  }
+
+  var self = this
+  var statcb = inflight('stat\0' + abs, lstatcb_)
+  if (statcb)
+    fs.lstat(abs, statcb)
+
+  function lstatcb_ (er, lstat) {
+    if (lstat && lstat.isSymbolicLink()) {
+      // If it's a symlink, then treat it as the target, unless
+      // the target does not exist, then treat it as a file.
+      return fs.stat(abs, function (er, stat) {
+        if (er)
+          self._stat2(f, abs, null, lstat, cb)
+        else
+          self._stat2(f, abs, er, stat, cb)
+      })
+    } else {
+      self._stat2(f, abs, er, lstat, cb)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Glob.prototype._stat2 = function (f, abs, er, stat, cb) {
+  if (er && (er.code === 'ENOENT' || er.code === 'ENOTDIR')) {
+    this.statCache[abs] = false
+    return cb()
+  }
+
+  var needDir = f.slice(-1) === '/'
+  this.statCache[abs] = stat
+
+  if (abs.slice(-1) === '/' && stat && !stat.isDirectory())
+    return cb(null, false, stat)
+
+  var c = true
+  if (stat)
+    c = stat.isDirectory() ? 'DIR' : 'FILE'
+  this.cache[abs] = this.cache[abs] || c
+
+  if (needDir && c === 'FILE')
+    return cb()
+
+  return cb(null, c, stat)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/package.json b/backend/node_modules/glob/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..121d60e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "_from": "glob@^7.1.3",
+  "_id": "glob@7.1.7",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-OvD9ENzPLbegENnYP5UUfJIirTg4+XwMWGaQfQTY0JenxNvvIKP3U3/tAQSPIu/lHxXYSZmpXlUHeqAIdKzBLQ==",
+  "_location": "/glob",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "glob@^7.1.3",
+    "name": "glob",
+    "escapedName": "glob",
+    "rawSpec": "^7.1.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^7.1.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/rimraf"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob/-/glob-7.1.7.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3b193e9233f01d42d0b3f78294bbeeb418f94a90",
+  "_spec": "glob@^7.1.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\rimraf",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "fs.realpath": "^1.0.0",
+    "inflight": "^1.0.4",
+    "inherits": "2",
+    "minimatch": "^3.0.4",
+    "once": "^1.3.0",
+    "path-is-absolute": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "a little globber",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mkdirp": "0",
+    "rimraf": "^2.2.8",
+    "tap": "^15.0.6",
+    "tick": "0.0.6"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": "*"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "glob.js",
+    "sync.js",
+    "common.js"
+  ],
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "glob.js",
+  "name": "glob",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/node-glob.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "bash benchmark.sh",
+    "benchclean": "node benchclean.js",
+    "prepublish": "npm run benchclean",
+    "prof": "bash prof.sh && cat profile.txt",
+    "profclean": "rm -f v8.log profile.txt",
+    "test": "tap",
+    "test-regen": "npm run profclean && TEST_REGEN=1 node test/00-setup.js"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "before": "test/00-setup.js",
+    "after": "test/zz-cleanup.js",
+    "jobs": 1
+  },
+  "version": "7.1.7"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/glob/sync.js b/backend/node_modules/glob/sync.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10b0ed2c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/glob/sync.js
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+module.exports = globSync
+globSync.GlobSync = GlobSync
+
+var fs = require('fs')
+var rp = require('fs.realpath')
+var minimatch = require('minimatch')
+var Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch
+var Glob = require('./glob.js').Glob
+var util = require('util')
+var path = require('path')
+var assert = require('assert')
+var isAbsolute = require('path-is-absolute')
+var common = require('./common.js')
+var setopts = common.setopts
+var ownProp = common.ownProp
+var childrenIgnored = common.childrenIgnored
+var isIgnored = common.isIgnored
+
+function globSync (pattern, options) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function' || arguments.length === 3)
+    throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob\n'+
+                        'See: https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/167')
+
+  return new GlobSync(pattern, options).found
+}
+
+function GlobSync (pattern, options) {
+  if (!pattern)
+    throw new Error('must provide pattern')
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function' || arguments.length === 3)
+    throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob\n'+
+                        'See: https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/167')
+
+  if (!(this instanceof GlobSync))
+    return new GlobSync(pattern, options)
+
+  setopts(this, pattern, options)
+
+  if (this.noprocess)
+    return this
+
+  var n = this.minimatch.set.length
+  this.matches = new Array(n)
+  for (var i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
+    this._process(this.minimatch.set[i], i, false)
+  }
+  this._finish()
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._finish = function () {
+  assert(this instanceof GlobSync)
+  if (this.realpath) {
+    var self = this
+    this.matches.forEach(function (matchset, index) {
+      var set = self.matches[index] = Object.create(null)
+      for (var p in matchset) {
+        try {
+          p = self._makeAbs(p)
+          var real = rp.realpathSync(p, self.realpathCache)
+          set[real] = true
+        } catch (er) {
+          if (er.syscall === 'stat')
+            set[self._makeAbs(p)] = true
+          else
+            throw er
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  common.finish(this)
+}
+
+
+GlobSync.prototype._process = function (pattern, index, inGlobStar) {
+  assert(this instanceof GlobSync)
+
+  // Get the first [n] parts of pattern that are all strings.
+  var n = 0
+  while (typeof pattern[n] === 'string') {
+    n ++
+  }
+  // now n is the index of the first one that is *not* a string.
+
+  // See if there's anything else
+  var prefix
+  switch (n) {
+    // if not, then this is rather simple
+    case pattern.length:
+      this._processSimple(pattern.join('/'), index)
+      return
+
+    case 0:
+      // pattern *starts* with some non-trivial item.
+      // going to readdir(cwd), but not include the prefix in matches.
+      prefix = null
+      break
+
+    default:
+      // pattern has some string bits in the front.
+      // whatever it starts with, whether that's 'absolute' like /foo/bar,
+      // or 'relative' like '../baz'
+      prefix = pattern.slice(0, n).join('/')
+      break
+  }
+
+  var remain = pattern.slice(n)
+
+  // get the list of entries.
+  var read
+  if (prefix === null)
+    read = '.'
+  else if (isAbsolute(prefix) || isAbsolute(pattern.join('/'))) {
+    if (!prefix || !isAbsolute(prefix))
+      prefix = '/' + prefix
+    read = prefix
+  } else
+    read = prefix
+
+  var abs = this._makeAbs(read)
+
+  //if ignored, skip processing
+  if (childrenIgnored(this, read))
+    return
+
+  var isGlobStar = remain[0] === minimatch.GLOBSTAR
+  if (isGlobStar)
+    this._processGlobStar(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar)
+  else
+    this._processReaddir(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar)
+}
+
+
+GlobSync.prototype._processReaddir = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar) {
+  var entries = this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar)
+
+  // if the abs isn't a dir, then nothing can match!
+  if (!entries)
+    return
+
+  // It will only match dot entries if it starts with a dot, or if
+  // dot is set.  Stuff like @(.foo|.bar) isn't allowed.
+  var pn = remain[0]
+  var negate = !!this.minimatch.negate
+  var rawGlob = pn._glob
+  var dotOk = this.dot || rawGlob.charAt(0) === '.'
+
+  var matchedEntries = []
+  for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
+    var e = entries[i]
+    if (e.charAt(0) !== '.' || dotOk) {
+      var m
+      if (negate && !prefix) {
+        m = !e.match(pn)
+      } else {
+        m = e.match(pn)
+      }
+      if (m)
+        matchedEntries.push(e)
+    }
+  }
+
+  var len = matchedEntries.length
+  // If there are no matched entries, then nothing matches.
+  if (len === 0)
+    return
+
+  // if this is the last remaining pattern bit, then no need for
+  // an additional stat *unless* the user has specified mark or
+  // stat explicitly.  We know they exist, since readdir returned
+  // them.
+
+  if (remain.length === 1 && !this.mark && !this.stat) {
+    if (!this.matches[index])
+      this.matches[index] = Object.create(null)
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) {
+      var e = matchedEntries[i]
+      if (prefix) {
+        if (prefix.slice(-1) !== '/')
+          e = prefix + '/' + e
+        else
+          e = prefix + e
+      }
+
+      if (e.charAt(0) === '/' && !this.nomount) {
+        e = path.join(this.root, e)
+      }
+      this._emitMatch(index, e)
+    }
+    // This was the last one, and no stats were needed
+    return
+  }
+
+  // now test all matched entries as stand-ins for that part
+  // of the pattern.
+  remain.shift()
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) {
+    var e = matchedEntries[i]
+    var newPattern
+    if (prefix)
+      newPattern = [prefix, e]
+    else
+      newPattern = [e]
+    this._process(newPattern.concat(remain), index, inGlobStar)
+  }
+}
+
+
+GlobSync.prototype._emitMatch = function (index, e) {
+  if (isIgnored(this, e))
+    return
+
+  var abs = this._makeAbs(e)
+
+  if (this.mark)
+    e = this._mark(e)
+
+  if (this.absolute) {
+    e = abs
+  }
+
+  if (this.matches[index][e])
+    return
+
+  if (this.nodir) {
+    var c = this.cache[abs]
+    if (c === 'DIR' || Array.isArray(c))
+      return
+  }
+
+  this.matches[index][e] = true
+
+  if (this.stat)
+    this._stat(e)
+}
+
+
+GlobSync.prototype._readdirInGlobStar = function (abs) {
+  // follow all symlinked directories forever
+  // just proceed as if this is a non-globstar situation
+  if (this.follow)
+    return this._readdir(abs, false)
+
+  var entries
+  var lstat
+  var stat
+  try {
+    lstat = fs.lstatSync(abs)
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      // lstat failed, doesn't exist
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+
+  var isSym = lstat && lstat.isSymbolicLink()
+  this.symlinks[abs] = isSym
+
+  // If it's not a symlink or a dir, then it's definitely a regular file.
+  // don't bother doing a readdir in that case.
+  if (!isSym && lstat && !lstat.isDirectory())
+    this.cache[abs] = 'FILE'
+  else
+    entries = this._readdir(abs, false)
+
+  return entries
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._readdir = function (abs, inGlobStar) {
+  var entries
+
+  if (inGlobStar && !ownProp(this.symlinks, abs))
+    return this._readdirInGlobStar(abs)
+
+  if (ownProp(this.cache, abs)) {
+    var c = this.cache[abs]
+    if (!c || c === 'FILE')
+      return null
+
+    if (Array.isArray(c))
+      return c
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return this._readdirEntries(abs, fs.readdirSync(abs))
+  } catch (er) {
+    this._readdirError(abs, er)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._readdirEntries = function (abs, entries) {
+  // if we haven't asked to stat everything, then just
+  // assume that everything in there exists, so we can avoid
+  // having to stat it a second time.
+  if (!this.mark && !this.stat) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i ++) {
+      var e = entries[i]
+      if (abs === '/')
+        e = abs + e
+      else
+        e = abs + '/' + e
+      this.cache[e] = true
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.cache[abs] = entries
+
+  // mark and cache dir-ness
+  return entries
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._readdirError = function (f, er) {
+  // handle errors, and cache the information
+  switch (er.code) {
+    case 'ENOTSUP': // https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/205
+    case 'ENOTDIR': // totally normal. means it *does* exist.
+      var abs = this._makeAbs(f)
+      this.cache[abs] = 'FILE'
+      if (abs === this.cwdAbs) {
+        var error = new Error(er.code + ' invalid cwd ' + this.cwd)
+        error.path = this.cwd
+        error.code = er.code
+        throw error
+      }
+      break
+
+    case 'ENOENT': // not terribly unusual
+    case 'ELOOP':
+    case 'ENAMETOOLONG':
+    case 'UNKNOWN':
+      this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false
+      break
+
+    default: // some unusual error.  Treat as failure.
+      this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false
+      if (this.strict)
+        throw er
+      if (!this.silent)
+        console.error('glob error', er)
+      break
+  }
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._processGlobStar = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar) {
+
+  var entries = this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar)
+
+  // no entries means not a dir, so it can never have matches
+  // foo.txt/** doesn't match foo.txt
+  if (!entries)
+    return
+
+  // test without the globstar, and with every child both below
+  // and replacing the globstar.
+  var remainWithoutGlobStar = remain.slice(1)
+  var gspref = prefix ? [ prefix ] : []
+  var noGlobStar = gspref.concat(remainWithoutGlobStar)
+
+  // the noGlobStar pattern exits the inGlobStar state
+  this._process(noGlobStar, index, false)
+
+  var len = entries.length
+  var isSym = this.symlinks[abs]
+
+  // If it's a symlink, and we're in a globstar, then stop
+  if (isSym && inGlobStar)
+    return
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    var e = entries[i]
+    if (e.charAt(0) === '.' && !this.dot)
+      continue
+
+    // these two cases enter the inGlobStar state
+    var instead = gspref.concat(entries[i], remainWithoutGlobStar)
+    this._process(instead, index, true)
+
+    var below = gspref.concat(entries[i], remain)
+    this._process(below, index, true)
+  }
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._processSimple = function (prefix, index) {
+  // XXX review this.  Shouldn't it be doing the mounting etc
+  // before doing stat?  kinda weird?
+  var exists = this._stat(prefix)
+
+  if (!this.matches[index])
+    this.matches[index] = Object.create(null)
+
+  // If it doesn't exist, then just mark the lack of results
+  if (!exists)
+    return
+
+  if (prefix && isAbsolute(prefix) && !this.nomount) {
+    var trail = /[\/\\]$/.test(prefix)
+    if (prefix.charAt(0) === '/') {
+      prefix = path.join(this.root, prefix)
+    } else {
+      prefix = path.resolve(this.root, prefix)
+      if (trail)
+        prefix += '/'
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (process.platform === 'win32')
+    prefix = prefix.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+
+  // Mark this as a match
+  this._emitMatch(index, prefix)
+}
+
+// Returns either 'DIR', 'FILE', or false
+GlobSync.prototype._stat = function (f) {
+  var abs = this._makeAbs(f)
+  var needDir = f.slice(-1) === '/'
+
+  if (f.length > this.maxLength)
+    return false
+
+  if (!this.stat && ownProp(this.cache, abs)) {
+    var c = this.cache[abs]
+
+    if (Array.isArray(c))
+      c = 'DIR'
+
+    // It exists, but maybe not how we need it
+    if (!needDir || c === 'DIR')
+      return c
+
+    if (needDir && c === 'FILE')
+      return false
+
+    // otherwise we have to stat, because maybe c=true
+    // if we know it exists, but not what it is.
+  }
+
+  var exists
+  var stat = this.statCache[abs]
+  if (!stat) {
+    var lstat
+    try {
+      lstat = fs.lstatSync(abs)
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er && (er.code === 'ENOENT' || er.code === 'ENOTDIR')) {
+        this.statCache[abs] = false
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (lstat && lstat.isSymbolicLink()) {
+      try {
+        stat = fs.statSync(abs)
+      } catch (er) {
+        stat = lstat
+      }
+    } else {
+      stat = lstat
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.statCache[abs] = stat
+
+  var c = true
+  if (stat)
+    c = stat.isDirectory() ? 'DIR' : 'FILE'
+
+  this.cache[abs] = this.cache[abs] || c
+
+  if (needDir && c === 'FILE')
+    return false
+
+  return c
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._mark = function (p) {
+  return common.mark(this, p)
+}
+
+GlobSync.prototype._makeAbs = function (f) {
+  return common.makeAbs(this, f)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d42e25e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, Rebecca Turner <me@re-becca.org>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/README.md b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a03e5991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+has-unicode
+===========
+
+Try to guess if your terminal supports unicode
+
+```javascript
+var hasUnicode = require("has-unicode")
+
+if (hasUnicode()) {
+  // the terminal probably has unicode support
+}
+```
+```javascript
+var hasUnicode = require("has-unicode").tryHarder
+hasUnicode(function(unicodeSupported) {
+  if (unicodeSupported) {
+    // the terminal probably has unicode support
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Detecting Unicode
+
+What we actually detect is UTF-8 support, as that's what Node itself supports.
+If you have a UTF-16 locale then you won't be detected as unicode capable.
+
+### Windows
+
+Since at least Windows 7, `cmd` and `powershell` have been unicode capable,
+but unfortunately even then it's not guaranteed. In many localizations it
+still uses legacy code pages and there's no facility short of running
+programs or linking C++ that will let us detect this. As such, we
+report any Windows installation as NOT unicode capable, and recommend
+that you encourage your users to override this via config.
+
+### Unix Like Operating Systems
+
+We look at the environment variables `LC_ALL`, `LC_CTYPE`, and `LANG` in
+that order.  For `LC_ALL` and `LANG`, it looks for `.UTF-8` in the value. 
+For `LC_CTYPE` it looks to see if the value is `UTF-8`.  This is sufficient
+for most POSIX systems.  While locale data can be put in `/etc/locale.conf`
+as well, AFAIK it's always copied into the environment.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/index.js b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b0fe4454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"use strict"
+var os = require("os")
+
+var hasUnicode = module.exports = function () {
+  // Recent Win32 platforms (>XP) CAN support unicode in the console but
+  // don't have to, and in non-english locales often use traditional local
+  // code pages. There's no way, short of windows system calls or execing
+  // the chcp command line program to figure this out. As such, we default
+  // this to false and encourage your users to override it via config if
+  // appropriate.
+  if (os.type() == "Windows_NT") { return false }
+
+  var isUTF8 = /UTF-?8$/i
+  var ctype = process.env.LC_ALL || process.env.LC_CTYPE || process.env.LANG
+  return isUTF8.test(ctype)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/package.json b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16c76ac1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/has-unicode/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "_from": "has-unicode@^2.0.0",
+  "_id": "has-unicode@2.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-4Ob+aijPUROIVeCG0Wkedx3iqLk=",
+  "_location": "/has-unicode",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "has-unicode@^2.0.0",
+    "name": "has-unicode",
+    "escapedName": "has-unicode",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-unicode/-/has-unicode-2.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e0e6fe6a28cf51138855e086d1691e771de2a8b9",
+  "_spec": "has-unicode@^2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\gauge",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Rebecca Turner",
+    "email": "me@re-becca.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/iarna/has-unicode/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Try to guess if your terminal supports unicode",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "require-inject": "^1.3.0",
+    "tap": "^2.3.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/iarna/has-unicode",
+  "keywords": [
+    "unicode",
+    "terminal"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "has-unicode",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/iarna/has-unicode.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/http-errors/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efc2d4c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+2019-02-18 / 1.7.2
+==================
+
+  * deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
+
+2018-09-08 / 1.7.1
+==================
+
+  * Fix error creating objects in some environments
+
+2018-07-30 / 1.7.0
+==================
+
+  * Set constructor name when possible
+  * Use `toidentifier` module to make class names
+  * deps: statuses@'>= 1.5.0 < 2'
+
+2018-03-29 / 1.6.3
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: setprototypeof@1.1.0
+  * deps: statuses@'>= 1.4.0 < 2'
+
+2017-08-04 / 1.6.2
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@1.1.1
+    - Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
+
+2017-02-20 / 1.6.1
+==================
+
+  * deps: setprototypeof@1.0.3
+    - Fix shim for old browsers
+
+2017-02-14 / 1.6.0
+==================
+
+  * Accept custom 4xx and 5xx status codes in factory
+  * Add deprecation message to `"I'mateapot"` export
+  * Deprecate passing status code as anything except first argument in factory
+  * Deprecate using non-error status codes
+  * Make `message` property enumerable for `HttpError`s
+
+2016-11-16 / 1.5.1
+==================
+
+  * deps: inherits@2.0.3
+    - Fix issue loading in browser
+  * deps: setprototypeof@1.0.2
+  * deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+
+2016-05-18 / 1.5.0
+==================
+
+  * Support new code `421 Misdirected Request`
+  * Use `setprototypeof` module to replace `__proto__` setting
+  * deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.0 < 2'
+    - Add `421 Misdirected Request`
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+2016-01-28 / 1.4.0
+==================
+
+  * Add `HttpError` export, for `err instanceof createError.HttpError`
+  * deps: inherits@2.0.1
+  * deps: statuses@'>= 1.2.1 < 2'
+    - Fix message for status 451
+    - Remove incorrect nginx status code
+
+2015-02-02 / 1.3.1
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression where status can be overwritten in `createError` `props`
+
+2015-02-01 / 1.3.0
+==================
+
+  * Construct errors using defined constructors from `createError`
+  * Fix error names that are not identifiers
+    - `createError["I'mateapot"]` is now `createError.ImATeapot`
+  * Set a meaningful `name` property on constructed errors
+
+2014-12-09 / 1.2.8
+==================
+
+  * Fix stack trace from exported function
+  * Remove `arguments.callee` usage
+
+2014-10-14 / 1.2.7
+==================
+
+  * Remove duplicate line
+
+2014-10-02 / 1.2.6
+==================
+
+  * Fix `expose` to be `true` for `ClientError` constructor
+
+2014-09-28 / 1.2.5
+==================
+
+  * deps: statuses@1
+
+2014-09-21 / 1.2.4
+==================
+
+  * Fix dependency version to work with old `npm`s
+
+2014-09-21 / 1.2.3
+==================
+
+  * deps: statuses@~1.1.0
+
+2014-09-21 / 1.2.2
+==================
+
+  * Fix publish error
+
+2014-09-21 / 1.2.1
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+  * Use `inherits` instead of `util`
+
+2014-09-09 / 1.2.0
+==================
+
+  * Fix the way inheriting functions
+  * Support `expose` being provided in properties argument
+
+2014-09-08 / 1.1.0
+==================
+
+  * Default status to 500
+  * Support provided `error` to extend
+
+2014-09-08 / 1.0.1
+==================
+
+  * Fix accepting string message
+
+2014-09-08 / 1.0.0
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/http-errors/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82af4df54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong me@jongleberry.com
+Copyright (c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson doug@somethingdoug.com
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/http-errors/README.md b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b2548118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# http-errors
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][node-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Create HTTP errors for Express, Koa, Connect, etc. with ease.
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```bash
+$ npm install http-errors
+```
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var express = require('express')
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(function (req, res, next) {
+  if (!req.user) return next(createError(401, 'Please login to view this page.'))
+  next()
+})
+```
+
+## API
+
+This is the current API, currently extracted from Koa and subject to change.
+
+### Error Properties
+
+- `expose` - can be used to signal if `message` should be sent to the client,
+  defaulting to `false` when `status` >= 500
+- `headers` - can be an object of header names to values to be sent to the
+  client, defaulting to `undefined`. When defined, the key names should all
+  be lower-cased
+- `message` - the traditional error message, which should be kept short and all
+  single line
+- `status` - the status code of the error, mirroring `statusCode` for general
+  compatibility
+- `statusCode` - the status code of the error, defaulting to `500`
+
+### createError([status], [message], [properties])
+
+Create a new error object with the given message `msg`.
+The error object inherits from `createError.HttpError`.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var err = createError(404, 'This video does not exist!')
+```
+
+- `status: 500` - the status code as a number
+- `message` - the message of the error, defaulting to node's text for that status code.
+- `properties` - custom properties to attach to the object
+
+### createError([status], [error], [properties])
+
+Extend the given `error` object with `createError.HttpError`
+properties. This will not alter the inheritance of the given
+`error` object, and the modified `error` object is the
+return value.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-redeclare, no-undef, no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+fs.readFile('foo.txt', function (err, buf) {
+  if (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      var httpError = createError(404, err, { expose: false })
+    } else {
+      var httpError = createError(500, err)
+    }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+- `status` - the status code as a number
+- `error` - the error object to extend
+- `properties` - custom properties to attach to the object
+
+### new createError\[code || name\](\[msg]\))
+
+Create a new error object with the given message `msg`.
+The error object inherits from `createError.HttpError`.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var err = new createError.NotFound()
+```
+
+- `code` - the status code as a number
+- `name` - the name of the error as a "bumpy case", i.e. `NotFound` or `InternalServerError`.
+
+#### List of all constructors
+
+|Status Code|Constructor Name             |
+|-----------|-----------------------------|
+|400        |BadRequest                   |
+|401        |Unauthorized                 |
+|402        |PaymentRequired              |
+|403        |Forbidden                    |
+|404        |NotFound                     |
+|405        |MethodNotAllowed             |
+|406        |NotAcceptable                |
+|407        |ProxyAuthenticationRequired  |
+|408        |RequestTimeout               |
+|409        |Conflict                     |
+|410        |Gone                         |
+|411        |LengthRequired               |
+|412        |PreconditionFailed           |
+|413        |PayloadTooLarge              |
+|414        |URITooLong                   |
+|415        |UnsupportedMediaType         |
+|416        |RangeNotSatisfiable          |
+|417        |ExpectationFailed            |
+|418        |ImATeapot                    |
+|421        |MisdirectedRequest           |
+|422        |UnprocessableEntity          |
+|423        |Locked                       |
+|424        |FailedDependency             |
+|425        |UnorderedCollection          |
+|426        |UpgradeRequired              |
+|428        |PreconditionRequired         |
+|429        |TooManyRequests              |
+|431        |RequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge  |
+|451        |UnavailableForLegalReasons   |
+|500        |InternalServerError          |
+|501        |NotImplemented               |
+|502        |BadGateway                   |
+|503        |ServiceUnavailable           |
+|504        |GatewayTimeout               |
+|505        |HTTPVersionNotSupported      |
+|506        |VariantAlsoNegotiates        |
+|507        |InsufficientStorage          |
+|508        |LoopDetected                 |
+|509        |BandwidthLimitExceeded       |
+|510        |NotExtended                  |
+|511        |NetworkAuthenticationRequired|
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/http-errors/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/http-errors?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/http-errors
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/http-errors
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/http-errors
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/http-errors
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/jshttp/http-errors/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/http-errors
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/http-errors/index.js b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10ca4adc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*!
+ * http-errors
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var deprecate = require('depd')('http-errors')
+var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
+var statuses = require('statuses')
+var inherits = require('inherits')
+var toIdentifier = require('toidentifier')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = createError
+module.exports.HttpError = createHttpErrorConstructor()
+
+// Populate exports for all constructors
+populateConstructorExports(module.exports, statuses.codes, module.exports.HttpError)
+
+/**
+ * Get the code class of a status code.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function codeClass (status) {
+  return Number(String(status).charAt(0) + '00')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new HTTP Error.
+ *
+ * @returns {Error}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function createError () {
+  // so much arity going on ~_~
+  var err
+  var msg
+  var status = 500
+  var props = {}
+  for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+    var arg = arguments[i]
+    if (arg instanceof Error) {
+      err = arg
+      status = err.status || err.statusCode || status
+      continue
+    }
+    switch (typeof arg) {
+      case 'string':
+        msg = arg
+        break
+      case 'number':
+        status = arg
+        if (i !== 0) {
+          deprecate('non-first-argument status code; replace with createError(' + arg + ', ...)')
+        }
+        break
+      case 'object':
+        props = arg
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof status === 'number' && (status < 400 || status >= 600)) {
+    deprecate('non-error status code; use only 4xx or 5xx status codes')
+  }
+
+  if (typeof status !== 'number' ||
+    (!statuses[status] && (status < 400 || status >= 600))) {
+    status = 500
+  }
+
+  // constructor
+  var HttpError = createError[status] || createError[codeClass(status)]
+
+  if (!err) {
+    // create error
+    err = HttpError
+      ? new HttpError(msg)
+      : new Error(msg || statuses[status])
+    Error.captureStackTrace(err, createError)
+  }
+
+  if (!HttpError || !(err instanceof HttpError) || err.status !== status) {
+    // add properties to generic error
+    err.expose = status < 500
+    err.status = err.statusCode = status
+  }
+
+  for (var key in props) {
+    if (key !== 'status' && key !== 'statusCode') {
+      err[key] = props[key]
+    }
+  }
+
+  return err
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create HTTP error abstract base class.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createHttpErrorConstructor () {
+  function HttpError () {
+    throw new TypeError('cannot construct abstract class')
+  }
+
+  inherits(HttpError, Error)
+
+  return HttpError
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a constructor for a client error.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createClientErrorConstructor (HttpError, name, code) {
+  var className = name.match(/Error$/) ? name : name + 'Error'
+
+  function ClientError (message) {
+    // create the error object
+    var msg = message != null ? message : statuses[code]
+    var err = new Error(msg)
+
+    // capture a stack trace to the construction point
+    Error.captureStackTrace(err, ClientError)
+
+    // adjust the [[Prototype]]
+    setPrototypeOf(err, ClientError.prototype)
+
+    // redefine the error message
+    Object.defineProperty(err, 'message', {
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: msg,
+      writable: true
+    })
+
+    // redefine the error name
+    Object.defineProperty(err, 'name', {
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: className,
+      writable: true
+    })
+
+    return err
+  }
+
+  inherits(ClientError, HttpError)
+  nameFunc(ClientError, className)
+
+  ClientError.prototype.status = code
+  ClientError.prototype.statusCode = code
+  ClientError.prototype.expose = true
+
+  return ClientError
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a constructor for a server error.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createServerErrorConstructor (HttpError, name, code) {
+  var className = name.match(/Error$/) ? name : name + 'Error'
+
+  function ServerError (message) {
+    // create the error object
+    var msg = message != null ? message : statuses[code]
+    var err = new Error(msg)
+
+    // capture a stack trace to the construction point
+    Error.captureStackTrace(err, ServerError)
+
+    // adjust the [[Prototype]]
+    setPrototypeOf(err, ServerError.prototype)
+
+    // redefine the error message
+    Object.defineProperty(err, 'message', {
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: msg,
+      writable: true
+    })
+
+    // redefine the error name
+    Object.defineProperty(err, 'name', {
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+      value: className,
+      writable: true
+    })
+
+    return err
+  }
+
+  inherits(ServerError, HttpError)
+  nameFunc(ServerError, className)
+
+  ServerError.prototype.status = code
+  ServerError.prototype.statusCode = code
+  ServerError.prototype.expose = false
+
+  return ServerError
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the name of a function, if possible.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function nameFunc (func, name) {
+  var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(func, 'name')
+
+  if (desc && desc.configurable) {
+    desc.value = name
+    Object.defineProperty(func, 'name', desc)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Populate the exports object with constructors for every error class.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function populateConstructorExports (exports, codes, HttpError) {
+  codes.forEach(function forEachCode (code) {
+    var CodeError
+    var name = toIdentifier(statuses[code])
+
+    switch (codeClass(code)) {
+      case 400:
+        CodeError = createClientErrorConstructor(HttpError, name, code)
+        break
+      case 500:
+        CodeError = createServerErrorConstructor(HttpError, name, code)
+        break
+    }
+
+    if (CodeError) {
+      // export the constructor
+      exports[code] = CodeError
+      exports[name] = CodeError
+    }
+  })
+
+  // backwards-compatibility
+  exports["I'mateapot"] = deprecate.function(exports.ImATeapot,
+    '"I\'mateapot"; use "ImATeapot" instead')
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/http-errors/package.json b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..814fc3271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/http-errors/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "_from": "http-errors@1.7.2",
+  "_id": "http-errors@1.7.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-uUQBt3H/cSIVfch6i1EuPNy/YsRSOUBXTVfZ+yR7Zjez3qjBz6i9+i4zjNaoqcoFVI4lQJ5plg63TvGfRSDCRg==",
+  "_location": "/http-errors",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "http-errors@1.7.2",
+    "name": "http-errors",
+    "escapedName": "http-errors",
+    "rawSpec": "1.7.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.7.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/raw-body",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/http-errors/-/http-errors-1.7.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "4f5029cf13239f31036e5b2e55292bcfbcc85c8f",
+  "_spec": "http-errors@1.7.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\body-parser",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+    "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+    "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/http-errors/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Alan Plum",
+      "email": "me@pluma.io"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "depd": "~1.1.2",
+    "inherits": "2.0.3",
+    "setprototypeof": "1.1.1",
+    "statuses": ">= 1.5.0 < 2",
+    "toidentifier": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Create HTTP error objects",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.13.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.16.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "7.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "5.2.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/http-errors#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "error"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "http-errors",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/http-errors.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md . && node ./scripts/lint-readme-list.js",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter dot"
+  },
+  "version": "1.7.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/README.md b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..328656a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+https-proxy-agent
+================
+### An HTTP(s) proxy `http.Agent` implementation for HTTPS
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-https-proxy-agent/workflows/Node%20CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-https-proxy-agent/actions?workflow=Node+CI)
+
+This module provides an `http.Agent` implementation that connects to a specified
+HTTP or HTTPS proxy server, and can be used with the built-in `https` module.
+
+Specifically, this `Agent` implementation connects to an intermediary "proxy"
+server and issues the [CONNECT HTTP method][CONNECT], which tells the proxy to
+open a direct TCP connection to the destination server.
+
+Since this agent implements the CONNECT HTTP method, it also works with other
+protocols that use this method when connecting over proxies (i.e. WebSockets).
+See the "Examples" section below for more.
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+Install with `npm`:
+
+``` bash
+$ npm install https-proxy-agent
+```
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+#### `https` module example
+
+``` js
+var url = require('url');
+var https = require('https');
+var HttpsProxyAgent = require('https-proxy-agent');
+
+// HTTP/HTTPS proxy to connect to
+var proxy = process.env.http_proxy || 'http://168.63.76.32:3128';
+console.log('using proxy server %j', proxy);
+
+// HTTPS endpoint for the proxy to connect to
+var endpoint = process.argv[2] || 'https://graph.facebook.com/tootallnate';
+console.log('attempting to GET %j', endpoint);
+var options = url.parse(endpoint);
+
+// create an instance of the `HttpsProxyAgent` class with the proxy server information
+var agent = new HttpsProxyAgent(proxy);
+options.agent = agent;
+
+https.get(options, function (res) {
+  console.log('"response" event!', res.headers);
+  res.pipe(process.stdout);
+});
+```
+
+#### `ws` WebSocket connection example
+
+``` js
+var url = require('url');
+var WebSocket = require('ws');
+var HttpsProxyAgent = require('https-proxy-agent');
+
+// HTTP/HTTPS proxy to connect to
+var proxy = process.env.http_proxy || 'http://168.63.76.32:3128';
+console.log('using proxy server %j', proxy);
+
+// WebSocket endpoint for the proxy to connect to
+var endpoint = process.argv[2] || 'ws://echo.websocket.org';
+var parsed = url.parse(endpoint);
+console.log('attempting to connect to WebSocket %j', endpoint);
+
+// create an instance of the `HttpsProxyAgent` class with the proxy server information
+var options = url.parse(proxy);
+
+var agent = new HttpsProxyAgent(options);
+
+// finally, initiate the WebSocket connection
+var socket = new WebSocket(endpoint, { agent: agent });
+
+socket.on('open', function () {
+  console.log('"open" event!');
+  socket.send('hello world');
+});
+
+socket.on('message', function (data, flags) {
+  console.log('"message" event! %j %j', data, flags);
+  socket.close();
+});
+```
+
+API
+---
+
+### new HttpsProxyAgent(Object options)
+
+The `HttpsProxyAgent` class implements an `http.Agent` subclass that connects
+to the specified "HTTP(s) proxy server" in order to proxy HTTPS and/or WebSocket
+requests. This is achieved by using the [HTTP `CONNECT` method][CONNECT].
+
+The `options` argument may either be a string URI of the proxy server to use, or an
+"options" object with more specific properties:
+
+  * `host` - String - Proxy host to connect to (may use `hostname` as well). Required.
+  * `port` - Number - Proxy port to connect to. Required.
+  * `protocol` - String - If `https:`, then use TLS to connect to the proxy.
+  * `headers` - Object - Additional HTTP headers to be sent on the HTTP CONNECT method.
+  * Any other options given are passed to the `net.connect()`/`tls.connect()` functions.
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Nathan Rajlich &lt;nathan@tootallnate.net&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+[CONNECT]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_tunnel#HTTP_CONNECT_Tunneling
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f1c63624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/// <reference types="node" />
+import net from 'net';
+import { Agent, ClientRequest, RequestOptions } from 'agent-base';
+import { HttpsProxyAgentOptions } from '.';
+/**
+ * The `HttpsProxyAgent` implements an HTTP Agent subclass that connects to
+ * the specified "HTTP(s) proxy server" in order to proxy HTTPS requests.
+ *
+ * Outgoing HTTP requests are first tunneled through the proxy server using the
+ * `CONNECT` HTTP request method to establish a connection to the proxy server,
+ * and then the proxy server connects to the destination target and issues the
+ * HTTP request from the proxy server.
+ *
+ * `https:` requests have their socket connection upgraded to TLS once
+ * the connection to the proxy server has been established.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+export default class HttpsProxyAgent extends Agent {
+    private secureProxy;
+    private proxy;
+    constructor(_opts: string | HttpsProxyAgentOptions);
+    /**
+     * Called when the node-core HTTP client library is creating a
+     * new HTTP request.
+     *
+     * @api protected
+     */
+    callback(req: ClientRequest, opts: RequestOptions): Promise<net.Socket>;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6665259f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.js
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+"use strict";
+var __awaiter = (this && this.__awaiter) || function (thisArg, _arguments, P, generator) {
+    function adopt(value) { return value instanceof P ? value : new P(function (resolve) { resolve(value); }); }
+    return new (P || (P = Promise))(function (resolve, reject) {
+        function fulfilled(value) { try { step(generator.next(value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }
+        function rejected(value) { try { step(generator["throw"](value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }
+        function step(result) { result.done ? resolve(result.value) : adopt(result.value).then(fulfilled, rejected); }
+        step((generator = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || [])).next());
+    });
+};
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const net_1 = __importDefault(require("net"));
+const tls_1 = __importDefault(require("tls"));
+const url_1 = __importDefault(require("url"));
+const assert_1 = __importDefault(require("assert"));
+const debug_1 = __importDefault(require("debug"));
+const agent_base_1 = require("agent-base");
+const parse_proxy_response_1 = __importDefault(require("./parse-proxy-response"));
+const debug = debug_1.default('https-proxy-agent:agent');
+/**
+ * The `HttpsProxyAgent` implements an HTTP Agent subclass that connects to
+ * the specified "HTTP(s) proxy server" in order to proxy HTTPS requests.
+ *
+ * Outgoing HTTP requests are first tunneled through the proxy server using the
+ * `CONNECT` HTTP request method to establish a connection to the proxy server,
+ * and then the proxy server connects to the destination target and issues the
+ * HTTP request from the proxy server.
+ *
+ * `https:` requests have their socket connection upgraded to TLS once
+ * the connection to the proxy server has been established.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+class HttpsProxyAgent extends agent_base_1.Agent {
+    constructor(_opts) {
+        let opts;
+        if (typeof _opts === 'string') {
+            opts = url_1.default.parse(_opts);
+        }
+        else {
+            opts = _opts;
+        }
+        if (!opts) {
+            throw new Error('an HTTP(S) proxy server `host` and `port` must be specified!');
+        }
+        debug('creating new HttpsProxyAgent instance: %o', opts);
+        super(opts);
+        const proxy = Object.assign({}, opts);
+        // If `true`, then connect to the proxy server over TLS.
+        // Defaults to `false`.
+        this.secureProxy = opts.secureProxy || isHTTPS(proxy.protocol);
+        // Prefer `hostname` over `host`, and set the `port` if needed.
+        proxy.host = proxy.hostname || proxy.host;
+        if (typeof proxy.port === 'string') {
+            proxy.port = parseInt(proxy.port, 10);
+        }
+        if (!proxy.port && proxy.host) {
+            proxy.port = this.secureProxy ? 443 : 80;
+        }
+        // ALPN is supported by Node.js >= v5.
+        // attempt to negotiate http/1.1 for proxy servers that support http/2
+        if (this.secureProxy && !('ALPNProtocols' in proxy)) {
+            proxy.ALPNProtocols = ['http 1.1'];
+        }
+        if (proxy.host && proxy.path) {
+            // If both a `host` and `path` are specified then it's most likely
+            // the result of a `url.parse()` call... we need to remove the
+            // `path` portion so that `net.connect()` doesn't attempt to open
+            // that as a Unix socket file.
+            delete proxy.path;
+            delete proxy.pathname;
+        }
+        this.proxy = proxy;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Called when the node-core HTTP client library is creating a
+     * new HTTP request.
+     *
+     * @api protected
+     */
+    callback(req, opts) {
+        return __awaiter(this, void 0, void 0, function* () {
+            const { proxy, secureProxy } = this;
+            // Create a socket connection to the proxy server.
+            let socket;
+            if (secureProxy) {
+                debug('Creating `tls.Socket`: %o', proxy);
+                socket = tls_1.default.connect(proxy);
+            }
+            else {
+                debug('Creating `net.Socket`: %o', proxy);
+                socket = net_1.default.connect(proxy);
+            }
+            const headers = Object.assign({}, proxy.headers);
+            const hostname = `${opts.host}:${opts.port}`;
+            let payload = `CONNECT ${hostname} HTTP/1.1\r\n`;
+            // Inject the `Proxy-Authorization` header if necessary.
+            if (proxy.auth) {
+                headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = `Basic ${Buffer.from(proxy.auth).toString('base64')}`;
+            }
+            // The `Host` header should only include the port
+            // number when it is not the default port.
+            let { host, port, secureEndpoint } = opts;
+            if (!isDefaultPort(port, secureEndpoint)) {
+                host += `:${port}`;
+            }
+            headers.Host = host;
+            headers.Connection = 'close';
+            for (const name of Object.keys(headers)) {
+                payload += `${name}: ${headers[name]}\r\n`;
+            }
+            const proxyResponsePromise = parse_proxy_response_1.default(socket);
+            socket.write(`${payload}\r\n`);
+            const { statusCode, buffered } = yield proxyResponsePromise;
+            if (statusCode === 200) {
+                req.once('socket', resume);
+                if (opts.secureEndpoint) {
+                    const servername = opts.servername || opts.host;
+                    if (!servername) {
+                        throw new Error('Could not determine "servername"');
+                    }
+                    // The proxy is connecting to a TLS server, so upgrade
+                    // this socket connection to a TLS connection.
+                    debug('Upgrading socket connection to TLS');
+                    return tls_1.default.connect(Object.assign(Object.assign({}, omit(opts, 'host', 'hostname', 'path', 'port')), { socket,
+                        servername }));
+                }
+                return socket;
+            }
+            // Some other status code that's not 200... need to re-play the HTTP
+            // header "data" events onto the socket once the HTTP machinery is
+            // attached so that the node core `http` can parse and handle the
+            // error status code.
+            // Close the original socket, and a new "fake" socket is returned
+            // instead, so that the proxy doesn't get the HTTP request
+            // written to it (which may contain `Authorization` headers or other
+            // sensitive data).
+            //
+            // See: https://hackerone.com/reports/541502
+            socket.destroy();
+            const fakeSocket = new net_1.default.Socket();
+            fakeSocket.readable = true;
+            // Need to wait for the "socket" event to re-play the "data" events.
+            req.once('socket', (s) => {
+                debug('replaying proxy buffer for failed request');
+                assert_1.default(s.listenerCount('data') > 0);
+                // Replay the "buffered" Buffer onto the fake `socket`, since at
+                // this point the HTTP module machinery has been hooked up for
+                // the user.
+                s.push(buffered);
+                s.push(null);
+            });
+            return fakeSocket;
+        });
+    }
+}
+exports.default = HttpsProxyAgent;
+function resume(socket) {
+    socket.resume();
+}
+function isDefaultPort(port, secure) {
+    return Boolean((!secure && port === 80) || (secure && port === 443));
+}
+function isHTTPS(protocol) {
+    return typeof protocol === 'string' ? /^https:?$/i.test(protocol) : false;
+}
+function omit(obj, ...keys) {
+    const ret = {};
+    let key;
+    for (key in obj) {
+        if (!keys.includes(key)) {
+            ret[key] = obj[key];
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=agent.js.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.js.map b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1307cdd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/agent.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d60062ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/// <reference types="node" />
+import net from 'net';
+import tls from 'tls';
+import { Url } from 'url';
+import { AgentOptions } from 'agent-base';
+import { OutgoingHttpHeaders } from 'http';
+import _HttpsProxyAgent from './agent';
+declare function createHttpsProxyAgent(opts: string | createHttpsProxyAgent.HttpsProxyAgentOptions): _HttpsProxyAgent;
+declare namespace createHttpsProxyAgent {
+    interface BaseHttpsProxyAgentOptions {
+        headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders;
+        secureProxy?: boolean;
+        host?: string | null;
+        path?: string | null;
+        port?: string | number | null;
+    }
+    export interface HttpsProxyAgentOptions extends AgentOptions, BaseHttpsProxyAgentOptions, Partial<Omit<Url & net.NetConnectOpts & tls.ConnectionOptions, keyof BaseHttpsProxyAgentOptions>> {
+    }
+    export type HttpsProxyAgent = _HttpsProxyAgent;
+    export const HttpsProxyAgent: typeof _HttpsProxyAgent;
+    export {};
+}
+export = createHttpsProxyAgent;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b03e7631a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"use strict";
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+const agent_1 = __importDefault(require("./agent"));
+function createHttpsProxyAgent(opts) {
+    return new agent_1.default(opts);
+}
+(function (createHttpsProxyAgent) {
+    createHttpsProxyAgent.HttpsProxyAgent = agent_1.default;
+    createHttpsProxyAgent.prototype = agent_1.default.prototype;
+})(createHttpsProxyAgent || (createHttpsProxyAgent = {}));
+module.exports = createHttpsProxyAgent;
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.js.map b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3ce559de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/index.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/index.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;AAKA,oDAAuC;AAEvC,SAAS,qBAAqB,CAC7B,IAA2D;IAE3D,OAAO,IAAI,eAAgB,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;AACnC,CAAC;AAED,WAAU,qBAAqB;IAoBjB,qCAAe,GAAG,eAAgB,CAAC;IAEhD,qBAAqB,CAAC,SAAS,GAAG,eAAgB,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC;AAC9D,CAAC,EAvBS,qBAAqB,KAArB,qBAAqB,QAuB9B;AAED,iBAAS,qBAAqB,CAAC"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7565674a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/// <reference types="node" />
+import { Readable } from 'stream';
+export interface ProxyResponse {
+    statusCode: number;
+    buffered: Buffer;
+}
+export default function parseProxyResponse(socket: Readable): Promise<ProxyResponse>;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa5ce3cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"use strict";
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const debug_1 = __importDefault(require("debug"));
+const debug = debug_1.default('https-proxy-agent:parse-proxy-response');
+function parseProxyResponse(socket) {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        // we need to buffer any HTTP traffic that happens with the proxy before we get
+        // the CONNECT response, so that if the response is anything other than an "200"
+        // response code, then we can re-play the "data" events on the socket once the
+        // HTTP parser is hooked up...
+        let buffersLength = 0;
+        const buffers = [];
+        function read() {
+            const b = socket.read();
+            if (b)
+                ondata(b);
+            else
+                socket.once('readable', read);
+        }
+        function cleanup() {
+            socket.removeListener('end', onend);
+            socket.removeListener('error', onerror);
+            socket.removeListener('close', onclose);
+            socket.removeListener('readable', read);
+        }
+        function onclose(err) {
+            debug('onclose had error %o', err);
+        }
+        function onend() {
+            debug('onend');
+        }
+        function onerror(err) {
+            cleanup();
+            debug('onerror %o', err);
+            reject(err);
+        }
+        function ondata(b) {
+            buffers.push(b);
+            buffersLength += b.length;
+            const buffered = Buffer.concat(buffers, buffersLength);
+            const endOfHeaders = buffered.indexOf('\r\n\r\n');
+            if (endOfHeaders === -1) {
+                // keep buffering
+                debug('have not received end of HTTP headers yet...');
+                read();
+                return;
+            }
+            const firstLine = buffered.toString('ascii', 0, buffered.indexOf('\r\n'));
+            const statusCode = +firstLine.split(' ')[1];
+            debug('got proxy server response: %o', firstLine);
+            resolve({
+                statusCode,
+                buffered
+            });
+        }
+        socket.on('error', onerror);
+        socket.on('close', onclose);
+        socket.on('end', onend);
+        read();
+    });
+}
+exports.default = parseProxyResponse;
+//# sourceMappingURL=parse-proxy-response.js.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.js.map b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bacdb84b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/dist/parse-proxy-response.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"parse-proxy-response.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/parse-proxy-response.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;;AAAA,kDAAgC;AAGhC,MAAM,KAAK,GAAG,eAAW,CAAC,wCAAwC,CAAC,CAAC;AAOpE,SAAwB,kBAAkB,CACzC,MAAgB;IAEhB,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;QACtC,+EAA+E;QAC/E,gFAAgF;QAChF,8EAA8E;QAC9E,8BAA8B;QAC9B,IAAI,aAAa,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;QACtB,MAAM,OAAO,GAAa,EAAE,CAAC;QAE7B,SAAS,IAAI;YACZ,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;YACxB,IAAI,CAAC;gBAAE,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;;gBACZ,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;QACpC,CAAC;QAED,SAAS,OAAO;YACf,MAAM,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC;YACpC,MAAM,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;YACxC,MAAM,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;YACxC,MAAM,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;QACzC,CAAC;QAED,SAAS,OAAO,CAAC,GAAW;YAC3B,KAAK,CAAC,sBAAsB,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;QACpC,CAAC;QAED,SAAS,KAAK;YACb,KAAK,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAChB,CAAC;QAED,SAAS,OAAO,CAAC,GAAU;YAC1B,OAAO,EAAE,CAAC;YACV,KAAK,CAAC,YAAY,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;YACzB,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;QACb,CAAC;QAED,SAAS,MAAM,CAAC,CAAS;YACxB,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;YAChB,aAAa,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;YAE1B,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,aAAa,CAAC,CAAC;YACvD,MAAM,YAAY,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,CAAC;YAElD,IAAI,YAAY,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE;gBACxB,iBAAiB;gBACjB,KAAK,CAAC,8CAA8C,CAAC,CAAC;gBACtD,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;gBACP,OAAO;aACP;YAED,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,QAAQ,CAClC,OAAO,EACP,CAAC,EACD,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CACxB,CAAC;YACF,MAAM,UAAU,GAAG,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;YAC5C,KAAK,CAAC,+BAA+B,EAAE,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;YAClD,OAAO,CAAC;gBACP,UAAU;gBACV,QAAQ;aACR,CAAC,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAC5B,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAC5B,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC;QAExB,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;IACR,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AACJ,CAAC;AAvED,qCAuEC"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658c933d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software 
+and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, 
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial 
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/README.md b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88dae35d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+# debug
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug)  [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/visionmedia/debug/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/visionmedia/debug?branch=master)  [![Slack](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/backers/badge.svg)](#backers)
+[![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsors/badge.svg)](#sponsors)
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
+
+A tiny JavaScript debugging utility modelled after Node.js core's debugging
+technique. Works in Node.js and web browsers.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+$ npm install debug
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+`debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
+
+Example [_app.js_](./examples/node/app.js):
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('http')
+  , http = require('http')
+  , name = 'My App';
+
+// fake app
+
+debug('booting %o', name);
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res){
+  debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
+  res.end('hello\n');
+}).listen(3000, function(){
+  debug('listening');
+});
+
+// fake worker of some kind
+
+require('./worker');
+```
+
+Example [_worker.js_](./examples/node/worker.js):
+
+```js
+var a = require('debug')('worker:a')
+  , b = require('debug')('worker:b');
+
+function work() {
+  a('doing lots of uninteresting work');
+  setTimeout(work, Math.random() * 1000);
+}
+
+work();
+
+function workb() {
+  b('doing some work');
+  setTimeout(workb, Math.random() * 2000);
+}
+
+workb();
+```
+
+The `DEBUG` environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or
+comma-delimited names.
+
+Here are some examples:
+
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 04 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091703-a6302cdc-7c38-11e7-8304-7c0b3bc600cd.png">
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 38 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091700-a62a6888-7c38-11e7-800b-db911291ca2b.png">
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 25 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091701-a62ea114-7c38-11e7-826a-2692bedca740.png">
+
+#### Windows command prompt notes
+
+##### CMD
+
+On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
+
+```cmd
+set DEBUG=*,-not_this
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```cmd
+set DEBUG=* & node app.js
+```
+
+##### PowerShell (VS Code default)
+
+PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
+
+```cmd
+$env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```cmd
+$env:DEBUG='app';node app.js
+```
+
+Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
+
+npm script example:
+```js
+  "windowsDebug": "@powershell -Command $env:DEBUG='*';node app.js",
+```
+
+## Namespace Colors
+
+Every debug instance has a color generated for it based on its namespace name.
+This helps when visually parsing the debug output to identify which debug instance
+a debug line belongs to.
+
+#### Node.js
+
+In Node.js, colors are enabled when stderr is a TTY. You also _should_ install
+the [`supports-color`](https://npmjs.org/supports-color) module alongside debug,
+otherwise debug will only use a small handful of basic colors.
+
+<img width="521" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092181-47f6a9e6-7c3a-11e7-9a14-1928d8a711cd.png">
+
+#### Web Browser
+
+Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
+option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
+31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
+and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
+
+<img width="524" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092033-b65f9f2e-7c39-11e7-8e32-f6f0d8e865c1.png">
+
+
+## Millisecond diff
+
+When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
+
+When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toISOString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091956-6bd78372-7c39-11e7-8c55-c948396d6edd.png">
+
+
+## Conventions
+
+If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser".  If you append a "*" to the end of your name, it will always be enabled regardless of the setting of the DEBUG environment variable.  You can then use it for normal output as well as debug output.
+
+## Wildcards
+
+The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has
+debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session",
+instead of listing all three with
+`DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do
+`DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
+
+You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character.
+For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those
+starting with "connect:".
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
+change the behavior of the debug logging:
+
+| Name      | Purpose                                         |
+|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| `DEBUG`   | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
+| `DEBUG_HIDE_DATE` | Hide date from debug output (non-TTY).  |
+| `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
+| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth.                    |
+| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
+
+
+__Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
+converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
+See the Node.js documentation for
+[`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
+for the complete list.
+
+## Formatters
+
+Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting.
+Below are the officially supported formatters:
+
+| Formatter | Representation |
+|-----------|----------------|
+| `%O`      | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
+| `%o`      | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
+| `%s`      | String. |
+| `%d`      | Number (both integer and float). |
+| `%j`      | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
+| `%%`      | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
+
+
+### Custom formatters
+
+You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object.
+For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with
+`%h`, you could do something like:
+
+```js
+const createDebug = require('debug')
+createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
+  return v.toString('hex')
+}
+
+// …elsewhere
+const debug = createDebug('foo')
+debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
+//   foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
+```
+
+
+## Browser Support
+
+You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
+or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
+if you don't want to build it yourself.
+
+Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
+Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
+and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
+
+```js
+localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
+```
+
+And then refresh the page.
+
+```js
+a = debug('worker:a');
+b = debug('worker:b');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  a('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  b('doing some work');
+}, 1200);
+```
+
+
+## Output streams
+
+  By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
+
+Example [_stdout.js_](./examples/node/stdout.js):
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug');
+var error = debug('app:error');
+
+// by default stderr is used
+error('goes to stderr!');
+
+var log = debug('app:log');
+// set this namespace to log via console.log
+log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
+log('goes to stdout');
+error('still goes to stderr!');
+
+// set all output to go via console.info
+// overrides all per-namespace log settings
+debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
+error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
+log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
+```
+
+## Extend
+You can simply extend debugger 
+```js
+const log = require('debug')('auth');
+
+//creates new debug instance with extended namespace
+const logSign = log.extend('sign');
+const logLogin = log.extend('login');
+
+log('hello'); // auth hello
+logSign('hello'); //auth:sign hello
+logLogin('hello'); //auth:login hello
+```
+
+## Set dynamically
+
+You can also enable debug dynamically by calling the `enable()` method :
+
+```js
+let debug = require('debug');
+
+console.log(1, debug.enabled('test'));
+
+debug.enable('test');
+console.log(2, debug.enabled('test'));
+
+debug.disable();
+console.log(3, debug.enabled('test'));
+
+```
+
+print :   
+```
+1 false
+2 true
+3 false
+```
+
+Usage :  
+`enable(namespaces)`  
+`namespaces` can include modes separated by a colon and wildcards.
+   
+Note that calling `enable()` completely overrides previously set DEBUG variable : 
+
+```
+$ DEBUG=foo node -e 'var dbg = require("debug"); dbg.enable("bar"); console.log(dbg.enabled("foo"))'
+=> false
+```
+
+`disable()`
+
+Will disable all namespaces. The functions returns the namespaces currently
+enabled (and skipped). This can be useful if you want to disable debugging
+temporarily without knowing what was enabled to begin with.
+
+For example:
+
+```js
+let debug = require('debug');
+debug.enable('foo:*,-foo:bar');
+let namespaces = debug.disable();
+debug.enable(namespaces);
+```
+
+Note: There is no guarantee that the string will be identical to the initial
+enable string, but semantically they will be identical.
+
+## Checking whether a debug target is enabled
+
+After you've created a debug instance, you can determine whether or not it is
+enabled by checking the `enabled` property:
+
+```javascript
+const debug = require('debug')('http');
+
+if (debug.enabled) {
+  // do stuff...
+}
+```
+
+You can also manually toggle this property to force the debug instance to be
+enabled or disabled.
+
+
+## Authors
+
+ - TJ Holowaychuk
+ - Nathan Rajlich
+ - Andrew Rhyne
+
+## Backers
+
+Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/avatar.svg"></a>
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+
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/8/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/9/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/9/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/10/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/10/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+## License
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/package.json b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..216f8e709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+{
+  "_from": "debug@4",
+  "_id": "debug@4.3.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-doEwdvm4PCeK4K3RQN2ZC2BYUBaxwLARCqZmMjtF8a51J2Rb0xpVloFRnCODwqjpwnAoao4pelN8l3RJdv3gRQ==",
+  "_location": "/https-proxy-agent/debug",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "debug@4",
+    "name": "debug",
+    "escapedName": "debug",
+    "rawSpec": "4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/https-proxy-agent"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-4.3.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f0d229c505e0c6d8c49ac553d1b13dc183f6b2ee",
+  "_spec": "debug@4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\https-proxy-agent",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
+  },
+  "browser": "./src/browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+      "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+      "url": "http://n8.io"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Andrew Rhyne",
+      "email": "rhyneandrew@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Josh Junon",
+      "email": "josh@junon.me"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ms": "2.1.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "brfs": "^2.0.1",
+    "browserify": "^16.2.3",
+    "coveralls": "^3.0.2",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "karma": "^3.1.4",
+    "karma-browserify": "^6.0.0",
+    "karma-chrome-launcher": "^2.2.0",
+    "karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
+    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
+    "mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
+    "xo": "^0.23.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=6.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "src",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./src/index.js",
+  "name": "debug",
+  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+    "supports-color": {
+      "optional": true
+    }
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/visionmedia/debug.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "xo",
+    "test": "npm run test:node && npm run test:browser && npm run lint",
+    "test:browser": "karma start --single-run",
+    "test:coverage": "cat ./coverage/lcov.info | coveralls",
+    "test:node": "istanbul cover _mocha -- test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "4.3.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd0fc35d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/* eslint-env browser */
+
+/**
+ * This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
+ */
+
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.storage = localstorage();
+exports.destroy = (() => {
+	let warned = false;
+
+	return () => {
+		if (!warned) {
+			warned = true;
+			console.warn('Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.');
+		}
+	};
+})();
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [
+	'#0000CC',
+	'#0000FF',
+	'#0033CC',
+	'#0033FF',
+	'#0066CC',
+	'#0066FF',
+	'#0099CC',
+	'#0099FF',
+	'#00CC00',
+	'#00CC33',
+	'#00CC66',
+	'#00CC99',
+	'#00CCCC',
+	'#00CCFF',
+	'#3300CC',
+	'#3300FF',
+	'#3333CC',
+	'#3333FF',
+	'#3366CC',
+	'#3366FF',
+	'#3399CC',
+	'#3399FF',
+	'#33CC00',
+	'#33CC33',
+	'#33CC66',
+	'#33CC99',
+	'#33CCCC',
+	'#33CCFF',
+	'#6600CC',
+	'#6600FF',
+	'#6633CC',
+	'#6633FF',
+	'#66CC00',
+	'#66CC33',
+	'#9900CC',
+	'#9900FF',
+	'#9933CC',
+	'#9933FF',
+	'#99CC00',
+	'#99CC33',
+	'#CC0000',
+	'#CC0033',
+	'#CC0066',
+	'#CC0099',
+	'#CC00CC',
+	'#CC00FF',
+	'#CC3300',
+	'#CC3333',
+	'#CC3366',
+	'#CC3399',
+	'#CC33CC',
+	'#CC33FF',
+	'#CC6600',
+	'#CC6633',
+	'#CC9900',
+	'#CC9933',
+	'#CCCC00',
+	'#CCCC33',
+	'#FF0000',
+	'#FF0033',
+	'#FF0066',
+	'#FF0099',
+	'#FF00CC',
+	'#FF00FF',
+	'#FF3300',
+	'#FF3333',
+	'#FF3366',
+	'#FF3399',
+	'#FF33CC',
+	'#FF33FF',
+	'#FF6600',
+	'#FF6633',
+	'#FF9900',
+	'#FF9933',
+	'#FFCC00',
+	'#FFCC33'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
+ * and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
+ * to support "%c" CSS customizations.
+ *
+ * TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
+ */
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line complexity
+function useColors() {
+	// NB: In an Electron preload script, document will be defined but not fully
+	// initialized. Since we know we're in Chrome, we'll just detect this case
+	// explicitly
+	if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.process && (window.process.type === 'renderer' || window.process.__nwjs)) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	// Internet Explorer and Edge do not support colors.
+	if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/(edge|trident)\/(\d+)/)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
+	// document is undefined in react-native: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/1632
+	return (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement && document.documentElement.style && document.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance) ||
+		// Is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
+		(typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.console && (window.console.firebug || (window.console.exception && window.console.table))) ||
+		// Is firefox >= v31?
+		// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
+		(typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/) && parseInt(RegExp.$1, 10) >= 31) ||
+		// Double check webkit in userAgent just in case we are in a worker
+		(typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/applewebkit\/(\d+)/));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Colorize log arguments if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+	args[0] = (this.useColors ? '%c' : '') +
+		this.namespace +
+		(this.useColors ? ' %c' : ' ') +
+		args[0] +
+		(this.useColors ? '%c ' : ' ') +
+		'+' + module.exports.humanize(this.diff);
+
+	if (!this.useColors) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const c = 'color: ' + this.color;
+	args.splice(1, 0, c, 'color: inherit');
+
+	// The final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
+	// arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
+	// figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
+	let index = 0;
+	let lastC = 0;
+	args[0].replace(/%[a-zA-Z%]/g, match => {
+		if (match === '%%') {
+			return;
+		}
+		index++;
+		if (match === '%c') {
+			// We only are interested in the *last* %c
+			// (the user may have provided their own)
+			lastC = index;
+		}
+	});
+
+	args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.debug()` when available.
+ * No-op when `console.debug` is not a "function".
+ * If `console.debug` is not available, falls back
+ * to `console.log`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+exports.log = console.debug || console.log || (() => {});
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+function save(namespaces) {
+	try {
+		if (namespaces) {
+			exports.storage.setItem('debug', namespaces);
+		} else {
+			exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
+		}
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Swallow
+		// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+function load() {
+	let r;
+	try {
+		r = exports.storage.getItem('debug');
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Swallow
+		// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
+	}
+
+	// If debug isn't set in LS, and we're in Electron, try to load $DEBUG
+	if (!r && typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'env' in process) {
+		r = process.env.DEBUG;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
+ *
+ * This is necessary because safari throws
+ * when a user disables cookies/localstorage
+ * and you attempt to access it.
+ *
+ * @return {LocalStorage}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function localstorage() {
+	try {
+		// TVMLKit (Apple TV JS Runtime) does not have a window object, just localStorage in the global context
+		// The Browser also has localStorage in the global context.
+		return localStorage;
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Swallow
+		// XXX (@Qix-) should we be logging these?
+	}
+}
+
+module.exports = require('./common')(exports);
+
+const {formatters} = module.exports;
+
+/**
+ * Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
+ */
+
+formatters.j = function (v) {
+	try {
+		return JSON.stringify(v);
+	} catch (error) {
+		return '[UnexpectedJSONParseError]: ' + error.message;
+	}
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/common.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/common.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..392a8e005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/common.js
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+
+/**
+ * This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
+ * implementations of `debug()`.
+ */
+
+function setup(env) {
+	createDebug.debug = createDebug;
+	createDebug.default = createDebug;
+	createDebug.coerce = coerce;
+	createDebug.disable = disable;
+	createDebug.enable = enable;
+	createDebug.enabled = enabled;
+	createDebug.humanize = require('ms');
+	createDebug.destroy = destroy;
+
+	Object.keys(env).forEach(key => {
+		createDebug[key] = env[key];
+	});
+
+	/**
+	* The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
+	*/
+
+	createDebug.names = [];
+	createDebug.skips = [];
+
+	/**
+	* Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
+	*
+	* Valid key names are a single, lower or upper-case letter, i.e. "n" and "N".
+	*/
+	createDebug.formatters = {};
+
+	/**
+	* Selects a color for a debug namespace
+	* @param {String} namespace The namespace string for the for the debug instance to be colored
+	* @return {Number|String} An ANSI color code for the given namespace
+	* @api private
+	*/
+	function selectColor(namespace) {
+		let hash = 0;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < namespace.length; i++) {
+			hash = ((hash << 5) - hash) + namespace.charCodeAt(i);
+			hash |= 0; // Convert to 32bit integer
+		}
+
+		return createDebug.colors[Math.abs(hash) % createDebug.colors.length];
+	}
+	createDebug.selectColor = selectColor;
+
+	/**
+	* Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
+	*
+	* @param {String} namespace
+	* @return {Function}
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function createDebug(namespace) {
+		let prevTime;
+		let enableOverride = null;
+
+		function debug(...args) {
+			// Disabled?
+			if (!debug.enabled) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const self = debug;
+
+			// Set `diff` timestamp
+			const curr = Number(new Date());
+			const ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
+			self.diff = ms;
+			self.prev = prevTime;
+			self.curr = curr;
+			prevTime = curr;
+
+			args[0] = createDebug.coerce(args[0]);
+
+			if (typeof args[0] !== 'string') {
+				// Anything else let's inspect with %O
+				args.unshift('%O');
+			}
+
+			// Apply any `formatters` transformations
+			let index = 0;
+			args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-zA-Z%])/g, (match, format) => {
+				// If we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
+				if (match === '%%') {
+					return '%';
+				}
+				index++;
+				const formatter = createDebug.formatters[format];
+				if (typeof formatter === 'function') {
+					const val = args[index];
+					match = formatter.call(self, val);
+
+					// Now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
+					args.splice(index, 1);
+					index--;
+				}
+				return match;
+			});
+
+			// Apply env-specific formatting (colors, etc.)
+			createDebug.formatArgs.call(self, args);
+
+			const logFn = self.log || createDebug.log;
+			logFn.apply(self, args);
+		}
+
+		debug.namespace = namespace;
+		debug.useColors = createDebug.useColors();
+		debug.color = createDebug.selectColor(namespace);
+		debug.extend = extend;
+		debug.destroy = createDebug.destroy; // XXX Temporary. Will be removed in the next major release.
+
+		Object.defineProperty(debug, 'enabled', {
+			enumerable: true,
+			configurable: false,
+			get: () => enableOverride === null ? createDebug.enabled(namespace) : enableOverride,
+			set: v => {
+				enableOverride = v;
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Env-specific initialization logic for debug instances
+		if (typeof createDebug.init === 'function') {
+			createDebug.init(debug);
+		}
+
+		return debug;
+	}
+
+	function extend(namespace, delimiter) {
+		const newDebug = createDebug(this.namespace + (typeof delimiter === 'undefined' ? ':' : delimiter) + namespace);
+		newDebug.log = this.log;
+		return newDebug;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
+	* separated by a colon and wildcards.
+	*
+	* @param {String} namespaces
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function enable(namespaces) {
+		createDebug.save(namespaces);
+
+		createDebug.names = [];
+		createDebug.skips = [];
+
+		let i;
+		const split = (typeof namespaces === 'string' ? namespaces : '').split(/[\s,]+/);
+		const len = split.length;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+			if (!split[i]) {
+				// ignore empty strings
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
+
+			if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
+				createDebug.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.substr(1) + '$'));
+			} else {
+				createDebug.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Disable debug output.
+	*
+	* @return {String} namespaces
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function disable() {
+		const namespaces = [
+			...createDebug.names.map(toNamespace),
+			...createDebug.skips.map(toNamespace).map(namespace => '-' + namespace)
+		].join(',');
+		createDebug.enable('');
+		return namespaces;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
+	*
+	* @param {String} name
+	* @return {Boolean}
+	* @api public
+	*/
+	function enabled(name) {
+		if (name[name.length - 1] === '*') {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		let i;
+		let len;
+
+		for (i = 0, len = createDebug.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
+			if (createDebug.skips[i].test(name)) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0, len = createDebug.names.length; i < len; i++) {
+			if (createDebug.names[i].test(name)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Convert regexp to namespace
+	*
+	* @param {RegExp} regxep
+	* @return {String} namespace
+	* @api private
+	*/
+	function toNamespace(regexp) {
+		return regexp.toString()
+			.substring(2, regexp.toString().length - 2)
+			.replace(/\.\*\?$/, '*');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* Coerce `val`.
+	*
+	* @param {Mixed} val
+	* @return {Mixed}
+	* @api private
+	*/
+	function coerce(val) {
+		if (val instanceof Error) {
+			return val.stack || val.message;
+		}
+		return val;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* XXX DO NOT USE. This is a temporary stub function.
+	* XXX It WILL be removed in the next major release.
+	*/
+	function destroy() {
+		console.warn('Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.');
+	}
+
+	createDebug.enable(createDebug.load());
+
+	return createDebug;
+}
+
+module.exports = setup;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/index.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf4c57f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * Detect Electron renderer / nwjs process, which is node, but we should
+ * treat as a browser.
+ */
+
+if (typeof process === 'undefined' || process.type === 'renderer' || process.browser === true || process.__nwjs) {
+	module.exports = require('./browser.js');
+} else {
+	module.exports = require('./node.js');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/node.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79bc085cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const tty = require('tty');
+const util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * This is the Node.js implementation of `debug()`.
+ */
+
+exports.init = init;
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.destroy = util.deprecate(
+	() => {},
+	'Instance method `debug.destroy()` is deprecated and no longer does anything. It will be removed in the next major version of `debug`.'
+);
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1];
+
+try {
+	// Optional dependency (as in, doesn't need to be installed, NOT like optionalDependencies in package.json)
+	// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
+	const supportsColor = require('supports-color');
+
+	if (supportsColor && (supportsColor.stderr || supportsColor).level >= 2) {
+		exports.colors = [
+			20,
+			21,
+			26,
+			27,
+			32,
+			33,
+			38,
+			39,
+			40,
+			41,
+			42,
+			43,
+			44,
+			45,
+			56,
+			57,
+			62,
+			63,
+			68,
+			69,
+			74,
+			75,
+			76,
+			77,
+			78,
+			79,
+			80,
+			81,
+			92,
+			93,
+			98,
+			99,
+			112,
+			113,
+			128,
+			129,
+			134,
+			135,
+			148,
+			149,
+			160,
+			161,
+			162,
+			163,
+			164,
+			165,
+			166,
+			167,
+			168,
+			169,
+			170,
+			171,
+			172,
+			173,
+			178,
+			179,
+			184,
+			185,
+			196,
+			197,
+			198,
+			199,
+			200,
+			201,
+			202,
+			203,
+			204,
+			205,
+			206,
+			207,
+			208,
+			209,
+			214,
+			215,
+			220,
+			221
+		];
+	}
+} catch (error) {
+	// Swallow - we only care if `supports-color` is available; it doesn't have to be.
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build up the default `inspectOpts` object from the environment variables.
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_COLORS=no DEBUG_DEPTH=10 DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN=enabled node script.js
+ */
+
+exports.inspectOpts = Object.keys(process.env).filter(key => {
+	return /^debug_/i.test(key);
+}).reduce((obj, key) => {
+	// Camel-case
+	const prop = key
+		.substring(6)
+		.toLowerCase()
+		.replace(/_([a-z])/g, (_, k) => {
+			return k.toUpperCase();
+		});
+
+	// Coerce string value into JS value
+	let val = process.env[key];
+	if (/^(yes|on|true|enabled)$/i.test(val)) {
+		val = true;
+	} else if (/^(no|off|false|disabled)$/i.test(val)) {
+		val = false;
+	} else if (val === 'null') {
+		val = null;
+	} else {
+		val = Number(val);
+	}
+
+	obj[prop] = val;
+	return obj;
+}, {});
+
+/**
+ * Is stdout a TTY? Colored output is enabled when `true`.
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+	return 'colors' in exports.inspectOpts ?
+		Boolean(exports.inspectOpts.colors) :
+		tty.isatty(process.stderr.fd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds ANSI color escape codes if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+	const {namespace: name, useColors} = this;
+
+	if (useColors) {
+		const c = this.color;
+		const colorCode = '\u001B[3' + (c < 8 ? c : '8;5;' + c);
+		const prefix = `  ${colorCode};1m${name} \u001B[0m`;
+
+		args[0] = prefix + args[0].split('\n').join('\n' + prefix);
+		args.push(colorCode + 'm+' + module.exports.humanize(this.diff) + '\u001B[0m');
+	} else {
+		args[0] = getDate() + name + ' ' + args[0];
+	}
+}
+
+function getDate() {
+	if (exports.inspectOpts.hideDate) {
+		return '';
+	}
+	return new Date().toISOString() + ' ';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `util.format()` with the specified arguments and writes to stderr.
+ */
+
+function log(...args) {
+	return process.stderr.write(util.format(...args) + '\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+function save(namespaces) {
+	if (namespaces) {
+		process.env.DEBUG = namespaces;
+	} else {
+		// If you set a process.env field to null or undefined, it gets cast to the
+		// string 'null' or 'undefined'. Just delete instead.
+		delete process.env.DEBUG;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+	return process.env.DEBUG;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Init logic for `debug` instances.
+ *
+ * Create a new `inspectOpts` object in case `useColors` is set
+ * differently for a particular `debug` instance.
+ */
+
+function init(debug) {
+	debug.inspectOpts = {};
+
+	const keys = Object.keys(exports.inspectOpts);
+	for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+		debug.inspectOpts[keys[i]] = exports.inspectOpts[keys[i]];
+	}
+}
+
+module.exports = require('./common')(exports);
+
+const {formatters} = module.exports;
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, all on a single line.
+ */
+
+formatters.o = function (v) {
+	this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+	return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts)
+		.split('\n')
+		.map(str => str.trim())
+		.join(' ');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map %O to `util.inspect()`, allowing multiple lines if needed.
+ */
+
+formatters.O = function (v) {
+	this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+	return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/index.js b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4498bcc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var w = d * 7;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isFinite(val)) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^(-?(?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'weeks':
+    case 'week':
+    case 'w':
+      return n * w;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, d, 'day');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, h, 'hour');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, m, 'minute');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, s, 'second');
+  }
+  return ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, msAbs, n, name) {
+  var isPlural = msAbs >= n * 1.5;
+  return Math.round(ms / n) + ' ' + name + (isPlural ? 's' : '');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/license.md b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b61253a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Zeit, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/package.json b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e7f8b985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_id": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w==",
+  "_location": "/https-proxy-agent/ms",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ms@2.1.2",
+    "name": "ms",
+    "escapedName": "ms",
+    "rawSpec": "2.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/https-proxy-agent/debug"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d09d1f357b443f493382a8eb3ccd183872ae6009",
+  "_spec": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\https-proxy-agent\\node_modules\\debug",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/zeit/ms/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Tiny millisecond conversion utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "4.12.1",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.14.3",
+    "lint-staged": "5.0.0",
+    "mocha": "4.0.1"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/zeit/ms#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "ms",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/zeit/ms.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a1996b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/node_modules/ms/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# ms
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms)
+[![Join the community on Spectrum](https://withspectrum.github.io/badge/badge.svg)](https://spectrum.chat/zeit)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+ms('-3 days') // -259200000
+ms('-1h')     // -3600000
+ms('-200')    // -200
+```
+
+### Convert from Milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(-3 * 60000)        // "-3m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time Format Written-Out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(-3 * 60000, { long: true })        // "-3 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`)
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent milliseconds is returned
+
+## Related Packages
+
+- [ms.macro](https://github.com/knpwrs/ms.macro) - Run `ms` as a macro at build-time.
+
+## Caught a Bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, Node.js will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/package.json b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c2db453a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/https-proxy-agent/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "_from": "https-proxy-agent@^5.0.0",
+  "_id": "https-proxy-agent@5.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-EkYm5BcKUGiduxzSt3Eppko+PiNWNEpa4ySk9vTC6wDsQJW9rHSa+UhGNJoRYp7bz6Ht1eaRIa6QaJqO5rCFbA==",
+  "_location": "/https-proxy-agent",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "https-proxy-agent@^5.0.0",
+    "name": "https-proxy-agent",
+    "escapedName": "https-proxy-agent",
+    "rawSpec": "^5.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/https-proxy-agent/-/https-proxy-agent-5.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e2a90542abb68a762e0a0850f6c9edadfd8506b2",
+  "_spec": "https-proxy-agent@^5.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+    "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+    "url": "http://n8.io/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-https-proxy-agent/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "agent-base": "6",
+    "debug": "4"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "An HTTP(s) proxy `http.Agent` implementation for HTTPS",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/debug": "4",
+    "@types/node": "^12.12.11",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "1.6.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "1.1.0",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-airbnb": "17.1.0",
+    "eslint-config-prettier": "4.1.0",
+    "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "1.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.16.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "6.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-react": "7.12.4",
+    "mocha": "^6.2.2",
+    "proxy": "1",
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.0",
+    "typescript": "^3.5.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "dist"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-https-proxy-agent#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "https",
+    "proxy",
+    "endpoint",
+    "agent"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "dist/index",
+  "name": "https-proxy-agent",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/TooTallNate/node-https-proxy-agent.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc",
+    "prebuild": "rimraf dist",
+    "prepublishOnly": "npm run build",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec",
+    "test-lint": "eslint src --ext .js,.ts"
+  },
+  "types": "dist/index",
+  "version": "5.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/Changelog.md b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/Changelog.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f252313f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/Changelog.md
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# 0.4.24 / 2018-08-22
+
+  * Added MIK encoding (#196, by @Ivan-Kalatchev)
+
+
+# 0.4.23 / 2018-05-07
+
+  * Fix deprecation warning in Node v10 due to the last usage of `new Buffer` (#185, by @felixbuenemann)
+  * Switched from NodeBuffer to Buffer in typings (#155 by @felixfbecker, #186 by @larssn)
+
+
+# 0.4.22 / 2018-05-05
+
+  * Use older semver style for dependencies to be compatible with Node version 0.10 (#182, by @dougwilson)
+  * Fix tests to accomodate fixes in Node v10 (#182, by @dougwilson)
+
+
+# 0.4.21 / 2018-04-06
+
+  * Fix encoding canonicalization (#156)
+  * Fix the paths in the "browser" field in package.json (#174 by @LMLB)
+  * Removed "contributors" section in package.json - see Git history instead.
+
+
+# 0.4.20 / 2018-04-06
+
+  * Updated `new Buffer()` usages with recommended replacements as it's being deprecated in Node v10 (#176, #178 by @ChALkeR)
+
+
+# 0.4.19 / 2017-09-09
+
+  * Fixed iso8859-1 codec regression in handling untranslatable characters (#162, caused by #147)
+  * Re-generated windows1255 codec, because it was updated in iconv project
+  * Fixed grammar in error message when iconv-lite is loaded with encoding other than utf8
+
+
+# 0.4.18 / 2017-06-13
+
+  * Fixed CESU-8 regression in Node v8.
+
+
+# 0.4.17 / 2017-04-22
+
+ * Updated typescript definition file to support Angular 2 AoT mode (#153 by @larssn)
+
+
+# 0.4.16 / 2017-04-22
+
+ * Added support for React Native (#150)
+ * Changed iso8859-1 encoding to usine internal 'binary' encoding, as it's the same thing (#147 by @mscdex)
+ * Fixed typo in Readme (#138 by @jiangzhuo)
+ * Fixed build for Node v6.10+ by making correct version comparison
+ * Added a warning if iconv-lite is loaded not as utf-8 (see #142)
+
+
+# 0.4.15 / 2016-11-21
+
+ * Fixed typescript type definition (#137)
+
+
+# 0.4.14 / 2016-11-20
+
+ * Preparation for v1.0
+ * Added Node v6 and latest Node versions to Travis CI test rig
+ * Deprecated Node v0.8 support
+ * Typescript typings (@larssn)
+ * Fix encoding of Euro character in GB 18030 (inspired by @lygstate)
+ * Add ms prefix to dbcs windows encodings (@rokoroku)
+
+
+# 0.4.13 / 2015-10-01
+
+ * Fix silly mistake in deprecation notice.
+
+
+# 0.4.12 / 2015-09-26
+
+ * Node v4 support:
+   * Added CESU-8 decoding (#106)
+   * Added deprecation notice for `extendNodeEncodings`
+   * Added Travis tests for Node v4 and io.js latest (#105 by @Mithgol)
+
+
+# 0.4.11 / 2015-07-03
+
+ * Added CESU-8 encoding.
+
+
+# 0.4.10 / 2015-05-26
+
+ * Changed UTF-16 endianness heuristic to take into account any ASCII chars, not
+   just spaces. This should minimize the importance of "default" endianness.
+
+
+# 0.4.9 / 2015-05-24
+
+ * Streamlined BOM handling: strip BOM by default, add BOM when encoding if 
+   addBOM: true. Added docs to Readme.
+ * UTF16 now uses UTF16-LE by default.
+ * Fixed minor issue with big5 encoding.
+ * Added io.js testing on Travis; updated node-iconv version to test against.
+   Now we just skip testing SBCS encodings that node-iconv doesn't support.
+ * (internal refactoring) Updated codec interface to use classes.
+ * Use strict mode in all files.
+
+
+# 0.4.8 / 2015-04-14
+ 
+ * added alias UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7 for UTF-7 encoding (#94)
+
+
+# 0.4.7 / 2015-02-05
+
+ * stop official support of Node.js v0.8. Should still work, but no guarantees.
+   reason: Packages needed for testing are hard to get on Travis CI.
+ * work in environment where Object.prototype is monkey patched with enumerable 
+   props (#89).
+
+
+# 0.4.6 / 2015-01-12
+ 
+ * fix rare aliases of single-byte encodings (thanks @mscdex)
+ * double the timeout for dbcs tests to make them less flaky on travis
+
+
+# 0.4.5 / 2014-11-20
+
+ * fix windows-31j and x-sjis encoding support (@nleush)
+ * minor fix: undefined variable reference when internal error happens
+
+
+# 0.4.4 / 2014-07-16
+
+ * added encodings UTF-7 (RFC2152) and UTF-7-IMAP (RFC3501 Section 5.1.3)
+ * fixed streaming base64 encoding
+
+
+# 0.4.3 / 2014-06-14
+
+ * added encodings UTF-16BE and UTF-16 with BOM
+
+
+# 0.4.2 / 2014-06-12
+
+ * don't throw exception if `extendNodeEncodings()` is called more than once
+
+
+# 0.4.1 / 2014-06-11
+
+ * codepage 808 added
+
+
+# 0.4.0 / 2014-06-10
+
+ * code is rewritten from scratch
+ * all widespread encodings are supported
+ * streaming interface added
+ * browserify compatibility added
+ * (optional) extend core primitive encodings to make usage even simpler
+ * moved from vows to mocha as the testing framework
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d518d8376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Copyright (c) 2011 Alexander Shtuchkin
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/README.md b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c981c3708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+## Pure JS character encoding conversion [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite)
+
+ * Doesn't need native code compilation. Works on Windows and in sandboxed environments like [Cloud9](http://c9.io).
+ * Used in popular projects like [Express.js (body_parser)](https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser), 
+   [Grunt](http://gruntjs.com/), [Nodemailer](http://www.nodemailer.com/), [Yeoman](http://yeoman.io/) and others.
+ * Faster than [node-iconv](https://github.com/bnoordhuis/node-iconv) (see below for performance comparison).
+ * Intuitive encode/decode API
+ * Streaming support for Node v0.10+
+ * [Deprecated] Can extend Node.js primitives (buffers, streams) to support all iconv-lite encodings.
+ * In-browser usage via [Browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify) (~180k gzip compressed with Buffer shim included).
+ * Typescript [type definition file](https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/blob/master/lib/index.d.ts) included.
+ * React Native is supported (need to explicitly `npm install` two more modules: `buffer` and `stream`).
+ * License: MIT.
+
+[![NPM Stats](https://nodei.co/npm/iconv-lite.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://npmjs.org/packages/iconv-lite/)
+
+## Usage
+### Basic API
+```javascript
+var iconv = require('iconv-lite');
+
+// Convert from an encoded buffer to js string.
+str = iconv.decode(Buffer.from([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f]), 'win1251');
+
+// Convert from js string to an encoded buffer.
+buf = iconv.encode("Sample input string", 'win1251');
+
+// Check if encoding is supported
+iconv.encodingExists("us-ascii")
+```
+
+### Streaming API (Node v0.10+)
+```javascript
+
+// Decode stream (from binary stream to js strings)
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+    var converterStream = iconv.decodeStream('win1251');
+    req.pipe(converterStream);
+
+    converterStream.on('data', function(str) {
+        console.log(str); // Do something with decoded strings, chunk-by-chunk.
+    });
+});
+
+// Convert encoding streaming example
+fs.createReadStream('file-in-win1251.txt')
+    .pipe(iconv.decodeStream('win1251'))
+    .pipe(iconv.encodeStream('ucs2'))
+    .pipe(fs.createWriteStream('file-in-ucs2.txt'));
+
+// Sugar: all encode/decode streams have .collect(cb) method to accumulate data.
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+    req.pipe(iconv.decodeStream('win1251')).collect(function(err, body) {
+        assert(typeof body == 'string');
+        console.log(body); // full request body string
+    });
+});
+```
+
+### [Deprecated] Extend Node.js own encodings
+> NOTE: This doesn't work on latest Node versions. See [details](https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/wiki/Node-v4-compatibility).
+
+```javascript
+// After this call all Node basic primitives will understand iconv-lite encodings.
+iconv.extendNodeEncodings();
+
+// Examples:
+buf = new Buffer(str, 'win1251');
+buf.write(str, 'gbk');
+str = buf.toString('latin1');
+assert(Buffer.isEncoding('iso-8859-15'));
+Buffer.byteLength(str, 'us-ascii');
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res) {
+    req.setEncoding('big5');
+    req.collect(function(err, body) {
+        console.log(body);
+    });
+});
+
+fs.createReadStream("file.txt", "shift_jis");
+
+// External modules are also supported (if they use Node primitives, which they probably do).
+request = require('request');
+request({
+    url: "http://github.com/", 
+    encoding: "cp932"
+});
+
+// To remove extensions
+iconv.undoExtendNodeEncodings();
+```
+
+## Supported encodings
+
+ *  All node.js native encodings: utf8, ucs2 / utf16-le, ascii, binary, base64, hex.
+ *  Additional unicode encodings: utf16, utf16-be, utf-7, utf-7-imap.
+ *  All widespread singlebyte encodings: Windows 125x family, ISO-8859 family, 
+    IBM/DOS codepages, Macintosh family, KOI8 family, all others supported by iconv library. 
+    Aliases like 'latin1', 'us-ascii' also supported.
+ *  All widespread multibyte encodings: CP932, CP936, CP949, CP950, GB2312, GBK, GB18030, Big5, Shift_JIS, EUC-JP.
+
+See [all supported encodings on wiki](https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/wiki/Supported-Encodings).
+
+Most singlebyte encodings are generated automatically from [node-iconv](https://github.com/bnoordhuis/node-iconv). Thank you Ben Noordhuis and libiconv authors!
+
+Multibyte encodings are generated from [Unicode.org mappings](http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/) and [WHATWG Encoding Standard mappings](http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/). Thank you, respective authors!
+
+
+## Encoding/decoding speed
+
+Comparison with node-iconv module (1000x256kb, on MacBook Pro, Core i5/2.6 GHz, Node v0.12.0). 
+Note: your results may vary, so please always check on your hardware.
+
+    operation             iconv@2.1.4   iconv-lite@0.4.7
+    ----------------------------------------------------------
+    encode('win1251')     ~96 Mb/s      ~320 Mb/s
+    decode('win1251')     ~95 Mb/s      ~246 Mb/s
+
+## BOM handling
+
+ * Decoding: BOM is stripped by default, unless overridden by passing `stripBOM: false` in options
+   (f.ex. `iconv.decode(buf, enc, {stripBOM: false})`).
+   A callback might also be given as a `stripBOM` parameter - it'll be called if BOM character was actually found.
+ * If you want to detect UTF-8 BOM when decoding other encodings, use [node-autodetect-decoder-stream](https://github.com/danielgindi/node-autodetect-decoder-stream) module.
+ * Encoding: No BOM added, unless overridden by `addBOM: true` option.
+
+## UTF-16 Encodings
+
+This library supports UTF-16LE, UTF-16BE and UTF-16 encodings. First two are straightforward, but UTF-16 is trying to be
+smart about endianness in the following ways:
+ * Decoding: uses BOM and 'spaces heuristic' to determine input endianness. Default is UTF-16LE, but can be 
+   overridden with `defaultEncoding: 'utf-16be'` option. Strips BOM unless `stripBOM: false`.
+ * Encoding: uses UTF-16LE and writes BOM by default. Use `addBOM: false` to override.
+
+## Other notes
+
+When decoding, be sure to supply a Buffer to decode() method, otherwise [bad things usually happen](https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/wiki/Use-Buffers-when-decoding).  
+Untranslatable characters are set to � or ?. No transliteration is currently supported.  
+Node versions 0.10.31 and 0.11.13 are buggy, don't use them (see #65, #77).  
+
+## Testing
+
+```bash
+$ git clone git@github.com:ashtuchkin/iconv-lite.git
+$ cd iconv-lite
+$ npm install
+$ npm test
+    
+$ # To view performance:
+$ node test/performance.js
+
+$ # To view test coverage:
+$ npm run coverage
+$ open coverage/lcov-report/index.html
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/dbcs-codec.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/dbcs-codec.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fe3e1601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/dbcs-codec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+"use strict";
+var Buffer = require("safer-buffer").Buffer;
+
+// Multibyte codec. In this scheme, a character is represented by 1 or more bytes.
+// Our codec supports UTF-16 surrogates, extensions for GB18030 and unicode sequences.
+// To save memory and loading time, we read table files only when requested.
+
+exports._dbcs = DBCSCodec;
+
+var UNASSIGNED = -1,
+    GB18030_CODE = -2,
+    SEQ_START  = -10,
+    NODE_START = -1000,
+    UNASSIGNED_NODE = new Array(0x100),
+    DEF_CHAR = -1;
+
+for (var i = 0; i < 0x100; i++)
+    UNASSIGNED_NODE[i] = UNASSIGNED;
+
+
+// Class DBCSCodec reads and initializes mapping tables.
+function DBCSCodec(codecOptions, iconv) {
+    this.encodingName = codecOptions.encodingName;
+    if (!codecOptions)
+        throw new Error("DBCS codec is called without the data.")
+    if (!codecOptions.table)
+        throw new Error("Encoding '" + this.encodingName + "' has no data.");
+
+    // Load tables.
+    var mappingTable = codecOptions.table();
+
+
+    // Decode tables: MBCS -> Unicode.
+
+    // decodeTables is a trie, encoded as an array of arrays of integers. Internal arrays are trie nodes and all have len = 256.
+    // Trie root is decodeTables[0].
+    // Values: >=  0 -> unicode character code. can be > 0xFFFF
+    //         == UNASSIGNED -> unknown/unassigned sequence.
+    //         == GB18030_CODE -> this is the end of a GB18030 4-byte sequence.
+    //         <= NODE_START -> index of the next node in our trie to process next byte.
+    //         <= SEQ_START  -> index of the start of a character code sequence, in decodeTableSeq.
+    this.decodeTables = [];
+    this.decodeTables[0] = UNASSIGNED_NODE.slice(0); // Create root node.
+
+    // Sometimes a MBCS char corresponds to a sequence of unicode chars. We store them as arrays of integers here. 
+    this.decodeTableSeq = [];
+
+    // Actual mapping tables consist of chunks. Use them to fill up decode tables.
+    for (var i = 0; i < mappingTable.length; i++)
+        this._addDecodeChunk(mappingTable[i]);
+
+    this.defaultCharUnicode = iconv.defaultCharUnicode;
+
+    
+    // Encode tables: Unicode -> DBCS.
+
+    // `encodeTable` is array mapping from unicode char to encoded char. All its values are integers for performance.
+    // Because it can be sparse, it is represented as array of buckets by 256 chars each. Bucket can be null.
+    // Values: >=  0 -> it is a normal char. Write the value (if <=256 then 1 byte, if <=65536 then 2 bytes, etc.).
+    //         == UNASSIGNED -> no conversion found. Output a default char.
+    //         <= SEQ_START  -> it's an index in encodeTableSeq, see below. The character starts a sequence.
+    this.encodeTable = [];
+    
+    // `encodeTableSeq` is used when a sequence of unicode characters is encoded as a single code. We use a tree of
+    // objects where keys correspond to characters in sequence and leafs are the encoded dbcs values. A special DEF_CHAR key
+    // means end of sequence (needed when one sequence is a strict subsequence of another).
+    // Objects are kept separately from encodeTable to increase performance.
+    this.encodeTableSeq = [];
+
+    // Some chars can be decoded, but need not be encoded.
+    var skipEncodeChars = {};
+    if (codecOptions.encodeSkipVals)
+        for (var i = 0; i < codecOptions.encodeSkipVals.length; i++) {
+            var val = codecOptions.encodeSkipVals[i];
+            if (typeof val === 'number')
+                skipEncodeChars[val] = true;
+            else
+                for (var j = val.from; j <= val.to; j++)
+                    skipEncodeChars[j] = true;
+        }
+        
+    // Use decode trie to recursively fill out encode tables.
+    this._fillEncodeTable(0, 0, skipEncodeChars);
+
+    // Add more encoding pairs when needed.
+    if (codecOptions.encodeAdd) {
+        for (var uChar in codecOptions.encodeAdd)
+            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(codecOptions.encodeAdd, uChar))
+                this._setEncodeChar(uChar.charCodeAt(0), codecOptions.encodeAdd[uChar]);
+    }
+
+    this.defCharSB  = this.encodeTable[0][iconv.defaultCharSingleByte.charCodeAt(0)];
+    if (this.defCharSB === UNASSIGNED) this.defCharSB = this.encodeTable[0]['?'];
+    if (this.defCharSB === UNASSIGNED) this.defCharSB = "?".charCodeAt(0);
+
+
+    // Load & create GB18030 tables when needed.
+    if (typeof codecOptions.gb18030 === 'function') {
+        this.gb18030 = codecOptions.gb18030(); // Load GB18030 ranges.
+
+        // Add GB18030 decode tables.
+        var thirdByteNodeIdx = this.decodeTables.length;
+        var thirdByteNode = this.decodeTables[thirdByteNodeIdx] = UNASSIGNED_NODE.slice(0);
+
+        var fourthByteNodeIdx = this.decodeTables.length;
+        var fourthByteNode = this.decodeTables[fourthByteNodeIdx] = UNASSIGNED_NODE.slice(0);
+
+        for (var i = 0x81; i <= 0xFE; i++) {
+            var secondByteNodeIdx = NODE_START - this.decodeTables[0][i];
+            var secondByteNode = this.decodeTables[secondByteNodeIdx];
+            for (var j = 0x30; j <= 0x39; j++)
+                secondByteNode[j] = NODE_START - thirdByteNodeIdx;
+        }
+        for (var i = 0x81; i <= 0xFE; i++)
+            thirdByteNode[i] = NODE_START - fourthByteNodeIdx;
+        for (var i = 0x30; i <= 0x39; i++)
+            fourthByteNode[i] = GB18030_CODE
+    }        
+}
+
+DBCSCodec.prototype.encoder = DBCSEncoder;
+DBCSCodec.prototype.decoder = DBCSDecoder;
+
+// Decoder helpers
+DBCSCodec.prototype._getDecodeTrieNode = function(addr) {
+    var bytes = [];
+    for (; addr > 0; addr >>= 8)
+        bytes.push(addr & 0xFF);
+    if (bytes.length == 0)
+        bytes.push(0);
+
+    var node = this.decodeTables[0];
+    for (var i = bytes.length-1; i > 0; i--) { // Traverse nodes deeper into the trie.
+        var val = node[bytes[i]];
+
+        if (val == UNASSIGNED) { // Create new node.
+            node[bytes[i]] = NODE_START - this.decodeTables.length;
+            this.decodeTables.push(node = UNASSIGNED_NODE.slice(0));
+        }
+        else if (val <= NODE_START) { // Existing node.
+            node = this.decodeTables[NODE_START - val];
+        }
+        else
+            throw new Error("Overwrite byte in " + this.encodingName + ", addr: " + addr.toString(16));
+    }
+    return node;
+}
+
+
+DBCSCodec.prototype._addDecodeChunk = function(chunk) {
+    // First element of chunk is the hex mbcs code where we start.
+    var curAddr = parseInt(chunk[0], 16);
+
+    // Choose the decoding node where we'll write our chars.
+    var writeTable = this._getDecodeTrieNode(curAddr);
+    curAddr = curAddr & 0xFF;
+
+    // Write all other elements of the chunk to the table.
+    for (var k = 1; k < chunk.length; k++) {
+        var part = chunk[k];
+        if (typeof part === "string") { // String, write as-is.
+            for (var l = 0; l < part.length;) {
+                var code = part.charCodeAt(l++);
+                if (0xD800 <= code && code < 0xDC00) { // Decode surrogate
+                    var codeTrail = part.charCodeAt(l++);
+                    if (0xDC00 <= codeTrail && codeTrail < 0xE000)
+                        writeTable[curAddr++] = 0x10000 + (code - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (codeTrail - 0xDC00);
+                    else
+                        throw new Error("Incorrect surrogate pair in "  + this.encodingName + " at chunk " + chunk[0]);
+                }
+                else if (0x0FF0 < code && code <= 0x0FFF) { // Character sequence (our own encoding used)
+                    var len = 0xFFF - code + 2;
+                    var seq = [];
+                    for (var m = 0; m < len; m++)
+                        seq.push(part.charCodeAt(l++)); // Simple variation: don't support surrogates or subsequences in seq.
+
+                    writeTable[curAddr++] = SEQ_START - this.decodeTableSeq.length;
+                    this.decodeTableSeq.push(seq);
+                }
+                else
+                    writeTable[curAddr++] = code; // Basic char
+            }
+        } 
+        else if (typeof part === "number") { // Integer, meaning increasing sequence starting with prev character.
+            var charCode = writeTable[curAddr - 1] + 1;
+            for (var l = 0; l < part; l++)
+                writeTable[curAddr++] = charCode++;
+        }
+        else
+            throw new Error("Incorrect type '" + typeof part + "' given in "  + this.encodingName + " at chunk " + chunk[0]);
+    }
+    if (curAddr > 0xFF)
+        throw new Error("Incorrect chunk in "  + this.encodingName + " at addr " + chunk[0] + ": too long" + curAddr);
+}
+
+// Encoder helpers
+DBCSCodec.prototype._getEncodeBucket = function(uCode) {
+    var high = uCode >> 8; // This could be > 0xFF because of astral characters.
+    if (this.encodeTable[high] === undefined)
+        this.encodeTable[high] = UNASSIGNED_NODE.slice(0); // Create bucket on demand.
+    return this.encodeTable[high];
+}
+
+DBCSCodec.prototype._setEncodeChar = function(uCode, dbcsCode) {
+    var bucket = this._getEncodeBucket(uCode);
+    var low = uCode & 0xFF;
+    if (bucket[low] <= SEQ_START)
+        this.encodeTableSeq[SEQ_START-bucket[low]][DEF_CHAR] = dbcsCode; // There's already a sequence, set a single-char subsequence of it.
+    else if (bucket[low] == UNASSIGNED)
+        bucket[low] = dbcsCode;
+}
+
+DBCSCodec.prototype._setEncodeSequence = function(seq, dbcsCode) {
+    
+    // Get the root of character tree according to first character of the sequence.
+    var uCode = seq[0];
+    var bucket = this._getEncodeBucket(uCode);
+    var low = uCode & 0xFF;
+
+    var node;
+    if (bucket[low] <= SEQ_START) {
+        // There's already a sequence with  - use it.
+        node = this.encodeTableSeq[SEQ_START-bucket[low]];
+    }
+    else {
+        // There was no sequence object - allocate a new one.
+        node = {};
+        if (bucket[low] !== UNASSIGNED) node[DEF_CHAR] = bucket[low]; // If a char was set before - make it a single-char subsequence.
+        bucket[low] = SEQ_START - this.encodeTableSeq.length;
+        this.encodeTableSeq.push(node);
+    }
+
+    // Traverse the character tree, allocating new nodes as needed.
+    for (var j = 1; j < seq.length-1; j++) {
+        var oldVal = node[uCode];
+        if (typeof oldVal === 'object')
+            node = oldVal;
+        else {
+            node = node[uCode] = {}
+            if (oldVal !== undefined)
+                node[DEF_CHAR] = oldVal
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Set the leaf to given dbcsCode.
+    uCode = seq[seq.length-1];
+    node[uCode] = dbcsCode;
+}
+
+DBCSCodec.prototype._fillEncodeTable = function(nodeIdx, prefix, skipEncodeChars) {
+    var node = this.decodeTables[nodeIdx];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 0x100; i++) {
+        var uCode = node[i];
+        var mbCode = prefix + i;
+        if (skipEncodeChars[mbCode])
+            continue;
+
+        if (uCode >= 0)
+            this._setEncodeChar(uCode, mbCode);
+        else if (uCode <= NODE_START)
+            this._fillEncodeTable(NODE_START - uCode, mbCode << 8, skipEncodeChars);
+        else if (uCode <= SEQ_START)
+            this._setEncodeSequence(this.decodeTableSeq[SEQ_START - uCode], mbCode);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+// == Encoder ==================================================================
+
+function DBCSEncoder(options, codec) {
+    // Encoder state
+    this.leadSurrogate = -1;
+    this.seqObj = undefined;
+    
+    // Static data
+    this.encodeTable = codec.encodeTable;
+    this.encodeTableSeq = codec.encodeTableSeq;
+    this.defaultCharSingleByte = codec.defCharSB;
+    this.gb18030 = codec.gb18030;
+}
+
+DBCSEncoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    var newBuf = Buffer.alloc(str.length * (this.gb18030 ? 4 : 3)),
+        leadSurrogate = this.leadSurrogate,
+        seqObj = this.seqObj, nextChar = -1,
+        i = 0, j = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+        // 0. Get next character.
+        if (nextChar === -1) {
+            if (i == str.length) break;
+            var uCode = str.charCodeAt(i++);
+        }
+        else {
+            var uCode = nextChar;
+            nextChar = -1;    
+        }
+
+        // 1. Handle surrogates.
+        if (0xD800 <= uCode && uCode < 0xE000) { // Char is one of surrogates.
+            if (uCode < 0xDC00) { // We've got lead surrogate.
+                if (leadSurrogate === -1) {
+                    leadSurrogate = uCode;
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    leadSurrogate = uCode;
+                    // Double lead surrogate found.
+                    uCode = UNASSIGNED;
+                }
+            } else { // We've got trail surrogate.
+                if (leadSurrogate !== -1) {
+                    uCode = 0x10000 + (leadSurrogate - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (uCode - 0xDC00);
+                    leadSurrogate = -1;
+                } else {
+                    // Incomplete surrogate pair - only trail surrogate found.
+                    uCode = UNASSIGNED;
+                }
+                
+            }
+        }
+        else if (leadSurrogate !== -1) {
+            // Incomplete surrogate pair - only lead surrogate found.
+            nextChar = uCode; uCode = UNASSIGNED; // Write an error, then current char.
+            leadSurrogate = -1;
+        }
+
+        // 2. Convert uCode character.
+        var dbcsCode = UNASSIGNED;
+        if (seqObj !== undefined && uCode != UNASSIGNED) { // We are in the middle of the sequence
+            var resCode = seqObj[uCode];
+            if (typeof resCode === 'object') { // Sequence continues.
+                seqObj = resCode;
+                continue;
+
+            } else if (typeof resCode == 'number') { // Sequence finished. Write it.
+                dbcsCode = resCode;
+
+            } else if (resCode == undefined) { // Current character is not part of the sequence.
+
+                // Try default character for this sequence
+                resCode = seqObj[DEF_CHAR];
+                if (resCode !== undefined) {
+                    dbcsCode = resCode; // Found. Write it.
+                    nextChar = uCode; // Current character will be written too in the next iteration.
+
+                } else {
+                    // TODO: What if we have no default? (resCode == undefined)
+                    // Then, we should write first char of the sequence as-is and try the rest recursively.
+                    // Didn't do it for now because no encoding has this situation yet.
+                    // Currently, just skip the sequence and write current char.
+                }
+            }
+            seqObj = undefined;
+        }
+        else if (uCode >= 0) {  // Regular character
+            var subtable = this.encodeTable[uCode >> 8];
+            if (subtable !== undefined)
+                dbcsCode = subtable[uCode & 0xFF];
+            
+            if (dbcsCode <= SEQ_START) { // Sequence start
+                seqObj = this.encodeTableSeq[SEQ_START-dbcsCode];
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (dbcsCode == UNASSIGNED && this.gb18030) {
+                // Use GB18030 algorithm to find character(s) to write.
+                var idx = findIdx(this.gb18030.uChars, uCode);
+                if (idx != -1) {
+                    var dbcsCode = this.gb18030.gbChars[idx] + (uCode - this.gb18030.uChars[idx]);
+                    newBuf[j++] = 0x81 + Math.floor(dbcsCode / 12600); dbcsCode = dbcsCode % 12600;
+                    newBuf[j++] = 0x30 + Math.floor(dbcsCode / 1260); dbcsCode = dbcsCode % 1260;
+                    newBuf[j++] = 0x81 + Math.floor(dbcsCode / 10); dbcsCode = dbcsCode % 10;
+                    newBuf[j++] = 0x30 + dbcsCode;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. Write dbcsCode character.
+        if (dbcsCode === UNASSIGNED)
+            dbcsCode = this.defaultCharSingleByte;
+        
+        if (dbcsCode < 0x100) {
+            newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode;
+        }
+        else if (dbcsCode < 0x10000) {
+            newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode >> 8;   // high byte
+            newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode & 0xFF; // low byte
+        }
+        else {
+            newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode >> 16;
+            newBuf[j++] = (dbcsCode >> 8) & 0xFF;
+            newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode & 0xFF;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.seqObj = seqObj;
+    this.leadSurrogate = leadSurrogate;
+    return newBuf.slice(0, j);
+}
+
+DBCSEncoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    if (this.leadSurrogate === -1 && this.seqObj === undefined)
+        return; // All clean. Most often case.
+
+    var newBuf = Buffer.alloc(10), j = 0;
+
+    if (this.seqObj) { // We're in the sequence.
+        var dbcsCode = this.seqObj[DEF_CHAR];
+        if (dbcsCode !== undefined) { // Write beginning of the sequence.
+            if (dbcsCode < 0x100) {
+                newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode;
+            }
+            else {
+                newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode >> 8;   // high byte
+                newBuf[j++] = dbcsCode & 0xFF; // low byte
+            }
+        } else {
+            // See todo above.
+        }
+        this.seqObj = undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (this.leadSurrogate !== -1) {
+        // Incomplete surrogate pair - only lead surrogate found.
+        newBuf[j++] = this.defaultCharSingleByte;
+        this.leadSurrogate = -1;
+    }
+    
+    return newBuf.slice(0, j);
+}
+
+// Export for testing
+DBCSEncoder.prototype.findIdx = findIdx;
+
+
+// == Decoder ==================================================================
+
+function DBCSDecoder(options, codec) {
+    // Decoder state
+    this.nodeIdx = 0;
+    this.prevBuf = Buffer.alloc(0);
+
+    // Static data
+    this.decodeTables = codec.decodeTables;
+    this.decodeTableSeq = codec.decodeTableSeq;
+    this.defaultCharUnicode = codec.defaultCharUnicode;
+    this.gb18030 = codec.gb18030;
+}
+
+DBCSDecoder.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    var newBuf = Buffer.alloc(buf.length*2),
+        nodeIdx = this.nodeIdx, 
+        prevBuf = this.prevBuf, prevBufOffset = this.prevBuf.length,
+        seqStart = -this.prevBuf.length, // idx of the start of current parsed sequence.
+        uCode;
+
+    if (prevBufOffset > 0) // Make prev buf overlap a little to make it easier to slice later.
+        prevBuf = Buffer.concat([prevBuf, buf.slice(0, 10)]);
+    
+    for (var i = 0, j = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+        var curByte = (i >= 0) ? buf[i] : prevBuf[i + prevBufOffset];
+
+        // Lookup in current trie node.
+        var uCode = this.decodeTables[nodeIdx][curByte];
+
+        if (uCode >= 0) { 
+            // Normal character, just use it.
+        }
+        else if (uCode === UNASSIGNED) { // Unknown char.
+            // TODO: Callback with seq.
+            //var curSeq = (seqStart >= 0) ? buf.slice(seqStart, i+1) : prevBuf.slice(seqStart + prevBufOffset, i+1 + prevBufOffset);
+            i = seqStart; // Try to parse again, after skipping first byte of the sequence ('i' will be incremented by 'for' cycle).
+            uCode = this.defaultCharUnicode.charCodeAt(0);
+        }
+        else if (uCode === GB18030_CODE) {
+            var curSeq = (seqStart >= 0) ? buf.slice(seqStart, i+1) : prevBuf.slice(seqStart + prevBufOffset, i+1 + prevBufOffset);
+            var ptr = (curSeq[0]-0x81)*12600 + (curSeq[1]-0x30)*1260 + (curSeq[2]-0x81)*10 + (curSeq[3]-0x30);
+            var idx = findIdx(this.gb18030.gbChars, ptr);
+            uCode = this.gb18030.uChars[idx] + ptr - this.gb18030.gbChars[idx];
+        }
+        else if (uCode <= NODE_START) { // Go to next trie node.
+            nodeIdx = NODE_START - uCode;
+            continue;
+        }
+        else if (uCode <= SEQ_START) { // Output a sequence of chars.
+            var seq = this.decodeTableSeq[SEQ_START - uCode];
+            for (var k = 0; k < seq.length - 1; k++) {
+                uCode = seq[k];
+                newBuf[j++] = uCode & 0xFF;
+                newBuf[j++] = uCode >> 8;
+            }
+            uCode = seq[seq.length-1];
+        }
+        else
+            throw new Error("iconv-lite internal error: invalid decoding table value " + uCode + " at " + nodeIdx + "/" + curByte);
+
+        // Write the character to buffer, handling higher planes using surrogate pair.
+        if (uCode > 0xFFFF) { 
+            uCode -= 0x10000;
+            var uCodeLead = 0xD800 + Math.floor(uCode / 0x400);
+            newBuf[j++] = uCodeLead & 0xFF;
+            newBuf[j++] = uCodeLead >> 8;
+
+            uCode = 0xDC00 + uCode % 0x400;
+        }
+        newBuf[j++] = uCode & 0xFF;
+        newBuf[j++] = uCode >> 8;
+
+        // Reset trie node.
+        nodeIdx = 0; seqStart = i+1;
+    }
+
+    this.nodeIdx = nodeIdx;
+    this.prevBuf = (seqStart >= 0) ? buf.slice(seqStart) : prevBuf.slice(seqStart + prevBufOffset);
+    return newBuf.slice(0, j).toString('ucs2');
+}
+
+DBCSDecoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    var ret = '';
+
+    // Try to parse all remaining chars.
+    while (this.prevBuf.length > 0) {
+        // Skip 1 character in the buffer.
+        ret += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+        var buf = this.prevBuf.slice(1);
+
+        // Parse remaining as usual.
+        this.prevBuf = Buffer.alloc(0);
+        this.nodeIdx = 0;
+        if (buf.length > 0)
+            ret += this.write(buf);
+    }
+
+    this.nodeIdx = 0;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// Binary search for GB18030. Returns largest i such that table[i] <= val.
+function findIdx(table, val) {
+    if (table[0] > val)
+        return -1;
+
+    var l = 0, r = table.length;
+    while (l < r-1) { // always table[l] <= val < table[r]
+        var mid = l + Math.floor((r-l+1)/2);
+        if (table[mid] <= val)
+            l = mid;
+        else
+            r = mid;
+    }
+    return l;
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/dbcs-data.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/dbcs-data.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b6191434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/dbcs-data.js
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"use strict";
+
+// Description of supported double byte encodings and aliases.
+// Tables are not require()-d until they are needed to speed up library load.
+// require()-s are direct to support Browserify.
+
+module.exports = {
+    
+    // == Japanese/ShiftJIS ====================================================
+    // All japanese encodings are based on JIS X set of standards:
+    // JIS X 0201 - Single-byte encoding of ASCII + ¥ + Kana chars at 0xA1-0xDF.
+    // JIS X 0208 - Main set of 6879 characters, placed in 94x94 plane, to be encoded by 2 bytes. 
+    //              Has several variations in 1978, 1983, 1990 and 1997.
+    // JIS X 0212 - Supplementary plane of 6067 chars in 94x94 plane. 1990. Effectively dead.
+    // JIS X 0213 - Extension and modern replacement of 0208 and 0212. Total chars: 11233.
+    //              2 planes, first is superset of 0208, second - revised 0212.
+    //              Introduced in 2000, revised 2004. Some characters are in Unicode Plane 2 (0x2xxxx)
+
+    // Byte encodings are:
+    //  * Shift_JIS: Compatible with 0201, uses not defined chars in top half as lead bytes for double-byte
+    //               encoding of 0208. Lead byte ranges: 0x81-0x9F, 0xE0-0xEF; Trail byte ranges: 0x40-0x7E, 0x80-0x9E, 0x9F-0xFC.
+    //               Windows CP932 is a superset of Shift_JIS. Some companies added more chars, notably KDDI.
+    //  * EUC-JP:    Up to 3 bytes per character. Used mostly on *nixes.
+    //               0x00-0x7F       - lower part of 0201
+    //               0x8E, 0xA1-0xDF - upper part of 0201
+    //               (0xA1-0xFE)x2   - 0208 plane (94x94).
+    //               0x8F, (0xA1-0xFE)x2 - 0212 plane (94x94).
+    //  * JIS X 208: 7-bit, direct encoding of 0208. Byte ranges: 0x21-0x7E (94 values). Uncommon.
+    //               Used as-is in ISO2022 family.
+    //  * ISO2022-JP: Stateful encoding, with escape sequences to switch between ASCII, 
+    //                0201-1976 Roman, 0208-1978, 0208-1983.
+    //  * ISO2022-JP-1: Adds esc seq for 0212-1990.
+    //  * ISO2022-JP-2: Adds esc seq for GB2313-1980, KSX1001-1992, ISO8859-1, ISO8859-7.
+    //  * ISO2022-JP-3: Adds esc seq for 0201-1976 Kana set, 0213-2000 Planes 1, 2.
+    //  * ISO2022-JP-2004: Adds 0213-2004 Plane 1.
+    //
+    // After JIS X 0213 appeared, Shift_JIS-2004, EUC-JISX0213 and ISO2022-JP-2004 followed, with just changing the planes.
+    //
+    // Overall, it seems that it's a mess :( http://www8.plala.or.jp/tkubota1/unicode-symbols-map2.html
+
+    'shiftjis': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/shiftjis.json') },
+        encodeAdd: {'\u00a5': 0x5C, '\u203E': 0x7E},
+        encodeSkipVals: [{from: 0xED40, to: 0xF940}],
+    },
+    'csshiftjis': 'shiftjis',
+    'mskanji': 'shiftjis',
+    'sjis': 'shiftjis',
+    'windows31j': 'shiftjis',
+    'ms31j': 'shiftjis',
+    'xsjis': 'shiftjis',
+    'windows932': 'shiftjis',
+    'ms932': 'shiftjis',
+    '932': 'shiftjis',
+    'cp932': 'shiftjis',
+
+    'eucjp': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/eucjp.json') },
+        encodeAdd: {'\u00a5': 0x5C, '\u203E': 0x7E},
+    },
+
+    // TODO: KDDI extension to Shift_JIS
+    // TODO: IBM CCSID 942 = CP932, but F0-F9 custom chars and other char changes.
+    // TODO: IBM CCSID 943 = Shift_JIS = CP932 with original Shift_JIS lower 128 chars.
+
+
+    // == Chinese/GBK ==========================================================
+    // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK
+    // We mostly implement W3C recommendation: https://www.w3.org/TR/encoding/#gbk-encoder
+
+    // Oldest GB2312 (1981, ~7600 chars) is a subset of CP936
+    'gb2312': 'cp936',
+    'gb231280': 'cp936',
+    'gb23121980': 'cp936',
+    'csgb2312': 'cp936',
+    'csiso58gb231280': 'cp936',
+    'euccn': 'cp936',
+
+    // Microsoft's CP936 is a subset and approximation of GBK.
+    'windows936': 'cp936',
+    'ms936': 'cp936',
+    '936': 'cp936',
+    'cp936': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/cp936.json') },
+    },
+
+    // GBK (~22000 chars) is an extension of CP936 that added user-mapped chars and some other.
+    'gbk': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/cp936.json').concat(require('./tables/gbk-added.json')) },
+    },
+    'xgbk': 'gbk',
+    'isoir58': 'gbk',
+
+    // GB18030 is an algorithmic extension of GBK.
+    // Main source: https://www.w3.org/TR/encoding/#gbk-encoder
+    // http://icu-project.org/docs/papers/gb18030.html
+    // http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/data/trunk/charset/data/xml/gb-18030-2000.xml
+    // http://www.khngai.com/chinese/charmap/tblgbk.php?page=0
+    'gb18030': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/cp936.json').concat(require('./tables/gbk-added.json')) },
+        gb18030: function() { return require('./tables/gb18030-ranges.json') },
+        encodeSkipVals: [0x80],
+        encodeAdd: {'€': 0xA2E3},
+    },
+
+    'chinese': 'gb18030',
+
+
+    // == Korean ===============================================================
+    // EUC-KR, KS_C_5601 and KS X 1001 are exactly the same.
+    'windows949': 'cp949',
+    'ms949': 'cp949',
+    '949': 'cp949',
+    'cp949': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/cp949.json') },
+    },
+
+    'cseuckr': 'cp949',
+    'csksc56011987': 'cp949',
+    'euckr': 'cp949',
+    'isoir149': 'cp949',
+    'korean': 'cp949',
+    'ksc56011987': 'cp949',
+    'ksc56011989': 'cp949',
+    'ksc5601': 'cp949',
+
+
+    // == Big5/Taiwan/Hong Kong ================================================
+    // There are lots of tables for Big5 and cp950. Please see the following links for history:
+    // http://moztw.org/docs/big5/  http://www.haible.de/bruno/charsets/conversion-tables/Big5.html
+    // Variations, in roughly number of defined chars:
+    //  * Windows CP 950: Microsoft variant of Big5. Canonical: http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP950.TXT
+    //  * Windows CP 951: Microsoft variant of Big5-HKSCS-2001. Seems to be never public. http://me.abelcheung.org/articles/research/what-is-cp951/
+    //  * Big5-2003 (Taiwan standard) almost superset of cp950.
+    //  * Unicode-at-on (UAO) / Mozilla 1.8. Falling out of use on the Web. Not supported by other browsers.
+    //  * Big5-HKSCS (-2001, -2004, -2008). Hong Kong standard. 
+    //    many unicode code points moved from PUA to Supplementary plane (U+2XXXX) over the years.
+    //    Plus, it has 4 combining sequences.
+    //    Seems that Mozilla refused to support it for 10 yrs. https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=162431 https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=310299
+    //    because big5-hkscs is the only encoding to include astral characters in non-algorithmic way.
+    //    Implementations are not consistent within browsers; sometimes labeled as just big5.
+    //    MS Internet Explorer switches from big5 to big5-hkscs when a patch applied.
+    //    Great discussion & recap of what's going on https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=912470#c31
+    //    In the encoder, it might make sense to support encoding old PUA mappings to Big5 bytes seq-s.
+    //    Official spec: http://www.ogcio.gov.hk/en/business/tech_promotion/ccli/terms/doc/2003cmp_2008.txt
+    //                   http://www.ogcio.gov.hk/tc/business/tech_promotion/ccli/terms/doc/hkscs-2008-big5-iso.txt
+    // 
+    // Current understanding of how to deal with Big5(-HKSCS) is in the Encoding Standard, http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#big5-encoder
+    // Unicode mapping (http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT) is said to be wrong.
+
+    'windows950': 'cp950',
+    'ms950': 'cp950',
+    '950': 'cp950',
+    'cp950': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/cp950.json') },
+    },
+
+    // Big5 has many variations and is an extension of cp950. We use Encoding Standard's as a consensus.
+    'big5': 'big5hkscs',
+    'big5hkscs': {
+        type: '_dbcs',
+        table: function() { return require('./tables/cp950.json').concat(require('./tables/big5-added.json')) },
+        encodeSkipVals: [0xa2cc],
+    },
+
+    'cnbig5': 'big5hkscs',
+    'csbig5': 'big5hkscs',
+    'xxbig5': 'big5hkscs',
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/index.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e30400317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"use strict";
+
+// Update this array if you add/rename/remove files in this directory.
+// We support Browserify by skipping automatic module discovery and requiring modules directly.
+var modules = [
+    require("./internal"),
+    require("./utf16"),
+    require("./utf7"),
+    require("./sbcs-codec"),
+    require("./sbcs-data"),
+    require("./sbcs-data-generated"),
+    require("./dbcs-codec"),
+    require("./dbcs-data"),
+];
+
+// Put all encoding/alias/codec definitions to single object and export it. 
+for (var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++) {
+    var module = modules[i];
+    for (var enc in module)
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(module, enc))
+            exports[enc] = module[enc];
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/internal.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/internal.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05ce38b27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/internal.js
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"use strict";
+var Buffer = require("safer-buffer").Buffer;
+
+// Export Node.js internal encodings.
+
+module.exports = {
+    // Encodings
+    utf8:   { type: "_internal", bomAware: true},
+    cesu8:  { type: "_internal", bomAware: true},
+    unicode11utf8: "utf8",
+
+    ucs2:   { type: "_internal", bomAware: true},
+    utf16le: "ucs2",
+
+    binary: { type: "_internal" },
+    base64: { type: "_internal" },
+    hex:    { type: "_internal" },
+
+    // Codec.
+    _internal: InternalCodec,
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function InternalCodec(codecOptions, iconv) {
+    this.enc = codecOptions.encodingName;
+    this.bomAware = codecOptions.bomAware;
+
+    if (this.enc === "base64")
+        this.encoder = InternalEncoderBase64;
+    else if (this.enc === "cesu8") {
+        this.enc = "utf8"; // Use utf8 for decoding.
+        this.encoder = InternalEncoderCesu8;
+
+        // Add decoder for versions of Node not supporting CESU-8
+        if (Buffer.from('eda0bdedb2a9', 'hex').toString() !== '💩') {
+            this.decoder = InternalDecoderCesu8;
+            this.defaultCharUnicode = iconv.defaultCharUnicode;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+InternalCodec.prototype.encoder = InternalEncoder;
+InternalCodec.prototype.decoder = InternalDecoder;
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// We use node.js internal decoder. Its signature is the same as ours.
+var StringDecoder = require('string_decoder').StringDecoder;
+
+if (!StringDecoder.prototype.end) // Node v0.8 doesn't have this method.
+    StringDecoder.prototype.end = function() {};
+
+
+function InternalDecoder(options, codec) {
+    StringDecoder.call(this, codec.enc);
+}
+
+InternalDecoder.prototype = StringDecoder.prototype;
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Encoder is mostly trivial
+
+function InternalEncoder(options, codec) {
+    this.enc = codec.enc;
+}
+
+InternalEncoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    return Buffer.from(str, this.enc);
+}
+
+InternalEncoder.prototype.end = function() {
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Except base64 encoder, which must keep its state.
+
+function InternalEncoderBase64(options, codec) {
+    this.prevStr = '';
+}
+
+InternalEncoderBase64.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    str = this.prevStr + str;
+    var completeQuads = str.length - (str.length % 4);
+    this.prevStr = str.slice(completeQuads);
+    str = str.slice(0, completeQuads);
+
+    return Buffer.from(str, "base64");
+}
+
+InternalEncoderBase64.prototype.end = function() {
+    return Buffer.from(this.prevStr, "base64");
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CESU-8 encoder is also special.
+
+function InternalEncoderCesu8(options, codec) {
+}
+
+InternalEncoderCesu8.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    var buf = Buffer.alloc(str.length * 3), bufIdx = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+        var charCode = str.charCodeAt(i);
+        // Naive implementation, but it works because CESU-8 is especially easy
+        // to convert from UTF-16 (which all JS strings are encoded in).
+        if (charCode < 0x80)
+            buf[bufIdx++] = charCode;
+        else if (charCode < 0x800) {
+            buf[bufIdx++] = 0xC0 + (charCode >>> 6);
+            buf[bufIdx++] = 0x80 + (charCode & 0x3f);
+        }
+        else { // charCode will always be < 0x10000 in javascript.
+            buf[bufIdx++] = 0xE0 + (charCode >>> 12);
+            buf[bufIdx++] = 0x80 + ((charCode >>> 6) & 0x3f);
+            buf[bufIdx++] = 0x80 + (charCode & 0x3f);
+        }
+    }
+    return buf.slice(0, bufIdx);
+}
+
+InternalEncoderCesu8.prototype.end = function() {
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CESU-8 decoder is not implemented in Node v4.0+
+
+function InternalDecoderCesu8(options, codec) {
+    this.acc = 0;
+    this.contBytes = 0;
+    this.accBytes = 0;
+    this.defaultCharUnicode = codec.defaultCharUnicode;
+}
+
+InternalDecoderCesu8.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    var acc = this.acc, contBytes = this.contBytes, accBytes = this.accBytes, 
+        res = '';
+    for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+        var curByte = buf[i];
+        if ((curByte & 0xC0) !== 0x80) { // Leading byte
+            if (contBytes > 0) { // Previous code is invalid
+                res += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+                contBytes = 0;
+            }
+
+            if (curByte < 0x80) { // Single-byte code
+                res += String.fromCharCode(curByte);
+            } else if (curByte < 0xE0) { // Two-byte code
+                acc = curByte & 0x1F;
+                contBytes = 1; accBytes = 1;
+            } else if (curByte < 0xF0) { // Three-byte code
+                acc = curByte & 0x0F;
+                contBytes = 2; accBytes = 1;
+            } else { // Four or more are not supported for CESU-8.
+                res += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+            }
+        } else { // Continuation byte
+            if (contBytes > 0) { // We're waiting for it.
+                acc = (acc << 6) | (curByte & 0x3f);
+                contBytes--; accBytes++;
+                if (contBytes === 0) {
+                    // Check for overlong encoding, but support Modified UTF-8 (encoding NULL as C0 80)
+                    if (accBytes === 2 && acc < 0x80 && acc > 0)
+                        res += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+                    else if (accBytes === 3 && acc < 0x800)
+                        res += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+                    else
+                        // Actually add character.
+                        res += String.fromCharCode(acc);
+                }
+            } else { // Unexpected continuation byte
+                res += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    this.acc = acc; this.contBytes = contBytes; this.accBytes = accBytes;
+    return res;
+}
+
+InternalDecoderCesu8.prototype.end = function() {
+    var res = 0;
+    if (this.contBytes > 0)
+        res += this.defaultCharUnicode;
+    return res;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-codec.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-codec.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abac5ffaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-codec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"use strict";
+var Buffer = require("safer-buffer").Buffer;
+
+// Single-byte codec. Needs a 'chars' string parameter that contains 256 or 128 chars that
+// correspond to encoded bytes (if 128 - then lower half is ASCII). 
+
+exports._sbcs = SBCSCodec;
+function SBCSCodec(codecOptions, iconv) {
+    if (!codecOptions)
+        throw new Error("SBCS codec is called without the data.")
+    
+    // Prepare char buffer for decoding.
+    if (!codecOptions.chars || (codecOptions.chars.length !== 128 && codecOptions.chars.length !== 256))
+        throw new Error("Encoding '"+codecOptions.type+"' has incorrect 'chars' (must be of len 128 or 256)");
+    
+    if (codecOptions.chars.length === 128) {
+        var asciiString = "";
+        for (var i = 0; i < 128; i++)
+            asciiString += String.fromCharCode(i);
+        codecOptions.chars = asciiString + codecOptions.chars;
+    }
+
+    this.decodeBuf = Buffer.from(codecOptions.chars, 'ucs2');
+    
+    // Encoding buffer.
+    var encodeBuf = Buffer.alloc(65536, iconv.defaultCharSingleByte.charCodeAt(0));
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < codecOptions.chars.length; i++)
+        encodeBuf[codecOptions.chars.charCodeAt(i)] = i;
+
+    this.encodeBuf = encodeBuf;
+}
+
+SBCSCodec.prototype.encoder = SBCSEncoder;
+SBCSCodec.prototype.decoder = SBCSDecoder;
+
+
+function SBCSEncoder(options, codec) {
+    this.encodeBuf = codec.encodeBuf;
+}
+
+SBCSEncoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    var buf = Buffer.alloc(str.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++)
+        buf[i] = this.encodeBuf[str.charCodeAt(i)];
+    
+    return buf;
+}
+
+SBCSEncoder.prototype.end = function() {
+}
+
+
+function SBCSDecoder(options, codec) {
+    this.decodeBuf = codec.decodeBuf;
+}
+
+SBCSDecoder.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    // Strings are immutable in JS -> we use ucs2 buffer to speed up computations.
+    var decodeBuf = this.decodeBuf;
+    var newBuf = Buffer.alloc(buf.length*2);
+    var idx1 = 0, idx2 = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+        idx1 = buf[i]*2; idx2 = i*2;
+        newBuf[idx2] = decodeBuf[idx1];
+        newBuf[idx2+1] = decodeBuf[idx1+1];
+    }
+    return newBuf.toString('ucs2');
+}
+
+SBCSDecoder.prototype.end = function() {
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-data-generated.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-data-generated.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b4823607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-data-generated.js
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+"use strict";
+
+// Generated data for sbcs codec. Don't edit manually. Regenerate using generation/gen-sbcs.js script.
+module.exports = {
+  "437": "cp437",
+  "737": "cp737",
+  "775": "cp775",
+  "850": "cp850",
+  "852": "cp852",
+  "855": "cp855",
+  "856": "cp856",
+  "857": "cp857",
+  "858": "cp858",
+  "860": "cp860",
+  "861": "cp861",
+  "862": "cp862",
+  "863": "cp863",
+  "864": "cp864",
+  "865": "cp865",
+  "866": "cp866",
+  "869": "cp869",
+  "874": "windows874",
+  "922": "cp922",
+  "1046": "cp1046",
+  "1124": "cp1124",
+  "1125": "cp1125",
+  "1129": "cp1129",
+  "1133": "cp1133",
+  "1161": "cp1161",
+  "1162": "cp1162",
+  "1163": "cp1163",
+  "1250": "windows1250",
+  "1251": "windows1251",
+  "1252": "windows1252",
+  "1253": "windows1253",
+  "1254": "windows1254",
+  "1255": "windows1255",
+  "1256": "windows1256",
+  "1257": "windows1257",
+  "1258": "windows1258",
+  "28591": "iso88591",
+  "28592": "iso88592",
+  "28593": "iso88593",
+  "28594": "iso88594",
+  "28595": "iso88595",
+  "28596": "iso88596",
+  "28597": "iso88597",
+  "28598": "iso88598",
+  "28599": "iso88599",
+  "28600": "iso885910",
+  "28601": "iso885911",
+  "28603": "iso885913",
+  "28604": "iso885914",
+  "28605": "iso885915",
+  "28606": "iso885916",
+  "windows874": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€����…�����������‘’“”•–—�������� กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู����฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛����"
+  },
+  "win874": "windows874",
+  "cp874": "windows874",
+  "windows1250": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚�„…†‡�‰Š‹ŚŤŽŹ�‘’“”•–—�™š›śťžź ˇ˘Ł¤Ą¦§¨©Ş«¬­®Ż°±˛ł´µ¶·¸ąş»Ľ˝ľżŔÁÂĂÄĹĆÇČÉĘËĚÍÎĎĐŃŇÓÔŐÖ×ŘŮÚŰÜÝŢßŕáâăäĺćçčéęëěíîďđńňóôőö÷řůúűüýţ˙"
+  },
+  "win1250": "windows1250",
+  "cp1250": "windows1250",
+  "windows1251": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ЂЃ‚ѓ„…†‡€‰Љ‹ЊЌЋЏђ‘’“”•–—�™љ›њќћџ ЎўЈ¤Ґ¦§Ё©Є«¬­®Ї°±Ііґµ¶·ё№є»јЅѕїАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя"
+  },
+  "win1251": "windows1251",
+  "cp1251": "windows1251",
+  "windows1252": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ�Ž��‘’“”•–—˜™š›œ�žŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ"
+  },
+  "win1252": "windows1252",
+  "cp1252": "windows1252",
+  "windows1253": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚ƒ„…†‡�‰�‹�����‘’“”•–—�™�›���� ΅Ά£¤¥¦§¨©�«¬­®―°±²³΄µ¶·ΈΉΊ»Ό½ΎΏΐΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡ�ΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫάέήίΰαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώ�"
+  },
+  "win1253": "windows1253",
+  "cp1253": "windows1253",
+  "windows1254": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ����‘’“”•–—˜™š›œ��Ÿ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏĞÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜİŞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïğñòóôõö÷øùúûüışÿ"
+  },
+  "win1254": "windows1254",
+  "cp1254": "windows1254",
+  "windows1255": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰�‹�����‘’“”•–—˜™�›���� ¡¢£₪¥¦§¨©×«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹÷»¼½¾¿ְֱֲֳִֵֶַָֹֺֻּֽ־ֿ׀ׁׂ׃װױײ׳״�������אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשת��‎‏�"
+  },
+  "win1255": "windows1255",
+  "cp1255": "windows1255",
+  "windows1256": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€پ‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰ٹ‹Œچژڈگ‘’“”•–—ک™ڑ›œ‌‍ں ،¢£¤¥¦§¨©ھ«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹؛»¼½¾؟ہءآأؤإئابةتثجحخدذرزسشصض×طظعغـفقكàلâمنهوçèéêëىيîïًٌٍَôُِ÷ّùْûü‎‏ے"
+  },
+  "win1256": "windows1256",
+  "cp1256": "windows1256",
+  "windows1257": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚�„…†‡�‰�‹�¨ˇ¸�‘’“”•–—�™�›�¯˛� �¢£¤�¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³´µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž˙"
+  },
+  "win1257": "windows1257",
+  "cp1257": "windows1257",
+  "windows1258": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰�‹Œ����‘’“”•–—˜™�›œ��Ÿ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂĂÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË̀ÍÎÏĐÑ̉ÓÔƠÖ×ØÙÚÛÜỮßàáâăäåæçèéêë́íîïđṇ̃óôơö÷øùúûüư₫ÿ"
+  },
+  "win1258": "windows1258",
+  "cp1258": "windows1258",
+  "iso88591": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ"
+  },
+  "cp28591": "iso88591",
+  "iso88592": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ Ą˘Ł¤ĽŚ§¨ŠŞŤŹ­ŽŻ°ą˛ł´ľśˇ¸šşťź˝žżŔÁÂĂÄĹĆÇČÉĘËĚÍÎĎĐŃŇÓÔŐÖ×ŘŮÚŰÜÝŢßŕáâăäĺćçčéęëěíîďđńňóôőö÷řůúűüýţ˙"
+  },
+  "cp28592": "iso88592",
+  "iso88593": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ Ħ˘£¤�Ĥ§¨İŞĞĴ­�Ż°ħ²³´µĥ·¸ışğĵ½�żÀÁÂ�ÄĊĈÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ�ÑÒÓÔĠÖ×ĜÙÚÛÜŬŜßàáâ�äċĉçèéêëìíîï�ñòóôġö÷ĝùúûüŭŝ˙"
+  },
+  "cp28593": "iso88593",
+  "iso88594": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ĄĸŖ¤ĨĻ§¨ŠĒĢŦ­Ž¯°ą˛ŗ´ĩļˇ¸šēģŧŊžŋĀÁÂÃÄÅÆĮČÉĘËĖÍÎĪĐŅŌĶÔÕÖ×ØŲÚÛÜŨŪßāáâãäåæįčéęëėíîīđņōķôõö÷øųúûüũū˙"
+  },
+  "cp28594": "iso88594",
+  "iso88595": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌ­ЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя№ёђѓєѕіїјљњћќ§ўџ"
+  },
+  "cp28595": "iso88595",
+  "iso88596": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ���¤�������،­�������������؛���؟�ءآأؤإئابةتثجحخدذرزسشصضطظعغ�����ـفقكلمنهوىيًٌٍَُِّْ�������������"
+  },
+  "cp28596": "iso88596",
+  "iso88597": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ‘’£€₯¦§¨©ͺ«¬­�―°±²³΄΅Ά·ΈΉΊ»Ό½ΎΏΐΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡ�ΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫάέήίΰαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώ�"
+  },
+  "cp28597": "iso88597",
+  "iso88598": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ �¢£¤¥¦§¨©×«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹÷»¼½¾��������������������������������‗אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשת��‎‏�"
+  },
+  "cp28598": "iso88598",
+  "iso88599": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏĞÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜİŞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïğñòóôõö÷øùúûüışÿ"
+  },
+  "cp28599": "iso88599",
+  "iso885910": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ĄĒĢĪĨĶ§ĻĐŠŦŽ­ŪŊ°ąēģīĩķ·ļđšŧž―ūŋĀÁÂÃÄÅÆĮČÉĘËĖÍÎÏÐŅŌÓÔÕÖŨØŲÚÛÜÝÞßāáâãäåæįčéęëėíîïðņōóôõöũøųúûüýþĸ"
+  },
+  "cp28600": "iso885910",
+  "iso885911": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู����฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛����"
+  },
+  "cp28601": "iso885911",
+  "iso885913": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’"
+  },
+  "cp28603": "iso885913",
+  "iso885914": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ Ḃḃ£ĊċḊ§Ẁ©ẂḋỲ­®ŸḞḟĠġṀṁ¶ṖẁṗẃṠỳẄẅṡÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏŴÑÒÓÔÕÖṪØÙÚÛÜÝŶßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïŵñòóôõöṫøùúûüýŷÿ"
+  },
+  "cp28604": "iso885914",
+  "iso885915": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£€¥Š§š©ª«¬­®¯°±²³Žµ¶·ž¹º»ŒœŸ¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ"
+  },
+  "cp28605": "iso885915",
+  "iso885916": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ĄąŁ€„Š§š©Ș«Ź­źŻ°±ČłŽ”¶·žčș»ŒœŸżÀÁÂĂÄĆÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏĐŃÒÓÔŐÖŚŰÙÚÛÜĘȚßàáâăäćæçèéêëìíîïđńòóôőöśűùúûüęțÿ"
+  },
+  "cp28606": "iso885916",
+  "cp437": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäàåçêëèïîìÄÅÉæÆôöòûùÿÖÜ¢£¥₧ƒáíóúñѪº¿⌐¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm437": "cp437",
+  "csibm437": "cp437",
+  "cp737": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρσςτυφχψ░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀ωάέήϊίόύϋώΆΈΉΊΌΎΏ±≥≤ΪΫ÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm737": "cp737",
+  "csibm737": "cp737",
+  "cp775": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ĆüéāäģåćłēŖŗīŹÄÅÉæÆōöĢ¢ŚśÖÜø£ØפĀĪóŻżź”¦©®¬½¼Ł«»░▒▓│┤ĄČĘĖ╣║╗╝ĮŠ┐└┴┬├─┼ŲŪ╚╔╩╦╠═╬Žąčęėįšųūž┘┌█▄▌▐▀ÓßŌŃõÕµńĶķĻļņĒŅ’­±“¾¶§÷„°∙·¹³²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm775": "cp775",
+  "csibm775": "cp775",
+  "cp850": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäàåçêëèïîìÄÅÉæÆôöòûùÿÖÜø£Ø׃áíóúñѪº¿®¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤ÁÂÀ©╣║╗╝¢¥┐└┴┬├─┼ãÃ╚╔╩╦╠═╬¤ðÐÊËÈıÍÎÏ┘┌█▄¦Ì▀ÓßÔÒõÕµþÞÚÛÙýݯ´­±‗¾¶§÷¸°¨·¹³²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm850": "cp850",
+  "csibm850": "cp850",
+  "cp852": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäůćçłëŐőîŹÄĆÉĹĺôöĽľŚśÖÜŤťŁ×čáíóúĄąŽžĘ꬟Ⱥ«»░▒▓│┤ÁÂĚŞ╣║╗╝Żż┐└┴┬├─┼Ăă╚╔╩╦╠═╬¤đĐĎËďŇÍÎě┘┌█▄ŢŮ▀ÓßÔŃńňŠšŔÚŕŰýÝţ´­˝˛ˇ˘§÷¸°¨˙űŘř■ "
+  },
+  "ibm852": "cp852",
+  "csibm852": "cp852",
+  "cp855": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ђЂѓЃёЁєЄѕЅіІїЇјЈљЉњЊћЋќЌўЎџЏюЮъЪаАбБцЦдДеЕфФгГ«»░▒▓│┤хХиИ╣║╗╝йЙ┐└┴┬├─┼кК╚╔╩╦╠═╬¤лЛмМнНоОп┘┌█▄Пя▀ЯрРсСтТуУжЖвВьЬ№­ыЫзЗшШэЭщЩчЧ§■ "
+  },
+  "ibm855": "cp855",
+  "csibm855": "cp855",
+  "cp856": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשת�£�×����������®¬½¼�«»░▒▓│┤���©╣║╗╝¢¥┐└┴┬├─┼��╚╔╩╦╠═╬¤���������┘┌█▄¦�▀������µ�������¯´­±‗¾¶§÷¸°¨·¹³²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm856": "cp856",
+  "csibm856": "cp856",
+  "cp857": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäàåçêëèïîıÄÅÉæÆôöòûùİÖÜø£ØŞşáíóúñÑĞ𿮬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤ÁÂÀ©╣║╗╝¢¥┐└┴┬├─┼ãÃ╚╔╩╦╠═╬¤ºªÊËÈ�ÍÎÏ┘┌█▄¦Ì▀ÓßÔÒõÕµ�×ÚÛÙìÿ¯´­±�¾¶§÷¸°¨·¹³²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm857": "cp857",
+  "csibm857": "cp857",
+  "cp858": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäàåçêëèïîìÄÅÉæÆôöòûùÿÖÜø£Ø׃áíóúñѪº¿®¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤ÁÂÀ©╣║╗╝¢¥┐└┴┬├─┼ãÃ╚╔╩╦╠═╬¤ðÐÊËÈ€ÍÎÏ┘┌█▄¦Ì▀ÓßÔÒõÕµþÞÚÛÙýݯ´­±‗¾¶§÷¸°¨·¹³²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm858": "cp858",
+  "csibm858": "cp858",
+  "cp860": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâãàÁçêÊèÍÔìÃÂÉÀÈôõòÚùÌÕÜ¢£Ù₧ÓáíóúñѪº¿Ò¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm860": "cp860",
+  "csibm860": "cp860",
+  "cp861": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäàåçêëèÐðÞÄÅÉæÆôöþûÝýÖÜø£Ø₧ƒáíóúÁÍÓÚ¿⌐¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm861": "cp861",
+  "csibm861": "cp861",
+  "cp862": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשת¢£¥₧ƒáíóúñѪº¿⌐¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm862": "cp862",
+  "csibm862": "cp862",
+  "cp863": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâÂà¶çêëèïî‗À§ÉÈÊôËÏûù¤ÔÜ¢£ÙÛƒ¦´óú¨¸³¯Î⌐¬½¼¾«»░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm863": "cp863",
+  "csibm863": "cp863",
+  "cp864": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "\u0000\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\b\t\n\u000b\f\r\u000e\u000f\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013\u0014\u0015\u0016\u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a\u001b\u001c\u001d\u001e\u001f !\"#$٪&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~°·∙√▒─│┼┤┬├┴┐┌└┘β∞φ±½¼≈«»ﻷﻸ��ﻻﻼ� ­ﺂ£¤ﺄ��ﺎﺏﺕﺙ،ﺝﺡﺥ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩ﻑ؛ﺱﺵﺹ؟¢ﺀﺁﺃﺅﻊﺋﺍﺑﺓﺗﺛﺟﺣﺧﺩﺫﺭﺯﺳﺷﺻﺿﻁﻅﻋﻏ¦¬÷×ﻉـﻓﻗﻛﻟﻣﻧﻫﻭﻯﻳﺽﻌﻎﻍﻡﹽّﻥﻩﻬﻰﻲﻐﻕﻵﻶﻝﻙﻱ■�"
+  },
+  "ibm864": "cp864",
+  "csibm864": "cp864",
+  "cp865": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÇüéâäàåçêëèïîìÄÅÉæÆôöòûùÿÖÜø£Ø₧ƒáíóúñѪº¿⌐¬½¼¡«¤░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+  },
+  "ibm865": "cp865",
+  "csibm865": "cp865",
+  "cp866": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмноп░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀рстуфхцчшщъыьэюяЁёЄєЇїЎў°∙·√№¤■ "
+  },
+  "ibm866": "cp866",
+  "csibm866": "cp866",
+  "cp869": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "������Ά�·¬¦‘’Έ―ΉΊΪΌ��ΎΫ©Ώ²³ά£έήίϊΐόύΑΒΓΔΕΖΗ½ΘΙ«»░▒▓│┤ΚΛΜΝ╣║╗╝ΞΟ┐└┴┬├─┼ΠΡ╚╔╩╦╠═╬ΣΤΥΦΧΨΩαβγ┘┌█▄δε▀ζηθικλμνξοπρσςτ΄­±υφχ§ψ΅°¨ωϋΰώ■ "
+  },
+  "ibm869": "cp869",
+  "csibm869": "cp869",
+  "cp922": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®‾°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏŠÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝŽßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïšñòóôõö÷øùúûüýžÿ"
+  },
+  "ibm922": "cp922",
+  "csibm922": "cp922",
+  "cp1046": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ﺈ×÷ﹱˆ■│─┐┌└┘ﹹﹻﹽﹿﹷﺊﻰﻳﻲﻎﻏﻐﻶﻸﻺﻼ ¤ﺋﺑﺗﺛﺟﺣ،­ﺧﺳ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩ﺷ؛ﺻﺿﻊ؟ﻋءآأؤإئابةتثجحخدذرزسشصضطﻇعغﻌﺂﺄﺎﻓـفقكلمنهوىيًٌٍَُِّْﻗﻛﻟﻵﻷﻹﻻﻣﻧﻬﻩ�"
+  },
+  "ibm1046": "cp1046",
+  "csibm1046": "cp1046",
+  "cp1124": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ЁЂҐЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌ­ЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя№ёђґєѕіїјљњћќ§ўџ"
+  },
+  "ibm1124": "cp1124",
+  "csibm1124": "cp1124",
+  "cp1125": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмноп░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀рстуфхцчшщъыьэюяЁёҐґЄєІіЇї·√№¤■ "
+  },
+  "ibm1125": "cp1125",
+  "csibm1125": "cp1125",
+  "cp1129": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§œ©ª«¬­®¯°±²³Ÿµ¶·Œ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂĂÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË̀ÍÎÏĐÑ̉ÓÔƠÖ×ØÙÚÛÜỮßàáâăäåæçèéêë́íîïđṇ̃óôơö÷øùúûüư₫ÿ"
+  },
+  "ibm1129": "cp1129",
+  "csibm1129": "cp1129",
+  "cp1133": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ກຂຄງຈສຊຍດຕຖທນບປຜຝພຟມຢຣລວຫອຮ���ຯະາຳິີຶືຸູຼັົຽ���ເແໂໃໄ່້໊໋໌ໍໆ�ໜໝ₭����������������໐໑໒໓໔໕໖໗໘໙��¢¬¦�"
+  },
+  "ibm1133": "cp1133",
+  "csibm1133": "cp1133",
+  "cp1161": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "��������������������������������่กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู้๊๋€฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛¢¬¦ "
+  },
+  "ibm1161": "cp1161",
+  "csibm1161": "cp1161",
+  "cp1162": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู����฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛����"
+  },
+  "ibm1162": "cp1162",
+  "csibm1162": "cp1162",
+  "cp1163": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£€¥¦§œ©ª«¬­®¯°±²³Ÿµ¶·Œ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂĂÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË̀ÍÎÏĐÑ̉ÓÔƠÖ×ØÙÚÛÜỮßàáâăäåæçèéêë́íîïđṇ̃óôơö÷øùúûüư₫ÿ"
+  },
+  "ibm1163": "cp1163",
+  "csibm1163": "cp1163",
+  "maccroatian": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÄÅÇÉÑÖÜáàâäãåçéèêëíìîïñóòôöõúùûü†°¢£§•¶ß®Š™´¨≠ŽØ∞±≤≥∆µ∂∑∏š∫ªºΩžø¿¡¬√ƒ≈Ć«Č… ÀÃÕŒœĐ—“”‘’÷◊�©⁄¤‹›Æ»–·‚„‰ÂćÁčÈÍÎÏÌÓÔđÒÚÛÙıˆ˜¯πË˚¸Êæˇ"
+  },
+  "maccyrillic": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ†°¢£§•¶І®©™Ђђ≠Ѓѓ∞±≤≥іµ∂ЈЄєЇїЉљЊњјЅ¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ЋћЌќѕ–—“”‘’÷„ЎўЏџ№Ёёяабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэю¤"
+  },
+  "macgreek": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "Ĺ²É³ÖÜ΅àâä΄¨çéèê룙î‰ôö¦­ùûü†ΓΔΘΛΞΠß®©ΣΪ§≠°·Α±≤≥¥ΒΕΖΗΙΚΜΦΫΨΩάΝ¬ΟΡ≈Τ«»… ΥΧΆΈœ–―“”‘’÷ΉΊΌΎέήίόΏύαβψδεφγηιξκλμνοπώρστθωςχυζϊϋΐΰ�"
+  },
+  "maciceland": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÄÅÇÉÑÖÜáàâäãåçéèêëíìîïñóòôöõúùûüÝ°¢£§•¶ß®©™´¨≠ÆØ∞±≤≥¥µ∂∑∏π∫ªºΩæø¿¡¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ÀÃÕŒœ–—“”‘’÷◊ÿŸ⁄¤ÐðÞþý·‚„‰ÂÊÁËÈÍÎÏÌÓÔ�ÒÚÛÙıˆ˜¯˘˙˚¸˝˛ˇ"
+  },
+  "macroman": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÄÅÇÉÑÖÜáàâäãåçéèêëíìîïñóòôöõúùûü†°¢£§•¶ß®©™´¨≠ÆØ∞±≤≥¥µ∂∑∏π∫ªºΩæø¿¡¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ÀÃÕŒœ–—“”‘’÷◊ÿŸ⁄¤‹›fifl‡·‚„‰ÂÊÁËÈÍÎÏÌÓÔ�ÒÚÛÙıˆ˜¯˘˙˚¸˝˛ˇ"
+  },
+  "macromania": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÄÅÇÉÑÖÜáàâäãåçéèêëíìîïñóòôöõúùûü†°¢£§•¶ß®©™´¨≠ĂŞ∞±≤≥¥µ∂∑∏π∫ªºΩăş¿¡¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ÀÃÕŒœ–—“”‘’÷◊ÿŸ⁄¤‹›Ţţ‡·‚„‰ÂÊÁËÈÍÎÏÌÓÔ�ÒÚÛÙıˆ˜¯˘˙˚¸˝˛ˇ"
+  },
+  "macthai": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "«»…“”�•‘’� กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู​–—฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ™๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙®©����"
+  },
+  "macturkish": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÄÅÇÉÑÖÜáàâäãåçéèêëíìîïñóòôöõúùûü†°¢£§•¶ß®©™´¨≠ÆØ∞±≤≥¥µ∂∑∏π∫ªºΩæø¿¡¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ÀÃÕŒœ–—“”‘’÷◊ÿŸĞğİıŞş‡·‚„‰ÂÊÁËÈÍÎÏÌÓÔ�ÒÚÛÙ�ˆ˜¯˘˙˚¸˝˛ˇ"
+  },
+  "macukraine": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ†°Ґ£§•¶І®©™Ђђ≠Ѓѓ∞±≤≥іµґЈЄєЇїЉљЊњјЅ¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ЋћЌќѕ–—“”‘’÷„ЎўЏџ№Ёёяабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэю¤"
+  },
+  "koi8r": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "─│┌┐└┘├┤┬┴┼▀▄█▌▐░▒▓⌠■∙√≈≤≥ ⌡°²·÷═║╒ё╓╔╕╖╗╘╙╚╛╜╝╞╟╠╡Ё╢╣╤╥╦╧╨╩╪╫╬©юабцдефгхийклмнопярстужвьызшэщчъЮАБЦДЕФГХИЙКЛМНОПЯРСТУЖВЬЫЗШЭЩЧЪ"
+  },
+  "koi8u": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "─│┌┐└┘├┤┬┴┼▀▄█▌▐░▒▓⌠■∙√≈≤≥ ⌡°²·÷═║╒ёє╔ії╗╘╙╚╛ґ╝╞╟╠╡ЁЄ╣ІЇ╦╧╨╩╪Ґ╬©юабцдефгхийклмнопярстужвьызшэщчъЮАБЦДЕФГХИЙКЛМНОПЯРСТУЖВЬЫЗШЭЩЧЪ"
+  },
+  "koi8ru": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "─│┌┐└┘├┤┬┴┼▀▄█▌▐░▒▓⌠■∙√≈≤≥ ⌡°²·÷═║╒ёє╔ії╗╘╙╚╛ґў╞╟╠╡ЁЄ╣ІЇ╦╧╨╩╪ҐЎ©юабцдефгхийклмнопярстужвьызшэщчъЮАБЦДЕФГХИЙКЛМНОПЯРСТУЖВЬЫЗШЭЩЧЪ"
+  },
+  "koi8t": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "қғ‚Ғ„…†‡�‰ҳ‹ҲҷҶ�Қ‘’“”•–—�™�›�����ӯӮё¤ӣ¦§���«¬­®�°±²Ё�Ӣ¶·�№�»���©юабцдефгхийклмнопярстужвьызшэщчъЮАБЦДЕФГХИЙКЛМНОПЯРСТУЖВЬЫЗШЭЩЧЪ"
+  },
+  "armscii8": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ �և։)(»«—.՝,-֊…՜՛՞ԱաԲբԳգԴդԵեԶզԷէԸըԹթԺժԻիԼլԽխԾծԿկՀհՁձՂղՃճՄմՅյՆնՇշՈոՉչՊպՋջՌռՍսՎվՏտՐրՑցՒւՓփՔքՕօՖֆ՚�"
+  },
+  "rk1048": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ЂЃ‚ѓ„…†‡€‰Љ‹ЊҚҺЏђ‘’“”•–—�™љ›њқһџ ҰұӘ¤Ө¦§Ё©Ғ«¬­®Ү°±Ііөµ¶·ё№ғ»әҢңүАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя"
+  },
+  "tcvn": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "\u0000ÚỤ\u0003ỪỬỮ\u0007\b\t\n\u000b\f\r\u000e\u000f\u0010ỨỰỲỶỸÝỴ\u0018\u0019\u001a\u001b\u001c\u001d\u001e\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ÀẢÃÁẠẶẬÈẺẼÉẸỆÌỈĨÍỊÒỎÕÓỌỘỜỞỠỚỢÙỦŨ ĂÂÊÔƠƯĐăâêôơưđẶ̀̀̉̃́àảãáạẲằẳẵắẴẮẦẨẪẤỀặầẩẫấậèỂẻẽéẹềểễếệìỉỄẾỒĩíịòỔỏõóọồổỗốộờởỡớợùỖủũúụừửữứựỳỷỹýỵỐ"
+  },
+  "georgianacademy": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿აბგდევზთიკლმნოპჟრსტუფქღყშჩცძწჭხჯჰჱჲჳჴჵჶçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ"
+  },
+  "georgianps": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿აბგდევზჱთიკლმნჲოპჟრსტჳუფქღყშჩცძწჭხჴჯჰჵæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ"
+  },
+  "pt154": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ҖҒӮғ„…ҶҮҲүҠӢҢҚҺҸҗ‘’“”•–—ҳҷҡӣңқһҹ ЎўЈӨҘҰ§Ё©Ә«¬ӯ®Ҝ°ұІіҙө¶·ё№ә»јҪҫҝАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя"
+  },
+  "viscii": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "\u0000\u0001Ẳ\u0003\u0004ẴẪ\u0007\b\t\n\u000b\f\r\u000e\u000f\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013Ỷ\u0015\u0016\u0017\u0018Ỹ\u001a\u001b\u001c\u001dỴ\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ẠẮẰẶẤẦẨẬẼẸẾỀỂỄỆỐỒỔỖỘỢỚỜỞỊỎỌỈỦŨỤỲÕắằặấầẩậẽẹếềểễệốồổỗỠƠộờởịỰỨỪỬơớƯÀÁÂÃẢĂẳẵÈÉÊẺÌÍĨỳĐứÒÓÔạỷừửÙÚỹỵÝỡưàáâãảăữẫèéêẻìíĩỉđựòóôõỏọụùúũủýợỮ"
+  },
+  "iso646cn": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "\u0000\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\b\t\n\u000b\f\r\u000e\u000f\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013\u0014\u0015\u0016\u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a\u001b\u001c\u001d\u001e\u001f !\"#¥%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}‾��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������"
+  },
+  "iso646jp": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "\u0000\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\b\t\n\u000b\f\r\u000e\u000f\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013\u0014\u0015\u0016\u0017\u0018\u0019\u001a\u001b\u001c\u001d\u001e\u001f !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[¥]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}‾��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������"
+  },
+  "hproman8": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ÀÂÈÊËÎÏ´ˋˆ¨˜ÙÛ₤¯Ýý°ÇçÑñ¡¿¤£¥§ƒ¢âêôûáéóúàèòùäëöüÅîØÆåíøæÄìÖÜÉïßÔÁÃãÐðÍÌÓÒÕõŠšÚŸÿÞþ·µ¶¾—¼½ªº«■»±�"
+  },
+  "macintosh": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "ÄÅÇÉÑÖÜáàâäãåçéèêëíìîïñóòôöõúùûü†°¢£§•¶ß®©™´¨≠ÆØ∞±≤≥¥µ∂∑∏π∫ªºΩæø¿¡¬√ƒ≈∆«»… ÀÃÕŒœ–—“”‘’÷◊ÿŸ⁄¤‹›fifl‡·‚„‰ÂÊÁËÈÍÎÏÌÓÔ�ÒÚÛÙıˆ˜¯˘˙˚¸˝˛ˇ"
+  },
+  "ascii": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������"
+  },
+  "tis620": {
+    "type": "_sbcs",
+    "chars": "���������������������������������กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู����฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛����"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-data.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-data.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdb81a39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/sbcs-data.js
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"use strict";
+
+// Manually added data to be used by sbcs codec in addition to generated one.
+
+module.exports = {
+    // Not supported by iconv, not sure why.
+    "10029": "maccenteuro",
+    "maccenteuro": {
+        "type": "_sbcs",
+        "chars": "ÄĀāÉĄÖÜáąČäčĆć鏟ĎíďĒēĖóėôöõúĚěü†°Ę£§•¶ß®©™ę¨≠ģĮįĪ≤≥īĶ∂∑łĻļĽľĹĺŅņѬ√ńŇ∆«»… ňŐÕőŌ–—“”‘’÷◊ōŔŕŘ‹›řŖŗŠ‚„šŚśÁŤťÍŽžŪÓÔūŮÚůŰűŲųÝýķŻŁżĢˇ"
+    },
+
+    "808": "cp808",
+    "ibm808": "cp808",
+    "cp808": {
+        "type": "_sbcs",
+        "chars": "АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмноп░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╙╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█▄▌▐▀рстуфхцчшщъыьэюяЁёЄєЇїЎў°∙·√№€■ "
+    },
+
+    "mik": {
+        "type": "_sbcs",
+        "chars": "АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя└┴┬├─┼╣║╚╔╩╦╠═╬┐░▒▓│┤№§╗╝┘┌█▄▌▐▀αßΓπΣσµτΦΘΩδ∞φε∩≡±≥≤⌠⌡÷≈°∙·√ⁿ²■ "
+    },
+
+    // Aliases of generated encodings.
+    "ascii8bit": "ascii",
+    "usascii": "ascii",
+    "ansix34": "ascii",
+    "ansix341968": "ascii",
+    "ansix341986": "ascii",
+    "csascii": "ascii",
+    "cp367": "ascii",
+    "ibm367": "ascii",
+    "isoir6": "ascii",
+    "iso646us": "ascii",
+    "iso646irv": "ascii",
+    "us": "ascii",
+
+    "latin1": "iso88591",
+    "latin2": "iso88592",
+    "latin3": "iso88593",
+    "latin4": "iso88594",
+    "latin5": "iso88599",
+    "latin6": "iso885910",
+    "latin7": "iso885913",
+    "latin8": "iso885914",
+    "latin9": "iso885915",
+    "latin10": "iso885916",
+
+    "csisolatin1": "iso88591",
+    "csisolatin2": "iso88592",
+    "csisolatin3": "iso88593",
+    "csisolatin4": "iso88594",
+    "csisolatincyrillic": "iso88595",
+    "csisolatinarabic": "iso88596",
+    "csisolatingreek" : "iso88597",
+    "csisolatinhebrew": "iso88598",
+    "csisolatin5": "iso88599",
+    "csisolatin6": "iso885910",
+
+    "l1": "iso88591",
+    "l2": "iso88592",
+    "l3": "iso88593",
+    "l4": "iso88594",
+    "l5": "iso88599",
+    "l6": "iso885910",
+    "l7": "iso885913",
+    "l8": "iso885914",
+    "l9": "iso885915",
+    "l10": "iso885916",
+
+    "isoir14": "iso646jp",
+    "isoir57": "iso646cn",
+    "isoir100": "iso88591",
+    "isoir101": "iso88592",
+    "isoir109": "iso88593",
+    "isoir110": "iso88594",
+    "isoir144": "iso88595",
+    "isoir127": "iso88596",
+    "isoir126": "iso88597",
+    "isoir138": "iso88598",
+    "isoir148": "iso88599",
+    "isoir157": "iso885910",
+    "isoir166": "tis620",
+    "isoir179": "iso885913",
+    "isoir199": "iso885914",
+    "isoir203": "iso885915",
+    "isoir226": "iso885916",
+
+    "cp819": "iso88591",
+    "ibm819": "iso88591",
+
+    "cyrillic": "iso88595",
+
+    "arabic": "iso88596",
+    "arabic8": "iso88596",
+    "ecma114": "iso88596",
+    "asmo708": "iso88596",
+
+    "greek" : "iso88597",
+    "greek8" : "iso88597",
+    "ecma118" : "iso88597",
+    "elot928" : "iso88597",
+
+    "hebrew": "iso88598",
+    "hebrew8": "iso88598",
+
+    "turkish": "iso88599",
+    "turkish8": "iso88599",
+
+    "thai": "iso885911",
+    "thai8": "iso885911",
+
+    "celtic": "iso885914",
+    "celtic8": "iso885914",
+    "isoceltic": "iso885914",
+
+    "tis6200": "tis620",
+    "tis62025291": "tis620",
+    "tis62025330": "tis620",
+
+    "10000": "macroman",
+    "10006": "macgreek",
+    "10007": "maccyrillic",
+    "10079": "maciceland",
+    "10081": "macturkish",
+
+    "cspc8codepage437": "cp437",
+    "cspc775baltic": "cp775",
+    "cspc850multilingual": "cp850",
+    "cspcp852": "cp852",
+    "cspc862latinhebrew": "cp862",
+    "cpgr": "cp869",
+
+    "msee": "cp1250",
+    "mscyrl": "cp1251",
+    "msansi": "cp1252",
+    "msgreek": "cp1253",
+    "msturk": "cp1254",
+    "mshebr": "cp1255",
+    "msarab": "cp1256",
+    "winbaltrim": "cp1257",
+
+    "cp20866": "koi8r",
+    "20866": "koi8r",
+    "ibm878": "koi8r",
+    "cskoi8r": "koi8r",
+
+    "cp21866": "koi8u",
+    "21866": "koi8u",
+    "ibm1168": "koi8u",
+
+    "strk10482002": "rk1048",
+
+    "tcvn5712": "tcvn",
+    "tcvn57121": "tcvn",
+
+    "gb198880": "iso646cn",
+    "cn": "iso646cn",
+
+    "csiso14jisc6220ro": "iso646jp",
+    "jisc62201969ro": "iso646jp",
+    "jp": "iso646jp",
+
+    "cshproman8": "hproman8",
+    "r8": "hproman8",
+    "roman8": "hproman8",
+    "xroman8": "hproman8",
+    "ibm1051": "hproman8",
+
+    "mac": "macintosh",
+    "csmacintosh": "macintosh",
+};
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/big5-added.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/big5-added.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c3d3c2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/big5-added.json
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+[
+["8740","䏰䰲䘃䖦䕸𧉧䵷䖳𧲱䳢𧳅㮕䜶䝄䱇䱀𤊿𣘗𧍒𦺋𧃒䱗𪍑䝏䗚䲅𧱬䴇䪤䚡𦬣爥𥩔𡩣𣸆𣽡晍囻"],
+["8767","綕夝𨮹㷴霴𧯯寛𡵞媤㘥𩺰嫑宷峼杮薓𩥅瑡璝㡵𡵓𣚞𦀡㻬"],
+["87a1","𥣞㫵竼龗𤅡𨤍𣇪𠪊𣉞䌊蒄龖鐯䤰蘓墖靊鈘秐稲晠権袝瑌篅枂稬剏遆㓦珄𥶹瓆鿇垳䤯呌䄱𣚎堘穲𧭥讏䚮𦺈䆁𥶙箮𢒼鿈𢓁𢓉𢓌鿉蔄𣖻䂴鿊䓡𪷿拁灮鿋"],
+["8840","㇀",4,"𠄌㇅𠃑𠃍㇆㇇𠃋𡿨㇈𠃊㇉㇊㇋㇌𠄎㇍㇎ĀÁǍÀĒÉĚÈŌÓǑÒ࿿Ê̄Ế࿿Ê̌ỀÊāáǎàɑēéěèīíǐìōóǒòūúǔùǖǘǚ"],
+["88a1","ǜü࿿ê̄ế࿿ê̌ềêɡ⏚⏛"],
+["8940","𪎩𡅅"],
+["8943","攊"],
+["8946","丽滝鵎釟"],
+["894c","𧜵撑会伨侨兖兴农凤务动医华发变团声处备夲头学实実岚庆总斉柾栄桥济炼电纤纬纺织经统缆缷艺苏药视设询车轧轮"],
+["89a1","琑糼緍楆竉刧"],
+["89ab","醌碸酞肼"],
+["89b0","贋胶𠧧"],
+["89b5","肟黇䳍鷉鸌䰾𩷶𧀎鸊𪄳㗁"],
+["89c1","溚舾甙"],
+["89c5","䤑马骏龙禇𨑬𡷊𠗐𢫦两亁亀亇亿仫伷㑌侽㹈倃傈㑽㒓㒥円夅凛凼刅争剹劐匧㗇厩㕑厰㕓参吣㕭㕲㚁咓咣咴咹哐哯唘唣唨㖘唿㖥㖿嗗㗅"],
+["8a40","𧶄唥"],
+["8a43","𠱂𠴕𥄫喐𢳆㧬𠍁蹆𤶸𩓥䁓𨂾睺𢰸㨴䟕𨅝𦧲𤷪擝𠵼𠾴𠳕𡃴撍蹾𠺖𠰋𠽤𢲩𨉖𤓓"],
+["8a64","𠵆𩩍𨃩䟴𤺧𢳂骲㩧𩗴㿭㔆𥋇𩟔𧣈𢵄鵮頕"],
+["8a76","䏙𦂥撴哣𢵌𢯊𡁷㧻𡁯"],
+["8aa1","𦛚𦜖𧦠擪𥁒𠱃蹨𢆡𨭌𠜱"],
+["8aac","䠋𠆩㿺塳𢶍"],
+["8ab2","𤗈𠓼𦂗𠽌𠶖啹䂻䎺"],
+["8abb","䪴𢩦𡂝膪飵𠶜捹㧾𢝵跀嚡摼㹃"],
+["8ac9","𪘁𠸉𢫏𢳉"],
+["8ace","𡃈𣧂㦒㨆𨊛㕸𥹉𢃇噒𠼱𢲲𩜠㒼氽𤸻"],
+["8adf","𧕴𢺋𢈈𪙛𨳍𠹺𠰴𦠜羓𡃏𢠃𢤹㗻𥇣𠺌𠾍𠺪㾓𠼰𠵇𡅏𠹌"],
+["8af6","𠺫𠮩𠵈𡃀𡄽㿹𢚖搲𠾭"],
+["8b40","𣏴𧘹𢯎𠵾𠵿𢱑𢱕㨘𠺘𡃇𠼮𪘲𦭐𨳒𨶙𨳊閪哌苄喹"],
+["8b55","𩻃鰦骶𧝞𢷮煀腭胬尜𦕲脴㞗卟𨂽醶𠻺𠸏𠹷𠻻㗝𤷫㘉𠳖嚯𢞵𡃉𠸐𠹸𡁸𡅈𨈇𡑕𠹹𤹐𢶤婔𡀝𡀞𡃵𡃶垜𠸑"],
+["8ba1","𧚔𨋍𠾵𠹻𥅾㜃𠾶𡆀𥋘𪊽𤧚𡠺𤅷𨉼墙剨㘚𥜽箲孨䠀䬬鼧䧧鰟鮍𥭴𣄽嗻㗲嚉丨夂𡯁屮靑𠂆乛亻㔾尣彑忄㣺扌攵歺氵氺灬爫丬犭𤣩罒礻糹罓𦉪㓁"],
+["8bde","𦍋耂肀𦘒𦥑卝衤见𧢲讠贝钅镸长门𨸏韦页风飞饣𩠐鱼鸟黄歯龜丷𠂇阝户钢"],
+["8c40","倻淾𩱳龦㷉袏𤅎灷峵䬠𥇍㕙𥴰愢𨨲辧釶熑朙玺𣊁𪄇㲋𡦀䬐磤琂冮𨜏䀉橣𪊺䈣蘏𠩯稪𩥇𨫪靕灍匤𢁾鏴盙𨧣龧矝亣俰傼丯众龨吴綋墒壐𡶶庒庙忂𢜒斋"],
+["8ca1","𣏹椙橃𣱣泿"],
+["8ca7","爀𤔅玌㻛𤨓嬕璹讃𥲤𥚕窓篬糃繬苸薗龩袐龪躹龫迏蕟駠鈡龬𨶹𡐿䁱䊢娚"],
+["8cc9","顨杫䉶圽"],
+["8cce","藖𤥻芿𧄍䲁𦵴嵻𦬕𦾾龭龮宖龯曧繛湗秊㶈䓃𣉖𢞖䎚䔶"],
+["8ce6","峕𣬚諹屸㴒𣕑嵸龲煗䕘𤃬𡸣䱷㥸㑊𠆤𦱁諌侴𠈹妿腬顖𩣺弻"],
+["8d40","𠮟"],
+["8d42","𢇁𨥭䄂䚻𩁹㼇龳𪆵䃸㟖䛷𦱆䅼𨚲𧏿䕭㣔𥒚䕡䔛䶉䱻䵶䗪㿈𤬏㙡䓞䒽䇭崾嵈嵖㷼㠏嶤嶹㠠㠸幂庽弥徃㤈㤔㤿㥍惗愽峥㦉憷憹懏㦸戬抐拥挘㧸嚱"],
+["8da1","㨃揢揻搇摚㩋擀崕嘡龟㪗斆㪽旿晓㫲暒㬢朖㭂枤栀㭘桊梄㭲㭱㭻椉楃牜楤榟榅㮼槖㯝橥橴橱檂㯬檙㯲檫檵櫔櫶殁毁毪汵沪㳋洂洆洦涁㳯涤涱渕渘温溆𨧀溻滢滚齿滨滩漤漴㵆𣽁澁澾㵪㵵熷岙㶊瀬㶑灐灔灯灿炉𠌥䏁㗱𠻘"],
+["8e40","𣻗垾𦻓焾𥟠㙎榢𨯩孴穉𥣡𩓙穥穽𥦬窻窰竂竃燑𦒍䇊竚竝竪䇯咲𥰁笋筕笩𥌎𥳾箢筯莜𥮴𦱿篐萡箒箸𥴠㶭𥱥蒒篺簆簵𥳁籄粃𤢂粦晽𤕸糉糇糦籴糳糵糎"],
+["8ea1","繧䔝𦹄絝𦻖璍綉綫焵綳緒𤁗𦀩緤㴓緵𡟹緥𨍭縝𦄡𦅚繮纒䌫鑬縧罀罁罇礶𦋐駡羗𦍑羣𡙡𠁨䕜𣝦䔃𨌺翺𦒉者耈耝耨耯𪂇𦳃耻耼聡𢜔䦉𦘦𣷣𦛨朥肧𨩈脇脚墰𢛶汿𦒘𤾸擧𡒊舘𡡞橓𤩥𤪕䑺舩𠬍𦩒𣵾俹𡓽蓢荢𦬊𤦧𣔰𡝳𣷸芪椛芳䇛"],
+["8f40","蕋苐茚𠸖𡞴㛁𣅽𣕚艻苢茘𣺋𦶣𦬅𦮗𣗎㶿茝嗬莅䔋𦶥莬菁菓㑾𦻔橗蕚㒖𦹂𢻯葘𥯤葱㷓䓤檧葊𣲵祘蒨𦮖𦹷𦹃蓞萏莑䒠蒓蓤𥲑䉀𥳀䕃蔴嫲𦺙䔧蕳䔖枿蘖"],
+["8fa1","𨘥𨘻藁𧂈蘂𡖂𧃍䕫䕪蘨㙈𡢢号𧎚虾蝱𪃸蟮𢰧螱蟚蠏噡虬桖䘏衅衆𧗠𣶹𧗤衞袜䙛袴袵揁装睷𧜏覇覊覦覩覧覼𨨥觧𧤤𧪽誜瞓釾誐𧩙竩𧬺𣾏䜓𧬸煼謌謟𥐰𥕥謿譌譍誩𤩺讐讛誯𡛟䘕衏貛𧵔𧶏貫㜥𧵓賖𧶘𧶽贒贃𡤐賛灜贑𤳉㻐起"],
+["9040","趩𨀂𡀔𤦊㭼𨆼𧄌竧躭躶軃鋔輙輭𨍥𨐒辥錃𪊟𠩐辳䤪𨧞𨔽𣶻廸𣉢迹𪀔𨚼𨔁𢌥㦀𦻗逷𨔼𧪾遡𨕬𨘋邨𨜓郄𨛦邮都酧㫰醩釄粬𨤳𡺉鈎沟鉁鉢𥖹銹𨫆𣲛𨬌𥗛"],
+["90a1","𠴱錬鍫𨫡𨯫炏嫃𨫢𨫥䥥鉄𨯬𨰹𨯿鍳鑛躼閅閦鐦閠濶䊹𢙺𨛘𡉼𣸮䧟氜陻隖䅬隣𦻕懚隶磵𨫠隽双䦡𦲸𠉴𦐐𩂯𩃥𤫑𡤕𣌊霱虂霶䨏䔽䖅𤫩灵孁霛靜𩇕靗孊𩇫靟鐥僐𣂷𣂼鞉鞟鞱鞾韀韒韠𥑬韮琜𩐳響韵𩐝𧥺䫑頴頳顋顦㬎𧅵㵑𠘰𤅜"],
+["9140","𥜆飊颷飈飇䫿𦴧𡛓喰飡飦飬鍸餹𤨩䭲𩡗𩤅駵騌騻騐驘𥜥㛄𩂱𩯕髠髢𩬅髴䰎鬔鬭𨘀倴鬴𦦨㣃𣁽魐魀𩴾婅𡡣鮎𤉋鰂鯿鰌𩹨鷔𩾷𪆒𪆫𪃡𪄣𪇟鵾鶃𪄴鸎梈"],
+["91a1","鷄𢅛𪆓𪈠𡤻𪈳鴹𪂹𪊴麐麕麞麢䴴麪麯𤍤黁㭠㧥㴝伲㞾𨰫鼂鼈䮖鐤𦶢鼗鼖鼹嚟嚊齅馸𩂋韲葿齢齩竜龎爖䮾𤥵𤦻煷𤧸𤍈𤩑玞𨯚𡣺禟𨥾𨸶鍩鏳𨩄鋬鎁鏋𨥬𤒹爗㻫睲穃烐𤑳𤏸煾𡟯炣𡢾𣖙㻇𡢅𥐯𡟸㜢𡛻𡠹㛡𡝴𡣑𥽋㜣𡛀坛𤨥𡏾𡊨"],
+["9240","𡏆𡒶蔃𣚦蔃葕𤦔𧅥𣸱𥕜𣻻𧁒䓴𣛮𩦝𦼦柹㜳㰕㷧塬𡤢栐䁗𣜿𤃡𤂋𤄏𦰡哋嚞𦚱嚒𠿟𠮨𠸍鏆𨬓鎜仸儫㠙𤐶亼𠑥𠍿佋侊𥙑婨𠆫𠏋㦙𠌊𠐔㐵伩𠋀𨺳𠉵諚𠈌亘"],
+["92a1","働儍侢伃𤨎𣺊佂倮偬傁俌俥偘僼兙兛兝兞湶𣖕𣸹𣺿浲𡢄𣺉冨凃𠗠䓝𠒣𠒒𠒑赺𨪜𠜎剙劤𠡳勡鍮䙺熌𤎌𠰠𤦬𡃤槑𠸝瑹㻞璙琔瑖玘䮎𤪼𤂍叐㖄爏𤃉喴𠍅响𠯆圝鉝雴鍦埝垍坿㘾壋媙𨩆𡛺𡝯𡜐娬妸銏婾嫏娒𥥆𡧳𡡡𤊕㛵洅瑃娡𥺃"],
+["9340","媁𨯗𠐓鏠璌𡌃焅䥲鐈𨧻鎽㞠尞岞幞幈𡦖𡥼𣫮廍孏𡤃𡤄㜁𡢠㛝𡛾㛓脪𨩇𡶺𣑲𨦨弌弎𡤧𡞫婫𡜻孄蘔𧗽衠恾𢡠𢘫忛㺸𢖯𢖾𩂈𦽳懀𠀾𠁆𢘛憙憘恵𢲛𢴇𤛔𩅍"],
+["93a1","摱𤙥𢭪㨩𢬢𣑐𩣪𢹸挷𪑛撶挱揑𤧣𢵧护𢲡搻敫楲㯴𣂎𣊭𤦉𣊫唍𣋠𡣙𩐿曎𣊉𣆳㫠䆐𥖄𨬢𥖏𡛼𥕛𥐥磮𣄃𡠪𣈴㑤𣈏𣆂𤋉暎𦴤晫䮓昰𧡰𡷫晣𣋒𣋡昞𥡲㣑𣠺𣞼㮙𣞢𣏾瓐㮖枏𤘪梶栞㯄檾㡣𣟕𤒇樳橒櫉欅𡤒攑梘橌㯗橺歗𣿀𣲚鎠鋲𨯪𨫋"],
+["9440","銉𨀞𨧜鑧涥漋𤧬浧𣽿㶏渄𤀼娽渊塇洤硂焻𤌚𤉶烱牐犇犔𤞏𤜥兹𤪤𠗫瑺𣻸𣙟𤩊𤤗𥿡㼆㺱𤫟𨰣𣼵悧㻳瓌琼鎇琷䒟𦷪䕑疃㽣𤳙𤴆㽘畕癳𪗆㬙瑨𨫌𤦫𤦎㫻"],
+["94a1","㷍𤩎㻿𤧅𤣳釺圲鍂𨫣𡡤僟𥈡𥇧睸𣈲眎眏睻𤚗𣞁㩞𤣰琸璛㺿𤪺𤫇䃈𤪖𦆮錇𥖁砞碍碈磒珐祙𧝁𥛣䄎禛蒖禥樭𣻺稺秴䅮𡛦䄲鈵秱𠵌𤦌𠊙𣶺𡝮㖗啫㕰㚪𠇔𠰍竢婙𢛵𥪯𥪜娍𠉛磰娪𥯆竾䇹籝籭䈑𥮳𥺼𥺦糍𤧹𡞰粎籼粮檲緜縇緓罎𦉡"],
+["9540","𦅜𧭈綗𥺂䉪𦭵𠤖柖𠁎𣗏埄𦐒𦏸𤥢翝笧𠠬𥫩𥵃笌𥸎駦虅驣樜𣐿㧢𤧷𦖭騟𦖠蒀𧄧𦳑䓪脷䐂胆脉腂𦞴飃𦩂艢艥𦩑葓𦶧蘐𧈛媆䅿𡡀嬫𡢡嫤𡣘蚠蜨𣶏蠭𧐢娂"],
+["95a1","衮佅袇袿裦襥襍𥚃襔𧞅𧞄𨯵𨯙𨮜𨧹㺭蒣䛵䛏㟲訽訜𩑈彍鈫𤊄旔焩烄𡡅鵭貟賩𧷜妚矃姰䍮㛔踪躧𤰉輰轊䋴汘澻𢌡䢛潹溋𡟚鯩㚵𤤯邻邗啱䤆醻鐄𨩋䁢𨫼鐧𨰝𨰻蓥訫閙閧閗閖𨴴瑅㻂𤣿𤩂𤏪㻧𣈥随𨻧𨹦𨹥㻌𤧭𤩸𣿮琒瑫㻼靁𩂰"],
+["9640","桇䨝𩂓𥟟靝鍨𨦉𨰦𨬯𦎾銺嬑譩䤼珹𤈛鞛靱餸𠼦巁𨯅𤪲頟𩓚鋶𩗗釥䓀𨭐𤩧𨭤飜𨩅㼀鈪䤥萔餻饍𧬆㷽馛䭯馪驜𨭥𥣈檏騡嫾騯𩣱䮐𩥈馼䮽䮗鍽塲𡌂堢𤦸"],
+["96a1","𡓨硄𢜟𣶸棅㵽鑘㤧慐𢞁𢥫愇鱏鱓鱻鰵鰐魿鯏𩸭鮟𪇵𪃾鴡䲮𤄄鸘䲰鴌𪆴𪃭𪃳𩤯鶥蒽𦸒𦿟𦮂藼䔳𦶤𦺄𦷰萠藮𦸀𣟗𦁤秢𣖜𣙀䤭𤧞㵢鏛銾鍈𠊿碹鉷鑍俤㑀遤𥕝砽硔碶硋𡝗𣇉𤥁㚚佲濚濙瀞瀞吔𤆵垻壳垊鴖埗焴㒯𤆬燫𦱀𤾗嬨𡞵𨩉"],
+["9740","愌嫎娋䊼𤒈㜬䭻𨧼鎻鎸𡣖𠼝葲𦳀𡐓𤋺𢰦𤏁妔𣶷𦝁綨𦅛𦂤𤦹𤦋𨧺鋥珢㻩璴𨭣𡢟㻡𤪳櫘珳珻㻖𤨾𤪔𡟙𤩦𠎧𡐤𤧥瑈𤤖炥𤥶銄珦鍟𠓾錱𨫎𨨖鎆𨯧𥗕䤵𨪂煫"],
+["97a1","𤥃𠳿嚤𠘚𠯫𠲸唂秄𡟺緾𡛂𤩐𡡒䔮鐁㜊𨫀𤦭妰𡢿𡢃𧒄媡㛢𣵛㚰鉟婹𨪁𡡢鍴㳍𠪴䪖㦊僴㵩㵌𡎜煵䋻𨈘渏𩃤䓫浗𧹏灧沯㳖𣿭𣸭渂漌㵯𠏵畑㚼㓈䚀㻚䡱姄鉮䤾轁𨰜𦯀堒埈㛖𡑒烾𤍢𤩱𢿣𡊰𢎽梹楧𡎘𣓥𧯴𣛟𨪃𣟖𣏺𤲟樚𣚭𦲷萾䓟䓎"],
+["9840","𦴦𦵑𦲂𦿞漗𧄉茽𡜺菭𦲀𧁓𡟛妉媂𡞳婡婱𡤅𤇼㜭姯𡜼㛇熎鎐暚𤊥婮娫𤊓樫𣻹𧜶𤑛𤋊焝𤉙𨧡侰𦴨峂𤓎𧹍𤎽樌𤉖𡌄炦焳𤏩㶥泟勇𤩏繥姫崯㷳彜𤩝𡟟綤萦"],
+["98a1","咅𣫺𣌀𠈔坾𠣕𠘙㿥𡾞𪊶瀃𩅛嵰玏糓𨩙𩐠俈翧狍猐𧫴猸猹𥛶獁獈㺩𧬘遬燵𤣲珡臶㻊県㻑沢国琙琞琟㻢㻰㻴㻺瓓㼎㽓畂畭畲疍㽼痈痜㿀癍㿗癴㿜発𤽜熈嘣覀塩䀝睃䀹条䁅㗛瞘䁪䁯属瞾矋売砘点砜䂨砹硇硑硦葈𥔵礳栃礲䄃"],
+["9940","䄉禑禙辻稆込䅧窑䆲窼艹䇄竏竛䇏両筢筬筻簒簛䉠䉺类粜䊌粸䊔糭输烀𠳏総緔緐緽羮羴犟䎗耠耥笹耮耱联㷌垴炠肷胩䏭脌猪脎脒畠脔䐁㬹腖腙腚"],
+["99a1","䐓堺腼膄䐥膓䐭膥埯臁臤艔䒏芦艶苊苘苿䒰荗险榊萅烵葤惣蒈䔄蒾蓡蓸蔐蔸蕒䔻蕯蕰藠䕷虲蚒蚲蛯际螋䘆䘗袮裿褤襇覑𧥧訩訸誔誴豑賔賲贜䞘塟跃䟭仮踺嗘坔蹱嗵躰䠷軎転軤軭軲辷迁迊迌逳駄䢭飠鈓䤞鈨鉘鉫銱銮銿"],
+["9a40","鋣鋫鋳鋴鋽鍃鎄鎭䥅䥑麿鐗匁鐝鐭鐾䥪鑔鑹锭関䦧间阳䧥枠䨤靀䨵鞲韂噔䫤惨颹䬙飱塄餎餙冴餜餷饂饝饢䭰駅䮝騼鬏窃魩鮁鯝鯱鯴䱭鰠㝯𡯂鵉鰺"],
+["9aa1","黾噐鶓鶽鷀鷼银辶鹻麬麱麽黆铜黢黱黸竈齄𠂔𠊷𠎠椚铃妬𠓗塀铁㞹𠗕𠘕𠙶𡚺块煳𠫂𠫍𠮿呪吆𠯋咞𠯻𠰻𠱓𠱥𠱼惧𠲍噺𠲵𠳝𠳭𠵯𠶲𠷈楕鰯螥𠸄𠸎𠻗𠾐𠼭𠹳尠𠾼帋𡁜𡁏𡁶朞𡁻𡂈𡂖㙇𡂿𡃓𡄯𡄻卤蒭𡋣𡍵𡌶讁𡕷𡘙𡟃𡟇乸炻𡠭𡥪"],
+["9b40","𡨭𡩅𡰪𡱰𡲬𡻈拃𡻕𡼕熘桕𢁅槩㛈𢉼𢏗𢏺𢜪𢡱𢥏苽𢥧𢦓𢫕覥𢫨辠𢬎鞸𢬿顇骽𢱌"],
+["9b62","𢲈𢲷𥯨𢴈𢴒𢶷𢶕𢹂𢽴𢿌𣀳𣁦𣌟𣏞徱晈暿𧩹𣕧𣗳爁𤦺矗𣘚𣜖纇𠍆墵朎"],
+["9ba1","椘𣪧𧙗𥿢𣸑𣺹𧗾𢂚䣐䪸𤄙𨪚𤋮𤌍𤀻𤌴𤎖𤩅𠗊凒𠘑妟𡺨㮾𣳿𤐄𤓖垈𤙴㦛𤜯𨗨𩧉㝢𢇃譞𨭎駖𤠒𤣻𤨕爉𤫀𠱸奥𤺥𤾆𠝹軚𥀬劏圿煱𥊙𥐙𣽊𤪧喼𥑆𥑮𦭒釔㑳𥔿𧘲𥕞䜘𥕢𥕦𥟇𤤿𥡝偦㓻𣏌惞𥤃䝼𨥈𥪮𥮉𥰆𡶐垡煑澶𦄂𧰒遖𦆲𤾚譢𦐂𦑊"],
+["9c40","嵛𦯷輶𦒄𡤜諪𤧶𦒈𣿯𦔒䯀𦖿𦚵𢜛鑥𥟡憕娧晉侻嚹𤔡𦛼乪𤤴陖涏𦲽㘘襷𦞙𦡮𦐑𦡞營𦣇筂𩃀𠨑𦤦鄄𦤹穅鷰𦧺騦𦨭㙟𦑩𠀡禃𦨴𦭛崬𣔙菏𦮝䛐𦲤画补𦶮墶"],
+["9ca1","㜜𢖍𧁋𧇍㱔𧊀𧊅銁𢅺𧊋錰𧋦𤧐氹钟𧑐𠻸蠧裵𢤦𨑳𡞱溸𤨪𡠠㦤㚹尐秣䔿暶𩲭𩢤襃𧟌𧡘囖䃟𡘊㦡𣜯𨃨𡏅熭荦𧧝𩆨婧䲷𧂯𨦫𧧽𧨊𧬋𧵦𤅺筃祾𨀉澵𪋟樃𨌘厢𦸇鎿栶靝𨅯𨀣𦦵𡏭𣈯𨁈嶅𨰰𨂃圕頣𨥉嶫𤦈斾槕叒𤪥𣾁㰑朶𨂐𨃴𨄮𡾡𨅏"],
+["9d40","𨆉𨆯𨈚𨌆𨌯𨎊㗊𨑨𨚪䣺揦𨥖砈鉕𨦸䏲𨧧䏟𨧨𨭆𨯔姸𨰉輋𨿅𩃬筑𩄐𩄼㷷𩅞𤫊运犏嚋𩓧𩗩𩖰𩖸𩜲𩣑𩥉𩥪𩧃𩨨𩬎𩵚𩶛纟𩻸𩼣䲤镇𪊓熢𪋿䶑递𪗋䶜𠲜达嗁"],
+["9da1","辺𢒰边𤪓䔉繿潖檱仪㓤𨬬𧢝㜺躀𡟵𨀤𨭬𨮙𧨾𦚯㷫𧙕𣲷𥘵𥥖亚𥺁𦉘嚿𠹭踎孭𣺈𤲞揞拐𡟶𡡻攰嘭𥱊吚𥌑㷆𩶘䱽嘢嘞罉𥻘奵𣵀蝰东𠿪𠵉𣚺脗鵞贘瘻鱅癎瞹鍅吲腈苷嘥脲萘肽嗪祢噃吖𠺝㗎嘅嗱曱𨋢㘭甴嗰喺咗啲𠱁𠲖廐𥅈𠹶𢱢"],
+["9e40","𠺢麫絚嗞𡁵抝靭咔賍燶酶揼掹揾啩𢭃鱲𢺳冚㓟𠶧冧呍唞唓癦踭𦢊疱肶蠄螆裇膶萜𡃁䓬猄𤜆宐茋𦢓噻𢛴𧴯𤆣𧵳𦻐𧊶酰𡇙鈈𣳼𪚩𠺬𠻹牦𡲢䝎𤿂𧿹𠿫䃺"],
+["9ea1","鱝攟𢶠䣳𤟠𩵼𠿬𠸊恢𧖣𠿭"],
+["9ead","𦁈𡆇熣纎鵐业丄㕷嬍沲卧㚬㧜卽㚥𤘘墚𤭮舭呋垪𥪕𠥹"],
+["9ec5","㩒𢑥獴𩺬䴉鯭𣳾𩼰䱛𤾩𩖞𩿞葜𣶶𧊲𦞳𣜠挮紥𣻷𣸬㨪逈勌㹴㙺䗩𠒎癀嫰𠺶硺𧼮墧䂿噼鮋嵴癔𪐴麅䳡痹㟻愙𣃚𤏲"],
+["9ef5","噝𡊩垧𤥣𩸆刴𧂮㖭汊鵼"],
+["9f40","籖鬹埞𡝬屓擓𩓐𦌵𧅤蚭𠴨𦴢𤫢𠵱"],
+["9f4f","凾𡼏嶎霃𡷑麁遌笟鬂峑箣扨挵髿篏鬪籾鬮籂粆鰕篼鬉鼗鰛𤤾齚啳寃俽麘俲剠㸆勑坧偖妷帒韈鶫轜呩鞴饀鞺匬愰"],
+["9fa1","椬叚鰊鴂䰻陁榀傦畆𡝭駚剳"],
+["9fae","酙隁酜"],
+["9fb2","酑𨺗捿𦴣櫊嘑醎畺抅𠏼獏籰𥰡𣳽"],
+["9fc1","𤤙盖鮝个𠳔莾衂"],
+["9fc9","届槀僭坺刟巵从氱𠇲伹咜哚劚趂㗾弌㗳"],
+["9fdb","歒酼龥鮗頮颴骺麨麄煺笔"],
+["9fe7","毺蠘罸"],
+["9feb","嘠𪙊蹷齓"],
+["9ff0","跔蹏鸜踁抂𨍽踨蹵竓𤩷稾磘泪詧瘇"],
+["a040","𨩚鼦泎蟖痃𪊲硓咢贌狢獱謭猂瓱賫𤪻蘯徺袠䒷"],
+["a055","𡠻𦸅"],
+["a058","詾𢔛"],
+["a05b","惽癧髗鵄鍮鮏蟵"],
+["a063","蠏賷猬霡鮰㗖犲䰇籑饊𦅙慙䰄麖慽"],
+["a073","坟慯抦戹拎㩜懢厪𣏵捤栂㗒"],
+["a0a1","嵗𨯂迚𨸹"],
+["a0a6","僙𡵆礆匲阸𠼻䁥"],
+["a0ae","矾"],
+["a0b0","糂𥼚糚稭聦聣絍甅瓲覔舚朌聢𧒆聛瓰脃眤覉𦟌畓𦻑螩蟎臈螌詉貭譃眫瓸蓚㘵榲趦"],
+["a0d4","覩瑨涹蟁𤀑瓧㷛煶悤憜㳑煢恷"],
+["a0e2","罱𨬭牐惩䭾删㰘𣳇𥻗𧙖𥔱𡥄𡋾𩤃𦷜𧂭峁𦆭𨨏𣙷𠃮𦡆𤼎䕢嬟𦍌齐麦𦉫"],
+["a3c0","␀",31,"␡"],
+["c6a1","①",9,"⑴",9,"ⅰ",9,"丶丿亅亠冂冖冫勹匸卩厶夊宀巛⼳广廴彐彡攴无疒癶辵隶¨ˆヽヾゝゞ〃仝々〆〇ー［］✽ぁ",23],
+["c740","す",58,"ァアィイ"],
+["c7a1","ゥ",81,"А",5,"ЁЖ",4],
+["c840","Л",26,"ёж",25,"⇧↸↹㇏𠃌乚𠂊刂䒑"],
+["c8a1","龰冈龱𧘇"],
+["c8cd","￢￤＇＂㈱№℡゛゜⺀⺄⺆⺇⺈⺊⺌⺍⺕⺜⺝⺥⺧⺪⺬⺮⺶⺼⺾⻆⻊⻌⻍⻏⻖⻗⻞⻣"],
+["c8f5","ʃɐɛɔɵœøŋʊɪ"],
+["f9fe","￭"],
+["fa40","𠕇鋛𠗟𣿅蕌䊵珯况㙉𤥂𨧤鍄𡧛苮𣳈砼杄拟𤤳𨦪𠊠𦮳𡌅侫𢓭倈𦴩𧪄𣘀𤪱𢔓倩𠍾徤𠎀𠍇滛𠐟偽儁㑺儎顬㝃萖𤦤𠒇兠𣎴兪𠯿𢃼𠋥𢔰𠖎𣈳𡦃宂蝽𠖳𣲙冲冸"],
+["faa1","鴴凉减凑㳜凓𤪦决凢卂凭菍椾𣜭彻刋刦刼劵剗劔効勅簕蕂勠蘍𦬓包𨫞啉滙𣾀𠥔𣿬匳卄𠯢泋𡜦栛珕恊㺪㣌𡛨燝䒢卭却𨚫卾卿𡖖𡘓矦厓𨪛厠厫厮玧𥝲㽙玜叁叅汉义埾叙㪫𠮏叠𣿫𢶣叶𠱷吓灹唫晗浛呭𦭓𠵴啝咏咤䞦𡜍𠻝㶴𠵍"],
+["fb40","𨦼𢚘啇䳭启琗喆喩嘅𡣗𤀺䕒𤐵暳𡂴嘷曍𣊊暤暭噍噏磱囱鞇叾圀囯园𨭦㘣𡉏坆𤆥汮炋坂㚱𦱾埦𡐖堃𡑔𤍣堦𤯵塜墪㕡壠壜𡈼壻寿坃𪅐𤉸鏓㖡够梦㛃湙"],
+["fba1","𡘾娤啓𡚒蔅姉𠵎𦲁𦴪𡟜姙𡟻𡞲𦶦浱𡠨𡛕姹𦹅媫婣㛦𤦩婷㜈媖瑥嫓𦾡𢕔㶅𡤑㜲𡚸広勐孶斈孼𧨎䀄䡝𠈄寕慠𡨴𥧌𠖥寳宝䴐尅𡭄尓珎尔𡲥𦬨屉䣝岅峩峯嶋𡷹𡸷崐崘嵆𡺤岺巗苼㠭𤤁𢁉𢅳芇㠶㯂帮檊幵幺𤒼𠳓厦亷廐厨𡝱帉廴𨒂"],
+["fc40","廹廻㢠廼栾鐛弍𠇁弢㫞䢮𡌺强𦢈𢏐彘𢑱彣鞽𦹮彲鍀𨨶徧嶶㵟𥉐𡽪𧃸𢙨釖𠊞𨨩怱暅𡡷㥣㷇㘹垐𢞴祱㹀悞悤悳𤦂𤦏𧩓璤僡媠慤萤慂慈𦻒憁凴𠙖憇宪𣾷"],
+["fca1","𢡟懓𨮝𩥝懐㤲𢦀𢣁怣慜攞掋𠄘担𡝰拕𢸍捬𤧟㨗搸揸𡎎𡟼撐澊𢸶頔𤂌𥜝擡擥鑻㩦携㩗敍漖𤨨𤨣斅敭敟𣁾斵𤥀䬷旑䃘𡠩无旣忟𣐀昘𣇷𣇸晄𣆤𣆥晋𠹵晧𥇦晳晴𡸽𣈱𨗴𣇈𥌓矅𢣷馤朂𤎜𤨡㬫槺𣟂杞杧杢𤇍𩃭柗䓩栢湐鈼栁𣏦𦶠桝"],
+["fd40","𣑯槡樋𨫟楳棃𣗍椁椀㴲㨁𣘼㮀枬楡𨩊䋼椶榘㮡𠏉荣傐槹𣙙𢄪橅𣜃檝㯳枱櫈𩆜㰍欝𠤣惞欵歴𢟍溵𣫛𠎵𡥘㝀吡𣭚毡𣻼毜氷𢒋𤣱𦭑汚舦汹𣶼䓅𣶽𤆤𤤌𤤀"],
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp936.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp936.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49ddb9a1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp936.json
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
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+["fe40","兀嗀﨎﨏﨑﨓﨔礼﨟蘒﨡﨣﨤﨧﨨﨩"]
+]
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp949.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp949.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2022a007f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp949.json
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+[
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+["b481","큱큲큳큵",6,"큾큿킀킂",18,"뇟뇨뇩뇬뇰뇹뇻뇽누눅눈눋눌눔눕눗눙눠눴눼뉘뉜뉠뉨뉩뉴뉵뉼늄늅늉느늑는늘늙늚늠늡늣능늦늪늬늰늴니닉닌닐닒님닙닛닝닢다닥닦단닫",4,"닳담답닷",4,"닿대댁댄댈댐댑댓댔댕댜더덕덖던덛덜덞덟덤덥"],
+["b541","킕",14,"킦킧킩킪킫킭",5],
+["b561","킳킶킸킺",5,"탂탃탅탆탇탊",5,"탒탖",4],
+["b581","탛탞탟탡탢탣탥",6,"탮탲",5,"탹",11,"덧덩덫덮데덱덴델뎀뎁뎃뎄뎅뎌뎐뎔뎠뎡뎨뎬도독돈돋돌돎돐돔돕돗동돛돝돠돤돨돼됐되된될됨됩됫됴두둑둔둘둠둡둣둥둬뒀뒈뒝뒤뒨뒬뒵뒷뒹듀듄듈듐듕드득든듣들듦듬듭듯등듸디딕딘딛딜딤딥딧딨딩딪따딱딴딸"],
+["b641","턅",7,"턎",17],
+["b661","턠",15,"턲턳턵턶턷턹턻턼턽턾"],
+["b681","턿텂텆",5,"텎텏텑텒텓텕",6,"텞텠텢",5,"텩텪텫텭땀땁땃땄땅땋때땍땐땔땜땝땟땠땡떠떡떤떨떪떫떰떱떳떴떵떻떼떽뗀뗄뗌뗍뗏뗐뗑뗘뗬또똑똔똘똥똬똴뙈뙤뙨뚜뚝뚠뚤뚫뚬뚱뛔뛰뛴뛸뜀뜁뜅뜨뜩뜬뜯뜰뜸뜹뜻띄띈띌띔띕띠띤띨띰띱띳띵라락란랄람랍랏랐랑랒랖랗"],
+["b741","텮",13,"텽",6,"톅톆톇톉톊"],
+["b761","톋",20,"톢톣톥톦톧"],
+["b781","톩",6,"톲톴톶톷톸톹톻톽톾톿퇁",14,"래랙랜랠램랩랫랬랭랴략랸럇량러럭런럴럼럽럿렀렁렇레렉렌렐렘렙렛렝려력련렬렴렵렷렸령례롄롑롓로록론롤롬롭롯롱롸롼뢍뢨뢰뢴뢸룀룁룃룅료룐룔룝룟룡루룩룬룰룸룹룻룽뤄뤘뤠뤼뤽륀륄륌륏륑류륙륜률륨륩"],
+["b841","퇐",7,"퇙",17],
+["b861","퇫",8,"퇵퇶퇷퇹",13],
+["b881","툈툊",5,"툑",24,"륫륭르륵른를름릅릇릉릊릍릎리릭린릴림립릿링마막만많",4,"맘맙맛망맞맡맣매맥맨맬맴맵맷맸맹맺먀먁먈먕머먹먼멀멂멈멉멋멍멎멓메멕멘멜멤멥멧멨멩며멱면멸몃몄명몇몌모목몫몬몰몲몸몹못몽뫄뫈뫘뫙뫼"],
+["b941","툪툫툮툯툱툲툳툵",6,"툾퉀퉂",5,"퉉퉊퉋퉌"],
+["b961","퉍",14,"퉝",6,"퉥퉦퉧퉨"],
+["b981","퉩",22,"튂튃튅튆튇튉튊튋튌묀묄묍묏묑묘묜묠묩묫무묵묶문묻물묽묾뭄뭅뭇뭉뭍뭏뭐뭔뭘뭡뭣뭬뮈뮌뮐뮤뮨뮬뮴뮷므믄믈믐믓미믹민믿밀밂밈밉밋밌밍및밑바",4,"받",4,"밤밥밧방밭배백밴밸뱀뱁뱃뱄뱅뱉뱌뱍뱐뱝버벅번벋벌벎범법벗"],
+["ba41","튍튎튏튒튓튔튖",5,"튝튞튟튡튢튣튥",6,"튭"],
+["ba61","튮튯튰튲",5,"튺튻튽튾틁틃",4,"틊틌",5],
+["ba81","틒틓틕틖틗틙틚틛틝",6,"틦",9,"틲틳틵틶틷틹틺벙벚베벡벤벧벨벰벱벳벴벵벼벽변별볍볏볐병볕볘볜보복볶본볼봄봅봇봉봐봔봤봬뵀뵈뵉뵌뵐뵘뵙뵤뵨부북분붇불붉붊붐붑붓붕붙붚붜붤붰붸뷔뷕뷘뷜뷩뷰뷴뷸븀븃븅브븍븐블븜븝븟비빅빈빌빎빔빕빗빙빚빛빠빡빤"],
+["bb41","틻",4,"팂팄팆",5,"팏팑팒팓팕팗",4,"팞팢팣"],
+["bb61","팤팦팧팪팫팭팮팯팱",6,"팺팾",5,"퍆퍇퍈퍉"],
+["bb81","퍊",31,"빨빪빰빱빳빴빵빻빼빽뺀뺄뺌뺍뺏뺐뺑뺘뺙뺨뻐뻑뻔뻗뻘뻠뻣뻤뻥뻬뼁뼈뼉뼘뼙뼛뼜뼝뽀뽁뽄뽈뽐뽑뽕뾔뾰뿅뿌뿍뿐뿔뿜뿟뿡쀼쁑쁘쁜쁠쁨쁩삐삑삔삘삠삡삣삥사삭삯산삳살삵삶삼삽삿샀상샅새색샌샐샘샙샛샜생샤"],
+["bc41","퍪",17,"퍾퍿펁펂펃펅펆펇"],
+["bc61","펈펉펊펋펎펒",5,"펚펛펝펞펟펡",6,"펪펬펮"],
+["bc81","펯",4,"펵펶펷펹펺펻펽",6,"폆폇폊",5,"폑",5,"샥샨샬샴샵샷샹섀섄섈섐섕서",4,"섣설섦섧섬섭섯섰성섶세섹센셀셈셉셋셌셍셔셕션셜셤셥셧셨셩셰셴셸솅소속솎손솔솖솜솝솟송솥솨솩솬솰솽쇄쇈쇌쇔쇗쇘쇠쇤쇨쇰쇱쇳쇼쇽숀숄숌숍숏숑수숙순숟술숨숩숫숭"],
+["bd41","폗폙",7,"폢폤",7,"폮폯폱폲폳폵폶폷"],
+["bd61","폸폹폺폻폾퐀퐂",5,"퐉",13],
+["bd81","퐗",5,"퐞",25,"숯숱숲숴쉈쉐쉑쉔쉘쉠쉥쉬쉭쉰쉴쉼쉽쉿슁슈슉슐슘슛슝스슥슨슬슭슴습슷승시식신싣실싫심십싯싱싶싸싹싻싼쌀쌈쌉쌌쌍쌓쌔쌕쌘쌜쌤쌥쌨쌩썅써썩썬썰썲썸썹썼썽쎄쎈쎌쏀쏘쏙쏜쏟쏠쏢쏨쏩쏭쏴쏵쏸쐈쐐쐤쐬쐰"],
+["be41","퐸",7,"푁푂푃푅",14],
+["be61","푔",7,"푝푞푟푡푢푣푥",7,"푮푰푱푲"],
+["be81","푳",4,"푺푻푽푾풁풃",4,"풊풌풎",5,"풕",8,"쐴쐼쐽쑈쑤쑥쑨쑬쑴쑵쑹쒀쒔쒜쒸쒼쓩쓰쓱쓴쓸쓺쓿씀씁씌씐씔씜씨씩씬씰씸씹씻씽아악안앉않알앍앎앓암압앗았앙앝앞애액앤앨앰앱앳앴앵야약얀얄얇얌얍얏양얕얗얘얜얠얩어억언얹얻얼얽얾엄",6,"엌엎"],
+["bf41","풞",10,"풪",14],
+["bf61","풹",18,"퓍퓎퓏퓑퓒퓓퓕"],
+["bf81","퓖",5,"퓝퓞퓠",7,"퓩퓪퓫퓭퓮퓯퓱",6,"퓹퓺퓼에엑엔엘엠엡엣엥여역엮연열엶엷염",5,"옅옆옇예옌옐옘옙옛옜오옥온올옭옮옰옳옴옵옷옹옻와왁완왈왐왑왓왔왕왜왝왠왬왯왱외왹왼욀욈욉욋욍요욕욘욜욤욥욧용우욱운울욹욺움웁웃웅워웍원월웜웝웠웡웨"],
+["c041","퓾",5,"픅픆픇픉픊픋픍",6,"픖픘",5],
+["c061","픞",25],
+["c081","픸픹픺픻픾픿핁핂핃핅",6,"핎핐핒",5,"핚핛핝핞핟핡핢핣웩웬웰웸웹웽위윅윈윌윔윕윗윙유육윤율윰윱윳융윷으윽은을읊음읍읏응",7,"읜읠읨읫이익인일읽읾잃임입잇있잉잊잎자작잔잖잗잘잚잠잡잣잤장잦재잭잰잴잼잽잿쟀쟁쟈쟉쟌쟎쟐쟘쟝쟤쟨쟬저적전절젊"],
+["c141","핤핦핧핪핬핮",5,"핶핷핹핺핻핽",6,"햆햊햋"],
+["c161","햌햍햎햏햑",19,"햦햧"],
+["c181","햨",31,"점접젓정젖제젝젠젤젬젭젯젱져젼졀졈졉졌졍졔조족존졸졺좀좁좃종좆좇좋좌좍좔좝좟좡좨좼좽죄죈죌죔죕죗죙죠죡죤죵주죽준줄줅줆줌줍줏중줘줬줴쥐쥑쥔쥘쥠쥡쥣쥬쥰쥴쥼즈즉즌즐즘즙즛증지직진짇질짊짐집짓"],
+["c241","헊헋헍헎헏헑헓",4,"헚헜헞",5,"헦헧헩헪헫헭헮"],
+["c261","헯",4,"헶헸헺",5,"혂혃혅혆혇혉",6,"혒"],
+["c281","혖",5,"혝혞혟혡혢혣혥",7,"혮",9,"혺혻징짖짙짚짜짝짠짢짤짧짬짭짯짰짱째짹짼쨀쨈쨉쨋쨌쨍쨔쨘쨩쩌쩍쩐쩔쩜쩝쩟쩠쩡쩨쩽쪄쪘쪼쪽쫀쫄쫌쫍쫏쫑쫓쫘쫙쫠쫬쫴쬈쬐쬔쬘쬠쬡쭁쭈쭉쭌쭐쭘쭙쭝쭤쭸쭹쮜쮸쯔쯤쯧쯩찌찍찐찔찜찝찡찢찧차착찬찮찰참찹찻"],
+["c341","혽혾혿홁홂홃홄홆홇홊홌홎홏홐홒홓홖홗홙홚홛홝",4],
+["c361","홢",4,"홨홪",5,"홲홳홵",11],
+["c381","횁횂횄횆",5,"횎횏횑횒횓횕",7,"횞횠횢",5,"횩횪찼창찾채책챈챌챔챕챗챘챙챠챤챦챨챰챵처척천철첨첩첫첬청체첵첸첼쳄쳅쳇쳉쳐쳔쳤쳬쳰촁초촉촌촐촘촙촛총촤촨촬촹최쵠쵤쵬쵭쵯쵱쵸춈추축춘출춤춥춧충춰췄췌췐취췬췰췸췹췻췽츄츈츌츔츙츠측츤츨츰츱츳층"],
+["c441","횫횭횮횯횱",7,"횺횼",7,"훆훇훉훊훋"],
+["c461","훍훎훏훐훒훓훕훖훘훚",5,"훡훢훣훥훦훧훩",4],
+["c481","훮훯훱훲훳훴훶",5,"훾훿휁휂휃휅",11,"휒휓휔치칙친칟칠칡침칩칫칭카칵칸칼캄캅캇캉캐캑캔캘캠캡캣캤캥캬캭컁커컥컨컫컬컴컵컷컸컹케켁켄켈켐켑켓켕켜켠켤켬켭켯켰켱켸코콕콘콜콤콥콧콩콰콱콴콸쾀쾅쾌쾡쾨쾰쿄쿠쿡쿤쿨쿰쿱쿳쿵쿼퀀퀄퀑퀘퀭퀴퀵퀸퀼"],
+["c541","휕휖휗휚휛휝휞휟휡",6,"휪휬휮",5,"휶휷휹"],
+["c561","휺휻휽",6,"흅흆흈흊",5,"흒흓흕흚",4],
+["c581","흟흢흤흦흧흨흪흫흭흮흯흱흲흳흵",6,"흾흿힀힂",5,"힊힋큄큅큇큉큐큔큘큠크큭큰클큼큽킁키킥킨킬킴킵킷킹타탁탄탈탉탐탑탓탔탕태택탠탤탬탭탯탰탱탸턍터턱턴털턺텀텁텃텄텅테텍텐텔템텝텟텡텨텬텼톄톈토톡톤톨톰톱톳통톺톼퇀퇘퇴퇸툇툉툐투툭툰툴툼툽툿퉁퉈퉜"],
+["c641","힍힎힏힑",6,"힚힜힞",5],
+["c6a1","퉤튀튁튄튈튐튑튕튜튠튤튬튱트특튼튿틀틂틈틉틋틔틘틜틤틥티틱틴틸팀팁팃팅파팍팎판팔팖팜팝팟팠팡팥패팩팬팰팸팹팻팼팽퍄퍅퍼퍽펀펄펌펍펏펐펑페펙펜펠펨펩펫펭펴편펼폄폅폈평폐폘폡폣포폭폰폴폼폽폿퐁"],
+["c7a1","퐈퐝푀푄표푠푤푭푯푸푹푼푿풀풂품풉풋풍풔풩퓌퓐퓔퓜퓟퓨퓬퓰퓸퓻퓽프픈플픔픕픗피픽핀필핌핍핏핑하학한할핥함합핫항해핵핸핼햄햅햇했행햐향허헉헌헐헒험헙헛헝헤헥헨헬헴헵헷헹혀혁현혈혐협혓혔형혜혠"],
+["c8a1","혤혭호혹혼홀홅홈홉홋홍홑화확환활홧황홰홱홴횃횅회획횐횔횝횟횡효횬횰횹횻후훅훈훌훑훔훗훙훠훤훨훰훵훼훽휀휄휑휘휙휜휠휨휩휫휭휴휵휸휼흄흇흉흐흑흔흖흗흘흙흠흡흣흥흩희흰흴흼흽힁히힉힌힐힘힙힛힝"],
+["caa1","伽佳假價加可呵哥嘉嫁家暇架枷柯歌珂痂稼苛茄街袈訶賈跏軻迦駕刻却各恪慤殼珏脚覺角閣侃刊墾奸姦干幹懇揀杆柬桿澗癎看磵稈竿簡肝艮艱諫間乫喝曷渴碣竭葛褐蝎鞨勘坎堪嵌感憾戡敢柑橄減甘疳監瞰紺邯鑑鑒龕"],
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+["e2a1","戍手授搜收數樹殊水洙漱燧狩獸琇璲瘦睡秀穗竪粹綏綬繡羞脩茱蒐蓚藪袖誰讐輸遂邃酬銖銹隋隧隨雖需須首髓鬚叔塾夙孰宿淑潚熟琡璹肅菽巡徇循恂旬栒楯橓殉洵淳珣盾瞬筍純脣舜荀蓴蕣詢諄醇錞順馴戌術述鉥崇崧"],
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+["e6a1","旅歟汝濾璵礖礪與艅茹輿轝閭餘驪麗黎亦力域役易曆歷疫繹譯轢逆驛嚥堧姸娟宴年延憐戀捐挻撚椽沇沿涎涓淵演漣烟然煙煉燃燕璉硏硯秊筵緣練縯聯衍軟輦蓮連鉛鍊鳶列劣咽悅涅烈熱裂說閱厭廉念捻染殮炎焰琰艶苒"],
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp950.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp950.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8bc87178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/cp950.json
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
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+["daa1","琚琡琭琱琤琣琝琩琠琲瓻甯畯畬痧痚痡痦痝痟痤痗皕皒盚睆睇睄睍睅睊睎睋睌矞矬硠硤硥硜硭硱硪确硰硩硨硞硢祴祳祲祰稂稊稃稌稄窙竦竤筊笻筄筈筌筎筀筘筅粢粞粨粡絘絯絣絓絖絧絪絏絭絜絫絒絔絩絑絟絎缾缿罥"],
+["db40","罦羢羠羡翗聑聏聐胾胔腃腊腒腏腇脽腍脺臦臮臷臸臹舄舼舽舿艵茻菏菹萣菀菨萒菧菤菼菶萐菆菈菫菣莿萁菝菥菘菿菡菋菎菖菵菉萉萏菞萑萆菂菳"],
+["dba1","菕菺菇菑菪萓菃菬菮菄菻菗菢萛菛菾蛘蛢蛦蛓蛣蛚蛪蛝蛫蛜蛬蛩蛗蛨蛑衈衖衕袺裗袹袸裀袾袶袼袷袽袲褁裉覕覘覗觝觚觛詎詍訹詙詀詗詘詄詅詒詈詑詊詌詏豟貁貀貺貾貰貹貵趄趀趉跘跓跍跇跖跜跏跕跙跈跗跅軯軷軺"],
+["dc40","軹軦軮軥軵軧軨軶軫軱軬軴軩逭逴逯鄆鄬鄄郿郼鄈郹郻鄁鄀鄇鄅鄃酡酤酟酢酠鈁鈊鈥鈃鈚鈦鈏鈌鈀鈒釿釽鈆鈄鈧鈂鈜鈤鈙鈗鈅鈖镻閍閌閐隇陾隈"],
+["dca1","隉隃隀雂雈雃雱雰靬靰靮頇颩飫鳦黹亃亄亶傽傿僆傮僄僊傴僈僂傰僁傺傱僋僉傶傸凗剺剸剻剼嗃嗛嗌嗐嗋嗊嗝嗀嗔嗄嗩喿嗒喍嗏嗕嗢嗖嗈嗲嗍嗙嗂圔塓塨塤塏塍塉塯塕塎塝塙塥塛堽塣塱壼嫇嫄嫋媺媸媱媵媰媿嫈媻嫆"],
+["dd40","媷嫀嫊媴媶嫍媹媐寖寘寙尟尳嵱嵣嵊嵥嵲嵬嵞嵨嵧嵢巰幏幎幊幍幋廅廌廆廋廇彀徯徭惷慉慊愫慅愶愲愮慆愯慏愩慀戠酨戣戥戤揅揱揫搐搒搉搠搤"],
+["dda1","搳摃搟搕搘搹搷搢搣搌搦搰搨摁搵搯搊搚摀搥搧搋揧搛搮搡搎敯斒旓暆暌暕暐暋暊暙暔晸朠楦楟椸楎楢楱椿楅楪椹楂楗楙楺楈楉椵楬椳椽楥棰楸椴楩楀楯楄楶楘楁楴楌椻楋椷楜楏楑椲楒椯楻椼歆歅歃歂歈歁殛嗀毻毼"],
+["de40","毹毷毸溛滖滈溏滀溟溓溔溠溱溹滆滒溽滁溞滉溷溰滍溦滏溲溾滃滜滘溙溒溎溍溤溡溿溳滐滊溗溮溣煇煔煒煣煠煁煝煢煲煸煪煡煂煘煃煋煰煟煐煓"],
+["dea1","煄煍煚牏犍犌犑犐犎猼獂猻猺獀獊獉瑄瑊瑋瑒瑑瑗瑀瑏瑐瑎瑂瑆瑍瑔瓡瓿瓾瓽甝畹畷榃痯瘏瘃痷痾痼痹痸瘐痻痶痭痵痽皙皵盝睕睟睠睒睖睚睩睧睔睙睭矠碇碚碔碏碄碕碅碆碡碃硹碙碀碖硻祼禂祽祹稑稘稙稒稗稕稢稓"],
+["df40","稛稐窣窢窞竫筦筤筭筴筩筲筥筳筱筰筡筸筶筣粲粴粯綈綆綀綍絿綅絺綎絻綃絼綌綔綄絽綒罭罫罧罨罬羦羥羧翛翜耡腤腠腷腜腩腛腢腲朡腞腶腧腯"],
+["dfa1","腄腡舝艉艄艀艂艅蓱萿葖葶葹蒏蒍葥葑葀蒆葧萰葍葽葚葙葴葳葝蔇葞萷萺萴葺葃葸萲葅萩菙葋萯葂萭葟葰萹葎葌葒葯蓅蒎萻葇萶萳葨葾葄萫葠葔葮葐蜋蜄蛷蜌蛺蛖蛵蝍蛸蜎蜉蜁蛶蜍蜅裖裋裍裎裞裛裚裌裐覅覛觟觥觤"],
+["e040","觡觠觢觜触詶誆詿詡訿詷誂誄詵誃誁詴詺谼豋豊豥豤豦貆貄貅賌赨赩趑趌趎趏趍趓趔趐趒跰跠跬跱跮跐跩跣跢跧跲跫跴輆軿輁輀輅輇輈輂輋遒逿"],
+["e0a1","遄遉逽鄐鄍鄏鄑鄖鄔鄋鄎酮酯鉈鉒鈰鈺鉦鈳鉥鉞銃鈮鉊鉆鉭鉬鉏鉠鉧鉯鈶鉡鉰鈱鉔鉣鉐鉲鉎鉓鉌鉖鈲閟閜閞閛隒隓隑隗雎雺雽雸雵靳靷靸靲頏頍頎颬飶飹馯馲馰馵骭骫魛鳪鳭鳧麀黽僦僔僗僨僳僛僪僝僤僓僬僰僯僣僠"],
+["e140","凘劀劁勩勫匰厬嘧嘕嘌嘒嗼嘏嘜嘁嘓嘂嗺嘝嘄嗿嗹墉塼墐墘墆墁塿塴墋塺墇墑墎塶墂墈塻墔墏壾奫嫜嫮嫥嫕嫪嫚嫭嫫嫳嫢嫠嫛嫬嫞嫝嫙嫨嫟孷寠"],
+["e1a1","寣屣嶂嶀嵽嶆嵺嶁嵷嶊嶉嶈嵾嵼嶍嵹嵿幘幙幓廘廑廗廎廜廕廙廒廔彄彃彯徶愬愨慁慞慱慳慒慓慲慬憀慴慔慺慛慥愻慪慡慖戩戧戫搫摍摛摝摴摶摲摳摽摵摦撦摎撂摞摜摋摓摠摐摿搿摬摫摙摥摷敳斠暡暠暟朅朄朢榱榶槉"],
+["e240","榠槎榖榰榬榼榑榙榎榧榍榩榾榯榿槄榽榤槔榹槊榚槏榳榓榪榡榞槙榗榐槂榵榥槆歊歍歋殞殟殠毃毄毾滎滵滱漃漥滸漷滻漮漉潎漙漚漧漘漻漒滭漊"],
+["e2a1","漶潳滹滮漭潀漰漼漵滫漇漎潃漅滽滶漹漜滼漺漟漍漞漈漡熇熐熉熀熅熂熏煻熆熁熗牄牓犗犕犓獃獍獑獌瑢瑳瑱瑵瑲瑧瑮甀甂甃畽疐瘖瘈瘌瘕瘑瘊瘔皸瞁睼瞅瞂睮瞀睯睾瞃碲碪碴碭碨硾碫碞碥碠碬碢碤禘禊禋禖禕禔禓"],
+["e340","禗禈禒禐稫穊稰稯稨稦窨窫窬竮箈箜箊箑箐箖箍箌箛箎箅箘劄箙箤箂粻粿粼粺綧綷緂綣綪緁緀緅綝緎緄緆緋緌綯綹綖綼綟綦綮綩綡緉罳翢翣翥翞"],
+["e3a1","耤聝聜膉膆膃膇膍膌膋舕蒗蒤蒡蒟蒺蓎蓂蒬蒮蒫蒹蒴蓁蓍蒪蒚蒱蓐蒝蒧蒻蒢蒔蓇蓌蒛蒩蒯蒨蓖蒘蒶蓏蒠蓗蓔蓒蓛蒰蒑虡蜳蜣蜨蝫蝀蜮蜞蜡蜙蜛蝃蜬蝁蜾蝆蜠蜲蜪蜭蜼蜒蜺蜱蜵蝂蜦蜧蜸蜤蜚蜰蜑裷裧裱裲裺裾裮裼裶裻"],
+["e440","裰裬裫覝覡覟覞觩觫觨誫誙誋誒誏誖谽豨豩賕賏賗趖踉踂跿踍跽踊踃踇踆踅跾踀踄輐輑輎輍鄣鄜鄠鄢鄟鄝鄚鄤鄡鄛酺酲酹酳銥銤鉶銛鉺銠銔銪銍"],
+["e4a1","銦銚銫鉹銗鉿銣鋮銎銂銕銢鉽銈銡銊銆銌銙銧鉾銇銩銝銋鈭隞隡雿靘靽靺靾鞃鞀鞂靻鞄鞁靿韎韍頖颭颮餂餀餇馝馜駃馹馻馺駂馽駇骱髣髧鬾鬿魠魡魟鳱鳲鳵麧僿儃儰僸儆儇僶僾儋儌僽儊劋劌勱勯噈噂噌嘵噁噊噉噆噘"],
+["e540","噚噀嘳嘽嘬嘾嘸嘪嘺圚墫墝墱墠墣墯墬墥墡壿嫿嫴嫽嫷嫶嬃嫸嬂嫹嬁嬇嬅嬏屧嶙嶗嶟嶒嶢嶓嶕嶠嶜嶡嶚嶞幩幝幠幜緳廛廞廡彉徲憋憃慹憱憰憢憉"],
+["e5a1","憛憓憯憭憟憒憪憡憍慦憳戭摮摰撖撠撅撗撜撏撋撊撌撣撟摨撱撘敶敺敹敻斲斳暵暰暩暲暷暪暯樀樆樗槥槸樕槱槤樠槿槬槢樛樝槾樧槲槮樔槷槧橀樈槦槻樍槼槫樉樄樘樥樏槶樦樇槴樖歑殥殣殢殦氁氀毿氂潁漦潾澇濆澒"],
+["e640","澍澉澌潢潏澅潚澖潶潬澂潕潲潒潐潗澔澓潝漀潡潫潽潧澐潓澋潩潿澕潣潷潪潻熲熯熛熰熠熚熩熵熝熥熞熤熡熪熜熧熳犘犚獘獒獞獟獠獝獛獡獚獙"],
+["e6a1","獢璇璉璊璆璁瑽璅璈瑼瑹甈甇畾瘥瘞瘙瘝瘜瘣瘚瘨瘛皜皝皞皛瞍瞏瞉瞈磍碻磏磌磑磎磔磈磃磄磉禚禡禠禜禢禛歶稹窲窴窳箷篋箾箬篎箯箹篊箵糅糈糌糋緷緛緪緧緗緡縃緺緦緶緱緰緮緟罶羬羰羭翭翫翪翬翦翨聤聧膣膟"],
+["e740","膞膕膢膙膗舖艏艓艒艐艎艑蔤蔻蔏蔀蔩蔎蔉蔍蔟蔊蔧蔜蓻蔫蓺蔈蔌蓴蔪蓲蔕蓷蓫蓳蓼蔒蓪蓩蔖蓾蔨蔝蔮蔂蓽蔞蓶蔱蔦蓧蓨蓰蓯蓹蔘蔠蔰蔋蔙蔯虢"],
+["e7a1","蝖蝣蝤蝷蟡蝳蝘蝔蝛蝒蝡蝚蝑蝞蝭蝪蝐蝎蝟蝝蝯蝬蝺蝮蝜蝥蝏蝻蝵蝢蝧蝩衚褅褌褔褋褗褘褙褆褖褑褎褉覢覤覣觭觰觬諏諆誸諓諑諔諕誻諗誾諀諅諘諃誺誽諙谾豍貏賥賟賙賨賚賝賧趠趜趡趛踠踣踥踤踮踕踛踖踑踙踦踧"],
+["e840","踔踒踘踓踜踗踚輬輤輘輚輠輣輖輗遳遰遯遧遫鄯鄫鄩鄪鄲鄦鄮醅醆醊醁醂醄醀鋐鋃鋄鋀鋙銶鋏鋱鋟鋘鋩鋗鋝鋌鋯鋂鋨鋊鋈鋎鋦鋍鋕鋉鋠鋞鋧鋑鋓"],
+["e8a1","銵鋡鋆銴镼閬閫閮閰隤隢雓霅霈霂靚鞊鞎鞈韐韏頞頝頦頩頨頠頛頧颲餈飺餑餔餖餗餕駜駍駏駓駔駎駉駖駘駋駗駌骳髬髫髳髲髱魆魃魧魴魱魦魶魵魰魨魤魬鳼鳺鳽鳿鳷鴇鴀鳹鳻鴈鴅鴄麃黓鼏鼐儜儓儗儚儑凞匴叡噰噠噮"],
+["e940","噳噦噣噭噲噞噷圜圛壈墽壉墿墺壂墼壆嬗嬙嬛嬡嬔嬓嬐嬖嬨嬚嬠嬞寯嶬嶱嶩嶧嶵嶰嶮嶪嶨嶲嶭嶯嶴幧幨幦幯廩廧廦廨廥彋徼憝憨憖懅憴懆懁懌憺"],
+["e9a1","憿憸憌擗擖擐擏擉撽撉擃擛擳擙攳敿敼斢曈暾曀曊曋曏暽暻暺曌朣樴橦橉橧樲橨樾橝橭橶橛橑樨橚樻樿橁橪橤橐橏橔橯橩橠樼橞橖橕橍橎橆歕歔歖殧殪殫毈毇氄氃氆澭濋澣濇澼濎濈潞濄澽澞濊澨瀄澥澮澺澬澪濏澿澸"],
+["ea40","澢濉澫濍澯澲澰燅燂熿熸燖燀燁燋燔燊燇燏熽燘熼燆燚燛犝犞獩獦獧獬獥獫獪瑿璚璠璔璒璕璡甋疀瘯瘭瘱瘽瘳瘼瘵瘲瘰皻盦瞚瞝瞡瞜瞛瞢瞣瞕瞙"],
+["eaa1","瞗磝磩磥磪磞磣磛磡磢磭磟磠禤穄穈穇窶窸窵窱窷篞篣篧篝篕篥篚篨篹篔篪篢篜篫篘篟糒糔糗糐糑縒縡縗縌縟縠縓縎縜縕縚縢縋縏縖縍縔縥縤罃罻罼罺羱翯耪耩聬膱膦膮膹膵膫膰膬膴膲膷膧臲艕艖艗蕖蕅蕫蕍蕓蕡蕘"],
+["eb40","蕀蕆蕤蕁蕢蕄蕑蕇蕣蔾蕛蕱蕎蕮蕵蕕蕧蕠薌蕦蕝蕔蕥蕬虣虥虤螛螏螗螓螒螈螁螖螘蝹螇螣螅螐螑螝螄螔螜螚螉褞褦褰褭褮褧褱褢褩褣褯褬褟觱諠"],
+["eba1","諢諲諴諵諝謔諤諟諰諈諞諡諨諿諯諻貑貒貐賵賮賱賰賳赬赮趥趧踳踾踸蹀蹅踶踼踽蹁踰踿躽輶輮輵輲輹輷輴遶遹遻邆郺鄳鄵鄶醓醐醑醍醏錧錞錈錟錆錏鍺錸錼錛錣錒錁鍆錭錎錍鋋錝鋺錥錓鋹鋷錴錂錤鋿錩錹錵錪錔錌"],
+["ec40","錋鋾錉錀鋻錖閼闍閾閹閺閶閿閵閽隩雔霋霒霐鞙鞗鞔韰韸頵頯頲餤餟餧餩馞駮駬駥駤駰駣駪駩駧骹骿骴骻髶髺髹髷鬳鮀鮅鮇魼魾魻鮂鮓鮒鮐魺鮕"],
+["eca1","魽鮈鴥鴗鴠鴞鴔鴩鴝鴘鴢鴐鴙鴟麈麆麇麮麭黕黖黺鼒鼽儦儥儢儤儠儩勴嚓嚌嚍嚆嚄嚃噾嚂噿嚁壖壔壏壒嬭嬥嬲嬣嬬嬧嬦嬯嬮孻寱寲嶷幬幪徾徻懃憵憼懧懠懥懤懨懞擯擩擣擫擤擨斁斀斶旚曒檍檖檁檥檉檟檛檡檞檇檓檎"],
+["ed40","檕檃檨檤檑橿檦檚檅檌檒歛殭氉濌澩濴濔濣濜濭濧濦濞濲濝濢濨燡燱燨燲燤燰燢獳獮獯璗璲璫璐璪璭璱璥璯甐甑甒甏疄癃癈癉癇皤盩瞵瞫瞲瞷瞶"],
+["eda1","瞴瞱瞨矰磳磽礂磻磼磲礅磹磾礄禫禨穜穛穖穘穔穚窾竀竁簅簏篲簀篿篻簎篴簋篳簂簉簃簁篸篽簆篰篱簐簊糨縭縼繂縳顈縸縪繉繀繇縩繌縰縻縶繄縺罅罿罾罽翴翲耬膻臄臌臊臅臇膼臩艛艚艜薃薀薏薧薕薠薋薣蕻薤薚薞"],
+["ee40","蕷蕼薉薡蕺蕸蕗薎薖薆薍薙薝薁薢薂薈薅蕹蕶薘薐薟虨螾螪螭蟅螰螬螹螵螼螮蟉蟃蟂蟌螷螯蟄蟊螴螶螿螸螽蟞螲褵褳褼褾襁襒褷襂覭覯覮觲觳謞"],
+["eea1","謘謖謑謅謋謢謏謒謕謇謍謈謆謜謓謚豏豰豲豱豯貕貔賹赯蹎蹍蹓蹐蹌蹇轃轀邅遾鄸醚醢醛醙醟醡醝醠鎡鎃鎯鍤鍖鍇鍼鍘鍜鍶鍉鍐鍑鍠鍭鎏鍌鍪鍹鍗鍕鍒鍏鍱鍷鍻鍡鍞鍣鍧鎀鍎鍙闇闀闉闃闅閷隮隰隬霠霟霘霝霙鞚鞡鞜"],
+["ef40","鞞鞝韕韔韱顁顄顊顉顅顃餥餫餬餪餳餲餯餭餱餰馘馣馡騂駺駴駷駹駸駶駻駽駾駼騃骾髾髽鬁髼魈鮚鮨鮞鮛鮦鮡鮥鮤鮆鮢鮠鮯鴳鵁鵧鴶鴮鴯鴱鴸鴰"],
+["efa1","鵅鵂鵃鴾鴷鵀鴽翵鴭麊麉麍麰黈黚黻黿鼤鼣鼢齔龠儱儭儮嚘嚜嚗嚚嚝嚙奰嬼屩屪巀幭幮懘懟懭懮懱懪懰懫懖懩擿攄擽擸攁攃擼斔旛曚曛曘櫅檹檽櫡櫆檺檶檷櫇檴檭歞毉氋瀇瀌瀍瀁瀅瀔瀎濿瀀濻瀦濼濷瀊爁燿燹爃燽獶"],
+["f040","璸瓀璵瓁璾璶璻瓂甔甓癜癤癙癐癓癗癚皦皽盬矂瞺磿礌礓礔礉礐礒礑禭禬穟簜簩簙簠簟簭簝簦簨簢簥簰繜繐繖繣繘繢繟繑繠繗繓羵羳翷翸聵臑臒"],
+["f0a1","臐艟艞薴藆藀藃藂薳薵薽藇藄薿藋藎藈藅薱薶藒蘤薸薷薾虩蟧蟦蟢蟛蟫蟪蟥蟟蟳蟤蟔蟜蟓蟭蟘蟣螤蟗蟙蠁蟴蟨蟝襓襋襏襌襆襐襑襉謪謧謣謳謰謵譇謯謼謾謱謥謷謦謶謮謤謻謽謺豂豵貙貘貗賾贄贂贀蹜蹢蹠蹗蹖蹞蹥蹧"],
+["f140","蹛蹚蹡蹝蹩蹔轆轇轈轋鄨鄺鄻鄾醨醥醧醯醪鎵鎌鎒鎷鎛鎝鎉鎧鎎鎪鎞鎦鎕鎈鎙鎟鎍鎱鎑鎲鎤鎨鎴鎣鎥闒闓闑隳雗雚巂雟雘雝霣霢霥鞬鞮鞨鞫鞤鞪"],
+["f1a1","鞢鞥韗韙韖韘韺顐顑顒颸饁餼餺騏騋騉騍騄騑騊騅騇騆髀髜鬈鬄鬅鬩鬵魊魌魋鯇鯆鯃鮿鯁鮵鮸鯓鮶鯄鮹鮽鵜鵓鵏鵊鵛鵋鵙鵖鵌鵗鵒鵔鵟鵘鵚麎麌黟鼁鼀鼖鼥鼫鼪鼩鼨齌齕儴儵劖勷厴嚫嚭嚦嚧嚪嚬壚壝壛夒嬽嬾嬿巃幰"],
+["f240","徿懻攇攐攍攉攌攎斄旞旝曞櫧櫠櫌櫑櫙櫋櫟櫜櫐櫫櫏櫍櫞歠殰氌瀙瀧瀠瀖瀫瀡瀢瀣瀩瀗瀤瀜瀪爌爊爇爂爅犥犦犤犣犡瓋瓅璷瓃甖癠矉矊矄矱礝礛"],
+["f2a1","礡礜礗礞禰穧穨簳簼簹簬簻糬糪繶繵繸繰繷繯繺繲繴繨罋罊羃羆羷翽翾聸臗臕艤艡艣藫藱藭藙藡藨藚藗藬藲藸藘藟藣藜藑藰藦藯藞藢蠀蟺蠃蟶蟷蠉蠌蠋蠆蟼蠈蟿蠊蠂襢襚襛襗襡襜襘襝襙覈覷覶觶譐譈譊譀譓譖譔譋譕"],
+["f340","譑譂譒譗豃豷豶貚贆贇贉趬趪趭趫蹭蹸蹳蹪蹯蹻軂轒轑轏轐轓辴酀鄿醰醭鏞鏇鏏鏂鏚鏐鏹鏬鏌鏙鎩鏦鏊鏔鏮鏣鏕鏄鏎鏀鏒鏧镽闚闛雡霩霫霬霨霦"],
+["f3a1","鞳鞷鞶韝韞韟顜顙顝顗颿颽颻颾饈饇饃馦馧騚騕騥騝騤騛騢騠騧騣騞騜騔髂鬋鬊鬎鬌鬷鯪鯫鯠鯞鯤鯦鯢鯰鯔鯗鯬鯜鯙鯥鯕鯡鯚鵷鶁鶊鶄鶈鵱鶀鵸鶆鶋鶌鵽鵫鵴鵵鵰鵩鶅鵳鵻鶂鵯鵹鵿鶇鵨麔麑黀黼鼭齀齁齍齖齗齘匷嚲"],
+["f440","嚵嚳壣孅巆巇廮廯忀忁懹攗攖攕攓旟曨曣曤櫳櫰櫪櫨櫹櫱櫮櫯瀼瀵瀯瀷瀴瀱灂瀸瀿瀺瀹灀瀻瀳灁爓爔犨獽獼璺皫皪皾盭矌矎矏矍矲礥礣礧礨礤礩"],
+["f4a1","禲穮穬穭竷籉籈籊籇籅糮繻繾纁纀羺翿聹臛臙舋艨艩蘢藿蘁藾蘛蘀藶蘄蘉蘅蘌藽蠙蠐蠑蠗蠓蠖襣襦覹觷譠譪譝譨譣譥譧譭趮躆躈躄轙轖轗轕轘轚邍酃酁醷醵醲醳鐋鐓鏻鐠鐏鐔鏾鐕鐐鐨鐙鐍鏵鐀鏷鐇鐎鐖鐒鏺鐉鏸鐊鏿"],
+["f540","鏼鐌鏶鐑鐆闞闠闟霮霯鞹鞻韽韾顠顢顣顟飁飂饐饎饙饌饋饓騲騴騱騬騪騶騩騮騸騭髇髊髆鬐鬒鬑鰋鰈鯷鰅鰒鯸鱀鰇鰎鰆鰗鰔鰉鶟鶙鶤鶝鶒鶘鶐鶛"],
+["f5a1","鶠鶔鶜鶪鶗鶡鶚鶢鶨鶞鶣鶿鶩鶖鶦鶧麙麛麚黥黤黧黦鼰鼮齛齠齞齝齙龑儺儹劘劗囃嚽嚾孈孇巋巏廱懽攛欂櫼欃櫸欀灃灄灊灈灉灅灆爝爚爙獾甗癪矐礭礱礯籔籓糲纊纇纈纋纆纍罍羻耰臝蘘蘪蘦蘟蘣蘜蘙蘧蘮蘡蘠蘩蘞蘥"],
+["f640","蠩蠝蠛蠠蠤蠜蠫衊襭襩襮襫觺譹譸譅譺譻贐贔趯躎躌轞轛轝酆酄酅醹鐿鐻鐶鐩鐽鐼鐰鐹鐪鐷鐬鑀鐱闥闤闣霵霺鞿韡顤飉飆飀饘饖騹騽驆驄驂驁騺"],
+["f6a1","騿髍鬕鬗鬘鬖鬺魒鰫鰝鰜鰬鰣鰨鰩鰤鰡鶷鶶鶼鷁鷇鷊鷏鶾鷅鷃鶻鶵鷎鶹鶺鶬鷈鶱鶭鷌鶳鷍鶲鹺麜黫黮黭鼛鼘鼚鼱齎齥齤龒亹囆囅囋奱孋孌巕巑廲攡攠攦攢欋欈欉氍灕灖灗灒爞爟犩獿瓘瓕瓙瓗癭皭礵禴穰穱籗籜籙籛籚"],
+["f740","糴糱纑罏羇臞艫蘴蘵蘳蘬蘲蘶蠬蠨蠦蠪蠥襱覿覾觻譾讄讂讆讅譿贕躕躔躚躒躐躖躗轠轢酇鑌鑐鑊鑋鑏鑇鑅鑈鑉鑆霿韣顪顩飋饔饛驎驓驔驌驏驈驊"],
+["f7a1","驉驒驐髐鬙鬫鬻魖魕鱆鱈鰿鱄鰹鰳鱁鰼鰷鰴鰲鰽鰶鷛鷒鷞鷚鷋鷐鷜鷑鷟鷩鷙鷘鷖鷵鷕鷝麶黰鼵鼳鼲齂齫龕龢儽劙壨壧奲孍巘蠯彏戁戃戄攩攥斖曫欑欒欏毊灛灚爢玂玁玃癰矔籧籦纕艬蘺虀蘹蘼蘱蘻蘾蠰蠲蠮蠳襶襴襳觾"],
+["f840","讌讎讋讈豅贙躘轤轣醼鑢鑕鑝鑗鑞韄韅頀驖驙鬞鬟鬠鱒鱘鱐鱊鱍鱋鱕鱙鱌鱎鷻鷷鷯鷣鷫鷸鷤鷶鷡鷮鷦鷲鷰鷢鷬鷴鷳鷨鷭黂黐黲黳鼆鼜鼸鼷鼶齃齏"],
+["f8a1","齱齰齮齯囓囍孎屭攭曭曮欓灟灡灝灠爣瓛瓥矕礸禷禶籪纗羉艭虃蠸蠷蠵衋讔讕躞躟躠躝醾醽釂鑫鑨鑩雥靆靃靇韇韥驞髕魙鱣鱧鱦鱢鱞鱠鸂鷾鸇鸃鸆鸅鸀鸁鸉鷿鷽鸄麠鼞齆齴齵齶囔攮斸欘欙欗欚灢爦犪矘矙礹籩籫糶纚"],
+["f940","纘纛纙臠臡虆虇虈襹襺襼襻觿讘讙躥躤躣鑮鑭鑯鑱鑳靉顲饟鱨鱮鱭鸋鸍鸐鸏鸒鸑麡黵鼉齇齸齻齺齹圞灦籯蠼趲躦釃鑴鑸鑶鑵驠鱴鱳鱱鱵鸔鸓黶鼊"],
+["f9a1","龤灨灥糷虪蠾蠽蠿讞貜躩軉靋顳顴飌饡馫驤驦驧鬤鸕鸗齈戇欞爧虌躨钂钀钁驩驨鬮鸙爩虋讟钃鱹麷癵驫鱺鸝灩灪麤齾齉龘碁銹裏墻恒粧嫺╔╦╗╠╬╣╚╩╝╒╤╕╞╪╡╘╧╛╓╥╖╟╫╢╙╨╜║═╭╮╰╯▓"]
+]
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/eucjp.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/eucjp.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fa61ca11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/eucjp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+[
+["0","\u0000",127],
+["8ea1","｡",62],
+["a1a1","　、。，．・：；？！゛゜´｀¨＾￣＿ヽヾゝゞ〃仝々〆〇ー―‐／＼～∥｜…‥‘’“”（）〔〕［］｛｝〈",9,"＋－±×÷＝≠＜＞≦≧∞∴♂♀°′″℃￥＄￠￡％＃＆＊＠§☆★○●◎◇"],
+["a2a1","◆□■△▲▽▼※〒→←↑↓〓"],
+["a2ba","∈∋⊆⊇⊂⊃∪∩"],
+["a2ca","∧∨￢⇒⇔∀∃"],
+["a2dc","∠⊥⌒∂∇≡≒≪≫√∽∝∵∫∬"],
+["a2f2","ʼn♯♭♪†‡¶"],
+["a2fe","◯"],
+["a3b0","０",9],
+["a3c1","Ａ",25],
+["a3e1","ａ",25],
+["a4a1","ぁ",82],
+["a5a1","ァ",85],
+["a6a1","Α",16,"Σ",6],
+["a6c1","α",16,"σ",6],
+["a7a1","А",5,"ЁЖ",25],
+["a7d1","а",5,"ёж",25],
+["a8a1","─│┌┐┘└├┬┤┴┼━┃┏┓┛┗┣┳┫┻╋┠┯┨┷┿┝┰┥┸╂"],
+["ada1","①",19,"Ⅰ",9],
+["adc0","㍉㌔㌢㍍㌘㌧㌃㌶㍑㍗㌍㌦㌣㌫㍊㌻㎜㎝㎞㎎㎏㏄㎡"],
+["addf","㍻〝〟№㏍℡㊤",4,"㈱㈲㈹㍾㍽㍼≒≡∫∮∑√⊥∠∟⊿∵∩∪"],
+["b0a1","亜唖娃阿哀愛挨姶逢葵茜穐悪握渥旭葦芦鯵梓圧斡扱宛姐虻飴絢綾鮎或粟袷安庵按暗案闇鞍杏以伊位依偉囲夷委威尉惟意慰易椅為畏異移維緯胃萎衣謂違遺医井亥域育郁磯一壱溢逸稲茨芋鰯允印咽員因姻引飲淫胤蔭"],
+["b1a1","院陰隠韻吋右宇烏羽迂雨卯鵜窺丑碓臼渦嘘唄欝蔚鰻姥厩浦瓜閏噂云運雲荏餌叡営嬰影映曳栄永泳洩瑛盈穎頴英衛詠鋭液疫益駅悦謁越閲榎厭円園堰奄宴延怨掩援沿演炎焔煙燕猿縁艶苑薗遠鉛鴛塩於汚甥凹央奥往応"],
+["b2a1","押旺横欧殴王翁襖鴬鴎黄岡沖荻億屋憶臆桶牡乙俺卸恩温穏音下化仮何伽価佳加可嘉夏嫁家寡科暇果架歌河火珂禍禾稼箇花苛茄荷華菓蝦課嘩貨迦過霞蚊俄峨我牙画臥芽蛾賀雅餓駕介会解回塊壊廻快怪悔恢懐戒拐改"],
+["b3a1","魁晦械海灰界皆絵芥蟹開階貝凱劾外咳害崖慨概涯碍蓋街該鎧骸浬馨蛙垣柿蛎鈎劃嚇各廓拡撹格核殻獲確穫覚角赫較郭閣隔革学岳楽額顎掛笠樫橿梶鰍潟割喝恰括活渇滑葛褐轄且鰹叶椛樺鞄株兜竃蒲釜鎌噛鴨栢茅萱"],
+["b4a1","粥刈苅瓦乾侃冠寒刊勘勧巻喚堪姦完官寛干幹患感慣憾換敢柑桓棺款歓汗漢澗潅環甘監看竿管簡緩缶翰肝艦莞観諌貫還鑑間閑関陥韓館舘丸含岸巌玩癌眼岩翫贋雁頑顔願企伎危喜器基奇嬉寄岐希幾忌揮机旗既期棋棄"],
+["b5a1","機帰毅気汽畿祈季稀紀徽規記貴起軌輝飢騎鬼亀偽儀妓宜戯技擬欺犠疑祇義蟻誼議掬菊鞠吉吃喫桔橘詰砧杵黍却客脚虐逆丘久仇休及吸宮弓急救朽求汲泣灸球究窮笈級糾給旧牛去居巨拒拠挙渠虚許距鋸漁禦魚亨享京"],
+["b6a1","供侠僑兇競共凶協匡卿叫喬境峡強彊怯恐恭挟教橋況狂狭矯胸脅興蕎郷鏡響饗驚仰凝尭暁業局曲極玉桐粁僅勤均巾錦斤欣欽琴禁禽筋緊芹菌衿襟謹近金吟銀九倶句区狗玖矩苦躯駆駈駒具愚虞喰空偶寓遇隅串櫛釧屑屈"],
+["b7a1","掘窟沓靴轡窪熊隈粂栗繰桑鍬勲君薫訓群軍郡卦袈祁係傾刑兄啓圭珪型契形径恵慶慧憩掲携敬景桂渓畦稽系経継繋罫茎荊蛍計詣警軽頚鶏芸迎鯨劇戟撃激隙桁傑欠決潔穴結血訣月件倹倦健兼券剣喧圏堅嫌建憲懸拳捲"],
+["b8a1","検権牽犬献研硯絹県肩見謙賢軒遣鍵険顕験鹸元原厳幻弦減源玄現絃舷言諺限乎個古呼固姑孤己庫弧戸故枯湖狐糊袴股胡菰虎誇跨鈷雇顧鼓五互伍午呉吾娯後御悟梧檎瑚碁語誤護醐乞鯉交佼侯候倖光公功効勾厚口向"],
+["b9a1","后喉坑垢好孔孝宏工巧巷幸広庚康弘恒慌抗拘控攻昂晃更杭校梗構江洪浩港溝甲皇硬稿糠紅紘絞綱耕考肯肱腔膏航荒行衡講貢購郊酵鉱砿鋼閤降項香高鴻剛劫号合壕拷濠豪轟麹克刻告国穀酷鵠黒獄漉腰甑忽惚骨狛込"],
+["baa1","此頃今困坤墾婚恨懇昏昆根梱混痕紺艮魂些佐叉唆嵯左差査沙瑳砂詐鎖裟坐座挫債催再最哉塞妻宰彩才採栽歳済災采犀砕砦祭斎細菜裁載際剤在材罪財冴坂阪堺榊肴咲崎埼碕鷺作削咋搾昨朔柵窄策索錯桜鮭笹匙冊刷"],
+["bba1","察拶撮擦札殺薩雑皐鯖捌錆鮫皿晒三傘参山惨撒散桟燦珊産算纂蚕讃賛酸餐斬暫残仕仔伺使刺司史嗣四士始姉姿子屍市師志思指支孜斯施旨枝止死氏獅祉私糸紙紫肢脂至視詞詩試誌諮資賜雌飼歯事似侍児字寺慈持時"],
+["bca1","次滋治爾璽痔磁示而耳自蒔辞汐鹿式識鴫竺軸宍雫七叱執失嫉室悉湿漆疾質実蔀篠偲柴芝屡蕊縞舎写射捨赦斜煮社紗者謝車遮蛇邪借勺尺杓灼爵酌釈錫若寂弱惹主取守手朱殊狩珠種腫趣酒首儒受呪寿授樹綬需囚収周"],
+["bda1","宗就州修愁拾洲秀秋終繍習臭舟蒐衆襲讐蹴輯週酋酬集醜什住充十従戎柔汁渋獣縦重銃叔夙宿淑祝縮粛塾熟出術述俊峻春瞬竣舜駿准循旬楯殉淳準潤盾純巡遵醇順処初所暑曙渚庶緒署書薯藷諸助叙女序徐恕鋤除傷償"],
+["bea1","勝匠升召哨商唱嘗奨妾娼宵将小少尚庄床廠彰承抄招掌捷昇昌昭晶松梢樟樵沼消渉湘焼焦照症省硝礁祥称章笑粧紹肖菖蒋蕉衝裳訟証詔詳象賞醤鉦鍾鐘障鞘上丈丞乗冗剰城場壌嬢常情擾条杖浄状畳穣蒸譲醸錠嘱埴飾"],
+["bfa1","拭植殖燭織職色触食蝕辱尻伸信侵唇娠寝審心慎振新晋森榛浸深申疹真神秦紳臣芯薪親診身辛進針震人仁刃塵壬尋甚尽腎訊迅陣靭笥諏須酢図厨逗吹垂帥推水炊睡粋翠衰遂酔錐錘随瑞髄崇嵩数枢趨雛据杉椙菅頗雀裾"],
+["c0a1","澄摺寸世瀬畝是凄制勢姓征性成政整星晴棲栖正清牲生盛精聖声製西誠誓請逝醒青静斉税脆隻席惜戚斥昔析石積籍績脊責赤跡蹟碩切拙接摂折設窃節説雪絶舌蝉仙先千占宣専尖川戦扇撰栓栴泉浅洗染潜煎煽旋穿箭線"],
+["c1a1","繊羨腺舛船薦詮賎践選遷銭銑閃鮮前善漸然全禅繕膳糎噌塑岨措曾曽楚狙疏疎礎祖租粗素組蘇訴阻遡鼠僧創双叢倉喪壮奏爽宋層匝惣想捜掃挿掻操早曹巣槍槽漕燥争痩相窓糟総綜聡草荘葬蒼藻装走送遭鎗霜騒像増憎"],
+["c2a1","臓蔵贈造促側則即息捉束測足速俗属賊族続卒袖其揃存孫尊損村遜他多太汰詑唾堕妥惰打柁舵楕陀駄騨体堆対耐岱帯待怠態戴替泰滞胎腿苔袋貸退逮隊黛鯛代台大第醍題鷹滝瀧卓啄宅托択拓沢濯琢託鐸濁諾茸凧蛸只"],
+["c3a1","叩但達辰奪脱巽竪辿棚谷狸鱈樽誰丹単嘆坦担探旦歎淡湛炭短端箪綻耽胆蛋誕鍛団壇弾断暖檀段男談値知地弛恥智池痴稚置致蜘遅馳築畜竹筑蓄逐秩窒茶嫡着中仲宙忠抽昼柱注虫衷註酎鋳駐樗瀦猪苧著貯丁兆凋喋寵"],
+["c4a1","帖帳庁弔張彫徴懲挑暢朝潮牒町眺聴脹腸蝶調諜超跳銚長頂鳥勅捗直朕沈珍賃鎮陳津墜椎槌追鎚痛通塚栂掴槻佃漬柘辻蔦綴鍔椿潰坪壷嬬紬爪吊釣鶴亭低停偵剃貞呈堤定帝底庭廷弟悌抵挺提梯汀碇禎程締艇訂諦蹄逓"],
+["c5a1","邸鄭釘鼎泥摘擢敵滴的笛適鏑溺哲徹撤轍迭鉄典填天展店添纏甜貼転顛点伝殿澱田電兎吐堵塗妬屠徒斗杜渡登菟賭途都鍍砥砺努度土奴怒倒党冬凍刀唐塔塘套宕島嶋悼投搭東桃梼棟盗淘湯涛灯燈当痘祷等答筒糖統到"],
+["c6a1","董蕩藤討謄豆踏逃透鐙陶頭騰闘働動同堂導憧撞洞瞳童胴萄道銅峠鴇匿得徳涜特督禿篤毒独読栃橡凸突椴届鳶苫寅酉瀞噸屯惇敦沌豚遁頓呑曇鈍奈那内乍凪薙謎灘捺鍋楢馴縄畷南楠軟難汝二尼弐迩匂賑肉虹廿日乳入"],
+["c7a1","如尿韮任妊忍認濡禰祢寧葱猫熱年念捻撚燃粘乃廼之埜嚢悩濃納能脳膿農覗蚤巴把播覇杷波派琶破婆罵芭馬俳廃拝排敗杯盃牌背肺輩配倍培媒梅楳煤狽買売賠陪這蝿秤矧萩伯剥博拍柏泊白箔粕舶薄迫曝漠爆縛莫駁麦"],
+["c8a1","函箱硲箸肇筈櫨幡肌畑畠八鉢溌発醗髪伐罰抜筏閥鳩噺塙蛤隼伴判半反叛帆搬斑板氾汎版犯班畔繁般藩販範釆煩頒飯挽晩番盤磐蕃蛮匪卑否妃庇彼悲扉批披斐比泌疲皮碑秘緋罷肥被誹費避非飛樋簸備尾微枇毘琵眉美"],
+["c9a1","鼻柊稗匹疋髭彦膝菱肘弼必畢筆逼桧姫媛紐百謬俵彪標氷漂瓢票表評豹廟描病秒苗錨鋲蒜蛭鰭品彬斌浜瀕貧賓頻敏瓶不付埠夫婦富冨布府怖扶敷斧普浮父符腐膚芙譜負賦赴阜附侮撫武舞葡蕪部封楓風葺蕗伏副復幅服"],
+["caa1","福腹複覆淵弗払沸仏物鮒分吻噴墳憤扮焚奮粉糞紛雰文聞丙併兵塀幣平弊柄並蔽閉陛米頁僻壁癖碧別瞥蔑箆偏変片篇編辺返遍便勉娩弁鞭保舗鋪圃捕歩甫補輔穂募墓慕戊暮母簿菩倣俸包呆報奉宝峰峯崩庖抱捧放方朋"],
+["cba1","法泡烹砲縫胞芳萌蓬蜂褒訪豊邦鋒飽鳳鵬乏亡傍剖坊妨帽忘忙房暴望某棒冒紡肪膨謀貌貿鉾防吠頬北僕卜墨撲朴牧睦穆釦勃没殆堀幌奔本翻凡盆摩磨魔麻埋妹昧枚毎哩槙幕膜枕鮪柾鱒桝亦俣又抹末沫迄侭繭麿万慢満"],
+["cca1","漫蔓味未魅巳箕岬密蜜湊蓑稔脈妙粍民眠務夢無牟矛霧鵡椋婿娘冥名命明盟迷銘鳴姪牝滅免棉綿緬面麺摸模茂妄孟毛猛盲網耗蒙儲木黙目杢勿餅尤戻籾貰問悶紋門匁也冶夜爺耶野弥矢厄役約薬訳躍靖柳薮鑓愉愈油癒"],
+["cda1","諭輸唯佑優勇友宥幽悠憂揖有柚湧涌猶猷由祐裕誘遊邑郵雄融夕予余与誉輿預傭幼妖容庸揚揺擁曜楊様洋溶熔用窯羊耀葉蓉要謡踊遥陽養慾抑欲沃浴翌翼淀羅螺裸来莱頼雷洛絡落酪乱卵嵐欄濫藍蘭覧利吏履李梨理璃"],
+["cea1","痢裏裡里離陸律率立葎掠略劉流溜琉留硫粒隆竜龍侶慮旅虜了亮僚両凌寮料梁涼猟療瞭稜糧良諒遼量陵領力緑倫厘林淋燐琳臨輪隣鱗麟瑠塁涙累類令伶例冷励嶺怜玲礼苓鈴隷零霊麗齢暦歴列劣烈裂廉恋憐漣煉簾練聯"],
+["cfa1","蓮連錬呂魯櫓炉賂路露労婁廊弄朗楼榔浪漏牢狼篭老聾蝋郎六麓禄肋録論倭和話歪賄脇惑枠鷲亙亘鰐詫藁蕨椀湾碗腕"],
+["d0a1","弌丐丕个丱丶丼丿乂乖乘亂亅豫亊舒弍于亞亟亠亢亰亳亶从仍仄仆仂仗仞仭仟价伉佚估佛佝佗佇佶侈侏侘佻佩佰侑佯來侖儘俔俟俎俘俛俑俚俐俤俥倚倨倔倪倥倅伜俶倡倩倬俾俯們倆偃假會偕偐偈做偖偬偸傀傚傅傴傲"],
+["d1a1","僉僊傳僂僖僞僥僭僣僮價僵儉儁儂儖儕儔儚儡儺儷儼儻儿兀兒兌兔兢竸兩兪兮冀冂囘册冉冏冑冓冕冖冤冦冢冩冪冫决冱冲冰况冽凅凉凛几處凩凭凰凵凾刄刋刔刎刧刪刮刳刹剏剄剋剌剞剔剪剴剩剳剿剽劍劔劒剱劈劑辨"],
+["d2a1","辧劬劭劼劵勁勍勗勞勣勦飭勠勳勵勸勹匆匈甸匍匐匏匕匚匣匯匱匳匸區卆卅丗卉卍凖卞卩卮夘卻卷厂厖厠厦厥厮厰厶參簒雙叟曼燮叮叨叭叺吁吽呀听吭吼吮吶吩吝呎咏呵咎呟呱呷呰咒呻咀呶咄咐咆哇咢咸咥咬哄哈咨"],
+["d3a1","咫哂咤咾咼哘哥哦唏唔哽哮哭哺哢唹啀啣啌售啜啅啖啗唸唳啝喙喀咯喊喟啻啾喘喞單啼喃喩喇喨嗚嗅嗟嗄嗜嗤嗔嘔嗷嘖嗾嗽嘛嗹噎噐營嘴嘶嘲嘸噫噤嘯噬噪嚆嚀嚊嚠嚔嚏嚥嚮嚶嚴囂嚼囁囃囀囈囎囑囓囗囮囹圀囿圄圉"],
+["d4a1","圈國圍圓團圖嗇圜圦圷圸坎圻址坏坩埀垈坡坿垉垓垠垳垤垪垰埃埆埔埒埓堊埖埣堋堙堝塲堡塢塋塰毀塒堽塹墅墹墟墫墺壞墻墸墮壅壓壑壗壙壘壥壜壤壟壯壺壹壻壼壽夂夊夐夛梦夥夬夭夲夸夾竒奕奐奎奚奘奢奠奧奬奩"],
+["d5a1","奸妁妝佞侫妣妲姆姨姜妍姙姚娥娟娑娜娉娚婀婬婉娵娶婢婪媚媼媾嫋嫂媽嫣嫗嫦嫩嫖嫺嫻嬌嬋嬖嬲嫐嬪嬶嬾孃孅孀孑孕孚孛孥孩孰孳孵學斈孺宀它宦宸寃寇寉寔寐寤實寢寞寥寫寰寶寳尅將專對尓尠尢尨尸尹屁屆屎屓"],
+["d6a1","屐屏孱屬屮乢屶屹岌岑岔妛岫岻岶岼岷峅岾峇峙峩峽峺峭嶌峪崋崕崗嵜崟崛崑崔崢崚崙崘嵌嵒嵎嵋嵬嵳嵶嶇嶄嶂嶢嶝嶬嶮嶽嶐嶷嶼巉巍巓巒巖巛巫已巵帋帚帙帑帛帶帷幄幃幀幎幗幔幟幢幤幇幵并幺麼广庠廁廂廈廐廏"],
+["d7a1","廖廣廝廚廛廢廡廨廩廬廱廳廰廴廸廾弃弉彝彜弋弑弖弩弭弸彁彈彌彎弯彑彖彗彙彡彭彳彷徃徂彿徊很徑徇從徙徘徠徨徭徼忖忻忤忸忱忝悳忿怡恠怙怐怩怎怱怛怕怫怦怏怺恚恁恪恷恟恊恆恍恣恃恤恂恬恫恙悁悍惧悃悚"],
+["d8a1","悄悛悖悗悒悧悋惡悸惠惓悴忰悽惆悵惘慍愕愆惶惷愀惴惺愃愡惻惱愍愎慇愾愨愧慊愿愼愬愴愽慂慄慳慷慘慙慚慫慴慯慥慱慟慝慓慵憙憖憇憬憔憚憊憑憫憮懌懊應懷懈懃懆憺懋罹懍懦懣懶懺懴懿懽懼懾戀戈戉戍戌戔戛"],
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+["8fd2a1","笱笴笽笿筀筁筇筎筕筠筤筦筩筪筭筯筲筳筷箄箉箎箐箑箖箛箞箠箥箬箯箰箲箵箶箺箻箼箽篂篅篈篊篔篖篗篙篚篛篨篪篲篴篵篸篹篺篼篾簁簂簃簄簆簉簋簌簎簏簙簛簠簥簦簨簬簱簳簴簶簹簺籆籊籕籑籒籓籙",5],
+["8fd3a1","籡籣籧籩籭籮籰籲籹籼籽粆粇粏粔粞粠粦粰粶粷粺粻粼粿糄糇糈糉糍糏糓糔糕糗糙糚糝糦糩糫糵紃紇紈紉紏紑紒紓紖紝紞紣紦紪紭紱紼紽紾絀絁絇絈絍絑絓絗絙絚絜絝絥絧絪絰絸絺絻絿綁綂綃綅綆綈綋綌綍綑綖綗綝"],
+["8fd4a1","綞綦綧綪綳綶綷綹緂",4,"緌緍緎緗緙縀緢緥緦緪緫緭緱緵緶緹緺縈縐縑縕縗縜縝縠縧縨縬縭縯縳縶縿繄繅繇繎繐繒繘繟繡繢繥繫繮繯繳繸繾纁纆纇纊纍纑纕纘纚纝纞缼缻缽缾缿罃罄罇罏罒罓罛罜罝罡罣罤罥罦罭"],
+["8fd5a1","罱罽罾罿羀羋羍羏羐羑羖羗羜羡羢羦羪羭羴羼羿翀翃翈翎翏翛翟翣翥翨翬翮翯翲翺翽翾翿耇耈耊耍耎耏耑耓耔耖耝耞耟耠耤耦耬耮耰耴耵耷耹耺耼耾聀聄聠聤聦聭聱聵肁肈肎肜肞肦肧肫肸肹胈胍胏胒胔胕胗胘胠胭胮"],
+["8fd6a1","胰胲胳胶胹胺胾脃脋脖脗脘脜脞脠脤脧脬脰脵脺脼腅腇腊腌腒腗腠腡腧腨腩腭腯腷膁膐膄膅膆膋膎膖膘膛膞膢膮膲膴膻臋臃臅臊臎臏臕臗臛臝臞臡臤臫臬臰臱臲臵臶臸臹臽臿舀舃舏舓舔舙舚舝舡舢舨舲舴舺艃艄艅艆"],
+["8fd7a1","艋艎艏艑艖艜艠艣艧艭艴艻艽艿芀芁芃芄芇芉芊芎芑芔芖芘芚芛芠芡芣芤芧芨芩芪芮芰芲芴芷芺芼芾芿苆苐苕苚苠苢苤苨苪苭苯苶苷苽苾茀茁茇茈茊茋荔茛茝茞茟茡茢茬茭茮茰茳茷茺茼茽荂荃荄荇荍荎荑荕荖荗荰荸"],
+["8fd8a1","荽荿莀莂莄莆莍莒莔莕莘莙莛莜莝莦莧莩莬莾莿菀菇菉菏菐菑菔菝荓菨菪菶菸菹菼萁萆萊萏萑萕萙莭萯萹葅葇葈葊葍葏葑葒葖葘葙葚葜葠葤葥葧葪葰葳葴葶葸葼葽蒁蒅蒒蒓蒕蒞蒦蒨蒩蒪蒯蒱蒴蒺蒽蒾蓀蓂蓇蓈蓌蓏蓓"],
+["8fd9a1","蓜蓧蓪蓯蓰蓱蓲蓷蔲蓺蓻蓽蔂蔃蔇蔌蔎蔐蔜蔞蔢蔣蔤蔥蔧蔪蔫蔯蔳蔴蔶蔿蕆蕏",4,"蕖蕙蕜",6,"蕤蕫蕯蕹蕺蕻蕽蕿薁薅薆薉薋薌薏薓薘薝薟薠薢薥薧薴薶薷薸薼薽薾薿藂藇藊藋藎薭藘藚藟藠藦藨藭藳藶藼"],
+["8fdaa1","藿蘀蘄蘅蘍蘎蘐蘑蘒蘘蘙蘛蘞蘡蘧蘩蘶蘸蘺蘼蘽虀虂虆虒虓虖虗虘虙虝虠",4,"虩虬虯虵虶虷虺蚍蚑蚖蚘蚚蚜蚡蚦蚧蚨蚭蚱蚳蚴蚵蚷蚸蚹蚿蛀蛁蛃蛅蛑蛒蛕蛗蛚蛜蛠蛣蛥蛧蚈蛺蛼蛽蜄蜅蜇蜋蜎蜏蜐蜓蜔蜙蜞蜟蜡蜣"],
+["8fdba1","蜨蜮蜯蜱蜲蜹蜺蜼蜽蜾蝀蝃蝅蝍蝘蝝蝡蝤蝥蝯蝱蝲蝻螃",6,"螋螌螐螓螕螗螘螙螞螠螣螧螬螭螮螱螵螾螿蟁蟈蟉蟊蟎蟕蟖蟙蟚蟜蟟蟢蟣蟤蟪蟫蟭蟱蟳蟸蟺蟿蠁蠃蠆蠉蠊蠋蠐蠙蠒蠓蠔蠘蠚蠛蠜蠞蠟蠨蠭蠮蠰蠲蠵"],
+["8fdca1","蠺蠼衁衃衅衈衉衊衋衎衑衕衖衘衚衜衟衠衤衩衱衹衻袀袘袚袛袜袟袠袨袪袺袽袾裀裊",4,"裑裒裓裛裞裧裯裰裱裵裷褁褆褍褎褏褕褖褘褙褚褜褠褦褧褨褰褱褲褵褹褺褾襀襂襅襆襉襏襒襗襚襛襜襡襢襣襫襮襰襳襵襺"],
+["8fdda1","襻襼襽覉覍覐覔覕覛覜覟覠覥覰覴覵覶覷覼觔",4,"觥觩觫觭觱觳觶觹觽觿訄訅訇訏訑訒訔訕訞訠訢訤訦訫訬訯訵訷訽訾詀詃詅詇詉詍詎詓詖詗詘詜詝詡詥詧詵詶詷詹詺詻詾詿誀誃誆誋誏誐誒誖誗誙誟誧誩誮誯誳"],
+["8fdea1","誶誷誻誾諃諆諈諉諊諑諓諔諕諗諝諟諬諰諴諵諶諼諿謅謆謋謑謜謞謟謊謭謰謷謼譂",4,"譈譒譓譔譙譍譞譣譭譶譸譹譼譾讁讄讅讋讍讏讔讕讜讞讟谸谹谽谾豅豇豉豋豏豑豓豔豗豘豛豝豙豣豤豦豨豩豭豳豵豶豻豾貆"],
+["8fdfa1","貇貋貐貒貓貙貛貜貤貹貺賅賆賉賋賏賖賕賙賝賡賨賬賯賰賲賵賷賸賾賿贁贃贉贒贗贛赥赩赬赮赿趂趄趈趍趐趑趕趞趟趠趦趫趬趯趲趵趷趹趻跀跅跆跇跈跊跎跑跔跕跗跙跤跥跧跬跰趼跱跲跴跽踁踄踅踆踋踑踔踖踠踡踢"],
+["8fe0a1","踣踦踧踱踳踶踷踸踹踽蹀蹁蹋蹍蹎蹏蹔蹛蹜蹝蹞蹡蹢蹩蹬蹭蹯蹰蹱蹹蹺蹻躂躃躉躐躒躕躚躛躝躞躢躧躩躭躮躳躵躺躻軀軁軃軄軇軏軑軔軜軨軮軰軱軷軹軺軭輀輂輇輈輏輐輖輗輘輞輠輡輣輥輧輨輬輭輮輴輵輶輷輺轀轁"],
+["8fe1a1","轃轇轏轑",4,"轘轝轞轥辝辠辡辤辥辦辵辶辸达迀迁迆迊迋迍运迒迓迕迠迣迤迨迮迱迵迶迻迾适逄逈逌逘逛逨逩逯逪逬逭逳逴逷逿遃遄遌遛遝遢遦遧遬遰遴遹邅邈邋邌邎邐邕邗邘邙邛邠邡邢邥邰邲邳邴邶邽郌邾郃"],
+["8fe2a1","郄郅郇郈郕郗郘郙郜郝郟郥郒郶郫郯郰郴郾郿鄀鄄鄅鄆鄈鄍鄐鄔鄖鄗鄘鄚鄜鄞鄠鄥鄢鄣鄧鄩鄮鄯鄱鄴鄶鄷鄹鄺鄼鄽酃酇酈酏酓酗酙酚酛酡酤酧酭酴酹酺酻醁醃醅醆醊醎醑醓醔醕醘醞醡醦醨醬醭醮醰醱醲醳醶醻醼醽醿"],
+["8fe3a1","釂釃釅釓釔釗釙釚釞釤釥釩釪釬",5,"釷釹釻釽鈀鈁鈄鈅鈆鈇鈉鈊鈌鈐鈒鈓鈖鈘鈜鈝鈣鈤鈥鈦鈨鈮鈯鈰鈳鈵鈶鈸鈹鈺鈼鈾鉀鉂鉃鉆鉇鉊鉍鉎鉏鉑鉘鉙鉜鉝鉠鉡鉥鉧鉨鉩鉮鉯鉰鉵",4,"鉻鉼鉽鉿銈銉銊銍銎銒銗"],
+["8fe4a1","銙銟銠銤銥銧銨銫銯銲銶銸銺銻銼銽銿",4,"鋅鋆鋇鋈鋋鋌鋍鋎鋐鋓鋕鋗鋘鋙鋜鋝鋟鋠鋡鋣鋥鋧鋨鋬鋮鋰鋹鋻鋿錀錂錈錍錑錔錕錜錝錞錟錡錤錥錧錩錪錳錴錶錷鍇鍈鍉鍐鍑鍒鍕鍗鍘鍚鍞鍤鍥鍧鍩鍪鍭鍯鍰鍱鍳鍴鍶"],
+["8fe5a1","鍺鍽鍿鎀鎁鎂鎈鎊鎋鎍鎏鎒鎕鎘鎛鎞鎡鎣鎤鎦鎨鎫鎴鎵鎶鎺鎩鏁鏄鏅鏆鏇鏉",4,"鏓鏙鏜鏞鏟鏢鏦鏧鏹鏷鏸鏺鏻鏽鐁鐂鐄鐈鐉鐍鐎鐏鐕鐖鐗鐟鐮鐯鐱鐲鐳鐴鐻鐿鐽鑃鑅鑈鑊鑌鑕鑙鑜鑟鑡鑣鑨鑫鑭鑮鑯鑱鑲钄钃镸镹"],
+["8fe6a1","镾閄閈閌閍閎閝閞閟閡閦閩閫閬閴閶閺閽閿闆闈闉闋闐闑闒闓闙闚闝闞闟闠闤闦阝阞阢阤阥阦阬阱阳阷阸阹阺阼阽陁陒陔陖陗陘陡陮陴陻陼陾陿隁隂隃隄隉隑隖隚隝隟隤隥隦隩隮隯隳隺雊雒嶲雘雚雝雞雟雩雯雱雺霂"],
+["8fe7a1","霃霅霉霚霛霝霡霢霣霨霱霳靁靃靊靎靏靕靗靘靚靛靣靧靪靮靳靶靷靸靻靽靿鞀鞉鞕鞖鞗鞙鞚鞞鞟鞢鞬鞮鞱鞲鞵鞶鞸鞹鞺鞼鞾鞿韁韄韅韇韉韊韌韍韎韐韑韔韗韘韙韝韞韠韛韡韤韯韱韴韷韸韺頇頊頙頍頎頔頖頜頞頠頣頦"],
+["8fe8a1","頫頮頯頰頲頳頵頥頾顄顇顊顑顒顓顖顗顙顚顢顣顥顦顪顬颫颭颮颰颴颷颸颺颻颿飂飅飈飌飡飣飥飦飧飪飳飶餂餇餈餑餕餖餗餚餛餜餟餢餦餧餫餱",4,"餹餺餻餼饀饁饆饇饈饍饎饔饘饙饛饜饞饟饠馛馝馟馦馰馱馲馵"],
+["8fe9a1","馹馺馽馿駃駉駓駔駙駚駜駞駧駪駫駬駰駴駵駹駽駾騂騃騄騋騌騐騑騖騞騠騢騣騤騧騭騮騳騵騶騸驇驁驄驊驋驌驎驑驔驖驝骪骬骮骯骲骴骵骶骹骻骾骿髁髃髆髈髎髐髒髕髖髗髛髜髠髤髥髧髩髬髲髳髵髹髺髽髿",4],
+["8feaa1","鬄鬅鬈鬉鬋鬌鬍鬎鬐鬒鬖鬙鬛鬜鬠鬦鬫鬭鬳鬴鬵鬷鬹鬺鬽魈魋魌魕魖魗魛魞魡魣魥魦魨魪",4,"魳魵魷魸魹魿鮀鮄鮅鮆鮇鮉鮊鮋鮍鮏鮐鮔鮚鮝鮞鮦鮧鮩鮬鮰鮱鮲鮷鮸鮻鮼鮾鮿鯁鯇鯈鯎鯐鯗鯘鯝鯟鯥鯧鯪鯫鯯鯳鯷鯸"],
+["8feba1","鯹鯺鯽鯿鰀鰂鰋鰏鰑鰖鰘鰙鰚鰜鰞鰢鰣鰦",4,"鰱鰵鰶鰷鰽鱁鱃鱄鱅鱉鱊鱎鱏鱐鱓鱔鱖鱘鱛鱝鱞鱟鱣鱩鱪鱜鱫鱨鱮鱰鱲鱵鱷鱻鳦鳲鳷鳹鴋鴂鴑鴗鴘鴜鴝鴞鴯鴰鴲鴳鴴鴺鴼鵅鴽鵂鵃鵇鵊鵓鵔鵟鵣鵢鵥鵩鵪鵫鵰鵶鵷鵻"],
+["8feca1","鵼鵾鶃鶄鶆鶊鶍鶎鶒鶓鶕鶖鶗鶘鶡鶪鶬鶮鶱鶵鶹鶼鶿鷃鷇鷉鷊鷔鷕鷖鷗鷚鷞鷟鷠鷥鷧鷩鷫鷮鷰鷳鷴鷾鸊鸂鸇鸎鸐鸑鸒鸕鸖鸙鸜鸝鹺鹻鹼麀麂麃麄麅麇麎麏麖麘麛麞麤麨麬麮麯麰麳麴麵黆黈黋黕黟黤黧黬黭黮黰黱黲黵"],
+["8feda1","黸黿鼂鼃鼉鼏鼐鼑鼒鼔鼖鼗鼙鼚鼛鼟鼢鼦鼪鼫鼯鼱鼲鼴鼷鼹鼺鼼鼽鼿齁齃",4,"齓齕齖齗齘齚齝齞齨齩齭",4,"齳齵齺齽龏龐龑龒龔龖龗龞龡龢龣龥"]
+]
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/gb18030-ranges.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/gb18030-ranges.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85c693475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/gb18030-ranges.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"uChars":[128,165,169,178,184,216,226,235,238,244,248,251,253,258,276,284,300,325,329,334,364,463,465,467,469,471,473,475,477,506,594,610,712,716,730,930,938,962,970,1026,1104,1106,8209,8215,8218,8222,8231,8241,8244,8246,8252,8365,8452,8454,8458,8471,8482,8556,8570,8596,8602,8713,8720,8722,8726,8731,8737,8740,8742,8748,8751,8760,8766,8777,8781,8787,8802,8808,8816,8854,8858,8870,8896,8979,9322,9372,9548,9588,9616,9622,9634,9652,9662,9672,9676,9680,9702,9735,9738,9793,9795,11906,11909,11913,11917,11928,11944,11947,11951,11956,11960,11964,11979,12284,12292,12312,12319,12330,12351,12436,12447,12535,12543,12586,12842,12850,12964,13200,13215,13218,13253,13263,13267,13270,13384,13428,13727,13839,13851,14617,14703,14801,14816,14964,15183,15471,15585,16471,16736,17208,17325,17330,17374,17623,17997,18018,18212,18218,18301,18318,18760,18811,18814,18820,18823,18844,18848,18872,19576,19620,19738,19887,40870,59244,59336,59367,59413,59417,59423,59431,59437,59443,59452,59460,59478,59493,63789,63866,63894,63976,63986,64016,64018,64021,64025,64034,64037,64042,65074,65093,65107,65112,65127,65132,65375,65510,65536],"gbChars":[0,36,38,45,50,81,89,95,96,100,103,104,105,109,126,133,148,172,175,179,208,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,341,428,443,544,545,558,741,742,749,750,805,819,820,7922,7924,7925,7927,7934,7943,7944,7945,7950,8062,8148,8149,8152,8164,8174,8236,8240,8262,8264,8374,8380,8381,8384,8388,8390,8392,8393,8394,8396,8401,8406,8416,8419,8424,8437,8439,8445,8482,8485,8496,8521,8603,8936,8946,9046,9050,9063,9066,9076,9092,9100,9108,9111,9113,9131,9162,9164,9218,9219,11329,11331,11334,11336,11346,11361,11363,11366,11370,11372,11375,11389,11682,11686,11687,11692,11694,11714,11716,11723,11725,11730,11736,11982,11989,12102,12336,12348,12350,12384,12393,12395,12397,12510,12553,12851,12962,12973,13738,13823,13919,13933,14080,14298,14585,14698,15583,15847,16318,16434,16438,16481,16729,17102,17122,17315,17320,17402,17418,17859,17909,17911,17915,17916,17936,17939,17961,18664,18703,18814,18962,19043,33469,33470,33471,33484,33485,33490,33497,33501,33505,33513,33520,33536,33550,37845,37921,37948,38029,38038,38064,38065,38066,38069,38075,38076,38078,39108,39109,39113,39114,39115,39116,39265,39394,189000]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/gbk-added.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/gbk-added.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8abfa9f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/gbk-added.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+[
+["a140","",62],
+["a180","",32],
+["a240","",62],
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/shiftjis.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/shiftjis.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a3a43cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/tables/shiftjis.json
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+["e780","轢轣轤辜辟辣辭辯辷迚迥迢迪迯邇迴逅迹迺逑逕逡逍逞逖逋逧逶逵逹迸遏遐遑遒逎遉逾遖遘遞遨遯遶隨遲邂遽邁邀邊邉邏邨邯邱邵郢郤扈郛鄂鄒鄙鄲鄰酊酖酘酣酥酩酳酲醋醉醂醢醫醯醪醵醴醺釀釁釉釋釐釖釟釡釛釼釵釶鈞釿鈔鈬鈕鈑鉞鉗鉅鉉鉤鉈銕鈿鉋鉐銜銖銓銛鉚鋏銹銷鋩錏鋺鍄錮"],
+["e840","錙錢錚錣錺錵錻鍜鍠鍼鍮鍖鎰鎬鎭鎔鎹鏖鏗鏨鏥鏘鏃鏝鏐鏈鏤鐚鐔鐓鐃鐇鐐鐶鐫鐵鐡鐺鑁鑒鑄鑛鑠鑢鑞鑪鈩鑰鑵鑷鑽鑚鑼鑾钁鑿閂閇閊閔閖閘閙"],
+["e880","閠閨閧閭閼閻閹閾闊濶闃闍闌闕闔闖關闡闥闢阡阨阮阯陂陌陏陋陷陜陞陝陟陦陲陬隍隘隕隗險隧隱隲隰隴隶隸隹雎雋雉雍襍雜霍雕雹霄霆霈霓霎霑霏霖霙霤霪霰霹霽霾靄靆靈靂靉靜靠靤靦靨勒靫靱靹鞅靼鞁靺鞆鞋鞏鞐鞜鞨鞦鞣鞳鞴韃韆韈韋韜韭齏韲竟韶韵頏頌頸頤頡頷頽顆顏顋顫顯顰"],
+["e940","顱顴顳颪颯颱颶飄飃飆飩飫餃餉餒餔餘餡餝餞餤餠餬餮餽餾饂饉饅饐饋饑饒饌饕馗馘馥馭馮馼駟駛駝駘駑駭駮駱駲駻駸騁騏騅駢騙騫騷驅驂驀驃"],
+["e980","騾驕驍驛驗驟驢驥驤驩驫驪骭骰骼髀髏髑髓體髞髟髢髣髦髯髫髮髴髱髷髻鬆鬘鬚鬟鬢鬣鬥鬧鬨鬩鬪鬮鬯鬲魄魃魏魍魎魑魘魴鮓鮃鮑鮖鮗鮟鮠鮨鮴鯀鯊鮹鯆鯏鯑鯒鯣鯢鯤鯔鯡鰺鯲鯱鯰鰕鰔鰉鰓鰌鰆鰈鰒鰊鰄鰮鰛鰥鰤鰡鰰鱇鰲鱆鰾鱚鱠鱧鱶鱸鳧鳬鳰鴉鴈鳫鴃鴆鴪鴦鶯鴣鴟鵄鴕鴒鵁鴿鴾鵆鵈"],
+["ea40","鵝鵞鵤鵑鵐鵙鵲鶉鶇鶫鵯鵺鶚鶤鶩鶲鷄鷁鶻鶸鶺鷆鷏鷂鷙鷓鷸鷦鷭鷯鷽鸚鸛鸞鹵鹹鹽麁麈麋麌麒麕麑麝麥麩麸麪麭靡黌黎黏黐黔黜點黝黠黥黨黯"],
+["ea80","黴黶黷黹黻黼黽鼇鼈皷鼕鼡鼬鼾齊齒齔齣齟齠齡齦齧齬齪齷齲齶龕龜龠堯槇遙瑤凜熙"],
+["ed40","纊褜鍈銈蓜俉炻昱棈鋹曻彅丨仡仼伀伃伹佖侒侊侚侔俍偀倢俿倞偆偰偂傔僴僘兊兤冝冾凬刕劜劦勀勛匀匇匤卲厓厲叝﨎咜咊咩哿喆坙坥垬埈埇﨏"],
+["ed80","塚增墲夋奓奛奝奣妤妺孖寀甯寘寬尞岦岺峵崧嵓﨑嵂嵭嶸嶹巐弡弴彧德忞恝悅悊惞惕愠惲愑愷愰憘戓抦揵摠撝擎敎昀昕昻昉昮昞昤晥晗晙晴晳暙暠暲暿曺朎朗杦枻桒柀栁桄棏﨓楨﨔榘槢樰橫橆橳橾櫢櫤毖氿汜沆汯泚洄涇浯涖涬淏淸淲淼渹湜渧渼溿澈澵濵瀅瀇瀨炅炫焏焄煜煆煇凞燁燾犱"],
+["ee40","犾猤猪獷玽珉珖珣珒琇珵琦琪琩琮瑢璉璟甁畯皂皜皞皛皦益睆劯砡硎硤硺礰礼神祥禔福禛竑竧靖竫箞精絈絜綷綠緖繒罇羡羽茁荢荿菇菶葈蒴蕓蕙"],
+["ee80","蕫﨟薰蘒﨡蠇裵訒訷詹誧誾諟諸諶譓譿賰賴贒赶﨣軏﨤逸遧郞都鄕鄧釚釗釞釭釮釤釥鈆鈐鈊鈺鉀鈼鉎鉙鉑鈹鉧銧鉷鉸鋧鋗鋙鋐﨧鋕鋠鋓錥錡鋻﨨錞鋿錝錂鍰鍗鎤鏆鏞鏸鐱鑅鑈閒隆﨩隝隯霳霻靃靍靏靑靕顗顥飯飼餧館馞驎髙髜魵魲鮏鮱鮻鰀鵰鵫鶴鸙黑"],
+["eeef","ⅰ",9,"￢￤＇＂"],
+["f040","",62],
+["f080","",124],
+["f140","",62],
+["f180","",124],
+["f240","",62],
+["f280","",124],
+["f340","",62],
+["f380","",124],
+["f440","",62],
+["f480","",124],
+["f540","",62],
+["f580","",124],
+["f640","",62],
+["f680","",124],
+["f740","",62],
+["f780","",124],
+["f840","",62],
+["f880","",124],
+["f940",""],
+["fa40","ⅰ",9,"Ⅰ",9,"￢￤＇＂㈱№℡∵纊褜鍈銈蓜俉炻昱棈鋹曻彅丨仡仼伀伃伹佖侒侊侚侔俍偀倢俿倞偆偰偂傔僴僘兊"],
+["fa80","兤冝冾凬刕劜劦勀勛匀匇匤卲厓厲叝﨎咜咊咩哿喆坙坥垬埈埇﨏塚增墲夋奓奛奝奣妤妺孖寀甯寘寬尞岦岺峵崧嵓﨑嵂嵭嶸嶹巐弡弴彧德忞恝悅悊惞惕愠惲愑愷愰憘戓抦揵摠撝擎敎昀昕昻昉昮昞昤晥晗晙晴晳暙暠暲暿曺朎朗杦枻桒柀栁桄棏﨓楨﨔榘槢樰橫橆橳橾櫢櫤毖氿汜沆汯泚洄涇浯"],
+["fb40","涖涬淏淸淲淼渹湜渧渼溿澈澵濵瀅瀇瀨炅炫焏焄煜煆煇凞燁燾犱犾猤猪獷玽珉珖珣珒琇珵琦琪琩琮瑢璉璟甁畯皂皜皞皛皦益睆劯砡硎硤硺礰礼神"],
+["fb80","祥禔福禛竑竧靖竫箞精絈絜綷綠緖繒罇羡羽茁荢荿菇菶葈蒴蕓蕙蕫﨟薰蘒﨡蠇裵訒訷詹誧誾諟諸諶譓譿賰賴贒赶﨣軏﨤逸遧郞都鄕鄧釚釗釞釭釮釤釥鈆鈐鈊鈺鉀鈼鉎鉙鉑鈹鉧銧鉷鉸鋧鋗鋙鋐﨧鋕鋠鋓錥錡鋻﨨錞鋿錝錂鍰鍗鎤鏆鏞鏸鐱鑅鑈閒隆﨩隝隯霳霻靃靍靏靑靕顗顥飯飼餧館馞驎髙"],
+["fc40","髜魵魲鮏鮱鮻鰀鵰鵫鶴鸙黑"]
+]
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/utf16.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/utf16.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54765aeee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/utf16.js
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"use strict";
+var Buffer = require("safer-buffer").Buffer;
+
+// Note: UTF16-LE (or UCS2) codec is Node.js native. See encodings/internal.js
+
+// == UTF16-BE codec. ==========================================================
+
+exports.utf16be = Utf16BECodec;
+function Utf16BECodec() {
+}
+
+Utf16BECodec.prototype.encoder = Utf16BEEncoder;
+Utf16BECodec.prototype.decoder = Utf16BEDecoder;
+Utf16BECodec.prototype.bomAware = true;
+
+
+// -- Encoding
+
+function Utf16BEEncoder() {
+}
+
+Utf16BEEncoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    var buf = Buffer.from(str, 'ucs2');
+    for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i += 2) {
+        var tmp = buf[i]; buf[i] = buf[i+1]; buf[i+1] = tmp;
+    }
+    return buf;
+}
+
+Utf16BEEncoder.prototype.end = function() {
+}
+
+
+// -- Decoding
+
+function Utf16BEDecoder() {
+    this.overflowByte = -1;
+}
+
+Utf16BEDecoder.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    if (buf.length == 0)
+        return '';
+
+    var buf2 = Buffer.alloc(buf.length + 1),
+        i = 0, j = 0;
+
+    if (this.overflowByte !== -1) {
+        buf2[0] = buf[0];
+        buf2[1] = this.overflowByte;
+        i = 1; j = 2;
+    }
+
+    for (; i < buf.length-1; i += 2, j+= 2) {
+        buf2[j] = buf[i+1];
+        buf2[j+1] = buf[i];
+    }
+
+    this.overflowByte = (i == buf.length-1) ? buf[buf.length-1] : -1;
+
+    return buf2.slice(0, j).toString('ucs2');
+}
+
+Utf16BEDecoder.prototype.end = function() {
+}
+
+
+// == UTF-16 codec =============================================================
+// Decoder chooses automatically from UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE using BOM and space-based heuristic.
+// Defaults to UTF-16LE, as it's prevalent and default in Node.
+// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16 and http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#utf-16le
+// Decoder default can be changed: iconv.decode(buf, 'utf16', {defaultEncoding: 'utf-16be'});
+
+// Encoder uses UTF-16LE and prepends BOM (which can be overridden with addBOM: false).
+
+exports.utf16 = Utf16Codec;
+function Utf16Codec(codecOptions, iconv) {
+    this.iconv = iconv;
+}
+
+Utf16Codec.prototype.encoder = Utf16Encoder;
+Utf16Codec.prototype.decoder = Utf16Decoder;
+
+
+// -- Encoding (pass-through)
+
+function Utf16Encoder(options, codec) {
+    options = options || {};
+    if (options.addBOM === undefined)
+        options.addBOM = true;
+    this.encoder = codec.iconv.getEncoder('utf-16le', options);
+}
+
+Utf16Encoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    return this.encoder.write(str);
+}
+
+Utf16Encoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    return this.encoder.end();
+}
+
+
+// -- Decoding
+
+function Utf16Decoder(options, codec) {
+    this.decoder = null;
+    this.initialBytes = [];
+    this.initialBytesLen = 0;
+
+    this.options = options || {};
+    this.iconv = codec.iconv;
+}
+
+Utf16Decoder.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    if (!this.decoder) {
+        // Codec is not chosen yet. Accumulate initial bytes.
+        this.initialBytes.push(buf);
+        this.initialBytesLen += buf.length;
+        
+        if (this.initialBytesLen < 16) // We need more bytes to use space heuristic (see below)
+            return '';
+
+        // We have enough bytes -> detect endianness.
+        var buf = Buffer.concat(this.initialBytes),
+            encoding = detectEncoding(buf, this.options.defaultEncoding);
+        this.decoder = this.iconv.getDecoder(encoding, this.options);
+        this.initialBytes.length = this.initialBytesLen = 0;
+    }
+
+    return this.decoder.write(buf);
+}
+
+Utf16Decoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    if (!this.decoder) {
+        var buf = Buffer.concat(this.initialBytes),
+            encoding = detectEncoding(buf, this.options.defaultEncoding);
+        this.decoder = this.iconv.getDecoder(encoding, this.options);
+
+        var res = this.decoder.write(buf),
+            trail = this.decoder.end();
+
+        return trail ? (res + trail) : res;
+    }
+    return this.decoder.end();
+}
+
+function detectEncoding(buf, defaultEncoding) {
+    var enc = defaultEncoding || 'utf-16le';
+
+    if (buf.length >= 2) {
+        // Check BOM.
+        if (buf[0] == 0xFE && buf[1] == 0xFF) // UTF-16BE BOM
+            enc = 'utf-16be';
+        else if (buf[0] == 0xFF && buf[1] == 0xFE) // UTF-16LE BOM
+            enc = 'utf-16le';
+        else {
+            // No BOM found. Try to deduce encoding from initial content.
+            // Most of the time, the content has ASCII chars (U+00**), but the opposite (U+**00) is uncommon.
+            // So, we count ASCII as if it was LE or BE, and decide from that.
+            var asciiCharsLE = 0, asciiCharsBE = 0, // Counts of chars in both positions
+                _len = Math.min(buf.length - (buf.length % 2), 64); // Len is always even.
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < _len; i += 2) {
+                if (buf[i] === 0 && buf[i+1] !== 0) asciiCharsBE++;
+                if (buf[i] !== 0 && buf[i+1] === 0) asciiCharsLE++;
+            }
+
+            if (asciiCharsBE > asciiCharsLE)
+                enc = 'utf-16be';
+            else if (asciiCharsBE < asciiCharsLE)
+                enc = 'utf-16le';
+        }
+    }
+
+    return enc;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/utf7.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/utf7.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7631c23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/encodings/utf7.js
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"use strict";
+var Buffer = require("safer-buffer").Buffer;
+
+// UTF-7 codec, according to https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2152
+// See also below a UTF-7-IMAP codec, according to http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501#section-5.1.3
+
+exports.utf7 = Utf7Codec;
+exports.unicode11utf7 = 'utf7'; // Alias UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7
+function Utf7Codec(codecOptions, iconv) {
+    this.iconv = iconv;
+};
+
+Utf7Codec.prototype.encoder = Utf7Encoder;
+Utf7Codec.prototype.decoder = Utf7Decoder;
+Utf7Codec.prototype.bomAware = true;
+
+
+// -- Encoding
+
+var nonDirectChars = /[^A-Za-z0-9'\(\),-\.\/:\? \n\r\t]+/g;
+
+function Utf7Encoder(options, codec) {
+    this.iconv = codec.iconv;
+}
+
+Utf7Encoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    // Naive implementation.
+    // Non-direct chars are encoded as "+<base64>-"; single "+" char is encoded as "+-".
+    return Buffer.from(str.replace(nonDirectChars, function(chunk) {
+        return "+" + (chunk === '+' ? '' : 
+            this.iconv.encode(chunk, 'utf16-be').toString('base64').replace(/=+$/, '')) 
+            + "-";
+    }.bind(this)));
+}
+
+Utf7Encoder.prototype.end = function() {
+}
+
+
+// -- Decoding
+
+function Utf7Decoder(options, codec) {
+    this.iconv = codec.iconv;
+    this.inBase64 = false;
+    this.base64Accum = '';
+}
+
+var base64Regex = /[A-Za-z0-9\/+]/;
+var base64Chars = [];
+for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    base64Chars[i] = base64Regex.test(String.fromCharCode(i));
+
+var plusChar = '+'.charCodeAt(0), 
+    minusChar = '-'.charCodeAt(0),
+    andChar = '&'.charCodeAt(0);
+
+Utf7Decoder.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    var res = "", lastI = 0,
+        inBase64 = this.inBase64,
+        base64Accum = this.base64Accum;
+
+    // The decoder is more involved as we must handle chunks in stream.
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+        if (!inBase64) { // We're in direct mode.
+            // Write direct chars until '+'
+            if (buf[i] == plusChar) {
+                res += this.iconv.decode(buf.slice(lastI, i), "ascii"); // Write direct chars.
+                lastI = i+1;
+                inBase64 = true;
+            }
+        } else { // We decode base64.
+            if (!base64Chars[buf[i]]) { // Base64 ended.
+                if (i == lastI && buf[i] == minusChar) {// "+-" -> "+"
+                    res += "+";
+                } else {
+                    var b64str = base64Accum + buf.slice(lastI, i).toString();
+                    res += this.iconv.decode(Buffer.from(b64str, 'base64'), "utf16-be");
+                }
+
+                if (buf[i] != minusChar) // Minus is absorbed after base64.
+                    i--;
+
+                lastI = i+1;
+                inBase64 = false;
+                base64Accum = '';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!inBase64) {
+        res += this.iconv.decode(buf.slice(lastI), "ascii"); // Write direct chars.
+    } else {
+        var b64str = base64Accum + buf.slice(lastI).toString();
+
+        var canBeDecoded = b64str.length - (b64str.length % 8); // Minimal chunk: 2 quads -> 2x3 bytes -> 3 chars.
+        base64Accum = b64str.slice(canBeDecoded); // The rest will be decoded in future.
+        b64str = b64str.slice(0, canBeDecoded);
+
+        res += this.iconv.decode(Buffer.from(b64str, 'base64'), "utf16-be");
+    }
+
+    this.inBase64 = inBase64;
+    this.base64Accum = base64Accum;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+Utf7Decoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    var res = "";
+    if (this.inBase64 && this.base64Accum.length > 0)
+        res = this.iconv.decode(Buffer.from(this.base64Accum, 'base64'), "utf16-be");
+
+    this.inBase64 = false;
+    this.base64Accum = '';
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+// UTF-7-IMAP codec.
+// RFC3501 Sec. 5.1.3 Modified UTF-7 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501#section-5.1.3)
+// Differences:
+//  * Base64 part is started by "&" instead of "+"
+//  * Direct characters are 0x20-0x7E, except "&" (0x26)
+//  * In Base64, "," is used instead of "/"
+//  * Base64 must not be used to represent direct characters.
+//  * No implicit shift back from Base64 (should always end with '-')
+//  * String must end in non-shifted position.
+//  * "-&" while in base64 is not allowed.
+
+
+exports.utf7imap = Utf7IMAPCodec;
+function Utf7IMAPCodec(codecOptions, iconv) {
+    this.iconv = iconv;
+};
+
+Utf7IMAPCodec.prototype.encoder = Utf7IMAPEncoder;
+Utf7IMAPCodec.prototype.decoder = Utf7IMAPDecoder;
+Utf7IMAPCodec.prototype.bomAware = true;
+
+
+// -- Encoding
+
+function Utf7IMAPEncoder(options, codec) {
+    this.iconv = codec.iconv;
+    this.inBase64 = false;
+    this.base64Accum = Buffer.alloc(6);
+    this.base64AccumIdx = 0;
+}
+
+Utf7IMAPEncoder.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    var inBase64 = this.inBase64,
+        base64Accum = this.base64Accum,
+        base64AccumIdx = this.base64AccumIdx,
+        buf = Buffer.alloc(str.length*5 + 10), bufIdx = 0;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+        var uChar = str.charCodeAt(i);
+        if (0x20 <= uChar && uChar <= 0x7E) { // Direct character or '&'.
+            if (inBase64) {
+                if (base64AccumIdx > 0) {
+                    bufIdx += buf.write(base64Accum.slice(0, base64AccumIdx).toString('base64').replace(/\//g, ',').replace(/=+$/, ''), bufIdx);
+                    base64AccumIdx = 0;
+                }
+
+                buf[bufIdx++] = minusChar; // Write '-', then go to direct mode.
+                inBase64 = false;
+            }
+
+            if (!inBase64) {
+                buf[bufIdx++] = uChar; // Write direct character
+
+                if (uChar === andChar)  // Ampersand -> '&-'
+                    buf[bufIdx++] = minusChar;
+            }
+
+        } else { // Non-direct character
+            if (!inBase64) {
+                buf[bufIdx++] = andChar; // Write '&', then go to base64 mode.
+                inBase64 = true;
+            }
+            if (inBase64) {
+                base64Accum[base64AccumIdx++] = uChar >> 8;
+                base64Accum[base64AccumIdx++] = uChar & 0xFF;
+
+                if (base64AccumIdx == base64Accum.length) {
+                    bufIdx += buf.write(base64Accum.toString('base64').replace(/\//g, ','), bufIdx);
+                    base64AccumIdx = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.inBase64 = inBase64;
+    this.base64AccumIdx = base64AccumIdx;
+
+    return buf.slice(0, bufIdx);
+}
+
+Utf7IMAPEncoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    var buf = Buffer.alloc(10), bufIdx = 0;
+    if (this.inBase64) {
+        if (this.base64AccumIdx > 0) {
+            bufIdx += buf.write(this.base64Accum.slice(0, this.base64AccumIdx).toString('base64').replace(/\//g, ',').replace(/=+$/, ''), bufIdx);
+            this.base64AccumIdx = 0;
+        }
+
+        buf[bufIdx++] = minusChar; // Write '-', then go to direct mode.
+        this.inBase64 = false;
+    }
+
+    return buf.slice(0, bufIdx);
+}
+
+
+// -- Decoding
+
+function Utf7IMAPDecoder(options, codec) {
+    this.iconv = codec.iconv;
+    this.inBase64 = false;
+    this.base64Accum = '';
+}
+
+var base64IMAPChars = base64Chars.slice();
+base64IMAPChars[','.charCodeAt(0)] = true;
+
+Utf7IMAPDecoder.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    var res = "", lastI = 0,
+        inBase64 = this.inBase64,
+        base64Accum = this.base64Accum;
+
+    // The decoder is more involved as we must handle chunks in stream.
+    // It is forgiving, closer to standard UTF-7 (for example, '-' is optional at the end).
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+        if (!inBase64) { // We're in direct mode.
+            // Write direct chars until '&'
+            if (buf[i] == andChar) {
+                res += this.iconv.decode(buf.slice(lastI, i), "ascii"); // Write direct chars.
+                lastI = i+1;
+                inBase64 = true;
+            }
+        } else { // We decode base64.
+            if (!base64IMAPChars[buf[i]]) { // Base64 ended.
+                if (i == lastI && buf[i] == minusChar) { // "&-" -> "&"
+                    res += "&";
+                } else {
+                    var b64str = base64Accum + buf.slice(lastI, i).toString().replace(/,/g, '/');
+                    res += this.iconv.decode(Buffer.from(b64str, 'base64'), "utf16-be");
+                }
+
+                if (buf[i] != minusChar) // Minus may be absorbed after base64.
+                    i--;
+
+                lastI = i+1;
+                inBase64 = false;
+                base64Accum = '';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!inBase64) {
+        res += this.iconv.decode(buf.slice(lastI), "ascii"); // Write direct chars.
+    } else {
+        var b64str = base64Accum + buf.slice(lastI).toString().replace(/,/g, '/');
+
+        var canBeDecoded = b64str.length - (b64str.length % 8); // Minimal chunk: 2 quads -> 2x3 bytes -> 3 chars.
+        base64Accum = b64str.slice(canBeDecoded); // The rest will be decoded in future.
+        b64str = b64str.slice(0, canBeDecoded);
+
+        res += this.iconv.decode(Buffer.from(b64str, 'base64'), "utf16-be");
+    }
+
+    this.inBase64 = inBase64;
+    this.base64Accum = base64Accum;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+Utf7IMAPDecoder.prototype.end = function() {
+    var res = "";
+    if (this.inBase64 && this.base64Accum.length > 0)
+        res = this.iconv.decode(Buffer.from(this.base64Accum, 'base64'), "utf16-be");
+
+    this.inBase64 = false;
+    this.base64Accum = '';
+    return res;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/bom-handling.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/bom-handling.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..105087238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/bom-handling.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var BOMChar = '\uFEFF';
+
+exports.PrependBOM = PrependBOMWrapper
+function PrependBOMWrapper(encoder, options) {
+    this.encoder = encoder;
+    this.addBOM = true;
+}
+
+PrependBOMWrapper.prototype.write = function(str) {
+    if (this.addBOM) {
+        str = BOMChar + str;
+        this.addBOM = false;
+    }
+
+    return this.encoder.write(str);
+}
+
+PrependBOMWrapper.prototype.end = function() {
+    return this.encoder.end();
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+exports.StripBOM = StripBOMWrapper;
+function StripBOMWrapper(decoder, options) {
+    this.decoder = decoder;
+    this.pass = false;
+    this.options = options || {};
+}
+
+StripBOMWrapper.prototype.write = function(buf) {
+    var res = this.decoder.write(buf);
+    if (this.pass || !res)
+        return res;
+
+    if (res[0] === BOMChar) {
+        res = res.slice(1);
+        if (typeof this.options.stripBOM === 'function')
+            this.options.stripBOM();
+    }
+
+    this.pass = true;
+    return res;
+}
+
+StripBOMWrapper.prototype.end = function() {
+    return this.decoder.end();
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/extend-node.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/extend-node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87f5394a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/extend-node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+"use strict";
+var Buffer = require("buffer").Buffer;
+// Note: not polyfilled with safer-buffer on a purpose, as overrides Buffer
+
+// == Extend Node primitives to use iconv-lite =================================
+
+module.exports = function (iconv) {
+    var original = undefined; // Place to keep original methods.
+
+    // Node authors rewrote Buffer internals to make it compatible with
+    // Uint8Array and we cannot patch key functions since then.
+    // Note: this does use older Buffer API on a purpose
+    iconv.supportsNodeEncodingsExtension = !(Buffer.from || new Buffer(0) instanceof Uint8Array);
+
+    iconv.extendNodeEncodings = function extendNodeEncodings() {
+        if (original) return;
+        original = {};
+
+        if (!iconv.supportsNodeEncodingsExtension) {
+            console.error("ACTION NEEDED: require('iconv-lite').extendNodeEncodings() is not supported in your version of Node");
+            console.error("See more info at https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/wiki/Node-v4-compatibility");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var nodeNativeEncodings = {
+            'hex': true, 'utf8': true, 'utf-8': true, 'ascii': true, 'binary': true, 
+            'base64': true, 'ucs2': true, 'ucs-2': true, 'utf16le': true, 'utf-16le': true,
+        };
+
+        Buffer.isNativeEncoding = function(enc) {
+            return enc && nodeNativeEncodings[enc.toLowerCase()];
+        }
+
+        // -- SlowBuffer -----------------------------------------------------------
+        var SlowBuffer = require('buffer').SlowBuffer;
+
+        original.SlowBufferToString = SlowBuffer.prototype.toString;
+        SlowBuffer.prototype.toString = function(encoding, start, end) {
+            encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase();
+
+            // Use native conversion when possible
+            if (Buffer.isNativeEncoding(encoding))
+                return original.SlowBufferToString.call(this, encoding, start, end);
+
+            // Otherwise, use our decoding method.
+            if (typeof start == 'undefined') start = 0;
+            if (typeof end == 'undefined') end = this.length;
+            return iconv.decode(this.slice(start, end), encoding);
+        }
+
+        original.SlowBufferWrite = SlowBuffer.prototype.write;
+        SlowBuffer.prototype.write = function(string, offset, length, encoding) {
+            // Support both (string, offset, length, encoding)
+            // and the legacy (string, encoding, offset, length)
+            if (isFinite(offset)) {
+                if (!isFinite(length)) {
+                    encoding = length;
+                    length = undefined;
+                }
+            } else {  // legacy
+                var swap = encoding;
+                encoding = offset;
+                offset = length;
+                length = swap;
+            }
+
+            offset = +offset || 0;
+            var remaining = this.length - offset;
+            if (!length) {
+                length = remaining;
+            } else {
+                length = +length;
+                if (length > remaining) {
+                    length = remaining;
+                }
+            }
+            encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase();
+
+            // Use native conversion when possible
+            if (Buffer.isNativeEncoding(encoding))
+                return original.SlowBufferWrite.call(this, string, offset, length, encoding);
+
+            if (string.length > 0 && (length < 0 || offset < 0))
+                throw new RangeError('attempt to write beyond buffer bounds');
+
+            // Otherwise, use our encoding method.
+            var buf = iconv.encode(string, encoding);
+            if (buf.length < length) length = buf.length;
+            buf.copy(this, offset, 0, length);
+            return length;
+        }
+
+        // -- Buffer ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        original.BufferIsEncoding = Buffer.isEncoding;
+        Buffer.isEncoding = function(encoding) {
+            return Buffer.isNativeEncoding(encoding) || iconv.encodingExists(encoding);
+        }
+
+        original.BufferByteLength = Buffer.byteLength;
+        Buffer.byteLength = SlowBuffer.byteLength = function(str, encoding) {
+            encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase();
+
+            // Use native conversion when possible
+            if (Buffer.isNativeEncoding(encoding))
+                return original.BufferByteLength.call(this, str, encoding);
+
+            // Slow, I know, but we don't have a better way yet.
+            return iconv.encode(str, encoding).length;
+        }
+
+        original.BufferToString = Buffer.prototype.toString;
+        Buffer.prototype.toString = function(encoding, start, end) {
+            encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase();
+
+            // Use native conversion when possible
+            if (Buffer.isNativeEncoding(encoding))
+                return original.BufferToString.call(this, encoding, start, end);
+
+            // Otherwise, use our decoding method.
+            if (typeof start == 'undefined') start = 0;
+            if (typeof end == 'undefined') end = this.length;
+            return iconv.decode(this.slice(start, end), encoding);
+        }
+
+        original.BufferWrite = Buffer.prototype.write;
+        Buffer.prototype.write = function(string, offset, length, encoding) {
+            var _offset = offset, _length = length, _encoding = encoding;
+            // Support both (string, offset, length, encoding)
+            // and the legacy (string, encoding, offset, length)
+            if (isFinite(offset)) {
+                if (!isFinite(length)) {
+                    encoding = length;
+                    length = undefined;
+                }
+            } else {  // legacy
+                var swap = encoding;
+                encoding = offset;
+                offset = length;
+                length = swap;
+            }
+
+            encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase();
+
+            // Use native conversion when possible
+            if (Buffer.isNativeEncoding(encoding))
+                return original.BufferWrite.call(this, string, _offset, _length, _encoding);
+
+            offset = +offset || 0;
+            var remaining = this.length - offset;
+            if (!length) {
+                length = remaining;
+            } else {
+                length = +length;
+                if (length > remaining) {
+                    length = remaining;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (string.length > 0 && (length < 0 || offset < 0))
+                throw new RangeError('attempt to write beyond buffer bounds');
+
+            // Otherwise, use our encoding method.
+            var buf = iconv.encode(string, encoding);
+            if (buf.length < length) length = buf.length;
+            buf.copy(this, offset, 0, length);
+            return length;
+
+            // TODO: Set _charsWritten.
+        }
+
+
+        // -- Readable -------------------------------------------------------------
+        if (iconv.supportsStreams) {
+            var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
+
+            original.ReadableSetEncoding = Readable.prototype.setEncoding;
+            Readable.prototype.setEncoding = function setEncoding(enc, options) {
+                // Use our own decoder, it has the same interface.
+                // We cannot use original function as it doesn't handle BOM-s.
+                this._readableState.decoder = iconv.getDecoder(enc, options);
+                this._readableState.encoding = enc;
+            }
+
+            Readable.prototype.collect = iconv._collect;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Remove iconv-lite Node primitive extensions.
+    iconv.undoExtendNodeEncodings = function undoExtendNodeEncodings() {
+        if (!iconv.supportsNodeEncodingsExtension)
+            return;
+        if (!original)
+            throw new Error("require('iconv-lite').undoExtendNodeEncodings(): Nothing to undo; extendNodeEncodings() is not called.")
+
+        delete Buffer.isNativeEncoding;
+
+        var SlowBuffer = require('buffer').SlowBuffer;
+
+        SlowBuffer.prototype.toString = original.SlowBufferToString;
+        SlowBuffer.prototype.write = original.SlowBufferWrite;
+
+        Buffer.isEncoding = original.BufferIsEncoding;
+        Buffer.byteLength = original.BufferByteLength;
+        Buffer.prototype.toString = original.BufferToString;
+        Buffer.prototype.write = original.BufferWrite;
+
+        if (iconv.supportsStreams) {
+            var Readable = require('stream').Readable;
+
+            Readable.prototype.setEncoding = original.ReadableSetEncoding;
+            delete Readable.prototype.collect;
+        }
+
+        original = undefined;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0547eb346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *  Licensed under the MIT License.
+ *  REQUIREMENT: This definition is dependent on the @types/node definition.
+ *  Install with `npm install @types/node --save-dev`
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+declare module 'iconv-lite' {
+	export function decode(buffer: Buffer, encoding: string, options?: Options): string;
+
+	export function encode(content: string, encoding: string, options?: Options): Buffer;
+
+	export function encodingExists(encoding: string): boolean;
+
+	export function decodeStream(encoding: string, options?: Options): NodeJS.ReadWriteStream;
+
+	export function encodeStream(encoding: string, options?: Options): NodeJS.ReadWriteStream;
+}
+
+export interface Options {
+    stripBOM?: boolean;
+    addBOM?: boolean;
+    defaultEncoding?: string;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5391919ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"use strict";
+
+// Some environments don't have global Buffer (e.g. React Native).
+// Solution would be installing npm modules "buffer" and "stream" explicitly.
+var Buffer = require("safer-buffer").Buffer;
+
+var bomHandling = require("./bom-handling"),
+    iconv = module.exports;
+
+// All codecs and aliases are kept here, keyed by encoding name/alias.
+// They are lazy loaded in `iconv.getCodec` from `encodings/index.js`.
+iconv.encodings = null;
+
+// Characters emitted in case of error.
+iconv.defaultCharUnicode = '�';
+iconv.defaultCharSingleByte = '?';
+
+// Public API.
+iconv.encode = function encode(str, encoding, options) {
+    str = "" + (str || ""); // Ensure string.
+
+    var encoder = iconv.getEncoder(encoding, options);
+
+    var res = encoder.write(str);
+    var trail = encoder.end();
+    
+    return (trail && trail.length > 0) ? Buffer.concat([res, trail]) : res;
+}
+
+iconv.decode = function decode(buf, encoding, options) {
+    if (typeof buf === 'string') {
+        if (!iconv.skipDecodeWarning) {
+            console.error('Iconv-lite warning: decode()-ing strings is deprecated. Refer to https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/wiki/Use-Buffers-when-decoding');
+            iconv.skipDecodeWarning = true;
+        }
+
+        buf = Buffer.from("" + (buf || ""), "binary"); // Ensure buffer.
+    }
+
+    var decoder = iconv.getDecoder(encoding, options);
+
+    var res = decoder.write(buf);
+    var trail = decoder.end();
+
+    return trail ? (res + trail) : res;
+}
+
+iconv.encodingExists = function encodingExists(enc) {
+    try {
+        iconv.getCodec(enc);
+        return true;
+    } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// Legacy aliases to convert functions
+iconv.toEncoding = iconv.encode;
+iconv.fromEncoding = iconv.decode;
+
+// Search for a codec in iconv.encodings. Cache codec data in iconv._codecDataCache.
+iconv._codecDataCache = {};
+iconv.getCodec = function getCodec(encoding) {
+    if (!iconv.encodings)
+        iconv.encodings = require("../encodings"); // Lazy load all encoding definitions.
+    
+    // Canonicalize encoding name: strip all non-alphanumeric chars and appended year.
+    var enc = iconv._canonicalizeEncoding(encoding);
+
+    // Traverse iconv.encodings to find actual codec.
+    var codecOptions = {};
+    while (true) {
+        var codec = iconv._codecDataCache[enc];
+        if (codec)
+            return codec;
+
+        var codecDef = iconv.encodings[enc];
+
+        switch (typeof codecDef) {
+            case "string": // Direct alias to other encoding.
+                enc = codecDef;
+                break;
+
+            case "object": // Alias with options. Can be layered.
+                for (var key in codecDef)
+                    codecOptions[key] = codecDef[key];
+
+                if (!codecOptions.encodingName)
+                    codecOptions.encodingName = enc;
+                
+                enc = codecDef.type;
+                break;
+
+            case "function": // Codec itself.
+                if (!codecOptions.encodingName)
+                    codecOptions.encodingName = enc;
+
+                // The codec function must load all tables and return object with .encoder and .decoder methods.
+                // It'll be called only once (for each different options object).
+                codec = new codecDef(codecOptions, iconv);
+
+                iconv._codecDataCache[codecOptions.encodingName] = codec; // Save it to be reused later.
+                return codec;
+
+            default:
+                throw new Error("Encoding not recognized: '" + encoding + "' (searched as: '"+enc+"')");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+iconv._canonicalizeEncoding = function(encoding) {
+    // Canonicalize encoding name: strip all non-alphanumeric chars and appended year.
+    return (''+encoding).toLowerCase().replace(/:\d{4}$|[^0-9a-z]/g, "");
+}
+
+iconv.getEncoder = function getEncoder(encoding, options) {
+    var codec = iconv.getCodec(encoding),
+        encoder = new codec.encoder(options, codec);
+
+    if (codec.bomAware && options && options.addBOM)
+        encoder = new bomHandling.PrependBOM(encoder, options);
+
+    return encoder;
+}
+
+iconv.getDecoder = function getDecoder(encoding, options) {
+    var codec = iconv.getCodec(encoding),
+        decoder = new codec.decoder(options, codec);
+
+    if (codec.bomAware && !(options && options.stripBOM === false))
+        decoder = new bomHandling.StripBOM(decoder, options);
+
+    return decoder;
+}
+
+
+// Load extensions in Node. All of them are omitted in Browserify build via 'browser' field in package.json.
+var nodeVer = typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.versions && process.versions.node;
+if (nodeVer) {
+
+    // Load streaming support in Node v0.10+
+    var nodeVerArr = nodeVer.split(".").map(Number);
+    if (nodeVerArr[0] > 0 || nodeVerArr[1] >= 10) {
+        require("./streams")(iconv);
+    }
+
+    // Load Node primitive extensions.
+    require("./extend-node")(iconv);
+}
+
+if ("Ā" != "\u0100") {
+    console.error("iconv-lite warning: javascript files use encoding different from utf-8. See https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/wiki/Javascript-source-file-encodings for more info.");
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/streams.js b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/streams.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..440955295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/lib/streams.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var Buffer = require("buffer").Buffer,
+    Transform = require("stream").Transform;
+
+
+// == Exports ==================================================================
+module.exports = function(iconv) {
+    
+    // Additional Public API.
+    iconv.encodeStream = function encodeStream(encoding, options) {
+        return new IconvLiteEncoderStream(iconv.getEncoder(encoding, options), options);
+    }
+
+    iconv.decodeStream = function decodeStream(encoding, options) {
+        return new IconvLiteDecoderStream(iconv.getDecoder(encoding, options), options);
+    }
+
+    iconv.supportsStreams = true;
+
+
+    // Not published yet.
+    iconv.IconvLiteEncoderStream = IconvLiteEncoderStream;
+    iconv.IconvLiteDecoderStream = IconvLiteDecoderStream;
+    iconv._collect = IconvLiteDecoderStream.prototype.collect;
+};
+
+
+// == Encoder stream =======================================================
+function IconvLiteEncoderStream(conv, options) {
+    this.conv = conv;
+    options = options || {};
+    options.decodeStrings = false; // We accept only strings, so we don't need to decode them.
+    Transform.call(this, options);
+}
+
+IconvLiteEncoderStream.prototype = Object.create(Transform.prototype, {
+    constructor: { value: IconvLiteEncoderStream }
+});
+
+IconvLiteEncoderStream.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, done) {
+    if (typeof chunk != 'string')
+        return done(new Error("Iconv encoding stream needs strings as its input."));
+    try {
+        var res = this.conv.write(chunk);
+        if (res && res.length) this.push(res);
+        done();
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        done(e);
+    }
+}
+
+IconvLiteEncoderStream.prototype._flush = function(done) {
+    try {
+        var res = this.conv.end();
+        if (res && res.length) this.push(res);
+        done();
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        done(e);
+    }
+}
+
+IconvLiteEncoderStream.prototype.collect = function(cb) {
+    var chunks = [];
+    this.on('error', cb);
+    this.on('data', function(chunk) { chunks.push(chunk); });
+    this.on('end', function() {
+        cb(null, Buffer.concat(chunks));
+    });
+    return this;
+}
+
+
+// == Decoder stream =======================================================
+function IconvLiteDecoderStream(conv, options) {
+    this.conv = conv;
+    options = options || {};
+    options.encoding = this.encoding = 'utf8'; // We output strings.
+    Transform.call(this, options);
+}
+
+IconvLiteDecoderStream.prototype = Object.create(Transform.prototype, {
+    constructor: { value: IconvLiteDecoderStream }
+});
+
+IconvLiteDecoderStream.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, done) {
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(chunk))
+        return done(new Error("Iconv decoding stream needs buffers as its input."));
+    try {
+        var res = this.conv.write(chunk);
+        if (res && res.length) this.push(res, this.encoding);
+        done();
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        done(e);
+    }
+}
+
+IconvLiteDecoderStream.prototype._flush = function(done) {
+    try {
+        var res = this.conv.end();
+        if (res && res.length) this.push(res, this.encoding);                
+        done();
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        done(e);
+    }
+}
+
+IconvLiteDecoderStream.prototype.collect = function(cb) {
+    var res = '';
+    this.on('error', cb);
+    this.on('data', function(chunk) { res += chunk; });
+    this.on('end', function() {
+        cb(null, res);
+    });
+    return this;
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/package.json b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c75dffc85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/iconv-lite/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "_from": "iconv-lite@0.4.24",
+  "_id": "iconv-lite@0.4.24",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-v3MXnZAcvnywkTUEZomIActle7RXXeedOR31wwl7VlyoXO4Qi9arvSenNQWne1TcRwhCL1HwLI21bEqdpj8/rA==",
+  "_location": "/iconv-lite",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "iconv-lite@0.4.24",
+    "name": "iconv-lite",
+    "escapedName": "iconv-lite",
+    "rawSpec": "0.4.24",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.4.24"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/raw-body"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.4.24.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2022b4b25fbddc21d2f524974a474aafe733908b",
+  "_spec": "iconv-lite@0.4.24",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\body-parser",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Alexander Shtuchkin",
+    "email": "ashtuchkin@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "browser": {
+    "./lib/extend-node": false,
+    "./lib/streams": false
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Convert character encodings in pure javascript.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "async": "*",
+    "errto": "*",
+    "iconv": "*",
+    "istanbul": "*",
+    "mocha": "^3.1.0",
+    "request": "~2.87.0",
+    "semver": "*",
+    "unorm": "*"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite",
+  "keywords": [
+    "iconv",
+    "convert",
+    "charset",
+    "icu"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./lib/index.js",
+  "name": "iconv-lite",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/ashtuchkin/iconv-lite.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "istanbul cover _mocha -- --grep .",
+    "coverage-open": "open coverage/lcov-report/index.html",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --grep ."
+  },
+  "typings": "./lib/index.d.ts",
+  "version": "0.4.24"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inflight/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/inflight/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05eeeb88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inflight/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inflight/README.md b/backend/node_modules/inflight/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dc892917
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inflight/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# inflight
+
+Add callbacks to requests in flight to avoid async duplication
+
+## USAGE
+
+```javascript
+var inflight = require('inflight')
+
+// some request that does some stuff
+function req(key, callback) {
+  // key is any random string.  like a url or filename or whatever.
+  //
+  // will return either a falsey value, indicating that the
+  // request for this key is already in flight, or a new callback
+  // which when called will call all callbacks passed to inflightk
+  // with the same key
+  callback = inflight(key, callback)
+
+  // If we got a falsey value back, then there's already a req going
+  if (!callback) return
+
+  // this is where you'd fetch the url or whatever
+  // callback is also once()-ified, so it can safely be assigned
+  // to multiple events etc.  First call wins.
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    callback(null, key)
+  }, 100)
+}
+
+// only assigns a single setTimeout
+// when it dings, all cbs get called
+req('foo', cb1)
+req('foo', cb2)
+req('foo', cb3)
+req('foo', cb4)
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inflight/inflight.js b/backend/node_modules/inflight/inflight.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48202b3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inflight/inflight.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+var wrappy = require('wrappy')
+var reqs = Object.create(null)
+var once = require('once')
+
+module.exports = wrappy(inflight)
+
+function inflight (key, cb) {
+  if (reqs[key]) {
+    reqs[key].push(cb)
+    return null
+  } else {
+    reqs[key] = [cb]
+    return makeres(key)
+  }
+}
+
+function makeres (key) {
+  return once(function RES () {
+    var cbs = reqs[key]
+    var len = cbs.length
+    var args = slice(arguments)
+
+    // XXX It's somewhat ambiguous whether a new callback added in this
+    // pass should be queued for later execution if something in the
+    // list of callbacks throws, or if it should just be discarded.
+    // However, it's such an edge case that it hardly matters, and either
+    // choice is likely as surprising as the other.
+    // As it happens, we do go ahead and schedule it for later execution.
+    try {
+      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        cbs[i].apply(null, args)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (cbs.length > len) {
+        // added more in the interim.
+        // de-zalgo, just in case, but don't call again.
+        cbs.splice(0, len)
+        process.nextTick(function () {
+          RES.apply(null, args)
+        })
+      } else {
+        delete reqs[key]
+      }
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+function slice (args) {
+  var length = args.length
+  var array = []
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) array[i] = args[i]
+  return array
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inflight/package.json b/backend/node_modules/inflight/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fdf899c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inflight/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "_from": "inflight@^1.0.4",
+  "_id": "inflight@1.0.6",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-Sb1jMdfQLQwJvJEKEHW6gWW1bfk=",
+  "_location": "/inflight",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "inflight@^1.0.4",
+    "name": "inflight",
+    "escapedName": "inflight",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/glob"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/inflight/-/inflight-1.0.6.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "49bd6331d7d02d0c09bc910a1075ba8165b56df9",
+  "_spec": "inflight@^1.0.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\glob",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/inflight/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "once": "^1.3.0",
+    "wrappy": "1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Add callbacks to requests in flight to avoid async duplication",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^7.1.2"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "inflight.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/inflight",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "inflight.js",
+  "name": "inflight",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/inflight.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test.js --100"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.6"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inherits/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/inherits/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dea3013d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inherits/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inherits/README.md b/backend/node_modules/inherits/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1c566585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inherits/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Browser-friendly inheritance fully compatible with standard node.js
+[inherits](http://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inherits_constructor_superconstructor).
+
+This package exports standard `inherits` from node.js `util` module in
+node environment, but also provides alternative browser-friendly
+implementation through [browser
+field](https://gist.github.com/shtylman/4339901). Alternative
+implementation is a literal copy of standard one located in standalone
+module to avoid requiring of `util`. It also has a shim for old
+browsers with no `Object.create` support.
+
+While keeping you sure you are using standard `inherits`
+implementation in node.js environment, it allows bundlers such as
+[browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify) to not
+include full `util` package to your client code if all you need is
+just `inherits` function. It worth, because browser shim for `util`
+package is large and `inherits` is often the single function you need
+from it.
+
+It's recommended to use this package instead of
+`require('util').inherits` for any code that has chances to be used
+not only in node.js but in browser too.
+
+## usage
+
+```js
+var inherits = require('inherits');
+// then use exactly as the standard one
+```
+
+## note on version ~1.0
+
+Version ~1.0 had completely different motivation and is not compatible
+neither with 2.0 nor with standard node.js `inherits`.
+
+If you are using version ~1.0 and planning to switch to ~2.0, be
+careful:
+
+* new version uses `super_` instead of `super` for referencing
+  superclass
+* new version overwrites current prototype while old one preserves any
+  existing fields on it
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inherits/inherits.js b/backend/node_modules/inherits/inherits.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b94763a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inherits/inherits.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+try {
+  var util = require('util');
+  if (typeof util.inherits !== 'function') throw '';
+  module.exports = util.inherits;
+} catch (e) {
+  module.exports = require('./inherits_browser.js');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inherits/inherits_browser.js b/backend/node_modules/inherits/inherits_browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1e78a75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inherits/inherits_browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+if (typeof Object.create === 'function') {
+  // implementation from standard node.js 'util' module
+  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
+    ctor.super_ = superCtor
+    ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, {
+      constructor: {
+        value: ctor,
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: true,
+        configurable: true
+      }
+    });
+  };
+} else {
+  // old school shim for old browsers
+  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
+    ctor.super_ = superCtor
+    var TempCtor = function () {}
+    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype
+    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor()
+    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/inherits/package.json b/backend/node_modules/inherits/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dff8af46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/inherits/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "_from": "inherits@2.0.3",
+  "_id": "inherits@2.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-Yzwsg+PaQqUC9SRmAiSA9CCCYd4=",
+  "_location": "/inherits",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "inherits@2.0.3",
+    "name": "inherits",
+    "escapedName": "inherits",
+    "rawSpec": "2.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/http-errors"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/inherits/-/inherits-2.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "633c2c83e3da42a502f52466022480f4208261de",
+  "_spec": "inherits@2.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\http-errors",
+  "browser": "./inherits_browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/inherits/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Browser-friendly inheritance fully compatible with standard node.js inherits()",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^7.1.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "inherits.js",
+    "inherits_browser.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/inherits#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "inheritance",
+    "class",
+    "klass",
+    "oop",
+    "object-oriented",
+    "inherits",
+    "browser",
+    "browserify"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "./inherits.js",
+  "name": "inherits",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/inherits.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test"
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6b37b52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (C) 2011-2017 whitequark <whitequark@whitequark.org>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/README.md b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f57725b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# ipaddr.js — an IPv6 and IPv4 address manipulation library [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/whitequark/ipaddr.js.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/whitequark/ipaddr.js)
+
+ipaddr.js is a small (1.9K minified and gzipped) library for manipulating
+IP addresses in JavaScript environments. It runs on both CommonJS runtimes
+(e.g. [nodejs]) and in a web browser.
+
+ipaddr.js allows you to verify and parse string representation of an IP
+address, match it against a CIDR range or range list, determine if it falls
+into some reserved ranges (examples include loopback and private ranges),
+and convert between IPv4 and IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
+
+[nodejs]: http://nodejs.org
+
+## Installation
+
+`npm install ipaddr.js`
+
+or
+
+`bower install ipaddr.js`
+
+## API
+
+ipaddr.js defines one object in the global scope: `ipaddr`. In CommonJS,
+it is exported from the module:
+
+```js
+var ipaddr = require('ipaddr.js');
+```
+
+The API consists of several global methods and two classes: ipaddr.IPv6 and ipaddr.IPv4.
+
+### Global methods
+
+There are three global methods defined: `ipaddr.isValid`, `ipaddr.parse` and
+`ipaddr.process`. All of them receive a string as a single parameter.
+
+The `ipaddr.isValid` method returns `true` if the address is a valid IPv4 or
+IPv6 address, and `false` otherwise. It does not throw any exceptions.
+
+The `ipaddr.parse` method returns an object representing the IP address,
+or throws an `Error` if the passed string is not a valid representation of an
+IP address.
+
+The `ipaddr.process` method works just like the `ipaddr.parse` one, but it
+automatically converts IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses to their IPv4 counterparts
+before returning. It is useful when you have a Node.js instance listening
+on an IPv6 socket, and the `net.ivp6.bindv6only` sysctl parameter (or its
+equivalent on non-Linux OS) is set to 0. In this case, you can accept IPv4
+connections on your IPv6-only socket, but the remote address will be mangled.
+Use `ipaddr.process` method to automatically demangle it.
+
+### Object representation
+
+Parsing methods return an object which descends from `ipaddr.IPv6` or
+`ipaddr.IPv4`. These objects share some properties, but most of them differ.
+
+#### Shared properties
+
+One can determine the type of address by calling `addr.kind()`. It will return
+either `"ipv6"` or `"ipv4"`.
+
+An address can be converted back to its string representation with `addr.toString()`.
+Note that this method:
+ * does not return the original string used to create the object (in fact, there is
+   no way of getting that string)
+ * returns a compact representation (when it is applicable)
+
+A `match(range, bits)` method can be used to check if the address falls into a
+certain CIDR range.
+Note that an address can be (obviously) matched only against an address of the same type.
+
+For example:
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8:1234::1");
+var range = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8::");
+
+addr.match(range, 32); // => true
+```
+
+Alternatively, `match` can also be called as `match([range, bits])`. In this way,
+it can be used together with the `parseCIDR(string)` method, which parses an IP
+address together with a CIDR range.
+
+For example:
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8:1234::1");
+
+addr.match(ipaddr.parseCIDR("2001:db8::/32")); // => true
+```
+
+A `range()` method returns one of predefined names for several special ranges defined
+by IP protocols. The exact names (and their respective CIDR ranges) can be looked up
+in the source: [IPv6 ranges] and [IPv4 ranges]. Some common ones include `"unicast"`
+(the default one) and `"reserved"`.
+
+You can match against your own range list by using
+`ipaddr.subnetMatch(address, rangeList, defaultName)` method. It can work with a mix of IPv6 or IPv4 addresses, and accepts a name-to-subnet map as the range list. For example:
+
+```js
+var rangeList = {
+  documentationOnly: [ ipaddr.parse('2001:db8::'), 32 ],
+  tunnelProviders: [
+    [ ipaddr.parse('2001:470::'), 32 ], // he.net
+    [ ipaddr.parse('2001:5c0::'), 32 ]  // freenet6
+  ]
+};
+ipaddr.subnetMatch(ipaddr.parse('2001:470:8:66::1'), rangeList, 'unknown'); // => "tunnelProviders"
+```
+
+The addresses can be converted to their byte representation with `toByteArray()`.
+(Actually, JavaScript mostly does not know about byte buffers. They are emulated with
+arrays of numbers, each in range of 0..255.)
+
+```js
+var bytes = ipaddr.parse('2a00:1450:8007::68').toByteArray(); // ipv6.google.com
+bytes // => [42, 0x00, 0x14, 0x50, 0x80, 0x07, 0x00, <zeroes...>, 0x00, 0x68 ]
+```
+
+The `ipaddr.IPv4` and `ipaddr.IPv6` objects have some methods defined, too. All of them
+have the same interface for both protocols, and are similar to global methods.
+
+`ipaddr.IPvX.isValid(string)` can be used to check if the string is a valid address
+for particular protocol, and `ipaddr.IPvX.parse(string)` is the error-throwing parser.
+
+`ipaddr.IPvX.isValid(string)` uses the same format for parsing as the POSIX `inet_ntoa` function, which accepts unusual formats like `0xc0.168.1.1` or `0x10000000`. The function `ipaddr.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal(string)` validates the IPv4 address and also ensures that it is written in four-part decimal format.
+
+[IPv6 ranges]: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/src/ipaddr.coffee#L186
+[IPv4 ranges]: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/src/ipaddr.coffee#L71
+
+#### IPv6 properties
+
+Sometimes you will want to convert IPv6 not to a compact string representation (with
+the `::` substitution); the `toNormalizedString()` method will return an address where
+all zeroes are explicit.
+
+For example:
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:0db8::0001");
+addr.toString(); // => "2001:db8::1"
+addr.toNormalizedString(); // => "2001:db8:0:0:0:0:0:1"
+```
+
+The `isIPv4MappedAddress()` method will return `true` if this address is an IPv4-mapped
+one, and `toIPv4Address()` will return an IPv4 object address.
+
+To access the underlying binary representation of the address, use `addr.parts`.
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8:10::1234:DEAD");
+addr.parts // => [0x2001, 0xdb8, 0x10, 0, 0, 0, 0x1234, 0xdead]
+```
+
+A IPv6 zone index can be accessed via `addr.zoneId`:
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8::%eth0");
+addr.zoneId // => 'eth0'
+```
+
+#### IPv4 properties
+
+`toIPv4MappedAddress()` will return a corresponding IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
+
+To access the underlying representation of the address, use `addr.octets`.
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("192.168.1.1");
+addr.octets // => [192, 168, 1, 1]
+```
+
+`prefixLengthFromSubnetMask()` will return a CIDR prefix length for a valid IPv4 netmask or
+null if the netmask is not valid.
+
+```js
+ipaddr.IPv4.parse('255.255.255.240').prefixLengthFromSubnetMask() == 28
+ipaddr.IPv4.parse('255.192.164.0').prefixLengthFromSubnetMask()  == null
+```
+
+`subnetMaskFromPrefixLength()` will return an IPv4 netmask for a valid CIDR prefix length.
+
+```js
+ipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(24) == "255.255.255.0"
+ipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(29) == "255.255.255.248"
+```
+
+`broadcastAddressFromCIDR()` will return the broadcast address for a given IPv4 interface and netmask in CIDR notation.
+```js
+ipaddr.IPv4.broadcastAddressFromCIDR("172.0.0.1/24") == "172.0.0.255"
+```
+`networkAddressFromCIDR()` will return the network address for a given IPv4 interface and netmask in CIDR notation.
+```js
+ipaddr.IPv4.networkAddressFromCIDR("172.0.0.1/24") == "172.0.0.0"
+```
+
+#### Conversion
+
+IPv4 and IPv6 can be converted bidirectionally to and from network byte order (MSB) byte arrays.
+
+The `fromByteArray()` method will take an array and create an appropriate IPv4 or IPv6 object
+if the input satisfies the requirements. For IPv4 it has to be an array of four 8-bit values,
+while for IPv6 it has to be an array of sixteen 8-bit values.
+
+For example:
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.fromByteArray([0x7f, 0, 0, 1]);
+addr.toString(); // => "127.0.0.1"
+```
+
+or
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.fromByteArray([0x20, 1, 0xd, 0xb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
+addr.toString(); // => "2001:db8::1"
+```
+
+Both objects also offer a `toByteArray()` method, which returns an array in network byte order (MSB).
+
+For example:
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("127.0.0.1");
+addr.toByteArray(); // => [0x7f, 0, 0, 1]
+```
+
+or
+
+```js
+var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8::1");
+addr.toByteArray(); // => [0x20, 1, 0xd, 0xb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/ipaddr.min.js b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/ipaddr.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b54a7cc42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/ipaddr.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(function(){var r,t,n,e,i,o,a,s;t={},s=this,"undefined"!=typeof module&&null!==module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:s.ipaddr=t,a=function(r,t,n,e){var i,o;if(r.length!==t.length)throw new Error("ipaddr: cannot match CIDR for objects with different lengths");for(i=0;e>0;){if((o=n-e)<0&&(o=0),r[i]>>o!=t[i]>>o)return!1;e-=n,i+=1}return!0},t.subnetMatch=function(r,t,n){var e,i,o,a,s;null==n&&(n="unicast");for(o in t)for(!(a=t[o])[0]||a[0]instanceof Array||(a=[a]),e=0,i=a.length;e<i;e++)if(s=a[e],r.kind()===s[0].kind()&&r.match.apply(r,s))return o;return n},t.IPv4=function(){function r(r){var t,n,e;if(4!==r.length)throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv4 octet count should be 4");for(t=0,n=r.length;t<n;t++)if(!(0<=(e=r[t])&&e<=255))throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv4 octet should fit in 8 bits");this.octets=r}return r.prototype.kind=function(){return"ipv4"},r.prototype.toString=function(){return this.octets.join(".")},r.prototype.toNormalizedString=function(){return this.toString()},r.prototype.toByteArray=function(){return this.octets.slice(0)},r.prototype.match=function(r,t){var n;if(void 0===t&&(r=(n=r)[0],t=n[1]),"ipv4"!==r.kind())throw new Error("ipaddr: cannot match ipv4 address with non-ipv4 one");return a(this.octets,r.octets,8,t)},r.prototype.SpecialRanges={unspecified:[[new r([0,0,0,0]),8]],broadcast:[[new r([255,255,255,255]),32]],multicast:[[new r([224,0,0,0]),4]],linkLocal:[[new r([169,254,0,0]),16]],loopback:[[new r([127,0,0,0]),8]],carrierGradeNat:[[new r([100,64,0,0]),10]],private:[[new r([10,0,0,0]),8],[new r([172,16,0,0]),12],[new r([192,168,0,0]),16]],reserved:[[new r([192,0,0,0]),24],[new r([192,0,2,0]),24],[new r([192,88,99,0]),24],[new r([198,51,100,0]),24],[new r([203,0,113,0]),24],[new r([240,0,0,0]),4]]},r.prototype.range=function(){return t.subnetMatch(this,this.SpecialRanges)},r.prototype.toIPv4MappedAddress=function(){return t.IPv6.parse("::ffff:"+this.toString())},r.prototype.prefixLengthFromSubnetMask=function(){var r,t,n,e,i,o,a;for(a={0:8,128:7,192:6,224:5,240:4,248:3,252:2,254:1,255:0},r=0,i=!1,t=n=3;n>=0;t=n+=-1){if(!((e=this.octets[t])in a))return null;if(o=a[e],i&&0!==o)return null;8!==o&&(i=!0),r+=o}return 32-r},r}(),n="(0?\\d+|0x[a-f0-9]+)",e={fourOctet:new RegExp("^"+n+"\\."+n+"\\."+n+"\\."+n+"$","i"),longValue:new RegExp("^"+n+"$","i")},t.IPv4.parser=function(r){var t,n,i,o,a;if(n=function(r){return"0"===r[0]&&"x"!==r[1]?parseInt(r,8):parseInt(r)},t=r.match(e.fourOctet))return function(){var r,e,o,a;for(a=[],r=0,e=(o=t.slice(1,6)).length;r<e;r++)i=o[r],a.push(n(i));return a}();if(t=r.match(e.longValue)){if((a=n(t[1]))>4294967295||a<0)throw new Error("ipaddr: address outside defined range");return function(){var r,t;for(t=[],o=r=0;r<=24;o=r+=8)t.push(a>>o&255);return t}().reverse()}return null},t.IPv6=function(){function r(r,t){var n,e,i,o,a,s;if(16===r.length)for(this.parts=[],n=e=0;e<=14;n=e+=2)this.parts.push(r[n]<<8|r[n+1]);else{if(8!==r.length)throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv6 part count should be 8 or 16");this.parts=r}for(i=0,o=(s=this.parts).length;i<o;i++)if(!(0<=(a=s[i])&&a<=65535))throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv6 part should fit in 16 bits");t&&(this.zoneId=t)}return r.prototype.kind=function(){return"ipv6"},r.prototype.toString=function(){return this.toNormalizedString().replace(/((^|:)(0(:|$))+)/,"::")},r.prototype.toRFC5952String=function(){var r,t,n,e,i;for(e=/((^|:)(0(:|$)){2,})/g,i=this.toNormalizedString(),r=0,t=-1;n=e.exec(i);)n[0].length>t&&(r=n.index,t=n[0].length);return t<0?i:i.substring(0,r)+"::"+i.substring(r+t)},r.prototype.toByteArray=function(){var r,t,n,e,i;for(r=[],t=0,n=(i=this.parts).length;t<n;t++)e=i[t],r.push(e>>8),r.push(255&e);return r},r.prototype.toNormalizedString=function(){var r,t,n;return r=function(){var r,n,e,i;for(i=[],r=0,n=(e=this.parts).length;r<n;r++)t=e[r],i.push(t.toString(16));return i}.call(this).join(":"),n="",this.zoneId&&(n="%"+this.zoneId),r+n},r.prototype.toFixedLengthString=function(){var r,t,n;return r=function(){var r,n,e,i;for(i=[],r=0,n=(e=this.parts).length;r<n;r++)t=e[r],i.push(t.toString(16).padStart(4,"0"));return i}.call(this).join(":"),n="",this.zoneId&&(n="%"+this.zoneId),r+n},r.prototype.match=function(r,t){var n;if(void 0===t&&(r=(n=r)[0],t=n[1]),"ipv6"!==r.kind())throw new Error("ipaddr: cannot match ipv6 address with non-ipv6 one");return a(this.parts,r.parts,16,t)},r.prototype.SpecialRanges={unspecified:[new r([0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),128],linkLocal:[new r([65152,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),10],multicast:[new r([65280,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),8],loopback:[new r([0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]),128],uniqueLocal:[new r([64512,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),7],ipv4Mapped:[new r([0,0,0,0,0,65535,0,0]),96],rfc6145:[new r([0,0,0,0,65535,0,0,0]),96],rfc6052:[new r([100,65435,0,0,0,0,0,0]),96],"6to4":[new r([8194,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),16],teredo:[new r([8193,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),32],reserved:[[new r([8193,3512,0,0,0,0,0,0]),32]]},r.prototype.range=function(){return t.subnetMatch(this,this.SpecialRanges)},r.prototype.isIPv4MappedAddress=function(){return"ipv4Mapped"===this.range()},r.prototype.toIPv4Address=function(){var r,n,e;if(!this.isIPv4MappedAddress())throw new Error("ipaddr: trying to convert a generic ipv6 address to ipv4");return e=this.parts.slice(-2),r=e[0],n=e[1],new t.IPv4([r>>8,255&r,n>>8,255&n])},r.prototype.prefixLengthFromSubnetMask=function(){var r,t,n,e,i,o,a;for(a={0:16,32768:15,49152:14,57344:13,61440:12,63488:11,64512:10,65024:9,65280:8,65408:7,65472:6,65504:5,65520:4,65528:3,65532:2,65534:1,65535:0},r=0,i=!1,t=n=7;n>=0;t=n+=-1){if(!((e=this.parts[t])in a))return null;if(o=a[e],i&&0!==o)return null;16!==o&&(i=!0),r+=o}return 128-r},r}(),i="(?:[0-9a-f]+::?)+",o={zoneIndex:new RegExp("%[0-9a-z]{1,}","i"),native:new RegExp("^(::)?("+i+")?([0-9a-f]+)?(::)?(%[0-9a-z]{1,})?$","i"),transitional:new RegExp("^((?:"+i+")|(?:::)(?:"+i+")?)"+n+"\\."+n+"\\."+n+"\\."+n+"(%[0-9a-z]{1,})?$","i")},r=function(r,t){var n,e,i,a,s,p;if(r.indexOf("::")!==r.lastIndexOf("::"))return null;for((p=(r.match(o.zoneIndex)||[])[0])&&(p=p.substring(1),r=r.replace(/%.+$/,"")),n=0,e=-1;(e=r.indexOf(":",e+1))>=0;)n++;if("::"===r.substr(0,2)&&n--,"::"===r.substr(-2,2)&&n--,n>t)return null;for(s=t-n,a=":";s--;)a+="0:";return":"===(r=r.replace("::",a))[0]&&(r=r.slice(1)),":"===r[r.length-1]&&(r=r.slice(0,-1)),t=function(){var t,n,e,o;for(o=[],t=0,n=(e=r.split(":")).length;t<n;t++)i=e[t],o.push(parseInt(i,16));return o}(),{parts:t,zoneId:p}},t.IPv6.parser=function(t){var n,e,i,a,s,p,u;if(o.native.test(t))return r(t,8);if((a=t.match(o.transitional))&&(u=a[6]||"",(n=r(a[1].slice(0,-1)+u,6)).parts)){for(e=0,i=(p=[parseInt(a[2]),parseInt(a[3]),parseInt(a[4]),parseInt(a[5])]).length;e<i;e++)if(!(0<=(s=p[e])&&s<=255))return null;return n.parts.push(p[0]<<8|p[1]),n.parts.push(p[2]<<8|p[3]),{parts:n.parts,zoneId:n.zoneId}}return null},t.IPv4.isIPv4=t.IPv6.isIPv6=function(r){return null!==this.parser(r)},t.IPv4.isValid=function(r){try{return new this(this.parser(r)),!0}catch(r){return r,!1}},t.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal=function(r){return!(!t.IPv4.isValid(r)||!r.match(/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(\.(0|[1-9]\d*)){3}$/))},t.IPv6.isValid=function(r){var t;if("string"==typeof r&&-1===r.indexOf(":"))return!1;try{return t=this.parser(r),new this(t.parts,t.zoneId),!0}catch(r){return r,!1}},t.IPv4.parse=function(r){var t;if(null===(t=this.parser(r)))throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like ip address");return new this(t)},t.IPv6.parse=function(r){var t;if(null===(t=this.parser(r)).parts)throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like ip address");return new this(t.parts,t.zoneId)},t.IPv4.parseCIDR=function(r){var t,n,e;if((n=r.match(/^(.+)\/(\d+)$/))&&(t=parseInt(n[2]))>=0&&t<=32)return e=[this.parse(n[1]),t],Object.defineProperty(e,"toString",{value:function(){return this.join("/")}}),e;throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like an IPv4 CIDR range")},t.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength=function(r){var t,n,e;if((r=parseInt(r))<0||r>32)throw new Error("ipaddr: invalid IPv4 prefix length");for(e=[0,0,0,0],n=0,t=Math.floor(r/8);n<t;)e[n]=255,n++;return t<4&&(e[t]=Math.pow(2,r%8)-1<<8-r%8),new this(e)},t.IPv4.broadcastAddressFromCIDR=function(r){var t,n,e,i,o;try{for(e=(t=this.parseCIDR(r))[0].toByteArray(),o=this.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(t[1]).toByteArray(),i=[],n=0;n<4;)i.push(parseInt(e[n],10)|255^parseInt(o[n],10)),n++;return new this(i)}catch(r){throw r,new Error("ipaddr: the address does not have IPv4 CIDR format")}},t.IPv4.networkAddressFromCIDR=function(r){var t,n,e,i,o;try{for(e=(t=this.parseCIDR(r))[0].toByteArray(),o=this.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(t[1]).toByteArray(),i=[],n=0;n<4;)i.push(parseInt(e[n],10)&parseInt(o[n],10)),n++;return new this(i)}catch(r){throw r,new Error("ipaddr: the address does not have IPv4 CIDR format")}},t.IPv6.parseCIDR=function(r){var t,n,e;if((n=r.match(/^(.+)\/(\d+)$/))&&(t=parseInt(n[2]))>=0&&t<=128)return e=[this.parse(n[1]),t],Object.defineProperty(e,"toString",{value:function(){return this.join("/")}}),e;throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like an IPv6 CIDR range")},t.isValid=function(r){return t.IPv6.isValid(r)||t.IPv4.isValid(r)},t.parse=function(r){if(t.IPv6.isValid(r))return t.IPv6.parse(r);if(t.IPv4.isValid(r))return t.IPv4.parse(r);throw new Error("ipaddr: the address has neither IPv6 nor IPv4 format")},t.parseCIDR=function(r){try{return t.IPv6.parseCIDR(r)}catch(n){n;try{return t.IPv4.parseCIDR(r)}catch(r){throw r,new Error("ipaddr: the address has neither IPv6 nor IPv4 CIDR format")}}},t.fromByteArray=function(r){var n;if(4===(n=r.length))return new t.IPv4(r);if(16===n)return new t.IPv6(r);throw new Error("ipaddr: the binary input is neither an IPv6 nor IPv4 address")},t.process=function(r){var t;return t=this.parse(r),"ipv6"===t.kind()&&t.isIPv4MappedAddress()?t.toIPv4Address():t}}).call(this);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/lib/ipaddr.js b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/lib/ipaddr.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18bd93b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/lib/ipaddr.js
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+(function() {
+  var expandIPv6, ipaddr, ipv4Part, ipv4Regexes, ipv6Part, ipv6Regexes, matchCIDR, root, zoneIndex;
+
+  ipaddr = {};
+
+  root = this;
+
+  if ((typeof module !== "undefined" && module !== null) && module.exports) {
+    module.exports = ipaddr;
+  } else {
+    root['ipaddr'] = ipaddr;
+  }
+
+  matchCIDR = function(first, second, partSize, cidrBits) {
+    var part, shift;
+    if (first.length !== second.length) {
+      throw new Error("ipaddr: cannot match CIDR for objects with different lengths");
+    }
+    part = 0;
+    while (cidrBits > 0) {
+      shift = partSize - cidrBits;
+      if (shift < 0) {
+        shift = 0;
+      }
+      if (first[part] >> shift !== second[part] >> shift) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      cidrBits -= partSize;
+      part += 1;
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.subnetMatch = function(address, rangeList, defaultName) {
+    var k, len, rangeName, rangeSubnets, subnet;
+    if (defaultName == null) {
+      defaultName = 'unicast';
+    }
+    for (rangeName in rangeList) {
+      rangeSubnets = rangeList[rangeName];
+      if (rangeSubnets[0] && !(rangeSubnets[0] instanceof Array)) {
+        rangeSubnets = [rangeSubnets];
+      }
+      for (k = 0, len = rangeSubnets.length; k < len; k++) {
+        subnet = rangeSubnets[k];
+        if (address.kind() === subnet[0].kind()) {
+          if (address.match.apply(address, subnet)) {
+            return rangeName;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return defaultName;
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4 = (function() {
+    function IPv4(octets) {
+      var k, len, octet;
+      if (octets.length !== 4) {
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv4 octet count should be 4");
+      }
+      for (k = 0, len = octets.length; k < len; k++) {
+        octet = octets[k];
+        if (!((0 <= octet && octet <= 255))) {
+          throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv4 octet should fit in 8 bits");
+        }
+      }
+      this.octets = octets;
+    }
+
+    IPv4.prototype.kind = function() {
+      return 'ipv4';
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.toString = function() {
+      return this.octets.join(".");
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.toNormalizedString = function() {
+      return this.toString();
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.toByteArray = function() {
+      return this.octets.slice(0);
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.match = function(other, cidrRange) {
+      var ref;
+      if (cidrRange === void 0) {
+        ref = other, other = ref[0], cidrRange = ref[1];
+      }
+      if (other.kind() !== 'ipv4') {
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: cannot match ipv4 address with non-ipv4 one");
+      }
+      return matchCIDR(this.octets, other.octets, 8, cidrRange);
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.SpecialRanges = {
+      unspecified: [[new IPv4([0, 0, 0, 0]), 8]],
+      broadcast: [[new IPv4([255, 255, 255, 255]), 32]],
+      multicast: [[new IPv4([224, 0, 0, 0]), 4]],
+      linkLocal: [[new IPv4([169, 254, 0, 0]), 16]],
+      loopback: [[new IPv4([127, 0, 0, 0]), 8]],
+      carrierGradeNat: [[new IPv4([100, 64, 0, 0]), 10]],
+      "private": [[new IPv4([10, 0, 0, 0]), 8], [new IPv4([172, 16, 0, 0]), 12], [new IPv4([192, 168, 0, 0]), 16]],
+      reserved: [[new IPv4([192, 0, 0, 0]), 24], [new IPv4([192, 0, 2, 0]), 24], [new IPv4([192, 88, 99, 0]), 24], [new IPv4([198, 51, 100, 0]), 24], [new IPv4([203, 0, 113, 0]), 24], [new IPv4([240, 0, 0, 0]), 4]]
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.range = function() {
+      return ipaddr.subnetMatch(this, this.SpecialRanges);
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.toIPv4MappedAddress = function() {
+      return ipaddr.IPv6.parse("::ffff:" + (this.toString()));
+    };
+
+    IPv4.prototype.prefixLengthFromSubnetMask = function() {
+      var cidr, i, k, octet, stop, zeros, zerotable;
+      zerotable = {
+        0: 8,
+        128: 7,
+        192: 6,
+        224: 5,
+        240: 4,
+        248: 3,
+        252: 2,
+        254: 1,
+        255: 0
+      };
+      cidr = 0;
+      stop = false;
+      for (i = k = 3; k >= 0; i = k += -1) {
+        octet = this.octets[i];
+        if (octet in zerotable) {
+          zeros = zerotable[octet];
+          if (stop && zeros !== 0) {
+            return null;
+          }
+          if (zeros !== 8) {
+            stop = true;
+          }
+          cidr += zeros;
+        } else {
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+      return 32 - cidr;
+    };
+
+    return IPv4;
+
+  })();
+
+  ipv4Part = "(0?\\d+|0x[a-f0-9]+)";
+
+  ipv4Regexes = {
+    fourOctet: new RegExp("^" + ipv4Part + "\\." + ipv4Part + "\\." + ipv4Part + "\\." + ipv4Part + "$", 'i'),
+    longValue: new RegExp("^" + ipv4Part + "$", 'i')
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.parser = function(string) {
+    var match, parseIntAuto, part, shift, value;
+    parseIntAuto = function(string) {
+      if (string[0] === "0" && string[1] !== "x") {
+        return parseInt(string, 8);
+      } else {
+        return parseInt(string);
+      }
+    };
+    if (match = string.match(ipv4Regexes.fourOctet)) {
+      return (function() {
+        var k, len, ref, results;
+        ref = match.slice(1, 6);
+        results = [];
+        for (k = 0, len = ref.length; k < len; k++) {
+          part = ref[k];
+          results.push(parseIntAuto(part));
+        }
+        return results;
+      })();
+    } else if (match = string.match(ipv4Regexes.longValue)) {
+      value = parseIntAuto(match[1]);
+      if (value > 0xffffffff || value < 0) {
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: address outside defined range");
+      }
+      return ((function() {
+        var k, results;
+        results = [];
+        for (shift = k = 0; k <= 24; shift = k += 8) {
+          results.push((value >> shift) & 0xff);
+        }
+        return results;
+      })()).reverse();
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv6 = (function() {
+    function IPv6(parts, zoneId) {
+      var i, k, l, len, part, ref;
+      if (parts.length === 16) {
+        this.parts = [];
+        for (i = k = 0; k <= 14; i = k += 2) {
+          this.parts.push((parts[i] << 8) | parts[i + 1]);
+        }
+      } else if (parts.length === 8) {
+        this.parts = parts;
+      } else {
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv6 part count should be 8 or 16");
+      }
+      ref = this.parts;
+      for (l = 0, len = ref.length; l < len; l++) {
+        part = ref[l];
+        if (!((0 <= part && part <= 0xffff))) {
+          throw new Error("ipaddr: ipv6 part should fit in 16 bits");
+        }
+      }
+      if (zoneId) {
+        this.zoneId = zoneId;
+      }
+    }
+
+    IPv6.prototype.kind = function() {
+      return 'ipv6';
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.toString = function() {
+      return this.toNormalizedString().replace(/((^|:)(0(:|$))+)/, '::');
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.toRFC5952String = function() {
+      var bestMatchIndex, bestMatchLength, match, regex, string;
+      regex = /((^|:)(0(:|$)){2,})/g;
+      string = this.toNormalizedString();
+      bestMatchIndex = 0;
+      bestMatchLength = -1;
+      while ((match = regex.exec(string))) {
+        if (match[0].length > bestMatchLength) {
+          bestMatchIndex = match.index;
+          bestMatchLength = match[0].length;
+        }
+      }
+      if (bestMatchLength < 0) {
+        return string;
+      }
+      return string.substring(0, bestMatchIndex) + '::' + string.substring(bestMatchIndex + bestMatchLength);
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.toByteArray = function() {
+      var bytes, k, len, part, ref;
+      bytes = [];
+      ref = this.parts;
+      for (k = 0, len = ref.length; k < len; k++) {
+        part = ref[k];
+        bytes.push(part >> 8);
+        bytes.push(part & 0xff);
+      }
+      return bytes;
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.toNormalizedString = function() {
+      var addr, part, suffix;
+      addr = ((function() {
+        var k, len, ref, results;
+        ref = this.parts;
+        results = [];
+        for (k = 0, len = ref.length; k < len; k++) {
+          part = ref[k];
+          results.push(part.toString(16));
+        }
+        return results;
+      }).call(this)).join(":");
+      suffix = '';
+      if (this.zoneId) {
+        suffix = '%' + this.zoneId;
+      }
+      return addr + suffix;
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.toFixedLengthString = function() {
+      var addr, part, suffix;
+      addr = ((function() {
+        var k, len, ref, results;
+        ref = this.parts;
+        results = [];
+        for (k = 0, len = ref.length; k < len; k++) {
+          part = ref[k];
+          results.push(part.toString(16).padStart(4, '0'));
+        }
+        return results;
+      }).call(this)).join(":");
+      suffix = '';
+      if (this.zoneId) {
+        suffix = '%' + this.zoneId;
+      }
+      return addr + suffix;
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.match = function(other, cidrRange) {
+      var ref;
+      if (cidrRange === void 0) {
+        ref = other, other = ref[0], cidrRange = ref[1];
+      }
+      if (other.kind() !== 'ipv6') {
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: cannot match ipv6 address with non-ipv6 one");
+      }
+      return matchCIDR(this.parts, other.parts, 16, cidrRange);
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.SpecialRanges = {
+      unspecified: [new IPv6([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 128],
+      linkLocal: [new IPv6([0xfe80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 10],
+      multicast: [new IPv6([0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 8],
+      loopback: [new IPv6([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]), 128],
+      uniqueLocal: [new IPv6([0xfc00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 7],
+      ipv4Mapped: [new IPv6([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0, 0]), 96],
+      rfc6145: [new IPv6([0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0, 0, 0]), 96],
+      rfc6052: [new IPv6([0x64, 0xff9b, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 96],
+      '6to4': [new IPv6([0x2002, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 16],
+      teredo: [new IPv6([0x2001, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 32],
+      reserved: [[new IPv6([0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 32]]
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.range = function() {
+      return ipaddr.subnetMatch(this, this.SpecialRanges);
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.isIPv4MappedAddress = function() {
+      return this.range() === 'ipv4Mapped';
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.toIPv4Address = function() {
+      var high, low, ref;
+      if (!this.isIPv4MappedAddress()) {
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: trying to convert a generic ipv6 address to ipv4");
+      }
+      ref = this.parts.slice(-2), high = ref[0], low = ref[1];
+      return new ipaddr.IPv4([high >> 8, high & 0xff, low >> 8, low & 0xff]);
+    };
+
+    IPv6.prototype.prefixLengthFromSubnetMask = function() {
+      var cidr, i, k, part, stop, zeros, zerotable;
+      zerotable = {
+        0: 16,
+        32768: 15,
+        49152: 14,
+        57344: 13,
+        61440: 12,
+        63488: 11,
+        64512: 10,
+        65024: 9,
+        65280: 8,
+        65408: 7,
+        65472: 6,
+        65504: 5,
+        65520: 4,
+        65528: 3,
+        65532: 2,
+        65534: 1,
+        65535: 0
+      };
+      cidr = 0;
+      stop = false;
+      for (i = k = 7; k >= 0; i = k += -1) {
+        part = this.parts[i];
+        if (part in zerotable) {
+          zeros = zerotable[part];
+          if (stop && zeros !== 0) {
+            return null;
+          }
+          if (zeros !== 16) {
+            stop = true;
+          }
+          cidr += zeros;
+        } else {
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+      return 128 - cidr;
+    };
+
+    return IPv6;
+
+  })();
+
+  ipv6Part = "(?:[0-9a-f]+::?)+";
+
+  zoneIndex = "%[0-9a-z]{1,}";
+
+  ipv6Regexes = {
+    zoneIndex: new RegExp(zoneIndex, 'i'),
+    "native": new RegExp("^(::)?(" + ipv6Part + ")?([0-9a-f]+)?(::)?(" + zoneIndex + ")?$", 'i'),
+    transitional: new RegExp(("^((?:" + ipv6Part + ")|(?:::)(?:" + ipv6Part + ")?)") + (ipv4Part + "\\." + ipv4Part + "\\." + ipv4Part + "\\." + ipv4Part) + ("(" + zoneIndex + ")?$"), 'i')
+  };
+
+  expandIPv6 = function(string, parts) {
+    var colonCount, lastColon, part, replacement, replacementCount, zoneId;
+    if (string.indexOf('::') !== string.lastIndexOf('::')) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    zoneId = (string.match(ipv6Regexes['zoneIndex']) || [])[0];
+    if (zoneId) {
+      zoneId = zoneId.substring(1);
+      string = string.replace(/%.+$/, '');
+    }
+    colonCount = 0;
+    lastColon = -1;
+    while ((lastColon = string.indexOf(':', lastColon + 1)) >= 0) {
+      colonCount++;
+    }
+    if (string.substr(0, 2) === '::') {
+      colonCount--;
+    }
+    if (string.substr(-2, 2) === '::') {
+      colonCount--;
+    }
+    if (colonCount > parts) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    replacementCount = parts - colonCount;
+    replacement = ':';
+    while (replacementCount--) {
+      replacement += '0:';
+    }
+    string = string.replace('::', replacement);
+    if (string[0] === ':') {
+      string = string.slice(1);
+    }
+    if (string[string.length - 1] === ':') {
+      string = string.slice(0, -1);
+    }
+    parts = (function() {
+      var k, len, ref, results;
+      ref = string.split(":");
+      results = [];
+      for (k = 0, len = ref.length; k < len; k++) {
+        part = ref[k];
+        results.push(parseInt(part, 16));
+      }
+      return results;
+    })();
+    return {
+      parts: parts,
+      zoneId: zoneId
+    };
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv6.parser = function(string) {
+    var addr, k, len, match, octet, octets, zoneId;
+    if (ipv6Regexes['native'].test(string)) {
+      return expandIPv6(string, 8);
+    } else if (match = string.match(ipv6Regexes['transitional'])) {
+      zoneId = match[6] || '';
+      addr = expandIPv6(match[1].slice(0, -1) + zoneId, 6);
+      if (addr.parts) {
+        octets = [parseInt(match[2]), parseInt(match[3]), parseInt(match[4]), parseInt(match[5])];
+        for (k = 0, len = octets.length; k < len; k++) {
+          octet = octets[k];
+          if (!((0 <= octet && octet <= 255))) {
+            return null;
+          }
+        }
+        addr.parts.push(octets[0] << 8 | octets[1]);
+        addr.parts.push(octets[2] << 8 | octets[3]);
+        return {
+          parts: addr.parts,
+          zoneId: addr.zoneId
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.isIPv4 = ipaddr.IPv6.isIPv6 = function(string) {
+    return this.parser(string) !== null;
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.isValid = function(string) {
+    var e;
+    try {
+      new this(this.parser(string));
+      return true;
+    } catch (error1) {
+      e = error1;
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal = function(string) {
+    if (ipaddr.IPv4.isValid(string) && string.match(/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(\.(0|[1-9]\d*)){3}$/)) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv6.isValid = function(string) {
+    var addr, e;
+    if (typeof string === "string" && string.indexOf(":") === -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    try {
+      addr = this.parser(string);
+      new this(addr.parts, addr.zoneId);
+      return true;
+    } catch (error1) {
+      e = error1;
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.parse = function(string) {
+    var parts;
+    parts = this.parser(string);
+    if (parts === null) {
+      throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like ip address");
+    }
+    return new this(parts);
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv6.parse = function(string) {
+    var addr;
+    addr = this.parser(string);
+    if (addr.parts === null) {
+      throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like ip address");
+    }
+    return new this(addr.parts, addr.zoneId);
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.parseCIDR = function(string) {
+    var maskLength, match, parsed;
+    if (match = string.match(/^(.+)\/(\d+)$/)) {
+      maskLength = parseInt(match[2]);
+      if (maskLength >= 0 && maskLength <= 32) {
+        parsed = [this.parse(match[1]), maskLength];
+        Object.defineProperty(parsed, 'toString', {
+          value: function() {
+            return this.join('/');
+          }
+        });
+        return parsed;
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like an IPv4 CIDR range");
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength = function(prefix) {
+    var filledOctetCount, j, octets;
+    prefix = parseInt(prefix);
+    if (prefix < 0 || prefix > 32) {
+      throw new Error('ipaddr: invalid IPv4 prefix length');
+    }
+    octets = [0, 0, 0, 0];
+    j = 0;
+    filledOctetCount = Math.floor(prefix / 8);
+    while (j < filledOctetCount) {
+      octets[j] = 255;
+      j++;
+    }
+    if (filledOctetCount < 4) {
+      octets[filledOctetCount] = Math.pow(2, prefix % 8) - 1 << 8 - (prefix % 8);
+    }
+    return new this(octets);
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.broadcastAddressFromCIDR = function(string) {
+    var cidr, error, i, ipInterfaceOctets, octets, subnetMaskOctets;
+    try {
+      cidr = this.parseCIDR(string);
+      ipInterfaceOctets = cidr[0].toByteArray();
+      subnetMaskOctets = this.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(cidr[1]).toByteArray();
+      octets = [];
+      i = 0;
+      while (i < 4) {
+        octets.push(parseInt(ipInterfaceOctets[i], 10) | parseInt(subnetMaskOctets[i], 10) ^ 255);
+        i++;
+      }
+      return new this(octets);
+    } catch (error1) {
+      error = error1;
+      throw new Error('ipaddr: the address does not have IPv4 CIDR format');
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv4.networkAddressFromCIDR = function(string) {
+    var cidr, error, i, ipInterfaceOctets, octets, subnetMaskOctets;
+    try {
+      cidr = this.parseCIDR(string);
+      ipInterfaceOctets = cidr[0].toByteArray();
+      subnetMaskOctets = this.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(cidr[1]).toByteArray();
+      octets = [];
+      i = 0;
+      while (i < 4) {
+        octets.push(parseInt(ipInterfaceOctets[i], 10) & parseInt(subnetMaskOctets[i], 10));
+        i++;
+      }
+      return new this(octets);
+    } catch (error1) {
+      error = error1;
+      throw new Error('ipaddr: the address does not have IPv4 CIDR format');
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.IPv6.parseCIDR = function(string) {
+    var maskLength, match, parsed;
+    if (match = string.match(/^(.+)\/(\d+)$/)) {
+      maskLength = parseInt(match[2]);
+      if (maskLength >= 0 && maskLength <= 128) {
+        parsed = [this.parse(match[1]), maskLength];
+        Object.defineProperty(parsed, 'toString', {
+          value: function() {
+            return this.join('/');
+          }
+        });
+        return parsed;
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Error("ipaddr: string is not formatted like an IPv6 CIDR range");
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.isValid = function(string) {
+    return ipaddr.IPv6.isValid(string) || ipaddr.IPv4.isValid(string);
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.parse = function(string) {
+    if (ipaddr.IPv6.isValid(string)) {
+      return ipaddr.IPv6.parse(string);
+    } else if (ipaddr.IPv4.isValid(string)) {
+      return ipaddr.IPv4.parse(string);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error("ipaddr: the address has neither IPv6 nor IPv4 format");
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.parseCIDR = function(string) {
+    var e;
+    try {
+      return ipaddr.IPv6.parseCIDR(string);
+    } catch (error1) {
+      e = error1;
+      try {
+        return ipaddr.IPv4.parseCIDR(string);
+      } catch (error1) {
+        e = error1;
+        throw new Error("ipaddr: the address has neither IPv6 nor IPv4 CIDR format");
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.fromByteArray = function(bytes) {
+    var length;
+    length = bytes.length;
+    if (length === 4) {
+      return new ipaddr.IPv4(bytes);
+    } else if (length === 16) {
+      return new ipaddr.IPv6(bytes);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error("ipaddr: the binary input is neither an IPv6 nor IPv4 address");
+    }
+  };
+
+  ipaddr.process = function(string) {
+    var addr;
+    addr = this.parse(string);
+    if (addr.kind() === 'ipv6' && addr.isIPv4MappedAddress()) {
+      return addr.toIPv4Address();
+    } else {
+      return addr;
+    }
+  };
+
+}).call(this);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/lib/ipaddr.js.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/lib/ipaddr.js.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52174b6b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/lib/ipaddr.js.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+declare module "ipaddr.js" {
+    type IPv4Range = 'unicast' | 'unspecified' | 'broadcast' | 'multicast' | 'linkLocal' | 'loopback' | 'carrierGradeNat' | 'private' | 'reserved';
+    type IPv6Range = 'unicast' | 'unspecified' | 'linkLocal' | 'multicast' | 'loopback' | 'uniqueLocal' | 'ipv4Mapped' | 'rfc6145' | 'rfc6052' | '6to4' | 'teredo' | 'reserved';
+
+    interface RangeList<T> {
+        [name: string]: [T, number] | [T, number][];
+    }
+
+    // Common methods/properties for IPv4 and IPv6 classes.
+    class IP {
+        prefixLengthFromSubnetMask(): number | null;
+        toByteArray(): number[];
+        toNormalizedString(): string;
+        toString(): string;
+    }
+
+    namespace Address {
+        export function isValid(addr: string): boolean;
+        export function fromByteArray(bytes: number[]): IPv4 | IPv6;
+        export function parse(addr: string): IPv4 | IPv6;
+        export function parseCIDR(mask: string): [IPv4 | IPv6, number];
+        export function process(addr: string): IPv4 | IPv6;
+        export function subnetMatch(addr: IPv4, rangeList: RangeList<IPv4>, defaultName?: string): string;
+        export function subnetMatch(addr: IPv6, rangeList: RangeList<IPv6>, defaultName?: string): string;
+
+        export class IPv4 extends IP {
+            static broadcastAddressFromCIDR(addr: string): IPv4;
+            static isIPv4(addr: string): boolean;
+            static isValidFourPartDecimal(addr: string): boolean;
+            static isValid(addr: string): boolean;
+            static networkAddressFromCIDR(addr: string): IPv4;
+            static parse(addr: string): IPv4;
+            static parseCIDR(addr: string): [IPv4, number];
+            static subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(prefix: number): IPv4;
+            constructor(octets: number[]);
+            octets: number[]
+
+            kind(): 'ipv4';
+            match(addr: IPv4, bits: number): boolean;
+            match(mask: [IPv4, number]): boolean;
+            range(): IPv4Range;
+            subnetMatch(rangeList: RangeList<IPv4>, defaultName?: string): string;
+            toIPv4MappedAddress(): IPv6;
+        }
+
+        export class IPv6 extends IP {
+            static broadcastAddressFromCIDR(addr: string): IPv6;
+            static isIPv6(addr: string): boolean;
+            static isValid(addr: string): boolean;
+            static parse(addr: string): IPv6;
+            static parseCIDR(addr: string): [IPv6, number];
+            static subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(prefix: number): IPv6;
+            constructor(parts: number[]);
+            parts: number[]
+            zoneId?: string
+
+            isIPv4MappedAddress(): boolean;
+            kind(): 'ipv6';
+            match(addr: IPv6, bits: number): boolean;
+            match(mask: [IPv6, number]): boolean;
+            range(): IPv6Range;
+            subnetMatch(rangeList: RangeList<IPv6>, defaultName?: string): string;
+            toIPv4Address(): IPv4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    export = Address;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/package.json b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c63e4810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ipaddr.js/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ipaddr.js@1.9.1",
+  "_id": "ipaddr.js@1.9.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-0KI/607xoxSToH7GjN1FfSbLoU0+btTicjsQSWQlh/hZykN8KpmMf7uYwPW3R+akZ6R/w18ZlXSHBYXiYUPO3g==",
+  "_location": "/ipaddr.js",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ipaddr.js@1.9.1",
+    "name": "ipaddr.js",
+    "escapedName": "ipaddr.js",
+    "rawSpec": "1.9.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.9.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/proxy-addr"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ipaddr.js/-/ipaddr.js-1.9.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "bff38543eeb8984825079ff3a2a8e6cbd46781b3",
+  "_spec": "ipaddr.js@1.9.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\proxy-addr",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "whitequark",
+    "email": "whitequark@whitequark.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A library for manipulating IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in JavaScript.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "coffee-script": "~1.12.6",
+    "nodeunit": "^0.11.3",
+    "uglify-js": "~3.0.19"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "lib": "./lib"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "ipaddr.min.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "ip",
+    "ipv4",
+    "ipv6"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./lib/ipaddr.js",
+  "name": "ipaddr.js",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "cake build test"
+  },
+  "types": "./lib/ipaddr.js.d.ts",
+  "version": "1.9.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/index.js b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7d3e3855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+'use strict';
+var numberIsNan = require('number-is-nan');
+
+module.exports = function (x) {
+	if (numberIsNan(x)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/blob/cff7300a578be1b10001f2d967aaedc88aee6402/lib/readline.js#L1369
+
+	// code points are derived from:
+	// http://www.unix.org/Public/UNIDATA/EastAsianWidth.txt
+	if (x >= 0x1100 && (
+		x <= 0x115f ||  // Hangul Jamo
+		0x2329 === x || // LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
+		0x232a === x || // RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
+		// CJK Radicals Supplement .. Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
+		(0x2e80 <= x && x <= 0x3247 && x !== 0x303f) ||
+		// Enclosed CJK Letters and Months .. CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A
+		0x3250 <= x && x <= 0x4dbf ||
+		// CJK Unified Ideographs .. Yi Radicals
+		0x4e00 <= x && x <= 0xa4c6 ||
+		// Hangul Jamo Extended-A
+		0xa960 <= x && x <= 0xa97c ||
+		// Hangul Syllables
+		0xac00 <= x && x <= 0xd7a3 ||
+		// CJK Compatibility Ideographs
+		0xf900 <= x && x <= 0xfaff ||
+		// Vertical Forms
+		0xfe10 <= x && x <= 0xfe19 ||
+		// CJK Compatibility Forms .. Small Form Variants
+		0xfe30 <= x && x <= 0xfe6b ||
+		// Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
+		0xff01 <= x && x <= 0xff60 ||
+		0xffe0 <= x && x <= 0xffe6 ||
+		// Kana Supplement
+		0x1b000 <= x && x <= 0x1b001 ||
+		// Enclosed Ideographic Supplement
+		0x1f200 <= x && x <= 0x1f251 ||
+		// CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B .. Tertiary Ideographic Plane
+		0x20000 <= x && x <= 0x3fffd)) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/license b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/package.json b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d421f69b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "_from": "is-fullwidth-code-point@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "is-fullwidth-code-point@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-754xOG8DGn8NZDr4L95QxFfvAMs=",
+  "_location": "/is-fullwidth-code-point",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "is-fullwidth-code-point@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "is-fullwidth-code-point",
+    "escapedName": "is-fullwidth-code-point",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/string-width"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-fullwidth-code-point/-/is-fullwidth-code-point-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "ef9e31386f031a7f0d643af82fde50c457ef00cb",
+  "_spec": "is-fullwidth-code-point@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\string-width",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-fullwidth-code-point/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "number-is-nan": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Check if the character represented by a given Unicode code point is fullwidth",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "0.0.4",
+    "code-point-at": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-fullwidth-code-point#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "fullwidth",
+    "full-width",
+    "full",
+    "width",
+    "unicode",
+    "character",
+    "char",
+    "string",
+    "str",
+    "codepoint",
+    "code",
+    "point",
+    "is",
+    "detect",
+    "check"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "is-fullwidth-code-point",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-fullwidth-code-point.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4936464b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# is-fullwidth-code-point [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/is-fullwidth-code-point.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/is-fullwidth-code-point)
+
+> Check if the character represented by a given [Unicode code point](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_point) is [fullwidth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms)
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save is-fullwidth-code-point
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var isFullwidthCodePoint = require('is-fullwidth-code-point');
+
+isFullwidthCodePoint('谢'.codePointAt());
+//=> true
+
+isFullwidthCodePoint('a'.codePointAt());
+//=> false
+```
+
+
+## API
+
+### isFullwidthCodePoint(input)
+
+#### input
+
+Type: `number`
+
+[Code point](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_point) of a character.
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](http://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/isarray/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c3629e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/isarray/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc4dba29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "0.8"
+  - "0.10"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/isarray/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..787d56e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+test:
+	@node_modules/.bin/tape test.js
+
+.PHONY: test
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/README.md b/backend/node_modules/isarray/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16d2c59c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+# isarray
+
+`Array#isArray` for older browsers.
+
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/juliangruber/isarray.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/juliangruber/isarray)
+[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/isarray.svg)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/isarray)
+
+[![browser support](https://ci.testling.com/juliangruber/isarray.png)
+](https://ci.testling.com/juliangruber/isarray)
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var isArray = require('isarray');
+
+console.log(isArray([])); // => true
+console.log(isArray({})); // => false
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+With [npm](http://npmjs.org) do
+
+```bash
+$ npm install isarray
+```
+
+Then bundle for the browser with
+[browserify](https://github.com/substack/browserify).
+
+With [component](http://component.io) do
+
+```bash
+$ component install juliangruber/isarray
+```
+
+## License
+
+(MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber &lt;julian@juliangruber.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/component.json b/backend/node_modules/isarray/component.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e31b6838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/component.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "name" : "isarray",
+  "description" : "Array#isArray for older browsers",
+  "version" : "0.0.1",
+  "repository" : "juliangruber/isarray",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray",
+  "main" : "index.js",
+  "scripts" : [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "dependencies" : {},
+  "keywords": ["browser","isarray","array"],
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/index.js b/backend/node_modules/isarray/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a57f63495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+var toString = {}.toString;
+
+module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/package.json b/backend/node_modules/isarray/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49fe04a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "_from": "isarray@~1.0.0",
+  "_id": "isarray@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-u5NdSFgsuhaMBoNJV6VKPgcSTxE=",
+  "_location": "/isarray",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "isarray@~1.0.0",
+    "name": "isarray",
+    "escapedName": "isarray",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isarray/-/isarray-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "bb935d48582cba168c06834957a54a3e07124f11",
+  "_spec": "isarray@~1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Julian Gruber",
+    "email": "mail@juliangruber.com",
+    "url": "http://juliangruber.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Array#isArray for older browsers",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tape": "~2.13.4"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/juliangruber/isarray",
+  "keywords": [
+    "browser",
+    "isarray",
+    "array"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "isarray",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/juliangruber/isarray.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tape test.js"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/8..latest",
+      "firefox/17..latest",
+      "firefox/nightly",
+      "chrome/22..latest",
+      "chrome/canary",
+      "opera/12..latest",
+      "opera/next",
+      "safari/5.1..latest",
+      "ipad/6.0..latest",
+      "iphone/6.0..latest",
+      "android-browser/4.2..latest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/isarray/test.js b/backend/node_modules/isarray/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c3444d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/isarray/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+var isArray = require('./');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('is array', function(t){
+  t.ok(isArray([]));
+  t.notOk(isArray({}));
+  t.notOk(isArray(null));
+  t.notOk(isArray(false));
+
+  var obj = {};
+  obj[0] = true;
+  t.notOk(isArray(obj));
+
+  var arr = [];
+  arr.foo = 'bar';
+  t.ok(isArray(arr));
+
+  t.end();
+});
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54364a2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+# Change Log
+
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file starting from version **v4.0.0**.
+This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+## 8.5.1 - 2019-03-18
+
+### Bug fix
+
+ - fix: ensure correct PS signing and verification (#585) ([e5874ae428ffc0465e6bd4e660f89f78b56a74a6](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e5874ae428ffc0465e6bd4e660f89f78b56a74a6)), closes [#585](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/585)
+
+### Docs
+
+ - README: fix markdown for algorithms table ([84e03ef70f9c44a3aef95a1dc122c8238854f683](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/84e03ef70f9c44a3aef95a1dc122c8238854f683))
+
+## 8.5.0 - 2019-02-20
+
+### New Functionality
+
+ - feat: add PS JWA support for applicable node versions (#573) ([eefb9d9c6eec54718fa6e41306bda84788df7bec](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/eefb9d9c6eec54718fa6e41306bda84788df7bec)), closes [#573](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/573)
+ - Add complete option in jwt.verify (#522) ([8737789dd330cf9e7870f4df97fd52479adbac22](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8737789dd330cf9e7870f4df97fd52479adbac22)), closes [#522](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/522)
+
+ ### Test Improvements
+
+ - Add tests for private claims in the payload (#555) ([5147852896755dc1291825e2e40556f964411fb2](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5147852896755dc1291825e2e40556f964411fb2)), closes [#555](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/555)
+ - Force use_strict during testing (#577) ([7b60c127ceade36c33ff33be066e435802001c94](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7b60c127ceade36c33ff33be066e435802001c94)), closes [#577](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/577)
+ - Refactor tests related to jti and jwtid (#544) ([7eebbc75ab89e01af5dacf2aae90fe05a13a1454](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7eebbc75ab89e01af5dacf2aae90fe05a13a1454)), closes [#544](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/544)
+ - ci: remove nsp from tests (#569) ([da8f55c3c7b4dd0bfc07a2df228500fdd050242a](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/da8f55c3c7b4dd0bfc07a2df228500fdd050242a)), closes [#569](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/569)
+
+### Docs
+
+- Fix 'cert' token which isn't a cert (#554) ([0c24fe68cd2866cea6322016bf993cd897fefc98](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/0c24fe68cd2866cea6322016bf993cd897fefc98)), closes [#554](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/554)
+
+
+## 8.4.0 - 2018-11-14
+
+### New Functionality
+
+ - Add verify option for nonce validation (#540) ([e7938f06fdf2ed3aa88745b72b8ae4ee66c2d0d0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e7938f06fdf2ed3aa88745b72b8ae4ee66c2d0d0)), closes [#540](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/540)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+ - Updating Node version in Engines spec in package.json (#528) ([cfd1079305170a897dee6a5f55039783e6ee2711](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/cfd1079305170a897dee6a5f55039783e6ee2711)), closes [#528](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/528) [#509](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/509)
+ - Fixed error message when empty string passed as expiresIn or notBefore option (#531) ([7f9604ac98d4d0ff8d873c3d2b2ea64bd285cb76](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7f9604ac98d4d0ff8d873c3d2b2ea64bd285cb76)), closes [#531](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/531)
+
+### Docs
+
+ - Update README.md (#527) ([b76f2a80f5229ee5cde321dd2ff14aa5df16d283](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/b76f2a80f5229ee5cde321dd2ff14aa5df16d283)), closes [#527](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/527)
+ - Update README.md (#538) ([1956c4006472fd285b8a85074257cbdbe9131cbf](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1956c4006472fd285b8a85074257cbdbe9131cbf)), closes [#538](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/538)
+ - Edited the README.md to make certain parts of the document for the api easier to read, emphasizing the examples. (#548) ([dc89a641293d42f72ecfc623ce2eabc33954cb9d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/dc89a641293d42f72ecfc623ce2eabc33954cb9d)), closes [#548](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/548)
+ - Document NotBeforeError (#529) ([29cd654b956529e939ae8f8c30b9da7063aad501](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/29cd654b956529e939ae8f8c30b9da7063aad501)), closes [#529](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/529)
+
+### Test Improvements
+
+ - Use lolex for faking date in tests (#491) ([677ead6d64482f2067b11437dda07309abe73cfa](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/677ead6d64482f2067b11437dda07309abe73cfa)), closes [#491](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/491)
+ - Update dependencies used for running tests (#518) ([5498bdc4865ffb2ba2fd44d889fad7e83873bb33](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5498bdc4865ffb2ba2fd44d889fad7e83873bb33)), closes [#518](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/518)
+ - Minor test refactoring for recently added tests (#504) ([e2860a9d2a412627d79741a95bc7159971b923b9](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e2860a9d2a412627d79741a95bc7159971b923b9)), closes [#504](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/504)
+ - Create and implement async/sync test helpers (#523) ([683d8a9b31ad6327948f84268bd2c8e4350779d1](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/683d8a9b31ad6327948f84268bd2c8e4350779d1)), closes [#523](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/523)
+ - Refactor tests related to audience and aud (#503) ([53d405e0223cce7c83cb51ecf290ca6bec1e9679](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/53d405e0223cce7c83cb51ecf290ca6bec1e9679)), closes [#503](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/503)
+ - Refactor tests related to expiresIn and exp (#501) ([72f0d9e5b11a99082250665d1200c58182903fa6](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/72f0d9e5b11a99082250665d1200c58182903fa6)), closes [#501](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/501)
+ - Refactor tests related to iat and maxAge (#507) ([877bd57ab2aca9b7d230805b21f921baed3da169](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/877bd57ab2aca9b7d230805b21f921baed3da169)), closes [#507](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/507)
+ - Refactor tests related to iss and issuer (#543) ([0906a3fa80f52f959ac1b6343d3024ce5c7e9dea](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/0906a3fa80f52f959ac1b6343d3024ce5c7e9dea)), closes [#543](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/543)
+ - Refactor tests related to kid and keyid (#545) ([88645427a0adb420bd3e149199a2a6bf1e17277e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/88645427a0adb420bd3e149199a2a6bf1e17277e)), closes [#545](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/545)
+ - Refactor tests related to notBefore and nbf (#497) ([39adf87a6faef3df984140f88e6724ddd709fd89](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/39adf87a6faef3df984140f88e6724ddd709fd89)), closes [#497](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/497)
+ - Refactor tests related to subject and sub (#505) ([5a7fa23c0b4ac6c25304dab8767ef840b43a0eca](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5a7fa23c0b4ac6c25304dab8767ef840b43a0eca)), closes [#505](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/505)
+ - Implement async/sync tests for exp claim (#536) ([9ae3f207ac64b7450ea0a3434418f5ca58d8125e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/9ae3f207ac64b7450ea0a3434418f5ca58d8125e)), closes [#536](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/536)
+ - Implement async/sync tests for nbf claim (#537) ([88bc965061ed65299a395f42a100fb8f8c3c683e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/88bc965061ed65299a395f42a100fb8f8c3c683e)), closes [#537](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/537)
+ - Implement async/sync tests for sub claim (#534) ([342b07bb105a35739eb91265ba5b9dd33c300fc6](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/342b07bb105a35739eb91265ba5b9dd33c300fc6)), closes [#534](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/534)
+ - Implement async/sync tests for the aud claim (#535) ([1c8ff5a68e6da73af2809c9d87faaf78602c99bb](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1c8ff5a68e6da73af2809c9d87faaf78602c99bb)), closes [#535](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/535)
+
+### CI
+
+ - Added Istanbul to check test-coverage (#468) ([9676a8306428a045e34c3987bd0680fb952b44e3](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/9676a8306428a045e34c3987bd0680fb952b44e3)), closes [#468](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/468)
+ - Complete ESLint conversion and cleanup (#490) ([cb1d2e1e40547f7ecf29fa6635041df6cbba7f40](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/cb1d2e1e40547f7ecf29fa6635041df6cbba7f40)), closes [#490](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/490)
+ - Make code-coverage mandatory when running tests (#495) ([fb0084a78535bfea8d0087c0870e7e3614a2cbe5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/fb0084a78535bfea8d0087c0870e7e3614a2cbe5)), closes [#495](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/495)
+
+
+## 8.3.0 - 2018-06-11
+
+ - docs: add some clarifications (#473) ([cd33cc81f06068b9df6c224d300dc6f70d8904ab](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/cd33cc81f06068b9df6c224d300dc6f70d8904ab)), closes [#473](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/473)
+ - ci: fix ci execution, remove not needed script (#472) ([c8ff7b2c3ffcd954a64a0273c20a7d1b22339aa5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/c8ff7b2c3ffcd954a64a0273c20a7d1b22339aa5)), closes [#472](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/472)
+ - new feature: Secret callback revisited (#480) ([d01cc7bcbdeb606d997a580f967b3169fcc622ba](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/d01cc7bcbdeb606d997a580f967b3169fcc622ba)), closes [#480](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/480)
+ - docs:Update README.md (#461) ([f0e0954505f274da95a8d9603598e455b4d2c894](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/f0e0954505f274da95a8d9603598e455b4d2c894)), closes [#461](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/461)
+
+
+## 8.2.2 - 2018-05-30
+
+ - security: deps: jws@3.1.5 (#477) ([ebde9b7cc75cb7ab5176de7ebc4a1d6a8f05bd51](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ebde9b7cc75cb7ab5176de7ebc4a1d6a8f05bd51)), closes [#465](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/465)
+ - docs: add some clarifications (#473) ([cd33cc81f06068b9df6c224d300dc6f70d8904ab](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/cd33cc81f06068b9df6c224d300dc6f70d8904ab)), closes [#473](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/473)
+ - ci: fix ci execution, remove not needed script (#472) ([c8ff7b2c3ffcd954a64a0273c20a7d1b22339aa5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/c8ff7b2c3ffcd954a64a0273c20a7d1b22339aa5)), closes [#472](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/472)
+ - docs: Update README.md (#461) ([f0e0954505f274da95a8d9603598e455b4d2c894](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/f0e0954505f274da95a8d9603598e455b4d2c894)), closes [#461](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/461)
+
+
+## 8.2.1 - 2018-04-05
+
+ - bug fix: Check payload is not null when decoded. (#444) ([1232ae9352ce5fd1ca6c593291ce6ad0834a1ff5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1232ae9352ce5fd1ca6c593291ce6ad0834a1ff5))
+ - docs: Clarify that buffer/string payloads must be JSON (#442) ([e8ac1be7565a3fd986d40cb5e31a9f6c4d9aed1b](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e8ac1be7565a3fd986d40cb5e31a9f6c4d9aed1b))
+
+
+## 8.2.0 - 2018-03-02
+
+ - Add a new mutatePayload option (#446) ([d6d7c5e5103f05a92d3633ac190d3025a0455be0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/d6d7c5e5103f05a92d3633ac190d3025a0455be0))
+
+
+## 8.1.1 - 2018-01-22
+
+ - ci: add newer node versions to build matrix (#428) ([83f3eee44e122da06f812d7da4ace1fa26c24d9d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/83f3eee44e122da06f812d7da4ace1fa26c24d9d))
+ - deps: Bump ms version to add support for negative numbers (#438) ([25e0e624545eaef76f3c324a134bf103bc394724](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/25e0e624545eaef76f3c324a134bf103bc394724))
+ - docs: Minor typo (#424) ([dddcb73ac05de11b81feeb629f6cf78dd03d2047](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/dddcb73ac05de11b81feeb629f6cf78dd03d2047))
+ - bug fix: Not Before (nbf) calculated based on iat/timestamp (#437) ([2764a64908d97c043d62eba0bf6c600674f9a6d6](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/2764a64908d97c043d62eba0bf6c600674f9a6d6)), closes [#435](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/435)
+
+
+## 8.1.0 - 2017-10-09
+
+ - #402: Don't fail if captureStackTrace is not a function (#410) ([77ee965d9081faaf21650f266399f203f69533c5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/77ee965d9081faaf21650f266399f203f69533c5))
+ - #403: Clarify error wording for "Expected object" error. (#409) ([bb27eb346f0ff675a320b2de16b391a7cfeadc58](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/bb27eb346f0ff675a320b2de16b391a7cfeadc58))
+ - Enhance audience check to verify against regular expressions (#398) ([81501a17da230af7b74a3f7535ab5cd3a19c8315](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/81501a17da230af7b74a3f7535ab5cd3a19c8315))
+
+
+## 8.0.1 - 2017-09-12
+
+ - Remove `lodash.isarray` dependency (#394) ([7508e8957cb1c778f72fa9a363a7b135b3c9c36d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7508e8957cb1c778f72fa9a363a7b135b3c9c36d))
+
+## 8.0.0 - 2017-09-06
+
+  **Breaking changes: See [Migration notes from v7](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/wiki/Migration-Notes:-v7-to-v8)**
+
+ - docs: readme, migration notes ([12cd8f7f47224f904f6b8f39d1dee73775de4f6f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/12cd8f7f47224f904f6b8f39d1dee73775de4f6f))
+ - verify: remove process.nextTick (#302) ([3305cf04e3f674b9fb7e27c9b14ddd159650ff82](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/3305cf04e3f674b9fb7e27c9b14ddd159650ff82))
+ - Reduce size of NPM package (#347) ([0be5409ac6592eeaae373dce91ec992fa101bd8a](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/0be5409ac6592eeaae373dce91ec992fa101bd8a))
+ - Remove joi to shrink module size (#348) ([2e7e68dbd59e845cdd940afae0a296f48438445f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/2e7e68dbd59e845cdd940afae0a296f48438445f))
+ - maxAge: Add validation to timespan result ([66a4f8b996c8357727ce62a84605a005b2f5eb18](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/66a4f8b996c8357727ce62a84605a005b2f5eb18))
+
+## 7.4.3 - 2017-08-17
+
+ - Fix breaking change on 7.4.2 for empty secret + "none" algorithm (sync code style) ([PR 386](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/pull/386))
+
+## 7.4.2 - 2017-08-04
+
+ - bugfix: sign: add check to be sure secret has a value ([c584d1cbc34b788977b36f17cd57ab2212f1230e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/c584d1cbc34b788977b36f17cd57ab2212f1230e))
+ - docs: about refreshing tokens ([016fc10b847bfbb76b82171cb530f32d7da2001b](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/016fc10b847bfbb76b82171cb530f32d7da2001b))
+ - docs: verifying with base64 encoded secrets ([c25e9906801f89605080cc71b3ee23a5e45a5811](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/c25e9906801f89605080cc71b3ee23a5e45a5811))
+ - tests: Add tests for ES256 ([89900ea00735f76b04f437c9f542285b420fa9cb](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/89900ea00735f76b04f437c9f542285b420fa9cb))
+ - docs: document keyid as option (#361) ([00086c2c006d7fc1a47bae02fa87d194d79aa558](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/00086c2c006d7fc1a47bae02fa87d194d79aa558))
+ - docs: readme: Using private key with passpharase (#353) ([27a7f1d4f35b662426ff0270526d48658da4c8b7](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/27a7f1d4f35b662426ff0270526d48658da4c8b7))
+
+## 7.4.1 - 2017-05-17
+
+ - bump ms to v2 due a ReDoS vulnerability (#352) ([adcfd6ae4088c838769d169f8cd9154265aa13e0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/adcfd6ae4088c838769d169f8cd9154265aa13e0))
+
+## 7.4.0 - 2017-04-24
+
+ - Add docs about numeric date fields ([659f73119900a4d837650d9b3f5af4e64a2f843b](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/659f73119900a4d837650d9b3f5af4e64a2f843b))
+ - Make Options object optional for callback-ish sign ([e202c4fd00c35a24e9ab606eab89186ade13d0cc](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e202c4fd00c35a24e9ab606eab89186ade13d0cc))
+
+## 7.3.0 - 2017-02-13
+
+ - Add more information to `maxAge` option in README ([1b0592e99cc8def293eed177e2575fa7f1cf7aa5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1b0592e99cc8def293eed177e2575fa7f1cf7aa5))
+ - Add `clockTimestamp` option to `verify()` you can set the current time in seconds with it (#274) ([8fdc1504f4325e7003894ffea078da9cba5208d9](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8fdc1504f4325e7003894ffea078da9cba5208d9))
+ - Fix handling non string tokens on `verify()` input (#305) ([1b6ec8d466504f58c5a6e2dae3360c828bad92fb](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1b6ec8d466504f58c5a6e2dae3360c828bad92fb)), closes [#305](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/305)
+ - Fixed a simple typo in docs (#287) ([a54240384e24e18c00e75884295306db311d0cb7](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/a54240384e24e18c00e75884295306db311d0cb7)), closes [#287](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/287)
+ - Raise jws.decode error to avoid confusion with "invalid token" error  (#294) ([7f68fe06c88d5c5653785bd66bc68c5b20e1bd8e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7f68fe06c88d5c5653785bd66bc68c5b20e1bd8e))
+ - rauchg/ms.js changed to zeit/ms (#303) ([35d84152a6b716d757cb5b1dd3c79fe3a1bc0628](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/35d84152a6b716d757cb5b1dd3c79fe3a1bc0628))
+
+## 7.2.1 - 2016-12-07
+
+ - add nsp check to find vulnerabilities on npm test ([4219c34b5346811c07f520f10516cc495bcc70dd](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/4219c34b5346811c07f520f10516cc495bcc70dd))
+ - revert to joi@^6 to keep ES5 compatibility ([51d4796c07344bf817687f7ccfeef78f00bf5b4f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/51d4796c07344bf817687f7ccfeef78f00bf5b4f))
+
+## 7.2.0 - 2016-12-06
+
+ - improve the documentation for expiration ([771e0b5f9bed90771fb79140eb38e51a3ecac8f0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/771e0b5f9bed90771fb79140eb38e51a3ecac8f0))
+ - Restructured a sentence ([ccc7610187a862f7a50177eadc9152eef26cd065](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ccc7610187a862f7a50177eadc9152eef26cd065))
+ - Allow `keyid` on `sign`. ([b412be91b89acb3a742bb609d3b54e47e1dfc441](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/b412be91b89acb3a742bb609d3b54e47e1dfc441))
+ - upgrade joi ([715e3d928023d414d45c6dc3f096a7c8448139ae](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/715e3d928023d414d45c6dc3f096a7c8448139ae))
+ - upgrade to latest nodes and Travis infrastructure ([3febcc1dd23ecdec1abbf89313959941d15eb47a](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/3febcc1dd23ecdec1abbf89313959941d15eb47a))
+
+
+## 7.1.10 - 2016-12-06
+
+ - Bump node-jws version number ([07813dd7194630c9f452684279178af76464a759](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/07813dd7194630c9f452684279178af76464a759))
+ - improve the documentation for expiration ([771e0b5f9bed90771fb79140eb38e51a3ecac8f0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/771e0b5f9bed90771fb79140eb38e51a3ecac8f0))
+
+## 7.1.9 - 2016-08-11
+
+ - Revert "Merge branch 'venatir-master'" ([d06359ef3b4e619680e043ee7c16adda16598f52](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/d06359ef3b4e619680e043ee7c16adda16598f52))
+
+
+
+## 7.1.8 - 2016-08-10
+
+ - Fixed tests, however typ: 'JWT' should not be in the options at all, so please review other tests ([01903bcdc61b4ed429acbbd1fe0ffe0db364473b](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/01903bcdc61b4ed429acbbd1fe0ffe0db364473b))
+ - Removing unnecessary extra decoding. jwtString is already verified as valid and signature checked ([55d5834f7b637011e1d8b927ff78a92a5fd521cf](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/55d5834f7b637011e1d8b927ff78a92a5fd521cf))
+ - update changelog ([5117aacd0118a10331889a64e61d8186112d8a23](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5117aacd0118a10331889a64e61d8186112d8a23))
+
+
+## 7.1.7 - 2016-07-29
+
+ - Use lodash.once instead of unlicensed/unmaintained cb ([3ac95ad93ef3068a64e03d8d14deff231b1ed529](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/3ac95ad93ef3068a64e03d8d14deff231b1ed529))
+
+## 7.1.6 - 2016-07-15
+
+ - fix issue with buffer payload. closes #216 ([6b50ff324b4dfd2cb0e49b666f14a6672d015b22](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/6b50ff324b4dfd2cb0e49b666f14a6672d015b22)), closes [#216](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/216)
+
+
+## 7.1.5 - 2016-07-15
+
+ - update jws in package.json ([b6260951eefc68aae5f4ede359210761f901ff7a](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/b6260951eefc68aae5f4ede359210761f901ff7a))
+
+
+## 7.1.4 - 2016-07-14
+
+ - add redundant test ([bece8816096f324511c3efcb8db0e64b75d757a1](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/bece8816096f324511c3efcb8db0e64b75d757a1))
+ - fix an issue of double callback on error ([758ca5eeca2f1b06c32c9fce70642bf488b2e52b](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/758ca5eeca2f1b06c32c9fce70642bf488b2e52b))
+
+## 7.1.2 - 2016-07-12
+
+ - do not stringify the payload when signing async - closes #224 ([084f537d3dfbcef2bea411cc0a1515899cc8aa21](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/084f537d3dfbcef2bea411cc0a1515899cc8aa21)), closes [#224](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/224)
+
+## 7.1.1 - 2016-07-12
+
+ - do not mutate options in jwt.verify, closes #227 ([63263a28a268624dab0927b9ad86fffa44a10f84](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/63263a28a268624dab0927b9ad86fffa44a10f84)), closes [#227](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/227)
+ - refactor into multiple files ([e11d505207fa33501298300c9accbfb809d8748d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e11d505207fa33501298300c9accbfb809d8748d))
+
+## 7.1.0 - 2016-07-12
+
+ - Exp calculated based on iat. fix #217 ([757a16e0e35ad19f9e456820f55d5d9f3fc76aee](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/757a16e0e35ad19f9e456820f55d5d9f3fc76aee)), closes [#217](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/217)
+
+## 7.0.0 - 2016-05-19
+
+ - change jwt.sign to return errors on callback instead of throwing errors ([1e46c5a42aa3dab8478efa4081d8f8f5c5485d56](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1e46c5a42aa3dab8478efa4081d8f8f5c5485d56))
+
+## 6.2.0 - 2016-04-29
+
+ - add support for `options.clockTolerance` to `jwt.verify` ([65ddea934f226bf06bc9d6a55be9587515cfc38d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/65ddea934f226bf06bc9d6a55be9587515cfc38d))
+
+## 6.1.2 - 2016-04-29
+
+ - fix sign method for node.js 0.12. closes #193 ([9c38374142d3929be3c9314b5e9bc5d963c5955f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/9c38374142d3929be3c9314b5e9bc5d963c5955f)), closes [#193](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/193)
+ - improve async test ([7b0981380ddc40a5f1208df520631785b5ffb85a](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7b0981380ddc40a5f1208df520631785b5ffb85a))
+
+## 6.1.0 - 2016-04-27
+
+ - verify unsigned tokens ([ec880791c10ed5ef7c8df7bf28ebb95c810479ed](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ec880791c10ed5ef7c8df7bf28ebb95c810479ed))
+
+## 6.0.1 - 2016-04-27
+
+This was an immediate change after publishing 6.0.0.
+
+ - throw error on invalid options when the payload is not an object ([304f1b33075f79ed66f784e27dc4f5307aa39e27](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/304f1b33075f79ed66f784e27dc4f5307aa39e27))
+
+## 6.0.0 - 2016-04-27
+
+ - Change .sign to standard async callback ([50873c7d45d2733244d5da8afef3d1872e657a60](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/50873c7d45d2733244d5da8afef3d1872e657a60))
+ - Improved the options for the `sign` method ([53c3987b3cc34e95eb396b26fc9b051276e2f6f9](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/53c3987b3cc34e95eb396b26fc9b051276e2f6f9))
+
+    -  throw error on invalid options like `expiresIn` when the payload is not an object ([304f1b33075f79ed66f784e27dc4f5307aa39e27](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/304f1b33075f79ed66f784e27dc4f5307aa39e27))
+    -  `expiresInMinutes` and `expiresInSeconds` are deprecated and no longer supported.
+    -  `notBeforeInMinutes` and `notBeforeInSeconds` are deprecated and no longer supported.
+    -  `options` are strongly validated.
+    -  `options.expiresIn`, `options.notBefore`, `options.audience`, `options.issuer`, `options.subject` and `options.jwtid` are mutually exclusive with `payload.exp`, `payload.nbf`, `payload.aud`, `payload.iss`
+    -  `options.algorithm` is properly validated.
+    -  `options.headers` is renamed to `options.header`.
+
+ - update CHANGELOG to reflect most of the changes. closes #136 ([b87a1a8d2e2533fbfab518765a54f00077918eb7](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/b87a1a8d2e2533fbfab518765a54f00077918eb7)), closes [#136](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/136)
+ - update readme ([53a88ecf4494e30e1d62a1cf3cc354650349f486](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/53a88ecf4494e30e1d62a1cf3cc354650349f486))
+
+## 5.7.0 - 2016-02-16
+
+
+ - add support for validating multiples issuers. closes #163 ([39d9309ae05648dbd72e5fd1993df064ad0e8fa5](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/39d9309ae05648dbd72e5fd1993df064ad0e8fa5)), closes [#163](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/163)
+
+
+## 5.6.1 - 2016-02-16
+
+
+ - 5.6.1 ([06d8209d499dbc9a8dd978ab6cbb9c6818fde203](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/06d8209d499dbc9a8dd978ab6cbb9c6818fde203))
+ - fix wrong error when setting expiration on non-object payload. closes #153 ([7f7d76edfd918d6afc7c7cead888caa42ccaceb4](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7f7d76edfd918d6afc7c7cead888caa42ccaceb4)), closes [#153](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/153)
+
+
+
+## 5.6.0 - 2016-02-16
+
+
+ - added missing validations of sub and jti ([a1affe960d0fc52e9042bcbdedb65734f8855580](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/a1affe960d0fc52e9042bcbdedb65734f8855580))
+ - Fix tests in jwt.rs.tests.js which causes 4 to fail ([8aedf2b1f575b0d9575c1fc9f2ac7bc868f75ff1](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8aedf2b1f575b0d9575c1fc9f2ac7bc868f75ff1))
+ - Update README.md ([349b7cd00229789b138928ca060d3ef015aedaf9](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/349b7cd00229789b138928ca060d3ef015aedaf9))
+
+
+
+## 5.5.4 - 2016-01-04
+
+
+ - minor ([46552e7c45025c76e3f647680d7539a66bfac612](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/46552e7c45025c76e3f647680d7539a66bfac612))
+
+
+
+## 5.5.3 - 2016-01-04
+
+
+ - add a console.warn on invalid options for string payloads ([71200f14deba0533d3261266348338fac2d14661](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/71200f14deba0533d3261266348338fac2d14661))
+ - minor ([65b1f580382dc58dd3da6f47a52713776fd7cdf2](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/65b1f580382dc58dd3da6f47a52713776fd7cdf2))
+
+
+
+## 5.5.2 - 2016-01-04
+
+
+ - fix signing method with sealed objects, do not modify the params object. closes #147 ([be9c09af83b09c9e72da8b2c6166fa51d92aeab6](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/be9c09af83b09c9e72da8b2c6166fa51d92aeab6)), closes [#147](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/147)
+
+
+
+## 5.5.1 - 2016-01-04
+
+
+ - fix nbf verification. fix #152 ([786d37b299c67771b5e71a2ca476666ab0f97d98](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/786d37b299c67771b5e71a2ca476666ab0f97d98)), closes [#152](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/152)
+
+
+
+## 5.5.0 - 2015-12-28
+
+
+ - improvements to nbf and jti claims ([46372e928f6d2e7398f9b88022ca617d2a3b0699](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/46372e928f6d2e7398f9b88022ca617d2a3b0699))
+ - Remove duplicate payload line (fix bug in IE strict mode) ([8163d698e0c5ad8c44817a5dcd42a15d7e9c6bc8](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8163d698e0c5ad8c44817a5dcd42a15d7e9c6bc8))
+ - Remove duplicate require('ms') line ([7c00bcbcbf8f7503a1070b394a165eccd41de66f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7c00bcbcbf8f7503a1070b394a165eccd41de66f))
+ - Update README to reflect addition of async sign ([d661d4b6f68eb417834c99b36769444723041ccf](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/d661d4b6f68eb417834c99b36769444723041ccf))
+
+
+
+## 5.4.0 - 2015-10-02
+
+
+ - deprecate expireInMinutes and expireInSeconds - in favor of expiresIn ([39ecc6f8f310f8462e082f1d53de0b4222b29b6f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/39ecc6f8f310f8462e082f1d53de0b4222b29b6f))
+
+
+## 5.3.0 - 2015-10-02
+
+
+ - 5.3.0 ([5d559ced3fbf10c1adae2e5792deda06ea89bcd3](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5d559ced3fbf10c1adae2e5792deda06ea89bcd3))
+ - minor ([6e81ff87a3799b0e56db09cbae42a97e784716c4](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/6e81ff87a3799b0e56db09cbae42a97e784716c4))
+
+
+
+## 5.1.0 - 2015-10-02
+
+
+ - added async signing ([9414fbcb15a1f9cf4fe147d070e9424c547dabba](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/9414fbcb15a1f9cf4fe147d070e9424c547dabba))
+ - Update README.md ([40b2aaaa843442dfb8ee7b574f0a788177e7c904](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/40b2aaaa843442dfb8ee7b574f0a788177e7c904))
+
+
+
+## 5.0.5 - 2015-08-19
+
+
+ - add ms dep to package.json ([f13b3fb7f29dff787e7c91ebe2eb5adeeb05f251](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/f13b3fb7f29dff787e7c91ebe2eb5adeeb05f251))
+ - add note to explain, related to #96 #101 #6 ([dd8969e0e6ed0bcb9cae905d2b1a96476bd85da3](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/dd8969e0e6ed0bcb9cae905d2b1a96476bd85da3))
+ - add tests for options.headers ([7787dd74e705787c39a871ca29c75a2e0a3948ac](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7787dd74e705787c39a871ca29c75a2e0a3948ac))
+ - add tests for verify expires ([d7c5793d98c300603440ab460c11665f661ad3a0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/d7c5793d98c300603440ab460c11665f661ad3a0))
+ - add verify option maxAge (with tests) ([49d54e54f7e70b1c53a2e4ee67e116c907d75319](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/49d54e54f7e70b1c53a2e4ee67e116c907d75319))
+ - fix spelling error in error message ([8078b11b224fa05ac9003ca5aa2c85e9f0128cfb](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8078b11b224fa05ac9003ca5aa2c85e9f0128cfb))
+ - Fix typo options.header is not a documented option + ([5feaa5b962ccbddeff054817a410f7b0c1e6ce7f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5feaa5b962ccbddeff054817a410f7b0c1e6ce7f))
+ - update JWT spec link. closes #112 ([f5fa50f797456a12240589161835c7ea30807195](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/f5fa50f797456a12240589161835c7ea30807195)), closes [#112](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/112)
+
+
+## 5.0.3 - 2015-07-15
+
+ - Added nbf support ([f26ba4e2fa197a20497632b63ffcd13ae93aacc4](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/f26ba4e2fa197a20497632b63ffcd13ae93aacc4))
+ - Added support for subject and jwt id ([ab76ec5bc554e2d1e25376ddb7cea711d86af651](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ab76ec5bc554e2d1e25376ddb7cea711d86af651))
+ - Fix `this` referring to the global object instead of `module.exports` in `verify()` ([93f554312e37129027fcf4916f48cb8d1b53588c](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/93f554312e37129027fcf4916f48cb8d1b53588c))
+ - Fix typo, line 139 README, complete option for .decode. ([59c110aeb8c7c1847ef2ffd77702d13627c89e10](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/59c110aeb8c7c1847ef2ffd77702d13627c89e10))
+ - minor ([61ff1172272b582902313e958058ff22413494af](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/61ff1172272b582902313e958058ff22413494af))
+
+
+
+## 5.0.2 - 2015-06-15
+
+
+ - fix typo in docs . closes #86 ([3d3413221f36acef4dfd1cbed87f1f3565cd6f84](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/3d3413221f36acef4dfd1cbed87f1f3565cd6f84)), closes [#86](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/86)
+
+
+
+## 5.0.1 - 2015-05-15
+
+
+ - Add option to return header and payload when decoding. ([7254e011b59f892d1947e6c11819281adac7069d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7254e011b59f892d1947e6c11819281adac7069d))
+ - Avoid uncaught "SyntaxError: Unexpected token ͧ" error. ([0dc59cd6ee15d83a606acffa7909ee76176ae186](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/0dc59cd6ee15d83a606acffa7909ee76176ae186))
+ - Document complete option in README. ([ec32b20241a74d9681ea26e1a7024b4642468c00](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ec32b20241a74d9681ea26e1a7024b4642468c00))
+ - Fix example in README, silence verbose logging. ([ba3174d10033c41e9c211a38f1cc67f74fbd7f69](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ba3174d10033c41e9c211a38f1cc67f74fbd7f69))
+ - Fix link to auth0.com in README ([1b3c5ff72c9bc25e9271646e679f3080f2a042a0](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1b3c5ff72c9bc25e9271646e679f3080f2a042a0))
+ - Immediate return if not decoded. ([851bda2b10168f3269c3da6e74d310742f31a193](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/851bda2b10168f3269c3da6e74d310742f31a193))
+ - Prevent throw on undefined/null secret ([0fdf78d4dbf609455f3277d6169a987aef0384d4](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/0fdf78d4dbf609455f3277d6169a987aef0384d4))
+ - Removed path from test ([d6240e24186732d368bffe21143becf44c38f0d6](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/d6240e24186732d368bffe21143becf44c38f0d6))
+ - Simplified checking for missing key ([f1cffd033bffc44f20558eda4a797c3fa2f4ee05](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/f1cffd033bffc44f20558eda4a797c3fa2f4ee05))
+ - Typo ([ffe68dbe0219bab535c1018448eb4c0b22f1f902](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/ffe68dbe0219bab535c1018448eb4c0b22f1f902))
+ - Update CHANGELOG.md ([927cce0dad1bc9aad75aeef53e276cf4cfc0d776](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/927cce0dad1bc9aad75aeef53e276cf4cfc0d776))
+ - Update CHANGELOG.md ([6879e0fdde222995c70a3a69a4af94993d9c667e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/6879e0fdde222995c70a3a69a4af94993d9c667e))
+ - Update CHANGELOG.md ([c5596c10e8705727fa13e0394184a606083078bc](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/c5596c10e8705727fa13e0394184a606083078bc))
+ - Update CHANGELOG.md ([07541f0315f26d179e1cde92732b6124d6869b6f](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/07541f0315f26d179e1cde92732b6124d6869b6f))
+ - Update CHANGELOG.md ([e6465d48ddd1dc2c3297229b28c78fd5490a2ba9](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e6465d48ddd1dc2c3297229b28c78fd5490a2ba9))
+
+## [5.0.0] - 2015-04-11
+
+### Changed
+
+ - [sign] Only set defautl `iat` if the user does not specify that argument.
+
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/e900282a8d2dff1d4dec815f7e6aa7782e867d91
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/35036b188b4ee6b42df553bbb93bc8a6b19eae9d
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/954bd7a312934f03036b6bb6f00edd41f29e54d9
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/24a370080e0b75f11d4717cd2b11b2949d95fc2e
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/a77df6d49d4ec688dfd0a1cc723586bffe753516
+
+### Security
+
+ - [verify] Update to jws@^3.0.0 and renaming `header.alg` mismatch exception to `invalid algorithm` and adding more mismatch tests.
+
+  As `jws@3.0.0` changed the verify method signature to be `jws.verify(signature, algorithm, secretOrKey)`, the token header must be decoded first in order to make sure that the `alg` field matches one of the allowed `options.algorithms`. After that, the now validated `header.alg` is passed to `jws.verify`
+
+ As the order of steps has changed, the error that was thrown when the JWT was invalid is no longer the `jws` one:
+ ```
+ { [Error: Invalid token: no header in signature 'a.b.c'] code: 'MISSING_HEADER', signature: 'a.b.c' }
+ ```
+
+ That old error (removed from jws) has been replaced by a `JsonWebTokenError` with message `invalid token`.
+
+ > Important: versions >= 4.2.2 this library are safe to use but we decided to deprecate everything `< 5.0.0` to prevent security warnings from library `node-jws` when doing `npm install`.
+
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/634b8ed0ff5267dc25da5c808634208af109824e
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/9f24ffd5791febb449d4d03ff58d7807da9b9b7e
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/19e6cc6a1f2fd90356f89b074223b9665f2aa8a2
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1e4623420159c6410616f02a44ed240f176287a9
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/954bd7a312934f03036b6bb6f00edd41f29e54d9
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/24a370080e0b75f11d4717cd2b11b2949d95fc2e
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/a77df6d49d4ec688dfd0a1cc723586bffe753516
+
+## [4.2.2] - 2015-03-26
+### Fixed
+
+ - [asymmetric-keys] Fix verify for RSAPublicKey formated keys (`jfromaniello - awlayton`)
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/402794663b9521bf602fcc6f2e811e7d3912f9dc
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8df6aabbc7e1114c8fb3917931078254eb52c222
+
+## [4.2.1] - 2015-03-17
+### Fixed
+
+ - [asymmetric-keys] Fixed issue when public key starts with BEING PUBLIC KEY (https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/70) (`jfromaniello`)
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/7017e74db9b194448ff488b3e16468ada60c4ee5
+
+## [4.2.0] - 2015-03-16
+### Security
+
+ - [asymmetric-keys] Making sure a token signed with an asymmetric key will be verified using a asymmetric key.
+   When the verification part was expecting a token digitally signed with an asymmetric key (RS/ES family) of algorithms an attacker could send a token signed with a symmetric algorithm (HS* family).
+
+  The issue was caused because the same signature was used to verify both type of tokens (`verify` method parameter: `secretOrPublicKey`).
+
+  This change adds a new parameter to the verify called `algorithms`. This can be used to specify a list of supported algorithms, but the default value depends on the secret used: if the secretOrPublicKey contains the string `BEGIN CERTIFICATE` the default is `[ 'RS256','RS384','RS512','ES256','ES384','ES512' ]` otherwise is `[ 'HS256','HS384','HS512' ]`. (`jfromaniello`)
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/c2bf7b2cd7e8daf66298c2d168a008690bc4bdd3
+  https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1bb584bc382295eeb7ee8c4452a673a77a68b687
+
+## [4.1.0] - 2015-03-10
+### Changed
+- Assume the payload is JSON even when there is no `typ` property. [5290db1](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/5290db1bd74f74cd38c90b19e2355ef223a4d931)
+
+## [4.0.0] - 2015-03-06
+### Changed
+- The default encoding is now utf8 instead of binary. [92d33bd](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/92d33bd99a3416e9e5a8897d9ad8ff7d70a00bfd)
+- Add `encoding` as a new option to `sign`. [1fc385e](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/1fc385ee10bd0018cd1441552dce6c2e5a16375f)
+- Add `ignoreExpiration` to `verify`. [8d4da27](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/8d4da279e1b351ac71ace276285c9255186d549f)
+- Add `expiresInSeconds` to `sign`. [dd156cc](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/dd156cc30f17028744e60aec0502897e34609329)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fix wrong error message when the audience doesn't match. [44e3c8d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/44e3c8d757e6b4e2a57a69a035f26b4abec3e327)
+- Fix wrong error message when the issuer doesn't match. [44e3c8d](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/44e3c8d757e6b4e2a57a69a035f26b4abec3e327)
+- Fix wrong `iat` and `exp` values when signing with `noTimestamp`. [331b7bc](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/commit/331b7bc9cc335561f8806f2c4558e105cb53e0a6)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcd1854c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+ 
+Copyright (c) 2015 Auth0, Inc. <support@auth0.com> (http://auth0.com)
+ 
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ 
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ 
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/README.md b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f966435e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+# jsonwebtoken
+
+| **Build** | **Dependency** |
+|-----------|---------------|
+| [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken.svg?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken) | [![Dependency Status](https://david-dm.org/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken.svg)](https://david-dm.org/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken) |
+
+
+An implementation of [JSON Web Tokens](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519).
+
+This was developed against `draft-ietf-oauth-json-web-token-08`. It makes use of [node-jws](https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws)
+
+# Install
+
+```bash
+$ npm install jsonwebtoken
+```
+
+# Migration notes
+
+* [From v7 to v8](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/wiki/Migration-Notes:-v7-to-v8)
+
+# Usage
+
+### jwt.sign(payload, secretOrPrivateKey, [options, callback])
+
+(Asynchronous) If a callback is supplied, the callback is called with the `err` or the JWT.
+
+(Synchronous) Returns the JsonWebToken as string
+
+`payload` could be an object literal, buffer or string representing valid JSON. 
+> **Please _note_ that** `exp` or any other claim is only set if the payload is an object literal. Buffer or string payloads are not checked for JSON validity.
+
+> If `payload` is not a buffer or a string, it will be coerced into a string using `JSON.stringify`.
+
+`secretOrPrivateKey` is a string, buffer, or object containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms or the PEM
+encoded private key for RSA and ECDSA. In case of a private key with passphrase an object `{ key, passphrase }` can be used (based on [crypto documentation](https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html#crypto_sign_sign_private_key_output_format)), in this case be sure you pass the `algorithm` option.
+
+`options`:
+
+* `algorithm` (default: `HS256`)
+* `expiresIn`: expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span [zeit/ms](https://github.com/zeit/ms). 
+  > Eg: `60`, `"2 days"`, `"10h"`, `"7d"`. A numeric value is interpreted as a seconds count. If you use a string be sure you provide the time units (days, hours, etc), otherwise milliseconds unit is used by default (`"120"` is equal to `"120ms"`).
+* `notBefore`: expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span [zeit/ms](https://github.com/zeit/ms). 
+  > Eg: `60`, `"2 days"`, `"10h"`, `"7d"`. A numeric value is interpreted as a seconds count. If you use a string be sure you provide the time units (days, hours, etc), otherwise milliseconds unit is used by default (`"120"` is equal to `"120ms"`).
+* `audience`
+* `issuer`
+* `jwtid`
+* `subject`
+* `noTimestamp`
+* `header`
+* `keyid`
+* `mutatePayload`: if true, the sign function will modify the payload object directly. This is useful if you need a raw reference to the payload after claims have been applied to it but before it has been encoded into a token.
+
+
+
+> There are no default values for `expiresIn`, `notBefore`, `audience`, `subject`, `issuer`.  These claims can also be provided in the payload directly with `exp`, `nbf`, `aud`, `sub` and `iss` respectively, but you **_can't_** include in both places.
+
+Remember that `exp`, `nbf` and `iat` are **NumericDate**, see related [Token Expiration (exp claim)](#token-expiration-exp-claim)
+
+
+The header can be customized via the `options.header` object.
+
+Generated jwts will include an `iat` (issued at) claim by default unless `noTimestamp` is specified. If `iat` is inserted in the payload, it will be used instead of the real timestamp for calculating other things like `exp` given a timespan in `options.expiresIn`.
+
+Synchronous Sign with default (HMAC SHA256)
+
+```js
+var jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+var token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, 'shhhhh');
+```
+
+Synchronous Sign with RSA SHA256
+```js
+// sign with RSA SHA256
+var privateKey = fs.readFileSync('private.key');
+var token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, privateKey, { algorithm: 'RS256'});
+```
+
+Sign asynchronously
+```js
+jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, privateKey, { algorithm: 'RS256' }, function(err, token) {
+  console.log(token);
+});
+```
+
+Backdate a jwt 30 seconds
+```js
+var older_token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar', iat: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - 30 }, 'shhhhh');
+```
+
+#### Token Expiration (exp claim)
+
+The standard for JWT defines an `exp` claim for expiration. The expiration is represented as a **NumericDate**:
+
+> A JSON numeric value representing the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z UTC until the specified UTC date/time, ignoring leap seconds.  This is equivalent to the IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition [POSIX.1] definition "Seconds Since the Epoch", in which each day is accounted for by exactly 86400 seconds, other than that non-integer values can be represented.  See RFC 3339 [RFC3339] for details regarding date/times in general and UTC in particular.
+
+This means that the `exp` field should contain the number of seconds since the epoch.
+
+Signing a token with 1 hour of expiration:
+
+```javascript
+jwt.sign({
+  exp: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + (60 * 60),
+  data: 'foobar'
+}, 'secret');
+```
+
+Another way to generate a token like this with this library is:
+
+```javascript
+jwt.sign({
+  data: 'foobar'
+}, 'secret', { expiresIn: 60 * 60 });
+
+//or even better:
+
+jwt.sign({
+  data: 'foobar'
+}, 'secret', { expiresIn: '1h' });
+```
+
+### jwt.verify(token, secretOrPublicKey, [options, callback])
+
+(Asynchronous) If a callback is supplied, function acts asynchronously. The callback is called with the decoded payload if the signature is valid and optional expiration, audience, or issuer are valid. If not, it will be called with the error.
+
+(Synchronous) If a callback is not supplied, function acts synchronously. Returns the payload decoded if the signature is valid and optional expiration, audience, or issuer are valid. If not, it will throw the error.
+
+`token` is the JsonWebToken string
+
+`secretOrPublicKey` is a string or buffer containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms, or the PEM
+encoded public key for RSA and ECDSA.
+If `jwt.verify` is called asynchronous, `secretOrPublicKey` can be a function that should fetch the secret or public key. See below for a detailed example
+
+As mentioned in [this comment](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/208#issuecomment-231861138), there are other libraries that expect base64 encoded secrets (random bytes encoded using base64), if that is your case you can pass `Buffer.from(secret, 'base64')`, by doing this the secret will be decoded using base64 and the token verification will use the original random bytes.
+
+`options`
+
+* `algorithms`: List of strings with the names of the allowed algorithms. For instance, `["HS256", "HS384"]`.
+* `audience`: if you want to check audience (`aud`), provide a value here. The audience can be checked against a string, a regular expression or a list of strings and/or regular expressions. 
+  > Eg: `"urn:foo"`, `/urn:f[o]{2}/`, `[/urn:f[o]{2}/, "urn:bar"]`
+* `complete`: return an object with the decoded `{ payload, header, signature }` instead of only the usual content of the payload.
+* `issuer` (optional): string or array of strings of valid values for the `iss` field.
+* `ignoreExpiration`: if `true` do not validate the expiration of the token.
+* `ignoreNotBefore`...
+* `subject`: if you want to check subject (`sub`), provide a value here
+* `clockTolerance`: number of seconds to tolerate when checking the `nbf` and `exp` claims, to deal with small clock differences among different servers
+* `maxAge`: the maximum allowed age for tokens to still be valid. It is expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span [zeit/ms](https://github.com/zeit/ms). 
+  > Eg: `1000`, `"2 days"`, `"10h"`, `"7d"`. A numeric value is interpreted as a seconds count. If you use a string be sure you provide the time units (days, hours, etc), otherwise milliseconds unit is used by default (`"120"` is equal to `"120ms"`).
+* `clockTimestamp`: the time in seconds that should be used as the current time for all necessary comparisons.
+* `nonce`: if you want to check `nonce` claim, provide a string value here. It is used on Open ID for the ID Tokens. ([Open ID implementation notes](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#NonceNotes))
+
+
+```js
+// verify a token symmetric - synchronous
+var decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh');
+console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
+
+// verify a token symmetric
+jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
+  console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
+});
+
+// invalid token - synchronous
+try {
+  var decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'wrong-secret');
+} catch(err) {
+  // err
+}
+
+// invalid token
+jwt.verify(token, 'wrong-secret', function(err, decoded) {
+  // err
+  // decoded undefined
+});
+
+// verify a token asymmetric
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
+jwt.verify(token, cert, function(err, decoded) {
+  console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
+});
+
+// verify audience
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
+jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo' }, function(err, decoded) {
+  // if audience mismatch, err == invalid audience
+});
+
+// verify issuer
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
+jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer' }, function(err, decoded) {
+  // if issuer mismatch, err == invalid issuer
+});
+
+// verify jwt id
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
+jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer', jwtid: 'jwtid' }, function(err, decoded) {
+  // if jwt id mismatch, err == invalid jwt id
+});
+
+// verify subject
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
+jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer', jwtid: 'jwtid', subject: 'subject' }, function(err, decoded) {
+  // if subject mismatch, err == invalid subject
+});
+
+// alg mismatch
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
+jwt.verify(token, cert, { algorithms: ['RS256'] }, function (err, payload) {
+  // if token alg != RS256,  err == invalid signature
+});
+
+// Verify using getKey callback
+// Example uses https://github.com/auth0/node-jwks-rsa as a way to fetch the keys.
+var jwksClient = require('jwks-rsa');
+var client = jwksClient({
+  jwksUri: 'https://sandrino.auth0.com/.well-known/jwks.json'
+});
+function getKey(header, callback){
+  client.getSigningKey(header.kid, function(err, key) {
+    var signingKey = key.publicKey || key.rsaPublicKey;
+    callback(null, signingKey);
+  });
+}
+
+jwt.verify(token, getKey, options, function(err, decoded) {
+  console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
+});
+
+```
+
+### jwt.decode(token [, options])
+
+(Synchronous) Returns the decoded payload without verifying if the signature is valid.
+
+> __Warning:__ This will __not__ verify whether the signature is valid. You should __not__ use this for untrusted messages. You most likely want to use `jwt.verify` instead.
+
+`token` is the JsonWebToken string
+
+`options`:
+
+* `json`: force JSON.parse on the payload even if the header doesn't contain `"typ":"JWT"`.
+* `complete`: return an object with the decoded payload and header.
+
+Example
+
+```js
+// get the decoded payload ignoring signature, no secretOrPrivateKey needed
+var decoded = jwt.decode(token);
+
+// get the decoded payload and header
+var decoded = jwt.decode(token, {complete: true});
+console.log(decoded.header);
+console.log(decoded.payload)
+```
+
+## Errors & Codes
+Possible thrown errors during verification.
+Error is the first argument of the verification callback.
+
+### TokenExpiredError
+
+Thrown error if the token is expired.
+
+Error object:
+
+* name: 'TokenExpiredError'
+* message: 'jwt expired'
+* expiredAt: [ExpDate]
+
+```js
+jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
+  if (err) {
+    /*
+      err = {
+        name: 'TokenExpiredError',
+        message: 'jwt expired',
+        expiredAt: 1408621000
+      }
+    */
+  }
+});
+```
+
+### JsonWebTokenError
+Error object:
+
+* name: 'JsonWebTokenError'
+* message:
+  * 'jwt malformed'
+  * 'jwt signature is required'
+  * 'invalid signature'
+  * 'jwt audience invalid. expected: [OPTIONS AUDIENCE]'
+  * 'jwt issuer invalid. expected: [OPTIONS ISSUER]'
+  * 'jwt id invalid. expected: [OPTIONS JWT ID]'
+  * 'jwt subject invalid. expected: [OPTIONS SUBJECT]'
+
+```js
+jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
+  if (err) {
+    /*
+      err = {
+        name: 'JsonWebTokenError',
+        message: 'jwt malformed'
+      }
+    */
+  }
+});
+```
+
+### NotBeforeError
+Thrown if current time is before the nbf claim.
+
+Error object:
+
+* name: 'NotBeforeError'
+* message: 'jwt not active'
+* date: 2018-10-04T16:10:44.000Z
+
+```js
+jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
+  if (err) {
+    /*
+      err = {
+        name: 'NotBeforeError',
+        message: 'jwt not active',
+        date: 2018-10-04T16:10:44.000Z
+      }
+    */
+  }
+});
+```
+
+
+## Algorithms supported
+
+Array of supported algorithms. The following algorithms are currently supported.
+
+alg Parameter Value | Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm
+----------------|----------------------------
+HS256 | HMAC using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+HS384 | HMAC using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+HS512 | HMAC using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+RS256 | RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+RS384 | RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+RS512 | RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+PS256 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-256 hash algorithm (only node ^6.12.0 OR >=8.0.0)
+PS384 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-384 hash algorithm (only node ^6.12.0 OR >=8.0.0)
+PS512 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-512 hash algorithm (only node ^6.12.0 OR >=8.0.0)
+ES256 | ECDSA using P-256 curve and SHA-256 hash algorithm
+ES384 | ECDSA using P-384 curve and SHA-384 hash algorithm
+ES512 | ECDSA using P-521 curve and SHA-512 hash algorithm
+none | No digital signature or MAC value included
+
+## Refreshing JWTs
+
+First of all, we recommend you to think carefully if auto-refreshing a JWT will not introduce any vulnerability in your system.
+
+We are not comfortable including this as part of the library, however, you can take a look at [this example](https://gist.github.com/ziluvatar/a3feb505c4c0ec37059054537b38fc48) to show how this could be accomplished.
+Apart from that example there are [an issue](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/122) and [a pull request](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/pull/172) to get more knowledge about this topic.
+
+# TODO
+
+* X.509 certificate chain is not checked
+
+## Issue Reporting
+
+If you have found a bug or if you have a feature request, please report them at this repository issues section. Please do not report security vulnerabilities on the public GitHub issue tracker. The [Responsible Disclosure Program](https://auth0.com/whitehat) details the procedure for disclosing security issues.
+
+## Author
+
+[Auth0](https://auth0.com)
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the MIT license. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for more info.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/decode.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/decode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fe1adcd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/decode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+var jws = require('jws');
+
+module.exports = function (jwt, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var decoded = jws.decode(jwt, options);
+  if (!decoded) { return null; }
+  var payload = decoded.payload;
+
+  //try parse the payload
+  if(typeof payload === 'string') {
+    try {
+      var obj = JSON.parse(payload);
+      if(obj !== null && typeof obj === 'object') {
+        payload = obj;
+      }
+    } catch (e) { }
+  }
+
+  //return header if `complete` option is enabled.  header includes claims
+  //such as `kid` and `alg` used to select the key within a JWKS needed to
+  //verify the signature
+  if (options.complete === true) {
+    return {
+      header: decoded.header,
+      payload: payload,
+      signature: decoded.signature
+    };
+  }
+  return payload;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/index.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..161eb2dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+module.exports = {
+  decode: require('./decode'),
+  verify: require('./verify'),
+  sign: require('./sign'),
+  JsonWebTokenError: require('./lib/JsonWebTokenError'),
+  NotBeforeError: require('./lib/NotBeforeError'),
+  TokenExpiredError: require('./lib/TokenExpiredError'),
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/JsonWebTokenError.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/JsonWebTokenError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e068222a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/JsonWebTokenError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+var JsonWebTokenError = function (message, error) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+  if(Error.captureStackTrace) {
+    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+  }
+  this.name = 'JsonWebTokenError';
+  this.message = message;
+  if (error) this.inner = error;
+};
+
+JsonWebTokenError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+JsonWebTokenError.prototype.constructor = JsonWebTokenError;
+
+module.exports = JsonWebTokenError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/NotBeforeError.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/NotBeforeError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b30084fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/NotBeforeError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+var JsonWebTokenError = require('./JsonWebTokenError');
+
+var NotBeforeError = function (message, date) {
+  JsonWebTokenError.call(this, message);
+  this.name = 'NotBeforeError';
+  this.date = date;
+};
+
+NotBeforeError.prototype = Object.create(JsonWebTokenError.prototype);
+
+NotBeforeError.prototype.constructor = NotBeforeError;
+
+module.exports = NotBeforeError;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/TokenExpiredError.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/TokenExpiredError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abb704f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/TokenExpiredError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+var JsonWebTokenError = require('./JsonWebTokenError');
+
+var TokenExpiredError = function (message, expiredAt) {
+  JsonWebTokenError.call(this, message);
+  this.name = 'TokenExpiredError';
+  this.expiredAt = expiredAt;
+};
+
+TokenExpiredError.prototype = Object.create(JsonWebTokenError.prototype);
+
+TokenExpiredError.prototype.constructor = TokenExpiredError;
+
+module.exports = TokenExpiredError;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/psSupported.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/psSupported.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c04144a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/psSupported.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+var semver = require('semver');
+
+module.exports = semver.satisfies(process.version, '^6.12.0 || >=8.0.0');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/timespan.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/timespan.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e50986908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/lib/timespan.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+var ms = require('ms');
+
+module.exports = function (time, iat) {
+  var timestamp = iat || Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+
+  if (typeof time === 'string') {
+    var milliseconds = ms(time);
+    if (typeof milliseconds === 'undefined') {
+      return;
+    }
+    return Math.floor(timestamp + milliseconds / 1000);
+  } else if (typeof time === 'number') {
+    return timestamp + time;
+  } else {
+    return;
+  }
+
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/index.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea734fb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var w = d * 7;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function (val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isFinite(val)) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^(-?(?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'weeks':
+    case 'week':
+    case 'w':
+      return n * w;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, d, 'day');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, h, 'hour');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, m, 'minute');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, s, 'second');
+  }
+  return ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, msAbs, n, name) {
+  var isPlural = msAbs >= n * 1.5;
+  return Math.round(ms / n) + ' ' + name + (isPlural ? 's' : '');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/license.md b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa5d39b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Vercel, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/package.json b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f21f9cd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ms@^2.1.1",
+  "_id": "ms@2.1.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-6FlzubTLZG3J2a/NVCAleEhjzq5oxgHyaCU9yYXvcLsvoVaHJq/s5xXI6/XXP6tz7R9xAOtHnSO/tXtF3WRTlA==",
+  "_location": "/jsonwebtoken/ms",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ms@^2.1.1",
+    "name": "ms",
+    "escapedName": "ms",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "574c8138ce1d2b5861f0b44579dbadd60c6615b2",
+  "_spec": "ms@^2.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/vercel/ms/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Tiny millisecond conversion utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "4.18.2",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.14.3",
+    "lint-staged": "5.0.0",
+    "mocha": "4.0.1",
+    "prettier": "2.0.5"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/vercel/ms#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "ms",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/vercel/ms.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fc1abb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/node_modules/ms/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# ms
+
+![CI](https://github.com/vercel/ms/workflows/CI/badge.svg)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+ms('-3 days') // -259200000
+ms('-1h')     // -3600000
+ms('-200')    // -200
+```
+
+### Convert from Milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(-3 * 60000)        // "-3m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time Format Written-Out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(-3 * 60000, { long: true })        // "-3 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`)
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent milliseconds is returned
+
+## Related Packages
+
+- [ms.macro](https://github.com/knpwrs/ms.macro) - Run `ms` as a macro at build-time.
+
+## Caught a Bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, Node.js will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/package.json b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ac9bfef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+{
+  "_from": "jsonwebtoken@^8.5.1",
+  "_id": "jsonwebtoken@8.5.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-XjwVfRS6jTMsqYs0EsuJ4LGxXV14zQybNd4L2r0UvbVnSF9Af8x7p5MzbJ90Ioz/9TI41/hTCvznF/loiSzn8w==",
+  "_location": "/jsonwebtoken",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "jsonwebtoken@^8.5.1",
+    "name": "jsonwebtoken",
+    "escapedName": "jsonwebtoken",
+    "rawSpec": "^8.5.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^8.5.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jsonwebtoken/-/jsonwebtoken-8.5.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "00e71e0b8df54c2121a1f26137df2280673bcc0d",
+  "_spec": "jsonwebtoken@^8.5.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "auth0"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "jws": "^3.2.2",
+    "lodash.includes": "^4.3.0",
+    "lodash.isboolean": "^3.0.3",
+    "lodash.isinteger": "^4.0.4",
+    "lodash.isnumber": "^3.0.3",
+    "lodash.isplainobject": "^4.0.6",
+    "lodash.isstring": "^4.0.1",
+    "lodash.once": "^4.0.0",
+    "ms": "^2.1.1",
+    "semver": "^5.6.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "JSON Web Token implementation (symmetric and asymmetric)",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "atob": "^2.1.2",
+    "chai": "^4.1.2",
+    "conventional-changelog": "~1.1.0",
+    "cost-of-modules": "^1.0.1",
+    "eslint": "^4.19.1",
+    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
+    "nsp": "^2.6.2",
+    "nyc": "^11.9.0",
+    "sinon": "^6.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4",
+    "npm": ">=1.4.28"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib",
+    "decode.js",
+    "sign.js",
+    "verify.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "jwt"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "jsonwebtoken",
+  "nyc": {
+    "check-coverage": true,
+    "lines": 95,
+    "statements": 95,
+    "functions": 100,
+    "branches": 95,
+    "exclude": [
+      "./test/**"
+    ],
+    "reporter": [
+      "json",
+      "lcov",
+      "text-summary"
+    ]
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "nyc mocha --use_strict",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "npm run lint && npm run coverage && cost-of-modules"
+  },
+  "version": "8.5.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/sign.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/sign.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f649ce4ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/sign.js
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+var timespan = require('./lib/timespan');
+var PS_SUPPORTED = require('./lib/psSupported');
+var jws = require('jws');
+var includes = require('lodash.includes');
+var isBoolean = require('lodash.isboolean');
+var isInteger = require('lodash.isinteger');
+var isNumber = require('lodash.isnumber');
+var isPlainObject = require('lodash.isplainobject');
+var isString = require('lodash.isstring');
+var once = require('lodash.once');
+
+var SUPPORTED_ALGS = ['RS256', 'RS384', 'RS512', 'ES256', 'ES384', 'ES512', 'HS256', 'HS384', 'HS512', 'none']
+if (PS_SUPPORTED) {
+  SUPPORTED_ALGS.splice(3, 0, 'PS256', 'PS384', 'PS512');
+}
+
+var sign_options_schema = {
+  expiresIn: { isValid: function(value) { return isInteger(value) || (isString(value) && value); }, message: '"expiresIn" should be a number of seconds or string representing a timespan' },
+  notBefore: { isValid: function(value) { return isInteger(value) || (isString(value) && value); }, message: '"notBefore" should be a number of seconds or string representing a timespan' },
+  audience: { isValid: function(value) { return isString(value) || Array.isArray(value); }, message: '"audience" must be a string or array' },
+  algorithm: { isValid: includes.bind(null, SUPPORTED_ALGS), message: '"algorithm" must be a valid string enum value' },
+  header: { isValid: isPlainObject, message: '"header" must be an object' },
+  encoding: { isValid: isString, message: '"encoding" must be a string' },
+  issuer: { isValid: isString, message: '"issuer" must be a string' },
+  subject: { isValid: isString, message: '"subject" must be a string' },
+  jwtid: { isValid: isString, message: '"jwtid" must be a string' },
+  noTimestamp: { isValid: isBoolean, message: '"noTimestamp" must be a boolean' },
+  keyid: { isValid: isString, message: '"keyid" must be a string' },
+  mutatePayload: { isValid: isBoolean, message: '"mutatePayload" must be a boolean' }
+};
+
+var registered_claims_schema = {
+  iat: { isValid: isNumber, message: '"iat" should be a number of seconds' },
+  exp: { isValid: isNumber, message: '"exp" should be a number of seconds' },
+  nbf: { isValid: isNumber, message: '"nbf" should be a number of seconds' }
+};
+
+function validate(schema, allowUnknown, object, parameterName) {
+  if (!isPlainObject(object)) {
+    throw new Error('Expected "' + parameterName + '" to be a plain object.');
+  }
+  Object.keys(object)
+    .forEach(function(key) {
+      var validator = schema[key];
+      if (!validator) {
+        if (!allowUnknown) {
+          throw new Error('"' + key + '" is not allowed in "' + parameterName + '"');
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!validator.isValid(object[key])) {
+        throw new Error(validator.message);
+      }
+    });
+}
+
+function validateOptions(options) {
+  return validate(sign_options_schema, false, options, 'options');
+}
+
+function validatePayload(payload) {
+  return validate(registered_claims_schema, true, payload, 'payload');
+}
+
+var options_to_payload = {
+  'audience': 'aud',
+  'issuer': 'iss',
+  'subject': 'sub',
+  'jwtid': 'jti'
+};
+
+var options_for_objects = [
+  'expiresIn',
+  'notBefore',
+  'noTimestamp',
+  'audience',
+  'issuer',
+  'subject',
+  'jwtid',
+];
+
+module.exports = function (payload, secretOrPrivateKey, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  } else {
+    options = options || {};
+  }
+
+  var isObjectPayload = typeof payload === 'object' &&
+                        !Buffer.isBuffer(payload);
+
+  var header = Object.assign({
+    alg: options.algorithm || 'HS256',
+    typ: isObjectPayload ? 'JWT' : undefined,
+    kid: options.keyid
+  }, options.header);
+
+  function failure(err) {
+    if (callback) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  if (!secretOrPrivateKey && options.algorithm !== 'none') {
+    return failure(new Error('secretOrPrivateKey must have a value'));
+  }
+
+  if (typeof payload === 'undefined') {
+    return failure(new Error('payload is required'));
+  } else if (isObjectPayload) {
+    try {
+      validatePayload(payload);
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+      return failure(error);
+    }
+    if (!options.mutatePayload) {
+      payload = Object.assign({},payload);
+    }
+  } else {
+    var invalid_options = options_for_objects.filter(function (opt) {
+      return typeof options[opt] !== 'undefined';
+    });
+
+    if (invalid_options.length > 0) {
+      return failure(new Error('invalid ' + invalid_options.join(',') + ' option for ' + (typeof payload ) + ' payload'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof payload.exp !== 'undefined' && typeof options.expiresIn !== 'undefined') {
+    return failure(new Error('Bad "options.expiresIn" option the payload already has an "exp" property.'));
+  }
+
+  if (typeof payload.nbf !== 'undefined' && typeof options.notBefore !== 'undefined') {
+    return failure(new Error('Bad "options.notBefore" option the payload already has an "nbf" property.'));
+  }
+
+  try {
+    validateOptions(options);
+  }
+  catch (error) {
+    return failure(error);
+  }
+
+  var timestamp = payload.iat || Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+
+  if (options.noTimestamp) {
+    delete payload.iat;
+  } else if (isObjectPayload) {
+    payload.iat = timestamp;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options.notBefore !== 'undefined') {
+    try {
+      payload.nbf = timespan(options.notBefore, timestamp);
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+      return failure(err);
+    }
+    if (typeof payload.nbf === 'undefined') {
+      return failure(new Error('"notBefore" should be a number of seconds or string representing a timespan eg: "1d", "20h", 60'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options.expiresIn !== 'undefined' && typeof payload === 'object') {
+    try {
+      payload.exp = timespan(options.expiresIn, timestamp);
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+      return failure(err);
+    }
+    if (typeof payload.exp === 'undefined') {
+      return failure(new Error('"expiresIn" should be a number of seconds or string representing a timespan eg: "1d", "20h", 60'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  Object.keys(options_to_payload).forEach(function (key) {
+    var claim = options_to_payload[key];
+    if (typeof options[key] !== 'undefined') {
+      if (typeof payload[claim] !== 'undefined') {
+        return failure(new Error('Bad "options.' + key + '" option. The payload already has an "' + claim + '" property.'));
+      }
+      payload[claim] = options[key];
+    }
+  });
+
+  var encoding = options.encoding || 'utf8';
+
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    callback = callback && once(callback);
+
+    jws.createSign({
+      header: header,
+      privateKey: secretOrPrivateKey,
+      payload: payload,
+      encoding: encoding
+    }).once('error', callback)
+      .once('done', function (signature) {
+        callback(null, signature);
+      });
+  } else {
+    return jws.sign({header: header, payload: payload, secret: secretOrPrivateKey, encoding: encoding});
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/verify.js b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/verify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1df99f8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jsonwebtoken/verify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+var JsonWebTokenError = require('./lib/JsonWebTokenError');
+var NotBeforeError    = require('./lib/NotBeforeError');
+var TokenExpiredError = require('./lib/TokenExpiredError');
+var decode            = require('./decode');
+var timespan          = require('./lib/timespan');
+var PS_SUPPORTED      = require('./lib/psSupported');
+var jws               = require('jws');
+
+var PUB_KEY_ALGS = ['RS256', 'RS384', 'RS512', 'ES256', 'ES384', 'ES512'];
+var RSA_KEY_ALGS = ['RS256', 'RS384', 'RS512'];
+var HS_ALGS = ['HS256', 'HS384', 'HS512'];
+
+if (PS_SUPPORTED) {
+  PUB_KEY_ALGS.splice(3, 0, 'PS256', 'PS384', 'PS512');
+  RSA_KEY_ALGS.splice(3, 0, 'PS256', 'PS384', 'PS512');
+}
+
+module.exports = function (jwtString, secretOrPublicKey, options, callback) {
+  if ((typeof options === 'function') && !callback) {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  if (!options) {
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  //clone this object since we are going to mutate it.
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  var done;
+
+  if (callback) {
+    done = callback;
+  } else {
+    done = function(err, data) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      return data;
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (options.clockTimestamp && typeof options.clockTimestamp !== 'number') {
+    return done(new JsonWebTokenError('clockTimestamp must be a number'));
+  }
+
+  if (options.nonce !== undefined && (typeof options.nonce !== 'string' || options.nonce.trim() === '')) {
+    return done(new JsonWebTokenError('nonce must be a non-empty string'));
+  }
+
+  var clockTimestamp = options.clockTimestamp || Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+
+  if (!jwtString){
+    return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt must be provided'));
+  }
+
+  if (typeof jwtString !== 'string') {
+    return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt must be a string'));
+  }
+
+  var parts = jwtString.split('.');
+
+  if (parts.length !== 3){
+    return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt malformed'));
+  }
+
+  var decodedToken;
+
+  try {
+    decodedToken = decode(jwtString, { complete: true });
+  } catch(err) {
+    return done(err);
+  }
+
+  if (!decodedToken) {
+    return done(new JsonWebTokenError('invalid token'));
+  }
+
+  var header = decodedToken.header;
+  var getSecret;
+
+  if(typeof secretOrPublicKey === 'function') {
+    if(!callback) {
+      return done(new JsonWebTokenError('verify must be called asynchronous if secret or public key is provided as a callback'));
+    }
+
+    getSecret = secretOrPublicKey;
+  }
+  else {
+    getSecret = function(header, secretCallback) {
+      return secretCallback(null, secretOrPublicKey);
+    };
+  }
+
+  return getSecret(header, function(err, secretOrPublicKey) {
+    if(err) {
+      return done(new JsonWebTokenError('error in secret or public key callback: ' + err.message));
+    }
+
+    var hasSignature = parts[2].trim() !== '';
+
+    if (!hasSignature && secretOrPublicKey){
+      return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt signature is required'));
+    }
+
+    if (hasSignature && !secretOrPublicKey) {
+      return done(new JsonWebTokenError('secret or public key must be provided'));
+    }
+
+    if (!hasSignature && !options.algorithms) {
+      options.algorithms = ['none'];
+    }
+
+    if (!options.algorithms) {
+      options.algorithms = ~secretOrPublicKey.toString().indexOf('BEGIN CERTIFICATE') ||
+        ~secretOrPublicKey.toString().indexOf('BEGIN PUBLIC KEY') ? PUB_KEY_ALGS :
+        ~secretOrPublicKey.toString().indexOf('BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY') ? RSA_KEY_ALGS : HS_ALGS;
+
+    }
+
+    if (!~options.algorithms.indexOf(decodedToken.header.alg)) {
+      return done(new JsonWebTokenError('invalid algorithm'));
+    }
+
+    var valid;
+
+    try {
+      valid = jws.verify(jwtString, decodedToken.header.alg, secretOrPublicKey);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return done(e);
+    }
+
+    if (!valid) {
+      return done(new JsonWebTokenError('invalid signature'));
+    }
+
+    var payload = decodedToken.payload;
+
+    if (typeof payload.nbf !== 'undefined' && !options.ignoreNotBefore) {
+      if (typeof payload.nbf !== 'number') {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('invalid nbf value'));
+      }
+      if (payload.nbf > clockTimestamp + (options.clockTolerance || 0)) {
+        return done(new NotBeforeError('jwt not active', new Date(payload.nbf * 1000)));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (typeof payload.exp !== 'undefined' && !options.ignoreExpiration) {
+      if (typeof payload.exp !== 'number') {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('invalid exp value'));
+      }
+      if (clockTimestamp >= payload.exp + (options.clockTolerance || 0)) {
+        return done(new TokenExpiredError('jwt expired', new Date(payload.exp * 1000)));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.audience) {
+      var audiences = Array.isArray(options.audience) ? options.audience : [options.audience];
+      var target = Array.isArray(payload.aud) ? payload.aud : [payload.aud];
+
+      var match = target.some(function (targetAudience) {
+        return audiences.some(function (audience) {
+          return audience instanceof RegExp ? audience.test(targetAudience) : audience === targetAudience;
+        });
+      });
+
+      if (!match) {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt audience invalid. expected: ' + audiences.join(' or ')));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.issuer) {
+      var invalid_issuer =
+              (typeof options.issuer === 'string' && payload.iss !== options.issuer) ||
+              (Array.isArray(options.issuer) && options.issuer.indexOf(payload.iss) === -1);
+
+      if (invalid_issuer) {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt issuer invalid. expected: ' + options.issuer));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.subject) {
+      if (payload.sub !== options.subject) {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt subject invalid. expected: ' + options.subject));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.jwtid) {
+      if (payload.jti !== options.jwtid) {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt jwtid invalid. expected: ' + options.jwtid));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.nonce) {
+      if (payload.nonce !== options.nonce) {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('jwt nonce invalid. expected: ' + options.nonce));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.maxAge) {
+      if (typeof payload.iat !== 'number') {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('iat required when maxAge is specified'));
+      }
+
+      var maxAgeTimestamp = timespan(options.maxAge, payload.iat);
+      if (typeof maxAgeTimestamp === 'undefined') {
+        return done(new JsonWebTokenError('"maxAge" should be a number of seconds or string representing a timespan eg: "1d", "20h", 60'));
+      }
+      if (clockTimestamp >= maxAgeTimestamp + (options.clockTolerance || 0)) {
+        return done(new TokenExpiredError('maxAge exceeded', new Date(maxAgeTimestamp * 1000)));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.complete === true) {
+      var signature = decodedToken.signature;
+
+      return done(null, {
+        header: header,
+        payload: payload,
+        signature: signature
+      });
+    }
+
+    return done(null, payload);
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jwa/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/jwa/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caeb8495c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jwa/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Copyright (c) 2013 Brian J. Brennan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, 
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the 
+Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, 
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, 
+INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 
+PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jwa/README.md b/backend/node_modules/jwa/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb433e238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jwa/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# node-jwa [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/brianloveswords/node-jwa.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/brianloveswords/node-jwa)
+
+A
+[JSON Web Algorithms](http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-algorithms-08.html)
+implementation focusing (exclusively, at this point) on the algorithms necessary for
+[JSON Web Signatures](http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature.html).
+
+This library supports all of the required, recommended and optional cryptographic algorithms for JWS:
+
+alg Parameter Value | Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm
+----------------|----------------------------
+HS256 | HMAC using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+HS384 | HMAC using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+HS512 | HMAC using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+RS256 | RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+RS384 | RSASSA using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+RS512 | RSASSA using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+PS256 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+PS384 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+PS512 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+ES256 | ECDSA using P-256 curve and SHA-256 hash algorithm
+ES384 | ECDSA using P-384 curve and SHA-384 hash algorithm
+ES512 | ECDSA using P-521 curve and SHA-512 hash algorithm
+none | No digital signature or MAC value included
+
+Please note that PS* only works on Node 6.12+ (excluding 7.x).
+
+# Requirements
+
+In order to run the tests, a recent version of OpenSSL is
+required. **The version that comes with OS X (OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb
+2011) is not recent enough**, as it does not fully support ECDSA
+keys. You'll need to use a version > 1.0.0; I tested with OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012.
+
+# Testing
+
+To run the tests, do
+
+```bash
+$ npm test
+```
+
+This will generate a bunch of keypairs to use in testing. If you want to
+generate new keypairs, do `make clean` before running `npm test` again.
+
+## Methodology
+
+I spawn `openssl dgst -sign` to test OpenSSL sign → JS verify and
+`openssl dgst -verify` to test JS sign → OpenSSL verify for each of the
+RSA and ECDSA algorithms.
+
+# Usage
+
+## jwa(algorithm)
+
+Creates a new `jwa` object with `sign` and `verify` methods for the
+algorithm. Valid values for algorithm can be found in the table above
+(`'HS256'`, `'HS384'`, etc) and are case-insensitive. Passing an invalid
+algorithm value will throw a `TypeError`.
+
+
+## jwa#sign(input, secretOrPrivateKey)
+
+Sign some input with either a secret for HMAC algorithms, or a private
+key for RSA and ECDSA algorithms.
+
+If input is not already a string or buffer, `JSON.stringify` will be
+called on it to attempt to coerce it.
+
+For the HMAC algorithm, `secretOrPrivateKey` should be a string or a
+buffer. For ECDSA and RSA, the value should be a string representing a
+PEM encoded **private** key.
+
+Output [base64url](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64#URL_applications)
+formatted. This is for convenience as JWS expects the signature in this
+format. If your application needs the output in a different format,
+[please open an issue](https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jwa/issues). In
+the meantime, you can use
+[brianloveswords/base64url](https://github.com/brianloveswords/base64url)
+to decode the signature.
+
+As of nodejs *v0.11.8*, SPKAC support was introduce. If your nodeJs
+version satisfies, then you can pass an object `{ key: '..', passphrase: '...' }`
+
+
+## jwa#verify(input, signature, secretOrPublicKey)
+
+Verify a signature. Returns `true` or `false`.
+
+`signature` should be a base64url encoded string.
+
+For the HMAC algorithm, `secretOrPublicKey` should be a string or a
+buffer. For ECDSA and RSA, the value should be a string represented a
+PEM encoded **public** key.
+
+
+# Example
+
+HMAC
+```js
+const jwa = require('jwa');
+
+const hmac = jwa('HS256');
+const input = 'super important stuff';
+const secret = 'shhhhhh';
+
+const signature = hmac.sign(input, secret);
+hmac.verify(input, signature, secret) // === true
+hmac.verify(input, signature, 'trickery!') // === false
+```
+
+With keys
+```js
+const fs = require('fs');
+const jwa = require('jwa');
+const privateKey = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/ecdsa-p521-private.pem');
+const publicKey = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/ecdsa-p521-public.pem');
+
+const ecdsa = jwa('ES512');
+const input = 'very important stuff';
+
+const signature = ecdsa.sign(input, privateKey);
+ecdsa.verify(input, signature, publicKey) // === true
+```
+## License
+
+MIT
+
+```
+Copyright (c) 2013 Brian J. Brennan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jwa/index.js b/backend/node_modules/jwa/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e71e6d19e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jwa/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+var bufferEqual = require('buffer-equal-constant-time');
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+var formatEcdsa = require('ecdsa-sig-formatter');
+var util = require('util');
+
+var MSG_INVALID_ALGORITHM = '"%s" is not a valid algorithm.\n  Supported algorithms are:\n  "HS256", "HS384", "HS512", "RS256", "RS384", "RS512", "PS256", "PS384", "PS512", "ES256", "ES384", "ES512" and "none".'
+var MSG_INVALID_SECRET = 'secret must be a string or buffer';
+var MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY = 'key must be a string or a buffer';
+var MSG_INVALID_SIGNER_KEY = 'key must be a string, a buffer or an object';
+
+var supportsKeyObjects = typeof crypto.createPublicKey === 'function';
+if (supportsKeyObjects) {
+  MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY += ' or a KeyObject';
+  MSG_INVALID_SECRET += 'or a KeyObject';
+}
+
+function checkIsPublicKey(key) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(key)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!supportsKeyObjects) {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key !== 'object') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key.type !== 'string') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key.asymmetricKeyType !== 'string') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key.export !== 'function') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_VERIFIER_KEY);
+  }
+};
+
+function checkIsPrivateKey(key) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(key)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key === 'object') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_SIGNER_KEY);
+};
+
+function checkIsSecretKey(key) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(key)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string') {
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  if (!supportsKeyObjects) {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_SECRET);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key !== 'object') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_SECRET);
+  }
+
+  if (key.type !== 'secret') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_SECRET);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof key.export !== 'function') {
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_SECRET);
+  }
+}
+
+function fromBase64(base64) {
+  return base64
+    .replace(/=/g, '')
+    .replace(/\+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/\//g, '_');
+}
+
+function toBase64(base64url) {
+  base64url = base64url.toString();
+
+  var padding = 4 - base64url.length % 4;
+  if (padding !== 4) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < padding; ++i) {
+      base64url += '=';
+    }
+  }
+
+  return base64url
+    .replace(/\-/g, '+')
+    .replace(/_/g, '/');
+}
+
+function typeError(template) {
+  var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  var errMsg = util.format.bind(util, template).apply(null, args);
+  return new TypeError(errMsg);
+}
+
+function bufferOrString(obj) {
+  return Buffer.isBuffer(obj) || typeof obj === 'string';
+}
+
+function normalizeInput(thing) {
+  if (!bufferOrString(thing))
+    thing = JSON.stringify(thing);
+  return thing;
+}
+
+function createHmacSigner(bits) {
+  return function sign(thing, secret) {
+    checkIsSecretKey(secret);
+    thing = normalizeInput(thing);
+    var hmac = crypto.createHmac('sha' + bits, secret);
+    var sig = (hmac.update(thing), hmac.digest('base64'))
+    return fromBase64(sig);
+  }
+}
+
+function createHmacVerifier(bits) {
+  return function verify(thing, signature, secret) {
+    var computedSig = createHmacSigner(bits)(thing, secret);
+    return bufferEqual(Buffer.from(signature), Buffer.from(computedSig));
+  }
+}
+
+function createKeySigner(bits) {
+ return function sign(thing, privateKey) {
+    checkIsPrivateKey(privateKey);
+    thing = normalizeInput(thing);
+    // Even though we are specifying "RSA" here, this works with ECDSA
+    // keys as well.
+    var signer = crypto.createSign('RSA-SHA' + bits);
+    var sig = (signer.update(thing), signer.sign(privateKey, 'base64'));
+    return fromBase64(sig);
+  }
+}
+
+function createKeyVerifier(bits) {
+  return function verify(thing, signature, publicKey) {
+    checkIsPublicKey(publicKey);
+    thing = normalizeInput(thing);
+    signature = toBase64(signature);
+    var verifier = crypto.createVerify('RSA-SHA' + bits);
+    verifier.update(thing);
+    return verifier.verify(publicKey, signature, 'base64');
+  }
+}
+
+function createPSSKeySigner(bits) {
+  return function sign(thing, privateKey) {
+    checkIsPrivateKey(privateKey);
+    thing = normalizeInput(thing);
+    var signer = crypto.createSign('RSA-SHA' + bits);
+    var sig = (signer.update(thing), signer.sign({
+      key: privateKey,
+      padding: crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING,
+      saltLength: crypto.constants.RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST
+    }, 'base64'));
+    return fromBase64(sig);
+  }
+}
+
+function createPSSKeyVerifier(bits) {
+  return function verify(thing, signature, publicKey) {
+    checkIsPublicKey(publicKey);
+    thing = normalizeInput(thing);
+    signature = toBase64(signature);
+    var verifier = crypto.createVerify('RSA-SHA' + bits);
+    verifier.update(thing);
+    return verifier.verify({
+      key: publicKey,
+      padding: crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING,
+      saltLength: crypto.constants.RSA_PSS_SALTLEN_DIGEST
+    }, signature, 'base64');
+  }
+}
+
+function createECDSASigner(bits) {
+  var inner = createKeySigner(bits);
+  return function sign() {
+    var signature = inner.apply(null, arguments);
+    signature = formatEcdsa.derToJose(signature, 'ES' + bits);
+    return signature;
+  };
+}
+
+function createECDSAVerifer(bits) {
+  var inner = createKeyVerifier(bits);
+  return function verify(thing, signature, publicKey) {
+    signature = formatEcdsa.joseToDer(signature, 'ES' + bits).toString('base64');
+    var result = inner(thing, signature, publicKey);
+    return result;
+  };
+}
+
+function createNoneSigner() {
+  return function sign() {
+    return '';
+  }
+}
+
+function createNoneVerifier() {
+  return function verify(thing, signature) {
+    return signature === '';
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = function jwa(algorithm) {
+  var signerFactories = {
+    hs: createHmacSigner,
+    rs: createKeySigner,
+    ps: createPSSKeySigner,
+    es: createECDSASigner,
+    none: createNoneSigner,
+  }
+  var verifierFactories = {
+    hs: createHmacVerifier,
+    rs: createKeyVerifier,
+    ps: createPSSKeyVerifier,
+    es: createECDSAVerifer,
+    none: createNoneVerifier,
+  }
+  var match = algorithm.match(/^(RS|PS|ES|HS)(256|384|512)$|^(none)$/i);
+  if (!match)
+    throw typeError(MSG_INVALID_ALGORITHM, algorithm);
+  var algo = (match[1] || match[3]).toLowerCase();
+  var bits = match[2];
+
+  return {
+    sign: signerFactories[algo](bits),
+    verify: verifierFactories[algo](bits),
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jwa/package.json b/backend/node_modules/jwa/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3647e9e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jwa/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "jwa@^1.4.1",
+  "_id": "jwa@1.4.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-qiLX/xhEEFKUAJ6FiBMbes3w9ATzyk5W7Hvzpa/SLYdxNtng+gcurvrI7TbACjIXlsJyr05/S1oUhZrc63evQA==",
+  "_location": "/jwa",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "jwa@^1.4.1",
+    "name": "jwa",
+    "escapedName": "jwa",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.4.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.4.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jws"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jwa/-/jwa-1.4.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "743c32985cb9e98655530d53641b66c8645b039a",
+  "_spec": "jwa@^1.4.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jws",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Brian J. Brennan",
+    "email": "brianloveswords@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jwa/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "buffer-equal-constant-time": "1.0.1",
+    "ecdsa-sig-formatter": "1.0.11",
+    "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "JWA implementation (supports all JWS algorithms)",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "base64url": "^2.0.0",
+    "jwk-to-pem": "^2.0.1",
+    "semver": "4.3.6",
+    "tap": "6.2.0"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jwa#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "jwa",
+    "jws",
+    "jwt",
+    "rsa",
+    "ecdsa",
+    "hmac"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "jwa",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jwa.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "make test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.4.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/jws/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af8fc2876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Change Log
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+## [3.0.0]
+### Changed
+- **BREAKING**: `jwt.verify` now requires an `algorithm` parameter, and
+  `jws.createVerify` requires an `algorithm` option. The `"alg"` field
+  signature headers is ignored. This mitigates a critical security flaw
+  in the library which would allow an attacker to generate signatures with
+  arbitrary contents that would be accepted by `jwt.verify`. See
+  https://auth0.com/blog/2015/03/31/critical-vulnerabilities-in-json-web-token-libraries/
+  for details.
+
+## [2.0.0] - 2015-01-30
+### Changed
+- **BREAKING**: Default payload encoding changed from `binary` to
+  `utf8`. `utf8` is a is a more sensible default than `binary` because
+  many payloads, as far as I can tell, will contain user-facing
+  strings that could be in any language. (<code>[6b6de48]</code>)
+
+- Code reorganization, thanks [@fearphage]! (<code>[7880050]</code>)
+
+### Added
+- Option in all relevant methods for `encoding`. For those few users
+  that might be depending on a `binary` encoding of the messages, this
+  is for them. (<code>[6b6de48]</code>)
+
+[unreleased]: https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws/compare/v2.0.0...HEAD
+[2.0.0]: https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws/compare/v1.0.1...v2.0.0
+
+[7880050]: https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws/commit/7880050
+[6b6de48]: https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws/commit/6b6de48
+
+[@fearphage]: https://github.com/fearphage
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/jws/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caeb8495c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Copyright (c) 2013 Brian J. Brennan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, 
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the 
+Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, 
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, 
+INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 
+PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/index.js b/backend/node_modules/jws/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c8da9304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*global exports*/
+var SignStream = require('./lib/sign-stream');
+var VerifyStream = require('./lib/verify-stream');
+
+var ALGORITHMS = [
+  'HS256', 'HS384', 'HS512',
+  'RS256', 'RS384', 'RS512',
+  'PS256', 'PS384', 'PS512',
+  'ES256', 'ES384', 'ES512'
+];
+
+exports.ALGORITHMS = ALGORITHMS;
+exports.sign = SignStream.sign;
+exports.verify = VerifyStream.verify;
+exports.decode = VerifyStream.decode;
+exports.isValid = VerifyStream.isValid;
+exports.createSign = function createSign(opts) {
+  return new SignStream(opts);
+};
+exports.createVerify = function createVerify(opts) {
+  return new VerifyStream(opts);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/data-stream.js b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/data-stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3535d31d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/data-stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*global module, process*/
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var Stream = require('stream');
+var util = require('util');
+
+function DataStream(data) {
+  this.buffer = null;
+  this.writable = true;
+  this.readable = true;
+
+  // No input
+  if (!data) {
+    this.buffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Stream
+  if (typeof data.pipe === 'function') {
+    this.buffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
+    data.pipe(this);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Buffer or String
+  // or Object (assumedly a passworded key)
+  if (data.length || typeof data === 'object') {
+    this.buffer = data;
+    this.writable = false;
+    process.nextTick(function () {
+      this.emit('end', data);
+      this.readable = false;
+      this.emit('close');
+    }.bind(this));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('Unexpected data type ('+ typeof data + ')');
+}
+util.inherits(DataStream, Stream);
+
+DataStream.prototype.write = function write(data) {
+  this.buffer = Buffer.concat([this.buffer, Buffer.from(data)]);
+  this.emit('data', data);
+};
+
+DataStream.prototype.end = function end(data) {
+  if (data)
+    this.write(data);
+  this.emit('end', data);
+  this.emit('close');
+  this.writable = false;
+  this.readable = false;
+};
+
+module.exports = DataStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/sign-stream.js b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/sign-stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a7ee42f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/sign-stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*global module*/
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var DataStream = require('./data-stream');
+var jwa = require('jwa');
+var Stream = require('stream');
+var toString = require('./tostring');
+var util = require('util');
+
+function base64url(string, encoding) {
+  return Buffer
+    .from(string, encoding)
+    .toString('base64')
+    .replace(/=/g, '')
+    .replace(/\+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/\//g, '_');
+}
+
+function jwsSecuredInput(header, payload, encoding) {
+  encoding = encoding || 'utf8';
+  var encodedHeader = base64url(toString(header), 'binary');
+  var encodedPayload = base64url(toString(payload), encoding);
+  return util.format('%s.%s', encodedHeader, encodedPayload);
+}
+
+function jwsSign(opts) {
+  var header = opts.header;
+  var payload = opts.payload;
+  var secretOrKey = opts.secret || opts.privateKey;
+  var encoding = opts.encoding;
+  var algo = jwa(header.alg);
+  var securedInput = jwsSecuredInput(header, payload, encoding);
+  var signature = algo.sign(securedInput, secretOrKey);
+  return util.format('%s.%s', securedInput, signature);
+}
+
+function SignStream(opts) {
+  var secret = opts.secret||opts.privateKey||opts.key;
+  var secretStream = new DataStream(secret);
+  this.readable = true;
+  this.header = opts.header;
+  this.encoding = opts.encoding;
+  this.secret = this.privateKey = this.key = secretStream;
+  this.payload = new DataStream(opts.payload);
+  this.secret.once('close', function () {
+    if (!this.payload.writable && this.readable)
+      this.sign();
+  }.bind(this));
+
+  this.payload.once('close', function () {
+    if (!this.secret.writable && this.readable)
+      this.sign();
+  }.bind(this));
+}
+util.inherits(SignStream, Stream);
+
+SignStream.prototype.sign = function sign() {
+  try {
+    var signature = jwsSign({
+      header: this.header,
+      payload: this.payload.buffer,
+      secret: this.secret.buffer,
+      encoding: this.encoding
+    });
+    this.emit('done', signature);
+    this.emit('data', signature);
+    this.emit('end');
+    this.readable = false;
+    return signature;
+  } catch (e) {
+    this.readable = false;
+    this.emit('error', e);
+    this.emit('close');
+  }
+};
+
+SignStream.sign = jwsSign;
+
+module.exports = SignStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/tostring.js b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/tostring.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5a49a365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/tostring.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/*global module*/
+var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+
+module.exports = function toString(obj) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'string')
+    return obj;
+  if (typeof obj === 'number' || Buffer.isBuffer(obj))
+    return obj.toString();
+  return JSON.stringify(obj);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/verify-stream.js b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/verify-stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39f7c73e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/lib/verify-stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*global module*/
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var DataStream = require('./data-stream');
+var jwa = require('jwa');
+var Stream = require('stream');
+var toString = require('./tostring');
+var util = require('util');
+var JWS_REGEX = /^[a-zA-Z0-9\-_]+?\.[a-zA-Z0-9\-_]+?\.([a-zA-Z0-9\-_]+)?$/;
+
+function isObject(thing) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(thing) === '[object Object]';
+}
+
+function safeJsonParse(thing) {
+  if (isObject(thing))
+    return thing;
+  try { return JSON.parse(thing); }
+  catch (e) { return undefined; }
+}
+
+function headerFromJWS(jwsSig) {
+  var encodedHeader = jwsSig.split('.', 1)[0];
+  return safeJsonParse(Buffer.from(encodedHeader, 'base64').toString('binary'));
+}
+
+function securedInputFromJWS(jwsSig) {
+  return jwsSig.split('.', 2).join('.');
+}
+
+function signatureFromJWS(jwsSig) {
+  return jwsSig.split('.')[2];
+}
+
+function payloadFromJWS(jwsSig, encoding) {
+  encoding = encoding || 'utf8';
+  var payload = jwsSig.split('.')[1];
+  return Buffer.from(payload, 'base64').toString(encoding);
+}
+
+function isValidJws(string) {
+  return JWS_REGEX.test(string) && !!headerFromJWS(string);
+}
+
+function jwsVerify(jwsSig, algorithm, secretOrKey) {
+  if (!algorithm) {
+    var err = new Error("Missing algorithm parameter for jws.verify");
+    err.code = "MISSING_ALGORITHM";
+    throw err;
+  }
+  jwsSig = toString(jwsSig);
+  var signature = signatureFromJWS(jwsSig);
+  var securedInput = securedInputFromJWS(jwsSig);
+  var algo = jwa(algorithm);
+  return algo.verify(securedInput, signature, secretOrKey);
+}
+
+function jwsDecode(jwsSig, opts) {
+  opts = opts || {};
+  jwsSig = toString(jwsSig);
+
+  if (!isValidJws(jwsSig))
+    return null;
+
+  var header = headerFromJWS(jwsSig);
+
+  if (!header)
+    return null;
+
+  var payload = payloadFromJWS(jwsSig);
+  if (header.typ === 'JWT' || opts.json)
+    payload = JSON.parse(payload, opts.encoding);
+
+  return {
+    header: header,
+    payload: payload,
+    signature: signatureFromJWS(jwsSig)
+  };
+}
+
+function VerifyStream(opts) {
+  opts = opts || {};
+  var secretOrKey = opts.secret||opts.publicKey||opts.key;
+  var secretStream = new DataStream(secretOrKey);
+  this.readable = true;
+  this.algorithm = opts.algorithm;
+  this.encoding = opts.encoding;
+  this.secret = this.publicKey = this.key = secretStream;
+  this.signature = new DataStream(opts.signature);
+  this.secret.once('close', function () {
+    if (!this.signature.writable && this.readable)
+      this.verify();
+  }.bind(this));
+
+  this.signature.once('close', function () {
+    if (!this.secret.writable && this.readable)
+      this.verify();
+  }.bind(this));
+}
+util.inherits(VerifyStream, Stream);
+VerifyStream.prototype.verify = function verify() {
+  try {
+    var valid = jwsVerify(this.signature.buffer, this.algorithm, this.key.buffer);
+    var obj = jwsDecode(this.signature.buffer, this.encoding);
+    this.emit('done', valid, obj);
+    this.emit('data', valid);
+    this.emit('end');
+    this.readable = false;
+    return valid;
+  } catch (e) {
+    this.readable = false;
+    this.emit('error', e);
+    this.emit('close');
+  }
+};
+
+VerifyStream.decode = jwsDecode;
+VerifyStream.isValid = isValidJws;
+VerifyStream.verify = jwsVerify;
+
+module.exports = VerifyStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/package.json b/backend/node_modules/jws/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de9eb1827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "_from": "jws@^3.2.2",
+  "_id": "jws@3.2.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-YHlZCB6lMTllWDtSPHz/ZXTsi8S00usEV6v1tjq8tOUZzw7DpSDWVXjXDre6ed1w/pd495ODpHZYSdkRTsa0HA==",
+  "_location": "/jws",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "jws@^3.2.2",
+    "name": "jws",
+    "escapedName": "jws",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.2.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.2.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jws/-/jws-3.2.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "001099f3639468c9414000e99995fa52fb478304",
+  "_spec": "jws@^3.2.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Brian J Brennan"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "jwa": "^1.4.1",
+    "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Implementation of JSON Web Signatures",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "semver": "^5.1.0",
+    "tape": "~2.14.0"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "gitHead": "c0f6b27bcea5a2ad2e304d91c2e842e4076a6b03",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "jws",
+    "json",
+    "web",
+    "signatures"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "jws",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "make test"
+  },
+  "version": "3.2.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/jws/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/jws/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1910c9a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/jws/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# node-jws [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/brianloveswords/node-jws.png)](http://travis-ci.org/brianloveswords/node-jws)
+
+An implementation of [JSON Web Signatures](http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature.html).
+
+This was developed against `draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature-08` and
+implements the entire spec **except** X.509 Certificate Chain
+signing/verifying (patches welcome).
+
+There are both synchronous (`jws.sign`, `jws.verify`) and streaming
+(`jws.createSign`, `jws.createVerify`) APIs.
+
+# Install
+
+```bash
+$ npm install jws
+```
+
+# Usage
+
+## jws.ALGORITHMS
+
+Array of supported algorithms. The following algorithms are currently supported.
+
+alg Parameter Value | Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm
+----------------|----------------------------
+HS256 | HMAC using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+HS384 | HMAC using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+HS512 | HMAC using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+RS256 | RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+RS384 | RSASSA using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+RS512 | RSASSA using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+PS256 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-256 hash algorithm
+PS384 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-384 hash algorithm
+PS512 | RSASSA-PSS using SHA-512 hash algorithm
+ES256 | ECDSA using P-256 curve and SHA-256 hash algorithm
+ES384 | ECDSA using P-384 curve and SHA-384 hash algorithm
+ES512 | ECDSA using P-521 curve and SHA-512 hash algorithm
+none | No digital signature or MAC value included
+
+## jws.sign(options)
+
+(Synchronous) Return a JSON Web Signature for a header and a payload.
+
+Options:
+
+* `header`
+* `payload`
+* `secret` or `privateKey`
+* `encoding` (Optional, defaults to 'utf8')
+
+`header` must be an object with an `alg` property. `header.alg` must be
+one a value found in `jws.ALGORITHMS`. See above for a table of
+supported algorithms.
+
+If `payload` is not a buffer or a string, it will be coerced into a string
+using `JSON.stringify`.
+
+Example
+
+```js
+const signature = jws.sign({
+  header: { alg: 'HS256' },
+  payload: 'h. jon benjamin',
+  secret: 'has a van',
+});
+```
+
+## jws.verify(signature, algorithm, secretOrKey)
+
+(Synchronous) Returns `true` or `false` for whether a signature matches a
+secret or key.
+
+`signature` is a JWS Signature. `header.alg` must be a value found in `jws.ALGORITHMS`.
+See above for a table of supported algorithms. `secretOrKey` is a string or
+buffer containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms, or the PEM
+encoded public key for RSA and ECDSA.
+
+Note that the `"alg"` value from the signature header is ignored.
+
+
+## jws.decode(signature)
+
+(Synchronous) Returns the decoded header, decoded payload, and signature
+parts of the JWS Signature.
+
+Returns an object with three properties, e.g.
+```js
+{ header: { alg: 'HS256' },
+  payload: 'h. jon benjamin',
+  signature: 'YOWPewyGHKu4Y_0M_vtlEnNlqmFOclqp4Hy6hVHfFT4'
+}
+```
+
+## jws.createSign(options)
+
+Returns a new SignStream object.
+
+Options:
+
+* `header` (required)
+* `payload`
+* `key` || `privateKey` || `secret`
+* `encoding` (Optional, defaults to 'utf8')
+
+Other than `header`, all options expect a string or a buffer when the
+value is known ahead of time, or a stream for convenience.
+`key`/`privateKey`/`secret` may also be an object when using an encrypted
+private key, see the [crypto documentation][encrypted-key-docs].
+
+Example:
+
+```js
+
+// This...
+jws.createSign({
+  header: { alg: 'RS256' },
+  privateKey: privateKeyStream,
+  payload: payloadStream,
+}).on('done', function(signature) {
+  // ...
+});
+
+// is equivalent to this:
+const signer = jws.createSign({
+  header: { alg: 'RS256' },
+});
+privateKeyStream.pipe(signer.privateKey);
+payloadStream.pipe(signer.payload);
+signer.on('done', function(signature) {
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
+## jws.createVerify(options)
+
+Returns a new VerifyStream object.
+
+Options:
+
+* `signature`
+* `algorithm`
+* `key` || `publicKey` || `secret`
+* `encoding` (Optional, defaults to 'utf8')
+
+All options expect a string or a buffer when the value is known ahead of
+time, or a stream for convenience.
+
+Example:
+
+```js
+
+// This...
+jws.createVerify({
+  publicKey: pubKeyStream,
+  signature: sigStream,
+}).on('done', function(verified, obj) {
+  // ...
+});
+
+// is equivilant to this:
+const verifier = jws.createVerify();
+pubKeyStream.pipe(verifier.publicKey);
+sigStream.pipe(verifier.signature);
+verifier.on('done', function(verified, obj) {
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
+## Class: SignStream
+
+A `Readable Stream` that emits a single data event (the calculated
+signature) when done.
+
+### Event: 'done'
+`function (signature) { }`
+
+### signer.payload
+
+A `Writable Stream` that expects the JWS payload. Do *not* use if you
+passed a `payload` option to the constructor.
+
+Example:
+
+```js
+payloadStream.pipe(signer.payload);
+```
+
+### signer.secret<br>signer.key<br>signer.privateKey
+
+A `Writable Stream`. Expects the JWS secret for HMAC, or the privateKey
+for ECDSA and RSA. Do *not* use if you passed a `secret` or `key` option
+to the constructor.
+
+Example:
+
+```js
+privateKeyStream.pipe(signer.privateKey);
+```
+
+## Class: VerifyStream
+
+This is a `Readable Stream` that emits a single data event, the result
+of whether or not that signature was valid.
+
+### Event: 'done'
+`function (valid, obj) { }`
+
+`valid` is a boolean for whether or not the signature is valid.
+
+### verifier.signature
+
+A `Writable Stream` that expects a JWS Signature. Do *not* use if you
+passed a `signature` option to the constructor.
+
+### verifier.secret<br>verifier.key<br>verifier.publicKey
+
+A `Writable Stream` that expects a public key or secret. Do *not* use if you
+passed a `key` or `secret` option to the constructor.
+
+# TODO
+
+* It feels like there should be some convenience options/APIs for
+  defining the algorithm rather than having to define a header object
+  with `{ alg: 'ES512' }` or whatever every time.
+
+* X.509 support, ugh
+
+# License
+
+MIT
+
+```
+Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Brian J. Brennan
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+```
+
+[encrypted-key-docs]: https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html#crypto_sign_sign_private_key_output_format
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/kareem/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a388b901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "12"
+  - "10"
+  - "9"
+  - "8"
+  - "7"
+  - "6"
+  - "5"
+  - "4"
+script: "npm run-script test-travis"
+after_script: "npm install coveralls@2.10.0 && cat ./coverage/lcov.info | coveralls"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/kareem/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0cbb5221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+# Changelog
+
+<a name="2.3.2"></a>
+## 2.3.2 (2020-12-08)
+
+* fix: handle sync errors in pre hooks if there are multiple hooks
+
+<a name="2.3.0"></a>
+## 2.3.0 (2018-09-24)
+
+* chore(release): 2.2.3 ([c8f2695](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c8f2695))
+* chore(release): 2.2.4 ([a377a4f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/a377a4f))
+* chore(release): 2.2.5 ([5a495e3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5a495e3))
+* fix(filter): copy async pres correctly with `filter()` ([1b1ed8a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1b1ed8a)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3054](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3054)
+* feat: add filter() function ([1f641f4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1f641f4))
+* feat: support storing options on pre and post hooks ([59220b9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/59220b9))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.3"></a>
+## <small>2.2.3 (2018-09-10)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.2.3 ([af653a3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/af653a3))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.2"></a>
+## <small>2.2.2 (2018-09-10)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.2.2 ([3f0144d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3f0144d))
+* fix: allow merge() to not clone ([e628d65](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e628d65))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.1"></a>
+## <small>2.2.1 (2018-06-05)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.2.1 ([4625a64](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4625a64))
+* chore: remove lockfile from git ([7f3e4e6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7f3e4e6))
+* fix: handle numAsync correctly when merging ([fef8e7e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fef8e7e))
+* test: repro issue with not copying numAsync ([952d9db](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/952d9db))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.0"></a>
+## 2.2.0 (2018-06-05)
+
+* chore: release 2.2.0 ([ff9ad03](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ff9ad03))
+* fix: use maps instead of objects for _pres and _posts so `toString()` doesn't get reported as having ([55df303](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/55df303)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6538](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6538)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.1.0"></a>
+## 2.1.0 (2018-05-16)
+
+* chore: release 2.1.0 ([ba5f1bc](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ba5f1bc))
+* feat: add option to check wrapped function return value for promises ([c9d7dd1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c9d7dd1))
+* refactor: use const in wrap() ([0fc21f9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/0fc21f9))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.7"></a>
+## <small>2.0.7 (2018-04-28)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.7 ([0bf91e6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/0bf91e6))
+* feat: add `hasHooks()` ([225f18d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/225f18d)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6385](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6385)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.6"></a>
+## <small>2.0.6 (2018-03-22)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.6 ([f3d406b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f3d406b))
+* fix(wrap): ensure fast path still wraps function in `nextTick()` for chaining ([7000494](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7000494)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6250](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6250) [dsanel/mongoose-delete#36](https://github.com/dsanel/mongoose-delete/issues/36)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.5"></a>
+## <small>2.0.5 (2018-02-22)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.5 ([3286612](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3286612))
+* perf(createWrapper): don't create wrapper if there are no hooks ([5afc5b9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5afc5b9)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6126](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6126)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.4"></a>
+## <small>2.0.4 (2018-02-08)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.4 ([2ab0293](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/2ab0293))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.3"></a>
+## <small>2.0.3 (2018-02-01)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.3 ([3c1abe5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3c1abe5))
+* fix: use process.nextTick() re: Automattic/mongoose#6074 ([e5bfe33](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e5bfe33)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6074](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6074)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.2"></a>
+## <small>2.0.2 (2018-01-24)</small>
+
+* chore: fix license ([a9d755c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/a9d755c)), closes [#10](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/10)
+* chore: release 2.0.2 ([fe87ab6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fe87ab6))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.1"></a>
+## <small>2.0.1 (2018-01-09)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.1 with lockfile bump ([09c44fb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/09c44fb))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0"></a>
+## 2.0.0 (2018-01-09)
+
+* chore: bump marked re: security ([cc564a9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/cc564a9))
+* chore: release 2.0.0 ([f511d1c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f511d1c))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc5"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc5 (2017-12-23)
+
+* chore: fix build on node 4+5 ([6dac5a4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6dac5a4))
+* chore: fix built on node 4 + 5 again ([434ef0a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/434ef0a))
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc5 ([25a32ee](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/25a32ee))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc4"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc4 (2017-12-22)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc4 ([49fc083](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/49fc083))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: deduplicate when merging hooks re: Automattic/mongoose#2945 ([d458573](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d458573)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#2945](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/2945)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc3"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc3 (2017-12-22)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc3 ([adaaa00](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/adaaa00))
+* feat: support returning promises from middleware functions ([05b4480](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/05b4480)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3779](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3779)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc2"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc2 (2017-12-21)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc2 ([76325fa](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/76325fa))
+* fix: ensure next() and done() run in next tick ([6c20684](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6c20684))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc1"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc1 (2017-12-21)
+
+* chore: improve test coverage re: Automattic/mongoose#3232 ([7b45cf0](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7b45cf0)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3232](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3232)
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc1 ([9b83f52](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9b83f52))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: report sync exceptions as errors, only allow calling next() and done() once ([674adcc](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/674adcc)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3483](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3483)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc0"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc0 (2017-12-17)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc0 ([16b44b5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/16b44b5))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: drop support for node < 4 ([9cbb8c7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9cbb8c7))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: remove useLegacyPost and add several new features ([6dd8531](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6dd8531)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3232](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3232)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.5.0"></a>
+## 1.5.0 (2017-07-20)
+
+* chore: release 1.5.0 ([9c491a0](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9c491a0))
+* fix: improve post error handlers results ([9928dd5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9928dd5)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#5466](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/5466)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.2"></a>
+## <small>1.4.2 (2017-07-06)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.4.2 ([8d14ac5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/8d14ac5))
+* fix: correct args re: Automattic/mongoose#5405 ([3f28ae6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3f28ae6)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#5405](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/5405)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.1"></a>
+## <small>1.4.1 (2017-04-25)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.4.1 ([5ecf0c2](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5ecf0c2))
+* fix: handle numAsyncPres with clone() ([c72e857](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c72e857)), closes [#8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/8)
+* test: repro #8 ([9b4d6b2](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9b4d6b2)), closes [#8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/8)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.0"></a>
+## 1.4.0 (2017-04-19)
+
+* chore: release 1.4.0 ([101c5f5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/101c5f5))
+* feat: add merge() function ([285325e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/285325e))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.3.0"></a>
+## 1.3.0 (2017-03-26)
+
+* chore: release 1.3.0 ([f3a9e50](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f3a9e50))
+* feat: pass function args to execPre ([4dd466d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4dd466d))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.2.1"></a>
+## <small>1.2.1 (2017-02-03)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.2.1 ([d97081f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d97081f))
+* fix: filter out _kareemIgnored args for error handlers re: Automattic/mongoose#4925 ([ddc7aeb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ddc7aeb)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#4925](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4925)
+* fix: make error handlers handle errors in pre hooks ([af38033](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/af38033)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#4927](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4927)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.2.0"></a>
+## 1.2.0 (2017-01-02)
+
+* chore: release 1.2.0 ([033225c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/033225c))
+* chore: upgrade deps ([f9e9a09](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f9e9a09))
+* feat: add _kareemIgnore re: Automattic/mongoose#4836 ([7957771](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7957771)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#4836](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4836)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.5"></a>
+## <small>1.1.5 (2016-12-13)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.5 ([1a9f684](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1a9f684))
+* fix: correct field name ([04a0e9d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/04a0e9d))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.4"></a>
+## <small>1.1.4 (2016-12-09)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.4 ([ece401c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ece401c))
+* chore: run tests on node 6 ([e0cb1cb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e0cb1cb))
+* fix: only copy own properties in clone() ([dfe28ce](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/dfe28ce)), closes [#7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/7)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.3"></a>
+## <small>1.1.3 (2016-06-27)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.3 ([87171c8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/87171c8))
+* fix: couple more issues with arg processing ([c65f523](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c65f523))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.2"></a>
+## <small>1.1.2 (2016-06-27)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.2 ([8e102b6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/8e102b6))
+* fix: add early return ([4feda4e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4feda4e))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.1"></a>
+## <small>1.1.1 (2016-06-27)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.1 ([8bb3050](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/8bb3050))
+* fix: skip error handlers if no error ([0eb3a44](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/0eb3a44))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.0"></a>
+## 1.1.0 (2016-05-11)
+
+* chore: release 1.1.0 ([85332d9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/85332d9))
+* chore: test on node 4 and node 5 ([1faefa1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1faefa1))
+* 100% coverage again ([c9aee4e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c9aee4e))
+* add support for error post hooks ([d378113](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d378113))
+* basic setup for sync hooks #4 ([55aa081](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/55aa081)), closes [#4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/4)
+* proof of concept for error handlers ([e4a07d9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e4a07d9))
+* refactor out handleWrapError helper ([b19af38](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/b19af38))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.1"></a>
+## <small>1.0.1 (2015-05-10)</small>
+
+* Fix #1 ([de60dc6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/de60dc6)), closes [#1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/1)
+* release 1.0.1 ([6971088](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6971088))
+* Run tests on iojs in travis ([adcd201](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/adcd201))
+* support legacy post hook behavior in wrap() ([23fa74c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/23fa74c))
+* Use node 0.12 in travis ([834689d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/834689d))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.0"></a>
+## 1.0.0 (2015-01-28)
+
+* Tag 1.0.0 ([4c5a35a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4c5a35a))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.8"></a>
+## <small>0.0.8 (2015-01-27)</small>
+
+* Add clone function ([688bba7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/688bba7))
+* Add jscs for style checking ([5c93149](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5c93149))
+* Bump 0.0.8 ([03c0d2f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/03c0d2f))
+* Fix jscs config, add gulp rules ([9989abf](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9989abf))
+* fix Makefile typo ([1f7e61a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1f7e61a))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.7"></a>
+## <small>0.0.7 (2015-01-04)</small>
+
+* Bump 0.0.7 ([98ef173](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/98ef173))
+* fix LearnBoost/mongoose#2553 - use null instead of undefined for err ([9157b48](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9157b48)), closes [LearnBoost/mongoose#2553](https://github.com/LearnBoost/mongoose/issues/2553)
+* Regenerate docs ([2331cdf](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/2331cdf))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.6"></a>
+## <small>0.0.6 (2015-01-01)</small>
+
+* Update docs and bump 0.0.6 ([92c12a7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/92c12a7))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.5"></a>
+## <small>0.0.5 (2015-01-01)</small>
+
+* Add coverage rule to Makefile ([825a91c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/825a91c))
+* Add coveralls to README ([fb52369](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fb52369))
+* Add coveralls to travis ([93f6f15](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/93f6f15))
+* Add createWrapper() function ([ea77741](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ea77741))
+* Add istanbul code coverage ([6eceeef](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6eceeef))
+* Add some more comments for examples ([c5b0c6f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c5b0c6f))
+* Add travis ([e6dcb06](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e6dcb06))
+* Add travis badge to docs ([ad8c9b3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ad8c9b3))
+* Add wrap() tests, 100% coverage ([6945be4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6945be4))
+* Better test coverage for execPost ([d9ad539](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d9ad539))
+* Bump 0.0.5 ([69875b1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/69875b1))
+* Docs fix ([15b7098](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/15b7098))
+* Fix silly mistake in docs generation ([50373eb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/50373eb))
+* Fix typo in readme ([fec4925](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fec4925))
+* Linkify travis badge ([92b25fe](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/92b25fe))
+* Make travis run coverage ([747157b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/747157b))
+* Move travis status badge ([d52e89b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d52e89b))
+* Quick fix for coverage ([50bbddb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/50bbddb))
+* Typo fix ([adea794](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/adea794))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.4"></a>
+## <small>0.0.4 (2014-12-13)</small>
+
+* Bump 0.0.4, run docs generation ([51a15fe](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/51a15fe))
+* Use correct post parameters in wrap() ([9bb5da3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9bb5da3))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.3"></a>
+## <small>0.0.3 (2014-12-12)</small>
+
+* Add npm test script, fix small bug with args not getting passed through post ([49e3e68](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/49e3e68))
+* Bump 0.0.3 ([65621d8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/65621d8))
+* Update readme ([901388b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/901388b))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.2"></a>
+## <small>0.0.2 (2014-12-12)</small>
+
+* Add github repo and bump 0.0.2 ([59db8be](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/59db8be))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.1"></a>
+## <small>0.0.1 (2014-12-12)</small>
+
+* Add basic docs ([ad29ea4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ad29ea4))
+* Add pre hooks ([2ffc356](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/2ffc356))
+* Add wrap function ([68c540c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/68c540c))
+* Bump to version 0.0.1 ([a4bfd68](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/a4bfd68))
+* Initial commit ([4002458](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4002458))
+* Initial deposit ([98fc489](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/98fc489))
+* Post hooks ([395b67c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/395b67c))
+* Some basic setup work ([82df75e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/82df75e))
+* Support sync pre hooks ([1cc1b9f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1cc1b9f))
+* Update package.json description ([978da18](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/978da18))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.5"></a>
+## <small>2.2.5 (2018-09-24)</small>
+
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.4"></a>
+## <small>2.2.4 (2018-09-24)</small>
+
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.3"></a>
+## <small>2.2.3 (2018-09-24)</small>
+
+* fix(filter): copy async pres correctly with `filter()` ([1b1ed8a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1b1ed8a)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3054](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3054)
+* feat: add filter() function ([1f641f4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1f641f4))
+* feat: support storing options on pre and post hooks ([59220b9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/59220b9))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.3"></a>
+## <small>2.2.3 (2018-09-10)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.2.3 ([af653a3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/af653a3))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.2"></a>
+## <small>2.2.2 (2018-09-10)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.2.2 ([3f0144d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3f0144d))
+* fix: allow merge() to not clone ([e628d65](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e628d65))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.1"></a>
+## <small>2.2.1 (2018-06-05)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.2.1 ([4625a64](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4625a64))
+* chore: remove lockfile from git ([7f3e4e6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7f3e4e6))
+* fix: handle numAsync correctly when merging ([fef8e7e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fef8e7e))
+* test: repro issue with not copying numAsync ([952d9db](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/952d9db))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.2.0"></a>
+## 2.2.0 (2018-06-05)
+
+* chore: release 2.2.0 ([ff9ad03](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ff9ad03))
+* fix: use maps instead of objects for _pres and _posts so `toString()` doesn't get reported as having ([55df303](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/55df303)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6538](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6538)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.1.0"></a>
+## 2.1.0 (2018-05-16)
+
+* chore: release 2.1.0 ([ba5f1bc](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ba5f1bc))
+* feat: add option to check wrapped function return value for promises ([c9d7dd1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c9d7dd1))
+* refactor: use const in wrap() ([0fc21f9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/0fc21f9))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.7"></a>
+## <small>2.0.7 (2018-04-28)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.7 ([0bf91e6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/0bf91e6))
+* feat: add `hasHooks()` ([225f18d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/225f18d)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6385](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6385)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.6"></a>
+## <small>2.0.6 (2018-03-22)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.6 ([f3d406b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f3d406b))
+* fix(wrap): ensure fast path still wraps function in `nextTick()` for chaining ([7000494](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7000494)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6250](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6250) [dsanel/mongoose-delete#36](https://github.com/dsanel/mongoose-delete/issues/36)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.5"></a>
+## <small>2.0.5 (2018-02-22)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.5 ([3286612](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3286612))
+* perf(createWrapper): don't create wrapper if there are no hooks ([5afc5b9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5afc5b9)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6126](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6126)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.4"></a>
+## <small>2.0.4 (2018-02-08)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.4 ([2ab0293](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/2ab0293))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.3"></a>
+## <small>2.0.3 (2018-02-01)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.3 ([3c1abe5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3c1abe5))
+* fix: use process.nextTick() re: Automattic/mongoose#6074 ([e5bfe33](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e5bfe33)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6074](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6074)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.2"></a>
+## <small>2.0.2 (2018-01-24)</small>
+
+* chore: fix license ([a9d755c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/a9d755c)), closes [#10](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/10)
+* chore: release 2.0.2 ([fe87ab6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fe87ab6))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.1"></a>
+## <small>2.0.1 (2018-01-09)</small>
+
+* chore: release 2.0.1 with lockfile bump ([09c44fb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/09c44fb))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0"></a>
+## 2.0.0 (2018-01-09)
+
+* chore: bump marked re: security ([cc564a9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/cc564a9))
+* chore: release 2.0.0 ([f511d1c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f511d1c))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc5"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc5 (2017-12-23)
+
+* chore: fix build on node 4+5 ([6dac5a4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6dac5a4))
+* chore: fix built on node 4 + 5 again ([434ef0a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/434ef0a))
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc5 ([25a32ee](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/25a32ee))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc4"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc4 (2017-12-22)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc4 ([49fc083](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/49fc083))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: deduplicate when merging hooks re: Automattic/mongoose#2945 ([d458573](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d458573)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#2945](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/2945)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc3"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc3 (2017-12-22)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc3 ([adaaa00](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/adaaa00))
+* feat: support returning promises from middleware functions ([05b4480](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/05b4480)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3779](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3779)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc2"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc2 (2017-12-21)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc2 ([76325fa](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/76325fa))
+* fix: ensure next() and done() run in next tick ([6c20684](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6c20684))
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc1"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc1 (2017-12-21)
+
+* chore: improve test coverage re: Automattic/mongoose#3232 ([7b45cf0](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7b45cf0)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3232](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3232)
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc1 ([9b83f52](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9b83f52))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: report sync exceptions as errors, only allow calling next() and done() once ([674adcc](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/674adcc)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3483](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3483)
+
+
+
+<a name="2.0.0-rc0"></a>
+## 2.0.0-rc0 (2017-12-17)
+
+* chore: release 2.0.0-rc0 ([16b44b5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/16b44b5))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: drop support for node < 4 ([9cbb8c7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9cbb8c7))
+* BREAKING CHANGE: remove useLegacyPost and add several new features ([6dd8531](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6dd8531)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#3232](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3232)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.5.0"></a>
+## 1.5.0 (2017-07-20)
+
+* chore: release 1.5.0 ([9c491a0](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9c491a0))
+* fix: improve post error handlers results ([9928dd5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9928dd5)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#5466](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/5466)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.2"></a>
+## <small>1.4.2 (2017-07-06)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.4.2 ([8d14ac5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/8d14ac5))
+* fix: correct args re: Automattic/mongoose#5405 ([3f28ae6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/3f28ae6)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#5405](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/5405)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.1"></a>
+## <small>1.4.1 (2017-04-25)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.4.1 ([5ecf0c2](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5ecf0c2))
+* fix: handle numAsyncPres with clone() ([c72e857](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c72e857)), closes [#8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/8)
+* test: repro #8 ([9b4d6b2](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9b4d6b2)), closes [#8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/8)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.0"></a>
+## 1.4.0 (2017-04-19)
+
+* chore: release 1.4.0 ([101c5f5](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/101c5f5))
+* feat: add merge() function ([285325e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/285325e))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.3.0"></a>
+## 1.3.0 (2017-03-26)
+
+* chore: release 1.3.0 ([f3a9e50](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f3a9e50))
+* feat: pass function args to execPre ([4dd466d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4dd466d))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.2.1"></a>
+## <small>1.2.1 (2017-02-03)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.2.1 ([d97081f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d97081f))
+* fix: filter out _kareemIgnored args for error handlers re: Automattic/mongoose#4925 ([ddc7aeb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ddc7aeb)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#4925](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4925)
+* fix: make error handlers handle errors in pre hooks ([af38033](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/af38033)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#4927](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4927)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.2.0"></a>
+## 1.2.0 (2017-01-02)
+
+* chore: release 1.2.0 ([033225c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/033225c))
+* chore: upgrade deps ([f9e9a09](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/f9e9a09))
+* feat: add _kareemIgnore re: Automattic/mongoose#4836 ([7957771](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/7957771)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#4836](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4836)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.5"></a>
+## <small>1.1.5 (2016-12-13)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.5 ([1a9f684](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1a9f684))
+* fix: correct field name ([04a0e9d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/04a0e9d))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.4"></a>
+## <small>1.1.4 (2016-12-09)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.4 ([ece401c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ece401c))
+* chore: run tests on node 6 ([e0cb1cb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e0cb1cb))
+* fix: only copy own properties in clone() ([dfe28ce](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/dfe28ce)), closes [#7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/7)
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.3"></a>
+## <small>1.1.3 (2016-06-27)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.3 ([87171c8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/87171c8))
+* fix: couple more issues with arg processing ([c65f523](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c65f523))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.2"></a>
+## <small>1.1.2 (2016-06-27)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.2 ([8e102b6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/8e102b6))
+* fix: add early return ([4feda4e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4feda4e))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.1"></a>
+## <small>1.1.1 (2016-06-27)</small>
+
+* chore: release 1.1.1 ([8bb3050](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/8bb3050))
+* fix: skip error handlers if no error ([0eb3a44](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/0eb3a44))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.1.0"></a>
+## 1.1.0 (2016-05-11)
+
+* chore: release 1.1.0 ([85332d9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/85332d9))
+* chore: test on node 4 and node 5 ([1faefa1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1faefa1))
+* 100% coverage again ([c9aee4e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c9aee4e))
+* add support for error post hooks ([d378113](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d378113))
+* basic setup for sync hooks #4 ([55aa081](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/55aa081)), closes [#4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/4)
+* proof of concept for error handlers ([e4a07d9](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e4a07d9))
+* refactor out handleWrapError helper ([b19af38](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/b19af38))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.1"></a>
+## <small>1.0.1 (2015-05-10)</small>
+
+* Fix #1 ([de60dc6](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/de60dc6)), closes [#1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues/1)
+* release 1.0.1 ([6971088](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6971088))
+* Run tests on iojs in travis ([adcd201](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/adcd201))
+* support legacy post hook behavior in wrap() ([23fa74c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/23fa74c))
+* Use node 0.12 in travis ([834689d](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/834689d))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.0"></a>
+## 1.0.0 (2015-01-28)
+
+* Tag 1.0.0 ([4c5a35a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4c5a35a))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.8"></a>
+## <small>0.0.8 (2015-01-27)</small>
+
+* Add clone function ([688bba7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/688bba7))
+* Add jscs for style checking ([5c93149](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/5c93149))
+* Bump 0.0.8 ([03c0d2f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/03c0d2f))
+* Fix jscs config, add gulp rules ([9989abf](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9989abf))
+* fix Makefile typo ([1f7e61a](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1f7e61a))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.7"></a>
+## <small>0.0.7 (2015-01-04)</small>
+
+* Bump 0.0.7 ([98ef173](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/98ef173))
+* fix LearnBoost/mongoose#2553 - use null instead of undefined for err ([9157b48](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9157b48)), closes [LearnBoost/mongoose#2553](https://github.com/LearnBoost/mongoose/issues/2553)
+* Regenerate docs ([2331cdf](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/2331cdf))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.6"></a>
+## <small>0.0.6 (2015-01-01)</small>
+
+* Update docs and bump 0.0.6 ([92c12a7](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/92c12a7))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.5"></a>
+## <small>0.0.5 (2015-01-01)</small>
+
+* Add coverage rule to Makefile ([825a91c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/825a91c))
+* Add coveralls to README ([fb52369](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fb52369))
+* Add coveralls to travis ([93f6f15](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/93f6f15))
+* Add createWrapper() function ([ea77741](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ea77741))
+* Add istanbul code coverage ([6eceeef](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6eceeef))
+* Add some more comments for examples ([c5b0c6f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/c5b0c6f))
+* Add travis ([e6dcb06](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/e6dcb06))
+* Add travis badge to docs ([ad8c9b3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ad8c9b3))
+* Add wrap() tests, 100% coverage ([6945be4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/6945be4))
+* Better test coverage for execPost ([d9ad539](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d9ad539))
+* Bump 0.0.5 ([69875b1](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/69875b1))
+* Docs fix ([15b7098](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/15b7098))
+* Fix silly mistake in docs generation ([50373eb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/50373eb))
+* Fix typo in readme ([fec4925](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/fec4925))
+* Linkify travis badge ([92b25fe](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/92b25fe))
+* Make travis run coverage ([747157b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/747157b))
+* Move travis status badge ([d52e89b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/d52e89b))
+* Quick fix for coverage ([50bbddb](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/50bbddb))
+* Typo fix ([adea794](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/adea794))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.4"></a>
+## <small>0.0.4 (2014-12-13)</small>
+
+* Bump 0.0.4, run docs generation ([51a15fe](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/51a15fe))
+* Use correct post parameters in wrap() ([9bb5da3](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/9bb5da3))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.3"></a>
+## <small>0.0.3 (2014-12-12)</small>
+
+* Add npm test script, fix small bug with args not getting passed through post ([49e3e68](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/49e3e68))
+* Bump 0.0.3 ([65621d8](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/65621d8))
+* Update readme ([901388b](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/901388b))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.2"></a>
+## <small>0.0.2 (2014-12-12)</small>
+
+* Add github repo and bump 0.0.2 ([59db8be](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/59db8be))
+
+
+
+<a name="0.0.1"></a>
+## <small>0.0.1 (2014-12-12)</small>
+
+* Add basic docs ([ad29ea4](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/ad29ea4))
+* Add pre hooks ([2ffc356](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/2ffc356))
+* Add wrap function ([68c540c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/68c540c))
+* Bump to version 0.0.1 ([a4bfd68](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/a4bfd68))
+* Initial commit ([4002458](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/4002458))
+* Initial deposit ([98fc489](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/98fc489))
+* Post hooks ([395b67c](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/395b67c))
+* Some basic setup work ([82df75e](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/82df75e))
+* Support sync pre hooks ([1cc1b9f](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/1cc1b9f))
+* Update package.json description ([978da18](https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/commit/978da18))
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/kareem/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e06d20818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/kareem/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f71ba9008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+docs:
+	node ./docs.js
+
+coverage:
+	./node_modules/istanbul/lib/cli.js cover ./node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- -R spec ./test/*
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/README.md b/backend/node_modules/kareem/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aaf84717b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+# kareem
+
+  [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/vkarpov15/kareem.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/vkarpov15/kareem)
+  [![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/vkarpov15/kareem.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/vkarpov15/kareem)
+
+Re-imagined take on the [hooks](http://npmjs.org/package/hooks) module, meant to offer additional flexibility in allowing you to execute hooks whenever necessary, as opposed to simply wrapping a single function.
+
+Named for the NBA's all-time leading scorer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, known for his mastery of the [hook shot](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar#Skyhook)
+
+<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Kareem-Abdul-Jabbar_Lipofsky.jpg" width="220">
+
+# API
+
+## pre hooks
+
+Much like [hooks](https://npmjs.org/package/hooks), kareem lets you define
+pre and post hooks: pre hooks are called before a given function executes.
+Unlike hooks, kareem stores hooks and other internal state in a separate
+object, rather than relying on inheritance. Furthermore, kareem exposes
+an `execPre()` function that allows you to execute your pre hooks when
+appropriate, giving you more fine-grained control over your function hooks.
+
+
+#### It runs without any hooks specified
+
+```javascript
+hooks.execPre('cook', null, function() {
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
+#### It runs basic serial pre hooks
+
+pre hook functions take one parameter, a "done" function that you execute
+when your pre hook is finished.
+
+
+```javascript
+var count = 0;
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+  ++count;
+  done();
+});
+
+hooks.execPre('cook', null, function() {
+  assert.equal(1, count);
+});
+```
+
+#### It can run multipe pre hooks
+
+```javascript
+var count1 = 0;
+var count2 = 0;
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+  ++count1;
+  done();
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+  ++count2;
+  done();
+});
+
+hooks.execPre('cook', null, function() {
+  assert.equal(1, count1);
+  assert.equal(1, count2);
+});
+```
+
+#### It can run fully synchronous pre hooks
+
+If your pre hook function takes no parameters, its assumed to be
+fully synchronous.
+
+
+```javascript
+var count1 = 0;
+var count2 = 0;
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+  ++count1;
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+  ++count2;
+});
+
+hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(error) {
+  assert.equal(null, error);
+  assert.equal(1, count1);
+  assert.equal(1, count2);
+});
+```
+
+#### It properly attaches context to pre hooks
+
+Pre save hook functions are bound to the second parameter to `execPre()`
+
+
+```javascript
+hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+  this.bacon = 3;
+  done();
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+  this.eggs = 4;
+  done();
+});
+
+var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+// In the pre hooks, `this` will refer to `obj`
+hooks.execPre('cook', obj, function(error) {
+  assert.equal(null, error);
+  assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+  assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+});
+```
+
+#### It can execute parallel (async) pre hooks
+
+Like the hooks module, you can declare "async" pre hooks - these take two
+parameters, the functions `next()` and `done()`. `next()` passes control to
+the next pre hook, but the underlying function won't be called until all
+async pre hooks have called `done()`.
+
+
+```javascript
+hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+  this.bacon = 3;
+  next();
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    done();
+  }, 5);
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+  next();
+  var _this = this;
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    _this.eggs = 4;
+    done();
+  }, 10);
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+  this.waffles = false;
+  next();
+});
+
+var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+hooks.execPre('cook', obj, function() {
+  assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+  assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+  assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+});
+```
+
+#### It supports returning a promise
+
+You can also return a promise from your pre hooks instead of calling
+`next()`. When the returned promise resolves, kareem will kick off the
+next middleware.
+
+
+```javascript
+hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+  return new Promise(resolve => {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      this.bacon = 3;
+      resolve();
+    }, 100);
+  });
+});
+
+var obj = { bacon: 0 };
+
+hooks.execPre('cook', obj, function() {
+  assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+});
+```
+
+## post hooks
+
+acquit:ignore:end
+
+#### It runs without any hooks specified
+
+```javascript
+hooks.execPost('cook', null, [1], function(error, eggs) {
+  assert.ifError(error);
+  assert.equal(1, eggs);
+  done();
+});
+```
+
+#### It executes with parameters passed in
+
+```javascript
+hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, bacon, callback) {
+  assert.equal(1, eggs);
+  assert.equal(2, bacon);
+  callback();
+});
+
+hooks.execPost('cook', null, [1, 2], function(error, eggs, bacon) {
+  assert.ifError(error);
+  assert.equal(1, eggs);
+  assert.equal(2, bacon);
+});
+```
+
+#### It can use synchronous post hooks
+
+```javascript
+var execed = {};
+
+hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, bacon) {
+  execed.first = true;
+  assert.equal(1, eggs);
+  assert.equal(2, bacon);
+});
+
+hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, bacon, callback) {
+  execed.second = true;
+  assert.equal(1, eggs);
+  assert.equal(2, bacon);
+  callback();
+});
+
+hooks.execPost('cook', null, [1, 2], function(error, eggs, bacon) {
+  assert.ifError(error);
+  assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+  assert.ok(execed.first);
+  assert.ok(execed.second);
+  assert.equal(1, eggs);
+  assert.equal(2, bacon);
+});
+```
+
+#### It supports returning a promise
+
+You can also return a promise from your post hooks instead of calling
+`next()`. When the returned promise resolves, kareem will kick off the
+next middleware.
+
+
+```javascript
+hooks.post('cook', function(bacon) {
+  return new Promise(resolve => {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      this.bacon = 3;
+      resolve();
+    }, 100);
+  });
+});
+
+var obj = { bacon: 0 };
+
+hooks.execPost('cook', obj, obj, function() {
+  assert.equal(obj.bacon, 3);
+});
+```
+
+## wrap()
+
+acquit:ignore:end
+
+#### It wraps pre and post calls into one call
+
+```javascript
+hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+  this.bacon = 3;
+  next();
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    done();
+  }, 5);
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+  next();
+  var _this = this;
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    _this.eggs = 4;
+    done();
+  }, 10);
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+  this.waffles = false;
+  next();
+});
+
+hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+  obj.tofu = 'no';
+});
+
+var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+var args = [obj];
+args.push(function(error, result) {
+  assert.ifError(error);
+  assert.equal(null, error);
+  assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+  assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+  assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+  assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+
+  assert.equal(obj, result);
+});
+
+hooks.wrap(
+  'cook',
+  function(o, callback) {
+    assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+    assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+    assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+    assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+    callback(null, o);
+  },
+  obj,
+  args);
+```
+
+## createWrapper()
+
+#### It wraps wrap() into a callable function
+
+```javascript
+hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+  this.bacon = 3;
+  next();
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    done();
+  }, 5);
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+  next();
+  var _this = this;
+  setTimeout(function() {
+    _this.eggs = 4;
+    done();
+  }, 10);
+});
+
+hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+  this.waffles = false;
+  next();
+});
+
+hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+  obj.tofu = 'no';
+});
+
+var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+var cook = hooks.createWrapper(
+  'cook',
+  function(o, callback) {
+    assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+    assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+    assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+    assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+    callback(null, o);
+  },
+  obj);
+
+cook(obj, function(error, result) {
+  assert.ifError(error);
+  assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+  assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+  assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+  assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+
+  assert.equal(obj, result);
+});
+```
+
+## clone()
+
+acquit:ignore:end
+
+#### It clones a Kareem object
+
+```javascript
+var k1 = new Kareem();
+k1.pre('cook', function() {});
+k1.post('cook', function() {});
+
+var k2 = k1.clone();
+assert.deepEqual(Array.from(k2._pres.keys()), ['cook']);
+assert.deepEqual(Array.from(k2._posts.keys()), ['cook']);
+```
+
+## merge()
+
+#### It pulls hooks from another Kareem object
+
+```javascript
+var k1 = new Kareem();
+var test1 = function() {};
+k1.pre('cook', test1);
+k1.post('cook', function() {});
+
+var k2 = new Kareem();
+var test2 = function() {};
+k2.pre('cook', test2);
+var k3 = k2.merge(k1);
+assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook').length, 2);
+assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook')[0].fn, test2);
+assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook')[1].fn, test1);
+assert.equal(k3._posts.get('cook').length, 1);
+```
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/docs.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/docs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85ae50215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/docs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+var acquit = require('acquit');
+
+require('acquit-ignore')();
+
+var content = require('fs').readFileSync('./test/examples.test.js').toString();
+var blocks = acquit.parse(content);
+
+var mdOutput =
+  '# kareem\n\n' +
+  '  [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/vkarpov15/kareem.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/vkarpov15/kareem)\n' +
+  '  [![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/vkarpov15/kareem.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/vkarpov15/kareem)\n\n' +
+  'Re-imagined take on the [hooks](http://npmjs.org/package/hooks) module, ' +
+  'meant to offer additional flexibility in allowing you to execute hooks ' +
+  'whenever necessary, as opposed to simply wrapping a single function.\n\n' +
+  'Named for the NBA\'s all-time leading scorer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, known ' +
+  'for his mastery of the [hook shot](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar#Skyhook)\n\n' +
+  '<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Kareem-Abdul-Jabbar_Lipofsky.jpg" width="220">\n\n' +
+  '# API\n\n';
+
+for (var i = 0; i < blocks.length; ++i) {
+  var describe = blocks[i];
+  mdOutput += '## ' + describe.contents + '\n\n';
+  mdOutput += describe.comments[0] ?
+    acquit.trimEachLine(describe.comments[0]) + '\n\n' :
+    '';
+
+  for (var j = 0; j < describe.blocks.length; ++j) {
+    var it = describe.blocks[j];
+    mdOutput += '#### It ' + it.contents + '\n\n';
+    mdOutput += it.comments[0] ?
+      acquit.trimEachLine(it.comments[0]) + '\n\n' :
+      '';
+    mdOutput += '```javascript\n';
+    mdOutput += it.code + '\n';
+    mdOutput += '```\n\n';
+  }
+}
+
+require('fs').writeFileSync('README.md', mdOutput);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/gulpfile.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/gulpfile.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..635bfc75f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/gulpfile.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+var gulp = require('gulp');
+var mocha = require('gulp-mocha');
+var config = require('./package.json');
+var jscs = require('gulp-jscs');
+
+gulp.task('mocha', function() {
+  return gulp.src('./test/*').
+    pipe(mocha({ reporter: 'dot' }));
+});
+
+gulp.task('jscs', function() {
+  return gulp.src('./index.js').
+    pipe(jscs(config.jscsConfig));
+});
+
+gulp.task('watch', function() {
+  gulp.watch('./index.js', ['jscs', 'mocha']);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/index.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1484ecd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+'use strict';
+
+function Kareem() {
+  this._pres = new Map();
+  this._posts = new Map();
+}
+
+Kareem.prototype.execPre = function(name, context, args, callback) {
+  if (arguments.length === 3) {
+    callback = args;
+    args = [];
+  }
+  var pres = get(this._pres, name, []);
+  var numPres = pres.length;
+  var numAsyncPres = pres.numAsync || 0;
+  var currentPre = 0;
+  var asyncPresLeft = numAsyncPres;
+  var done = false;
+  var $args = args;
+
+  if (!numPres) {
+    return process.nextTick(function() {
+      callback(null);
+    });
+  }
+
+  var next = function() {
+    if (currentPre >= numPres) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var pre = pres[currentPre];
+
+    if (pre.isAsync) {
+      var args = [
+        decorateNextFn(_next),
+        decorateNextFn(function(error) {
+          if (error) {
+            if (done) {
+              return;
+            }
+            done = true;
+            return callback(error);
+          }
+          if (--asyncPresLeft === 0 && currentPre >= numPres) {
+            return callback(null);
+          }
+        })
+      ];
+
+      callMiddlewareFunction(pre.fn, context, args, args[0]);
+    } else if (pre.fn.length > 0) {
+      var args = [decorateNextFn(_next)];
+      var _args = arguments.length >= 2 ? arguments : [null].concat($args);
+      for (var i = 1; i < _args.length; ++i) {
+        args.push(_args[i]);
+      }
+
+      callMiddlewareFunction(pre.fn, context, args, args[0]);
+    } else {
+      let maybePromise = null;
+      try {
+        maybePromise = pre.fn.call(context);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err != null) {
+          return callback(err);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (isPromise(maybePromise)) {
+        maybePromise.then(() => _next(), err => _next(err));
+      } else {
+        if (++currentPre >= numPres) {
+          if (asyncPresLeft > 0) {
+            // Leave parallel hooks to run
+            return;
+          } else {
+            return process.nextTick(function() {
+              callback(null);
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        next();
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  next.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
+
+  function _next(error) {
+    if (error) {
+      if (done) {
+        return;
+      }
+      done = true;
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+
+    if (++currentPre >= numPres) {
+      if (asyncPresLeft > 0) {
+        // Leave parallel hooks to run
+        return;
+      } else {
+        return callback(null);
+      }
+    }
+
+    next.apply(context, arguments);
+  }
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.execPreSync = function(name, context, args) {
+  var pres = get(this._pres, name, []);
+  var numPres = pres.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < numPres; ++i) {
+    pres[i].fn.apply(context, args || []);
+  }
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.execPost = function(name, context, args, options, callback) {
+  if (arguments.length < 5) {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  var posts = get(this._posts, name, []);
+  var numPosts = posts.length;
+  var currentPost = 0;
+
+  var firstError = null;
+  if (options && options.error) {
+    firstError = options.error;
+  }
+
+  if (!numPosts) {
+    return process.nextTick(function() {
+      callback.apply(null, [firstError].concat(args));
+    });
+  }
+
+  var next = function() {
+    var post = posts[currentPost].fn;
+    var numArgs = 0;
+    var argLength = args.length;
+    var newArgs = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < argLength; ++i) {
+      numArgs += args[i] && args[i]._kareemIgnore ? 0 : 1;
+      if (!args[i] || !args[i]._kareemIgnore) {
+        newArgs.push(args[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (firstError) {
+      if (post.length === numArgs + 2) {
+        var _cb = decorateNextFn(function(error) {
+          if (error) {
+            firstError = error;
+          }
+          if (++currentPost >= numPosts) {
+            return callback.call(null, firstError);
+          }
+          next();
+        });
+
+        callMiddlewareFunction(post, context,
+          [firstError].concat(newArgs).concat([_cb]), _cb);
+      } else {
+        if (++currentPost >= numPosts) {
+          return callback.call(null, firstError);
+        }
+        next();
+      }
+    } else {
+      const _cb = decorateNextFn(function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          firstError = error;
+          return next();
+        }
+
+        if (++currentPost >= numPosts) {
+          return callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
+        }
+
+        next();
+      });
+
+      if (post.length === numArgs + 2) {
+        // Skip error handlers if no error
+        if (++currentPost >= numPosts) {
+          return callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
+        }
+        return next();
+      }
+      if (post.length === numArgs + 1) {
+        callMiddlewareFunction(post, context, newArgs.concat([_cb]), _cb);
+      } else {
+        let error;
+        let maybePromise;
+        try {
+          maybePromise = post.apply(context, newArgs);
+        } catch (err) {
+          error = err;
+          firstError = err;
+        }
+
+        if (isPromise(maybePromise)) {
+          return maybePromise.then(() => _cb(), err => _cb(err));
+        }
+
+        if (++currentPost >= numPosts) {
+          return callback.apply(null, [error].concat(args));
+        }
+
+        next(error);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  next();
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.execPostSync = function(name, context, args) {
+  const posts = get(this._posts, name, []);
+  const numPosts = posts.length;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < numPosts; ++i) {
+    posts[i].fn.apply(context, args || []);
+  }
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.createWrapperSync = function(name, fn) {
+  var kareem = this;
+  return function syncWrapper() {
+    kareem.execPreSync(name, this, arguments);
+
+    var toReturn = fn.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    kareem.execPostSync(name, this, [toReturn]);
+
+    return toReturn;
+  };
+}
+
+function _handleWrapError(instance, error, name, context, args, options, callback) {
+  if (options.useErrorHandlers) {
+    var _options = { error: error };
+    return instance.execPost(name, context, args, _options, function(error) {
+      return typeof callback === 'function' && callback(error);
+    });
+  } else {
+    return typeof callback === 'function' ?
+      callback(error) :
+      undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+Kareem.prototype.wrap = function(name, fn, context, args, options) {
+  const lastArg = (args.length > 0 ? args[args.length - 1] : null);
+  const argsWithoutCb = typeof lastArg === 'function' ?
+    args.slice(0, args.length - 1) :
+    args;
+  const _this = this;
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const checkForPromise = options.checkForPromise;
+
+  this.execPre(name, context, args, function(error) {
+    if (error) {
+      const numCallbackParams = options.numCallbackParams || 0;
+      const errorArgs = options.contextParameter ? [context] : [];
+      for (var i = errorArgs.length; i < numCallbackParams; ++i) {
+        errorArgs.push(null);
+      }
+      return _handleWrapError(_this, error, name, context, errorArgs,
+        options, lastArg);
+    }
+
+    const end = (typeof lastArg === 'function' ? args.length - 1 : args.length);
+    const numParameters = fn.length;
+    const ret = fn.apply(context, args.slice(0, end).concat(_cb));
+
+    if (checkForPromise) {
+      if (ret != null && typeof ret.then === 'function') {
+        // Thenable, use it
+        return ret.then(
+          res => _cb(null, res),
+          err => _cb(err)
+        );
+      }
+
+      // If `fn()` doesn't have a callback argument and doesn't return a
+      // promise, assume it is sync
+      if (numParameters < end + 1) {
+        return _cb(null, ret);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function _cb() {
+      const args = arguments;
+      const argsWithoutError = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+      if (options.nullResultByDefault && argsWithoutError.length === 0) {
+        argsWithoutError.push(null);
+      }
+      if (arguments[0]) {
+        // Assume error
+        return _handleWrapError(_this, arguments[0], name, context,
+          argsWithoutError, options, lastArg);
+      } else {
+        _this.execPost(name, context, argsWithoutError, function() {
+          if (arguments[0]) {
+            return typeof lastArg === 'function' ?
+              lastArg(arguments[0]) :
+              undefined;
+          }
+
+          return typeof lastArg === 'function' ?
+            lastArg.apply(context, arguments) :
+            undefined;
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.filter = function(fn) {
+  const clone = this.clone();
+
+  const pres = Array.from(clone._pres.keys());
+  for (const name of pres) {
+    const hooks = this._pres.get(name).
+      map(h => Object.assign({}, h, { name: name })).
+      filter(fn);
+
+    if (hooks.length === 0) {
+      clone._pres.delete(name);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    hooks.numAsync = hooks.filter(h => h.isAsync).length;
+
+    clone._pres.set(name, hooks);
+  }
+
+  const posts = Array.from(clone._posts.keys());
+  for (const name of posts) {
+    const hooks = this._posts.get(name).
+      map(h => Object.assign({}, h, { name: name })).
+      filter(fn);
+
+    if (hooks.length === 0) {
+      clone._posts.delete(name);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    clone._posts.set(name, hooks);
+  }
+
+  return clone;
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.hasHooks = function(name) {
+  return this._pres.has(name) || this._posts.has(name);
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.createWrapper = function(name, fn, context, options) {
+  var _this = this;
+  if (!this.hasHooks(name)) {
+    // Fast path: if there's no hooks for this function, just return the
+    // function wrapped in a nextTick()
+    return function() {
+      process.nextTick(() => fn.apply(this, arguments));
+    };
+  }
+  return function() {
+    var _context = context || this;
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+    _this.wrap(name, fn, _context, args, options);
+  };
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.pre = function(name, isAsync, fn, error, unshift) {
+  let options = {};
+  if (typeof isAsync === 'object' && isAsync != null) {
+    options = isAsync;
+    isAsync = options.isAsync;
+  } else if (typeof arguments[1] !== 'boolean') {
+    error = fn;
+    fn = isAsync;
+    isAsync = false;
+  }
+
+  const pres = get(this._pres, name, []);
+  this._pres.set(name, pres);
+
+  if (isAsync) {
+    pres.numAsync = pres.numAsync || 0;
+    ++pres.numAsync;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('pre() requires a function, got "' + typeof fn + '"');
+  }
+
+  if (unshift) {
+    pres.unshift(Object.assign({}, options, { fn: fn, isAsync: isAsync }));
+  } else {
+    pres.push(Object.assign({}, options, { fn: fn, isAsync: isAsync }));
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.post = function(name, options, fn, unshift) {
+  const hooks = get(this._posts, name, []);
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    unshift = !!fn;
+    fn = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('post() requires a function, got "' + typeof fn + '"');
+  }
+
+  if (unshift) {
+    hooks.unshift(Object.assign({}, options, { fn: fn }));
+  } else {
+    hooks.push(Object.assign({}, options, { fn: fn }));
+  }
+  this._posts.set(name, hooks);
+  return this;
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const n = new Kareem();
+
+  for (let key of this._pres.keys()) {
+    const clone = this._pres.get(key).slice();
+    clone.numAsync = this._pres.get(key).numAsync;
+    n._pres.set(key, clone);
+  }
+  for (let key of this._posts.keys()) {
+    n._posts.set(key, this._posts.get(key).slice());
+  }
+
+  return n;
+};
+
+Kareem.prototype.merge = function(other, clone) {
+  clone = arguments.length === 1 ? true : clone;
+  var ret = clone ? this.clone() : this;
+
+  for (let key of other._pres.keys()) {
+    const sourcePres = get(ret._pres, key, []);
+    const deduplicated = other._pres.get(key).
+      // Deduplicate based on `fn`
+      filter(p => sourcePres.map(_p => _p.fn).indexOf(p.fn) === -1);
+    const combined = sourcePres.concat(deduplicated);
+    combined.numAsync = sourcePres.numAsync || 0;
+    combined.numAsync += deduplicated.filter(p => p.isAsync).length;
+    ret._pres.set(key, combined);
+  }
+  for (let key of other._posts.keys()) {
+    const sourcePosts = get(ret._posts, key, []);
+    const deduplicated = other._posts.get(key).
+      filter(p => sourcePosts.indexOf(p) === -1);
+    ret._posts.set(key, sourcePosts.concat(deduplicated));
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+function get(map, key, def) {
+  if (map.has(key)) {
+    return map.get(key);
+  }
+  return def;
+}
+
+function callMiddlewareFunction(fn, context, args, next) {
+  let maybePromise;
+  try {
+    maybePromise = fn.apply(context, args);
+  } catch (error) {
+    return next(error);
+  }
+
+  if (isPromise(maybePromise)) {
+    maybePromise.then(() => next(), err => next(err));
+  }
+}
+
+function isPromise(v) {
+  return v != null && typeof v.then === 'function';
+}
+
+function decorateNextFn(fn) {
+  var called = false;
+  var _this = this;
+  return function() {
+    // Ensure this function can only be called once
+    if (called) {
+      return;
+    }
+    called = true;
+    // Make sure to clear the stack so try/catch doesn't catch errors
+    // in subsequent middleware
+    return process.nextTick(() => fn.apply(_this, arguments));
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = Kareem;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/package.json b/backend/node_modules/kareem/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4d919902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "_from": "kareem@2.3.2",
+  "_id": "kareem@2.3.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-STHz9P7X2L4Kwn72fA4rGyqyXdmrMSdxqHx9IXon/FXluXieaFA6KJ2upcHAHxQPQ0LeM/OjLrhFxifHewOALQ==",
+  "_location": "/kareem",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "kareem@2.3.2",
+    "name": "kareem",
+    "escapedName": "kareem",
+    "rawSpec": "2.3.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.3.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/kareem/-/kareem-2.3.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "78c4508894985b8d38a0dc15e1a8e11078f2ca93",
+  "_spec": "kareem@2.3.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Valeri Karpov",
+    "email": "val@karpov.io"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Next-generation take on pre/post function hooks",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "acquit": "1.x",
+    "acquit-ignore": "0.1.x",
+    "mocha": "5.x",
+    "nyc": "11.x"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem#readme",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "kareem",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/vkarpov15/kareem.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha ./test/*",
+    "test-travis": "nyc mocha ./test/*"
+  },
+  "version": "2.3.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/examples.test.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/examples.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbde98444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/examples.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+var assert = require('assert');
+var Kareem = require('../');
+
+/* Much like [hooks](https://npmjs.org/package/hooks), kareem lets you define
+ * pre and post hooks: pre hooks are called before a given function executes.
+ * Unlike hooks, kareem stores hooks and other internal state in a separate
+ * object, rather than relying on inheritance. Furthermore, kareem exposes
+ * an `execPre()` function that allows you to execute your pre hooks when
+ * appropriate, giving you more fine-grained control over your function hooks.
+ */
+describe('pre hooks', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('runs without any hooks specified', function(done) {
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function() {
+      // ...
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  /* pre hook functions take one parameter, a "done" function that you execute
+   * when your pre hook is finished.
+   */
+  it('runs basic serial pre hooks', function(done) {
+    var count = 0;
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      ++count;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function() {
+      assert.equal(1, count);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('can run multipe pre hooks', function(done) {
+    var count1 = 0;
+    var count2 = 0;
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      ++count1;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      ++count2;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function() {
+      assert.equal(1, count1);
+      assert.equal(1, count2);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  /* If your pre hook function takes no parameters, its assumed to be
+   * fully synchronous.
+   */
+  it('can run fully synchronous pre hooks', function(done) {
+    var count1 = 0;
+    var count2 = 0;
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      ++count1;
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      ++count2;
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(error) {
+      assert.equal(null, error);
+      assert.equal(1, count1);
+      assert.equal(1, count2);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  /* Pre save hook functions are bound to the second parameter to `execPre()`
+   */
+  it('properly attaches context to pre hooks', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      this.bacon = 3;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      this.eggs = 4;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    // In the pre hooks, `this` will refer to `obj`
+    hooks.execPre('cook', obj, function(error) {
+      assert.equal(null, error);
+      assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+      assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  /* Like the hooks module, you can declare "async" pre hooks - these take two
+   * parameters, the functions `next()` and `done()`. `next()` passes control to
+   * the next pre hook, but the underlying function won't be called until all
+   * async pre hooks have called `done()`.
+   */
+  it('can execute parallel (async) pre hooks', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      this.bacon = 3;
+      next();
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        done();
+      }, 5);
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      next();
+      var _this = this;
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        _this.eggs = 4;
+        done();
+      }, 10);
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      this.waffles = false;
+      next();
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', obj, function() {
+      assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+      assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+      assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  /* You can also return a promise from your pre hooks instead of calling
+   * `next()`. When the returned promise resolves, kareem will kick off the
+   * next middleware.
+   */
+  it('supports returning a promise', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      return new Promise(resolve => {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          this.bacon = 3;
+          resolve();
+        }, 100);
+      });
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0 };
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', obj, function() {
+      assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('post hooks', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('runs without any hooks specified', function(done) {
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [1], function(error, eggs) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(1, eggs);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('executes with parameters passed in', function(done) {
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, bacon, callback) {
+      assert.equal(1, eggs);
+      assert.equal(2, bacon);
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [1, 2], function(error, eggs, bacon) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(1, eggs);
+      assert.equal(2, bacon);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('can use synchronous post hooks', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, bacon) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      assert.equal(1, eggs);
+      assert.equal(2, bacon);
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, bacon, callback) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      assert.equal(1, eggs);
+      assert.equal(2, bacon);
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [1, 2], function(error, eggs, bacon) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      assert.equal(1, eggs);
+      assert.equal(2, bacon);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+
+  /* You can also return a promise from your post hooks instead of calling
+   * `next()`. When the returned promise resolves, kareem will kick off the
+   * next middleware.
+   */
+  it('supports returning a promise', function(done) {
+    hooks.post('cook', function(bacon) {
+      return new Promise(resolve => {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          this.bacon = 3;
+          resolve();
+        }, 100);
+      });
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0 };
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', obj, obj, function() {
+      assert.equal(obj.bacon, 3);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('wrap()', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('wraps pre and post calls into one call', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      this.bacon = 3;
+      next();
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        done();
+      }, 5);
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      next();
+      var _this = this;
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        _this.eggs = 4;
+        done();
+      }, 10);
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      this.waffles = false;
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [obj];
+    args.push(function(error, result) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(null, error);
+      assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+      assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+      assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+      assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+
+      assert.equal(obj, result);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(o, callback) {
+        assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+        assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+        assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+        assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+        callback(null, o);
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('createWrapper()', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('wraps wrap() into a callable function', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      this.bacon = 3;
+      next();
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        done();
+      }, 5);
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      next();
+      var _this = this;
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        _this.eggs = 4;
+        done();
+      }, 10);
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      this.waffles = false;
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var cook = hooks.createWrapper(
+      'cook',
+      function(o, callback) {
+        assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+        assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+        assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+        assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+        callback(null, o);
+      },
+      obj);
+
+    cook(obj, function(error, result) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(3, obj.bacon);
+      assert.equal(4, obj.eggs);
+      assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+      assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+
+      assert.equal(obj, result);
+      // acquit:ignore:start
+      done();
+      // acquit:ignore:end
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('clone()', function() {
+  it('clones a Kareem object', function() {
+    var k1 = new Kareem();
+    k1.pre('cook', function() {});
+    k1.post('cook', function() {});
+
+    var k2 = k1.clone();
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(k2._pres.keys()), ['cook']);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(k2._posts.keys()), ['cook']);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('merge()', function() {
+  it('pulls hooks from another Kareem object', function() {
+    var k1 = new Kareem();
+    var test1 = function() {};
+    k1.pre('cook', test1);
+    k1.post('cook', function() {});
+
+    var k2 = new Kareem();
+    var test2 = function() {};
+    k2.pre('cook', test2);
+    var k3 = k2.merge(k1);
+    assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook').length, 2);
+    assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook')[0].fn, test2);
+    assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook')[1].fn, test1);
+    assert.equal(k3._posts.get('cook').length, 1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/misc.test.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/misc.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..531b1d49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/misc.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const Kareem = require('../');
+
+describe('hasHooks', function() {
+  it('returns false for toString (Automattic/mongoose#6538)', function() {
+    const k = new Kareem();
+    assert.ok(!k.hasHooks('toString'));
+  });
+});
+
+describe('merge', function() {
+  it('handles async pres if source doesnt have them', function() {
+    const k1 = new Kareem();
+    k1.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done('error!');
+        },
+        5);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    assert.equal(k1._pres.get('cook').numAsync, 1);
+
+    const k2 = new Kareem();
+    const k3 = k2.merge(k1);
+    assert.equal(k3._pres.get('cook').numAsync, 1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('filter', function() {
+  it('returns clone with only hooks that match `fn()`', function() {
+    const k1 = new Kareem();
+
+    k1.pre('update', { document: true }, f1);
+    k1.pre('update', { query: true }, f2);
+    k1.pre('remove', { document: true }, f3);
+
+    k1.post('update', { document: true }, f1);
+    k1.post('update', { query: true }, f2);
+    k1.post('remove', { document: true }, f3);
+
+    const k2 = k1.filter(hook => hook.document);
+    assert.equal(k2._pres.get('update').length, 1);
+    assert.equal(k2._pres.get('update')[0].fn, f1);
+    assert.equal(k2._pres.get('remove').length, 1);
+    assert.equal(k2._pres.get('remove')[0].fn, f3);
+
+    assert.equal(k2._posts.get('update').length, 1);
+    assert.equal(k2._posts.get('update')[0].fn, f1);
+    assert.equal(k2._posts.get('remove').length, 1);
+    assert.equal(k2._posts.get('remove')[0].fn, f3);
+
+    const k3 = k1.filter(hook => hook.query);
+    assert.equal(k3._pres.get('update').length, 1);
+    assert.equal(k3._pres.get('update')[0].fn, f2);
+    assert.ok(!k3._pres.has('remove'));
+
+    assert.equal(k3._posts.get('update').length, 1);
+    assert.equal(k3._posts.get('update')[0].fn, f2);
+    assert.ok(!k3._posts.has('remove'));
+
+    function f1() {}
+    function f2() {}
+    function f3() {}
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/post.test.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/post.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9a776d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/post.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const Kareem = require('../');
+
+describe('execPost', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('handles errors', function(done) {
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      callback('error!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [4], function(error, eggs) {
+      assert.equal('error!', error);
+      assert.ok(!eggs);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('unshift', function() {
+    var f1 = function() {};
+    var f2 = function() {};
+    hooks.post('cook', f1);
+    hooks.post('cook', f2, true);
+    assert.strictEqual(hooks._posts.get('cook')[0].fn, f2);
+    assert.strictEqual(hooks._posts.get('cook')[1].fn, f1);
+  });
+
+  it('arbitrary options', function() {
+    const f1 = function() {};
+    const f2 = function() {};
+    hooks.post('cook', { foo: 'bar' }, f1);
+    hooks.post('cook', { bar: 'baz' }, f2, true);
+    assert.equal(hooks._posts.get('cook')[1].foo, 'bar');
+    assert.equal(hooks._posts.get('cook')[0].bar, 'baz');
+  });
+
+  it('throws error if no function', function() {
+    assert.throws(() => hooks.post('test'), /got "undefined"/);
+  });
+ 
+  it('multiple posts', function(done) {
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          callback();
+        },
+        5);
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          callback();
+        },
+        5);
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [4], function(error, eggs) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(4, eggs);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('error posts', function(done) {
+    var called = {};
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      called.first = true;
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      called.second = true;
+      callback(new Error('fail'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      assert.ok(false);
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, eggs, callback) {
+      called.fourth = true;
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'fail');
+      callback(new Error('fourth'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, eggs, callback) {
+      called.fifth = true;
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'fourth');
+      callback(new Error('fifth'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [4], function(error, eggs) {
+      assert.ok(error);
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'fifth');
+      assert.deepEqual(called, {
+        first: true,
+        second: true,
+        fourth: true,
+        fifth: true
+      });
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('error posts with initial error', function(done) {
+    var called = {};
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(eggs, callback) {
+      assert.ok(false);
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, eggs, callback) {
+      called.second = true;
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'fail');
+      callback(new Error('second'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, eggs, callback) {
+      called.third = true;
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'second');
+      callback(new Error('third'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, eggs, callback) {
+      called.fourth = true;
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'third');
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    var options = { error: new Error('fail') };
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [4], options, function(error, eggs) {
+      assert.ok(error);
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'third');
+      assert.deepEqual(called, {
+        second: true,
+        third: true,
+        fourth: true
+      });
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('supports returning a promise', function(done) {
+    var calledPost = 0;
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function() {
+      return new Promise(resolve => {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          ++calledPost;
+          resolve();
+        }, 100);
+      });
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPost('cook', null, [], {}, function(error) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      assert.equal(calledPost, 1);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('execPostSync', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('executes hooks synchronously', function() {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function() {
+      execed.first = true;
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function() {
+      execed.second = true;
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPostSync('cook', null);
+    assert.ok(execed.first);
+    assert.ok(execed.second);
+  });
+
+  it('works with no hooks specified', function() {
+    assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+      hooks.execPostSync('cook', null);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/pre.test.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/pre.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebf7bfbde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/pre.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const Kareem = require('../');
+
+describe('execPre', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('handles errors with multiple pres', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      done('error!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      execed.third = true;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.equal('error!', err);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('sync errors', function(done) {
+    var called = 0;
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      throw new Error('woops!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      ++called;
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.equal(err.message, 'woops!');
+      assert.equal(called, 0);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('unshift', function() {
+    var f1 = function() {};
+    var f2 = function() {};
+    hooks.pre('cook', false, f1);
+    hooks.pre('cook', false, f2, null, true);
+    assert.strictEqual(hooks._pres.get('cook')[0].fn, f2);
+    assert.strictEqual(hooks._pres.get('cook')[1].fn, f1);
+  });
+
+  it('throws error if no function', function() {
+    assert.throws(() => hooks.pre('test'), /got "undefined"/);
+  });
+
+  it('arbitrary options', function() {
+    const f1 = function() {};
+    const f2 = function() {};
+    hooks.pre('cook', { foo: 'bar' }, f1);
+    hooks.pre('cook', { bar: 'baz' }, f2, null, true);
+    assert.equal(hooks._pres.get('cook')[1].foo, 'bar');
+    assert.equal(hooks._pres.get('cook')[0].bar, 'baz');
+  });
+
+  it('handles async errors', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done('error!');
+        },
+        5);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done('other error!');
+        },
+        10);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.equal('error!', err);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('handles async errors in next()', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done('other error!');
+        },
+        15);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          next('error!');
+          done('another error!');
+        },
+        5);
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.equal('error!', err);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('handles async errors in next() when already done', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done('other error!');
+        },
+        5);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          next('error!');
+          done('another error!');
+        },
+        25);
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.equal('other error!', err);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('async pres with clone()', function(done) {
+    var execed = false;
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done();
+        },
+        5);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.clone().execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.ifError(err);
+      assert.ok(execed);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('returns correct error when async pre errors', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done('other error!');
+        },
+        5);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          next('error!');
+        },
+        15);
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.equal('other error!', err);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('lets async pres run when fully sync pres are done', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', true, function(next, done) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      setTimeout(
+        function() {
+          done();
+        },
+        5);
+
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      execed.second = true;
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.ifError(err);
+      assert.equal(2, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('allows passing arguments to the next pre', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next) {
+      execed.first = true;
+      next(null, 'test');
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next, p) {
+      execed.second = true;
+      assert.equal(p, 'test');
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(next, p) {
+      execed.third = true;
+      assert.ok(!p);
+      next();
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.ifError(err);
+      assert.equal(3, Object.keys(execed).length);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.ok(execed.second);
+      assert.ok(execed.third);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('handles sync errors in pre if there are more hooks', function(done) {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      execed.first = true;
+      throw new Error('Oops!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      execed.second = true;
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPre('cook', null, function(err) {
+      assert.ok(err);
+      assert.ok(execed.first);
+      assert.equal(err.message, 'Oops!');
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('execPreSync', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('executes hooks synchronously', function() {
+    var execed = {};
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      execed.first = true;
+    });
+
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      execed.second = true;
+    });
+
+    hooks.execPreSync('cook', null);
+    assert.ok(execed.first);
+    assert.ok(execed.second);
+  });
+
+  it('works with no hooks specified', function() {
+    assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+      hooks.execPreSync('cook', null);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/wrap.test.js b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/wrap.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd9196e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/kareem/test/wrap.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+var assert = require('assert');
+var Kareem = require('../');
+
+describe('wrap()', function() {
+  var hooks;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    hooks = new Kareem();
+  });
+
+  it('handles pre errors', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done('error!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [obj];
+    args.push(function(error, result) {
+      assert.equal('error!', error);
+      assert.ok(!result);
+      assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(o, callback) {
+        // Should never get called
+        assert.ok(false);
+        callback(null, o);
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+  });
+
+  it('handles pre errors when no callback defined', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done('error!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [obj];
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(o, callback) {
+        // Should never get called
+        assert.ok(false);
+        callback(null, o);
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+
+    setTimeout(
+      function() {
+        done();
+      },
+      25);
+  });
+
+  it('handles errors in wrapped function', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(obj) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [obj];
+    args.push(function(error, result) {
+      assert.equal('error!', error);
+      assert.ok(!result);
+      assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(o, callback) {
+        callback('error!');
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+  });
+
+  it('handles errors in post', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(obj, callback) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+      callback('error!');
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [obj];
+    args.push(function(error, result) {
+      assert.equal('error!', error);
+      assert.ok(!result);
+      assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(o, callback) {
+        callback(null, o);
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+  });
+
+  it('defers errors to post hooks if enabled', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done(new Error('fail'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, res, callback) {
+      callback(new Error('another error occurred'));
+    });
+
+    var args = [];
+    args.push(function(error) {
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'another error occurred');
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        assert.ok(false);
+        callback();
+      },
+      null,
+      args,
+      { useErrorHandlers: true, numCallbackParams: 1 });
+  });
+
+  it('error handlers with no callback', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done(new Error('fail'));
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, callback) {
+      assert.equal(error.message, 'fail');
+      done();
+    });
+
+    var args = [];
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        assert.ok(false);
+        callback();
+      },
+      null,
+      args,
+      { useErrorHandlers: true });
+  });
+
+  it('error handlers with no error', function(done) {
+    hooks.post('cook', function(error, callback) {
+      callback(new Error('another error occurred'));
+    });
+
+    var args = [];
+    args.push(function(error) {
+      assert.ifError(error);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        callback();
+      },
+      null,
+      args,
+      { useErrorHandlers: true });
+  });
+
+  it('works with no args', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(callback) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [];
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        callback(null);
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+
+    setTimeout(
+      function() {
+        assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+        done();
+      },
+      25);
+  });
+
+  it('handles pre errors with no args', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      done('error!');
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(callback) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [];
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        callback(null);
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+
+    setTimeout(
+      function() {
+        assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+        done();
+      },
+      25);
+  });
+
+  it('handles wrapped function errors with no args', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      obj.waffles = false;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(callback) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+      callback();
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [];
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        callback('error!');
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+
+    setTimeout(
+      function() {
+        assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+        assert.equal(undefined, obj.tofu);
+        done();
+      },
+      25);
+  });
+
+  it('handles post errors with no args', function(done) {
+    hooks.pre('cook', function(done) {
+      obj.waffles = false;
+      done();
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function(callback) {
+      obj.tofu = 'no';
+      callback('error!');
+    });
+
+    var obj = { bacon: 0, eggs: 0 };
+
+    var args = [];
+
+    hooks.wrap(
+      'cook',
+      function(callback) {
+        callback();
+      },
+      obj,
+      args);
+
+    setTimeout(
+      function() {
+        assert.equal(false, obj.waffles);
+        assert.equal('no', obj.tofu);
+        done();
+      },
+      25);
+  });
+
+  it('sync wrappers', function() {
+    var calledPre = 0;
+    var calledFn = 0;
+    var calledPost = 0;
+    hooks.pre('cook', function() {
+      ++calledPre;
+    });
+
+    hooks.post('cook', function() {
+      ++calledPost;
+    });
+
+    var wrapper = hooks.createWrapperSync('cook', function() { ++calledFn; });
+
+    wrapper();
+
+    assert.equal(calledPre, 1);
+    assert.equal(calledFn, 1);
+    assert.equal(calledPost, 1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c69d560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+individuals. For exact contribution history, see the revision history
+available at https://github.com/lodash/lodash
+
+The following license applies to all parts of this software except as
+documented below:
+
+====
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+====
+
+Copyright and related rights for sample code are waived via CC0. Sample
+code is defined as all source code displayed within the prose of the
+documentation.
+
+CC0: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+
+====
+
+Files located in the node_modules and vendor directories are externally
+maintained libraries used by this software which have their own
+licenses; we recommend you read them, as their terms may differ from the
+terms above.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26e93775f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.includes v4.3.0
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.includes` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.includes
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var includes = require('lodash.includes');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#includes) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/4.3.0-npm-packages/lodash.includes) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e88d53380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
+/**
+ * lodash (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+ * Released under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ */
+
+/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
+    MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991,
+    MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308,
+    NAN = 0 / 0;
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
+    funcTag = '[object Function]',
+    genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',
+    stringTag = '[object String]',
+    symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
+
+/** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
+var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
+
+/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
+var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect binary string values. */
+var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect octal string values. */
+var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
+var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;
+
+/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
+var freeParseInt = parseInt;
+
+/**
+ * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee
+ * shorthands.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+ */
+function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
+  var index = -1,
+      length = array ? array.length : 0,
+      result = Array(length);
+
+  while (++index < length) {
+    result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
+ * support for iteratee shorthands.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+ * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+ * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+ * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+ */
+function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex, fromRight) {
+  var length = array.length,
+      index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);
+
+  while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
+    if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+      return index;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+ * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+ */
+function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+  if (value !== value) {
+    return baseFindIndex(array, baseIsNaN, fromIndex);
+  }
+  var index = fromIndex - 1,
+      length = array.length;
+
+  while (++index < length) {
+    if (array[index] === value) {
+      return index;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base implementation of `_.isNaN` without support for number objects.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+ */
+function baseIsNaN(value) {
+  return value !== value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands
+ * or max array length checks.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
+ * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+ */
+function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
+  var index = -1,
+      result = Array(n);
+
+  while (++index < n) {
+    result[index] = iteratee(index);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
+ * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
+ * of `props`.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+ * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
+ */
+function baseValues(object, props) {
+  return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
+    return object[key];
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a unary function that invokes `func` with its argument transformed.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+ * @param {Function} transform The argument transform.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+ */
+function overArg(func, transform) {
+  return function(arg) {
+    return func(transform(arg));
+  };
+}
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/** Used to check objects for own properties. */
+var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the
+ * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/** Built-in value references. */
+var propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;
+
+/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+var nativeKeys = overArg(Object.keys, Object),
+    nativeMax = Math.max;
+
+/**
+ * Creates an array of the enumerable property names of the array-like `value`.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to query.
+ * @param {boolean} inherited Specify returning inherited property names.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+ */
+function arrayLikeKeys(value, inherited) {
+  // Safari 8.1 makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
+  // Safari 9 makes `arguments.length` enumerable in strict mode.
+  var result = (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))
+    ? baseTimes(value.length, String)
+    : [];
+
+  var length = result.length,
+      skipIndexes = !!length;
+
+  for (var key in value) {
+    if ((inherited || hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) &&
+        !(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length)))) {
+      result.push(key);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't treat sparse arrays as dense.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+ */
+function baseKeys(object) {
+  if (!isPrototype(object)) {
+    return nativeKeys(object);
+  }
+  var result = [];
+  for (var key in Object(object)) {
+    if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && key != 'constructor') {
+      result.push(key);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
+ */
+function isIndex(value, length) {
+  length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
+  return !!length &&
+    (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) &&
+    (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
+ */
+function isPrototype(value) {
+  var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
+      proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;
+
+  return value === proto;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is in `collection`. If `collection` is a string, it's
+ * checked for a substring of `value`, otherwise
+ * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+ * is used for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as
+ * the offset from the end of `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Collection
+ * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
+ * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.reduce`.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.includes({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, 1);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.includes('abcd', 'bc');
+ * // => true
+ */
+function includes(collection, value, fromIndex, guard) {
+  collection = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection);
+  fromIndex = (fromIndex && !guard) ? toInteger(fromIndex) : 0;
+
+  var length = collection.length;
+  if (fromIndex < 0) {
+    fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
+  }
+  return isString(collection)
+    ? (fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(value, fromIndex) > -1)
+    : (!!length && baseIndexOf(collection, value, fromIndex) > -1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an `arguments` object,
+ *  else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isArguments(value) {
+  // Safari 8.1 makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
+  return isArrayLikeObject(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&
+    (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objectToString.call(value) == argsTag);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArray(document.body.children);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray('abc');
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ */
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
+ * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
+ * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLike('abc');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isArrayLike(value) {
+  return value != null && isLength(value.length) && !isFunction(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This method is like `_.isArrayLike` except that it also checks if `value`
+ * is an object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array-like object,
+ *  else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isArrayLikeObject(value) {
+  return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a function, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFunction(_);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFunction(/abc/);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isFunction(value) {
+  // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
+  // in Safari 8-9 which returns 'object' for typed array and other constructors.
+  var tag = isObject(value) ? objectToString.call(value) : '';
+  return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
+ *
+ * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
+ * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tolength).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isLength(3);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isLength(Infinity);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isLength('3');
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isLength(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'number' &&
+    value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is the
+ * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
+ * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObject({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(_.noop);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  var type = typeof value;
+  return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a string, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isString('abc');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isString(1);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isString(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'string' ||
+    (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == stringTag);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isSymbol('abc');
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isSymbol(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
+    (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == symbolTag);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to a finite number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.12.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(3.2);
+ * // => 3.2
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 5e-324
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(Infinity);
+ * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+ *
+ * _.toFinite('3.2');
+ * // => 3.2
+ */
+function toFinite(value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return value === 0 ? value : 0;
+  }
+  value = toNumber(value);
+  if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
+    var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+    return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
+  }
+  return value === value ? value : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to an integer.
+ *
+ * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
+ * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tointeger).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(3.2);
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 0
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(Infinity);
+ * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+ *
+ * _.toInteger('3.2');
+ * // => 3
+ */
+function toInteger(value) {
+  var result = toFinite(value),
+      remainder = result % 1;
+
+  return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to a number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to process.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(3.2);
+ * // => 3.2
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 5e-324
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(Infinity);
+ * // => Infinity
+ *
+ * _.toNumber('3.2');
+ * // => 3.2
+ */
+function toNumber(value) {
+  if (typeof value == 'number') {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (isSymbol(value)) {
+    return NAN;
+  }
+  if (isObject(value)) {
+    var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;
+    value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
+  }
+  if (typeof value != 'string') {
+    return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+  }
+  value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
+  var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
+  return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
+    ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
+    : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+ *
+ * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
+ * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.keys)
+ * for more details.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Object
+ * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Foo() {
+ *   this.a = 1;
+ *   this.b = 2;
+ * }
+ *
+ * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+ *
+ * _.keys(new Foo);
+ * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+ *
+ * _.keys('hi');
+ * // => ['0', '1']
+ */
+function keys(object) {
+  return isArrayLike(object) ? arrayLikeKeys(object) : baseKeys(object);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an array of the own enumerable string keyed property values of `object`.
+ *
+ * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Object
+ * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Foo() {
+ *   this.a = 1;
+ *   this.b = 2;
+ * }
+ *
+ * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+ *
+ * _.values(new Foo);
+ * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+ *
+ * _.values('hi');
+ * // => ['h', 'i']
+ */
+function values(object) {
+  return object ? baseValues(object, keys(object)) : [];
+}
+
+module.exports = includes;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27298b145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.includes/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.includes@^4.3.0",
+  "_id": "lodash.includes@4.3.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-YLuYqHy5I8aMoeUTJUgzFISfVT8=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.includes",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.includes@^4.3.0",
+    "name": "lodash.includes",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.includes",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.3.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.3.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.includes/-/lodash.includes-4.3.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "60bb98a87cb923c68ca1e51325483314849f553f",
+  "_spec": "lodash.includes@^4.3.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine.bublitz@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.includes` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "includes"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.includes",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "4.3.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b054ca5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright 2012-2016 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright 2009-2016 Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3c476b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.isboolean v3.0.3
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.isBoolean` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.isboolean
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var isBoolean = require('lodash.isboolean');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#isBoolean) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/3.0.3-npm-packages/lodash.isboolean) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23bbabdc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * lodash 3.0.3 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright 2012-2016 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright 2009-2016 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var boolTag = '[object Boolean]';
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isBoolean(false);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isBoolean(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isBoolean(value) {
+  return value === true || value === false ||
+    (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == boolTag);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+module.exports = isBoolean;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82fc703b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isboolean/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.isboolean@^3.0.3",
+  "_id": "lodash.isboolean@3.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-bC4XHbKiV82WgC/UOwGyDV9YcPY=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.isboolean",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.isboolean@^3.0.3",
+    "name": "lodash.isboolean",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.isboolean",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isboolean/-/lodash.isboolean-3.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "6c2e171db2a257cd96802fd43b01b20d5f5870f6",
+  "_spec": "lodash.isboolean@^3.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine@iceddev.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.isBoolean` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "isboolean"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.isboolean",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c69d560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+individuals. For exact contribution history, see the revision history
+available at https://github.com/lodash/lodash
+
+The following license applies to all parts of this software except as
+documented below:
+
+====
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+====
+
+Copyright and related rights for sample code are waived via CC0. Sample
+code is defined as all source code displayed within the prose of the
+documentation.
+
+CC0: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+
+====
+
+Files located in the node_modules and vendor directories are externally
+maintained libraries used by this software which have their own
+licenses; we recommend you read them, as their terms may differ from the
+terms above.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a78567b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.isinteger v4.0.4
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.isInteger` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.isinteger
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var isInteger = require('lodash.isinteger');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#isInteger) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/4.0.4-npm-packages/lodash.isinteger) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bf06f007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/**
+ * lodash (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+ * Released under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ */
+
+/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
+    MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308,
+    NAN = 0 / 0;
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
+
+/** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
+var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
+
+/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
+var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect binary string values. */
+var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect octal string values. */
+var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+
+/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
+var freeParseInt = parseInt;
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the
+ * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is an integer.
+ *
+ * **Note:** This method is based on
+ * [`Number.isInteger`](https://mdn.io/Number/isInteger).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an integer, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isInteger(3);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isInteger(Infinity);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isInteger('3');
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isInteger(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'number' && value == toInteger(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is the
+ * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
+ * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObject({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(_.noop);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  var type = typeof value;
+  return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isSymbol('abc');
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isSymbol(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
+    (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == symbolTag);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to a finite number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.12.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(3.2);
+ * // => 3.2
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 5e-324
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(Infinity);
+ * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+ *
+ * _.toFinite('3.2');
+ * // => 3.2
+ */
+function toFinite(value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return value === 0 ? value : 0;
+  }
+  value = toNumber(value);
+  if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
+    var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+    return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
+  }
+  return value === value ? value : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to an integer.
+ *
+ * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
+ * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tointeger).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(3.2);
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 0
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(Infinity);
+ * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+ *
+ * _.toInteger('3.2');
+ * // => 3
+ */
+function toInteger(value) {
+  var result = toFinite(value),
+      remainder = result % 1;
+
+  return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to a number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to process.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(3.2);
+ * // => 3.2
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 5e-324
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(Infinity);
+ * // => Infinity
+ *
+ * _.toNumber('3.2');
+ * // => 3.2
+ */
+function toNumber(value) {
+  if (typeof value == 'number') {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (isSymbol(value)) {
+    return NAN;
+  }
+  if (isObject(value)) {
+    var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;
+    value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
+  }
+  if (typeof value != 'string') {
+    return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+  }
+  value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
+  var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
+  return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
+    ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
+    : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
+}
+
+module.exports = isInteger;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68754a821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isinteger/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.isinteger@^4.0.4",
+  "_id": "lodash.isinteger@4.0.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-YZwK89A/iwTDH1iChAt3sRzWg0M=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.isinteger",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.isinteger@^4.0.4",
+    "name": "lodash.isinteger",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.isinteger",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.0.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.0.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isinteger/-/lodash.isinteger-4.0.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "619c0af3d03f8b04c31f5882840b77b11cd68343",
+  "_spec": "lodash.isinteger@^4.0.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine.bublitz@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.isInteger` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "isinteger"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.isinteger",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "4.0.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b054ca5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright 2012-2016 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright 2009-2016 Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1d434dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.isnumber v3.0.3
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.isNumber` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.isnumber
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var isNumber = require('lodash.isnumber');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#isNumber) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/3.0.3-npm-packages/lodash.isnumber) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a85732b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/**
+ * lodash 3.0.3 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright 2012-2016 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright 2009-2016 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var numberTag = '[object Number]';
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
+ *
+ * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are classified
+ * as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNumber(3);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNumber(Infinity);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNumber('3');
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isNumber(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'number' ||
+    (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == numberTag);
+}
+
+module.exports = isNumber;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7402d0e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isnumber/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.isnumber@^3.0.3",
+  "_id": "lodash.isnumber@3.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-POdoEMWSjQM1IwGsKHMX8RwLH/w=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.isnumber",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.isnumber@^3.0.3",
+    "name": "lodash.isnumber",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.isnumber",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isnumber/-/lodash.isnumber-3.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3ce76810c5928d03352301ac287317f11c0b1ffc",
+  "_spec": "lodash.isnumber@^3.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine@iceddev.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.isNumber` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "isnumber"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.isnumber",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c69d560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+individuals. For exact contribution history, see the revision history
+available at https://github.com/lodash/lodash
+
+The following license applies to all parts of this software except as
+documented below:
+
+====
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+====
+
+Copyright and related rights for sample code are waived via CC0. Sample
+code is defined as all source code displayed within the prose of the
+documentation.
+
+CC0: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+
+====
+
+Files located in the node_modules and vendor directories are externally
+maintained libraries used by this software which have their own
+licenses; we recommend you read them, as their terms may differ from the
+terms above.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aeefd74da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.isplainobject v4.0.6
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.isPlainObject` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.isplainobject
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var isPlainObject = require('lodash.isplainobject');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#isPlainObject) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/4.0.6-npm-packages/lodash.isplainobject) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f820ee7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/**
+ * lodash (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+ * Released under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ */
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var objectTag = '[object Object]';
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is a host object in IE < 9.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a host object, else `false`.
+ */
+function isHostObject(value) {
+  // Many host objects are `Object` objects that can coerce to strings
+  // despite having improperly defined `toString` methods.
+  var result = false;
+  if (value != null && typeof value.toString != 'function') {
+    try {
+      result = !!(value + '');
+    } catch (e) {}
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a unary function that invokes `func` with its argument transformed.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+ * @param {Function} transform The argument transform.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+ */
+function overArg(func, transform) {
+  return function(arg) {
+    return func(transform(arg));
+  };
+}
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var funcProto = Function.prototype,
+    objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
+var funcToString = funcProto.toString;
+
+/** Used to check objects for own properties. */
+var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+/** Used to infer the `Object` constructor. */
+var objectCtorString = funcToString.call(Object);
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the
+ * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/** Built-in value references. */
+var getPrototype = overArg(Object.getPrototypeOf, Object);
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
+ * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.8.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Foo() {
+ *   this.a = 1;
+ * }
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
+ * // => true
+ */
+function isPlainObject(value) {
+  if (!isObjectLike(value) ||
+      objectToString.call(value) != objectTag || isHostObject(value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  var proto = getPrototype(value);
+  if (proto === null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  var Ctor = hasOwnProperty.call(proto, 'constructor') && proto.constructor;
+  return (typeof Ctor == 'function' &&
+    Ctor instanceof Ctor && funcToString.call(Ctor) == objectCtorString);
+}
+
+module.exports = isPlainObject;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecce957e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isplainobject/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.isplainobject@^4.0.6",
+  "_id": "lodash.isplainobject@4.0.6",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-fFJqUtibRcRcxpC4gWO+BJf1UMs=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.isplainobject",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.isplainobject@^4.0.6",
+    "name": "lodash.isplainobject",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.isplainobject",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.0.6",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.0.6"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isplainobject/-/lodash.isplainobject-4.0.6.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7c526a52d89b45c45cc690b88163be0497f550cb",
+  "_spec": "lodash.isplainobject@^4.0.6",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine.bublitz@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.isPlainObject` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "isplainobject"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.isplainobject",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "4.0.6"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b054ca5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright 2012-2016 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright 2009-2016 Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f184029aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.isstring v4.0.1
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.isString` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.isstring
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var isString = require('lodash.isstring');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#isString) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/4.0.1-npm-packages/lodash.isstring) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..408225c52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/**
+ * lodash 4.0.1 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright 2012-2016 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright 2009-2016 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var stringTag = '[object String]';
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArray(document.body.children);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray('abc');
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ */
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isString('abc');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isString(1);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isString(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'string' ||
+    (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == stringTag);
+}
+
+module.exports = isString;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88a6e50b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.isstring/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.isstring@^4.0.1",
+  "_id": "lodash.isstring@4.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-1SfftUVuynzJu5XV2ur4i6VKVFE=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.isstring",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.isstring@^4.0.1",
+    "name": "lodash.isstring",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.isstring",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isstring/-/lodash.isstring-4.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d527dfb5456eca7cc9bb95d5daeaf88ba54a5451",
+  "_spec": "lodash.isstring@^4.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine@iceddev.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.isString` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "isstring"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.isstring",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "4.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c69d560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+
+Based on Underscore.js, copyright Jeremy Ashkenas,
+DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors <http://underscorejs.org/>
+
+This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+individuals. For exact contribution history, see the revision history
+available at https://github.com/lodash/lodash
+
+The following license applies to all parts of this software except as
+documented below:
+
+====
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+====
+
+Copyright and related rights for sample code are waived via CC0. Sample
+code is defined as all source code displayed within the prose of the
+documentation.
+
+CC0: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+
+====
+
+Files located in the node_modules and vendor directories are externally
+maintained libraries used by this software which have their own
+licenses; we recommend you read them, as their terms may differ from the
+terms above.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4a2f1698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# lodash.once v4.1.1
+
+The [lodash](https://lodash.com/) method `_.once` exported as a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) module.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using npm:
+```bash
+$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm
+$ npm i --save lodash.once
+```
+
+In Node.js:
+```js
+var once = require('lodash.once');
+```
+
+See the [documentation](https://lodash.com/docs#once) or [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/4.1.1-npm-packages/lodash.once) for more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..414ceb331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/**
+ * lodash (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modularize exports="npm" -o ./`
+ * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+ * Released under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ */
+
+/** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
+var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
+
+/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
+    MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308,
+    NAN = 0 / 0;
+
+/** `Object#toString` result references. */
+var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
+
+/** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
+var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
+
+/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
+var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect binary string values. */
+var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+
+/** Used to detect octal string values. */
+var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+
+/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
+var freeParseInt = parseInt;
+
+/** Used for built-in method references. */
+var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Used to resolve the
+ * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+ * of values.
+ */
+var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
+ * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
+ * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 3.0.0
+ * @category Function
+ * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
+ * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * jQuery(element).on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
+ * // => Allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list.
+ */
+function before(n, func) {
+  var result;
+  if (typeof func != 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+  }
+  n = toInteger(n);
+  return function() {
+    if (--n > 0) {
+      result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+    if (n <= 1) {
+      func = undefined;
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
+ * to the function return the value of the first invocation. The `func` is
+ * invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Function
+ * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+ * initialize();
+ * initialize();
+ * // => `createApplication` is invoked once
+ */
+function once(func) {
+  return before(2, func);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is the
+ * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
+ * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObject({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(_.noop);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  var type = typeof value;
+  return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+ * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isObjectLike(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isObjectLike(value) {
+  return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isSymbol('abc');
+ * // => false
+ */
+function isSymbol(value) {
+  return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
+    (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == symbolTag);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to a finite number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.12.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(3.2);
+ * // => 3.2
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 5e-324
+ *
+ * _.toFinite(Infinity);
+ * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+ *
+ * _.toFinite('3.2');
+ * // => 3.2
+ */
+function toFinite(value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return value === 0 ? value : 0;
+  }
+  value = toNumber(value);
+  if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
+    var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+    return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
+  }
+  return value === value ? value : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to an integer.
+ *
+ * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
+ * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tointeger).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(3.2);
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 0
+ *
+ * _.toInteger(Infinity);
+ * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+ *
+ * _.toInteger('3.2');
+ * // => 3
+ */
+function toInteger(value) {
+  var result = toFinite(value),
+      remainder = result % 1;
+
+  return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts `value` to a number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @category Lang
+ * @param {*} value The value to process.
+ * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(3.2);
+ * // => 3.2
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+ * // => 5e-324
+ *
+ * _.toNumber(Infinity);
+ * // => Infinity
+ *
+ * _.toNumber('3.2');
+ * // => 3.2
+ */
+function toNumber(value) {
+  if (typeof value == 'number') {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (isSymbol(value)) {
+    return NAN;
+  }
+  if (isObject(value)) {
+    var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;
+    value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
+  }
+  if (typeof value != 'string') {
+    return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+  }
+  value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
+  var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
+  return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
+    ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
+    : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
+}
+
+module.exports = once;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0107a1938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lodash.once/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lodash.once@^4.0.0",
+  "_id": "lodash.once@4.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-DdOXEhPHxW34gJd9UEyI+0cal6w=",
+  "_location": "/lodash.once",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lodash.once@^4.0.0",
+    "name": "lodash.once",
+    "escapedName": "lodash.once",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.once/-/lodash.once-4.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "0dd3971213c7c56df880977d504c88fb471a97ac",
+  "_spec": "lodash.once@^4.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "John-David Dalton",
+    "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "John-David Dalton",
+      "email": "john.david.dalton@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Blaine Bublitz",
+      "email": "blaine.bublitz@gmail.com",
+      "url": "https://github.com/phated"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Bynens",
+      "email": "mathias@qiwi.be",
+      "url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The lodash method `_.once` exported as a module.",
+  "homepage": "https://lodash.com/",
+  "icon": "https://lodash.com/icon.svg",
+  "keywords": [
+    "lodash-modularized",
+    "once"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "lodash.once",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"See https://travis-ci.org/lodash/lodash-cli for testing details.\""
+  },
+  "version": "4.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/README.md b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..435dfebb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# lru cache
+
+A cache object that deletes the least-recently-used items.
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/node-lru-cache.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/node-lru-cache) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/isaacs/node-lru-cache/badge.svg?service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/isaacs/node-lru-cache)
+
+## Installation:
+
+```javascript
+npm install lru-cache --save
+```
+
+## Usage:
+
+```javascript
+var LRU = require("lru-cache")
+  , options = { max: 500
+              , length: function (n, key) { return n * 2 + key.length }
+              , dispose: function (key, n) { n.close() }
+              , maxAge: 1000 * 60 * 60 }
+  , cache = new LRU(options)
+  , otherCache = new LRU(50) // sets just the max size
+
+cache.set("key", "value")
+cache.get("key") // "value"
+
+// non-string keys ARE fully supported
+// but note that it must be THE SAME object, not
+// just a JSON-equivalent object.
+var someObject = { a: 1 }
+cache.set(someObject, 'a value')
+// Object keys are not toString()-ed
+cache.set('[object Object]', 'a different value')
+assert.equal(cache.get(someObject), 'a value')
+// A similar object with same keys/values won't work,
+// because it's a different object identity
+assert.equal(cache.get({ a: 1 }), undefined)
+
+cache.reset()    // empty the cache
+```
+
+If you put more stuff in it, then items will fall out.
+
+If you try to put an oversized thing in it, then it'll fall out right
+away.
+
+## Options
+
+* `max` The maximum size of the cache, checked by applying the length
+  function to all values in the cache.  Not setting this is kind of
+  silly, since that's the whole purpose of this lib, but it defaults
+  to `Infinity`.  Setting it to a non-number or negative number will
+  throw a `TypeError`.  Setting it to 0 makes it be `Infinity`.
+* `maxAge` Maximum age in ms.  Items are not pro-actively pruned out
+  as they age, but if you try to get an item that is too old, it'll
+  drop it and return undefined instead of giving it to you.
+  Setting this to a negative value will make everything seem old!
+  Setting it to a non-number will throw a `TypeError`.
+* `length` Function that is used to calculate the length of stored
+  items.  If you're storing strings or buffers, then you probably want
+  to do something like `function(n, key){return n.length}`.  The default is
+  `function(){return 1}`, which is fine if you want to store `max`
+  like-sized things.  The item is passed as the first argument, and
+  the key is passed as the second argumnet.
+* `dispose` Function that is called on items when they are dropped
+  from the cache.  This can be handy if you want to close file
+  descriptors or do other cleanup tasks when items are no longer
+  accessible.  Called with `key, value`.  It's called *before*
+  actually removing the item from the internal cache, so if you want
+  to immediately put it back in, you'll have to do that in a
+  `nextTick` or `setTimeout` callback or it won't do anything.
+* `stale` By default, if you set a `maxAge`, it'll only actually pull
+  stale items out of the cache when you `get(key)`.  (That is, it's
+  not pre-emptively doing a `setTimeout` or anything.)  If you set
+  `stale:true`, it'll return the stale value before deleting it.  If
+  you don't set this, then it'll return `undefined` when you try to
+  get a stale entry, as if it had already been deleted.
+* `noDisposeOnSet` By default, if you set a `dispose()` method, then
+  it'll be called whenever a `set()` operation overwrites an existing
+  key.  If you set this option, `dispose()` will only be called when a
+  key falls out of the cache, not when it is overwritten.
+* `updateAgeOnGet` When using time-expiring entries with `maxAge`,
+  setting this to `true` will make each item's effective time update
+  to the current time whenever it is retrieved from cache, causing it
+  to not expire.  (It can still fall out of cache based on recency of
+  use, of course.)
+
+## API
+
+* `set(key, value, maxAge)`
+* `get(key) => value`
+
+    Both of these will update the "recently used"-ness of the key.
+    They do what you think. `maxAge` is optional and overrides the
+    cache `maxAge` option if provided.
+
+    If the key is not found, `get()` will return `undefined`.
+
+    The key and val can be any value.
+
+* `peek(key)`
+
+    Returns the key value (or `undefined` if not found) without
+    updating the "recently used"-ness of the key.
+
+    (If you find yourself using this a lot, you *might* be using the
+    wrong sort of data structure, but there are some use cases where
+    it's handy.)
+
+* `del(key)`
+
+    Deletes a key out of the cache.
+
+* `reset()`
+
+    Clear the cache entirely, throwing away all values.
+
+* `has(key)`
+
+    Check if a key is in the cache, without updating the recent-ness
+    or deleting it for being stale.
+
+* `forEach(function(value,key,cache), [thisp])`
+
+    Just like `Array.prototype.forEach`.  Iterates over all the keys
+    in the cache, in order of recent-ness.  (Ie, more recently used
+    items are iterated over first.)
+
+* `rforEach(function(value,key,cache), [thisp])`
+
+    The same as `cache.forEach(...)` but items are iterated over in
+    reverse order.  (ie, less recently used items are iterated over
+    first.)
+
+* `keys()`
+
+    Return an array of the keys in the cache.
+
+* `values()`
+
+    Return an array of the values in the cache.
+
+* `length`
+
+    Return total length of objects in cache taking into account
+    `length` options function.
+
+* `itemCount`
+
+    Return total quantity of objects currently in cache. Note, that
+    `stale` (see options) items are returned as part of this item
+    count.
+
+* `dump()`
+
+    Return an array of the cache entries ready for serialization and usage
+    with 'destinationCache.load(arr)`.
+
+* `load(cacheEntriesArray)`
+
+    Loads another cache entries array, obtained with `sourceCache.dump()`,
+    into the cache. The destination cache is reset before loading new entries
+
+* `prune()`
+
+    Manually iterates over the entire cache proactively pruning old entries
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/index.js b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573b6b85b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// A linked list to keep track of recently-used-ness
+const Yallist = require('yallist')
+
+const MAX = Symbol('max')
+const LENGTH = Symbol('length')
+const LENGTH_CALCULATOR = Symbol('lengthCalculator')
+const ALLOW_STALE = Symbol('allowStale')
+const MAX_AGE = Symbol('maxAge')
+const DISPOSE = Symbol('dispose')
+const NO_DISPOSE_ON_SET = Symbol('noDisposeOnSet')
+const LRU_LIST = Symbol('lruList')
+const CACHE = Symbol('cache')
+const UPDATE_AGE_ON_GET = Symbol('updateAgeOnGet')
+
+const naiveLength = () => 1
+
+// lruList is a yallist where the head is the youngest
+// item, and the tail is the oldest.  the list contains the Hit
+// objects as the entries.
+// Each Hit object has a reference to its Yallist.Node.  This
+// never changes.
+//
+// cache is a Map (or PseudoMap) that matches the keys to
+// the Yallist.Node object.
+class LRUCache {
+  constructor (options) {
+    if (typeof options === 'number')
+      options = { max: options }
+
+    if (!options)
+      options = {}
+
+    if (options.max && (typeof options.max !== 'number' || options.max < 0))
+      throw new TypeError('max must be a non-negative number')
+    // Kind of weird to have a default max of Infinity, but oh well.
+    const max = this[MAX] = options.max || Infinity
+
+    const lc = options.length || naiveLength
+    this[LENGTH_CALCULATOR] = (typeof lc !== 'function') ? naiveLength : lc
+    this[ALLOW_STALE] = options.stale || false
+    if (options.maxAge && typeof options.maxAge !== 'number')
+      throw new TypeError('maxAge must be a number')
+    this[MAX_AGE] = options.maxAge || 0
+    this[DISPOSE] = options.dispose
+    this[NO_DISPOSE_ON_SET] = options.noDisposeOnSet || false
+    this[UPDATE_AGE_ON_GET] = options.updateAgeOnGet || false
+    this.reset()
+  }
+
+  // resize the cache when the max changes.
+  set max (mL) {
+    if (typeof mL !== 'number' || mL < 0)
+      throw new TypeError('max must be a non-negative number')
+
+    this[MAX] = mL || Infinity
+    trim(this)
+  }
+  get max () {
+    return this[MAX]
+  }
+
+  set allowStale (allowStale) {
+    this[ALLOW_STALE] = !!allowStale
+  }
+  get allowStale () {
+    return this[ALLOW_STALE]
+  }
+
+  set maxAge (mA) {
+    if (typeof mA !== 'number')
+      throw new TypeError('maxAge must be a non-negative number')
+
+    this[MAX_AGE] = mA
+    trim(this)
+  }
+  get maxAge () {
+    return this[MAX_AGE]
+  }
+
+  // resize the cache when the lengthCalculator changes.
+  set lengthCalculator (lC) {
+    if (typeof lC !== 'function')
+      lC = naiveLength
+
+    if (lC !== this[LENGTH_CALCULATOR]) {
+      this[LENGTH_CALCULATOR] = lC
+      this[LENGTH] = 0
+      this[LRU_LIST].forEach(hit => {
+        hit.length = this[LENGTH_CALCULATOR](hit.value, hit.key)
+        this[LENGTH] += hit.length
+      })
+    }
+    trim(this)
+  }
+  get lengthCalculator () { return this[LENGTH_CALCULATOR] }
+
+  get length () { return this[LENGTH] }
+  get itemCount () { return this[LRU_LIST].length }
+
+  rforEach (fn, thisp) {
+    thisp = thisp || this
+    for (let walker = this[LRU_LIST].tail; walker !== null;) {
+      const prev = walker.prev
+      forEachStep(this, fn, walker, thisp)
+      walker = prev
+    }
+  }
+
+  forEach (fn, thisp) {
+    thisp = thisp || this
+    for (let walker = this[LRU_LIST].head; walker !== null;) {
+      const next = walker.next
+      forEachStep(this, fn, walker, thisp)
+      walker = next
+    }
+  }
+
+  keys () {
+    return this[LRU_LIST].toArray().map(k => k.key)
+  }
+
+  values () {
+    return this[LRU_LIST].toArray().map(k => k.value)
+  }
+
+  reset () {
+    if (this[DISPOSE] &&
+        this[LRU_LIST] &&
+        this[LRU_LIST].length) {
+      this[LRU_LIST].forEach(hit => this[DISPOSE](hit.key, hit.value))
+    }
+
+    this[CACHE] = new Map() // hash of items by key
+    this[LRU_LIST] = new Yallist() // list of items in order of use recency
+    this[LENGTH] = 0 // length of items in the list
+  }
+
+  dump () {
+    return this[LRU_LIST].map(hit =>
+      isStale(this, hit) ? false : {
+        k: hit.key,
+        v: hit.value,
+        e: hit.now + (hit.maxAge || 0)
+      }).toArray().filter(h => h)
+  }
+
+  dumpLru () {
+    return this[LRU_LIST]
+  }
+
+  set (key, value, maxAge) {
+    maxAge = maxAge || this[MAX_AGE]
+
+    if (maxAge && typeof maxAge !== 'number')
+      throw new TypeError('maxAge must be a number')
+
+    const now = maxAge ? Date.now() : 0
+    const len = this[LENGTH_CALCULATOR](value, key)
+
+    if (this[CACHE].has(key)) {
+      if (len > this[MAX]) {
+        del(this, this[CACHE].get(key))
+        return false
+      }
+
+      const node = this[CACHE].get(key)
+      const item = node.value
+
+      // dispose of the old one before overwriting
+      // split out into 2 ifs for better coverage tracking
+      if (this[DISPOSE]) {
+        if (!this[NO_DISPOSE_ON_SET])
+          this[DISPOSE](key, item.value)
+      }
+
+      item.now = now
+      item.maxAge = maxAge
+      item.value = value
+      this[LENGTH] += len - item.length
+      item.length = len
+      this.get(key)
+      trim(this)
+      return true
+    }
+
+    const hit = new Entry(key, value, len, now, maxAge)
+
+    // oversized objects fall out of cache automatically.
+    if (hit.length > this[MAX]) {
+      if (this[DISPOSE])
+        this[DISPOSE](key, value)
+
+      return false
+    }
+
+    this[LENGTH] += hit.length
+    this[LRU_LIST].unshift(hit)
+    this[CACHE].set(key, this[LRU_LIST].head)
+    trim(this)
+    return true
+  }
+
+  has (key) {
+    if (!this[CACHE].has(key)) return false
+    const hit = this[CACHE].get(key).value
+    return !isStale(this, hit)
+  }
+
+  get (key) {
+    return get(this, key, true)
+  }
+
+  peek (key) {
+    return get(this, key, false)
+  }
+
+  pop () {
+    const node = this[LRU_LIST].tail
+    if (!node)
+      return null
+
+    del(this, node)
+    return node.value
+  }
+
+  del (key) {
+    del(this, this[CACHE].get(key))
+  }
+
+  load (arr) {
+    // reset the cache
+    this.reset()
+
+    const now = Date.now()
+    // A previous serialized cache has the most recent items first
+    for (let l = arr.length - 1; l >= 0; l--) {
+      const hit = arr[l]
+      const expiresAt = hit.e || 0
+      if (expiresAt === 0)
+        // the item was created without expiration in a non aged cache
+        this.set(hit.k, hit.v)
+      else {
+        const maxAge = expiresAt - now
+        // dont add already expired items
+        if (maxAge > 0) {
+          this.set(hit.k, hit.v, maxAge)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  prune () {
+    this[CACHE].forEach((value, key) => get(this, key, false))
+  }
+}
+
+const get = (self, key, doUse) => {
+  const node = self[CACHE].get(key)
+  if (node) {
+    const hit = node.value
+    if (isStale(self, hit)) {
+      del(self, node)
+      if (!self[ALLOW_STALE])
+        return undefined
+    } else {
+      if (doUse) {
+        if (self[UPDATE_AGE_ON_GET])
+          node.value.now = Date.now()
+        self[LRU_LIST].unshiftNode(node)
+      }
+    }
+    return hit.value
+  }
+}
+
+const isStale = (self, hit) => {
+  if (!hit || (!hit.maxAge && !self[MAX_AGE]))
+    return false
+
+  const diff = Date.now() - hit.now
+  return hit.maxAge ? diff > hit.maxAge
+    : self[MAX_AGE] && (diff > self[MAX_AGE])
+}
+
+const trim = self => {
+  if (self[LENGTH] > self[MAX]) {
+    for (let walker = self[LRU_LIST].tail;
+      self[LENGTH] > self[MAX] && walker !== null;) {
+      // We know that we're about to delete this one, and also
+      // what the next least recently used key will be, so just
+      // go ahead and set it now.
+      const prev = walker.prev
+      del(self, walker)
+      walker = prev
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const del = (self, node) => {
+  if (node) {
+    const hit = node.value
+    if (self[DISPOSE])
+      self[DISPOSE](hit.key, hit.value)
+
+    self[LENGTH] -= hit.length
+    self[CACHE].delete(hit.key)
+    self[LRU_LIST].removeNode(node)
+  }
+}
+
+class Entry {
+  constructor (key, value, length, now, maxAge) {
+    this.key = key
+    this.value = value
+    this.length = length
+    this.now = now
+    this.maxAge = maxAge || 0
+  }
+}
+
+const forEachStep = (self, fn, node, thisp) => {
+  let hit = node.value
+  if (isStale(self, hit)) {
+    del(self, node)
+    if (!self[ALLOW_STALE])
+      hit = undefined
+  }
+  if (hit)
+    fn.call(thisp, hit.value, hit.key, self)
+}
+
+module.exports = LRUCache
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/package.json b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2898bfde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/lru-cache/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "lru-cache@^6.0.0",
+  "_id": "lru-cache@6.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Jo6dJ04CmSjuznwJSS3pUeWmd/H0ffTlkXXgwZi+eq1UCmqQwCh+eLsYOYCwY991i2Fah4h1BEMCx4qThGbsiA==",
+  "_location": "/lru-cache",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "lru-cache@^6.0.0",
+    "name": "lru-cache",
+    "escapedName": "lru-cache",
+    "rawSpec": "^6.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^6.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/semver"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lru-cache/-/lru-cache-6.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "6d6fe6570ebd96aaf90fcad1dafa3b2566db3a94",
+  "_spec": "lru-cache@^6.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp\\node_modules\\semver",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "yallist": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A cache object that deletes the least-recently-used items.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
+    "tap": "^14.10.7"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mru",
+    "lru",
+    "cache"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "lru-cache",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "prepublishOnly": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "snap": "tap",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "version": "6.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a7825121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/// <reference types="node"/>
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+
+declare namespace makeDir {
+	interface Options {
+		/**
+		Directory [permissions](https://x-team.com/blog/file-system-permissions-umask-node-js/).
+
+		@default 0o777
+		*/
+		readonly mode?: number;
+
+		/**
+		Use a custom `fs` implementation. For example [`graceful-fs`](https://github.com/isaacs/node-graceful-fs).
+
+		Using a custom `fs` implementation will block the use of the native `recursive` option if `fs.mkdir` or `fs.mkdirSync` is not the native function.
+
+		@default require('fs')
+		*/
+		readonly fs?: typeof fs;
+	}
+}
+
+declare const makeDir: {
+	/**
+	Make a directory and its parents if needed - Think `mkdir -p`.
+
+	@param path - Directory to create.
+	@returns The path to the created directory.
+
+	@example
+	```
+	import makeDir = require('make-dir');
+
+	(async () => {
+		const path = await makeDir('unicorn/rainbow/cake');
+
+		console.log(path);
+		//=> '/Users/sindresorhus/fun/unicorn/rainbow/cake'
+
+		// Multiple directories:
+		const paths = await Promise.all([
+			makeDir('unicorn/rainbow'),
+			makeDir('foo/bar')
+		]);
+
+		console.log(paths);
+		// [
+		// 	'/Users/sindresorhus/fun/unicorn/rainbow',
+		// 	'/Users/sindresorhus/fun/foo/bar'
+		// ]
+	})();
+	```
+	*/
+	(path: string, options?: makeDir.Options): Promise<string>;
+
+	/**
+	Synchronously make a directory and its parents if needed - Think `mkdir -p`.
+
+	@param path - Directory to create.
+	@returns The path to the created directory.
+	*/
+	sync(path: string, options?: makeDir.Options): string;
+};
+
+export = makeDir;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/index.js b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75889d84a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'use strict';
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const {promisify} = require('util');
+const semver = require('semver');
+
+const useNativeRecursiveOption = semver.satisfies(process.version, '>=10.12.0');
+
+// https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/8987
+// https://github.com/libuv/libuv/pull/1088
+const checkPath = pth => {
+	if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+		const pathHasInvalidWinCharacters = /[<>:"|?*]/.test(pth.replace(path.parse(pth).root, ''));
+
+		if (pathHasInvalidWinCharacters) {
+			const error = new Error(`Path contains invalid characters: ${pth}`);
+			error.code = 'EINVAL';
+			throw error;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+const processOptions = options => {
+	// https://github.com/sindresorhus/make-dir/issues/18
+	const defaults = {
+		mode: 0o777,
+		fs
+	};
+
+	return {
+		...defaults,
+		...options
+	};
+};
+
+const permissionError = pth => {
+	// This replicates the exception of `fs.mkdir` with native the
+	// `recusive` option when run on an invalid drive under Windows.
+	const error = new Error(`operation not permitted, mkdir '${pth}'`);
+	error.code = 'EPERM';
+	error.errno = -4048;
+	error.path = pth;
+	error.syscall = 'mkdir';
+	return error;
+};
+
+const makeDir = async (input, options) => {
+	checkPath(input);
+	options = processOptions(options);
+
+	const mkdir = promisify(options.fs.mkdir);
+	const stat = promisify(options.fs.stat);
+
+	if (useNativeRecursiveOption && options.fs.mkdir === fs.mkdir) {
+		const pth = path.resolve(input);
+
+		await mkdir(pth, {
+			mode: options.mode,
+			recursive: true
+		});
+
+		return pth;
+	}
+
+	const make = async pth => {
+		try {
+			await mkdir(pth, options.mode);
+
+			return pth;
+		} catch (error) {
+			if (error.code === 'EPERM') {
+				throw error;
+			}
+
+			if (error.code === 'ENOENT') {
+				if (path.dirname(pth) === pth) {
+					throw permissionError(pth);
+				}
+
+				if (error.message.includes('null bytes')) {
+					throw error;
+				}
+
+				await make(path.dirname(pth));
+
+				return make(pth);
+			}
+
+			try {
+				const stats = await stat(pth);
+				if (!stats.isDirectory()) {
+					throw new Error('The path is not a directory');
+				}
+			} catch (_) {
+				throw error;
+			}
+
+			return pth;
+		}
+	};
+
+	return make(path.resolve(input));
+};
+
+module.exports = makeDir;
+
+module.exports.sync = (input, options) => {
+	checkPath(input);
+	options = processOptions(options);
+
+	if (useNativeRecursiveOption && options.fs.mkdirSync === fs.mkdirSync) {
+		const pth = path.resolve(input);
+
+		fs.mkdirSync(pth, {
+			mode: options.mode,
+			recursive: true
+		});
+
+		return pth;
+	}
+
+	const make = pth => {
+		try {
+			options.fs.mkdirSync(pth, options.mode);
+		} catch (error) {
+			if (error.code === 'EPERM') {
+				throw error;
+			}
+
+			if (error.code === 'ENOENT') {
+				if (path.dirname(pth) === pth) {
+					throw permissionError(pth);
+				}
+
+				if (error.message.includes('null bytes')) {
+					throw error;
+				}
+
+				make(path.dirname(pth));
+				return make(pth);
+			}
+
+			try {
+				if (!options.fs.statSync(pth).isDirectory()) {
+					throw new Error('The path is not a directory');
+				}
+			} catch (_) {
+				throw error;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return pth;
+	};
+
+	return make(path.resolve(input));
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/license b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7af2f771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/license
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e365277d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..164cdeac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\semver\bin\semver.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a85e3405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/.bin/semver.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../semver/bin/semver.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f567dd3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# changes log
+
+## 6.2.0
+
+* Coerce numbers to strings when passed to semver.coerce()
+* Add `rtl` option to coerce from right to left
+
+## 6.1.3
+
+* Handle X-ranges properly in includePrerelease mode
+
+## 6.1.2
+
+* Do not throw when testing invalid version strings
+
+## 6.1.1
+
+* Add options support for semver.coerce()
+* Handle undefined version passed to Range.test
+
+## 6.1.0
+
+* Add semver.compareBuild function
+* Support `*` in semver.intersects
+
+## 6.0
+
+* Fix `intersects` logic.
+
+    This is technically a bug fix, but since it is also a change to behavior
+    that may require users updating their code, it is marked as a major
+    version increment.
+
+## 5.7
+
+* Add `minVersion` method
+
+## 5.6
+
+* Move boolean `loose` param to an options object, with
+  backwards-compatibility protection.
+* Add ability to opt out of special prerelease version handling with
+  the `includePrerelease` option flag.
+
+## 5.5
+
+* Add version coercion capabilities
+
+## 5.4
+
+* Add intersection checking
+
+## 5.3
+
+* Add `minSatisfying` method
+
+## 5.2
+
+* Add `prerelease(v)` that returns prerelease components
+
+## 5.1
+
+* Add Backus-Naur for ranges
+* Remove excessively cute inspection methods
+
+## 5.0
+
+* Remove AMD/Browserified build artifacts
+* Fix ltr and gtr when using the `*` range
+* Fix for range `*` with a prerelease identifier
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/README.md b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2293a14fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+semver(1) -- The semantic versioner for npm
+===========================================
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+npm install semver
+````
+
+## Usage
+
+As a node module:
+
+```js
+const semver = require('semver')
+
+semver.valid('1.2.3') // '1.2.3'
+semver.valid('a.b.c') // null
+semver.clean('  =v1.2.3   ') // '1.2.3'
+semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '1.x || >=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3') // true
+semver.gt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // false
+semver.lt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // true
+semver.minVersion('>=1.0.0') // '1.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('v2')) // '2.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')) // '42.6.7'
+```
+
+As a command-line utility:
+
+```
+$ semver -h
+
+A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
+Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
+
+Options:
+-r --range <range>
+        Print versions that match the specified range.
+
+-i --increment [<level>]
+        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can
+        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.
+        Only one version may be specified.
+
+--preid <identifier>
+        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch or prerelease version increments.
+
+-l --loose
+        Interpret versions and ranges loosely
+
+-p --include-prerelease
+        Always include prerelease versions in range matching
+
+-c --coerce
+        Coerce a string into SemVer if possible
+        (does not imply --loose)
+
+--rtl
+        Coerce version strings right to left
+
+--ltr
+        Coerce version strings left to right (default)
+
+Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
+all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
+
+If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
+
+Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
+multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.
+```
+
+## Versions
+
+A "version" is described by the `v2.0.0` specification found at
+<https://semver.org/>.
+
+A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
+
+## Ranges
+
+A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
+that satisfy the range.
+
+A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`.  The set
+of primitive `operators` is:
+
+* `<` Less than
+* `<=` Less than or equal to
+* `>` Greater than
+* `>=` Greater than or equal to
+* `=` Equal.  If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
+  so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
+
+For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+Comparators can be joined by whitespace to form a `comparator set`,
+which is satisfied by the **intersection** of all of the comparators
+it includes.
+
+A range is composed of one or more comparator sets, joined by `||`.  A
+version matches a range if and only if every comparator in at least
+one of the `||`-separated comparator sets is satisfied by the version.
+
+For example, the range `>=1.2.7 <1.3.0` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, and `1.2.99`, but not the versions `1.2.6`, `1.3.0`,
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+The range `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0` would match the versions `1.2.7`,
+`1.2.9`, and `1.4.6`, but not the versions `1.2.8` or `2.0.0`.
+
+### Prerelease Tags
+
+If a version has a prerelease tag (for example, `1.2.3-alpha.3`) then
+it will only be allowed to satisfy comparator sets if at least one
+comparator with the same `[major, minor, patch]` tuple also has a
+prerelease tag.
+
+For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
+version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
+`3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
+than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules.  The version
+range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version.  The
+version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
+prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
+
+The purpose for this behavior is twofold.  First, prerelease versions
+frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
+that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
+Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
+semantics.
+
+Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
+clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
+alpha/beta/rc versions.  By including a prerelease tag in the range,
+the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk.  However, it
+is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
+similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
+
+Note that this behavior can be suppressed (treating all prerelease
+versions as if they were normal versions, for the purpose of range
+matching) by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
+object to any
+[functions](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions) that do
+range matching.
+
+#### Prerelease Identifiers
+
+The method `.inc` takes an additional `identifier` string argument that
+will append the value of the string as a prerelease identifier:
+
+```javascript
+semver.inc('1.2.3', 'prerelease', 'beta')
+// '1.2.4-beta.0'
+```
+
+command-line example:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.3 -i prerelease --preid beta
+1.2.4-beta.0
+```
+
+Which then can be used to increment further:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.4-beta.0 -i prerelease
+1.2.4-beta.1
+```
+
+### Advanced Range Syntax
+
+Advanced range syntax desugars to primitive comparators in
+deterministic ways.
+
+Advanced ranges may be combined in the same way as primitive
+comparators using white space or `||`.
+
+#### Hyphen Ranges `X.Y.Z - A.B.C`
+
+Specifies an inclusive set.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.3 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the first version in the inclusive
+range, then the missing pieces are replaced with zeroes.
+
+* `1.2 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.0 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the second version in the
+inclusive range, then all versions that start with the supplied parts
+of the tuple are accepted, but nothing that would be greater than the
+provided tuple parts.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.4.0`
+* `1.2.3 - 2` := `>=1.2.3 <3.0.0`
+
+#### X-Ranges `1.2.x` `1.X` `1.2.*` `*`
+
+Any of `X`, `x`, or `*` may be used to "stand in" for one of the
+numeric values in the `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+* `*` := `>=0.0.0` (Any version satisfies)
+* `1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Matching major version)
+* `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Matching major and minor versions)
+
+A partial version range is treated as an X-Range, so the special
+character is in fact optional.
+
+* `""` (empty string) := `*` := `>=0.0.0`
+* `1` := `1.x.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `1.2` := `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0`
+
+#### Tilde Ranges `~1.2.3` `~1.2` `~1`
+
+Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the
+comparator.  Allows minor-level changes if not.
+
+* `~1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0`
+* `~1.2` := `>=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Same as `1.2.x`)
+* `~1` := `>=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Same as `1.x`)
+* `~0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `~0.2` := `>=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0` (Same as `0.2.x`)
+* `~0` := `>=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0` (Same as `0.x`)
+* `~1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <1.3.0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+#### Caret Ranges `^1.2.3` `^0.2.5` `^0.0.4`
+
+Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero element in the
+`[major, minor, patch]` tuple.  In other words, this allows patch and
+minor updates for versions `1.0.0` and above, patch updates for
+versions `0.X >=0.1.0`, and *no* updates for versions `0.0.X`.
+
+Many authors treat a `0.x` version as if the `x` were the major
+"breaking-change" indicator.
+
+Caret ranges are ideal when an author may make breaking changes
+between `0.2.4` and `0.3.0` releases, which is a common practice.
+However, it presumes that there will *not* be breaking changes between
+`0.2.4` and `0.2.5`.  It allows for changes that are presumed to be
+additive (but non-breaking), according to commonly observed practices.
+
+* `^1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `^0.0.3` := `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4`
+* `^1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <2.0.0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+* `^0.0.3-beta` := `>=0.0.3-beta <0.0.4`  Note that prereleases in the
+  `0.0.3` version *only* will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta`.  So, `0.0.3-pr.2` would be allowed.
+
+When parsing caret ranges, a missing `patch` value desugars to the
+number `0`, but will allow flexibility within that value, even if the
+major and minor versions are both `0`.
+
+* `^1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+* `^0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+
+A missing `minor` and `patch` values will desugar to zero, but also
+allow flexibility within those values, even if the major version is
+zero.
+
+* `^1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0`
+
+### Range Grammar
+
+Putting all this together, here is a Backus-Naur grammar for ranges,
+for the benefit of parser authors:
+
+```bnf
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | ['1'-'9'] ( ['0'-'9'] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
+```
+
+## Functions
+
+All methods and classes take a final `options` object argument.  All
+options in this object are `false` by default.  The options supported
+are:
+
+- `loose`  Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
+  (Any resulting output will always be 100% strict compliant, of
+  course.)  For backwards compatibility reasons, if the `options`
+  argument is a boolean value instead of an object, it is interpreted
+  to be the `loose` param.
+- `includePrerelease`  Set to suppress the [default
+  behavior](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#prerelease-tags) of
+  excluding prerelease tagged versions from ranges unless they are
+  explicitly opted into.
+
+Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
+strings that they parse.
+
+* `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
+* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
+  type (`major`,   `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
+  `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
+  * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
+    version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
+    `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
+  * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
+    same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
+    prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
+    increments it.
+* `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
+  if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
+* `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
+* `minor(v)`: Return the minor version number.
+* `patch(v)`: Return the patch version number.
+* `intersects(r1, r2, loose)`: Return true if the two supplied ranges
+  or comparators intersect.
+* `parse(v)`: Attempt to parse a string as a semantic version, returning either
+  a `SemVer` object or `null`.
+
+### Comparison
+
+* `gt(v1, v2)`: `v1 > v2`
+* `gte(v1, v2)`: `v1 >= v2`
+* `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
+* `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
+* `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
+  even if they're not the exact same string.  You already know how to
+  compare strings.
+* `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
+* `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
+  the corresponding function above.  `"==="` and `"!=="` do simple
+  string comparison, but are included for completeness.  Throws if an
+  invalid comparison string is provided.
+* `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
+  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare.  Sorts an array of versions
+  in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `compareBuild(v1, v2)`: The same as `compare` but considers `build` when two versions
+  are equal.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
+  (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
+  or null if the versions are the same.
+
+### Comparators
+
+* `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
+
+### Ranges
+
+* `validRange(range)`: Return the valid range or null if it's not valid
+* `satisfies(version, range)`: Return true if the version satisfies the
+  range.
+* `maxSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the highest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can possibly match
+  the given range.
+* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
+  the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction.  The
+  `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`.  (This is
+  the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
+* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
+
+Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
+greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range!  For
+example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
+until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
+range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
+range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
+satisfy the range.
+
+If you want to know if a version satisfies or does not satisfy a
+range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.
+
+### Coercion
+
+* `coerce(version, options)`: Coerces a string to semver if possible
+
+This aims to provide a very forgiving translation of a non-semver string to
+semver. It looks for the first digit in a string, and consumes all
+remaining characters which satisfy at least a partial semver (e.g., `1`,
+`1.2`, `1.2.3`) up to the max permitted length (256 characters).  Longer
+versions are simply truncated (`4.6.3.9.2-alpha2` becomes `4.6.3`).  All
+surrounding text is simply ignored (`v3.4 replaces v3.3.1` becomes
+`3.4.0`).  Only text which lacks digits will fail coercion (`version one`
+is not valid).  The maximum  length for any semver component considered for
+coercion is 16 characters; longer components will be ignored
+(`10000000000000000.4.7.4` becomes `4.7.4`).  The maximum value for any
+semver component is `Integer.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || (2**53 - 1)`; higher value
+components are invalid (`9999999999999999.4.7.4` is likely invalid).
+
+If the `options.rtl` flag is set, then `coerce` will return the right-most
+coercible tuple that does not share an ending index with a longer coercible
+tuple.  For example, `1.2.3.4` will return `2.3.4` in rtl mode, not
+`4.0.0`.  `1.2.3/4` will return `4.0.0`, because the `4` is not a part of
+any other overlapping SemVer tuple.
+
+### Clean
+
+* `clean(version)`: Clean a string to be a valid semver if possible
+
+This will return a cleaned and trimmed semver version. If the provided version is not valid a null will be returned. This does not work for ranges. 
+
+ex.
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo')`: `null`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo')`: `null`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
+* `s.clean('=v2.1.5')`: `'2.1.5'`
+* `s.clean('  =v2.1.5')`: `2.1.5`
+* `s.clean('      2.1.5   ')`: `'2.1.5'`
+* `s.clean('~1.0.0')`: `null`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/bin/semver.js b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/bin/semver.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..666034a75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/bin/semver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Standalone semver comparison program.
+// Exits successfully and prints matching version(s) if
+// any supplied version is valid and passes all tests.
+
+var argv = process.argv.slice(2)
+
+var versions = []
+
+var range = []
+
+var inc = null
+
+var version = require('../package.json').version
+
+var loose = false
+
+var includePrerelease = false
+
+var coerce = false
+
+var rtl = false
+
+var identifier
+
+var semver = require('../semver')
+
+var reverse = false
+
+var options = {}
+
+main()
+
+function main () {
+  if (!argv.length) return help()
+  while (argv.length) {
+    var a = argv.shift()
+    var indexOfEqualSign = a.indexOf('=')
+    if (indexOfEqualSign !== -1) {
+      a = a.slice(0, indexOfEqualSign)
+      argv.unshift(a.slice(indexOfEqualSign + 1))
+    }
+    switch (a) {
+      case '-rv': case '-rev': case '--rev': case '--reverse':
+        reverse = true
+        break
+      case '-l': case '--loose':
+        loose = true
+        break
+      case '-p': case '--include-prerelease':
+        includePrerelease = true
+        break
+      case '-v': case '--version':
+        versions.push(argv.shift())
+        break
+      case '-i': case '--inc': case '--increment':
+        switch (argv[0]) {
+          case 'major': case 'minor': case 'patch': case 'prerelease':
+          case 'premajor': case 'preminor': case 'prepatch':
+            inc = argv.shift()
+            break
+          default:
+            inc = 'patch'
+            break
+        }
+        break
+      case '--preid':
+        identifier = argv.shift()
+        break
+      case '-r': case '--range':
+        range.push(argv.shift())
+        break
+      case '-c': case '--coerce':
+        coerce = true
+        break
+      case '--rtl':
+        rtl = true
+        break
+      case '--ltr':
+        rtl = false
+        break
+      case '-h': case '--help': case '-?':
+        return help()
+      default:
+        versions.push(a)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  var options = { loose: loose, includePrerelease: includePrerelease, rtl: rtl }
+
+  versions = versions.map(function (v) {
+    return coerce ? (semver.coerce(v, options) || { version: v }).version : v
+  }).filter(function (v) {
+    return semver.valid(v)
+  })
+  if (!versions.length) return fail()
+  if (inc && (versions.length !== 1 || range.length)) { return failInc() }
+
+  for (var i = 0, l = range.length; i < l; i++) {
+    versions = versions.filter(function (v) {
+      return semver.satisfies(v, range[i], options)
+    })
+    if (!versions.length) return fail()
+  }
+  return success(versions)
+}
+
+function failInc () {
+  console.error('--inc can only be used on a single version with no range')
+  fail()
+}
+
+function fail () { process.exit(1) }
+
+function success () {
+  var compare = reverse ? 'rcompare' : 'compare'
+  versions.sort(function (a, b) {
+    return semver[compare](a, b, options)
+  }).map(function (v) {
+    return semver.clean(v, options)
+  }).map(function (v) {
+    return inc ? semver.inc(v, inc, options, identifier) : v
+  }).forEach(function (v, i, _) { console.log(v) })
+}
+
+function help () {
+  console.log(['SemVer ' + version,
+    '',
+    'A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification',
+    'Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter',
+    '',
+    'Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]',
+    'Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence',
+    '',
+    'Options:',
+    '-r --range <range>',
+    '        Print versions that match the specified range.',
+    '',
+    '-i --increment [<level>]',
+    '        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can',
+    '        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,',
+    "        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.",
+    '        Only one version may be specified.',
+    '',
+    '--preid <identifier>',
+    '        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,',
+    '        prepatch or prerelease version increments.',
+    '',
+    '-l --loose',
+    '        Interpret versions and ranges loosely',
+    '',
+    '-p --include-prerelease',
+    '        Always include prerelease versions in range matching',
+    '',
+    '-c --coerce',
+    '        Coerce a string into SemVer if possible',
+    '        (does not imply --loose)',
+    '',
+    '--rtl',
+    '        Coerce version strings right to left',
+    '',
+    '--ltr',
+    '        Coerce version strings left to right (default)',
+    '',
+    'Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies',
+    'all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.',
+    '',
+    'If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.',
+    '',
+    'Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying',
+    'multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.'
+  ].join('\n'))
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/package.json b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9166e309f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "_from": "semver@^6.0.0",
+  "_id": "semver@6.3.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-b39TBaTSfV6yBrapU89p5fKekE2m/NwnDocOVruQFS1/veMgdzuPcnOM34M6CwxW8jH/lxEa5rBoDeUwu5HHTw==",
+  "_location": "/make-dir/semver",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "semver@^6.0.0",
+    "name": "semver",
+    "escapedName": "semver",
+    "rawSpec": "^6.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^6.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/make-dir"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "ee0a64c8af5e8ceea67687b133761e1becbd1d3d",
+  "_spec": "semver@^6.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\make-dir",
+  "bin": {
+    "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The semantic version parser used by npm.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^14.3.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "bin",
+    "range.bnf",
+    "semver.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "semver.js",
+  "name": "semver",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/node-semver.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true
+  },
+  "version": "6.3.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/range.bnf b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/range.bnf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4c6ae0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/range.bnf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | [1-9] ( [0-9] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/semver.js b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/semver.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..636fa4365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver/semver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1596 @@
+exports = module.exports = SemVer
+
+var debug
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (typeof process === 'object' &&
+    process.env &&
+    process.env.NODE_DEBUG &&
+    /\bsemver\b/i.test(process.env.NODE_DEBUG)) {
+  debug = function () {
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)
+    args.unshift('SEMVER')
+    console.log.apply(console, args)
+  }
+} else {
+  debug = function () {}
+}
+
+// Note: this is the semver.org version of the spec that it implements
+// Not necessarily the package version of this code.
+exports.SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION = '2.0.0'
+
+var MAX_LENGTH = 256
+var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER ||
+  /* istanbul ignore next */ 9007199254740991
+
+// Max safe segment length for coercion.
+var MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH = 16
+
+// The actual regexps go on exports.re
+var re = exports.re = []
+var src = exports.src = []
+var t = exports.tokens = {}
+var R = 0
+
+function tok (n) {
+  t[n] = R++
+}
+
+// The following Regular Expressions can be used for tokenizing,
+// validating, and parsing SemVer version strings.
+
+// ## Numeric Identifier
+// A single `0`, or a non-zero digit followed by zero or more digits.
+
+tok('NUMERICIDENTIFIER')
+src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER] = '0|[1-9]\\d*'
+tok('NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE')
+src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = '[0-9]+'
+
+// ## Non-numeric Identifier
+// Zero or more digits, followed by a letter or hyphen, and then zero or
+// more letters, digits, or hyphens.
+
+tok('NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER')
+src[t.NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] = '\\d*[a-zA-Z-][a-zA-Z0-9-]*'
+
+// ## Main Version
+// Three dot-separated numeric identifiers.
+
+tok('MAINVERSION')
+src[t.MAINVERSION] = '(' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')\\.' +
+                   '(' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')\\.' +
+                   '(' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')'
+
+tok('MAINVERSIONLOOSE')
+src[t.MAINVERSIONLOOSE] = '(' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')\\.' +
+                        '(' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')\\.' +
+                        '(' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')'
+
+// ## Pre-release Version Identifier
+// A numeric identifier, or a non-numeric identifier.
+
+tok('PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER')
+src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] = '(?:' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER] +
+                            '|' + src[t.NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')'
+
+tok('PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE')
+src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = '(?:' + src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] +
+                                 '|' + src[t.NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')'
+
+// ## Pre-release Version
+// Hyphen, followed by one or more dot-separated pre-release version
+// identifiers.
+
+tok('PRERELEASE')
+src[t.PRERELEASE] = '(?:-(' + src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] +
+                  '(?:\\.' + src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] + ')*))'
+
+tok('PRERELEASELOOSE')
+src[t.PRERELEASELOOSE] = '(?:-?(' + src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] +
+                       '(?:\\.' + src[t.PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')*))'
+
+// ## Build Metadata Identifier
+// Any combination of digits, letters, or hyphens.
+
+tok('BUILDIDENTIFIER')
+src[t.BUILDIDENTIFIER] = '[0-9A-Za-z-]+'
+
+// ## Build Metadata
+// Plus sign, followed by one or more period-separated build metadata
+// identifiers.
+
+tok('BUILD')
+src[t.BUILD] = '(?:\\+(' + src[t.BUILDIDENTIFIER] +
+             '(?:\\.' + src[t.BUILDIDENTIFIER] + ')*))'
+
+// ## Full Version String
+// A main version, followed optionally by a pre-release version and
+// build metadata.
+
+// Note that the only major, minor, patch, and pre-release sections of
+// the version string are capturing groups.  The build metadata is not a
+// capturing group, because it should not ever be used in version
+// comparison.
+
+tok('FULL')
+tok('FULLPLAIN')
+src[t.FULLPLAIN] = 'v?' + src[t.MAINVERSION] +
+                  src[t.PRERELEASE] + '?' +
+                  src[t.BUILD] + '?'
+
+src[t.FULL] = '^' + src[t.FULLPLAIN] + '$'
+
+// like full, but allows v1.2.3 and =1.2.3, which people do sometimes.
+// also, 1.0.0alpha1 (prerelease without the hyphen) which is pretty
+// common in the npm registry.
+tok('LOOSEPLAIN')
+src[t.LOOSEPLAIN] = '[v=\\s]*' + src[t.MAINVERSIONLOOSE] +
+                  src[t.PRERELEASELOOSE] + '?' +
+                  src[t.BUILD] + '?'
+
+tok('LOOSE')
+src[t.LOOSE] = '^' + src[t.LOOSEPLAIN] + '$'
+
+tok('GTLT')
+src[t.GTLT] = '((?:<|>)?=?)'
+
+// Something like "2.*" or "1.2.x".
+// Note that "x.x" is a valid xRange identifer, meaning "any version"
+// Only the first item is strictly required.
+tok('XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE')
+src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + '|x|X|\\*'
+tok('XRANGEIDENTIFIER')
+src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER] = src[t.NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + '|x|X|\\*'
+
+tok('XRANGEPLAIN')
+src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] = '[v=\\s]*(' + src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:\\.(' + src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:\\.(' + src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:' + src[t.PRERELEASE] + ')?' +
+                   src[t.BUILD] + '?' +
+                   ')?)?'
+
+tok('XRANGEPLAINLOOSE')
+src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] = '[v=\\s]*(' + src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:\\.(' + src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:\\.(' + src[t.XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:' + src[t.PRERELEASELOOSE] + ')?' +
+                        src[t.BUILD] + '?' +
+                        ')?)?'
+
+tok('XRANGE')
+src[t.XRANGE] = '^' + src[t.GTLT] + '\\s*' + src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] + '$'
+tok('XRANGELOOSE')
+src[t.XRANGELOOSE] = '^' + src[t.GTLT] + '\\s*' + src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$'
+
+// Coercion.
+// Extract anything that could conceivably be a part of a valid semver
+tok('COERCE')
+src[t.COERCE] = '(^|[^\\d])' +
+              '(\\d{1,' + MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH + '})' +
+              '(?:\\.(\\d{1,' + MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH + '}))?' +
+              '(?:\\.(\\d{1,' + MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH + '}))?' +
+              '(?:$|[^\\d])'
+tok('COERCERTL')
+re[t.COERCERTL] = new RegExp(src[t.COERCE], 'g')
+
+// Tilde ranges.
+// Meaning is "reasonably at or greater than"
+tok('LONETILDE')
+src[t.LONETILDE] = '(?:~>?)'
+
+tok('TILDETRIM')
+src[t.TILDETRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[t.LONETILDE] + '\\s+'
+re[t.TILDETRIM] = new RegExp(src[t.TILDETRIM], 'g')
+var tildeTrimReplace = '$1~'
+
+tok('TILDE')
+src[t.TILDE] = '^' + src[t.LONETILDE] + src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] + '$'
+tok('TILDELOOSE')
+src[t.TILDELOOSE] = '^' + src[t.LONETILDE] + src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$'
+
+// Caret ranges.
+// Meaning is "at least and backwards compatible with"
+tok('LONECARET')
+src[t.LONECARET] = '(?:\\^)'
+
+tok('CARETTRIM')
+src[t.CARETTRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[t.LONECARET] + '\\s+'
+re[t.CARETTRIM] = new RegExp(src[t.CARETTRIM], 'g')
+var caretTrimReplace = '$1^'
+
+tok('CARET')
+src[t.CARET] = '^' + src[t.LONECARET] + src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] + '$'
+tok('CARETLOOSE')
+src[t.CARETLOOSE] = '^' + src[t.LONECARET] + src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$'
+
+// A simple gt/lt/eq thing, or just "" to indicate "any version"
+tok('COMPARATORLOOSE')
+src[t.COMPARATORLOOSE] = '^' + src[t.GTLT] + '\\s*(' + src[t.LOOSEPLAIN] + ')$|^$'
+tok('COMPARATOR')
+src[t.COMPARATOR] = '^' + src[t.GTLT] + '\\s*(' + src[t.FULLPLAIN] + ')$|^$'
+
+// An expression to strip any whitespace between the gtlt and the thing
+// it modifies, so that `> 1.2.3` ==> `>1.2.3`
+tok('COMPARATORTRIM')
+src[t.COMPARATORTRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[t.GTLT] +
+                      '\\s*(' + src[t.LOOSEPLAIN] + '|' + src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] + ')'
+
+// this one has to use the /g flag
+re[t.COMPARATORTRIM] = new RegExp(src[t.COMPARATORTRIM], 'g')
+var comparatorTrimReplace = '$1$2$3'
+
+// Something like `1.2.3 - 1.2.4`
+// Note that these all use the loose form, because they'll be
+// checked against either the strict or loose comparator form
+// later.
+tok('HYPHENRANGE')
+src[t.HYPHENRANGE] = '^\\s*(' + src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] + ')' +
+                   '\\s+-\\s+' +
+                   '(' + src[t.XRANGEPLAIN] + ')' +
+                   '\\s*$'
+
+tok('HYPHENRANGELOOSE')
+src[t.HYPHENRANGELOOSE] = '^\\s*(' + src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '\\s+-\\s+' +
+                        '(' + src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '\\s*$'
+
+// Star ranges basically just allow anything at all.
+tok('STAR')
+src[t.STAR] = '(<|>)?=?\\s*\\*'
+
+// Compile to actual regexp objects.
+// All are flag-free, unless they were created above with a flag.
+for (var i = 0; i < R; i++) {
+  debug(i, src[i])
+  if (!re[i]) {
+    re[i] = new RegExp(src[i])
+  }
+}
+
+exports.parse = parse
+function parse (version, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    return version
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (version.length > MAX_LENGTH) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  var r = options.loose ? re[t.LOOSE] : re[t.FULL]
+  if (!r.test(version)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+exports.valid = valid
+function valid (version, options) {
+  var v = parse(version, options)
+  return v ? v.version : null
+}
+
+exports.clean = clean
+function clean (version, options) {
+  var s = parse(version.trim().replace(/^[=v]+/, ''), options)
+  return s ? s.version : null
+}
+
+exports.SemVer = SemVer
+
+function SemVer (version, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    if (version.loose === options.loose) {
+      return version
+    } else {
+      version = version.version
+    }
+  } else if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid Version: ' + version)
+  }
+
+  if (version.length > MAX_LENGTH) {
+    throw new TypeError('version is longer than ' + MAX_LENGTH + ' characters')
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof SemVer)) {
+    return new SemVer(version, options)
+  }
+
+  debug('SemVer', version, options)
+  this.options = options
+  this.loose = !!options.loose
+
+  var m = version.trim().match(options.loose ? re[t.LOOSE] : re[t.FULL])
+
+  if (!m) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid Version: ' + version)
+  }
+
+  this.raw = version
+
+  // these are actually numbers
+  this.major = +m[1]
+  this.minor = +m[2]
+  this.patch = +m[3]
+
+  if (this.major > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.major < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid major version')
+  }
+
+  if (this.minor > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.minor < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid minor version')
+  }
+
+  if (this.patch > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.patch < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid patch version')
+  }
+
+  // numberify any prerelease numeric ids
+  if (!m[4]) {
+    this.prerelease = []
+  } else {
+    this.prerelease = m[4].split('.').map(function (id) {
+      if (/^[0-9]+$/.test(id)) {
+        var num = +id
+        if (num >= 0 && num < MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+          return num
+        }
+      }
+      return id
+    })
+  }
+
+  this.build = m[5] ? m[5].split('.') : []
+  this.format()
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.format = function () {
+  this.version = this.major + '.' + this.minor + '.' + this.patch
+  if (this.prerelease.length) {
+    this.version += '-' + this.prerelease.join('.')
+  }
+  return this.version
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.version
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.compare = function (other) {
+  debug('SemVer.compare', this.version, this.options, other)
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  return this.compareMain(other) || this.comparePre(other)
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.compareMain = function (other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  return compareIdentifiers(this.major, other.major) ||
+         compareIdentifiers(this.minor, other.minor) ||
+         compareIdentifiers(this.patch, other.patch)
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.comparePre = function (other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  // NOT having a prerelease is > having one
+  if (this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length) {
+    return -1
+  } else if (!this.prerelease.length && other.prerelease.length) {
+    return 1
+  } else if (!this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  var i = 0
+  do {
+    var a = this.prerelease[i]
+    var b = other.prerelease[i]
+    debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b)
+    if (a === undefined && b === undefined) {
+      return 0
+    } else if (b === undefined) {
+      return 1
+    } else if (a === undefined) {
+      return -1
+    } else if (a === b) {
+      continue
+    } else {
+      return compareIdentifiers(a, b)
+    }
+  } while (++i)
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.compareBuild = function (other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  var i = 0
+  do {
+    var a = this.build[i]
+    var b = other.build[i]
+    debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b)
+    if (a === undefined && b === undefined) {
+      return 0
+    } else if (b === undefined) {
+      return 1
+    } else if (a === undefined) {
+      return -1
+    } else if (a === b) {
+      continue
+    } else {
+      return compareIdentifiers(a, b)
+    }
+  } while (++i)
+}
+
+// preminor will bump the version up to the next minor release, and immediately
+// down to pre-release. premajor and prepatch work the same way.
+SemVer.prototype.inc = function (release, identifier) {
+  switch (release) {
+    case 'premajor':
+      this.prerelease.length = 0
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.minor = 0
+      this.major++
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+    case 'preminor':
+      this.prerelease.length = 0
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.minor++
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+    case 'prepatch':
+      // If this is already a prerelease, it will bump to the next version
+      // drop any prereleases that might already exist, since they are not
+      // relevant at this point.
+      this.prerelease.length = 0
+      this.inc('patch', identifier)
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+    // If the input is a non-prerelease version, this acts the same as
+    // prepatch.
+    case 'prerelease':
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.inc('patch', identifier)
+      }
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+
+    case 'major':
+      // If this is a pre-major version, bump up to the same major version.
+      // Otherwise increment major.
+      // 1.0.0-5 bumps to 1.0.0
+      // 1.1.0 bumps to 2.0.0
+      if (this.minor !== 0 ||
+          this.patch !== 0 ||
+          this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.major++
+      }
+      this.minor = 0
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.prerelease = []
+      break
+    case 'minor':
+      // If this is a pre-minor version, bump up to the same minor version.
+      // Otherwise increment minor.
+      // 1.2.0-5 bumps to 1.2.0
+      // 1.2.1 bumps to 1.3.0
+      if (this.patch !== 0 || this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.minor++
+      }
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.prerelease = []
+      break
+    case 'patch':
+      // If this is not a pre-release version, it will increment the patch.
+      // If it is a pre-release it will bump up to the same patch version.
+      // 1.2.0-5 patches to 1.2.0
+      // 1.2.0 patches to 1.2.1
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.patch++
+      }
+      this.prerelease = []
+      break
+    // This probably shouldn't be used publicly.
+    // 1.0.0 "pre" would become 1.0.0-0 which is the wrong direction.
+    case 'pre':
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.prerelease = [0]
+      } else {
+        var i = this.prerelease.length
+        while (--i >= 0) {
+          if (typeof this.prerelease[i] === 'number') {
+            this.prerelease[i]++
+            i = -2
+          }
+        }
+        if (i === -1) {
+          // didn't increment anything
+          this.prerelease.push(0)
+        }
+      }
+      if (identifier) {
+        // 1.2.0-beta.1 bumps to 1.2.0-beta.2,
+        // 1.2.0-beta.fooblz or 1.2.0-beta bumps to 1.2.0-beta.0
+        if (this.prerelease[0] === identifier) {
+          if (isNaN(this.prerelease[1])) {
+            this.prerelease = [identifier, 0]
+          }
+        } else {
+          this.prerelease = [identifier, 0]
+        }
+      }
+      break
+
+    default:
+      throw new Error('invalid increment argument: ' + release)
+  }
+  this.format()
+  this.raw = this.version
+  return this
+}
+
+exports.inc = inc
+function inc (version, release, loose, identifier) {
+  if (typeof (loose) === 'string') {
+    identifier = loose
+    loose = undefined
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, loose).inc(release, identifier).version
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+exports.diff = diff
+function diff (version1, version2) {
+  if (eq(version1, version2)) {
+    return null
+  } else {
+    var v1 = parse(version1)
+    var v2 = parse(version2)
+    var prefix = ''
+    if (v1.prerelease.length || v2.prerelease.length) {
+      prefix = 'pre'
+      var defaultResult = 'prerelease'
+    }
+    for (var key in v1) {
+      if (key === 'major' || key === 'minor' || key === 'patch') {
+        if (v1[key] !== v2[key]) {
+          return prefix + key
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return defaultResult // may be undefined
+  }
+}
+
+exports.compareIdentifiers = compareIdentifiers
+
+var numeric = /^[0-9]+$/
+function compareIdentifiers (a, b) {
+  var anum = numeric.test(a)
+  var bnum = numeric.test(b)
+
+  if (anum && bnum) {
+    a = +a
+    b = +b
+  }
+
+  return a === b ? 0
+    : (anum && !bnum) ? -1
+    : (bnum && !anum) ? 1
+    : a < b ? -1
+    : 1
+}
+
+exports.rcompareIdentifiers = rcompareIdentifiers
+function rcompareIdentifiers (a, b) {
+  return compareIdentifiers(b, a)
+}
+
+exports.major = major
+function major (a, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).major
+}
+
+exports.minor = minor
+function minor (a, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).minor
+}
+
+exports.patch = patch
+function patch (a, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).patch
+}
+
+exports.compare = compare
+function compare (a, b, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).compare(new SemVer(b, loose))
+}
+
+exports.compareLoose = compareLoose
+function compareLoose (a, b) {
+  return compare(a, b, true)
+}
+
+exports.compareBuild = compareBuild
+function compareBuild (a, b, loose) {
+  var versionA = new SemVer(a, loose)
+  var versionB = new SemVer(b, loose)
+  return versionA.compare(versionB) || versionA.compareBuild(versionB)
+}
+
+exports.rcompare = rcompare
+function rcompare (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(b, a, loose)
+}
+
+exports.sort = sort
+function sort (list, loose) {
+  return list.sort(function (a, b) {
+    return exports.compareBuild(a, b, loose)
+  })
+}
+
+exports.rsort = rsort
+function rsort (list, loose) {
+  return list.sort(function (a, b) {
+    return exports.compareBuild(b, a, loose)
+  })
+}
+
+exports.gt = gt
+function gt (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) > 0
+}
+
+exports.lt = lt
+function lt (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) < 0
+}
+
+exports.eq = eq
+function eq (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) === 0
+}
+
+exports.neq = neq
+function neq (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) !== 0
+}
+
+exports.gte = gte
+function gte (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) >= 0
+}
+
+exports.lte = lte
+function lte (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) <= 0
+}
+
+exports.cmp = cmp
+function cmp (a, op, b, loose) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case '===':
+      if (typeof a === 'object')
+        a = a.version
+      if (typeof b === 'object')
+        b = b.version
+      return a === b
+
+    case '!==':
+      if (typeof a === 'object')
+        a = a.version
+      if (typeof b === 'object')
+        b = b.version
+      return a !== b
+
+    case '':
+    case '=':
+    case '==':
+      return eq(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '!=':
+      return neq(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '>':
+      return gt(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '>=':
+      return gte(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '<':
+      return lt(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '<=':
+      return lte(a, b, loose)
+
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid operator: ' + op)
+  }
+}
+
+exports.Comparator = Comparator
+function Comparator (comp, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (comp instanceof Comparator) {
+    if (comp.loose === !!options.loose) {
+      return comp
+    } else {
+      comp = comp.value
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Comparator)) {
+    return new Comparator(comp, options)
+  }
+
+  debug('comparator', comp, options)
+  this.options = options
+  this.loose = !!options.loose
+  this.parse(comp)
+
+  if (this.semver === ANY) {
+    this.value = ''
+  } else {
+    this.value = this.operator + this.semver.version
+  }
+
+  debug('comp', this)
+}
+
+var ANY = {}
+Comparator.prototype.parse = function (comp) {
+  var r = this.options.loose ? re[t.COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[t.COMPARATOR]
+  var m = comp.match(r)
+
+  if (!m) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid comparator: ' + comp)
+  }
+
+  this.operator = m[1] !== undefined ? m[1] : ''
+  if (this.operator === '=') {
+    this.operator = ''
+  }
+
+  // if it literally is just '>' or '' then allow anything.
+  if (!m[2]) {
+    this.semver = ANY
+  } else {
+    this.semver = new SemVer(m[2], this.options.loose)
+  }
+}
+
+Comparator.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.value
+}
+
+Comparator.prototype.test = function (version) {
+  debug('Comparator.test', version, this.options.loose)
+
+  if (this.semver === ANY || version === ANY) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version === 'string') {
+    try {
+      version = new SemVer(version, this.options)
+    } catch (er) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  return cmp(version, this.operator, this.semver, this.options)
+}
+
+Comparator.prototype.intersects = function (comp, options) {
+  if (!(comp instanceof Comparator)) {
+    throw new TypeError('a Comparator is required')
+  }
+
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  var rangeTmp
+
+  if (this.operator === '') {
+    if (this.value === '') {
+      return true
+    }
+    rangeTmp = new Range(comp.value, options)
+    return satisfies(this.value, rangeTmp, options)
+  } else if (comp.operator === '') {
+    if (comp.value === '') {
+      return true
+    }
+    rangeTmp = new Range(this.value, options)
+    return satisfies(comp.semver, rangeTmp, options)
+  }
+
+  var sameDirectionIncreasing =
+    (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '>') &&
+    (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '>')
+  var sameDirectionDecreasing =
+    (this.operator === '<=' || this.operator === '<') &&
+    (comp.operator === '<=' || comp.operator === '<')
+  var sameSemVer = this.semver.version === comp.semver.version
+  var differentDirectionsInclusive =
+    (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '<=') &&
+    (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '<=')
+  var oppositeDirectionsLessThan =
+    cmp(this.semver, '<', comp.semver, options) &&
+    ((this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '>') &&
+    (comp.operator === '<=' || comp.operator === '<'))
+  var oppositeDirectionsGreaterThan =
+    cmp(this.semver, '>', comp.semver, options) &&
+    ((this.operator === '<=' || this.operator === '<') &&
+    (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '>'))
+
+  return sameDirectionIncreasing || sameDirectionDecreasing ||
+    (sameSemVer && differentDirectionsInclusive) ||
+    oppositeDirectionsLessThan || oppositeDirectionsGreaterThan
+}
+
+exports.Range = Range
+function Range (range, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (range instanceof Range) {
+    if (range.loose === !!options.loose &&
+        range.includePrerelease === !!options.includePrerelease) {
+      return range
+    } else {
+      return new Range(range.raw, options)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (range instanceof Comparator) {
+    return new Range(range.value, options)
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Range)) {
+    return new Range(range, options)
+  }
+
+  this.options = options
+  this.loose = !!options.loose
+  this.includePrerelease = !!options.includePrerelease
+
+  // First, split based on boolean or ||
+  this.raw = range
+  this.set = range.split(/\s*\|\|\s*/).map(function (range) {
+    return this.parseRange(range.trim())
+  }, this).filter(function (c) {
+    // throw out any that are not relevant for whatever reason
+    return c.length
+  })
+
+  if (!this.set.length) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid SemVer Range: ' + range)
+  }
+
+  this.format()
+}
+
+Range.prototype.format = function () {
+  this.range = this.set.map(function (comps) {
+    return comps.join(' ').trim()
+  }).join('||').trim()
+  return this.range
+}
+
+Range.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.range
+}
+
+Range.prototype.parseRange = function (range) {
+  var loose = this.options.loose
+  range = range.trim()
+  // `1.2.3 - 1.2.4` => `>=1.2.3 <=1.2.4`
+  var hr = loose ? re[t.HYPHENRANGELOOSE] : re[t.HYPHENRANGE]
+  range = range.replace(hr, hyphenReplace)
+  debug('hyphen replace', range)
+  // `> 1.2.3 < 1.2.5` => `>1.2.3 <1.2.5`
+  range = range.replace(re[t.COMPARATORTRIM], comparatorTrimReplace)
+  debug('comparator trim', range, re[t.COMPARATORTRIM])
+
+  // `~ 1.2.3` => `~1.2.3`
+  range = range.replace(re[t.TILDETRIM], tildeTrimReplace)
+
+  // `^ 1.2.3` => `^1.2.3`
+  range = range.replace(re[t.CARETTRIM], caretTrimReplace)
+
+  // normalize spaces
+  range = range.split(/\s+/).join(' ')
+
+  // At this point, the range is completely trimmed and
+  // ready to be split into comparators.
+
+  var compRe = loose ? re[t.COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[t.COMPARATOR]
+  var set = range.split(' ').map(function (comp) {
+    return parseComparator(comp, this.options)
+  }, this).join(' ').split(/\s+/)
+  if (this.options.loose) {
+    // in loose mode, throw out any that are not valid comparators
+    set = set.filter(function (comp) {
+      return !!comp.match(compRe)
+    })
+  }
+  set = set.map(function (comp) {
+    return new Comparator(comp, this.options)
+  }, this)
+
+  return set
+}
+
+Range.prototype.intersects = function (range, options) {
+  if (!(range instanceof Range)) {
+    throw new TypeError('a Range is required')
+  }
+
+  return this.set.some(function (thisComparators) {
+    return (
+      isSatisfiable(thisComparators, options) &&
+      range.set.some(function (rangeComparators) {
+        return (
+          isSatisfiable(rangeComparators, options) &&
+          thisComparators.every(function (thisComparator) {
+            return rangeComparators.every(function (rangeComparator) {
+              return thisComparator.intersects(rangeComparator, options)
+            })
+          })
+        )
+      })
+    )
+  })
+}
+
+// take a set of comparators and determine whether there
+// exists a version which can satisfy it
+function isSatisfiable (comparators, options) {
+  var result = true
+  var remainingComparators = comparators.slice()
+  var testComparator = remainingComparators.pop()
+
+  while (result && remainingComparators.length) {
+    result = remainingComparators.every(function (otherComparator) {
+      return testComparator.intersects(otherComparator, options)
+    })
+
+    testComparator = remainingComparators.pop()
+  }
+
+  return result
+}
+
+// Mostly just for testing and legacy API reasons
+exports.toComparators = toComparators
+function toComparators (range, options) {
+  return new Range(range, options).set.map(function (comp) {
+    return comp.map(function (c) {
+      return c.value
+    }).join(' ').trim().split(' ')
+  })
+}
+
+// comprised of xranges, tildes, stars, and gtlt's at this point.
+// already replaced the hyphen ranges
+// turn into a set of JUST comparators.
+function parseComparator (comp, options) {
+  debug('comp', comp, options)
+  comp = replaceCarets(comp, options)
+  debug('caret', comp)
+  comp = replaceTildes(comp, options)
+  debug('tildes', comp)
+  comp = replaceXRanges(comp, options)
+  debug('xrange', comp)
+  comp = replaceStars(comp, options)
+  debug('stars', comp)
+  return comp
+}
+
+function isX (id) {
+  return !id || id.toLowerCase() === 'x' || id === '*'
+}
+
+// ~, ~> --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ~2, ~2.x, ~2.x.x, ~>2, ~>2.x ~>2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ~2.0, ~2.0.x, ~>2.0, ~>2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <2.1.0
+// ~1.2, ~1.2.x, ~>1.2, ~>1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+// ~1.2.3, ~>1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+// ~1.2.0, ~>1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+function replaceTildes (comp, options) {
+  return comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map(function (comp) {
+    return replaceTilde(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+function replaceTilde (comp, options) {
+  var r = options.loose ? re[t.TILDELOOSE] : re[t.TILDE]
+  return comp.replace(r, function (_, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('tilde', comp, _, M, m, p, pr)
+    var ret
+
+    if (isX(M)) {
+      ret = ''
+    } else if (isX(m)) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+    } else if (isX(p)) {
+      // ~1.2 == >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceTilde pr', pr)
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+            ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    } else {
+      // ~1.2.3 == >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+            ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    }
+
+    debug('tilde return', ret)
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+// ^ --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ^2, ^2.x, ^2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ^2.0, ^2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ^1.2, ^1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+// ^1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <2.0.0
+// ^1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+function replaceCarets (comp, options) {
+  return comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map(function (comp) {
+    return replaceCaret(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+function replaceCaret (comp, options) {
+  debug('caret', comp, options)
+  var r = options.loose ? re[t.CARETLOOSE] : re[t.CARET]
+  return comp.replace(r, function (_, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('caret', comp, _, M, m, p, pr)
+    var ret
+
+    if (isX(M)) {
+      ret = ''
+    } else if (isX(m)) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+    } else if (isX(p)) {
+      if (M === '0') {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+      } else {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+      }
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceCaret pr', pr)
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0') {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + m + '.' + (+p + 1)
+        } else {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+        }
+      } else {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+              ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+      }
+    } else {
+      debug('no pr')
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0') {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + m + '.' + (+p + 1)
+        } else {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+        }
+      } else {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+              ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+      }
+    }
+
+    debug('caret return', ret)
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+function replaceXRanges (comp, options) {
+  debug('replaceXRanges', comp, options)
+  return comp.split(/\s+/).map(function (comp) {
+    return replaceXRange(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+function replaceXRange (comp, options) {
+  comp = comp.trim()
+  var r = options.loose ? re[t.XRANGELOOSE] : re[t.XRANGE]
+  return comp.replace(r, function (ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('xRange', comp, ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr)
+    var xM = isX(M)
+    var xm = xM || isX(m)
+    var xp = xm || isX(p)
+    var anyX = xp
+
+    if (gtlt === '=' && anyX) {
+      gtlt = ''
+    }
+
+    // if we're including prereleases in the match, then we need
+    // to fix this to -0, the lowest possible prerelease value
+    pr = options.includePrerelease ? '-0' : ''
+
+    if (xM) {
+      if (gtlt === '>' || gtlt === '<') {
+        // nothing is allowed
+        ret = '<0.0.0-0'
+      } else {
+        // nothing is forbidden
+        ret = '*'
+      }
+    } else if (gtlt && anyX) {
+      // we know patch is an x, because we have any x at all.
+      // replace X with 0
+      if (xm) {
+        m = 0
+      }
+      p = 0
+
+      if (gtlt === '>') {
+        // >1 => >=2.0.0
+        // >1.2 => >=1.3.0
+        // >1.2.3 => >= 1.2.4
+        gtlt = '>='
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1
+          m = 0
+          p = 0
+        } else {
+          m = +m + 1
+          p = 0
+        }
+      } else if (gtlt === '<=') {
+        // <=0.7.x is actually <0.8.0, since any 0.7.x should
+        // pass.  Similarly, <=7.x is actually <8.0.0, etc.
+        gtlt = '<'
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1
+        } else {
+          m = +m + 1
+        }
+      }
+
+      ret = gtlt + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + pr
+    } else if (xm) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0' + pr + ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0' + pr
+    } else if (xp) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0' + pr +
+        ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0' + pr
+    }
+
+    debug('xRange return', ret)
+
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+// Because * is AND-ed with everything else in the comparator,
+// and '' means "any version", just remove the *s entirely.
+function replaceStars (comp, options) {
+  debug('replaceStars', comp, options)
+  // Looseness is ignored here.  star is always as loose as it gets!
+  return comp.trim().replace(re[t.STAR], '')
+}
+
+// This function is passed to string.replace(re[t.HYPHENRANGE])
+// M, m, patch, prerelease, build
+// 1.2 - 3.4.5 => >=1.2.0 <=3.4.5
+// 1.2.3 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0 Any 3.4.x will do
+// 1.2 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0
+function hyphenReplace ($0,
+  from, fM, fm, fp, fpr, fb,
+  to, tM, tm, tp, tpr, tb) {
+  if (isX(fM)) {
+    from = ''
+  } else if (isX(fm)) {
+    from = '>=' + fM + '.0.0'
+  } else if (isX(fp)) {
+    from = '>=' + fM + '.' + fm + '.0'
+  } else {
+    from = '>=' + from
+  }
+
+  if (isX(tM)) {
+    to = ''
+  } else if (isX(tm)) {
+    to = '<' + (+tM + 1) + '.0.0'
+  } else if (isX(tp)) {
+    to = '<' + tM + '.' + (+tm + 1) + '.0'
+  } else if (tpr) {
+    to = '<=' + tM + '.' + tm + '.' + tp + '-' + tpr
+  } else {
+    to = '<=' + to
+  }
+
+  return (from + ' ' + to).trim()
+}
+
+// if ANY of the sets match ALL of its comparators, then pass
+Range.prototype.test = function (version) {
+  if (!version) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version === 'string') {
+    try {
+      version = new SemVer(version, this.options)
+    } catch (er) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.set.length; i++) {
+    if (testSet(this.set[i], version, this.options)) {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
+function testSet (set, version, options) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+    if (!set[i].test(version)) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (version.prerelease.length && !options.includePrerelease) {
+    // Find the set of versions that are allowed to have prereleases
+    // For example, ^1.2.3-pr.1 desugars to >=1.2.3-pr.1 <2.0.0
+    // That should allow `1.2.3-pr.2` to pass.
+    // However, `1.2.4-alpha.notready` should NOT be allowed,
+    // even though it's within the range set by the comparators.
+    for (i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+      debug(set[i].semver)
+      if (set[i].semver === ANY) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      if (set[i].semver.prerelease.length > 0) {
+        var allowed = set[i].semver
+        if (allowed.major === version.major &&
+            allowed.minor === version.minor &&
+            allowed.patch === version.patch) {
+          return true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Version has a -pre, but it's not one of the ones we like.
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+exports.satisfies = satisfies
+function satisfies (version, range, options) {
+  try {
+    range = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return range.test(version)
+}
+
+exports.maxSatisfying = maxSatisfying
+function maxSatisfying (versions, range, options) {
+  var max = null
+  var maxSV = null
+  try {
+    var rangeObj = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+  versions.forEach(function (v) {
+    if (rangeObj.test(v)) {
+      // satisfies(v, range, options)
+      if (!max || maxSV.compare(v) === -1) {
+        // compare(max, v, true)
+        max = v
+        maxSV = new SemVer(max, options)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return max
+}
+
+exports.minSatisfying = minSatisfying
+function minSatisfying (versions, range, options) {
+  var min = null
+  var minSV = null
+  try {
+    var rangeObj = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+  versions.forEach(function (v) {
+    if (rangeObj.test(v)) {
+      // satisfies(v, range, options)
+      if (!min || minSV.compare(v) === 1) {
+        // compare(min, v, true)
+        min = v
+        minSV = new SemVer(min, options)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return min
+}
+
+exports.minVersion = minVersion
+function minVersion (range, loose) {
+  range = new Range(range, loose)
+
+  var minver = new SemVer('0.0.0')
+  if (range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  minver = new SemVer('0.0.0-0')
+  if (range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  minver = null
+  for (var i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    var comparators = range.set[i]
+
+    comparators.forEach(function (comparator) {
+      // Clone to avoid manipulating the comparator's semver object.
+      var compver = new SemVer(comparator.semver.version)
+      switch (comparator.operator) {
+        case '>':
+          if (compver.prerelease.length === 0) {
+            compver.patch++
+          } else {
+            compver.prerelease.push(0)
+          }
+          compver.raw = compver.format()
+          /* fallthrough */
+        case '':
+        case '>=':
+          if (!minver || gt(minver, compver)) {
+            minver = compver
+          }
+          break
+        case '<':
+        case '<=':
+          /* Ignore maximum versions */
+          break
+        /* istanbul ignore next */
+        default:
+          throw new Error('Unexpected operation: ' + comparator.operator)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (minver && range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+exports.validRange = validRange
+function validRange (range, options) {
+  try {
+    // Return '*' instead of '' so that truthiness works.
+    // This will throw if it's invalid anyway
+    return new Range(range, options).range || '*'
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+// Determine if version is less than all the versions possible in the range
+exports.ltr = ltr
+function ltr (version, range, options) {
+  return outside(version, range, '<', options)
+}
+
+// Determine if version is greater than all the versions possible in the range.
+exports.gtr = gtr
+function gtr (version, range, options) {
+  return outside(version, range, '>', options)
+}
+
+exports.outside = outside
+function outside (version, range, hilo, options) {
+  version = new SemVer(version, options)
+  range = new Range(range, options)
+
+  var gtfn, ltefn, ltfn, comp, ecomp
+  switch (hilo) {
+    case '>':
+      gtfn = gt
+      ltefn = lte
+      ltfn = lt
+      comp = '>'
+      ecomp = '>='
+      break
+    case '<':
+      gtfn = lt
+      ltefn = gte
+      ltfn = gt
+      comp = '<'
+      ecomp = '<='
+      break
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('Must provide a hilo val of "<" or ">"')
+  }
+
+  // If it satisifes the range it is not outside
+  if (satisfies(version, range, options)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // From now on, variable terms are as if we're in "gtr" mode.
+  // but note that everything is flipped for the "ltr" function.
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    var comparators = range.set[i]
+
+    var high = null
+    var low = null
+
+    comparators.forEach(function (comparator) {
+      if (comparator.semver === ANY) {
+        comparator = new Comparator('>=0.0.0')
+      }
+      high = high || comparator
+      low = low || comparator
+      if (gtfn(comparator.semver, high.semver, options)) {
+        high = comparator
+      } else if (ltfn(comparator.semver, low.semver, options)) {
+        low = comparator
+      }
+    })
+
+    // If the edge version comparator has a operator then our version
+    // isn't outside it
+    if (high.operator === comp || high.operator === ecomp) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    // If the lowest version comparator has an operator and our version
+    // is less than it then it isn't higher than the range
+    if ((!low.operator || low.operator === comp) &&
+        ltefn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false
+    } else if (low.operator === ecomp && ltfn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+exports.prerelease = prerelease
+function prerelease (version, options) {
+  var parsed = parse(version, options)
+  return (parsed && parsed.prerelease.length) ? parsed.prerelease : null
+}
+
+exports.intersects = intersects
+function intersects (r1, r2, options) {
+  r1 = new Range(r1, options)
+  r2 = new Range(r2, options)
+  return r1.intersects(r2)
+}
+
+exports.coerce = coerce
+function coerce (version, options) {
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    return version
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version === 'number') {
+    version = String(version)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  options = options || {}
+
+  var match = null
+  if (!options.rtl) {
+    match = version.match(re[t.COERCE])
+  } else {
+    // Find the right-most coercible string that does not share
+    // a terminus with a more left-ward coercible string.
+    // Eg, '1.2.3.4' wants to coerce '2.3.4', not '3.4' or '4'
+    //
+    // Walk through the string checking with a /g regexp
+    // Manually set the index so as to pick up overlapping matches.
+    // Stop when we get a match that ends at the string end, since no
+    // coercible string can be more right-ward without the same terminus.
+    var next
+    while ((next = re[t.COERCERTL].exec(version)) &&
+      (!match || match.index + match[0].length !== version.length)
+    ) {
+      if (!match ||
+          next.index + next[0].length !== match.index + match[0].length) {
+        match = next
+      }
+      re[t.COERCERTL].lastIndex = next.index + next[1].length + next[2].length
+    }
+    // leave it in a clean state
+    re[t.COERCERTL].lastIndex = -1
+  }
+
+  if (match === null) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return parse(match[2] +
+    '.' + (match[3] || '0') +
+    '.' + (match[4] || '0'), options)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/package.json b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd391a268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "_from": "make-dir@^3.1.0",
+  "_id": "make-dir@3.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-g3FeP20LNwhALb/6Cz6Dd4F2ngze0jz7tbzrD2wAV+o9FeNHe4rL+yK2md0J/fiSf1sa1ADhXqi5+oVwOM/eGw==",
+  "_location": "/make-dir",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "make-dir@^3.1.0",
+    "name": "make-dir",
+    "escapedName": "make-dir",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/make-dir/-/make-dir-3.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "415e967046b3a7f1d185277d84aa58203726a13f",
+  "_spec": "make-dir@^3.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/make-dir/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "semver": "^6.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Make a directory and its parents if needed - Think `mkdir -p`",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/graceful-fs": "^4.1.3",
+    "@types/node": "^13.7.1",
+    "ava": "^1.4.0",
+    "codecov": "^3.2.0",
+    "graceful-fs": "^4.1.15",
+    "nyc": "^15.0.0",
+    "path-type": "^4.0.0",
+    "tempy": "^0.2.1",
+    "tsd": "^0.11.0",
+    "xo": "^0.25.4"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "index.d.ts"
+  ],
+  "funding": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/make-dir#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mkdir",
+    "mkdirp",
+    "make",
+    "directories",
+    "dir",
+    "dirs",
+    "folders",
+    "directory",
+    "folder",
+    "path",
+    "parent",
+    "parents",
+    "intermediate",
+    "recursively",
+    "recursive",
+    "create",
+    "fs",
+    "filesystem",
+    "file-system"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "make-dir",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/make-dir.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "xo && nyc ava && tsd"
+  },
+  "version": "3.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/make-dir/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a10a1a424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/make-dir/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# make-dir [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/make-dir.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/make-dir) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/sindresorhus/make-dir/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/sindresorhus/make-dir)
+
+> Make a directory and its parents if needed - Think `mkdir -p`
+
+## Advantages over [`mkdirp`](https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp)
+
+- Promise API *(Async/await ready!)*
+- Fixes many `mkdirp` issues: [#96](https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp/pull/96) [#70](https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp/issues/70) [#66](https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp/issues/66)
+- 100% test coverage
+- CI-tested on macOS, Linux, and Windows
+- Actively maintained
+- Doesn't bundle a CLI
+- Uses the native `fs.mkdir/mkdirSync` [`recursive` option](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/fs.html#fs_fs_mkdir_path_options_callback) in Node.js >=10.12.0 unless [overridden](#fs)
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install make-dir
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```
+$ pwd
+/Users/sindresorhus/fun
+$ tree
+.
+```
+
+```js
+const makeDir = require('make-dir');
+
+(async () => {
+	const path = await makeDir('unicorn/rainbow/cake');
+
+	console.log(path);
+	//=> '/Users/sindresorhus/fun/unicorn/rainbow/cake'
+})();
+```
+
+```
+$ tree
+.
+└── unicorn
+    └── rainbow
+        └── cake
+```
+
+Multiple directories:
+
+```js
+const makeDir = require('make-dir');
+
+(async () => {
+	const paths = await Promise.all([
+		makeDir('unicorn/rainbow'),
+		makeDir('foo/bar')
+	]);
+
+	console.log(paths);
+	/*
+	[
+		'/Users/sindresorhus/fun/unicorn/rainbow',
+		'/Users/sindresorhus/fun/foo/bar'
+	]
+	*/
+})();
+```
+
+## API
+
+### makeDir(path, options?)
+
+Returns a `Promise` for the path to the created directory.
+
+### makeDir.sync(path, options?)
+
+Returns the path to the created directory.
+
+#### path
+
+Type: `string`
+
+Directory to create.
+
+#### options
+
+Type: `object`
+
+##### mode
+
+Type: `integer`\
+Default: `0o777`
+
+Directory [permissions](https://x-team.com/blog/file-system-permissions-umask-node-js/).
+
+##### fs
+
+Type: `object`\
+Default: `require('fs')`
+
+Use a custom `fs` implementation. For example [`graceful-fs`](https://github.com/isaacs/node-graceful-fs).
+
+Using a custom `fs` implementation will block the use of the native `recursive` option if `fs.mkdir` or `fs.mkdirSync` is not the native function.
+
+## Related
+
+- [make-dir-cli](https://github.com/sindresorhus/make-dir-cli) - CLI for this module
+- [del](https://github.com/sindresorhus/del) - Delete files and directories
+- [globby](https://github.com/sindresorhus/globby) - User-friendly glob matching
+- [cpy](https://github.com/sindresorhus/cpy) - Copy files
+- [cpy-cli](https://github.com/sindresorhus/cpy-cli) - Copy files on the command-line
+- [move-file](https://github.com/sindresorhus/move-file) - Move a file
+
+---
+
+<div align="center">
+	<b>
+		<a href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-make-dir?utm_source=npm-make-dir&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme">Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription</a>
+	</b>
+	<br>
+	<sub>
+		Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies<br>assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.
+	</sub>
+</div>
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/media-typer/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62c200316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+0.3.0 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+  * Throw error when parameter format invalid on parse
+
+0.2.0 / 2014-06-18
+==================
+
+  * Add `typer.format()` to format media types
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-06-17
+==================
+
+  * Accept `req` as argument to `parse`
+  * Accept `res` as argument to `parse`
+  * Parse media type with extra LWS between type and first parameter
+
+0.0.0 / 2014-06-13
+==================
+
+  * Initial implementation
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/media-typer/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7dce6cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/media-typer/README.md b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8df62347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# media-typer
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Simple RFC 6838 media type parser
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install media-typer
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var typer = require('media-typer')
+```
+
+### typer.parse(string)
+
+```js
+var obj = typer.parse('image/svg+xml; charset=utf-8')
+```
+
+Parse a media type string. This will return an object with the following
+properties (examples are shown for the string `'image/svg+xml; charset=utf-8'`):
+
+ - `type`: The type of the media type (always lower case). Example: `'image'`
+
+ - `subtype`: The subtype of the media type (always lower case). Example: `'svg'`
+
+ - `suffix`: The suffix of the media type (always lower case). Example: `'xml'`
+
+ - `parameters`: An object of the parameters in the media type (name of parameter always lower case). Example: `{charset: 'utf-8'}`
+
+### typer.parse(req)
+
+```js
+var obj = typer.parse(req)
+```
+
+Parse the `content-type` header from the given `req`. Short-cut for
+`typer.parse(req.headers['content-type'])`.
+
+### typer.parse(res)
+
+```js
+var obj = typer.parse(res)
+```
+
+Parse the `content-type` header set on the given `res`. Short-cut for
+`typer.parse(res.getHeader('content-type'))`.
+
+### typer.format(obj)
+
+```js
+var obj = typer.format({type: 'image', subtype: 'svg', suffix: 'xml'})
+```
+
+Format an object into a media type string. This will return a string of the
+mime type for the given object. For the properties of the object, see the
+documentation for `typer.parse(string)`.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/media-typer.svg?style=flat
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/media-typer
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/node.js-%3E%3D_0.6-brightgreen.svg?style=flat
+[node-version-url]: http://nodejs.org/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/media-typer.svg?style=flat
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/media-typer
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/media-typer.svg?style=flat
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/media-typer
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/media-typer.svg?style=flat
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/media-typer
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/media-typer/index.js b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07f7295ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+/*!
+ * media-typer
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match *( ";" parameter ) in RFC 2616 sec 3.7
+ *
+ * parameter     = token "=" ( token | quoted-string )
+ * token         = 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or separators>
+ * separators    = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@"
+ *               | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
+ *               | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "="
+ *               | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
+ * quoted-string = ( <"> *(qdtext | quoted-pair ) <"> )
+ * qdtext        = <any TEXT except <">>
+ * quoted-pair   = "\" CHAR
+ * CHAR          = <any US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127)>
+ * TEXT          = <any OCTET except CTLs, but including LWS>
+ * LWS           = [CRLF] 1*( SP | HT )
+ * CRLF          = CR LF
+ * CR            = <US-ASCII CR, carriage return (13)>
+ * LF            = <US-ASCII LF, linefeed (10)>
+ * SP            = <US-ASCII SP, space (32)>
+ * SHT           = <US-ASCII HT, horizontal-tab (9)>
+ * CTL           = <any US-ASCII control character (octets 0 - 31) and DEL (127)>
+ * OCTET         = <any 8-bit sequence of data>
+ */
+var paramRegExp = /; *([!#$%&'\*\+\-\.0-9A-Z\^_`a-z\|~]+) *= *("(?:[ !\u0023-\u005b\u005d-\u007e\u0080-\u00ff]|\\[\u0020-\u007e])*"|[!#$%&'\*\+\-\.0-9A-Z\^_`a-z\|~]+) */g;
+var textRegExp = /^[\u0020-\u007e\u0080-\u00ff]+$/
+var tokenRegExp = /^[!#$%&'\*\+\-\.0-9A-Z\^_`a-z\|~]+$/
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match quoted-pair in RFC 2616
+ *
+ * quoted-pair = "\" CHAR
+ * CHAR        = <any US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127)>
+ */
+var qescRegExp = /\\([\u0000-\u007f])/g;
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match chars that must be quoted-pair in RFC 2616
+ */
+var quoteRegExp = /([\\"])/g;
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match type in RFC 6838
+ *
+ * type-name = restricted-name
+ * subtype-name = restricted-name
+ * restricted-name = restricted-name-first *126restricted-name-chars
+ * restricted-name-first  = ALPHA / DIGIT
+ * restricted-name-chars  = ALPHA / DIGIT / "!" / "#" /
+ *                          "$" / "&" / "-" / "^" / "_"
+ * restricted-name-chars =/ "." ; Characters before first dot always
+ *                              ; specify a facet name
+ * restricted-name-chars =/ "+" ; Characters after last plus always
+ *                              ; specify a structured syntax suffix
+ * ALPHA =  %x41-5A / %x61-7A   ; A-Z / a-z
+ * DIGIT =  %x30-39             ; 0-9
+ */
+var subtypeNameRegExp = /^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9!#$&^_.-]{0,126}$/
+var typeNameRegExp = /^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9!#$&^_-]{0,126}$/
+var typeRegExp = /^ *([A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9!#$&^_-]{0,126})\/([A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9!#$&^_.+-]{0,126}) *$/;
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+exports.format = format
+exports.parse = parse
+
+/**
+ * Format object to media type.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ * @return {string}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function format(obj) {
+  if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument obj is required')
+  }
+
+  var parameters = obj.parameters
+  var subtype = obj.subtype
+  var suffix = obj.suffix
+  var type = obj.type
+
+  if (!type || !typeNameRegExp.test(type)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid type')
+  }
+
+  if (!subtype || !subtypeNameRegExp.test(subtype)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid subtype')
+  }
+
+  // format as type/subtype
+  var string = type + '/' + subtype
+
+  // append +suffix
+  if (suffix) {
+    if (!typeNameRegExp.test(suffix)) {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid suffix')
+    }
+
+    string += '+' + suffix
+  }
+
+  // append parameters
+  if (parameters && typeof parameters === 'object') {
+    var param
+    var params = Object.keys(parameters).sort()
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+      param = params[i]
+
+      if (!tokenRegExp.test(param)) {
+        throw new TypeError('invalid parameter name')
+      }
+
+      string += '; ' + param + '=' + qstring(parameters[param])
+    }
+  }
+
+  return string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse media type to object.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} string
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function parse(string) {
+  if (!string) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument string is required')
+  }
+
+  // support req/res-like objects as argument
+  if (typeof string === 'object') {
+    string = getcontenttype(string)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof string !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument string is required to be a string')
+  }
+
+  var index = string.indexOf(';')
+  var type = index !== -1
+    ? string.substr(0, index)
+    : string
+
+  var key
+  var match
+  var obj = splitType(type)
+  var params = {}
+  var value
+
+  paramRegExp.lastIndex = index
+
+  while (match = paramRegExp.exec(string)) {
+    if (match.index !== index) {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid parameter format')
+    }
+
+    index += match[0].length
+    key = match[1].toLowerCase()
+    value = match[2]
+
+    if (value[0] === '"') {
+      // remove quotes and escapes
+      value = value
+        .substr(1, value.length - 2)
+        .replace(qescRegExp, '$1')
+    }
+
+    params[key] = value
+  }
+
+  if (index !== -1 && index !== string.length) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid parameter format')
+  }
+
+  obj.parameters = params
+
+  return obj
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get content-type from req/res objects.
+ *
+ * @param {object}
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getcontenttype(obj) {
+  if (typeof obj.getHeader === 'function') {
+    // res-like
+    return obj.getHeader('content-type')
+  }
+
+  if (typeof obj.headers === 'object') {
+    // req-like
+    return obj.headers && obj.headers['content-type']
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Quote a string if necessary.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @return {string}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function qstring(val) {
+  var str = String(val)
+
+  // no need to quote tokens
+  if (tokenRegExp.test(str)) {
+    return str
+  }
+
+  if (str.length > 0 && !textRegExp.test(str)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid parameter value')
+  }
+
+  return '"' + str.replace(quoteRegExp, '\\$1') + '"'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Simply "type/subtype+siffx" into parts.
+ *
+ * @param {string} string
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function splitType(string) {
+  var match = typeRegExp.exec(string.toLowerCase())
+
+  if (!match) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid media type')
+  }
+
+  var type = match[1]
+  var subtype = match[2]
+  var suffix
+
+  // suffix after last +
+  var index = subtype.lastIndexOf('+')
+  if (index !== -1) {
+    suffix = subtype.substr(index + 1)
+    subtype = subtype.substr(0, index)
+  }
+
+  var obj = {
+    type: type,
+    subtype: subtype,
+    suffix: suffix
+  }
+
+  return obj
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/media-typer/package.json b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e3c4236a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/media-typer/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "_from": "media-typer@0.3.0",
+  "_id": "media-typer@0.3.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-hxDXrwqmJvj/+hzgAWhUUmMlV0g=",
+  "_location": "/media-typer",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "media-typer@0.3.0",
+    "name": "media-typer",
+    "escapedName": "media-typer",
+    "rawSpec": "0.3.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.3.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/type-is"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/media-typer/-/media-typer-0.3.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "8710d7af0aa626f8fffa1ce00168545263255748",
+  "_spec": "media-typer@0.3.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\type-is",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/media-typer/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Simple RFC 6838 media type parser and formatter",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.3.2",
+    "mocha": "~1.21.4",
+    "should": "~4.0.4"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/media-typer#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "media-typer",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/media-typer.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "0.3.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c4ab31e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - '4'
+  - '6'
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56fce0895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 Mathias Buus
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/README.md b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aed176140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# memory-pager
+
+Access memory using small fixed sized buffers instead of allocating a huge buffer.
+Useful if you are implementing sparse data structures (such as large bitfield).
+
+![travis](https://travis-ci.org/mafintosh/memory-pager.svg?branch=master)
+
+```
+npm install memory-pager
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+``` js
+var pager = require('paged-memory')
+
+var pages = pager(1024) // use 1kb per page
+
+var page = pages.get(10) // get page #10
+
+console.log(page.offset) // 10240
+console.log(page.buffer) // a blank 1kb buffer
+```
+
+## API
+
+#### `var pages = pager(pageSize)`
+
+Create a new pager. `pageSize` defaults to `1024`.
+
+#### `var page = pages.get(pageNumber, [noAllocate])`
+
+Get a page. The page will be allocated at first access.
+
+Optionally you can set the `noAllocate` flag which will make the
+method return undefined if no page has been allocated already
+
+A page looks like this
+
+``` js
+{
+  offset: byteOffset,
+  buffer: bufferWithPageSize
+}
+```
+
+#### `pages.set(pageNumber, buffer)`
+
+Explicitly set the buffer for a page.
+
+#### `pages.updated(page)`
+
+Mark a page as updated.
+
+#### `pages.lastUpdate()`
+
+Get the last page that was updated.
+
+#### `var buf = pages.toBuffer()`
+
+Concat all pages allocated pages into a single buffer
+
+## License
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/index.js b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..687f346f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+module.exports = Pager
+
+function Pager (pageSize, opts) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Pager)) return new Pager(pageSize, opts)
+
+  this.length = 0
+  this.updates = []
+  this.path = new Uint16Array(4)
+  this.pages = new Array(32768)
+  this.maxPages = this.pages.length
+  this.level = 0
+  this.pageSize = pageSize || 1024
+  this.deduplicate = opts ? opts.deduplicate : null
+  this.zeros = this.deduplicate ? alloc(this.deduplicate.length) : null
+}
+
+Pager.prototype.updated = function (page) {
+  while (this.deduplicate && page.buffer[page.deduplicate] === this.deduplicate[page.deduplicate]) {
+    page.deduplicate++
+    if (page.deduplicate === this.deduplicate.length) {
+      page.deduplicate = 0
+      if (page.buffer.equals && page.buffer.equals(this.deduplicate)) page.buffer = this.deduplicate
+      break
+    }
+  }
+  if (page.updated || !this.updates) return
+  page.updated = true
+  this.updates.push(page)
+}
+
+Pager.prototype.lastUpdate = function () {
+  if (!this.updates || !this.updates.length) return null
+  var page = this.updates.pop()
+  page.updated = false
+  return page
+}
+
+Pager.prototype._array = function (i, noAllocate) {
+  if (i >= this.maxPages) {
+    if (noAllocate) return
+    grow(this, i)
+  }
+
+  factor(i, this.path)
+
+  var arr = this.pages
+
+  for (var j = this.level; j > 0; j--) {
+    var p = this.path[j]
+    var next = arr[p]
+
+    if (!next) {
+      if (noAllocate) return
+      next = arr[p] = new Array(32768)
+    }
+
+    arr = next
+  }
+
+  return arr
+}
+
+Pager.prototype.get = function (i, noAllocate) {
+  var arr = this._array(i, noAllocate)
+  var first = this.path[0]
+  var page = arr && arr[first]
+
+  if (!page && !noAllocate) {
+    page = arr[first] = new Page(i, alloc(this.pageSize))
+    if (i >= this.length) this.length = i + 1
+  }
+
+  if (page && page.buffer === this.deduplicate && this.deduplicate && !noAllocate) {
+    page.buffer = copy(page.buffer)
+    page.deduplicate = 0
+  }
+
+  return page
+}
+
+Pager.prototype.set = function (i, buf) {
+  var arr = this._array(i, false)
+  var first = this.path[0]
+
+  if (i >= this.length) this.length = i + 1
+
+  if (!buf || (this.zeros && buf.equals && buf.equals(this.zeros))) {
+    arr[first] = undefined
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (this.deduplicate && buf.equals && buf.equals(this.deduplicate)) {
+    buf = this.deduplicate
+  }
+
+  var page = arr[first]
+  var b = truncate(buf, this.pageSize)
+
+  if (page) page.buffer = b
+  else arr[first] = new Page(i, b)
+}
+
+Pager.prototype.toBuffer = function () {
+  var list = new Array(this.length)
+  var empty = alloc(this.pageSize)
+  var ptr = 0
+
+  while (ptr < list.length) {
+    var arr = this._array(ptr, true)
+    for (var i = 0; i < 32768 && ptr < list.length; i++) {
+      list[ptr++] = (arr && arr[i]) ? arr[i].buffer : empty
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Buffer.concat(list)
+}
+
+function grow (pager, index) {
+  while (pager.maxPages < index) {
+    var old = pager.pages
+    pager.pages = new Array(32768)
+    pager.pages[0] = old
+    pager.level++
+    pager.maxPages *= 32768
+  }
+}
+
+function truncate (buf, len) {
+  if (buf.length === len) return buf
+  if (buf.length > len) return buf.slice(0, len)
+  var cpy = alloc(len)
+  buf.copy(cpy)
+  return cpy
+}
+
+function alloc (size) {
+  if (Buffer.alloc) return Buffer.alloc(size)
+  var buf = new Buffer(size)
+  buf.fill(0)
+  return buf
+}
+
+function copy (buf) {
+  var cpy = Buffer.allocUnsafe ? Buffer.allocUnsafe(buf.length) : new Buffer(buf.length)
+  buf.copy(cpy)
+  return cpy
+}
+
+function Page (i, buf) {
+  this.offset = i * buf.length
+  this.buffer = buf
+  this.updated = false
+  this.deduplicate = 0
+}
+
+function factor (n, out) {
+  n = (n - (out[0] = (n & 32767))) / 32768
+  n = (n - (out[1] = (n & 32767))) / 32768
+  out[3] = ((n - (out[2] = (n & 32767))) / 32768) & 32767
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/package.json b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8f0bfac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "_from": "memory-pager@^1.0.2",
+  "_id": "memory-pager@1.5.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-ZS4Bp4r/Zoeq6+NLJpP+0Zzm0pR8whtGPf1XExKLJBAczGMnSi3It14OiNCStjQjM6NU1okjQGSxgEZN8eBYKg==",
+  "_location": "/memory-pager",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "memory-pager@^1.0.2",
+    "name": "memory-pager",
+    "escapedName": "memory-pager",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/sparse-bitfield"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/memory-pager/-/memory-pager-1.5.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d8751655d22d384682741c972f2c3d6dfa3e66b5",
+  "_spec": "memory-pager@^1.0.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\sparse-bitfield",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Mathias Buus",
+    "url": "@mafintosh"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mafintosh/memory-pager/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Access memory using small fixed sized buffers",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^9.0.0",
+    "tape": "^4.6.3"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mafintosh/memory-pager",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "memory-pager",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/mafintosh/memory-pager.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tape test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.5.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/test.js b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..163821003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/memory-pager/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+var tape = require('tape')
+var pager = require('./')
+
+tape('get page', function (t) {
+  var pages = pager(1024)
+
+  var page = pages.get(0)
+
+  t.same(page.offset, 0)
+  t.same(page.buffer, Buffer.alloc(1024))
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('get page twice', function (t) {
+  var pages = pager(1024)
+  t.same(pages.length, 0)
+
+  var page = pages.get(0)
+
+  t.same(page.offset, 0)
+  t.same(page.buffer, Buffer.alloc(1024))
+  t.same(pages.length, 1)
+
+  var other = pages.get(0)
+
+  t.same(other, page)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('get no mutable page', function (t) {
+  var pages = pager(1024)
+
+  t.ok(!pages.get(141, true))
+  t.ok(pages.get(141))
+  t.ok(pages.get(141, true))
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('get far out page', function (t) {
+  var pages = pager(1024)
+
+  var page = pages.get(1000000)
+
+  t.same(page.offset, 1000000 * 1024)
+  t.same(page.buffer, Buffer.alloc(1024))
+  t.same(pages.length, 1000000 + 1)
+
+  var other = pages.get(1)
+
+  t.same(other.offset, 1024)
+  t.same(other.buffer, Buffer.alloc(1024))
+  t.same(pages.length, 1000000 + 1)
+  t.ok(other !== page)
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('updates', function (t) {
+  var pages = pager(1024)
+
+  t.same(pages.lastUpdate(), null)
+
+  var page = pages.get(10)
+
+  page.buffer[42] = 1
+  pages.updated(page)
+
+  t.same(pages.lastUpdate(), page)
+  t.same(pages.lastUpdate(), null)
+
+  page.buffer[42] = 2
+  pages.updated(page)
+  pages.updated(page)
+
+  t.same(pages.lastUpdate(), page)
+  t.same(pages.lastUpdate(), null)
+
+  t.end()
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..486771f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+1.0.1 / 2016-01-17
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.0.0 / 2015-03-01
+==================
+
+  * Add option to only add new descriptors
+  * Add simple argument validation
+  * Add jsdoc to source file
+
+0.0.2 / 2013-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Move repository to `component` organization
+
+0.0.1 / 2013-10-29
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..274bfd82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/README.md b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d593c0ebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Merge Descriptors
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Merge objects using descriptors.
+
+```js
+var thing = {
+  get name() {
+    return 'jon'
+  }
+}
+
+var animal = {
+
+}
+
+merge(animal, thing)
+
+animal.name === 'jon'
+```
+
+## API
+
+### merge(destination, source)
+
+Redefines `destination`'s descriptors with `source`'s.
+
+### merge(destination, source, false)
+
+Defines `source`'s descriptors on `destination` if `destination` does not have
+a descriptor by the same name.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/merge-descriptors.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/merge-descriptors
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/component/merge-descriptors/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/component/merge-descriptors
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/component/merge-descriptors/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/component/merge-descriptors?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/merge-descriptors.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/merge-descriptors
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/index.js b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573b132eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*!
+ * merge-descriptors
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = merge
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
+
+/**
+ * Merge the property descriptors of `src` into `dest`
+ *
+ * @param {object} dest Object to add descriptors to
+ * @param {object} src Object to clone descriptors from
+ * @param {boolean} [redefine=true] Redefine `dest` properties with `src` properties
+ * @returns {object} Reference to dest
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function merge(dest, src, redefine) {
+  if (!dest) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument dest is required')
+  }
+
+  if (!src) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument src is required')
+  }
+
+  if (redefine === undefined) {
+    // Default to true
+    redefine = true
+  }
+
+  Object.getOwnPropertyNames(src).forEach(function forEachOwnPropertyName(name) {
+    if (!redefine && hasOwnProperty.call(dest, name)) {
+      // Skip desriptor
+      return
+    }
+
+    // Copy descriptor
+    var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(src, name)
+    Object.defineProperty(dest, name, descriptor)
+  })
+
+  return dest
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/package.json b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..504ff40f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/merge-descriptors/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "merge-descriptors@1.0.1",
+  "_id": "merge-descriptors@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-sAqqVW3YtEVoFQ7J0blT8/kMu2E=",
+  "_location": "/merge-descriptors",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "merge-descriptors@1.0.1",
+    "name": "merge-descriptors",
+    "escapedName": "merge-descriptors",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/merge-descriptors/-/merge-descriptors-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "b00aaa556dd8b44568150ec9d1b953f3f90cbb61",
+  "_spec": "merge-descriptors@1.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+    "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+    "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/component/merge-descriptors/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mike Grabowski",
+      "email": "grabbou@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Merge objects using descriptors",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.4.1",
+    "mocha": "1.21.5"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/component/merge-descriptors#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "merge-descriptors",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/component/merge-descriptors.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/methods/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/methods/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0ecf072d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/methods/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+1.1.2 / 2016-01-17
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * Improve `browserify` support
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-07-05
+==================
+
+  * Add `CONNECT` method
+ 
+1.0.1 / 2014-06-02
+==================
+
+  * Fix module to work with harmony transform
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-05-08
+==================
+
+  * Add `PURGE` method
+
+0.1.0 / 2013-10-28
+==================
+
+  * Add `http.METHODS` support
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/methods/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/methods/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..220dc1a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/methods/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/methods/README.md b/backend/node_modules/methods/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..672a32bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/methods/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Methods
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+HTTP verbs that Node.js core's HTTP parser supports.
+
+This module provides an export that is just like `http.METHODS` from Node.js core,
+with the following differences:
+
+  * All method names are lower-cased.
+  * Contains a fallback list of methods for Node.js versions that do not have a
+    `http.METHODS` export (0.10 and lower).
+  * Provides the fallback list when using tools like `browserify` without pulling
+    in the `http` shim module.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+$ npm install methods
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var methods = require('methods')
+```
+
+### methods
+
+This is an array of lower-cased method names that Node.js supports. If Node.js
+provides the `http.METHODS` export, then this is the same array lower-cased,
+otherwise it is a snapshot of the verbs from Node.js 0.10.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/methods.svg?style=flat
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/methods
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/methods.svg?style=flat
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/methods.svg?style=flat
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/methods
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/methods.svg?style=flat
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/methods?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/methods.svg?style=flat
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/methods
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/methods/index.js b/backend/node_modules/methods/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..667a50bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/methods/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*!
+ * methods
+ * Copyright(c) 2013-2014 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2015-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var http = require('http');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = getCurrentNodeMethods() || getBasicNodeMethods();
+
+/**
+ * Get the current Node.js methods.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getCurrentNodeMethods() {
+  return http.METHODS && http.METHODS.map(function lowerCaseMethod(method) {
+    return method.toLowerCase();
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the "basic" Node.js methods, a snapshot from Node.js 0.10.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getBasicNodeMethods() {
+  return [
+    'get',
+    'post',
+    'put',
+    'head',
+    'delete',
+    'options',
+    'trace',
+    'copy',
+    'lock',
+    'mkcol',
+    'move',
+    'purge',
+    'propfind',
+    'proppatch',
+    'unlock',
+    'report',
+    'mkactivity',
+    'checkout',
+    'merge',
+    'm-search',
+    'notify',
+    'subscribe',
+    'unsubscribe',
+    'patch',
+    'search',
+    'connect'
+  ];
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/methods/package.json b/backend/node_modules/methods/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..305063eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/methods/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "_from": "methods@~1.1.2",
+  "_id": "methods@1.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-VSmk1nZUE07cxSZmVoNbD4Ua/O4=",
+  "_location": "/methods",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "methods@~1.1.2",
+    "name": "methods",
+    "escapedName": "methods",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/methods/-/methods-1.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "5529a4d67654134edcc5266656835b0f851afcee",
+  "_spec": "methods@~1.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "browser": {
+    "http": false
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/methods/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+      "email": "tj@vision-media.ca",
+      "url": "http://tjholowaychuk.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "HTTP methods that node supports",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.4.1",
+    "mocha": "1.21.5"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/methods#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "methods"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "methods",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/methods.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-db/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff9438ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+1.48.0 / 2021-05-30
+===================
+
+  * Add extension `.mvt` to `application/vnd.mapbox-vector-tile`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Mark `text/yaml` as compressible
+
+1.47.0 / 2021-04-01
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Remove ambigious extensions from IANA for `application/*+xml` types
+  * Update primary extension to `.es` for `application/ecmascript`
+
+1.46.0 / 2021-02-13
+===================
+
+  * Add extension `.amr` to `audio/amr`
+  * Add extension `.m4s` to `video/iso.segment`
+  * Add extension `.opus` to `audio/ogg`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.45.0 / 2020-09-22
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/ubjson` with extension `.ubj`
+  * Add `image/avif` with extension `.avif`
+  * Add `image/ktx2` with extension `.ktx2`
+  * Add extension `.dbf` to `application/vnd.dbf`
+  * Add extension `.rar` to `application/vnd.rar`
+  * Add extension `.td` to `application/urc-targetdesc+xml`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Fix extension of `application/vnd.apple.keynote` to be `.key`
+
+1.44.0 / 2020-04-22
+===================
+
+  * Add charsets from IANA
+  * Add extension `.cjs` to `application/node`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.43.0 / 2020-01-05
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/x-keepass2` with extension `.kdbx`
+  * Add extension `.mxmf` to `audio/mobile-xmf`
+  * Add extensions from IANA for `application/*+xml` types
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.42.0 / 2019-09-25
+===================
+
+  * Add `image/vnd.ms-dds` with extension `.dds`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Remove compressible from `multipart/mixed`
+
+1.41.0 / 2019-08-30
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add `application/toml` with extension `.toml`
+  * Mark `font/ttf` as compressible
+
+1.40.0 / 2019-04-20
+===================
+
+  * Add extensions from IANA for `model/*` types
+  * Add `text/mdx` with extension `.mdx`
+
+1.39.0 / 2019-04-04
+===================
+
+  * Add extensions `.siv` and `.sieve` to `application/sieve`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.38.0 / 2019-02-04
+===================
+
+  * Add extension `.nq` to `application/n-quads`
+  * Add extension `.nt` to `application/n-triples`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Mark `text/less` as compressible
+
+1.37.0 / 2018-10-19
+===================
+
+  * Add extensions to HEIC image types
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.36.0 / 2018-08-20
+===================
+
+  * Add Apple file extensions from IANA
+  * Add extensions from IANA for `image/*` types
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.35.0 / 2018-07-15
+===================
+
+  * Add extension `.owl` to `application/rdf+xml`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Removes extension `.woff` from `application/font-woff`
+
+1.34.0 / 2018-06-03
+===================
+
+  * Add extension `.csl` to `application/vnd.citationstyles.style+xml`
+  * Add extension `.es` to `application/ecmascript`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add `UTF-8` as default charset for `text/turtle`
+  * Mark all XML-derived types as compressible
+
+1.33.0 / 2018-02-15
+===================
+
+  * Add extensions from IANA for `message/*` types
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Fix some incorrect OOXML types
+  * Remove `application/font-woff2`
+
+1.32.0 / 2017-11-29
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Update `text/hjson` to registered `application/hjson`
+  * Add `text/shex` with extension `.shex`
+
+1.31.0 / 2017-10-25
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/raml+yaml` with extension `.raml`
+  * Add `application/wasm` with extension `.wasm`
+  * Add new `font` type from IANA
+  * Add new upstream font extensions
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add extensions for JPEG-2000 images
+
+1.30.0 / 2017-08-27
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.ms-outlook`
+  * Add `application/x-arj`
+  * Add extension `.mjs` to `application/javascript`
+  * Add glTF types and extensions
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add `text/x-org`
+  * Add VirtualBox MIME types
+  * Fix `source` records for `video/*` types that are IANA
+  * Update `font/opentype` to registered `font/otf`
+
+1.29.0 / 2017-07-10
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/fido.trusted-apps+json`
+  * Add extension `.wadl` to `application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add `UTF-8` as default charset for `text/css`
+
+1.28.0 / 2017-05-14
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add extension `.gz` to `application/gzip`
+  * Update extensions `.md` and `.markdown` to be `text/markdown`
+
+1.27.0 / 2017-03-16
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add `image/apng` with extension `.apng`
+
+1.26.0 / 2017-01-14
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add extension `.geojson` to `application/geo+json`
+
+1.25.0 / 2016-11-11
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.24.0 / 2016-09-18
+===================
+
+  * Add `audio/mp3`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.23.0 / 2016-05-01
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Add extension `.3gpp` to `audio/3gpp`
+
+1.22.0 / 2016-02-15
+===================
+
+  * Add `text/slim`
+  * Add extension `.rng` to `application/xml`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+  * Fix extension of `application/dash+xml` to be `.mpd`
+  * Update primary extension to `.m4a` for `audio/mp4`
+
+1.21.0 / 2016-01-06
+===================
+
+  * Add Google document types
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.20.0 / 2015-11-10
+===================
+
+  * Add `text/x-suse-ymp`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.19.0 / 2015-09-17
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.apple.pkpass`
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.18.0 / 2015-09-03
+===================
+
+  * Add new upstream MIME types
+
+1.17.0 / 2015-08-13
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/x-msdos-program`
+  * Add `audio/g711-0`
+  * Add `image/vnd.mozilla.apng`
+  * Add extension `.exe` to `application/x-msdos-program`
+
+1.16.0 / 2015-07-29
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.uri-map`
+
+1.15.0 / 2015-07-13
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/x-httpd-php`
+
+1.14.0 / 2015-06-25
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/scim+json`
+  * Add `application/vnd.3gpp.ussd+xml`
+  * Add `application/vnd.biopax.rdf+xml`
+  * Add `text/x-processing`
+
+1.13.0 / 2015-06-07
+===================
+
+  * Add nginx as a source
+  * Add `application/x-cocoa`
+  * Add `application/x-java-archive-diff`
+  * Add `application/x-makeself`
+  * Add `application/x-perl`
+  * Add `application/x-pilot`
+  * Add `application/x-redhat-package-manager`
+  * Add `application/x-sea`
+  * Add `audio/x-m4a`
+  * Add `audio/x-realaudio`
+  * Add `image/x-jng`
+  * Add `text/mathml`
+
+1.12.0 / 2015-06-05
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/bdoc`
+  * Add `application/vnd.hyperdrive+json`
+  * Add `application/x-bdoc`
+  * Add extension `.rtf` to `text/rtf`
+
+1.11.0 / 2015-05-31
+===================
+
+  * Add `audio/wav`
+  * Add `audio/wave`
+  * Add extension `.litcoffee` to `text/coffeescript`
+  * Add extension `.sfd-hdstx` to `application/vnd.hydrostatix.sof-data`
+  * Add extension `.n-gage` to `application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.symbian.install`
+
+1.10.0 / 2015-05-19
+===================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.balsamiq.bmpr`
+  * Add `application/vnd.microsoft.portable-executable`
+  * Add `application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig`
+
+1.9.1 / 2015-04-19
+==================
+
+  * Remove `.json` extension from `application/manifest+json`
+    - This is causing bugs downstream
+
+1.9.0 / 2015-04-19
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/manifest+json`
+  * Add `application/vnd.micro+json`
+  * Add `image/vnd.zbrush.pcx`
+  * Add `image/x-ms-bmp`
+
+1.8.0 / 2015-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.citationstyles.style+xml`
+  * Add `application/vnd.fastcopy-disk-image`
+  * Add `application/vnd.gov.sk.xmldatacontainer+xml`
+  * Add extension `.jsonld` to `application/ld+json`
+
+1.7.0 / 2015-02-08
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.gerber`
+  * Add `application/vnd.msa-disk-image`
+
+1.6.1 / 2015-02-05
+==================
+
+  * Community extensions ownership transferred from `node-mime`
+
+1.6.0 / 2015-01-29
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/jose`
+  * Add `application/jose+json`
+  * Add `application/json-seq`
+  * Add `application/jwk+json`
+  * Add `application/jwk-set+json`
+  * Add `application/jwt`
+  * Add `application/rdap+json`
+  * Add `application/vnd.gov.sk.e-form+xml`
+  * Add `application/vnd.ims.imsccv1p3`
+
+1.5.0 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.oracle.resource+json`
+  * Fix various invalid MIME type entries
+    - `application/mbox+xml`
+    - `application/oscp-response`
+    - `application/vwg-multiplexed`
+    - `audio/g721`
+
+1.4.0 / 2014-12-21
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/vnd.ims.imsccv1p2`
+  * Fix various invalid MIME type entries
+    - `application/vnd-acucobol`
+    - `application/vnd-curl`
+    - `application/vnd-dart`
+    - `application/vnd-dxr`
+    - `application/vnd-fdf`
+    - `application/vnd-mif`
+    - `application/vnd-sema`
+    - `application/vnd-wap-wmlc`
+    - `application/vnd.adobe.flash-movie`
+    - `application/vnd.dece-zip`
+    - `application/vnd.dvb_service`
+    - `application/vnd.micrografx-igx`
+    - `application/vnd.sealed-doc`
+    - `application/vnd.sealed-eml`
+    - `application/vnd.sealed-mht`
+    - `application/vnd.sealed-ppt`
+    - `application/vnd.sealed-tiff`
+    - `application/vnd.sealed-xls`
+    - `application/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal-html`
+    - `application/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal-pdf`
+    - `application/vnd.wap-slc`
+    - `application/vnd.wap-wbxml`
+    - `audio/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal-mpeg`
+    - `image/vnd-djvu`
+    - `image/vnd-svf`
+    - `image/vnd-wap-wbmp`
+    - `image/vnd.sealed-png`
+    - `image/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal-gif`
+    - `image/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal-jpg`
+    - `model/vnd-dwf`
+    - `model/vnd.parasolid.transmit-binary`
+    - `model/vnd.parasolid.transmit-text`
+    - `text/vnd-a`
+    - `text/vnd-curl`
+    - `text/vnd.wap-wml`
+  * Remove example template MIME types
+    - `application/example`
+    - `audio/example`
+    - `image/example`
+    - `message/example`
+    - `model/example`
+    - `multipart/example`
+    - `text/example`
+    - `video/example`
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-12-16
+==================
+
+  * Fix missing extensions
+    - `application/json5`
+    - `text/hjson`
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-12-07
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/a2l`
+  * Add `application/aml`
+  * Add `application/atfx`
+  * Add `application/atxml`
+  * Add `application/cdfx+xml`
+  * Add `application/dii`
+  * Add `application/json5`
+  * Add `application/lxf`
+  * Add `application/mf4`
+  * Add `application/vnd.apache.thrift.compact`
+  * Add `application/vnd.apache.thrift.json`
+  * Add `application/vnd.coffeescript`
+  * Add `application/vnd.enphase.envoy`
+  * Add `application/vnd.ims.imsccv1p1`
+  * Add `text/csv-schema`
+  * Add `text/hjson`
+  * Add `text/markdown`
+  * Add `text/yaml`
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/cea`
+  * Add `application/dit`
+  * Add `application/vnd.gov.sk.e-form+zip`
+  * Add `application/vnd.tmd.mediaflex.api+xml`
+  * Type `application/epub+zip` is now IANA-registered
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-10-23
+==================
+
+  * Rebuild database for `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` change
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-10-20
+==================
+
+  * Mark `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` as compressible.
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-09-28
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/font-woff2`
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-09-25
+==================
+
+  * Fix engine requirement in package
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-09-25
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/coap-group+json`
+  * Add `application/dcd`
+  * Add `application/vnd.apache.thrift.binary`
+  * Add `image/vnd.tencent.tap`
+  * Mark all JSON-derived types as compressible
+  * Update `text/vtt` data
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-08-30
+==================
+
+  * Fix extension ordering
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-08-30
+==================
+
+  * Add `application/atf`
+  * Add `application/merge-patch+json`
+  * Add `multipart/x-mixed-replace`
+  * Add `source: 'apache'` metadata
+  * Add `source: 'iana'` metadata
+  * Remove badly-assumed charset data
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-db/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7ae8ee9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong me@jongleberry.com
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-db/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41c696a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# mime-db
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][ci-image]][ci-url]
+[![Coverage Status][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+This is a database of all mime types.
+It consists of a single, public JSON file and does not include any logic,
+allowing it to remain as un-opinionated as possible with an API.
+It aggregates data from the following sources:
+
+- http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
+- http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types
+- http://hg.nginx.org/nginx/raw-file/default/conf/mime.types
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+npm install mime-db
+```
+
+### Database Download
+
+If you're crazy enough to use this in the browser, you can just grab the
+JSON file using [jsDelivr](https://www.jsdelivr.com/). It is recommended to
+replace `master` with [a release tag](https://github.com/jshttp/mime-db/tags)
+as the JSON format may change in the future.
+
+```
+https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jshttp/mime-db@master/db.json
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var db = require('mime-db')
+
+// grab data on .js files
+var data = db['application/javascript']
+```
+
+## Data Structure
+
+The JSON file is a map lookup for lowercased mime types.
+Each mime type has the following properties:
+
+- `.source` - where the mime type is defined.
+    If not set, it's probably a custom media type.
+    - `apache` - [Apache common media types](http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types)
+    - `iana` - [IANA-defined media types](http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml)
+    - `nginx` - [nginx media types](http://hg.nginx.org/nginx/raw-file/default/conf/mime.types)
+- `.extensions[]` - known extensions associated with this mime type.
+- `.compressible` - whether a file of this type can be gzipped.
+- `.charset` - the default charset associated with this type, if any.
+
+If unknown, every property could be `undefined`.
+
+## Contributing
+
+To edit the database, only make PRs against `src/custom-types.json` or
+`src/custom-suffix.json`.
+
+The `src/custom-types.json` file is a JSON object with the MIME type as the
+keys and the values being an object with the following keys:
+
+- `compressible` - leave out if you don't know, otherwise `true`/`false` to
+  indicate whether the data represented by the type is typically compressible.
+- `extensions` - include an array of file extensions that are associated with
+  the type.
+- `notes` - human-readable notes about the type, typically what the type is.
+- `sources` - include an array of URLs of where the MIME type and the associated
+  extensions are sourced from. This needs to be a [primary source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source);
+  links to type aggregating sites and Wikipedia are _not acceptable_.
+
+To update the build, run `npm run build`.
+
+### Adding Custom Media Types
+
+The best way to get new media types included in this library is to register
+them with the IANA. The community registration procedure is outlined in
+[RFC 6838 section 5](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838#section-5). Types
+registered with the IANA are automatically pulled into this library.
+
+If that is not possible / feasible, they can be added directly here as a
+"custom" type. To do this, it is required to have a primary source that
+definitively lists the media type. If an extension is going to be listed as
+associateed with this media type, the source must definitively link the
+media type and extension as well.
+
+[ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/jshttp/mime-db/master?label=ci
+[ci-url]: https://github.com/jshttp/mime-db/actions?query=workflow%3Aci
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/mime-db/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/mime-db?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/mime-db
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/mime-db
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/mime-db
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/mime-db
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-db/db.json b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/db.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..067e0ce81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/db.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8379 @@
+{
+  "application/1d-interleaved-parityfec": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/3gpdash-qoe-report+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/3gpp-ims+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/3gpphal+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/3gpphalforms+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/a2l": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/activemessage": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/activity+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-costmap+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-costmapfilter+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-directory+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-endpointcost+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-endpointcostparams+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-endpointprop+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-endpointpropparams+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-error+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-networkmap+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-networkmapfilter+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-updatestreamcontrol+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/alto-updatestreamparams+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/aml": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/andrew-inset": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["ez"]
+  },
+  "application/applefile": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/applixware": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["aw"]
+  },
+  "application/atf": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/atfx": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/atom+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["atom"]
+  },
+  "application/atomcat+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["atomcat"]
+  },
+  "application/atomdeleted+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["atomdeleted"]
+  },
+  "application/atomicmail": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/atomsvc+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["atomsvc"]
+  },
+  "application/atsc-dwd+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["dwd"]
+  },
+  "application/atsc-dynamic-event-message": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/atsc-held+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["held"]
+  },
+  "application/atsc-rdt+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/atsc-rsat+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rsat"]
+  },
+  "application/atxml": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/auth-policy+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/bacnet-xdd+zip": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false
+  },
+  "application/batch-smtp": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/bdoc": {
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["bdoc"]
+  },
+  "application/beep+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/calendar+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/calendar+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["xcs"]
+  },
+  "application/call-completion": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cals-1840": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/captive+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cbor": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cbor-seq": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cccex": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/ccmp+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/ccxml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["ccxml"]
+  },
+  "application/cdfx+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["cdfx"]
+  },
+  "application/cdmi-capability": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cdmia"]
+  },
+  "application/cdmi-container": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cdmic"]
+  },
+  "application/cdmi-domain": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cdmid"]
+  },
+  "application/cdmi-object": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cdmio"]
+  },
+  "application/cdmi-queue": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cdmiq"]
+  },
+  "application/cdni": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cea": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cea-2018+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cellml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cfw": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/clr": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/clue+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/clue_info+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cms": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cnrp+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/coap-group+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/coap-payload": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/commonground": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/conference-info+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cose": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cose-key": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cose-key-set": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cpl+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/csrattrs": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/csta+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cstadata+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/csvm+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/cu-seeme": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["cu"]
+  },
+  "application/cwt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/cybercash": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dart": {
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/dash+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mpd"]
+  },
+  "application/dashdelta": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/davmount+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["davmount"]
+  },
+  "application/dca-rft": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dcd": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dec-dx": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dialog-info+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/dicom": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dicom+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/dicom+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/dii": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dit": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dns": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dns+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/dns-message": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/docbook+xml": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["dbk"]
+  },
+  "application/dots+cbor": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/dskpp+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/dssc+der": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["dssc"]
+  },
+  "application/dssc+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["xdssc"]
+  },
+  "application/dvcs": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/ecmascript": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["es","ecma"]
+  },
+  "application/edi-consent": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/edi-x12": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false
+  },
+  "application/edifact": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false
+  },
+  "application/efi": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/elm+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/elm+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.cap+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.comment+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.control+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.deviceinfo+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.ecall.msd": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.providerinfo+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.serviceinfo+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.subscriberinfo+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emergencycalldata.veds+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/emma+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["emma"]
+  },
+  "application/emotionml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["emotionml"]
+  },
+  "application/encaprtp": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/epp+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/epub+zip": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["epub"]
+  },
+  "application/eshop": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/exi": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["exi"]
+  },
+  "application/expect-ct-report+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/fastinfoset": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/fastsoap": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/fdt+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["fdt"]
+  },
+  "application/fhir+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/fhir+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/fido.trusted-apps+json": {
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/fits": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/flexfec": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/font-sfnt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/font-tdpfr": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["pfr"]
+  },
+  "application/font-woff": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false
+  },
+  "application/framework-attributes+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/geo+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["geojson"]
+  },
+  "application/geo+json-seq": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/geopackage+sqlite3": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/geoxacml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/gltf-buffer": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/gml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["gml"]
+  },
+  "application/gpx+xml": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["gpx"]
+  },
+  "application/gxf": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["gxf"]
+  },
+  "application/gzip": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["gz"]
+  },
+  "application/h224": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/held+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/hjson": {
+    "extensions": ["hjson"]
+  },
+  "application/http": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/hyperstudio": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["stk"]
+  },
+  "application/ibe-key-request+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/ibe-pkg-reply+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/ibe-pp-data": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/iges": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/im-iscomposing+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/index": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/index.cmd": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/index.obj": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/index.response": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/index.vnd": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/inkml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["ink","inkml"]
+  },
+  "application/iotp": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/ipfix": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["ipfix"]
+  },
+  "application/ipp": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/isup": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/its+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["its"]
+  },
+  "application/java-archive": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["jar","war","ear"]
+  },
+  "application/java-serialized-object": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["ser"]
+  },
+  "application/java-vm": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["class"]
+  },
+  "application/javascript": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["js","mjs"]
+  },
+  "application/jf2feed+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/jose": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/jose+json": {
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+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/jrd+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/jscalendar+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["json","map"]
+  },
+  "application/json-patch+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/json-seq": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/json5": {
+    "extensions": ["json5"]
+  },
+  "application/jsonml+json": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["jsonml"]
+  },
+  "application/jwk+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/jwk-set+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/jwt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/kpml-request+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/kpml-response+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/ld+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["jsonld"]
+  },
+  "application/lgr+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["lgr"]
+  },
+  "application/link-format": {
+    "source": "iana"
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+  "application/load-control+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/lost+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["lostxml"]
+  },
+  "application/lostsync+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/lpf+zip": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false
+  },
+  "application/lxf": {
+    "source": "iana"
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+  "application/mac-binhex40": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["hqx"]
+  },
+  "application/mac-compactpro": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["cpt"]
+  },
+  "application/macwriteii": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mads+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mads"]
+  },
+  "application/manifest+json": {
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+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["webmanifest"]
+  },
+  "application/marc": {
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+    "extensions": ["mrc"]
+  },
+  "application/marcxml+xml": {
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+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mrcx"]
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+  "application/mathematica": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["ma","nb","mb"]
+  },
+  "application/mathml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mathml"]
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+  "application/mathml-content+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mathml-presentation+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-associated-procedure-description+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-deregister+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-envelope+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-msk+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-msk-response+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-protection-description+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-reception-report+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-register+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-register-response+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-schedule+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbms-user-service-description+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mbox": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["mbox"]
+  },
+  "application/media-policy-dataset+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/media_control+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mediaservercontrol+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mscml"]
+  },
+  "application/merge-patch+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/metalink+xml": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["metalink"]
+  },
+  "application/metalink4+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["meta4"]
+  },
+  "application/mets+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mets"]
+  },
+  "application/mf4": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mikey": {
+    "source": "iana"
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+  "application/mipc": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mmt-aei+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["maei"]
+  },
+  "application/mmt-usd+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["musd"]
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+  "application/mods+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["mods"]
+  },
+  "application/moss-keys": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/moss-signature": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mosskey-data": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mosskey-request": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mp21": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["m21","mp21"]
+  },
+  "application/mp4": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["mp4s","m4p"]
+  },
+  "application/mpeg4-generic": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mpeg4-iod": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mpeg4-iod-xmt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mrb-consumer+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/mrb-publish+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/msc-ivr+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/msc-mixer+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/msword": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["doc","dot"]
+  },
+  "application/mud+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/multipart-core": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/mxf": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["mxf"]
+  },
+  "application/n-quads": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["nq"]
+  },
+  "application/n-triples": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["nt"]
+  },
+  "application/nasdata": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/news-checkgroups": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "US-ASCII"
+  },
+  "application/news-groupinfo": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "US-ASCII"
+  },
+  "application/news-transmission": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/nlsml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/node": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cjs"]
+  },
+  "application/nss": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/oauth-authz-req+jwt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/ocsp-request": {
+    "source": "iana"
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+  "application/ocsp-response": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/octet-stream": {
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+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["bin","dms","lrf","mar","so","dist","distz","pkg","bpk","dump","elc","deploy","exe","dll","deb","dmg","iso","img","msi","msp","msm","buffer"]
+  },
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+    "extensions": ["oda"]
+  },
+  "application/odm+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/odx": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/oebps-package+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["opf"]
+  },
+  "application/ogg": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["ogx"]
+  },
+  "application/omdoc+xml": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["omdoc"]
+  },
+  "application/onenote": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["onetoc","onetoc2","onetmp","onepkg"]
+  },
+  "application/opc-nodeset+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/oscore": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/oxps": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["oxps"]
+  },
+  "application/p2p-overlay+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["relo"]
+  },
+  "application/parityfec": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/passport": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/patch-ops-error+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["xer"]
+  },
+  "application/pdf": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["pdf"]
+  },
+  "application/pdx": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/pem-certificate-chain": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/pgp-encrypted": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["pgp"]
+  },
+  "application/pgp-keys": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/pgp-signature": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["asc","sig"]
+  },
+  "application/pics-rules": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["prf"]
+  },
+  "application/pidf+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/pidf-diff+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/pkcs10": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["p10"]
+  },
+  "application/pkcs12": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/pkcs7-mime": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["p7m","p7c"]
+  },
+  "application/pkcs7-signature": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["p7s"]
+  },
+  "application/pkcs8": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["p8"]
+  },
+  "application/pkcs8-encrypted": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/pkix-attr-cert": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["ac"]
+  },
+  "application/pkix-cert": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cer"]
+  },
+  "application/pkix-crl": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["crl"]
+  },
+  "application/pkix-pkipath": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["pkipath"]
+  },
+  "application/pkixcmp": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["pki"]
+  },
+  "application/pls+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["pls"]
+  },
+  "application/poc-settings+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "UTF-8",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/postscript": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["ai","eps","ps"]
+  },
+  "application/ppsp-tracker+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/problem+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/problem+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/provenance+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["provx"]
+  },
+  "application/prs.alvestrand.titrax-sheet": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/prs.cww": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["cww"]
+  },
+  "application/prs.cyn": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "charset": "7-BIT"
+  },
+  "application/prs.hpub+zip": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": false
+  },
+  "application/prs.nprend": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/prs.plucker": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/prs.rdf-xml-crypt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/prs.xsf+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/pskc+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["pskcxml"]
+  },
+  "application/pvd+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/qsig": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/raml+yaml": {
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["raml"]
+  },
+  "application/raptorfec": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/rdap+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/rdf+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rdf","owl"]
+  },
+  "application/reginfo+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rif"]
+  },
+  "application/relax-ng-compact-syntax": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["rnc"]
+  },
+  "application/remote-printing": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/reputon+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/resource-lists+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rl"]
+  },
+  "application/resource-lists-diff+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rld"]
+  },
+  "application/rfc+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/riscos": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/rlmi+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/rls-services+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rs"]
+  },
+  "application/route-apd+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rapd"]
+  },
+  "application/route-s-tsid+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["sls"]
+  },
+  "application/route-usd+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rusd"]
+  },
+  "application/rpki-ghostbusters": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["gbr"]
+  },
+  "application/rpki-manifest": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["mft"]
+  },
+  "application/rpki-publication": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/rpki-roa": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["roa"]
+  },
+  "application/rpki-updown": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/rsd+xml": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rsd"]
+  },
+  "application/rss+xml": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rss"]
+  },
+  "application/rtf": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["rtf"]
+  },
+  "application/rtploopback": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/rtx": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/samlassertion+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/samlmetadata+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/sarif+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/sarif-external-properties+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/sbe": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/sbml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["sbml"]
+  },
+  "application/scaip+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/scim+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/scvp-cv-request": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["scq"]
+  },
+  "application/scvp-cv-response": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["scs"]
+  },
+  "application/scvp-vp-request": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["spq"]
+  },
+  "application/scvp-vp-response": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["spp"]
+  },
+  "application/sdp": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["sdp"]
+  },
+  "application/secevent+jwt": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/senml+cbor": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/senml+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/senml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["senmlx"]
+  },
+  "application/senml-etch+cbor": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/senml-etch+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/senml-exi": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/sensml+cbor": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/sensml+json": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/sensml+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["sensmlx"]
+  },
+  "application/sensml-exi": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/sep+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/sep-exi": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/session-info": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/set-payment": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/set-payment-initiation": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["setpay"]
+  },
+  "application/set-registration": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/set-registration-initiation": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["setreg"]
+  },
+  "application/sgml": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/sgml-open-catalog": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/shf+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["shf"]
+  },
+  "application/sieve": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "extensions": ["siv","sieve"]
+  },
+  "application/simple-filter+xml": {
+    "source": "iana",
+    "compressible": true
+  },
+  "application/simple-message-summary": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/simplesymbolcontainer": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/sipc": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/slate": {
+    "source": "iana"
+  },
+  "application/smil": {
+    "source": "iana"
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+    "extensions": ["srx"]
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+    "extensions": ["chat"]
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+    "extensions": ["install"]
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+    "extensions": ["iso"]
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+    "extensions": ["jardiff"]
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+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["jnlp"]
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+    "extensions": ["latex"]
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+    "extensions": ["lzh","lha"]
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+    "extensions": ["run"]
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+  "application/x-mie": {
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+    "extensions": ["mie"]
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+  "application/x-mobipocket-ebook": {
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+    "extensions": ["prc","mobi"]
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+  "application/x-mpegurl": {
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+    "extensions": ["application"]
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+  "application/x-ms-shortcut": {
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+    "extensions": ["lnk"]
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+  "application/x-ms-wmd": {
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+    "extensions": ["wmd"]
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+    "extensions": ["wmz"]
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+    "extensions": ["xbap"]
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+    "extensions": ["mdb"]
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+  "application/x-msbinder": {
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+    "extensions": ["obd"]
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+  "application/x-mscardfile": {
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+    "extensions": ["crd"]
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+  "application/x-msclip": {
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+    "extensions": ["clp"]
+  },
+  "application/x-msdos-program": {
+    "extensions": ["exe"]
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+  "application/x-msdownload": {
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+    "extensions": ["exe","dll","com","bat","msi"]
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+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["mvb","m13","m14"]
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+    "extensions": ["wmf","wmz","emf","emz"]
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+    "extensions": ["mny"]
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+    "extensions": ["pub"]
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+    "extensions": ["scd"]
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+    "extensions": ["trm"]
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+    "extensions": ["wri"]
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+    "extensions": ["nc","cdf"]
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+    "extensions": ["pac"]
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+    "extensions": ["nzb"]
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+    "extensions": ["pl","pm"]
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+  "application/x-pilot": {
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+    "extensions": ["prc","pdb"]
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+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["p12","pfx"]
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+    "extensions": ["p7b","spc"]
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+  "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["p7r"]
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+  "application/x-pki-message": {
+    "source": "iana"
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+  "application/x-rar-compressed": {
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+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["rar"]
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+  "application/x-redhat-package-manager": {
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+    "extensions": ["rpm"]
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+  "application/x-research-info-systems": {
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+    "extensions": ["ris"]
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+    "extensions": ["sea"]
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+    "extensions": ["sh"]
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+    "extensions": ["shar"]
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+    "source": "apache",
+    "compressible": false,
+    "extensions": ["swf"]
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+  "application/x-silverlight-app": {
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+    "extensions": ["xap"]
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+  "application/x-sql": {
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+    "extensions": ["sql"]
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+    "extensions": ["sit"]
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+    "extensions": ["sitx"]
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+    "extensions": ["srt"]
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+    "extensions": ["sv4cpio"]
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+    "extensions": ["sv4crc"]
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+  "application/x-t3vm-image": {
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+    "extensions": ["t3"]
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+  "application/x-tads": {
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+    "extensions": ["gam"]
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+  "application/x-tar": {
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+    "compressible": true,
+    "extensions": ["tar"]
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+  "application/x-tcl": {
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+    "extensions": ["tcl","tk"]
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+  "application/x-tex": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["tex"]
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+  "application/x-tex-tfm": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["tfm"]
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+  "application/x-texinfo": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["texinfo","texi"]
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+  "application/x-tgif": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["obj"]
+  },
+  "application/x-ustar": {
+    "source": "apache",
+    "extensions": ["ustar"]
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+  "application/x-virtualbox-hdd": {
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+    "extensions": ["hdd"]
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+    "extensions": ["vmdk"]
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+    "extensions": ["webapp"]
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+    "extensions": ["der","crt","pem"]
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+    "extensions": ["xspf"]
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+    "extensions": ["mxml","xhvml","xvml","xvm"]
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+    "extensions": ["mid","midi","kar","rmi"]
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+  "audio/mobile-xmf": {
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+    "extensions": ["mxmf"]
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+    "extensions": ["mp3"]
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+    "extensions": ["m4a","mp4a"]
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+    "extensions": ["mpga","mp2","mp2a","mp3","m2a","m3a"]
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+    "extensions": ["oga","ogg","spx","opus"]
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+    "extensions": ["sil"]
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+    "extensions": ["eol"]
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+    "extensions": ["dtshd"]
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+    "extensions": ["lvp"]
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+    "extensions": ["pya"]
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+  "audio/vnd.nokia.mobile-xmf": {
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+    "extensions": ["ecelp4800"]
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+    "extensions": ["ecelp7470"]
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+    "extensions": ["ecelp9600"]
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+    "extensions": ["wav"]
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+    "extensions": ["weba"]
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+    "extensions": ["aac"]
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+    "extensions": ["caf"]
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+    "extensions": ["mka"]
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+    "extensions": ["m3u"]
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+    "extensions": ["wax"]
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+    "extensions": ["wma"]
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+    "extensions": ["ram","ra"]
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+    "extensions": ["rmp"]
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+    "extensions": ["ra"]
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+    "extensions": ["wav"]
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+  "audio/xm": {
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+    "extensions": ["xm"]
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+  "chemical/x-cdx": {
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+    "extensions": ["cdx"]
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+  "chemical/x-cif": {
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+    "extensions": ["cif"]
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+    "extensions": ["cmdf"]
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+  "chemical/x-cml": {
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+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-db/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..551031f69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/*!
+ * mime-db
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = require('./db.json')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-db/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45d9a120f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-db/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mime-db@1.48.0",
+  "_id": "mime-db@1.48.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-FM3QwxV+TnZYQ2aRqhlKBMHxk10lTbMt3bBkMAp54ddrNeVSfcQYOOKuGuy3Ddrm38I04If834fOUSq1yzslJQ==",
+  "_location": "/mime-db",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mime-db@1.48.0",
+    "name": "mime-db",
+    "escapedName": "mime-db",
+    "rawSpec": "1.48.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.48.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mime-types"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.48.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e35b31045dd7eada3aaad537ed88a33afbef2d1d",
+  "_spec": "mime-db@1.48.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mime-types",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/mime-db/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Robert Kieffer",
+      "email": "robert@broofa.com",
+      "url": "http://github.com/broofa"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Media Type Database",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "bluebird": "3.7.2",
+    "co": "4.6.0",
+    "cogent": "1.0.1",
+    "csv-parse": "4.15.4",
+    "eslint": "7.27.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "15.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.23.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "2.2.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "5.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
+    "gnode": "0.1.2",
+    "mocha": "8.4.0",
+    "nyc": "15.1.0",
+    "raw-body": "2.4.1",
+    "stream-to-array": "2.3.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "db.json",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/mime-db#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mime",
+    "db",
+    "type",
+    "types",
+    "database",
+    "charset",
+    "charsets"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "mime-db",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/mime-db.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "node scripts/build",
+    "fetch": "node scripts/fetch-apache && gnode scripts/fetch-iana && node scripts/fetch-nginx",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
+    "update": "npm run fetch && npm run build",
+    "version": "node scripts/version-history.js && git add HISTORY.md"
+  },
+  "version": "1.48.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-types/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19e45a15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+2.1.31 / 2021-06-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.48.0
+    - Add extension `.mvt` to `application/vnd.mapbox-vector-tile`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Mark `text/yaml` as compressible
+
+2.1.30 / 2021-04-02
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.47.0
+    - Add extension `.amr` to `audio/amr`
+    - Remove ambigious extensions from IANA for `application/*+xml` types
+    - Update primary extension to `.es` for `application/ecmascript`
+
+2.1.29 / 2021-02-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.46.0
+    - Add extension `.amr` to `audio/amr`
+    - Add extension `.m4s` to `video/iso.segment`
+    - Add extension `.opus` to `audio/ogg`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+
+2.1.28 / 2021-01-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.45.0
+    - Add `application/ubjson` with extension `.ubj`
+    - Add `image/avif` with extension `.avif`
+    - Add `image/ktx2` with extension `.ktx2`
+    - Add extension `.dbf` to `application/vnd.dbf`
+    - Add extension `.rar` to `application/vnd.rar`
+    - Add extension `.td` to `application/urc-targetdesc+xml`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Fix extension of `application/vnd.apple.keynote` to be `.key`
+
+2.1.27 / 2020-04-23
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.44.0
+    - Add charsets from IANA
+    - Add extension `.cjs` to `application/node`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+
+2.1.26 / 2020-01-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.43.0
+    - Add `application/x-keepass2` with extension `.kdbx`
+    - Add extension `.mxmf` to `audio/mobile-xmf`
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `application/*+xml` types
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+
+2.1.25 / 2019-11-12
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.42.0
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Add `application/toml` with extension `.toml`
+    - Add `image/vnd.ms-dds` with extension `.dds`
+
+2.1.24 / 2019-04-20
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@1.40.0
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `model/*` types
+    - Add `text/mdx` with extension `.mdx`
+
+2.1.23 / 2019-04-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.39.0
+    - Add extensions `.siv` and `.sieve` to `application/sieve`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+
+2.1.22 / 2019-02-14
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.38.0
+    - Add extension `.nq` to `application/n-quads`
+    - Add extension `.nt` to `application/n-triples`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Mark `text/less` as compressible
+
+2.1.21 / 2018-10-19
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.37.0
+    - Add extensions to HEIC image types
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+
+2.1.20 / 2018-08-26
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.36.0
+    - Add Apple file extensions from IANA
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `image/*` types
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+
+2.1.19 / 2018-07-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.35.0
+    - Add extension `.csl` to `application/vnd.citationstyles.style+xml`
+    - Add extension `.es` to `application/ecmascript`
+    - Add extension `.owl` to `application/rdf+xml`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Add UTF-8 as default charset for `text/turtle`
+
+2.1.18 / 2018-02-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.33.0
+    - Add `application/raml+yaml` with extension `.raml`
+    - Add `application/wasm` with extension `.wasm`
+    - Add `text/shex` with extension `.shex`
+    - Add extensions for JPEG-2000 images
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `message/*` types
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Update font MIME types
+    - Update `text/hjson` to registered `application/hjson`
+
+2.1.17 / 2017-09-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.30.0
+    - Add `application/vnd.ms-outlook`
+    - Add `application/x-arj`
+    - Add extension `.mjs` to `application/javascript`
+    - Add glTF types and extensions
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Add `text/x-org`
+    - Add VirtualBox MIME types
+    - Fix `source` records for `video/*` types that are IANA
+    - Update `font/opentype` to registered `font/otf`
+
+2.1.16 / 2017-07-24
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.29.0
+    - Add `application/fido.trusted-apps+json`
+    - Add extension `.wadl` to `application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml`
+    - Add extension `.gz` to `application/gzip`
+    - Add new upstream MIME types
+    - Update extensions `.md` and `.markdown` to be `text/markdown`
+
+2.1.15 / 2017-03-23
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.27.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Add `image/apng`
+
+2.1.14 / 2017-01-14
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.26.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.13 / 2016-11-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.25.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.12 / 2016-09-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.24.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Add `audio/mp3`
+
+2.1.11 / 2016-05-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.23.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.10 / 2016-02-15
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.22.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Fix extension of `application/dash+xml`
+    - Update primary extension for `audio/mp4`
+
+2.1.9 / 2016-01-06
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.21.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.8 / 2015-11-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.20.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.7 / 2015-09-20
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.19.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.6 / 2015-09-03
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.18.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.5 / 2015-08-20
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.17.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.4 / 2015-07-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.16.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.3 / 2015-07-13
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.15.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.2 / 2015-06-25
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.14.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.1.1 / 2015-06-08
+==================
+
+  * perf: fix deopt during mapping
+
+2.1.0 / 2015-06-07
+==================
+
+  * Fix incorrectly treating extension-less file name as extension
+    - i.e. `'path/to/json'` will no longer return `application/json`
+  * Fix `.charset(type)` to accept parameters
+  * Fix `.charset(type)` to match case-insensitive
+  * Improve generation of extension to MIME mapping
+  * Refactor internals for readability and no argument reassignment
+  * Prefer `application/*` MIME types from the same source
+  * Prefer any type over `application/octet-stream`
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.13.0
+    - Add nginx as a source
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.14 / 2015-06-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.12.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.13 / 2015-05-31
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.11.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.12 / 2015-05-19
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.10.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.11 / 2015-05-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.9.1
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.10 / 2015-03-13
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.8.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.9 / 2015-02-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.7.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Community extensions ownership transferred from `node-mime`
+
+2.0.8 / 2015-01-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.6.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.7 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.5.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Fix various invalid MIME type entries
+
+2.0.6 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.4.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Fix various invalid MIME type entries
+    - Remove example template MIME types
+
+2.0.5 / 2014-12-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.3.1
+    - Fix missing extensions
+
+2.0.4 / 2014-12-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.3.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.3 / 2014-11-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.2.0
+    - Add new mime types
+
+2.0.2 / 2014-09-28
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-db@~1.1.0
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Add additional compressible
+    - Update charsets
+
+2.0.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+
+2.0.0 / 2014-09-02
+==================
+
+  * Use `mime-db`
+  * Remove `.define()`
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-08-04
+==================
+
+  * Set charset=utf-8 for `text/javascript`
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-06-24
+==================
+
+  * Add `text/jsx` type
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-05-12
+==================
+
+  * Return `false` for unknown types
+  * Set charset=utf-8 for `application/json`
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-05-02
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-types/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06166077b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-types/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c978ac27a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# mime-types
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][ci-image]][ci-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+The ultimate javascript content-type utility.
+
+Similar to [the `mime@1.x` module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mime), except:
+
+- __No fallbacks.__ Instead of naively returning the first available type,
+  `mime-types` simply returns `false`, so do
+  `var type = mime.lookup('unrecognized') || 'application/octet-stream'`.
+- No `new Mime()` business, so you could do `var lookup = require('mime-types').lookup`.
+- No `.define()` functionality
+- Bug fixes for `.lookup(path)`
+
+Otherwise, the API is compatible with `mime` 1.x.
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install mime-types
+```
+
+## Adding Types
+
+All mime types are based on [mime-db](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mime-db),
+so open a PR there if you'd like to add mime types.
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var mime = require('mime-types')
+```
+
+All functions return `false` if input is invalid or not found.
+
+### mime.lookup(path)
+
+Lookup the content-type associated with a file.
+
+```js
+mime.lookup('json') // 'application/json'
+mime.lookup('.md') // 'text/markdown'
+mime.lookup('file.html') // 'text/html'
+mime.lookup('folder/file.js') // 'application/javascript'
+mime.lookup('folder/.htaccess') // false
+
+mime.lookup('cats') // false
+```
+
+### mime.contentType(type)
+
+Create a full content-type header given a content-type or extension.
+When given an extension, `mime.lookup` is used to get the matching
+content-type, otherwise the given content-type is used. Then if the
+content-type does not already have a `charset` parameter, `mime.charset`
+is used to get the default charset and add to the returned content-type.
+
+```js
+mime.contentType('markdown') // 'text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8'
+mime.contentType('file.json') // 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
+mime.contentType('text/html') // 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
+mime.contentType('text/html; charset=iso-8859-1') // 'text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'
+
+// from a full path
+mime.contentType(path.extname('/path/to/file.json')) // 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
+```
+
+### mime.extension(type)
+
+Get the default extension for a content-type.
+
+```js
+mime.extension('application/octet-stream') // 'bin'
+```
+
+### mime.charset(type)
+
+Lookup the implied default charset of a content-type.
+
+```js
+mime.charset('text/markdown') // 'UTF-8'
+```
+
+### var type = mime.types[extension]
+
+A map of content-types by extension.
+
+### [extensions...] = mime.extensions[type]
+
+A map of extensions by content-type.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/jshttp/mime-types/master?label=ci
+[ci-url]: https://github.com/jshttp/mime-types/actions?query=workflow%3Aci
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/mime-types/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/mime-types?branch=master
+[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/mime-types
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/mime-types
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/mime-types
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/mime-types
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-types/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9f34d599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*!
+ * mime-types
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var db = require('mime-db')
+var extname = require('path').extname
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var EXTRACT_TYPE_REGEXP = /^\s*([^;\s]*)(?:;|\s|$)/
+var TEXT_TYPE_REGEXP = /^text\//i
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+exports.charset = charset
+exports.charsets = { lookup: charset }
+exports.contentType = contentType
+exports.extension = extension
+exports.extensions = Object.create(null)
+exports.lookup = lookup
+exports.types = Object.create(null)
+
+// Populate the extensions/types maps
+populateMaps(exports.extensions, exports.types)
+
+/**
+ * Get the default charset for a MIME type.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {boolean|string}
+ */
+
+function charset (type) {
+  if (!type || typeof type !== 'string') {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // TODO: use media-typer
+  var match = EXTRACT_TYPE_REGEXP.exec(type)
+  var mime = match && db[match[1].toLowerCase()]
+
+  if (mime && mime.charset) {
+    return mime.charset
+  }
+
+  // default text/* to utf-8
+  if (match && TEXT_TYPE_REGEXP.test(match[1])) {
+    return 'UTF-8'
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a full Content-Type header given a MIME type or extension.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {boolean|string}
+ */
+
+function contentType (str) {
+  // TODO: should this even be in this module?
+  if (!str || typeof str !== 'string') {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  var mime = str.indexOf('/') === -1
+    ? exports.lookup(str)
+    : str
+
+  if (!mime) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // TODO: use content-type or other module
+  if (mime.indexOf('charset') === -1) {
+    var charset = exports.charset(mime)
+    if (charset) mime += '; charset=' + charset.toLowerCase()
+  }
+
+  return mime
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the default extension for a MIME type.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {boolean|string}
+ */
+
+function extension (type) {
+  if (!type || typeof type !== 'string') {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // TODO: use media-typer
+  var match = EXTRACT_TYPE_REGEXP.exec(type)
+
+  // get extensions
+  var exts = match && exports.extensions[match[1].toLowerCase()]
+
+  if (!exts || !exts.length) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return exts[0]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lookup the MIME type for a file path/extension.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @return {boolean|string}
+ */
+
+function lookup (path) {
+  if (!path || typeof path !== 'string') {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // get the extension ("ext" or ".ext" or full path)
+  var extension = extname('x.' + path)
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .substr(1)
+
+  if (!extension) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return exports.types[extension] || false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Populate the extensions and types maps.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function populateMaps (extensions, types) {
+  // source preference (least -> most)
+  var preference = ['nginx', 'apache', undefined, 'iana']
+
+  Object.keys(db).forEach(function forEachMimeType (type) {
+    var mime = db[type]
+    var exts = mime.extensions
+
+    if (!exts || !exts.length) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    // mime -> extensions
+    extensions[type] = exts
+
+    // extension -> mime
+    for (var i = 0; i < exts.length; i++) {
+      var extension = exts[i]
+
+      if (types[extension]) {
+        var from = preference.indexOf(db[types[extension]].source)
+        var to = preference.indexOf(mime.source)
+
+        if (types[extension] !== 'application/octet-stream' &&
+          (from > to || (from === to && types[extension].substr(0, 12) === 'application/'))) {
+          // skip the remapping
+          continue
+        }
+      }
+
+      // set the extension -> mime
+      types[extension] = type
+    }
+  })
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime-types/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3418c5b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime-types/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mime-types@~2.1.24",
+  "_id": "mime-types@2.1.31",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-XGZnNzm3QvgKxa8dpzyhFTHmpP3l5YNusmne07VUOXxou9CqUqYa/HBy124RqtVh/O2pECas/MOcsDgpilPOPg==",
+  "_location": "/mime-types",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mime-types@~2.1.24",
+    "name": "mime-types",
+    "escapedName": "mime-types",
+    "rawSpec": "~2.1.24",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~2.1.24"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/accepts",
+    "/type-is"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-types/-/mime-types-2.1.31.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "a00d76b74317c61f9c2db2218b8e9f8e9c5c9e6b",
+  "_spec": "mime-types@~2.1.24",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\accepts",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/mime-types/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jeremiah Senkpiel",
+      "email": "fishrock123@rocketmail.com",
+      "url": "https://searchbeam.jit.su"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "mime-db": "1.48.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The ultimate javascript content-type utility.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "7.27.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "14.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.23.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "2.2.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "5.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
+    "mocha": "8.4.0",
+    "nyc": "15.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/mime-types#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mime",
+    "types"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "mime-types",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/mime-types.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec test/test.js",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.31"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/mime/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/mime/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f12753505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## v1.6.0 (24/11/2017)
+*No changelog for this release.*
+
+---
+
+## v2.0.4 (24/11/2017)
+- [**closed**] Switch to mime-score module for resolving extension contention issues. [#182](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/182)
+- [**closed**] Update mime-db to 1.31.0 in v1.x branch [#181](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/181)
+
+---
+
+## v1.5.0 (22/11/2017)
+- [**closed**] need ES5 version ready in npm package [#179](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/179)
+- [**closed**] mime-db no trace of iWork - pages / numbers / etc. [#178](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/178)
+- [**closed**] How it works in brownser ? [#176](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/176)
+- [**closed**] Missing `./Mime` [#175](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/175)
+- [**closed**] Vulnerable Regular Expression [#167](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/167)
+
+---
+
+## v2.0.3 (25/09/2017)
+*No changelog for this release.*
+
+---
+
+## v1.4.1 (25/09/2017)
+- [**closed**] Issue when bundling with webpack [#172](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/172)
+
+---
+
+## v2.0.2 (15/09/2017)
+- [**V2**] fs.readFileSync is not a function [#165](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/165)
+- [**closed**] The extension for video/quicktime should map to .mov, not .qt [#164](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/164)
+- [**V2**] [v2 Feedback request] Mime class API [#163](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/163)
+- [**V2**] [v2 Feedback request] Resolving conflicts over extensions [#162](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/162)
+- [**V2**] Allow callers to load module with official, full, or no defined types.  [#161](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/161)
+- [**V2**] Use "facets" to resolve extension conflicts [#160](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/160)
+- [**V2**] Remove fs and path dependencies [#152](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/152)
+- [**V2**] Default content-type should not be application/octet-stream [#139](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/139)
+- [**V2**] reset mime-types [#124](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/124)
+- [**V2**] Extensionless paths should return null or false [#113](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/113)
+
+---
+
+## v2.0.1 (14/09/2017)
+- [**closed**] Changelog for v2.0 does not mention breaking changes [#171](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/171)
+- [**closed**] MIME breaking with 'class' declaration as it is without 'use strict mode' [#170](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/170)
+
+---
+
+## v2.0.0 (12/09/2017)
+- [**closed**] woff and woff2 [#168](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/168)
+
+---
+
+## v1.4.0 (28/08/2017)
+- [**closed**] support for ac3 voc files [#159](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/159)
+- [**closed**] Help understanding change from application/xml to text/xml [#158](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/158)
+- [**closed**] no longer able to override mimetype [#157](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/157)
+- [**closed**] application/vnd.adobe.photoshop [#147](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/147)
+- [**closed**] Directories should appear as something other than application/octet-stream [#135](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/135)
+- [**closed**] requested features [#131](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/131)
+- [**closed**] Make types.json loading optional? [#129](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/129)
+- [**closed**] Cannot find module './types.json' [#120](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/120)
+- [**V2**] .wav files show up as "audio/x-wav" instead of "audio/x-wave" [#118](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/118)
+- [**closed**] Don't be a pain in the ass for node community [#108](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/108)
+- [**closed**] don't make default_type global [#78](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/78)
+- [**closed**] mime.extension() fails if the content-type is parameterized [#74](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/74)
+
+---
+
+## v1.3.6 (11/05/2017)
+- [**closed**] .md should be text/markdown as of March 2016 [#154](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/154)
+- [**closed**] Error while installing mime [#153](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/153)
+- [**closed**] application/manifest+json [#149](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/149)
+- [**closed**] Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) file extension typo [#141](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/141)
+- [**closed**] charsets image/png undefined [#140](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/140)
+- [**closed**] Mime-db dependency out of date [#130](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/130)
+- [**closed**] how to support plist？ [#126](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/126)
+- [**closed**] how does .types file format look like? [#123](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/123)
+- [**closed**] Feature: support for expanding MIME patterns [#121](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/121)
+- [**closed**] DEBUG_MIME doesn't work [#117](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/117)
+
+---
+
+## v1.3.4 (06/02/2015)
+*No changelog for this release.*
+
+---
+
+## v1.3.3 (06/02/2015)
+*No changelog for this release.*
+
+---
+
+## v1.3.1 (05/02/2015)
+- [**closed**] Consider adding support for Handlebars .hbs file ending [#111](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/111)
+- [**closed**] Consider adding support for hjson. [#110](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/110)
+- [**closed**] Add mime type for Opus audio files [#94](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/94)
+- [**closed**] Consider making the `Requesting New Types` information more visible [#77](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/77)
+
+---
+
+## v1.3.0 (05/02/2015)
+- [**closed**] Add common name? [#114](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/114)
+- [**closed**] application/x-yaml [#104](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/104)
+- [**closed**] Add mime type for WOFF file format 2.0 [#102](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/102)
+- [**closed**] application/x-msi for .msi [#99](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/99)
+- [**closed**] Add mimetype for gettext translation files [#98](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/98)
+- [**closed**] collaborators [#88](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/88)
+- [**closed**] getting errot in installation of mime module...any1 can help? [#87](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/87)
+- [**closed**] should application/json's charset be utf8? [#86](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/86)
+- [**closed**] Add "license" and "licenses" to package.json [#81](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/81)
+- [**closed**] lookup with extension-less file on Windows returns wrong type [#68](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/68)
+
+---
+
+## v1.2.11 (15/08/2013)
+- [**closed**] Update mime.types [#65](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/65)
+- [**closed**] Publish a new version [#63](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/63)
+- [**closed**] README should state upfront that "application/octet-stream" is default for unknown extension [#55](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/55)
+- [**closed**] Suggested improvement to the charset API [#52](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/52)
+
+---
+
+## v1.2.10 (25/07/2013)
+- [**closed**] Mime type for woff files should be application/font-woff and not application/x-font-woff [#62](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/62)
+- [**closed**] node.types in conflict with mime.types [#51](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/51)
+
+---
+
+## v1.2.9 (17/01/2013)
+- [**closed**] Please update "mime" NPM [#49](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/49)
+- [**closed**] Please add semicolon [#46](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/46)
+- [**closed**] parse full mime types [#43](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/43)
+
+---
+
+## v1.2.8 (10/01/2013)
+- [**closed**] /js directory mime is application/javascript. Is it correct? [#47](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/47)
+- [**closed**] Add mime types for lua code. [#45](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/45)
+
+---
+
+## v1.2.7 (19/10/2012)
+- [**closed**] cannot install 1.2.7 via npm [#41](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/41)
+- [**closed**] Transfer ownership to @broofa [#36](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/36)
+- [**closed**] it's wrong to set charset to UTF-8 for text [#30](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/30)
+- [**closed**] Allow multiple instances of MIME types container [#27](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/27)
+
+---
+
+## v1.2.5 (16/02/2012)
+- [**closed**] When looking up a types, check hasOwnProperty [#23](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/23)
+- [**closed**] Bump version to 1.2.2 [#18](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/18)
+- [**closed**] No license [#16](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/16)
+- [**closed**] Some types missing that are used by html5/css3 [#13](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/13)
+- [**closed**] npm install fails for 1.2.1 [#12](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/12)
+- [**closed**] image/pjpeg + image/x-png [#10](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/10)
+- [**closed**] symlink [#8](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/8)
+- [**closed**] gzip [#2](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/2)
+- [**closed**] ALL CAPS filenames return incorrect mime type [#1](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues/1)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mime/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3f46f7e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2010 Benjamin Thomas, Robert Kieffer
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mime/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..506fbe550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# mime
+
+Comprehensive MIME type mapping API based on mime-db module.
+
+## Install
+
+Install with [npm](http://github.com/isaacs/npm):
+
+    npm install mime
+
+## Contributing / Testing
+
+    npm run test
+
+## Command Line
+
+    mime [path_string]
+
+E.g.
+
+    > mime scripts/jquery.js
+    application/javascript
+
+## API - Queries
+
+### mime.lookup(path)
+Get the mime type associated with a file, if no mime type is found `application/octet-stream` is returned. Performs a case-insensitive lookup using the extension in `path` (the substring after the last '/' or '.').  E.g.
+
+```js
+var mime = require('mime');
+
+mime.lookup('/path/to/file.txt');         // => 'text/plain'
+mime.lookup('file.txt');                  // => 'text/plain'
+mime.lookup('.TXT');                      // => 'text/plain'
+mime.lookup('htm');                       // => 'text/html'
+```
+
+### mime.default_type
+Sets the mime type returned when `mime.lookup` fails to find the extension searched for. (Default is `application/octet-stream`.)
+
+### mime.extension(type)
+Get the default extension for `type`
+
+```js
+mime.extension('text/html');                 // => 'html'
+mime.extension('application/octet-stream');  // => 'bin'
+```
+
+### mime.charsets.lookup()
+
+Map mime-type to charset
+
+```js
+mime.charsets.lookup('text/plain');        // => 'UTF-8'
+```
+
+(The logic for charset lookups is pretty rudimentary.  Feel free to suggest improvements.)
+
+## API - Defining Custom Types
+
+Custom type mappings can be added on a per-project basis via the following APIs.
+
+### mime.define()
+
+Add custom mime/extension mappings
+
+```js
+mime.define({
+    'text/x-some-format': ['x-sf', 'x-sft', 'x-sfml'],
+    'application/x-my-type': ['x-mt', 'x-mtt'],
+    // etc ...
+});
+
+mime.lookup('x-sft');                 // => 'text/x-some-format'
+```
+
+The first entry in the extensions array is returned by `mime.extension()`. E.g.
+
+```js
+mime.extension('text/x-some-format'); // => 'x-sf'
+```
+
+### mime.load(filepath)
+
+Load mappings from an Apache ".types" format file
+
+```js
+mime.load('./my_project.types');
+```
+The .types file format is simple -  See the `types` dir for examples.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/cli.js b/backend/node_modules/mime/cli.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20b1ffeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/cli.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+var mime = require('./mime.js');
+var file = process.argv[2];
+var type = mime.lookup(file);
+
+process.stdout.write(type + '\n');
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/mime.js b/backend/node_modules/mime/mime.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7efbde70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/mime.js
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+var path = require('path');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+function Mime() {
+  // Map of extension -> mime type
+  this.types = Object.create(null);
+
+  // Map of mime type -> extension
+  this.extensions = Object.create(null);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Define mimetype -> extension mappings.  Each key is a mime-type that maps
+ * to an array of extensions associated with the type.  The first extension is
+ * used as the default extension for the type.
+ *
+ * e.g. mime.define({'audio/ogg', ['oga', 'ogg', 'spx']});
+ *
+ * @param map (Object) type definitions
+ */
+Mime.prototype.define = function (map) {
+  for (var type in map) {
+    var exts = map[type];
+    for (var i = 0; i < exts.length; i++) {
+      if (process.env.DEBUG_MIME && this.types[exts[i]]) {
+        console.warn((this._loading || "define()").replace(/.*\//, ''), 'changes "' + exts[i] + '" extension type from ' +
+          this.types[exts[i]] + ' to ' + type);
+      }
+
+      this.types[exts[i]] = type;
+    }
+
+    // Default extension is the first one we encounter
+    if (!this.extensions[type]) {
+      this.extensions[type] = exts[0];
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Load an Apache2-style ".types" file
+ *
+ * This may be called multiple times (it's expected).  Where files declare
+ * overlapping types/extensions, the last file wins.
+ *
+ * @param file (String) path of file to load.
+ */
+Mime.prototype.load = function(file) {
+  this._loading = file;
+  // Read file and split into lines
+  var map = {},
+      content = fs.readFileSync(file, 'ascii'),
+      lines = content.split(/[\r\n]+/);
+
+  lines.forEach(function(line) {
+    // Clean up whitespace/comments, and split into fields
+    var fields = line.replace(/\s*#.*|^\s*|\s*$/g, '').split(/\s+/);
+    map[fields.shift()] = fields;
+  });
+
+  this.define(map);
+
+  this._loading = null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Lookup a mime type based on extension
+ */
+Mime.prototype.lookup = function(path, fallback) {
+  var ext = path.replace(/^.*[\.\/\\]/, '').toLowerCase();
+
+  return this.types[ext] || fallback || this.default_type;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return file extension associated with a mime type
+ */
+Mime.prototype.extension = function(mimeType) {
+  var type = mimeType.match(/^\s*([^;\s]*)(?:;|\s|$)/)[1].toLowerCase();
+  return this.extensions[type];
+};
+
+// Default instance
+var mime = new Mime();
+
+// Define built-in types
+mime.define(require('./types.json'));
+
+// Default type
+mime.default_type = mime.lookup('bin');
+
+//
+// Additional API specific to the default instance
+//
+
+mime.Mime = Mime;
+
+/**
+ * Lookup a charset based on mime type.
+ */
+mime.charsets = {
+  lookup: function(mimeType, fallback) {
+    // Assume text types are utf8
+    return (/^text\/|^application\/(javascript|json)/).test(mimeType) ? 'UTF-8' : fallback;
+  }
+};
+
+module.exports = mime;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mime/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f82af58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mime@1.6.0",
+  "_id": "mime@1.6.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-x0Vn8spI+wuJ1O6S7gnbaQg8Pxh4NNHb7KSINmEWKiPE4RKOplvijn+NkmYmmRgP68mc70j2EbeTFRsrswaQeg==",
+  "_location": "/mime",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mime@1.6.0",
+    "name": "mime",
+    "escapedName": "mime",
+    "rawSpec": "1.6.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.6.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/-/mime-1.6.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "32cd9e5c64553bd58d19a568af452acff04981b1",
+  "_spec": "mime@1.6.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\send",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Robert Kieffer",
+    "email": "robert@broofa.com",
+    "url": "http://github.com/broofa"
+  },
+  "bin": {
+    "mime": "cli.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/broofa/node-mime/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Benjamin Thomas",
+      "email": "benjamin@benjaminthomas.org",
+      "url": "http://github.com/bentomas"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A comprehensive library for mime-type mapping",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "github-release-notes": "0.13.1",
+    "mime-db": "1.31.0",
+    "mime-score": "1.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/broofa/node-mime#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "util",
+    "mime"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "mime.js",
+  "name": "mime",
+  "repository": {
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/broofa/node-mime.git",
+    "type": "git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "changelog": "gren changelog --tags=all --generate --override",
+    "prepare": "node src/build.js",
+    "test": "node src/test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.6.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/src/build.js b/backend/node_modules/mime/src/build.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4928e48bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/src/build.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const mimeScore = require('mime-score');
+
+let db = require('mime-db');
+let chalk = require('chalk');
+
+const STANDARD_FACET_SCORE = 900;
+
+const byExtension = {};
+
+// Clear out any conflict extensions in mime-db
+for (let type in db) {
+  let entry = db[type];
+  entry.type = type;
+
+  if (!entry.extensions) continue;
+
+  entry.extensions.forEach(ext => {
+    if (ext in byExtension) {
+      const e0 = entry;
+      const e1 = byExtension[ext];
+      e0.pri = mimeScore(e0.type, e0.source);
+      e1.pri = mimeScore(e1.type, e1.source);
+
+      let drop = e0.pri < e1.pri ? e0 : e1;
+      let keep = e0.pri >= e1.pri ? e0 : e1;
+      drop.extensions = drop.extensions.filter(e => e !== ext);
+
+      console.log(`${ext}: Keeping ${chalk.green(keep.type)} (${keep.pri}), dropping ${chalk.red(drop.type)} (${drop.pri})`);
+    }
+    byExtension[ext] = entry;
+  });
+}
+
+function writeTypesFile(types, path) {
+  fs.writeFileSync(path, JSON.stringify(types));
+}
+
+// Segregate into standard and non-standard types based on facet per
+// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838#section-3.1
+const types = {};
+
+Object.keys(db).sort().forEach(k => {
+  const entry = db[k];
+  types[entry.type] = entry.extensions;
+});
+
+writeTypesFile(types, path.join(__dirname, '..', 'types.json'));
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/src/test.js b/backend/node_modules/mime/src/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42958a20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/src/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Usage: node test.js
+ */
+
+var mime = require('../mime');
+var assert = require('assert');
+var path = require('path');
+
+//
+// Test mime lookups
+//
+
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('text.txt'));     // normal file
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('TEXT.TXT'));     // uppercase
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('dir/text.txt')); // dir + file
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('.text.txt'));    // hidden file
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('.txt'));         // nameless
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('txt'));          // extension-only
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('/txt'));         // extension-less ()
+assert.equal('text/plain', mime.lookup('\\txt'));        // Windows, extension-less
+assert.equal('application/octet-stream', mime.lookup('text.nope')); // unrecognized
+assert.equal('fallback', mime.lookup('text.fallback', 'fallback')); // alternate default
+
+//
+// Test extensions
+//
+
+assert.equal('txt', mime.extension(mime.types.text));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension(mime.types.htm));
+assert.equal('bin', mime.extension('application/octet-stream'));
+assert.equal('bin', mime.extension('application/octet-stream '));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension(' text/html; charset=UTF-8'));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension('text/html; charset=UTF-8 '));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension('text/html; charset=UTF-8'));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension('text/html ; charset=UTF-8'));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension('text/html;charset=UTF-8'));
+assert.equal('html', mime.extension('text/Html;charset=UTF-8'));
+assert.equal(undefined, mime.extension('unrecognized'));
+
+//
+// Test node.types lookups
+//
+
+assert.equal('font/woff', mime.lookup('file.woff'));
+assert.equal('application/octet-stream', mime.lookup('file.buffer'));
+// TODO: Uncomment once #157 is resolved
+// assert.equal('audio/mp4', mime.lookup('file.m4a'));
+assert.equal('font/otf', mime.lookup('file.otf'));
+
+//
+// Test charsets
+//
+
+assert.equal('UTF-8', mime.charsets.lookup('text/plain'));
+assert.equal('UTF-8', mime.charsets.lookup(mime.types.js));
+assert.equal('UTF-8', mime.charsets.lookup(mime.types.json));
+assert.equal(undefined, mime.charsets.lookup(mime.types.bin));
+assert.equal('fallback', mime.charsets.lookup('application/octet-stream', 'fallback'));
+
+console.log('\nAll tests passed');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mime/types.json b/backend/node_modules/mime/types.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bec78abd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mime/types.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"application/andrew-inset":["ez"],"application/applixware":["aw"],"application/atom+xml":["atom"],"application/atomcat+xml":["atomcat"],"application/atomsvc+xml":["atomsvc"],"application/bdoc":["bdoc"],"application/ccxml+xml":["ccxml"],"application/cdmi-capability":["cdmia"],"application/cdmi-container":["cdmic"],"application/cdmi-domain":["cdmid"],"application/cdmi-object":["cdmio"],"application/cdmi-queue":["cdmiq"],"application/cu-seeme":["cu"],"application/dash+xml":["mpd"],"application/davmount+xml":["davmount"],"application/docbook+xml":["dbk"],"application/dssc+der":["dssc"],"application/dssc+xml":["xdssc"],"application/ecmascript":["ecma"],"application/emma+xml":["emma"],"application/epub+zip":["epub"],"application/exi":["exi"],"application/font-tdpfr":["pfr"],"application/font-woff":[],"application/font-woff2":[],"application/geo+json":["geojson"],"application/gml+xml":["gml"],"application/gpx+xml":["gpx"],"application/gxf":["gxf"],"application/gzip":["gz"],"application/hyperstudio":["stk"],"application/inkml+xml":["ink","inkml"],"application/ipfix":["ipfix"],"application/java-archive":["jar","war","ear"],"application/java-serialized-object":["ser"],"application/java-vm":["class"],"application/javascript":["js","mjs"],"application/json":["json","map"],"application/json5":["json5"],"application/jsonml+json":["jsonml"],"application/ld+json":["jsonld"],"application/lost+xml":["lostxml"],"application/mac-binhex40":["hqx"],"application/mac-compactpro":["cpt"],"application/mads+xml":["mads"],"application/manifest+json":["webmanifest"],"application/marc":["mrc"],"application/marcxml+xml":["mrcx"],"application/mathematica":["ma","nb","mb"],"application/mathml+xml":["mathml"],"application/mbox":["mbox"],"application/mediaservercontrol+xml":["mscml"],"application/metalink+xml":["metalink"],"application/metalink4+xml":["meta4"],"application/mets+xml":["mets"],"application/mods+xml":["mods"],"application/mp21":["m21","mp21"],"application/mp4":["mp4s","m4p"],"application/msword":["doc","dot"],"application/mxf":["mxf"],"application/octet-stream":["bin","dms","lrf","mar","so","dist","distz","pkg","bpk","dump","elc","deploy","exe","dll","deb","dmg","iso","img","msi","msp","msm","buffer"],"application/oda":["oda"],"application/oebps-package+xml":["opf"],"application/ogg":["ogx"],"application/omdoc+xml":["omdoc"],"application/onenote":["onetoc","onetoc2","onetmp","onepkg"],"application/oxps":["oxps"],"application/patch-ops-error+xml":["xer"],"application/pdf":["pdf"],"application/pgp-encrypted":["pgp"],"application/pgp-signature":["asc","sig"],"application/pics-rules":["prf"],"application/pkcs10":["p10"],"application/pkcs7-mime":["p7m","p7c"],"application/pkcs7-signature":["p7s"],"application/pkcs8":["p8"],"application/pkix-attr-cert":["ac"],"application/pkix-cert":["cer"],"application/pkix-crl":["crl"],"application/pkix-pkipath":["pkipath"],"application/pkixcmp":["pki"],"application/pls+xml":["pls"],"application/postscript":["ai","eps","ps"],"application/prs.cww":["cww"],"application/pskc+xml":["pskcxml"],"application/raml+yaml":["raml"],"application/rdf+xml":["rdf"],"application/reginfo+xml":["rif"],"application/relax-ng-compact-syntax":["rnc"],"application/resource-lists+xml":["rl"],"application/resource-lists-diff+xml":["rld"],"application/rls-services+xml":["rs"],"application/rpki-ghostbusters":["gbr"],"application/rpki-manifest":["mft"],"application/rpki-roa":["roa"],"application/rsd+xml":["rsd"],"application/rss+xml":["rss"],"application/rtf":["rtf"],"application/sbml+xml":["sbml"],"application/scvp-cv-request":["scq"],"application/scvp-cv-response":["scs"],"application/scvp-vp-request":["spq"],"application/scvp-vp-response":["spp"],"application/sdp":["sdp"],"application/set-payment-initiation":["setpay"],"application/set-registration-initiation":["setreg"],"application/shf+xml":["shf"],"application/smil+xml":["smi","smil"],"application/sparql-query":["rq"],"application/sparql-results+xml":["srx"],"application/srgs":["gram"],"application/srgs+xml":["grxml"],"application/sru+xml":["sru"],"application/ssdl+xml":["ssdl"],"application/ssml+xml":["ssml"],"application/tei+xml":["tei","teicorpus"],"application/thraud+xml":["tfi"],"application/timestamped-data":["tsd"],"application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-large":["plb"],"application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-small":["psb"],"application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-var":["pvb"],"application/vnd.3gpp2.tcap":["tcap"],"application/vnd.3m.post-it-notes":["pwn"],"application/vnd.accpac.simply.aso":["aso"],"application/vnd.accpac.simply.imp":["imp"],"application/vnd.acucobol":["acu"],"application/vnd.acucorp":["atc","acutc"],"application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip":["air"],"application/vnd.adobe.formscentral.fcdt":["fcdt"],"application/vnd.adobe.fxp":["fxp","fxpl"],"application/vnd.adobe.xdp+xml":["xdp"],"application/vnd.adobe.xfdf":["xfdf"],"application/vnd.ahead.space":["ahead"],"application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azf":["azf"],"application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azs":["azs"],"appli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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimatch/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimatch/README.md b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad72b8133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# minimatch
+
+A minimal matching utility.
+
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/isaacs/minimatch.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/isaacs/minimatch)
+
+
+This is the matching library used internally by npm.
+
+It works by converting glob expressions into JavaScript `RegExp`
+objects.
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var minimatch = require("minimatch")
+
+minimatch("bar.foo", "*.foo") // true!
+minimatch("bar.foo", "*.bar") // false!
+minimatch("bar.foo", "*.+(bar|foo)", { debug: true }) // true, and noisy!
+```
+
+## Features
+
+Supports these glob features:
+
+* Brace Expansion
+* Extended glob matching
+* "Globstar" `**` matching
+
+See:
+
+* `man sh`
+* `man bash`
+* `man 3 fnmatch`
+* `man 5 gitignore`
+
+## Minimatch Class
+
+Create a minimatch object by instantiating the `minimatch.Minimatch` class.
+
+```javascript
+var Minimatch = require("minimatch").Minimatch
+var mm = new Minimatch(pattern, options)
+```
+
+### Properties
+
+* `pattern` The original pattern the minimatch object represents.
+* `options` The options supplied to the constructor.
+* `set` A 2-dimensional array of regexp or string expressions.
+  Each row in the
+  array corresponds to a brace-expanded pattern.  Each item in the row
+  corresponds to a single path-part.  For example, the pattern
+  `{a,b/c}/d` would expand to a set of patterns like:
+
+        [ [ a, d ]
+        , [ b, c, d ] ]
+
+    If a portion of the pattern doesn't have any "magic" in it
+    (that is, it's something like `"foo"` rather than `fo*o?`), then it
+    will be left as a string rather than converted to a regular
+    expression.
+
+* `regexp` Created by the `makeRe` method.  A single regular expression
+  expressing the entire pattern.  This is useful in cases where you wish
+  to use the pattern somewhat like `fnmatch(3)` with `FNM_PATH` enabled.
+* `negate` True if the pattern is negated.
+* `comment` True if the pattern is a comment.
+* `empty` True if the pattern is `""`.
+
+### Methods
+
+* `makeRe` Generate the `regexp` member if necessary, and return it.
+  Will return `false` if the pattern is invalid.
+* `match(fname)` Return true if the filename matches the pattern, or
+  false otherwise.
+* `matchOne(fileArray, patternArray, partial)` Take a `/`-split
+  filename, and match it against a single row in the `regExpSet`.  This
+  method is mainly for internal use, but is exposed so that it can be
+  used by a glob-walker that needs to avoid excessive filesystem calls.
+
+All other methods are internal, and will be called as necessary.
+
+### minimatch(path, pattern, options)
+
+Main export.  Tests a path against the pattern using the options.
+
+```javascript
+var isJS = minimatch(file, "*.js", { matchBase: true })
+```
+
+### minimatch.filter(pattern, options)
+
+Returns a function that tests its
+supplied argument, suitable for use with `Array.filter`.  Example:
+
+```javascript
+var javascripts = fileList.filter(minimatch.filter("*.js", {matchBase: true}))
+```
+
+### minimatch.match(list, pattern, options)
+
+Match against the list of
+files, in the style of fnmatch or glob.  If nothing is matched, and
+options.nonull is set, then return a list containing the pattern itself.
+
+```javascript
+var javascripts = minimatch.match(fileList, "*.js", {matchBase: true}))
+```
+
+### minimatch.makeRe(pattern, options)
+
+Make a regular expression object from the pattern.
+
+## Options
+
+All options are `false` by default.
+
+### debug
+
+Dump a ton of stuff to stderr.
+
+### nobrace
+
+Do not expand `{a,b}` and `{1..3}` brace sets.
+
+### noglobstar
+
+Disable `**` matching against multiple folder names.
+
+### dot
+
+Allow patterns to match filenames starting with a period, even if
+the pattern does not explicitly have a period in that spot.
+
+Note that by default, `a/**/b` will **not** match `a/.d/b`, unless `dot`
+is set.
+
+### noext
+
+Disable "extglob" style patterns like `+(a|b)`.
+
+### nocase
+
+Perform a case-insensitive match.
+
+### nonull
+
+When a match is not found by `minimatch.match`, return a list containing
+the pattern itself if this option is set.  When not set, an empty list
+is returned if there are no matches.
+
+### matchBase
+
+If set, then patterns without slashes will be matched
+against the basename of the path if it contains slashes.  For example,
+`a?b` would match the path `/xyz/123/acb`, but not `/xyz/acb/123`.
+
+### nocomment
+
+Suppress the behavior of treating `#` at the start of a pattern as a
+comment.
+
+### nonegate
+
+Suppress the behavior of treating a leading `!` character as negation.
+
+### flipNegate
+
+Returns from negate expressions the same as if they were not negated.
+(Ie, true on a hit, false on a miss.)
+
+
+## Comparisons to other fnmatch/glob implementations
+
+While strict compliance with the existing standards is a worthwhile
+goal, some discrepancies exist between minimatch and other
+implementations, and are intentional.
+
+If the pattern starts with a `!` character, then it is negated.  Set the
+`nonegate` flag to suppress this behavior, and treat leading `!`
+characters normally.  This is perhaps relevant if you wish to start the
+pattern with a negative extglob pattern like `!(a|B)`.  Multiple `!`
+characters at the start of a pattern will negate the pattern multiple
+times.
+
+If a pattern starts with `#`, then it is treated as a comment, and
+will not match anything.  Use `\#` to match a literal `#` at the
+start of a line, or set the `nocomment` flag to suppress this behavior.
+
+The double-star character `**` is supported by default, unless the
+`noglobstar` flag is set.  This is supported in the manner of bsdglob
+and bash 4.1, where `**` only has special significance if it is the only
+thing in a path part.  That is, `a/**/b` will match `a/x/y/b`, but
+`a/**b` will not.
+
+If an escaped pattern has no matches, and the `nonull` flag is set,
+then minimatch.match returns the pattern as-provided, rather than
+interpreting the character escapes.  For example,
+`minimatch.match([], "\\*a\\?")` will return `"\\*a\\?"` rather than
+`"*a?"`.  This is akin to setting the `nullglob` option in bash, except
+that it does not resolve escaped pattern characters.
+
+If brace expansion is not disabled, then it is performed before any
+other interpretation of the glob pattern.  Thus, a pattern like
+`+(a|{b),c)}`, which would not be valid in bash or zsh, is expanded
+**first** into the set of `+(a|b)` and `+(a|c)`, and those patterns are
+checked for validity.  Since those two are valid, matching proceeds.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimatch/minimatch.js b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/minimatch.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b5f8cf44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/minimatch.js
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+module.exports = minimatch
+minimatch.Minimatch = Minimatch
+
+var path = { sep: '/' }
+try {
+  path = require('path')
+} catch (er) {}
+
+var GLOBSTAR = minimatch.GLOBSTAR = Minimatch.GLOBSTAR = {}
+var expand = require('brace-expansion')
+
+var plTypes = {
+  '!': { open: '(?:(?!(?:', close: '))[^/]*?)'},
+  '?': { open: '(?:', close: ')?' },
+  '+': { open: '(?:', close: ')+' },
+  '*': { open: '(?:', close: ')*' },
+  '@': { open: '(?:', close: ')' }
+}
+
+// any single thing other than /
+// don't need to escape / when using new RegExp()
+var qmark = '[^/]'
+
+// * => any number of characters
+var star = qmark + '*?'
+
+// ** when dots are allowed.  Anything goes, except .. and .
+// not (^ or / followed by one or two dots followed by $ or /),
+// followed by anything, any number of times.
+var twoStarDot = '(?:(?!(?:\\\/|^)(?:\\.{1,2})($|\\\/)).)*?'
+
+// not a ^ or / followed by a dot,
+// followed by anything, any number of times.
+var twoStarNoDot = '(?:(?!(?:\\\/|^)\\.).)*?'
+
+// characters that need to be escaped in RegExp.
+var reSpecials = charSet('().*{}+?[]^$\\!')
+
+// "abc" -> { a:true, b:true, c:true }
+function charSet (s) {
+  return s.split('').reduce(function (set, c) {
+    set[c] = true
+    return set
+  }, {})
+}
+
+// normalizes slashes.
+var slashSplit = /\/+/
+
+minimatch.filter = filter
+function filter (pattern, options) {
+  options = options || {}
+  return function (p, i, list) {
+    return minimatch(p, pattern, options)
+  }
+}
+
+function ext (a, b) {
+  a = a || {}
+  b = b || {}
+  var t = {}
+  Object.keys(b).forEach(function (k) {
+    t[k] = b[k]
+  })
+  Object.keys(a).forEach(function (k) {
+    t[k] = a[k]
+  })
+  return t
+}
+
+minimatch.defaults = function (def) {
+  if (!def || !Object.keys(def).length) return minimatch
+
+  var orig = minimatch
+
+  var m = function minimatch (p, pattern, options) {
+    return orig.minimatch(p, pattern, ext(def, options))
+  }
+
+  m.Minimatch = function Minimatch (pattern, options) {
+    return new orig.Minimatch(pattern, ext(def, options))
+  }
+
+  return m
+}
+
+Minimatch.defaults = function (def) {
+  if (!def || !Object.keys(def).length) return Minimatch
+  return minimatch.defaults(def).Minimatch
+}
+
+function minimatch (p, pattern, options) {
+  if (typeof pattern !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('glob pattern string required')
+  }
+
+  if (!options) options = {}
+
+  // shortcut: comments match nothing.
+  if (!options.nocomment && pattern.charAt(0) === '#') {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // "" only matches ""
+  if (pattern.trim() === '') return p === ''
+
+  return new Minimatch(pattern, options).match(p)
+}
+
+function Minimatch (pattern, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Minimatch)) {
+    return new Minimatch(pattern, options)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof pattern !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('glob pattern string required')
+  }
+
+  if (!options) options = {}
+  pattern = pattern.trim()
+
+  // windows support: need to use /, not \
+  if (path.sep !== '/') {
+    pattern = pattern.split(path.sep).join('/')
+  }
+
+  this.options = options
+  this.set = []
+  this.pattern = pattern
+  this.regexp = null
+  this.negate = false
+  this.comment = false
+  this.empty = false
+
+  // make the set of regexps etc.
+  this.make()
+}
+
+Minimatch.prototype.debug = function () {}
+
+Minimatch.prototype.make = make
+function make () {
+  // don't do it more than once.
+  if (this._made) return
+
+  var pattern = this.pattern
+  var options = this.options
+
+  // empty patterns and comments match nothing.
+  if (!options.nocomment && pattern.charAt(0) === '#') {
+    this.comment = true
+    return
+  }
+  if (!pattern) {
+    this.empty = true
+    return
+  }
+
+  // step 1: figure out negation, etc.
+  this.parseNegate()
+
+  // step 2: expand braces
+  var set = this.globSet = this.braceExpand()
+
+  if (options.debug) this.debug = console.error
+
+  this.debug(this.pattern, set)
+
+  // step 3: now we have a set, so turn each one into a series of path-portion
+  // matching patterns.
+  // These will be regexps, except in the case of "**", which is
+  // set to the GLOBSTAR object for globstar behavior,
+  // and will not contain any / characters
+  set = this.globParts = set.map(function (s) {
+    return s.split(slashSplit)
+  })
+
+  this.debug(this.pattern, set)
+
+  // glob --> regexps
+  set = set.map(function (s, si, set) {
+    return s.map(this.parse, this)
+  }, this)
+
+  this.debug(this.pattern, set)
+
+  // filter out everything that didn't compile properly.
+  set = set.filter(function (s) {
+    return s.indexOf(false) === -1
+  })
+
+  this.debug(this.pattern, set)
+
+  this.set = set
+}
+
+Minimatch.prototype.parseNegate = parseNegate
+function parseNegate () {
+  var pattern = this.pattern
+  var negate = false
+  var options = this.options
+  var negateOffset = 0
+
+  if (options.nonegate) return
+
+  for (var i = 0, l = pattern.length
+    ; i < l && pattern.charAt(i) === '!'
+    ; i++) {
+    negate = !negate
+    negateOffset++
+  }
+
+  if (negateOffset) this.pattern = pattern.substr(negateOffset)
+  this.negate = negate
+}
+
+// Brace expansion:
+// a{b,c}d -> abd acd
+// a{b,}c -> abc ac
+// a{0..3}d -> a0d a1d a2d a3d
+// a{b,c{d,e}f}g -> abg acdfg acefg
+// a{b,c}d{e,f}g -> abdeg acdeg abdeg abdfg
+//
+// Invalid sets are not expanded.
+// a{2..}b -> a{2..}b
+// a{b}c -> a{b}c
+minimatch.braceExpand = function (pattern, options) {
+  return braceExpand(pattern, options)
+}
+
+Minimatch.prototype.braceExpand = braceExpand
+
+function braceExpand (pattern, options) {
+  if (!options) {
+    if (this instanceof Minimatch) {
+      options = this.options
+    } else {
+      options = {}
+    }
+  }
+
+  pattern = typeof pattern === 'undefined'
+    ? this.pattern : pattern
+
+  if (typeof pattern === 'undefined') {
+    throw new TypeError('undefined pattern')
+  }
+
+  if (options.nobrace ||
+    !pattern.match(/\{.*\}/)) {
+    // shortcut. no need to expand.
+    return [pattern]
+  }
+
+  return expand(pattern)
+}
+
+// parse a component of the expanded set.
+// At this point, no pattern may contain "/" in it
+// so we're going to return a 2d array, where each entry is the full
+// pattern, split on '/', and then turned into a regular expression.
+// A regexp is made at the end which joins each array with an
+// escaped /, and another full one which joins each regexp with |.
+//
+// Following the lead of Bash 4.1, note that "**" only has special meaning
+// when it is the *only* thing in a path portion.  Otherwise, any series
+// of * is equivalent to a single *.  Globstar behavior is enabled by
+// default, and can be disabled by setting options.noglobstar.
+Minimatch.prototype.parse = parse
+var SUBPARSE = {}
+function parse (pattern, isSub) {
+  if (pattern.length > 1024 * 64) {
+    throw new TypeError('pattern is too long')
+  }
+
+  var options = this.options
+
+  // shortcuts
+  if (!options.noglobstar && pattern === '**') return GLOBSTAR
+  if (pattern === '') return ''
+
+  var re = ''
+  var hasMagic = !!options.nocase
+  var escaping = false
+  // ? => one single character
+  var patternListStack = []
+  var negativeLists = []
+  var stateChar
+  var inClass = false
+  var reClassStart = -1
+  var classStart = -1
+  // . and .. never match anything that doesn't start with .,
+  // even when options.dot is set.
+  var patternStart = pattern.charAt(0) === '.' ? '' // anything
+  // not (start or / followed by . or .. followed by / or end)
+  : options.dot ? '(?!(?:^|\\\/)\\.{1,2}(?:$|\\\/))'
+  : '(?!\\.)'
+  var self = this
+
+  function clearStateChar () {
+    if (stateChar) {
+      // we had some state-tracking character
+      // that wasn't consumed by this pass.
+      switch (stateChar) {
+        case '*':
+          re += star
+          hasMagic = true
+        break
+        case '?':
+          re += qmark
+          hasMagic = true
+        break
+        default:
+          re += '\\' + stateChar
+        break
+      }
+      self.debug('clearStateChar %j %j', stateChar, re)
+      stateChar = false
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0, len = pattern.length, c
+    ; (i < len) && (c = pattern.charAt(i))
+    ; i++) {
+    this.debug('%s\t%s %s %j', pattern, i, re, c)
+
+    // skip over any that are escaped.
+    if (escaping && reSpecials[c]) {
+      re += '\\' + c
+      escaping = false
+      continue
+    }
+
+    switch (c) {
+      case '/':
+        // completely not allowed, even escaped.
+        // Should already be path-split by now.
+        return false
+
+      case '\\':
+        clearStateChar()
+        escaping = true
+      continue
+
+      // the various stateChar values
+      // for the "extglob" stuff.
+      case '?':
+      case '*':
+      case '+':
+      case '@':
+      case '!':
+        this.debug('%s\t%s %s %j <-- stateChar', pattern, i, re, c)
+
+        // all of those are literals inside a class, except that
+        // the glob [!a] means [^a] in regexp
+        if (inClass) {
+          this.debug('  in class')
+          if (c === '!' && i === classStart + 1) c = '^'
+          re += c
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // if we already have a stateChar, then it means
+        // that there was something like ** or +? in there.
+        // Handle the stateChar, then proceed with this one.
+        self.debug('call clearStateChar %j', stateChar)
+        clearStateChar()
+        stateChar = c
+        // if extglob is disabled, then +(asdf|foo) isn't a thing.
+        // just clear the statechar *now*, rather than even diving into
+        // the patternList stuff.
+        if (options.noext) clearStateChar()
+      continue
+
+      case '(':
+        if (inClass) {
+          re += '('
+          continue
+        }
+
+        if (!stateChar) {
+          re += '\\('
+          continue
+        }
+
+        patternListStack.push({
+          type: stateChar,
+          start: i - 1,
+          reStart: re.length,
+          open: plTypes[stateChar].open,
+          close: plTypes[stateChar].close
+        })
+        // negation is (?:(?!js)[^/]*)
+        re += stateChar === '!' ? '(?:(?!(?:' : '(?:'
+        this.debug('plType %j %j', stateChar, re)
+        stateChar = false
+      continue
+
+      case ')':
+        if (inClass || !patternListStack.length) {
+          re += '\\)'
+          continue
+        }
+
+        clearStateChar()
+        hasMagic = true
+        var pl = patternListStack.pop()
+        // negation is (?:(?!js)[^/]*)
+        // The others are (?:<pattern>)<type>
+        re += pl.close
+        if (pl.type === '!') {
+          negativeLists.push(pl)
+        }
+        pl.reEnd = re.length
+      continue
+
+      case '|':
+        if (inClass || !patternListStack.length || escaping) {
+          re += '\\|'
+          escaping = false
+          continue
+        }
+
+        clearStateChar()
+        re += '|'
+      continue
+
+      // these are mostly the same in regexp and glob
+      case '[':
+        // swallow any state-tracking char before the [
+        clearStateChar()
+
+        if (inClass) {
+          re += '\\' + c
+          continue
+        }
+
+        inClass = true
+        classStart = i
+        reClassStart = re.length
+        re += c
+      continue
+
+      case ']':
+        //  a right bracket shall lose its special
+        //  meaning and represent itself in
+        //  a bracket expression if it occurs
+        //  first in the list.  -- POSIX.2 2.8.3.2
+        if (i === classStart + 1 || !inClass) {
+          re += '\\' + c
+          escaping = false
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // handle the case where we left a class open.
+        // "[z-a]" is valid, equivalent to "\[z-a\]"
+        if (inClass) {
+          // split where the last [ was, make sure we don't have
+          // an invalid re. if so, re-walk the contents of the
+          // would-be class to re-translate any characters that
+          // were passed through as-is
+          // TODO: It would probably be faster to determine this
+          // without a try/catch and a new RegExp, but it's tricky
+          // to do safely.  For now, this is safe and works.
+          var cs = pattern.substring(classStart + 1, i)
+          try {
+            RegExp('[' + cs + ']')
+          } catch (er) {
+            // not a valid class!
+            var sp = this.parse(cs, SUBPARSE)
+            re = re.substr(0, reClassStart) + '\\[' + sp[0] + '\\]'
+            hasMagic = hasMagic || sp[1]
+            inClass = false
+            continue
+          }
+        }
+
+        // finish up the class.
+        hasMagic = true
+        inClass = false
+        re += c
+      continue
+
+      default:
+        // swallow any state char that wasn't consumed
+        clearStateChar()
+
+        if (escaping) {
+          // no need
+          escaping = false
+        } else if (reSpecials[c]
+          && !(c === '^' && inClass)) {
+          re += '\\'
+        }
+
+        re += c
+
+    } // switch
+  } // for
+
+  // handle the case where we left a class open.
+  // "[abc" is valid, equivalent to "\[abc"
+  if (inClass) {
+    // split where the last [ was, and escape it
+    // this is a huge pita.  We now have to re-walk
+    // the contents of the would-be class to re-translate
+    // any characters that were passed through as-is
+    cs = pattern.substr(classStart + 1)
+    sp = this.parse(cs, SUBPARSE)
+    re = re.substr(0, reClassStart) + '\\[' + sp[0]
+    hasMagic = hasMagic || sp[1]
+  }
+
+  // handle the case where we had a +( thing at the *end*
+  // of the pattern.
+  // each pattern list stack adds 3 chars, and we need to go through
+  // and escape any | chars that were passed through as-is for the regexp.
+  // Go through and escape them, taking care not to double-escape any
+  // | chars that were already escaped.
+  for (pl = patternListStack.pop(); pl; pl = patternListStack.pop()) {
+    var tail = re.slice(pl.reStart + pl.open.length)
+    this.debug('setting tail', re, pl)
+    // maybe some even number of \, then maybe 1 \, followed by a |
+    tail = tail.replace(/((?:\\{2}){0,64})(\\?)\|/g, function (_, $1, $2) {
+      if (!$2) {
+        // the | isn't already escaped, so escape it.
+        $2 = '\\'
+      }
+
+      // need to escape all those slashes *again*, without escaping the
+      // one that we need for escaping the | character.  As it works out,
+      // escaping an even number of slashes can be done by simply repeating
+      // it exactly after itself.  That's why this trick works.
+      //
+      // I am sorry that you have to see this.
+      return $1 + $1 + $2 + '|'
+    })
+
+    this.debug('tail=%j\n   %s', tail, tail, pl, re)
+    var t = pl.type === '*' ? star
+      : pl.type === '?' ? qmark
+      : '\\' + pl.type
+
+    hasMagic = true
+    re = re.slice(0, pl.reStart) + t + '\\(' + tail
+  }
+
+  // handle trailing things that only matter at the very end.
+  clearStateChar()
+  if (escaping) {
+    // trailing \\
+    re += '\\\\'
+  }
+
+  // only need to apply the nodot start if the re starts with
+  // something that could conceivably capture a dot
+  var addPatternStart = false
+  switch (re.charAt(0)) {
+    case '.':
+    case '[':
+    case '(': addPatternStart = true
+  }
+
+  // Hack to work around lack of negative lookbehind in JS
+  // A pattern like: *.!(x).!(y|z) needs to ensure that a name
+  // like 'a.xyz.yz' doesn't match.  So, the first negative
+  // lookahead, has to look ALL the way ahead, to the end of
+  // the pattern.
+  for (var n = negativeLists.length - 1; n > -1; n--) {
+    var nl = negativeLists[n]
+
+    var nlBefore = re.slice(0, nl.reStart)
+    var nlFirst = re.slice(nl.reStart, nl.reEnd - 8)
+    var nlLast = re.slice(nl.reEnd - 8, nl.reEnd)
+    var nlAfter = re.slice(nl.reEnd)
+
+    nlLast += nlAfter
+
+    // Handle nested stuff like *(*.js|!(*.json)), where open parens
+    // mean that we should *not* include the ) in the bit that is considered
+    // "after" the negated section.
+    var openParensBefore = nlBefore.split('(').length - 1
+    var cleanAfter = nlAfter
+    for (i = 0; i < openParensBefore; i++) {
+      cleanAfter = cleanAfter.replace(/\)[+*?]?/, '')
+    }
+    nlAfter = cleanAfter
+
+    var dollar = ''
+    if (nlAfter === '' && isSub !== SUBPARSE) {
+      dollar = '$'
+    }
+    var newRe = nlBefore + nlFirst + nlAfter + dollar + nlLast
+    re = newRe
+  }
+
+  // if the re is not "" at this point, then we need to make sure
+  // it doesn't match against an empty path part.
+  // Otherwise a/* will match a/, which it should not.
+  if (re !== '' && hasMagic) {
+    re = '(?=.)' + re
+  }
+
+  if (addPatternStart) {
+    re = patternStart + re
+  }
+
+  // parsing just a piece of a larger pattern.
+  if (isSub === SUBPARSE) {
+    return [re, hasMagic]
+  }
+
+  // skip the regexp for non-magical patterns
+  // unescape anything in it, though, so that it'll be
+  // an exact match against a file etc.
+  if (!hasMagic) {
+    return globUnescape(pattern)
+  }
+
+  var flags = options.nocase ? 'i' : ''
+  try {
+    var regExp = new RegExp('^' + re + '$', flags)
+  } catch (er) {
+    // If it was an invalid regular expression, then it can't match
+    // anything.  This trick looks for a character after the end of
+    // the string, which is of course impossible, except in multi-line
+    // mode, but it's not a /m regex.
+    return new RegExp('$.')
+  }
+
+  regExp._glob = pattern
+  regExp._src = re
+
+  return regExp
+}
+
+minimatch.makeRe = function (pattern, options) {
+  return new Minimatch(pattern, options || {}).makeRe()
+}
+
+Minimatch.prototype.makeRe = makeRe
+function makeRe () {
+  if (this.regexp || this.regexp === false) return this.regexp
+
+  // at this point, this.set is a 2d array of partial
+  // pattern strings, or "**".
+  //
+  // It's better to use .match().  This function shouldn't
+  // be used, really, but it's pretty convenient sometimes,
+  // when you just want to work with a regex.
+  var set = this.set
+
+  if (!set.length) {
+    this.regexp = false
+    return this.regexp
+  }
+  var options = this.options
+
+  var twoStar = options.noglobstar ? star
+    : options.dot ? twoStarDot
+    : twoStarNoDot
+  var flags = options.nocase ? 'i' : ''
+
+  var re = set.map(function (pattern) {
+    return pattern.map(function (p) {
+      return (p === GLOBSTAR) ? twoStar
+      : (typeof p === 'string') ? regExpEscape(p)
+      : p._src
+    }).join('\\\/')
+  }).join('|')
+
+  // must match entire pattern
+  // ending in a * or ** will make it less strict.
+  re = '^(?:' + re + ')$'
+
+  // can match anything, as long as it's not this.
+  if (this.negate) re = '^(?!' + re + ').*$'
+
+  try {
+    this.regexp = new RegExp(re, flags)
+  } catch (ex) {
+    this.regexp = false
+  }
+  return this.regexp
+}
+
+minimatch.match = function (list, pattern, options) {
+  options = options || {}
+  var mm = new Minimatch(pattern, options)
+  list = list.filter(function (f) {
+    return mm.match(f)
+  })
+  if (mm.options.nonull && !list.length) {
+    list.push(pattern)
+  }
+  return list
+}
+
+Minimatch.prototype.match = match
+function match (f, partial) {
+  this.debug('match', f, this.pattern)
+  // short-circuit in the case of busted things.
+  // comments, etc.
+  if (this.comment) return false
+  if (this.empty) return f === ''
+
+  if (f === '/' && partial) return true
+
+  var options = this.options
+
+  // windows: need to use /, not \
+  if (path.sep !== '/') {
+    f = f.split(path.sep).join('/')
+  }
+
+  // treat the test path as a set of pathparts.
+  f = f.split(slashSplit)
+  this.debug(this.pattern, 'split', f)
+
+  // just ONE of the pattern sets in this.set needs to match
+  // in order for it to be valid.  If negating, then just one
+  // match means that we have failed.
+  // Either way, return on the first hit.
+
+  var set = this.set
+  this.debug(this.pattern, 'set', set)
+
+  // Find the basename of the path by looking for the last non-empty segment
+  var filename
+  var i
+  for (i = f.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    filename = f[i]
+    if (filename) break
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+    var pattern = set[i]
+    var file = f
+    if (options.matchBase && pattern.length === 1) {
+      file = [filename]
+    }
+    var hit = this.matchOne(file, pattern, partial)
+    if (hit) {
+      if (options.flipNegate) return true
+      return !this.negate
+    }
+  }
+
+  // didn't get any hits.  this is success if it's a negative
+  // pattern, failure otherwise.
+  if (options.flipNegate) return false
+  return this.negate
+}
+
+// set partial to true to test if, for example,
+// "/a/b" matches the start of "/*/b/*/d"
+// Partial means, if you run out of file before you run
+// out of pattern, then that's fine, as long as all
+// the parts match.
+Minimatch.prototype.matchOne = function (file, pattern, partial) {
+  var options = this.options
+
+  this.debug('matchOne',
+    { 'this': this, file: file, pattern: pattern })
+
+  this.debug('matchOne', file.length, pattern.length)
+
+  for (var fi = 0,
+      pi = 0,
+      fl = file.length,
+      pl = pattern.length
+      ; (fi < fl) && (pi < pl)
+      ; fi++, pi++) {
+    this.debug('matchOne loop')
+    var p = pattern[pi]
+    var f = file[fi]
+
+    this.debug(pattern, p, f)
+
+    // should be impossible.
+    // some invalid regexp stuff in the set.
+    if (p === false) return false
+
+    if (p === GLOBSTAR) {
+      this.debug('GLOBSTAR', [pattern, p, f])
+
+      // "**"
+      // a/**/b/**/c would match the following:
+      // a/b/x/y/z/c
+      // a/x/y/z/b/c
+      // a/b/x/b/x/c
+      // a/b/c
+      // To do this, take the rest of the pattern after
+      // the **, and see if it would match the file remainder.
+      // If so, return success.
+      // If not, the ** "swallows" a segment, and try again.
+      // This is recursively awful.
+      //
+      // a/**/b/**/c matching a/b/x/y/z/c
+      // - a matches a
+      // - doublestar
+      //   - matchOne(b/x/y/z/c, b/**/c)
+      //     - b matches b
+      //     - doublestar
+      //       - matchOne(x/y/z/c, c) -> no
+      //       - matchOne(y/z/c, c) -> no
+      //       - matchOne(z/c, c) -> no
+      //       - matchOne(c, c) yes, hit
+      var fr = fi
+      var pr = pi + 1
+      if (pr === pl) {
+        this.debug('** at the end')
+        // a ** at the end will just swallow the rest.
+        // We have found a match.
+        // however, it will not swallow /.x, unless
+        // options.dot is set.
+        // . and .. are *never* matched by **, for explosively
+        // exponential reasons.
+        for (; fi < fl; fi++) {
+          if (file[fi] === '.' || file[fi] === '..' ||
+            (!options.dot && file[fi].charAt(0) === '.')) return false
+        }
+        return true
+      }
+
+      // ok, let's see if we can swallow whatever we can.
+      while (fr < fl) {
+        var swallowee = file[fr]
+
+        this.debug('\nglobstar while', file, fr, pattern, pr, swallowee)
+
+        // XXX remove this slice.  Just pass the start index.
+        if (this.matchOne(file.slice(fr), pattern.slice(pr), partial)) {
+          this.debug('globstar found match!', fr, fl, swallowee)
+          // found a match.
+          return true
+        } else {
+          // can't swallow "." or ".." ever.
+          // can only swallow ".foo" when explicitly asked.
+          if (swallowee === '.' || swallowee === '..' ||
+            (!options.dot && swallowee.charAt(0) === '.')) {
+            this.debug('dot detected!', file, fr, pattern, pr)
+            break
+          }
+
+          // ** swallows a segment, and continue.
+          this.debug('globstar swallow a segment, and continue')
+          fr++
+        }
+      }
+
+      // no match was found.
+      // However, in partial mode, we can't say this is necessarily over.
+      // If there's more *pattern* left, then
+      if (partial) {
+        // ran out of file
+        this.debug('\n>>> no match, partial?', file, fr, pattern, pr)
+        if (fr === fl) return true
+      }
+      return false
+    }
+
+    // something other than **
+    // non-magic patterns just have to match exactly
+    // patterns with magic have been turned into regexps.
+    var hit
+    if (typeof p === 'string') {
+      if (options.nocase) {
+        hit = f.toLowerCase() === p.toLowerCase()
+      } else {
+        hit = f === p
+      }
+      this.debug('string match', p, f, hit)
+    } else {
+      hit = f.match(p)
+      this.debug('pattern match', p, f, hit)
+    }
+
+    if (!hit) return false
+  }
+
+  // Note: ending in / means that we'll get a final ""
+  // at the end of the pattern.  This can only match a
+  // corresponding "" at the end of the file.
+  // If the file ends in /, then it can only match a
+  // a pattern that ends in /, unless the pattern just
+  // doesn't have any more for it. But, a/b/ should *not*
+  // match "a/b/*", even though "" matches against the
+  // [^/]*? pattern, except in partial mode, where it might
+  // simply not be reached yet.
+  // However, a/b/ should still satisfy a/*
+
+  // now either we fell off the end of the pattern, or we're done.
+  if (fi === fl && pi === pl) {
+    // ran out of pattern and filename at the same time.
+    // an exact hit!
+    return true
+  } else if (fi === fl) {
+    // ran out of file, but still had pattern left.
+    // this is ok if we're doing the match as part of
+    // a glob fs traversal.
+    return partial
+  } else if (pi === pl) {
+    // ran out of pattern, still have file left.
+    // this is only acceptable if we're on the very last
+    // empty segment of a file with a trailing slash.
+    // a/* should match a/b/
+    var emptyFileEnd = (fi === fl - 1) && (file[fi] === '')
+    return emptyFileEnd
+  }
+
+  // should be unreachable.
+  throw new Error('wtf?')
+}
+
+// replace stuff like \* with *
+function globUnescape (s) {
+  return s.replace(/\\(.)/g, '$1')
+}
+
+function regExpEscape (s) {
+  return s.replace(/[-[\]{}()*+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g, '\\$&')
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimatch/package.json b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1288b8817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimatch/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "minimatch@^3.0.4",
+  "_id": "minimatch@3.0.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-yJHVQEhyqPLUTgt9B83PXu6W3rx4MvvHvSUvToogpwoGDOUQ+yDrR0HRot+yOCdCO7u4hX3pWft6kWBBcqh0UA==",
+  "_location": "/minimatch",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "minimatch@^3.0.4",
+    "name": "minimatch",
+    "escapedName": "minimatch",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/glob"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.0.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "5166e286457f03306064be5497e8dbb0c3d32083",
+  "_spec": "minimatch@^3.0.4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\glob",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "a glob matcher in javascript",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^10.3.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": "*"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "minimatch.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "minimatch.js",
+  "name": "minimatch",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/minimatch.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --all; git push origin --tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap test/*.js --cov"
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/minimist/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74c57bf15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "0.8"
+  - "0.10"
+  - "0.12"
+  - "iojs"
+before_install:
+  - npm install -g npm@~1.4.6
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/minimist/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee27ba4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+This software is released under the MIT license:
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/example/parse.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/example/parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7c8d4980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/example/parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var argv = require('../')(process.argv.slice(2));
+console.log(argv);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/index.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2afe5e4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+module.exports = function (args, opts) {
+    if (!opts) opts = {};
+    
+    var flags = { bools : {}, strings : {}, unknownFn: null };
+
+    if (typeof opts['unknown'] === 'function') {
+        flags.unknownFn = opts['unknown'];
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts['boolean'] === 'boolean' && opts['boolean']) {
+      flags.allBools = true;
+    } else {
+      [].concat(opts['boolean']).filter(Boolean).forEach(function (key) {
+          flags.bools[key] = true;
+      });
+    }
+    
+    var aliases = {};
+    Object.keys(opts.alias || {}).forEach(function (key) {
+        aliases[key] = [].concat(opts.alias[key]);
+        aliases[key].forEach(function (x) {
+            aliases[x] = [key].concat(aliases[key].filter(function (y) {
+                return x !== y;
+            }));
+        });
+    });
+
+    [].concat(opts.string).filter(Boolean).forEach(function (key) {
+        flags.strings[key] = true;
+        if (aliases[key]) {
+            flags.strings[aliases[key]] = true;
+        }
+     });
+
+    var defaults = opts['default'] || {};
+    
+    var argv = { _ : [] };
+    Object.keys(flags.bools).forEach(function (key) {
+        setArg(key, defaults[key] === undefined ? false : defaults[key]);
+    });
+    
+    var notFlags = [];
+
+    if (args.indexOf('--') !== -1) {
+        notFlags = args.slice(args.indexOf('--')+1);
+        args = args.slice(0, args.indexOf('--'));
+    }
+
+    function argDefined(key, arg) {
+        return (flags.allBools && /^--[^=]+$/.test(arg)) ||
+            flags.strings[key] || flags.bools[key] || aliases[key];
+    }
+
+    function setArg (key, val, arg) {
+        if (arg && flags.unknownFn && !argDefined(key, arg)) {
+            if (flags.unknownFn(arg) === false) return;
+        }
+
+        var value = !flags.strings[key] && isNumber(val)
+            ? Number(val) : val
+        ;
+        setKey(argv, key.split('.'), value);
+        
+        (aliases[key] || []).forEach(function (x) {
+            setKey(argv, x.split('.'), value);
+        });
+    }
+
+    function setKey (obj, keys, value) {
+        var o = obj;
+        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length-1; i++) {
+            var key = keys[i];
+            if (key === '__proto__') return;
+            if (o[key] === undefined) o[key] = {};
+            if (o[key] === Object.prototype || o[key] === Number.prototype
+                || o[key] === String.prototype) o[key] = {};
+            if (o[key] === Array.prototype) o[key] = [];
+            o = o[key];
+        }
+
+        var key = keys[keys.length - 1];
+        if (key === '__proto__') return;
+        if (o === Object.prototype || o === Number.prototype
+            || o === String.prototype) o = {};
+        if (o === Array.prototype) o = [];
+        if (o[key] === undefined || flags.bools[key] || typeof o[key] === 'boolean') {
+            o[key] = value;
+        }
+        else if (Array.isArray(o[key])) {
+            o[key].push(value);
+        }
+        else {
+            o[key] = [ o[key], value ];
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function aliasIsBoolean(key) {
+      return aliases[key].some(function (x) {
+          return flags.bools[x];
+      });
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+        var arg = args[i];
+        
+        if (/^--.+=/.test(arg)) {
+            // Using [\s\S] instead of . because js doesn't support the
+            // 'dotall' regex modifier. See:
+            // http://stackoverflow.com/a/1068308/13216
+            var m = arg.match(/^--([^=]+)=([\s\S]*)$/);
+            var key = m[1];
+            var value = m[2];
+            if (flags.bools[key]) {
+                value = value !== 'false';
+            }
+            setArg(key, value, arg);
+        }
+        else if (/^--no-.+/.test(arg)) {
+            var key = arg.match(/^--no-(.+)/)[1];
+            setArg(key, false, arg);
+        }
+        else if (/^--.+/.test(arg)) {
+            var key = arg.match(/^--(.+)/)[1];
+            var next = args[i + 1];
+            if (next !== undefined && !/^-/.test(next)
+            && !flags.bools[key]
+            && !flags.allBools
+            && (aliases[key] ? !aliasIsBoolean(key) : true)) {
+                setArg(key, next, arg);
+                i++;
+            }
+            else if (/^(true|false)$/.test(next)) {
+                setArg(key, next === 'true', arg);
+                i++;
+            }
+            else {
+                setArg(key, flags.strings[key] ? '' : true, arg);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (/^-[^-]+/.test(arg)) {
+            var letters = arg.slice(1,-1).split('');
+            
+            var broken = false;
+            for (var j = 0; j < letters.length; j++) {
+                var next = arg.slice(j+2);
+                
+                if (next === '-') {
+                    setArg(letters[j], next, arg)
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                if (/[A-Za-z]/.test(letters[j]) && /=/.test(next)) {
+                    setArg(letters[j], next.split('=')[1], arg);
+                    broken = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                
+                if (/[A-Za-z]/.test(letters[j])
+                && /-?\d+(\.\d*)?(e-?\d+)?$/.test(next)) {
+                    setArg(letters[j], next, arg);
+                    broken = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                
+                if (letters[j+1] && letters[j+1].match(/\W/)) {
+                    setArg(letters[j], arg.slice(j+2), arg);
+                    broken = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                else {
+                    setArg(letters[j], flags.strings[letters[j]] ? '' : true, arg);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            var key = arg.slice(-1)[0];
+            if (!broken && key !== '-') {
+                if (args[i+1] && !/^(-|--)[^-]/.test(args[i+1])
+                && !flags.bools[key]
+                && (aliases[key] ? !aliasIsBoolean(key) : true)) {
+                    setArg(key, args[i+1], arg);
+                    i++;
+                }
+                else if (args[i+1] && /^(true|false)$/.test(args[i+1])) {
+                    setArg(key, args[i+1] === 'true', arg);
+                    i++;
+                }
+                else {
+                    setArg(key, flags.strings[key] ? '' : true, arg);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (!flags.unknownFn || flags.unknownFn(arg) !== false) {
+                argv._.push(
+                    flags.strings['_'] || !isNumber(arg) ? arg : Number(arg)
+                );
+            }
+            if (opts.stopEarly) {
+                argv._.push.apply(argv._, args.slice(i + 1));
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    Object.keys(defaults).forEach(function (key) {
+        if (!hasKey(argv, key.split('.'))) {
+            setKey(argv, key.split('.'), defaults[key]);
+            
+            (aliases[key] || []).forEach(function (x) {
+                setKey(argv, x.split('.'), defaults[key]);
+            });
+        }
+    });
+    
+    if (opts['--']) {
+        argv['--'] = new Array();
+        notFlags.forEach(function(key) {
+            argv['--'].push(key);
+        });
+    }
+    else {
+        notFlags.forEach(function(key) {
+            argv._.push(key);
+        });
+    }
+
+    return argv;
+};
+
+function hasKey (obj, keys) {
+    var o = obj;
+    keys.slice(0,-1).forEach(function (key) {
+        o = (o[key] || {});
+    });
+
+    var key = keys[keys.length - 1];
+    return key in o;
+}
+
+function isNumber (x) {
+    if (typeof x === 'number') return true;
+    if (/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/i.test(x)) return true;
+    return /^[-+]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(e[-+]?\d+)?$/.test(x);
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/package.json b/backend/node_modules/minimist/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..532a11410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "_from": "minimist@^1.2.5",
+  "_id": "minimist@1.2.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-FM9nNUYrRBAELZQT3xeZQ7fmMOBg6nWNmJKTcgsJeaLstP/UODVpGsr5OhXhhXg6f+qtJ8uiZ+PUxkDWcgIXLw==",
+  "_location": "/minimist",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "minimist@^1.2.5",
+    "name": "minimist",
+    "escapedName": "minimist",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.2.5",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.2.5"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/multer/mkdirp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimist/-/minimist-1.2.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "67d66014b66a6a8aaa0c083c5fd58df4e4e97602",
+  "_spec": "minimist@^1.2.5",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\multer\\node_modules\\mkdirp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "James Halliday",
+    "email": "mail@substack.net",
+    "url": "http://substack.net"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/substack/minimist/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "parse argument options",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "covert": "^1.0.0",
+    "tap": "~0.4.0",
+    "tape": "^3.5.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/substack/minimist",
+  "keywords": [
+    "argv",
+    "getopt",
+    "parser",
+    "optimist"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "minimist",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/substack/minimist.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "covert test/*.js",
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test/*.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/6..latest",
+      "ff/5",
+      "firefox/latest",
+      "chrome/10",
+      "chrome/latest",
+      "safari/5.1",
+      "safari/latest",
+      "opera/12"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "1.2.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/readme.markdown b/backend/node_modules/minimist/readme.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fd97ab11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/readme.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# minimist
+
+parse argument options
+
+This module is the guts of optimist's argument parser without all the
+fanciful decoration.
+
+# example
+
+``` js
+var argv = require('minimist')(process.argv.slice(2));
+console.log(argv);
+```
+
+```
+$ node example/parse.js -a beep -b boop
+{ _: [], a: 'beep', b: 'boop' }
+```
+
+```
+$ node example/parse.js -x 3 -y 4 -n5 -abc --beep=boop foo bar baz
+{ _: [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ],
+  x: 3,
+  y: 4,
+  n: 5,
+  a: true,
+  b: true,
+  c: true,
+  beep: 'boop' }
+```
+
+# security
+
+Previous versions had a prototype pollution bug that could cause privilege
+escalation in some circumstances when handling untrusted user input.
+
+Please use version 1.2.3 or later: https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MINIMIST-559764
+
+# methods
+
+``` js
+var parseArgs = require('minimist')
+```
+
+## var argv = parseArgs(args, opts={})
+
+Return an argument object `argv` populated with the array arguments from `args`.
+
+`argv._` contains all the arguments that didn't have an option associated with
+them.
+
+Numeric-looking arguments will be returned as numbers unless `opts.string` or
+`opts.boolean` is set for that argument name.
+
+Any arguments after `'--'` will not be parsed and will end up in `argv._`.
+
+options can be:
+
+* `opts.string` - a string or array of strings argument names to always treat as
+strings
+* `opts.boolean` - a boolean, string or array of strings to always treat as
+booleans. if `true` will treat all double hyphenated arguments without equal signs
+as boolean (e.g. affects `--foo`, not `-f` or `--foo=bar`)
+* `opts.alias` - an object mapping string names to strings or arrays of string
+argument names to use as aliases
+* `opts.default` - an object mapping string argument names to default values
+* `opts.stopEarly` - when true, populate `argv._` with everything after the
+first non-option
+* `opts['--']` - when true, populate `argv._` with everything before the `--`
+and `argv['--']` with everything after the `--`. Here's an example:
+
+  ```
+  > require('./')('one two three -- four five --six'.split(' '), { '--': true })
+  { _: [ 'one', 'two', 'three' ],
+    '--': [ 'four', 'five', '--six' ] }
+  ```
+
+  Note that with `opts['--']` set, parsing for arguments still stops after the
+  `--`.
+
+* `opts.unknown` - a function which is invoked with a command line parameter not
+defined in the `opts` configuration object. If the function returns `false`, the
+unknown option is not added to `argv`.
+
+# install
+
+With [npm](https://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```
+npm install minimist
+```
+
+# license
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/all_bool.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/all_bool.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac835483d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/all_bool.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('flag boolean true (default all --args to boolean)', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['moo', '--honk', 'cow'], {
+        boolean: true
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        honk: true,
+        _: ['moo', 'cow']
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.honk, 'boolean');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('flag boolean true only affects double hyphen arguments without equals signs', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['moo', '--honk', 'cow', '-p', '55', '--tacos=good'], {
+        boolean: true
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        honk: true,
+        tacos: 'good',
+        p: 55,
+        _: ['moo', 'cow']
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.honk, 'boolean');
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/bool.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/bool.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f7dbde16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/bool.js
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('flag boolean default false', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['moo'], {
+        boolean: ['t', 'verbose'],
+        default: { verbose: false, t: false }
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        verbose: false,
+        t: false,
+        _: ['moo']
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.verbose, 'boolean');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.t, 'boolean');
+    t.end();
+
+});
+
+test('boolean groups', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([ '-x', '-z', 'one', 'two', 'three' ], {
+        boolean: ['x','y','z']
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        x : true,
+        y : false,
+        z : true,
+        _ : [ 'one', 'two', 'three' ]
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.x, 'boolean');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.y, 'boolean');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.z, 'boolean');
+    t.end();
+});
+test('boolean and alias with chainable api', function (t) {
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'derp' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp',  'derp' ];
+    var opts = {
+        herp: { alias: 'h', boolean: true }
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, {
+        boolean: 'herp',
+        alias: { h: 'herp' }
+    });
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, {
+        boolean: 'herp',
+        alias: { h: 'herp' }
+    });
+    var expected = {
+        herp: true,
+        h: true,
+        '_': [ 'derp' ]
+    };
+    
+    t.same(aliasedArgv, expected);
+    t.same(propertyArgv, expected); 
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean and alias with options hash', function (t) {
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'derp' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp', 'derp' ];
+    var opts = {
+        alias: { 'h': 'herp' },
+        boolean: 'herp'
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, opts);
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, opts);
+    var expected = {
+        herp: true,
+        h: true,
+        '_': [ 'derp' ]
+    };
+    t.same(aliasedArgv, expected);
+    t.same(propertyArgv, expected);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean and alias array with options hash', function (t) {
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'derp' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp', 'derp' ];
+    var alt = [ '--harp', 'derp' ];
+    var opts = {
+        alias: { 'h': ['herp', 'harp'] },
+        boolean: 'h'
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, opts);
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, opts);
+    var altPropertyArgv = parse(alt, opts);
+    var expected = {
+        harp: true,
+        herp: true,
+        h: true,
+        '_': [ 'derp' ]
+    };
+    t.same(aliasedArgv, expected);
+    t.same(propertyArgv, expected);
+    t.same(altPropertyArgv, expected);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean and alias using explicit true', function (t) {
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'true' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp',  'true' ];
+    var opts = {
+        alias: { h: 'herp' },
+        boolean: 'h'
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, opts);
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, opts);
+    var expected = {
+        herp: true,
+        h: true,
+        '_': [ ]
+    };
+
+    t.same(aliasedArgv, expected);
+    t.same(propertyArgv, expected); 
+    t.end();
+});
+
+// regression, see https://github.com/substack/node-optimist/issues/71
+test('boolean and --x=true', function(t) {
+    var parsed = parse(['--boool', '--other=true'], {
+        boolean: 'boool'
+    });
+
+    t.same(parsed.boool, true);
+    t.same(parsed.other, 'true');
+
+    parsed = parse(['--boool', '--other=false'], {
+        boolean: 'boool'
+    });
+    
+    t.same(parsed.boool, true);
+    t.same(parsed.other, 'false');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean --boool=true', function (t) {
+    var parsed = parse(['--boool=true'], {
+        default: {
+            boool: false
+        },
+        boolean: ['boool']
+    });
+
+    t.same(parsed.boool, true);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean --boool=false', function (t) {
+    var parsed = parse(['--boool=false'], {
+        default: {
+          boool: true
+        },
+        boolean: ['boool']
+    });
+
+    t.same(parsed.boool, false);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean using something similar to true', function (t) {
+    var opts = { boolean: 'h' };
+    var result = parse(['-h', 'true.txt'], opts);
+    var expected = {
+        h: true,
+        '_': ['true.txt']
+    };
+
+    t.same(result, expected);
+    t.end();
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/dash.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/dash.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a4fa5be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/dash.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('-', function (t) {
+    t.plan(5);
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '-n', '-' ]), { n: '-', _: [] });
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '-' ]), { _: [ '-' ] });
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '-f-' ]), { f: '-', _: [] });
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-b', '-' ], { boolean: 'b' }),
+        { b: true, _: [ '-' ] }
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-s', '-' ], { string: 's' }),
+        { s: '-', _: [] }
+    );
+});
+
+test('-a -- b', function (t) {
+    t.plan(3);
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '-a', '--', 'b' ]), { a: true, _: [ 'b' ] });
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '--a', '--', 'b' ]), { a: true, _: [ 'b' ] });
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '--a', '--', 'b' ]), { a: true, _: [ 'b' ] });
+});
+
+test('move arguments after the -- into their own `--` array', function(t) {
+    t.plan(1);
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--name', 'John', 'before', '--', 'after' ], { '--': true }),
+        { name: 'John', _: [ 'before' ], '--': [ 'after' ] });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/default_bool.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/default_bool.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..780a31127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/default_bool.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+var test = require('tape');
+var parse = require('../');
+
+test('boolean default true', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([], {
+        boolean: 'sometrue',
+        default: { sometrue: true }
+    });
+    t.equal(argv.sometrue, true);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean default false', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([], {
+        boolean: 'somefalse',
+        default: { somefalse: false }
+    });
+    t.equal(argv.somefalse, false);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('boolean default to null', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([], {
+        boolean: 'maybe',
+        default: { maybe: null }
+    });
+    t.equal(argv.maybe, null);
+    var argv = parse(['--maybe'], {
+        boolean: 'maybe',
+        default: { maybe: null }
+    });
+    t.equal(argv.maybe, true);
+    t.end();
+
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/dotted.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/dotted.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8b3e856e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/dotted.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('dotted alias', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--a.b', '22'], {default: {'a.b': 11}, alias: {'a.b': 'aa.bb'}});
+    t.equal(argv.a.b, 22);
+    t.equal(argv.aa.bb, 22);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('dotted default', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse('', {default: {'a.b': 11}, alias: {'a.b': 'aa.bb'}});
+    t.equal(argv.a.b, 11);
+    t.equal(argv.aa.bb, 11);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('dotted default with no alias', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse('', {default: {'a.b': 11}});
+    t.equal(argv.a.b, 11);
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/kv_short.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/kv_short.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f813b3050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/kv_short.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('short -k=v' , function (t) {
+    t.plan(1);
+    
+    var argv = parse([ '-b=123' ]);
+    t.deepEqual(argv, { b: 123, _: [] });
+});
+
+test('multi short -k=v' , function (t) {
+    t.plan(1);
+    
+    var argv = parse([ '-a=whatever', '-b=robots' ]);
+    t.deepEqual(argv, { a: 'whatever', b: 'robots', _: [] });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/long.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/long.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d3a1e09d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/long.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+var test = require('tape');
+var parse = require('../');
+
+test('long opts', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--bool' ]),
+        { bool : true, _ : [] },
+        'long boolean'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--pow', 'xixxle' ]),
+        { pow : 'xixxle', _ : [] },
+        'long capture sp'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--pow=xixxle' ]),
+        { pow : 'xixxle', _ : [] },
+        'long capture eq'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--host', 'localhost', '--port', '555' ]),
+        { host : 'localhost', port : 555, _ : [] },
+        'long captures sp'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--host=localhost', '--port=555' ]),
+        { host : 'localhost', port : 555, _ : [] },
+        'long captures eq'
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/num.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/num.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cc77f4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/num.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('nums', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([
+        '-x', '1234',
+        '-y', '5.67',
+        '-z', '1e7',
+        '-w', '10f',
+        '--hex', '0xdeadbeef',
+        '789'
+    ]);
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        x : 1234,
+        y : 5.67,
+        z : 1e7,
+        w : '10f',
+        hex : 0xdeadbeef,
+        _ : [ 789 ]
+    });
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.x, 'number');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.y, 'number');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.z, 'number');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.w, 'string');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.hex, 'number');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv._[0], 'number');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('already a number', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([ '-x', 1234, 789 ]);
+    t.deepEqual(argv, { x : 1234, _ : [ 789 ] });
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.x, 'number');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv._[0], 'number');
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/parse.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b4a2a17c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('parse args', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '--no-moo' ]),
+        { moo : false, _ : [] },
+        'no'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-v', 'a', '-v', 'b', '-v', 'c' ]),
+        { v : ['a','b','c'], _ : [] },
+        'multi'
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
+ 
+test('comprehensive', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([
+            '--name=meowmers', 'bare', '-cats', 'woo',
+            '-h', 'awesome', '--multi=quux',
+            '--key', 'value',
+            '-b', '--bool', '--no-meep', '--multi=baz',
+            '--', '--not-a-flag', 'eek'
+        ]),
+        {
+            c : true,
+            a : true,
+            t : true,
+            s : 'woo',
+            h : 'awesome',
+            b : true,
+            bool : true,
+            key : 'value',
+            multi : [ 'quux', 'baz' ],
+            meep : false,
+            name : 'meowmers',
+            _ : [ 'bare', '--not-a-flag', 'eek' ]
+        }
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('flag boolean', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([ '-t', 'moo' ], { boolean: 't' });
+    t.deepEqual(argv, { t : true, _ : [ 'moo' ] });
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.t, 'boolean');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('flag boolean value', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--verbose', 'false', 'moo', '-t', 'true'], {
+        boolean: [ 't', 'verbose' ],
+        default: { verbose: true }
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        verbose: false,
+        t: true,
+        _: ['moo']
+    });
+    
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.verbose, 'boolean');
+    t.deepEqual(typeof argv.t, 'boolean');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('newlines in params' , function (t) {
+    var args = parse([ '-s', "X\nX" ])
+    t.deepEqual(args, { _ : [], s : "X\nX" });
+    
+    // reproduce in bash:
+    // VALUE="new
+    // line"
+    // node program.js --s="$VALUE"
+    args = parse([ "--s=X\nX" ])
+    t.deepEqual(args, { _ : [], s : "X\nX" });
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('strings' , function (t) {
+    var s = parse([ '-s', '0001234' ], { string: 's' }).s;
+    t.equal(s, '0001234');
+    t.equal(typeof s, 'string');
+    
+    var x = parse([ '-x', '56' ], { string: 'x' }).x;
+    t.equal(x, '56');
+    t.equal(typeof x, 'string');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('stringArgs', function (t) {
+    var s = parse([ '  ', '  ' ], { string: '_' })._;
+    t.same(s.length, 2);
+    t.same(typeof s[0], 'string');
+    t.same(s[0], '  ');
+    t.same(typeof s[1], 'string');
+    t.same(s[1], '  ');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('empty strings', function(t) {
+    var s = parse([ '-s' ], { string: 's' }).s;
+    t.equal(s, '');
+    t.equal(typeof s, 'string');
+
+    var str = parse([ '--str' ], { string: 'str' }).str;
+    t.equal(str, '');
+    t.equal(typeof str, 'string');
+
+    var letters = parse([ '-art' ], {
+        string: [ 'a', 't' ]
+    });
+
+    t.equal(letters.a, '');
+    t.equal(letters.r, true);
+    t.equal(letters.t, '');
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+
+test('string and alias', function(t) {
+    var x = parse([ '--str',  '000123' ], {
+        string: 's',
+        alias: { s: 'str' }
+    });
+
+    t.equal(x.str, '000123');
+    t.equal(typeof x.str, 'string');
+    t.equal(x.s, '000123');
+    t.equal(typeof x.s, 'string');
+
+    var y = parse([ '-s',  '000123' ], {
+        string: 'str',
+        alias: { str: 's' }
+    });
+
+    t.equal(y.str, '000123');
+    t.equal(typeof y.str, 'string');
+    t.equal(y.s, '000123');
+    t.equal(typeof y.s, 'string');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('slashBreak', function (t) {
+    t.same(
+        parse([ '-I/foo/bar/baz' ]),
+        { I : '/foo/bar/baz', _ : [] }
+    );
+    t.same(
+        parse([ '-xyz/foo/bar/baz' ]),
+        { x : true, y : true, z : '/foo/bar/baz', _ : [] }
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('alias', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([ '-f', '11', '--zoom', '55' ], {
+        alias: { z: 'zoom' }
+    });
+    t.equal(argv.zoom, 55);
+    t.equal(argv.z, argv.zoom);
+    t.equal(argv.f, 11);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('multiAlias', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([ '-f', '11', '--zoom', '55' ], {
+        alias: { z: [ 'zm', 'zoom' ] }
+    });
+    t.equal(argv.zoom, 55);
+    t.equal(argv.z, argv.zoom);
+    t.equal(argv.z, argv.zm);
+    t.equal(argv.f, 11);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('nested dotted objects', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse([
+        '--foo.bar', '3', '--foo.baz', '4',
+        '--foo.quux.quibble', '5', '--foo.quux.o_O',
+        '--beep.boop'
+    ]);
+    
+    t.same(argv.foo, {
+        bar : 3,
+        baz : 4,
+        quux : {
+            quibble : 5,
+            o_O : true
+        }
+    });
+    t.same(argv.beep, { boop : true });
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/parse_modified.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/parse_modified.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab620dc5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/parse_modified.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('parse with modifier functions' , function (t) {
+    t.plan(1);
+    
+    var argv = parse([ '-b', '123' ], { boolean: 'b' });
+    t.deepEqual(argv, { b: true, _: [123] });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/proto.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/proto.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8649107ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/proto.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('proto pollution', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--__proto__.x','123']);
+    t.equal({}.x, undefined);
+    t.equal(argv.__proto__.x, undefined);
+    t.equal(argv.x, undefined);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('proto pollution (array)', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--x','4','--x','5','--x.__proto__.z','789']);
+    t.equal({}.z, undefined);
+    t.deepEqual(argv.x, [4,5]);
+    t.equal(argv.x.z, undefined);
+    t.equal(argv.x.__proto__.z, undefined);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('proto pollution (number)', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--x','5','--x.__proto__.z','100']);
+    t.equal({}.z, undefined);
+    t.equal((4).z, undefined);
+    t.equal(argv.x, 5);
+    t.equal(argv.x.z, undefined);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('proto pollution (string)', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--x','abc','--x.__proto__.z','def']);
+    t.equal({}.z, undefined);
+    t.equal('...'.z, undefined);
+    t.equal(argv.x, 'abc');
+    t.equal(argv.x.z, undefined);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('proto pollution (constructor)', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--constructor.prototype.y','123']);
+    t.equal({}.y, undefined);
+    t.equal(argv.y, undefined);
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/short.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/short.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d513a1c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/short.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('numeric short args', function (t) {
+    t.plan(2);
+    t.deepEqual(parse([ '-n123' ]), { n: 123, _: [] });
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-123', '456' ]),
+        { 1: true, 2: true, 3: 456, _: [] }
+    );
+});
+
+test('short', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-b' ]),
+        { b : true, _ : [] },
+        'short boolean'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ]),
+        { _ : [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ] },
+        'bare'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-cats' ]),
+        { c : true, a : true, t : true, s : true, _ : [] },
+        'group'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-cats', 'meow' ]),
+        { c : true, a : true, t : true, s : 'meow', _ : [] },
+        'short group next'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-h', 'localhost' ]),
+        { h : 'localhost', _ : [] },
+        'short capture'
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-h', 'localhost', '-p', '555' ]),
+        { h : 'localhost', p : 555, _ : [] },
+        'short captures'
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
+ 
+test('mixed short bool and capture', function (t) {
+    t.same(
+        parse([ '-h', 'localhost', '-fp', '555', 'script.js' ]),
+        {
+            f : true, p : 555, h : 'localhost',
+            _ : [ 'script.js' ]
+        }
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
+ 
+test('short and long', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(
+        parse([ '-h', 'localhost', '-fp', '555', 'script.js' ]),
+        {
+            f : true, p : 555, h : 'localhost',
+            _ : [ 'script.js' ]
+        }
+    );
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/stop_early.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/stop_early.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdf9fbcb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/stop_early.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('stops parsing on the first non-option when stopEarly is set', function (t) {
+    var argv = parse(['--aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc', '--ddd'], {
+        stopEarly: true
+    });
+
+    t.deepEqual(argv, {
+        aaa: 'bbb',
+        _: ['ccc', '--ddd']
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/unknown.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/unknown.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..462a36bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/unknown.js
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('boolean and alias is not unknown', function (t) {
+    var unknown = [];
+    function unknownFn(arg) {
+        unknown.push(arg);
+        return false;
+    }
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'true', '--derp', 'true' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp',  'true', '-d', 'true' ];
+    var opts = {
+        alias: { h: 'herp' },
+        boolean: 'h',
+        unknown: unknownFn
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, opts);
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, opts);
+
+    t.same(unknown, ['--derp', '-d']);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('flag boolean true any double hyphen argument is not unknown', function (t) {
+    var unknown = [];
+    function unknownFn(arg) {
+        unknown.push(arg);
+        return false;
+    }
+    var argv = parse(['--honk', '--tacos=good', 'cow', '-p', '55'], {
+        boolean: true,
+        unknown: unknownFn
+    });
+    t.same(unknown, ['--tacos=good', 'cow', '-p']);
+    t.same(argv, {
+        honk: true,
+        _: []
+    });
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('string and alias is not unknown', function (t) {
+    var unknown = [];
+    function unknownFn(arg) {
+        unknown.push(arg);
+        return false;
+    }
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'hello', '--derp', 'goodbye' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp',  'hello', '-d', 'moon' ];
+    var opts = {
+        alias: { h: 'herp' },
+        string: 'h',
+        unknown: unknownFn
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, opts);
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, opts);
+
+    t.same(unknown, ['--derp', '-d']);
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('default and alias is not unknown', function (t) {
+    var unknown = [];
+    function unknownFn(arg) {
+        unknown.push(arg);
+        return false;
+    }
+    var aliased = [ '-h', 'hello' ];
+    var regular = [ '--herp',  'hello' ];
+    var opts = {
+        default: { 'h': 'bar' },
+        alias: { 'h': 'herp' },
+        unknown: unknownFn
+    };
+    var aliasedArgv = parse(aliased, opts);
+    var propertyArgv = parse(regular, opts);
+
+    t.same(unknown, []);
+    t.end();
+    unknownFn(); // exercise fn for 100% coverage
+});
+
+test('value following -- is not unknown', function (t) {
+    var unknown = [];
+    function unknownFn(arg) {
+        unknown.push(arg);
+        return false;
+    }
+    var aliased = [ '--bad', '--', 'good', 'arg' ];
+    var opts = {
+        '--': true,
+        unknown: unknownFn
+    };
+    var argv = parse(aliased, opts);
+
+    t.same(unknown, ['--bad']);
+    t.same(argv, {
+        '--': ['good', 'arg'],
+        '_': []
+    })
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/whitespace.js b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/whitespace.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a52a58ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minimist/test/whitespace.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+var parse = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('whitespace should be whitespace' , function (t) {
+    t.plan(1);
+    var x = parse([ '-x', '\t' ]).x;
+    t.equal(x, '\t');
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minipass/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/minipass/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20a476254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minipass/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) npm, Inc. and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minipass/README.md b/backend/node_modules/minipass/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a6ff7f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minipass/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+# minipass
+
+A _very_ minimal implementation of a [PassThrough
+stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_passthrough)
+
+[It's very
+fast](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1oObKSrVwLX_7Ut4Z6g3fZW-AX1j1-k6w-cDsrkaSbHM/edit#gid=0)
+for objects, strings, and buffers.
+
+Supports pipe()ing (including multi-pipe() and backpressure transmission),
+buffering data until either a `data` event handler or `pipe()` is added (so
+you don't lose the first chunk), and most other cases where PassThrough is
+a good idea.
+
+There is a `read()` method, but it's much more efficient to consume data
+from this stream via `'data'` events or by calling `pipe()` into some other
+stream.  Calling `read()` requires the buffer to be flattened in some
+cases, which requires copying memory.
+
+There is also no `unpipe()` method.  Once you start piping, there is no
+stopping it!
+
+If you set `objectMode: true` in the options, then whatever is written will
+be emitted.  Otherwise, it'll do a minimal amount of Buffer copying to
+ensure proper Streams semantics when `read(n)` is called.
+
+`objectMode` can also be set by doing `stream.objectMode = true`, or by
+writing any non-string/non-buffer data.  `objectMode` cannot be set to
+false once it is set.
+
+This is not a `through` or `through2` stream.  It doesn't transform the
+data, it just passes it right through.  If you want to transform the data,
+extend the class, and override the `write()` method.  Once you're done
+transforming the data however you want, call `super.write()` with the
+transform output.
+
+For some examples of streams that extend Minipass in various ways, check
+out:
+
+- [minizlib](http://npm.im/minizlib)
+- [fs-minipass](http://npm.im/fs-minipass)
+- [tar](http://npm.im/tar)
+- [minipass-collect](http://npm.im/minipass-collect)
+- [minipass-flush](http://npm.im/minipass-flush)
+- [minipass-pipeline](http://npm.im/minipass-pipeline)
+- [tap](http://npm.im/tap)
+- [tap-parser](http://npm.im/tap)
+- [treport](http://npm.im/tap)
+- [minipass-fetch](http://npm.im/minipass-fetch)
+- [pacote](http://npm.im/pacote)
+- [make-fetch-happen](http://npm.im/make-fetch-happen)
+- [cacache](http://npm.im/cacache)
+- [ssri](http://npm.im/ssri)
+- [npm-registry-fetch](http://npm.im/npm-registry-fetch)
+- [minipass-json-stream](http://npm.im/minipass-json-stream)
+- [minipass-sized](http://npm.im/minipass-sized)
+
+## Differences from Node.js Streams
+
+There are several things that make Minipass streams different from (and in
+some ways superior to) Node.js core streams.
+
+Please read these caveats if you are familiar with noode-core streams and
+intend to use Minipass streams in your programs.
+
+### Timing
+
+Minipass streams are designed to support synchronous use-cases.  Thus, data
+is emitted as soon as it is available, always.  It is buffered until read,
+but no longer.  Another way to look at it is that Minipass streams are
+exactly as synchronous as the logic that writes into them.
+
+This can be surprising if your code relies on `PassThrough.write()` always
+providing data on the next tick rather than the current one, or being able
+to call `resume()` and not have the entire buffer disappear immediately.
+
+However, without this synchronicity guarantee, there would be no way for
+Minipass to achieve the speeds it does, or support the synchronous use
+cases that it does.  Simply put, waiting takes time.
+
+This non-deferring approach makes Minipass streams much easier to reason
+about, especially in the context of Promises and other flow-control
+mechanisms.
+
+### No High/Low Water Marks
+
+Node.js core streams will optimistically fill up a buffer, returning `true`
+on all writes until the limit is hit, even if the data has nowhere to go.
+Then, they will not attempt to draw more data in until the buffer size dips
+below a minimum value.
+
+Minipass streams are much simpler.  The `write()` method will return `true`
+if the data has somewhere to go (which is to say, given the timing
+guarantees, that the data is already there by the time `write()` returns).
+
+If the data has nowhere to go, then `write()` returns false, and the data
+sits in a buffer, to be drained out immediately as soon as anyone consumes
+it.
+
+### Hazards of Buffering (or: Why Minipass Is So Fast)
+
+Since data written to a Minipass stream is immediately written all the way
+through the pipeline, and `write()` always returns true/false based on
+whether the data was fully flushed, backpressure is communicated
+immediately to the upstream caller.  This minimizes buffering.
+
+Consider this case:
+
+```js
+const {PassThrough} = require('stream')
+const p1 = new PassThrough({ highWaterMark: 1024 })
+const p2 = new PassThrough({ highWaterMark: 1024 })
+const p3 = new PassThrough({ highWaterMark: 1024 })
+const p4 = new PassThrough({ highWaterMark: 1024 })
+
+p1.pipe(p2).pipe(p3).pipe(p4)
+p4.on('data', () => console.log('made it through'))
+
+// this returns false and buffers, then writes to p2 on next tick (1)
+// p2 returns false and buffers, pausing p1, then writes to p3 on next tick (2)
+// p3 returns false and buffers, pausing p2, then writes to p4 on next tick (3)
+// p4 returns false and buffers, pausing p3, then emits 'data' and 'drain'
+// on next tick (4)
+// p3 sees p4's 'drain' event, and calls resume(), emitting 'resume' and
+// 'drain' on next tick (5)
+// p2 sees p3's 'drain', calls resume(), emits 'resume' and 'drain' on next tick (6)
+// p1 sees p2's 'drain', calls resume(), emits 'resume' and 'drain' on next
+// tick (7)
+
+p1.write(Buffer.alloc(2048)) // returns false
+```
+
+Along the way, the data was buffered and deferred at each stage, and
+multiple event deferrals happened, for an unblocked pipeline where it was
+perfectly safe to write all the way through!
+
+Furthermore, setting a `highWaterMark` of `1024` might lead someone reading
+the code to think an advisory maximum of 1KiB is being set for the
+pipeline.  However, the actual advisory buffering level is the _sum_ of
+`highWaterMark` values, since each one has its own bucket.
+
+Consider the Minipass case:
+
+```js
+const m1 = new Minipass()
+const m2 = new Minipass()
+const m3 = new Minipass()
+const m4 = new Minipass()
+
+m1.pipe(m2).pipe(m3).pipe(m4)
+m4.on('data', () => console.log('made it through'))
+
+// m1 is flowing, so it writes the data to m2 immediately
+// m2 is flowing, so it writes the data to m3 immediately
+// m3 is flowing, so it writes the data to m4 immediately
+// m4 is flowing, so it fires the 'data' event immediately, returns true
+// m4's write returned true, so m3 is still flowing, returns true
+// m3's write returned true, so m2 is still flowing, returns true
+// m2's write returned true, so m1 is still flowing, returns true
+// No event deferrals or buffering along the way!
+
+m1.write(Buffer.alloc(2048)) // returns true
+```
+
+It is extremely unlikely that you _don't_ want to buffer any data written,
+or _ever_ buffer data that can be flushed all the way through.  Neither
+node-core streams nor Minipass ever fail to buffer written data, but
+node-core streams do a lot of unnecessary buffering and pausing.
+
+As always, the faster implementation is the one that does less stuff and
+waits less time to do it.
+
+### Immediately emit `end` for empty streams (when not paused)
+
+If a stream is not paused, and `end()` is called before writing any data
+into it, then it will emit `end` immediately.
+
+If you have logic that occurs on the `end` event which you don't want to
+potentially happen immediately (for example, closing file descriptors,
+moving on to the next entry in an archive parse stream, etc.) then be sure
+to call `stream.pause()` on creation, and then `stream.resume()` once you
+are ready to respond to the `end` event.
+
+### Emit `end` When Asked
+
+One hazard of immediately emitting `'end'` is that you may not yet have had
+a chance to add a listener.  In order to avoid this hazard, Minipass
+streams safely re-emit the `'end'` event if a new listener is added after
+`'end'` has been emitted.
+
+Ie, if you do `stream.on('end', someFunction)`, and the stream has already
+emitted `end`, then it will call the handler right away.  (You can think of
+this somewhat like attaching a new `.then(fn)` to a previously-resolved
+Promise.)
+
+To prevent calling handlers multiple times who would not expect multiple
+ends to occur, all listeners are removed from the `'end'` event whenever it
+is emitted.
+
+### Impact of "immediate flow" on Tee-streams
+
+A "tee stream" is a stream piping to multiple destinations:
+
+```js
+const tee = new Minipass()
+t.pipe(dest1)
+t.pipe(dest2)
+t.write('foo') // goes to both destinations
+```
+
+Since Minipass streams _immediately_ process any pending data through the
+pipeline when a new pipe destination is added, this can have surprising
+effects, especially when a stream comes in from some other function and may
+or may not have data in its buffer.
+
+```js
+// WARNING! WILL LOSE DATA!
+const src = new Minipass()
+src.write('foo')
+src.pipe(dest1) // 'foo' chunk flows to dest1 immediately, and is gone
+src.pipe(dest2) // gets nothing!
+```
+
+The solution is to create a dedicated tee-stream junction that pipes to
+both locations, and then pipe to _that_ instead.
+
+```js
+// Safe example: tee to both places
+const src = new Minipass()
+src.write('foo')
+const tee = new Minipass()
+tee.pipe(dest1)
+tee.pipe(dest2)
+src.pipe(tee) // tee gets 'foo', pipes to both locations
+```
+
+The same caveat applies to `on('data')` event listeners.  The first one
+added will _immediately_ receive all of the data, leaving nothing for the
+second:
+
+```js
+// WARNING! WILL LOSE DATA!
+const src = new Minipass()
+src.write('foo')
+src.on('data', handler1) // receives 'foo' right away
+src.on('data', handler2) // nothing to see here!
+```
+
+Using a dedicated tee-stream can be used in this case as well:
+
+```js
+// Safe example: tee to both data handlers
+const src = new Minipass()
+src.write('foo')
+const tee = new Minipass()
+tee.on('data', handler1)
+tee.on('data', handler2)
+src.pipe(tee)
+```
+
+## USAGE
+
+It's a stream!  Use it like a stream and it'll most likely do what you
+want.
+
+```js
+const Minipass = require('minipass')
+const mp = new Minipass(options) // optional: { encoding, objectMode }
+mp.write('foo')
+mp.pipe(someOtherStream)
+mp.end('bar')
+```
+
+### OPTIONS
+
+* `encoding` How would you like the data coming _out_ of the stream to be
+  encoded?  Accepts any values that can be passed to `Buffer.toString()`.
+* `objectMode` Emit data exactly as it comes in.  This will be flipped on
+  by default if you write() something other than a string or Buffer at any
+  point.  Setting `objectMode: true` will prevent setting any encoding
+  value.
+
+### API
+
+Implements the user-facing portions of Node.js's `Readable` and `Writable`
+streams.
+
+### Methods
+
+* `write(chunk, [encoding], [callback])` - Put data in.  (Note that, in the
+  base Minipass class, the same data will come out.)  Returns `false` if
+  the stream will buffer the next write, or true if it's still in "flowing"
+  mode.
+* `end([chunk, [encoding]], [callback])` - Signal that you have no more
+  data to write.  This will queue an `end` event to be fired when all the
+  data has been consumed.
+* `setEncoding(encoding)` - Set the encoding for data coming of the stream.
+  This can only be done once.
+* `pause()` - No more data for a while, please.  This also prevents `end`
+  from being emitted for empty streams until the stream is resumed.
+* `resume()` - Resume the stream.  If there's data in the buffer, it is all
+  discarded.  Any buffered events are immediately emitted.
+* `pipe(dest)` - Send all output to the stream provided.  There is no way
+  to unpipe.  When data is emitted, it is immediately written to any and
+  all pipe destinations.
+* `on(ev, fn)`, `emit(ev, fn)` - Minipass streams are EventEmitters.  Some
+  events are given special treatment, however.  (See below under "events".)
+* `promise()` - Returns a Promise that resolves when the stream emits
+  `end`, or rejects if the stream emits `error`.
+* `collect()` - Return a Promise that resolves on `end` with an array
+  containing each chunk of data that was emitted, or rejects if the stream
+  emits `error`.  Note that this consumes the stream data.
+* `concat()` - Same as `collect()`, but concatenates the data into a single
+  Buffer object.  Will reject the returned promise if the stream is in
+  objectMode, or if it goes into objectMode by the end of the data.
+* `read(n)` - Consume `n` bytes of data out of the buffer.  If `n` is not
+  provided, then consume all of it.  If `n` bytes are not available, then
+  it returns null.  **Note** consuming streams in this way is less
+  efficient, and can lead to unnecessary Buffer copying.
+* `destroy([er])` - Destroy the stream.  If an error is provided, then an
+  `'error'` event is emitted.  If the stream has a `close()` method, and
+  has not emitted a `'close'` event yet, then `stream.close()` will be
+  called.  Any Promises returned by `.promise()`, `.collect()` or
+  `.concat()` will be rejected.  After being destroyed, writing to the
+  stream will emit an error.  No more data will be emitted if the stream is
+  destroyed, even if it was previously buffered.
+
+### Properties
+
+* `bufferLength` Read-only.  Total number of bytes buffered, or in the case
+  of objectMode, the total number of objects.
+* `encoding` The encoding that has been set.  (Setting this is equivalent
+  to calling `setEncoding(enc)` and has the same prohibition against
+  setting multiple times.)
+* `flowing` Read-only.  Boolean indicating whether a chunk written to the
+  stream will be immediately emitted.
+* `emittedEnd` Read-only.  Boolean indicating whether the end-ish events
+  (ie, `end`, `prefinish`, `finish`) have been emitted.  Note that
+  listening on any end-ish event will immediateyl re-emit it if it has
+  already been emitted.
+* `writable` Whether the stream is writable.  Default `true`.  Set to
+  `false` when `end()`
+* `readable` Whether the stream is readable.  Default `true`.
+* `buffer` A [yallist](http://npm.im/yallist) linked list of chunks written
+  to the stream that have not yet been emitted.  (It's probably a bad idea
+  to mess with this.)
+* `pipes` A [yallist](http://npm.im/yallist) linked list of streams that
+  this stream is piping into.  (It's probably a bad idea to mess with
+  this.)
+* `destroyed` A getter that indicates whether the stream was destroyed.
+* `paused` True if the stream has been explicitly paused, otherwise false.
+* `objectMode` Indicates whether the stream is in `objectMode`.  Once set
+  to `true`, it cannot be set to `false`.
+
+### Events
+
+* `data` Emitted when there's data to read.  Argument is the data to read.
+  This is never emitted while not flowing.  If a listener is attached, that
+  will resume the stream.
+* `end` Emitted when there's no more data to read.  This will be emitted
+  immediately for empty streams when `end()` is called.  If a listener is
+  attached, and `end` was already emitted, then it will be emitted again.
+  All listeners are removed when `end` is emitted.
+* `prefinish` An end-ish event that follows the same logic as `end` and is
+  emitted in the same conditions where `end` is emitted.  Emitted after
+  `'end'`.
+* `finish` An end-ish event that follows the same logic as `end` and is
+  emitted in the same conditions where `end` is emitted.  Emitted after
+  `'prefinish'`.
+* `close` An indication that an underlying resource has been released.
+  Minipass does not emit this event, but will defer it until after `end`
+  has been emitted, since it throws off some stream libraries otherwise.
+* `drain` Emitted when the internal buffer empties, and it is again
+  suitable to `write()` into the stream.
+* `readable` Emitted when data is buffered and ready to be read by a
+  consumer.
+* `resume` Emitted when stream changes state from buffering to flowing
+  mode.  (Ie, when `resume` is called, `pipe` is called, or a `data` event
+  listener is added.)
+
+### Static Methods
+
+* `Minipass.isStream(stream)` Returns `true` if the argument is a stream,
+  and false otherwise.  To be considered a stream, the object must be
+  either an instance of Minipass, or an EventEmitter that has either a
+  `pipe()` method, or both `write()` and `end()` methods.  (Pretty much any
+  stream in node-land will return `true` for this.)
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+Here are some examples of things you can do with Minipass streams.
+
+### simple "are you done yet" promise
+
+```js
+mp.promise().then(() => {
+  // stream is finished
+}, er => {
+  // stream emitted an error
+})
+```
+
+### collecting
+
+```js
+mp.collect().then(all => {
+  // all is an array of all the data emitted
+  // encoding is supported in this case, so
+  // so the result will be a collection of strings if
+  // an encoding is specified, or buffers/objects if not.
+  //
+  // In an async function, you may do
+  // const data = await stream.collect()
+})
+```
+
+### collecting into a single blob
+
+This is a bit slower because it concatenates the data into one chunk for
+you, but if you're going to do it yourself anyway, it's convenient this
+way:
+
+```js
+mp.concat().then(onebigchunk => {
+  // onebigchunk is a string if the stream
+  // had an encoding set, or a buffer otherwise.
+})
+```
+
+### iteration
+
+You can iterate over streams synchronously or asynchronously in platforms
+that support it.
+
+Synchronous iteration will end when the currently available data is
+consumed, even if the `end` event has not been reached.  In string and
+buffer mode, the data is concatenated, so unless multiple writes are
+occurring in the same tick as the `read()`, sync iteration loops will
+generally only have a single iteration.
+
+To consume chunks in this way exactly as they have been written, with no
+flattening, create the stream with the `{ objectMode: true }` option.
+
+```js
+const mp = new Minipass({ objectMode: true })
+mp.write('a')
+mp.write('b')
+for (let letter of mp) {
+  console.log(letter) // a, b
+}
+mp.write('c')
+mp.write('d')
+for (let letter of mp) {
+  console.log(letter) // c, d
+}
+mp.write('e')
+mp.end()
+for (let letter of mp) {
+  console.log(letter) // e
+}
+for (let letter of mp) {
+  console.log(letter) // nothing
+}
+```
+
+Asynchronous iteration will continue until the end event is reached,
+consuming all of the data.
+
+```js
+const mp = new Minipass({ encoding: 'utf8' })
+
+// some source of some data
+let i = 5
+const inter = setInterval(() => {
+  if (i --> 0)
+    mp.write(Buffer.from('foo\n', 'utf8'))
+  else {
+    mp.end()
+    clearInterval(inter)
+  }
+}, 100)
+
+// consume the data with asynchronous iteration
+async function consume () {
+  for await (let chunk of mp) {
+    console.log(chunk)
+  }
+  return 'ok'
+}
+
+consume().then(res => console.log(res))
+// logs `foo\n` 5 times, and then `ok`
+```
+
+### subclass that `console.log()`s everything written into it
+
+```js
+class Logger extends Minipass {
+  write (chunk, encoding, callback) {
+    console.log('WRITE', chunk, encoding)
+    return super.write(chunk, encoding, callback)
+  }
+  end (chunk, encoding, callback) {
+    console.log('END', chunk, encoding)
+    return super.end(chunk, encoding, callback)
+  }
+}
+
+someSource.pipe(new Logger()).pipe(someDest)
+```
+
+### same thing, but using an inline anonymous class
+
+```js
+// js classes are fun
+someSource
+  .pipe(new (class extends Minipass {
+    emit (ev, ...data) {
+      // let's also log events, because debugging some weird thing
+      console.log('EMIT', ev)
+      return super.emit(ev, ...data)
+    }
+    write (chunk, encoding, callback) {
+      console.log('WRITE', chunk, encoding)
+      return super.write(chunk, encoding, callback)
+    }
+    end (chunk, encoding, callback) {
+      console.log('END', chunk, encoding)
+      return super.end(chunk, encoding, callback)
+    }
+  }))
+  .pipe(someDest)
+```
+
+### subclass that defers 'end' for some reason
+
+```js
+class SlowEnd extends Minipass {
+  emit (ev, ...args) {
+    if (ev === 'end') {
+      console.log('going to end, hold on a sec')
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        console.log('ok, ready to end now')
+        super.emit('end', ...args)
+      }, 100)
+    } else {
+      return super.emit(ev, ...args)
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### transform that creates newline-delimited JSON
+
+```js
+class NDJSONEncode extends Minipass {
+  write (obj, cb) {
+    try {
+      // JSON.stringify can throw, emit an error on that
+      return super.write(JSON.stringify(obj) + '\n', 'utf8', cb)
+    } catch (er) {
+      this.emit('error', er)
+    }
+  }
+  end (obj, cb) {
+    if (typeof obj === 'function') {
+      cb = obj
+      obj = undefined
+    }
+    if (obj !== undefined) {
+      this.write(obj)
+    }
+    return super.end(cb)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### transform that parses newline-delimited JSON
+
+```js
+class NDJSONDecode extends Minipass {
+  constructor (options) {
+    // always be in object mode, as far as Minipass is concerned
+    super({ objectMode: true })
+    this._jsonBuffer = ''
+  }
+  write (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+    if (typeof chunk === 'string' &&
+        typeof encoding === 'string' &&
+        encoding !== 'utf8') {
+      chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding).toString()
+    } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk))
+      chunk = chunk.toString()
+    }
+    if (typeof encoding === 'function') {
+      cb = encoding
+    }
+    const jsonData = (this._jsonBuffer + chunk).split('\n')
+    this._jsonBuffer = jsonData.pop()
+    for (let i = 0; i < jsonData.length; i++) {
+      let parsed
+      try {
+        super.write(parsed)
+      } catch (er) {
+        this.emit('error', er)
+        continue
+      }
+    }
+    if (cb)
+      cb()
+  }
+}
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minipass/index.js b/backend/node_modules/minipass/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56cbd665d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minipass/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+'use strict'
+const EE = require('events')
+const Stream = require('stream')
+const Yallist = require('yallist')
+const SD = require('string_decoder').StringDecoder
+
+const EOF = Symbol('EOF')
+const MAYBE_EMIT_END = Symbol('maybeEmitEnd')
+const EMITTED_END = Symbol('emittedEnd')
+const EMITTING_END = Symbol('emittingEnd')
+const CLOSED = Symbol('closed')
+const READ = Symbol('read')
+const FLUSH = Symbol('flush')
+const FLUSHCHUNK = Symbol('flushChunk')
+const ENCODING = Symbol('encoding')
+const DECODER = Symbol('decoder')
+const FLOWING = Symbol('flowing')
+const PAUSED = Symbol('paused')
+const RESUME = Symbol('resume')
+const BUFFERLENGTH = Symbol('bufferLength')
+const BUFFERPUSH = Symbol('bufferPush')
+const BUFFERSHIFT = Symbol('bufferShift')
+const OBJECTMODE = Symbol('objectMode')
+const DESTROYED = Symbol('destroyed')
+
+// TODO remove when Node v8 support drops
+const doIter = global._MP_NO_ITERATOR_SYMBOLS_  !== '1'
+const ASYNCITERATOR = doIter && Symbol.asyncIterator
+  || Symbol('asyncIterator not implemented')
+const ITERATOR = doIter && Symbol.iterator
+  || Symbol('iterator not implemented')
+
+// events that mean 'the stream is over'
+// these are treated specially, and re-emitted
+// if they are listened for after emitting.
+const isEndish = ev =>
+  ev === 'end' ||
+  ev === 'finish' ||
+  ev === 'prefinish'
+
+const isArrayBuffer = b => b instanceof ArrayBuffer ||
+  typeof b === 'object' &&
+  b.constructor &&
+  b.constructor.name === 'ArrayBuffer' &&
+  b.byteLength >= 0
+
+const isArrayBufferView = b => !Buffer.isBuffer(b) && ArrayBuffer.isView(b)
+
+module.exports = class Minipass extends Stream {
+  constructor (options) {
+    super()
+    this[FLOWING] = false
+    // whether we're explicitly paused
+    this[PAUSED] = false
+    this.pipes = new Yallist()
+    this.buffer = new Yallist()
+    this[OBJECTMODE] = options && options.objectMode || false
+    if (this[OBJECTMODE])
+      this[ENCODING] = null
+    else
+      this[ENCODING] = options && options.encoding || null
+    if (this[ENCODING] === 'buffer')
+      this[ENCODING] = null
+    this[DECODER] = this[ENCODING] ? new SD(this[ENCODING]) : null
+    this[EOF] = false
+    this[EMITTED_END] = false
+    this[EMITTING_END] = false
+    this[CLOSED] = false
+    this.writable = true
+    this.readable = true
+    this[BUFFERLENGTH] = 0
+    this[DESTROYED] = false
+  }
+
+  get bufferLength () { return this[BUFFERLENGTH] }
+
+  get encoding () { return this[ENCODING] }
+  set encoding (enc) {
+    if (this[OBJECTMODE])
+      throw new Error('cannot set encoding in objectMode')
+
+    if (this[ENCODING] && enc !== this[ENCODING] &&
+        (this[DECODER] && this[DECODER].lastNeed || this[BUFFERLENGTH]))
+      throw new Error('cannot change encoding')
+
+    if (this[ENCODING] !== enc) {
+      this[DECODER] = enc ? new SD(enc) : null
+      if (this.buffer.length)
+        this.buffer = this.buffer.map(chunk => this[DECODER].write(chunk))
+    }
+
+    this[ENCODING] = enc
+  }
+
+  setEncoding (enc) {
+    this.encoding = enc
+  }
+
+  get objectMode () { return this[OBJECTMODE] }
+  set objectMode (om) { this[OBJECTMODE] = this[OBJECTMODE] || !!om }
+
+  write (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+    if (this[EOF])
+      throw new Error('write after end')
+
+    if (this[DESTROYED]) {
+      this.emit('error', Object.assign(
+        new Error('Cannot call write after a stream was destroyed'),
+        { code: 'ERR_STREAM_DESTROYED' }
+      ))
+      return true
+    }
+
+    if (typeof encoding === 'function')
+      cb = encoding, encoding = 'utf8'
+
+    if (!encoding)
+      encoding = 'utf8'
+
+    // convert array buffers and typed array views into buffers
+    // at some point in the future, we may want to do the opposite!
+    // leave strings and buffers as-is
+    // anything else switches us into object mode
+    if (!this[OBJECTMODE] && !Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
+      if (isArrayBufferView(chunk))
+        chunk = Buffer.from(chunk.buffer, chunk.byteOffset, chunk.byteLength)
+      else if (isArrayBuffer(chunk))
+        chunk = Buffer.from(chunk)
+      else if (typeof chunk !== 'string')
+        // use the setter so we throw if we have encoding set
+        this.objectMode = true
+    }
+
+    // this ensures at this point that the chunk is a buffer or string
+    // don't buffer it up or send it to the decoder
+    if (!this.objectMode && !chunk.length) {
+      if (this[BUFFERLENGTH] !== 0)
+        this.emit('readable')
+      if (cb)
+        cb()
+      return this.flowing
+    }
+
+    // fast-path writing strings of same encoding to a stream with
+    // an empty buffer, skipping the buffer/decoder dance
+    if (typeof chunk === 'string' && !this[OBJECTMODE] &&
+        // unless it is a string already ready for us to use
+        !(encoding === this[ENCODING] && !this[DECODER].lastNeed)) {
+      chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding)
+    }
+
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) && this[ENCODING])
+      chunk = this[DECODER].write(chunk)
+
+    if (this.flowing) {
+      // if we somehow have something in the buffer, but we think we're
+      // flowing, then we need to flush all that out first, or we get
+      // chunks coming in out of order.  Can't emit 'drain' here though,
+      // because we're mid-write, so that'd be bad.
+      if (this[BUFFERLENGTH] !== 0)
+        this[FLUSH](true)
+      this.emit('data', chunk)
+    } else
+      this[BUFFERPUSH](chunk)
+
+    if (this[BUFFERLENGTH] !== 0)
+      this.emit('readable')
+
+    if (cb)
+      cb()
+
+    return this.flowing
+  }
+
+  read (n) {
+    if (this[DESTROYED])
+      return null
+
+    try {
+      if (this[BUFFERLENGTH] === 0 || n === 0 || n > this[BUFFERLENGTH])
+        return null
+
+      if (this[OBJECTMODE])
+        n = null
+
+      if (this.buffer.length > 1 && !this[OBJECTMODE]) {
+        if (this.encoding)
+          this.buffer = new Yallist([
+            Array.from(this.buffer).join('')
+          ])
+        else
+          this.buffer = new Yallist([
+            Buffer.concat(Array.from(this.buffer), this[BUFFERLENGTH])
+          ])
+      }
+
+      return this[READ](n || null, this.buffer.head.value)
+    } finally {
+      this[MAYBE_EMIT_END]()
+    }
+  }
+
+  [READ] (n, chunk) {
+    if (n === chunk.length || n === null)
+      this[BUFFERSHIFT]()
+    else {
+      this.buffer.head.value = chunk.slice(n)
+      chunk = chunk.slice(0, n)
+      this[BUFFERLENGTH] -= n
+    }
+
+    this.emit('data', chunk)
+
+    if (!this.buffer.length && !this[EOF])
+      this.emit('drain')
+
+    return chunk
+  }
+
+  end (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+    if (typeof chunk === 'function')
+      cb = chunk, chunk = null
+    if (typeof encoding === 'function')
+      cb = encoding, encoding = 'utf8'
+    if (chunk)
+      this.write(chunk, encoding)
+    if (cb)
+      this.once('end', cb)
+    this[EOF] = true
+    this.writable = false
+
+    // if we haven't written anything, then go ahead and emit,
+    // even if we're not reading.
+    // we'll re-emit if a new 'end' listener is added anyway.
+    // This makes MP more suitable to write-only use cases.
+    if (this.flowing || !this[PAUSED])
+      this[MAYBE_EMIT_END]()
+    return this
+  }
+
+  // don't let the internal resume be overwritten
+  [RESUME] () {
+    if (this[DESTROYED])
+      return
+
+    this[PAUSED] = false
+    this[FLOWING] = true
+    this.emit('resume')
+    if (this.buffer.length)
+      this[FLUSH]()
+    else if (this[EOF])
+      this[MAYBE_EMIT_END]()
+    else
+      this.emit('drain')
+  }
+
+  resume () {
+    return this[RESUME]()
+  }
+
+  pause () {
+    this[FLOWING] = false
+    this[PAUSED] = true
+  }
+
+  get destroyed () {
+    return this[DESTROYED]
+  }
+
+  get flowing () {
+    return this[FLOWING]
+  }
+
+  get paused () {
+    return this[PAUSED]
+  }
+
+  [BUFFERPUSH] (chunk) {
+    if (this[OBJECTMODE])
+      this[BUFFERLENGTH] += 1
+    else
+      this[BUFFERLENGTH] += chunk.length
+    return this.buffer.push(chunk)
+  }
+
+  [BUFFERSHIFT] () {
+    if (this.buffer.length) {
+      if (this[OBJECTMODE])
+        this[BUFFERLENGTH] -= 1
+      else
+        this[BUFFERLENGTH] -= this.buffer.head.value.length
+    }
+    return this.buffer.shift()
+  }
+
+  [FLUSH] (noDrain) {
+    do {} while (this[FLUSHCHUNK](this[BUFFERSHIFT]()))
+
+    if (!noDrain && !this.buffer.length && !this[EOF])
+      this.emit('drain')
+  }
+
+  [FLUSHCHUNK] (chunk) {
+    return chunk ? (this.emit('data', chunk), this.flowing) : false
+  }
+
+  pipe (dest, opts) {
+    if (this[DESTROYED])
+      return
+
+    const ended = this[EMITTED_END]
+    opts = opts || {}
+    if (dest === process.stdout || dest === process.stderr)
+      opts.end = false
+    else
+      opts.end = opts.end !== false
+
+    const p = { dest: dest, opts: opts, ondrain: _ => this[RESUME]() }
+    this.pipes.push(p)
+
+    dest.on('drain', p.ondrain)
+    this[RESUME]()
+    // piping an ended stream ends immediately
+    if (ended && p.opts.end)
+      p.dest.end()
+    return dest
+  }
+
+  addListener (ev, fn) {
+    return this.on(ev, fn)
+  }
+
+  on (ev, fn) {
+    try {
+      return super.on(ev, fn)
+    } finally {
+      if (ev === 'data' && !this.pipes.length && !this.flowing)
+        this[RESUME]()
+      else if (isEndish(ev) && this[EMITTED_END]) {
+        super.emit(ev)
+        this.removeAllListeners(ev)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  get emittedEnd () {
+    return this[EMITTED_END]
+  }
+
+  [MAYBE_EMIT_END] () {
+    if (!this[EMITTING_END] &&
+        !this[EMITTED_END] &&
+        !this[DESTROYED] &&
+        this.buffer.length === 0 &&
+        this[EOF]) {
+      this[EMITTING_END] = true
+      this.emit('end')
+      this.emit('prefinish')
+      this.emit('finish')
+      if (this[CLOSED])
+        this.emit('close')
+      this[EMITTING_END] = false
+    }
+  }
+
+  emit (ev, data) {
+    // error and close are only events allowed after calling destroy()
+    if (ev !== 'error' && ev !== 'close' && ev !== DESTROYED && this[DESTROYED])
+      return
+    else if (ev === 'data') {
+      if (!data)
+        return
+
+      if (this.pipes.length)
+        this.pipes.forEach(p =>
+          p.dest.write(data) === false && this.pause())
+    } else if (ev === 'end') {
+      // only actual end gets this treatment
+      if (this[EMITTED_END] === true)
+        return
+
+      this[EMITTED_END] = true
+      this.readable = false
+
+      if (this[DECODER]) {
+        data = this[DECODER].end()
+        if (data) {
+          this.pipes.forEach(p => p.dest.write(data))
+          super.emit('data', data)
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.pipes.forEach(p => {
+        p.dest.removeListener('drain', p.ondrain)
+        if (p.opts.end)
+          p.dest.end()
+      })
+    } else if (ev === 'close') {
+      this[CLOSED] = true
+      // don't emit close before 'end' and 'finish'
+      if (!this[EMITTED_END] && !this[DESTROYED])
+        return
+    }
+
+    // TODO: replace with a spread operator when Node v4 support drops
+    const args = new Array(arguments.length)
+    args[0] = ev
+    args[1] = data
+    if (arguments.length > 2) {
+      for (let i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+        args[i] = arguments[i]
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return super.emit.apply(this, args)
+    } finally {
+      if (!isEndish(ev))
+        this[MAYBE_EMIT_END]()
+      else
+        this.removeAllListeners(ev)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // const all = await stream.collect()
+  collect () {
+    const buf = []
+    if (!this[OBJECTMODE])
+      buf.dataLength = 0
+    // set the promise first, in case an error is raised
+    // by triggering the flow here.
+    const p = this.promise()
+    this.on('data', c => {
+      buf.push(c)
+      if (!this[OBJECTMODE])
+        buf.dataLength += c.length
+    })
+    return p.then(() => buf)
+  }
+
+  // const data = await stream.concat()
+  concat () {
+    return this[OBJECTMODE]
+      ? Promise.reject(new Error('cannot concat in objectMode'))
+      : this.collect().then(buf =>
+          this[OBJECTMODE]
+            ? Promise.reject(new Error('cannot concat in objectMode'))
+            : this[ENCODING] ? buf.join('') : Buffer.concat(buf, buf.dataLength))
+  }
+
+  // stream.promise().then(() => done, er => emitted error)
+  promise () {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      this.on(DESTROYED, () => reject(new Error('stream destroyed')))
+      this.on('end', () => resolve())
+      this.on('error', er => reject(er))
+    })
+  }
+
+  // for await (let chunk of stream)
+  [ASYNCITERATOR] () {
+    const next = () => {
+      const res = this.read()
+      if (res !== null)
+        return Promise.resolve({ done: false, value: res })
+
+      if (this[EOF])
+        return Promise.resolve({ done: true })
+
+      let resolve = null
+      let reject = null
+      const onerr = er => {
+        this.removeListener('data', ondata)
+        this.removeListener('end', onend)
+        reject(er)
+      }
+      const ondata = value => {
+        this.removeListener('error', onerr)
+        this.removeListener('end', onend)
+        this.pause()
+        resolve({ value: value, done: !!this[EOF] })
+      }
+      const onend = () => {
+        this.removeListener('error', onerr)
+        this.removeListener('data', ondata)
+        resolve({ done: true })
+      }
+      const ondestroy = () => onerr(new Error('stream destroyed'))
+      return new Promise((res, rej) => {
+        reject = rej
+        resolve = res
+        this.once(DESTROYED, ondestroy)
+        this.once('error', onerr)
+        this.once('end', onend)
+        this.once('data', ondata)
+      })
+    }
+
+    return { next }
+  }
+
+  // for (let chunk of stream)
+  [ITERATOR] () {
+    const next = () => {
+      const value = this.read()
+      const done = value === null
+      return { value, done }
+    }
+    return { next }
+  }
+
+  destroy (er) {
+    if (this[DESTROYED]) {
+      if (er)
+        this.emit('error', er)
+      else
+        this.emit(DESTROYED)
+      return this
+    }
+
+    this[DESTROYED] = true
+
+    // throw away all buffered data, it's never coming out
+    this.buffer = new Yallist()
+    this[BUFFERLENGTH] = 0
+
+    if (typeof this.close === 'function' && !this[CLOSED])
+      this.close()
+
+    if (er)
+      this.emit('error', er)
+    else // if no error to emit, still reject pending promises
+      this.emit(DESTROYED)
+
+    return this
+  }
+
+  static isStream (s) {
+    return !!s && (s instanceof Minipass || s instanceof Stream ||
+      s instanceof EE && (
+        typeof s.pipe === 'function' || // readable
+        (typeof s.write === 'function' && typeof s.end === 'function') // writable
+      ))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minipass/package.json b/backend/node_modules/minipass/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8311ebafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minipass/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "_from": "minipass@^3.0.0",
+  "_id": "minipass@3.1.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Mgd2GdMVzY+x3IJ+oHnVM+KG3lA5c8tnabyJKmHSaG2kAGpudxuOf8ToDkhumF7UzME7DecbQE9uOZhNm7PuJg==",
+  "_location": "/minipass",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "minipass@^3.0.0",
+    "name": "minipass",
+    "escapedName": "minipass",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/fs-minipass",
+    "/minizlib",
+    "/tar"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minipass/-/minipass-3.1.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7d42ff1f39635482e15f9cdb53184deebd5815fd",
+  "_spec": "minipass@^3.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\tar",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/minipass/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "yallist": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "minimal implementation of a PassThrough stream",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "end-of-stream": "^1.4.0",
+    "tap": "^14.6.5",
+    "through2": "^2.0.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/minipass#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "passthrough",
+    "stream"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "minipass",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/isaacs/minipass.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish --tag=next",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true
+  },
+  "version": "3.1.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minizlib/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffce7383f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Minizlib was created by Isaac Z. Schlueter.
+It is a derivative work of the Node.js project.
+
+"""
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minizlib/README.md b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80e067ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# minizlib
+
+A fast zlib stream built on [minipass](http://npm.im/minipass) and
+Node.js's zlib binding.
+
+This module was created to serve the needs of
+[node-tar](http://npm.im/tar) and
+[minipass-fetch](http://npm.im/minipass-fetch).
+
+Brotli is supported in versions of node with a Brotli binding.
+
+## How does this differ from the streams in `require('zlib')`?
+
+First, there are no convenience methods to compress or decompress a
+buffer.  If you want those, use the built-in `zlib` module.  This is
+only streams.  That being said, Minipass streams to make it fairly easy to
+use as one-liners: `new zlib.Deflate().end(data).read()` will return the
+deflate compressed result.
+
+This module compresses and decompresses the data as fast as you feed
+it in.  It is synchronous, and runs on the main process thread.  Zlib
+and Brotli operations can be high CPU, but they're very fast, and doing it
+this way means much less bookkeeping and artificial deferral.
+
+Node's built in zlib streams are built on top of `stream.Transform`.
+They do the maximally safe thing with respect to consistent
+asynchrony, buffering, and backpressure.
+
+See [Minipass](http://npm.im/minipass) for more on the differences between
+Node.js core streams and Minipass streams, and the convenience methods
+provided by that class.
+
+## Classes
+
+- Deflate
+- Inflate
+- Gzip
+- Gunzip
+- DeflateRaw
+- InflateRaw
+- Unzip
+- BrotliCompress (Node v10 and higher)
+- BrotliDecompress (Node v10 and higher)
+
+## USAGE
+
+```js
+const zlib = require('minizlib')
+const input = sourceOfCompressedData()
+const decode = new zlib.BrotliDecompress()
+const output = whereToWriteTheDecodedData()
+input.pipe(decode).pipe(output)
+```
+
+## REPRODUCIBLE BUILDS
+
+To create reproducible gzip compressed files across different operating
+systems, set `portable: true` in the options.  This causes minizlib to set
+the `OS` indicator in byte 9 of the extended gzip header to `0xFF` for
+'unknown'.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minizlib/constants.js b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/constants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..641ebc731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/constants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Update with any zlib constants that are added or changed in the future.
+// Node v6 didn't export this, so we just hard code the version and rely
+// on all the other hard-coded values from zlib v4736.  When node v6
+// support drops, we can just export the realZlibConstants object.
+const realZlibConstants = require('zlib').constants ||
+  /* istanbul ignore next */ { ZLIB_VERNUM: 4736 }
+
+module.exports = Object.freeze(Object.assign(Object.create(null), {
+  Z_NO_FLUSH: 0,
+  Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH: 1,
+  Z_SYNC_FLUSH: 2,
+  Z_FULL_FLUSH: 3,
+  Z_FINISH: 4,
+  Z_BLOCK: 5,
+  Z_OK: 0,
+  Z_STREAM_END: 1,
+  Z_NEED_DICT: 2,
+  Z_ERRNO: -1,
+  Z_STREAM_ERROR: -2,
+  Z_DATA_ERROR: -3,
+  Z_MEM_ERROR: -4,
+  Z_BUF_ERROR: -5,
+  Z_VERSION_ERROR: -6,
+  Z_NO_COMPRESSION: 0,
+  Z_BEST_SPEED: 1,
+  Z_BEST_COMPRESSION: 9,
+  Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION: -1,
+  Z_FILTERED: 1,
+  Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY: 2,
+  Z_RLE: 3,
+  Z_FIXED: 4,
+  Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY: 0,
+  DEFLATE: 1,
+  INFLATE: 2,
+  GZIP: 3,
+  GUNZIP: 4,
+  DEFLATERAW: 5,
+  INFLATERAW: 6,
+  UNZIP: 7,
+  BROTLI_DECODE: 8,
+  BROTLI_ENCODE: 9,
+  Z_MIN_WINDOWBITS: 8,
+  Z_MAX_WINDOWBITS: 15,
+  Z_DEFAULT_WINDOWBITS: 15,
+  Z_MIN_CHUNK: 64,
+  Z_MAX_CHUNK: Infinity,
+  Z_DEFAULT_CHUNK: 16384,
+  Z_MIN_MEMLEVEL: 1,
+  Z_MAX_MEMLEVEL: 9,
+  Z_DEFAULT_MEMLEVEL: 8,
+  Z_MIN_LEVEL: -1,
+  Z_MAX_LEVEL: 9,
+  Z_DEFAULT_LEVEL: -1,
+  BROTLI_OPERATION_PROCESS: 0,
+  BROTLI_OPERATION_FLUSH: 1,
+  BROTLI_OPERATION_FINISH: 2,
+  BROTLI_OPERATION_EMIT_METADATA: 3,
+  BROTLI_MODE_GENERIC: 0,
+  BROTLI_MODE_TEXT: 1,
+  BROTLI_MODE_FONT: 2,
+  BROTLI_DEFAULT_MODE: 0,
+  BROTLI_MIN_QUALITY: 0,
+  BROTLI_MAX_QUALITY: 11,
+  BROTLI_DEFAULT_QUALITY: 11,
+  BROTLI_MIN_WINDOW_BITS: 10,
+  BROTLI_MAX_WINDOW_BITS: 24,
+  BROTLI_LARGE_MAX_WINDOW_BITS: 30,
+  BROTLI_DEFAULT_WINDOW: 22,
+  BROTLI_MIN_INPUT_BLOCK_BITS: 16,
+  BROTLI_MAX_INPUT_BLOCK_BITS: 24,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_MODE: 0,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_QUALITY: 1,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_LGWIN: 2,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_LGBLOCK: 3,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_DISABLE_LITERAL_CONTEXT_MODELING: 4,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_SIZE_HINT: 5,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_LARGE_WINDOW: 6,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_NPOSTFIX: 7,
+  BROTLI_PARAM_NDIRECT: 8,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_ERROR: 0,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_SUCCESS: 1,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT: 2,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT: 3,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_PARAM_DISABLE_RING_BUFFER_REALLOCATION: 0,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_PARAM_LARGE_WINDOW: 1,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_NO_ERROR: 0,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_SUCCESS: 1,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT: 2,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT: 3,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_EXUBERANT_NIBBLE: -1,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_RESERVED: -2,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_EXUBERANT_META_NIBBLE: -3,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_SIMPLE_HUFFMAN_ALPHABET: -4,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_SIMPLE_HUFFMAN_SAME: -5,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_CL_SPACE: -6,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_HUFFMAN_SPACE: -7,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_CONTEXT_MAP_REPEAT: -8,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_BLOCK_LENGTH_1: -9,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_BLOCK_LENGTH_2: -10,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_TRANSFORM: -11,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_DICTIONARY: -12,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_WINDOW_BITS: -13,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_PADDING_1: -14,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_PADDING_2: -15,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_FORMAT_DISTANCE: -16,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_DICTIONARY_NOT_SET: -19,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS: -20,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_CONTEXT_MODES: -21,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_TREE_GROUPS: -22,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_CONTEXT_MAP: -25,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_RING_BUFFER_1: -26,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_RING_BUFFER_2: -27,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_ALLOC_BLOCK_TYPE_TREES: -30,
+  BROTLI_DECODER_ERROR_UNREACHABLE: -31,
+}, realZlibConstants))
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minizlib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbaf69e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const assert = require('assert')
+const Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer
+const realZlib = require('zlib')
+
+const constants = exports.constants = require('./constants.js')
+const Minipass = require('minipass')
+
+const OriginalBufferConcat = Buffer.concat
+
+const _superWrite = Symbol('_superWrite')
+class ZlibError extends Error {
+  constructor (err) {
+    super('zlib: ' + err.message)
+    this.code = err.code
+    this.errno = err.errno
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
+    if (!this.code)
+      this.code = 'ZLIB_ERROR'
+
+    this.message = 'zlib: ' + err.message
+    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor)
+  }
+
+  get name () {
+    return 'ZlibError'
+  }
+}
+
+// the Zlib class they all inherit from
+// This thing manages the queue of requests, and returns
+// true or false if there is anything in the queue when
+// you call the .write() method.
+const _opts = Symbol('opts')
+const _flushFlag = Symbol('flushFlag')
+const _finishFlushFlag = Symbol('finishFlushFlag')
+const _fullFlushFlag = Symbol('fullFlushFlag')
+const _handle = Symbol('handle')
+const _onError = Symbol('onError')
+const _sawError = Symbol('sawError')
+const _level = Symbol('level')
+const _strategy = Symbol('strategy')
+const _ended = Symbol('ended')
+const _defaultFullFlush = Symbol('_defaultFullFlush')
+
+class ZlibBase extends Minipass {
+  constructor (opts, mode) {
+    if (!opts || typeof opts !== 'object')
+      throw new TypeError('invalid options for ZlibBase constructor')
+
+    super(opts)
+    this[_sawError] = false
+    this[_ended] = false
+    this[_opts] = opts
+
+    this[_flushFlag] = opts.flush
+    this[_finishFlushFlag] = opts.finishFlush
+    // this will throw if any options are invalid for the class selected
+    try {
+      this[_handle] = new realZlib[mode](opts)
+    } catch (er) {
+      // make sure that all errors get decorated properly
+      throw new ZlibError(er)
+    }
+
+    this[_onError] = (err) => {
+      // no sense raising multiple errors, since we abort on the first one.
+      if (this[_sawError])
+        return
+
+      this[_sawError] = true
+
+      // there is no way to cleanly recover.
+      // continuing only obscures problems.
+      this.close()
+      this.emit('error', err)
+    }
+
+    this[_handle].on('error', er => this[_onError](new ZlibError(er)))
+    this.once('end', () => this.close)
+  }
+
+  close () {
+    if (this[_handle]) {
+      this[_handle].close()
+      this[_handle] = null
+      this.emit('close')
+    }
+  }
+
+  reset () {
+    if (!this[_sawError]) {
+      assert(this[_handle], 'zlib binding closed')
+      return this[_handle].reset()
+    }
+  }
+
+  flush (flushFlag) {
+    if (this.ended)
+      return
+
+    if (typeof flushFlag !== 'number')
+      flushFlag = this[_fullFlushFlag]
+    this.write(Object.assign(Buffer.alloc(0), { [_flushFlag]: flushFlag }))
+  }
+
+  end (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+    if (chunk)
+      this.write(chunk, encoding)
+    this.flush(this[_finishFlushFlag])
+    this[_ended] = true
+    return super.end(null, null, cb)
+  }
+
+  get ended () {
+    return this[_ended]
+  }
+
+  write (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+    // process the chunk using the sync process
+    // then super.write() all the outputted chunks
+    if (typeof encoding === 'function')
+      cb = encoding, encoding = 'utf8'
+
+    if (typeof chunk === 'string')
+      chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding)
+
+    if (this[_sawError])
+      return
+    assert(this[_handle], 'zlib binding closed')
+
+    // _processChunk tries to .close() the native handle after it's done, so we
+    // intercept that by temporarily making it a no-op.
+    const nativeHandle = this[_handle]._handle
+    const originalNativeClose = nativeHandle.close
+    nativeHandle.close = () => {}
+    const originalClose = this[_handle].close
+    this[_handle].close = () => {}
+    // It also calls `Buffer.concat()` at the end, which may be convenient
+    // for some, but which we are not interested in as it slows us down.
+    Buffer.concat = (args) => args
+    let result
+    try {
+      const flushFlag = typeof chunk[_flushFlag] === 'number'
+        ? chunk[_flushFlag] : this[_flushFlag]
+      result = this[_handle]._processChunk(chunk, flushFlag)
+      // if we don't throw, reset it back how it was
+      Buffer.concat = OriginalBufferConcat
+    } catch (err) {
+      // or if we do, put Buffer.concat() back before we emit error
+      // Error events call into user code, which may call Buffer.concat()
+      Buffer.concat = OriginalBufferConcat
+      this[_onError](new ZlibError(err))
+    } finally {
+      if (this[_handle]) {
+        // Core zlib resets `_handle` to null after attempting to close the
+        // native handle. Our no-op handler prevented actual closure, but we
+        // need to restore the `._handle` property.
+        this[_handle]._handle = nativeHandle
+        nativeHandle.close = originalNativeClose
+        this[_handle].close = originalClose
+        // `_processChunk()` adds an 'error' listener. If we don't remove it
+        // after each call, these handlers start piling up.
+        this[_handle].removeAllListeners('error')
+        // make sure OUR error listener is still attached tho
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this[_handle])
+      this[_handle].on('error', er => this[_onError](new ZlibError(er)))
+
+    let writeReturn
+    if (result) {
+      if (Array.isArray(result) && result.length > 0) {
+        // The first buffer is always `handle._outBuffer`, which would be
+        // re-used for later invocations; so, we always have to copy that one.
+        writeReturn = this[_superWrite](Buffer.from(result[0]))
+        for (let i = 1; i < result.length; i++) {
+          writeReturn = this[_superWrite](result[i])
+        }
+      } else {
+        writeReturn = this[_superWrite](Buffer.from(result))
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (cb)
+      cb()
+    return writeReturn
+  }
+
+  [_superWrite] (data) {
+    return super.write(data)
+  }
+}
+
+class Zlib extends ZlibBase {
+  constructor (opts, mode) {
+    opts = opts || {}
+
+    opts.flush = opts.flush || constants.Z_NO_FLUSH
+    opts.finishFlush = opts.finishFlush || constants.Z_FINISH
+    super(opts, mode)
+
+    this[_fullFlushFlag] = constants.Z_FULL_FLUSH
+    this[_level] = opts.level
+    this[_strategy] = opts.strategy
+  }
+
+  params (level, strategy) {
+    if (this[_sawError])
+      return
+
+    if (!this[_handle])
+      throw new Error('cannot switch params when binding is closed')
+
+    // no way to test this without also not supporting params at all
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
+    if (!this[_handle].params)
+      throw new Error('not supported in this implementation')
+
+    if (this[_level] !== level || this[_strategy] !== strategy) {
+      this.flush(constants.Z_SYNC_FLUSH)
+      assert(this[_handle], 'zlib binding closed')
+      // .params() calls .flush(), but the latter is always async in the
+      // core zlib. We override .flush() temporarily to intercept that and
+      // flush synchronously.
+      const origFlush = this[_handle].flush
+      this[_handle].flush = (flushFlag, cb) => {
+        this.flush(flushFlag)
+        cb()
+      }
+      try {
+        this[_handle].params(level, strategy)
+      } finally {
+        this[_handle].flush = origFlush
+      }
+      /* istanbul ignore else */
+      if (this[_handle]) {
+        this[_level] = level
+        this[_strategy] = strategy
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// minimal 2-byte header
+class Deflate extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'Deflate')
+  }
+}
+
+class Inflate extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'Inflate')
+  }
+}
+
+// gzip - bigger header, same deflate compression
+const _portable = Symbol('_portable')
+class Gzip extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'Gzip')
+    this[_portable] = opts && !!opts.portable
+  }
+
+  [_superWrite] (data) {
+    if (!this[_portable])
+      return super[_superWrite](data)
+
+    // we'll always get the header emitted in one first chunk
+    // overwrite the OS indicator byte with 0xFF
+    this[_portable] = false
+    data[9] = 255
+    return super[_superWrite](data)
+  }
+}
+
+class Gunzip extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'Gunzip')
+  }
+}
+
+// raw - no header
+class DeflateRaw extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'DeflateRaw')
+  }
+}
+
+class InflateRaw extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'InflateRaw')
+  }
+}
+
+// auto-detect header.
+class Unzip extends Zlib {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'Unzip')
+  }
+}
+
+class Brotli extends ZlibBase {
+  constructor (opts, mode) {
+    opts = opts || {}
+
+    opts.flush = opts.flush || constants.BROTLI_OPERATION_PROCESS
+    opts.finishFlush = opts.finishFlush || constants.BROTLI_OPERATION_FINISH
+
+    super(opts, mode)
+
+    this[_fullFlushFlag] = constants.BROTLI_OPERATION_FLUSH
+  }
+}
+
+class BrotliCompress extends Brotli {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'BrotliCompress')
+  }
+}
+
+class BrotliDecompress extends Brotli {
+  constructor (opts) {
+    super(opts, 'BrotliDecompress')
+  }
+}
+
+exports.Deflate = Deflate
+exports.Inflate = Inflate
+exports.Gzip = Gzip
+exports.Gunzip = Gunzip
+exports.DeflateRaw = DeflateRaw
+exports.InflateRaw = InflateRaw
+exports.Unzip = Unzip
+/* istanbul ignore else */
+if (typeof realZlib.BrotliCompress === 'function') {
+  exports.BrotliCompress = BrotliCompress
+  exports.BrotliDecompress = BrotliDecompress
+} else {
+  exports.BrotliCompress = exports.BrotliDecompress = class {
+    constructor () {
+      throw new Error('Brotli is not supported in this version of Node.js')
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/minizlib/package.json b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a247367b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/minizlib/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "_from": "minizlib@^2.1.1",
+  "_id": "minizlib@2.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-bAxsR8BVfj60DWXHE3u30oHzfl4G7khkSuPW+qvpd7jFRHm7dLxOjUk1EHACJ/hxLY8phGJ0YhYHZo7jil7Qdg==",
+  "_location": "/minizlib",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "minizlib@^2.1.1",
+    "name": "minizlib",
+    "escapedName": "minizlib",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/tar"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minizlib/-/minizlib-2.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "e90d3466ba209b932451508a11ce3d3632145931",
+  "_spec": "minizlib@^2.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\tar",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/minizlib/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "minipass": "^3.0.0",
+    "yallist": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A small fast zlib stream built on [minipass](http://npm.im/minipass) and Node.js's zlib binding.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^14.6.9"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "constants.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/minizlib#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "zlib",
+    "gzip",
+    "gunzip",
+    "deflate",
+    "inflate",
+    "compression",
+    "zip",
+    "unzip"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "minizlib",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/isaacs/minizlib.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --all; git push origin --tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap test/*.js --100 -J"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81458380b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Changers Lorgs!
+
+## 1.0
+
+Full rewrite.  Essentially a brand new module.
+
+- Return a promise instead of taking a callback.
+- Use native `fs.mkdir(path, { recursive: true })` when available.
+- Drop support for outdated Node.js versions.  (Technically still works on
+  Node.js v8, but only 10 and above are officially supported.)
+
+## 0.x
+
+Original and most widely used recursive directory creation implementation
+in JavaScript, dating back to 2010.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13fcd15f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Copyright James Halliday (mail@substack.net) and Isaac Z. Schlueter (i@izs.me)
+
+This project is free software released under the MIT license:
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/cmd.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/cmd.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e0aa8dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/cmd.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+const usage = () => `
+usage: mkdirp [DIR1,DIR2..] {OPTIONS}
+
+  Create each supplied directory including any necessary parent directories
+  that don't yet exist.
+
+  If the directory already exists, do nothing.
+
+OPTIONS are:
+
+  -m<mode>       If a directory needs to be created, set the mode as an octal
+  --mode=<mode>  permission string.
+
+  -v --version   Print the mkdirp version number
+
+  -h --help      Print this helpful banner
+
+  -p --print     Print the first directories created for each path provided
+
+  --manual       Use manual implementation, even if native is available
+`
+
+const dirs = []
+const opts = {}
+let print = false
+let dashdash = false
+let manual = false
+for (const arg of process.argv.slice(2)) {
+  if (dashdash)
+    dirs.push(arg)
+  else if (arg === '--')
+    dashdash = true
+  else if (arg === '--manual')
+    manual = true
+  else if (/^-h/.test(arg) || /^--help/.test(arg)) {
+    console.log(usage())
+    process.exit(0)
+  } else if (arg === '-v' || arg === '--version') {
+    console.log(require('../package.json').version)
+    process.exit(0)
+  } else if (arg === '-p' || arg === '--print') {
+    print = true
+  } else if (/^-m/.test(arg) || /^--mode=/.test(arg)) {
+    const mode = parseInt(arg.replace(/^(-m|--mode=)/, ''), 8)
+    if (isNaN(mode)) {
+      console.error(`invalid mode argument: ${arg}\nMust be an octal number.`)
+      process.exit(1)
+    }
+    opts.mode = mode
+  } else
+    dirs.push(arg)
+}
+
+const mkdirp = require('../')
+const impl = manual ? mkdirp.manual : mkdirp
+if (dirs.length === 0)
+  console.error(usage())
+
+Promise.all(dirs.map(dir => impl(dir, opts)))
+  .then(made => print ? made.forEach(m => m && console.log(m)) : null)
+  .catch(er => {
+    console.error(er.message)
+    if (er.code)
+      console.error('  code: ' + er.code)
+    process.exit(1)
+  })
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad7a16c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+const optsArg = require('./lib/opts-arg.js')
+const pathArg = require('./lib/path-arg.js')
+
+const {mkdirpNative, mkdirpNativeSync} = require('./lib/mkdirp-native.js')
+const {mkdirpManual, mkdirpManualSync} = require('./lib/mkdirp-manual.js')
+const {useNative, useNativeSync} = require('./lib/use-native.js')
+
+
+const mkdirp = (path, opts) => {
+  path = pathArg(path)
+  opts = optsArg(opts)
+  return useNative(opts)
+    ? mkdirpNative(path, opts)
+    : mkdirpManual(path, opts)
+}
+
+const mkdirpSync = (path, opts) => {
+  path = pathArg(path)
+  opts = optsArg(opts)
+  return useNativeSync(opts)
+    ? mkdirpNativeSync(path, opts)
+    : mkdirpManualSync(path, opts)
+}
+
+mkdirp.sync = mkdirpSync
+mkdirp.native = (path, opts) => mkdirpNative(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+mkdirp.manual = (path, opts) => mkdirpManual(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+mkdirp.nativeSync = (path, opts) => mkdirpNativeSync(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+mkdirp.manualSync = (path, opts) => mkdirpManualSync(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+
+module.exports = mkdirp
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/find-made.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/find-made.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..022e492c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/find-made.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+const {dirname} = require('path')
+
+const findMade = (opts, parent, path = undefined) => {
+  // we never want the 'made' return value to be a root directory
+  if (path === parent)
+    return Promise.resolve()
+
+  return opts.statAsync(parent).then(
+    st => st.isDirectory() ? path : undefined, // will fail later
+    er => er.code === 'ENOENT'
+      ? findMade(opts, dirname(parent), parent)
+      : undefined
+  )
+}
+
+const findMadeSync = (opts, parent, path = undefined) => {
+  if (path === parent)
+    return undefined
+
+  try {
+    return opts.statSync(parent).isDirectory() ? path : undefined
+  } catch (er) {
+    return er.code === 'ENOENT'
+      ? findMadeSync(opts, dirname(parent), parent)
+      : undefined
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {findMade, findMadeSync}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/mkdirp-manual.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/mkdirp-manual.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2eb18cd64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/mkdirp-manual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+const {dirname} = require('path')
+
+const mkdirpManual = (path, opts, made) => {
+  opts.recursive = false
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  if (parent === path) {
+    return opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts).catch(er => {
+      // swallowed by recursive implementation on posix systems
+      // any other error is a failure
+      if (er.code !== 'EISDIR')
+        throw er
+    })
+  }
+
+  return opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts).then(() => made || path, er => {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return mkdirpManual(parent, opts)
+        .then(made => mkdirpManual(path, opts, made))
+    if (er.code !== 'EEXIST' && er.code !== 'EROFS')
+      throw er
+    return opts.statAsync(path).then(st => {
+      if (st.isDirectory())
+        return made
+      else
+        throw er
+    }, () => { throw er })
+  })
+}
+
+const mkdirpManualSync = (path, opts, made) => {
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  opts.recursive = false
+
+  if (parent === path) {
+    try {
+      return opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+    } catch (er) {
+      // swallowed by recursive implementation on posix systems
+      // any other error is a failure
+      if (er.code !== 'EISDIR')
+        throw er
+      else
+        return
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+    return made || path
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return mkdirpManualSync(path, opts, mkdirpManualSync(parent, opts, made))
+    if (er.code !== 'EEXIST' && er.code !== 'EROFS')
+      throw er
+    try {
+      if (!opts.statSync(path).isDirectory())
+        throw er
+    } catch (_) {
+      throw er
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {mkdirpManual, mkdirpManualSync}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/mkdirp-native.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/mkdirp-native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7a6b6980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/mkdirp-native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+const {dirname} = require('path')
+const {findMade, findMadeSync} = require('./find-made.js')
+const {mkdirpManual, mkdirpManualSync} = require('./mkdirp-manual.js')
+
+const mkdirpNative = (path, opts) => {
+  opts.recursive = true
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  if (parent === path)
+    return opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts)
+
+  return findMade(opts, path).then(made =>
+    opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts).then(() => made)
+    .catch(er => {
+      if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+        return mkdirpManual(path, opts)
+      else
+        throw er
+    }))
+}
+
+const mkdirpNativeSync = (path, opts) => {
+  opts.recursive = true
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  if (parent === path)
+    return opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+
+  const made = findMadeSync(opts, path)
+  try {
+    opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+    return made
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return mkdirpManualSync(path, opts)
+    else
+      throw er
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {mkdirpNative, mkdirpNativeSync}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/opts-arg.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/opts-arg.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fa4833fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/opts-arg.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const { promisify } = require('util')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const optsArg = opts => {
+  if (!opts)
+    opts = { mode: 0o777, fs }
+  else if (typeof opts === 'object')
+    opts = { mode: 0o777, fs, ...opts }
+  else if (typeof opts === 'number')
+    opts = { mode: opts, fs }
+  else if (typeof opts === 'string')
+    opts = { mode: parseInt(opts, 8), fs }
+  else
+    throw new TypeError('invalid options argument')
+
+  opts.mkdir = opts.mkdir || opts.fs.mkdir || fs.mkdir
+  opts.mkdirAsync = promisify(opts.mkdir)
+  opts.stat = opts.stat || opts.fs.stat || fs.stat
+  opts.statAsync = promisify(opts.stat)
+  opts.statSync = opts.statSync || opts.fs.statSync || fs.statSync
+  opts.mkdirSync = opts.mkdirSync || opts.fs.mkdirSync || fs.mkdirSync
+  return opts
+}
+module.exports = optsArg
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/path-arg.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/path-arg.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc07de5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/path-arg.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+const platform = process.env.__TESTING_MKDIRP_PLATFORM__ || process.platform
+const { resolve, parse } = require('path')
+const pathArg = path => {
+  if (/\0/.test(path)) {
+    // simulate same failure that node raises
+    throw Object.assign(
+      new TypeError('path must be a string without null bytes'),
+      {
+        path,
+        code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE',
+      }
+    )
+  }
+
+  path = resolve(path)
+  if (platform === 'win32') {
+    const badWinChars = /[*|"<>?:]/
+    const {root} = parse(path)
+    if (badWinChars.test(path.substr(root.length))) {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error('Illegal characters in path.'), {
+        path,
+        code: 'EINVAL',
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return path
+}
+module.exports = pathArg
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/use-native.js b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/use-native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..079361de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/lib/use-native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+const fs = require('fs')
+
+const version = process.env.__TESTING_MKDIRP_NODE_VERSION__ || process.version
+const versArr = version.replace(/^v/, '').split('.')
+const hasNative = +versArr[0] > 10 || +versArr[0] === 10 && +versArr[1] >= 12
+
+const useNative = !hasNative ? () => false : opts => opts.mkdir === fs.mkdir
+const useNativeSync = !hasNative ? () => false : opts => opts.mkdirSync === fs.mkdirSync
+
+module.exports = {useNative, useNativeSync}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1c115bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mkdirp@^1.0.3",
+  "_id": "mkdirp@1.0.4",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-vVqVZQyf3WLx2Shd0qJ9xuvqgAyKPLAiqITEtqW0oIUjzo3PePDd6fW9iFz30ef7Ysp/oiWqbhszeGWW2T6Gzw==",
+  "_location": "/mkdirp",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mkdirp@^1.0.3",
+    "name": "mkdirp",
+    "escapedName": "mkdirp",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/tar"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/-/mkdirp-1.0.4.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3eb5ed62622756d79a5f0e2a221dfebad75c2f7e",
+  "_spec": "mkdirp@^1.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\tar",
+  "bin": {
+    "mkdirp": "bin/cmd.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-mkdirp/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Recursively mkdir, like `mkdir -p`",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "require-inject": "^1.4.4",
+    "tap": "^14.10.7"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "bin",
+    "lib",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-mkdirp#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mkdir",
+    "directory",
+    "make dir",
+    "make",
+    "dir",
+    "recursive",
+    "native"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "mkdirp",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/isaacs/node-mkdirp.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "snap": "tap",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true,
+    "coverage-map": "map.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.4"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/readme.markdown b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/readme.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..827de5905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mkdirp/readme.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+# mkdirp
+
+Like `mkdir -p`, but in Node.js!
+
+Now with a modern API and no\* bugs!
+
+<small>\* may contain some bugs</small>
+
+# example
+
+## pow.js
+
+```js
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp')
+
+// return value is a Promise resolving to the first directory created
+mkdirp('/tmp/foo/bar/baz').then(made =>
+  console.log(`made directories, starting with ${made}`))
+```
+
+Output (where `/tmp/foo` already exists)
+
+```
+made directories, starting with /tmp/foo/bar
+```
+
+Or, if you don't have time to wait around for promises:
+
+```js
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp')
+
+// return value is the first directory created
+const made = mkdirp.sync('/tmp/foo/bar/baz')
+console.log(`made directories, starting with ${made}`)
+```
+
+And now /tmp/foo/bar/baz exists, huzzah!
+
+# methods
+
+```js
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp')
+```
+
+## mkdirp(dir, [opts]) -> Promise<String | undefined>
+
+Create a new directory and any necessary subdirectories at `dir` with octal
+permission string `opts.mode`. If `opts` is a string or number, it will be
+treated as the `opts.mode`.
+
+If `opts.mode` isn't specified, it defaults to `0o777 &
+(~process.umask())`.
+
+Promise resolves to first directory `made` that had to be created, or
+`undefined` if everything already exists.  Promise rejects if any errors
+are encountered.  Note that, in the case of promise rejection, some
+directories _may_ have been created, as recursive directory creation is not
+an atomic operation.
+
+You can optionally pass in an alternate `fs` implementation by passing in
+`opts.fs`. Your implementation should have `opts.fs.mkdir(path, opts, cb)`
+and `opts.fs.stat(path, cb)`.
+
+You can also override just one or the other of `mkdir` and `stat` by
+passing in `opts.stat` or `opts.mkdir`, or providing an `fs` option that
+only overrides one of these.
+
+## mkdirp.sync(dir, opts) -> String|null
+
+Synchronously create a new directory and any necessary subdirectories at
+`dir` with octal permission string `opts.mode`. If `opts` is a string or
+number, it will be treated as the `opts.mode`.
+
+If `opts.mode` isn't specified, it defaults to `0o777 &
+(~process.umask())`.
+
+Returns the first directory that had to be created, or undefined if
+everything already exists.
+
+You can optionally pass in an alternate `fs` implementation by passing in
+`opts.fs`. Your implementation should have `opts.fs.mkdirSync(path, mode)`
+and `opts.fs.statSync(path)`.
+
+You can also override just one or the other of `mkdirSync` and `statSync`
+by passing in `opts.statSync` or `opts.mkdirSync`, or providing an `fs`
+option that only overrides one of these.
+
+## mkdirp.manual, mkdirp.manualSync
+
+Use the manual implementation (not the native one).  This is the default
+when the native implementation is not available or the stat/mkdir
+implementation is overridden.
+
+## mkdirp.native, mkdirp.nativeSync
+
+Use the native implementation (not the manual one).  This is the default
+when the native implementation is available and stat/mkdir are not
+overridden.
+
+# implementation
+
+On Node.js v10.12.0 and above, use the native `fs.mkdir(p,
+{recursive:true})` option, unless `fs.mkdir`/`fs.mkdirSync` has been
+overridden by an option.
+
+## native implementation
+
+- If the path is a root directory, then pass it to the underlying
+  implementation and return the result/error.  (In this case, it'll either
+  succeed or fail, but we aren't actually creating any dirs.)
+- Walk up the path statting each directory, to find the first path that
+  will be created, `made`.
+- Call `fs.mkdir(path, { recursive: true })` (or `fs.mkdirSync`)
+- If error, raise it to the caller.
+- Return `made`.
+
+## manual implementation
+
+- Call underlying `fs.mkdir` implementation, with `recursive: false`
+- If error:
+  - If path is a root directory, raise to the caller and do not handle it
+  - If ENOENT, mkdirp parent dir, store result as `made`
+  - stat(path)
+    - If error, raise original `mkdir` error
+    - If directory, return `made`
+    - Else, raise original `mkdir` error
+- else
+  - return `undefined` if a root dir, or `made` if set, or `path`
+
+## windows vs unix caveat
+
+On Windows file systems, attempts to create a root directory (ie, a drive
+letter or root UNC path) will fail.  If the root directory exists, then it
+will fail with `EPERM`.  If the root directory does not exist, then it will
+fail with `ENOENT`.
+
+On posix file systems, attempts to create a root directory (in recursive
+mode) will succeed silently, as it is treated like just another directory
+that already exists.  (In non-recursive mode, of course, it fails with
+`EEXIST`.)
+
+In order to preserve this system-specific behavior (and because it's not as
+if we can create the parent of a root directory anyway), attempts to create
+a root directory are passed directly to the `fs` implementation, and any
+errors encountered are not handled.
+
+## native error caveat
+
+The native implementation (as of at least Node.js v13.4.0) does not provide
+appropriate errors in some cases (see
+[nodejs/node#31481](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/31481) and
+[nodejs/node#28015](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/28015)).
+
+In order to work around this issue, the native implementation will fall
+back to the manual implementation if an `ENOENT` error is encountered.
+
+# choosing a recursive mkdir implementation
+
+There are a few to choose from!  Use the one that suits your needs best :D
+
+## use `fs.mkdir(path, {recursive: true}, cb)` if:
+
+- You wish to optimize performance even at the expense of other factors.
+- You don't need to know the first dir created.
+- You are ok with getting `ENOENT` as the error when some other problem is
+  the actual cause.
+- You can limit your platforms to Node.js v10.12 and above.
+- You're ok with using callbacks instead of promises.
+- You don't need/want a CLI.
+- You don't need to override the `fs` methods in use.
+
+## use this module (mkdirp 1.x) if:
+
+- You need to know the first directory that was created.
+- You wish to use the native implementation if available, but fall back
+  when it's not.
+- You prefer promise-returning APIs to callback-taking APIs.
+- You want more useful error messages than the native recursive mkdir
+  provides (at least as of Node.js v13.4), and are ok with re-trying on
+  `ENOENT` to achieve this.
+- You need (or at least, are ok with) a CLI.
+- You need to override the `fs` methods in use.
+
+## use [`make-dir`](http://npm.im/make-dir) if:
+
+- You do not need to know the first dir created (and wish to save a few
+  `stat` calls when using the native implementation for this reason).
+- You wish to use the native implementation if available, but fall back
+  when it's not.
+- You prefer promise-returning APIs to callback-taking APIs.
+- You are ok with occasionally getting `ENOENT` errors for failures that
+  are actually related to something other than a missing file system entry.
+- You don't need/want a CLI.
+- You need to override the `fs` methods in use.
+
+## use mkdirp 0.x if:
+
+- You need to know the first directory that was created.
+- You need (or at least, are ok with) a CLI.
+- You need to override the `fs` methods in use.
+- You're ok with using callbacks instead of promises.
+- You are not running on Windows, where the root-level ENOENT errors can
+  lead to infinite regress.
+- You think vinyl just sounds warmer and richer for some weird reason.
+- You are supporting truly ancient Node.js versions, before even the advent
+  of a `Promise` language primitive.  (Please don't.  You deserve better.)
+
+# cli
+
+This package also ships with a `mkdirp` command.
+
+```
+$ mkdirp -h
+
+usage: mkdirp [DIR1,DIR2..] {OPTIONS}
+
+  Create each supplied directory including any necessary parent directories
+  that don't yet exist.
+
+  If the directory already exists, do nothing.
+
+OPTIONS are:
+
+  -m<mode>       If a directory needs to be created, set the mode as an octal
+  --mode=<mode>  permission string.
+
+  -v --version   Print the mkdirp version number
+
+  -h --help      Print this helpful banner
+
+  -p --print     Print the first directories created for each path provided
+
+  --manual       Use manual implementation, even if native is available
+```
+
+# install
+
+With [npm](http://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```
+npm install mkdirp
+```
+
+to get the library locally, or
+
+```
+npm install -g mkdirp
+```
+
+to get the command everywhere, or
+
+```
+npx mkdirp ...
+```
+
+to run the command without installing it globally.
+
+# platform support
+
+This module works on node v8, but only v10 and above are officially
+supported, as Node v8 reached its LTS end of life 2020-01-01, which is in
+the past, as of this writing.
+
+# license
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad939336b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2881 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
+
+### [3.6.8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.7...v3.6.8) (2021-05-21)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **cmap:** undo flipping of `beforeHandshake` flag for timeout errors ([#2813](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2813)) ([6e3bab3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6e3bab32204ea905ab9b949edccb68556b50d382))
+
+### [3.6.7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.6...v3.6.7) (2021-05-18)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **docs:** removing incorrect apm docs ([#2793](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2793)) ([971259a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/971259a868a8018e90ebc2f28d151eb7af3dd50a))
+* **NODE-3173:** Preserve sort key order for numeric string keys ([#2790](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2790)) ([730f43a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/730f43af6d9e53603af998353b720d8161426d8c))
+* **NODE-3176:** handle errors from MessageStream ([#2774](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2774)) ([f1afcc4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f1afcc4efbc41ce436812a6bfa22843e939ab5cf))
+* **NODE-3192:** check clusterTime is defined before access ([#2806](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2806)) ([6ceace6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6ceace6b245c42b8498fb1b13e7c37a97a46946d))
+* **NODE-3252:** state transistion from DISCONNECTED ([#2807](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2807)) ([5d8f649](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5d8f6493a0ba4b525434c0868e2ae12315b4c249))
+* **sdam:** topology no longer causes close event ([#2791](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2791)) ([16e7064](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/16e70642f25954a03b91a2c2991cea96b8356de7))
+* invalid case on writeconcern makes skip check fail ([#2773](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2773)) ([b1363c2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b1363c26db5da5003f9db43be7e8d6e9007d45bd))
+
+### [3.6.6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.5...v3.6.6) (2021-04-06)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* always close gridfs upload stream on finish ([#2758](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2758)) ([c976a01](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c976a01bf385941bee07fa7f021adf1d425109a8))
+* **csfle:** ensure that monitoring connections are not encrypted ([#2749](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2749)) ([86bddf1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/86bddf1ef516d6b8c752082e33c15624753579ab))
+* ensure cursor readPreference is applied to find operations ([#2751](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2751)) ([91ba19e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/91ba19efdc4713903584c6161cfdd7b91b0e61f9))
+* ensure monitor has rtt pinger in when calculating rtt ([#2757](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2757)) ([b94519b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b94519ba894b4442d3dabbac59bd12784d8b7178))
+* no infinite loop on windows requiring optional deps ([f2a4ff8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f2a4ff870178fbbe8de616c45891368665f29f4b))
+* **NODE-2995:** Add shared metadata MongoClient ([#2760](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2760)) ([9256242](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9256242d51c037059c0af5ada9639fc0a74ad033))
+* **NODE-3109:** prevent servername from being IP ([#2763](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2763)) ([312ffef](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/312ffef18c66a0020f19bdc1d654987d9148d709))
+
+### [3.6.5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.4...v3.6.5) (2021-03-16)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* MongoError circular dependency warning ([#2734](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2734)) ([d67ffa7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d67ffa7a2e3f86734c7e9b6944aab1d765b9e75e))
+* move session support check to operation layer ([#2739](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2739)) ([8b370a7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8b370a7ad784f5759c964cdfaec62e06c896dc95))
+* session support detection spec compliance ([#2732](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2732)) ([9baec71](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9baec7128f612f2d9c290c85d24e33602f911499))
+* use emitWarning API for internal messages ([#2743](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2743)) ([8bd9777](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8bd9777b0aedd56b81675c3e79fae63432319982))
+
+### [3.6.4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.3...v3.6.4) (2021-02-02)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add explain support ([#2626](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2626)) ([a827807](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a8278070992d2de4134dc0841b4027a6cc745a93))
+* Deprecate top-level write concern option keys  ([#2624](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2624)) ([0516d93](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0516d93f74de4b58a99e8455e59678d4b09cd4a7))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Allow GridFS write stream to destroy ([#2702](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2702)) ([b5e9d67](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b5e9d67d5cd9b1912a349789cf2a122e00a46d1b))
+* awaitable isMaster timeout must respect connectTimeoutMS ([#2627](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2627)) ([b365c50](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b365c5061ded832e1682167edac58e8a04b05fc4))
+* don't add empty query string items to connection string ([8897259](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/889725980ec1e3b4be4a74170bea0a3e3d23cf13))
+* don't reset monitor if we aren't streaming topology changes ([a10171b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a10171b57d2414f6df2aa8ffe9c2d3938ad838d1))
+* dont parse tls/ssl file paths in uri ([#2718](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2718)) ([f89e4c1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f89e4c1bd59c64664e8c9aa218bcb856be325d34))
+* hasAtomicOperator check respects toBSON transformation ([#2696](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2696)) ([60936dc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/60936dca74167de239d1bb51a23cc9870860bdc4))
+* honor ignoreUndefined on findAndModify commands ([#2671](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2671)) ([a25b67c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a25b67c6ac13b6347cb78c4fc56613f3daf44300))
+* ignore ENOTFOUND during TXT record lookup ([2036fe7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2036fe7b298b9678e29ede87c1035c748ff89fcd))
+* respect readPreference and writeConcern from connection string ([#2711](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2711)) ([b657c8c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b657c8c4f3f86018cc4824f84cb22e1527d9f9af))
+* restore auto direct connection behavior ([#2719](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2719)) ([617d9de](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/617d9dec5180c5f7b67bd8c944c168d4cbd27e1c))
+* support empty TXT records in legacy url parser ([2fa5c5f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2fa5c5f2a113920baa8e67a1c0d65432690d37fc))
+* transition topology state before async calls ([#2637](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2637)) ([9df093c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9df093c1d46e1f8616c7a979324923205ac3dcd2))
+* **cursor:** don't use other operation's session for cloned cursor operation ([#2705](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2705)) ([8082c89](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8082c89f8ef3624d22f4bdd6066b6f72c44f763d))
+* **find:** correctly translate timeout option into noCursorTimeout ([#2700](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2700)) ([e257e6b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e257e6b19d810920bafc579e725e09bd0607b74b))
+
+<a name="3.6.3"></a>
+## [3.6.3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.1...v3.6.3) (2020-11-06)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* add peerDependenciesMeta to mark optional deps ([#2606](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2606)) ([186090e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/186090e))
+* adds topology discovery for sharded cluster ([f8fd310](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f8fd310))
+* allow event loop to process during wait queue processing ([#2537](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2537)) ([4e03dfa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4e03dfa))
+* Change socket timeout default to 0 ([#2572](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2572)) ([89b77ed](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/89b77ed))
+* connection leak if wait queue member cancelled ([cafaa1b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cafaa1b))
+* correctly assign username to X509 auth command ([#2587](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2587)) ([9110a45](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9110a45))
+* correctly re-establishes pipe destinations ([a6e7caf](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a6e7caf))
+* Fix test filters and revert mocha version ([#2558](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2558)) ([0e5c45a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0e5c45a))
+* move kerberos client setup from prepare to auth ([#2608](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2608)) ([033b6e7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/033b6e7))
+* permit waking async interval with unreliable clock ([e0e11bb](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e0e11bb))
+* remove geoNear deprecation ([4955a52](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4955a52))
+* revert use of setImmediate to process.nextTick ([#2611](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2611)) ([c9f9d5e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c9f9d5e))
+* sets primary read preference for writes ([ddcd03d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ddcd03d))
+* use options for readPreference in client ([6acced0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6acced0))
+* user roles take single string & DDL readPreference tests ([967de13](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/967de13))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.6.2"></a>
+## [3.6.2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.1...v3.6.2) (2020-09-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* allow event loop to process during wait queue processing ([#2537](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2537)) ([4e03dfa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4e03dfa))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.6.1"></a>
+## [3.6.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.6.0...v3.6.1) (2020-09-02)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* add host/port to cmap connection ([06a2444](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/06a2444))
+* update full list of index options ([0af3191](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0af3191))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **db:** deprecate createCollection strict mode ([4cc6bcc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4cc6bcc))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.6.0-beta.0"></a>
+# [3.6.0-beta.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.5...v3.6.0-beta.0) (2020-04-14)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* always return empty array for selection on unknown topology ([af57b57](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/af57b57))
+* always return empty array for selection on unknown topology ([f9e786a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f9e786a))
+* correctly use template string for connection string error message ([814e278](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/814e278))
+* createCollection only uses listCollections in strict mode ([d368f12](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d368f12))
+* don't depend on private node api for `Timeout` wrapper ([e6dc1f4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e6dc1f4))
+* don't throw if `withTransaction()` callback rejects with a null reason ([153646c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/153646c))
+* **cursor:** transforms should only be applied once to documents ([704f30a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/704f30a))
+* only consider MongoError subclasses for retryability ([265fe40](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/265fe40))
+* **ChangeStream:** whitelist change stream resumable errors ([8a9c108](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8a9c108)), closes [#17](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/17) [#18](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/18)
+* **sdam:** use ObjectId comparison to track maxElectionId ([db991d6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/db991d6))
+* only mark server session dirty if the client session is alive ([611be8d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/611be8d))
+* pass options into `commandSupportsReadConcern` ([e855c83](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e855c83))
+* polyfill for util.promisify ([1c4cf6c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1c4cf6c))
+* single `readPreferenceTags` should be parsed as an array ([a50611b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a50611b))
+* store name of collection for more informative error messages ([979d41e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/979d41e))
+* support write concern provided as string in `fromOptions` ([637f428](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/637f428))
+* use properly camel cased form of `mapReduce` for command ([c1ed2c1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c1ed2c1))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add MONGODB-AWS as a supported auth mechanism ([7f3cfba](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7f3cfba))
+* bump wire protocol version for 4.4 ([6d3f313](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6d3f313))
+* deprecate `oplogReplay` for find commands ([24155e7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/24155e7))
+* directConnection adds unify behavior for replica set discovery ([c5d60fc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c5d60fc))
+* expand use of error labels for retryable writes ([c775a4a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c775a4a))
+* support `allowDiskUse` for find commands ([dbc0b37](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/dbc0b37))
+* support creating collections and indexes in transactions ([17e4c88](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/17e4c88))
+* support passing a hint to findOneAndReplace/findOneAndUpdate ([faee15b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/faee15b))
+* support shorter SCRAM conversations ([6b9ff05](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6b9ff05))
+* use error labels for retryable writes in legacy topologies ([fefc165](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fefc165))
+
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.7"></a>
+## [3.5.7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.6...v3.5.7) (2020-04-29)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* limit growth of server sessions through lazy acquisition ([3d05a6d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3d05a6d))
+* remove circular dependency warnings on node 14 ([56a1b8a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/56a1b8a))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.6"></a>
+## [3.5.6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.5...v3.5.6) (2020-04-14)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* always return empty array for selection on unknown topology ([f9e786a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f9e786a))
+* createCollection only uses listCollections in strict mode ([d368f12](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d368f12))
+* don't throw if `withTransaction()` callback rejects with a null reason ([153646c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/153646c))
+* only mark server session dirty if the client session is alive ([611be8d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/611be8d))
+* polyfill for util.promisify ([1c4cf6c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1c4cf6c))
+* single `readPreferenceTags` should be parsed as an array ([a50611b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a50611b))
+* **cursor:** transforms should only be applied once to documents ([704f30a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/704f30a))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.5"></a>
+## [3.5.5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.4...v3.5.5) (2020-03-11)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* correctly use template string for connection string error message ([6238c84](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6238c84))
+* don't depend on private node api for `Timeout` wrapper ([3ddaa3e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3ddaa3e))
+* multiple concurrent attempts to process the queue may fail ([f69f51c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f69f51c))
+* pass optional promise lib to maybePromise ([cde11ec](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cde11ec))
+* **cursor:** hasNext consumes documents on cursor with limit ([ef04d00](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ef04d00))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.4"></a>
+## [3.5.4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.3...v3.5.4) (2020-02-25)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **cmap:** don't run min connection thread if no minimum specified ([2d1b713](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2d1b713))
+* **sdam:** use ObjectId comparison to track maxElectionId ([a1e0849](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a1e0849))
+* **topology:** ensure selection wait queue is always processed ([bf701d6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/bf701d6))
+* **topology:** enter `STATE_CLOSING` before draining waitQueue ([494dffb](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/494dffb))
+* don't consume first document when calling `hasNext` on cursor ([bb359a1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/bb359a1))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add utility helper for returning promises or using callbacks ([ac9e4c9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ac9e4c9))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.3"></a>
+## [3.5.3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.2...v3.5.3) (2020-02-12)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **message-stream:** support multiple inbound message packets ([8388443](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8388443))
+* **server:** non-timeout network errors transition to Unknown state ([fa4b01b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fa4b01b))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **connection:** support exhaust behavior at the transport level ([9ccf268](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9ccf268))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.2"></a>
+## [3.5.2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.1...v3.5.2) (2020-01-20)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* properly handle err messages in MongoDB 2.6 servers ([0f4ab38](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0f4ab38))
+* **topology:** always emit SDAM unrecoverable errors ([57f158f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/57f158f))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.1"></a>
+## [3.5.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.5.0...v3.5.1) (2020-01-17)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **cmap:** accept all node TLS options as pool options ([5995d1d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5995d1d))
+* **cmap:** error wait queue members on failed connection creation ([d13b153](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d13b153))
+* **connect:** listen to `secureConnect` for tls connections ([f8bdb8d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f8bdb8d))
+* **transactions:** use options helper to resolve read preference ([9698a76](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9698a76))
+* **uri_parser:** TLS uri variants imply `ssl=true` ([c8d182e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c8d182e))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.5.0"></a>
+# [3.5.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.4.1...v3.5.0) (2020-01-14)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* copy `ssl` option to pool connection options ([563ced6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/563ced6))
+* destroy connections marked as closed on checkIn / checkOut ([2bd17a6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2bd17a6))
+* ensure sync errors are thrown, and don't callback twice ([cca5b49](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cca5b49))
+* ignore connection errors during pool destruction ([b8805dc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b8805dc))
+* not all message payloads are arrays of Buffer ([e4df5f4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e4df5f4))
+* recover on network error during initial connect ([a13dc68](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a13dc68))
+* remove servers with me mismatch in `updateRsFromPrimary` ([95a772e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/95a772e))
+* report the correct platform in client metadata ([35d0274](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/35d0274))
+* reschedule monitoring before emitting heartbeat events ([7fcbeb5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7fcbeb5))
+* socket timeout for handshake should be `connectTimeoutMS` ([c83af9a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c83af9a))
+* timed out streams should be destroyed on `timeout` event ([5319ff9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5319ff9))
+* use remote address for stream identifier ([f13c20b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f13c20b))
+* used weighted RTT calculation for server selection ([d446be5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d446be5))
+* **execute-operation:** don't swallow synchronous errors ([0a2d4e9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0a2d4e9))
+* **gridfs:** make a copy of chunk before writing to server ([b4ec5b8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b4ec5b8))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add a `withConnection` helper to the connection pool ([d59dced](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d59dced))
+* include `connectionId` for APM with new CMAP connection pool ([9bd360c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9bd360c))
+* integrate CMAP connection pool into unified topology ([9dd3939](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9dd3939))
+* introduce `MongoServerSelectionError` ([0cf7ec9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0cf7ec9))
+* introduce a class for tracking stream specific attributes ([f6bf82c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f6bf82c))
+* introduce a new `Monitor` type for server monitoring ([2bfe2a1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2bfe2a1))
+* relay all CMAP events to MongoClient ([1aea4de](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1aea4de))
+* support socket timeouts on a per-connection level ([93e8ad0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/93e8ad0))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.4.1"></a>
+## [3.4.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.4.0...v3.4.1) (2019-12-19)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **bulk:** use original indexes as map for current op index ([20800ac](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/20800ac))
+* always check for network errors during SCRAM conversation ([e46a70e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e46a70e))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.4.0"></a>
+# [3.4.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.5...v3.4.0) (2019-12-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **bulk:** use operation index from input to report operation error ([f713b13](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f713b13))
+* **command:** only add TransientTransactionError label when in a transaction ([478d714](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/478d714))
+* **compression:** recalculate opcode after determine OP_COMPRESSED ([022f51b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/022f51b))
+* **connect:** connect with family 0 instead of family 4 ([db07366](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/db07366))
+* **connection:** timed out connections should not be half closed ([850f4f5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/850f4f5))
+* **cursor:** call `initialize` after session support check ([e50c51a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e50c51a))
+* **encryption:** autoEncryption must error on mongodb < 4.2 ([c274615](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c274615))
+* **encryption:** do not attempt to merge autoEncryption options ([e27fdf9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e27fdf9))
+* **encryption:** encryption uses smaller batch size ([cb78e69](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cb78e69))
+* **encryption:** respect bypassAutoEncryption ([e927499](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e927499))
+* **encryption:** respect user bson options when using autoEncryption ([cb7a3f7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cb7a3f7))
+* add calculated duration to server as `roundTripTime` ([cb107a8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cb107a8))
+* **mongodb+srv:** respect overriding SRV-provided properties ([ea83360](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ea83360))
+* **pool:** flush workItems after next tick to avoid dupe selection ([3ec49e5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3ec49e5))
+* **pool:** support a `drain` event for use with unified topology ([da931ea](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/da931ea))
+* **scram:** verify server digest, ensuring mutual authentication ([806cd62](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/806cd62))
+* **srv-poller:** always provide a valid number for `intervalMS` ([afb125f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/afb125f))
+* **topology:** correct logic for checking for sessions support ([8d157c8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8d157c8))
+* **topology:** don't drain iteration timers on server selection ([fed6a57](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fed6a57))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add `MessageStream` for streamed wire protocol messaging ([8c44044](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8c44044))
+* introduce a modern `Connection` replacement for CMAP ([7890e48](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7890e48))
+* support connection establishment cancellation ([2014b7b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2014b7b))
+* support driver info for drivers wrapping the node driver ([1b6670b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1b6670b))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.3.5"></a>
+## [3.3.5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.4...v3.3.5) (2019-11-26)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **bulk:** use operation index from input to report operation error ([08ee53e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/08ee53e))
+* **command:** only add TransientTransactionError label when in a transaction ([8bab074](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8bab074))
+* **connect:** connect with family 0 instead of family 4 ([7a41279](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7a41279))
+* **cursor:** call `initialize` after session support check ([3b076b3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3b076b3))
+* **mongodb+srv:** respect overriding SRV-provided properties ([5ed4c07](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5ed4c07))
+* **pool:** support a `drain` event for use with unified topology ([3471c28](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3471c28))
+* **topology:** correct logic for checking for sessions support ([2d976bd](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2d976bd))
+* **topology:** don't drain iteration timers on server selection ([261f1e5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/261f1e5))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* support driver info for drivers wrapping the node driver ([d85c4a8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d85c4a8))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.3.4"></a>
+## [3.3.4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.3...v3.3.4) (2019-11-11)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **close:** the unified topology emits a close event on close now ([ee0db01](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ee0db01))
+* **connect:** prevent multiple callbacks in error scenarios ([5f6a787](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5f6a787))
+* **monitoring:** incorrect states used to determine rescheduling ([ec1e04c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ec1e04c))
+* **pool:** don't reset a pool if we'not already connected ([32316e4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/32316e4))
+* **pool:** only transition to `DISCONNECTED` if reconnect enabled ([43d461e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/43d461e))
+* **replset:** don't leak servers failing to connect ([f209160](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f209160))
+* **replset:** use correct `topologyId` for event emission ([19549ff](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/19549ff))
+* **sdam:** `minHeartbeatIntervalMS` => `minHeartbeatFrequencyMS` ([af9fb45](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/af9fb45))
+* **sdam:** don't emit `close` every time a child server closes ([818055a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/818055a))
+* **sdam:** don't lose servers when they fail monitoring ([8a534bb](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8a534bb))
+* **sdam:** don't remove unknown servers in topology updates ([1147ebf](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1147ebf))
+* **sdam:** ignore server errors when closing/closed ([49d7235](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/49d7235))
+* **server:** don't emit error in connect if closing/closed ([62ada2a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/62ada2a))
+* **server:** ensure state is transitioned to closed on connect fail ([a471707](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a471707))
+* **topology:** report unified topology as `nodejs` ([d126665](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d126665))
+* **topology:** set max listeners to infinity for db event relay ([edb1335](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/edb1335))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **sdam_viz:** add new tool for visualizing driver sdam changes ([738189a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/738189a))
+* **sdam_viz:** support legacy topologies in sdam_viz tool ([1a5537e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1a5537e))
+* **update-hints:** add support for `hint` to all update methods ([720f5e5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/720f5e5))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.3.3"></a>
+## [3.3.3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.2...v3.3.3) (2019-10-16)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **change_stream:** emit 'close' event if reconnecting failed ([f24c084](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f24c084))
+* **ChangeStream:** remove startAtOperationTime once we have resumeToken ([362afd8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/362afd8))
+* **connect:** Switch new Buffer(size) -> Buffer.alloc(size) ([da90c3a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/da90c3a))
+* **MongoClient:** only check own properties for valid options ([9cde4b9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9cde4b9))
+* **mongos:** disconnect proxies which are not mongos instances ([ee53983](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ee53983))
+* **mongos:** force close servers during reconnect flow ([186263f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/186263f))
+* **monitoring:** correct spelling mistake for heartbeat event ([21aa117](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/21aa117))
+* **replset:** correct server leak on initial connect ([da39d1e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/da39d1e))
+* **replset:** destroy primary before removing from replsetstate ([45ac09a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/45ac09a))
+* **replset:** destroy servers that are removed during SDAM flow ([9ea0190](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9ea0190))
+* **saslprep:** add in missing saslprep dependency ([41f1165](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/41f1165))
+* **topology:** don't early abort server selection on network errors ([2b6a359](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2b6a359))
+* **topology:** don't emit server closed event on network error ([194dcf0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/194dcf0))
+* **topology:** include all BSON types in ctor for bson-ext support ([aa4c832](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/aa4c832))
+* **topology:** respect the `force` parameter for topology close ([d6e8936](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d6e8936))
+
+### Features
+
+* **Update:** add the ability to specify a pipeline to an update command ([#2017](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2017)) ([44a4110](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/44a4110))
+* **urlParser:** default useNewUrlParser to true ([52d76e3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/52d76e3))
+
+<a name="3.2.7"></a>
+## [3.2.7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.6...v3.2.7) (2019-06-04)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **core:** updating core to version 3.2.7 ([2f91466](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2f91466))
+* **findOneAndReplace:** throw error if atomic operators provided for findOneAndReplace ([6a860a3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6a860a3))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.3.2"></a>
+## [3.3.2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.1...v3.3.2) (2019-08-28)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **change-stream:** default to server default batch size ([b3ae4c5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b3ae4c5))
+* **execute-operation:** return promise on session support check ([a976c14](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a976c14))
+* **gridfs-stream:** ensure `close` is emitted after last chunk ([ae94cb9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ae94cb9))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.3.1"></a>
+## [3.3.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.0...v3.3.1) (2019-08-23)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **find:** respect client-level provided read preference ([fec4f15](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fec4f15))
+* correct inverted defaults for unified topology ([cf598e1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cf598e1))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.3.0"></a>
+# [3.3.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.3.0-alpha1...v3.3.0) (2019-08-13)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregate-operation:** move type assertions to constructor ([25b27ff](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/25b27ff))
+* **autoEncryption:** tear down mongocryptd client when main client closes ([fe2f57e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fe2f57e))
+* **autoEncryption:** use new url parser for autoEncryption client ([d3670c2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d3670c2))
+* **Bulk:** change BulkWriteError message to first item from writeErrors ([#2013](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2013)) ([6bcf1e4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6bcf1e4))
+* **change_stream:** emit 'close' event if reconnecting failed ([41aba90](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/41aba90))
+* **change_stream:** emit close event after cursor is closed during error ([c2d80b2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c2d80b2))
+* **change-streams:** don't copy irrelevant resume options ([f190072](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f190072))
+* **changestream:** removes all event listeners on close ([30eeeb5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/30eeeb5))
+* **ChangeStream:** remove startAtOperationTime once we have resumeToken ([8d27e6e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8d27e6e))
+* **ClientSessions:** initialize clientOptions and cluster time ([b95d64e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b95d64e))
+* **connect:** don't treat 'connect' as an error event ([170a011](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/170a011))
+* **connect:** fixed syntax issue in connect error handler ([ff7166d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ff7166d))
+* **connections_stepdown_tests:** use correct version of mongo for tests ([ce2c9af](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ce2c9af))
+* **createCollection:** Db.createCollection should pass readConcern to new collection ([#2026](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2026)) ([6145d4b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6145d4b))
+* **cursor:** do not truncate an existing Long ([317055b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/317055b)), closes [mongodb-js/mongodb-core#441](https://github.com/mongodb-js/mongodb-core/issues/441)
+* **distinct:** return full response if `full` option was specified ([95a7d05](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/95a7d05))
+* **MongoClient:** allow Object.prototype items as db names ([dc6fc37](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/dc6fc37))
+* **MongoClient:** only check own properties for valid options ([c9dc717](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c9dc717))
+* **OpMsg:** cap requestIds at 0x7fffffff ([c0e87d5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c0e87d5))
+* **read-operations:** send sessions on all read operations ([4d45c8a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4d45c8a))
+* **ReadPreference:** improve ReadPreference error message and remove irrelevant sharding test ([dd34ce4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/dd34ce4))
+* **ReadPreference:** only allow valid ReadPreference modes ([06bbef2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/06bbef2))
+* **replset:** correct legacy max staleness calculation ([2eab8aa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2eab8aa))
+* **replset:** introduce a fixed-time server selection loop ([cf53299](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cf53299))
+* **server:** emit "first connect" error if initial connect fails due to ECONNREFUSED ([#2016](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2016)) ([5a7b15b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5a7b15b))
+* **serverSelection:** make sure to pass session to serverSelection ([eb5cc6b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eb5cc6b))
+* **sessions:** ensure an error is thrown when attempting sharded transactions ([3a1fdc1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3a1fdc1))
+* **topology:** add new error for retryWrites on MMAPv1 ([392f5a6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/392f5a6))
+* don't check non-unified topologies for session support check ([2bccd3f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2bccd3f))
+* maintain internal database name on collection rename ([884d46f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/884d46f))
+* only check for transaction state if session exists ([360975a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/360975a))
+* preserve aggregate explain support for legacy servers ([032b204](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/032b204))
+* read concern only supported for `mapReduce` without inline ([51a36f3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/51a36f3))
+* reintroduce support for 2.6 listIndexes ([c3bfc05](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c3bfc05))
+* return `executeOperation` for explain, if promise is desired ([b4a7ad7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b4a7ad7))
+* validate atomic operations in all update methods ([88bb77e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/88bb77e))
+* **transactions:** fix error message for attempting sharded ([eb5dfc9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eb5dfc9))
+* **transactions:** fix sharded transaction error logic ([083e18a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/083e18a))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **Aggregate:** support ReadConcern in aggregates with $out ([21cdcf0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/21cdcf0))
+* **AutoEncryption:** improve error message for missing mongodb-client-encryption ([583f29f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/583f29f))
+* **ChangeStream:** adds new resume functionality to ChangeStreams ([9ec9b8f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9ec9b8f))
+* **ChangeStreamCursor:** introduce new cursor type for change streams ([8813eb0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8813eb0))
+* **cryptdConnectionString:** makes mongocryptd uri configurable ([#2049](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2049)) ([a487be4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a487be4))
+* **eachAsync:** dedupe async iteration with a common helper ([c296f3a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c296f3a))
+* **execute-operation:** allow execution with server selection ([36bc1fd](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/36bc1fd))
+* **pool:** add support for resetting the connection pool ([2d1ff40](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2d1ff40))
+* **sessions:** track dirty state of sessions, drop after use ([f61df16](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f61df16))
+* add concept of `data-bearing` type to `ServerDescription` ([852e14f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/852e14f))
+* **transaction:** allow applications to set maxTimeMS for commitTransaction ([b3948aa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b3948aa))
+* **Update:** add the ability to specify a pipeline to an update command ([#2017](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/2017)) ([dc1387e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/dc1387e))
+* add `known`, `data-bearing` filters to `TopologyDescription` ([d0ccb56](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d0ccb56))
+* perform selection before cursor operation execution if needed ([808cf37](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/808cf37))
+* perform selection before operation execution if needed ([1a25876](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1a25876))
+* support explain operations in `CommandOperationV2` ([86f5ba5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/86f5ba5))
+* support operations passed to a `Cursor` or subclass ([b78bb89](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b78bb89))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.7"></a>
+## [3.2.7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.6...v3.2.7) (2019-06-04)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **core:** updating core to version 3.2.7 ([2f91466](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2f91466))
+* **findOneAndReplace:** throw error if atomic operators provided for findOneAndReplace ([6a860a3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6a860a3))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.6"></a>
+## [3.2.6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.5...v3.2.6) (2019-05-24)
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.5"></a>
+## [3.2.5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.4...v3.2.5) (2019-05-17)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **core:** updating core to 3.2.5 ([a2766c1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a2766c1))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.4"></a>
+## [3.2.4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.2...v3.2.4) (2019-05-08)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregation:** fix field name typo ([4235d04](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4235d04))
+* **async:** rewrote asyncGenerator in node < 10 syntax ([49c8cef](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/49c8cef))
+* **BulkOp:** run unordered bulk ops in serial ([f548bd7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f548bd7))
+* **bulkWrite:** fix issue with bulkWrite continuing w/ callback ([2a4a42c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2a4a42c))
+* **docs:** correctly document that default for `sslValidate` is false ([1f8e7fa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1f8e7fa))
+* **gridfs-stream:** honor chunk size ([9eeb114](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9eeb114))
+* **unified-topology:** only clone pool size if provided ([8dc2416](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8dc2416))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* update to mongodb-core v3.2.3 ([1c5357a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1c5357a))
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.2.4 ([2059260](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2059260))
+* **lib:** implement executeOperationV2 ([67d4edf](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/67d4edf))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.3"></a>
+## [3.2.3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.2...v3.2.3) (2019-04-05)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregation:** fix field name typo ([4235d04](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4235d04))
+* **async:** rewrote asyncGenerator in node < 10 syntax ([49c8cef](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/49c8cef))
+* **bulkWrite:** fix issue with bulkWrite continuing w/ callback ([2a4a42c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2a4a42c))
+* **docs:** correctly document that default for `sslValidate` is false ([1f8e7fa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1f8e7fa))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* update to mongodb-core v3.2.3 ([1c5357a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1c5357a))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.2"></a>
+## [3.2.2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.1...v3.2.2) (2019-03-22)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **asyncIterator:** stronger guard against importing async generator ([e0826fb](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e0826fb))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* update to mongodb-core v3.2.2 ([868cfc3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/868cfc3))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.1"></a>
+## [3.2.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.2.0...v3.2.1) (2019-03-21)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.2.1 ([30b0100](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/30b0100))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.2.0"></a>
+# [3.2.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.13...v3.2.0) (2019-03-21)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregate:** do not send batchSize for aggregation with $out ([ddb8d90](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ddb8d90))
+* **bulkWrite:** always count undefined values in bson size for bulk ([436d340](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/436d340))
+* **db_ops:** rename db to add user on ([79931af](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/79931af))
+* **mongo_client_ops:** only skip authentication if no authMechanism is specified ([3b6957d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3b6957d))
+* **mongo-client:** ensure close callback is called with client ([f39e881](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f39e881))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** pin to mongodb-core v3.2.0 ([22af15a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/22af15a))
+* **Cursor:** adds support for AsyncIterator in cursors ([b972c1e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b972c1e))
+* **db:** add database-level aggregation ([b629b21](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b629b21))
+* **mongo-client:** remove deprecated `logout` and print warning ([542859d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/542859d))
+* **topology-base:** support passing callbacks to `close` method ([7c111e0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7c111e0))
+* **transactions:** support pinning mongos for sharded txns ([3886127](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3886127))
+* **unified-sdam:** backport unified SDAM to master for v3.2.0 ([79f33ca](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/79f33ca))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.13"></a>
+## [3.1.13](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.12...v3.1.13) (2019-01-23)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* restore ability to webpack by removing `makeLazyLoader` ([050267d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/050267d))
+* **bulk:** honor ignoreUndefined in initializeUnorderedBulkOp ([e806be4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e806be4))
+* **changeStream:** properly handle changeStream event mid-close ([#1902](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1902)) ([5ad9fa9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5ad9fa9))
+* **db_ops:** ensure we async resolve errors in createCollection ([210c71d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/210c71d))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.12"></a>
+## [3.1.12](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.11...v3.1.12) (2019-01-16)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.1.11 ([9bef6e7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9bef6e7))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.11"></a>
+## [3.1.11](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.10...v3.1.11) (2019-01-15)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **bulk:** fix error propagation in empty bulk.execute ([a3adb3f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a3adb3f))
+* **bulk:** make sure that any error in bulk write is propagated ([bedc2d2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/bedc2d2))
+* **bulk:** properly calculate batch size for bulk writes ([aafe71b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/aafe71b))
+* **operations:** do not call require in a hot path ([ff82ff4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ff82ff4))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.10"></a>
+## [3.1.10](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.9...v3.1.10) (2018-11-16)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **auth:** remember to default to admin database ([c7dec28](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c7dec28))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.1.9 ([bd3355b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/bd3355b))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.9"></a>
+## [3.1.9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.8...v3.1.9) (2018-11-06)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **db:** move db constants to other file to avoid circular ref ([#1858](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1858)) ([239036f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/239036f))
+* **estimated-document-count:** support options other than maxTimeMs ([36c3c7d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/36c3c7d))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.1.8 ([80d7c79](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/80d7c79))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.8"></a>
+## [3.1.8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.7...v3.1.8) (2018-10-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **connect:** use reported default databse from new uri parser ([811f8f8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/811f8f8))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.1.7 ([dbfc905](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/dbfc905))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.7"></a>
+## [3.1.7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.6...v3.1.7) (2018-10-09)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update mongodb-core to v3.1.6 ([61b054e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/61b054e))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.6"></a>
+## [3.1.6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.5...v3.1.6) (2018-09-15)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to core v3.1.5 ([c5f823d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c5f823d))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.5"></a>
+## [3.1.5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.4...v3.1.5) (2018-09-14)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **cursor:** allow `$meta` based sort when passing an array to `sort()` ([f93a8c3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f93a8c3))
+* **utils:** only set retryWrites to true for valid operations ([3b725ef](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3b725ef))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** bump core to v3.1.4 ([805d58a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/805d58a))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.4"></a>
+## [3.1.4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.3...v3.1.4) (2018-08-25)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **buffer:** use safe-buffer polyfill to maintain compatibility ([327da95](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/327da95))
+* **change-stream:** properly support resumablity in stream mode ([c43a34b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c43a34b))
+* **connect:** correct replacement of topology on connect callback ([918a1e0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/918a1e0))
+* **cursor:** remove deprecated notice on forEach ([a474158](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a474158))
+* **url-parser:** bail early on validation when using domain socket ([3cb3da3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3cb3da3))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **client-ops:** allow bypassing creation of topologies on connect ([fe39b93](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fe39b93))
+* **core:** update mongodb-core to 3.1.3 ([a029047](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a029047))
+* **test:** use connection strings for all calls to `newClient` ([1dac18f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1dac18f))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.3"></a>
+## [3.1.3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.2...v3.1.3) (2018-08-13)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core 3.1.2 ([337cb79](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/337cb79))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.2"></a>
+## [3.1.2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.6...v3.1.2) (2018-08-13)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregate:** support user-provided `batchSize` ([ad10dee](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ad10dee))
+* **buffer:** replace deprecated Buffer constructor ([759dd85](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/759dd85))
+* **bulk:** fixing retryable writes for mass-change ops ([0604036](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0604036))
+* **bulk:** handle MongoWriteConcernErrors ([12ff392](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/12ff392))
+* **change_stream:** do not check isGetMore if error[mongoErrorContextSymbol] is undefined ([#1720](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1720)) ([844c2c8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/844c2c8))
+* **change-stream:** fix change stream resuming with promises ([3063f00](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3063f00))
+* **client-ops:** return transform map to map rather than function ([cfb7d83](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cfb7d83))
+* **collection:** correctly shallow clone passed in options ([7727700](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7727700))
+* **collection:** countDocuments throws error when query doesn't match docs ([09c7d8e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/09c7d8e))
+* **collection:** depend on `resolveReadPreference` for inheritance ([a649e35](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a649e35))
+* **collection:** ensure findAndModify always use readPreference primary ([86344f4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/86344f4))
+* **collection:** isCapped returns false instead of undefined ([b8471f1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b8471f1))
+* **collection:** only send bypassDocumentValidation if true ([fdb828b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fdb828b))
+* **count-documents:** return callback on error case ([fca1185](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fca1185))
+* **cursor:** cursor count with collation fix ([71879c3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/71879c3))
+* **cursor:** cursor hasNext returns false when exhausted ([184b817](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/184b817))
+* **cursor:** cursor.count not respecting parent readPreference ([5a9fdf0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5a9fdf0))
+* **cursor:** set readPreference for cursor.count ([13d776f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/13d776f))
+* **db:** don't send session down to createIndex command ([559c195](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/559c195))
+* **db:** throw readable error when creating `_id` with background: true ([b3ff3ed](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b3ff3ed))
+* **db_ops:** call collection.find() with correct parameters ([#1795](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1795)) ([36e92f1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/36e92f1))
+* **db_ops:** fix two incorrectly named variables ([15dc808](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/15dc808))
+* **findOneAndUpdate:** ensure that update documents contain atomic operators ([eb68074](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eb68074))
+* **index:** export MongoNetworkError ([98ab29e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/98ab29e))
+* **mongo_client:** translate options for connectWithUrl ([78f6977](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/78f6977))
+* **mongo-client:** pass arguments to ctor when new keyword is used ([d6c3417](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d6c3417))
+* **mongos:** bubble up close events after the first one ([#1713](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1713)) ([3e91d77](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3e91d77)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6249](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6249) [#1685](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1685)
+* **parallelCollectionScan:** do not use implicit sessions on cursors ([2de470a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2de470a))
+* **retryWrites:** fixes more bulk ops to not use retryWrites ([69e5254](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/69e5254))
+* **server:** remove unnecessary print statement ([2bcbc12](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2bcbc12))
+* **teardown:** properly destroy a topology when initial connect fails ([b8d2f1d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b8d2f1d))
+* **topology-base:** sending `endSessions` is always skipped now ([a276cbe](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a276cbe))
+* **txns:** omit writeConcern when in a transaction ([b88c938](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b88c938))
+* **utils:** restructure inheritance rules for read preferences ([6a7dac1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6a7dac1))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **auth:** add support for SCRAM-SHA-256 ([f53195d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f53195d))
+* **changeStream:** Adding new 4.0 ChangeStream features ([2cb4894](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2cb4894))
+* **changeStream:** allow resuming on getMore errors ([4ba5adc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4ba5adc))
+* **changeStream:** expanding changeStream resumable errors ([49fbafd](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/49fbafd))
+* **ChangeStream:** update default startAtOperationTime ([50a9f65](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/50a9f65))
+* **collection:** add colleciton level document mapping/unmapping ([d03335e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d03335e))
+* **collection:** Implement new count API ([a5240ae](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a5240ae))
+* **Collection:** warn if callback is not function in find and findOne ([cddaba0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cddaba0))
+* **core:** bump core dependency to v3.1.0 ([4937240](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4937240))
+* **cursor:** new cursor.transformStream method ([397fcd2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/397fcd2))
+* **deprecation:** create deprecation function ([4f907a0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4f907a0))
+* **deprecation:** wrap deprecated functions ([a5d0f1d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a5d0f1d))
+* **GridFS:** add option to disable md5 in file upload ([704a88e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/704a88e))
+* **listCollections:** add support for nameOnly option ([d2d0367](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d2d0367))
+* **parallelCollectionScan:** does not allow user to pass a session ([4da9e03](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4da9e03))
+* **read-preference:** add transaction to inheritance rules ([18ca41d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/18ca41d))
+* **read-preference:** unify means of read preference resolution ([#1738](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1738)) ([2995e11](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2995e11))
+* **urlParser:** use core URL parser ([c1c5d8d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c1c5d8d))
+* **withSession:** add top level helper for session lifetime ([9976b86](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9976b86))
+
+
+### Reverts
+
+* **collection:** reverting collection-mapping features ([7298c76](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7298c76)), closes [#1698](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1698) [mongodb/js-bson#253](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/issues/253)
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.1"></a>
+## [3.1.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.1.0...v3.1.1) (2018-07-05)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **client-ops:** return transform map to map rather than function ([b8b4bfa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b8b4bfa))
+* **collection:** correctly shallow clone passed in options ([2e6c4fa](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2e6c4fa))
+* **collection:** countDocuments throws error when query doesn't match docs ([4e83556](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4e83556))
+* **server:** remove unnecessary print statement ([20e11b3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/20e11b3))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.1.0"></a>
+# [3.1.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.6...v3.1.0) (2018-06-27)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregate:** support user-provided `batchSize` ([ad10dee](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ad10dee))
+* **bulk:** fixing retryable writes for mass-change ops ([0604036](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0604036))
+* **bulk:** handle MongoWriteConcernErrors ([12ff392](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/12ff392))
+* **change_stream:** do not check isGetMore if error[mongoErrorContextSymbol] is undefined ([#1720](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1720)) ([844c2c8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/844c2c8))
+* **change-stream:** fix change stream resuming with promises ([3063f00](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3063f00))
+* **collection:** depend on `resolveReadPreference` for inheritance ([a649e35](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a649e35))
+* **collection:** only send bypassDocumentValidation if true ([fdb828b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fdb828b))
+* **cursor:** cursor count with collation fix ([71879c3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/71879c3))
+* **cursor:** cursor hasNext returns false when exhausted ([184b817](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/184b817))
+* **cursor:** cursor.count not respecting parent readPreference ([5a9fdf0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5a9fdf0))
+* **db:** don't send session down to createIndex command ([559c195](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/559c195))
+* **db:** throw readable error when creating `_id` with background: true ([b3ff3ed](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b3ff3ed))
+* **findOneAndUpdate:** ensure that update documents contain atomic operators ([eb68074](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eb68074))
+* **index:** export MongoNetworkError ([98ab29e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/98ab29e))
+* **mongo-client:** pass arguments to ctor when new keyword is used ([d6c3417](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d6c3417))
+* **mongos:** bubble up close events after the first one ([#1713](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1713)) ([3e91d77](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3e91d77)), closes [Automattic/mongoose#6249](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6249) [#1685](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1685)
+* **parallelCollectionScan:** do not use implicit sessions on cursors ([2de470a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2de470a))
+* **retryWrites:** fixes more bulk ops to not use retryWrites ([69e5254](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/69e5254))
+* **topology-base:** sending `endSessions` is always skipped now ([a276cbe](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a276cbe))
+* **txns:** omit writeConcern when in a transaction ([b88c938](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b88c938))
+* **utils:** restructure inheritance rules for read preferences ([6a7dac1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6a7dac1))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **auth:** add support for SCRAM-SHA-256 ([f53195d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f53195d))
+* **changeStream:** Adding new 4.0 ChangeStream features ([2cb4894](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2cb4894))
+* **changeStream:** allow resuming on getMore errors ([4ba5adc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4ba5adc))
+* **changeStream:** expanding changeStream resumable errors ([49fbafd](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/49fbafd))
+* **ChangeStream:** update default startAtOperationTime ([50a9f65](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/50a9f65))
+* **collection:** add colleciton level document mapping/unmapping ([d03335e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d03335e))
+* **collection:** Implement new count API ([a5240ae](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a5240ae))
+* **Collection:** warn if callback is not function in find and findOne ([cddaba0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cddaba0))
+* **core:** bump core dependency to v3.1.0 ([855bfdb](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/855bfdb))
+* **cursor:** new cursor.transformStream method ([397fcd2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/397fcd2))
+* **GridFS:** add option to disable md5 in file upload ([704a88e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/704a88e))
+* **listCollections:** add support for nameOnly option ([d2d0367](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d2d0367))
+* **parallelCollectionScan:** does not allow user to pass a session ([4da9e03](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4da9e03))
+* **read-preference:** add transaction to inheritance rules ([18ca41d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/18ca41d))
+* **read-preference:** unify means of read preference resolution ([#1738](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1738)) ([2995e11](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2995e11))
+* **urlParser:** use core URL parser ([c1c5d8d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c1c5d8d))
+* **withSession:** add top level helper for session lifetime ([9976b86](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9976b86))
+
+
+### Reverts
+
+* **collection:** reverting collection-mapping features ([7298c76](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/7298c76)), closes [#1698](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1698) [mongodb/js-bson#253](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/issues/253)
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.6"></a>
+## [3.0.6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.5...v3.0.6) (2018-04-09)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **db:** ensure `dropDatabase` always uses primary read preference ([e62e5c9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e62e5c9))
+* **driverBench:** driverBench has default options object now ([c557817](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c557817))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **command-monitoring:** support enabling command monitoring ([5903680](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5903680))
+* **core:** update to mongodb-core v3.0.6 ([cfdd0ae](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cfdd0ae))
+* **driverBench:** Implementing DriverBench ([d10fbad](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d10fbad))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.5"></a>
+## [3.0.5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.4...v3.0.5) (2018-03-23)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **AggregationCursor:** adding session tracking to AggregationCursor ([baca5b7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/baca5b7))
+* **Collection:** fix session leak in parallelCollectonScan ([3331ec9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3331ec9))
+* **comments:** adding fixes for PR comments ([ee110ac](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/ee110ac))
+* **url_parser:** support a default database on mongodb+srv uris ([6d39b2a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6d39b2a))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **sessions:** adding implicit cursor session support ([a81245b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a81245b))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.4"></a>
+## [3.0.4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.2...v3.0.4) (2018-03-05)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **collection:** fix error when calling remove with no args ([#1657](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1657)) ([4c9b0f8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4c9b0f8))
+* **executeOperation:** don't mutate options passed to commands ([934a43a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/934a43a))
+* **jsdoc:** mark db.collection callback as optional + typo fix ([#1658](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1658)) ([c519b9b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c519b9b))
+* **sessions:** move active session tracking to topology base ([#1665](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1665)) ([b1f296f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b1f296f))
+* **utils:** fixes executeOperation to clean up sessions ([04e6ef6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/04e6ef6))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **default-db:** use dbName from uri if none provided ([23b1938](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/23b1938))
+* **mongodb-core:** update to mongodb-core 3.0.4 ([1fdbaa5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1fdbaa5))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.3"></a>
+## [3.0.3](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.2...v3.0.3) (2018-02-23)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **collection:** fix error when calling remove with no args ([#1657](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1657)) ([4c9b0f8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4c9b0f8))
+* **executeOperation:** don't mutate options passed to commands ([934a43a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/934a43a))
+* **jsdoc:** mark db.collection callback as optional + typo fix ([#1658](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1658)) ([c519b9b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c519b9b))
+* **sessions:** move active session tracking to topology base ([#1665](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1665)) ([b1f296f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b1f296f))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.2"></a>
+## [3.0.2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.1...v3.0.2) (2018-01-29)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **collection:** ensure dynamic require of `db` is wrapped in parentheses ([efa78f0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/efa78f0))
+* **db:** only callback with MongoError NODE-1293 ([#1652](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1652)) ([45bc722](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/45bc722))
+* **topology base:** allow more than 10 event listeners ([#1630](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1630)) ([d9fb750](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d9fb750))
+* **url parser:** preserve auth creds when composing conn string  ([#1640](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1640)) ([eddca5e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eddca5e))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **bulk:** forward 'checkKeys' option for ordered and unordered bulk operations ([421a6b2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/421a6b2))
+* **collection:** expose `dbName` property of collection ([6fd05c1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6fd05c1))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.1"></a>
+## [3.0.1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.0...v3.0.1) (2017-12-24)
+
+* update mongodb-core to 3.0.1
+
+<a name="3.0.0"></a>
+# [3.0.0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v3.0.0-rc0...v3.0.0) (2017-12-24)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregate:** remove support for inline results for aggregate ([#1620](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1620)) ([84457ec](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/84457ec))
+* **topologies:** unify topologies connect API ([#1615](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1615)) ([0fb4658](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0fb4658))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **keepAlive:** make keepAlive options consistent ([#1612](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1612)) ([f608f44](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f608f44))
+
+
+### BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* **topologies:** Function signature for `.connect` method on replset and mongos has changed. You shouldn't have been using this anyway, but if you were, you only should pass `options` and `callback`.
+
+Part of NODE-1089
+* **keepAlive:** option `keepAlive` is now split into boolean `keepAlive` and
+number `keepAliveInitialDelay`
+
+Fixes NODE-998
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.0-rc0"></a>
+# [3.0.0-rc0](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/compare/v2.2.31...v3.0.0-rc0) (2017-12-05)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **aggregation:** ensure that the `cursor` key is always present ([f16f314](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f16f314))
+* **apm:** give users access to raw server responses ([88b206b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/88b206b))
+* **apm:** only rebuilt cursor if reply is non-null ([96052c8](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/96052c8))
+* **apm:** rebuild lost `cursor` info on pre-OP_QUERY responses ([4242d49](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4242d49))
+* **bulk-unordered:** add check for ignoreUndefined ([f38641a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f38641a))
+* **change stream examples:** use timeouts, cleanup ([c5fec5f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c5fec5f))
+* **change-streams:** ensure a majority read concern on initial agg ([23011e9](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/23011e9))
+* **changeStreams:** fixing node4 issue with util.inherits ([#1587](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1587)) ([168bb3d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/168bb3d))
+* **collection:** allow { upsert: 1 } for findOneAndUpdate() and update() ([5bcedd6](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5bcedd6))
+* **collection:** allow passing `noCursorTimeout` as an option to `find()` ([e9c4ffc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e9c4ffc))
+* **collection:** make the parameters of findOne very explicit ([3054f1a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3054f1a))
+* **cursor:** `hasNext` should propagate errors when using callback ([6339625](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6339625))
+* **cursor:** close readable on `null` response for dead cursor ([6aca2c5](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6aca2c5))
+* **dns txt records:** check options are set ([e5caf4f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e5caf4f))
+* **docs:** Represent each valid option in docs in both places ([fde6e5d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/fde6e5d))
+* **grid-store:** add missing callback ([66a9a05](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/66a9a05))
+* **grid-store:** move into callback scope ([b53f65f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b53f65f))
+* **GridFS:**  fix TypeError: doc.data.length is not a function ([#1570](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1570)) ([22a4628](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/22a4628))
+* **list-collections:** ensure default of primary ReadPreference ([4a0cfeb](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4a0cfeb))
+* **mongo client:** close client before calling done ([c828aab](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c828aab))
+* **mongo client:** do not connect if url parse error ([cd10084](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cd10084))
+* **mongo client:** send error to cb ([eafc9e2](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eafc9e2))
+* **mongo-client:** move to inside of callback ([68b0fca](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/68b0fca))
+* **mongo-client:** options should not be passed to `connect` ([474ac65](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/474ac65))
+* **tests:** migrate 2.x tests to 3.x ([3a5232a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/3a5232a))
+* **updateOne/updateMany:** ensure that update documents contain atomic operators ([8b4255a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/8b4255a))
+* **url parser:** add check for options as cb ([52b6039](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/52b6039))
+* **url parser:** compare srv address and parent domains ([daa186d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/daa186d))
+* **url parser:** compare string from first period on ([9e5d77e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/9e5d77e))
+* **url parser:** default to ssl true for mongodb+srv ([0fbca4b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/0fbca4b))
+* **url parser:** error when multiple hostnames used ([c1aa681](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c1aa681))
+* **url parser:** keep original uri options and default to ssl true ([e876a72](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e876a72))
+* **url parser:** log instead of throw error for unsupported url options ([155de2d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/155de2d))
+* **url parser:** make sure uri has 3 parts ([aa9871b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/aa9871b))
+* **url parser:** only 1 txt record allowed with 2 possible options ([d9f4218](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d9f4218))
+* **url parser:** only check for multiple hostnames with srv protocol ([5542bcc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/5542bcc))
+* **url parser:** remove .only from test ([642e39e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/642e39e))
+* **url parser:** return callback ([6096afc](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6096afc))
+* **url parser:** support single text record with multiple strings ([356fa57](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/356fa57))
+* **url parser:** try catch bug, not actually returning from try loop ([758892b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/758892b))
+* **url parser:** use warn instead of info ([40ed27d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/40ed27d))
+* **url-parser:** remove comment, send error to cb ([d44420b](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/d44420b))
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **aggregate:** support hit field for aggregate command ([aa7da15](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/aa7da15))
+* **aggregation:** adds support for comment in aggregation command ([#1571](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues/1571)) ([4ac475c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/4ac475c))
+* **aggregation:** fail aggregation on explain + readConcern/writeConcern ([e0ca1b4](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/e0ca1b4))
+* **causal-consistency:** support `afterClusterTime` in readConcern ([a9097f7](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a9097f7))
+* **change-streams:** add support for change streams ([c02d25c](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/c02d25c))
+* **collection:** updating find API ([f26362d](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/f26362d))
+* **execute-operation:** implementation for common op execution ([67c344f](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/67c344f))
+* **listDatabases:** add support for nameOnly option to listDatabases ([eb79b5a](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/eb79b5a))
+* **maxTimeMS:** adding maxTimeMS option to createIndexes and dropIndexes ([90d4a63](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/90d4a63))
+* **mongo-client:** implement `MongoClient.prototype.startSession` ([bce5adf](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/bce5adf))
+* **retryable-writes:** add support for `retryWrites` cs option ([2321870](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/2321870))
+* **sessions:** MongoClient will now track sessions and release ([6829f47](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/6829f47))
+* **sessions:** support passing sessions via objects in all methods ([a531f05](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/a531f05))
+* **shared:** add helper utilities for assertion and suite setup ([b6cc34e](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/b6cc34e))
+* **ssl:** adds missing ssl options ssl options for `ciphers` and `ecdhCurve` ([441b7b1](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/441b7b1))
+* **test-shared:** add `notEqual` assertion ([41d93fd](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/41d93fd))
+* **test-shared:** add `strictEqual` assertion method ([cad8e19](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/cad8e19))
+* **topologies:** expose underlaying `logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes' ([1609a37](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/1609a37))
+* **url parser:** better error message for slash in hostname ([457bc29](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/commit/457bc29))
+
+
+### BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* **aggregation:** If you use aggregation, and try to use the explain flag while you
+have a readConcern or writeConcern, your query will fail
+* **collection:** `find` and `findOne` no longer support the `fields` parameter.
+You can achieve the same results as the `fields` parameter by
+either using `Cursor.prototype.project`, or by passing the `projection`
+property in on the `options` object. Additionally, `find` does not
+support individual options like `skip` and `limit` as positional
+parameters. You must pass in these parameters in the `options` object
+
+
+
+3.0.0 2017-??-??
+----------------
+* NODE-1043 URI-escaping authentication and hostname details in connection string
+
+2.2.31 2017-08-08
+-----------------
+* update mongodb-core to 2.2.15
+* allow auth option in MongoClient.connect
+* remove duplicate option `promoteLongs` from MongoClient's `connect`
+* bulk operations should not throw an error on empty batch
+
+2.2.30 2017-07-07
+-----------------
+* Update mongodb-core to 2.2.14
+* MongoClient
+  * add `appname` to list of valid option names
+  * added test for passing appname as option
+* NODE-1052 ensure user options are applied while parsing connection string uris
+
+2.2.29 2017-06-19
+-----------------
+* Update mongodb-core to 2.1.13
+  * NODE-1039 ensure we force destroy server instances, forcing queue to be flushed.
+  *  Use actual server type in standalone SDAM events.
+* Allow multiple map calls (Issue #1521, https://github.com/Robbilie).
+* Clone insertMany options before mutating (Issue #1522, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* NODE-1034 Fix GridStore issue caused by Node 8.0.0 breaking backward compatible fs.read API.
+* NODE-1026, use  operator instead of skip function in order to avoid useless fetch stage.
+
+2.2.28 2017-06-02
+-----------------
+* Update mongodb-core to 2.1.12
+  * NODE-1019 Set keepAlive to 300 seconds or 1/2 of socketTimeout if socketTimeout < keepAlive.
+  * Minor fix to report the correct state on error.
+  * NODE-1020 'family' was added to options to provide high priority for ipv6 addresses (Issue #1518, https://github.com/firej).
+  * Fix require_optional loading of bson-ext.
+  * Ensure no errors are thrown by replset if topology is destroyed before it finished connecting.
+  * NODE-999 SDAM fixes for Mongos and single Server event emitting.
+  * NODE-1014 Set socketTimeout to default to 360 seconds.
+  * NODE-1019 Set keepAlive to 300 seconds or 1/2 of socketTimeout if socketTimeout < keepAlive.
+* Just handle Collection name errors distinctly from general callback errors avoiding double callbacks in Db.collection.
+* NODE-999 SDAM fixes for Mongos and single Server event emitting.
+* NODE-1000 Added guard condition for upload.js checkDone function in case of race condition caused by late arriving chunk write.
+
+2.2.27 2017-05-22
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.11
+    * NODE-987 Clear out old intervalIds on when calling topologyMonitor.
+    * NODE-987 Moved filtering to pingServer method and added test case.
+    * Check for connection destroyed just before writing out and flush out operations correctly if it is (Issue #179, https://github.com/jmholzinger).
+    * NODE-989 Refactored Replicaset monitoring to correcly monitor newly added servers, Also extracted setTimeout and setInterval to use custom wrappers Timeout and Interval.
+* NODE-985 Deprecated Db.authenticate and Admin.authenticate and moved auth methods into authenticate.js to ensure MongoClient.connect does not print deprecation warnings.
+* NODE-988 Merged readConcern and hint correctly on collection(...).find(...).count()
+* Fix passing the readConcern option to MongoClient.connect (Issue #1514, https://github.com/bausmeier).
+* NODE-996 Propegate all events up to a MongoClient instance.
+* Allow saving doc with null `_id` (Issue #1517, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* NODE-993 Expose hasNext for command cursor and add docs for both CommandCursor and Aggregation Cursor.
+
+2.2.26 2017-04-18
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.10
+    * NODE-981 delegate auth to replset/mongos if inTopology is set.
+    * NODE-978 Wrap connection.end in try/catch for node 0.10.x issue causing exceptions to be thrown, Also surfaced getConnection for mongos and replset.
+    * Remove dynamic require (Issue #175, https://github.com/tellnes).
+    * NODE-696 Handle interrupted error for createIndexes.
+    * Fixed isse when user is executing find command using Server.command and it get interpreted as a wire protcol message, #172.
+    * NODE-966 promoteValues not being promoted correctly to getMore.
+    * Merged in fix for flushing out monitoring operations.
+* NODE-983 Add cursorId to aggregate and listCollections commands (Issue, #1510).
+* Mark group and profilingInfo as deprecated methods
+* NODE-956 DOCS Examples.
+* Update readable-stream to version 2.2.7.
+* NODE-978 Added test case to uncover connection.end issue for node 0.10.x.
+* NODE-972 Fix(db): don't remove database name if collectionName == dbName (Issue, #1502)
+* Fixed merging of writeConcerns on db.collection method.
+* NODE-970 mix in readPreference for strict mode listCollections callback.
+* NODE-966 added testcase for promoteValues being applied to getMore commands.
+* NODE-962 Merge in ignoreUndefined from collection level for find/findOne.
+* Remove multi option from updateMany tests/docs (Issue #1499, https://github.com/spratt).
+* NODE-963 Correctly handle cursor.count when using APM.
+
+2.2.25 2017-03-17
+-----------------
+* Don't rely on global toString() for checking if object (Issue #1494, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* Remove obsolete option uri_decode_auth (Issue #1488, https://github.com/kamagatos).
+* NODE-936 Correctly translate ReadPreference to CoreReadPreference for mongos queries.
+* Exposed BSONRegExp type.
+* NODE-950 push correct index for INSERT ops (https://github.com/mbroadst).
+* NODE-951 Added support for sslCRL option and added a test case for it.
+* NODE-953 Made batchSize issue general at cursor level.
+* NODE-954 Remove write concern from reindex helper as it will not be supported in 3.6.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.9.
+    * Return lastIsMaster correctly when connecting with secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed is set to true and only a secondary is available in replica state.
+    * Clone options when passed to wireProtocol handler to avoid intermittent modifications causing errors.
+    * Ensure SSL error propegates better for Replset connections when there is a SSL validation error.
+    * NODE-957 Fixed issue where < batchSize not causing cursor to be closed on execution of first batch.
+    * NODE-958 Store reconnectConnection on pool object to allow destroy to close immediately.
+
+2.2.24 2017-02-14
+-----------------
+* NODE-935, NODE-931 Make MongoClient strict options validation optional and instead print annoying console.warn entries.
+
+2.2.23 2017-02-13
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.8.
+  * NODE-925 ensure we reschedule operations while pool is < poolSize while pool is growing and there are no connections with not currently performing work.
+  * NODE-927 fixes issue where authentication was performed against arbiter instances.
+  * NODE-915 Normalize all host names to avoid comparison issues.
+  * Fixed issue where pool.destroy would never finish due to a single operation not being executed and keeping it open.
+* NODE-931 Validates all the options for MongoClient.connect and fixes missing connection settings.
+* NODE-929 Update SSL tutorial to correctly reflect the non-need for server/mongos/replset subobjects
+* Fix sensitive command check (Issue #1473, https://github.com/Annoraaq)
+
+2.2.22 2017-01-24
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.7.
+  * NODE-919 ReplicaSet connection does not close immediately (Issue #156).
+  * NODE-901 Fixed bug when normalizing host names.
+  * NODE-909 Fixed readPreference issue caused by direct connection to primary.
+  * NODE-910 Fixed issue when bufferMaxEntries == 0 and read preference set to nearest.
+* Add missing unref implementations for replset, mongos (Issue #1455, https://github.com/zbjornson)
+
+2.2.21 2017-01-13
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.6.
+  * NODE-908 Keep auth contexts in replset and mongos topology to ensure correct application of authentication credentials when primary is first server to be detected causing an immediate connect event to happen.
+
+2.2.20 2017-01-11
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.5 to include bson 1.0.4 and bson-ext 1.0.4 due to Buffer.from being broken in early node 4.x versions.
+
+2.2.19 2017-01-03
+-----------------
+* Corrupted Npm release fix.
+
+2.2.18 2017-01-03
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.4 to fix bson ObjectId toString issue with utils.inspect messing with toString parameters in node 6.
+
+2.2.17 2017-01-02
+-----------------
+* updated createCollection doc options and linked to create command.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.3.
+  * Monitoring operations are re-scheduled in pool if it cannot find a connection that does not already have scheduled work on it, this is to avoid the monitoring socket timeout being applied to any existing operations on the socket due to pipelining
+  * Moved replicaset monitoring away from serial mode and to parallel mode.
+  * updated bson and bson-ext dependencies to 1.0.2.
+
+2.2.16 2016-12-13
+-----------------
+* NODE-899 reversed upsertedId change to bring back old behavior.
+
+2.2.15 2016-12-10
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.2.
+  * Delay topologyMonitoring on successful attemptReconnect as no need to run a full scan immediately.
+  * Emit reconnect event in primary joining when in connected status for a replicaset (Fixes mongoose reconnect issue).
+
+2.2.14 2016-12-08
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.1.
+* NODE-892 Passthrough options.readPreference to mongodb-core ReplSet instance.
+
+2.2.13 2016-12-05
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.1.0.
+* NODE-889 Fixed issue where legacy killcursor wire protocol messages would not be sent when APM is enabled.
+* Expose parserType as property on topology objects.
+
+2.2.12 2016-11-29
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.14.
+  * Updated bson library to 0.5.7.
+  * Dont leak connection.workItems elments when killCursor is called (Issue #150, https://github.com/mdlavin).
+  * Remove unnecessary errors formatting (Issue #149, https://github.com/akryvomaz).
+  * Only check isConnected against availableConnections (Issue #142).
+  * NODE-838 Provide better error message on failed to connect on first retry for Mongos topology.
+  * Set default servername to host is not passed through for sni.
+  * Made monitoring happen on exclusive connection and using connectionTimeout to handle the wait time before failure (Issue #148).
+  * NODE-859 Make minimum value of maxStalenessSeconds 90 seconds.
+  * NODE-852 Fix Kerberos module deprecations on linux and windows and release new kerberos version.
+  * NODE-850 Update Max Staleness implementation.
+  * NODE-849 username no longer required for MONGODB-X509 auth.
+  * NODE-848 BSON Regex flags must be alphabetically ordered.
+  * NODE-846 Create notice for all third party libraries.
+  * NODE-843 Executing bulk operations overwrites write concern parameter.
+  * NODE-842 Re-sync SDAM and SDAM Monitoring tests from Specs repo.
+  * NODE-840 Resync CRUD spec tests.
+  * Unescapable while(true) loop (Issue #152).
+* NODE-864 close event not emits during network issues using single server topology.
+* Introduced maxStalenessSeconds.
+* NODE-840 Added CRUD specification test cases and fix minor issues with upserts reporting matchedCount > 0.
+* Don't ignore Db-level authSource when using auth method.  (https://github.com/donaldguy).
+
+2.2.11 2016-10-21
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.13.
+  - Fire callback when topology was destroyed (Issue #147, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+  - Refactoring to support pipelining ala 1.4.x branch will retaining the benefits of the growing/shrinking pool (Issue #146).
+  - Fix typo in serverHeartbeatFailed event name (Issue #143, https://github.com/jakesjews).
+  - NODE-798 Driver hangs on count command in replica set with one member (Issue #141, https://github.com/isayme).
+* Updated bson library to 0.5.6.
+  - Included cyclic dependency detection
+* Fix typo in serverHeartbeatFailed event name (Issue #1418, https://github.com/jakesjews).
+* NODE-824, readPreference "nearest" does not work when specified at collection level.
+* NODE-822, GridFSBucketWriteStream end method does not handle optional parameters.
+* NODE-823, GridFSBucketWriteStream end: callback is invoked with invalid parameters.
+* NODE-829, Using Start/End offset option in GridFSBucketReadStream doesn't return the right sized buffer.
+
+2.2.10 2016-09-15
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.12.
+* fix debug logging message not printing server name.
+* fixed application metadata being sent by wrong ismaster.
+* NODE-812 Fixed mongos stall due to proxy monitoring ismaster failure causing reconnect.
+* NODE-818 Replicaset timeouts in initial connect sequence can "no primary found".
+* Updated bson library to 0.5.5.
+* Added DBPointer up conversion to DBRef.
+* MongoDB 3.4-RC Pass **appname** through MongoClient.connect uri or options to allow metadata to be passed.
+* MongoDB 3.4-RC Pass collation options on update, findOne, find, createIndex, aggregate.
+* MongoDB 3.4-RC Allow write concerns to be passed to all supporting server commands.
+* MongoDB 3.4-RC Allow passing of **servername** as SSL options to support SNI.
+
+2.2.9 2016-08-29
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.11.
+* NODE-803, Fixed issue in how the latency window is calculated for Mongos topology causing issues for single proxy connections.
+* Avoid timeout in attemptReconnect causing multiple attemptReconnect attempts to happen (Issue #134, https://github.com/dead-horse).
+* Ensure promoteBuffers is propegated in same fashion as promoteValues and promoteLongs.
+* Don't treat ObjectId as object for mapReduce scope (Issue #1397, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+
+2.2.8 2016-08-23
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.10.
+* Added promoteValues flag (default to true) to allow user to specify they only want wrapped BSON values back instead of promotion to native types.
+* Do not close mongos proxy connection on failed ismaster check in ha process (Issue #130).
+
+2.2.7 2016-08-19
+----------------
+* If only a single mongos is provided in the seedlist, fix issue where it would be assigned as single standalone server instead of mongos topology (Issue #130).
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.9.
+* Allow promoteLongs to be passed in through Response.parse method and overrides default set on the connection.
+* NODE-798 Driver hangs on count command in replica set with one member.
+* Allow promoteLongs to be passed in through Response.parse method and overrides default set on the connection.
+* Allow passing in servername for TLS connections for SNI support.
+
+2.2.6 2016-08-16
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.8.
+* Allow execution of store operations independent of having both a primary and secondary available (Issue #123).
+* Fixed command execution issue for mongos to ensure buffering of commands when no mongos available.
+* Allow passing in an array of tags to ReadPreference constructor (Issue #1382, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+* Added hashed connection names and fullResult.
+* Updated bson library to 0.5.3.
+* Enable maxTimeMS in count, distinct, findAndModify.
+
+2.2.5 2016-07-28
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.7.
+* Allow primary to be returned when secondaryPreferred is passed (Issue #117, https://github.com/dhendo).
+* Added better warnings when passing in illegal seed list members to a Mongos topology.
+* Minor attemptReconnect bug that would cause multiple attemptReconnect to run in parallel.
+* Fix wrong opType passed to disconnectHandler.add (Issue #121, https://github.com/adrian-gierakowski)
+* Implemented domain backward comp support enabled via domainsEnabled options on Server/ReplSet/Mongos and MongoClient.connect.
+
+2.2.4 2016-07-19
+----------------
+* NPM corrupted upload fix.
+
+2.2.3 2016-07-19
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.6.
+* Destroy connection on socket timeout due to newer node versions not closing the socket.
+
+2.2.2 2016-07-15
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.5.
+* Minor fixes to handle faster MongoClient connectivity from the driver, allowing single server instances to detect if they are a proxy.
+* Added numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts to pool that will destroy the pool if the number of consecutive timeouts > reconnectTries.
+* Print warning if seedlist servers host name does not match the one provided in it's ismaster.me field for Replicaset members.
+* Fix issue where Replicaset connection would not succeeed if there the replicaset was a single primary server setup.
+
+2.2.1 2016-07-11
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.4.
+* handle situation where user is providing seedlist names that do not match host list. fix allows for a single full discovery connection sweep before erroring out.
+* NODE-747 Polyfill for Object.assign for 0.12.x or 0.10.x.
+* NODE-746 Improves replicaset errors for wrong setName.
+
+2.2.0 2016-07-05
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 2.0.3.
+* Moved all authentication and handling of growing/shrinking of pool connections into actual pool.
+* All authentication methods now handle both auth/reauthenticate and logout events.
+* Introduced logout method to get rid of onAll option for logout command.
+* Updated bson to 0.5.0 that includes Decimal128 support.
+* Fixed logger error serialization issue.
+* Documentation fixes.
+* Implemented Server Selection Specification test suite.
+* Added warning level to logger.
+* Added warning message when sockeTimeout < haInterval for Replset/Mongos.
+* Mongos emits close event on no proxies available or when reconnect attempt fails.
+* Replset emits close event when no servers available or when attemptReconnect fails to reconnect.
+* Don't throw in auth methods but return error in callback.
+
+2.1.21 2016-05-30
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.21.
+* Pool gets stuck if a connection marked for immediateRelease times out (Issue #99, https://github.com/nbrachet).
+* Make authentication process retry up to authenticationRetries at authenticationRetryIntervalMS interval.
+* Made ismaster replicaset calls operate with connectTimeout or monitorSocketTimeout to lower impact of big socketTimeouts on monitoring performance.
+* Make sure connections mark as "immediateRelease" don't linger the inUserConnections list. Otherwise, after that connection times out, getAll() incorrectly returns more connections than are effectively present, causing the pool to not get restarted by reconnectServer. (Issue #99, https://github.com/nbrachet).
+* Make cursor getMore or killCursor correctly trigger pool reconnect to single server if pool has not been destroyed.
+* Make ismaster monitoring for single server connection default to avoid user confusion due to change in behavior.
+
+2.1.20 2016-05-25
+-----------------
+* Refactored MongoClient options handling to simplify the logic, unifying it.
+* NODE-707 Implemented openUploadStreamWithId on GridFS to allow for custom fileIds so users are able to customize shard key and shard distribution.
+* NODE-710 Allow setting driver loggerLevel and logger function from MongoClient options.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.20.
+* Minor fix for SSL errors on connection attempts, minor fix to reconnect handler for the server.
+* Don't write to socket before having registered the callback for commands, work around for windows issuing error events twice on node.js when socket gets destroyed by firewall.
+* Fix minor issue where connectingServers would not be removed correctly causing single server connections to not auto-reconnect.
+
+2.1.19 2016-05-17
+----------------
+* Handle situation where a server connection in a replicaset sometimes fails to be destroyed properly due to being in the middle of authentication when the destroy method is called on the replicaset causing it to be orphaned and never collected.
+* Ensure replicaset topology destroy is never called by SDAM.
+* Ensure all paths are correctly returned on inspectServer in replset.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.19 to fix minor connectivity issue on quick open/close of MongoClient connections on auth enabled mongodb Replicasets.
+
+2.1.18 2016-04-27
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.18 to fix Node 6.0 issues.
+
+2.1.17 2016-04-26
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.16 to work around issue with early versions of node 0.10.x due to missing unref method on ClearText streams.
+* INT-1308: Allow listIndexes to inherit readPreference from Collection or DB.
+* Fix timeout issue using new flags #1361.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.17.
+* Better handling of unique createIndex error.
+* Emit error only if db instance has an error listener.
+* DEFAULT authMechanism; don't throw error if explicitly set by user.
+
+2.1.16 2016-04-06
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.16.
+
+2.1.15 2016-04-06
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.15.
+* Set ssl, sslValidate etc to mongosOptions on url_parser (Issue #1352, https://github.com/rubenstolk).
+- NODE-687 Fixed issue where a server object failed to be destroyed if the replicaset state did not update successfully. This could leave active connections accumulating over time.
+- Fixed some situations where all connections are flushed due to a single connection in the connection pool closing.
+
+2.1.14 2016-03-29
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.13.
+* Handle missing cursor on getMore when going through a mongos proxy by pinning to socket connection and not server.
+
+2.1.13 2016-03-29
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.12.
+
+2.1.12 2016-03-29
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.11.
+* Mongos setting acceptableLatencyMS exposed to control the latency women for mongos selection.
+* Mongos pickProxies fall back to closest mongos if no proxies meet latency window specified.
+* isConnected method for mongos uses same selection code as getServer.
+* Exceptions in cursor getServer trapped and correctly delegated to high level handler.
+
+2.1.11 2016-03-23
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.10.
+* Introducing simplified connections settings.
+
+2.1.10 2016-03-21
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.9.
+* Fixing issue that prevented mapReduce stats from being resolved (Issue #1351, https://github.com/davidgtonge)
+* Forwards SDAM monitoring events from mongodb-core.
+
+2.1.9 2016-03-16
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.7 to fix intermittent race condition that causes some users to experience big amounts of socket connections.
+* Makde bson parser in ordered/unordered bulk be directly from mongodb-core to avoid intermittent null error on mongoose.
+
+2.1.8 2016-03-14
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.5.
+* NODE-660 TypeError: Cannot read property 'noRelease' of undefined.
+* Harden MessageHandler in server.js to avoid issues where we cannot find a callback for an operation.
+* Ensure RequestId can never be larger than Max Number integer size.
+* NODE-661 typo in url_parser.js resulting in replSetServerOptions is not defined when connecting over ssl.
+* Confusing error with invalid partial index filter (Issue #1341, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* NODE-669 Should only error out promise for bulkWrite when error is a driver level error not a write error or write concern error.
+* NODE-662 shallow copy options on methods that are not currently doing it to avoid passed in options mutiation.
+* NODE-663 added lookup helper on aggregation cursor.
+* NODE-585 Result object specified incorrectly for findAndModify?.
+* NODE-666 harden validation for findAndModify CRUD methods.
+
+2.1.7 2016-02-09
+----------------
+* NODE-656 fixed corner case where cursor count command could be left without a connection available.
+* NODE-658 Work around issue that bufferMaxEntries:-1 for js gets interpreted wrongly due to double nature of Javascript numbers.
+* Fix: GridFS always returns the oldest version due to incorrect field name (Issue #1338, https://github.com/mdebruijne).
+* NODE-655 GridFS stream support for cancelling upload streams and download streams (Issue #1339, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* NODE-657 insertOne don`t return promise in some cases.
+* Added destroy alias for abort function on GridFSBucketWriteStream.
+
+2.1.6 2016-02-05
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.1.
+
+2.1.5 2016-02-04
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.3.0.
+* Added raw support for the command function on topologies.
+* Fixed issue where raw results that fell on batchSize boundaries failed (Issue #72)
+* Copy over all the properties to the callback returned from bindToDomain, (Issue #72)
+* Added connection hash id to be able to reference connection host/name without leaking it outside of driver.
+* NODE-638, Cannot authenticate database user with utf-8 password.
+* Refactored pool to be worker queue based, minimizing the impact a slow query have on throughput as long as # slow queries < # connections in the pool.
+* Pool now grows and shrinks correctly depending on demand not causing a full pool reconnect.
+* Improvements in monitoring of a Replicaset where in certain situations the inquiry process could get exited.
+* Switched to using Array.push instead of concat for use cases of a lot of documents.
+* Fixed issue where re-authentication could loose the credentials if whole Replicaset disconnected at once.
+* Added peer optional dependencies support using require_optional module.
+* Bug is listCollections for collection names that start with db name (Issue #1333, https://github.com/flyingfisher)
+* Emit error before closing stream (Issue #1335, https://github.com/eagleeye)
+
+2.1.4 2016-01-12
+----------------
+* Restricted node engine to >0.10.3 (https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE-635).
+* Multiple database names ignored without a warning (https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE-636, Issue #1324, https://github.com/yousefhamza).
+* Convert custom readPreference objects in collection.js (Issue #1326, https://github.com/Machyne).
+
+2.1.3 2016-01-04
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.31.
+* Allow connection to secondary if primaryPreferred or secondaryPreferred (Issue #70, https://github.com/leichter)
+
+2.1.2 2015-12-23
+----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.30.
+* Pool allocates size + 1 connections when using replicasets, reserving additional pool connection for monitoring exclusively.
+* Fixes bug when all replicaset members are down, that would cause it to fail to reconnect using the originally provided seedlist.
+
+2.1.1 2015-12-13
+----------------
+* Surfaced checkServerIdentity options for MongoClient, Server, ReplSet and Mongos to allow for control of the checkServerIdentity method available in Node.s 0.12.x or higher.
+* Added readPreference support to listCollections and listIndexes helpers.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.28.
+
+2.1.0 2015-12-06
+----------------
+* Implements the connection string specification, https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/connection-string/connection-string-spec.rst.
+* Implements the new GridFS specification, https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/gridfs/gridfs-spec.rst.
+* Full MongoDB 3.2 support.
+* NODE-601 Added maxAwaitTimeMS support for 3.2 getMore to allow for custom timeouts on tailable cursors.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.26.
+* Return destination in GridStore pipe function.
+* NODE-606 better error handling on destroyed topology for db.js methods.
+* Added isDestroyed method to server, replset and mongos topologies.
+* Upgraded test suite to run using mongodb-topology-manager.
+
+2.0.53 2015-12-23
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.30.
+* Pool allocates size + 1 connections when using replicasets, reserving additional pool connection for monitoring exclusively.
+* Fixes bug when all replicaset members are down, that would cause it to fail to reconnect using the originally provided seedlist.
+
+2.0.52 2015-12-14
+-----------------
+* removed remove from Gridstore.close.
+
+2.0.51 2015-12-13
+-----------------
+* Surfaced checkServerIdentity options for MongoClient, Server, ReplSet and Mongos to allow for control of the checkServerIdentity method available in Node.s 0.12.x or higher.
+* Added readPreference support to listCollections and listIndexes helpers.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.28.
+
+2.0.50 2015-12-06
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.26.
+
+2.0.49 2015-11-20
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.24 with several fixes.
+  * Fix Automattic/mongoose#3481; flush callbacks on error, (Issue #57, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+  * $explain query for wire protocol 2.6 and 2.4 does not set number of returned documents to -1 but to 0.
+  * ismaster runs against admin.$cmd instead of system.$cmd.
+  * Fixes to handle getMore command errors for MongoDB 3.2
+  * Allows the process to properly close upon a Db.close() call on the replica set by shutting down the haTimer and closing arbiter connections.
+
+2.0.48 2015-11-07
+-----------------
+* GridFS no longer performs any deletes when writing a brand new file that does not have any previous <db>.fs.chunks or <db>.fs.files documents.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.21.
+* Hardened the checking for replicaset equality checks.
+* OpReplay flag correctly set on Wire protocol query.
+* Mongos load balancing added, introduced localThresholdMS to control the feature.
+* Kerberos now a peerDependency, making it not install it by default in Node 5.0 or higher.
+
+2.0.47 2015-10-28
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.20.
+* Fixed bug in arbiter connection capping code.
+* NODE-599 correctly handle arrays of server tags in order of priority.
+* Fix for 2.6 wire protocol handler related to readPreference handling.
+* Added maxAwaitTimeMS support for 3.2 getMore to allow for custom timeouts on tailable cursors.
+* Make CoreCursor check for $err before saying that 'next' succeeded (Issue #53, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+
+2.0.46 2015-10-15
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.19.
+* NODE-578 Order of sort fields is lost for numeric field names.
+* Expose BSON Map (ES6 Map or polyfill).
+* Minor fixes for APM support to pass extended APM test suite.
+
+2.0.45 2015-09-30
+-----------------
+* NODE-566 Fix issue with rewind on capped collections causing cursor state to be reset on connection loss.
+
+2.0.44 2015-09-28
+-----------------
+* Bug fixes for APM upconverting of legacy INSERT/UPDATE/REMOVE wire protocol messages.
+* NODE-562, fixed issue where a Replicaset MongoDB URI with a single seed and replSet name set would cause a single direct connection instead of topology discovery.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.14.
+* NODE-563 Introduced options.ignoreUndefined for db class and MongoClient db options, made serialize undefined to null default again but allowing for overrides on insert/update/delete operations.
+* Use handleCallback if result is an error for count queries. (Issue #1298, https://github.com/agclever)
+* Rewind cursor to correctly force reconnect on capped collections when first query comes back empty.
+* NODE-571 added code 59 to legacy server errors when SCRAM-SHA-1 mechanism fails.
+* NODE-572 Remove examples that use the second parameter to `find()`.
+
+2.0.43 2015-09-14
+-----------------
+* Propagate timeout event correctly to db instances.
+* Application Monitoring API (APM) implemented.
+* NOT providing replSet name in MongoClient connection URI will force single server connection. Fixes issue where it was impossible to directly connect to a replicaset member server.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.12.
+* NODE-541 Initial Support "read committed" isolation level where "committed" means confimed by the voting majority of a replica set.
+* GridStore doesn't share readPreference setting from connection string. (Issue #1295, https://github.com/zhangyaoxing)
+* fixed forceServerObjectId calls (Issue #1292, https://github.com/d-mon-)
+* Pass promise library through to DB function (Issue #1294, https://github.com/RovingCodeMonkey)
+
+2.0.42 2015-08-18
+-----------------
+* Added test case to exercise all non-crud methods on mongos topologies, fixed numberOfConnectedServers on mongos topology instance.
+
+2.0.41 2015-08-14
+-----------------
+* Added missing Mongos.prototype.parserType function.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.10.
+
+2.0.40 2015-07-14
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.9 for 2.4 wire protocol error handler fix.
+* NODE-525 Reset connectionTimeout after it's overwritten by tls.connect.
+* NODE-518 connectTimeoutMS is doubled in 2.0.39.
+* NODE-506 Ensures that errors from bulk unordered and ordered are instanceof Error (Issue #1282, https://github.com/owenallenaz).
+* NODE-526 Unique index not throwing duplicate key error.
+* NODE-528 Ignore undefined fields in Collection.find().
+* NODE-527 The API example for collection.createIndex shows Db.createIndex functionality.
+
+2.0.39 2015-07-14
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.6 for NODE-505.
+
+2.0.38 2015-07-14
+-----------------
+* NODE-505 Query fails to find records that have a 'result' property with an array value.
+
+2.0.37 2015-07-14
+-----------------
+* NODE-504 Collection * Default options when using promiseLibrary.
+* NODE-500 Accidental repeat of hostname in seed list multiplies total connections persistently.
+* Updated mongodb-core to 1.2.5 to fix NODE-492.
+
+2.0.36 2015-07-07
+-----------------
+* Fully promisified allowing the use of ES6 generators and libraries like co. Also allows for BYOP (Bring your own promises).
+* NODE-493 updated mongodb-core to 1.2.4 to ensure we cannot DDOS the mongod or mongos process on large connection pool sizes.
+
+2.0.35 2015-06-17
+-----------------
+* Upgraded to mongodb-core 1.2.2 including removing warnings when C++ bson parser is not available and a fix for SCRAM authentication.
+
+2.0.34 2015-06-17
+-----------------
+* Upgraded to mongodb-core 1.2.1 speeding up serialization and removing the need for the c++ bson extension.
+* NODE-486 fixed issue related to limit and skip when calling toArray in 2.0 driver.
+* NODE-483 throw error if capabilities of topology is queries before topology has performed connection setup.
+* NODE-482 fixed issue where MongoClient.connect would incorrectly identify a replset seed list server as a non replicaset member.
+* NODE-487 fixed issue where killcursor command was not being sent correctly on limit and skip queries.
+
+2.0.33 2015-05-20
+-----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.32.
+
+2.0.32 2015-05-19
+-----------------
+* NODE-463 db.close immediately executes its callback.
+* Don't only emit server close event once (Issue #1276, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* NODE-464 Updated mongodb-core to 1.1.31 that uses a single socket connection to arbiters and hidden servers as well as emitting all event correctly.
+
+2.0.31 2015-05-08
+-----------------
+* NODE-461 Tripping on error "no chunks found for file, possibly corrupt" when there is no error.
+
+2.0.30 2015-05-07
+-----------------
+* NODE-460 fix; don't set authMechanism for user in db.authenticate() to avoid mongoose authentication issue.
+
+2.0.29 2015-05-07
+-----------------
+* NODE-444 Possible memory leak, too many listeners added.
+* NODE-459 Auth failure using Node 0.8.28, MongoDB 3.0.2 & mongodb-node-native 1.4.35.
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.26.
+
+2.0.28 2015-04-24
+-----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.25
+* Added Cursor.prototype.setCursorOption to allow for setting node specific cursor options for tailable cursors.
+* NODE-430 Cursor.count() opts argument masked by var opts = {}
+* NODE-406 Implemented Cursor.prototype.map function tapping into MongoClient cursor transforms.
+* NODE-438 replaceOne is not returning the result.ops property as described in the docs.
+* NODE-433 _read, pipe and write all open gridstore automatically if not open.
+* NODE-426 ensure drain event is emitted after write function returns, fixes intermittent issues in writing files to gridstore.
+* NODE-440 GridStoreStream._read() doesn't check GridStore.read() error.
+* Always use readPreference = primary for findAndModify command (ignore passed in read preferences) (Issue #1274, https://github.com/vkarpov15).
+* Minor fix in GridStore.exists for dealing with regular expressions searches.
+
+2.0.27 2015-04-07
+-----------------
+* NODE-410 Correctly handle issue with pause/resume in Node 0.10.x that causes exceptions when using the Node 0.12.0 style streams.
+
+2.0.26 2015-04-07
+-----------------
+* Implements the Common Index specification Standard API at https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/index-management.rst.
+* NODE-408 Expose GridStore.currentChunk.chunkNumber.
+
+2.0.25 2015-03-26
+-----------------
+* Upgraded mongodb-core to 1.1.21, making the C++ bson code an optional dependency to the bson module.
+
+2.0.24 2015-03-24
+-----------------
+* NODE-395 Socket Not Closing, db.close called before full set finished initalizing leading to server connections in progress not being closed properly.
+* Upgraded mongodb-core to 1.1.20.
+
+2.0.23 2015-03-21
+-----------------
+* NODE-380 Correctly return MongoError from toError method.
+* Fixed issue where addCursorFlag was not correctly setting the flag on the command for mongodb-core.
+* NODE-388 Changed length from method to property on order.js/unordered.js bulk operations.
+* Upgraded mongodb-core to 1.1.19.
+
+2.0.22 2015-03-16
+-----------------
+* NODE-377, fixed issue where tags would correctly be checked on secondary and nearest to filter out eligible server candidates.
+* Upgraded mongodb-core to 1.1.17.
+
+2.0.21 2015-03-06
+-----------------
+* Upgraded mongodb-core to 1.1.16 making sslValidate default to true to force validation on connection unless overriden by the user.
+
+2.0.20 2015-03-04
+-----------------
+* Updated mongodb-core 1.1.15 to relax pickserver method.
+
+2.0.19 2015-03-03
+-----------------
+* NODE-376 Fixes issue * Unordered batch incorrectly tracks batch size when switching batch types (Issue #1261, https://github.com/meirgottlieb)
+* NODE-379 Fixes bug in cursor.count() that causes the result to always be zero for dotted collection names (Issue #1262, https://github.com/vsivsi)
+* Expose MongoError from mongodb-core (Issue #1260, https://github.com/tjconcept)
+
+2.0.18 2015-02-27
+-----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core 1.1.14 to ensure passives are correctly added as secondaries.
+
+2.0.17 2015-02-27
+-----------------
+* NODE-336 Added length function to ordered and unordered bulk operations to be able know the amount of current operations in bulk.
+* Bumped mongodb-core 1.1.13 to ensure passives are correctly added as secondaries.
+
+2.0.16 2015-02-16
+-----------------
+* listCollection now returns filtered result correctly removing db name for 2.6 or earlier servers.
+* Bumped mongodb-core 1.1.12 to correctly work for node 0.12.0 and io.js.
+* Add ability to get collection name from cursor (Issue #1253, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+
+2.0.15 2015-02-02
+-----------------
+* Unified behavior of listCollections results so 3.0 and pre 3.0 return same type of results.
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.11 to support per document tranforms in cursors as well as relaxing the setName requirement.
+* NODE-360 Aggregation cursor and command correctly passing down the maxTimeMS property.
+* Added ~1.0 mongodb-tools module for test running.
+* Remove the required setName for replicaset connections, if not set it will pick the first setName returned.
+
+2.0.14 2015-01-21
+-----------------
+* Fixed some MongoClient.connect options pass through issues and added test coverage.
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.9 including fixes for io.js
+
+2.0.13 2015-01-09
+-----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.8.
+* Optimized query path for performance, moving Object.defineProperty outside of constructors.
+
+2.0.12 2014-12-22
+-----------------
+* Minor fixes to listCollections to ensure correct querying of a collection when using a string.
+
+2.0.11 2014-12-19
+-----------------
+* listCollections filters out index namespaces on < 2.8 correctly
+* Bumped mongo-client to 1.1.7
+
+2.0.10 2014-12-18
+-----------------
+* NODE-328 fixed db.open return when no callback available issue and added test.
+* NODE-327 Refactored listCollections to return cursor to support 2.8.
+* NODE-327 Added listIndexes method and refactored internal methods to use the new command helper.
+* NODE-335 Cannot create index for nested objects fixed by relaxing key checking for createIndex helper.
+* Enable setting of connectTimeoutMS (Issue #1235, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+* Bumped mongo-client to 1.1.6
+
+2.0.9 2014-12-01
+----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.3 fixing global leaked variables and introducing strict across all classes.
+* All classes are now strict (Issue #1233)
+* NODE-324 Refactored insert/update/remove and all other crud opts to rely on internal methods to avoid any recursion.
+* Fixed recursion issues in debug logging due to JSON.stringify()
+* Documentation fixes (Issue #1232, https://github.com/wsmoak)
+* Fix writeConcern in Db.prototype.ensureIndex (Issue #1231, https://github.com/Qard)
+
+2.0.8 2014-11-28
+----------------
+* NODE-322 Finished up prototype refactoring of Db class.
+* NODE-322 Exposed Cursor in index.js for New Relic.
+
+2.0.7 2014-11-20
+----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.2 fixing a UTF8 encoding issue for collection names.
+* NODE-318 collection.update error while setting a function with serializeFunctions option.
+* Documentation fixes.
+
+2.0.6 2014-11-14
+----------------
+* Refactored code to be prototype based instead of privileged methods.
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.1.1 to take advantage of the prototype based refactorings.
+* Implemented missing aspects of the CRUD specification.
+* Fixed documentation issues.
+* Fixed global leak REFERENCE_BY_ID in gridfs grid_store (Issue #1225, https://github.com/j)
+* Fix LearnBoost/mongoose#2313: don't let user accidentally clobber geoNear params (Issue #1223, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+
+2.0.5 2014-10-29
+----------------
+* Minor fixes to documentation and generation of documentation.
+* NODE-306 (No results in aggregation cursor when collection name contains a dot), Merged code for cursor and aggregation cursor.
+
+2.0.4 2014-10-23
+----------------
+* Allow for single replicaset seed list with no setName specified (Issue #1220, https://github.com/imaman)
+* Made each rewind on each call allowing for re-using the cursor.
+* Fixed issue where incorrect iterations would happen on each for extensive batchSizes.
+* NODE-301 specifying maxTimeMS on find causes all fields to be omitted from result.
+
+2.0.3 2014-10-14
+----------------
+* NODE-297 Aggregate Broken for case of pipeline with no options.
+
+2.0.2 2014-10-08
+----------------
+* Bumped mongodb-core to 1.0.2.
+* Fixed bson module dependency issue by relying on the mongodb-core one.
+* Use findOne instead of find followed by nextObject (Issue #1216, https://github.com/sergeyksv)
+
+2.0.1 2014-10-07
+----------------
+* Dependency fix
+
+2.0.0 2014-10-07
+----------------
+* First release of 2.0 driver
+
+2.0.0-alpha2 2014-10-02
+-----------------------
+* CRUD API (insertOne, insertMany, updateOne, updateMany, removeOne, removeMany, bulkWrite, findOneAndDelete, findOneAndUpdate, findOneAndReplace)
+* Cluster Management Spec compatible.
+
+2.0.0-alpha1 2014-09-08
+-----------------------
+* Insert method allows only up 1000 pr batch for legacy as well as 2.6 mode
+* Streaming behavior is 0.10.x or higher with backwards compatibility using readable-stream npm package
+* Gridfs stream only available through .stream() method due to overlapping names on Gridstore object and streams in 0.10.x and higher of node
+* remove third result on update and remove and return the whole result document instead (getting rid of the weird 3 result parameters)
+    * Might break some application
+* Returns the actual mongodb-core result instead of just the number of records changed for insert/update/remove
+* MongoClient only has the connect method (no ability instantiate with Server, ReplSet or similar)
+* Removed Grid class
+* GridStore only supports w+ for metadata updates, no appending to file as it's not thread safe and can cause corruption of the data
+    + seek will fail if attempt to use with w or w+
+    + write will fail if attempted with w+ or r
+    + w+ only works for updating metadata on a file
+* Cursor toArray and each resets and re-runs the cursor
+* FindAndModify returns whole result document instead of just value
+* Extend cursor to allow for setting all the options via methods instead of dealing with the current messed up find
+* Removed db.dereference method
+* Removed db.cursorInfo method
+* Removed db.stats method
+* Removed db.collectionNames not needed anymore as it's just a specialized case of listCollections
+* Removed db.collectionInfo removed due to not being compatible with new storage engines in 2.8 as they need to use the listCollections command due to system collections not working for namespaces.
+* Added db.listCollections to replace several methods above
+
+1.4.10 2014-09-04
+-----------------
+* Fixed BSON and Kerberos compilation issues
+* Bumped BSON to ~0.2 always installing latest BSON 0.2.x series
+* Fixed Kerberos and bumped to 0.0.4
+
+1.4.9 2014-08-26
+----------------
+* Check _bsonType for Binary (Issue #1202, https://github.com/mchapman)
+* Remove duplicate Cursor constructor (Issue #1201, https://github.com/KenPowers)
+* Added missing parameter in the documentation (Issue #1199, https://github.com/wpjunior)
+* Documented third parameter on the update callback(Issue #1196, https://github.com/gabmontes)
+* NODE-240 Operations on SSL connection hang on node 0.11.x
+* NODE-235 writeResult is not being passed on when error occurs in insert
+* NODE-229 Allow count to work with query hints
+* NODE-233 collection.save() does not support fullResult
+* NODE-244 Should parseError also emit a `disconnected` event?
+* NODE-246 Cursors are inefficiently constructed and consequently cannot be promisified.
+* NODE-248 Crash with X509 auth
+* NODE-252 Uncaught Exception in Base.__executeAllServerSpecificErrorCallbacks
+* Bumped BSON parser to 0.2.12
+
+
+1.4.8 2014-08-01
+----------------
+* NODE-205 correctly emit authenticate event
+* NODE-210 ensure no undefined connection error when checking server state
+* NODE-212 correctly inherit socketTimeoutMS from replicaset when HA process adds new servers or reconnects to existing ones
+* NODE-220 don't throw error if ensureIndex errors out in Gridstore
+* Updated bson to 0.2.11 to ensure correct toBSON behavior when returning non object in nested classes
+* Fixed test running filters
+* Wrap debug log in a call to format (Issue #1187, https://github.com/andyroyle)
+* False option values should not trigger w:1 (Issue #1186, https://github.com/jsdevel)
+* Fix aggregatestream.close(Issue #1194, https://github.com/jonathanong)
+* Fixed parsing issue for w:0 in url parser when in connection string
+* Modified collection.geoNear to support a geoJSON point or legacy coordinate pair (Issue #1198, https://github.com/mmacmillan)
+
+1.4.7 2014-06-18
+----------------
+* Make callbacks to be executed in right domain when server comes back up (Issue #1184, https://github.com/anton-kotenko)
+* Fix issue where currentOp query against mongos would fail due to mongos passing through $readPreference field to mongod (CS-X)
+
+1.4.6 2014-06-12
+----------------
+* Added better support for MongoClient IP6 parsing (Issue #1181, https://github.com/micovery)
+* Remove options check on index creation (Issue #1179, Issue #1183, https://github.com/jdesboeufs, https://github.com/rubenvereecken)
+* Added missing type check before calling optional callback function (Issue #1180)
+
+1.4.5 2014-05-21
+----------------
+* Added fullResult flag to insert/update/remove which will pass raw result document back. Document contents will vary depending on the server version the driver is talking to. No attempt is made to coerce a joint response.
+* Fix to avoid MongoClient.connect hanging during auth when secondaries building indexes pre 2.6.
+* return the destination stream in GridStore.pipe (Issue #1176, https://github.com/iamdoron)
+
+1.4.4 2014-05-13
+----------------
+* Bumped BSON version to use the NaN 1.0 package, fixed strict comparison issue for ObjectID
+* Removed leaking global variable (Issue #1174, https://github.com/dainis)
+* MongoClient respects connectTimeoutMS for initial discovery process (NODE-185)
+* Fix bug with return messages larger than 16MB but smaller than max BSON Message Size (NODE-184)
+
+1.4.3 2014-05-01
+----------------
+* Clone options for commands to avoid polluting original options passed from Mongoose (Issue #1171, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+* Made geoNear and geoHaystackSearch only clean out allowed options from command generation (Issue #1167)
+* Fixed typo for allowDiskUse (Issue #1168, https://github.com/joaofranca)
+* A 'mapReduce' function changed 'function' to instance '\<Object\>' of 'Code' class (Issue #1165, https://github.com/exabugs)
+* Made findAndModify set sort only when explicitly set (Issue #1163, https://github.com/sars)
+* Rewriting a gridStore file by id should use a new filename if provided (Issue #1169, https://github.com/vsivsi)
+
+1.4.2 2014-04-15
+----------------
+* Fix for inheritance of readPreferences from MongoClient NODE-168/NODE-169
+* Merged in fix for ping strategy to avoid hitting non-pinged servers (Issue #1161, https://github.com/vaseker)
+* Merged in fix for correct debug output for connection messages (Issue #1158, https://github.com/vaseker)
+* Fixed global variable leak (Issue #1160, https://github.com/vaseker)
+
+1.4.1 2014-04-09
+----------------
+* Correctly emit joined event when primary change
+* Add _id to documents correctly when using bulk operations
+
+1.4.0 2014-04-03
+----------------
+* All node exceptions will no longer be caught if on('error') is defined
+* Added X509 auth support
+* Fix for MongoClient connection timeout issue (NODE-97)
+* Pass through error messages from parseError instead of just text (Issue #1125)
+* Close db connection on error (Issue #1128, https://github.com/benighted)
+* Fixed documentation generation
+* Added aggregation cursor for 2.6 and emulated cursor for pre 2.6 (uses stream2)
+* New Bulk API implementation using write commands for 2.6 and down converts for pre 2.6
+* Insert/Update/Remove using new write commands when available
+* Added support for new roles based API's in 2.6 for addUser/removeUser
+* Added bufferMaxEntries to start failing if the buffer hits the specified number of entries
+* Upgraded BSON parser to version 0.2.7 to work with < 0.11.10 C++ API changes
+* Support for OP_LOG_REPLAY flag (NODE-94)
+* Fixes for SSL HA ping and discovery.
+* Uses createIndexes if available for ensureIndex/createIndex
+* Added parallelCollectionScan method to collection returning CommandCursor instances for cursors
+* Made CommandCursor behave as Readable stream.
+* Only Db honors readPreference settings, removed Server.js legacy readPreference settings due to user confusion.
+* Reconnect event emitted by ReplSet/Mongos/Server after reconnect and before replaying of buffered operations.
+* GridFS buildMongoObject returns error on illegal md5 (NODE-157, https://github.com/iantocristian)
+* Default GridFS chunk size changed to (255 * 1024) bytes to optimize for collections defaulting to power of 2 sizes on 2.6.
+* Refactored commands to all go through command function ensuring consistent command execution.
+* Fixed issues where readPreferences where not correctly passed to mongos.
+* Catch error == null and make err detection more prominent (NODE-130)
+* Allow reads from arbiter for single server connection (NODE-117)
+* Handle error coming back with no documents (NODE-130)
+* Correctly use close parameter in Gridstore.write() (NODE-125)
+* Throw an error on a bulk find with no selector (NODE-129, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+* Use a shallow copy of options in find() (NODE-124, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+* Fix statistical strategy (NODE-158, https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+* GridFS off-by-one bug in lastChunkNumber() causes uncaught throw and data loss (Issue #1154, https://github.com/vsivsi)
+* GridStore drops passed `aliases` option, always results in `null` value in GridFS files (Issue #1152, https://github.com/vsivsi)
+* Remove superfluous connect object copying in index.js (Issue #1145, https://github.com/thomseddon)
+* Do not return false when the connection buffer is still empty (Issue #1143, https://github.com/eknkc)
+* Check ReadPreference object on ReplSet.canRead (Issue #1142, https://github.com/eknkc)
+* Fix unpack error on _executeQueryCommand (Issue #1141, https://github.com/eknkc)
+* Close db on failed connect so node can exit (Issue #1128, https://github.com/benighted)
+* Fix global leak with _write_concern (Issue #1126, https://github.com/shanejonas)
+
+1.3.19 2013-08-21
+-----------------
+* Correctly rethrowing errors after change from event emission to callbacks, compatibility with 0.10.X domains without breaking 0.8.X support.
+* Small fix to return the entire findAndModify result as the third parameter (Issue #1068)
+* No removal of "close" event handlers on server reconnect, emits "reconnect" event when reconnection happens. Reconnect Only applies for single server connections as of now as semantics for ReplSet and Mongos is not clear (Issue #1056)
+
+1.3.18 2013-08-10
+-----------------
+* Fixed issue when throwing exceptions in MongoClient.connect/Db.open (Issue #1057)
+* Fixed an issue where _events is not cleaned up correctly causing a slow steady memory leak.
+
+1.3.17 2013-08-07
+-----------------
+* Ignore return commands that have no registered callback
+* Made collection.count not use the db.command function
+* Fix throw exception on ping command (Issue #1055)
+
+1.3.16 2013-08-02
+-----------------
+* Fixes connection issue where lots of connections would happen if a server is in recovery mode during connection (Issue #1050, NODE-50, NODE-51)
+* Bug in unlink mulit filename (Issue #1054)
+
+1.3.15 2013-08-01
+-----------------
+* Memory leak issue due to node Issue #4390 where _events[id] is set to undefined instead of deleted leading to leaks in the Event Emitter over time
+
+1.3.14 2013-08-01
+-----------------
+* Fixed issue with checkKeys where it would error on X.X
+
+1.3.13 2013-07-31
+-----------------
+* Added override for checkKeys on insert/update (Warning will expose you to injection attacks) (Issue #1046)
+* BSON size checking now done pre serialization (Issue #1037)
+* Added isConnected returns false when no connection Pool exists (Issue #1043)
+* Unified command handling to ensure same handling (Issue #1041, #1042)
+* Correctly emit "open" and "fullsetup" across all Db's associated with Mongos, ReplSet or Server (Issue #1040)
+* Correctly handles bug in authentication when attempting to connect to a recovering node in a replicaset.
+* Correctly remove recovering servers from available servers in replicaset. Piggybacks on the ping command.
+* Removed findAndModify chaining to be compliant with behavior in other official drivers and to fix a known mongos issue.
+* Fixed issue with Kerberos authentication on Windows for re-authentication.
+* Fixed Mongos failover behavior to correctly throw out old servers.
+* Ensure stored queries/write ops are executed correctly after connection timeout
+* Added promoteLongs option for to allow for overriding the promotion of Longs to Numbers and return the actual Long.
+
+1.3.12 2013-07-19
+-----------------
+* Fixed issue where timeouts sometimes would behave wrongly (Issue #1032)
+* Fixed bug with callback third parameter on some commands (Issue #1033)
+* Fixed possible issue where killcursor command might leave hanging functions
+* Fixed issue where Mongos was not correctly removing dead servers from the pool of eligable servers
+* Throw error if dbName or collection name contains null character (at command level and at collection level)
+* Updated bson parser to 0.2.1 with security fix and non-promotion of Long values to javascript Numbers (once a long always a long)
+
+1.3.11 2013-07-04
+-----------------
+* Fixed errors on geoNear and geoSearch (Issue #1024, https://github.com/ebensing)
+* Add driver version to export (Issue #1021, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Add text to readpreference obedient commands (Issue #1019)
+* Drivers should check the query failure bit even on getmore response (Issue #1018)
+* Map reduce has incorrect expectations of 'inline' value for 'out' option (Issue #1016, https://github.com/rcotter)
+* Support SASL PLAIN authentication (Issue #1009)
+* Ability to use different Service Name on the driver for Kerberos Authentication (Issue #1008)
+* Remove unnecessary octal literal to allow the code to run in strict mode (Issue #1005, https://github.com/jamesallardice)
+* Proper handling of recovering nodes (when they go into recovery and when they return from recovery, Issue #1027)
+
+1.3.10 2013-06-17
+-----------------
+* Guard against possible undefined in server::canCheckoutWriter (Issue #992, https://github.com/willyaranda)
+* Fixed some duplicate test names (Issue #993, https://github.com/kawanet)
+* Introduced write and read concerns for GridFS (Issue #996)
+* Fixed commands not correctly respecting Collection level read preference (Issue #995, #999)
+* Fixed issue with pool size on replicaset connections (Issue #1000)
+* Execute all query commands on master switch (Issue #1002, https://github.com/fogaztuc)
+
+1.3.9 2013-06-05
+----------------
+* Fixed memory leak when findAndModify errors out on w>1 and chained callbacks not properly cleaned up.
+
+1.3.8 2013-05-31
+----------------
+* Fixed issue with socket death on windows where it emits error event instead of close event (Issue #987)
+* Emit authenticate event on db after authenticate method has finished on db instance (Issue #984)
+* Allows creation of MongoClient and do new MongoClient().connect(..). Emits open event when connection correct allowing for apps to react on event.
+
+1.3.7 2013-05-29
+----------------
+* After reconnect, tailable getMores go on inconsistent connections (Issue #981, #982, https://github.com/glasser)
+* Updated Bson to 0.1.9 to fix ARM support (Issue #985)
+
+1.3.6 2013-05-21
+----------------
+* Fixed issue where single server reconnect attempt would throw due to missing options variable (Issue #979)
+* Fixed issue where difference in ismaster server name and seed list caused connections issues, (Issue #976)
+
+1.3.5 2013-05-14
+----------------
+* Fixed issue where HA for replicaset would pick the same broken connection when attempting to ping the replicaset causing the replicaset to never recover.
+
+1.3.4 2013-05-14
+----------------
+* Fixed bug where options not correctly passed in for uri parser (Issue #973, https://github.com/supershabam)
+* Fixed bug when passing a named index hint (Issue #974)
+
+1.3.3 2013-05-09
+----------------
+* Fixed auto-reconnect issue with single server instance.
+
+1.3.2 2013-05-08
+----------------
+* Fixes for an issue where replicaset would be pronounced dead when high priority primary caused double elections.
+
+1.3.1 2013-05-06
+----------------
+* Fix for replicaset consisting of primary/secondary/arbiter with priority applied failing to reconnect properly
+* Applied auth before server instance is set as connected when single server connection
+* Throw error if array of documents passed to save method
+
+1.3.0 2013-04-25
+----------------
+* Whole High availability handling for Replicaset, Server and Mongos connections refactored to ensure better handling of failover cases.
+* Fixed issue where findAndModify would not correctly skip issuing of chained getLastError (Issue #941)
+* Fixed throw error issue on errors with findAndModify during write out operation (Issue #939, https://github.com/autopulated)
+* Gridstore.prototype.writeFile now returns gridstore object correctly (Issue #938)
+* Kerberos support is now an optional module that allows for use of GSSAPI authentication using MongoDB Subscriber edition
+* Fixed issue where cursor.toArray could blow the stack on node 0.10.X (#950)
+
+1.2.14 2013-03-14
+-----------------
+* Refactored test suite to speed up running of replicaset tests
+* Fix of async error handling when error happens in callback (Issue #909, https://github.com/medikoo)
+* Corrected a slaveOk setting issue (Issue #906, #905)
+* Fixed HA issue where ping's would not go to correct server on HA server connection failure.
+* Uses setImmediate if on 0.10 otherwise nextTick for cursor stream
+* Fixed race condition in Cursor stream (NODE-31)
+* Fixed issues related to node 0.10 and process.nextTick now correctly using setImmediate where needed on node 0.10
+* Added support for maxMessageSizeBytes if available (DRIVERS-1)
+* Added support for authSource (2.4) to MongoClient URL and db.authenticate method (DRIVER-69/NODE-34)
+* Fixed issue in GridStore seek and GridStore read to correctly work on multiple seeks (Issue #895)
+
+1.2.13 2013-02-22
+-----------------
+* Allow strategy 'none' for repliaset if no strategy wanted (will default to round robin selection of servers on a set readPreference)
+* Fixed missing MongoErrors on some cursor methods (Issue #882)
+* Correctly returning a null for the db instance on MongoClient.connect when auth fails (Issue #890)
+* Added dropTarget option support for renameCollection/rename (Issue #891, help from https://github.com/jbottigliero)
+* Fixed issue where connection using MongoClient.connect would fail if first server did not exist (Issue #885)
+
+1.2.12 2013-02-13
+-----------------
+* Added limit/skip options to Collection.count (Issue #870)
+* Added applySkipLimit option to Cursor.count (Issue #870)
+* Enabled ping strategy as default for Replicaset if none specified (Issue #876)
+* Should correctly pick nearest server for SECONDARY/SECONDARY_PREFERRED/NEAREST (Issue #878)
+
+1.2.11 2013-01-29
+-----------------
+* Added fixes for handling type 2 binary due to PHP driver (Issue #864)
+* Moved callBackStore to Base class to have single unified store (Issue #866)
+* Ping strategy now reuses sockets unless they are closed by the server to avoid overhead
+
+1.2.10 2013-01-25
+-----------------
+* Merged in SSL support for 2.4 supporting certificate validation and presenting certificates to the server.
+* Only open a new HA socket when previous one dead (Issue #859, #857)
+* Minor fixes
+
+1.2.9 2013-01-15
+----------------
+* Fixed bug in SSL support for MongoClient/Db.connect when discovering servers (Issue #849)
+* Connection string with no db specified should default to admin db (Issue #848)
+* Support port passed as string to Server class (Issue #844)
+* Removed noOpen support for MongoClient/Db.connect as auto discovery of servers for Mongod/Mongos makes it not possible (Issue #842)
+* Included toError wrapper code moved to utils.js file (Issue #839, #840)
+* Rewrote cursor handling to avoid process.nextTick using trampoline instead to avoid stack overflow, speedup about 40%
+
+1.2.8 2013-01-07
+----------------
+* Accept function in a Map Reduce scope object not only a function string (Issue #826, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Typo in db.authenticate caused a check (for provided connection) to return false, causing a connection AND onAll=true to be passed into __executeQueryCommand downstream (Issue #831, https://github.com/m4tty)
+* Allow gridfs objects to use non ObjectID ids (Issue #825, https://github.com/nailgun)
+* Removed the double wrap, by not passing an Error object to the wrap function (Issue #832, https://github.com/m4tty)
+* Fix connection leak (gh-827) for HA replicaset health checks (Issue #833, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Modified findOne to use nextObject instead of toArray avoiding a nextTick operation (Issue #836)
+* Fixes for cursor stream to avoid multiple getmore issues when one in progress (Issue #818)
+* Fixes .open replaying all backed up commands correctly if called after operations performed, (Issue #829 and #823)
+
+1.2.7 2012-12-23
+----------------
+* Rolled back batches as they hang in certain situations
+* Fixes for NODE-25, keep reading from secondaries when primary goes down
+
+1.2.6 2012-12-21
+----------------
+* domain sockets shouldn't require a port arg (Issue #815, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Cannot read property 'info' of null (Issue #809, https://github.com/thesmart)
+* Cursor.each should work in batches (Issue #804, https://github.com/Swatinem)
+* Cursor readPreference bug for non-supported read preferences (Issue #817)
+
+1.2.5 2012-12-12
+----------------
+* Fixed ssl regression, added more test coverage (Issue #800)
+* Added better error reporting to the Db.connect if no valid serverConfig setup found (Issue #798)
+
+1.2.4 2012-12-11
+----------------
+* Fix to ensure authentication is correctly applied across all secondaries when using MongoClient.
+
+1.2.3 2012-12-10
+----------------
+* Fix for new replicaset members correctly authenticating when being added (Issue #791, https://github.com/m4tty)
+* Fixed seek issue in gridstore when using stream (Issue #790)
+
+1.2.2 2012-12-03
+----------------
+* Fix for journal write concern not correctly being passed under some circumstances.
+* Fixed correct behavior and re-auth for servers that get stepped down (Issue #779).
+
+1.2.1 2012-11-30
+----------------
+* Fix for double callback on insert with w:0 specified (Issue #783)
+* Small cleanup of urlparser.
+
+1.2.0 2012-11-27
+----------------
+* Honor connectTimeoutMS option for replicasets (Issue #750, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Fix ping strategy regression (Issue #738, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Small cleanup of code (Issue #753, https://github.com/sokra/node-mongodb-native)
+* Fixed index declaration using objects/arrays from other contexts (Issue #755, https://github.com/sokra/node-mongodb-native)
+* Intermittent (and rare) null callback exception when using ReplicaSets (Issue #752)
+* Force correct setting of read_secondary based on the read preference (Issue #741)
+* If using read preferences with secondaries queries will not fail if primary is down (Issue #744)
+* noOpen connection for Db.connect removed as not compatible with autodetection of Mongo type
+* Mongos connection with auth not working (Issue #737)
+* Use the connect method directly from the require. require('mongodb')("mongodb://localhost:27017/db")
+* new MongoClient introduced as the point of connecting to MongoDB's instead of the Db
+  * open/close/db/connect methods implemented
+* Implemented common URL connection format using MongoClient.connect allowing for simialar interface across all drivers.
+* Fixed a bug with aggregation helper not properly accepting readPreference
+
+1.1.11 2012-10-10
+-----------------
+* Removed strict mode and introduced normal handling of safe at DB level.
+
+1.1.10 2012-10-08
+-----------------
+* fix Admin.serverStatus (Issue #723, https://github.com/Contra)
+* logging on connection open/close(Issue #721, https://github.com/asiletto)
+* more fixes for windows bson install (Issue #724)
+
+1.1.9 2012-10-05
+----------------
+* Updated bson to 0.1.5 to fix build problem on sunos/windows.
+
+1.1.8 2012-10-01
+----------------
+* Fixed db.eval to correctly handle system.js global javascript functions (Issue #709)
+* Cleanup of non-closing connections (Issue #706)
+* More cleanup of connections under replicaset (Issue #707, https://github.com/elbert3)
+* Set keepalive on as default, override if not needed
+* Cleanup of jsbon install to correctly build without install.js script (https://github.com/shtylman)
+* Added domain socket support new Server("/tmp/mongodb.sock") style
+
+1.1.7 2012-09-10
+----------------
+* Protect against starting PingStrategy being called more than once (Issue #694, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Make PingStrategy interval configurable (was 1 second, relaxed to 5) (Issue #693, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Made PingStrategy api more consistant, callback to start/stop methods are optional (Issue #693, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Proper stopping of strategy on replicaset stop
+* Throw error when gridstore file is not found in read mode (Issue #702, https://github.com/jbrumwell)
+* Cursor stream resume now using nextTick to avoid duplicated records (Issue #696)
+
+1.1.6 2012-09-01
+----------------
+* Fix for readPreference NEAREST for replicasets (Issue #693, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Emit end correctly on stream cursor (Issue #692, https://github.com/Raynos)
+
+1.1.5 2012-08-29
+----------------
+* Fix for eval on replicaset Issue #684
+* Use helpful error msg when native parser not compiled (Issue #685, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Arbiter connect hotfix (Issue #681, https://github.com/fengmk2)
+* Upgraded bson parser to 0.1.2 using gyp, deprecated support for node 0.4.X
+* Added name parameter to createIndex/ensureIndex to be able to override index names larger than 128 bytes
+* Added exhaust option for find for feature completion (not recommended for normal use)
+* Added tailableRetryInterval to find for tailable cursors to allow to control getMore retry time interval
+* Fixes for read preferences when using MongoS to correctly handle no read preference set when iterating over a cursor (Issue #686)
+
+1.1.4 2012-08-12
+----------------
+* Added Mongos connection type with a fallback list for mongos proxies, supports ha (on by default) and will attempt to reconnect to failed proxies.
+* Documents can now have a toBSON method that lets the user control the serialization behavior for documents being saved.
+* Gridstore instance object now works as a readstream or writestream (thanks to code from Aaron heckmann (https://github.com/aheckmann/gridfs-stream)).
+* Fix gridfs readstream (Issue #607, https://github.com/tedeh).
+* Added disableDriverBSONSizeCheck property to Server.js for people who wish to push the inserts to the limit (Issue #609).
+* Fixed bug where collection.group keyf given as Code is processed as a regular object (Issue #608, https://github.com/rrusso2007).
+* Case mismatch between driver's ObjectID and mongo's ObjectId, allow both (Issue #618).
+* Cleanup map reduce (Issue #614, https://github.com/aheckmann).
+* Add proper error handling to gridfs (Issue #615, https://github.com/aheckmann).
+* Ensure cursor is using same connection for all operations to avoid potential jump of servers when using replicasets.
+* Date identification handled correctly in bson js parser when running in vm context.
+* Documentation updates
+* GridStore filename not set on read (Issue #621)
+* Optimizations on the C++ bson parser to fix a potential memory leak and avoid non-needed calls
+* Added support for awaitdata for tailable cursors (Issue #624)
+* Implementing read preference setting at collection and cursor level
+   * collection.find().setReadPreference(Server.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+   * db.collection("some", {readPreference:Server.SECONDARY})
+* Replicaset now returns when the master is discovered on db.open and lets the rest of the connections happen asynchronous.
+  * ReplSet/ReplSetServers emits "fullsetup" when all servers have been connected to
+* Prevent callback from executing more than once in getMore function (Issue #631, https://github.com/shankar0306)
+* Corrupt bson messages now errors out to all callbacks and closes up connections correctly, Issue #634
+* Replica set member status update when primary changes bug (Issue #635, https://github.com/alinsilvian)
+* Fixed auth to work better when multiple connections are involved.
+* Default connection pool size increased to 5 connections.
+* Fixes for the ReadStream class to work properly with 0.8 of Node.js
+* Added explain function support to aggregation helper
+* Added socketTimeoutMS and connectTimeoutMS to socket options for repl_set.js and server.js
+* Fixed addUser to correctly handle changes in 2.2 for getLastError authentication required
+* Added index to gridstore chunks on file_id (Issue #649, https://github.com/jacobbubu)
+* Fixed Always emit db events (Issue #657)
+* Close event not correctly resets DB openCalled variable to allow reconnect
+* Added open event on connection established for replicaset, mongos and server
+* Much faster BSON C++ parser thanks to Lucasfilm Singapore.
+* Refactoring of replicaset connection logic to simplify the code.
+* Add `options.connectArbiter` to decide connect arbiters or not (Issue #675)
+* Minor optimization for findAndModify when not using j,w or fsync for safe
+
+1.0.2 2012-05-15
+----------------
+* Reconnect functionality for replicaset fix for mongodb 2.0.5
+
+1.0.1 2012-05-12
+----------------
+* Passing back getLastError object as 3rd parameter on findAndModify command.
+* Fixed a bunch of performance regressions in objectId and cursor.
+* Fixed issue #600 allowing for single document delete to be passed in remove command.
+
+1.0.0 2012-04-25
+----------------
+* Fixes to handling of failover on server error
+* Only emits error messages if there are error listeners to avoid uncaught events
+* Server.isConnected using the server state variable not the connection pool state
+
+0.9.9.8 2012-04-12
+------------------
+* _id=0 is being turned into an ObjectID (Issue #551)
+* fix for error in GridStore write method (Issue #559)
+* Fix for reading a GridStore from arbitrary, non-chunk aligned offsets, added test (Issue #563, https://github.com/subroutine)
+* Modified limitRequest to allow negative limits to pass through to Mongo, added test (Issue #561)
+* Corrupt GridFS files when chunkSize < fileSize, fixed concurrency issue (Issue #555)
+* Handle dead tailable cursors (Issue #568, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Connection pools handles closing themselves down and clearing the state
+* Check bson size of documents against maxBsonSize and throw client error instead of server error, (Issue #553)
+* Returning update status document at the end of the callback for updates, (Issue #569)
+* Refactor use of Arguments object to gain performance (Issue #574, https://github.com/AaronAsAChimp)
+
+0.9.9.7 2012-03-16
+------------------
+* Stats not returned from map reduce with inline results (Issue #542)
+* Re-enable testing of whether or not the callback is called in the multi-chunk seek, fix small GridStore bug (Issue #543, https://github.com/pgebheim)
+* Streaming large files from GridFS causes truncation (Issue #540)
+* Make callback type checks agnostic to V8 context boundaries (Issue #545)
+* Correctly throw error if an attempt is made to execute an insert/update/remove/createIndex/ensureIndex with safe enabled and no callback
+* Db.open throws if the application attemps to call open again without calling close first
+
+0.9.9.6 2012-03-12
+------------------
+* BSON parser is externalized in it's own repository, currently using git master
+* Fixes for Replicaset connectivity issue (Issue #537)
+* Fixed issues with node 0.4.X vs 0.6.X (Issue #534)
+* Removed SimpleEmitter and replaced with standard EventEmitter
+* GridStore.seek fails to change chunks and call callback when in read mode (Issue #532)
+
+0.9.9.5 2012-03-07
+------------------
+* Merged in replSetGetStatus helper to admin class (Issue #515, https://github.com/mojodna)
+* Merged in serverStatus helper to admin class (Issue #516, https://github.com/mojodna)
+* Fixed memory leak in C++ bson parser (Issue #526)
+* Fix empty MongoError "message" property (Issue #530, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Cannot save files with the same file name to GridFS (Issue #531)
+
+0.9.9.4 2012-02-26
+------------------
+* bugfix for findAndModify: Error: corrupt bson message < 5 bytes long (Issue #519)
+
+0.9.9.3 2012-02-23
+------------------
+* document: save callback arguments are both undefined, (Issue #518)
+* Native BSON parser install error with npm, (Issue #517)
+
+0.9.9.2 2012-02-17
+------------------
+* Improved detection of Buffers using Buffer.isBuffer instead of instanceof.
+* Added wrap error around db.dropDatabase to catch all errors (Issue #512)
+* Added aggregate helper to collection, only for MongoDB >= 2.1
+
+0.9.9.1 2012-02-15
+------------------
+* Better handling of safe when using some commands such as createIndex, ensureIndex, addUser, removeUser, createCollection.
+* Mapreduce now throws error if out parameter is not specified.
+
+0.9.9 2012-02-13
+----------------
+* Added createFromTime method on ObjectID to allow for queries against _id more easily using the timestamp.
+* Db.close(true) now makes connection unusable as it's been force closed by app.
+* Fixed mapReduce and group functions to correctly send slaveOk on queries.
+* Fixes for find method to correctly work with find(query, fields, callback) (Issue #506).
+* A fix for connection error handling when using the SSL on MongoDB.
+
+0.9.8-7 2012-02-06
+------------------
+* Simplified findOne to use the find command instead of the custom code (Issue #498).
+* BSON JS parser not also checks for _bsonType variable in case BSON object is in weird scope (Issue #495).
+
+0.9.8-6 2012-02-04
+------------------
+* Removed the check for replicaset change code as it will never work with node.js.
+
+0.9.8-5 2012-02-02
+------------------
+* Added geoNear command to Collection.
+* Added geoHaystackSearch command to Collection.
+* Added indexes command to collection to retrieve the indexes on a Collection.
+* Added stats command to collection to retrieve the statistics on a Collection.
+* Added listDatabases command to admin object to allow retrieval of all available dbs.
+* Changed createCreateIndexCommand to work better with options.
+* Fixed dereference method on Db class to correctly dereference Db reference objects.
+* Moved connect object onto Db class(Db.connect) as well as keeping backward compatibility.
+* Removed writeBuffer method from gridstore, write handles switching automatically now.
+* Changed readBuffer to read on Gridstore, Gridstore now only supports Binary Buffers no Strings anymore.
+* Moved Long class to bson directory.
+
+0.9.8-4 2012-01-28
+------------------
+* Added reIndex command to collection and db level.
+* Added support for $returnKey, $maxScan, $min, $max, $showDiskLoc, $comment to cursor and find/findOne methods.
+* Added dropDups and v option to createIndex and ensureIndex.
+* Added isCapped method to Collection.
+* Added indexExists method to Collection.
+* Added findAndRemove method to Collection.
+* Fixed bug for replicaset connection when no active servers in the set.
+* Fixed bug for replicaset connections when errors occur during connection.
+* Merged in patch for BSON Number handling from Lee Salzman, did some small fixes and added test coverage.
+
+0.9.8-3 2012-01-21
+------------------
+* Workaround for issue with Object.defineProperty (Issue #484)
+* ObjectID generation with date does not set rest of fields to zero (Issue #482)
+
+0.9.8-2 2012-01-20
+------------------
+* Fixed a missing this in the ReplSetServers constructor.
+
+0.9.8-1 2012-01-17
+------------------
+* FindAndModify bug fix for duplicate errors (Issue #481)
+
+0.9.8 2012-01-17
+----------------
+* Replicasets now correctly adjusts to live changes in the replicaset configuration on the servers, reconnecting correctly.
+  * Set the interval for checking for changes setting the replicaSetCheckInterval property when creating the ReplSetServers instance or on db.serverConfig.replicaSetCheckInterval. (default 1000 miliseconds)
+* Fixes formattedOrderClause in collection.js to accept a plain hash as a parameter (Issue #469) https://github.com/tedeh
+* Removed duplicate code for formattedOrderClause and moved to utils module
+* Pass in poolSize for ReplSetServers to set default poolSize for new replicaset members
+* Bug fix for BSON JS deserializer. Isolating the eval functions in separate functions to avoid V8 deoptimizations
+* Correct handling of illegal BSON messages during deserialization
+* Fixed Infinite loop when reading GridFs file with no chunks (Issue #471)
+* Correctly update existing user password when using addUser (Issue #470)
+
+0.9.7.3-5 2012-01-04
+--------------------
+* Fix for RegExp serialization for 0.4.X where typeof /regexp/ == 'function' vs in 0.6.X typeof /regexp/ == 'object'
+* Don't allow keepAlive and setNoDelay for 0.4.X as it throws errors
+
+0.9.7.3-4 2012-01-04
+--------------------
+* Chased down potential memory leak on findAndModify, Issue #467 (node.js removeAllListeners leaves the key in the _events object, node.js bug on eventlistener?, leads to extremely slow memory leak on listener object)
+* Sanity checks for GridFS performance with benchmark added
+
+0.9.7.3-3 2012-01-04
+--------------------
+* Bug fixes for performance issues going form 0.9.6.X to 0.9.7.X on linux
+* BSON bug fixes for performance
+
+0.9.7.3-2 2012-01-02
+--------------------
+* Fixed up documentation to reflect the preferred way of instantiating bson types
+* GC bug fix for JS bson parser to avoid stop-and-go GC collection
+
+0.9.7.3-1 2012-01-02
+--------------------
+* Fix to make db.bson_serializer and db.bson_deserializer work as it did previously
+
+0.9.7.3 2011-12-30
+--------------------
+* Moved BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT from BSON object to Binary object and removed the BSON_BINARY_ prefixes
+* Removed Native BSON types, C++ parser uses JS types (faster due to cost of crossing the JS-C++ barrier for each call)
+* Added build fix for 0.4.X branch of Node.js where GetOwnPropertyNames is not defined in v8
+* Fix for wire protocol parser for corner situation where the message is larger than the maximum socket buffer in node.js (Issue #464, #461, #447)
+* Connection pool status set to connected on poolReady, isConnected returns false on anything but connected status (Issue #455)
+
+0.9.7.2-5 2011-12-22
+--------------------
+* Brand spanking new Streaming Cursor support Issue #458 (https://github.com/christkv/node-mongodb-native/pull/458) thanks to Mr Aaron Heckmann
+
+0.9.7.2-4 2011-12-21
+--------------------
+* Refactoring of callback code to work around performance regression on linux
+* Fixed group function to correctly use the command mode as default
+
+0.9.7.2-3 2011-12-18
+--------------------
+* Fixed error handling for findAndModify while still working for mongodb 1.8.6 (Issue #450).
+* Allow for force send query to primary, pass option (read:'primary') on find command.
+    * ``find({a:1}, {read:'primary'}).toArray(function(err, items) {});``
+
+0.9.7.2-2 2011-12-16
+--------------------
+* Fixes infinite streamRecords QueryFailure fix when using Mongos (Issue #442)
+
+0.9.7.2-1 2011-12-16
+--------------------
+* ~10% perf improvement for ObjectId#toHexString (Issue #448, https://github.com/aheckmann)
+* Only using process.nextTick on errors emitted on callbacks not on all parsing, reduces number of ticks in the driver
+* Changed parsing off bson messages to use process.nextTick to do bson parsing in batches if the message is over 10K as to yield more time to the event look increasing concurrency on big mongoreply messages with multiple documents
+
+0.9.7.2 2011-12-15
+------------------
+* Added SSL support for future version of mongodb (VERY VERY EXPERIMENTAL)
+    * pass in the ssl:true option to the server or replicaset server config to enable
+    * a bug either in mongodb or node.js does not allow for more than 1 connection pr db instance (poolSize:1).
+* Added getTimestamp() method to objectID that returns a date object
+* Added finalize function to collection.group
+    * function group (keys, condition, initial, reduce, finalize, command, callback)
+* Reaper no longer using setTimeout to handle reaping. Triggering is done in the general flow leading to predictable behavior.
+    * reaperInterval, set interval for reaper (default 10000 miliseconds)
+    * reaperTimeout, set timeout for calls (default 30000 miliseconds)
+    * reaper, enable/disable reaper (default false)
+* Work around for issues with findAndModify during high concurrency load, insure that the behavior is the same across the 1.8.X branch and 2.X branch of MongoDb
+* Reworked multiple db's sharing same connection pool to behave correctly on error, timeout and close
+* EnsureIndex command can be executed without a callback (Issue #438)
+* Eval function no accepts options including nolock (Issue #432)
+    * eval(code, parameters, options, callback) (where options = {nolock:true})
+
+0.9.7.1-4 2011-11-27
+--------------------
+* Replaced install.sh with install.js to install correctly on all supported os's
+
+0.9.7.1-3 2011-11-27
+--------------------
+* Fixes incorrect scope for ensureIndex error wrapping (Issue #419) https://github.com/ritch
+
+0.9.7.1-2 2011-11-27
+--------------------
+* Set statistical selection strategy as default for secondary choice.
+
+0.9.7.1-1 2011-11-27
+--------------------
+* Better handling of single server reconnect (fixes some bugs)
+* Better test coverage of single server failure
+* Correct handling of callbacks on replicaset servers when firewall dropping packets, correct reconnect
+
+0.9.7.1 2011-11-24
+------------------
+* Better handling of dead server for single server instances
+* FindOne and find treats selector == null as {}, Issue #403
+* Possible to pass in a strategy for the replicaset to pick secondary reader node
+    * parameter strategy
+        * ping (default), pings the servers and picks the one with the lowest ping time
+        * statistical, measures each request and pick the one with the lowest mean and std deviation
+* Set replicaset read preference replicaset.setReadPreference()
+    * Server.READ_PRIMARY (use primary server for reads)
+    * Server.READ_SECONDARY (from a secondary server (uses the strategy set))
+    * tags, {object of tags}
+* Added replay of commands issued to a closed connection when the connection is re-established
+* Fix isConnected and close on unopened connections. Issue #409, fix by (https://github.com/sethml)
+* Moved reaper to db.open instead of constructor (Issue #406)
+* Allows passing through of socket connection settings to Server or ReplSetServer under the option socketOptions
+    * timeout = set seconds before connection times out (default 0)
+    * noDelay = Disables the Nagle algorithm (default true)
+    * keepAlive = Set if keepAlive is used (default 0, which means no keepAlive, set higher than 0 for keepAlive)
+    * encoding = ['ascii', 'utf8', or 'base64'] (default null)
+* Fixes for handling of errors during shutdown off a socket connection
+* Correctly applies socket options including timeout
+* Cleanup of test management code to close connections correctly
+* Handle parser errors better, closing down the connection and emitting an error
+* Correctly emit errors from server.js only wrapping errors that are strings
+
+0.9.7 2011-11-10
+----------------
+* Added priority setting to replicaset manager
+* Added correct handling of passive servers in replicaset
+* Reworked socket code for simpler clearer handling
+* Correct handling of connections in test helpers
+* Added control of retries on failure
+    * control with parameters retryMiliSeconds and numberOfRetries when creating a db instance
+* Added reaper that will timeout and cleanup queries that never return
+    * control with parameters reaperInterval and reaperTimeout when creating a db instance
+* Refactored test helper classes for replicaset tests
+* Allows raw (no bson parser mode for insert, update, remove, find and findOne)
+    * control raw mode passing in option raw:true on the commands
+    * will return buffers with the binary bson objects
+* Fixed memory leak in cursor.toArray
+* Fixed bug in command creation for mongodb server with wrong scope of call
+* Added db(dbName) method to db.js to allow for reuse of connections against other databases
+* Serialization of functions in an object is off by default, override with parameter
+    * serializeFunctions [true/false] on db level, collection level or individual insert/update/findAndModify
+* Added Long.fromString to c++ class and fixed minor bug in the code (Test case for $gt operator on 64-bit integers, Issue #394)
+* FindOne and find now share same code execution and will work in the same manner, Issue #399
+* Fix for tailable cursors, Issue #384
+* Fix for Cursor rewind broken, Issue #389
+* Allow Gridstore.exist to query using regexp, Issue #387, fix by (https://github.com/kaij)
+* Updated documentation on https://github.com/christkv/node-mongodb-native
+* Fixed toJSON methods across all objects for BSON, Binary return Base64 Encoded data
+
+0.9.6-22 2011-10-15
+-------------------
+* Fixed bug in js bson parser that could cause wrong object size on serialization, Issue #370
+* Fixed bug in findAndModify that did not throw error on replicaset timeout, Issue #373
+
+0.9.6-21 2011-10-05
+-------------------
+* Reworked reconnect code to work correctly
+* Handling errors in different parts of the code to ensure that it does not lock the connection
+* Consistent error handling for Object.createFromHexString for JS and C++
+
+0.9.6-20 2011-10-04
+-------------------
+* Reworked bson.js parser to get rid off Array.shift() due to it allocating new memory for each call. Speedup varies between 5-15% depending on doc
+* Reworked bson.cc to throw error when trying to serialize js bson types
+* Added MinKey, MaxKey and Double support for JS and C++ parser
+* Reworked socket handling code to emit errors on unparsable messages
+* Added logger option for Db class, lets you pass in a function in the shape
+    {
+        log : function(message, object) {},
+        error : function(errorMessage, errorObject) {},
+        debug : function(debugMessage, object) {},
+    }
+
+  Usage is new Db(new Server(..), {logger: loggerInstance})
+
+0.9.6-19 2011-09-29
+-------------------
+* Fixing compatibility issues between C++ bson parser and js parser
+* Added Symbol support to C++ parser
+* Fixed socket handling bug for seldom misaligned message from mongodb
+* Correctly handles serialization of functions using the C++ bson parser
+
+0.9.6-18 2011-09-22
+-------------------
+* Fixed bug in waitForConnection that would lead to 100% cpu usage, Issue #352
+
+0.9.6-17 2011-09-21
+-------------------
+* Fixed broken exception test causing bamboo to hang
+* Handling correctly command+lastError when both return results as in findAndModify, Issue #351
+
+0.9.6-16 2011-09-14
+-------------------
+* Fixing a bunch of issues with compatibility with MongoDB 2.0.X branch. Some fairly big changes in behavior from 1.8.X to 2.0.X on the server.
+* Error Connection MongoDB V2.0.0 with Auth=true, Issue #348
+
+0.9.6-15 2011-09-09
+-------------------
+* Fixed issue where pools would not be correctly cleaned up after an error, Issue #345
+* Fixed authentication issue with secondary servers in Replicaset, Issue #334
+* Duplicate replica-set servers when omitting port, Issue #341
+* Fixing findAndModify to correctly work with Replicasets ensuring proper error handling, Issue #336
+* Merged in code from (https://github.com/aheckmann) that checks for global variable leaks
+
+0.9.6-14 2011-09-05
+-------------------
+* Minor fixes for error handling in cursor streaming (https://github.com/sethml), Issue #332
+* Minor doc fixes
+* Some more cursor sort tests added, Issue #333
+* Fixes to work with 0.5.X branch
+* Fix Db not removing reconnect listener from serverConfig, (https://github.com/sbrekken), Issue #337
+* Removed node_events.h includes (https://github.com/jannehietamaki), Issue #339
+* Implement correct safe/strict mode for findAndModify.
+
+0.9.6-13 2011-08-24
+-------------------
+* Db names correctly error checked for illegal characters
+
+0.9.6-12 2011-08-24
+-------------------
+* Nasty bug in GridFS if you changed the default chunk size
+* Fixed error handling bug in findOne
+
+0.9.6-11 2011-08-23
+-------------------
+* Timeout option not correctly making it to the cursor, Issue #320, Fix from (https://github.com/year2013)
+* Fixes for memory leaks when using buffers and C++ parser
+* Fixes to make tests pass on 0.5.X
+* Cleanup of bson.js to remove duplicated code paths
+* Fix for errors occurring in ensureIndex, Issue #326
+* Removing require.paths to make tests work with the 0.5.X branch
+
+0.9.6-10 2011-08-11
+-------------------
+* Specific type Double for capped collections (https://github.com/mbostock), Issue #312
+* Decorating Errors with all all object info from Mongo (https://github.com/laurie71), Issue #308
+* Implementing fixes for mongodb 1.9.1 and higher to make tests pass
+* Admin validateCollection now takes an options argument for you to pass in full option
+* Implemented keepGoing parameter for mongodb 1.9.1 or higher, Issue #310
+* Added test for read_secondary count issue, merged in fix from (https://github.com/year2013), Issue #317
+
+0.9.6-9
+-------
+* Bug fix for bson parsing the key '':'' correctly without crashing
+
+0.9.6-8
+-------
+* Changed to using node.js crypto library MD5 digest
+* Connect method support documented mongodb: syntax by (https://github.com/sethml)
+* Support Symbol type for BSON, serializes to it's own type Symbol, Issue #302, #288
+* Code object without scope serializing to correct BSON type
+* Lot's of fixes to avoid double callbacks (https://github.com/aheckmann) Issue #304
+* Long deserializes as Number for values in the range -2^53 to 2^53, Issue #305 (https://github.com/sethml)
+* Fixed C++ parser to reflect JS parser handling of long deserialization
+* Bson small optimizations
+
+0.9.6-7 2011-07-13
+------------------
+* JS Bson deserialization bug #287
+
+0.9.6-6 2011-07-12
+------------------
+* FindAndModify not returning error message as other methods Issue #277
+* Added test coverage for $push, $pushAll and $inc atomic operations
+* Correct Error handling for non 12/24 bit ids on Pure JS ObjectID class Issue #276
+* Fixed terrible deserialization bug in js bson code #285
+* Fix by andrewjstone to avoid throwing errors when this.primary not defined
+
+0.9.6-5 2011-07-06
+------------------
+* Rewritten BSON js parser now faster than the C parser on my core2duo laptop
+* Added option full to indexInformation to get all index info Issue #265
+* Passing in ObjectID for new Gridstore works correctly Issue #272
+
+0.9.6-4 2011-07-01
+------------------
+* Added test and bug fix for insert/update/remove without callback supplied
+
+0.9.6-3 2011-07-01
+------------------
+* Added simple grid class called Grid with put, get, delete methods
+* Fixed writeBuffer/readBuffer methods on GridStore so they work correctly
+* Automatic handling of buffers when using write method on GridStore
+* GridStore now accepts a ObjectID instead of file name for write and read methods
+* GridStore.list accepts id option to return of file ids instead of filenames
+* GridStore close method returns document for the file allowing user to reference _id field
+
+0.9.6-2 2011-06-30
+------------------
+* Fixes for reconnect logic for server object (replays auth correctly)
+* More testcases for auth
+* Fixes in error handling for replicaset
+* Fixed bug with safe parameter that would fail to execute safe when passing w or wtimeout
+* Fixed slaveOk bug for findOne method
+* Implemented auth support for replicaset and test cases
+* Fixed error when not passing in rs_name
+
+0.9.6-1 2011-06-25
+------------------
+* Fixes for test to run properly using c++ bson parser
+* Fixes for dbref in native parser (correctly handles ref without db component)
+* Connection fixes for replicasets to avoid runtime conditions in cygwin (https://github.com/vincentcr)
+* Fixes for timestamp in js bson parser (distinct timestamp type now)
+
+0.9.6 2011-06-21
+----------------
+* Worked around npm version handling bug
+* Race condition fix for cygwin (https://github.com/vincentcr)
+
+0.9.5-1 2011-06-21
+------------------
+* Extracted Timestamp as separate class for bson js parser to avoid instanceof problems
+* Fixed driver strict mode issue
+
+0.9.5 2011-06-20
+----------------
+* Replicaset support (failover and reading from secondary servers)
+* Removed ServerPair and ServerCluster
+* Added connection pool functionality
+* Fixed serious bug in C++ bson parser where bytes > 127 would generate 2 byte sequences
+* Allows for forcing the server to assign ObjectID's using the option {forceServerObjectId: true}
+
+0.6.8
+-----
+* Removed multiple message concept from bson
+* Changed db.open(db) to be db.open(err, db)
+
+0.1 2010-01-30
+--------------
+* Initial release support of driver using native node.js interface
+* Supports gridfs specification
+* Supports admin functionality
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad410e113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76f0b4038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+# MongoDB NodeJS Driver
+
+[![npm](https://nodei.co/npm/mongodb.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/mongodb/)
+
+The official [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/) driver for Node.js.
+
+**NOTE: v3.x released with breaking API changes. You can find a list of changes [here](CHANGES_3.0.0.md).**
+
+## Version 4.0
+
+**Looking for the latest?** We're working on the next major version of the driver, now in beta.
+Check out our [beta version 4.0 here](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/tree/4.0), which includes a full migration of the driver to TypeScript.
+
+## Quick Links
+
+| what          | where                                                |
+| ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| documentation | http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native         |
+| api-doc       | http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api |
+| source        | https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native       |
+| mongodb       | http://www.mongodb.org                               |
+
+### Bugs / Feature Requests
+
+Think you’ve found a bug? Want to see a new feature in `node-mongodb-native`? Please open a
+case in our issue management tool, JIRA:
+
+- Create an account and login [jira.mongodb.org](https://jira.mongodb.org).
+- Navigate to the NODE project [jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE](https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE).
+- Click **Create Issue** - Please provide as much information as possible about the issue type and how to reproduce it.
+
+Bug reports in JIRA for all driver projects (i.e. NODE, PYTHON, CSHARP, JAVA) and the
+Core Server (i.e. SERVER) project are **public**.
+
+### Support / Feedback
+
+For issues with, questions about, or feedback for the Node.js driver, please look into our [support channels](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/support). Please do not email any of the driver developers directly with issues or questions - you're more likely to get an answer on the [MongoDB Community Forums](https://community.mongodb.com/tags/c/drivers-odms-connectors/7/node-js-driver).
+
+### Change Log
+
+Change history can be found in [`HISTORY.md`](HISTORY.md).
+
+### Compatibility
+
+For version compatibility matrices, please refer to the following links:
+
+- [MongoDB](https://docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/driver-compatibility-reference/#reference-compatibility-mongodb-node)
+- [NodeJS](https://docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/driver-compatibility-reference/#reference-compatibility-language-node)
+
+## Installation
+
+The recommended way to get started using the Node.js driver is by using `npm` (Node Package Manager) to install the dependency in your project.
+
+## MongoDB Driver
+
+Given that you have created your own project using `npm init` we install the MongoDB driver and its dependencies by executing the following `npm` command.
+
+```bash
+npm install mongodb --save
+```
+
+This will download the MongoDB driver and add a dependency entry in your `package.json` file.
+
+You can also use the [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/en) package manager.
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+The MongoDB driver depends on several other packages. These are:
+
+- [bson](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson)
+- [bson-ext](https://github.com/mongodb-js/bson-ext)
+- [kerberos](https://github.com/mongodb-js/kerberos)
+- [mongodb-client-encryption](https://github.com/mongodb/libmongocrypt#readme)
+
+The `kerberos` package is a C++ extension that requires a build environment to be installed on your system. You must be able to build Node.js itself in order to compile and install the `kerberos` module. Furthermore, the `kerberos` module requires the MIT Kerberos package to correctly compile on UNIX operating systems. Consult your UNIX operation system package manager for what libraries to install.
+
+**Windows already contains the SSPI API used for Kerberos authentication. However, you will need to install a full compiler tool chain using Visual Studio C++ to correctly install the Kerberos extension.**
+
+### Diagnosing on UNIX
+
+If you don’t have the build-essentials, this module won’t build. In the case of Linux, you will need gcc, g++, Node.js with all the headers and Python. The easiest way to figure out what’s missing is by trying to build the Kerberos project. You can do this by performing the following steps.
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/mongodb-js/kerberos
+cd kerberos
+npm install
+```
+
+If all the steps complete, you have the right toolchain installed. If you get the error "node-gyp not found," you need to install `node-gyp` globally:
+
+```bash
+npm install -g node-gyp
+```
+
+If it correctly compiles and runs the tests you are golden. We can now try to install the `mongod` driver by performing the following command.
+
+```bash
+cd yourproject
+npm install mongodb --save
+```
+
+If it still fails the next step is to examine the npm log. Rerun the command but in this case in verbose mode.
+
+```bash
+npm --loglevel verbose install mongodb
+```
+
+This will print out all the steps npm is performing while trying to install the module.
+
+### Diagnosing on Windows
+
+A compiler tool chain known to work for compiling `kerberos` on Windows is the following.
+
+- Visual Studio C++ 2010 (do not use higher versions)
+- Windows 7 64bit SDK
+- Python 2.7 or higher
+
+Open the Visual Studio command prompt. Ensure `node.exe` is in your path and install `node-gyp`.
+
+```bash
+npm install -g node-gyp
+```
+
+Next, you will have to build the project manually to test it. Clone the repo, install dependencies and rebuild:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/christkv/kerberos.git
+cd kerberos
+npm install
+node-gyp rebuild
+```
+
+This should rebuild the driver successfully if you have everything set up correctly.
+
+### Other possible issues
+
+Your Python installation might be hosed making gyp break. Test your deployment environment first by trying to build Node.js itself on the server in question, as this should unearth any issues with broken packages (and there are a lot of broken packages out there).
+
+Another tip is to ensure your user has write permission to wherever the Node.js modules are being installed.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+This guide will show you how to set up a simple application using Node.js and MongoDB. Its scope is only how to set up the driver and perform the simple CRUD operations. For more in-depth coverage, see the [tutorials](docs/reference/content/tutorials/main.md).
+
+### Create the `package.json` file
+
+First, create a directory where your application will live.
+
+```bash
+mkdir myproject
+cd myproject
+```
+
+Enter the following command and answer the questions to create the initial structure for your new project:
+
+```bash
+npm init
+```
+
+Next, install the driver dependency.
+
+```bash
+npm install mongodb --save
+```
+
+You should see **NPM** download a lot of files. Once it's done you'll find all the downloaded packages under the **node_modules** directory.
+
+### Start a MongoDB Server
+
+For complete MongoDB installation instructions, see [the manual](https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/installation/).
+
+1. Download the right MongoDB version from [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.org/downloads)
+2. Create a database directory (in this case under **/data**).
+3. Install and start a `mongod` process.
+
+```bash
+mongod --dbpath=/data
+```
+
+You should see the **mongod** process start up and print some status information.
+
+### Connect to MongoDB
+
+Create a new **app.js** file and add the following code to try out some basic CRUD
+operations using the MongoDB driver.
+
+Add code to connect to the server and the database **myproject**:
+
+```js
+const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// Connection URL
+const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+
+// Database Name
+const dbName = 'myproject';
+const client = new MongoClient(url);
+// Use connect method to connect to the server
+client.connect(function(err) {
+  assert.equal(null, err);
+  console.log('Connected successfully to server');
+
+  const db = client.db(dbName);
+
+  client.close();
+});
+```
+
+Run your app from the command line with:
+
+```bash
+node app.js
+```
+
+The application should print **Connected successfully to server** to the console.
+
+### Insert a Document
+
+Add to **app.js** the following function which uses the **insertMany**
+method to add three documents to the **documents** collection.
+
+```js
+const insertDocuments = function(db, callback) {
+  // Get the documents collection
+  const collection = db.collection('documents');
+  // Insert some documents
+  collection.insertMany([{ a: 1 }, { a: 2 }, { a: 3 }], function(err, result) {
+    assert.equal(err, null);
+    assert.equal(3, result.result.n);
+    assert.equal(3, result.ops.length);
+    console.log('Inserted 3 documents into the collection');
+    callback(result);
+  });
+};
+```
+
+The **insert** command returns an object with the following fields:
+
+- **result** Contains the result document from MongoDB
+- **ops** Contains the documents inserted with added **\_id** fields
+- **connection** Contains the connection used to perform the insert
+
+Add the following code to call the **insertDocuments** function:
+
+```js
+const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// Connection URL
+const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+
+// Database Name
+const dbName = 'myproject';
+
+// Use connect method to connect to the server
+MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+  assert.equal(null, err);
+  console.log('Connected successfully to server');
+
+  const db = client.db(dbName);
+
+  insertDocuments(db, function() {
+    client.close();
+  });
+});
+```
+
+Run the updated **app.js** file:
+
+```bash
+node app.js
+```
+
+The operation returns the following output:
+
+```bash
+Connected successfully to server
+Inserted 3 documents into the collection
+```
+
+### Find All Documents
+
+Add a query that returns all the documents.
+
+```js
+const findDocuments = function(db, callback) {
+  // Get the documents collection
+  const collection = db.collection('documents');
+  // Find some documents
+  collection.find({}).toArray(function(err, docs) {
+    assert.equal(err, null);
+    console.log('Found the following records');
+    console.log(docs);
+    callback(docs);
+  });
+};
+```
+
+This query returns all the documents in the **documents** collection. Add the **findDocument** method to the **MongoClient.connect** callback:
+
+```js
+const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// Connection URL
+const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+
+// Database Name
+const dbName = 'myproject';
+
+// Use connect method to connect to the server
+MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+  assert.equal(null, err);
+  console.log('Connected correctly to server');
+
+  const db = client.db(dbName);
+
+  insertDocuments(db, function() {
+    findDocuments(db, function() {
+      client.close();
+    });
+  });
+});
+```
+
+### Find Documents with a Query Filter
+
+Add a query filter to find only documents which meet the query criteria.
+
+```js
+const findDocuments = function(db, callback) {
+  // Get the documents collection
+  const collection = db.collection('documents');
+  // Find some documents
+  collection.find({ a: 3 }).toArray(function(err, docs) {
+    assert.equal(err, null);
+    console.log('Found the following records');
+    console.log(docs);
+    callback(docs);
+  });
+};
+```
+
+Only the documents which match `'a' : 3` should be returned.
+
+### Update a document
+
+The following operation updates a document in the **documents** collection.
+
+```js
+const updateDocument = function(db, callback) {
+  // Get the documents collection
+  const collection = db.collection('documents');
+  // Update document where a is 2, set b equal to 1
+  collection.updateOne({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }, function(err, result) {
+    assert.equal(err, null);
+    assert.equal(1, result.result.n);
+    console.log('Updated the document with the field a equal to 2');
+    callback(result);
+  });
+};
+```
+
+The method updates the first document where the field **a** is equal to **2** by adding a new field **b** to the document set to **1**. Next, update the callback function from **MongoClient.connect** to include the update method.
+
+```js
+const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// Connection URL
+const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+
+// Database Name
+const dbName = 'myproject';
+
+// Use connect method to connect to the server
+MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+  assert.equal(null, err);
+  console.log('Connected successfully to server');
+
+  const db = client.db(dbName);
+
+  insertDocuments(db, function() {
+    updateDocument(db, function() {
+      client.close();
+    });
+  });
+});
+```
+
+### Remove a document
+
+Remove the document where the field **a** is equal to **3**.
+
+```js
+const removeDocument = function(db, callback) {
+  // Get the documents collection
+  const collection = db.collection('documents');
+  // Delete document where a is 3
+  collection.deleteOne({ a: 3 }, function(err, result) {
+    assert.equal(err, null);
+    assert.equal(1, result.result.n);
+    console.log('Removed the document with the field a equal to 3');
+    callback(result);
+  });
+};
+```
+
+Add the new method to the **MongoClient.connect** callback function.
+
+```js
+const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// Connection URL
+const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+
+// Database Name
+const dbName = 'myproject';
+
+// Use connect method to connect to the server
+MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+  assert.equal(null, err);
+  console.log('Connected successfully to server');
+
+  const db = client.db(dbName);
+
+  insertDocuments(db, function() {
+    updateDocument(db, function() {
+      removeDocument(db, function() {
+        client.close();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
+```
+
+### Index a Collection
+
+[Indexes](https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/indexes/) can improve your application's
+performance. The following function creates an index on the **a** field in the
+**documents** collection.
+
+```js
+const indexCollection = function(db, callback) {
+  db.collection('documents').createIndex({ a: 1 }, null, function(err, results) {
+    console.log(results);
+    callback();
+  });
+};
+```
+
+Add the `indexCollection` method to your app:
+
+```js
+const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// Connection URL
+const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+
+const dbName = 'myproject';
+
+// Use connect method to connect to the server
+MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+  assert.equal(null, err);
+  console.log('Connected successfully to server');
+
+  const db = client.db(dbName);
+
+  insertDocuments(db, function() {
+    indexCollection(db, function() {
+      client.close();
+    });
+  });
+});
+```
+
+For more detailed information, see the [tutorials](docs/reference/content/tutorials/main.md).
+
+## Next Steps
+
+- [MongoDB Documentation](http://mongodb.org)
+- [Read about Schemas](http://learnmongodbthehardway.com)
+- [Star us on GitHub](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native)
+
+## License
+
+[Apache 2.0](LICENSE.md)
+
+© 2009-2012 Christian Amor Kvalheim
+© 2012-present MongoDB [Contributors](CONTRIBUTORS.md)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e9e6359e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Core module
+const core = require('./lib/core');
+const Instrumentation = require('./lib/apm');
+
+// Set up the connect function
+const connect = require('./lib/mongo_client').connect;
+
+// Expose error class
+connect.MongoError = core.MongoError;
+connect.MongoNetworkError = core.MongoNetworkError;
+connect.MongoTimeoutError = core.MongoTimeoutError;
+connect.MongoServerSelectionError = core.MongoServerSelectionError;
+connect.MongoParseError = core.MongoParseError;
+connect.MongoWriteConcernError = core.MongoWriteConcernError;
+connect.MongoBulkWriteError = require('./lib/bulk/common').BulkWriteError;
+connect.BulkWriteError = connect.MongoBulkWriteError;
+
+// Actual driver classes exported
+connect.Admin = require('./lib/admin');
+connect.MongoClient = require('./lib/mongo_client');
+connect.Db = require('./lib/db');
+connect.Collection = require('./lib/collection');
+connect.Server = require('./lib/topologies/server');
+connect.ReplSet = require('./lib/topologies/replset');
+connect.Mongos = require('./lib/topologies/mongos');
+connect.ReadPreference = core.ReadPreference;
+connect.GridStore = require('./lib/gridfs/grid_store');
+connect.Chunk = require('./lib/gridfs/chunk');
+connect.Logger = core.Logger;
+connect.AggregationCursor = require('./lib/aggregation_cursor');
+connect.CommandCursor = require('./lib/command_cursor');
+connect.Cursor = require('./lib/cursor');
+connect.GridFSBucket = require('./lib/gridfs-stream');
+// Exported to be used in tests not to be used anywhere else
+connect.CoreServer = core.Server;
+connect.CoreConnection = core.Connection;
+
+// BSON types exported
+connect.Binary = core.BSON.Binary;
+connect.Code = core.BSON.Code;
+connect.Map = core.BSON.Map;
+connect.DBRef = core.BSON.DBRef;
+connect.Double = core.BSON.Double;
+connect.Int32 = core.BSON.Int32;
+connect.Long = core.BSON.Long;
+connect.MinKey = core.BSON.MinKey;
+connect.MaxKey = core.BSON.MaxKey;
+connect.ObjectID = core.BSON.ObjectID;
+connect.ObjectId = core.BSON.ObjectID;
+connect.Symbol = core.BSON.Symbol;
+connect.Timestamp = core.BSON.Timestamp;
+connect.BSONRegExp = core.BSON.BSONRegExp;
+connect.Decimal128 = core.BSON.Decimal128;
+
+// Add connect method
+connect.connect = connect;
+
+// Set up the instrumentation method
+connect.instrument = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  const instrumentation = new Instrumentation();
+  instrumentation.instrument(connect.MongoClient, callback);
+  return instrumentation;
+};
+
+// Set our exports to be the connect function
+module.exports = connect;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/admin.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/admin.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c8164f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/admin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyWriteConcern = require('./utils').applyWriteConcern;
+
+const AddUserOperation = require('./operations/add_user');
+const ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation = require('./operations/execute_db_admin_command');
+const RemoveUserOperation = require('./operations/remove_user');
+const ValidateCollectionOperation = require('./operations/validate_collection');
+const ListDatabasesOperation = require('./operations/list_databases');
+
+const executeOperation = require('./operations/execute_operation');
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Admin** class is an internal class that allows convenient access to
+ * the admin functionality and commands for MongoDB.
+ *
+ * **ADMIN Cannot directly be instantiated**
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ *
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   // Use the admin database for the operation
+ *   const adminDb = client.db(dbName).admin();
+ *
+ *   // List all the available databases
+ *   adminDb.listDatabases(function(err, dbs) {
+ *     test.equal(null, err);
+ *     test.ok(dbs.databases.length > 0);
+ *     client.close();
+ *   });
+ * });
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Admin instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class
+ * @return {Admin} a collection instance.
+ */
+function Admin(db, topology, promiseLibrary) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Admin)) return new Admin(db, topology);
+
+  // Internal state
+  this.s = {
+    db: db,
+    topology: topology,
+    promiseLibrary: promiseLibrary
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback Admin~resultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {object} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} command The command hash
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.command = function(command, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+
+  const commandOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(this.s.db, command, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, commandOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the server information for the current
+ * instance of the db client
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional parameters for this operation
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.buildInfo = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const cmd = { buildinfo: 1 };
+
+  const buildInfoOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(this.s.db, cmd, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, buildInfoOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the server information for the current
+ * instance of the db client
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional parameters for this operation
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.serverInfo = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const cmd = { buildinfo: 1 };
+
+  const serverInfoOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(this.s.db, cmd, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, serverInfoOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve this db's server status.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional parameters for this operation
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.serverStatus = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const serverStatusOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(
+    this.s.db,
+    { serverStatus: 1 },
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, serverStatusOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ping the MongoDB server and retrieve results
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional parameters for this operation
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.ping = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const cmd = { ping: 1 };
+
+  const pingOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(this.s.db, cmd, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, pingOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add a user to the database.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} username The username.
+ * @param {string} password The password.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.fsync=false] **Deprecated** Specify a file sync write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.customData] Custom data associated with the user (only Mongodb 2.6 or higher)
+ * @param {object[]} [options.roles] Roles associated with the created user (only Mongodb 2.6 or higher)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.addUser = function(username, password, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+
+  // Special case where there is no password ($external users)
+  if (typeof username === 'string' && password != null && typeof password === 'object') {
+    options = password;
+    password = null;
+  }
+
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+  // Get the options
+  options = applyWriteConcern(options, { db: this.s.db });
+  // Set the db name to admin
+  options.dbName = 'admin';
+
+  const addUserOperation = new AddUserOperation(this.s.db, username, password, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, addUserOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove a user from a database
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} username The username.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.fsync=false] **Deprecated** Specify a file sync write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.removeUser = function(username, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+  // Get the options
+  options = applyWriteConcern(options, { db: this.s.db });
+  // Set the db name
+  options.dbName = 'admin';
+
+  const removeUserOperation = new RemoveUserOperation(this.s.db, username, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, removeUserOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Validate an existing collection
+ *
+ * @param {string} collectionName The name of the collection to validate.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.background] Validates a collection in the background, without interrupting read or write traffic (only in MongoDB 4.4+)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.validateCollection = function(collectionName, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const validateCollectionOperation = new ValidateCollectionOperation(
+    this,
+    collectionName,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, validateCollectionOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * List the available databases
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.nameOnly=false] Whether the command should return only db names, or names and size info.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.listDatabases = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.db.s.topology,
+    new ListDatabasesOperation(this.s.db, options),
+    callback
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get ReplicaSet status
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional parameters for this operation
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Admin.prototype.replSetGetStatus = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const replSetGetStatusOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(
+    this.s.db,
+    { replSetGetStatus: 1 },
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, replSetGetStatusOperation, callback);
+};
+
+module.exports = Admin;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/aggregation_cursor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/aggregation_cursor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..928973344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/aggregation_cursor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const Cursor = require('./cursor');
+const CursorState = require('./core/cursor').CursorState;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **AggregationCursor** class is an internal class that embodies an aggregation cursor on MongoDB
+ * allowing for iteration over the results returned from the underlying query. It supports
+ * one by one document iteration, conversion to an array or can be iterated as a Node 4.X
+ * or higher stream
+ *
+ * **AGGREGATIONCURSOR Cannot directly be instantiated**
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   // Create a collection we want to drop later
+ *   const col = client.db(dbName).collection('createIndexExample1');
+ *   // Insert a bunch of documents
+ *   col.insert([{a:1, b:1}
+ *     , {a:2, b:2}, {a:3, b:3}
+ *     , {a:4, b:4}], {w:1}, function(err, result) {
+ *     test.equal(null, err);
+ *     // Show that duplicate records got dropped
+ *     col.aggregation({}, {cursor: {}}).toArray(function(err, items) {
+ *       test.equal(null, err);
+ *       test.equal(4, items.length);
+ *       client.close();
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * });
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Namespace provided by the browser.
+ * @external Readable
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Aggregation Cursor instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class AggregationCursor
+ * @extends external:Readable
+ * @fires AggregationCursor#data
+ * @fires AggregationCursor#end
+ * @fires AggregationCursor#close
+ * @fires AggregationCursor#readable
+ * @return {AggregationCursor} an AggregationCursor instance.
+ */
+class AggregationCursor extends Cursor {
+  constructor(topology, operation, options) {
+    super(topology, operation, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the batch size for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  batchSize(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'batchSize requires an integer', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.operation.options.batchSize = value;
+    this.setCursorBatchSize(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a geoNear stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The geoNear stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  geoNear(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $geoNear: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a group stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The group stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  group(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $group: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a limit stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The state limit value.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  limit(value) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $limit: value });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a match stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The match stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  match(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $match: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a maxTimeMS stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The state maxTimeMS value.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  maxTimeMS(value) {
+    this.operation.options.maxTimeMS = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a out stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} destination The destination name.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  out(destination) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $out: destination });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a project stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The project stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  project(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $project: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a lookup stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The lookup stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  lookup(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $lookup: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a redact stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The redact stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  redact(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $redact: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a skip stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The state skip value.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  skip(value) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $skip: value });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a sort stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} document The sort stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  sort(document) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $sort: document });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a unwind stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {(string|object)} field The unwind field name or stage document.
+   * @return {AggregationCursor}
+   */
+  unwind(field) {
+    this.operation.addToPipeline({ $unwind: field });
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the cursor logger
+   * @method
+   * @return {Logger} return the cursor logger
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  getLogger() {
+    return this.logger;
+  }
+}
+
+// aliases
+AggregationCursor.prototype.get = AggregationCursor.prototype.toArray;
+
+/**
+ * AggregationCursor stream data event, fired for each document in the cursor.
+ *
+ * @event AggregationCursor#data
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * AggregationCursor stream end event
+ *
+ * @event AggregationCursor#end
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * AggregationCursor stream close event
+ *
+ * @event AggregationCursor#close
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * AggregationCursor stream readable event
+ *
+ * @event AggregationCursor#readable
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available.
+ * @function AggregationCursor.prototype.next
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Check if there is any document still available in the cursor
+ * @function AggregationCursor.prototype.hasNext
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback AggregationCursor~toArrayResultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {object[]} documents All the documents the satisfy the cursor.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of documents. The caller is responsible for making sure that there
+ * is enough memory to store the results. Note that the array only contain partial
+ * results when this cursor had been previously accessed. In that case,
+ * cursor.rewind() can be used to reset the cursor.
+ * @method AggregationCursor.prototype.toArray
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~toArrayResultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback AggregationCursor~resultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {(object|null)} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor. As with **{cursor.toArray}**,
+ * not all of the elements will be iterated if this cursor had been previously accessed.
+ * In that case, **{cursor.rewind}** can be used to reset the cursor. However, unlike
+ * **{cursor.toArray}**, the cursor will only hold a maximum of batch size elements
+ * at any given time if batch size is specified. Otherwise, the caller is responsible
+ * for making sure that the entire result can fit the memory.
+ * @method AggregationCursor.prototype.each
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~resultCallback} callback The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Close the cursor, sending a AggregationCursor command and emitting close.
+ * @method AggregationCursor.prototype.close
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Is the cursor closed
+ * @method AggregationCursor.prototype.isClosed
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Execute the explain for the cursor
+ *
+ * For backwards compatibility, a verbosity of true is interpreted as "allPlansExecution"
+ * and false as "queryPlanner". Prior to server version 3.6, aggregate()
+ * ignores the verbosity parameter and executes in "queryPlanner".
+ *
+ * @method AggregationCursor.prototype.explain
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [verbosity=true] - An optional mode in which to run the explain.
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Clone the cursor
+ * @function AggregationCursor.prototype.clone
+ * @return {AggregationCursor}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Resets the cursor
+ * @function AggregationCursor.prototype.rewind
+ * @return {AggregationCursor}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for the forEach iterator method
+ * @callback AggregationCursor~iteratorCallback
+ * @param {Object} doc An emitted document for the iterator
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback error format for the forEach iterator method
+ * @callback AggregationCursor~endCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor using the iterator, callback pattern.
+ * @method AggregationCursor.prototype.forEach
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~iteratorCallback} iterator The iteration callback.
+ * @param {AggregationCursor~endCallback} callback The end callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+module.exports = AggregationCursor;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/apm.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/apm.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f78e4aaff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/apm.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+'use strict';
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+
+class Instrumentation extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  instrument(MongoClient, callback) {
+    // store a reference to the original functions
+    this.$MongoClient = MongoClient;
+    const $prototypeConnect = (this.$prototypeConnect = MongoClient.prototype.connect);
+
+    const instrumentation = this;
+    MongoClient.prototype.connect = function(callback) {
+      this.s.options.monitorCommands = true;
+      this.on('commandStarted', event => instrumentation.emit('started', event));
+      this.on('commandSucceeded', event => instrumentation.emit('succeeded', event));
+      this.on('commandFailed', event => instrumentation.emit('failed', event));
+      return $prototypeConnect.call(this, callback);
+    };
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, this);
+  }
+
+  uninstrument() {
+    this.$MongoClient.prototype.connect = this.$prototypeConnect;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Instrumentation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/async/.eslintrc b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/async/.eslintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93b2f6437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/async/.eslintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "parserOptions": {
+    "ecmaVersion": 2018
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/async/async_iterator.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/async/async_iterator.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6021aadf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/async/async_iterator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// async function* asyncIterator() {
+//   while (true) {
+//     const value = await this.next();
+//     if (!value) {
+//       await this.close();
+//       return;
+//     }
+
+//     yield value;
+//   }
+// }
+
+// TODO: change this to the async generator function above
+function asyncIterator() {
+  const cursor = this;
+
+  return {
+    next: function() {
+      return Promise.resolve()
+        .then(() => cursor.next())
+        .then(value => {
+          if (!value) {
+            return cursor.close().then(() => ({ value, done: true }));
+          }
+          return { value, done: false };
+        });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+exports.asyncIterator = asyncIterator;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/common.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/common.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cfc661e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/common.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1374 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Long = require('../core').BSON.Long;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const ObjectID = require('../core').BSON.ObjectID;
+const BSON = require('../core').BSON;
+const MongoWriteConcernError = require('../core').MongoWriteConcernError;
+const emitWarningOnce = require('../utils').emitWarningOnce;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const applyRetryableWrites = require('../utils').applyRetryableWrites;
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const executeLegacyOperation = require('../utils').executeLegacyOperation;
+const isPromiseLike = require('../utils').isPromiseLike;
+const hasAtomicOperators = require('../utils').hasAtomicOperators;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+
+// Error codes
+const WRITE_CONCERN_ERROR = 64;
+
+// Insert types
+const INSERT = 1;
+const UPDATE = 2;
+const REMOVE = 3;
+
+const bson = new BSON([
+  BSON.Binary,
+  BSON.Code,
+  BSON.DBRef,
+  BSON.Decimal128,
+  BSON.Double,
+  BSON.Int32,
+  BSON.Long,
+  BSON.Map,
+  BSON.MaxKey,
+  BSON.MinKey,
+  BSON.ObjectId,
+  BSON.BSONRegExp,
+  BSON.Symbol,
+  BSON.Timestamp
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Keeps the state of a unordered batch so we can rewrite the results
+ * correctly after command execution
+ * @ignore
+ */
+class Batch {
+  constructor(batchType, originalZeroIndex) {
+    this.originalZeroIndex = originalZeroIndex;
+    this.currentIndex = 0;
+    this.originalIndexes = [];
+    this.batchType = batchType;
+    this.operations = [];
+    this.size = 0;
+    this.sizeBytes = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc
+ * The result of a bulk write.
+ */
+class BulkWriteResult {
+  /**
+   * Create a new BulkWriteResult instance
+   *
+   * **NOTE:** Internal Type, do not instantiate directly
+   */
+  constructor(bulkResult) {
+    this.result = bulkResult;
+  }
+
+  /** Number of documents inserted. */
+  get insertedCount() {
+    return typeof this.result.nInserted !== 'number' ? 0 : this.result.nInserted;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents matched for update. */
+  get matchedCount() {
+    return typeof this.result.nMatched !== 'number' ? 0 : this.result.nMatched;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents modified. */
+  get modifiedCount() {
+    return typeof this.result.nModified !== 'number' ? 0 : this.result.nModified;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents deleted. */
+  get deletedCount() {
+    return typeof this.result.nRemoved !== 'number' ? 0 : this.result.nRemoved;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents upserted. */
+  get upsertedCount() {
+    return !this.result.upserted ? 0 : this.result.upserted.length;
+  }
+
+  /** Upserted document generated Id's, hash key is the index of the originating operation */
+  get upsertedIds() {
+    const upserted = {};
+    for (const doc of !this.result.upserted ? [] : this.result.upserted) {
+      upserted[doc.index] = doc._id;
+    }
+    return upserted;
+  }
+
+  /** Inserted document generated Id's, hash key is the index of the originating operation */
+  get insertedIds() {
+    const inserted = {};
+    for (const doc of !this.result.insertedIds ? [] : this.result.insertedIds) {
+      inserted[doc.index] = doc._id;
+    }
+    return inserted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Evaluates to true if the bulk operation correctly executes
+   * @type {boolean}
+   */
+  get ok() {
+    return this.result.ok;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The number of inserted documents
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get nInserted() {
+    return this.result.nInserted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Number of upserted documents
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get nUpserted() {
+    return this.result.nUpserted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Number of matched documents
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get nMatched() {
+    return this.result.nMatched;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Number of documents updated physically on disk
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get nModified() {
+    return this.result.nModified;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Number of removed documents
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get nRemoved() {
+    return this.result.nRemoved;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of all inserted ids
+   *
+   * @return {object[]}
+   */
+  getInsertedIds() {
+    return this.result.insertedIds;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of all upserted ids
+   *
+   * @return {object[]}
+   */
+  getUpsertedIds() {
+    return this.result.upserted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the upserted id at the given index
+   *
+   * @param {number} index the number of the upserted id to return, returns undefined if no result for passed in index
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  getUpsertedIdAt(index) {
+    return this.result.upserted[index];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns raw internal result
+   *
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  getRawResponse() {
+    return this.result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the bulk operation contains a write error
+   *
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  hasWriteErrors() {
+    return this.result.writeErrors.length > 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of write errors off the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @return {number}
+   */
+  getWriteErrorCount() {
+    return this.result.writeErrors.length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a specific write error object
+   *
+   * @param {number} index of the write error to return, returns null if there is no result for passed in index
+   * @return {WriteError}
+   */
+  getWriteErrorAt(index) {
+    if (index < this.result.writeErrors.length) {
+      return this.result.writeErrors[index];
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve all write errors
+   *
+   * @return {WriteError[]}
+   */
+  getWriteErrors() {
+    return this.result.writeErrors;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve lastOp if available
+   *
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  getLastOp() {
+    return this.result.lastOp;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the write concern error if any
+   *
+   * @return {WriteConcernError}
+   */
+  getWriteConcernError() {
+    if (this.result.writeConcernErrors.length === 0) {
+      return null;
+    } else if (this.result.writeConcernErrors.length === 1) {
+      // Return the error
+      return this.result.writeConcernErrors[0];
+    } else {
+      // Combine the errors
+      let errmsg = '';
+      for (let i = 0; i < this.result.writeConcernErrors.length; i++) {
+        const err = this.result.writeConcernErrors[i];
+        errmsg = errmsg + err.errmsg;
+
+        // TODO: Something better
+        if (i === 0) errmsg = errmsg + ' and ';
+      }
+
+      return new WriteConcernError({ errmsg: errmsg, code: WRITE_CONCERN_ERROR });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    return this.result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {string}
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return `BulkWriteResult(${this.toJSON(this.result)})`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  isOk() {
+    return this.result.ok === 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc An error representing a failure by the server to apply the requested write concern to the bulk operation.
+ */
+class WriteConcernError {
+  /**
+   * Create a new WriteConcernError instance
+   *
+   * **NOTE:** Internal Type, do not instantiate directly
+   */
+  constructor(err) {
+    this.err = err;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write concern error code.
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get code() {
+    return this.err.code;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write concern error message.
+   * @type {string}
+   */
+  get errmsg() {
+    return this.err.errmsg;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    return { code: this.err.code, errmsg: this.err.errmsg };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {string}
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return `WriteConcernError(${this.err.errmsg})`;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc An error that occurred during a BulkWrite on the server.
+ */
+class WriteError {
+  /**
+   * Create a new WriteError instance
+   *
+   * **NOTE:** Internal Type, do not instantiate directly
+   */
+  constructor(err) {
+    this.err = err;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * WriteError code.
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get code() {
+    return this.err.code;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * WriteError original bulk operation index.
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get index() {
+    return this.err.index;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * WriteError message.
+   * @type {string}
+   */
+  get errmsg() {
+    return this.err.errmsg;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the underlying operation that caused the error
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  getOperation() {
+    return this.err.op;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    return { code: this.err.code, index: this.err.index, errmsg: this.err.errmsg, op: this.err.op };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {string}
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return `WriteError(${JSON.stringify(this.toJSON())})`;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges results into shared data structure
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function mergeBatchResults(batch, bulkResult, err, result) {
+  // If we have an error set the result to be the err object
+  if (err) {
+    result = err;
+  } else if (result && result.result) {
+    result = result.result;
+  } else if (result == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Do we have a top level error stop processing and return
+  if (result.ok === 0 && bulkResult.ok === 1) {
+    bulkResult.ok = 0;
+
+    const writeError = {
+      index: 0,
+      code: result.code || 0,
+      errmsg: result.message,
+      op: batch.operations[0]
+    };
+
+    bulkResult.writeErrors.push(new WriteError(writeError));
+    return;
+  } else if (result.ok === 0 && bulkResult.ok === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Deal with opTime if available
+  if (result.opTime || result.lastOp) {
+    const opTime = result.lastOp || result.opTime;
+    let lastOpTS = null;
+    let lastOpT = null;
+
+    // We have a time stamp
+    if (opTime && opTime._bsontype === 'Timestamp') {
+      if (bulkResult.lastOp == null) {
+        bulkResult.lastOp = opTime;
+      } else if (opTime.greaterThan(bulkResult.lastOp)) {
+        bulkResult.lastOp = opTime;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Existing TS
+      if (bulkResult.lastOp) {
+        lastOpTS =
+          typeof bulkResult.lastOp.ts === 'number'
+            ? Long.fromNumber(bulkResult.lastOp.ts)
+            : bulkResult.lastOp.ts;
+        lastOpT =
+          typeof bulkResult.lastOp.t === 'number'
+            ? Long.fromNumber(bulkResult.lastOp.t)
+            : bulkResult.lastOp.t;
+      }
+
+      // Current OpTime TS
+      const opTimeTS = typeof opTime.ts === 'number' ? Long.fromNumber(opTime.ts) : opTime.ts;
+      const opTimeT = typeof opTime.t === 'number' ? Long.fromNumber(opTime.t) : opTime.t;
+
+      // Compare the opTime's
+      if (bulkResult.lastOp == null) {
+        bulkResult.lastOp = opTime;
+      } else if (opTimeTS.greaterThan(lastOpTS)) {
+        bulkResult.lastOp = opTime;
+      } else if (opTimeTS.equals(lastOpTS)) {
+        if (opTimeT.greaterThan(lastOpT)) {
+          bulkResult.lastOp = opTime;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we have an insert Batch type
+  if (batch.batchType === INSERT && result.n) {
+    bulkResult.nInserted = bulkResult.nInserted + result.n;
+  }
+
+  // If we have an insert Batch type
+  if (batch.batchType === REMOVE && result.n) {
+    bulkResult.nRemoved = bulkResult.nRemoved + result.n;
+  }
+
+  let nUpserted = 0;
+
+  // We have an array of upserted values, we need to rewrite the indexes
+  if (Array.isArray(result.upserted)) {
+    nUpserted = result.upserted.length;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < result.upserted.length; i++) {
+      bulkResult.upserted.push({
+        index: result.upserted[i].index + batch.originalZeroIndex,
+        _id: result.upserted[i]._id
+      });
+    }
+  } else if (result.upserted) {
+    nUpserted = 1;
+
+    bulkResult.upserted.push({
+      index: batch.originalZeroIndex,
+      _id: result.upserted
+    });
+  }
+
+  // If we have an update Batch type
+  if (batch.batchType === UPDATE && result.n) {
+    const nModified = result.nModified;
+    bulkResult.nUpserted = bulkResult.nUpserted + nUpserted;
+    bulkResult.nMatched = bulkResult.nMatched + (result.n - nUpserted);
+
+    if (typeof nModified === 'number') {
+      bulkResult.nModified = bulkResult.nModified + nModified;
+    } else {
+      bulkResult.nModified = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(result.writeErrors)) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < result.writeErrors.length; i++) {
+      const writeError = {
+        index: batch.originalIndexes[result.writeErrors[i].index],
+        code: result.writeErrors[i].code,
+        errmsg: result.writeErrors[i].errmsg,
+        op: batch.operations[result.writeErrors[i].index]
+      };
+
+      bulkResult.writeErrors.push(new WriteError(writeError));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (result.writeConcernError) {
+    bulkResult.writeConcernErrors.push(new WriteConcernError(result.writeConcernError));
+  }
+}
+
+function executeCommands(bulkOperation, options, callback) {
+  if (bulkOperation.s.batches.length === 0) {
+    return handleCallback(callback, null, new BulkWriteResult(bulkOperation.s.bulkResult));
+  }
+
+  const batch = bulkOperation.s.batches.shift();
+
+  function resultHandler(err, result) {
+    // Error is a driver related error not a bulk op error, terminate
+    if (((err && err.driver) || (err && err.message)) && !(err instanceof MongoWriteConcernError)) {
+      return handleCallback(callback, err);
+    }
+
+    // If we have and error
+    if (err) err.ok = 0;
+    if (err instanceof MongoWriteConcernError) {
+      return handleMongoWriteConcernError(batch, bulkOperation.s.bulkResult, err, callback);
+    }
+
+    // Merge the results together
+    const writeResult = new BulkWriteResult(bulkOperation.s.bulkResult);
+    const mergeResult = mergeBatchResults(batch, bulkOperation.s.bulkResult, err, result);
+    if (mergeResult != null) {
+      return handleCallback(callback, null, writeResult);
+    }
+
+    if (bulkOperation.handleWriteError(callback, writeResult)) return;
+
+    // Execute the next command in line
+    executeCommands(bulkOperation, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  bulkOperation.finalOptionsHandler({ options, batch, resultHandler }, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * handles write concern error
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {object} batch
+ * @param {object} bulkResult
+ * @param {boolean} ordered
+ * @param {WriteConcernError} err
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+function handleMongoWriteConcernError(batch, bulkResult, err, callback) {
+  mergeBatchResults(batch, bulkResult, null, err.result);
+
+  const wrappedWriteConcernError = new WriteConcernError({
+    errmsg: err.result.writeConcernError.errmsg,
+    code: err.result.writeConcernError.result
+  });
+  return handleCallback(
+    callback,
+    new BulkWriteError(toError(wrappedWriteConcernError), new BulkWriteResult(bulkResult)),
+    null
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc An error indicating an unsuccessful Bulk Write
+ */
+class BulkWriteError extends MongoError {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new BulkWriteError
+   *
+   * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+   * @param {BulkWriteResult} result The result of the bulk write operation
+   * @extends {MongoError}
+   */
+  constructor(error, result) {
+    const message = error.err || error.errmsg || error.errMessage || error;
+    super(message);
+
+    Object.assign(this, error);
+
+    this.name = 'BulkWriteError';
+    this.result = result;
+  }
+
+  /** Number of documents inserted. */
+  get insertedCount() {
+    return this.result.insertedCount;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents matched for update. */
+  get matchedCount() {
+    return this.result.matchedCount;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents modified. */
+  get modifiedCount() {
+    return this.result.modifiedCount;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents deleted. */
+  get deletedCount() {
+    return this.result.deletedCount;
+  }
+  /** Number of documents upserted. */
+  get upsertedCount() {
+    return this.result.upsertedCount;
+  }
+  /** Inserted document generated Id's, hash key is the index of the originating operation */
+  get insertedIds() {
+    return this.result.insertedIds;
+  }
+  /** Upserted document generated Id's, hash key is the index of the originating operation */
+  get upsertedIds() {
+    return this.result.upsertedIds;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc A builder object that is returned from {@link BulkOperationBase#find}.
+ * Is used to build a write operation that involves a query filter.
+ */
+class FindOperators {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new FindOperators object.
+   *
+   * **NOTE:** Internal Type, do not instantiate directly
+   * @param {OrderedBulkOperation|UnorderedBulkOperation} bulkOperation
+   */
+  constructor(bulkOperation) {
+    this.s = bulkOperation.s;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a multiple update operation to the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} updateDocument An update field for an update operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-u u documentation}
+   * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+   * @throws {MongoError} If operation cannot be added to bulk write
+   * @return {OrderedBulkOperation|UnorderedBulkOperation} A reference to the parent BulkOperation
+   */
+  update(updateDocument) {
+    // Perform upsert
+    const upsert = typeof this.s.currentOp.upsert === 'boolean' ? this.s.currentOp.upsert : false;
+
+    // Establish the update command
+    const document = {
+      q: this.s.currentOp.selector,
+      u: updateDocument,
+      multi: true,
+      upsert: upsert
+    };
+
+    if (updateDocument.hint) {
+      document.hint = updateDocument.hint;
+    }
+
+    // Clear out current Op
+    this.s.currentOp = null;
+    return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, UPDATE, document);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a single update operation to the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} updateDocument An update field for an update operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-u u documentation}
+   * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+   * @throws {MongoError} If operation cannot be added to bulk write
+   * @return {OrderedBulkOperation|UnorderedBulkOperation} A reference to the parent BulkOperation
+   */
+  updateOne(updateDocument) {
+    // Perform upsert
+    const upsert = typeof this.s.currentOp.upsert === 'boolean' ? this.s.currentOp.upsert : false;
+
+    // Establish the update command
+    const document = {
+      q: this.s.currentOp.selector,
+      u: updateDocument,
+      multi: false,
+      upsert: upsert
+    };
+
+    if (updateDocument.hint) {
+      document.hint = updateDocument.hint;
+    }
+
+    if (!hasAtomicOperators(updateDocument)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Update document requires atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    // Clear out current Op
+    this.s.currentOp = null;
+    return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, UPDATE, document);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a replace one operation to the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} replacement the new document to replace the existing one with
+   * @throws {MongoError} If operation cannot be added to bulk write
+   * @return {OrderedBulkOperation|UnorderedBulkOperation} A reference to the parent BulkOperation
+   */
+  replaceOne(replacement) {
+    // Perform upsert
+    const upsert = typeof this.s.currentOp.upsert === 'boolean' ? this.s.currentOp.upsert : false;
+
+    // Establish the update command
+    const document = {
+      q: this.s.currentOp.selector,
+      u: replacement,
+      multi: false,
+      upsert: upsert
+    };
+
+    if (replacement.hint) {
+      document.hint = replacement.hint;
+    }
+
+    if (hasAtomicOperators(replacement)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Replacement document must not use atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    // Clear out current Op
+    this.s.currentOp = null;
+    return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, UPDATE, document);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Upsert modifier for update bulk operation, noting that this operation is an upsert.
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @throws {MongoError} If operation cannot be added to bulk write
+   * @return {FindOperators} reference to self
+   */
+  upsert() {
+    this.s.currentOp.upsert = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a delete one operation to the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @throws {MongoError} If operation cannot be added to bulk write
+   * @return {OrderedBulkOperation|UnorderedBulkOperation} A reference to the parent BulkOperation
+   */
+  deleteOne() {
+    // Establish the update command
+    const document = {
+      q: this.s.currentOp.selector,
+      limit: 1
+    };
+
+    // Clear out current Op
+    this.s.currentOp = null;
+    return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, REMOVE, document);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a delete many operation to the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @throws {MongoError} If operation cannot be added to bulk write
+   * @return {OrderedBulkOperation|UnorderedBulkOperation} A reference to the parent BulkOperation
+   */
+  delete() {
+    // Establish the update command
+    const document = {
+      q: this.s.currentOp.selector,
+      limit: 0
+    };
+
+    // Clear out current Op
+    this.s.currentOp = null;
+    return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, REMOVE, document);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * backwards compatability for deleteOne
+   * @deprecated
+   */
+  removeOne() {
+    emitWarningOnce('bulk operation `removeOne` has been deprecated, please use `deleteOne`');
+    return this.deleteOne();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * backwards compatability for delete
+   * @deprecated
+   */
+  remove() {
+    emitWarningOnce('bulk operation `remove` has been deprecated, please use `delete`');
+    return this.delete();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc Parent class to OrderedBulkOperation and UnorderedBulkOperation
+ *
+ * **NOTE:** Internal Type, do not instantiate directly
+ */
+class BulkOperationBase {
+  /**
+   * Create a new OrderedBulkOperation or UnorderedBulkOperation instance
+   * @property {number} length Get the number of operations in the bulk.
+   */
+  constructor(topology, collection, options, isOrdered) {
+    // determine whether bulkOperation is ordered or unordered
+    this.isOrdered = isOrdered;
+
+    options = options == null ? {} : options;
+    // TODO Bring from driver information in isMaster
+    // Get the namespace for the write operations
+    const namespace = collection.s.namespace;
+    // Used to mark operation as executed
+    const executed = false;
+
+    // Current item
+    const currentOp = null;
+
+    // Handle to the bson serializer, used to calculate running sizes
+    const bson = topology.bson;
+    // Set max byte size
+    const isMaster = topology.lastIsMaster();
+
+    // If we have autoEncryption on, batch-splitting must be done on 2mb chunks, but single documents
+    // over 2mb are still allowed
+    const usingAutoEncryption = !!(topology.s.options && topology.s.options.autoEncrypter);
+    const maxBsonObjectSize =
+      isMaster && isMaster.maxBsonObjectSize ? isMaster.maxBsonObjectSize : 1024 * 1024 * 16;
+    const maxBatchSizeBytes = usingAutoEncryption ? 1024 * 1024 * 2 : maxBsonObjectSize;
+    const maxWriteBatchSize =
+      isMaster && isMaster.maxWriteBatchSize ? isMaster.maxWriteBatchSize : 1000;
+
+    // Calculates the largest possible size of an Array key, represented as a BSON string
+    // element. This calculation:
+    //     1 byte for BSON type
+    //     # of bytes = length of (string representation of (maxWriteBatchSize - 1))
+    //   + 1 bytes for null terminator
+    const maxKeySize = (maxWriteBatchSize - 1).toString(10).length + 2;
+
+    // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+    let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+    finalOptions = applyRetryableWrites(finalOptions, collection.s.db);
+    finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { collection: collection }, options);
+    const writeConcern = finalOptions.writeConcern;
+
+    // Get the promiseLibrary
+    const promiseLibrary = options.promiseLibrary || Promise;
+
+    // Final results
+    const bulkResult = {
+      ok: 1,
+      writeErrors: [],
+      writeConcernErrors: [],
+      insertedIds: [],
+      nInserted: 0,
+      nUpserted: 0,
+      nMatched: 0,
+      nModified: 0,
+      nRemoved: 0,
+      upserted: []
+    };
+
+    // Internal state
+    this.s = {
+      // Final result
+      bulkResult: bulkResult,
+      // Current batch state
+      currentBatch: null,
+      currentIndex: 0,
+      // ordered specific
+      currentBatchSize: 0,
+      currentBatchSizeBytes: 0,
+      // unordered specific
+      currentInsertBatch: null,
+      currentUpdateBatch: null,
+      currentRemoveBatch: null,
+      batches: [],
+      // Write concern
+      writeConcern: writeConcern,
+      // Max batch size options
+      maxBsonObjectSize,
+      maxBatchSizeBytes,
+      maxWriteBatchSize,
+      maxKeySize,
+      // Namespace
+      namespace: namespace,
+      // BSON
+      bson: bson,
+      // Topology
+      topology: topology,
+      // Options
+      options: finalOptions,
+      // Current operation
+      currentOp: currentOp,
+      // Executed
+      executed: executed,
+      // Collection
+      collection: collection,
+      // Promise Library
+      promiseLibrary: promiseLibrary,
+      // Fundamental error
+      err: null,
+      // check keys
+      checkKeys: typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : true
+    };
+
+    // bypass Validation
+    if (options.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+      this.s.bypassDocumentValidation = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a single insert document to the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @param {object} document the document to insert
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {BulkOperationBase} A reference to self
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const bulkOp = collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp();
+   * // Adds three inserts to the bulkOp.
+   * bulkOp
+   *   .insert({ a: 1 })
+   *   .insert({ b: 2 })
+   *   .insert({ c: 3 });
+   * await bulkOp.execute();
+   */
+  insert(document) {
+    if (this.s.collection.s.db.options.forceServerObjectId !== true && document._id == null)
+      document._id = new ObjectID();
+    return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, INSERT, document);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds a find operation for an update/updateOne/delete/deleteOne/replaceOne.
+   * Returns a builder object used to complete the definition of the operation.
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} selector The selector for the bulk operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-q q documentation}
+   * @throws {MongoError} if a selector is not specified
+   * @return {FindOperators} A helper object with which the write operation can be defined.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const bulkOp = collection.initializeOrderedBulkOp();
+   *
+   * // Add an updateOne to the bulkOp
+   * bulkOp.find({ a: 1 }).updateOne({ $set: { b: 2 } });
+   *
+   * // Add an updateMany to the bulkOp
+   * bulkOp.find({ c: 3 }).update({ $set: { d: 4 } });
+   *
+   * // Add an upsert
+   * bulkOp.find({ e: 5 }).upsert().updateOne({ $set: { f: 6 } });
+   *
+   * // Add a deletion
+   * bulkOp.find({ g: 7 }).deleteOne();
+   *
+   * // Add a multi deletion
+   * bulkOp.find({ h: 8 }).delete();
+   *
+   * // Add a replaceOne
+   * bulkOp.find({ i: 9 }).replaceOne({ j: 10 });
+   *
+   * // Update using a pipeline (requires Mongodb 4.2 or higher)
+   * bulk.find({ k: 11, y: { $exists: true }, z: { $exists: true } }).updateOne([
+   *   { $set: { total: { $sum: [ '$y', '$z' ] } } }
+   * ]);
+   *
+   * // All of the ops will now be executed
+   * await bulkOp.execute();
+   */
+  find(selector) {
+    if (!selector) {
+      throw toError('Bulk find operation must specify a selector');
+    }
+
+    // Save a current selector
+    this.s.currentOp = {
+      selector: selector
+    };
+
+    return new FindOperators(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Specifies a raw operation to perform in the bulk write.
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} op The raw operation to perform.
+   * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+   * @return {BulkOperationBase} A reference to self
+   */
+  raw(op) {
+    const key = Object.keys(op)[0];
+
+    // Set up the force server object id
+    const forceServerObjectId =
+      typeof this.s.options.forceServerObjectId === 'boolean'
+        ? this.s.options.forceServerObjectId
+        : this.s.collection.s.db.options.forceServerObjectId;
+
+    // Update operations
+    if (
+      (op.updateOne && op.updateOne.q) ||
+      (op.updateMany && op.updateMany.q) ||
+      (op.replaceOne && op.replaceOne.q)
+    ) {
+      op[key].multi = op.updateOne || op.replaceOne ? false : true;
+      return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, UPDATE, op[key]);
+    }
+
+    // Crud spec update format
+    if (op.updateOne || op.updateMany || op.replaceOne) {
+      if (op.replaceOne && hasAtomicOperators(op[key].replacement)) {
+        throw new TypeError('Replacement document must not use atomic operators');
+      } else if ((op.updateOne || op.updateMany) && !hasAtomicOperators(op[key].update)) {
+        throw new TypeError('Update document requires atomic operators');
+      }
+
+      const multi = op.updateOne || op.replaceOne ? false : true;
+      const operation = {
+        q: op[key].filter,
+        u: op[key].update || op[key].replacement,
+        multi: multi
+      };
+
+      if (op[key].hint) {
+        operation.hint = op[key].hint;
+      }
+
+      if (this.isOrdered) {
+        operation.upsert = op[key].upsert ? true : false;
+        if (op.collation) operation.collation = op.collation;
+      } else {
+        if (op[key].upsert) operation.upsert = true;
+      }
+      if (op[key].arrayFilters) {
+        // TODO: this check should be done at command construction against a connection, not a topology
+        if (maxWireVersion(this.s.topology) < 6) {
+          throw new TypeError('arrayFilters are only supported on MongoDB 3.6+');
+        }
+
+        operation.arrayFilters = op[key].arrayFilters;
+      }
+
+      return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, UPDATE, operation);
+    }
+
+    // Remove operations
+    if (
+      op.removeOne ||
+      op.removeMany ||
+      (op.deleteOne && op.deleteOne.q) ||
+      (op.deleteMany && op.deleteMany.q)
+    ) {
+      op[key].limit = op.removeOne ? 1 : 0;
+      return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, REMOVE, op[key]);
+    }
+
+    // Crud spec delete operations, less efficient
+    if (op.deleteOne || op.deleteMany) {
+      const limit = op.deleteOne ? 1 : 0;
+      const operation = { q: op[key].filter, limit: limit };
+      if (op[key].hint) {
+        operation.hint = op[key].hint;
+      }
+      if (this.isOrdered) {
+        if (op.collation) operation.collation = op.collation;
+      }
+      return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, REMOVE, operation);
+    }
+
+    // Insert operations
+    if (op.insertOne && op.insertOne.document == null) {
+      if (forceServerObjectId !== true && op.insertOne._id == null)
+        op.insertOne._id = new ObjectID();
+      return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, INSERT, op.insertOne);
+    } else if (op.insertOne && op.insertOne.document) {
+      if (forceServerObjectId !== true && op.insertOne.document._id == null)
+        op.insertOne.document._id = new ObjectID();
+      return this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, INSERT, op.insertOne.document);
+    }
+
+    if (op.insertMany) {
+      emitWarningOnce(
+        'bulk operation `insertMany` has been deprecated; use multiple `insertOne` ops instead'
+      );
+      for (let i = 0; i < op.insertMany.length; i++) {
+        if (forceServerObjectId !== true && op.insertMany[i]._id == null)
+          op.insertMany[i]._id = new ObjectID();
+        this.s.options.addToOperationsList(this, INSERT, op.insertMany[i]);
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // No valid type of operation
+    throw toError(
+      'bulkWrite only supports insertOne, insertMany, updateOne, updateMany, removeOne, removeMany, deleteOne, deleteMany'
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * helper function to assist with promiseOrCallback behavior
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {*} err
+   * @param {*} callback
+   */
+  _handleEarlyError(err, callback) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(err, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    return this.s.promiseLibrary.reject(err);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An internal helper method. Do not invoke directly. Will be going away in the future
+   *
+   * @ignore
+   * @method
+   * @param {class} bulk either OrderedBulkOperation or UnorderdBulkOperation
+   * @param {object} writeConcern
+   * @param {object} options
+   * @param {function} callback
+   */
+  bulkExecute(_writeConcern, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = options || {};
+
+    if (typeof _writeConcern === 'function') {
+      callback = _writeConcern;
+    } else if (_writeConcern && typeof _writeConcern === 'object') {
+      this.s.writeConcern = _writeConcern;
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.executed) {
+      const executedError = toError('batch cannot be re-executed');
+      return this._handleEarlyError(executedError, callback);
+    }
+
+    // If we have current batch
+    if (this.isOrdered) {
+      if (this.s.currentBatch) this.s.batches.push(this.s.currentBatch);
+    } else {
+      if (this.s.currentInsertBatch) this.s.batches.push(this.s.currentInsertBatch);
+      if (this.s.currentUpdateBatch) this.s.batches.push(this.s.currentUpdateBatch);
+      if (this.s.currentRemoveBatch) this.s.batches.push(this.s.currentRemoveBatch);
+    }
+    // If we have no operations in the bulk raise an error
+    if (this.s.batches.length === 0) {
+      const emptyBatchError = toError('Invalid Operation, no operations specified');
+      return this._handleEarlyError(emptyBatchError, callback);
+    }
+    return { options, callback };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback format for results
+   * @callback BulkOperationBase~resultCallback
+   * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+   * @param {BulkWriteResult} result The bulk write result.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the bulk operation
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {WriteConcern} [_writeConcern] Optional write concern. Can also be specified through options.
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+   * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+   * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.fsync=false] **Deprecated** Specify a file sync write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+   * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+   * @param {BulkOperationBase~resultCallback} [callback] A callback that will be invoked when bulkWrite finishes/errors
+   * @throws {MongoError} Throws error if the bulk object has already been executed
+   * @throws {MongoError} Throws error if the bulk object does not have any operations
+   * @return {Promise|void} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  execute(_writeConcern, options, callback) {
+    const ret = this.bulkExecute(_writeConcern, options, callback);
+    if (!ret || isPromiseLike(ret)) {
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    options = ret.options;
+    callback = ret.callback;
+
+    return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, executeCommands, [this, options, callback]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handles final options before executing command
+   *
+   * An internal method. Do not invoke. Will not be accessible in the future
+   *
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {object} config
+   * @param {object} config.options
+   * @param {number} config.batch
+   * @param {function} config.resultHandler
+   * @param {function} callback
+   */
+  finalOptionsHandler(config, callback) {
+    const finalOptions = Object.assign({ ordered: this.isOrdered }, config.options);
+    if (this.s.writeConcern != null) {
+      finalOptions.writeConcern = this.s.writeConcern;
+    }
+
+    if (finalOptions.bypassDocumentValidation !== true) {
+      delete finalOptions.bypassDocumentValidation;
+    }
+
+    // Set an operationIf if provided
+    if (this.operationId) {
+      config.resultHandler.operationId = this.operationId;
+    }
+
+    // Serialize functions
+    if (this.s.options.serializeFunctions) {
+      finalOptions.serializeFunctions = true;
+    }
+
+    // Ignore undefined
+    if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+      finalOptions.ignoreUndefined = true;
+    }
+
+    // Is the bypassDocumentValidation options specific
+    if (this.s.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+      finalOptions.bypassDocumentValidation = true;
+    }
+
+    // Is the checkKeys option disabled
+    if (this.s.checkKeys === false) {
+      finalOptions.checkKeys = false;
+    }
+
+    if (finalOptions.retryWrites) {
+      if (config.batch.batchType === UPDATE) {
+        finalOptions.retryWrites =
+          finalOptions.retryWrites && !config.batch.operations.some(op => op.multi);
+      }
+
+      if (config.batch.batchType === REMOVE) {
+        finalOptions.retryWrites =
+          finalOptions.retryWrites && !config.batch.operations.some(op => op.limit === 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (config.batch.batchType === INSERT) {
+        this.s.topology.insert(
+          this.s.namespace,
+          config.batch.operations,
+          finalOptions,
+          config.resultHandler
+        );
+      } else if (config.batch.batchType === UPDATE) {
+        this.s.topology.update(
+          this.s.namespace,
+          config.batch.operations,
+          finalOptions,
+          config.resultHandler
+        );
+      } else if (config.batch.batchType === REMOVE) {
+        this.s.topology.remove(
+          this.s.namespace,
+          config.batch.operations,
+          finalOptions,
+          config.resultHandler
+        );
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      // Force top level error
+      err.ok = 0;
+      // Merge top level error and return
+      handleCallback(callback, null, mergeBatchResults(config.batch, this.s.bulkResult, err, null));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handles the write error before executing commands
+   *
+   * An internal helper method. Do not invoke directly. Will be going away in the future
+   *
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {function} callback
+   * @param {BulkWriteResult} writeResult
+   * @param {class} self either OrderedBulkOperation or UnorderedBulkOperation
+   */
+  handleWriteError(callback, writeResult) {
+    if (this.s.bulkResult.writeErrors.length > 0) {
+      const msg = this.s.bulkResult.writeErrors[0].errmsg
+        ? this.s.bulkResult.writeErrors[0].errmsg
+        : 'write operation failed';
+
+      handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        new BulkWriteError(
+          toError({
+            message: msg,
+            code: this.s.bulkResult.writeErrors[0].code,
+            writeErrors: this.s.bulkResult.writeErrors
+          }),
+          writeResult
+        ),
+        null
+      );
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (writeResult.getWriteConcernError()) {
+      handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        new BulkWriteError(toError(writeResult.getWriteConcernError()), writeResult),
+        null
+      );
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(BulkOperationBase.prototype, 'length', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.currentIndex;
+  }
+});
+
+// Exports symbols
+module.exports = {
+  Batch,
+  BulkOperationBase,
+  bson,
+  INSERT: INSERT,
+  UPDATE: UPDATE,
+  REMOVE: REMOVE,
+  BulkWriteError
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/ordered.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/ordered.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a976bed21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/ordered.js
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('./common');
+const BulkOperationBase = common.BulkOperationBase;
+const Batch = common.Batch;
+const bson = common.bson;
+const utils = require('../utils');
+const toError = utils.toError;
+
+/**
+ * Add to internal list of Operations
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {OrderedBulkOperation} bulkOperation
+ * @param {number} docType number indicating the document type
+ * @param {object} document
+ * @return {OrderedBulkOperation}
+ */
+function addToOperationsList(bulkOperation, docType, document) {
+  // Get the bsonSize
+  const bsonSize = bson.calculateObjectSize(document, {
+    checkKeys: false,
+
+    // Since we don't know what the user selected for BSON options here,
+    // err on the safe side, and check the size with ignoreUndefined: false.
+    ignoreUndefined: false
+  });
+
+  // Throw error if the doc is bigger than the max BSON size
+  if (bsonSize >= bulkOperation.s.maxBsonObjectSize)
+    throw toError('document is larger than the maximum size ' + bulkOperation.s.maxBsonObjectSize);
+
+  // Create a new batch object if we don't have a current one
+  if (bulkOperation.s.currentBatch == null)
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = new Batch(docType, bulkOperation.s.currentIndex);
+
+  const maxKeySize = bulkOperation.s.maxKeySize;
+
+  // Check if we need to create a new batch
+  if (
+    // New batch if we exceed the max batch op size
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSize + 1 >= bulkOperation.s.maxWriteBatchSize ||
+    // New batch if we exceed the maxBatchSizeBytes. Only matters if batch already has a doc,
+    // since we can't sent an empty batch
+    (bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSize > 0 &&
+      bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSizeBytes + maxKeySize + bsonSize >=
+        bulkOperation.s.maxBatchSizeBytes) ||
+    // New batch if the new op does not have the same op type as the current batch
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.batchType !== docType
+  ) {
+    // Save the batch to the execution stack
+    bulkOperation.s.batches.push(bulkOperation.s.currentBatch);
+
+    // Create a new batch
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = new Batch(docType, bulkOperation.s.currentIndex);
+
+    // Reset the current size trackers
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSize = 0;
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSizeBytes = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (docType === common.INSERT) {
+    bulkOperation.s.bulkResult.insertedIds.push({
+      index: bulkOperation.s.currentIndex,
+      _id: document._id
+    });
+  }
+
+  // We have an array of documents
+  if (Array.isArray(document)) {
+    throw toError('operation passed in cannot be an Array');
+  }
+
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.originalIndexes.push(bulkOperation.s.currentIndex);
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.operations.push(document);
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSize += 1;
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatchSizeBytes += maxKeySize + bsonSize;
+  bulkOperation.s.currentIndex += 1;
+
+  // Return bulkOperation
+  return bulkOperation;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new OrderedBulkOperation instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class
+ * @extends BulkOperationBase
+ * @property {number} length Get the number of operations in the bulk.
+ * @return {OrderedBulkOperation} a OrderedBulkOperation instance.
+ */
+class OrderedBulkOperation extends BulkOperationBase {
+  constructor(topology, collection, options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    options = Object.assign(options, { addToOperationsList });
+
+    super(topology, collection, options, true);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns an unordered batch object
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function initializeOrderedBulkOp(topology, collection, options) {
+  return new OrderedBulkOperation(topology, collection, options);
+}
+
+initializeOrderedBulkOp.OrderedBulkOperation = OrderedBulkOperation;
+module.exports = initializeOrderedBulkOp;
+module.exports.Bulk = OrderedBulkOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/unordered.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/unordered.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c126c5bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/bulk/unordered.js
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('./common');
+const BulkOperationBase = common.BulkOperationBase;
+const Batch = common.Batch;
+const bson = common.bson;
+const utils = require('../utils');
+const toError = utils.toError;
+
+/**
+ * Add to internal list of Operations
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {UnorderedBulkOperation} bulkOperation
+ * @param {number} docType number indicating the document type
+ * @param {object} document
+ * @return {UnorderedBulkOperation}
+ */
+function addToOperationsList(bulkOperation, docType, document) {
+  // Get the bsonSize
+  const bsonSize = bson.calculateObjectSize(document, {
+    checkKeys: false,
+
+    // Since we don't know what the user selected for BSON options here,
+    // err on the safe side, and check the size with ignoreUndefined: false.
+    ignoreUndefined: false
+  });
+  // Throw error if the doc is bigger than the max BSON size
+  if (bsonSize >= bulkOperation.s.maxBsonObjectSize)
+    throw toError('document is larger than the maximum size ' + bulkOperation.s.maxBsonObjectSize);
+  // Holds the current batch
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = null;
+  // Get the right type of batch
+  if (docType === common.INSERT) {
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = bulkOperation.s.currentInsertBatch;
+  } else if (docType === common.UPDATE) {
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = bulkOperation.s.currentUpdateBatch;
+  } else if (docType === common.REMOVE) {
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = bulkOperation.s.currentRemoveBatch;
+  }
+
+  const maxKeySize = bulkOperation.s.maxKeySize;
+
+  // Create a new batch object if we don't have a current one
+  if (bulkOperation.s.currentBatch == null)
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = new Batch(docType, bulkOperation.s.currentIndex);
+
+  // Check if we need to create a new batch
+  if (
+    // New batch if we exceed the max batch op size
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.size + 1 >= bulkOperation.s.maxWriteBatchSize ||
+    // New batch if we exceed the maxBatchSizeBytes. Only matters if batch already has a doc,
+    // since we can't sent an empty batch
+    (bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.size > 0 &&
+      bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.sizeBytes + maxKeySize + bsonSize >=
+        bulkOperation.s.maxBatchSizeBytes) ||
+    // New batch if the new op does not have the same op type as the current batch
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.batchType !== docType
+  ) {
+    // Save the batch to the execution stack
+    bulkOperation.s.batches.push(bulkOperation.s.currentBatch);
+
+    // Create a new batch
+    bulkOperation.s.currentBatch = new Batch(docType, bulkOperation.s.currentIndex);
+  }
+
+  // We have an array of documents
+  if (Array.isArray(document)) {
+    throw toError('operation passed in cannot be an Array');
+  }
+
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.operations.push(document);
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.originalIndexes.push(bulkOperation.s.currentIndex);
+  bulkOperation.s.currentIndex = bulkOperation.s.currentIndex + 1;
+
+  // Save back the current Batch to the right type
+  if (docType === common.INSERT) {
+    bulkOperation.s.currentInsertBatch = bulkOperation.s.currentBatch;
+    bulkOperation.s.bulkResult.insertedIds.push({
+      index: bulkOperation.s.bulkResult.insertedIds.length,
+      _id: document._id
+    });
+  } else if (docType === common.UPDATE) {
+    bulkOperation.s.currentUpdateBatch = bulkOperation.s.currentBatch;
+  } else if (docType === common.REMOVE) {
+    bulkOperation.s.currentRemoveBatch = bulkOperation.s.currentBatch;
+  }
+
+  // Update current batch size
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.size += 1;
+  bulkOperation.s.currentBatch.sizeBytes += maxKeySize + bsonSize;
+
+  // Return bulkOperation
+  return bulkOperation;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new UnorderedBulkOperation instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class
+ * @extends BulkOperationBase
+ * @property {number} length Get the number of operations in the bulk.
+ * @return {UnorderedBulkOperation} a UnorderedBulkOperation instance.
+ */
+class UnorderedBulkOperation extends BulkOperationBase {
+  constructor(topology, collection, options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    options = Object.assign(options, { addToOperationsList });
+
+    super(topology, collection, options, false);
+  }
+
+  handleWriteError(callback, writeResult) {
+    if (this.s.batches.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return super.handleWriteError(callback, writeResult);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns an unordered batch object
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function initializeUnorderedBulkOp(topology, collection, options) {
+  return new UnorderedBulkOperation(topology, collection, options);
+}
+
+initializeUnorderedBulkOp.UnorderedBulkOperation = UnorderedBulkOperation;
+module.exports = initializeUnorderedBulkOp;
+module.exports.Bulk = UnorderedBulkOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/change_stream.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/change_stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b226702ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/change_stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Denque = require('denque');
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const isResumableError = require('./error').isResumableError;
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const Cursor = require('./cursor');
+const relayEvents = require('./core/utils').relayEvents;
+const maxWireVersion = require('./core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const maybePromise = require('./utils').maybePromise;
+const now = require('./utils').now;
+const calculateDurationInMs = require('./utils').calculateDurationInMs;
+const AggregateOperation = require('./operations/aggregate');
+
+const kResumeQueue = Symbol('resumeQueue');
+
+const CHANGE_STREAM_OPTIONS = ['resumeAfter', 'startAfter', 'startAtOperationTime', 'fullDocument'];
+const CURSOR_OPTIONS = ['batchSize', 'maxAwaitTimeMS', 'collation', 'readPreference'].concat(
+  CHANGE_STREAM_OPTIONS
+);
+
+const CHANGE_DOMAIN_TYPES = {
+  COLLECTION: Symbol('Collection'),
+  DATABASE: Symbol('Database'),
+  CLUSTER: Symbol('Cluster')
+};
+
+/**
+ * @typedef ResumeToken
+ * @description Represents the logical starting point for a new or resuming {@link ChangeStream} on the server.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/master/changeStreams/#change-stream-resume-token
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef OperationTime
+ * @description Represents a specific point in time on a server. Can be retrieved by using {@link Db#command}
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.runCommand/#response
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef ChangeStreamOptions
+ * @description Options that can be passed to a ChangeStream. Note that startAfter, resumeAfter, and startAtOperationTime are all mutually exclusive, and the server will error if more than one is specified.
+ * @property {string} [fullDocument='default'] Allowed values: ‘default’, ‘updateLookup’. When set to ‘updateLookup’, the change stream will include both a delta describing the changes to the document, as well as a copy of the entire document that was changed from some time after the change occurred.
+ * @property {number} [maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a change stream query.
+ * @property {ResumeToken} [resumeAfter] Allows you to start a changeStream after a specified event. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/master/changeStreams/#resumeafter-for-change-streams|ChangeStream documentation}.
+ * @property {ResumeToken} [startAfter] Similar to resumeAfter, but will allow you to start after an invalidated event. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/master/changeStreams/#startafter-for-change-streams|ChangeStream documentation}.
+ * @property {OperationTime} [startAtOperationTime] Will start the changeStream after the specified operationTime.
+ * @property {number} [batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @property {object} [collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @property {ReadPreference} [readPreference] The read preference. Defaults to the read preference of the database or collection. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-preference|read preference documentation}.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Change Stream instance. Normally created using {@link Collection#watch|Collection.watch()}.
+ * @class ChangeStream
+ * @since 3.0.0
+ * @param {(MongoClient|Db|Collection)} parent The parent object that created this change stream
+ * @param {Array} pipeline An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/|aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents
+ * @param {ChangeStreamOptions} [options] Optional settings
+ * @fires ChangeStream#close
+ * @fires ChangeStream#change
+ * @fires ChangeStream#end
+ * @fires ChangeStream#error
+ * @fires ChangeStream#resumeTokenChanged
+ * @return {ChangeStream} a ChangeStream instance.
+ */
+class ChangeStream extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(parent, pipeline, options) {
+    super();
+    const Collection = require('./collection');
+    const Db = require('./db');
+    const MongoClient = require('./mongo_client');
+
+    this.pipeline = pipeline || [];
+    this.options = options || {};
+
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this.namespace = parent.s.namespace;
+    if (parent instanceof Collection) {
+      this.type = CHANGE_DOMAIN_TYPES.COLLECTION;
+      this.topology = parent.s.db.serverConfig;
+    } else if (parent instanceof Db) {
+      this.type = CHANGE_DOMAIN_TYPES.DATABASE;
+      this.topology = parent.serverConfig;
+    } else if (parent instanceof MongoClient) {
+      this.type = CHANGE_DOMAIN_TYPES.CLUSTER;
+      this.topology = parent.topology;
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError(
+        'parent provided to ChangeStream constructor is not an instance of Collection, Db, or MongoClient'
+      );
+    }
+
+    this.promiseLibrary = parent.s.promiseLibrary;
+    if (!this.options.readPreference && parent.s.readPreference) {
+      this.options.readPreference = parent.s.readPreference;
+    }
+
+    this[kResumeQueue] = new Denque();
+
+    // Create contained Change Stream cursor
+    this.cursor = createChangeStreamCursor(this, options);
+
+    this.closed = false;
+
+    // Listen for any `change` listeners being added to ChangeStream
+    this.on('newListener', eventName => {
+      if (eventName === 'change' && this.cursor && this.listenerCount('change') === 0) {
+        this.cursor.on('data', change => processNewChange(this, change));
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Listen for all `change` listeners being removed from ChangeStream
+    this.on('removeListener', eventName => {
+      if (eventName === 'change' && this.listenerCount('change') === 0 && this.cursor) {
+        this.cursor.removeAllListeners('data');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @property {ResumeToken} resumeToken
+   * The cached resume token that will be used to resume
+   * after the most recently returned change.
+   */
+  get resumeToken() {
+    return this.cursor.resumeToken;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if there is any document still available in the Change Stream
+   * @function ChangeStream.prototype.hasNext
+   * @param {ChangeStream~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @returns {Promise|void} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  hasNext(callback) {
+    return maybePromise(this.parent, callback, cb => {
+      getCursor(this, (err, cursor) => {
+        if (err) return cb(err); // failed to resume, raise an error
+        cursor.hasNext(cb);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the next available document from the Change Stream, returns null if no more documents are available.
+   * @function ChangeStream.prototype.next
+   * @param {ChangeStream~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @returns {Promise|void} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  next(callback) {
+    return maybePromise(this.parent, callback, cb => {
+      getCursor(this, (err, cursor) => {
+        if (err) return cb(err); // failed to resume, raise an error
+        cursor.next((error, change) => {
+          if (error) {
+            this[kResumeQueue].push(() => this.next(cb));
+            processError(this, error, cb);
+            return;
+          }
+          processNewChange(this, change, cb);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Is the change stream closed
+   * @method ChangeStream.prototype.isClosed
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  isClosed() {
+    return this.closed || (this.cursor && this.cursor.isClosed());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the Change Stream
+   * @method ChangeStream.prototype.close
+   * @param {ChangeStream~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  close(callback) {
+    return maybePromise(this.parent, callback, cb => {
+      if (this.closed) return cb();
+
+      // flag the change stream as explicitly closed
+      this.closed = true;
+
+      if (!this.cursor) return cb();
+
+      // Tidy up the existing cursor
+      const cursor = this.cursor;
+
+      return cursor.close(err => {
+        ['data', 'close', 'end', 'error'].forEach(event => cursor.removeAllListeners(event));
+        this.cursor = undefined;
+
+        return cb(err);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method pulls all the data out of a readable stream, and writes it to the supplied destination, automatically managing the flow so that the destination is not overwhelmed by a fast readable stream.
+   * @method
+   * @param {Writable} destination The destination for writing data
+   * @param {object} [options] {@link https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_readable_pipe_destination_options|Pipe options}
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  pipe(destination, options) {
+    if (!this.pipeDestinations) {
+      this.pipeDestinations = [];
+    }
+    this.pipeDestinations.push(destination);
+    return this.cursor.pipe(destination, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method will remove the hooks set up for a previous pipe() call.
+   * @param {Writable} [destination] The destination for writing data
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  unpipe(destination) {
+    if (this.pipeDestinations && this.pipeDestinations.indexOf(destination) > -1) {
+      this.pipeDestinations.splice(this.pipeDestinations.indexOf(destination), 1);
+    }
+    return this.cursor.unpipe(destination);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a modified Readable stream including a possible transform method.
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+   * @param {function} [options.transform] A transformation method applied to each document emitted by the stream.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  stream(options) {
+    this.streamOptions = options;
+    return this.cursor.stream(options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method will cause a stream in flowing mode to stop emitting data events. Any data that becomes available will remain in the internal buffer.
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  pause() {
+    return this.cursor.pause();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method will cause the readable stream to resume emitting data events.
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  resume() {
+    return this.cursor.resume();
+  }
+}
+
+class ChangeStreamCursor extends Cursor {
+  constructor(topology, operation, options) {
+    super(topology, operation, options);
+
+    options = options || {};
+    this._resumeToken = null;
+    this.startAtOperationTime = options.startAtOperationTime;
+
+    if (options.startAfter) {
+      this.resumeToken = options.startAfter;
+    } else if (options.resumeAfter) {
+      this.resumeToken = options.resumeAfter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  set resumeToken(token) {
+    this._resumeToken = token;
+    this.emit('resumeTokenChanged', token);
+  }
+
+  get resumeToken() {
+    return this._resumeToken;
+  }
+
+  get resumeOptions() {
+    const result = {};
+    for (const optionName of CURSOR_OPTIONS) {
+      if (this.options[optionName]) result[optionName] = this.options[optionName];
+    }
+
+    if (this.resumeToken || this.startAtOperationTime) {
+      ['resumeAfter', 'startAfter', 'startAtOperationTime'].forEach(key => delete result[key]);
+
+      if (this.resumeToken) {
+        const resumeKey =
+          this.options.startAfter && !this.hasReceived ? 'startAfter' : 'resumeAfter';
+        result[resumeKey] = this.resumeToken;
+      } else if (this.startAtOperationTime && maxWireVersion(this.server) >= 7) {
+        result.startAtOperationTime = this.startAtOperationTime;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  cacheResumeToken(resumeToken) {
+    if (this.bufferedCount() === 0 && this.cursorState.postBatchResumeToken) {
+      this.resumeToken = this.cursorState.postBatchResumeToken;
+    } else {
+      this.resumeToken = resumeToken;
+    }
+    this.hasReceived = true;
+  }
+
+  _processBatch(batchName, response) {
+    const cursor = response.cursor;
+    if (cursor.postBatchResumeToken) {
+      this.cursorState.postBatchResumeToken = cursor.postBatchResumeToken;
+
+      if (cursor[batchName].length === 0) {
+        this.resumeToken = cursor.postBatchResumeToken;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  _initializeCursor(callback) {
+    super._initializeCursor((err, result) => {
+      if (err || result == null) {
+        callback(err, result);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const response = result.documents[0];
+
+      if (
+        this.startAtOperationTime == null &&
+        this.resumeAfter == null &&
+        this.startAfter == null &&
+        maxWireVersion(this.server) >= 7
+      ) {
+        this.startAtOperationTime = response.operationTime;
+      }
+
+      this._processBatch('firstBatch', response);
+
+      this.emit('init', result);
+      this.emit('response');
+      callback(err, result);
+    });
+  }
+
+  _getMore(callback) {
+    super._getMore((err, response) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this._processBatch('nextBatch', response);
+
+      this.emit('more', response);
+      this.emit('response');
+      callback(err, response);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @event ChangeStreamCursor#response
+ * internal event DO NOT USE
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+// Create a new change stream cursor based on self's configuration
+function createChangeStreamCursor(self, options) {
+  const changeStreamStageOptions = { fullDocument: options.fullDocument || 'default' };
+  applyKnownOptions(changeStreamStageOptions, options, CHANGE_STREAM_OPTIONS);
+  if (self.type === CHANGE_DOMAIN_TYPES.CLUSTER) {
+    changeStreamStageOptions.allChangesForCluster = true;
+  }
+
+  const pipeline = [{ $changeStream: changeStreamStageOptions }].concat(self.pipeline);
+  const cursorOptions = applyKnownOptions({}, options, CURSOR_OPTIONS);
+
+  const changeStreamCursor = new ChangeStreamCursor(
+    self.topology,
+    new AggregateOperation(self.parent, pipeline, options),
+    cursorOptions
+  );
+
+  relayEvents(changeStreamCursor, self, ['resumeTokenChanged', 'end', 'close']);
+
+  /**
+   * Fired for each new matching change in the specified namespace. Attaching a `change`
+   * event listener to a Change Stream will switch the stream into flowing mode. Data will
+   * then be passed as soon as it is available.
+   *
+   * @event ChangeStream#change
+   * @type {object}
+   */
+  if (self.listenerCount('change') > 0) {
+    changeStreamCursor.on('data', function(change) {
+      processNewChange(self, change);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Change stream close event
+   *
+   * @event ChangeStream#close
+   * @type {null}
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Change stream end event
+   *
+   * @event ChangeStream#end
+   * @type {null}
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Emitted each time the change stream stores a new resume token.
+   *
+   * @event ChangeStream#resumeTokenChanged
+   * @type {ResumeToken}
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Fired when the stream encounters an error.
+   *
+   * @event ChangeStream#error
+   * @type {Error}
+   */
+  changeStreamCursor.on('error', function(error) {
+    processError(self, error);
+  });
+
+  if (self.pipeDestinations) {
+    const cursorStream = changeStreamCursor.stream(self.streamOptions);
+    for (let pipeDestination of self.pipeDestinations) {
+      cursorStream.pipe(pipeDestination);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return changeStreamCursor;
+}
+
+function applyKnownOptions(target, source, optionNames) {
+  optionNames.forEach(name => {
+    if (source[name]) {
+      target[name] = source[name];
+    }
+  });
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+// This method performs a basic server selection loop, satisfying the requirements of
+// ChangeStream resumability until the new SDAM layer can be used.
+const SELECTION_TIMEOUT = 30000;
+function waitForTopologyConnected(topology, options, callback) {
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    if (options && options.start == null) {
+      options.start = now();
+    }
+
+    const start = options.start || now();
+    const timeout = options.timeout || SELECTION_TIMEOUT;
+    const readPreference = options.readPreference;
+    if (topology.isConnected({ readPreference })) {
+      return callback();
+    }
+
+    if (calculateDurationInMs(start) > timeout) {
+      return callback(new MongoError('Timed out waiting for connection'));
+    }
+
+    waitForTopologyConnected(topology, options, callback);
+  }, 500); // this is an arbitrary wait time to allow SDAM to transition
+}
+
+function processNewChange(changeStream, change, callback) {
+  const cursor = changeStream.cursor;
+
+  // a null change means the cursor has been notified, implicitly closing the change stream
+  if (change == null) {
+    changeStream.closed = true;
+  }
+
+  if (changeStream.closed) {
+    if (callback) callback(new MongoError('ChangeStream is closed'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (change && !change._id) {
+    const noResumeTokenError = new Error(
+      'A change stream document has been received that lacks a resume token (_id).'
+    );
+
+    if (!callback) return changeStream.emit('error', noResumeTokenError);
+    return callback(noResumeTokenError);
+  }
+
+  // cache the resume token
+  cursor.cacheResumeToken(change._id);
+
+  // wipe the startAtOperationTime if there was one so that there won't be a conflict
+  // between resumeToken and startAtOperationTime if we need to reconnect the cursor
+  changeStream.options.startAtOperationTime = undefined;
+
+  // Return the change
+  if (!callback) return changeStream.emit('change', change);
+  return callback(undefined, change);
+}
+
+function processError(changeStream, error, callback) {
+  const topology = changeStream.topology;
+  const cursor = changeStream.cursor;
+
+  // If the change stream has been closed explictly, do not process error.
+  if (changeStream.closed) {
+    if (callback) callback(new MongoError('ChangeStream is closed'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // if the resume succeeds, continue with the new cursor
+  function resumeWithCursor(newCursor) {
+    changeStream.cursor = newCursor;
+    processResumeQueue(changeStream);
+  }
+
+  // otherwise, raise an error and close the change stream
+  function unresumableError(err) {
+    if (!callback) {
+      changeStream.emit('error', err);
+      changeStream.emit('close');
+    }
+    processResumeQueue(changeStream, err);
+    changeStream.closed = true;
+  }
+
+  if (cursor && isResumableError(error, maxWireVersion(cursor.server))) {
+    changeStream.cursor = undefined;
+
+    // stop listening to all events from old cursor
+    ['data', 'close', 'end', 'error'].forEach(event => cursor.removeAllListeners(event));
+
+    // close internal cursor, ignore errors
+    cursor.close();
+
+    waitForTopologyConnected(topology, { readPreference: cursor.options.readPreference }, err => {
+      // if the topology can't reconnect, close the stream
+      if (err) return unresumableError(err);
+
+      // create a new cursor, preserving the old cursor's options
+      const newCursor = createChangeStreamCursor(changeStream, cursor.resumeOptions);
+
+      // attempt to continue in emitter mode
+      if (!callback) return resumeWithCursor(newCursor);
+
+      // attempt to continue in iterator mode
+      newCursor.hasNext(err => {
+        // if there's an error immediately after resuming, close the stream
+        if (err) return unresumableError(err);
+        resumeWithCursor(newCursor);
+      });
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) return changeStream.emit('error', error);
+  return callback(error);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Safely provides a cursor across resume attempts
+ *
+ * @param {ChangeStream} changeStream the parent ChangeStream
+ * @param {function} callback gets the cursor or error
+ * @param {ChangeStreamCursor} [oldCursor] when resuming from an error, carry over options from previous cursor
+ */
+function getCursor(changeStream, callback) {
+  if (changeStream.isClosed()) {
+    callback(new MongoError('ChangeStream is closed.'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // if a cursor exists and it is open, return it
+  if (changeStream.cursor) {
+    callback(undefined, changeStream.cursor);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // no cursor, queue callback until topology reconnects
+  changeStream[kResumeQueue].push(callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Drain the resume queue when a new has become available
+ *
+ * @param {ChangeStream} changeStream the parent ChangeStream
+ * @param {ChangeStreamCursor?} changeStream.cursor the new cursor
+ * @param {Error} [err] error getting a new cursor
+ */
+function processResumeQueue(changeStream, err) {
+  while (changeStream[kResumeQueue].length) {
+    const request = changeStream[kResumeQueue].pop();
+    if (changeStream.isClosed() && !err) {
+      request(new MongoError('Change Stream is not open.'));
+      return;
+    }
+    request(err, changeStream.cursor);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback ChangeStream~resultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {(object|null)} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+module.exports = ChangeStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/connection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/connection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81925b962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/connection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const MessageStream = require('./message_stream');
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../core/error').MongoNetworkError;
+const MongoNetworkTimeoutError = require('../core/error').MongoNetworkTimeoutError;
+const MongoWriteConcernError = require('../core/error').MongoWriteConcernError;
+const CommandResult = require('../core/connection/command_result');
+const StreamDescription = require('./stream_description').StreamDescription;
+const wp = require('../core/wireprotocol');
+const apm = require('../core/connection/apm');
+const updateSessionFromResponse = require('../core/sessions').updateSessionFromResponse;
+const uuidV4 = require('../core/utils').uuidV4;
+const now = require('../utils').now;
+const calculateDurationInMs = require('../utils').calculateDurationInMs;
+
+const kStream = Symbol('stream');
+const kQueue = Symbol('queue');
+const kMessageStream = Symbol('messageStream');
+const kGeneration = Symbol('generation');
+const kLastUseTime = Symbol('lastUseTime');
+const kClusterTime = Symbol('clusterTime');
+const kDescription = Symbol('description');
+const kIsMaster = Symbol('ismaster');
+const kAutoEncrypter = Symbol('autoEncrypter');
+
+class Connection extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(stream, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.id = options.id;
+    this.address = streamIdentifier(stream);
+    this.bson = options.bson;
+    this.socketTimeout = typeof options.socketTimeout === 'number' ? options.socketTimeout : 0;
+    this.host = options.host || 'localhost';
+    this.port = options.port || 27017;
+    this.monitorCommands =
+      typeof options.monitorCommands === 'boolean' ? options.monitorCommands : false;
+    this.closed = false;
+    this.destroyed = false;
+
+    this[kDescription] = new StreamDescription(this.address, options);
+    this[kGeneration] = options.generation;
+    this[kLastUseTime] = now();
+
+    // retain a reference to an `AutoEncrypter` if present
+    if (options.autoEncrypter) {
+      this[kAutoEncrypter] = options.autoEncrypter;
+    }
+
+    // setup parser stream and message handling
+    this[kQueue] = new Map();
+    this[kMessageStream] = new MessageStream(options);
+    this[kMessageStream].on('message', messageHandler(this));
+    this[kStream] = stream;
+    stream.on('error', () => {
+      /* ignore errors, listen to `close` instead */
+    });
+
+    this[kMessageStream].on('error', error => this.handleIssue({ destroy: error }));
+    stream.on('close', () => this.handleIssue({ isClose: true }));
+    stream.on('timeout', () => this.handleIssue({ isTimeout: true, destroy: true }));
+
+    // hook the message stream up to the passed in stream
+    stream.pipe(this[kMessageStream]);
+    this[kMessageStream].pipe(stream);
+  }
+
+  get description() {
+    return this[kDescription];
+  }
+
+  get ismaster() {
+    return this[kIsMaster];
+  }
+
+  // the `connect` method stores the result of the handshake ismaster on the connection
+  set ismaster(response) {
+    this[kDescription].receiveResponse(response);
+
+    // TODO: remove this, and only use the `StreamDescription` in the future
+    this[kIsMaster] = response;
+  }
+
+  get generation() {
+    return this[kGeneration] || 0;
+  }
+
+  get idleTime() {
+    return calculateDurationInMs(this[kLastUseTime]);
+  }
+
+  get clusterTime() {
+    return this[kClusterTime];
+  }
+
+  get stream() {
+    return this[kStream];
+  }
+
+  markAvailable() {
+    this[kLastUseTime] = now();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {{ isTimeout?: boolean; isClose?: boolean; destroy?: boolean | Error }} issue
+   */
+  handleIssue(issue) {
+    if (this.closed) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (issue.destroy) {
+      this[kStream].destroy(typeof issue.destroy === 'boolean' ? undefined : issue.destroy);
+    }
+
+    this.closed = true;
+
+    for (const idAndOp of this[kQueue]) {
+      const op = idAndOp[1];
+      if (issue.isTimeout) {
+        op.cb(
+          new MongoNetworkTimeoutError(`connection ${this.id} to ${this.address} timed out`, {
+            beforeHandshake: this.ismaster == null
+          })
+        );
+      } else if (issue.isClose) {
+        op.cb(new MongoNetworkError(`connection ${this.id} to ${this.address} closed`));
+      } else {
+        op.cb(typeof issue.destroy === 'boolean' ? undefined : issue.destroy);
+      }
+    }
+
+    this[kQueue].clear();
+    this.emit('close');
+  }
+
+  destroy(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = {};
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign({ force: false }, options);
+    if (this[kStream] == null || this.destroyed) {
+      this.destroyed = true;
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback();
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (options.force) {
+      this[kStream].destroy();
+      this.destroyed = true;
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback();
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this[kStream].end(err => {
+      this.destroyed = true;
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(err);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Wire protocol methods
+  command(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+    wp.command(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, cmd, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  query(ns, cmd, cursorState, options, callback) {
+    wp.query(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, cmd, cursorState, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  getMore(ns, cursorState, batchSize, options, callback) {
+    wp.getMore(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, cursorState, batchSize, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  killCursors(ns, cursorState, callback) {
+    wp.killCursors(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, cursorState, callback);
+  }
+
+  insert(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    wp.insert(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  update(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    wp.update(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  remove(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    wp.remove(makeServerTrampoline(this), ns, ops, options, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+/// This lets us emulate a legacy `Server` instance so we can work with the existing wire
+/// protocol methods. Eventually, the operation executor will return a `Connection` to execute
+/// against.
+function makeServerTrampoline(connection) {
+  const server = {
+    description: connection.description,
+    clusterTime: connection[kClusterTime],
+    s: {
+      bson: connection.bson,
+      pool: { write: write.bind(connection), isConnected: () => true }
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (connection[kAutoEncrypter]) {
+    server.autoEncrypter = connection[kAutoEncrypter];
+  }
+
+  return server;
+}
+
+function messageHandler(conn) {
+  return function messageHandler(message) {
+    // always emit the message, in case we are streaming
+    conn.emit('message', message);
+    if (!conn[kQueue].has(message.responseTo)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const operationDescription = conn[kQueue].get(message.responseTo);
+    const callback = operationDescription.cb;
+
+    // SERVER-45775: For exhaust responses we should be able to use the same requestId to
+    // track response, however the server currently synthetically produces remote requests
+    // making the `responseTo` change on each response
+    conn[kQueue].delete(message.responseTo);
+    if (message.moreToCome) {
+      // requeue the callback for next synthetic request
+      conn[kQueue].set(message.requestId, operationDescription);
+    } else if (operationDescription.socketTimeoutOverride) {
+      conn[kStream].setTimeout(conn.socketTimeout);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Pass in the entire description because it has BSON parsing options
+      message.parse(operationDescription);
+    } catch (err) {
+      callback(new MongoError(err));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (message.documents[0]) {
+      const document = message.documents[0];
+      const session = operationDescription.session;
+      if (session) {
+        updateSessionFromResponse(session, document);
+      }
+
+      if (document.$clusterTime) {
+        conn[kClusterTime] = document.$clusterTime;
+        conn.emit('clusterTimeReceived', document.$clusterTime);
+      }
+
+      if (operationDescription.command) {
+        if (document.writeConcernError) {
+          callback(new MongoWriteConcernError(document.writeConcernError, document));
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (document.ok === 0 || document.$err || document.errmsg || document.code) {
+          callback(new MongoError(document));
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // NODE-2382: reenable in our glorious non-leaky abstraction future
+    // callback(null, operationDescription.fullResult ? message : message.documents[0]);
+
+    callback(
+      undefined,
+      new CommandResult(
+        operationDescription.fullResult ? message : message.documents[0],
+        conn,
+        message
+      )
+    );
+  };
+}
+
+function streamIdentifier(stream) {
+  if (typeof stream.address === 'function') {
+    return `${stream.remoteAddress}:${stream.remotePort}`;
+  }
+
+  return uuidV4().toString('hex');
+}
+
+// Not meant to be called directly, the wire protocol methods call this assuming it is a `Pool` instance
+function write(command, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const operationDescription = {
+    requestId: command.requestId,
+    cb: callback,
+    session: options.session,
+    fullResult: typeof options.fullResult === 'boolean' ? options.fullResult : false,
+    noResponse: typeof options.noResponse === 'boolean' ? options.noResponse : false,
+    documentsReturnedIn: options.documentsReturnedIn,
+    command: !!options.command,
+
+    // for BSON parsing
+    promoteLongs: typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? options.promoteLongs : true,
+    promoteValues: typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? options.promoteValues : true,
+    promoteBuffers: typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? options.promoteBuffers : false,
+    raw: typeof options.raw === 'boolean' ? options.raw : false
+  };
+
+  if (this[kDescription] && this[kDescription].compressor) {
+    operationDescription.agreedCompressor = this[kDescription].compressor;
+
+    if (this[kDescription].zlibCompressionLevel) {
+      operationDescription.zlibCompressionLevel = this[kDescription].zlibCompressionLevel;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options.socketTimeout === 'number') {
+    operationDescription.socketTimeoutOverride = true;
+    this[kStream].setTimeout(options.socketTimeout);
+  }
+
+  // if command monitoring is enabled we need to modify the callback here
+  if (this.monitorCommands) {
+    this.emit('commandStarted', new apm.CommandStartedEvent(this, command));
+
+    operationDescription.started = now();
+    operationDescription.cb = (err, reply) => {
+      if (err) {
+        this.emit(
+          'commandFailed',
+          new apm.CommandFailedEvent(this, command, err, operationDescription.started)
+        );
+      } else {
+        if (reply && reply.result && (reply.result.ok === 0 || reply.result.$err)) {
+          this.emit(
+            'commandFailed',
+            new apm.CommandFailedEvent(this, command, reply.result, operationDescription.started)
+          );
+        } else {
+          this.emit(
+            'commandSucceeded',
+            new apm.CommandSucceededEvent(this, command, reply, operationDescription.started)
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(err, reply);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (!operationDescription.noResponse) {
+    this[kQueue].set(operationDescription.requestId, operationDescription);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    this[kMessageStream].writeCommand(command, operationDescription);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (!operationDescription.noResponse) {
+      this[kQueue].delete(operationDescription.requestId);
+      operationDescription.cb(e);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (operationDescription.noResponse) {
+    operationDescription.cb();
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  Connection
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/connection_pool.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/connection_pool.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4500d9a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/connection_pool.js
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Denque = require('denque');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const Logger = require('../core/connection/logger');
+const makeCounter = require('../utils').makeCounter;
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+const Connection = require('./connection').Connection;
+const eachAsync = require('../core/utils').eachAsync;
+const connect = require('../core/connection/connect');
+const relayEvents = require('../core/utils').relayEvents;
+
+const errors = require('./errors');
+const PoolClosedError = errors.PoolClosedError;
+const WaitQueueTimeoutError = errors.WaitQueueTimeoutError;
+
+const events = require('./events');
+const ConnectionPoolCreatedEvent = events.ConnectionPoolCreatedEvent;
+const ConnectionPoolClosedEvent = events.ConnectionPoolClosedEvent;
+const ConnectionCreatedEvent = events.ConnectionCreatedEvent;
+const ConnectionReadyEvent = events.ConnectionReadyEvent;
+const ConnectionClosedEvent = events.ConnectionClosedEvent;
+const ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent = events.ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent;
+const ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent = events.ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent;
+const ConnectionCheckedOutEvent = events.ConnectionCheckedOutEvent;
+const ConnectionCheckedInEvent = events.ConnectionCheckedInEvent;
+const ConnectionPoolClearedEvent = events.ConnectionPoolClearedEvent;
+
+const kLogger = Symbol('logger');
+const kConnections = Symbol('connections');
+const kPermits = Symbol('permits');
+const kMinPoolSizeTimer = Symbol('minPoolSizeTimer');
+const kGeneration = Symbol('generation');
+const kConnectionCounter = Symbol('connectionCounter');
+const kCancellationToken = Symbol('cancellationToken');
+const kWaitQueue = Symbol('waitQueue');
+const kCancelled = Symbol('cancelled');
+
+const VALID_POOL_OPTIONS = new Set([
+  // `connect` options
+  'ssl',
+  'bson',
+  'connectionType',
+  'monitorCommands',
+  'socketTimeout',
+  'credentials',
+  'compression',
+
+  // node Net options
+  'host',
+  'port',
+  'localAddress',
+  'localPort',
+  'family',
+  'hints',
+  'lookup',
+  'path',
+
+  // node TLS options
+  'ca',
+  'cert',
+  'sigalgs',
+  'ciphers',
+  'clientCertEngine',
+  'crl',
+  'dhparam',
+  'ecdhCurve',
+  'honorCipherOrder',
+  'key',
+  'privateKeyEngine',
+  'privateKeyIdentifier',
+  'maxVersion',
+  'minVersion',
+  'passphrase',
+  'pfx',
+  'secureOptions',
+  'secureProtocol',
+  'sessionIdContext',
+  'allowHalfOpen',
+  'rejectUnauthorized',
+  'pskCallback',
+  'ALPNProtocols',
+  'servername',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'session',
+  'minDHSize',
+  'secureContext',
+
+  // spec options
+  'maxPoolSize',
+  'minPoolSize',
+  'maxIdleTimeMS',
+  'waitQueueTimeoutMS'
+]);
+
+function resolveOptions(options, defaults) {
+  const newOptions = Array.from(VALID_POOL_OPTIONS).reduce((obj, key) => {
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, key)) {
+      obj[key] = options[key];
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+  }, {});
+
+  return Object.freeze(Object.assign({}, defaults, newOptions));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for drivers wrapping the node driver.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} ConnectionPoolOptions
+ * @property
+ * @property {string} [host] The host to connect to
+ * @property {number} [port] The port to connect to
+ * @property {bson} [bson] The BSON instance to use for new connections
+ * @property {number} [maxPoolSize=100] The maximum number of connections that may be associated with a pool at a given time. This includes in use and available connections.
+ * @property {number} [minPoolSize=0] The minimum number of connections that MUST exist at any moment in a single connection pool.
+ * @property {number} [maxIdleTimeMS] The maximum amount of time a connection should remain idle in the connection pool before being marked idle.
+ * @property {number} [waitQueueTimeoutMS=0] The maximum amount of time operation execution should wait for a connection to become available. The default is 0 which means there is no limit.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A pool of connections which dynamically resizes, and emit events related to pool activity
+ *
+ * @property {number} generation An integer representing the SDAM generation of the pool
+ * @property {number} totalConnectionCount An integer expressing how many total connections (active + in use) the pool currently has
+ * @property {number} availableConnectionCount An integer expressing how many connections are currently available in the pool.
+ * @property {string} address The address of the endpoint the pool is connected to
+ *
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionPoolCreated
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionPoolClosed
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionCreated
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionReady
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionClosed
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionCheckOutStarted
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionCheckOutFailed
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionCheckedOut
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionCheckedIn
+ * @emits ConnectionPool#connectionPoolCleared
+ */
+class ConnectionPool extends EventEmitter {
+  /**
+   * Create a new Connection Pool
+   *
+   * @param {ConnectionPoolOptions} options
+   */
+  constructor(options) {
+    super();
+    options = options || {};
+
+    this.closed = false;
+    this.options = resolveOptions(options, {
+      connectionType: Connection,
+      maxPoolSize: typeof options.maxPoolSize === 'number' ? options.maxPoolSize : 100,
+      minPoolSize: typeof options.minPoolSize === 'number' ? options.minPoolSize : 0,
+      maxIdleTimeMS: typeof options.maxIdleTimeMS === 'number' ? options.maxIdleTimeMS : 0,
+      waitQueueTimeoutMS:
+        typeof options.waitQueueTimeoutMS === 'number' ? options.waitQueueTimeoutMS : 0,
+      autoEncrypter: options.autoEncrypter,
+      metadata: options.metadata
+    });
+
+    if (options.minSize > options.maxSize) {
+      throw new TypeError(
+        'Connection pool minimum size must not be greater than maxiumum pool size'
+      );
+    }
+
+    this[kLogger] = Logger('ConnectionPool', options);
+    this[kConnections] = new Denque();
+    this[kPermits] = this.options.maxPoolSize;
+    this[kMinPoolSizeTimer] = undefined;
+    this[kGeneration] = 0;
+    this[kConnectionCounter] = makeCounter(1);
+    this[kCancellationToken] = new EventEmitter();
+    this[kCancellationToken].setMaxListeners(Infinity);
+    this[kWaitQueue] = new Denque();
+
+    process.nextTick(() => {
+      this.emit('connectionPoolCreated', new ConnectionPoolCreatedEvent(this));
+      ensureMinPoolSize(this);
+    });
+  }
+
+  get address() {
+    return `${this.options.host}:${this.options.port}`;
+  }
+
+  get generation() {
+    return this[kGeneration];
+  }
+
+  get totalConnectionCount() {
+    return this[kConnections].length + (this.options.maxPoolSize - this[kPermits]);
+  }
+
+  get availableConnectionCount() {
+    return this[kConnections].length;
+  }
+
+  get waitQueueSize() {
+    return this[kWaitQueue].length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check a connection out of this pool. The connection will continue to be tracked, but no reference to it
+   * will be held by the pool. This means that if a connection is checked out it MUST be checked back in or
+   * explicitly destroyed by the new owner.
+   *
+   * @param {ConnectionPool~checkOutCallback} callback
+   */
+  checkOut(callback) {
+    this.emit('connectionCheckOutStarted', new ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent(this));
+
+    if (this.closed) {
+      this.emit('connectionCheckOutFailed', new ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent(this, 'poolClosed'));
+      callback(new PoolClosedError(this));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const waitQueueMember = { callback };
+
+    const pool = this;
+    const waitQueueTimeoutMS = this.options.waitQueueTimeoutMS;
+    if (waitQueueTimeoutMS) {
+      waitQueueMember.timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        waitQueueMember[kCancelled] = true;
+        waitQueueMember.timer = undefined;
+
+        pool.emit('connectionCheckOutFailed', new ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent(pool, 'timeout'));
+        waitQueueMember.callback(new WaitQueueTimeoutError(pool));
+      }, waitQueueTimeoutMS);
+    }
+
+    this[kWaitQueue].push(waitQueueMember);
+    process.nextTick(() => processWaitQueue(this));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check a connection into the pool.
+   *
+   * @param {Connection} connection The connection to check in
+   */
+  checkIn(connection) {
+    const poolClosed = this.closed;
+    const stale = connectionIsStale(this, connection);
+    const willDestroy = !!(poolClosed || stale || connection.closed);
+
+    if (!willDestroy) {
+      connection.markAvailable();
+      this[kConnections].push(connection);
+    }
+
+    this.emit('connectionCheckedIn', new ConnectionCheckedInEvent(this, connection));
+
+    if (willDestroy) {
+      const reason = connection.closed ? 'error' : poolClosed ? 'poolClosed' : 'stale';
+      destroyConnection(this, connection, reason);
+    }
+
+    process.nextTick(() => processWaitQueue(this));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear the pool
+   *
+   * Pool reset is handled by incrementing the pool's generation count. Any existing connection of a
+   * previous generation will eventually be pruned during subsequent checkouts.
+   */
+  clear() {
+    this[kGeneration] += 1;
+    this.emit('connectionPoolCleared', new ConnectionPoolClearedEvent(this));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the pool
+   *
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {boolean} [options.force] Force close connections
+   * @param {Function} callback
+   */
+  close(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign({ force: false }, options);
+    if (this.closed) {
+      return callback();
+    }
+
+    // immediately cancel any in-flight connections
+    this[kCancellationToken].emit('cancel');
+
+    // drain the wait queue
+    while (this.waitQueueSize) {
+      const waitQueueMember = this[kWaitQueue].pop();
+      clearTimeout(waitQueueMember.timer);
+      if (!waitQueueMember[kCancelled]) {
+        waitQueueMember.callback(new MongoError('connection pool closed'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // clear the min pool size timer
+    if (this[kMinPoolSizeTimer]) {
+      clearTimeout(this[kMinPoolSizeTimer]);
+    }
+
+    // end the connection counter
+    if (typeof this[kConnectionCounter].return === 'function') {
+      this[kConnectionCounter].return();
+    }
+
+    // mark the pool as closed immediately
+    this.closed = true;
+
+    eachAsync(
+      this[kConnections].toArray(),
+      (conn, cb) => {
+        this.emit('connectionClosed', new ConnectionClosedEvent(this, conn, 'poolClosed'));
+        conn.destroy(options, cb);
+      },
+      err => {
+        this[kConnections].clear();
+        this.emit('connectionPoolClosed', new ConnectionPoolClosedEvent(this));
+        callback(err);
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs a lambda with an implicitly checked out connection, checking that connection back in when the lambda
+   * has completed by calling back.
+   *
+   * NOTE: please note the required signature of `fn`
+   *
+   * @param {ConnectionPool~withConnectionCallback} fn A function which operates on a managed connection
+   * @param {Function} callback The original callback
+   * @return {Promise}
+   */
+  withConnection(fn, callback) {
+    this.checkOut((err, conn) => {
+      // don't callback with `err` here, we might want to act upon it inside `fn`
+
+      fn(err, conn, (fnErr, result) => {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+          if (fnErr) {
+            callback(fnErr);
+          } else {
+            callback(undefined, result);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (conn) {
+          this.checkIn(conn);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function ensureMinPoolSize(pool) {
+  if (pool.closed || pool.options.minPoolSize === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const minPoolSize = pool.options.minPoolSize;
+  for (let i = pool.totalConnectionCount; i < minPoolSize; ++i) {
+    createConnection(pool);
+  }
+
+  pool[kMinPoolSizeTimer] = setTimeout(() => ensureMinPoolSize(pool), 10);
+}
+
+function connectionIsStale(pool, connection) {
+  return connection.generation !== pool[kGeneration];
+}
+
+function connectionIsIdle(pool, connection) {
+  return !!(pool.options.maxIdleTimeMS && connection.idleTime > pool.options.maxIdleTimeMS);
+}
+
+function createConnection(pool, callback) {
+  const connectOptions = Object.assign(
+    {
+      id: pool[kConnectionCounter].next().value,
+      generation: pool[kGeneration]
+    },
+    pool.options
+  );
+
+  pool[kPermits]--;
+  connect(connectOptions, pool[kCancellationToken], (err, connection) => {
+    if (err) {
+      pool[kPermits]++;
+      pool[kLogger].debug(`connection attempt failed with error [${JSON.stringify(err)}]`);
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(err);
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // The pool might have closed since we started trying to create a connection
+    if (pool.closed) {
+      connection.destroy({ force: true });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // forward all events from the connection to the pool
+    relayEvents(connection, pool, [
+      'commandStarted',
+      'commandFailed',
+      'commandSucceeded',
+      'clusterTimeReceived'
+    ]);
+
+    pool.emit('connectionCreated', new ConnectionCreatedEvent(pool, connection));
+
+    connection.markAvailable();
+    pool.emit('connectionReady', new ConnectionReadyEvent(pool, connection));
+
+    // if a callback has been provided, check out the connection immediately
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(undefined, connection);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // otherwise add it to the pool for later acquisition, and try to process the wait queue
+    pool[kConnections].push(connection);
+    process.nextTick(() => processWaitQueue(pool));
+  });
+}
+
+function destroyConnection(pool, connection, reason) {
+  pool.emit('connectionClosed', new ConnectionClosedEvent(pool, connection, reason));
+
+  // allow more connections to be created
+  pool[kPermits]++;
+
+  // destroy the connection
+  process.nextTick(() => connection.destroy());
+}
+
+function processWaitQueue(pool) {
+  if (pool.closed) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  while (pool.waitQueueSize) {
+    const waitQueueMember = pool[kWaitQueue].peekFront();
+    if (waitQueueMember[kCancelled]) {
+      pool[kWaitQueue].shift();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!pool.availableConnectionCount) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    const connection = pool[kConnections].shift();
+    const isStale = connectionIsStale(pool, connection);
+    const isIdle = connectionIsIdle(pool, connection);
+    if (!isStale && !isIdle && !connection.closed) {
+      pool.emit('connectionCheckedOut', new ConnectionCheckedOutEvent(pool, connection));
+      clearTimeout(waitQueueMember.timer);
+      pool[kWaitQueue].shift();
+      waitQueueMember.callback(undefined, connection);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const reason = connection.closed ? 'error' : isStale ? 'stale' : 'idle';
+    destroyConnection(pool, connection, reason);
+  }
+
+  const maxPoolSize = pool.options.maxPoolSize;
+  if (pool.waitQueueSize && (maxPoolSize <= 0 || pool.totalConnectionCount < maxPoolSize)) {
+    createConnection(pool, (err, connection) => {
+      const waitQueueMember = pool[kWaitQueue].shift();
+      if (waitQueueMember == null || waitQueueMember[kCancelled]) {
+        if (err == null) {
+          pool[kConnections].push(connection);
+        }
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (err) {
+        pool.emit('connectionCheckOutFailed', new ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent(pool, err));
+      } else {
+        pool.emit('connectionCheckedOut', new ConnectionCheckedOutEvent(pool, connection));
+      }
+
+      clearTimeout(waitQueueMember.timer);
+      waitQueueMember.callback(err, connection);
+    });
+
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A callback provided to `withConnection`
+ *
+ * @callback ConnectionPool~withConnectionCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Connection} connection The managed connection which was checked out of the pool.
+ * @param {Function} callback A function to call back after connection management is complete
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A callback provided to `checkOut`
+ *
+ * @callback ConnectionPool~checkOutCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during checkout
+ * @param {Connection} connection A connection from the pool
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted once when the connection pool is created
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionPoolCreated
+ * @type {PoolCreatedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted once when the connection pool is closed
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionPoolClosed
+ * @type {PoolClosedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted each time a connection is created
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionCreated
+ * @type {ConnectionCreatedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted when a connection becomes established, and is ready to use
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionReady
+ * @type {ConnectionReadyEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted when a connection is closed
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionClosed
+ * @type {ConnectionClosedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted when an attempt to check out a connection begins
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionCheckOutStarted
+ * @type {ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted when an attempt to check out a connection fails
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionCheckOutFailed
+ * @type {ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted each time a connection is successfully checked out of the connection pool
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionCheckedOut
+ * @type {ConnectionCheckedOutEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted each time a connection is successfully checked into the connection pool
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionCheckedIn
+ * @type {ConnectionCheckedInEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted each time the connection pool is cleared and it's generation incremented
+ *
+ * @event ConnectionPool#connectionPoolCleared
+ * @type {PoolClearedEvent}
+ */
+
+module.exports = {
+  ConnectionPool
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/errors.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/errors.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9330195e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/errors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+
+/**
+ * An error indicating a connection pool is closed
+ *
+ * @property {string} address The address of the connection pool
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class PoolClosedError extends MongoError {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    super('Attempted to check out a connection from closed connection pool');
+    this.name = 'MongoPoolClosedError';
+    this.address = pool.address;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error thrown when a request to check out a connection times out
+ *
+ * @property {string} address The address of the connection pool
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class WaitQueueTimeoutError extends MongoError {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    super('Timed out while checking out a connection from connection pool');
+    this.name = 'MongoWaitQueueTimeoutError';
+    this.address = pool.address;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  PoolClosedError,
+  WaitQueueTimeoutError
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/events.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/events.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcc8b6752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/events.js
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * The base class for all monitoring events published from the connection pool
+ *
+ * @property {number} time A timestamp when the event was created
+ * @property {string} address The address (host/port pair) of the pool
+ */
+class ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    this.time = new Date();
+    this.address = pool.address;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection pool is created
+ *
+ * @property {Object} options The options used to create this connection pool
+ */
+class ConnectionPoolCreatedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.options = pool.options;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection pool is closed
+ */
+class ConnectionPoolClosedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    super(pool);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection pool creates a new connection
+ *
+ * @property {number} connectionId A monotonically increasing, per-pool id for the newly created connection
+ */
+class ConnectionCreatedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool, connection) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.connectionId = connection.id;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection is ready for use
+ *
+ * @property {number} connectionId The id of the connection
+ */
+class ConnectionReadyEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool, connection) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.connectionId = connection.id;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection is closed
+ *
+ * @property {number} connectionId The id of the connection
+ * @property {string} reason The reason the connection was closed
+ */
+class ConnectionClosedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool, connection, reason) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.connectionId = connection.id;
+    this.reason = reason || 'unknown';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a request to check a connection out begins
+ */
+class ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    super(pool);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a request to check a connection out fails
+ *
+ * @property {string} reason The reason the attempt to check out failed
+ */
+class ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool, reason) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.reason = reason;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection is checked out of the connection pool
+ *
+ * @property {number} connectionId The id of the connection
+ */
+class ConnectionCheckedOutEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool, connection) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.connectionId = connection.id;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection is checked into the connection pool
+ *
+ * @property {number} connectionId The id of the connection
+ */
+class ConnectionCheckedInEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool, connection) {
+    super(pool);
+    this.connectionId = connection.id;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event published when a connection pool is cleared
+ */
+class ConnectionPoolClearedEvent extends ConnectionPoolMonitoringEvent {
+  constructor(pool) {
+    super(pool);
+  }
+}
+
+const CMAP_EVENT_NAMES = [
+  'connectionPoolCreated',
+  'connectionPoolClosed',
+  'connectionCreated',
+  'connectionReady',
+  'connectionClosed',
+  'connectionCheckOutStarted',
+  'connectionCheckOutFailed',
+  'connectionCheckedOut',
+  'connectionCheckedIn',
+  'connectionPoolCleared'
+];
+
+module.exports = {
+  CMAP_EVENT_NAMES,
+  ConnectionPoolCreatedEvent,
+  ConnectionPoolClosedEvent,
+  ConnectionCreatedEvent,
+  ConnectionReadyEvent,
+  ConnectionClosedEvent,
+  ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent,
+  ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent,
+  ConnectionCheckedOutEvent,
+  ConnectionCheckedInEvent,
+  ConnectionPoolClearedEvent
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/message_stream.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/message_stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8f458e53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/message_stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Duplex = require('stream').Duplex;
+const BufferList = require('bl');
+const MongoParseError = require('../core/error').MongoParseError;
+const decompress = require('../core/wireprotocol/compression').decompress;
+const Response = require('../core/connection/commands').Response;
+const BinMsg = require('../core/connection/msg').BinMsg;
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+const OP_COMPRESSED = require('../core/wireprotocol/shared').opcodes.OP_COMPRESSED;
+const OP_MSG = require('../core/wireprotocol/shared').opcodes.OP_MSG;
+const MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE = require('../core/wireprotocol/shared').MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
+const COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE = require('../core/wireprotocol/shared').COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE;
+const opcodes = require('../core/wireprotocol/shared').opcodes;
+const compress = require('../core/wireprotocol/compression').compress;
+const compressorIDs = require('../core/wireprotocol/compression').compressorIDs;
+const uncompressibleCommands = require('../core/wireprotocol/compression').uncompressibleCommands;
+const Msg = require('../core/connection/msg').Msg;
+
+const kDefaultMaxBsonMessageSize = 1024 * 1024 * 16 * 4;
+const kBuffer = Symbol('buffer');
+
+/**
+ * A duplex stream that is capable of reading and writing raw wire protocol messages, with
+ * support for optional compression
+ */
+class MessageStream extends Duplex {
+  constructor(options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    super(options);
+
+    this.bson = options.bson;
+    this.maxBsonMessageSize = options.maxBsonMessageSize || kDefaultMaxBsonMessageSize;
+
+    this[kBuffer] = new BufferList();
+  }
+
+  _write(chunk, _, callback) {
+    const buffer = this[kBuffer];
+    buffer.append(chunk);
+
+    processIncomingData(this, callback);
+  }
+
+  _read(/* size */) {
+    // NOTE: This implementation is empty because we explicitly push data to be read
+    //       when `writeMessage` is called.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  writeCommand(command, operationDescription) {
+    // TODO: agreed compressor should live in `StreamDescription`
+    const shouldCompress = operationDescription && !!operationDescription.agreedCompressor;
+    if (!shouldCompress || !canCompress(command)) {
+      const data = command.toBin();
+      this.push(Array.isArray(data) ? Buffer.concat(data) : data);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // otherwise, compress the message
+    const concatenatedOriginalCommandBuffer = Buffer.concat(command.toBin());
+    const messageToBeCompressed = concatenatedOriginalCommandBuffer.slice(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+    // Extract information needed for OP_COMPRESSED from the uncompressed message
+    const originalCommandOpCode = concatenatedOriginalCommandBuffer.readInt32LE(12);
+
+    // Compress the message body
+    compress({ options: operationDescription }, messageToBeCompressed, (err, compressedMessage) => {
+      if (err) {
+        operationDescription.cb(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Create the msgHeader of OP_COMPRESSED
+      const msgHeader = Buffer.alloc(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
+      msgHeader.writeInt32LE(
+        MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE + COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE + compressedMessage.length,
+        0
+      ); // messageLength
+      msgHeader.writeInt32LE(command.requestId, 4); // requestID
+      msgHeader.writeInt32LE(0, 8); // responseTo (zero)
+      msgHeader.writeInt32LE(opcodes.OP_COMPRESSED, 12); // opCode
+
+      // Create the compression details of OP_COMPRESSED
+      const compressionDetails = Buffer.alloc(COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE);
+      compressionDetails.writeInt32LE(originalCommandOpCode, 0); // originalOpcode
+      compressionDetails.writeInt32LE(messageToBeCompressed.length, 4); // Size of the uncompressed compressedMessage, excluding the MsgHeader
+      compressionDetails.writeUInt8(compressorIDs[operationDescription.agreedCompressor], 8); // compressorID
+
+      this.push(Buffer.concat([msgHeader, compressionDetails, compressedMessage]));
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+// Return whether a command contains an uncompressible command term
+// Will return true if command contains no uncompressible command terms
+function canCompress(command) {
+  const commandDoc = command instanceof Msg ? command.command : command.query;
+  const commandName = Object.keys(commandDoc)[0];
+  return !uncompressibleCommands.has(commandName);
+}
+
+function processIncomingData(stream, callback) {
+  const buffer = stream[kBuffer];
+  if (buffer.length < 4) {
+    callback();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const sizeOfMessage = buffer.readInt32LE(0);
+  if (sizeOfMessage < 0) {
+    callback(new MongoParseError(`Invalid message size: ${sizeOfMessage}`));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (sizeOfMessage > stream.maxBsonMessageSize) {
+    callback(
+      new MongoParseError(
+        `Invalid message size: ${sizeOfMessage}, max allowed: ${stream.maxBsonMessageSize}`
+      )
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (sizeOfMessage > buffer.length) {
+    callback();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const message = buffer.slice(0, sizeOfMessage);
+  buffer.consume(sizeOfMessage);
+
+  const messageHeader = {
+    length: message.readInt32LE(0),
+    requestId: message.readInt32LE(4),
+    responseTo: message.readInt32LE(8),
+    opCode: message.readInt32LE(12)
+  };
+
+  let ResponseType = messageHeader.opCode === OP_MSG ? BinMsg : Response;
+  const responseOptions = stream.responseOptions;
+  if (messageHeader.opCode !== OP_COMPRESSED) {
+    const messageBody = message.slice(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
+    stream.emit(
+      'message',
+      new ResponseType(stream.bson, message, messageHeader, messageBody, responseOptions)
+    );
+
+    if (buffer.length >= 4) {
+      processIncomingData(stream, callback);
+    } else {
+      callback();
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  messageHeader.fromCompressed = true;
+  messageHeader.opCode = message.readInt32LE(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
+  messageHeader.length = message.readInt32LE(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE + 4);
+  const compressorID = message[MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE + 8];
+  const compressedBuffer = message.slice(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE + 9);
+
+  // recalculate based on wrapped opcode
+  ResponseType = messageHeader.opCode === OP_MSG ? BinMsg : Response;
+
+  decompress(compressorID, compressedBuffer, (err, messageBody) => {
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (messageBody.length !== messageHeader.length) {
+      callback(
+        new MongoError(
+          'Decompressing a compressed message from the server failed. The message is corrupt.'
+        )
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stream.emit(
+      'message',
+      new ResponseType(stream.bson, message, messageHeader, messageBody, responseOptions)
+    );
+
+    if (buffer.length >= 4) {
+      processIncomingData(stream, callback);
+    } else {
+      callback();
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = MessageStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/stream_description.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/stream_description.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e806a5f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cmap/stream_description.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+const parseServerType = require('../core/sdam/server_description').parseServerType;
+
+const RESPONSE_FIELDS = [
+  'minWireVersion',
+  'maxWireVersion',
+  'maxBsonObjectSize',
+  'maxMessageSizeBytes',
+  'maxWriteBatchSize',
+  '__nodejs_mock_server__'
+];
+
+class StreamDescription {
+  constructor(address, options) {
+    this.address = address;
+    this.type = parseServerType(null);
+    this.minWireVersion = undefined;
+    this.maxWireVersion = undefined;
+    this.maxBsonObjectSize = 16777216;
+    this.maxMessageSizeBytes = 48000000;
+    this.maxWriteBatchSize = 100000;
+    this.compressors =
+      options && options.compression && Array.isArray(options.compression.compressors)
+        ? options.compression.compressors
+        : [];
+  }
+
+  receiveResponse(response) {
+    this.type = parseServerType(response);
+
+    RESPONSE_FIELDS.forEach(field => {
+      if (typeof response[field] !== 'undefined') {
+        this[field] = response[field];
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (response.compression) {
+      this.compressor = this.compressors.filter(c => response.compression.indexOf(c) !== -1)[0];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  StreamDescription
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/collection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/collection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09b8304b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/collection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2240 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+const deprecateOptions = require('./utils').deprecateOptions;
+const emitWarningOnce = require('./utils').emitWarningOnce;
+const checkCollectionName = require('./utils').checkCollectionName;
+const ObjectID = require('./core').BSON.ObjectID;
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const normalizeHintField = require('./utils').normalizeHintField;
+const decorateCommand = require('./utils').decorateCommand;
+const decorateWithCollation = require('./utils').decorateWithCollation;
+const decorateWithReadConcern = require('./utils').decorateWithReadConcern;
+const formattedOrderClause = require('./utils').formattedOrderClause;
+const ReadPreference = require('./core').ReadPreference;
+const unordered = require('./bulk/unordered');
+const ordered = require('./bulk/ordered');
+const ChangeStream = require('./change_stream');
+const executeLegacyOperation = require('./utils').executeLegacyOperation;
+const WriteConcern = require('./write_concern');
+const ReadConcern = require('./read_concern');
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('./utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+const AggregationCursor = require('./aggregation_cursor');
+const CommandCursor = require('./command_cursor');
+
+// Operations
+const ensureIndex = require('./operations/collection_ops').ensureIndex;
+const group = require('./operations/collection_ops').group;
+const parallelCollectionScan = require('./operations/collection_ops').parallelCollectionScan;
+const removeDocuments = require('./operations/common_functions').removeDocuments;
+const save = require('./operations/collection_ops').save;
+const updateDocuments = require('./operations/common_functions').updateDocuments;
+
+const AggregateOperation = require('./operations/aggregate');
+const BulkWriteOperation = require('./operations/bulk_write');
+const CountDocumentsOperation = require('./operations/count_documents');
+const CreateIndexesOperation = require('./operations/create_indexes');
+const DeleteManyOperation = require('./operations/delete_many');
+const DeleteOneOperation = require('./operations/delete_one');
+const DistinctOperation = require('./operations/distinct');
+const DropCollectionOperation = require('./operations/drop').DropCollectionOperation;
+const DropIndexOperation = require('./operations/drop_index');
+const DropIndexesOperation = require('./operations/drop_indexes');
+const EstimatedDocumentCountOperation = require('./operations/estimated_document_count');
+const FindOperation = require('./operations/find');
+const FindOneOperation = require('./operations/find_one');
+const FindAndModifyOperation = require('./operations/find_and_modify');
+const FindOneAndDeleteOperation = require('./operations/find_one_and_delete');
+const FindOneAndReplaceOperation = require('./operations/find_one_and_replace');
+const FindOneAndUpdateOperation = require('./operations/find_one_and_update');
+const GeoHaystackSearchOperation = require('./operations/geo_haystack_search');
+const IndexesOperation = require('./operations/indexes');
+const IndexExistsOperation = require('./operations/index_exists');
+const IndexInformationOperation = require('./operations/index_information');
+const InsertManyOperation = require('./operations/insert_many');
+const InsertOneOperation = require('./operations/insert_one');
+const IsCappedOperation = require('./operations/is_capped');
+const ListIndexesOperation = require('./operations/list_indexes');
+const MapReduceOperation = require('./operations/map_reduce');
+const OptionsOperation = require('./operations/options_operation');
+const RenameOperation = require('./operations/rename');
+const ReIndexOperation = require('./operations/re_index');
+const ReplaceOneOperation = require('./operations/replace_one');
+const StatsOperation = require('./operations/stats');
+const UpdateManyOperation = require('./operations/update_many');
+const UpdateOneOperation = require('./operations/update_one');
+
+const executeOperation = require('./operations/execute_operation');
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Collection** class is an internal class that embodies a MongoDB collection
+ * allowing for insert/update/remove/find and other command operation on that MongoDB collection.
+ *
+ * **COLLECTION Cannot directly be instantiated**
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   // Create a collection we want to drop later
+ *   const col = client.db(dbName).collection('createIndexExample1');
+ *   // Show that duplicate records got dropped
+ *   col.find({}).toArray(function(err, items) {
+ *     test.equal(null, err);
+ *     test.equal(4, items.length);
+ *     client.close();
+ *   });
+ * });
+ */
+
+const mergeKeys = ['ignoreUndefined'];
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Collection instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class
+ */
+function Collection(db, topology, dbName, name, pkFactory, options) {
+  checkCollectionName(name);
+
+  // Unpack variables
+  const internalHint = null;
+  const slaveOk = options == null || options.slaveOk == null ? db.slaveOk : options.slaveOk;
+  const serializeFunctions =
+    options == null || options.serializeFunctions == null
+      ? db.s.options.serializeFunctions
+      : options.serializeFunctions;
+  const raw = options == null || options.raw == null ? db.s.options.raw : options.raw;
+  const promoteLongs =
+    options == null || options.promoteLongs == null
+      ? db.s.options.promoteLongs
+      : options.promoteLongs;
+  const promoteValues =
+    options == null || options.promoteValues == null
+      ? db.s.options.promoteValues
+      : options.promoteValues;
+  const promoteBuffers =
+    options == null || options.promoteBuffers == null
+      ? db.s.options.promoteBuffers
+      : options.promoteBuffers;
+  const collectionHint = null;
+
+  const namespace = new MongoDBNamespace(dbName, name);
+
+  // Get the promiseLibrary
+  const promiseLibrary = options.promiseLibrary || Promise;
+
+  // Set custom primary key factory if provided
+  pkFactory = pkFactory == null ? ObjectID : pkFactory;
+
+  // Internal state
+  this.s = {
+    // Set custom primary key factory if provided
+    pkFactory: pkFactory,
+    // Db
+    db: db,
+    // Topology
+    topology: topology,
+    // Options
+    options: options,
+    // Namespace
+    namespace: namespace,
+    // Read preference
+    readPreference: ReadPreference.fromOptions(options),
+    // SlaveOK
+    slaveOk: slaveOk,
+    // Serialize functions
+    serializeFunctions: serializeFunctions,
+    // Raw
+    raw: raw,
+    // promoteLongs
+    promoteLongs: promoteLongs,
+    // promoteValues
+    promoteValues: promoteValues,
+    // promoteBuffers
+    promoteBuffers: promoteBuffers,
+    // internalHint
+    internalHint: internalHint,
+    // collectionHint
+    collectionHint: collectionHint,
+    // Promise library
+    promiseLibrary: promiseLibrary,
+    // Read Concern
+    readConcern: ReadConcern.fromOptions(options),
+    // Write Concern
+    writeConcern: WriteConcern.fromOptions(options)
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The name of the database this collection belongs to
+ * @member {string} dbName
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ * @readonly
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'dbName', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.namespace.db;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The name of this collection
+ * @member {string} collectionName
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ * @readonly
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'collectionName', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.namespace.collection;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The namespace of this collection, in the format `${this.dbName}.${this.collectionName}`
+ * @member {string} namespace
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ * @readonly
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'namespace', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.namespace.toString();
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The current readConcern of the collection. If not explicitly defined for
+ * this collection, will be inherited from the parent DB
+ * @member {ReadConcern} [readConcern]
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ * @readonly
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'readConcern', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (this.s.readConcern == null) {
+      return this.s.db.readConcern;
+    }
+    return this.s.readConcern;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The current readPreference of the collection. If not explicitly defined for
+ * this collection, will be inherited from the parent DB
+ * @member {ReadPreference} [readPreference]
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ * @readonly
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'readPreference', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (this.s.readPreference == null) {
+      return this.s.db.readPreference;
+    }
+
+    return this.s.readPreference;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The current writeConcern of the collection. If not explicitly defined for
+ * this collection, will be inherited from the parent DB
+ * @member {WriteConcern} [writeConcern]
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ * @readonly
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'writeConcern', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (this.s.writeConcern == null) {
+      return this.s.db.writeConcern;
+    }
+    return this.s.writeConcern;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The current index hint for the collection
+ * @member {object} [hint]
+ * @memberof Collection#
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Collection.prototype, 'hint', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.collectionHint;
+  },
+  set: function(v) {
+    this.s.collectionHint = normalizeHintField(v);
+  }
+});
+
+const DEPRECATED_FIND_OPTIONS = ['maxScan', 'fields', 'snapshot', 'oplogReplay'];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a cursor for a query that can be used to iterate over results from MongoDB
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [query={}] The cursor query object.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.limit=0] Sets the limit of documents returned in the query.
+ * @param {(array|object)} [options.sort] Set to sort the documents coming back from the query. Array of indexes, [['a', 1]] etc.
+ * @param {object} [options.projection] The fields to return in the query. Object of fields to either include or exclude (one of, not both), {'a':1, 'b': 1} **or** {'a': 0, 'b': 0}
+ * @param {object} [options.fields] **Deprecated** Use `options.projection` instead
+ * @param {number} [options.skip=0] Set to skip N documents ahead in your query (useful for pagination).
+ * @param {Object} [options.hint] Tell the query to use specific indexes in the query. Object of indexes to use, {'_id':1}
+ * @param {boolean} [options.snapshot=false] DEPRECATED: Snapshot query.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.timeout=false] Specify if the cursor can timeout.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.tailable=false] Specify if the cursor is tailable.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.awaitData=false] Specify if the cursor is a a tailable-await cursor. Requires `tailable` to be true
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] Set the batchSize for the getMoreCommand when iterating over the query results.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.returnKey=false] Only return the index key.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxScan] DEPRECATED: Limit the number of items to scan.
+ * @param {number} [options.min] Set index bounds.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] Set index bounds.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.showDiskLoc=false] Show disk location of results.
+ * @param {string} [options.comment] You can put a $comment field on a query to make looking in the profiler logs simpler.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Promotes Long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.partial=false] Specify if the cursor should return partial results when querying against a sharded system
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a tailable cursor query. Requires `tailable` and `awaitData` to be true
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noCursorTimeout] The server normally times out idle cursors after an inactivity period (10 minutes) to prevent excess memory use. Set this option to prevent that.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.allowDiskUse] Enables writing to temporary files on the server.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Cursor}
+ */
+Collection.prototype.find = deprecateOptions(
+  {
+    name: 'collection.find',
+    deprecatedOptions: DEPRECATED_FIND_OPTIONS,
+    optionsIndex: 1
+  },
+  function(query, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'object') {
+      // TODO(MAJOR): throw in the future
+      emitWarningOnce('Third parameter to `find()` must be a callback or undefined');
+    }
+
+    let selector = query;
+    // figuring out arguments
+    if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+      if (typeof options === 'function') {
+        callback = options;
+        options = undefined;
+      } else if (options == null) {
+        callback = typeof selector === 'function' ? selector : undefined;
+        selector = typeof selector === 'object' ? selector : undefined;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Ensure selector is not null
+    selector = selector == null ? {} : selector;
+    // Validate correctness off the selector
+    const object = selector;
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(object)) {
+      const object_size = object[0] | (object[1] << 8) | (object[2] << 16) | (object[3] << 24);
+      if (object_size !== object.length) {
+        const error = new Error(
+          'query selector raw message size does not match message header size [' +
+            object.length +
+            '] != [' +
+            object_size +
+            ']'
+        );
+        error.name = 'MongoError';
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check special case where we are using an objectId
+    if (selector != null && selector._bsontype === 'ObjectID') {
+      selector = { _id: selector };
+    }
+
+    if (!options) options = {};
+
+    let projection = options.projection || options.fields;
+
+    if (projection && !Buffer.isBuffer(projection) && Array.isArray(projection)) {
+      projection = projection.length
+        ? projection.reduce((result, field) => {
+            result[field] = 1;
+            return result;
+          }, {})
+        : { _id: 1 };
+    }
+
+    // Make a shallow copy of options
+    let newOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+    // Make a shallow copy of the collection options
+    for (let key in this.s.options) {
+      if (mergeKeys.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
+        newOptions[key] = this.s.options[key];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Unpack options
+    newOptions.skip = options.skip ? options.skip : 0;
+    newOptions.limit = options.limit ? options.limit : 0;
+    newOptions.raw = typeof options.raw === 'boolean' ? options.raw : this.s.raw;
+    newOptions.hint =
+      options.hint != null ? normalizeHintField(options.hint) : this.s.collectionHint;
+    newOptions.timeout = typeof options.timeout === 'undefined' ? undefined : options.timeout;
+    // // If we have overridden slaveOk otherwise use the default db setting
+    newOptions.slaveOk = options.slaveOk != null ? options.slaveOk : this.s.db.slaveOk;
+
+    // Add read preference if needed
+    newOptions.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(this, newOptions);
+
+    // Set slave ok to true if read preference different from primary
+    if (
+      newOptions.readPreference != null &&
+      (newOptions.readPreference !== 'primary' || newOptions.readPreference.mode !== 'primary')
+    ) {
+      newOptions.slaveOk = true;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure the query is an object
+    if (selector != null && typeof selector !== 'object') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'query selector must be an object', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    // Build the find command
+    const findCommand = {
+      find: this.s.namespace.toString(),
+      limit: newOptions.limit,
+      skip: newOptions.skip,
+      query: selector
+    };
+
+    if (typeof options.allowDiskUse === 'boolean') {
+      findCommand.allowDiskUse = options.allowDiskUse;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we use the right await data option
+    if (typeof newOptions.awaitdata === 'boolean') {
+      newOptions.awaitData = newOptions.awaitdata;
+    }
+
+    // Translate to new command option noCursorTimeout
+    if (typeof newOptions.timeout === 'boolean') newOptions.noCursorTimeout = !newOptions.timeout;
+
+    decorateCommand(findCommand, newOptions, ['session', 'collation']);
+
+    if (projection) findCommand.fields = projection;
+
+    // Add db object to the new options
+    newOptions.db = this.s.db;
+
+    // Add the promise library
+    newOptions.promiseLibrary = this.s.promiseLibrary;
+
+    // Set raw if available at collection level
+    if (newOptions.raw == null && typeof this.s.raw === 'boolean') newOptions.raw = this.s.raw;
+    // Set promoteLongs if available at collection level
+    if (newOptions.promoteLongs == null && typeof this.s.promoteLongs === 'boolean')
+      newOptions.promoteLongs = this.s.promoteLongs;
+    if (newOptions.promoteValues == null && typeof this.s.promoteValues === 'boolean')
+      newOptions.promoteValues = this.s.promoteValues;
+    if (newOptions.promoteBuffers == null && typeof this.s.promoteBuffers === 'boolean')
+      newOptions.promoteBuffers = this.s.promoteBuffers;
+
+    // Sort options
+    if (findCommand.sort) {
+      findCommand.sort = formattedOrderClause(findCommand.sort);
+    }
+
+    // Set the readConcern
+    decorateWithReadConcern(findCommand, this, options);
+
+    // Decorate find command with collation options
+    try {
+      decorateWithCollation(findCommand, this, options);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err, null);
+      throw err;
+    }
+
+    const cursor = this.s.topology.cursor(
+      new FindOperation(this, this.s.namespace, findCommand, newOptions),
+      newOptions
+    );
+
+    // TODO: remove this when NODE-2074 is resolved
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(null, cursor);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    return cursor;
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a single document into MongoDB. If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+ * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+ * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} doc Document to insert.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.forceServerObjectId=false] Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=true] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~insertOneWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.insertOne = function(doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  const insertOneOperation = new InsertOneOperation(this, doc, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, insertOneOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Inserts an array of documents into MongoDB. If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+ * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+ * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object[]} docs Documents to insert.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] If true, when an insert fails, don't execute the remaining writes. If false, continue with remaining inserts when one fails.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.forceServerObjectId=false] Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=true] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~insertWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.insertMany = function(docs, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options ? Object.assign({}, options) : { ordered: true };
+
+  const insertManyOperation = new InsertManyOperation(this, docs, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, insertManyOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~BulkWriteOpResult
+ * @property {number} insertedCount Number of documents inserted.
+ * @property {number} matchedCount Number of documents matched for update.
+ * @property {number} modifiedCount Number of documents modified.
+ * @property {number} deletedCount Number of documents deleted.
+ * @property {number} upsertedCount Number of documents upserted.
+ * @property {object} insertedIds Inserted document generated Id's, hash key is the index of the originating operation
+ * @property {object} upsertedIds Upserted document generated Id's, hash key is the index of the originating operation
+ * @property {object} result The command result object.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for inserts
+ * @callback Collection~bulkWriteOpCallback
+ * @param {BulkWriteError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~BulkWriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Perform a bulkWrite operation without a fluent API
+ *
+ * Legal operation types are
+ *
+ *  { insertOne: { document: { a: 1 } } }
+ *
+ *  { updateOne: { filter: {a:2}, update: {$set: {a:2}}, upsert:true } }
+ *
+ *  { updateMany: { filter: {a:2}, update: {$set: {a:2}}, upsert:true } }
+ *
+ *  { updateMany: { filter: {}, update: {$set: {"a.$[i].x": 5}}, arrayFilters: [{ "i.x": 5 }]} }
+ *
+ *  { deleteOne: { filter: {c:1} } }
+ *
+ *  { deleteMany: { filter: {c:1} } }
+ *
+ *  { replaceOne: { filter: {c:3}, replacement: {c:4}, upsert:true}}
+ *
+ * If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+ * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+ * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object[]} operations Bulk operations to perform.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute write operation in ordered or unordered fashion.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object[]} [options.arrayFilters] Determines which array elements to modify for update operation in MongoDB 3.6 or higher.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~bulkWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.bulkWrite = function(operations, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || { ordered: true };
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(operations)) {
+    throw MongoError.create({ message: 'operations must be an array of documents', driver: true });
+  }
+
+  const bulkWriteOperation = new BulkWriteOperation(this, operations, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, bulkWriteOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~WriteOpResult
+ * @property {object[]} ops All the documents inserted using insertOne/insertMany/replaceOne. Documents contain the _id field if forceServerObjectId == false for insertOne/insertMany
+ * @property {object} connection The connection object used for the operation.
+ * @property {object} result The command result object.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for inserts
+ * @callback Collection~writeOpCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~WriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~insertWriteOpResult
+ * @property {number} insertedCount The total amount of documents inserted.
+ * @property {object[]} ops All the documents inserted using insertOne/insertMany/replaceOne. Documents contain the _id field if forceServerObjectId == false for insertOne/insertMany
+ * @property {Object.<Number, ObjectId>} insertedIds Map of the index of the inserted document to the id of the inserted document.
+ * @property {object} connection The connection object used for the operation.
+ * @property {object} result The raw command result object returned from MongoDB (content might vary by server version).
+ * @property {number} result.ok Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+ * @property {number} result.n The total count of documents inserted.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~insertOneWriteOpResult
+ * @property {number} insertedCount The total amount of documents inserted.
+ * @property {object[]} ops All the documents inserted using insertOne/insertMany/replaceOne. Documents contain the _id field if forceServerObjectId == false for insertOne/insertMany
+ * @property {ObjectId} insertedId The driver generated ObjectId for the insert operation.
+ * @property {object} connection The connection object used for the operation.
+ * @property {object} result The raw command result object returned from MongoDB (content might vary by server version).
+ * @property {number} result.ok Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+ * @property {number} result.n The total count of documents inserted.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for inserts
+ * @callback Collection~insertWriteOpCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~insertWriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for inserts
+ * @callback Collection~insertOneWriteOpCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~insertOneWriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a single document or a an array of documents into MongoDB. If documents passed in do not contain the **_id** field,
+ * one will be added to each of the documents missing it by the driver, mutating the document. This behavior
+ * can be overridden by setting the **forceServerObjectId** flag.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {(object|object[])} docs Documents to insert.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.forceServerObjectId=false] Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~insertWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use insertOne, insertMany or bulkWrite
+ */
+Collection.prototype.insert = deprecate(function(docs, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || { ordered: false };
+  docs = !Array.isArray(docs) ? [docs] : docs;
+
+  if (options.keepGoing === true) {
+    options.ordered = false;
+  }
+
+  return this.insertMany(docs, options, callback);
+}, 'collection.insert is deprecated. Use insertOne, insertMany or bulkWrite instead.');
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~updateWriteOpResult
+ * @property {Object} result The raw result returned from MongoDB. Will vary depending on server version.
+ * @property {Number} result.ok Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+ * @property {Number} result.n The total count of documents scanned.
+ * @property {Number} result.nModified The total count of documents modified.
+ * @property {Object} connection The connection object used for the operation.
+ * @property {Number} matchedCount The number of documents that matched the filter.
+ * @property {Number} modifiedCount The number of documents that were modified.
+ * @property {Number} upsertedCount The number of documents upserted.
+ * @property {Object} upsertedId The upserted id.
+ * @property {ObjectId} upsertedId._id The upserted _id returned from the server.
+ * @property {Object} message The raw msg response wrapped in an internal class
+ * @property {object[]} [ops] In a response to {@link Collection#replaceOne replaceOne}, contains the new value of the document on the server. This is the same document that was originally passed in, and is only here for legacy purposes.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for inserts
+ * @callback Collection~updateWriteOpCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~updateWriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Update a single document in a collection
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the document to update
+ * @param {object} update The update operations to be applied to the document
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {Array} [options.arrayFilters] optional list of array filters referenced in filtered positional operators
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] When true, creates a new document if no document matches the query..
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~updateWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.updateOne = function(filter, update, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new UpdateOneOperation(this, filter, update, options),
+    callback
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Replace a document in a collection with another document
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the document to replace
+ * @param {object} doc The Document that replaces the matching document
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] When true, creates a new document if no document matches the query.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~updateWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise<Collection~updateWriteOpResult>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.replaceOne = function(filter, doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new ReplaceOneOperation(this, filter, doc, options),
+    callback
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Update multiple documents in a collection
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the documents to update
+ * @param {object} update The update operations to be applied to the documents
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {Array} [options.arrayFilters] optional list of array filters referenced in filtered positional operators
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] When true, creates a new document if no document matches the query..
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~updateWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise<Collection~updateWriteOpResult>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.updateMany = function(filter, update, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new UpdateManyOperation(this, filter, update, options),
+    callback
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Updates documents.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} selector The selector for the update operation.
+ * @param {object} update The update operations to be applied to the documents
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] Update operation is an upsert.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.multi=false] Update one/all documents with operation.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {Array} [options.arrayFilters] optional list of array filters referenced in filtered positional operators
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {object} [options.hint] An optional hint for query optimization. See the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-hint|update command} reference for more information.
+ * @param {Collection~writeOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated use updateOne, updateMany or bulkWrite
+ */
+Collection.prototype.update = deprecate(function(selector, update, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, updateDocuments, [
+    this,
+    selector,
+    update,
+    options,
+    callback
+  ]);
+}, 'collection.update is deprecated. Use updateOne, updateMany, or bulkWrite instead.');
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~deleteWriteOpResult
+ * @property {Object} result The raw result returned from MongoDB. Will vary depending on server version.
+ * @property {Number} result.ok Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+ * @property {Number} result.n The total count of documents deleted.
+ * @property {Object} connection The connection object used for the operation.
+ * @property {Number} deletedCount The number of documents deleted.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for deletes
+ * @callback Collection~deleteWriteOpCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~deleteWriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Delete a document from a collection
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the document to remove
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] optional index hint for optimizing the filter query
+ * @param {Collection~deleteWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.deleteOne = function(filter, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  const deleteOneOperation = new DeleteOneOperation(this, filter, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, deleteOneOperation, callback);
+};
+
+Collection.prototype.removeOne = Collection.prototype.deleteOne;
+
+/**
+ * Delete multiple documents from a collection
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the documents to remove
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] optional index hint for optimizing the filter query
+ * @param {Collection~deleteWriteOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.deleteMany = function(filter, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  const deleteManyOperation = new DeleteManyOperation(this, filter, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, deleteManyOperation, callback);
+};
+
+Collection.prototype.removeMany = Collection.prototype.deleteMany;
+
+/**
+ * Remove documents.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} selector The selector for the update operation.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.single=false] Removes the first document found.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~writeOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated use deleteOne, deleteMany or bulkWrite
+ */
+Collection.prototype.remove = deprecate(function(selector, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, removeDocuments, [
+    this,
+    selector,
+    options,
+    callback
+  ]);
+}, 'collection.remove is deprecated. Use deleteOne, deleteMany, or bulkWrite instead.');
+
+/**
+ * Save a document. Simple full document replacement function. Not recommended for efficiency, use atomic
+ * operators and update instead for more efficient operations.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} doc Document to save
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~writeOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated use insertOne, insertMany, updateOne or updateMany
+ */
+Collection.prototype.save = deprecate(function(doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, save, [this, doc, options, callback]);
+}, 'collection.save is deprecated. Use insertOne, insertMany, updateOne, or updateMany instead.');
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback Collection~resultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {object} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for an aggregation call
+ * @callback Collection~aggregationCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {AggregationCursor} cursor The cursor if the aggregation command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the first document that matches the query
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} query Query for find Operation
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.limit=0] Sets the limit of documents returned in the query.
+ * @param {(array|object)} [options.sort] Set to sort the documents coming back from the query. Array of indexes, [['a', 1]] etc.
+ * @param {object} [options.projection] The fields to return in the query. Object of fields to include or exclude (not both), {'a':1}
+ * @param {object} [options.fields] **Deprecated** Use `options.projection` instead
+ * @param {number} [options.skip=0] Set to skip N documents ahead in your query (useful for pagination).
+ * @param {Object} [options.hint] Tell the query to use specific indexes in the query. Object of indexes to use, {'_id':1}
+ * @param {boolean} [options.snapshot=false] DEPRECATED: Snapshot query.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.timeout=false] Specify if the cursor can timeout.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.tailable=false] Specify if the cursor is tailable.
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1] Set the batchSize for the getMoreCommand when iterating over the query results.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.returnKey=false] Only return the index key.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxScan] DEPRECATED: Limit the number of items to scan.
+ * @param {number} [options.min] Set index bounds.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] Set index bounds.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.showDiskLoc=false] Show disk location of results.
+ * @param {string} [options.comment] You can put a $comment field on a query to make looking in the profiler logs simpler.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Promotes Long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.partial=false] Specify if the cursor should return partial results when querying against a sharded system
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.findOne = deprecateOptions(
+  {
+    name: 'collection.find',
+    deprecatedOptions: DEPRECATED_FIND_OPTIONS,
+    optionsIndex: 1
+  },
+  function(query, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'object') {
+      // TODO(MAJOR): throw in the future
+      emitWarningOnce('Third parameter to `findOne()` must be a callback or undefined');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof query === 'function') (callback = query), (query = {}), (options = {});
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    query = query || {};
+    options = options || {};
+
+    const findOneOperation = new FindOneOperation(this, query, options);
+
+    return executeOperation(this.s.topology, findOneOperation, callback);
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for the collection method, must be used if strict is specified
+ * @callback Collection~collectionResultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection} collection The collection instance.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Rename the collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} newName New name of of the collection.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.dropTarget=false] Drop the target name collection if it previously exists.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~collectionResultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.rename = function(newName, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options, { readPreference: ReadPreference.PRIMARY });
+
+  const renameOperation = new RenameOperation(this, newName, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, renameOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drop the collection from the database, removing it permanently. New accesses will create a new collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.drop = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const dropCollectionOperation = new DropCollectionOperation(
+    this.s.db,
+    this.collectionName,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, dropCollectionOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the options of the collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.options = function(opts, callback) {
+  if (typeof opts === 'function') (callback = opts), (opts = {});
+  opts = opts || {};
+
+  const optionsOperation = new OptionsOperation(this, opts);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, optionsOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns if the collection is a capped collection
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.isCapped = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const isCappedOperation = new IsCappedOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, isCappedOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates an index on the db and collection collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {(string|array|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.unique=false] Creates an unique index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sparse=false] Creates a sparse index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.background=false] Creates the index in the background, yielding whenever possible.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.dropDups=false] A unique index cannot be created on a key that has pre-existing duplicate values. If you would like to create the index anyway, keeping the first document the database indexes and deleting all subsequent documents that have duplicate value
+ * @param {number} [options.min] For geospatial indexes set the lower bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] For geospatial indexes set the high bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.v] Specify the format version of the indexes.
+ * @param {number} [options.expireAfterSeconds] Allows you to expire data on indexes applied to a data (MongoDB 2.2 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.name] Override the autogenerated index name (useful if the resulting name is larger than 128 bytes)
+ * @param {object} [options.partialFilterExpression] Creates a partial index based on the given filter object (MongoDB 3.2 or higher)
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.commitQuorum] (MongoDB 4.4. or higher) Specifies how many data-bearing members of a replica set, including the primary, must complete the index builds successfully before the primary marks the indexes as ready. This option accepts the same values for the "w" field in a write concern plus "votingMembers", which indicates all voting data-bearing nodes.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @example
+ * const collection = client.db('foo').collection('bar');
+ *
+ * await collection.createIndex({ a: 1, b: -1 });
+ *
+ * // Alternate syntax for { c: 1, d: -1 } that ensures order of indexes
+ * await collection.createIndex([ [c, 1], [d, -1] ]);
+ *
+ * // Equivalent to { e: 1 }
+ * await collection.createIndex('e');
+ *
+ * // Equivalent to { f: 1, g: 1 }
+ * await collection.createIndex(['f', 'g'])
+ *
+ * // Equivalent to { h: 1, i: -1 }
+ * await collection.createIndex([ { h: 1 }, { i: -1 } ]);
+ *
+ * // Equivalent to { j: 1, k: -1, l: 2d }
+ * await collection.createIndex(['j', ['k', -1], { l: '2d' }])
+ */
+Collection.prototype.createIndex = function(fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const createIndexesOperation = new CreateIndexesOperation(
+    this,
+    this.collectionName,
+    fieldOrSpec,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, createIndexesOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} Collection~IndexDefinition
+ * @description A definition for an index. Used by the createIndex command.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/createIndexes/
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates multiple indexes in the collection, this method is only supported for
+ * MongoDB 2.6 or higher. Earlier version of MongoDB will throw a command not supported
+ * error.
+ *
+ * **Note**: Unlike {@link Collection#createIndex createIndex}, this function takes in raw index specifications.
+ * Index specifications are defined {@link http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/createIndexes/ here}.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection~IndexDefinition[]} indexSpecs An array of index specifications to be created
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.commitQuorum] (MongoDB 4.4. or higher) Specifies how many data-bearing members of a replica set, including the primary, must complete the index builds successfully before the primary marks the indexes as ready. This option accepts the same values for the "w" field in a write concern plus "votingMembers", which indicates all voting data-bearing nodes.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @example
+ * const collection = client.db('foo').collection('bar');
+ * await collection.createIndexes([
+ *   // Simple index on field fizz
+ *   {
+ *     key: { fizz: 1 },
+ *   }
+ *   // wildcard index
+ *   {
+ *     key: { '$**': 1 }
+ *   },
+ *   // named index on darmok and jalad
+ *   {
+ *     key: { darmok: 1, jalad: -1 }
+ *     name: 'tanagra'
+ *   }
+ * ]);
+ */
+Collection.prototype.createIndexes = function(indexSpecs, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+
+  options = options ? Object.assign({}, options) : {};
+
+  if (typeof options.maxTimeMS !== 'number') delete options.maxTimeMS;
+
+  const createIndexesOperation = new CreateIndexesOperation(
+    this,
+    this.collectionName,
+    indexSpecs,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, createIndexesOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drops an index from this collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} indexName Name of the index to drop.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.dropIndex = function(indexName, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+  // Run only against primary
+  options.readPreference = ReadPreference.PRIMARY;
+
+  const dropIndexOperation = new DropIndexOperation(this, indexName, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, dropIndexOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drops all indexes from this collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.dropIndexes = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options ? Object.assign({}, options) : {};
+
+  if (typeof options.maxTimeMS !== 'number') delete options.maxTimeMS;
+
+  const dropIndexesOperation = new DropIndexesOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, dropIndexesOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drops all indexes from this collection.
+ * @method
+ * @deprecated use dropIndexes
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} callback The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no [callback] passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.dropAllIndexes = deprecate(
+  Collection.prototype.dropIndexes,
+  'collection.dropAllIndexes is deprecated. Use dropIndexes instead.'
+);
+
+/**
+ * Reindex all indexes on the collection
+ * Warning: reIndex is a blocking operation (indexes are rebuilt in the foreground) and will be slow for large collections.
+ * @method
+ * @deprecated use db.command instead
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.reIndex = deprecate(function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const reIndexOperation = new ReIndexOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, reIndexOperation, callback);
+}, 'collection.reIndex is deprecated. Use db.command instead.');
+
+/**
+ * Get the list of all indexes information for the collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The batchSize for the returned command cursor or if pre 2.8 the systems batch collection
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @return {CommandCursor}
+ */
+Collection.prototype.listIndexes = function(options) {
+  const cursor = new CommandCursor(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new ListIndexesOperation(this, options),
+    options
+  );
+
+  return cursor;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ensures that an index exists, if it does not it creates it
+ * @method
+ * @deprecated use createIndexes instead
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.unique=false] Creates an unique index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sparse=false] Creates a sparse index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.background=false] Creates the index in the background, yielding whenever possible.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.dropDups=false] A unique index cannot be created on a key that has pre-existing duplicate values. If you would like to create the index anyway, keeping the first document the database indexes and deleting all subsequent documents that have duplicate value
+ * @param {number} [options.min] For geospatial indexes set the lower bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] For geospatial indexes set the high bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.v] Specify the format version of the indexes.
+ * @param {number} [options.expireAfterSeconds] Allows you to expire data on indexes applied to a data (MongoDB 2.2 or higher)
+ * @param {number} [options.name] Override the autogenerated index name (useful if the resulting name is larger than 128 bytes)
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.ensureIndex = deprecate(function(fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, ensureIndex, [
+    this,
+    fieldOrSpec,
+    options,
+    callback
+  ]);
+}, 'collection.ensureIndex is deprecated. Use createIndexes instead.');
+
+/**
+ * Checks if one or more indexes exist on the collection, fails on first non-existing index
+ * @method
+ * @param {(string|array)} indexes One or more index names to check.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.indexExists = function(indexes, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const indexExistsOperation = new IndexExistsOperation(this, indexes, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, indexExistsOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves this collections index info.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.full=false] Returns the full raw index information.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.indexInformation = function(options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  const indexInformationOperation = new IndexInformationOperation(
+    this.s.db,
+    this.collectionName,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, indexInformationOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback Collection~countCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {number} result The count of documents that matched the query.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An estimated count of matching documents in the db to a query.
+ *
+ * **NOTE:** This method has been deprecated, since it does not provide an accurate count of the documents
+ * in a collection. To obtain an accurate count of documents in the collection, use {@link Collection#countDocuments countDocuments}.
+ * To obtain an estimated count of all documents in the collection, use {@link Collection#estimatedDocumentCount estimatedDocumentCount}.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [query={}] The query for the count.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.limit] The limit of documents to count.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.skip] The number of documents to skip for the count.
+ * @param {string} [options.hint] An index name hint for the query.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~countCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated use {@link Collection#countDocuments countDocuments} or {@link Collection#estimatedDocumentCount estimatedDocumentCount} instead
+ */
+Collection.prototype.count = deprecate(function(query, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  query = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new EstimatedDocumentCountOperation(this, query, options),
+    callback
+  );
+}, 'collection.count is deprecated, and will be removed in a future version.' +
+  ' Use Collection.countDocuments or Collection.estimatedDocumentCount instead');
+
+/**
+ * Gets an estimate of the count of documents in a collection using collection metadata.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] The maximum amount of time to allow the operation to run.
+ * @param {Collection~countCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed.
+ */
+Collection.prototype.estimatedDocumentCount = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const estimatedDocumentCountOperation = new EstimatedDocumentCountOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, estimatedDocumentCountOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the number of documents matching the filter.
+ * For a fast count of the total documents in a collection see {@link Collection#estimatedDocumentCount estimatedDocumentCount}.
+ * **Note**: When migrating from {@link Collection#count count} to {@link Collection#countDocuments countDocuments}
+ * the following query operators must be replaced:
+ *
+ * | Operator | Replacement |
+ * | -------- | ----------- |
+ * | `$where`   | [`$expr`][1] |
+ * | `$near`    | [`$geoWithin`][2] with [`$center`][3] |
+ * | `$nearSphere` | [`$geoWithin`][2] with [`$centerSphere`][4] |
+ *
+ * [1]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/expr/
+ * [2]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/
+ * [3]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/center/#op._S_center
+ * [4]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/centerSphere/#op._S_centerSphere
+ *
+ * @param {object} [query] the query for the count
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specifies a collation.
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] The index to use.
+ * @param {number} [options.limit] The maximum number of document to count.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] The maximum amount of time to allow the operation to run.
+ * @param {number} [options.skip] The number of documents to skip before counting.
+ * @param {Collection~countCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/expr/
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/center/#op._S_center
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/centerSphere/#op._S_centerSphere
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.countDocuments = function(query, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  query = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  const countDocumentsOperation = new CountDocumentsOperation(this, query, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, countDocumentsOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The distinct command returns a list of distinct values for the given key across a collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} key Field of the document to find distinct values for.
+ * @param {object} [query] The query for filtering the set of documents to which we apply the distinct filter.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.distinct = function(key, query, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  const queryOption = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+  const optionsOption = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  const distinctOperation = new DistinctOperation(this, key, queryOption, optionsOption);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, distinctOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve all the indexes on the collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.indexes = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const indexesOperation = new IndexesOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, indexesOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get all the collection statistics.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.scale] Divide the returned sizes by scale value.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The collection result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.stats = function(options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  const statsOperation = new StatsOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, statsOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} Collection~findAndModifyWriteOpResult
+ * @property {object} value Document returned from the `findAndModify` command. If no documents were found, `value` will be `null` by default even if a document was upserted unless `returnDocument` is specified as `'after'`, in which case the upserted document will be returned.
+ * @property {object} lastErrorObject The raw lastErrorObject returned from the command. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/findAndModify/index.html#lasterrorobject|findAndModify command documentation}.
+ * @property {Number} ok Is 1 if the command executed correctly.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for inserts
+ * @callback Collection~findAndModifyCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection~findAndModifyWriteOpResult} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Find a document and delete it in one atomic operation. Requires a write lock for the duration of the operation.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the document to remove
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {object} [options.projection] Limits the fields to return for all matching documents.
+ * @param {object} [options.sort] Determines which document the operation modifies if the query selects multiple documents.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] The maximum amount of time to allow the query to run.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~findAndModifyCallback} [callback] The collection result callback
+ * @return {Promise<Collection~findAndModifyWriteOpResultObject>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.findOneAndDelete = function(filter, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Add ignoreUndefined
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new FindOneAndDeleteOperation(this, filter, options),
+    callback
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Find a document and replace it in one atomic operation. Requires a write lock for the duration of the operation.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the document to replace
+ * @param {object} replacement The Document that replaces the matching document
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] An optional index to use for this operation
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] The maximum amount of time to allow the query to run.
+ * @param {object} [options.projection] Limits the fields to return for all matching documents.
+ * @param {object} [options.sort] Determines which document the operation modifies if the query selects multiple documents.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] Upsert the document if it does not exist.
+ * @param {'before'|'after'} [options.returnDocument='before'] When set to `'after'`, returns the updated document rather than the original. The default is `'before'`.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.returnOriginal=true] **Deprecated** Use `options.returnDocument` instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~findAndModifyCallback} [callback] The collection result callback
+ * @return {Promise<Collection~findAndModifyWriteOpResultObject>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.findOneAndReplace = deprecateOptions(
+  {
+    name: 'collection.findOneAndReplace',
+    deprecatedOptions: ['returnOriginal'],
+    optionsIndex: 2
+  },
+  function(filter, replacement, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = options || {};
+
+    // Add ignoreUndefined
+    if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+      options = Object.assign({}, options);
+      options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+    }
+
+    return executeOperation(
+      this.s.topology,
+      new FindOneAndReplaceOperation(this, filter, replacement, options),
+      callback
+    );
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * Find a document and update it in one atomic operation. Requires a write lock for the duration of the operation.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} filter The Filter used to select the document to update
+ * @param {object} update Update operations to be performed on the document
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {Array} [options.arrayFilters] optional list of array filters referenced in filtered positional operators
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] An optional index to use for this operation
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] The maximum amount of time to allow the query to run.
+ * @param {object} [options.projection] Limits the fields to return for all matching documents.
+ * @param {object} [options.sort] Determines which document the operation modifies if the query selects multiple documents.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] Upsert the document if it does not exist.
+ * @param {'before'|'after'} [options.returnDocument='before'] When set to `'after'`, returns the updated document rather than the original. The default is `'before'`.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.returnOriginal=true] **Deprecated** Use `options.returnDocument` instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] If true, will throw if bson documents start with `$` or include a `.` in any key value
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] An ptional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~findAndModifyCallback} [callback] The collection result callback
+ * @return {Promise<Collection~findAndModifyWriteOpResultObject>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.findOneAndUpdate = deprecateOptions(
+  {
+    name: 'collection.findOneAndUpdate',
+    deprecatedOptions: ['returnOriginal'],
+    optionsIndex: 2
+  },
+  function(filter, update, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = options || {};
+
+    // Add ignoreUndefined
+    if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+      options = Object.assign({}, options);
+      options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+    }
+
+    return executeOperation(
+      this.s.topology,
+      new FindOneAndUpdateOperation(this, filter, update, options),
+      callback
+    );
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * Find and update a document.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} query Query object to locate the object to modify.
+ * @param {array} sort If multiple docs match, choose the first one in the specified sort order as the object to manipulate.
+ * @param {object} doc The fields/vals to be updated.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.remove=false] Set to true to remove the object before returning.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.upsert=false] Perform an upsert operation.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.new=false] Set to true if you want to return the modified object rather than the original. Ignored for remove.
+ * @param {object} [options.projection] Object containing the field projection for the result returned from the operation.
+ * @param {object} [options.fields] **Deprecated** Use `options.projection` instead
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Array} [options.arrayFilters] optional list of array filters referenced in filtered positional operators
+ * @param {Collection~findAndModifyCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated use findOneAndUpdate, findOneAndReplace or findOneAndDelete instead
+ */
+Collection.prototype.findAndModify = deprecate(
+  _findAndModify,
+  'collection.findAndModify is deprecated. Use findOneAndUpdate, findOneAndReplace or findOneAndDelete instead.'
+);
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype._findAndModify = _findAndModify;
+
+function _findAndModify(query, sort, doc, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  sort = args.length ? args.shift() || [] : [];
+  doc = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  // Clone options
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+  // Force read preference primary
+  options.readPreference = ReadPreference.PRIMARY;
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new FindAndModifyOperation(this, query, sort, doc, options),
+    callback
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find and remove a document.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} query Query object to locate the object to modify.
+ * @param {array} sort If multiple docs match, choose the first one in the specified sort order as the object to manipulate.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated use findOneAndDelete instead
+ */
+Collection.prototype.findAndRemove = deprecate(function(query, sort, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  sort = args.length ? args.shift() || [] : [];
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  // Add the remove option
+  options.remove = true;
+
+  return executeOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new FindAndModifyOperation(this, query, sort, null, options),
+    callback
+  );
+}, 'collection.findAndRemove is deprecated. Use findOneAndDelete instead.');
+
+/**
+ * Execute an aggregation framework pipeline against the collection, needs MongoDB >= 2.2
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [pipeline=[]] Array containing all the aggregation framework commands for the execution.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {object} [options.cursor] Return the query as cursor, on 2.6 > it returns as a real cursor on pre 2.6 it returns as an emulated cursor.
+ * @param {number} [options.cursor.batchSize=1000] Deprecated. Use `options.batchSize`
+ * @param {boolean} [options.allowDiskUse=false] allowDiskUse lets the server know if it can use disk to store temporary results for the aggregation (requires mongodb 2.6 >).
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] maxTimeMS specifies a cumulative time limit in milliseconds for processing operations on the cursor. MongoDB interrupts the operation at the earliest following interrupt point.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a tailable cursor query.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Promotes Long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {string} [options.comment] Add a comment to an aggregation command
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] Add an index selection hint to an aggregation command
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~aggregationCallback} callback The command result callback
+ * @return {(null|AggregationCursor)}
+ */
+Collection.prototype.aggregate = function(pipeline, options, callback) {
+  if (Array.isArray(pipeline)) {
+    // Set up callback if one is provided
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = {};
+    }
+
+    // If we have no options or callback we are doing
+    // a cursor based aggregation
+    if (options == null && callback == null) {
+      options = {};
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Aggregation pipeline passed as arguments on the method
+    const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+    // Get the callback
+    callback = args.pop();
+    // Get the possible options object
+    const opts = args[args.length - 1];
+    // If it contains any of the admissible options pop it of the args
+    options =
+      opts &&
+      (opts.readPreference ||
+        opts.explain ||
+        opts.cursor ||
+        opts.out ||
+        opts.maxTimeMS ||
+        opts.hint ||
+        opts.allowDiskUse)
+        ? args.pop()
+        : {};
+    // Left over arguments is the pipeline
+    pipeline = args;
+  }
+
+  const cursor = new AggregationCursor(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new AggregateOperation(this, pipeline, options),
+    options
+  );
+
+  // TODO: remove this when NODE-2074 is resolved
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    callback(null, cursor);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  return cursor;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Change Stream, watching for new changes (insertions, updates, replacements, deletions, and invalidations) in this collection.
+ * @method
+ * @since 3.0.0
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline] An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/|aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents. This allows for filtering (using $match) and manipulating the change stream documents.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {string} [options.fullDocument='default'] Allowed values: ‘default’, ‘updateLookup’. When set to ‘updateLookup’, the change stream will include both a delta describing the changes to the document, as well as a copy of the entire document that was changed from some time after the change occurred.
+ * @param {object} [options.resumeAfter] Specifies the logical starting point for the new change stream. This should be the _id field from a previously returned change stream document.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a change stream query
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] The read preference. Defaults to the read preference of the database or collection. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-preference|read preference documentation}.
+ * @param {Timestamp} [options.startAtOperationTime] receive change events that occur after the specified timestamp
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @return {ChangeStream} a ChangeStream instance.
+ */
+Collection.prototype.watch = function(pipeline, options) {
+  pipeline = pipeline || [];
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Allow optionally not specifying a pipeline
+  if (!Array.isArray(pipeline)) {
+    options = pipeline;
+    pipeline = [];
+  }
+
+  return new ChangeStream(this, pipeline, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback Collection~parallelCollectionScanCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Cursor[]} cursors A list of cursors returned allowing for parallel reading of collection.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Return N number of parallel cursors for a collection allowing parallel reading of entire collection. There are
+ * no ordering guarantees for returned results.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] Set the batchSize for the getMoreCommand when iterating over the query results.
+ * @param {number} [options.numCursors=1] The maximum number of parallel command cursors to return (the number of returned cursors will be in the range 1:numCursors)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return all BSON documents as Raw Buffer documents.
+ * @param {Collection~parallelCollectionScanCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.parallelCollectionScan = deprecate(function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = { numCursors: 1 });
+  // Set number of cursors to 1
+  options.numCursors = options.numCursors || 1;
+  options.batchSize = options.batchSize || 1000;
+
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+  // Ensure we have the right read preference inheritance
+  options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(this, options);
+
+  // Add a promiseLibrary
+  options.promiseLibrary = this.s.promiseLibrary;
+
+  if (options.session) {
+    options.session = undefined;
+  }
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    this.s.topology,
+    parallelCollectionScan,
+    [this, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+}, 'parallelCollectionScan is deprecated in MongoDB v4.1');
+
+/**
+ * Execute a geo search using a geo haystack index on a collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} x Point to search on the x axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+ * @param {number} y Point to search on the y axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.maxDistance] Include results up to maxDistance from the point.
+ * @param {object} [options.search] Filter the results by a query.
+ * @param {number} [options.limit=false] Max number of results to return.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/geospatial-queries/|geospatial queries docs} for current geospatial support
+ */
+Collection.prototype.geoHaystackSearch = deprecate(function(x, y, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  const geoHaystackSearchOperation = new GeoHaystackSearchOperation(this, x, y, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, geoHaystackSearchOperation, callback);
+}, 'geoHaystackSearch is deprecated, and will be removed in a future version.');
+
+/**
+ * Run a group command across a collection
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {(object|array|function|code)} keys An object, array or function expressing the keys to group by.
+ * @param {object} condition An optional condition that must be true for a row to be considered.
+ * @param {object} initial Initial value of the aggregation counter object.
+ * @param {(function|Code)} reduce The reduce function aggregates (reduces) the objects iterated
+ * @param {(function|Code)} finalize An optional function to be run on each item in the result set just before the item is returned.
+ * @param {boolean} command Specify if you wish to run using the internal group command or using eval, default is true.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated MongoDB 3.6 or higher no longer supports the group command. We recommend rewriting using the aggregation framework.
+ */
+Collection.prototype.group = deprecate(function(
+  keys,
+  condition,
+  initial,
+  reduce,
+  finalize,
+  command,
+  options,
+  callback
+) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 3);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  reduce = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  finalize = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  command = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  // Make sure we are backward compatible
+  if (!(typeof finalize === 'function')) {
+    command = finalize;
+    finalize = null;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    !Array.isArray(keys) &&
+    keys instanceof Object &&
+    typeof keys !== 'function' &&
+    !(keys._bsontype === 'Code')
+  ) {
+    keys = Object.keys(keys);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof reduce === 'function') {
+    reduce = reduce.toString();
+  }
+
+  if (typeof finalize === 'function') {
+    finalize = finalize.toString();
+  }
+
+  // Set up the command as default
+  command = command == null ? true : command;
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, group, [
+    this,
+    keys,
+    condition,
+    initial,
+    reduce,
+    finalize,
+    command,
+    options,
+    callback
+  ]);
+},
+'MongoDB 3.6 or higher no longer supports the group command. We recommend rewriting using the aggregation framework.');
+
+/**
+ * Run Map Reduce across a collection. Be aware that the inline option for out will return an array of results not a collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {(function|string)} map The mapping function.
+ * @param {(function|string)} reduce The reduce function.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {object} [options.out] Sets the output target for the map reduce job. *{inline:1} | {replace:'collectionName'} | {merge:'collectionName'} | {reduce:'collectionName'}*
+ * @param {object} [options.query] Query filter object.
+ * @param {object} [options.sort] Sorts the input objects using this key. Useful for optimization, like sorting by the emit key for fewer reduces.
+ * @param {number} [options.limit] Number of objects to return from collection.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.keeptemp=false] Keep temporary data.
+ * @param {(function|string)} [options.finalize] Finalize function.
+ * @param {object} [options.scope] Can pass in variables that can be access from map/reduce/finalize.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.jsMode=false] It is possible to make the execution stay in JS. Provided in MongoDB > 2.0.X.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.verbose=false] Provide statistics on job execution time.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Collection.prototype.mapReduce = function(map, reduce, options, callback) {
+  if ('function' === typeof options) (callback = options), (options = {});
+  // Out must allways be defined (make sure we don't break weirdly on pre 1.8+ servers)
+  if (null == options.out) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'the out option parameter must be defined, see mongodb docs for possible values'
+    );
+  }
+
+  if ('function' === typeof map) {
+    map = map.toString();
+  }
+
+  if ('function' === typeof reduce) {
+    reduce = reduce.toString();
+  }
+
+  if ('function' === typeof options.finalize) {
+    options.finalize = options.finalize.toString();
+  }
+  const mapReduceOperation = new MapReduceOperation(this, map, reduce, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, mapReduceOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initiate an Out of order batch write operation. All operations will be buffered into insert/update/remove commands executed out of order.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @return {UnorderedBulkOperation}
+ */
+Collection.prototype.initializeUnorderedBulkOp = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  // Give function's options precedence over session options.
+  if (options.ignoreUndefined == null) {
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  options.promiseLibrary = this.s.promiseLibrary;
+  return unordered(this.s.topology, this, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initiate an In order bulk write operation. Operations will be serially executed in the order they are added, creating a new operation for each switch in types.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Collection.prototype.initializeOrderedBulkOp = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  // Give function's options precedence over session's options.
+  if (options.ignoreUndefined == null) {
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+  options.promiseLibrary = this.s.promiseLibrary;
+  return ordered(this.s.topology, this, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the db logger
+ * @method
+ * @return {Logger} return the db logger
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Collection.prototype.getLogger = function() {
+  return this.s.db.s.logger;
+};
+
+module.exports = Collection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/command_cursor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/command_cursor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd0f9d7a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/command_cursor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ReadPreference = require('./core').ReadPreference;
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const Cursor = require('./cursor');
+const CursorState = require('./core/cursor').CursorState;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **CommandCursor** class is an internal class that embodies a
+ * generalized cursor based on a MongoDB command allowing for iteration over the
+ * results returned. It supports one by one document iteration, conversion to an
+ * array or can be iterated as a Node 0.10.X or higher stream
+ *
+ * **CommandCursor Cannot directly be instantiated**
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   // Create a collection we want to drop later
+ *   const col = client.db(dbName).collection('listCollectionsExample1');
+ *   // Insert a bunch of documents
+ *   col.insert([{a:1, b:1}
+ *     , {a:2, b:2}, {a:3, b:3}
+ *     , {a:4, b:4}], {w:1}, function(err, result) {
+ *     test.equal(null, err);
+ *     // List the database collections available
+ *     db.listCollections().toArray(function(err, items) {
+ *       test.equal(null, err);
+ *       client.close();
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * });
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Namespace provided by the browser.
+ * @external Readable
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Command Cursor instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class CommandCursor
+ * @extends external:Readable
+ * @fires CommandCursor#data
+ * @fires CommandCursor#end
+ * @fires CommandCursor#close
+ * @fires CommandCursor#readable
+ * @return {CommandCursor} an CommandCursor instance.
+ */
+class CommandCursor extends Cursor {
+  constructor(topology, ns, cmd, options) {
+    super(topology, ns, cmd, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the ReadPreference for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {(string|ReadPreference)} readPreference The new read preference for the cursor.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  setReadPreference(readPreference) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state !== CursorState.INIT) {
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: 'cannot change cursor readPreference after cursor has been accessed',
+        driver: true
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (readPreference instanceof ReadPreference) {
+      this.options.readPreference = readPreference;
+    } else if (typeof readPreference === 'string') {
+      this.options.readPreference = new ReadPreference(readPreference);
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid read preference: ' + readPreference);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the batch size for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/find/|find command documentation}.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {CommandCursor}
+   */
+  batchSize(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'batchSize requires an integer', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.cmd.cursor) {
+      this.cmd.cursor.batchSize = value;
+    }
+
+    this.setCursorBatchSize(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a maxTimeMS stage to the aggregation pipeline
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The state maxTimeMS value.
+   * @return {CommandCursor}
+   */
+  maxTimeMS(value) {
+    if (this.topology.lastIsMaster().minWireVersion > 2) {
+      this.cmd.maxTimeMS = value;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the cursor logger
+   * @method
+   * @return {Logger} return the cursor logger
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  getLogger() {
+    return this.logger;
+  }
+}
+
+// aliases
+CommandCursor.prototype.get = CommandCursor.prototype.toArray;
+
+/**
+ * CommandCursor stream data event, fired for each document in the cursor.
+ *
+ * @event CommandCursor#data
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * CommandCursor stream end event
+ *
+ * @event CommandCursor#end
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * CommandCursor stream close event
+ *
+ * @event CommandCursor#close
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * CommandCursor stream readable event
+ *
+ * @event CommandCursor#readable
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available.
+ * @function CommandCursor.prototype.next
+ * @param {CommandCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Check if there is any document still available in the cursor
+ * @function CommandCursor.prototype.hasNext
+ * @param {CommandCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback CommandCursor~toArrayResultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {object[]} documents All the documents the satisfy the cursor.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of documents. The caller is responsible for making sure that there
+ * is enough memory to store the results. Note that the array only contain partial
+ * results when this cursor had been previously accessed.
+ * @method CommandCursor.prototype.toArray
+ * @param {CommandCursor~toArrayResultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback CommandCursor~resultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {(object|null)} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor. As with **{cursor.toArray}**,
+ * not all of the elements will be iterated if this cursor had been previously accessed.
+ * In that case, **{cursor.rewind}** can be used to reset the cursor. However, unlike
+ * **{cursor.toArray}**, the cursor will only hold a maximum of batch size elements
+ * at any given time if batch size is specified. Otherwise, the caller is responsible
+ * for making sure that the entire result can fit the memory.
+ * @method CommandCursor.prototype.each
+ * @param {CommandCursor~resultCallback} callback The result callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Close the cursor, sending a KillCursor command and emitting close.
+ * @method CommandCursor.prototype.close
+ * @param {CommandCursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Is the cursor closed
+ * @method CommandCursor.prototype.isClosed
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Clone the cursor
+ * @function CommandCursor.prototype.clone
+ * @return {CommandCursor}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Resets the cursor
+ * @function CommandCursor.prototype.rewind
+ * @return {CommandCursor}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for the forEach iterator method
+ * @callback CommandCursor~iteratorCallback
+ * @param {Object} doc An emitted document for the iterator
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback error format for the forEach iterator method
+ * @callback CommandCursor~endCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor using the iterator, callback pattern.
+ * @method CommandCursor.prototype.forEach
+ * @param {CommandCursor~iteratorCallback} iterator The iteration callback.
+ * @param {CommandCursor~endCallback} callback The end callback.
+ * @throws {MongoError}
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+module.exports = CommandCursor;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/constants.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/constants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6cc68add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/constants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = {
+  SYSTEM_NAMESPACE_COLLECTION: 'system.namespaces',
+  SYSTEM_INDEX_COLLECTION: 'system.indexes',
+  SYSTEM_PROFILE_COLLECTION: 'system.profile',
+  SYSTEM_USER_COLLECTION: 'system.users',
+  SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION: '$cmd',
+  SYSTEM_JS_COLLECTION: 'system.js'
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/auth_provider.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/auth_provider.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5f6e995e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/auth_provider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Context used during authentication
+ *
+ * @property {Connection} connection The connection to authenticate
+ * @property {MongoCredentials} credentials The credentials to use for authentication
+ * @property {object} options The options passed to the `connect` method
+ * @property {object?} response The response of the initial handshake
+ * @property {Buffer?} nonce A random nonce generated for use in an authentication conversation
+ */
+class AuthContext {
+  constructor(connection, credentials, options) {
+    this.connection = connection;
+    this.credentials = credentials;
+    this.options = options;
+  }
+}
+
+class AuthProvider {
+  constructor(bson) {
+    this.bson = bson;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare the handshake document before the initial handshake.
+   *
+   * @param {object} handshakeDoc The document used for the initial handshake on a connection
+   * @param {AuthContext} authContext Context for authentication flow
+   * @param {function} callback
+   */
+  prepare(handshakeDoc, context, callback) {
+    callback(undefined, handshakeDoc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Authenticate
+   *
+   * @param {AuthContext} context A shared context for authentication flow
+   * @param {authResultCallback} callback The callback to return the result from the authentication
+   */
+  auth(context, callback) {
+    callback(new TypeError('`auth` method must be overridden by subclass'));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is a result from an authentication provider
+ *
+ * @callback authResultCallback
+ * @param {error} error An error object. Set to null if no error present
+ * @param {boolean} result The result of the authentication process
+ */
+
+module.exports = { AuthContext, AuthProvider };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/defaultAuthProviders.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/defaultAuthProviders.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92ac6059f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/defaultAuthProviders.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoCR = require('./mongocr');
+const X509 = require('./x509');
+const Plain = require('./plain');
+const GSSAPI = require('./gssapi');
+const ScramSHA1 = require('./scram').ScramSHA1;
+const ScramSHA256 = require('./scram').ScramSHA256;
+const MongoDBAWS = require('./mongodb_aws');
+
+/**
+ * Returns the default authentication providers.
+ *
+ * @param {BSON} bson Bson definition
+ * @returns {Object} a mapping of auth names to auth types
+ */
+function defaultAuthProviders(bson) {
+  return {
+    'mongodb-aws': new MongoDBAWS(bson),
+    mongocr: new MongoCR(bson),
+    x509: new X509(bson),
+    plain: new Plain(bson),
+    gssapi: new GSSAPI(bson),
+    'scram-sha-1': new ScramSHA1(bson),
+    'scram-sha-256': new ScramSHA256(bson)
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = { defaultAuthProviders };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/gssapi.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/gssapi.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a6c110b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/gssapi.js
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+'use strict';
+const dns = require('dns');
+
+const AuthProvider = require('./auth_provider').AuthProvider;
+const retrieveKerberos = require('../utils').retrieveKerberos;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+
+let kerberos;
+
+class GSSAPI extends AuthProvider {
+  auth(authContext, callback) {
+    const connection = authContext.connection;
+    const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+    if (credentials == null) return callback(new MongoError('credentials required'));
+    const username = credentials.username;
+    function externalCommand(command, cb) {
+      return connection.command('$external.$cmd', command, cb);
+    }
+    makeKerberosClient(authContext, (err, client) => {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      if (client == null) return callback(new MongoError('gssapi client missing'));
+      client.step('', (err, payload) => {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+        externalCommand(saslStart(payload), (err, response) => {
+          if (err) return callback(err);
+          const result = response.result;
+          negotiate(client, 10, result.payload, (err, payload) => {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            externalCommand(saslContinue(payload, result.conversationId), (err, response) => {
+              if (err) return callback(err);
+              const result = response.result;
+              finalize(client, username, result.payload, (err, payload) => {
+                if (err) return callback(err);
+                externalCommand(
+                  {
+                    saslContinue: 1,
+                    conversationId: result.conversationId,
+                    payload
+                  },
+                  (err, result) => {
+                    if (err) return callback(err);
+                    callback(undefined, result);
+                  }
+                );
+              });
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }
+}
+module.exports = GSSAPI;
+
+function makeKerberosClient(authContext, callback) {
+  const host = authContext.options.host;
+  const port = authContext.options.port;
+  const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+  if (!host || !port || !credentials) {
+    return callback(
+      new MongoError(
+        `Connection must specify: ${host ? 'host' : ''}, ${port ? 'port' : ''}, ${
+          credentials ? 'host' : 'credentials'
+        }.`
+      )
+    );
+  }
+  if (kerberos == null) {
+    try {
+      kerberos = retrieveKerberos();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return callback(e);
+    }
+  }
+  const username = credentials.username;
+  const password = credentials.password;
+  const mechanismProperties = credentials.mechanismProperties;
+  const serviceName =
+    mechanismProperties['gssapiservicename'] ||
+    mechanismProperties['gssapiServiceName'] ||
+    'mongodb';
+  performGssapiCanonicalizeHostName(host, mechanismProperties, (err, host) => {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    const initOptions = {};
+    if (password != null) {
+      Object.assign(initOptions, { user: username, password: password });
+    }
+    kerberos.initializeClient(
+      `${serviceName}${process.platform === 'win32' ? '/' : '@'}${host}`,
+      initOptions,
+      (err, client) => {
+        if (err) return callback(new MongoError(err));
+        callback(null, client);
+      }
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+function saslStart(payload) {
+  return {
+    saslStart: 1,
+    mechanism: 'GSSAPI',
+    payload,
+    autoAuthorize: 1
+  };
+}
+function saslContinue(payload, conversationId) {
+  return {
+    saslContinue: 1,
+    conversationId,
+    payload
+  };
+}
+function negotiate(client, retries, payload, callback) {
+  client.step(payload, (err, response) => {
+    // Retries exhausted, raise error
+    if (err && retries === 0) return callback(err);
+    // Adjust number of retries and call step again
+    if (err) return negotiate(client, retries - 1, payload, callback);
+    // Return the payload
+    callback(undefined, response || '');
+  });
+}
+function finalize(client, user, payload, callback) {
+  // GSS Client Unwrap
+  client.unwrap(payload, (err, response) => {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    // Wrap the response
+    client.wrap(response || '', { user }, (err, wrapped) => {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      // Return the payload
+      callback(undefined, wrapped);
+    });
+  });
+}
+function performGssapiCanonicalizeHostName(host, mechanismProperties, callback) {
+  const canonicalizeHostName =
+    typeof mechanismProperties.gssapiCanonicalizeHostName === 'boolean'
+      ? mechanismProperties.gssapiCanonicalizeHostName
+      : false;
+  if (!canonicalizeHostName) return callback(undefined, host);
+  // Attempt to resolve the host name
+  dns.resolveCname(host, (err, r) => {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    // Get the first resolve host id
+    if (Array.isArray(r) && r.length > 0) {
+      return callback(undefined, r[0]);
+    }
+    callback(undefined, host);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongo_credentials.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongo_credentials.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..090969e54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongo_credentials.js
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Resolves the default auth mechanism according to
+// https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/auth/auth.rst
+function getDefaultAuthMechanism(ismaster) {
+  if (ismaster) {
+    // If ismaster contains saslSupportedMechs, use scram-sha-256
+    // if it is available, else scram-sha-1
+    if (Array.isArray(ismaster.saslSupportedMechs)) {
+      return ismaster.saslSupportedMechs.indexOf('SCRAM-SHA-256') >= 0
+        ? 'scram-sha-256'
+        : 'scram-sha-1';
+    }
+
+    // Fallback to legacy selection method. If wire version >= 3, use scram-sha-1
+    if (ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 3) {
+      return 'scram-sha-1';
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Default for wireprotocol < 3
+  return 'mongocr';
+}
+
+/**
+ * A representation of the credentials used by MongoDB
+ * @class
+ * @property {string} mechanism The method used to authenticate
+ * @property {string} [username] The username used for authentication
+ * @property {string} [password] The password used for authentication
+ * @property {string} [source] The database that the user should authenticate against
+ * @property {object} [mechanismProperties] Special properties used by some types of auth mechanisms
+ */
+class MongoCredentials {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new MongoCredentials object
+   * @param {object} [options]
+   * @param {string} [options.username] The username used for authentication
+   * @param {string} [options.password] The password used for authentication
+   * @param {string} [options.source] The database that the user should authenticate against
+   * @param {string} [options.mechanism] The method used to authenticate
+   * @param {object} [options.mechanismProperties] Special properties used by some types of auth mechanisms
+   */
+  constructor(options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    this.username = options.username;
+    this.password = options.password;
+    this.source = options.source || options.db;
+    this.mechanism = options.mechanism || 'default';
+    this.mechanismProperties = options.mechanismProperties || {};
+
+    if (/MONGODB-AWS/i.test(this.mechanism)) {
+      if (!this.username && process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID) {
+        this.username = process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID;
+      }
+
+      if (!this.password && process.env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY) {
+        this.password = process.env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY;
+      }
+
+      if (!this.mechanismProperties.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN && process.env.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN) {
+        this.mechanismProperties.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN = process.env.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN;
+      }
+    }
+
+    Object.freeze(this.mechanismProperties);
+    Object.freeze(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if two MongoCredentials objects are equivalent
+   * @param {MongoCredentials} other another MongoCredentials object
+   * @returns {boolean} true if the two objects are equal.
+   */
+  equals(other) {
+    return (
+      this.mechanism === other.mechanism &&
+      this.username === other.username &&
+      this.password === other.password &&
+      this.source === other.source
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If the authentication mechanism is set to "default", resolves the authMechanism
+   * based on the server version and server supported sasl mechanisms.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [ismaster] An ismaster response from the server
+   * @returns {MongoCredentials}
+   */
+  resolveAuthMechanism(ismaster) {
+    // If the mechanism is not "default", then it does not need to be resolved
+    if (/DEFAULT/i.test(this.mechanism)) {
+      return new MongoCredentials({
+        username: this.username,
+        password: this.password,
+        source: this.source,
+        mechanism: getDefaultAuthMechanism(ismaster),
+        mechanismProperties: this.mechanismProperties
+      });
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { MongoCredentials };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongocr.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongocr.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b1c341a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongocr.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const AuthProvider = require('./auth_provider').AuthProvider;
+
+class MongoCR extends AuthProvider {
+  auth(authContext, callback) {
+    const connection = authContext.connection;
+    const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+    const username = credentials.username;
+    const password = credentials.password;
+    const source = credentials.source;
+
+    connection.command(`${source}.$cmd`, { getnonce: 1 }, (err, result) => {
+      let nonce = null;
+      let key = null;
+
+      // Get nonce
+      if (err == null) {
+        const r = result.result;
+        nonce = r.nonce;
+        // Use node md5 generator
+        let md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
+        // Generate keys used for authentication
+        md5.update(username + ':mongo:' + password, 'utf8');
+        const hash_password = md5.digest('hex');
+        // Final key
+        md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
+        md5.update(nonce + username + hash_password, 'utf8');
+        key = md5.digest('hex');
+      }
+
+      const authenticateCommand = {
+        authenticate: 1,
+        user: username,
+        nonce,
+        key
+      };
+
+      connection.command(`${source}.$cmd`, authenticateCommand, callback);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = MongoCR;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongodb_aws.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongodb_aws.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af19d6dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/mongodb_aws.js
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+'use strict';
+const AuthProvider = require('./auth_provider').AuthProvider;
+const MongoCredentials = require('./mongo_credentials').MongoCredentials;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const http = require('http');
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+const url = require('url');
+
+let aws4;
+try {
+  aws4 = require('aws4');
+} catch (e) {
+  // don't do anything;
+}
+
+const ASCII_N = 110;
+const AWS_RELATIVE_URI = 'http://169.254.170.2';
+const AWS_EC2_URI = 'http://169.254.169.254';
+const AWS_EC2_PATH = '/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials';
+
+class MongoDBAWS extends AuthProvider {
+  auth(authContext, callback) {
+    const connection = authContext.connection;
+    const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+
+    if (maxWireVersion(connection) < 9) {
+      callback(new MongoError('MONGODB-AWS authentication requires MongoDB version 4.4 or later'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (aws4 == null) {
+      callback(
+        new MongoError(
+          'MONGODB-AWS authentication requires the `aws4` module, please install it as a dependency of your project'
+        )
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (credentials.username == null) {
+      makeTempCredentials(credentials, (err, tempCredentials) => {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+
+        authContext.credentials = tempCredentials;
+        this.auth(authContext, callback);
+      });
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const username = credentials.username;
+    const password = credentials.password;
+    const db = credentials.source;
+    const token = credentials.mechanismProperties.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN;
+    const bson = this.bson;
+
+    crypto.randomBytes(32, (err, nonce) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const saslStart = {
+        saslStart: 1,
+        mechanism: 'MONGODB-AWS',
+        payload: bson.serialize({ r: nonce, p: ASCII_N })
+      };
+
+      connection.command(`${db}.$cmd`, saslStart, (err, result) => {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+
+        const res = result.result;
+        const serverResponse = bson.deserialize(res.payload.buffer);
+        const host = serverResponse.h;
+        const serverNonce = serverResponse.s.buffer;
+        if (serverNonce.length !== 64) {
+          callback(
+            new MongoError(`Invalid server nonce length ${serverNonce.length}, expected 64`)
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (serverNonce.compare(nonce, 0, nonce.length, 0, nonce.length) !== 0) {
+          callback(new MongoError('Server nonce does not begin with client nonce'));
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (host.length < 1 || host.length > 255 || host.indexOf('..') !== -1) {
+          callback(new MongoError(`Server returned an invalid host: "${host}"`));
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const body = 'Action=GetCallerIdentity&Version=2011-06-15';
+        const options = aws4.sign(
+          {
+            method: 'POST',
+            host,
+            region: deriveRegion(serverResponse.h),
+            service: 'sts',
+            headers: {
+              'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+              'Content-Length': body.length,
+              'X-MongoDB-Server-Nonce': serverNonce.toString('base64'),
+              'X-MongoDB-GS2-CB-Flag': 'n'
+            },
+            path: '/',
+            body
+          },
+          {
+            accessKeyId: username,
+            secretAccessKey: password,
+            token
+          }
+        );
+
+        const authorization = options.headers.Authorization;
+        const date = options.headers['X-Amz-Date'];
+        const payload = { a: authorization, d: date };
+        if (token) {
+          payload.t = token;
+        }
+
+        const saslContinue = {
+          saslContinue: 1,
+          conversationId: 1,
+          payload: bson.serialize(payload)
+        };
+
+        connection.command(`${db}.$cmd`, saslContinue, err => {
+          if (err) return callback(err);
+          callback();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function makeTempCredentials(credentials, callback) {
+  function done(creds) {
+    if (creds.AccessKeyId == null || creds.SecretAccessKey == null || creds.Token == null) {
+      callback(new MongoError('Could not obtain temporary MONGODB-AWS credentials'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    callback(
+      undefined,
+      new MongoCredentials({
+        username: creds.AccessKeyId,
+        password: creds.SecretAccessKey,
+        source: credentials.source,
+        mechanism: 'MONGODB-AWS',
+        mechanismProperties: {
+          AWS_SESSION_TOKEN: creds.Token
+        }
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  // If the environment variable AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI
+  // is set then drivers MUST assume that it was set by an AWS ECS agent
+  if (process.env.AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI) {
+    request(
+      `${AWS_RELATIVE_URI}${process.env.AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI}`,
+      (err, res) => {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+        done(res);
+      }
+    );
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise assume we are on an EC2 instance
+
+  // get a token
+
+  request(
+    `${AWS_EC2_URI}/latest/api/token`,
+    { method: 'PUT', json: false, headers: { 'X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds': 30 } },
+    (err, token) => {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+
+      // get role name
+      request(
+        `${AWS_EC2_URI}/${AWS_EC2_PATH}`,
+        { json: false, headers: { 'X-aws-ec2-metadata-token': token } },
+        (err, roleName) => {
+          if (err) return callback(err);
+
+          // get temp credentials
+          request(
+            `${AWS_EC2_URI}/${AWS_EC2_PATH}/${roleName}`,
+            { headers: { 'X-aws-ec2-metadata-token': token } },
+            (err, creds) => {
+              if (err) return callback(err);
+              done(creds);
+            }
+          );
+        }
+      );
+    }
+  );
+}
+
+function deriveRegion(host) {
+  const parts = host.split('.');
+  if (parts.length === 1 || parts[1] === 'amazonaws') {
+    return 'us-east-1';
+  }
+
+  return parts[1];
+}
+
+function request(uri, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = Object.assign(
+    {
+      method: 'GET',
+      timeout: 10000,
+      json: true
+    },
+    url.parse(uri),
+    options
+  );
+
+  const req = http.request(options, res => {
+    res.setEncoding('utf8');
+
+    let data = '';
+    res.on('data', d => (data += d));
+    res.on('end', () => {
+      if (options.json === false) {
+        callback(undefined, data);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(data);
+        callback(undefined, parsed);
+      } catch (err) {
+        callback(new MongoError(`Invalid JSON response: "${data}"`));
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  req.on('error', err => callback(err));
+  req.end();
+}
+
+module.exports = MongoDBAWS;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/plain.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/plain.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8de3dd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/plain.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+const retrieveBSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const AuthProvider = require('./auth_provider').AuthProvider;
+
+// TODO: can we get the Binary type from this.bson instead?
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const Binary = BSON.Binary;
+
+class Plain extends AuthProvider {
+  auth(authContext, callback) {
+    const connection = authContext.connection;
+    const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+    const username = credentials.username;
+    const password = credentials.password;
+
+    const payload = new Binary(`\x00${username}\x00${password}`);
+    const command = {
+      saslStart: 1,
+      mechanism: 'PLAIN',
+      payload: payload,
+      autoAuthorize: 1
+    };
+
+    connection.command('$external.$cmd', command, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Plain;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/scram.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/scram.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7eca32dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/scram.js
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+'use strict';
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+const retrieveBSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const AuthProvider = require('./auth_provider').AuthProvider;
+const emitWarningOnce = require('../../utils').emitWarning;
+
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const Binary = BSON.Binary;
+
+let saslprep;
+try {
+  saslprep = require('saslprep');
+} catch (e) {
+  // don't do anything;
+}
+
+class ScramSHA extends AuthProvider {
+  constructor(bson, cryptoMethod) {
+    super(bson);
+    this.cryptoMethod = cryptoMethod || 'sha1';
+  }
+
+  prepare(handshakeDoc, authContext, callback) {
+    const cryptoMethod = this.cryptoMethod;
+    if (cryptoMethod === 'sha256' && saslprep == null) {
+      emitWarningOnce('Warning: no saslprep library specified. Passwords will not be sanitized');
+    }
+
+    crypto.randomBytes(24, (err, nonce) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      // store the nonce for later use
+      Object.assign(authContext, { nonce });
+
+      const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+      const request = Object.assign({}, handshakeDoc, {
+        speculativeAuthenticate: Object.assign(makeFirstMessage(cryptoMethod, credentials, nonce), {
+          db: credentials.source
+        })
+      });
+
+      callback(undefined, request);
+    });
+  }
+
+  auth(authContext, callback) {
+    const response = authContext.response;
+    if (response && response.speculativeAuthenticate) {
+      continueScramConversation(
+        this.cryptoMethod,
+        response.speculativeAuthenticate,
+        authContext,
+        callback
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    executeScram(this.cryptoMethod, authContext, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+function cleanUsername(username) {
+  return username.replace('=', '=3D').replace(',', '=2C');
+}
+
+function clientFirstMessageBare(username, nonce) {
+  // NOTE: This is done b/c Javascript uses UTF-16, but the server is hashing in UTF-8.
+  // Since the username is not sasl-prep-d, we need to do this here.
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    Buffer.from('n=', 'utf8'),
+    Buffer.from(username, 'utf8'),
+    Buffer.from(',r=', 'utf8'),
+    Buffer.from(nonce.toString('base64'), 'utf8')
+  ]);
+}
+
+function makeFirstMessage(cryptoMethod, credentials, nonce) {
+  const username = cleanUsername(credentials.username);
+  const mechanism = cryptoMethod === 'sha1' ? 'SCRAM-SHA-1' : 'SCRAM-SHA-256';
+
+  // NOTE: This is done b/c Javascript uses UTF-16, but the server is hashing in UTF-8.
+  // Since the username is not sasl-prep-d, we need to do this here.
+  return {
+    saslStart: 1,
+    mechanism,
+    payload: new Binary(
+      Buffer.concat([Buffer.from('n,,', 'utf8'), clientFirstMessageBare(username, nonce)])
+    ),
+    autoAuthorize: 1,
+    options: { skipEmptyExchange: true }
+  };
+}
+
+function executeScram(cryptoMethod, authContext, callback) {
+  const connection = authContext.connection;
+  const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+  const nonce = authContext.nonce;
+  const db = credentials.source;
+
+  const saslStartCmd = makeFirstMessage(cryptoMethod, credentials, nonce);
+  connection.command(`${db}.$cmd`, saslStartCmd, (_err, result) => {
+    const err = resolveError(_err, result);
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    continueScramConversation(cryptoMethod, result.result, authContext, callback);
+  });
+}
+
+function continueScramConversation(cryptoMethod, response, authContext, callback) {
+  const connection = authContext.connection;
+  const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+  const nonce = authContext.nonce;
+
+  const db = credentials.source;
+  const username = cleanUsername(credentials.username);
+  const password = credentials.password;
+
+  let processedPassword;
+  if (cryptoMethod === 'sha256') {
+    processedPassword = saslprep ? saslprep(password) : password;
+  } else {
+    try {
+      processedPassword = passwordDigest(username, password);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return callback(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const payload = Buffer.isBuffer(response.payload)
+    ? new Binary(response.payload)
+    : response.payload;
+  const dict = parsePayload(payload.value());
+
+  const iterations = parseInt(dict.i, 10);
+  if (iterations && iterations < 4096) {
+    callback(new MongoError(`Server returned an invalid iteration count ${iterations}`), false);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const salt = dict.s;
+  const rnonce = dict.r;
+  if (rnonce.startsWith('nonce')) {
+    callback(new MongoError(`Server returned an invalid nonce: ${rnonce}`), false);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set up start of proof
+  const withoutProof = `c=biws,r=${rnonce}`;
+  const saltedPassword = HI(
+    processedPassword,
+    Buffer.from(salt, 'base64'),
+    iterations,
+    cryptoMethod
+  );
+
+  const clientKey = HMAC(cryptoMethod, saltedPassword, 'Client Key');
+  const serverKey = HMAC(cryptoMethod, saltedPassword, 'Server Key');
+  const storedKey = H(cryptoMethod, clientKey);
+  const authMessage = [
+    clientFirstMessageBare(username, nonce),
+    payload.value().toString('base64'),
+    withoutProof
+  ].join(',');
+
+  const clientSignature = HMAC(cryptoMethod, storedKey, authMessage);
+  const clientProof = `p=${xor(clientKey, clientSignature)}`;
+  const clientFinal = [withoutProof, clientProof].join(',');
+
+  const serverSignature = HMAC(cryptoMethod, serverKey, authMessage);
+  const saslContinueCmd = {
+    saslContinue: 1,
+    conversationId: response.conversationId,
+    payload: new Binary(Buffer.from(clientFinal))
+  };
+
+  connection.command(`${db}.$cmd`, saslContinueCmd, (_err, result) => {
+    const err = resolveError(_err, result);
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    const r = result.result;
+    const parsedResponse = parsePayload(r.payload.value());
+    if (!compareDigest(Buffer.from(parsedResponse.v, 'base64'), serverSignature)) {
+      callback(new MongoError('Server returned an invalid signature'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!r || r.done !== false) {
+      return callback(err, r);
+    }
+
+    const retrySaslContinueCmd = {
+      saslContinue: 1,
+      conversationId: r.conversationId,
+      payload: Buffer.alloc(0)
+    };
+
+    connection.command(`${db}.$cmd`, retrySaslContinueCmd, callback);
+  });
+}
+
+function parsePayload(payload) {
+  const dict = {};
+  const parts = payload.split(',');
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    const valueParts = parts[i].split('=');
+    dict[valueParts[0]] = valueParts[1];
+  }
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+function passwordDigest(username, password) {
+  if (typeof username !== 'string') {
+    throw new MongoError('username must be a string');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof password !== 'string') {
+    throw new MongoError('password must be a string');
+  }
+
+  if (password.length === 0) {
+    throw new MongoError('password cannot be empty');
+  }
+
+  const md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
+  md5.update(`${username}:mongo:${password}`, 'utf8');
+  return md5.digest('hex');
+}
+
+// XOR two buffers
+function xor(a, b) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a)) {
+    a = Buffer.from(a);
+  }
+
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
+    b = Buffer.from(b);
+  }
+
+  const length = Math.max(a.length, b.length);
+  const res = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
+    res.push(a[i] ^ b[i]);
+  }
+
+  return Buffer.from(res).toString('base64');
+}
+
+function H(method, text) {
+  return crypto
+    .createHash(method)
+    .update(text)
+    .digest();
+}
+
+function HMAC(method, key, text) {
+  return crypto
+    .createHmac(method, key)
+    .update(text)
+    .digest();
+}
+
+let _hiCache = {};
+let _hiCacheCount = 0;
+function _hiCachePurge() {
+  _hiCache = {};
+  _hiCacheCount = 0;
+}
+
+const hiLengthMap = {
+  sha256: 32,
+  sha1: 20
+};
+
+function HI(data, salt, iterations, cryptoMethod) {
+  // omit the work if already generated
+  const key = [data, salt.toString('base64'), iterations].join('_');
+  if (_hiCache[key] !== undefined) {
+    return _hiCache[key];
+  }
+
+  // generate the salt
+  const saltedData = crypto.pbkdf2Sync(
+    data,
+    salt,
+    iterations,
+    hiLengthMap[cryptoMethod],
+    cryptoMethod
+  );
+
+  // cache a copy to speed up the next lookup, but prevent unbounded cache growth
+  if (_hiCacheCount >= 200) {
+    _hiCachePurge();
+  }
+
+  _hiCache[key] = saltedData;
+  _hiCacheCount += 1;
+  return saltedData;
+}
+
+function compareDigest(lhs, rhs) {
+  if (lhs.length !== rhs.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof crypto.timingSafeEqual === 'function') {
+    return crypto.timingSafeEqual(lhs, rhs);
+  }
+
+  let result = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < lhs.length; i++) {
+    result |= lhs[i] ^ rhs[i];
+  }
+
+  return result === 0;
+}
+
+function resolveError(err, result) {
+  if (err) return err;
+
+  const r = result.result;
+  if (r.$err || r.errmsg) return new MongoError(r);
+}
+
+class ScramSHA1 extends ScramSHA {
+  constructor(bson) {
+    super(bson, 'sha1');
+  }
+}
+
+class ScramSHA256 extends ScramSHA {
+  constructor(bson) {
+    super(bson, 'sha256');
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { ScramSHA1, ScramSHA256 };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/x509.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/x509.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dafa3c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/auth/x509.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+const AuthProvider = require('./auth_provider').AuthProvider;
+
+class X509 extends AuthProvider {
+  prepare(handshakeDoc, authContext, callback) {
+    const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+    Object.assign(handshakeDoc, {
+      speculativeAuthenticate: x509AuthenticateCommand(credentials)
+    });
+
+    callback(undefined, handshakeDoc);
+  }
+
+  auth(authContext, callback) {
+    const connection = authContext.connection;
+    const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+    const response = authContext.response;
+    if (response.speculativeAuthenticate) {
+      return callback();
+    }
+
+    connection.command('$external.$cmd', x509AuthenticateCommand(credentials), callback);
+  }
+}
+
+function x509AuthenticateCommand(credentials) {
+  const command = { authenticate: 1, mechanism: 'MONGODB-X509' };
+  if (credentials.username) {
+    Object.assign(command, { user: credentials.username });
+  }
+
+  return command;
+}
+
+module.exports = X509;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/apm.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/apm.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1acf22cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/apm.js
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+'use strict';
+const Msg = require('../connection/msg').Msg;
+const KillCursor = require('../connection/commands').KillCursor;
+const GetMore = require('../connection/commands').GetMore;
+const calculateDurationInMs = require('../../utils').calculateDurationInMs;
+
+/** Commands that we want to redact because of the sensitive nature of their contents */
+const SENSITIVE_COMMANDS = new Set([
+  'authenticate',
+  'saslStart',
+  'saslContinue',
+  'getnonce',
+  'createUser',
+  'updateUser',
+  'copydbgetnonce',
+  'copydbsaslstart',
+  'copydb'
+]);
+
+// helper methods
+const extractCommandName = commandDoc => Object.keys(commandDoc)[0];
+const namespace = command => command.ns;
+const databaseName = command => command.ns.split('.')[0];
+const collectionName = command => command.ns.split('.')[1];
+const generateConnectionId = pool =>
+  pool.options ? `${pool.options.host}:${pool.options.port}` : pool.address;
+const maybeRedact = (commandName, result) => (SENSITIVE_COMMANDS.has(commandName) ? {} : result);
+const isLegacyPool = pool => pool.s && pool.queue;
+
+const LEGACY_FIND_QUERY_MAP = {
+  $query: 'filter',
+  $orderby: 'sort',
+  $hint: 'hint',
+  $comment: 'comment',
+  $maxScan: 'maxScan',
+  $max: 'max',
+  $min: 'min',
+  $returnKey: 'returnKey',
+  $showDiskLoc: 'showRecordId',
+  $maxTimeMS: 'maxTimeMS',
+  $snapshot: 'snapshot'
+};
+
+const LEGACY_FIND_OPTIONS_MAP = {
+  numberToSkip: 'skip',
+  numberToReturn: 'batchSize',
+  returnFieldsSelector: 'projection'
+};
+
+const OP_QUERY_KEYS = [
+  'tailable',
+  'oplogReplay',
+  'noCursorTimeout',
+  'awaitData',
+  'partial',
+  'exhaust'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Extract the actual command from the query, possibly upconverting if it's a legacy
+ * format
+ *
+ * @param {Object} command the command
+ */
+const extractCommand = command => {
+  if (command instanceof GetMore) {
+    return {
+      getMore: command.cursorId,
+      collection: collectionName(command),
+      batchSize: command.numberToReturn
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (command instanceof KillCursor) {
+    return {
+      killCursors: collectionName(command),
+      cursors: command.cursorIds
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (command instanceof Msg) {
+    return command.command;
+  }
+
+  if (command.query && command.query.$query) {
+    let result;
+    if (command.ns === 'admin.$cmd') {
+      // upconvert legacy command
+      result = Object.assign({}, command.query.$query);
+    } else {
+      // upconvert legacy find command
+      result = { find: collectionName(command) };
+      Object.keys(LEGACY_FIND_QUERY_MAP).forEach(key => {
+        if (typeof command.query[key] !== 'undefined')
+          result[LEGACY_FIND_QUERY_MAP[key]] = command.query[key];
+      });
+    }
+
+    Object.keys(LEGACY_FIND_OPTIONS_MAP).forEach(key => {
+      if (typeof command[key] !== 'undefined') result[LEGACY_FIND_OPTIONS_MAP[key]] = command[key];
+    });
+
+    OP_QUERY_KEYS.forEach(key => {
+      if (command[key]) result[key] = command[key];
+    });
+
+    if (typeof command.pre32Limit !== 'undefined') {
+      result.limit = command.pre32Limit;
+    }
+
+    if (command.query.$explain) {
+      return { explain: result };
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  return command.query ? command.query : command;
+};
+
+const extractReply = (command, reply) => {
+  if (command instanceof GetMore) {
+    return {
+      ok: 1,
+      cursor: {
+        id: reply.message.cursorId,
+        ns: namespace(command),
+        nextBatch: reply.message.documents
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (command instanceof KillCursor) {
+    return {
+      ok: 1,
+      cursorsUnknown: command.cursorIds
+    };
+  }
+
+  // is this a legacy find command?
+  if (command.query && typeof command.query.$query !== 'undefined') {
+    return {
+      ok: 1,
+      cursor: {
+        id: reply.message.cursorId,
+        ns: namespace(command),
+        firstBatch: reply.message.documents
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  return reply && reply.result ? reply.result : reply;
+};
+
+const extractConnectionDetails = pool => {
+  if (isLegacyPool(pool)) {
+    return {
+      connectionId: generateConnectionId(pool)
+    };
+  }
+
+  // APM in the modern pool is done at the `Connection` level, so we rename it here for
+  // readability.
+  const connection = pool;
+  return {
+    address: connection.address,
+    connectionId: connection.id
+  };
+};
+
+/** An event indicating the start of a given command */
+class CommandStartedEvent {
+  /**
+   * Create a started event
+   *
+   * @param {Pool} pool the pool that originated the command
+   * @param {Object} command the command
+   */
+  constructor(pool, command) {
+    const cmd = extractCommand(command);
+    const commandName = extractCommandName(cmd);
+    const connectionDetails = extractConnectionDetails(pool);
+
+    // NOTE: remove in major revision, this is not spec behavior
+    if (SENSITIVE_COMMANDS.has(commandName)) {
+      this.commandObj = {};
+      this.commandObj[commandName] = true;
+    }
+
+    Object.assign(this, connectionDetails, {
+      requestId: command.requestId,
+      databaseName: databaseName(command),
+      commandName,
+      command: cmd
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/** An event indicating the success of a given command */
+class CommandSucceededEvent {
+  /**
+   * Create a succeeded event
+   *
+   * @param {Pool} pool the pool that originated the command
+   * @param {Object} command the command
+   * @param {Object} reply the reply for this command from the server
+   * @param {Array} started a high resolution tuple timestamp of when the command was first sent, to calculate duration
+   */
+  constructor(pool, command, reply, started) {
+    const cmd = extractCommand(command);
+    const commandName = extractCommandName(cmd);
+    const connectionDetails = extractConnectionDetails(pool);
+
+    Object.assign(this, connectionDetails, {
+      requestId: command.requestId,
+      commandName,
+      duration: calculateDurationInMs(started),
+      reply: maybeRedact(commandName, extractReply(command, reply))
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/** An event indicating the failure of a given command */
+class CommandFailedEvent {
+  /**
+   * Create a failure event
+   *
+   * @param {Pool} pool the pool that originated the command
+   * @param {Object} command the command
+   * @param {MongoError|Object} error the generated error or a server error response
+   * @param {Array} started a high resolution tuple timestamp of when the command was first sent, to calculate duration
+   */
+  constructor(pool, command, error, started) {
+    const cmd = extractCommand(command);
+    const commandName = extractCommandName(cmd);
+    const connectionDetails = extractConnectionDetails(pool);
+
+    Object.assign(this, connectionDetails, {
+      requestId: command.requestId,
+      commandName,
+      duration: calculateDurationInMs(started),
+      failure: maybeRedact(commandName, error)
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  CommandStartedEvent,
+  CommandSucceededEvent,
+  CommandFailedEvent
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/command_result.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/command_result.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..762aa3f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/command_result.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new CommandResult instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {object} result CommandResult object
+ * @param {Connection} connection A connection instance associated with this result
+ * @return {CommandResult} A cursor instance
+ */
+var CommandResult = function(result, connection, message) {
+  this.result = result;
+  this.connection = connection;
+  this.message = message;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Convert CommandResult to JSON
+ * @method
+ * @return {object}
+ */
+CommandResult.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  let result = Object.assign({}, this, this.result);
+  delete result.message;
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Convert CommandResult to String representation
+ * @method
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+CommandResult.prototype.toString = function() {
+  return JSON.stringify(this.toJSON());
+};
+
+module.exports = CommandResult;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/commands.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/commands.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b24ff8481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/commands.js
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var retrieveBSON = require('./utils').retrieveBSON;
+var BSON = retrieveBSON();
+var Long = BSON.Long;
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+
+// Incrementing request id
+var _requestId = 0;
+
+// Wire command operation ids
+var opcodes = require('../wireprotocol/shared').opcodes;
+
+// Query flags
+var OPTS_TAILABLE_CURSOR = 2;
+var OPTS_SLAVE = 4;
+var OPTS_OPLOG_REPLAY = 8;
+var OPTS_NO_CURSOR_TIMEOUT = 16;
+var OPTS_AWAIT_DATA = 32;
+var OPTS_EXHAUST = 64;
+var OPTS_PARTIAL = 128;
+
+// Response flags
+var CURSOR_NOT_FOUND = 1;
+var QUERY_FAILURE = 2;
+var SHARD_CONFIG_STALE = 4;
+var AWAIT_CAPABLE = 8;
+
+/**************************************************************
+ * QUERY
+ **************************************************************/
+var Query = function(bson, ns, query, options) {
+  var self = this;
+  // Basic options needed to be passed in
+  if (ns == null) throw new Error('ns must be specified for query');
+  if (query == null) throw new Error('query must be specified for query');
+
+  // Validate that we are not passing 0x00 in the collection name
+  if (ns.indexOf('\x00') !== -1) {
+    throw new Error('namespace cannot contain a null character');
+  }
+
+  // Basic options
+  this.bson = bson;
+  this.ns = ns;
+  this.query = query;
+
+  // Additional options
+  this.numberToSkip = options.numberToSkip || 0;
+  this.numberToReturn = options.numberToReturn || 0;
+  this.returnFieldSelector = options.returnFieldSelector || null;
+  this.requestId = Query.getRequestId();
+
+  // special case for pre-3.2 find commands, delete ASAP
+  this.pre32Limit = options.pre32Limit;
+
+  // Serialization option
+  this.serializeFunctions =
+    typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+  this.ignoreUndefined =
+    typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : false;
+  this.maxBsonSize = options.maxBsonSize || 1024 * 1024 * 16;
+  this.checkKeys = typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : true;
+  this.batchSize = self.numberToReturn;
+
+  // Flags
+  this.tailable = false;
+  this.slaveOk = typeof options.slaveOk === 'boolean' ? options.slaveOk : false;
+  this.oplogReplay = false;
+  this.noCursorTimeout = false;
+  this.awaitData = false;
+  this.exhaust = false;
+  this.partial = false;
+};
+
+//
+// Assign a new request Id
+Query.prototype.incRequestId = function() {
+  this.requestId = _requestId++;
+};
+
+//
+// Assign a new request Id
+Query.nextRequestId = function() {
+  return _requestId + 1;
+};
+
+//
+// Uses a single allocated buffer for the process, avoiding multiple memory allocations
+Query.prototype.toBin = function() {
+  var self = this;
+  var buffers = [];
+  var projection = null;
+
+  // Set up the flags
+  var flags = 0;
+  if (this.tailable) {
+    flags |= OPTS_TAILABLE_CURSOR;
+  }
+
+  if (this.slaveOk) {
+    flags |= OPTS_SLAVE;
+  }
+
+  if (this.oplogReplay) {
+    flags |= OPTS_OPLOG_REPLAY;
+  }
+
+  if (this.noCursorTimeout) {
+    flags |= OPTS_NO_CURSOR_TIMEOUT;
+  }
+
+  if (this.awaitData) {
+    flags |= OPTS_AWAIT_DATA;
+  }
+
+  if (this.exhaust) {
+    flags |= OPTS_EXHAUST;
+  }
+
+  if (this.partial) {
+    flags |= OPTS_PARTIAL;
+  }
+
+  // If batchSize is different to self.numberToReturn
+  if (self.batchSize !== self.numberToReturn) self.numberToReturn = self.batchSize;
+
+  // Allocate write protocol header buffer
+  var header = Buffer.alloc(
+    4 * 4 + // Header
+    4 + // Flags
+    Buffer.byteLength(self.ns) +
+    1 + // namespace
+    4 + // numberToSkip
+      4 // numberToReturn
+  );
+
+  // Add header to buffers
+  buffers.push(header);
+
+  // Serialize the query
+  var query = self.bson.serialize(this.query, {
+    checkKeys: this.checkKeys,
+    serializeFunctions: this.serializeFunctions,
+    ignoreUndefined: this.ignoreUndefined
+  });
+
+  // Add query document
+  buffers.push(query);
+
+  if (self.returnFieldSelector && Object.keys(self.returnFieldSelector).length > 0) {
+    // Serialize the projection document
+    projection = self.bson.serialize(this.returnFieldSelector, {
+      checkKeys: this.checkKeys,
+      serializeFunctions: this.serializeFunctions,
+      ignoreUndefined: this.ignoreUndefined
+    });
+    // Add projection document
+    buffers.push(projection);
+  }
+
+  // Total message size
+  var totalLength = header.length + query.length + (projection ? projection.length : 0);
+
+  // Set up the index
+  var index = 4;
+
+  // Write total document length
+  header[3] = (totalLength >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[2] = (totalLength >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[1] = (totalLength >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[0] = totalLength & 0xff;
+
+  // Write header information requestId
+  header[index + 3] = (this.requestId >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 2] = (this.requestId >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 1] = (this.requestId >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[index] = this.requestId & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write header information responseTo
+  header[index + 3] = (0 >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 2] = (0 >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 1] = (0 >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[index] = 0 & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write header information OP_QUERY
+  header[index + 3] = (opcodes.OP_QUERY >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 2] = (opcodes.OP_QUERY >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 1] = (opcodes.OP_QUERY >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[index] = opcodes.OP_QUERY & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write header information flags
+  header[index + 3] = (flags >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 2] = (flags >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 1] = (flags >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[index] = flags & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write collection name
+  index = index + header.write(this.ns, index, 'utf8') + 1;
+  header[index - 1] = 0;
+
+  // Write header information flags numberToSkip
+  header[index + 3] = (this.numberToSkip >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 2] = (this.numberToSkip >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 1] = (this.numberToSkip >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[index] = this.numberToSkip & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write header information flags numberToReturn
+  header[index + 3] = (this.numberToReturn >> 24) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 2] = (this.numberToReturn >> 16) & 0xff;
+  header[index + 1] = (this.numberToReturn >> 8) & 0xff;
+  header[index] = this.numberToReturn & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Return the buffers
+  return buffers;
+};
+
+Query.getRequestId = function() {
+  return ++_requestId;
+};
+
+/**************************************************************
+ * GETMORE
+ **************************************************************/
+var GetMore = function(bson, ns, cursorId, opts) {
+  opts = opts || {};
+  this.numberToReturn = opts.numberToReturn || 0;
+  this.requestId = _requestId++;
+  this.bson = bson;
+  this.ns = ns;
+  this.cursorId = cursorId;
+};
+
+//
+// Uses a single allocated buffer for the process, avoiding multiple memory allocations
+GetMore.prototype.toBin = function() {
+  var length = 4 + Buffer.byteLength(this.ns) + 1 + 4 + 8 + 4 * 4;
+  // Create command buffer
+  var index = 0;
+  // Allocate buffer
+  var _buffer = Buffer.alloc(length);
+
+  // Write header information
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, length);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (length >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (length >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (length >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = length & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, requestId);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (this.requestId >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (this.requestId >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (this.requestId >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = this.requestId & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, 0);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (0 >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (0 >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (0 >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = 0 & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, OP_GETMORE);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (opcodes.OP_GETMORE >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (opcodes.OP_GETMORE >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (opcodes.OP_GETMORE >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = opcodes.OP_GETMORE & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, 0);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (0 >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (0 >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (0 >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = 0 & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write collection name
+  index = index + _buffer.write(this.ns, index, 'utf8') + 1;
+  _buffer[index - 1] = 0;
+
+  // Write batch size
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, numberToReturn);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (this.numberToReturn >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (this.numberToReturn >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (this.numberToReturn >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = this.numberToReturn & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write cursor id
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, cursorId.getLowBits());
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (this.cursorId.getLowBits() >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (this.cursorId.getLowBits() >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (this.cursorId.getLowBits() >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = this.cursorId.getLowBits() & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, cursorId.getHighBits());
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (this.cursorId.getHighBits() >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (this.cursorId.getHighBits() >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (this.cursorId.getHighBits() >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = this.cursorId.getHighBits() & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Return buffer
+  return _buffer;
+};
+
+/**************************************************************
+ * KILLCURSOR
+ **************************************************************/
+var KillCursor = function(bson, ns, cursorIds) {
+  this.ns = ns;
+  this.requestId = _requestId++;
+  this.cursorIds = cursorIds;
+};
+
+//
+// Uses a single allocated buffer for the process, avoiding multiple memory allocations
+KillCursor.prototype.toBin = function() {
+  var length = 4 + 4 + 4 * 4 + this.cursorIds.length * 8;
+
+  // Create command buffer
+  var index = 0;
+  var _buffer = Buffer.alloc(length);
+
+  // Write header information
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, length);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (length >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (length >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (length >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = length & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, requestId);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (this.requestId >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (this.requestId >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (this.requestId >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = this.requestId & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, 0);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (0 >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (0 >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (0 >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = 0 & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, OP_KILL_CURSORS);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (opcodes.OP_KILL_CURSORS >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (opcodes.OP_KILL_CURSORS >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (opcodes.OP_KILL_CURSORS >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = opcodes.OP_KILL_CURSORS & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, 0);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (0 >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (0 >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (0 >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = 0 & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write batch size
+  // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, this.cursorIds.length);
+  _buffer[index + 3] = (this.cursorIds.length >> 24) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 2] = (this.cursorIds.length >> 16) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index + 1] = (this.cursorIds.length >> 8) & 0xff;
+  _buffer[index] = this.cursorIds.length & 0xff;
+  index = index + 4;
+
+  // Write all the cursor ids into the array
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.cursorIds.length; i++) {
+    // Write cursor id
+    // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, cursorIds[i].getLowBits());
+    _buffer[index + 3] = (this.cursorIds[i].getLowBits() >> 24) & 0xff;
+    _buffer[index + 2] = (this.cursorIds[i].getLowBits() >> 16) & 0xff;
+    _buffer[index + 1] = (this.cursorIds[i].getLowBits() >> 8) & 0xff;
+    _buffer[index] = this.cursorIds[i].getLowBits() & 0xff;
+    index = index + 4;
+
+    // index = write32bit(index, _buffer, cursorIds[i].getHighBits());
+    _buffer[index + 3] = (this.cursorIds[i].getHighBits() >> 24) & 0xff;
+    _buffer[index + 2] = (this.cursorIds[i].getHighBits() >> 16) & 0xff;
+    _buffer[index + 1] = (this.cursorIds[i].getHighBits() >> 8) & 0xff;
+    _buffer[index] = this.cursorIds[i].getHighBits() & 0xff;
+    index = index + 4;
+  }
+
+  // Return buffer
+  return _buffer;
+};
+
+var Response = function(bson, message, msgHeader, msgBody, opts) {
+  opts = opts || { promoteLongs: true, promoteValues: true, promoteBuffers: false };
+  this.parsed = false;
+  this.raw = message;
+  this.data = msgBody;
+  this.bson = bson;
+  this.opts = opts;
+
+  // Read the message header
+  this.length = msgHeader.length;
+  this.requestId = msgHeader.requestId;
+  this.responseTo = msgHeader.responseTo;
+  this.opCode = msgHeader.opCode;
+  this.fromCompressed = msgHeader.fromCompressed;
+
+  // Read the message body
+  this.responseFlags = msgBody.readInt32LE(0);
+  this.cursorId = new Long(msgBody.readInt32LE(4), msgBody.readInt32LE(8));
+  this.startingFrom = msgBody.readInt32LE(12);
+  this.numberReturned = msgBody.readInt32LE(16);
+
+  // Preallocate document array
+  this.documents = new Array(this.numberReturned);
+
+  // Flag values
+  this.cursorNotFound = (this.responseFlags & CURSOR_NOT_FOUND) !== 0;
+  this.queryFailure = (this.responseFlags & QUERY_FAILURE) !== 0;
+  this.shardConfigStale = (this.responseFlags & SHARD_CONFIG_STALE) !== 0;
+  this.awaitCapable = (this.responseFlags & AWAIT_CAPABLE) !== 0;
+  this.promoteLongs = typeof opts.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? opts.promoteLongs : true;
+  this.promoteValues = typeof opts.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? opts.promoteValues : true;
+  this.promoteBuffers = typeof opts.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? opts.promoteBuffers : false;
+};
+
+Response.prototype.isParsed = function() {
+  return this.parsed;
+};
+
+Response.prototype.parse = function(options) {
+  // Don't parse again if not needed
+  if (this.parsed) return;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Allow the return of raw documents instead of parsing
+  var raw = options.raw || false;
+  var documentsReturnedIn = options.documentsReturnedIn || null;
+  var promoteLongs =
+    typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? options.promoteLongs : this.opts.promoteLongs;
+  var promoteValues =
+    typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? options.promoteValues : this.opts.promoteValues;
+  var promoteBuffers =
+    typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? options.promoteBuffers : this.opts.promoteBuffers;
+  var bsonSize, _options;
+
+  // Set up the options
+  _options = {
+    promoteLongs: promoteLongs,
+    promoteValues: promoteValues,
+    promoteBuffers: promoteBuffers
+  };
+
+  // Position within OP_REPLY at which documents start
+  // (See https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/mongodb-wire-protocol/#wire-op-reply)
+  this.index = 20;
+
+  //
+  // Parse Body
+  //
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.numberReturned; i++) {
+    bsonSize =
+      this.data[this.index] |
+      (this.data[this.index + 1] << 8) |
+      (this.data[this.index + 2] << 16) |
+      (this.data[this.index + 3] << 24);
+
+    // If we have raw results specified slice the return document
+    if (raw) {
+      this.documents[i] = this.data.slice(this.index, this.index + bsonSize);
+    } else {
+      this.documents[i] = this.bson.deserialize(
+        this.data.slice(this.index, this.index + bsonSize),
+        _options
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Adjust the index
+    this.index = this.index + bsonSize;
+  }
+
+  if (this.documents.length === 1 && documentsReturnedIn != null && raw) {
+    const fieldsAsRaw = {};
+    fieldsAsRaw[documentsReturnedIn] = true;
+    _options.fieldsAsRaw = fieldsAsRaw;
+
+    const doc = this.bson.deserialize(this.documents[0], _options);
+    this.documents = [doc];
+  }
+
+  // Set parsed
+  this.parsed = true;
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+  Query: Query,
+  GetMore: GetMore,
+  Response: Response,
+  KillCursor: KillCursor
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/connect.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/connect.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd1053546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/connect.js
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+'use strict';
+const net = require('net');
+const tls = require('tls');
+const Connection = require('./connection');
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const MongoNetworkTimeoutError = require('../error').MongoNetworkTimeoutError;
+const defaultAuthProviders = require('../auth/defaultAuthProviders').defaultAuthProviders;
+const AuthContext = require('../auth/auth_provider').AuthContext;
+const WIRE_CONSTANTS = require('../wireprotocol/constants');
+const makeClientMetadata = require('../utils').makeClientMetadata;
+const MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION;
+const MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION;
+const MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION;
+const MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION;
+let AUTH_PROVIDERS;
+
+function connect(options, cancellationToken, callback) {
+  if (typeof cancellationToken === 'function') {
+    callback = cancellationToken;
+    cancellationToken = undefined;
+  }
+
+  const ConnectionType = options && options.connectionType ? options.connectionType : Connection;
+  if (AUTH_PROVIDERS == null) {
+    AUTH_PROVIDERS = defaultAuthProviders(options.bson);
+  }
+
+  const family = options.family !== void 0 ? options.family : 0;
+  makeConnection(family, options, cancellationToken, (err, socket) => {
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err, socket); // in the error case, `socket` is the originating error event name
+      return;
+    }
+
+    performInitialHandshake(new ConnectionType(socket, options), options, callback);
+  });
+}
+
+function isModernConnectionType(conn) {
+  return !(conn instanceof Connection);
+}
+
+function checkSupportedServer(ismaster, options) {
+  const serverVersionHighEnough =
+    ismaster &&
+    typeof ismaster.maxWireVersion === 'number' &&
+    ismaster.maxWireVersion >= MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION;
+  const serverVersionLowEnough =
+    ismaster &&
+    typeof ismaster.minWireVersion === 'number' &&
+    ismaster.minWireVersion <= MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION;
+
+  if (serverVersionHighEnough) {
+    if (serverVersionLowEnough) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const message = `Server at ${options.host}:${options.port} reports minimum wire version ${ismaster.minWireVersion}, but this version of the Node.js Driver requires at most ${MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION} (MongoDB ${MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION})`;
+    return new MongoError(message);
+  }
+
+  const message = `Server at ${options.host}:${
+    options.port
+  } reports maximum wire version ${ismaster.maxWireVersion ||
+    0}, but this version of the Node.js Driver requires at least ${MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION} (MongoDB ${MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION})`;
+  return new MongoError(message);
+}
+
+function performInitialHandshake(conn, options, _callback) {
+  const callback = function(err, ret) {
+    if (err && conn) {
+      conn.destroy();
+    }
+    _callback(err, ret);
+  };
+
+  const credentials = options.credentials;
+  if (credentials) {
+    if (!credentials.mechanism.match(/DEFAULT/i) && !AUTH_PROVIDERS[credentials.mechanism]) {
+      callback(new MongoError(`authMechanism '${credentials.mechanism}' not supported`));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const authContext = new AuthContext(conn, credentials, options);
+  prepareHandshakeDocument(authContext, (err, handshakeDoc) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    const handshakeOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+    if (options.connectTimeoutMS || options.connectionTimeout) {
+      // The handshake technically is a monitoring check, so its socket timeout should be connectTimeoutMS
+      handshakeOptions.socketTimeout = options.connectTimeoutMS || options.connectionTimeout;
+    }
+
+    const start = new Date().getTime();
+    conn.command('admin.$cmd', handshakeDoc, handshakeOptions, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const response = result.result;
+      if (response.ok === 0) {
+        callback(new MongoError(response));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const supportedServerErr = checkSupportedServer(response, options);
+      if (supportedServerErr) {
+        callback(supportedServerErr);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!isModernConnectionType(conn)) {
+        // resolve compression
+        if (response.compression) {
+          const agreedCompressors = handshakeDoc.compression.filter(
+            compressor => response.compression.indexOf(compressor) !== -1
+          );
+
+          if (agreedCompressors.length) {
+            conn.agreedCompressor = agreedCompressors[0];
+          }
+
+          if (options.compression && options.compression.zlibCompressionLevel) {
+            conn.zlibCompressionLevel = options.compression.zlibCompressionLevel;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // NOTE: This is metadata attached to the connection while porting away from
+      //       handshake being done in the `Server` class. Likely, it should be
+      //       relocated, or at very least restructured.
+      conn.ismaster = response;
+      conn.lastIsMasterMS = new Date().getTime() - start;
+
+      if (!response.arbiterOnly && credentials) {
+        // store the response on auth context
+        Object.assign(authContext, { response });
+
+        const resolvedCredentials = credentials.resolveAuthMechanism(response);
+        const authProvider = AUTH_PROVIDERS[resolvedCredentials.mechanism];
+        authProvider.auth(authContext, err => {
+          if (err) return callback(err);
+          callback(undefined, conn);
+        });
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      callback(undefined, conn);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function prepareHandshakeDocument(authContext, callback) {
+  const options = authContext.options;
+  const compressors =
+    options.compression && options.compression.compressors ? options.compression.compressors : [];
+
+  const handshakeDoc = {
+    ismaster: true,
+    client: options.metadata || makeClientMetadata(options),
+    compression: compressors
+  };
+
+  const credentials = authContext.credentials;
+  if (credentials) {
+    if (credentials.mechanism.match(/DEFAULT/i) && credentials.username) {
+      Object.assign(handshakeDoc, {
+        saslSupportedMechs: `${credentials.source}.${credentials.username}`
+      });
+
+      AUTH_PROVIDERS['scram-sha-256'].prepare(handshakeDoc, authContext, callback);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const authProvider = AUTH_PROVIDERS[credentials.mechanism];
+    authProvider.prepare(handshakeDoc, authContext, callback);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  callback(undefined, handshakeDoc);
+}
+
+const LEGAL_SSL_SOCKET_OPTIONS = [
+  'pfx',
+  'key',
+  'passphrase',
+  'cert',
+  'ca',
+  'ciphers',
+  'NPNProtocols',
+  'ALPNProtocols',
+  'servername',
+  'ecdhCurve',
+  'secureProtocol',
+  'secureContext',
+  'session',
+  'minDHSize',
+  'crl',
+  'rejectUnauthorized'
+];
+
+function parseConnectOptions(family, options) {
+  const host = typeof options.host === 'string' ? options.host : 'localhost';
+  if (host.indexOf('/') !== -1) {
+    return { path: host };
+  }
+
+  const result = {
+    family,
+    host,
+    port: typeof options.port === 'number' ? options.port : 27017,
+    rejectUnauthorized: false
+  };
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+function parseSslOptions(family, options) {
+  const result = parseConnectOptions(family, options);
+
+  // Merge in valid SSL options
+  for (const name in options) {
+    if (options[name] != null && LEGAL_SSL_SOCKET_OPTIONS.indexOf(name) !== -1) {
+      result[name] = options[name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Override checkServerIdentity behavior
+  if (options.checkServerIdentity === false) {
+    // Skip the identiy check by retuning undefined as per node documents
+    // https://nodejs.org/api/tls.html#tls_tls_connect_options_callback
+    result.checkServerIdentity = function() {
+      return undefined;
+    };
+  } else if (typeof options.checkServerIdentity === 'function') {
+    result.checkServerIdentity = options.checkServerIdentity;
+  }
+
+  // Set default sni servername to be the same as host
+  if (result.servername == null && !net.isIP(result.host)) {
+    result.servername = result.host;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+const SOCKET_ERROR_EVENTS = new Set(['error', 'close', 'timeout', 'parseError']);
+function makeConnection(family, options, cancellationToken, _callback) {
+  const useSsl = typeof options.ssl === 'boolean' ? options.ssl : false;
+  const keepAlive = typeof options.keepAlive === 'boolean' ? options.keepAlive : true;
+  let keepAliveInitialDelay =
+    typeof options.keepAliveInitialDelay === 'number' ? options.keepAliveInitialDelay : 120000;
+  const noDelay = typeof options.noDelay === 'boolean' ? options.noDelay : true;
+  const connectionTimeout =
+    typeof options.connectionTimeout === 'number'
+      ? options.connectionTimeout
+      : typeof options.connectTimeoutMS === 'number'
+      ? options.connectTimeoutMS
+      : 30000;
+  const socketTimeout = typeof options.socketTimeout === 'number' ? options.socketTimeout : 0;
+  const rejectUnauthorized =
+    typeof options.rejectUnauthorized === 'boolean' ? options.rejectUnauthorized : true;
+
+  if (keepAliveInitialDelay > socketTimeout) {
+    keepAliveInitialDelay = Math.round(socketTimeout / 2);
+  }
+
+  let socket;
+  const callback = function(err, ret) {
+    if (err && socket) {
+      socket.destroy();
+    }
+
+    _callback(err, ret);
+  };
+
+  try {
+    if (useSsl) {
+      socket = tls.connect(parseSslOptions(family, options));
+      if (typeof socket.disableRenegotiation === 'function') {
+        socket.disableRenegotiation();
+      }
+    } else {
+      socket = net.createConnection(parseConnectOptions(family, options));
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    return callback(err);
+  }
+
+  socket.setKeepAlive(keepAlive, keepAliveInitialDelay);
+  socket.setTimeout(connectionTimeout);
+  socket.setNoDelay(noDelay);
+
+  const connectEvent = useSsl ? 'secureConnect' : 'connect';
+  let cancellationHandler;
+  function errorHandler(eventName) {
+    return err => {
+      SOCKET_ERROR_EVENTS.forEach(event => socket.removeAllListeners(event));
+      if (cancellationHandler) {
+        cancellationToken.removeListener('cancel', cancellationHandler);
+      }
+
+      socket.removeListener(connectEvent, connectHandler);
+      callback(connectionFailureError(eventName, err));
+    };
+  }
+
+  function connectHandler() {
+    SOCKET_ERROR_EVENTS.forEach(event => socket.removeAllListeners(event));
+    if (cancellationHandler) {
+      cancellationToken.removeListener('cancel', cancellationHandler);
+    }
+
+    if (socket.authorizationError && rejectUnauthorized) {
+      return callback(socket.authorizationError);
+    }
+
+    socket.setTimeout(socketTimeout);
+    callback(null, socket);
+  }
+
+  SOCKET_ERROR_EVENTS.forEach(event => socket.once(event, errorHandler(event)));
+  if (cancellationToken) {
+    cancellationHandler = errorHandler('cancel');
+    cancellationToken.once('cancel', cancellationHandler);
+  }
+
+  socket.once(connectEvent, connectHandler);
+}
+
+function connectionFailureError(type, err) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'error':
+      return new MongoNetworkError(err);
+    case 'timeout':
+      return new MongoNetworkTimeoutError(`connection timed out`);
+    case 'close':
+      return new MongoNetworkError(`connection closed`);
+    case 'cancel':
+      return new MongoNetworkError(`connection establishment was cancelled`);
+    default:
+      return new MongoNetworkError(`unknown network error`);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = connect;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/connection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/connection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b22513b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/connection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const debugOptions = require('./utils').debugOptions;
+const parseHeader = require('../wireprotocol/shared').parseHeader;
+const decompress = require('../wireprotocol/compression').decompress;
+const Response = require('./commands').Response;
+const BinMsg = require('./msg').BinMsg;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const MongoNetworkTimeoutError = require('../error').MongoNetworkTimeoutError;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const Logger = require('./logger');
+const OP_COMPRESSED = require('../wireprotocol/shared').opcodes.OP_COMPRESSED;
+const OP_MSG = require('../wireprotocol/shared').opcodes.OP_MSG;
+const MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE = require('../wireprotocol/shared').MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+const Query = require('./commands').Query;
+const CommandResult = require('./command_result');
+
+let _id = 0;
+
+const DEFAULT_MAX_BSON_MESSAGE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 16 * 4;
+const DEBUG_FIELDS = [
+  'host',
+  'port',
+  'size',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'noDelay',
+  'connectionTimeout',
+  'socketTimeout',
+  'ssl',
+  'ca',
+  'crl',
+  'cert',
+  'rejectUnauthorized',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'checkServerIdentity'
+];
+
+let connectionAccountingSpy = undefined;
+let connectionAccounting = false;
+let connections = {};
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a single connection to a MongoDB server
+ *
+ * @fires Connection#connect
+ * @fires Connection#close
+ * @fires Connection#error
+ * @fires Connection#timeout
+ * @fires Connection#parseError
+ * @fires Connection#message
+ */
+class Connection extends EventEmitter {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Connection instance
+   *
+   * **NOTE**: Internal class, do not instantiate directly
+   *
+   * @param {Socket} socket The socket this connection wraps
+   * @param {Object} options Various settings
+   * @param {object} options.bson An implementation of bson serialize and deserialize
+   * @param {string} [options.host='localhost'] The host the socket is connected to
+   * @param {number} [options.port=27017] The port used for the socket connection
+   * @param {boolean} [options.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+   * @param {number} [options.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] Initial delay before TCP keep alive enabled
+   * @param {number} [options.connectionTimeout=30000] TCP Connection timeout setting
+   * @param {number} [options.socketTimeout=0] TCP Socket timeout setting
+   * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs] Convert Long values from the db into Numbers if they fit into 53 bits
+   * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+   * @param {number} [options.maxBsonMessageSize=0x4000000] Largest possible size of a BSON message (for legacy purposes)
+   */
+  constructor(socket, options) {
+    super();
+
+    options = options || {};
+    if (!options.bson) {
+      throw new TypeError('must pass in valid bson parser');
+    }
+
+    this.id = _id++;
+    this.options = options;
+    this.logger = Logger('Connection', options);
+    this.bson = options.bson;
+    this.tag = options.tag;
+    this.maxBsonMessageSize = options.maxBsonMessageSize || DEFAULT_MAX_BSON_MESSAGE_SIZE;
+
+    this.port = options.port || 27017;
+    this.host = options.host || 'localhost';
+    this.socketTimeout = typeof options.socketTimeout === 'number' ? options.socketTimeout : 0;
+
+    // These values are inspected directly in tests, but maybe not necessary to keep around
+    this.keepAlive = typeof options.keepAlive === 'boolean' ? options.keepAlive : true;
+    this.keepAliveInitialDelay =
+      typeof options.keepAliveInitialDelay === 'number' ? options.keepAliveInitialDelay : 120000;
+    this.connectionTimeout =
+      typeof options.connectionTimeout === 'number' ? options.connectionTimeout : 30000;
+    if (this.keepAliveInitialDelay > this.socketTimeout) {
+      this.keepAliveInitialDelay = Math.round(this.socketTimeout / 2);
+    }
+
+    // Debug information
+    if (this.logger.isDebug()) {
+      this.logger.debug(
+        `creating connection ${this.id} with options [${JSON.stringify(
+          debugOptions(DEBUG_FIELDS, options)
+        )}]`
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Response options
+    this.responseOptions = {
+      promoteLongs: typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? options.promoteLongs : true,
+      promoteValues: typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? options.promoteValues : true,
+      promoteBuffers: typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? options.promoteBuffers : false
+    };
+
+    // Flushing
+    this.flushing = false;
+    this.queue = [];
+
+    // Internal state
+    this.writeStream = null;
+    this.destroyed = false;
+    this.timedOut = false;
+
+    // Create hash method
+    const hash = crypto.createHash('sha1');
+    hash.update(this.address);
+    this.hashedName = hash.digest('hex');
+
+    // All operations in flight on the connection
+    this.workItems = [];
+
+    // setup socket
+    this.socket = socket;
+    this.socket.once('error', errorHandler(this));
+    this.socket.once('timeout', timeoutHandler(this));
+    this.socket.once('close', closeHandler(this));
+    this.socket.on('data', dataHandler(this));
+
+    if (connectionAccounting) {
+      addConnection(this.id, this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  setSocketTimeout(value) {
+    if (this.socket) {
+      this.socket.setTimeout(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  resetSocketTimeout() {
+    if (this.socket) {
+      this.socket.setTimeout(this.socketTimeout);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static enableConnectionAccounting(spy) {
+    if (spy) {
+      connectionAccountingSpy = spy;
+    }
+
+    connectionAccounting = true;
+    connections = {};
+  }
+
+  static disableConnectionAccounting() {
+    connectionAccounting = false;
+    connectionAccountingSpy = undefined;
+  }
+
+  static connections() {
+    return connections;
+  }
+
+  get address() {
+    return `${this.host}:${this.port}`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unref this connection
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  unref() {
+    if (this.socket == null) {
+      this.once('connect', () => this.socket.unref());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.socket.unref();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flush all work Items on this connection
+   *
+   * @param {*} err The error to propagate to the flushed work items
+   */
+  flush(err) {
+    while (this.workItems.length > 0) {
+      const workItem = this.workItems.shift();
+      if (workItem.cb) {
+        workItem.cb(err);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Destroy connection
+   * @method
+   */
+  destroy(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = {};
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign({ force: false }, options);
+
+    if (connectionAccounting) {
+      deleteConnection(this.id);
+    }
+
+    if (this.socket == null) {
+      this.destroyed = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (options.force || this.timedOut) {
+      this.socket.destroy();
+      this.destroyed = true;
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.socket.end(err => {
+      this.destroyed = true;
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(err, null);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write to connection
+   * @method
+   * @param {Command} command Command to write out need to implement toBin and toBinUnified
+   */
+  write(buffer) {
+    // Debug Log
+    if (this.logger.isDebug()) {
+      if (!Array.isArray(buffer)) {
+        this.logger.debug(`writing buffer [${buffer.toString('hex')}] to ${this.address}`);
+      } else {
+        for (let i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++)
+          this.logger.debug(`writing buffer [${buffer[i].toString('hex')}] to ${this.address}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Double check that the connection is not destroyed
+    if (this.socket.destroyed === false) {
+      // Write out the command
+      if (!Array.isArray(buffer)) {
+        this.socket.write(buffer, 'binary');
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // Iterate over all buffers and write them in order to the socket
+      for (let i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
+        this.socket.write(buffer[i], 'binary');
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Connection is destroyed return write failed
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return id of connection as a string
+   * @method
+   * @return {string}
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return '' + this.id;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return json object of connection
+   * @method
+   * @return {object}
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    return { id: this.id, host: this.host, port: this.port };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Is the connection connected
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  isConnected() {
+    if (this.destroyed) return false;
+    return !this.socket.destroyed && this.socket.writable;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  command(ns, command, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+
+    const conn = this;
+    const socketTimeout = typeof options.socketTimeout === 'number' ? options.socketTimeout : 0;
+    const bson = conn.options.bson;
+    const query = new Query(bson, ns, command, {
+      numberToSkip: 0,
+      numberToReturn: 1
+    });
+
+    const noop = () => {};
+    function _callback(err, result) {
+      callback(err, result);
+      callback = noop;
+    }
+
+    function errorHandler(err) {
+      conn.resetSocketTimeout();
+      CONNECTION_ERROR_EVENTS.forEach(eventName => conn.removeListener(eventName, errorHandler));
+      conn.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
+
+      if (err == null) {
+        err = new MongoError(`runCommand failed for connection to '${conn.address}'`);
+      }
+
+      // ignore all future errors
+      conn.on('error', noop);
+      _callback(err);
+    }
+
+    function messageHandler(msg) {
+      if (msg.responseTo !== query.requestId) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      conn.resetSocketTimeout();
+      CONNECTION_ERROR_EVENTS.forEach(eventName => conn.removeListener(eventName, errorHandler));
+      conn.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
+
+      msg.parse({ promoteValues: true });
+
+      const response = msg.documents[0];
+      if (response.ok === 0 || response.$err || response.errmsg || response.code) {
+        _callback(new MongoError(response));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      _callback(undefined, new CommandResult(response, this, msg));
+    }
+
+    conn.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);
+    CONNECTION_ERROR_EVENTS.forEach(eventName => conn.once(eventName, errorHandler));
+    conn.on('message', messageHandler);
+    conn.write(query.toBin());
+  }
+}
+
+const CONNECTION_ERROR_EVENTS = ['error', 'close', 'timeout', 'parseError'];
+
+function deleteConnection(id) {
+  // console.log("=== deleted connection " + id + " :: " + (connections[id] ? connections[id].port : ''))
+  delete connections[id];
+
+  if (connectionAccountingSpy) {
+    connectionAccountingSpy.deleteConnection(id);
+  }
+}
+
+function addConnection(id, connection) {
+  // console.log("=== added connection " + id + " :: " + connection.port)
+  connections[id] = connection;
+
+  if (connectionAccountingSpy) {
+    connectionAccountingSpy.addConnection(id, connection);
+  }
+}
+
+//
+// Connection handlers
+function errorHandler(conn) {
+  return function(err) {
+    if (connectionAccounting) deleteConnection(conn.id);
+    // Debug information
+    if (conn.logger.isDebug()) {
+      conn.logger.debug(
+        `connection ${conn.id} for [${conn.address}] errored out with [${JSON.stringify(err)}]`
+      );
+    }
+
+    conn.emit('error', new MongoNetworkError(err), conn);
+  };
+}
+
+function timeoutHandler(conn) {
+  return function() {
+    if (connectionAccounting) deleteConnection(conn.id);
+
+    if (conn.logger.isDebug()) {
+      conn.logger.debug(`connection ${conn.id} for [${conn.address}] timed out`);
+    }
+
+    conn.timedOut = true;
+    conn.emit(
+      'timeout',
+      new MongoNetworkTimeoutError(`connection ${conn.id} to ${conn.address} timed out`, {
+        beforeHandshake: conn.ismaster == null
+      }),
+      conn
+    );
+  };
+}
+
+function closeHandler(conn) {
+  return function(hadError) {
+    if (connectionAccounting) deleteConnection(conn.id);
+
+    if (conn.logger.isDebug()) {
+      conn.logger.debug(`connection ${conn.id} with for [${conn.address}] closed`);
+    }
+
+    if (!hadError) {
+      conn.emit(
+        'close',
+        new MongoNetworkError(`connection ${conn.id} to ${conn.address} closed`),
+        conn
+      );
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+// Handle a message once it is received
+function processMessage(conn, message) {
+  const msgHeader = parseHeader(message);
+  if (msgHeader.opCode !== OP_COMPRESSED) {
+    const ResponseConstructor = msgHeader.opCode === OP_MSG ? BinMsg : Response;
+    conn.emit(
+      'message',
+      new ResponseConstructor(
+        conn.bson,
+        message,
+        msgHeader,
+        message.slice(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE),
+        conn.responseOptions
+      ),
+      conn
+    );
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  msgHeader.fromCompressed = true;
+  let index = MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
+  msgHeader.opCode = message.readInt32LE(index);
+  index += 4;
+  msgHeader.length = message.readInt32LE(index);
+  index += 4;
+  const compressorID = message[index];
+  index++;
+
+  decompress(compressorID, message.slice(index), (err, decompressedMsgBody) => {
+    if (err) {
+      conn.emit('error', err);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (decompressedMsgBody.length !== msgHeader.length) {
+      conn.emit(
+        'error',
+        new MongoError(
+          'Decompressing a compressed message from the server failed. The message is corrupt.'
+        )
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const ResponseConstructor = msgHeader.opCode === OP_MSG ? BinMsg : Response;
+    conn.emit(
+      'message',
+      new ResponseConstructor(
+        conn.bson,
+        message,
+        msgHeader,
+        decompressedMsgBody,
+        conn.responseOptions
+      ),
+      conn
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+function dataHandler(conn) {
+  return function(data) {
+    // Parse until we are done with the data
+    while (data.length > 0) {
+      // If we still have bytes to read on the current message
+      if (conn.bytesRead > 0 && conn.sizeOfMessage > 0) {
+        // Calculate the amount of remaining bytes
+        const remainingBytesToRead = conn.sizeOfMessage - conn.bytesRead;
+        // Check if the current chunk contains the rest of the message
+        if (remainingBytesToRead > data.length) {
+          // Copy the new data into the exiting buffer (should have been allocated when we know the message size)
+          data.copy(conn.buffer, conn.bytesRead);
+          // Adjust the number of bytes read so it point to the correct index in the buffer
+          conn.bytesRead = conn.bytesRead + data.length;
+
+          // Reset state of buffer
+          data = Buffer.alloc(0);
+        } else {
+          // Copy the missing part of the data into our current buffer
+          data.copy(conn.buffer, conn.bytesRead, 0, remainingBytesToRead);
+          // Slice the overflow into a new buffer that we will then re-parse
+          data = data.slice(remainingBytesToRead);
+
+          // Emit current complete message
+          const emitBuffer = conn.buffer;
+          // Reset state of buffer
+          conn.buffer = null;
+          conn.sizeOfMessage = 0;
+          conn.bytesRead = 0;
+          conn.stubBuffer = null;
+
+          processMessage(conn, emitBuffer);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Stub buffer is kept in case we don't get enough bytes to determine the
+        // size of the message (< 4 bytes)
+        if (conn.stubBuffer != null && conn.stubBuffer.length > 0) {
+          // If we have enough bytes to determine the message size let's do it
+          if (conn.stubBuffer.length + data.length > 4) {
+            // Prepad the data
+            const newData = Buffer.alloc(conn.stubBuffer.length + data.length);
+            conn.stubBuffer.copy(newData, 0);
+            data.copy(newData, conn.stubBuffer.length);
+            // Reassign for parsing
+            data = newData;
+
+            // Reset state of buffer
+            conn.buffer = null;
+            conn.sizeOfMessage = 0;
+            conn.bytesRead = 0;
+            conn.stubBuffer = null;
+          } else {
+            // Add the the bytes to the stub buffer
+            const newStubBuffer = Buffer.alloc(conn.stubBuffer.length + data.length);
+            // Copy existing stub buffer
+            conn.stubBuffer.copy(newStubBuffer, 0);
+            // Copy missing part of the data
+            data.copy(newStubBuffer, conn.stubBuffer.length);
+            // Exit parsing loop
+            data = Buffer.alloc(0);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (data.length > 4) {
+            // Retrieve the message size
+            const sizeOfMessage = data[0] | (data[1] << 8) | (data[2] << 16) | (data[3] << 24);
+            // If we have a negative sizeOfMessage emit error and return
+            if (sizeOfMessage < 0 || sizeOfMessage > conn.maxBsonMessageSize) {
+              const errorObject = {
+                err: 'socketHandler',
+                trace: '',
+                bin: conn.buffer,
+                parseState: {
+                  sizeOfMessage: sizeOfMessage,
+                  bytesRead: conn.bytesRead,
+                  stubBuffer: conn.stubBuffer
+                }
+              };
+              // We got a parse Error fire it off then keep going
+              conn.emit('parseError', errorObject, conn);
+              return;
+            }
+
+            // Ensure that the size of message is larger than 0 and less than the max allowed
+            if (
+              sizeOfMessage > 4 &&
+              sizeOfMessage < conn.maxBsonMessageSize &&
+              sizeOfMessage > data.length
+            ) {
+              conn.buffer = Buffer.alloc(sizeOfMessage);
+              // Copy all the data into the buffer
+              data.copy(conn.buffer, 0);
+              // Update bytes read
+              conn.bytesRead = data.length;
+              // Update sizeOfMessage
+              conn.sizeOfMessage = sizeOfMessage;
+              // Ensure stub buffer is null
+              conn.stubBuffer = null;
+              // Exit parsing loop
+              data = Buffer.alloc(0);
+            } else if (
+              sizeOfMessage > 4 &&
+              sizeOfMessage < conn.maxBsonMessageSize &&
+              sizeOfMessage === data.length
+            ) {
+              const emitBuffer = data;
+              // Reset state of buffer
+              conn.buffer = null;
+              conn.sizeOfMessage = 0;
+              conn.bytesRead = 0;
+              conn.stubBuffer = null;
+              // Exit parsing loop
+              data = Buffer.alloc(0);
+              // Emit the message
+              processMessage(conn, emitBuffer);
+            } else if (sizeOfMessage <= 4 || sizeOfMessage > conn.maxBsonMessageSize) {
+              const errorObject = {
+                err: 'socketHandler',
+                trace: null,
+                bin: data,
+                parseState: {
+                  sizeOfMessage: sizeOfMessage,
+                  bytesRead: 0,
+                  buffer: null,
+                  stubBuffer: null
+                }
+              };
+              // We got a parse Error fire it off then keep going
+              conn.emit('parseError', errorObject, conn);
+
+              // Clear out the state of the parser
+              conn.buffer = null;
+              conn.sizeOfMessage = 0;
+              conn.bytesRead = 0;
+              conn.stubBuffer = null;
+              // Exit parsing loop
+              data = Buffer.alloc(0);
+            } else {
+              const emitBuffer = data.slice(0, sizeOfMessage);
+              // Reset state of buffer
+              conn.buffer = null;
+              conn.sizeOfMessage = 0;
+              conn.bytesRead = 0;
+              conn.stubBuffer = null;
+              // Copy rest of message
+              data = data.slice(sizeOfMessage);
+              // Emit the message
+              processMessage(conn, emitBuffer);
+            }
+          } else {
+            // Create a buffer that contains the space for the non-complete message
+            conn.stubBuffer = Buffer.alloc(data.length);
+            // Copy the data to the stub buffer
+            data.copy(conn.stubBuffer, 0);
+            // Exit parsing loop
+            data = Buffer.alloc(0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A server connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event Connection#connect
+ * @type {Connection}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The server connection closed, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Connection#close
+ * @type {Connection}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The server connection caused an error, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Connection#error
+ * @type {Connection}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The server connection timed out, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Connection#timeout
+ * @type {Connection}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The driver experienced an invalid message, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Connection#parseError
+ * @type {Connection}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted each time the connection receives a parsed message from the wire
+ *
+ * @event Connection#message
+ * @type {Connection}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Connection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/logger.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/logger.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2957a555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/logger.js
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var f = require('util').format,
+  MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+
+// Filters for classes
+var classFilters = {};
+var filteredClasses = {};
+var level = null;
+// Save the process id
+var pid = process.pid;
+// current logger
+var currentLogger = null;
+
+/**
+ * @callback Logger~loggerCallback
+ * @param {string} msg message being logged
+ * @param {object} state an object containing more metadata about the logging message
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Logger instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {string} className The Class name associated with the logging instance
+ * @param {object} [options=null] Optional settings.
+ * @param {Logger~loggerCallback} [options.logger=null] Custom logger function;
+ * @param {string} [options.loggerLevel=error] Override default global log level.
+ */
+var Logger = function(className, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Logger)) return new Logger(className, options);
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Current reference
+  this.className = className;
+
+  // Current logger
+  if (options.logger) {
+    currentLogger = options.logger;
+  } else if (currentLogger == null) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    currentLogger = console.log;
+  }
+
+  // Set level of logging, default is error
+  if (options.loggerLevel) {
+    level = options.loggerLevel || 'error';
+  }
+
+  // Add all class names
+  if (filteredClasses[this.className] == null) classFilters[this.className] = true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Log a message at the debug level
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} message The message to log
+ * @param {object} object additional meta data to log
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Logger.prototype.debug = function(message, object) {
+  if (
+    this.isDebug() &&
+    ((Object.keys(filteredClasses).length > 0 && filteredClasses[this.className]) ||
+      (Object.keys(filteredClasses).length === 0 && classFilters[this.className]))
+  ) {
+    var dateTime = new Date().getTime();
+    var msg = f('[%s-%s:%s] %s %s', 'DEBUG', this.className, pid, dateTime, message);
+    var state = {
+      type: 'debug',
+      message: message,
+      className: this.className,
+      pid: pid,
+      date: dateTime
+    };
+    if (object) state.meta = object;
+    currentLogger(msg, state);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Log a message at the warn level
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} message The message to log
+ * @param {object} object additional meta data to log
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+(Logger.prototype.warn = function(message, object) {
+  if (
+    this.isWarn() &&
+    ((Object.keys(filteredClasses).length > 0 && filteredClasses[this.className]) ||
+      (Object.keys(filteredClasses).length === 0 && classFilters[this.className]))
+  ) {
+    var dateTime = new Date().getTime();
+    var msg = f('[%s-%s:%s] %s %s', 'WARN', this.className, pid, dateTime, message);
+    var state = {
+      type: 'warn',
+      message: message,
+      className: this.className,
+      pid: pid,
+      date: dateTime
+    };
+    if (object) state.meta = object;
+    currentLogger(msg, state);
+  }
+}),
+  /**
+   * Log a message at the info level
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} message The message to log
+   * @param {object} object additional meta data to log
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  (Logger.prototype.info = function(message, object) {
+    if (
+      this.isInfo() &&
+      ((Object.keys(filteredClasses).length > 0 && filteredClasses[this.className]) ||
+        (Object.keys(filteredClasses).length === 0 && classFilters[this.className]))
+    ) {
+      var dateTime = new Date().getTime();
+      var msg = f('[%s-%s:%s] %s %s', 'INFO', this.className, pid, dateTime, message);
+      var state = {
+        type: 'info',
+        message: message,
+        className: this.className,
+        pid: pid,
+        date: dateTime
+      };
+      if (object) state.meta = object;
+      currentLogger(msg, state);
+    }
+  }),
+  /**
+   * Log a message at the error level
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} message The message to log
+   * @param {object} object additional meta data to log
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  (Logger.prototype.error = function(message, object) {
+    if (
+      this.isError() &&
+      ((Object.keys(filteredClasses).length > 0 && filteredClasses[this.className]) ||
+        (Object.keys(filteredClasses).length === 0 && classFilters[this.className]))
+    ) {
+      var dateTime = new Date().getTime();
+      var msg = f('[%s-%s:%s] %s %s', 'ERROR', this.className, pid, dateTime, message);
+      var state = {
+        type: 'error',
+        message: message,
+        className: this.className,
+        pid: pid,
+        date: dateTime
+      };
+      if (object) state.meta = object;
+      currentLogger(msg, state);
+    }
+  }),
+  /**
+   * Is the logger set at info level
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  (Logger.prototype.isInfo = function() {
+    return level === 'info' || level === 'debug';
+  }),
+  /**
+   * Is the logger set at error level
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  (Logger.prototype.isError = function() {
+    return level === 'error' || level === 'info' || level === 'debug';
+  }),
+  /**
+   * Is the logger set at error level
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  (Logger.prototype.isWarn = function() {
+    return level === 'error' || level === 'warn' || level === 'info' || level === 'debug';
+  }),
+  /**
+   * Is the logger set at debug level
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  (Logger.prototype.isDebug = function() {
+    return level === 'debug';
+  });
+
+/**
+ * Resets the logger to default settings, error and no filtered classes
+ * @method
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Logger.reset = function() {
+  level = 'error';
+  filteredClasses = {};
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the current logger function
+ * @method
+ * @return {Logger~loggerCallback}
+ */
+Logger.currentLogger = function() {
+  return currentLogger;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the current logger function
+ * @method
+ * @param {Logger~loggerCallback} logger Logger function.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Logger.setCurrentLogger = function(logger) {
+  if (typeof logger !== 'function') throw new MongoError('current logger must be a function');
+  currentLogger = logger;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set what classes to log.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} type The type of filter (currently only class)
+ * @param {string[]} values The filters to apply
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Logger.filter = function(type, values) {
+  if (type === 'class' && Array.isArray(values)) {
+    filteredClasses = {};
+
+    values.forEach(function(x) {
+      filteredClasses[x] = true;
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the current log level
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} level Set current log level (debug, info, error)
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+Logger.setLevel = function(_level) {
+  if (_level !== 'info' && _level !== 'error' && _level !== 'debug' && _level !== 'warn') {
+    throw new Error(f('%s is an illegal logging level', _level));
+  }
+
+  level = _level;
+};
+
+module.exports = Logger;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/msg.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/msg.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e241c096a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/msg.js
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Implementation of OP_MSG spec:
+// https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/message/OP_MSG.rst
+//
+// struct Section {
+//   uint8 payloadType;
+//   union payload {
+//       document  document; // payloadType == 0
+//       struct sequence { // payloadType == 1
+//           int32      size;
+//           cstring    identifier;
+//           document*  documents;
+//       };
+//   };
+// };
+
+// struct OP_MSG {
+//   struct MsgHeader {
+//       int32  messageLength;
+//       int32  requestID;
+//       int32  responseTo;
+//       int32  opCode = 2013;
+//   };
+//   uint32      flagBits;
+//   Section+    sections;
+//   [uint32     checksum;]
+// };
+
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+const opcodes = require('../wireprotocol/shared').opcodes;
+const databaseNamespace = require('../wireprotocol/shared').databaseNamespace;
+const ReadPreference = require('../topologies/read_preference');
+const MongoError = require('../../core/error').MongoError;
+
+// Incrementing request id
+let _requestId = 0;
+
+// Msg Flags
+const OPTS_CHECKSUM_PRESENT = 1;
+const OPTS_MORE_TO_COME = 2;
+const OPTS_EXHAUST_ALLOWED = 1 << 16;
+
+class Msg {
+  constructor(bson, ns, command, options) {
+    // Basic options needed to be passed in
+    if (command == null) throw new Error('query must be specified for query');
+
+    // Basic options
+    this.bson = bson;
+    this.ns = ns;
+    this.command = command;
+    this.command.$db = databaseNamespace(ns);
+
+    if (options.readPreference && options.readPreference.mode !== ReadPreference.PRIMARY) {
+      this.command.$readPreference = options.readPreference.toJSON();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure empty options
+    this.options = options || {};
+
+    // Additional options
+    this.requestId = options.requestId ? options.requestId : Msg.getRequestId();
+
+    // Serialization option
+    this.serializeFunctions =
+      typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+    this.ignoreUndefined =
+      typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : false;
+    this.checkKeys = typeof options.checkKeys === 'boolean' ? options.checkKeys : false;
+    this.maxBsonSize = options.maxBsonSize || 1024 * 1024 * 16;
+
+    // flags
+    this.checksumPresent = false;
+    this.moreToCome = options.moreToCome || false;
+    this.exhaustAllowed =
+      typeof options.exhaustAllowed === 'boolean' ? options.exhaustAllowed : false;
+  }
+
+  toBin() {
+    const buffers = [];
+    let flags = 0;
+
+    if (this.checksumPresent) {
+      flags |= OPTS_CHECKSUM_PRESENT;
+    }
+
+    if (this.moreToCome) {
+      flags |= OPTS_MORE_TO_COME;
+    }
+
+    if (this.exhaustAllowed) {
+      flags |= OPTS_EXHAUST_ALLOWED;
+    }
+
+    const header = Buffer.alloc(
+      4 * 4 + // Header
+        4 // Flags
+    );
+
+    buffers.push(header);
+
+    let totalLength = header.length;
+    const command = this.command;
+    totalLength += this.makeDocumentSegment(buffers, command);
+
+    header.writeInt32LE(totalLength, 0); // messageLength
+    header.writeInt32LE(this.requestId, 4); // requestID
+    header.writeInt32LE(0, 8); // responseTo
+    header.writeInt32LE(opcodes.OP_MSG, 12); // opCode
+    header.writeUInt32LE(flags, 16); // flags
+    return buffers;
+  }
+
+  makeDocumentSegment(buffers, document) {
+    const payloadTypeBuffer = Buffer.alloc(1);
+    payloadTypeBuffer[0] = 0;
+
+    const documentBuffer = this.serializeBson(document);
+    buffers.push(payloadTypeBuffer);
+    buffers.push(documentBuffer);
+
+    return payloadTypeBuffer.length + documentBuffer.length;
+  }
+
+  serializeBson(document) {
+    return this.bson.serialize(document, {
+      checkKeys: this.checkKeys,
+      serializeFunctions: this.serializeFunctions,
+      ignoreUndefined: this.ignoreUndefined
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+Msg.getRequestId = function() {
+  _requestId = (_requestId + 1) & 0x7fffffff;
+  return _requestId;
+};
+
+class BinMsg {
+  constructor(bson, message, msgHeader, msgBody, opts) {
+    opts = opts || { promoteLongs: true, promoteValues: true, promoteBuffers: false };
+    this.parsed = false;
+    this.raw = message;
+    this.data = msgBody;
+    this.bson = bson;
+    this.opts = opts;
+
+    // Read the message header
+    this.length = msgHeader.length;
+    this.requestId = msgHeader.requestId;
+    this.responseTo = msgHeader.responseTo;
+    this.opCode = msgHeader.opCode;
+    this.fromCompressed = msgHeader.fromCompressed;
+
+    // Read response flags
+    this.responseFlags = msgBody.readInt32LE(0);
+    this.checksumPresent = (this.responseFlags & OPTS_CHECKSUM_PRESENT) !== 0;
+    this.moreToCome = (this.responseFlags & OPTS_MORE_TO_COME) !== 0;
+    this.exhaustAllowed = (this.responseFlags & OPTS_EXHAUST_ALLOWED) !== 0;
+    this.promoteLongs = typeof opts.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? opts.promoteLongs : true;
+    this.promoteValues = typeof opts.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? opts.promoteValues : true;
+    this.promoteBuffers = typeof opts.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? opts.promoteBuffers : false;
+
+    this.documents = [];
+  }
+
+  isParsed() {
+    return this.parsed;
+  }
+
+  parse(options) {
+    // Don't parse again if not needed
+    if (this.parsed) return;
+    options = options || {};
+
+    this.index = 4;
+    // Allow the return of raw documents instead of parsing
+    const raw = options.raw || false;
+    const documentsReturnedIn = options.documentsReturnedIn || null;
+    const promoteLongs =
+      typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? options.promoteLongs : this.opts.promoteLongs;
+    const promoteValues =
+      typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? options.promoteValues : this.opts.promoteValues;
+    const promoteBuffers =
+      typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean'
+        ? options.promoteBuffers
+        : this.opts.promoteBuffers;
+
+    // Set up the options
+    const _options = {
+      promoteLongs: promoteLongs,
+      promoteValues: promoteValues,
+      promoteBuffers: promoteBuffers
+    };
+
+    while (this.index < this.data.length) {
+      const payloadType = this.data.readUInt8(this.index++);
+      if (payloadType === 1) {
+        // It was decided that no driver makes use of payload type 1
+        throw new MongoError('OP_MSG Payload Type 1 detected unsupported protocol');
+      } else if (payloadType === 0) {
+        const bsonSize = this.data.readUInt32LE(this.index);
+        const bin = this.data.slice(this.index, this.index + bsonSize);
+        this.documents.push(raw ? bin : this.bson.deserialize(bin, _options));
+
+        this.index += bsonSize;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.documents.length === 1 && documentsReturnedIn != null && raw) {
+      const fieldsAsRaw = {};
+      fieldsAsRaw[documentsReturnedIn] = true;
+      _options.fieldsAsRaw = fieldsAsRaw;
+
+      const doc = this.bson.deserialize(this.documents[0], _options);
+      this.documents = [doc];
+    }
+
+    this.parsed = true;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { Msg, BinMsg };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/pool.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/pool.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0061ee91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/pool.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const inherits = require('util').inherits;
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const MongoTimeoutError = require('../error').MongoTimeoutError;
+const MongoWriteConcernError = require('../error').MongoWriteConcernError;
+const Logger = require('./logger');
+const f = require('util').format;
+const Msg = require('./msg').Msg;
+const CommandResult = require('./command_result');
+const MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE = require('../wireprotocol/shared').MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
+const COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE = require('../wireprotocol/shared').COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE;
+const opcodes = require('../wireprotocol/shared').opcodes;
+const compress = require('../wireprotocol/compression').compress;
+const compressorIDs = require('../wireprotocol/compression').compressorIDs;
+const uncompressibleCommands = require('../wireprotocol/compression').uncompressibleCommands;
+const apm = require('./apm');
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+const connect = require('./connect');
+const updateSessionFromResponse = require('../sessions').updateSessionFromResponse;
+const eachAsync = require('../utils').eachAsync;
+const makeStateMachine = require('../utils').makeStateMachine;
+const now = require('../../utils').now;
+
+const DISCONNECTED = 'disconnected';
+const CONNECTING = 'connecting';
+const CONNECTED = 'connected';
+const DRAINING = 'draining';
+const DESTROYING = 'destroying';
+const DESTROYED = 'destroyed';
+const stateTransition = makeStateMachine({
+  [DISCONNECTED]: [CONNECTING, DRAINING, DISCONNECTED],
+  [CONNECTING]: [CONNECTING, CONNECTED, DRAINING, DISCONNECTED],
+  [CONNECTED]: [CONNECTED, DISCONNECTED, DRAINING],
+  [DRAINING]: [DRAINING, DESTROYING, DESTROYED],
+  [DESTROYING]: [DESTROYING, DESTROYED],
+  [DESTROYED]: [DESTROYED]
+});
+
+const CONNECTION_EVENTS = new Set([
+  'error',
+  'close',
+  'timeout',
+  'parseError',
+  'connect',
+  'message'
+]);
+
+var _id = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Pool instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {string} options.host The server host
+ * @param {number} options.port The server port
+ * @param {number} [options.size=5] Max server connection pool size
+ * @param {number} [options.minSize=0] Minimum server connection pool size
+ * @param {boolean} [options.reconnect=true] Server will attempt to reconnect on loss of connection
+ * @param {number} [options.reconnectTries=30] Server attempt to reconnect #times
+ * @param {number} [options.reconnectInterval=1000] Server will wait # milliseconds between retries
+ * @param {boolean} [options.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] Initial delay before TCP keep alive enabled
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noDelay=true] TCP Connection no delay
+ * @param {number} [options.connectionTimeout=30000] TCP Connection timeout setting
+ * @param {number} [options.socketTimeout=0] TCP Socket timeout setting
+ * @param {number} [options.monitoringSocketTimeout=0] TCP Socket timeout setting for replicaset monitoring socket
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use SSL for connection
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.ca] SSL Certificate store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.crl] SSL Certificate revocation store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.cert] SSL Certificate binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.key] SSL Key file binary buffer
+ * @param {string} [options.passphrase] SSL Certificate pass phrase
+ * @param {boolean} [options.rejectUnauthorized=false] Reject unauthorized server certificates
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Convert Long values from the db into Numbers if they fit into 53 bits
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @fires Pool#connect
+ * @fires Pool#close
+ * @fires Pool#error
+ * @fires Pool#timeout
+ * @fires Pool#parseError
+ * @return {Pool} A cursor instance
+ */
+var Pool = function(topology, options) {
+  // Add event listener
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  // Store topology for later use
+  this.topology = topology;
+
+  this.s = {
+    state: DISCONNECTED,
+    cancellationToken: new EventEmitter()
+  };
+
+  // we don't care how many connections are listening for cancellation
+  this.s.cancellationToken.setMaxListeners(Infinity);
+
+  // Add the options
+  this.options = Object.assign(
+    {
+      // Host and port settings
+      host: 'localhost',
+      port: 27017,
+      // Pool default max size
+      size: 5,
+      // Pool default min size
+      minSize: 0,
+      // socket settings
+      connectionTimeout: 30000,
+      socketTimeout: 0,
+      keepAlive: true,
+      keepAliveInitialDelay: 120000,
+      noDelay: true,
+      // SSL Settings
+      ssl: false,
+      checkServerIdentity: true,
+      ca: null,
+      crl: null,
+      cert: null,
+      key: null,
+      passphrase: null,
+      rejectUnauthorized: false,
+      promoteLongs: true,
+      promoteValues: true,
+      promoteBuffers: false,
+      // Reconnection options
+      reconnect: true,
+      reconnectInterval: 1000,
+      reconnectTries: 30,
+      // Enable domains
+      domainsEnabled: false,
+      // feature flag for determining if we are running with the unified topology or not
+      legacyCompatMode: true
+    },
+    options
+  );
+
+  // Identification information
+  this.id = _id++;
+  // Current reconnect retries
+  this.retriesLeft = this.options.reconnectTries;
+  this.reconnectId = null;
+  this.reconnectError = null;
+  // No bson parser passed in
+  if (
+    !options.bson ||
+    (options.bson &&
+      (typeof options.bson.serialize !== 'function' ||
+        typeof options.bson.deserialize !== 'function'))
+  ) {
+    throw new Error('must pass in valid bson parser');
+  }
+
+  // Logger instance
+  this.logger = Logger('Pool', options);
+  // Connections
+  this.availableConnections = [];
+  this.inUseConnections = [];
+  this.connectingConnections = 0;
+  // Currently executing
+  this.executing = false;
+  // Operation work queue
+  this.queue = [];
+
+  // Number of consecutive timeouts caught
+  this.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts = 0;
+  // Current pool Index
+  this.connectionIndex = 0;
+
+  // event handlers
+  const pool = this;
+  this._messageHandler = messageHandler(this);
+  this._connectionCloseHandler = function(err) {
+    const connection = this;
+    connectionFailureHandler(pool, 'close', err, connection);
+  };
+
+  this._connectionErrorHandler = function(err) {
+    const connection = this;
+    connectionFailureHandler(pool, 'error', err, connection);
+  };
+
+  this._connectionTimeoutHandler = function(err) {
+    const connection = this;
+    connectionFailureHandler(pool, 'timeout', err, connection);
+  };
+
+  this._connectionParseErrorHandler = function(err) {
+    const connection = this;
+    connectionFailureHandler(pool, 'parseError', err, connection);
+  };
+};
+
+inherits(Pool, EventEmitter);
+
+Object.defineProperty(Pool.prototype, 'size', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.options.size;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Pool.prototype, 'minSize', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.options.minSize;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Pool.prototype, 'connectionTimeout', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.options.connectionTimeout;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Pool.prototype, 'socketTimeout', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.options.socketTimeout;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Pool.prototype, 'state', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.state;
+  }
+});
+
+// clears all pool state
+function resetPoolState(pool) {
+  pool.inUseConnections = [];
+  pool.availableConnections = [];
+  pool.connectingConnections = 0;
+  pool.executing = false;
+  pool.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts = 0;
+  pool.connectionIndex = 0;
+  pool.retriesLeft = pool.options.reconnectTries;
+  pool.reconnectId = null;
+}
+
+function connectionFailureHandler(pool, event, err, conn) {
+  if (conn) {
+    if (conn._connectionFailHandled) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    conn._connectionFailHandled = true;
+    conn.destroy();
+
+    // Remove the connection
+    removeConnection(pool, conn);
+
+    // flush remaining work items
+    conn.flush(err);
+  }
+
+  // Did we catch a timeout, increment the numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts
+  if (event === 'timeout') {
+    pool.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts = pool.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts + 1;
+
+    // Have we timed out more than reconnectTries in a row ?
+    // Force close the pool as we are trying to connect to tcp sink hole
+    if (pool.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts > pool.options.reconnectTries) {
+      pool.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts = 0;
+      // Destroy all connections and pool
+      pool.destroy(true);
+      // Emit close event
+      return pool.emit('close', pool);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // No more socket available propegate the event
+  if (pool.socketCount() === 0) {
+    if (pool.state !== DESTROYED && pool.state !== DESTROYING && pool.state !== DRAINING) {
+      if (pool.options.reconnect) {
+        stateTransition(pool, DISCONNECTED);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Do not emit error events, they are always close events
+    // do not trigger the low level error handler in node
+    event = event === 'error' ? 'close' : event;
+    pool.emit(event, err);
+  }
+
+  // Start reconnection attempts
+  if (!pool.reconnectId && pool.options.reconnect) {
+    pool.reconnectError = err;
+    pool.reconnectId = setTimeout(attemptReconnect(pool), pool.options.reconnectInterval);
+  }
+
+  // Do we need to do anything to maintain the minimum pool size
+  const totalConnections = totalConnectionCount(pool);
+  if (totalConnections < pool.minSize) {
+    createConnection(pool);
+  }
+}
+
+function attemptReconnect(pool, callback) {
+  return function() {
+    pool.emit('attemptReconnect', pool);
+
+    if (pool.state === DESTROYED || pool.state === DESTROYING) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(new MongoError('Cannot create connection when pool is destroyed'));
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    pool.retriesLeft = pool.retriesLeft - 1;
+    if (pool.retriesLeft <= 0) {
+      pool.destroy();
+
+      const error = new MongoTimeoutError(
+        `failed to reconnect after ${pool.options.reconnectTries} attempts with interval ${pool.options.reconnectInterval} ms`,
+        pool.reconnectError
+      );
+
+      pool.emit('reconnectFailed', error);
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(error);
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // clear the reconnect id on retry
+    pool.reconnectId = null;
+
+    // now retry creating a connection
+    createConnection(pool, (err, conn) => {
+      if (err == null) {
+        pool.reconnectId = null;
+        pool.retriesLeft = pool.options.reconnectTries;
+        pool.emit('reconnect', pool);
+      }
+
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(err, conn);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+function moveConnectionBetween(connection, from, to) {
+  var index = from.indexOf(connection);
+  // Move the connection from connecting to available
+  if (index !== -1) {
+    from.splice(index, 1);
+    to.push(connection);
+  }
+}
+
+function messageHandler(self) {
+  return function(message, connection) {
+    // workItem to execute
+    var workItem = null;
+
+    // Locate the workItem
+    for (var i = 0; i < connection.workItems.length; i++) {
+      if (connection.workItems[i].requestId === message.responseTo) {
+        // Get the callback
+        workItem = connection.workItems[i];
+        // Remove from list of workItems
+        connection.workItems.splice(i, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (workItem && workItem.monitoring) {
+      moveConnectionBetween(connection, self.inUseConnections, self.availableConnections);
+    }
+
+    // Reset timeout counter
+    self.numberOfConsecutiveTimeouts = 0;
+
+    // Reset the connection timeout if we modified it for
+    // this operation
+    if (workItem && workItem.socketTimeout) {
+      connection.resetSocketTimeout();
+    }
+
+    // Log if debug enabled
+    if (self.logger.isDebug()) {
+      self.logger.debug(
+        f(
+          'message [%s] received from %s:%s',
+          message.raw.toString('hex'),
+          self.options.host,
+          self.options.port
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
+    function handleOperationCallback(self, cb, err, result) {
+      // No domain enabled
+      if (!self.options.domainsEnabled) {
+        return process.nextTick(function() {
+          return cb(err, result);
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Domain enabled just call the callback
+      cb(err, result);
+    }
+
+    // Keep executing, ensure current message handler does not stop execution
+    if (!self.executing) {
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        _execute(self)();
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Time to dispatch the message if we have a callback
+    if (workItem && !workItem.immediateRelease) {
+      try {
+        // Parse the message according to the provided options
+        message.parse(workItem);
+      } catch (err) {
+        return handleOperationCallback(self, workItem.cb, new MongoError(err));
+      }
+
+      if (message.documents[0]) {
+        const document = message.documents[0];
+        const session = workItem.session;
+        if (session) {
+          updateSessionFromResponse(session, document);
+        }
+
+        if (self.topology && document.$clusterTime) {
+          self.topology.clusterTime = document.$clusterTime;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Establish if we have an error
+      if (workItem.command && message.documents[0]) {
+        const responseDoc = message.documents[0];
+
+        if (responseDoc.writeConcernError) {
+          const err = new MongoWriteConcernError(responseDoc.writeConcernError, responseDoc);
+          return handleOperationCallback(self, workItem.cb, err);
+        }
+
+        if (responseDoc.ok === 0 || responseDoc.$err || responseDoc.errmsg || responseDoc.code) {
+          return handleOperationCallback(self, workItem.cb, new MongoError(responseDoc));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add the connection details
+      message.hashedName = connection.hashedName;
+
+      // Return the documents
+      handleOperationCallback(
+        self,
+        workItem.cb,
+        null,
+        new CommandResult(workItem.fullResult ? message : message.documents[0], connection, message)
+      );
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the total socket count in the pool.
+ * @method
+ * @return {Number} The number of socket available.
+ */
+Pool.prototype.socketCount = function() {
+  return this.availableConnections.length + this.inUseConnections.length;
+  // + this.connectingConnections.length;
+};
+
+function totalConnectionCount(pool) {
+  return (
+    pool.availableConnections.length + pool.inUseConnections.length + pool.connectingConnections
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return all pool connections
+ * @method
+ * @return {Connection[]} The pool connections
+ */
+Pool.prototype.allConnections = function() {
+  return this.availableConnections.concat(this.inUseConnections);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get a pool connection (round-robin)
+ * @method
+ * @return {Connection}
+ */
+Pool.prototype.get = function() {
+  return this.allConnections()[0];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Is the pool connected
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Pool.prototype.isConnected = function() {
+  // We are in a destroyed state
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED || this.state === DESTROYING) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Get connections
+  var connections = this.availableConnections.concat(this.inUseConnections);
+
+  // Check if we have any connected connections
+  for (var i = 0; i < connections.length; i++) {
+    if (connections[i].isConnected()) return true;
+  }
+
+  // Not connected
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Was the pool destroyed
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Pool.prototype.isDestroyed = function() {
+  return this.state === DESTROYED || this.state === DESTROYING;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Is the pool in a disconnected state
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Pool.prototype.isDisconnected = function() {
+  return this.state === DISCONNECTED;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Connect pool
+ */
+Pool.prototype.connect = function(callback) {
+  if (this.state !== DISCONNECTED) {
+    throw new MongoError('connection in unlawful state ' + this.state);
+  }
+
+  stateTransition(this, CONNECTING);
+  createConnection(this, (err, conn) => {
+    if (err) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        this.destroy();
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (this.state === CONNECTING) {
+        this.emit('error', err);
+      }
+
+      this.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, CONNECTED);
+
+    // create min connections
+    if (this.minSize) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < this.minSize; i++) {
+        createConnection(this);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(null, conn);
+    } else {
+      this.emit('connect', this, conn);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Authenticate using a specified mechanism
+ * @param {authResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Pool.prototype.auth = function(credentials, callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Logout all users against a database
+ * @param {authResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Pool.prototype.logout = function(dbName, callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unref the pool
+ * @method
+ */
+Pool.prototype.unref = function() {
+  // Get all the known connections
+  var connections = this.availableConnections.concat(this.inUseConnections);
+
+  connections.forEach(function(c) {
+    c.unref();
+  });
+};
+
+// Destroy the connections
+function destroy(self, connections, options, callback) {
+  stateTransition(self, DESTROYING);
+
+  // indicate that in-flight connections should cancel
+  self.s.cancellationToken.emit('cancel');
+
+  eachAsync(
+    connections,
+    (conn, cb) => {
+      for (const eventName of CONNECTION_EVENTS) {
+        conn.removeAllListeners(eventName);
+      }
+
+      // ignore any errors during destruction
+      conn.on('error', () => {});
+
+      conn.destroy(options, cb);
+    },
+    err => {
+      if (err) {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      resetPoolState(self);
+      self.queue = [];
+
+      stateTransition(self, DESTROYED);
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+    }
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroy pool
+ * @method
+ */
+Pool.prototype.destroy = function(force, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (typeof force === 'function') {
+    callback = force;
+    force = false;
+  }
+
+  // Do not try again if the pool is already dead
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set state to draining
+  stateTransition(this, DRAINING);
+
+  // Are we force closing
+  if (force) {
+    // Get all the known connections
+    var connections = self.availableConnections.concat(self.inUseConnections);
+
+    // Flush any remaining work items with
+    // an error
+    while (self.queue.length > 0) {
+      var workItem = self.queue.shift();
+      if (typeof workItem.cb === 'function') {
+        workItem.cb(new MongoError('Pool was force destroyed'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Destroy the topology
+    return destroy(self, connections, { force: true }, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Clear out the reconnect if set
+  if (this.reconnectId) {
+    clearTimeout(this.reconnectId);
+  }
+
+  // Wait for the operations to drain before we close the pool
+  function checkStatus() {
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback();
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    flushMonitoringOperations(self.queue);
+
+    if (self.queue.length === 0) {
+      // Get all the known connections
+      var connections = self.availableConnections.concat(self.inUseConnections);
+
+      // Check if we have any in flight operations
+      for (var i = 0; i < connections.length; i++) {
+        // There is an operation still in flight, reschedule a
+        // check waiting for it to drain
+        if (connections[i].workItems.length > 0) {
+          return setTimeout(checkStatus, 1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      destroy(self, connections, { force: false }, callback);
+    } else {
+      // Ensure we empty the queue
+      _execute(self)();
+      // Set timeout
+      setTimeout(checkStatus, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Initiate drain of operations
+  checkStatus();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reset all connections of this pool
+ *
+ * @param {function} [callback]
+ */
+Pool.prototype.reset = function(callback) {
+  if (this.s.state !== CONNECTED) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(new MongoError('pool is not connected, reset aborted'));
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // signal in-flight connections should be cancelled
+  this.s.cancellationToken.emit('cancel');
+
+  // destroy existing connections
+  const connections = this.availableConnections.concat(this.inUseConnections);
+  eachAsync(
+    connections,
+    (conn, cb) => {
+      for (const eventName of CONNECTION_EVENTS) {
+        conn.removeAllListeners(eventName);
+      }
+
+      conn.destroy({ force: true }, cb);
+    },
+    err => {
+      if (err) {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+          callback(err, null);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      resetPoolState(this);
+
+      // create a new connection, this will ultimately trigger execution
+      createConnection(this, () => {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+          callback(null, null);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  );
+};
+
+// Prepare the buffer that Pool.prototype.write() uses to send to the server
+function serializeCommand(self, command, callback) {
+  const originalCommandBuffer = command.toBin();
+
+  // Check whether we and the server have agreed to use a compressor
+  const shouldCompress = !!self.options.agreedCompressor;
+  if (!shouldCompress || !canCompress(command)) {
+    return callback(null, originalCommandBuffer);
+  }
+
+  // Transform originalCommandBuffer into OP_COMPRESSED
+  const concatenatedOriginalCommandBuffer = Buffer.concat(originalCommandBuffer);
+  const messageToBeCompressed = concatenatedOriginalCommandBuffer.slice(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+  // Extract information needed for OP_COMPRESSED from the uncompressed message
+  const originalCommandOpCode = concatenatedOriginalCommandBuffer.readInt32LE(12);
+
+  // Compress the message body
+  compress(self, messageToBeCompressed, function(err, compressedMessage) {
+    if (err) return callback(err, null);
+
+    // Create the msgHeader of OP_COMPRESSED
+    const msgHeader = Buffer.alloc(MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
+    msgHeader.writeInt32LE(
+      MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE + COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE + compressedMessage.length,
+      0
+    ); // messageLength
+    msgHeader.writeInt32LE(command.requestId, 4); // requestID
+    msgHeader.writeInt32LE(0, 8); // responseTo (zero)
+    msgHeader.writeInt32LE(opcodes.OP_COMPRESSED, 12); // opCode
+
+    // Create the compression details of OP_COMPRESSED
+    const compressionDetails = Buffer.alloc(COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE);
+    compressionDetails.writeInt32LE(originalCommandOpCode, 0); // originalOpcode
+    compressionDetails.writeInt32LE(messageToBeCompressed.length, 4); // Size of the uncompressed compressedMessage, excluding the MsgHeader
+    compressionDetails.writeUInt8(compressorIDs[self.options.agreedCompressor], 8); // compressorID
+
+    return callback(null, [msgHeader, compressionDetails, compressedMessage]);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a message to MongoDB
+ * @method
+ * @return {Connection}
+ */
+Pool.prototype.write = function(command, options, cb) {
+  var self = this;
+  // Ensure we have a callback
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    cb = options;
+  }
+
+  // Always have options
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // We need to have a callback function unless the message returns no response
+  if (!(typeof cb === 'function') && !options.noResponse) {
+    throw new MongoError('write method must provide a callback');
+  }
+
+  // Pool was destroyed error out
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED || this.state === DESTROYING) {
+    cb(new MongoError('pool destroyed'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === DRAINING) {
+    cb(new MongoError('pool is draining, new operations prohibited'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this.options.domainsEnabled && process.domain && typeof cb === 'function') {
+    // if we have a domain bind to it
+    var oldCb = cb;
+    cb = process.domain.bind(function() {
+      // v8 - argumentsToArray one-liner
+      var args = new Array(arguments.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+        args[i] = arguments[i];
+      }
+      // bounce off event loop so domain switch takes place
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        oldCb.apply(null, args);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Do we have an operation
+  var operation = {
+    cb: cb,
+    raw: false,
+    promoteLongs: true,
+    promoteValues: true,
+    promoteBuffers: false,
+    fullResult: false
+  };
+
+  // Set the options for the parsing
+  operation.promoteLongs = typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? options.promoteLongs : true;
+  operation.promoteValues =
+    typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? options.promoteValues : true;
+  operation.promoteBuffers =
+    typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? options.promoteBuffers : false;
+  operation.raw = typeof options.raw === 'boolean' ? options.raw : false;
+  operation.immediateRelease =
+    typeof options.immediateRelease === 'boolean' ? options.immediateRelease : false;
+  operation.documentsReturnedIn = options.documentsReturnedIn;
+  operation.command = typeof options.command === 'boolean' ? options.command : false;
+  operation.fullResult = typeof options.fullResult === 'boolean' ? options.fullResult : false;
+  operation.noResponse = typeof options.noResponse === 'boolean' ? options.noResponse : false;
+  operation.session = options.session || null;
+
+  // Optional per operation socketTimeout
+  operation.socketTimeout = options.socketTimeout;
+  operation.monitoring = options.monitoring;
+
+  // Get the requestId
+  operation.requestId = command.requestId;
+
+  // If command monitoring is enabled we need to modify the callback here
+  if (self.options.monitorCommands) {
+    this.emit('commandStarted', new apm.CommandStartedEvent(this, command));
+
+    operation.started = now();
+    operation.cb = (err, reply) => {
+      if (err) {
+        self.emit(
+          'commandFailed',
+          new apm.CommandFailedEvent(this, command, err, operation.started)
+        );
+      } else {
+        if (reply && reply.result && (reply.result.ok === 0 || reply.result.$err)) {
+          self.emit(
+            'commandFailed',
+            new apm.CommandFailedEvent(this, command, reply.result, operation.started)
+          );
+        } else {
+          self.emit(
+            'commandSucceeded',
+            new apm.CommandSucceededEvent(this, command, reply, operation.started)
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (typeof cb === 'function') cb(err, reply);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Prepare the operation buffer
+  serializeCommand(self, command, (err, serializedBuffers) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+
+    // Set the operation's buffer to the serialization of the commands
+    operation.buffer = serializedBuffers;
+
+    // If we have a monitoring operation schedule as the very first operation
+    // Otherwise add to back of queue
+    if (options.monitoring) {
+      self.queue.unshift(operation);
+    } else {
+      self.queue.push(operation);
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to execute the operation
+    if (!self.executing) {
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        _execute(self)();
+      });
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+// Return whether a command contains an uncompressible command term
+// Will return true if command contains no uncompressible command terms
+function canCompress(command) {
+  const commandDoc = command instanceof Msg ? command.command : command.query;
+  const commandName = Object.keys(commandDoc)[0];
+  return !uncompressibleCommands.has(commandName);
+}
+
+// Remove connection method
+function remove(connection, connections) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < connections.length; i++) {
+    if (connections[i] === connection) {
+      connections.splice(i, 1);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function removeConnection(self, connection) {
+  if (remove(connection, self.availableConnections)) return;
+  if (remove(connection, self.inUseConnections)) return;
+}
+
+function createConnection(pool, callback) {
+  if (pool.state === DESTROYED || pool.state === DESTROYING) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(new MongoError('Cannot create connection when pool is destroyed'));
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pool.connectingConnections++;
+  connect(pool.options, pool.s.cancellationToken, (err, connection) => {
+    pool.connectingConnections--;
+
+    if (err) {
+      if (pool.logger.isDebug()) {
+        pool.logger.debug(`connection attempt failed with error [${JSON.stringify(err)}]`);
+      }
+
+      // check if reconnect is enabled, and attempt retry if so
+      if (!pool.reconnectId && pool.options.reconnect) {
+        if (pool.state === CONNECTING && pool.options.legacyCompatMode) {
+          callback(err);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        pool.reconnectError = err;
+        pool.reconnectId = setTimeout(
+          attemptReconnect(pool, callback),
+          pool.options.reconnectInterval
+        );
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(err);
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // the pool might have been closed since we started creating the connection
+    if (pool.state === DESTROYED || pool.state === DESTROYING) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(new MongoError('Pool was destroyed after connection creation'));
+      }
+
+      connection.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // otherwise, connect relevant event handlers and add it to our available connections
+    connection.on('error', pool._connectionErrorHandler);
+    connection.on('close', pool._connectionCloseHandler);
+    connection.on('timeout', pool._connectionTimeoutHandler);
+    connection.on('parseError', pool._connectionParseErrorHandler);
+    connection.on('message', pool._messageHandler);
+
+    pool.availableConnections.push(connection);
+
+    // if a callback was provided, return the connection
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(null, connection);
+    }
+
+    // immediately execute any waiting work
+    _execute(pool)();
+  });
+}
+
+function flushMonitoringOperations(queue) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
+    if (queue[i].monitoring) {
+      var workItem = queue[i];
+      queue.splice(i, 1);
+      workItem.cb(
+        new MongoError({ message: 'no connection available for monitoring', driver: true })
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function _execute(self) {
+  return function() {
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED) return;
+    // Already executing, skip
+    if (self.executing) return;
+    // Set pool as executing
+    self.executing = true;
+
+    // New pool connections are in progress, wait them to finish
+    // before executing any more operation to ensure distribution of
+    // operations
+    if (self.connectingConnections > 0) {
+      self.executing = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // As long as we have available connections
+    // eslint-disable-next-line
+    while (true) {
+      // Total availble connections
+      const totalConnections = totalConnectionCount(self);
+
+      // No available connections available, flush any monitoring ops
+      if (self.availableConnections.length === 0) {
+        // Flush any monitoring operations
+        flushMonitoringOperations(self.queue);
+
+        // Try to create a new connection to execute stuck operation
+        if (totalConnections < self.options.size && self.queue.length > 0) {
+          createConnection(self);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // No queue break
+      if (self.queue.length === 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      var connection = null;
+      const connections = self.availableConnections.filter(conn => conn.workItems.length === 0);
+
+      // No connection found that has no work on it, just pick one for pipelining
+      if (connections.length === 0) {
+        connection =
+          self.availableConnections[self.connectionIndex++ % self.availableConnections.length];
+      } else {
+        connection = connections[self.connectionIndex++ % connections.length];
+      }
+
+      // Is the connection connected
+      if (!connection.isConnected()) {
+        // Remove the disconnected connection
+        removeConnection(self, connection);
+        // Flush any monitoring operations in the queue, failing fast
+        flushMonitoringOperations(self.queue);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Get the next work item
+      var workItem = self.queue.shift();
+
+      // If we are monitoring we need to use a connection that is not
+      // running another operation to avoid socket timeout changes
+      // affecting an existing operation
+      if (workItem.monitoring) {
+        var foundValidConnection = false;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < self.availableConnections.length; i++) {
+          // If the connection is connected
+          // And there are no pending workItems on it
+          // Then we can safely use it for monitoring.
+          if (
+            self.availableConnections[i].isConnected() &&
+            self.availableConnections[i].workItems.length === 0
+          ) {
+            foundValidConnection = true;
+            connection = self.availableConnections[i];
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // No safe connection found, attempt to grow the connections
+        // if possible and break from the loop
+        if (!foundValidConnection) {
+          // Put workItem back on the queue
+          self.queue.unshift(workItem);
+
+          // Attempt to grow the pool if it's not yet maxsize
+          if (totalConnections < self.options.size && self.queue.length > 0) {
+            // Create a new connection
+            createConnection(self);
+          }
+
+          // Re-execute the operation
+          setTimeout(() => _execute(self)(), 10);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Don't execute operation until we have a full pool
+      if (totalConnections < self.options.size) {
+        // Connection has work items, then put it back on the queue
+        // and create a new connection
+        if (connection.workItems.length > 0) {
+          // Lets put the workItem back on the list
+          self.queue.unshift(workItem);
+          // Create a new connection
+          createConnection(self);
+          // Break from the loop
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Get actual binary commands
+      var buffer = workItem.buffer;
+
+      // If we are monitoring take the connection of the availableConnections
+      if (workItem.monitoring) {
+        moveConnectionBetween(connection, self.availableConnections, self.inUseConnections);
+      }
+
+      // Track the executing commands on the mongo server
+      // as long as there is an expected response
+      if (!workItem.noResponse) {
+        connection.workItems.push(workItem);
+      }
+
+      // We have a custom socketTimeout
+      if (!workItem.immediateRelease && typeof workItem.socketTimeout === 'number') {
+        connection.setSocketTimeout(workItem.socketTimeout);
+      }
+
+      // Capture if write was successful
+      var writeSuccessful = true;
+
+      // Put operation on the wire
+      if (Array.isArray(buffer)) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
+          writeSuccessful = connection.write(buffer[i]);
+        }
+      } else {
+        writeSuccessful = connection.write(buffer);
+      }
+
+      // if the command is designated noResponse, call the callback immeditely
+      if (workItem.noResponse && typeof workItem.cb === 'function') {
+        workItem.cb(null, null);
+      }
+
+      if (writeSuccessful === false) {
+        // If write not successful put back on queue
+        self.queue.unshift(workItem);
+        // Remove the disconnected connection
+        removeConnection(self, connection);
+        // Flush any monitoring operations in the queue, failing fast
+        flushMonitoringOperations(self.queue);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    self.executing = false;
+  };
+}
+
+// Make execution loop available for testing
+Pool._execute = _execute;
+
+/**
+ * A server connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event Pool#connect
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server reconnect event, used to verify that pool reconnected.
+ *
+ * @event Pool#reconnect
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The server connection closed, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Pool#close
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The server connection caused an error, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Pool#error
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The server connection timed out, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Pool#timeout
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The driver experienced an invalid message, all pool connections closed
+ *
+ * @event Pool#parseError
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The driver attempted to reconnect
+ *
+ * @event Pool#attemptReconnect
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The driver exhausted all reconnect attempts
+ *
+ * @event Pool#reconnectFailed
+ * @type {Pool}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Pool;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3362b6984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/connection/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const require_optional = require('optional-require')(require);
+
+function debugOptions(debugFields, options) {
+  const finaloptions = {};
+  debugFields.forEach(function(n) {
+    finaloptions[n] = options[n];
+  });
+
+  return finaloptions;
+}
+
+function retrieveBSON() {
+  const BSON = require('bson');
+  BSON.native = false;
+
+  const optionalBSON = require_optional('bson-ext');
+  if (optionalBSON) {
+    optionalBSON.native = true;
+    return optionalBSON;
+  }
+
+  return BSON;
+}
+
+// Throw an error if an attempt to use Snappy is made when Snappy is not installed
+function noSnappyWarning() {
+  throw new Error(
+    'Attempted to use Snappy compression, but Snappy is not installed. Install or disable Snappy compression and try again.'
+  );
+}
+
+// Facilitate loading Snappy optionally
+function retrieveSnappy() {
+  let snappy = require_optional('snappy');
+  if (!snappy) {
+    snappy = {
+      compress: noSnappyWarning,
+      uncompress: noSnappyWarning,
+      compressSync: noSnappyWarning,
+      uncompressSync: noSnappyWarning
+    };
+  }
+  return snappy;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  debugOptions,
+  retrieveBSON,
+  retrieveSnappy
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/cursor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/cursor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48b60d1a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/cursor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,874 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Logger = require('./connection/logger');
+const retrieveBSON = require('./connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const MongoError = require('./error').MongoError;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('./error').MongoNetworkError;
+const collationNotSupported = require('./utils').collationNotSupported;
+const ReadPreference = require('./topologies/read_preference');
+const isUnifiedTopology = require('./utils').isUnifiedTopology;
+const executeOperation = require('../operations/execute_operation');
+const Readable = require('stream').Readable;
+const SUPPORTS = require('../utils').SUPPORTS;
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('../utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+const mergeOptions = require('../utils').mergeOptions;
+const OperationBase = require('../operations/operation').OperationBase;
+
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const Long = BSON.Long;
+
+// Possible states for a cursor
+const CursorState = {
+  INIT: 0,
+  OPEN: 1,
+  CLOSED: 2,
+  GET_MORE: 3
+};
+
+//
+// Handle callback (including any exceptions thrown)
+function handleCallback(callback, err, result) {
+  try {
+    callback(err, result);
+  } catch (err) {
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      throw err;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is a cursor results callback
+ *
+ * @callback resultCallback
+ * @param {error} error An error object. Set to null if no error present
+ * @param {object} document
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Cursor** class is an internal class that embodies a cursor on MongoDB
+ * allowing for iteration over the results returned from the underlying query.
+ *
+ * **CURSORS Cannot directly be instantiated**
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The core cursor class. All cursors in the driver build off of this one.
+ *
+ * @property {number} cursorBatchSize The current cursorBatchSize for the cursor
+ * @property {number} cursorLimit The current cursorLimit for the cursor
+ * @property {number} cursorSkip The current cursorSkip for the cursor
+ */
+class CoreCursor extends Readable {
+  /**
+   * Create a new core `Cursor` instance.
+   * **NOTE** Not to be instantiated directly
+   *
+   * @param {object} topology The server topology instance.
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {{object}|Long} cmd The selector (can be a command or a cursorId)
+   * @param {object} [options=null] Optional settings.
+   * @param {object} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/find/| find command documentation} and {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+   * @param {array} [options.documents=[]] Initial documents list for cursor
+   * @param {object} [options.transforms=null] Transform methods for the cursor results
+   * @param {function} [options.transforms.query] Transform the value returned from the initial query
+   * @param {function} [options.transforms.doc] Transform each document returned from Cursor.prototype._next
+   */
+  constructor(topology, ns, cmd, options) {
+    super({ objectMode: true });
+    options = options || {};
+
+    if (ns instanceof OperationBase) {
+      this.operation = ns;
+      ns = this.operation.ns.toString();
+      options = this.operation.options;
+      cmd = this.operation.cmd ? this.operation.cmd : {};
+    }
+
+    // Cursor pool
+    this.pool = null;
+    // Cursor server
+    this.server = null;
+
+    // Do we have a not connected handler
+    this.disconnectHandler = options.disconnectHandler;
+
+    // Set local values
+    this.bson = topology.s.bson;
+    this.ns = ns;
+    this.namespace = MongoDBNamespace.fromString(ns);
+    this.cmd = cmd;
+    this.options = options;
+    this.topology = topology;
+
+    // All internal state
+    this.cursorState = {
+      cursorId: null,
+      cmd,
+      documents: options.documents || [],
+      cursorIndex: 0,
+      dead: false,
+      killed: false,
+      init: false,
+      notified: false,
+      limit: options.limit || cmd.limit || 0,
+      skip: options.skip || cmd.skip || 0,
+      batchSize: options.batchSize || cmd.batchSize || 1000,
+      currentLimit: 0,
+      // Result field name if not a cursor (contains the array of results)
+      transforms: options.transforms,
+      raw: options.raw || (cmd && cmd.raw)
+    };
+
+    if (typeof options.session === 'object') {
+      this.cursorState.session = options.session;
+    }
+
+    // Add promoteLong to cursor state
+    const topologyOptions = topology.s.options;
+    if (typeof topologyOptions.promoteLongs === 'boolean') {
+      this.cursorState.promoteLongs = topologyOptions.promoteLongs;
+    } else if (typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean') {
+      this.cursorState.promoteLongs = options.promoteLongs;
+    }
+
+    // Add promoteValues to cursor state
+    if (typeof topologyOptions.promoteValues === 'boolean') {
+      this.cursorState.promoteValues = topologyOptions.promoteValues;
+    } else if (typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean') {
+      this.cursorState.promoteValues = options.promoteValues;
+    }
+
+    // Add promoteBuffers to cursor state
+    if (typeof topologyOptions.promoteBuffers === 'boolean') {
+      this.cursorState.promoteBuffers = topologyOptions.promoteBuffers;
+    } else if (typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean') {
+      this.cursorState.promoteBuffers = options.promoteBuffers;
+    }
+
+    if (topologyOptions.reconnect) {
+      this.cursorState.reconnect = topologyOptions.reconnect;
+    }
+
+    // Logger
+    this.logger = Logger('Cursor', topologyOptions);
+
+    //
+    // Did we pass in a cursor id
+    if (typeof cmd === 'number') {
+      this.cursorState.cursorId = Long.fromNumber(cmd);
+      this.cursorState.lastCursorId = this.cursorState.cursorId;
+    } else if (cmd instanceof Long) {
+      this.cursorState.cursorId = cmd;
+      this.cursorState.lastCursorId = cmd;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove as part of NODE-2104
+    if (this.operation) {
+      this.operation.cursorState = this.cursorState;
+    }
+  }
+
+  setCursorBatchSize(value) {
+    this.cursorState.batchSize = value;
+  }
+
+  cursorBatchSize() {
+    return this.cursorState.batchSize;
+  }
+
+  setCursorLimit(value) {
+    this.cursorState.limit = value;
+  }
+
+  cursorLimit() {
+    return this.cursorState.limit;
+  }
+
+  setCursorSkip(value) {
+    this.cursorState.skip = value;
+  }
+
+  cursorSkip() {
+    return this.cursorState.skip;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the next document from the cursor
+   * @method
+   * @param {resultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  _next(callback) {
+    nextFunction(this, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clone the cursor
+   * @method
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  clone() {
+    const clonedOptions = mergeOptions({}, this.options);
+    delete clonedOptions.session;
+    return this.topology.cursor(this.ns, this.cmd, clonedOptions);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the cursor is dead
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean} A boolean signifying if the cursor is dead or not
+   */
+  isDead() {
+    return this.cursorState.dead === true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the cursor was killed by the application
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean} A boolean signifying if the cursor was killed by the application
+   */
+  isKilled() {
+    return this.cursorState.killed === true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the cursor notified it's caller about it's death
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean} A boolean signifying if the cursor notified the callback
+   */
+  isNotified() {
+    return this.cursorState.notified === true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns current buffered documents length
+   * @method
+   * @return {number} The number of items in the buffered documents
+   */
+  bufferedCount() {
+    return this.cursorState.documents.length - this.cursorState.cursorIndex;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns current buffered documents
+   * @method
+   * @return {Array} An array of buffered documents
+   */
+  readBufferedDocuments(number) {
+    const unreadDocumentsLength = this.cursorState.documents.length - this.cursorState.cursorIndex;
+    const length = number < unreadDocumentsLength ? number : unreadDocumentsLength;
+    let elements = this.cursorState.documents.slice(
+      this.cursorState.cursorIndex,
+      this.cursorState.cursorIndex + length
+    );
+
+    // Transform the doc with passed in transformation method if provided
+    if (this.cursorState.transforms && typeof this.cursorState.transforms.doc === 'function') {
+      // Transform all the elements
+      for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+        elements[i] = this.cursorState.transforms.doc(elements[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we do not return any more documents than the limit imposed
+    // Just return the number of elements up to the limit
+    if (
+      this.cursorState.limit > 0 &&
+      this.cursorState.currentLimit + elements.length > this.cursorState.limit
+    ) {
+      elements = elements.slice(0, this.cursorState.limit - this.cursorState.currentLimit);
+      this.kill();
+    }
+
+    // Adjust current limit
+    this.cursorState.currentLimit = this.cursorState.currentLimit + elements.length;
+    this.cursorState.cursorIndex = this.cursorState.cursorIndex + elements.length;
+
+    // Return elements
+    return elements;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets local state for this cursor instance, and issues a `killCursors` command to the server
+   *
+   * @param {resultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  kill(callback) {
+    // Set cursor to dead
+    this.cursorState.dead = true;
+    this.cursorState.killed = true;
+    // Remove documents
+    this.cursorState.documents = [];
+
+    // If no cursor id just return
+    if (
+      this.cursorState.cursorId == null ||
+      this.cursorState.cursorId.isZero() ||
+      this.cursorState.init === false
+    ) {
+      if (callback) callback(null, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.server.killCursors(this.ns, this.cursorState, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the cursor
+   */
+  rewind() {
+    if (this.cursorState.init) {
+      if (!this.cursorState.dead) {
+        this.kill();
+      }
+
+      this.cursorState.currentLimit = 0;
+      this.cursorState.init = false;
+      this.cursorState.dead = false;
+      this.cursorState.killed = false;
+      this.cursorState.notified = false;
+      this.cursorState.documents = [];
+      this.cursorState.cursorId = null;
+      this.cursorState.cursorIndex = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Internal methods
+  _read() {
+    if ((this.s && this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED) || this.isDead()) {
+      return this.push(null);
+    }
+
+    // Get the next item
+    this._next((err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        if (this.listeners('error') && this.listeners('error').length > 0) {
+          this.emit('error', err);
+        }
+        if (!this.isDead()) this.close();
+
+        // Emit end event
+        this.emit('end');
+        return this.emit('finish');
+      }
+
+      // If we provided a transformation method
+      if (
+        this.cursorState.streamOptions &&
+        typeof this.cursorState.streamOptions.transform === 'function' &&
+        result != null
+      ) {
+        return this.push(this.cursorState.streamOptions.transform(result));
+      }
+
+      // Return the result
+      this.push(result);
+
+      if (result === null && this.isDead()) {
+        this.once('end', () => {
+          this.close();
+          this.emit('finish');
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  _endSession(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = {};
+    }
+    options = options || {};
+
+    const session = this.cursorState.session;
+
+    if (session && (options.force || session.owner === this)) {
+      this.cursorState.session = undefined;
+
+      if (this.operation) {
+        this.operation.clearSession();
+      }
+
+      session.endSession(callback);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (callback) {
+      callback();
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _getMore(callback) {
+    if (this.logger.isDebug()) {
+      this.logger.debug(`schedule getMore call for query [${JSON.stringify(this.query)}]`);
+    }
+
+    // Set the current batchSize
+    let batchSize = this.cursorState.batchSize;
+    if (
+      this.cursorState.limit > 0 &&
+      this.cursorState.currentLimit + batchSize > this.cursorState.limit
+    ) {
+      batchSize = this.cursorState.limit - this.cursorState.currentLimit;
+    }
+
+    const cursorState = this.cursorState;
+    this.server.getMore(this.ns, cursorState, batchSize, this.options, (err, result, conn) => {
+      // NOTE: `getMore` modifies `cursorState`, would be very ideal not to do so in the future
+      if (err || (cursorState.cursorId && cursorState.cursorId.isZero())) {
+        this._endSession();
+      }
+
+      callback(err, result, conn);
+    });
+  }
+
+  _initializeCursor(callback) {
+    const cursor = this;
+
+    // NOTE: this goes away once cursors use `executeOperation`
+    if (isUnifiedTopology(cursor.topology) && cursor.topology.shouldCheckForSessionSupport()) {
+      cursor.topology.selectServer(ReadPreference.primaryPreferred, err => {
+        if (err) {
+          callback(err);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        this._initializeCursor(callback);
+      });
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    function done(err, result) {
+      const cursorState = cursor.cursorState;
+      if (err || (cursorState.cursorId && cursorState.cursorId.isZero())) {
+        cursor._endSession();
+      }
+
+      if (
+        cursorState.documents.length === 0 &&
+        cursorState.cursorId &&
+        cursorState.cursorId.isZero() &&
+        !cursor.cmd.tailable &&
+        !cursor.cmd.awaitData
+      ) {
+        return setCursorNotified(cursor, callback);
+      }
+
+      callback(err, result);
+    }
+
+    const queryCallback = (err, r) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return done(err);
+      }
+
+      const result = r.message;
+
+      if (Array.isArray(result.documents) && result.documents.length === 1) {
+        const document = result.documents[0];
+
+        if (result.queryFailure) {
+          return done(new MongoError(document), null);
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have a command cursor
+        if (!cursor.cmd.find || (cursor.cmd.find && cursor.cmd.virtual === false)) {
+          // We have an error document, return the error
+          if (document.$err || document.errmsg) {
+            return done(new MongoError(document), null);
+          }
+
+          // We have a cursor document
+          if (document.cursor != null && typeof document.cursor !== 'string') {
+            const id = document.cursor.id;
+            // If we have a namespace change set the new namespace for getmores
+            if (document.cursor.ns) {
+              cursor.ns = document.cursor.ns;
+            }
+            // Promote id to long if needed
+            cursor.cursorState.cursorId = typeof id === 'number' ? Long.fromNumber(id) : id;
+            cursor.cursorState.lastCursorId = cursor.cursorState.cursorId;
+            cursor.cursorState.operationTime = document.operationTime;
+
+            // If we have a firstBatch set it
+            if (Array.isArray(document.cursor.firstBatch)) {
+              cursor.cursorState.documents = document.cursor.firstBatch; //.reverse();
+            }
+
+            // Return after processing command cursor
+            return done(null, result);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise fall back to regular find path
+      const cursorId = result.cursorId || 0;
+      cursor.cursorState.cursorId = cursorId instanceof Long ? cursorId : Long.fromNumber(cursorId);
+      cursor.cursorState.documents = result.documents;
+      cursor.cursorState.lastCursorId = result.cursorId;
+
+      // Transform the results with passed in transformation method if provided
+      if (
+        cursor.cursorState.transforms &&
+        typeof cursor.cursorState.transforms.query === 'function'
+      ) {
+        cursor.cursorState.documents = cursor.cursorState.transforms.query(result);
+      }
+
+      done(null, result);
+    };
+
+    if (cursor.operation) {
+      if (cursor.logger.isDebug()) {
+        cursor.logger.debug(
+          `issue initial query [${JSON.stringify(cursor.cmd)}] with flags [${JSON.stringify(
+            cursor.query
+          )}]`
+        );
+      }
+
+      executeOperation(cursor.topology, cursor.operation, (err, result) => {
+        if (err) {
+          done(err);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        cursor.server = cursor.operation.server;
+        cursor.cursorState.init = true;
+
+        // NOTE: this is a special internal method for cloning a cursor, consider removing
+        if (cursor.cursorState.cursorId != null) {
+          return done();
+        }
+
+        queryCallback(err, result);
+      });
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Very explicitly choose what is passed to selectServer
+    const serverSelectOptions = {};
+    if (cursor.cursorState.session) {
+      serverSelectOptions.session = cursor.cursorState.session;
+    }
+
+    if (cursor.operation) {
+      serverSelectOptions.readPreference = cursor.operation.readPreference;
+    } else if (cursor.options.readPreference) {
+      serverSelectOptions.readPreference = cursor.options.readPreference;
+    }
+
+    return cursor.topology.selectServer(serverSelectOptions, (err, server) => {
+      if (err) {
+        const disconnectHandler = cursor.disconnectHandler;
+        if (disconnectHandler != null) {
+          return disconnectHandler.addObjectAndMethod(
+            'cursor',
+            cursor,
+            'next',
+            [callback],
+            callback
+          );
+        }
+
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      cursor.server = server;
+      cursor.cursorState.init = true;
+      if (collationNotSupported(cursor.server, cursor.cmd)) {
+        return callback(new MongoError(`server ${cursor.server.name} does not support collation`));
+      }
+
+      // NOTE: this is a special internal method for cloning a cursor, consider removing
+      if (cursor.cursorState.cursorId != null) {
+        return done();
+      }
+
+      if (cursor.logger.isDebug()) {
+        cursor.logger.debug(
+          `issue initial query [${JSON.stringify(cursor.cmd)}] with flags [${JSON.stringify(
+            cursor.query
+          )}]`
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (cursor.cmd.find != null) {
+        server.query(cursor.ns, cursor.cmd, cursor.cursorState, cursor.options, queryCallback);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const commandOptions = Object.assign({ session: cursor.cursorState.session }, cursor.options);
+      server.command(cursor.ns, cursor.cmd, commandOptions, queryCallback);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+if (SUPPORTS.ASYNC_ITERATOR) {
+  CoreCursor.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = require('../async/async_iterator').asyncIterator;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate if the pool is dead and return error
+ */
+function isConnectionDead(self, callback) {
+  if (self.pool && self.pool.isDestroyed()) {
+    self.cursorState.killed = true;
+    const err = new MongoNetworkError(
+      `connection to host ${self.pool.host}:${self.pool.port} was destroyed`
+    );
+
+    _setCursorNotifiedImpl(self, () => callback(err));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate if the cursor is dead but was not explicitly killed by user
+ */
+function isCursorDeadButNotkilled(self, callback) {
+  // Cursor is dead but not marked killed, return null
+  if (self.cursorState.dead && !self.cursorState.killed) {
+    self.cursorState.killed = true;
+    setCursorNotified(self, callback);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate if the cursor is dead and was killed by user
+ */
+function isCursorDeadAndKilled(self, callback) {
+  if (self.cursorState.dead && self.cursorState.killed) {
+    handleCallback(callback, new MongoError('cursor is dead'));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate if the cursor was killed by the user
+ */
+function isCursorKilled(self, callback) {
+  if (self.cursorState.killed) {
+    setCursorNotified(self, callback);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark cursor as being dead and notified
+ */
+function setCursorDeadAndNotified(self, callback) {
+  self.cursorState.dead = true;
+  setCursorNotified(self, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark cursor as being notified
+ */
+function setCursorNotified(self, callback) {
+  _setCursorNotifiedImpl(self, () => handleCallback(callback, null, null));
+}
+
+function _setCursorNotifiedImpl(self, callback) {
+  self.cursorState.notified = true;
+  self.cursorState.documents = [];
+  self.cursorState.cursorIndex = 0;
+
+  if (self.cursorState.session) {
+    self._endSession(callback);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  return callback();
+}
+
+function nextFunction(self, callback) {
+  // We have notified about it
+  if (self.cursorState.notified) {
+    return callback(new Error('cursor is exhausted'));
+  }
+
+  // Cursor is killed return null
+  if (isCursorKilled(self, callback)) return;
+
+  // Cursor is dead but not marked killed, return null
+  if (isCursorDeadButNotkilled(self, callback)) return;
+
+  // We have a dead and killed cursor, attempting to call next should error
+  if (isCursorDeadAndKilled(self, callback)) return;
+
+  // We have just started the cursor
+  if (!self.cursorState.init) {
+    // Topology is not connected, save the call in the provided store to be
+    // Executed at some point when the handler deems it's reconnected
+    if (!self.topology.isConnected(self.options)) {
+      // Only need this for single server, because repl sets and mongos
+      // will always continue trying to reconnect
+      if (self.topology._type === 'server' && !self.topology.s.options.reconnect) {
+        // Reconnect is disabled, so we'll never reconnect
+        return callback(new MongoError('no connection available'));
+      }
+
+      if (self.disconnectHandler != null) {
+        if (self.topology.isDestroyed()) {
+          // Topology was destroyed, so don't try to wait for it to reconnect
+          return callback(new MongoError('Topology was destroyed'));
+        }
+
+        self.disconnectHandler.addObjectAndMethod('cursor', self, 'next', [callback], callback);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    self._initializeCursor((err, result) => {
+      if (err || result === null) {
+        callback(err, result);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      nextFunction(self, callback);
+    });
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (self.cursorState.limit > 0 && self.cursorState.currentLimit >= self.cursorState.limit) {
+    // Ensure we kill the cursor on the server
+    self.kill(() =>
+      // Set cursor in dead and notified state
+      setCursorDeadAndNotified(self, callback)
+    );
+  } else if (
+    self.cursorState.cursorIndex === self.cursorState.documents.length &&
+    !Long.ZERO.equals(self.cursorState.cursorId)
+  ) {
+    // Ensure an empty cursor state
+    self.cursorState.documents = [];
+    self.cursorState.cursorIndex = 0;
+
+    // Check if topology is destroyed
+    if (self.topology.isDestroyed())
+      return callback(
+        new MongoNetworkError('connection destroyed, not possible to instantiate cursor')
+      );
+
+    // Check if connection is dead and return if not possible to
+    // execute a getMore on this connection
+    if (isConnectionDead(self, callback)) return;
+
+    // Execute the next get more
+    self._getMore(function(err, doc, connection) {
+      if (err) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      }
+
+      // Save the returned connection to ensure all getMore's fire over the same connection
+      self.connection = connection;
+
+      // Tailable cursor getMore result, notify owner about it
+      // No attempt is made here to retry, this is left to the user of the
+      // core module to handle to keep core simple
+      if (
+        self.cursorState.documents.length === 0 &&
+        self.cmd.tailable &&
+        Long.ZERO.equals(self.cursorState.cursorId)
+      ) {
+        // No more documents in the tailed cursor
+        return handleCallback(
+          callback,
+          new MongoError({
+            message: 'No more documents in tailed cursor',
+            tailable: self.cmd.tailable,
+            awaitData: self.cmd.awaitData
+          })
+        );
+      } else if (
+        self.cursorState.documents.length === 0 &&
+        self.cmd.tailable &&
+        !Long.ZERO.equals(self.cursorState.cursorId)
+      ) {
+        return nextFunction(self, callback);
+      }
+
+      if (self.cursorState.limit > 0 && self.cursorState.currentLimit >= self.cursorState.limit) {
+        return setCursorDeadAndNotified(self, callback);
+      }
+
+      nextFunction(self, callback);
+    });
+  } else if (
+    self.cursorState.documents.length === self.cursorState.cursorIndex &&
+    self.cmd.tailable &&
+    Long.ZERO.equals(self.cursorState.cursorId)
+  ) {
+    return handleCallback(
+      callback,
+      new MongoError({
+        message: 'No more documents in tailed cursor',
+        tailable: self.cmd.tailable,
+        awaitData: self.cmd.awaitData
+      })
+    );
+  } else if (
+    self.cursorState.documents.length === self.cursorState.cursorIndex &&
+    Long.ZERO.equals(self.cursorState.cursorId)
+  ) {
+    setCursorDeadAndNotified(self, callback);
+  } else {
+    if (self.cursorState.limit > 0 && self.cursorState.currentLimit >= self.cursorState.limit) {
+      // Ensure we kill the cursor on the server
+      self.kill(() =>
+        // Set cursor in dead and notified state
+        setCursorDeadAndNotified(self, callback)
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Increment the current cursor limit
+    self.cursorState.currentLimit += 1;
+
+    // Get the document
+    let doc = self.cursorState.documents[self.cursorState.cursorIndex++];
+
+    // Doc overflow
+    if (!doc || doc.$err) {
+      // Ensure we kill the cursor on the server
+      self.kill(() =>
+        // Set cursor in dead and notified state
+        setCursorDeadAndNotified(self, function() {
+          handleCallback(callback, new MongoError(doc ? doc.$err : undefined));
+        })
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Transform the doc with passed in transformation method if provided
+    if (self.cursorState.transforms && typeof self.cursorState.transforms.doc === 'function') {
+      doc = self.cursorState.transforms.doc(doc);
+    }
+
+    // Return the document
+    handleCallback(callback, null, doc);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  CursorState,
+  CoreCursor
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/error.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/error.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..702e3cecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/error.js
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const kErrorLabels = Symbol('errorLabels');
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new MongoError
+ *
+ * @augments Error
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @property {string} stack The error call stack
+ */
+class MongoError extends Error {
+  constructor(message) {
+    if (message instanceof Error) {
+      super(message.message);
+      this.stack = message.stack;
+    } else {
+      if (typeof message === 'string') {
+        super(message);
+      } else {
+        super(message.message || message.errmsg || message.$err || 'n/a');
+        if (message.errorLabels) {
+          this[kErrorLabels] = new Set(message.errorLabels);
+        }
+
+        for (var name in message) {
+          if (name === 'errorLabels' || name === 'errmsg') {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          this[name] = message[name];
+        }
+      }
+
+      Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+    }
+
+    this.name = 'MongoError';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Legacy name for server error responses
+   */
+  get errmsg() {
+    return this.message;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new MongoError object
+   *
+   * @param {Error|string|object} options The options used to create the error.
+   * @return {MongoError} A MongoError instance
+   * @deprecated Use `new MongoError()` instead.
+   */
+  static create(options) {
+    return new MongoError(options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks the error to see if it has an error label
+   * @param {string} label The error label to check for
+   * @returns {boolean} returns true if the error has the provided error label
+   */
+  hasErrorLabel(label) {
+    if (this[kErrorLabels] == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return this[kErrorLabels].has(label);
+  }
+
+  addErrorLabel(label) {
+    if (this[kErrorLabels] == null) {
+      this[kErrorLabels] = new Set();
+    }
+
+    this[kErrorLabels].add(label);
+  }
+
+  get errorLabels() {
+    return this[kErrorLabels] ? Array.from(this[kErrorLabels]) : [];
+  }
+}
+
+const kBeforeHandshake = Symbol('beforeHandshake');
+function isNetworkErrorBeforeHandshake(err) {
+  return err[kBeforeHandshake] === true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error indicating an issue with the network, including TCP
+ * errors and timeouts.
+ *
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @property {string} stack The error call stack
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class MongoNetworkError extends MongoError {
+  constructor(message, options) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'MongoNetworkError';
+
+    if (options && typeof options.beforeHandshake === 'boolean') {
+      this[kBeforeHandshake] = options.beforeHandshake;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error indicating a network timeout occurred
+ *
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @property {object} [options.beforeHandshake] Indicates the timeout happened before a connection handshake completed
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class MongoNetworkTimeoutError extends MongoNetworkError {
+  constructor(message, options) {
+    super(message, options);
+    this.name = 'MongoNetworkTimeoutError';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error used when attempting to parse a value (like a connection string)
+ *
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class MongoParseError extends MongoError {
+  constructor(message) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'MongoParseError';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error signifying a client-side timeout event
+ *
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @param {string|object} [reason] The reason the timeout occured
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @property {string} [reason] An optional reason context for the timeout, generally an error saved during flow of monitoring and selecting servers
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class MongoTimeoutError extends MongoError {
+  constructor(message, reason) {
+    if (reason && reason.error) {
+      super(reason.error.message || reason.error);
+    } else {
+      super(message);
+    }
+
+    this.name = 'MongoTimeoutError';
+    if (reason) {
+      this.reason = reason;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error signifying a client-side server selection error
+ *
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @param {string|object} [reason] The reason the timeout occured
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @property {string} [reason] An optional reason context for the timeout, generally an error saved during flow of monitoring and selecting servers
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class MongoServerSelectionError extends MongoTimeoutError {
+  constructor(message, reason) {
+    super(message, reason);
+    this.name = 'MongoServerSelectionError';
+  }
+}
+
+function makeWriteConcernResultObject(input) {
+  const output = Object.assign({}, input);
+
+  if (output.ok === 0) {
+    output.ok = 1;
+    delete output.errmsg;
+    delete output.code;
+    delete output.codeName;
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error thrown when the server reports a writeConcernError
+ *
+ * @param {Error|string|object} message The error message
+ * @param {object} result The result document (provided if ok: 1)
+ * @property {string} message The error message
+ * @property {object} [result] The result document (provided if ok: 1)
+ * @extends MongoError
+ */
+class MongoWriteConcernError extends MongoError {
+  constructor(message, result) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'MongoWriteConcernError';
+
+    if (result && Array.isArray(result.errorLabels)) {
+      this[kErrorLabels] = new Set(result.errorLabels);
+    }
+
+    if (result != null) {
+      this.result = makeWriteConcernResultObject(result);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// see: https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/retryable-writes/retryable-writes.rst#terms
+const RETRYABLE_ERROR_CODES = new Set([
+  6, // HostUnreachable
+  7, // HostNotFound
+  89, // NetworkTimeout
+  91, // ShutdownInProgress
+  189, // PrimarySteppedDown
+  9001, // SocketException
+  10107, // NotMaster
+  11600, // InterruptedAtShutdown
+  11602, // InterruptedDueToReplStateChange
+  13435, // NotMasterNoSlaveOk
+  13436 // NotMasterOrSecondary
+]);
+
+const RETRYABLE_WRITE_ERROR_CODES = new Set([
+  11600, // InterruptedAtShutdown
+  11602, // InterruptedDueToReplStateChange
+  10107, // NotMaster
+  13435, // NotMasterNoSlaveOk
+  13436, // NotMasterOrSecondary
+  189, // PrimarySteppedDown
+  91, // ShutdownInProgress
+  7, // HostNotFound
+  6, // HostUnreachable
+  89, // NetworkTimeout
+  9001, // SocketException
+  262 // ExceededTimeLimit
+]);
+
+function isRetryableWriteError(error) {
+  if (error instanceof MongoWriteConcernError) {
+    return (
+      RETRYABLE_WRITE_ERROR_CODES.has(error.code) ||
+      RETRYABLE_WRITE_ERROR_CODES.has(error.result.code)
+    );
+  }
+
+  return RETRYABLE_WRITE_ERROR_CODES.has(error.code);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether an error is something the driver should attempt to retry
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {MongoError|Error} error
+ */
+function isRetryableError(error) {
+  return (
+    RETRYABLE_ERROR_CODES.has(error.code) ||
+    error instanceof MongoNetworkError ||
+    error.message.match(/not master/) ||
+    error.message.match(/node is recovering/)
+  );
+}
+
+const SDAM_RECOVERING_CODES = new Set([
+  91, // ShutdownInProgress
+  189, // PrimarySteppedDown
+  11600, // InterruptedAtShutdown
+  11602, // InterruptedDueToReplStateChange
+  13436 // NotMasterOrSecondary
+]);
+
+const SDAM_NOTMASTER_CODES = new Set([
+  10107, // NotMaster
+  13435 // NotMasterNoSlaveOk
+]);
+
+const SDAM_NODE_SHUTTING_DOWN_ERROR_CODES = new Set([
+  11600, // InterruptedAtShutdown
+  91 // ShutdownInProgress
+]);
+
+function isRecoveringError(err) {
+  if (err.code && SDAM_RECOVERING_CODES.has(err.code)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return err.message.match(/not master or secondary/) || err.message.match(/node is recovering/);
+}
+
+function isNotMasterError(err) {
+  if (err.code && SDAM_NOTMASTER_CODES.has(err.code)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (isRecoveringError(err)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return err.message.match(/not master/);
+}
+
+function isNodeShuttingDownError(err) {
+  return err.code && SDAM_NODE_SHUTTING_DOWN_ERROR_CODES.has(err.code);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether SDAM can recover from a given error. If it cannot
+ * then the pool will be cleared, and server state will completely reset
+ * locally.
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @see https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/server-discovery-and-monitoring/server-discovery-and-monitoring.rst#not-master-and-node-is-recovering
+ * @param {MongoError|Error} error
+ */
+function isSDAMUnrecoverableError(error) {
+  // NOTE: null check is here for a strictly pre-CMAP world, a timeout or
+  //       close event are considered unrecoverable
+  if (error instanceof MongoParseError || error == null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (isRecoveringError(error) || isNotMasterError(error)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  MongoError,
+  MongoNetworkError,
+  MongoNetworkTimeoutError,
+  MongoParseError,
+  MongoTimeoutError,
+  MongoServerSelectionError,
+  MongoWriteConcernError,
+  isRetryableError,
+  isSDAMUnrecoverableError,
+  isNodeShuttingDownError,
+  isRetryableWriteError,
+  isNetworkErrorBeforeHandshake
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf3bbfed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+'use strict';
+
+let BSON = require('bson');
+const require_optional = require('optional-require')(require);
+const EJSON = require('./utils').retrieveEJSON();
+
+try {
+  // Attempt to grab the native BSON parser
+  const BSONNative = require_optional('bson-ext');
+  // If we got the native parser, use it instead of the
+  // Javascript one
+  if (BSONNative) {
+    BSON = BSONNative;
+  }
+} catch (err) {} // eslint-disable-line
+
+module.exports = {
+  // Errors
+  MongoError: require('./error').MongoError,
+  MongoNetworkError: require('./error').MongoNetworkError,
+  MongoParseError: require('./error').MongoParseError,
+  MongoTimeoutError: require('./error').MongoTimeoutError,
+  MongoServerSelectionError: require('./error').MongoServerSelectionError,
+  MongoWriteConcernError: require('./error').MongoWriteConcernError,
+  // Core
+  Connection: require('./connection/connection'),
+  Server: require('./topologies/server'),
+  ReplSet: require('./topologies/replset'),
+  Mongos: require('./topologies/mongos'),
+  Logger: require('./connection/logger'),
+  Cursor: require('./cursor').CoreCursor,
+  ReadPreference: require('./topologies/read_preference'),
+  Sessions: require('./sessions'),
+  BSON: BSON,
+  EJSON: EJSON,
+  Topology: require('./sdam/topology').Topology,
+  // Raw operations
+  Query: require('./connection/commands').Query,
+  // Auth mechanisms
+  MongoCredentials: require('./auth/mongo_credentials').MongoCredentials,
+  defaultAuthProviders: require('./auth/defaultAuthProviders').defaultAuthProviders,
+  MongoCR: require('./auth/mongocr'),
+  X509: require('./auth/x509'),
+  Plain: require('./auth/plain'),
+  GSSAPI: require('./auth/gssapi'),
+  ScramSHA1: require('./auth/scram').ScramSHA1,
+  ScramSHA256: require('./auth/scram').ScramSHA256,
+  // Utilities
+  parseConnectionString: require('./uri_parser')
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/common.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/common.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cfff4270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/common.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// shared state names
+const STATE_CLOSING = 'closing';
+const STATE_CLOSED = 'closed';
+const STATE_CONNECTING = 'connecting';
+const STATE_CONNECTED = 'connected';
+
+// An enumeration of topology types we know about
+const TopologyType = {
+  Single: 'Single',
+  ReplicaSetNoPrimary: 'ReplicaSetNoPrimary',
+  ReplicaSetWithPrimary: 'ReplicaSetWithPrimary',
+  Sharded: 'Sharded',
+  Unknown: 'Unknown'
+};
+
+// An enumeration of server types we know about
+const ServerType = {
+  Standalone: 'Standalone',
+  Mongos: 'Mongos',
+  PossiblePrimary: 'PossiblePrimary',
+  RSPrimary: 'RSPrimary',
+  RSSecondary: 'RSSecondary',
+  RSArbiter: 'RSArbiter',
+  RSOther: 'RSOther',
+  RSGhost: 'RSGhost',
+  Unknown: 'Unknown'
+};
+
+// helper to get a server's type that works for both legacy and unified topologies
+function serverType(server) {
+  let description = server.s.description || server.s.serverDescription;
+  if (description.topologyType === TopologyType.Single) return description.servers[0].type;
+  return description.type;
+}
+
+const TOPOLOGY_DEFAULTS = {
+  useUnifiedTopology: true,
+  localThresholdMS: 15,
+  serverSelectionTimeoutMS: 30000,
+  heartbeatFrequencyMS: 10000,
+  minHeartbeatFrequencyMS: 500
+};
+
+function drainTimerQueue(queue) {
+  queue.forEach(clearTimeout);
+  queue.clear();
+}
+
+function clearAndRemoveTimerFrom(timer, timers) {
+  clearTimeout(timer);
+  return timers.delete(timer);
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  STATE_CLOSING,
+  STATE_CLOSED,
+  STATE_CONNECTING,
+  STATE_CONNECTED,
+  TOPOLOGY_DEFAULTS,
+  TopologyType,
+  ServerType,
+  serverType,
+  drainTimerQueue,
+  clearAndRemoveTimerFrom
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/events.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/events.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08a14adca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/events.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Published when server description changes, but does NOT include changes to the RTT.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} topologyId A unique identifier for the topology
+ * @property {ServerAddress} address The address (host/port pair) of the server
+ * @property {ServerDescription} previousDescription The previous server description
+ * @property {ServerDescription} newDescription The new server description
+ */
+class ServerDescriptionChangedEvent {
+  constructor(topologyId, address, previousDescription, newDescription) {
+    Object.assign(this, { topologyId, address, previousDescription, newDescription });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Published when server is initialized.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} topologyId A unique identifier for the topology
+ * @property {ServerAddress} address The address (host/port pair) of the server
+ */
+class ServerOpeningEvent {
+  constructor(topologyId, address) {
+    Object.assign(this, { topologyId, address });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Published when server is closed.
+ *
+ * @property {ServerAddress} address The address (host/port pair) of the server
+ * @property {Object} topologyId A unique identifier for the topology
+ */
+class ServerClosedEvent {
+  constructor(topologyId, address) {
+    Object.assign(this, { topologyId, address });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Published when topology description changes.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} topologyId
+ * @property {TopologyDescription} previousDescription The old topology description
+ * @property {TopologyDescription} newDescription The new topology description
+ */
+class TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent {
+  constructor(topologyId, previousDescription, newDescription) {
+    Object.assign(this, { topologyId, previousDescription, newDescription });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Published when topology is initialized.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} topologyId A unique identifier for the topology
+ */
+class TopologyOpeningEvent {
+  constructor(topologyId) {
+    Object.assign(this, { topologyId });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Published when topology is closed.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} topologyId A unique identifier for the topology
+ */
+class TopologyClosedEvent {
+  constructor(topologyId) {
+    Object.assign(this, { topologyId });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fired when the server monitor’s ismaster command is started - immediately before
+ * the ismaster command is serialized into raw BSON and written to the socket.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} connectionId The connection id for the command
+ */
+class ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent {
+  constructor(connectionId) {
+    Object.assign(this, { connectionId });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fired when the server monitor’s ismaster succeeds.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} duration The execution time of the event in ms
+ * @param {Object} reply The command reply
+ * @param {Object} connectionId The connection id for the command
+ */
+class ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent {
+  constructor(duration, reply, connectionId) {
+    Object.assign(this, { connectionId, duration, reply });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fired when the server monitor’s ismaster fails, either with an “ok: 0” or a socket exception.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} duration The execution time of the event in ms
+ * @param {MongoError|Object} failure The command failure
+ * @param {Object} connectionId The connection id for the command
+ */
+class ServerHeartbeatFailedEvent {
+  constructor(duration, failure, connectionId) {
+    Object.assign(this, { connectionId, duration, failure });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  ServerDescriptionChangedEvent,
+  ServerOpeningEvent,
+  ServerClosedEvent,
+  TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent,
+  TopologyOpeningEvent,
+  TopologyClosedEvent,
+  ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent,
+  ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent,
+  ServerHeartbeatFailedEvent
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/monitor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/monitor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..701fb59b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/monitor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ServerType = require('./common').ServerType;
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const connect = require('../connection/connect');
+const Connection = require('../../cmap/connection').Connection;
+const common = require('./common');
+const makeStateMachine = require('../utils').makeStateMachine;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const BSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON();
+const makeInterruptableAsyncInterval = require('../../utils').makeInterruptableAsyncInterval;
+const calculateDurationInMs = require('../../utils').calculateDurationInMs;
+const now = require('../../utils').now;
+
+const sdamEvents = require('./events');
+const ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent = sdamEvents.ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent;
+const ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent = sdamEvents.ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent;
+const ServerHeartbeatFailedEvent = sdamEvents.ServerHeartbeatFailedEvent;
+
+const kServer = Symbol('server');
+const kMonitorId = Symbol('monitorId');
+const kConnection = Symbol('connection');
+const kCancellationToken = Symbol('cancellationToken');
+const kRTTPinger = Symbol('rttPinger');
+const kRoundTripTime = Symbol('roundTripTime');
+
+const STATE_CLOSED = common.STATE_CLOSED;
+const STATE_CLOSING = common.STATE_CLOSING;
+const STATE_IDLE = 'idle';
+const STATE_MONITORING = 'monitoring';
+const stateTransition = makeStateMachine({
+  [STATE_CLOSING]: [STATE_CLOSING, STATE_IDLE, STATE_CLOSED],
+  [STATE_CLOSED]: [STATE_CLOSED, STATE_MONITORING],
+  [STATE_IDLE]: [STATE_IDLE, STATE_MONITORING, STATE_CLOSING],
+  [STATE_MONITORING]: [STATE_MONITORING, STATE_IDLE, STATE_CLOSING]
+});
+
+const INVALID_REQUEST_CHECK_STATES = new Set([STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CLOSED, STATE_MONITORING]);
+
+function isInCloseState(monitor) {
+  return monitor.s.state === STATE_CLOSED || monitor.s.state === STATE_CLOSING;
+}
+
+class Monitor extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(server, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this[kServer] = server;
+    this[kConnection] = undefined;
+    this[kCancellationToken] = new EventEmitter();
+    this[kCancellationToken].setMaxListeners(Infinity);
+    this[kMonitorId] = null;
+    this.s = {
+      state: STATE_CLOSED
+    };
+
+    this.address = server.description.address;
+    this.options = Object.freeze({
+      connectTimeoutMS:
+        typeof options.connectionTimeout === 'number'
+          ? options.connectionTimeout
+          : typeof options.connectTimeoutMS === 'number'
+          ? options.connectTimeoutMS
+          : 10000,
+      heartbeatFrequencyMS:
+        typeof options.heartbeatFrequencyMS === 'number' ? options.heartbeatFrequencyMS : 10000,
+      minHeartbeatFrequencyMS:
+        typeof options.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS === 'number' ? options.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS : 500
+    });
+
+    // TODO: refactor this to pull it directly from the pool, requires new ConnectionPool integration
+    const connectOptions = Object.assign(
+      {
+        id: '<monitor>',
+        host: server.description.host,
+        port: server.description.port,
+        bson: server.s.bson,
+        connectionType: Connection
+      },
+      server.s.options,
+      this.options,
+
+      // force BSON serialization options
+      {
+        raw: false,
+        promoteLongs: true,
+        promoteValues: true,
+        promoteBuffers: true
+      }
+    );
+
+    // ensure no authentication is used for monitoring
+    delete connectOptions.credentials;
+
+    // ensure encryption is not requested for monitoring
+    delete connectOptions.autoEncrypter;
+
+    this.connectOptions = Object.freeze(connectOptions);
+  }
+
+  connect() {
+    if (this.s.state !== STATE_CLOSED) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // start
+    const heartbeatFrequencyMS = this.options.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+    const minHeartbeatFrequencyMS = this.options.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS;
+    this[kMonitorId] = makeInterruptableAsyncInterval(monitorServer(this), {
+      interval: heartbeatFrequencyMS,
+      minInterval: minHeartbeatFrequencyMS,
+      immediate: true
+    });
+  }
+
+  requestCheck() {
+    if (INVALID_REQUEST_CHECK_STATES.has(this.s.state)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this[kMonitorId].wake();
+  }
+
+  reset() {
+    const topologyVersion = this[kServer].description.topologyVersion;
+    if (isInCloseState(this) || topologyVersion == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSING);
+    resetMonitorState(this);
+
+    // restart monitor
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_IDLE);
+
+    // restart monitoring
+    const heartbeatFrequencyMS = this.options.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+    const minHeartbeatFrequencyMS = this.options.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS;
+    this[kMonitorId] = makeInterruptableAsyncInterval(monitorServer(this), {
+      interval: heartbeatFrequencyMS,
+      minInterval: minHeartbeatFrequencyMS
+    });
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    if (isInCloseState(this)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSING);
+    resetMonitorState(this);
+
+    // close monitor
+    this.emit('close');
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSED);
+  }
+}
+
+function resetMonitorState(monitor) {
+  if (monitor[kMonitorId]) {
+    monitor[kMonitorId].stop();
+    monitor[kMonitorId] = null;
+  }
+
+  if (monitor[kRTTPinger]) {
+    monitor[kRTTPinger].close();
+    monitor[kRTTPinger] = undefined;
+  }
+
+  monitor[kCancellationToken].emit('cancel');
+  if (monitor[kMonitorId]) {
+    clearTimeout(monitor[kMonitorId]);
+    monitor[kMonitorId] = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (monitor[kConnection]) {
+    monitor[kConnection].destroy({ force: true });
+  }
+}
+
+function checkServer(monitor, callback) {
+  let start = now();
+  monitor.emit('serverHeartbeatStarted', new ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent(monitor.address));
+
+  function failureHandler(err) {
+    if (monitor[kConnection]) {
+      monitor[kConnection].destroy({ force: true });
+      monitor[kConnection] = undefined;
+    }
+
+    monitor.emit(
+      'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+      new ServerHeartbeatFailedEvent(calculateDurationInMs(start), err, monitor.address)
+    );
+
+    monitor.emit('resetServer', err);
+    monitor.emit('resetConnectionPool');
+    callback(err);
+  }
+
+  if (monitor[kConnection] != null && !monitor[kConnection].closed) {
+    const connectTimeoutMS = monitor.options.connectTimeoutMS;
+    const maxAwaitTimeMS = monitor.options.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+    const topologyVersion = monitor[kServer].description.topologyVersion;
+    const isAwaitable = topologyVersion != null;
+
+    const cmd = { ismaster: true };
+    const options = { socketTimeout: connectTimeoutMS };
+
+    if (isAwaitable) {
+      cmd.maxAwaitTimeMS = maxAwaitTimeMS;
+      cmd.topologyVersion = makeTopologyVersion(topologyVersion);
+      if (connectTimeoutMS) {
+        options.socketTimeout = connectTimeoutMS + maxAwaitTimeMS;
+      }
+      options.exhaustAllowed = true;
+      if (monitor[kRTTPinger] == null) {
+        monitor[kRTTPinger] = new RTTPinger(monitor[kCancellationToken], monitor.connectOptions);
+      }
+    }
+
+    monitor[kConnection].command('admin.$cmd', cmd, options, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        failureHandler(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const isMaster = result.result;
+      const rttPinger = monitor[kRTTPinger];
+
+      const duration =
+        isAwaitable && rttPinger ? rttPinger.roundTripTime : calculateDurationInMs(start);
+
+      monitor.emit(
+        'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+        new ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent(duration, isMaster, monitor.address)
+      );
+
+      // if we are using the streaming protocol then we immediately issue another `started`
+      // event, otherwise the "check" is complete and return to the main monitor loop
+      if (isAwaitable && isMaster.topologyVersion) {
+        monitor.emit('serverHeartbeatStarted', new ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent(monitor.address));
+        start = now();
+      } else {
+        if (monitor[kRTTPinger]) {
+          monitor[kRTTPinger].close();
+          monitor[kRTTPinger] = undefined;
+        }
+
+        callback(undefined, isMaster);
+      }
+    });
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // connecting does an implicit `ismaster`
+  connect(monitor.connectOptions, monitor[kCancellationToken], (err, conn) => {
+    if (conn && isInCloseState(monitor)) {
+      conn.destroy({ force: true });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (err) {
+      monitor[kConnection] = undefined;
+
+      // we already reset the connection pool on network errors in all cases
+      if (!(err instanceof MongoNetworkError)) {
+        monitor.emit('resetConnectionPool');
+      }
+
+      failureHandler(err);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    monitor[kConnection] = conn;
+    monitor.emit(
+      'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+      new ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent(
+        calculateDurationInMs(start),
+        conn.ismaster,
+        monitor.address
+      )
+    );
+
+    callback(undefined, conn.ismaster);
+  });
+}
+
+function monitorServer(monitor) {
+  return callback => {
+    stateTransition(monitor, STATE_MONITORING);
+    function done() {
+      if (!isInCloseState(monitor)) {
+        stateTransition(monitor, STATE_IDLE);
+      }
+
+      callback();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: the next line is a legacy event, remove in v4
+    process.nextTick(() => monitor.emit('monitoring', monitor[kServer]));
+
+    checkServer(monitor, (err, isMaster) => {
+      if (err) {
+        // otherwise an error occured on initial discovery, also bail
+        if (monitor[kServer].description.type === ServerType.Unknown) {
+          monitor.emit('resetServer', err);
+          return done();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // if the check indicates streaming is supported, immediately reschedule monitoring
+      if (isMaster && isMaster.topologyVersion) {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          if (!isInCloseState(monitor)) {
+            monitor[kMonitorId].wake();
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      done();
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+function makeTopologyVersion(tv) {
+  return {
+    processId: tv.processId,
+    counter: BSON.Long.fromNumber(tv.counter)
+  };
+}
+
+class RTTPinger {
+  constructor(cancellationToken, options) {
+    this[kConnection] = null;
+    this[kCancellationToken] = cancellationToken;
+    this[kRoundTripTime] = 0;
+    this.closed = false;
+
+    const heartbeatFrequencyMS = options.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+    this[kMonitorId] = setTimeout(() => measureRoundTripTime(this, options), heartbeatFrequencyMS);
+  }
+
+  get roundTripTime() {
+    return this[kRoundTripTime];
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    this.closed = true;
+
+    clearTimeout(this[kMonitorId]);
+    this[kMonitorId] = undefined;
+
+    if (this[kConnection]) {
+      this[kConnection].destroy({ force: true });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function measureRoundTripTime(rttPinger, options) {
+  const start = now();
+  const cancellationToken = rttPinger[kCancellationToken];
+  const heartbeatFrequencyMS = options.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+  if (rttPinger.closed) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  function measureAndReschedule(conn) {
+    if (rttPinger.closed) {
+      conn.destroy({ force: true });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (rttPinger[kConnection] == null) {
+      rttPinger[kConnection] = conn;
+    }
+
+    rttPinger[kRoundTripTime] = calculateDurationInMs(start);
+    rttPinger[kMonitorId] = setTimeout(
+      () => measureRoundTripTime(rttPinger, options),
+      heartbeatFrequencyMS
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (rttPinger[kConnection] == null) {
+    connect(options, cancellationToken, (err, conn) => {
+      if (err) {
+        rttPinger[kConnection] = undefined;
+        rttPinger[kRoundTripTime] = 0;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      measureAndReschedule(conn);
+    });
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  rttPinger[kConnection].command('admin.$cmd', { ismaster: 1 }, err => {
+    if (err) {
+      rttPinger[kConnection] = undefined;
+      rttPinger[kRoundTripTime] = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    measureAndReschedule();
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  Monitor
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26aeb5ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server.js
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+'use strict';
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const ConnectionPool = require('../../cmap/connection_pool').ConnectionPool;
+const CMAP_EVENT_NAMES = require('../../cmap/events').CMAP_EVENT_NAMES;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const relayEvents = require('../utils').relayEvents;
+const BSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON();
+const Logger = require('../connection/logger');
+const ServerDescription = require('./server_description').ServerDescription;
+const compareTopologyVersion = require('./server_description').compareTopologyVersion;
+const ReadPreference = require('../topologies/read_preference');
+const Monitor = require('./monitor').Monitor;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const MongoNetworkTimeoutError = require('../error').MongoNetworkTimeoutError;
+const collationNotSupported = require('../utils').collationNotSupported;
+const debugOptions = require('../connection/utils').debugOptions;
+const isSDAMUnrecoverableError = require('../error').isSDAMUnrecoverableError;
+const isRetryableWriteError = require('../error').isRetryableWriteError;
+const isNodeShuttingDownError = require('../error').isNodeShuttingDownError;
+const isNetworkErrorBeforeHandshake = require('../error').isNetworkErrorBeforeHandshake;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+const makeStateMachine = require('../utils').makeStateMachine;
+const common = require('./common');
+const ServerType = common.ServerType;
+const isTransactionCommand = require('../transactions').isTransactionCommand;
+
+// Used for filtering out fields for logging
+const DEBUG_FIELDS = [
+  'reconnect',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'reconnectInterval',
+  'emitError',
+  'cursorFactory',
+  'host',
+  'port',
+  'size',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'noDelay',
+  'connectionTimeout',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'socketTimeout',
+  'ssl',
+  'ca',
+  'crl',
+  'cert',
+  'key',
+  'rejectUnauthorized',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'servername'
+];
+
+const STATE_CLOSING = common.STATE_CLOSING;
+const STATE_CLOSED = common.STATE_CLOSED;
+const STATE_CONNECTING = common.STATE_CONNECTING;
+const STATE_CONNECTED = common.STATE_CONNECTED;
+const stateTransition = makeStateMachine({
+  [STATE_CLOSED]: [STATE_CLOSED, STATE_CONNECTING],
+  [STATE_CONNECTING]: [STATE_CONNECTING, STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CONNECTED, STATE_CLOSED],
+  [STATE_CONNECTED]: [STATE_CONNECTED, STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CLOSED],
+  [STATE_CLOSING]: [STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CLOSED]
+});
+
+const kMonitor = Symbol('monitor');
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @fires Server#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @fires Server#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @fires Server#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ */
+class Server extends EventEmitter {
+  /**
+   * Create a server
+   *
+   * @param {ServerDescription} description
+   * @param {Object} options
+   */
+  constructor(description, options, topology) {
+    super();
+
+    this.s = {
+      // the server description
+      description,
+      // a saved copy of the incoming options
+      options,
+      // the server logger
+      logger: Logger('Server', options),
+      // the bson parser
+      bson:
+        options.bson ||
+        new BSON([
+          BSON.Binary,
+          BSON.Code,
+          BSON.DBRef,
+          BSON.Decimal128,
+          BSON.Double,
+          BSON.Int32,
+          BSON.Long,
+          BSON.Map,
+          BSON.MaxKey,
+          BSON.MinKey,
+          BSON.ObjectId,
+          BSON.BSONRegExp,
+          BSON.Symbol,
+          BSON.Timestamp
+        ]),
+      // the server state
+      state: STATE_CLOSED,
+      credentials: options.credentials,
+      topology
+    };
+
+    // create the connection pool
+    // NOTE: this used to happen in `connect`, we supported overriding pool options there
+    const poolOptions = Object.assign(
+      { host: this.description.host, port: this.description.port, bson: this.s.bson },
+      options
+    );
+
+    this.s.pool = new ConnectionPool(poolOptions);
+    relayEvents(
+      this.s.pool,
+      this,
+      ['commandStarted', 'commandSucceeded', 'commandFailed'].concat(CMAP_EVENT_NAMES)
+    );
+
+    this.s.pool.on('clusterTimeReceived', clusterTime => {
+      this.clusterTime = clusterTime;
+    });
+
+    // create the monitor
+    this[kMonitor] = new Monitor(this, this.s.options);
+    relayEvents(this[kMonitor], this, [
+      'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+      'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+      'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+
+      // legacy events
+      'monitoring'
+    ]);
+
+    this[kMonitor].on('resetConnectionPool', () => {
+      this.s.pool.clear();
+    });
+
+    this[kMonitor].on('resetServer', error => markServerUnknown(this, error));
+    this[kMonitor].on('serverHeartbeatSucceeded', event => {
+      this.emit(
+        'descriptionReceived',
+        new ServerDescription(this.description.address, event.reply, {
+          roundTripTime: calculateRoundTripTime(this.description.roundTripTime, event.duration)
+        })
+      );
+
+      if (this.s.state === STATE_CONNECTING) {
+        stateTransition(this, STATE_CONNECTED);
+        this.emit('connect', this);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  get description() {
+    return this.s.description;
+  }
+
+  get name() {
+    return this.s.description.address;
+  }
+
+  get autoEncrypter() {
+    if (this.s.options && this.s.options.autoEncrypter) {
+      return this.s.options.autoEncrypter;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initiate server connect
+   */
+  connect() {
+    if (this.s.state !== STATE_CLOSED) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CONNECTING);
+    this[kMonitor].connect();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Destroy the server connection
+   *
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.force=false] Force destroy the pool
+   */
+  destroy(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = Object.assign({}, { force: false }, options);
+
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback();
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSING);
+
+    this[kMonitor].close();
+    this.s.pool.close(options, err => {
+      stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSED);
+      this.emit('closed');
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(err);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Immediately schedule monitoring of this server. If there already an attempt being made
+   * this will be a no-op.
+   */
+  requestCheck() {
+    this[kMonitor].requestCheck();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command
+   *
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {object} cmd The command hash
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] Specify if the bson parser should validate keys.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.fullResult=false] Return the full envelope instead of just the result document.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  command(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CLOSING || this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+      callback(new MongoError('server is closed'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const error = basicReadValidations(this, options);
+    if (error) {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+
+    // Clone the options
+    options = Object.assign({}, options, { wireProtocolCommand: false });
+
+    // Debug log
+    if (this.s.logger.isDebug()) {
+      this.s.logger.debug(
+        `executing command [${JSON.stringify({
+          ns,
+          cmd,
+          options: debugOptions(DEBUG_FIELDS, options)
+        })}] against ${this.name}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    // error if collation not supported
+    if (collationNotSupported(this, cmd)) {
+      callback(new MongoError(`server ${this.name} does not support collation`));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.s.pool.withConnection((err, conn, cb) => {
+      if (err) {
+        markServerUnknown(this, err);
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+
+      conn.command(ns, cmd, options, makeOperationHandler(this, conn, cmd, options, cb));
+    }, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a query against the server
+   *
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {object} cmd The command document for the query
+   * @param {object} options Optional settings
+   * @param {function} callback
+   */
+  query(ns, cmd, cursorState, options, callback) {
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CLOSING || this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+      callback(new MongoError('server is closed'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.s.pool.withConnection((err, conn, cb) => {
+      if (err) {
+        markServerUnknown(this, err);
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+
+      conn.query(ns, cmd, cursorState, options, makeOperationHandler(this, conn, cmd, options, cb));
+    }, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a `getMore` against the server
+   *
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {object} cursorState State data associated with the cursor calling this method
+   * @param {object} options Optional settings
+   * @param {function} callback
+   */
+  getMore(ns, cursorState, batchSize, options, callback) {
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CLOSING || this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+      callback(new MongoError('server is closed'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.s.pool.withConnection((err, conn, cb) => {
+      if (err) {
+        markServerUnknown(this, err);
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+
+      conn.getMore(
+        ns,
+        cursorState,
+        batchSize,
+        options,
+        makeOperationHandler(this, conn, null, options, cb)
+      );
+    }, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a `killCursors` command against the server
+   *
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {object} cursorState State data associated with the cursor calling this method
+   * @param {function} callback
+   */
+  killCursors(ns, cursorState, callback) {
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CLOSING || this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(new MongoError('server is closed'));
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.s.pool.withConnection((err, conn, cb) => {
+      if (err) {
+        markServerUnknown(this, err);
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+
+      conn.killCursors(ns, cursorState, makeOperationHandler(this, conn, null, undefined, cb));
+    }, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Insert one or more documents
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {array} ops An array of documents to insert
+   * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+   * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  insert(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    executeWriteOperation({ server: this, op: 'insert', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform one or more update operations
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {array} ops An array of updates
+   * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+   * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  update(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    executeWriteOperation({ server: this, op: 'update', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform one or more remove operations
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {array} ops An array of removes
+   * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+   * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  remove(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    executeWriteOperation({ server: this, op: 'remove', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'clusterTime', {
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.topology.clusterTime;
+  },
+  set: function(clusterTime) {
+    this.s.topology.clusterTime = clusterTime;
+  }
+});
+
+function supportsRetryableWrites(server) {
+  return (
+    server.description.maxWireVersion >= 6 &&
+    server.description.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes &&
+    server.description.type !== ServerType.Standalone
+  );
+}
+
+function calculateRoundTripTime(oldRtt, duration) {
+  if (oldRtt === -1) {
+    return duration;
+  }
+
+  const alpha = 0.2;
+  return alpha * duration + (1 - alpha) * oldRtt;
+}
+
+function basicReadValidations(server, options) {
+  if (options.readPreference && !(options.readPreference instanceof ReadPreference)) {
+    return new MongoError('readPreference must be an instance of ReadPreference');
+  }
+}
+
+function executeWriteOperation(args, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // TODO: once we drop Node 4, use destructuring either here or in arguments.
+  const server = args.server;
+  const op = args.op;
+  const ns = args.ns;
+  const ops = Array.isArray(args.ops) ? args.ops : [args.ops];
+
+  if (server.s.state === STATE_CLOSING || server.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+    callback(new MongoError('server is closed'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (collationNotSupported(server, options)) {
+    callback(new MongoError(`server ${server.name} does not support collation`));
+    return;
+  }
+  const unacknowledgedWrite = options.writeConcern && options.writeConcern.w === 0;
+  if (unacknowledgedWrite || maxWireVersion(server) < 5) {
+    if ((op === 'update' || op === 'remove') && ops.find(o => o.hint)) {
+      callback(new MongoError(`servers < 3.4 do not support hint on ${op}`));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  server.s.pool.withConnection((err, conn, cb) => {
+    if (err) {
+      markServerUnknown(server, err);
+      return cb(err);
+    }
+
+    conn[op](ns, ops, options, makeOperationHandler(server, conn, ops, options, cb));
+  }, callback);
+}
+
+function markServerUnknown(server, error) {
+  if (error instanceof MongoNetworkError && !(error instanceof MongoNetworkTimeoutError)) {
+    server[kMonitor].reset();
+  }
+
+  server.emit(
+    'descriptionReceived',
+    new ServerDescription(server.description.address, null, {
+      error,
+      topologyVersion:
+        error && error.topologyVersion ? error.topologyVersion : server.description.topologyVersion
+    })
+  );
+}
+
+function connectionIsStale(pool, connection) {
+  return connection.generation !== pool.generation;
+}
+
+function shouldHandleStateChangeError(server, err) {
+  const etv = err.topologyVersion;
+  const stv = server.description.topologyVersion;
+
+  return compareTopologyVersion(stv, etv) < 0;
+}
+
+function inActiveTransaction(session, cmd) {
+  return session && session.inTransaction() && !isTransactionCommand(cmd);
+}
+
+function makeOperationHandler(server, connection, cmd, options, callback) {
+  const session = options && options.session;
+
+  return function handleOperationResult(err, result) {
+    if (err && !connectionIsStale(server.s.pool, connection)) {
+      if (err instanceof MongoNetworkError) {
+        if (session && !session.hasEnded) {
+          session.serverSession.isDirty = true;
+        }
+
+        if (supportsRetryableWrites(server) && !inActiveTransaction(session, cmd)) {
+          err.addErrorLabel('RetryableWriteError');
+        }
+
+        if (!(err instanceof MongoNetworkTimeoutError) || isNetworkErrorBeforeHandshake(err)) {
+          markServerUnknown(server, err);
+          server.s.pool.clear();
+        }
+      } else {
+        // if pre-4.4 server, then add error label if its a retryable write error
+        if (
+          maxWireVersion(server) < 9 &&
+          isRetryableWriteError(err) &&
+          !inActiveTransaction(session, cmd)
+        ) {
+          err.addErrorLabel('RetryableWriteError');
+        }
+
+        if (isSDAMUnrecoverableError(err)) {
+          if (shouldHandleStateChangeError(server, err)) {
+            if (maxWireVersion(server) <= 7 || isNodeShuttingDownError(err)) {
+              server.s.pool.clear();
+            }
+
+            markServerUnknown(server, err);
+            process.nextTick(() => server.requestCheck());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    callback(err, result);
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  Server
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server_description.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server_description.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bb7d2691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server_description.js
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const arrayStrictEqual = require('../utils').arrayStrictEqual;
+const tagsStrictEqual = require('../utils').tagsStrictEqual;
+const errorStrictEqual = require('../utils').errorStrictEqual;
+const ServerType = require('./common').ServerType;
+const now = require('../../utils').now;
+
+const WRITABLE_SERVER_TYPES = new Set([
+  ServerType.RSPrimary,
+  ServerType.Standalone,
+  ServerType.Mongos
+]);
+
+const DATA_BEARING_SERVER_TYPES = new Set([
+  ServerType.RSPrimary,
+  ServerType.RSSecondary,
+  ServerType.Mongos,
+  ServerType.Standalone
+]);
+
+const ISMASTER_FIELDS = [
+  'minWireVersion',
+  'maxWireVersion',
+  'maxBsonObjectSize',
+  'maxMessageSizeBytes',
+  'maxWriteBatchSize',
+  'compression',
+  'me',
+  'hosts',
+  'passives',
+  'arbiters',
+  'tags',
+  'setName',
+  'setVersion',
+  'electionId',
+  'primary',
+  'logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes',
+  'saslSupportedMechs',
+  '__nodejs_mock_server__',
+  '$clusterTime'
+];
+
+/**
+ * The client's view of a single server, based on the most recent ismaster outcome.
+ *
+ * Internal type, not meant to be directly instantiated
+ */
+class ServerDescription {
+  /**
+   * Create a ServerDescription
+   * @param {String} address The address of the server
+   * @param {Object} [ismaster] An optional ismaster response for this server
+   * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {Number} [options.roundTripTime] The round trip time to ping this server (in ms)
+   * @param {Error} [options.error] An Error used for better reporting debugging
+   * @param {any} [options.topologyVersion] The topologyVersion
+   */
+  constructor(address, ismaster, options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    ismaster = Object.assign(
+      {
+        minWireVersion: 0,
+        maxWireVersion: 0,
+        hosts: [],
+        passives: [],
+        arbiters: [],
+        tags: []
+      },
+      ismaster
+    );
+
+    this.address = address;
+    this.error = options.error;
+    this.roundTripTime = options.roundTripTime || -1;
+    this.lastUpdateTime = now();
+    this.lastWriteDate = ismaster.lastWrite ? ismaster.lastWrite.lastWriteDate : null;
+    this.opTime = ismaster.lastWrite ? ismaster.lastWrite.opTime : null;
+    this.type = parseServerType(ismaster);
+    this.topologyVersion = options.topologyVersion || ismaster.topologyVersion;
+
+    // direct mappings
+    ISMASTER_FIELDS.forEach(field => {
+      if (typeof ismaster[field] !== 'undefined') this[field] = ismaster[field];
+    });
+
+    // normalize case for hosts
+    if (this.me) this.me = this.me.toLowerCase();
+    this.hosts = this.hosts.map(host => host.toLowerCase());
+    this.passives = this.passives.map(host => host.toLowerCase());
+    this.arbiters = this.arbiters.map(host => host.toLowerCase());
+  }
+
+  get allHosts() {
+    return this.hosts.concat(this.arbiters).concat(this.passives);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {Boolean} Is this server available for reads
+   */
+  get isReadable() {
+    return this.type === ServerType.RSSecondary || this.isWritable;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {Boolean} Is this server data bearing
+   */
+  get isDataBearing() {
+    return DATA_BEARING_SERVER_TYPES.has(this.type);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return {Boolean} Is this server available for writes
+   */
+  get isWritable() {
+    return WRITABLE_SERVER_TYPES.has(this.type);
+  }
+
+  get host() {
+    const chopLength = `:${this.port}`.length;
+    return this.address.slice(0, -chopLength);
+  }
+
+  get port() {
+    const port = this.address.split(':').pop();
+    return port ? Number.parseInt(port, 10) : port;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if another `ServerDescription` is equal to this one per the rules defined
+   * in the {@link https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/server-discovery-and-monitoring/server-discovery-and-monitoring.rst#serverdescription|SDAM spec}
+   *
+   * @param {ServerDescription} other
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   */
+  equals(other) {
+    const topologyVersionsEqual =
+      this.topologyVersion === other.topologyVersion ||
+      compareTopologyVersion(this.topologyVersion, other.topologyVersion) === 0;
+
+    return (
+      other != null &&
+      errorStrictEqual(this.error, other.error) &&
+      this.type === other.type &&
+      this.minWireVersion === other.minWireVersion &&
+      this.me === other.me &&
+      arrayStrictEqual(this.hosts, other.hosts) &&
+      tagsStrictEqual(this.tags, other.tags) &&
+      this.setName === other.setName &&
+      this.setVersion === other.setVersion &&
+      (this.electionId
+        ? other.electionId && this.electionId.equals(other.electionId)
+        : this.electionId === other.electionId) &&
+      this.primary === other.primary &&
+      this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes === other.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes &&
+      topologyVersionsEqual
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses an `ismaster` message and determines the server type
+ *
+ * @param {Object} ismaster The `ismaster` message to parse
+ * @return {ServerType}
+ */
+function parseServerType(ismaster) {
+  if (!ismaster || !ismaster.ok) {
+    return ServerType.Unknown;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.isreplicaset) {
+    return ServerType.RSGhost;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.msg && ismaster.msg === 'isdbgrid') {
+    return ServerType.Mongos;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.setName) {
+    if (ismaster.hidden) {
+      return ServerType.RSOther;
+    } else if (ismaster.ismaster) {
+      return ServerType.RSPrimary;
+    } else if (ismaster.secondary) {
+      return ServerType.RSSecondary;
+    } else if (ismaster.arbiterOnly) {
+      return ServerType.RSArbiter;
+    } else {
+      return ServerType.RSOther;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ServerType.Standalone;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compares two topology versions.
+ *
+ * @param {object} lhs
+ * @param {object} rhs
+ * @returns A negative number if `lhs` is older than `rhs`; positive if `lhs` is newer than `rhs`; 0 if they are equivalent.
+ */
+function compareTopologyVersion(lhs, rhs) {
+  if (lhs == null || rhs == null) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (lhs.processId.equals(rhs.processId)) {
+    // TODO: handle counters as Longs
+    if (lhs.counter === rhs.counter) {
+      return 0;
+    } else if (lhs.counter < rhs.counter) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  ServerDescription,
+  parseServerType,
+  compareTopologyVersion
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server_selection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server_selection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80d86ec80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/server_selection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+'use strict';
+const ServerType = require('./common').ServerType;
+const TopologyType = require('./common').TopologyType;
+const ReadPreference = require('../topologies/read_preference');
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+
+// max staleness constants
+const IDLE_WRITE_PERIOD = 10000;
+const SMALLEST_MAX_STALENESS_SECONDS = 90;
+
+/**
+ * Returns a server selector that selects for writable servers
+ */
+function writableServerSelector() {
+  return function(topologyDescription, servers) {
+    return latencyWindowReducer(
+      topologyDescription,
+      servers.filter(s => s.isWritable)
+    );
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reduces the passed in array of servers by the rules of the "Max Staleness" specification
+ * found here: https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/max-staleness/max-staleness.rst
+ *
+ * @param {ReadPreference} readPreference The read preference providing max staleness guidance
+ * @param {topologyDescription} topologyDescription The topology description
+ * @param {ServerDescription[]} servers The list of server descriptions to be reduced
+ * @return {ServerDescription[]} The list of servers that satisfy the requirements of max staleness
+ */
+function maxStalenessReducer(readPreference, topologyDescription, servers) {
+  if (readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds == null || readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds < 0) {
+    return servers;
+  }
+
+  const maxStaleness = readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds;
+  const maxStalenessVariance =
+    (topologyDescription.heartbeatFrequencyMS + IDLE_WRITE_PERIOD) / 1000;
+  if (maxStaleness < maxStalenessVariance) {
+    throw new MongoError(`maxStalenessSeconds must be at least ${maxStalenessVariance} seconds`);
+  }
+
+  if (maxStaleness < SMALLEST_MAX_STALENESS_SECONDS) {
+    throw new MongoError(
+      `maxStalenessSeconds must be at least ${SMALLEST_MAX_STALENESS_SECONDS} seconds`
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (topologyDescription.type === TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary) {
+    const primary = Array.from(topologyDescription.servers.values()).filter(primaryFilter)[0];
+    return servers.reduce((result, server) => {
+      const stalenessMS =
+        server.lastUpdateTime -
+        server.lastWriteDate -
+        (primary.lastUpdateTime - primary.lastWriteDate) +
+        topologyDescription.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+
+      const staleness = stalenessMS / 1000;
+      if (staleness <= readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds) result.push(server);
+      return result;
+    }, []);
+  }
+
+  if (topologyDescription.type === TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary) {
+    if (servers.length === 0) {
+      return servers;
+    }
+
+    const sMax = servers.reduce((max, s) => (s.lastWriteDate > max.lastWriteDate ? s : max));
+    return servers.reduce((result, server) => {
+      const stalenessMS =
+        sMax.lastWriteDate - server.lastWriteDate + topologyDescription.heartbeatFrequencyMS;
+
+      const staleness = stalenessMS / 1000;
+      if (staleness <= readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds) result.push(server);
+      return result;
+    }, []);
+  }
+
+  return servers;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether a server's tags match a given set of tags
+ *
+ * @param {String[]} tagSet The requested tag set to match
+ * @param {String[]} serverTags The server's tags
+ */
+function tagSetMatch(tagSet, serverTags) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(tagSet);
+  const serverTagKeys = Object.keys(serverTags);
+  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+    const key = keys[i];
+    if (serverTagKeys.indexOf(key) === -1 || serverTags[key] !== tagSet[key]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reduces a set of server descriptions based on tags requested by the read preference
+ *
+ * @param {ReadPreference} readPreference The read preference providing the requested tags
+ * @param {ServerDescription[]} servers The list of server descriptions to reduce
+ * @return {ServerDescription[]} The list of servers matching the requested tags
+ */
+function tagSetReducer(readPreference, servers) {
+  if (
+    readPreference.tags == null ||
+    (Array.isArray(readPreference.tags) && readPreference.tags.length === 0)
+  ) {
+    return servers;
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < readPreference.tags.length; ++i) {
+    const tagSet = readPreference.tags[i];
+    const serversMatchingTagset = servers.reduce((matched, server) => {
+      if (tagSetMatch(tagSet, server.tags)) matched.push(server);
+      return matched;
+    }, []);
+
+    if (serversMatchingTagset.length) {
+      return serversMatchingTagset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reduces a list of servers to ensure they fall within an acceptable latency window. This is
+ * further specified in the "Server Selection" specification, found here:
+ * https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/server-selection/server-selection.rst
+ *
+ * @param {topologyDescription} topologyDescription The topology description
+ * @param {ServerDescription[]} servers The list of servers to reduce
+ * @returns {ServerDescription[]} The servers which fall within an acceptable latency window
+ */
+function latencyWindowReducer(topologyDescription, servers) {
+  const low = servers.reduce(
+    (min, server) => (min === -1 ? server.roundTripTime : Math.min(server.roundTripTime, min)),
+    -1
+  );
+
+  const high = low + topologyDescription.localThresholdMS;
+
+  return servers.reduce((result, server) => {
+    if (server.roundTripTime <= high && server.roundTripTime >= low) result.push(server);
+    return result;
+  }, []);
+}
+
+// filters
+function primaryFilter(server) {
+  return server.type === ServerType.RSPrimary;
+}
+
+function secondaryFilter(server) {
+  return server.type === ServerType.RSSecondary;
+}
+
+function nearestFilter(server) {
+  return server.type === ServerType.RSSecondary || server.type === ServerType.RSPrimary;
+}
+
+function knownFilter(server) {
+  return server.type !== ServerType.Unknown;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function which selects servers based on a provided read preference
+ *
+ * @param {ReadPreference} readPreference The read preference to select with
+ */
+function readPreferenceServerSelector(readPreference) {
+  if (!readPreference.isValid()) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid read preference specified');
+  }
+
+  return function(topologyDescription, servers) {
+    const commonWireVersion = topologyDescription.commonWireVersion;
+    if (
+      commonWireVersion &&
+      readPreference.minWireVersion &&
+      readPreference.minWireVersion > commonWireVersion
+    ) {
+      throw new MongoError(
+        `Minimum wire version '${readPreference.minWireVersion}' required, but found '${commonWireVersion}'`
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (topologyDescription.type === TopologyType.Unknown) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    if (
+      topologyDescription.type === TopologyType.Single ||
+      topologyDescription.type === TopologyType.Sharded
+    ) {
+      return latencyWindowReducer(topologyDescription, servers.filter(knownFilter));
+    }
+
+    const mode = readPreference.mode;
+    if (mode === ReadPreference.PRIMARY) {
+      return servers.filter(primaryFilter);
+    }
+
+    if (mode === ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED) {
+      const result = servers.filter(primaryFilter);
+      if (result.length) {
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const filter = mode === ReadPreference.NEAREST ? nearestFilter : secondaryFilter;
+    const selectedServers = latencyWindowReducer(
+      topologyDescription,
+      tagSetReducer(
+        readPreference,
+        maxStalenessReducer(readPreference, topologyDescription, servers.filter(filter))
+      )
+    );
+
+    if (mode === ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED && selectedServers.length === 0) {
+      return servers.filter(primaryFilter);
+    }
+
+    return selectedServers;
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  writableServerSelector,
+  readPreferenceServerSelector
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/srv_polling.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/srv_polling.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c0b6ee2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/srv_polling.js
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Logger = require('../connection/logger');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const dns = require('dns');
+/**
+ * Determines whether a provided address matches the provided parent domain in order
+ * to avoid certain attack vectors.
+ *
+ * @param {String} srvAddress The address to check against a domain
+ * @param {String} parentDomain The domain to check the provided address against
+ * @return {Boolean} Whether the provided address matches the parent domain
+ */
+function matchesParentDomain(srvAddress, parentDomain) {
+  const regex = /^.*?\./;
+  const srv = `.${srvAddress.replace(regex, '')}`;
+  const parent = `.${parentDomain.replace(regex, '')}`;
+  return srv.endsWith(parent);
+}
+
+class SrvPollingEvent {
+  constructor(srvRecords) {
+    this.srvRecords = srvRecords;
+  }
+
+  addresses() {
+    return new Set(this.srvRecords.map(record => `${record.name}:${record.port}`));
+  }
+}
+
+class SrvPoller extends EventEmitter {
+  /**
+   * @param {object} options
+   * @param {string} options.srvHost
+   * @param {number} [options.heartbeatFrequencyMS]
+   * @param {function} [options.logger]
+   * @param {string} [options.loggerLevel]
+   */
+  constructor(options) {
+    super();
+
+    if (!options || !options.srvHost) {
+      throw new TypeError('options for SrvPoller must exist and include srvHost');
+    }
+
+    this.srvHost = options.srvHost;
+    this.rescanSrvIntervalMS = 60000;
+    this.heartbeatFrequencyMS = options.heartbeatFrequencyMS || 10000;
+    this.logger = Logger('srvPoller', options);
+
+    this.haMode = false;
+    this.generation = 0;
+
+    this._timeout = null;
+  }
+
+  get srvAddress() {
+    return `_mongodb._tcp.${this.srvHost}`;
+  }
+
+  get intervalMS() {
+    return this.haMode ? this.heartbeatFrequencyMS : this.rescanSrvIntervalMS;
+  }
+
+  start() {
+    if (!this._timeout) {
+      this.schedule();
+    }
+  }
+
+  stop() {
+    if (this._timeout) {
+      clearTimeout(this._timeout);
+      this.generation += 1;
+      this._timeout = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  schedule() {
+    clearTimeout(this._timeout);
+    this._timeout = setTimeout(() => this._poll(), this.intervalMS);
+  }
+
+  success(srvRecords) {
+    this.haMode = false;
+    this.schedule();
+    this.emit('srvRecordDiscovery', new SrvPollingEvent(srvRecords));
+  }
+
+  failure(message, obj) {
+    this.logger.warn(message, obj);
+    this.haMode = true;
+    this.schedule();
+  }
+
+  parentDomainMismatch(srvRecord) {
+    this.logger.warn(
+      `parent domain mismatch on SRV record (${srvRecord.name}:${srvRecord.port})`,
+      srvRecord
+    );
+  }
+
+  _poll() {
+    const generation = this.generation;
+    dns.resolveSrv(this.srvAddress, (err, srvRecords) => {
+      if (generation !== this.generation) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (err) {
+        this.failure('DNS error', err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const finalAddresses = [];
+      srvRecords.forEach(record => {
+        if (matchesParentDomain(record.name, this.srvHost)) {
+          finalAddresses.push(record);
+        } else {
+          this.parentDomainMismatch(record);
+        }
+      });
+
+      if (!finalAddresses.length) {
+        this.failure('No valid addresses found at host');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.success(finalAddresses);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports.SrvPollingEvent = SrvPollingEvent;
+module.exports.SrvPoller = SrvPoller;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/topology.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/topology.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ca73ee48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/topology.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1143 @@
+'use strict';
+const Denque = require('denque');
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const ServerDescription = require('./server_description').ServerDescription;
+const ServerType = require('./common').ServerType;
+const TopologyDescription = require('./topology_description').TopologyDescription;
+const TopologyType = require('./common').TopologyType;
+const events = require('./events');
+const Server = require('./server').Server;
+const relayEvents = require('../utils').relayEvents;
+const ReadPreference = require('../topologies/read_preference');
+const isRetryableWritesSupported = require('../topologies/shared').isRetryableWritesSupported;
+const CoreCursor = require('../cursor').CoreCursor;
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+const BSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON();
+const createCompressionInfo = require('../topologies/shared').createCompressionInfo;
+const ClientSession = require('../sessions').ClientSession;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const MongoServerSelectionError = require('../error').MongoServerSelectionError;
+const resolveClusterTime = require('../topologies/shared').resolveClusterTime;
+const SrvPoller = require('./srv_polling').SrvPoller;
+const getMMAPError = require('../topologies/shared').getMMAPError;
+const makeStateMachine = require('../utils').makeStateMachine;
+const eachAsync = require('../utils').eachAsync;
+const emitDeprecationWarning = require('../../utils').emitDeprecationWarning;
+const ServerSessionPool = require('../sessions').ServerSessionPool;
+const makeClientMetadata = require('../utils').makeClientMetadata;
+const CMAP_EVENT_NAMES = require('../../cmap/events').CMAP_EVENT_NAMES;
+const compareTopologyVersion = require('./server_description').compareTopologyVersion;
+const emitWarning = require('../../utils').emitWarning;
+
+const common = require('./common');
+const drainTimerQueue = common.drainTimerQueue;
+const clearAndRemoveTimerFrom = common.clearAndRemoveTimerFrom;
+
+const serverSelection = require('./server_selection');
+const readPreferenceServerSelector = serverSelection.readPreferenceServerSelector;
+const writableServerSelector = serverSelection.writableServerSelector;
+
+// Global state
+let globalTopologyCounter = 0;
+
+// events that we relay to the `Topology`
+const SERVER_RELAY_EVENTS = [
+  'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+  'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+  'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+  'commandStarted',
+  'commandSucceeded',
+  'commandFailed',
+
+  // NOTE: Legacy events
+  'monitoring'
+].concat(CMAP_EVENT_NAMES);
+
+// all events we listen to from `Server` instances
+const LOCAL_SERVER_EVENTS = ['connect', 'descriptionReceived', 'close', 'ended'];
+
+const STATE_CLOSING = common.STATE_CLOSING;
+const STATE_CLOSED = common.STATE_CLOSED;
+const STATE_CONNECTING = common.STATE_CONNECTING;
+const STATE_CONNECTED = common.STATE_CONNECTED;
+const stateTransition = makeStateMachine({
+  [STATE_CLOSED]: [STATE_CLOSED, STATE_CONNECTING],
+  [STATE_CONNECTING]: [STATE_CONNECTING, STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CONNECTED, STATE_CLOSED],
+  [STATE_CONNECTED]: [STATE_CONNECTED, STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CLOSED],
+  [STATE_CLOSING]: [STATE_CLOSING, STATE_CLOSED]
+});
+
+const DEPRECATED_OPTIONS = new Set([
+  'autoReconnect',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'reconnectInterval',
+  'bufferMaxEntries'
+]);
+
+const kCancelled = Symbol('cancelled');
+const kWaitQueue = Symbol('waitQueue');
+
+/**
+ * A container of server instances representing a connection to a MongoDB topology.
+ *
+ * @fires Topology#serverOpening
+ * @fires Topology#serverClosed
+ * @fires Topology#serverDescriptionChanged
+ * @fires Topology#topologyOpening
+ * @fires Topology#topologyClosed
+ * @fires Topology#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @fires Topology#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @fires Topology#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @fires Topology#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ */
+class Topology extends EventEmitter {
+  /**
+   * Create a topology
+   *
+   * @param {Array|String} [seedlist] a string list, or array of Server instances to connect to
+   * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {Number} [options.localThresholdMS=15] The size of the latency window for selecting among multiple suitable servers
+   * @param {Number} [options.serverSelectionTimeoutMS=30000] How long to block for server selection before throwing an error
+   * @param {Number} [options.heartbeatFrequencyMS=10000] The frequency with which topology updates are scheduled
+   */
+  constructor(seedlist, options) {
+    super();
+    if (typeof options === 'undefined' && typeof seedlist !== 'string') {
+      options = seedlist;
+      seedlist = [];
+
+      // this is for legacy single server constructor support
+      if (options.host) {
+        seedlist.push({ host: options.host, port: options.port });
+      }
+    }
+
+    seedlist = seedlist || [];
+    if (typeof seedlist === 'string') {
+      seedlist = parseStringSeedlist(seedlist);
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign({}, common.TOPOLOGY_DEFAULTS, options);
+    options = Object.freeze(
+      Object.assign(options, {
+        metadata: makeClientMetadata(options),
+        compression: { compressors: createCompressionInfo(options) }
+      })
+    );
+
+    DEPRECATED_OPTIONS.forEach(optionName => {
+      if (options[optionName]) {
+        emitDeprecationWarning(
+          `The option \`${optionName}\` is incompatible with the unified topology, please read more by visiting http://bit.ly/2D8WfT6`,
+          'DeprecationWarning'
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    const topologyType = topologyTypeFromSeedlist(seedlist, options);
+    const topologyId = globalTopologyCounter++;
+    const serverDescriptions = seedlist.reduce((result, seed) => {
+      if (seed.domain_socket) seed.host = seed.domain_socket;
+      const address = seed.port ? `${seed.host}:${seed.port}` : `${seed.host}:27017`;
+      result.set(address, new ServerDescription(address));
+      return result;
+    }, new Map());
+
+    this[kWaitQueue] = new Denque();
+    this.s = {
+      // the id of this topology
+      id: topologyId,
+      // passed in options
+      options,
+      // initial seedlist of servers to connect to
+      seedlist: seedlist,
+      // initial state
+      state: STATE_CLOSED,
+      // the topology description
+      description: new TopologyDescription(
+        topologyType,
+        serverDescriptions,
+        options.replicaSet,
+        null,
+        null,
+        null,
+        options
+      ),
+      serverSelectionTimeoutMS: options.serverSelectionTimeoutMS,
+      heartbeatFrequencyMS: options.heartbeatFrequencyMS,
+      minHeartbeatFrequencyMS: options.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS,
+      // allow users to override the cursor factory
+      Cursor: options.cursorFactory || CoreCursor,
+      // the bson parser
+      bson:
+        options.bson ||
+        new BSON([
+          BSON.Binary,
+          BSON.Code,
+          BSON.DBRef,
+          BSON.Decimal128,
+          BSON.Double,
+          BSON.Int32,
+          BSON.Long,
+          BSON.Map,
+          BSON.MaxKey,
+          BSON.MinKey,
+          BSON.ObjectId,
+          BSON.BSONRegExp,
+          BSON.Symbol,
+          BSON.Timestamp
+        ]),
+      // a map of server instances to normalized addresses
+      servers: new Map(),
+      // Server Session Pool
+      sessionPool: new ServerSessionPool(this),
+      // Active client sessions
+      sessions: new Set(),
+      // Promise library
+      promiseLibrary: options.promiseLibrary || Promise,
+      credentials: options.credentials,
+      clusterTime: null,
+
+      // timer management
+      connectionTimers: new Set()
+    };
+
+    if (options.srvHost) {
+      this.s.srvPoller =
+        options.srvPoller ||
+        new SrvPoller({
+          heartbeatFrequencyMS: this.s.heartbeatFrequencyMS,
+          srvHost: options.srvHost, // TODO: GET THIS
+          logger: options.logger,
+          loggerLevel: options.loggerLevel
+        });
+      this.s.detectTopologyDescriptionChange = ev => {
+        const previousType = ev.previousDescription.type;
+        const newType = ev.newDescription.type;
+
+        if (previousType !== TopologyType.Sharded && newType === TopologyType.Sharded) {
+          this.s.handleSrvPolling = srvPollingHandler(this);
+          this.s.srvPoller.on('srvRecordDiscovery', this.s.handleSrvPolling);
+          this.s.srvPoller.start();
+        }
+      };
+
+      this.on('topologyDescriptionChanged', this.s.detectTopologyDescriptionChange);
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: remove this when NODE-1709 is resolved
+    this.setMaxListeners(Infinity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return A `TopologyDescription` for this topology
+   */
+  get description() {
+    return this.s.description;
+  }
+
+  get parserType() {
+    return BSON.native ? 'c++' : 'js';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initiate server connect
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {Array} [options.auth=null] Array of auth options to apply on connect
+   * @param {function} [callback] An optional callback called once on the first connected server
+   */
+  connect(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = options || {};
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CONNECTED) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback();
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CONNECTING);
+
+    // emit SDAM monitoring events
+    this.emit('topologyOpening', new events.TopologyOpeningEvent(this.s.id));
+
+    // emit an event for the topology change
+    this.emit(
+      'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+      new events.TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(
+        this.s.id,
+        new TopologyDescription(TopologyType.Unknown), // initial is always Unknown
+        this.s.description
+      )
+    );
+
+    // connect all known servers, then attempt server selection to connect
+    connectServers(this, Array.from(this.s.description.servers.values()));
+
+    ReadPreference.translate(options);
+    const readPreference = options.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+    const connectHandler = err => {
+      if (err) {
+        this.close();
+
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+          callback(err);
+        } else {
+          this.emit('error', err);
+        }
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      stateTransition(this, STATE_CONNECTED);
+      this.emit('open', err, this);
+      this.emit('connect', this);
+
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(err, this);
+    };
+
+    // TODO: NODE-2471
+    if (this.s.credentials) {
+      this.command('admin.$cmd', { ping: 1 }, { readPreference }, connectHandler);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.selectServer(readPreferenceServerSelector(readPreference), options, connectHandler);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close this topology
+   */
+  close(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      options = {};
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options === 'boolean') {
+      options = { force: options };
+    }
+
+    options = options || {};
+    if (this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED || this.s.state === STATE_CLOSING) {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback();
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSING);
+
+    drainWaitQueue(this[kWaitQueue], new MongoError('Topology closed'));
+    drainTimerQueue(this.s.connectionTimers);
+
+    if (this.s.srvPoller) {
+      this.s.srvPoller.stop();
+      if (this.s.handleSrvPolling) {
+        this.s.srvPoller.removeListener('srvRecordDiscovery', this.s.handleSrvPolling);
+        delete this.s.handleSrvPolling;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.detectTopologyDescriptionChange) {
+      this.removeListener('topologyDescriptionChanged', this.s.detectTopologyDescriptionChange);
+      delete this.s.detectTopologyDescriptionChange;
+    }
+
+    this.s.sessions.forEach(session => session.endSession());
+    this.s.sessionPool.endAllPooledSessions(() => {
+      eachAsync(
+        Array.from(this.s.servers.values()),
+        (server, cb) => destroyServer(server, this, options, cb),
+        err => {
+          this.s.servers.clear();
+
+          // emit an event for close
+          this.emit('topologyClosed', new events.TopologyClosedEvent(this.s.id));
+
+          stateTransition(this, STATE_CLOSED);
+
+          if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+            callback(err);
+          }
+        }
+      );
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Selects a server according to the selection predicate provided
+   *
+   * @param {function} [selector] An optional selector to select servers by, defaults to a random selection within a latency window
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings related to server selection
+   * @param {number} [options.serverSelectionTimeoutMS] How long to block for server selection before throwing an error
+   * @param {function} callback The callback used to indicate success or failure
+   * @return {Server} An instance of a `Server` meeting the criteria of the predicate provided
+   */
+  selectServer(selector, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      callback = options;
+      if (typeof selector !== 'function') {
+        options = selector;
+
+        let readPreference;
+        if (selector instanceof ReadPreference) {
+          readPreference = selector;
+        } else if (typeof selector === 'string') {
+          readPreference = new ReadPreference(selector);
+        } else {
+          ReadPreference.translate(options);
+          readPreference = options.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+        }
+
+        selector = readPreferenceServerSelector(readPreference);
+      } else {
+        options = {};
+      }
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign(
+      {},
+      { serverSelectionTimeoutMS: this.s.serverSelectionTimeoutMS },
+      options
+    );
+
+    const isSharded = this.description.type === TopologyType.Sharded;
+    const session = options.session;
+    const transaction = session && session.transaction;
+
+    if (isSharded && transaction && transaction.server) {
+      callback(undefined, transaction.server);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // support server selection by options with readPreference
+    let serverSelector = selector;
+    if (typeof selector === 'object') {
+      const readPreference = selector.readPreference
+        ? selector.readPreference
+        : ReadPreference.primary;
+
+      serverSelector = readPreferenceServerSelector(readPreference);
+    }
+
+    const waitQueueMember = {
+      serverSelector,
+      transaction,
+      callback
+    };
+
+    const serverSelectionTimeoutMS = options.serverSelectionTimeoutMS;
+    if (serverSelectionTimeoutMS) {
+      waitQueueMember.timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        waitQueueMember[kCancelled] = true;
+        waitQueueMember.timer = undefined;
+        const timeoutError = new MongoServerSelectionError(
+          `Server selection timed out after ${serverSelectionTimeoutMS} ms`,
+          this.description
+        );
+
+        waitQueueMember.callback(timeoutError);
+      }, serverSelectionTimeoutMS);
+    }
+
+    this[kWaitQueue].push(waitQueueMember);
+    processWaitQueue(this);
+  }
+
+  // Sessions related methods
+
+  /**
+   * @return Whether the topology should initiate selection to determine session support
+   */
+  shouldCheckForSessionSupport() {
+    if (this.description.type === TopologyType.Single) {
+      return !this.description.hasKnownServers;
+    }
+
+    return !this.description.hasDataBearingServers;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return Whether sessions are supported on the current topology
+   */
+  hasSessionSupport() {
+    return this.description.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes != null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start a logical session
+   */
+  startSession(options, clientOptions) {
+    const session = new ClientSession(this, this.s.sessionPool, options, clientOptions);
+    session.once('ended', () => {
+      this.s.sessions.delete(session);
+    });
+
+    this.s.sessions.add(session);
+    return session;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send endSessions command(s) with the given session ids
+   *
+   * @param {Array} sessions The sessions to end
+   * @param {function} [callback]
+   */
+  endSessions(sessions, callback) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(sessions)) {
+      sessions = [sessions];
+    }
+
+    this.command(
+      'admin.$cmd',
+      { endSessions: sessions },
+      { readPreference: ReadPreference.primaryPreferred, noResponse: true },
+      () => {
+        // intentionally ignored, per spec
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') callback();
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update the internal TopologyDescription with a ServerDescription
+   *
+   * @param {object} serverDescription The server to update in the internal list of server descriptions
+   */
+  serverUpdateHandler(serverDescription) {
+    if (!this.s.description.hasServer(serverDescription.address)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // ignore this server update if its from an outdated topologyVersion
+    if (isStaleServerDescription(this.s.description, serverDescription)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // these will be used for monitoring events later
+    const previousTopologyDescription = this.s.description;
+    const previousServerDescription = this.s.description.servers.get(serverDescription.address);
+
+    // Driver Sessions Spec: "Whenever a driver receives a cluster time from
+    // a server it MUST compare it to the current highest seen cluster time
+    // for the deployment. If the new cluster time is higher than the
+    // highest seen cluster time it MUST become the new highest seen cluster
+    // time. Two cluster times are compared using only the BsonTimestamp
+    // value of the clusterTime embedded field."
+    const clusterTime = serverDescription.$clusterTime;
+    if (clusterTime) {
+      resolveClusterTime(this, clusterTime);
+    }
+
+    // If we already know all the information contained in this updated description, then
+    // we don't need to emit SDAM events, but still need to update the description, in order
+    // to keep client-tracked attributes like last update time and round trip time up to date
+    const equalDescriptions =
+      previousServerDescription && previousServerDescription.equals(serverDescription);
+
+    // first update the TopologyDescription
+    this.s.description = this.s.description.update(serverDescription);
+    if (this.s.description.compatibilityError) {
+      this.emit('error', new MongoError(this.s.description.compatibilityError));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // emit monitoring events for this change
+    if (!equalDescriptions) {
+      this.emit(
+        'serverDescriptionChanged',
+        new events.ServerDescriptionChangedEvent(
+          this.s.id,
+          serverDescription.address,
+          previousServerDescription,
+          this.s.description.servers.get(serverDescription.address)
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
+    // update server list from updated descriptions
+    updateServers(this, serverDescription);
+
+    // attempt to resolve any outstanding server selection attempts
+    if (this[kWaitQueue].length > 0) {
+      processWaitQueue(this);
+    }
+
+    if (!equalDescriptions) {
+      this.emit(
+        'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+        new events.TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(
+          this.s.id,
+          previousTopologyDescription,
+          this.s.description
+        )
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  auth(credentials, callback) {
+    if (typeof credentials === 'function') (callback = credentials), (credentials = null);
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, true);
+  }
+
+  logout(callback) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, true);
+  }
+
+  // Basic operation support. Eventually this should be moved into command construction
+  // during the command refactor.
+
+  /**
+   * Insert one or more documents
+   *
+   * @param {String} ns The full qualified namespace for this operation
+   * @param {Array} ops An array of documents to insert
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+   * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern] Write concern for the operation
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  insert(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    executeWriteOperation({ topology: this, op: 'insert', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform one or more update operations
+   *
+   * @param {string} ns The fully qualified namespace for this operation
+   * @param {array} ops An array of updates
+   * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+   * @param {object} [options.writeConcern] Write concern for the operation
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  update(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    executeWriteOperation({ topology: this, op: 'update', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform one or more remove operations
+   *
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {array} ops An array of removes
+   * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+   * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  remove(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    executeWriteOperation({ topology: this, op: 'remove', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {object} cmd The command hash
+   * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+   * @param {Connection} [options.connection] Specify connection object to execute command against
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+   */
+  command(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') {
+      (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+    }
+
+    ReadPreference.translate(options);
+    const readPreference = options.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+
+    this.selectServer(readPreferenceServerSelector(readPreference), options, (err, server) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const willRetryWrite =
+        !options.retrying &&
+        !!options.retryWrites &&
+        options.session &&
+        isRetryableWritesSupported(this) &&
+        !options.session.inTransaction() &&
+        isWriteCommand(cmd);
+
+      const cb = (err, result) => {
+        if (!err) return callback(null, result);
+        if (!shouldRetryOperation(err)) {
+          return callback(err);
+        }
+
+        if (willRetryWrite) {
+          const newOptions = Object.assign({}, options, { retrying: true });
+          return this.command(ns, cmd, newOptions, callback);
+        }
+
+        return callback(err);
+      };
+
+      // increment and assign txnNumber
+      if (willRetryWrite) {
+        options.session.incrementTransactionNumber();
+        options.willRetryWrite = willRetryWrite;
+      }
+
+      server.command(ns, cmd, options, cb);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new cursor
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+   * @param {object|Long} cmd Can be either a command returning a cursor or a cursorId
+   * @param {object} [options] Options for the cursor
+   * @param {object} [options.batchSize=0] Batchsize for the operation
+   * @param {array} [options.documents=[]] Initial documents list for cursor
+   * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+   * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+   * @param {object} [options.topology] The internal topology of the created cursor
+   * @returns {Cursor}
+   */
+  cursor(ns, cmd, options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    const topology = options.topology || this;
+    const CursorClass = options.cursorFactory || this.s.Cursor;
+    ReadPreference.translate(options);
+
+    return new CursorClass(topology, ns, cmd, options);
+  }
+
+  get clientMetadata() {
+    return this.s.options.metadata;
+  }
+
+  isConnected() {
+    return this.s.state === STATE_CONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  isDestroyed() {
+    return this.s.state === STATE_CLOSED;
+  }
+
+  unref() {
+    emitWarning('not implemented: `unref`');
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: There are many places in code where we explicitly check the last isMaster
+  //       to do feature support detection. This should be done any other way, but for
+  //       now we will just return the first isMaster seen, which should suffice.
+  lastIsMaster() {
+    const serverDescriptions = Array.from(this.description.servers.values());
+    if (serverDescriptions.length === 0) return {};
+
+    const sd = serverDescriptions.filter(sd => sd.type !== ServerType.Unknown)[0];
+    const result = sd || { maxWireVersion: this.description.commonWireVersion };
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  get logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes() {
+    return this.description.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes;
+  }
+
+  get bson() {
+    return this.s.bson;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Topology.prototype, 'clusterTime', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.clusterTime;
+  },
+  set: function(clusterTime) {
+    this.s.clusterTime = clusterTime;
+  }
+});
+
+// legacy aliases
+Topology.prototype.destroy = deprecate(
+  Topology.prototype.close,
+  'destroy() is deprecated, please use close() instead'
+);
+
+const RETRYABLE_WRITE_OPERATIONS = ['findAndModify', 'insert', 'update', 'delete'];
+function isWriteCommand(command) {
+  return RETRYABLE_WRITE_OPERATIONS.some(op => command[op]);
+}
+
+function isStaleServerDescription(topologyDescription, incomingServerDescription) {
+  const currentServerDescription = topologyDescription.servers.get(
+    incomingServerDescription.address
+  );
+  const currentTopologyVersion = currentServerDescription.topologyVersion;
+  return (
+    compareTopologyVersion(currentTopologyVersion, incomingServerDescription.topologyVersion) > 0
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destroys a server, and removes all event listeners from the instance
+ *
+ * @param {Server} server
+ */
+function destroyServer(server, topology, options, callback) {
+  options = options || {};
+  LOCAL_SERVER_EVENTS.forEach(event => server.removeAllListeners(event));
+
+  server.destroy(options, () => {
+    topology.emit(
+      'serverClosed',
+      new events.ServerClosedEvent(topology.s.id, server.description.address)
+    );
+
+    SERVER_RELAY_EVENTS.forEach(event => server.removeAllListeners(event));
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback();
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses a basic seedlist in string form
+ *
+ * @param {string} seedlist The seedlist to parse
+ */
+function parseStringSeedlist(seedlist) {
+  return seedlist.split(',').map(seed => ({
+    host: seed.split(':')[0],
+    port: seed.split(':')[1] || 27017
+  }));
+}
+
+function topologyTypeFromSeedlist(seedlist, options) {
+  if (options.directConnection) {
+    return TopologyType.Single;
+  }
+
+  const replicaSet = options.replicaSet || options.setName || options.rs_name;
+  if (replicaSet == null) {
+    return TopologyType.Unknown;
+  }
+
+  return TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+}
+
+function randomSelection(array) {
+  return array[Math.floor(Math.random() * array.length)];
+}
+
+function createAndConnectServer(topology, serverDescription, connectDelay) {
+  topology.emit(
+    'serverOpening',
+    new events.ServerOpeningEvent(topology.s.id, serverDescription.address)
+  );
+
+  const server = new Server(serverDescription, topology.s.options, topology);
+  relayEvents(server, topology, SERVER_RELAY_EVENTS);
+
+  server.on('descriptionReceived', topology.serverUpdateHandler.bind(topology));
+
+  if (connectDelay) {
+    const connectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      clearAndRemoveTimerFrom(connectTimer, topology.s.connectionTimers);
+      server.connect();
+    }, connectDelay);
+
+    topology.s.connectionTimers.add(connectTimer);
+    return server;
+  }
+
+  server.connect();
+  return server;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create `Server` instances for all initially known servers, connect them, and assign
+ * them to the passed in `Topology`.
+ *
+ * @param {Topology} topology The topology responsible for the servers
+ * @param {ServerDescription[]} serverDescriptions A list of server descriptions to connect
+ */
+function connectServers(topology, serverDescriptions) {
+  topology.s.servers = serverDescriptions.reduce((servers, serverDescription) => {
+    const server = createAndConnectServer(topology, serverDescription);
+    servers.set(serverDescription.address, server);
+    return servers;
+  }, new Map());
+}
+
+function updateServers(topology, incomingServerDescription) {
+  // update the internal server's description
+  if (incomingServerDescription && topology.s.servers.has(incomingServerDescription.address)) {
+    const server = topology.s.servers.get(incomingServerDescription.address);
+    server.s.description = incomingServerDescription;
+  }
+
+  // add new servers for all descriptions we currently don't know about locally
+  for (const serverDescription of topology.description.servers.values()) {
+    if (!topology.s.servers.has(serverDescription.address)) {
+      const server = createAndConnectServer(topology, serverDescription);
+      topology.s.servers.set(serverDescription.address, server);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // for all servers no longer known, remove their descriptions and destroy their instances
+  for (const entry of topology.s.servers) {
+    const serverAddress = entry[0];
+    if (topology.description.hasServer(serverAddress)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const server = topology.s.servers.get(serverAddress);
+    topology.s.servers.delete(serverAddress);
+
+    // prepare server for garbage collection
+    destroyServer(server, topology);
+  }
+}
+
+function executeWriteOperation(args, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // TODO: once we drop Node 4, use destructuring either here or in arguments.
+  const topology = args.topology;
+  const op = args.op;
+  const ns = args.ns;
+  const ops = args.ops;
+
+  const willRetryWrite =
+    !args.retrying &&
+    !!options.retryWrites &&
+    options.session &&
+    isRetryableWritesSupported(topology) &&
+    !options.session.inTransaction() &&
+    options.explain === undefined;
+
+  topology.selectServer(writableServerSelector(), options, (err, server) => {
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const handler = (err, result) => {
+      if (!err) return callback(null, result);
+      if (!shouldRetryOperation(err)) {
+        err = getMMAPError(err);
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      if (willRetryWrite) {
+        const newArgs = Object.assign({}, args, { retrying: true });
+        return executeWriteOperation(newArgs, options, callback);
+      }
+
+      return callback(err);
+    };
+
+    if (callback.operationId) {
+      handler.operationId = callback.operationId;
+    }
+
+    // increment and assign txnNumber
+    if (willRetryWrite) {
+      options.session.incrementTransactionNumber();
+      options.willRetryWrite = willRetryWrite;
+    }
+
+    // execute the write operation
+    server[op](ns, ops, options, handler);
+  });
+}
+
+function shouldRetryOperation(err) {
+  return err instanceof MongoError && err.hasErrorLabel('RetryableWriteError');
+}
+
+function srvPollingHandler(topology) {
+  return function handleSrvPolling(ev) {
+    const previousTopologyDescription = topology.s.description;
+    topology.s.description = topology.s.description.updateFromSrvPollingEvent(ev);
+    if (topology.s.description === previousTopologyDescription) {
+      // Nothing changed, so return
+      return;
+    }
+
+    updateServers(topology);
+
+    topology.emit(
+      'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+      new events.TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(
+        topology.s.id,
+        previousTopologyDescription,
+        topology.s.description
+      )
+    );
+  };
+}
+
+function drainWaitQueue(queue, err) {
+  while (queue.length) {
+    const waitQueueMember = queue.shift();
+    clearTimeout(waitQueueMember.timer);
+    if (!waitQueueMember[kCancelled]) {
+      waitQueueMember.callback(err);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function processWaitQueue(topology) {
+  if (topology.s.state === STATE_CLOSED) {
+    drainWaitQueue(topology[kWaitQueue], new MongoError('Topology is closed, please connect'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const serverDescriptions = Array.from(topology.description.servers.values());
+  const membersToProcess = topology[kWaitQueue].length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < membersToProcess && topology[kWaitQueue].length; ++i) {
+    const waitQueueMember = topology[kWaitQueue].shift();
+    if (waitQueueMember[kCancelled]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    let selectedDescriptions;
+    try {
+      const serverSelector = waitQueueMember.serverSelector;
+      selectedDescriptions = serverSelector
+        ? serverSelector(topology.description, serverDescriptions)
+        : serverDescriptions;
+    } catch (e) {
+      clearTimeout(waitQueueMember.timer);
+      waitQueueMember.callback(e);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (selectedDescriptions.length === 0) {
+      topology[kWaitQueue].push(waitQueueMember);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const selectedServerDescription = randomSelection(selectedDescriptions);
+    const selectedServer = topology.s.servers.get(selectedServerDescription.address);
+    const transaction = waitQueueMember.transaction;
+    const isSharded = topology.description.type === TopologyType.Sharded;
+    if (isSharded && transaction && transaction.isActive) {
+      transaction.pinServer(selectedServer);
+    }
+
+    clearTimeout(waitQueueMember.timer);
+    waitQueueMember.callback(undefined, selectedServer);
+  }
+
+  if (topology[kWaitQueue].length > 0) {
+    // ensure all server monitors attempt monitoring soon
+    topology.s.servers.forEach(server => process.nextTick(() => server.requestCheck()));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A server opening SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#serverOpening
+ * @type {ServerOpeningEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server closed SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#serverClosed
+ * @type {ServerClosedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server description SDAM change monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#serverDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {ServerDescriptionChangedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology open SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#topologyOpening
+ * @type {TopologyOpeningEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology closed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#topologyClosed
+ * @type {TopologyClosedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology structure SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatStarted SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @type {ServerHeartbeatStartedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatFailed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ * @type {ServerHearbeatFailedEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatSucceeded SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event Topology#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @type {ServerHeartbeatSucceededEvent}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command was started, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Topology#commandStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command succeeded, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Topology#commandSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command failed, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Topology#commandFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+module.exports = {
+  Topology
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/topology_description.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/topology_description.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e01d65bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sdam/topology_description.js
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+'use strict';
+const ServerType = require('./common').ServerType;
+const ServerDescription = require('./server_description').ServerDescription;
+const WIRE_CONSTANTS = require('../wireprotocol/constants');
+const TopologyType = require('./common').TopologyType;
+
+// contstants related to compatability checks
+const MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION;
+const MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION;
+const MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION;
+const MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION = WIRE_CONSTANTS.MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION;
+
+// Representation of a deployment of servers
+class TopologyDescription {
+  /**
+   * Create a TopologyDescription
+   *
+   * @param {string} topologyType
+   * @param {Map<string, ServerDescription>} serverDescriptions the a map of address to ServerDescription
+   * @param {string} setName
+   * @param {number} maxSetVersion
+   * @param {ObjectId} maxElectionId
+   */
+  constructor(
+    topologyType,
+    serverDescriptions,
+    setName,
+    maxSetVersion,
+    maxElectionId,
+    commonWireVersion,
+    options
+  ) {
+    options = options || {};
+
+    // TODO: consider assigning all these values to a temporary value `s` which
+    //       we use `Object.freeze` on, ensuring the internal state of this type
+    //       is immutable.
+    this.type = topologyType || TopologyType.Unknown;
+    this.setName = setName || null;
+    this.maxSetVersion = maxSetVersion || null;
+    this.maxElectionId = maxElectionId || null;
+    this.servers = serverDescriptions || new Map();
+    this.stale = false;
+    this.compatible = true;
+    this.compatibilityError = null;
+    this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = null;
+    this.heartbeatFrequencyMS = options.heartbeatFrequencyMS || 0;
+    this.localThresholdMS = options.localThresholdMS || 0;
+    this.commonWireVersion = commonWireVersion || null;
+
+    // save this locally, but don't display when printing the instance out
+    Object.defineProperty(this, 'options', { value: options, enumberable: false });
+
+    // determine server compatibility
+    for (const serverDescription of this.servers.values()) {
+      if (serverDescription.type === ServerType.Unknown) continue;
+
+      if (serverDescription.minWireVersion > MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION) {
+        this.compatible = false;
+        this.compatibilityError = `Server at ${serverDescription.address} requires wire version ${serverDescription.minWireVersion}, but this version of the driver only supports up to ${MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION} (MongoDB ${MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION})`;
+      }
+
+      if (serverDescription.maxWireVersion < MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION) {
+        this.compatible = false;
+        this.compatibilityError = `Server at ${serverDescription.address} reports wire version ${serverDescription.maxWireVersion}, but this version of the driver requires at least ${MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION} (MongoDB ${MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION}).`;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Whenever a client updates the TopologyDescription from an ismaster response, it MUST set
+    // TopologyDescription.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes to the smallest logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes
+    // value among ServerDescriptions of all data-bearing server types. If any have a null
+    // logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes, then TopologyDescription.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes MUST be
+    // set to null.
+    this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = null;
+    for (const addressServerTuple of this.servers) {
+      const server = addressServerTuple[1];
+      if (server.isReadable) {
+        if (server.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes == null) {
+          // If any of the servers have a null logicalSessionsTimeout, then the whole topology does
+          this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = null;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes == null) {
+          // First server with a non null logicalSessionsTimeout
+          this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = server.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Always select the smaller of the:
+        // current server logicalSessionsTimeout and the topologies logicalSessionsTimeout
+        this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = Math.min(
+          this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes,
+          server.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a new TopologyDescription based on the SrvPollingEvent
+   * @param {SrvPollingEvent} ev The event
+   */
+  updateFromSrvPollingEvent(ev) {
+    const newAddresses = ev.addresses();
+    const serverDescriptions = new Map(this.servers);
+    for (const server of this.servers) {
+      if (newAddresses.has(server[0])) {
+        newAddresses.delete(server[0]);
+      } else {
+        serverDescriptions.delete(server[0]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (serverDescriptions.size === this.servers.size && newAddresses.size === 0) {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    for (const address of newAddresses) {
+      serverDescriptions.set(address, new ServerDescription(address));
+    }
+
+    return new TopologyDescription(
+      this.type,
+      serverDescriptions,
+      this.setName,
+      this.maxSetVersion,
+      this.maxElectionId,
+      this.commonWireVersion,
+      this.options,
+      null
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a copy of this description updated with a given ServerDescription
+   *
+   * @param {ServerDescription} serverDescription
+   */
+  update(serverDescription) {
+    const address = serverDescription.address;
+    // NOTE: there are a number of prime targets for refactoring here
+    //       once we support destructuring assignments
+
+    // potentially mutated values
+    let topologyType = this.type;
+    let setName = this.setName;
+    let maxSetVersion = this.maxSetVersion;
+    let maxElectionId = this.maxElectionId;
+    let commonWireVersion = this.commonWireVersion;
+
+    if (serverDescription.setName && setName && serverDescription.setName !== setName) {
+      serverDescription = new ServerDescription(address, null);
+    }
+
+    const serverType = serverDescription.type;
+    let serverDescriptions = new Map(this.servers);
+
+    // update common wire version
+    if (serverDescription.maxWireVersion !== 0) {
+      if (commonWireVersion == null) {
+        commonWireVersion = serverDescription.maxWireVersion;
+      } else {
+        commonWireVersion = Math.min(commonWireVersion, serverDescription.maxWireVersion);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // update the actual server description
+    serverDescriptions.set(address, serverDescription);
+
+    if (topologyType === TopologyType.Single) {
+      // once we are defined as single, that never changes
+      return new TopologyDescription(
+        TopologyType.Single,
+        serverDescriptions,
+        setName,
+        maxSetVersion,
+        maxElectionId,
+        commonWireVersion,
+        this.options
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (topologyType === TopologyType.Unknown) {
+      if (serverType === ServerType.Standalone && this.servers.size !== 1) {
+        serverDescriptions.delete(address);
+      } else {
+        topologyType = topologyTypeForServerType(serverType);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (topologyType === TopologyType.Sharded) {
+      if ([ServerType.Mongos, ServerType.Unknown].indexOf(serverType) === -1) {
+        serverDescriptions.delete(address);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (topologyType === TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary) {
+      if ([ServerType.Standalone, ServerType.Mongos].indexOf(serverType) >= 0) {
+        serverDescriptions.delete(address);
+      }
+
+      if (serverType === ServerType.RSPrimary) {
+        const result = updateRsFromPrimary(
+          serverDescriptions,
+          setName,
+          serverDescription,
+          maxSetVersion,
+          maxElectionId
+        );
+
+        (topologyType = result[0]),
+          (setName = result[1]),
+          (maxSetVersion = result[2]),
+          (maxElectionId = result[3]);
+      } else if (
+        [ServerType.RSSecondary, ServerType.RSArbiter, ServerType.RSOther].indexOf(serverType) >= 0
+      ) {
+        const result = updateRsNoPrimaryFromMember(serverDescriptions, setName, serverDescription);
+        (topologyType = result[0]), (setName = result[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (topologyType === TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary) {
+      if ([ServerType.Standalone, ServerType.Mongos].indexOf(serverType) >= 0) {
+        serverDescriptions.delete(address);
+        topologyType = checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions);
+      } else if (serverType === ServerType.RSPrimary) {
+        const result = updateRsFromPrimary(
+          serverDescriptions,
+          setName,
+          serverDescription,
+          maxSetVersion,
+          maxElectionId
+        );
+
+        (topologyType = result[0]),
+          (setName = result[1]),
+          (maxSetVersion = result[2]),
+          (maxElectionId = result[3]);
+      } else if (
+        [ServerType.RSSecondary, ServerType.RSArbiter, ServerType.RSOther].indexOf(serverType) >= 0
+      ) {
+        topologyType = updateRsWithPrimaryFromMember(
+          serverDescriptions,
+          setName,
+          serverDescription
+        );
+      } else {
+        topologyType = checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new TopologyDescription(
+      topologyType,
+      serverDescriptions,
+      setName,
+      maxSetVersion,
+      maxElectionId,
+      commonWireVersion,
+      this.options
+    );
+  }
+
+  get error() {
+    const descriptionsWithError = Array.from(this.servers.values()).filter(sd => sd.error);
+    if (descriptionsWithError.length > 0) {
+      return descriptionsWithError[0].error;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the topology description has any known servers
+   */
+  get hasKnownServers() {
+    return Array.from(this.servers.values()).some(sd => sd.type !== ServerType.Unknown);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if this topology description has a data-bearing server available.
+   */
+  get hasDataBearingServers() {
+    return Array.from(this.servers.values()).some(sd => sd.isDataBearing);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the topology has a definition for the provided address
+   *
+   * @param {String} address
+   * @return {Boolean} Whether the topology knows about this server
+   */
+  hasServer(address) {
+    return this.servers.has(address);
+  }
+}
+
+function topologyTypeForServerType(serverType) {
+  if (serverType === ServerType.Standalone) {
+    return TopologyType.Single;
+  }
+
+  if (serverType === ServerType.Mongos) {
+    return TopologyType.Sharded;
+  }
+
+  if (serverType === ServerType.RSPrimary) {
+    return TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+  }
+
+  if (serverType === ServerType.RSGhost || serverType === ServerType.Unknown) {
+    return TopologyType.Unknown;
+  }
+
+  return TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+}
+
+function compareObjectId(oid1, oid2) {
+  if (oid1 == null) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (oid2 == null) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (oid1.id instanceof Buffer && oid2.id instanceof Buffer) {
+    const oid1Buffer = oid1.id;
+    const oid2Buffer = oid2.id;
+    return oid1Buffer.compare(oid2Buffer);
+  }
+
+  const oid1String = oid1.toString();
+  const oid2String = oid2.toString();
+  return oid1String.localeCompare(oid2String);
+}
+
+function updateRsFromPrimary(
+  serverDescriptions,
+  setName,
+  serverDescription,
+  maxSetVersion,
+  maxElectionId
+) {
+  setName = setName || serverDescription.setName;
+  if (setName !== serverDescription.setName) {
+    serverDescriptions.delete(serverDescription.address);
+    return [checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions), setName, maxSetVersion, maxElectionId];
+  }
+
+  const electionId = serverDescription.electionId ? serverDescription.electionId : null;
+  if (serverDescription.setVersion && electionId) {
+    if (maxSetVersion && maxElectionId) {
+      if (
+        maxSetVersion > serverDescription.setVersion ||
+        compareObjectId(maxElectionId, electionId) > 0
+      ) {
+        // this primary is stale, we must remove it
+        serverDescriptions.set(
+          serverDescription.address,
+          new ServerDescription(serverDescription.address)
+        );
+
+        return [checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions), setName, maxSetVersion, maxElectionId];
+      }
+    }
+
+    maxElectionId = serverDescription.electionId;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    serverDescription.setVersion != null &&
+    (maxSetVersion == null || serverDescription.setVersion > maxSetVersion)
+  ) {
+    maxSetVersion = serverDescription.setVersion;
+  }
+
+  // We've heard from the primary. Is it the same primary as before?
+  for (const address of serverDescriptions.keys()) {
+    const server = serverDescriptions.get(address);
+
+    if (server.type === ServerType.RSPrimary && server.address !== serverDescription.address) {
+      // Reset old primary's type to Unknown.
+      serverDescriptions.set(address, new ServerDescription(server.address));
+
+      // There can only be one primary
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Discover new hosts from this primary's response.
+  serverDescription.allHosts.forEach(address => {
+    if (!serverDescriptions.has(address)) {
+      serverDescriptions.set(address, new ServerDescription(address));
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Remove hosts not in the response.
+  const currentAddresses = Array.from(serverDescriptions.keys());
+  const responseAddresses = serverDescription.allHosts;
+  currentAddresses
+    .filter(addr => responseAddresses.indexOf(addr) === -1)
+    .forEach(address => {
+      serverDescriptions.delete(address);
+    });
+
+  return [checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions), setName, maxSetVersion, maxElectionId];
+}
+
+function updateRsWithPrimaryFromMember(serverDescriptions, setName, serverDescription) {
+  if (setName == null) {
+    throw new TypeError('setName is required');
+  }
+
+  if (
+    setName !== serverDescription.setName ||
+    (serverDescription.me && serverDescription.address !== serverDescription.me)
+  ) {
+    serverDescriptions.delete(serverDescription.address);
+  }
+
+  return checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions);
+}
+
+function updateRsNoPrimaryFromMember(serverDescriptions, setName, serverDescription) {
+  let topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+
+  setName = setName || serverDescription.setName;
+  if (setName !== serverDescription.setName) {
+    serverDescriptions.delete(serverDescription.address);
+    return [topologyType, setName];
+  }
+
+  serverDescription.allHosts.forEach(address => {
+    if (!serverDescriptions.has(address)) {
+      serverDescriptions.set(address, new ServerDescription(address));
+    }
+  });
+
+  if (serverDescription.me && serverDescription.address !== serverDescription.me) {
+    serverDescriptions.delete(serverDescription.address);
+  }
+
+  return [topologyType, setName];
+}
+
+function checkHasPrimary(serverDescriptions) {
+  for (const addr of serverDescriptions.keys()) {
+    if (serverDescriptions.get(addr).type === ServerType.RSPrimary) {
+      return TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  TopologyDescription
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sessions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sessions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abc8d9451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/sessions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,780 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const retrieveBSON = require('./connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const Binary = BSON.Binary;
+const uuidV4 = require('./utils').uuidV4;
+const MongoError = require('./error').MongoError;
+const isRetryableError = require('././error').isRetryableError;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('./error').MongoNetworkError;
+const MongoWriteConcernError = require('./error').MongoWriteConcernError;
+const Transaction = require('./transactions').Transaction;
+const TxnState = require('./transactions').TxnState;
+const isPromiseLike = require('./utils').isPromiseLike;
+const ReadPreference = require('./topologies/read_preference');
+const maybePromise = require('../utils').maybePromise;
+const isTransactionCommand = require('./transactions').isTransactionCommand;
+const resolveClusterTime = require('./topologies/shared').resolveClusterTime;
+const isSharded = require('./wireprotocol/shared').isSharded;
+const maxWireVersion = require('./utils').maxWireVersion;
+const now = require('./../utils').now;
+const calculateDurationInMs = require('./../utils').calculateDurationInMs;
+const minWireVersionForShardedTransactions = 8;
+
+function assertAlive(session, callback) {
+  if (session.serverSession == null) {
+    const error = new MongoError('Cannot use a session that has ended');
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(error, null);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    throw error;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options to pass when creating a Client Session
+ * @typedef {Object} SessionOptions
+ * @property {boolean} [causalConsistency=true] Whether causal consistency should be enabled on this session
+ * @property {TransactionOptions} [defaultTransactionOptions] The default TransactionOptions to use for transactions started on this session.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A BSON document reflecting the lsid of a {@link ClientSession}
+ * @typedef {Object} SessionId
+ */
+
+const kServerSession = Symbol('serverSession');
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a client session on the server
+ * WARNING: not meant to be instantiated directly.
+ * @class
+ * @hideconstructor
+ */
+class ClientSession extends EventEmitter {
+  /**
+   * Create a client session.
+   * WARNING: not meant to be instantiated directly
+   *
+   * @param {Topology} topology The current client's topology (Internal Class)
+   * @param {ServerSessionPool} sessionPool The server session pool (Internal Class)
+   * @param {SessionOptions} [options] Optional settings
+   * @param {Object} [clientOptions] Optional settings provided when creating a client in the porcelain driver
+   */
+  constructor(topology, sessionPool, options, clientOptions) {
+    super();
+
+    if (topology == null) {
+      throw new Error('ClientSession requires a topology');
+    }
+
+    if (sessionPool == null || !(sessionPool instanceof ServerSessionPool)) {
+      throw new Error('ClientSession requires a ServerSessionPool');
+    }
+
+    options = options || {};
+    clientOptions = clientOptions || {};
+
+    this.topology = topology;
+    this.sessionPool = sessionPool;
+    this.hasEnded = false;
+    this.clientOptions = clientOptions;
+    this[kServerSession] = undefined;
+
+    this.supports = {
+      causalConsistency:
+        typeof options.causalConsistency !== 'undefined' ? options.causalConsistency : true
+    };
+
+    this.clusterTime = options.initialClusterTime;
+
+    this.operationTime = null;
+    this.explicit = !!options.explicit;
+    this.owner = options.owner;
+    this.defaultTransactionOptions = Object.assign({}, options.defaultTransactionOptions);
+    this.transaction = new Transaction();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The server id associated with this session
+   * @type {SessionId}
+   */
+  get id() {
+    return this.serverSession.id;
+  }
+
+  get serverSession() {
+    if (this[kServerSession] == null) {
+      this[kServerSession] = this.sessionPool.acquire();
+    }
+
+    return this[kServerSession];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ends this session on the server
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. Currently reserved for future use
+   * @param {Function} [callback] Optional callback for completion of this operation
+   */
+  endSession(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = options || {};
+
+    const session = this;
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, done => {
+      if (session.hasEnded) {
+        return done();
+      }
+
+      function completeEndSession() {
+        // release the server session back to the pool
+        session.sessionPool.release(session.serverSession);
+        session[kServerSession] = undefined;
+
+        // mark the session as ended, and emit a signal
+        session.hasEnded = true;
+        session.emit('ended', session);
+
+        // spec indicates that we should ignore all errors for `endSessions`
+        done();
+      }
+
+      if (session.serverSession && session.inTransaction()) {
+        session.abortTransaction(err => {
+          if (err) return done(err);
+          completeEndSession();
+        });
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      completeEndSession();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Advances the operationTime for a ClientSession.
+   *
+   * @param {Timestamp} operationTime the `BSON.Timestamp` of the operation type it is desired to advance to
+   */
+  advanceOperationTime(operationTime) {
+    if (this.operationTime == null) {
+      this.operationTime = operationTime;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (operationTime.greaterThan(this.operationTime)) {
+      this.operationTime = operationTime;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used to determine if this session equals another
+   * @param {ClientSession} session
+   * @return {boolean} true if the sessions are equal
+   */
+  equals(session) {
+    if (!(session instanceof ClientSession)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return this.id.id.buffer.equals(session.id.id.buffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Increment the transaction number on the internal ServerSession
+   */
+  incrementTransactionNumber() {
+    this.serverSession.txnNumber++;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {boolean} whether this session is currently in a transaction or not
+   */
+  inTransaction() {
+    return this.transaction.isActive;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Starts a new transaction with the given options.
+   *
+   * @param {TransactionOptions} options Options for the transaction
+   */
+  startTransaction(options) {
+    assertAlive(this);
+    if (this.inTransaction()) {
+      throw new MongoError('Transaction already in progress');
+    }
+
+    const topologyMaxWireVersion = maxWireVersion(this.topology);
+    if (
+      isSharded(this.topology) &&
+      topologyMaxWireVersion != null &&
+      topologyMaxWireVersion < minWireVersionForShardedTransactions
+    ) {
+      throw new MongoError('Transactions are not supported on sharded clusters in MongoDB < 4.2.');
+    }
+
+    // increment txnNumber
+    this.incrementTransactionNumber();
+
+    // create transaction state
+    this.transaction = new Transaction(
+      Object.assign({}, this.clientOptions, options || this.defaultTransactionOptions)
+    );
+
+    this.transaction.transition(TxnState.STARTING_TRANSACTION);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Commits the currently active transaction in this session.
+   *
+   * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback for completion of this operation
+   * @return {Promise} A promise is returned if no callback is provided
+   */
+  commitTransaction(callback) {
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, done => endTransaction(this, 'commitTransaction', done));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Aborts the currently active transaction in this session.
+   *
+   * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback for completion of this operation
+   * @return {Promise} A promise is returned if no callback is provided
+   */
+  abortTransaction(callback) {
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, done => endTransaction(this, 'abortTransaction', done));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This is here to ensure that ClientSession is never serialized to BSON.
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  toBSON() {
+    throw new Error('ClientSession cannot be serialized to BSON.');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A user provided function to be run within a transaction
+   *
+   * @callback WithTransactionCallback
+   * @param {ClientSession} session The parent session of the transaction running the operation. This should be passed into each operation within the lambda.
+   * @returns {Promise} The resulting Promise of operations run within this transaction
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Runs a provided lambda within a transaction, retrying either the commit operation
+   * or entire transaction as needed (and when the error permits) to better ensure that
+   * the transaction can complete successfully.
+   *
+   * IMPORTANT: This method requires the user to return a Promise, all lambdas that do not
+   * return a Promise will result in undefined behavior.
+   *
+   * @param {WithTransactionCallback} fn
+   * @param {TransactionOptions} [options] Optional settings for the transaction
+   */
+  withTransaction(fn, options) {
+    const startTime = now();
+    return attemptTransaction(this, startTime, fn, options);
+  }
+}
+
+const MAX_WITH_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT = 120000;
+const UNSATISFIABLE_WRITE_CONCERN_CODE = 100;
+const UNKNOWN_REPL_WRITE_CONCERN_CODE = 79;
+const MAX_TIME_MS_EXPIRED_CODE = 50;
+const NON_DETERMINISTIC_WRITE_CONCERN_ERRORS = new Set([
+  'CannotSatisfyWriteConcern',
+  'UnknownReplWriteConcern',
+  'UnsatisfiableWriteConcern'
+]);
+
+function hasNotTimedOut(startTime, max) {
+  return calculateDurationInMs(startTime) < max;
+}
+
+function isUnknownTransactionCommitResult(err) {
+  return (
+    isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(err) ||
+    (!NON_DETERMINISTIC_WRITE_CONCERN_ERRORS.has(err.codeName) &&
+      err.code !== UNSATISFIABLE_WRITE_CONCERN_CODE &&
+      err.code !== UNKNOWN_REPL_WRITE_CONCERN_CODE)
+  );
+}
+
+function isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(err) {
+  if (err == null) return false;
+  return (
+    err.code === MAX_TIME_MS_EXPIRED_CODE ||
+    (err.writeConcernError && err.writeConcernError.code === MAX_TIME_MS_EXPIRED_CODE)
+  );
+}
+
+function attemptTransactionCommit(session, startTime, fn, options) {
+  return session.commitTransaction().catch(err => {
+    if (
+      err instanceof MongoError &&
+      hasNotTimedOut(startTime, MAX_WITH_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT) &&
+      !isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(err)
+    ) {
+      if (err.hasErrorLabel('UnknownTransactionCommitResult')) {
+        return attemptTransactionCommit(session, startTime, fn, options);
+      }
+
+      if (err.hasErrorLabel('TransientTransactionError')) {
+        return attemptTransaction(session, startTime, fn, options);
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  });
+}
+
+const USER_EXPLICIT_TXN_END_STATES = new Set([
+  TxnState.NO_TRANSACTION,
+  TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED,
+  TxnState.TRANSACTION_ABORTED
+]);
+
+function userExplicitlyEndedTransaction(session) {
+  return USER_EXPLICIT_TXN_END_STATES.has(session.transaction.state);
+}
+
+function attemptTransaction(session, startTime, fn, options) {
+  session.startTransaction(options);
+
+  let promise;
+  try {
+    promise = fn(session);
+  } catch (err) {
+    promise = Promise.reject(err);
+  }
+
+  if (!isPromiseLike(promise)) {
+    session.abortTransaction();
+    throw new TypeError('Function provided to `withTransaction` must return a Promise');
+  }
+
+  return promise
+    .then(() => {
+      if (userExplicitlyEndedTransaction(session)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return attemptTransactionCommit(session, startTime, fn, options);
+    })
+    .catch(err => {
+      function maybeRetryOrThrow(err) {
+        if (
+          err instanceof MongoError &&
+          err.hasErrorLabel('TransientTransactionError') &&
+          hasNotTimedOut(startTime, MAX_WITH_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT)
+        ) {
+          return attemptTransaction(session, startTime, fn, options);
+        }
+
+        if (isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(err)) {
+          err.addErrorLabel('UnknownTransactionCommitResult');
+        }
+
+        throw err;
+      }
+
+      if (session.transaction.isActive) {
+        return session.abortTransaction().then(() => maybeRetryOrThrow(err));
+      }
+
+      return maybeRetryOrThrow(err);
+    });
+}
+
+function endTransaction(session, commandName, callback) {
+  if (!assertAlive(session, callback)) {
+    // checking result in case callback was called
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // handle any initial problematic cases
+  let txnState = session.transaction.state;
+
+  if (txnState === TxnState.NO_TRANSACTION) {
+    callback(new MongoError('No transaction started'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (commandName === 'commitTransaction') {
+    if (
+      txnState === TxnState.STARTING_TRANSACTION ||
+      txnState === TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY
+    ) {
+      // the transaction was never started, we can safely exit here
+      session.transaction.transition(TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY);
+      callback(null, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (txnState === TxnState.TRANSACTION_ABORTED) {
+      callback(new MongoError('Cannot call commitTransaction after calling abortTransaction'));
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (txnState === TxnState.STARTING_TRANSACTION) {
+      // the transaction was never started, we can safely exit here
+      session.transaction.transition(TxnState.TRANSACTION_ABORTED);
+      callback(null, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (txnState === TxnState.TRANSACTION_ABORTED) {
+      callback(new MongoError('Cannot call abortTransaction twice'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      txnState === TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED ||
+      txnState === TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY
+    ) {
+      callback(new MongoError('Cannot call abortTransaction after calling commitTransaction'));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // construct and send the command
+  const command = { [commandName]: 1 };
+
+  // apply a writeConcern if specified
+  let writeConcern;
+  if (session.transaction.options.writeConcern) {
+    writeConcern = Object.assign({}, session.transaction.options.writeConcern);
+  } else if (session.clientOptions && session.clientOptions.w) {
+    writeConcern = { w: session.clientOptions.w };
+  }
+
+  if (txnState === TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED) {
+    writeConcern = Object.assign({ wtimeout: 10000 }, writeConcern, { w: 'majority' });
+  }
+
+  if (writeConcern) {
+    Object.assign(command, { writeConcern });
+  }
+
+  if (commandName === 'commitTransaction' && session.transaction.options.maxTimeMS) {
+    Object.assign(command, { maxTimeMS: session.transaction.options.maxTimeMS });
+  }
+
+  function commandHandler(e, r) {
+    if (commandName === 'commitTransaction') {
+      session.transaction.transition(TxnState.TRANSACTION_COMMITTED);
+
+      if (
+        e &&
+        (e instanceof MongoNetworkError ||
+          e instanceof MongoWriteConcernError ||
+          isRetryableError(e) ||
+          isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(e))
+      ) {
+        if (isUnknownTransactionCommitResult(e)) {
+          e.addErrorLabel('UnknownTransactionCommitResult');
+
+          // per txns spec, must unpin session in this case
+          session.transaction.unpinServer();
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      session.transaction.transition(TxnState.TRANSACTION_ABORTED);
+    }
+
+    callback(e, r);
+  }
+
+  // The spec indicates that we should ignore all errors on `abortTransaction`
+  function transactionError(err) {
+    return commandName === 'commitTransaction' ? err : null;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    // Assumption here that commandName is "commitTransaction" or "abortTransaction"
+    session.transaction.recoveryToken &&
+    supportsRecoveryToken(session)
+  ) {
+    command.recoveryToken = session.transaction.recoveryToken;
+  }
+
+  // send the command
+  session.topology.command('admin.$cmd', command, { session }, (err, reply) => {
+    if (err && isRetryableError(err)) {
+      // SPEC-1185: apply majority write concern when retrying commitTransaction
+      if (command.commitTransaction) {
+        // per txns spec, must unpin session in this case
+        session.transaction.unpinServer();
+
+        command.writeConcern = Object.assign({ wtimeout: 10000 }, command.writeConcern, {
+          w: 'majority'
+        });
+      }
+
+      return session.topology.command('admin.$cmd', command, { session }, (_err, _reply) =>
+        commandHandler(transactionError(_err), _reply)
+      );
+    }
+
+    commandHandler(transactionError(err), reply);
+  });
+}
+
+function supportsRecoveryToken(session) {
+  const topology = session.topology;
+  return !!topology.s.options.useRecoveryToken;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reflects the existence of a session on the server. Can be reused by the session pool.
+ * WARNING: not meant to be instantiated directly. For internal use only.
+ * @ignore
+ */
+class ServerSession {
+  constructor() {
+    this.id = { id: new Binary(uuidV4(), Binary.SUBTYPE_UUID) };
+    this.lastUse = now();
+    this.txnNumber = 0;
+    this.isDirty = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the server session has timed out.
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {Date} sessionTimeoutMinutes The server's "logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes"
+   * @return {boolean} true if the session has timed out.
+   */
+  hasTimedOut(sessionTimeoutMinutes) {
+    // Take the difference of the lastUse timestamp and now, which will result in a value in
+    // milliseconds, and then convert milliseconds to minutes to compare to `sessionTimeoutMinutes`
+    const idleTimeMinutes = Math.round(
+      ((calculateDurationInMs(this.lastUse) % 86400000) % 3600000) / 60000
+    );
+
+    return idleTimeMinutes > sessionTimeoutMinutes - 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Maintains a pool of Server Sessions.
+ * For internal use only
+ * @ignore
+ */
+class ServerSessionPool {
+  constructor(topology) {
+    if (topology == null) {
+      throw new Error('ServerSessionPool requires a topology');
+    }
+
+    this.topology = topology;
+    this.sessions = [];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ends all sessions in the session pool.
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  endAllPooledSessions(callback) {
+    if (this.sessions.length) {
+      this.topology.endSessions(
+        this.sessions.map(session => session.id),
+        () => {
+          this.sessions = [];
+          if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+            callback();
+          }
+        }
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Acquire a Server Session from the pool.
+   * Iterates through each session in the pool, removing any stale sessions
+   * along the way. The first non-stale session found is removed from the
+   * pool and returned. If no non-stale session is found, a new ServerSession
+   * is created.
+   * @ignore
+   * @returns {ServerSession}
+   */
+  acquire() {
+    const sessionTimeoutMinutes = this.topology.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes;
+    while (this.sessions.length) {
+      const session = this.sessions.shift();
+      if (!session.hasTimedOut(sessionTimeoutMinutes)) {
+        return session;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new ServerSession();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Release a session to the session pool
+   * Adds the session back to the session pool if the session has not timed out yet.
+   * This method also removes any stale sessions from the pool.
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {ServerSession} session The session to release to the pool
+   */
+  release(session) {
+    const sessionTimeoutMinutes = this.topology.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes;
+    while (this.sessions.length) {
+      const pooledSession = this.sessions[this.sessions.length - 1];
+      if (pooledSession.hasTimedOut(sessionTimeoutMinutes)) {
+        this.sessions.pop();
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!session.hasTimedOut(sessionTimeoutMinutes)) {
+      if (session.isDirty) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // otherwise, readd this session to the session pool
+      this.sessions.unshift(session);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// TODO: this should be codified in command construction
+// @see https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/read-write-concern/read-write-concern.rst#read-concern
+function commandSupportsReadConcern(command, options) {
+  if (
+    command.aggregate ||
+    command.count ||
+    command.distinct ||
+    command.find ||
+    command.parallelCollectionScan ||
+    command.geoNear ||
+    command.geoSearch
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    command.mapReduce &&
+    options &&
+    options.out &&
+    (options.out.inline === 1 || options.out === 'inline')
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Optionally decorate a command with sessions specific keys
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {ClientSession} session the session tracking transaction state
+ * @param {Object} command the command to decorate
+ * @param {Object} topology the topology for tracking the cluster time
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings passed to calling operation
+ * @return {MongoError|null} An error, if some error condition was met
+ */
+function applySession(session, command, options) {
+  if (session.hasEnded) {
+    // TODO: merge this with `assertAlive`, did not want to throw a try/catch here
+    return new MongoError('Cannot use a session that has ended');
+  }
+
+  // SPEC-1019: silently ignore explicit session with unacknowledged write for backwards compatibility
+  if (options && options.writeConcern && options.writeConcern.w === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const serverSession = session.serverSession;
+  serverSession.lastUse = now();
+  command.lsid = serverSession.id;
+
+  // first apply non-transaction-specific sessions data
+  const inTransaction = session.inTransaction() || isTransactionCommand(command);
+  const isRetryableWrite = options.willRetryWrite;
+  const shouldApplyReadConcern = commandSupportsReadConcern(command, options);
+
+  if (serverSession.txnNumber && (isRetryableWrite || inTransaction)) {
+    command.txnNumber = BSON.Long.fromNumber(serverSession.txnNumber);
+  }
+
+  // now attempt to apply transaction-specific sessions data
+  if (!inTransaction) {
+    if (session.transaction.state !== TxnState.NO_TRANSACTION) {
+      session.transaction.transition(TxnState.NO_TRANSACTION);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: the following should only be applied to read operation per spec.
+    // for causal consistency
+    if (session.supports.causalConsistency && session.operationTime && shouldApplyReadConcern) {
+      command.readConcern = command.readConcern || {};
+      Object.assign(command.readConcern, { afterClusterTime: session.operationTime });
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (options.readPreference && !options.readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.primary)) {
+    return new MongoError(
+      `Read preference in a transaction must be primary, not: ${options.readPreference.mode}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  // `autocommit` must always be false to differentiate from retryable writes
+  command.autocommit = false;
+
+  if (session.transaction.state === TxnState.STARTING_TRANSACTION) {
+    session.transaction.transition(TxnState.TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS);
+    command.startTransaction = true;
+
+    const readConcern =
+      session.transaction.options.readConcern || session.clientOptions.readConcern;
+    if (readConcern) {
+      command.readConcern = readConcern;
+    }
+
+    if (session.supports.causalConsistency && session.operationTime) {
+      command.readConcern = command.readConcern || {};
+      Object.assign(command.readConcern, { afterClusterTime: session.operationTime });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function updateSessionFromResponse(session, document) {
+  if (document.$clusterTime) {
+    resolveClusterTime(session, document.$clusterTime);
+  }
+
+  if (document.operationTime && session && session.supports.causalConsistency) {
+    session.advanceOperationTime(document.operationTime);
+  }
+
+  if (document.recoveryToken && session && session.inTransaction()) {
+    session.transaction._recoveryToken = document.recoveryToken;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  ClientSession,
+  ServerSession,
+  ServerSessionPool,
+  TxnState,
+  applySession,
+  updateSessionFromResponse,
+  commandSupportsReadConcern
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/tools/smoke_plugin.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/tools/smoke_plugin.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7488f0f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/tools/smoke_plugin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+/* Note: because this plugin uses process.on('uncaughtException'), only one
+ * of these can exist at any given time. This plugin and anything else that
+ * uses process.on('uncaughtException') will conflict. */
+exports.attachToRunner = function(runner, outputFile) {
+  var smokeOutput = { results: [] };
+  var runningTests = {};
+
+  var integraPlugin = {
+    beforeTest: function(test, callback) {
+      test.startTime = Date.now();
+      runningTests[test.name] = test;
+      callback();
+    },
+    afterTest: function(test, callback) {
+      smokeOutput.results.push({
+        status: test.status,
+        start: test.startTime,
+        end: Date.now(),
+        test_file: test.name,
+        exit_code: 0,
+        url: ''
+      });
+      delete runningTests[test.name];
+      callback();
+    },
+    beforeExit: function(obj, callback) {
+      fs.writeFile(outputFile, JSON.stringify(smokeOutput), function() {
+        callback();
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  // In case of exception, make sure we write file
+  process.on('uncaughtException', function(err) {
+    // Mark all currently running tests as failed
+    for (var testName in runningTests) {
+      smokeOutput.results.push({
+        status: 'fail',
+        start: runningTests[testName].startTime,
+        end: Date.now(),
+        test_file: testName,
+        exit_code: 0,
+        url: ''
+      });
+    }
+
+    // write file
+    fs.writeFileSync(outputFile, JSON.stringify(smokeOutput));
+
+    // Standard NodeJS uncaught exception handler
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    console.error(err.stack);
+    process.exit(1);
+  });
+
+  runner.plugin(integraPlugin);
+  return integraPlugin;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/mongos.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/mongos.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b07d14ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/mongos.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const inherits = require('util').inherits;
+const f = require('util').format;
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const CoreCursor = require('../cursor').CoreCursor;
+const Logger = require('../connection/logger');
+const retrieveBSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const Server = require('./server');
+const diff = require('./shared').diff;
+const cloneOptions = require('./shared').cloneOptions;
+const SessionMixins = require('./shared').SessionMixins;
+const isRetryableWritesSupported = require('./shared').isRetryableWritesSupported;
+const relayEvents = require('../utils').relayEvents;
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const getMMAPError = require('./shared').getMMAPError;
+const makeClientMetadata = require('../utils').makeClientMetadata;
+const legacyIsRetryableWriteError = require('./shared').legacyIsRetryableWriteError;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Mongos** class is a class that represents a Mongos Proxy topology and is
+ * used to construct connections.
+ */
+
+//
+// States
+var DISCONNECTED = 'disconnected';
+var CONNECTING = 'connecting';
+var CONNECTED = 'connected';
+var UNREFERENCED = 'unreferenced';
+var DESTROYING = 'destroying';
+var DESTROYED = 'destroyed';
+
+function stateTransition(self, newState) {
+  var legalTransitions = {
+    disconnected: [CONNECTING, DESTROYING, DESTROYED, DISCONNECTED],
+    connecting: [CONNECTING, DESTROYING, DESTROYED, CONNECTED, DISCONNECTED],
+    connected: [CONNECTED, DISCONNECTED, DESTROYING, DESTROYED, UNREFERENCED],
+    unreferenced: [UNREFERENCED, DESTROYING, DESTROYED],
+    destroyed: [DESTROYED]
+  };
+
+  // Get current state
+  var legalStates = legalTransitions[self.state];
+  if (legalStates && legalStates.indexOf(newState) !== -1) {
+    self.state = newState;
+  } else {
+    self.s.logger.error(
+      f(
+        'Mongos with id [%s] failed attempted illegal state transition from [%s] to [%s] only following state allowed [%s]',
+        self.id,
+        self.state,
+        newState,
+        legalStates
+      )
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+//
+// ReplSet instance id
+var id = 1;
+var handlers = ['connect', 'close', 'error', 'timeout', 'parseError'];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Mongos instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {array} seedlist A list of seeds for the replicaset
+ * @param {number} [options.haInterval=5000] The High availability period for replicaset inquiry
+ * @param {Cursor} [options.cursorFactory=Cursor] The cursor factory class used for all query cursors
+ * @param {number} [options.size=5] Server connection pool size
+ * @param {boolean} [options.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] Initial delay before TCP keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.localThresholdMS=15] Cutoff latency point in MS for MongoS proxy selection
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noDelay=true] TCP Connection no delay
+ * @param {number} [options.connectionTimeout=1000] TCP Connection timeout setting
+ * @param {number} [options.socketTimeout=0] TCP Socket timeout setting
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use SSL for connection
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.ca] SSL Certificate store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.crl] SSL Certificate revocation store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.cert] SSL Certificate binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.key] SSL Key file binary buffer
+ * @param {string} [options.passphrase] SSL Certificate pass phrase
+ * @param {string} [options.servername=null] String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.rejectUnauthorized=true] Reject unauthorized server certificates
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Convert Long values from the db into Numbers if they fit into 53 bits
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitorCommands=false] Enable command monitoring for this topology
+ * @return {Mongos} A cursor instance
+ * @fires Mongos#connect
+ * @fires Mongos#reconnect
+ * @fires Mongos#joined
+ * @fires Mongos#left
+ * @fires Mongos#failed
+ * @fires Mongos#fullsetup
+ * @fires Mongos#all
+ * @fires Mongos#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @fires Mongos#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @fires Mongos#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ * @fires Mongos#topologyOpening
+ * @fires Mongos#topologyClosed
+ * @fires Mongos#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @property {string} type the topology type.
+ * @property {string} parserType the parser type used (c++ or js).
+ */
+var Mongos = function(seedlist, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Get replSet Id
+  this.id = id++;
+
+  // deduplicate seedlist
+  if (Array.isArray(seedlist)) {
+    seedlist = seedlist.reduce((seeds, seed) => {
+      if (seeds.find(s => s.host === seed.host && s.port === seed.port)) {
+        return seeds;
+      }
+
+      seeds.push(seed);
+      return seeds;
+    }, []);
+  }
+
+  // Internal state
+  this.s = {
+    options: Object.assign({ metadata: makeClientMetadata(options) }, options),
+    // BSON instance
+    bson:
+      options.bson ||
+      new BSON([
+        BSON.Binary,
+        BSON.Code,
+        BSON.DBRef,
+        BSON.Decimal128,
+        BSON.Double,
+        BSON.Int32,
+        BSON.Long,
+        BSON.Map,
+        BSON.MaxKey,
+        BSON.MinKey,
+        BSON.ObjectId,
+        BSON.BSONRegExp,
+        BSON.Symbol,
+        BSON.Timestamp
+      ]),
+    // Factory overrides
+    Cursor: options.cursorFactory || CoreCursor,
+    // Logger instance
+    logger: Logger('Mongos', options),
+    // Seedlist
+    seedlist: seedlist,
+    // Ha interval
+    haInterval: options.haInterval ? options.haInterval : 10000,
+    // Disconnect handler
+    disconnectHandler: options.disconnectHandler,
+    // Server selection index
+    index: 0,
+    // Connect function options passed in
+    connectOptions: {},
+    // Are we running in debug mode
+    debug: typeof options.debug === 'boolean' ? options.debug : false,
+    // localThresholdMS
+    localThresholdMS: options.localThresholdMS || 15
+  };
+
+  // Log info warning if the socketTimeout < haInterval as it will cause
+  // a lot of recycled connections to happen.
+  if (
+    this.s.logger.isWarn() &&
+    this.s.options.socketTimeout !== 0 &&
+    this.s.options.socketTimeout < this.s.haInterval
+  ) {
+    this.s.logger.warn(
+      f(
+        'warning socketTimeout %s is less than haInterval %s. This might cause unnecessary server reconnections due to socket timeouts',
+        this.s.options.socketTimeout,
+        this.s.haInterval
+      )
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Disconnected state
+  this.state = DISCONNECTED;
+
+  // Current proxies we are connecting to
+  this.connectingProxies = [];
+  // Currently connected proxies
+  this.connectedProxies = [];
+  // Disconnected proxies
+  this.disconnectedProxies = [];
+  // Index of proxy to run operations against
+  this.index = 0;
+  // High availability timeout id
+  this.haTimeoutId = null;
+  // Last ismaster
+  this.ismaster = null;
+
+  // Description of the Replicaset
+  this.topologyDescription = {
+    topologyType: 'Unknown',
+    servers: []
+  };
+
+  // Highest clusterTime seen in responses from the current deployment
+  this.clusterTime = null;
+
+  // Add event listener
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+};
+
+inherits(Mongos, EventEmitter);
+Object.assign(Mongos.prototype, SessionMixins);
+
+Object.defineProperty(Mongos.prototype, 'type', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return 'mongos';
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Mongos.prototype, 'parserType', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return BSON.native ? 'c++' : 'js';
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Mongos.prototype, 'logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (!this.ismaster) return null;
+    return this.ismaster.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes || null;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Emit event if it exists
+ * @method
+ */
+function emitSDAMEvent(self, event, description) {
+  if (self.listeners(event).length > 0) {
+    self.emit(event, description);
+  }
+}
+
+const SERVER_EVENTS = ['serverDescriptionChanged', 'error', 'close', 'timeout', 'parseError'];
+function destroyServer(server, options, callback) {
+  options = options || {};
+  SERVER_EVENTS.forEach(event => server.removeAllListeners(event));
+  server.destroy(options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initiate server connect
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.connect = function(options) {
+  var self = this;
+  // Add any connect level options to the internal state
+  this.s.connectOptions = options || {};
+
+  // Set connecting state
+  stateTransition(this, CONNECTING);
+
+  // Create server instances
+  var servers = this.s.seedlist.map(function(x) {
+    const server = new Server(
+      Object.assign({}, self.s.options, x, options, {
+        reconnect: false,
+        monitoring: false,
+        parent: self
+      })
+    );
+
+    relayEvents(server, self, ['serverDescriptionChanged']);
+    return server;
+  });
+
+  // Emit the topology opening event
+  emitSDAMEvent(this, 'topologyOpening', { topologyId: this.id });
+
+  // Start all server connections
+  connectProxies(self, servers);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Authenticate the topology.
+ * @method
+ * @param {MongoCredentials} credentials The credentials for authentication we are using
+ * @param {authResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.auth = function(credentials, callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+};
+
+function handleEvent(self) {
+  return function() {
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Move to list of disconnectedProxies
+    moveServerFrom(self.connectedProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, this);
+    // Emit the initial topology
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+    // Emit the left signal
+    self.emit('left', 'mongos', this);
+    // Emit the sdam event
+    self.emit('serverClosed', {
+      topologyId: self.id,
+      address: this.name
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+function handleInitialConnectEvent(self, event) {
+  return function() {
+    var _this = this;
+
+    // Destroy the instance
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED) {
+      // Emit the initial topology
+      emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+      // Move from connectingProxies
+      moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, this);
+      return this.destroy();
+    }
+
+    // Check the type of server
+    if (event === 'connect') {
+      // Get last known ismaster
+      self.ismaster = _this.lastIsMaster();
+
+      // Is this not a proxy, remove t
+      if (self.ismaster.msg === 'isdbgrid') {
+        // Add to the connectd list
+        for (let i = 0; i < self.connectedProxies.length; i++) {
+          if (self.connectedProxies[i].name === _this.name) {
+            // Move from connectingProxies
+            moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, _this);
+            // Emit the initial topology
+            emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+            _this.destroy();
+            return self.emit('failed', _this);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Remove the handlers
+        for (let i = 0; i < handlers.length; i++) {
+          _this.removeAllListeners(handlers[i]);
+        }
+
+        // Add stable state handlers
+        _this.on('error', handleEvent(self, 'error'));
+        _this.on('close', handleEvent(self, 'close'));
+        _this.on('timeout', handleEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+        _this.on('parseError', handleEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+
+        // Move from connecting proxies connected
+        moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.connectedProxies, _this);
+        // Emit the joined event
+        self.emit('joined', 'mongos', _this);
+      } else {
+        // Print warning if we did not find a mongos proxy
+        if (self.s.logger.isWarn()) {
+          var message = 'expected mongos proxy, but found replicaset member mongod for server %s';
+          // We have a standalone server
+          if (!self.ismaster.hosts) {
+            message = 'expected mongos proxy, but found standalone mongod for server %s';
+          }
+
+          self.s.logger.warn(f(message, _this.name));
+        }
+
+        // This is not a mongos proxy, destroy and remove it completely
+        _this.destroy(true);
+        removeProxyFrom(self.connectingProxies, _this);
+        // Emit the left event
+        self.emit('left', 'server', _this);
+        // Emit failed event
+        self.emit('failed', _this);
+      }
+    } else {
+      moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, this);
+      // Emit the left event
+      self.emit('left', 'mongos', this);
+      // Emit failed event
+      self.emit('failed', this);
+    }
+
+    // Emit the initial topology
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+
+    // Trigger topologyMonitor
+    if (self.connectingProxies.length === 0) {
+      // Emit connected if we are connected
+      if (self.connectedProxies.length > 0 && self.state === CONNECTING) {
+        // Set the state to connected
+        stateTransition(self, CONNECTED);
+        // Emit the connect event
+        self.emit('connect', self);
+        self.emit('fullsetup', self);
+        self.emit('all', self);
+      } else if (self.disconnectedProxies.length === 0) {
+        // Print warning if we did not find a mongos proxy
+        if (self.s.logger.isWarn()) {
+          self.s.logger.warn(
+            f('no mongos proxies found in seed list, did you mean to connect to a replicaset')
+          );
+        }
+
+        // Emit the error that no proxies were found
+        return self.emit('error', new MongoError('no mongos proxies found in seed list'));
+      }
+
+      // Topology monitor
+      topologyMonitor(self, { firstConnect: true });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function connectProxies(self, servers) {
+  // Update connectingProxies
+  self.connectingProxies = self.connectingProxies.concat(servers);
+
+  // Index used to interleaf the server connects, avoiding
+  // runtime issues on io constrained vm's
+  var timeoutInterval = 0;
+
+  function connect(server, timeoutInterval) {
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      // Emit opening server event
+      self.emit('serverOpening', {
+        topologyId: self.id,
+        address: server.name
+      });
+
+      // Emit the initial topology
+      emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+
+      // Add event handlers
+      server.once('close', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'close'));
+      server.once('timeout', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+      server.once('parseError', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+      server.once('error', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'error'));
+      server.once('connect', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'connect'));
+
+      // Command Monitoring events
+      relayEvents(server, self, ['commandStarted', 'commandSucceeded', 'commandFailed']);
+
+      // Start connection
+      server.connect(self.s.connectOptions);
+    }, timeoutInterval);
+  }
+
+  // Start all the servers
+  servers.forEach(server => connect(server, timeoutInterval++));
+}
+
+function pickProxy(self, session) {
+  // TODO: Destructure :)
+  const transaction = session && session.transaction;
+
+  if (transaction && transaction.server) {
+    if (transaction.server.isConnected()) {
+      return transaction.server;
+    } else {
+      transaction.unpinServer();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get the currently connected Proxies
+  var connectedProxies = self.connectedProxies.slice(0);
+
+  // Set lower bound
+  var lowerBoundLatency = Number.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  // Determine the lower bound for the Proxies
+  for (var i = 0; i < connectedProxies.length; i++) {
+    if (connectedProxies[i].lastIsMasterMS < lowerBoundLatency) {
+      lowerBoundLatency = connectedProxies[i].lastIsMasterMS;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Filter out the possible servers
+  connectedProxies = connectedProxies.filter(function(server) {
+    if (
+      server.lastIsMasterMS <= lowerBoundLatency + self.s.localThresholdMS &&
+      server.isConnected()
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  });
+
+  let proxy;
+
+  // We have no connectedProxies pick first of the connected ones
+  if (connectedProxies.length === 0) {
+    proxy = self.connectedProxies[0];
+  } else {
+    // Get proxy
+    proxy = connectedProxies[self.index % connectedProxies.length];
+    // Update the index
+    self.index = (self.index + 1) % connectedProxies.length;
+  }
+
+  if (transaction && transaction.isActive && proxy && proxy.isConnected()) {
+    transaction.pinServer(proxy);
+  }
+
+  // Return the proxy
+  return proxy;
+}
+
+function moveServerFrom(from, to, proxy) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
+    if (from[i].name === proxy.name) {
+      from.splice(i, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < to.length; i++) {
+    if (to[i].name === proxy.name) {
+      to.splice(i, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  to.push(proxy);
+}
+
+function removeProxyFrom(from, proxy) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
+    if (from[i].name === proxy.name) {
+      from.splice(i, 1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function reconnectProxies(self, proxies, callback) {
+  // Count lefts
+  var count = proxies.length;
+
+  // Handle events
+  var _handleEvent = function(self, event) {
+    return function() {
+      var _self = this;
+      count = count - 1;
+
+      // Destroyed
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, _self);
+        return this.destroy();
+      }
+
+      if (event === 'connect') {
+        // Destroyed
+        if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+          moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, _self);
+          return _self.destroy();
+        }
+
+        // Remove the handlers
+        for (var i = 0; i < handlers.length; i++) {
+          _self.removeAllListeners(handlers[i]);
+        }
+
+        // Add stable state handlers
+        _self.on('error', handleEvent(self, 'error'));
+        _self.on('close', handleEvent(self, 'close'));
+        _self.on('timeout', handleEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+        _self.on('parseError', handleEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+
+        // Move to the connected servers
+        moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.connectedProxies, _self);
+        // Emit topology Change
+        emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+        // Emit joined event
+        self.emit('joined', 'mongos', _self);
+      } else {
+        // Move from connectingProxies
+        moveServerFrom(self.connectingProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, _self);
+        this.destroy();
+      }
+
+      // Are we done finish up callback
+      if (count === 0) {
+        callback();
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  // No new servers
+  if (count === 0) {
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  // Execute method
+  function execute(_server, i) {
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      // Destroyed
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Create a new server instance
+      var server = new Server(
+        Object.assign({}, self.s.options, {
+          host: _server.name.split(':')[0],
+          port: parseInt(_server.name.split(':')[1], 10),
+          reconnect: false,
+          monitoring: false,
+          parent: self
+        })
+      );
+
+      destroyServer(_server, { force: true });
+      removeProxyFrom(self.disconnectedProxies, _server);
+
+      // Relay the server description change
+      relayEvents(server, self, ['serverDescriptionChanged']);
+
+      // Emit opening server event
+      self.emit('serverOpening', {
+        topologyId: server.s.topologyId !== -1 ? server.s.topologyId : self.id,
+        address: server.name
+      });
+
+      // Add temp handlers
+      server.once('connect', _handleEvent(self, 'connect'));
+      server.once('close', _handleEvent(self, 'close'));
+      server.once('timeout', _handleEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+      server.once('error', _handleEvent(self, 'error'));
+      server.once('parseError', _handleEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+
+      // Command Monitoring events
+      relayEvents(server, self, ['commandStarted', 'commandSucceeded', 'commandFailed']);
+
+      // Connect to proxy
+      self.connectingProxies.push(server);
+      server.connect(self.s.connectOptions);
+    }, i);
+  }
+
+  // Create new instances
+  for (var i = 0; i < proxies.length; i++) {
+    execute(proxies[i], i);
+  }
+}
+
+function topologyMonitor(self, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // no need to set up the monitor if we're already closed
+  if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set momitoring timeout
+  self.haTimeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If we have a primary and a disconnect handler, execute
+    // buffered operations
+    if (self.isConnected() && self.s.disconnectHandler) {
+      self.s.disconnectHandler.execute();
+    }
+
+    // Get the connectingServers
+    var proxies = self.connectedProxies.slice(0);
+    // Get the count
+    var count = proxies.length;
+
+    // If the count is zero schedule a new fast
+    function pingServer(_self, _server, cb) {
+      // Measure running time
+      var start = new Date().getTime();
+
+      // Emit the server heartbeat start
+      emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatStarted', { connectionId: _server.name });
+
+      // Execute ismaster
+      _server.command(
+        'admin.$cmd',
+        {
+          ismaster: true
+        },
+        {
+          monitoring: true,
+          socketTimeout: self.s.options.connectionTimeout || 2000
+        },
+        function(err, r) {
+          if (
+            self.state === DESTROYED ||
+            self.state === DESTROYING ||
+            self.state === UNREFERENCED
+          ) {
+            // Move from connectingProxies
+            moveServerFrom(self.connectedProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, _server);
+            _server.destroy();
+            return cb(err, r);
+          }
+
+          // Calculate latency
+          var latencyMS = new Date().getTime() - start;
+
+          // We had an error, remove it from the state
+          if (err) {
+            // Emit the server heartbeat failure
+            emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatFailed', {
+              durationMS: latencyMS,
+              failure: err,
+              connectionId: _server.name
+            });
+            // Move from connected proxies to disconnected proxies
+            moveServerFrom(self.connectedProxies, self.disconnectedProxies, _server);
+          } else {
+            // Update the server ismaster
+            _server.ismaster = r.result;
+            _server.lastIsMasterMS = latencyMS;
+
+            // Server heart beat event
+            emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatSucceeded', {
+              durationMS: latencyMS,
+              reply: r.result,
+              connectionId: _server.name
+            });
+          }
+
+          cb(err, r);
+        }
+      );
+    }
+
+    // No proxies initiate monitor again
+    if (proxies.length === 0) {
+      // Emit close event if any listeners registered
+      if (self.listeners('close').length > 0 && self.state === CONNECTING) {
+        self.emit('error', new MongoError('no mongos proxy available'));
+      } else {
+        self.emit('close', self);
+      }
+
+      // Attempt to connect to any unknown servers
+      return reconnectProxies(self, self.disconnectedProxies, function() {
+        if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === DESTROYING || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Are we connected ? emit connect event
+        if (self.state === CONNECTING && options.firstConnect) {
+          self.emit('connect', self);
+          self.emit('fullsetup', self);
+          self.emit('all', self);
+        } else if (self.isConnected()) {
+          self.emit('reconnect', self);
+        } else if (!self.isConnected() && self.listeners('close').length > 0) {
+          self.emit('close', self);
+        }
+
+        // Perform topology monitor
+        topologyMonitor(self);
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Ping all servers
+    for (var i = 0; i < proxies.length; i++) {
+      pingServer(self, proxies[i], function() {
+        count = count - 1;
+
+        if (count === 0) {
+          if (
+            self.state === DESTROYED ||
+            self.state === DESTROYING ||
+            self.state === UNREFERENCED
+          ) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          // Attempt to connect to any unknown servers
+          reconnectProxies(self, self.disconnectedProxies, function() {
+            if (
+              self.state === DESTROYED ||
+              self.state === DESTROYING ||
+              self.state === UNREFERENCED
+            ) {
+              return;
+            }
+
+            // Perform topology monitor
+            topologyMonitor(self);
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }, self.s.haInterval);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the last known ismaster document for this server
+ * @method
+ * @return {object}
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.lastIsMaster = function() {
+  return this.ismaster;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unref all connections belong to this server
+ * @method
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.unref = function() {
+  // Transition state
+  stateTransition(this, UNREFERENCED);
+  // Get all proxies
+  var proxies = this.connectedProxies.concat(this.connectingProxies);
+  proxies.forEach(function(x) {
+    x.unref();
+  });
+
+  clearTimeout(this.haTimeoutId);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Destroy the server connection
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=false] Force destroy the pool
+ * @method
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.destroy = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  stateTransition(this, DESTROYING);
+  if (this.haTimeoutId) {
+    clearTimeout(this.haTimeoutId);
+  }
+
+  const proxies = this.connectedProxies.concat(this.connectingProxies);
+  let serverCount = proxies.length;
+  const serverDestroyed = () => {
+    serverCount--;
+    if (serverCount > 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(this);
+    emitSDAMEvent(this, 'topologyClosed', { topologyId: this.id });
+    stateTransition(this, DESTROYED);
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(null, null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (serverCount === 0) {
+    serverDestroyed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Destroy all connecting servers
+  proxies.forEach(server => {
+    // Emit the sdam event
+    this.emit('serverClosed', {
+      topologyId: this.id,
+      address: server.name
+    });
+
+    destroyServer(server, options, serverDestroyed);
+    moveServerFrom(this.connectedProxies, this.disconnectedProxies, server);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Figure out if the server is connected
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.isConnected = function() {
+  return this.connectedProxies.length > 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Figure out if the server instance was destroyed by calling destroy
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.isDestroyed = function() {
+  return this.state === DESTROYED;
+};
+
+//
+// Operations
+//
+
+function executeWriteOperation(args, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // TODO: once we drop Node 4, use destructuring either here or in arguments.
+  const self = args.self;
+  const op = args.op;
+  const ns = args.ns;
+  const ops = args.ops;
+
+  // Pick a server
+  let server = pickProxy(self, options.session);
+  // No server found error out
+  if (!server) return callback(new MongoError('no mongos proxy available'));
+
+  const willRetryWrite =
+    !args.retrying &&
+    !!options.retryWrites &&
+    options.session &&
+    isRetryableWritesSupported(self) &&
+    !options.session.inTransaction() &&
+    options.explain === undefined;
+
+  const handler = (err, result) => {
+    if (!err) return callback(null, result);
+    if (!legacyIsRetryableWriteError(err, self) || !willRetryWrite) {
+      err = getMMAPError(err);
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    // Pick another server
+    server = pickProxy(self, options.session);
+
+    // No server found error out with original error
+    if (!server) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    const newArgs = Object.assign({}, args, { retrying: true });
+    return executeWriteOperation(newArgs, options, callback);
+  };
+
+  if (callback.operationId) {
+    handler.operationId = callback.operationId;
+  }
+
+  // increment and assign txnNumber
+  if (willRetryWrite) {
+    options.session.incrementTransactionNumber();
+    options.willRetryWrite = willRetryWrite;
+  }
+
+  // rerun the operation
+  server[op](ns, ops, options, handler);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert one or more documents
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of documents to insert
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.insert = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(f('topology was destroyed')));
+  }
+
+  // Not connected but we have a disconnecthandler
+  if (!this.isConnected() && this.s.disconnectHandler != null) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('insert', ns, ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // No mongos proxy available
+  if (!this.isConnected()) {
+    return callback(new MongoError('no mongos proxy available'));
+  }
+
+  // Execute write operation
+  executeWriteOperation({ self: this, op: 'insert', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform one or more update operations
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of updates
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.update = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(f('topology was destroyed')));
+  }
+
+  // Not connected but we have a disconnecthandler
+  if (!this.isConnected() && this.s.disconnectHandler != null) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('update', ns, ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // No mongos proxy available
+  if (!this.isConnected()) {
+    return callback(new MongoError('no mongos proxy available'));
+  }
+
+  // Execute write operation
+  executeWriteOperation({ self: this, op: 'update', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform one or more remove operations
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of removes
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.remove = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(f('topology was destroyed')));
+  }
+
+  // Not connected but we have a disconnecthandler
+  if (!this.isConnected() && this.s.disconnectHandler != null) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('remove', ns, ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // No mongos proxy available
+  if (!this.isConnected()) {
+    return callback(new MongoError('no mongos proxy available'));
+  }
+
+  // Execute write operation
+  executeWriteOperation({ self: this, op: 'remove', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+};
+
+const RETRYABLE_WRITE_OPERATIONS = ['findAndModify', 'insert', 'update', 'delete'];
+
+function isWriteCommand(command) {
+  return RETRYABLE_WRITE_OPERATIONS.some(op => command[op]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object} cmd The command hash
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {Connection} [options.connection] Specify connection object to execute command against
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.command = function(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(f('topology was destroyed')));
+  }
+
+  var self = this;
+
+  // Pick a proxy
+  var server = pickProxy(self, options.session);
+
+  // Topology is not connected, save the call in the provided store to be
+  // Executed at some point when the handler deems it's reconnected
+  if ((server == null || !server.isConnected()) && this.s.disconnectHandler != null) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('command', ns, cmd, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // No server returned we had an error
+  if (server == null) {
+    return callback(new MongoError('no mongos proxy available'));
+  }
+
+  // Cloned options
+  var clonedOptions = cloneOptions(options);
+  clonedOptions.topology = self;
+
+  const willRetryWrite =
+    !options.retrying &&
+    options.retryWrites &&
+    options.session &&
+    isRetryableWritesSupported(self) &&
+    !options.session.inTransaction() &&
+    isWriteCommand(cmd);
+
+  const cb = (err, result) => {
+    if (!err) return callback(null, result);
+    if (!legacyIsRetryableWriteError(err, self)) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    if (willRetryWrite) {
+      const newOptions = Object.assign({}, clonedOptions, { retrying: true });
+      return this.command(ns, cmd, newOptions, callback);
+    }
+
+    return callback(err);
+  };
+
+  // increment and assign txnNumber
+  if (willRetryWrite) {
+    clonedOptions.session.incrementTransactionNumber();
+    clonedOptions.willRetryWrite = willRetryWrite;
+  }
+
+  // Execute the command
+  server.command(ns, cmd, clonedOptions, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get a new cursor
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object|Long} cmd Can be either a command returning a cursor or a cursorId
+ * @param {object} [options] Options for the cursor
+ * @param {object} [options.batchSize=0] Batchsize for the operation
+ * @param {array} [options.documents=[]] Initial documents list for cursor
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {object} [options.topology] The internal topology of the created cursor
+ * @returns {Cursor}
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.cursor = function(ns, cmd, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const topology = options.topology || this;
+
+  // Set up final cursor type
+  var FinalCursor = options.cursorFactory || this.s.Cursor;
+
+  // Return the cursor
+  return new FinalCursor(topology, ns, cmd, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Selects a server
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {function} selector Unused
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Unused
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Specify a session if it is being used
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.selectServer = function(selector, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof selector === 'function' && typeof callback === 'undefined')
+    (callback = selector), (selector = undefined), (options = {});
+  if (typeof options === 'function')
+    (callback = options), (options = selector), (selector = undefined);
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const server = pickProxy(this, options.session);
+  if (server == null) {
+    callback(new MongoError('server selection failed'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this.s.debug) this.emit('pickedServer', null, server);
+  callback(null, server);
+};
+
+/**
+ * All raw connections
+ * @method
+ * @return {Connection[]}
+ */
+Mongos.prototype.connections = function() {
+  var connections = [];
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.connectedProxies.length; i++) {
+    connections = connections.concat(this.connectedProxies[i].connections());
+  }
+
+  return connections;
+};
+
+function emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self) {
+  if (self.listeners('topologyDescriptionChanged').length > 0) {
+    var topology = 'Unknown';
+    if (self.connectedProxies.length > 0) {
+      topology = 'Sharded';
+    }
+
+    // Generate description
+    var description = {
+      topologyType: topology,
+      servers: []
+    };
+
+    // All proxies
+    var proxies = self.disconnectedProxies.concat(self.connectingProxies);
+
+    // Add all the disconnected proxies
+    description.servers = description.servers.concat(
+      proxies.map(function(x) {
+        var description = x.getDescription();
+        description.type = 'Unknown';
+        return description;
+      })
+    );
+
+    // Add all the connected proxies
+    description.servers = description.servers.concat(
+      self.connectedProxies.map(function(x) {
+        var description = x.getDescription();
+        description.type = 'Mongos';
+        return description;
+      })
+    );
+
+    // Get the diff
+    var diffResult = diff(self.topologyDescription, description);
+
+    // Create the result
+    var result = {
+      topologyId: self.id,
+      previousDescription: self.topologyDescription,
+      newDescription: description,
+      diff: diffResult
+    };
+
+    // Emit the topologyDescription change
+    if (diffResult.servers.length > 0) {
+      self.emit('topologyDescriptionChanged', result);
+    }
+
+    // Set the new description
+    self.topologyDescription = description;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A mongos connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#connect
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A mongos reconnect event, used to verify that the mongos topology has reconnected
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#reconnect
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A mongos fullsetup event, used to signal that all topology members have been contacted.
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#fullsetup
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A mongos all event, used to signal that all topology members have been contacted.
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#all
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member left the mongos list
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#left
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that left (mongos)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that left
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member joined the mongos list
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#joined
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that left (mongos)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that joined
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server opening SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#serverOpening
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server closed SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#serverClosed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server description SDAM change monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#serverDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology open SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#topologyOpening
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology closed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#topologyClosed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology structure SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatStarted SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatFailed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatSucceeded SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command was started, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#commandStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command succeeded, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#commandSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command failed, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#commandFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Mongos;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/read_preference.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/read_preference.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afd2362f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/read_preference.js
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+'use strict';
+const emitWarningOnce = require('../../utils').emitWarningOnce;
+
+/**
+ * The **ReadPreference** class is a class that represents a MongoDB ReadPreference and is
+ * used to construct connections.
+ * @class
+ * @param {string} mode A string describing the read preference mode (primary|primaryPreferred|secondary|secondaryPreferred|nearest)
+ * @param {array} tags The tags object
+ * @param {object} [options] Additional read preference options
+ * @param {number} [options.maxStalenessSeconds] Max secondary read staleness in seconds, Minimum value is 90 seconds.
+ * @param {object} [options.hedge] Server mode in which the same query is dispatched in parallel to multiple replica set members.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.hedge.enabled] Explicitly enable or disable hedged reads.
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/read-preference/
+ * @return {ReadPreference}
+ */
+const ReadPreference = function(mode, tags, options) {
+  if (!ReadPreference.isValid(mode)) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Invalid read preference mode ${mode}`);
+  }
+
+  // TODO(major): tags MUST be an array of tagsets
+  if (tags && !Array.isArray(tags)) {
+    emitWarningOnce(
+      'ReadPreference tags must be an array, this will change in the next major version'
+    );
+
+    const tagsHasMaxStalenessSeconds = typeof tags.maxStalenessSeconds !== 'undefined';
+    const tagsHasHedge = typeof tags.hedge !== 'undefined';
+    const tagsHasOptions = tagsHasMaxStalenessSeconds || tagsHasHedge;
+    if (tagsHasOptions) {
+      // this is likely an options object
+      options = tags;
+      tags = undefined;
+    } else {
+      tags = [tags];
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.mode = mode;
+  this.tags = tags;
+  this.hedge = options && options.hedge;
+
+  options = options || {};
+  if (options.maxStalenessSeconds != null) {
+    if (options.maxStalenessSeconds <= 0) {
+      throw new TypeError('maxStalenessSeconds must be a positive integer');
+    }
+
+    this.maxStalenessSeconds = options.maxStalenessSeconds;
+
+    // NOTE: The minimum required wire version is 5 for this read preference. If the existing
+    //       topology has a lower value then a MongoError will be thrown during server selection.
+    this.minWireVersion = 5;
+  }
+
+  if (this.mode === ReadPreference.PRIMARY) {
+    if (this.tags && Array.isArray(this.tags) && this.tags.length > 0) {
+      throw new TypeError('Primary read preference cannot be combined with tags');
+    }
+
+    if (this.maxStalenessSeconds) {
+      throw new TypeError('Primary read preference cannot be combined with maxStalenessSeconds');
+    }
+
+    if (this.hedge) {
+      throw new TypeError('Primary read preference cannot be combined with hedge');
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Support the deprecated `preference` property introduced in the porcelain layer
+Object.defineProperty(ReadPreference.prototype, 'preference', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.mode;
+  }
+});
+
+/*
+ * Read preference mode constants
+ */
+ReadPreference.PRIMARY = 'primary';
+ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED = 'primaryPreferred';
+ReadPreference.SECONDARY = 'secondary';
+ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED = 'secondaryPreferred';
+ReadPreference.NEAREST = 'nearest';
+
+const VALID_MODES = [
+  ReadPreference.PRIMARY,
+  ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED,
+  ReadPreference.SECONDARY,
+  ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED,
+  ReadPreference.NEAREST,
+  null
+];
+
+/**
+ * Construct a ReadPreference given an options object.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options The options object from which to extract the read preference.
+ * @return {ReadPreference}
+ */
+ReadPreference.fromOptions = function(options) {
+  if (!options) return null;
+  const readPreference = options.readPreference;
+  if (!readPreference) return null;
+  const readPreferenceTags = options.readPreferenceTags;
+  const maxStalenessSeconds = options.maxStalenessSeconds;
+  if (typeof readPreference === 'string') {
+    return new ReadPreference(readPreference, readPreferenceTags);
+  } else if (!(readPreference instanceof ReadPreference) && typeof readPreference === 'object') {
+    const mode = readPreference.mode || readPreference.preference;
+    if (mode && typeof mode === 'string') {
+      return new ReadPreference(mode, readPreference.tags, {
+        maxStalenessSeconds: readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds || maxStalenessSeconds,
+        hedge: readPreference.hedge
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return readPreference;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resolves a read preference based on well-defined inheritance rules. This method will not only
+ * determine the read preference (if there is one), but will also ensure the returned value is a
+ * properly constructed instance of `ReadPreference`.
+ *
+ * @param {Collection|Db|MongoClient} parent The parent of the operation on which to determine the read
+ * preference, used for determining the inherited read preference.
+ * @param {object} options The options passed into the method, potentially containing a read preference
+ * @returns {(ReadPreference|null)} The resolved read preference
+ */
+ReadPreference.resolve = function(parent, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const session = options.session;
+
+  const inheritedReadPreference = parent && parent.readPreference;
+
+  let readPreference;
+  if (options.readPreference) {
+    readPreference = ReadPreference.fromOptions(options);
+  } else if (session && session.inTransaction() && session.transaction.options.readPreference) {
+    // The transaction’s read preference MUST override all other user configurable read preferences.
+    readPreference = session.transaction.options.readPreference;
+  } else if (inheritedReadPreference != null) {
+    readPreference = inheritedReadPreference;
+  } else {
+    readPreference = ReadPreference.primary;
+  }
+
+  return typeof readPreference === 'string' ? new ReadPreference(readPreference) : readPreference;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Replaces options.readPreference with a ReadPreference instance
+ */
+ReadPreference.translate = function(options) {
+  if (options.readPreference == null) return options;
+  const r = options.readPreference;
+
+  if (typeof r === 'string') {
+    options.readPreference = new ReadPreference(r);
+  } else if (r && !(r instanceof ReadPreference) && typeof r === 'object') {
+    const mode = r.mode || r.preference;
+    if (mode && typeof mode === 'string') {
+      options.readPreference = new ReadPreference(mode, r.tags, {
+        maxStalenessSeconds: r.maxStalenessSeconds
+      });
+    }
+  } else if (!(r instanceof ReadPreference)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid read preference: ' + r);
+  }
+
+  return options;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Validate if a mode is legal
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} mode The string representing the read preference mode.
+ * @return {boolean} True if a mode is valid
+ */
+ReadPreference.isValid = function(mode) {
+  return VALID_MODES.indexOf(mode) !== -1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Validate if a mode is legal
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} mode The string representing the read preference mode.
+ * @return {boolean} True if a mode is valid
+ */
+ReadPreference.prototype.isValid = function(mode) {
+  return ReadPreference.isValid(typeof mode === 'string' ? mode : this.mode);
+};
+
+const needSlaveOk = ['primaryPreferred', 'secondary', 'secondaryPreferred', 'nearest'];
+
+/**
+ * Indicates that this readPreference needs the "slaveOk" bit when sent over the wire
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/mongodb-wire-protocol/#op-query
+ */
+ReadPreference.prototype.slaveOk = function() {
+  return needSlaveOk.indexOf(this.mode) !== -1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Are the two read preference equal
+ * @method
+ * @param {ReadPreference} readPreference The read preference with which to check equality
+ * @return {boolean} True if the two ReadPreferences are equivalent
+ */
+ReadPreference.prototype.equals = function(readPreference) {
+  return readPreference.mode === this.mode;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return JSON representation
+ * @method
+ * @return {Object} A JSON representation of the ReadPreference
+ */
+ReadPreference.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+  const readPreference = { mode: this.mode };
+  if (Array.isArray(this.tags)) readPreference.tags = this.tags;
+  if (this.maxStalenessSeconds) readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds = this.maxStalenessSeconds;
+  if (this.hedge) readPreference.hedge = this.hedge;
+  return readPreference;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Primary read preference
+ * @member
+ * @type {ReadPreference}
+ */
+ReadPreference.primary = new ReadPreference('primary');
+/**
+ * Primary Preferred read preference
+ * @member
+ * @type {ReadPreference}
+ */
+ReadPreference.primaryPreferred = new ReadPreference('primaryPreferred');
+/**
+ * Secondary read preference
+ * @member
+ * @type {ReadPreference}
+ */
+ReadPreference.secondary = new ReadPreference('secondary');
+/**
+ * Secondary Preferred read preference
+ * @member
+ * @type {ReadPreference}
+ */
+ReadPreference.secondaryPreferred = new ReadPreference('secondaryPreferred');
+/**
+ * Nearest read preference
+ * @member
+ * @type {ReadPreference}
+ */
+ReadPreference.nearest = new ReadPreference('nearest');
+
+module.exports = ReadPreference;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/replset.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/replset.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03adc7cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/replset.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1565 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const inherits = require('util').inherits;
+const f = require('util').format;
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const ReadPreference = require('./read_preference');
+const CoreCursor = require('../cursor').CoreCursor;
+const retrieveBSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const Logger = require('../connection/logger');
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const Server = require('./server');
+const ReplSetState = require('./replset_state');
+const Timeout = require('./shared').Timeout;
+const Interval = require('./shared').Interval;
+const SessionMixins = require('./shared').SessionMixins;
+const isRetryableWritesSupported = require('./shared').isRetryableWritesSupported;
+const relayEvents = require('../utils').relayEvents;
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const getMMAPError = require('./shared').getMMAPError;
+const makeClientMetadata = require('../utils').makeClientMetadata;
+const legacyIsRetryableWriteError = require('./shared').legacyIsRetryableWriteError;
+const now = require('../../utils').now;
+const calculateDurationInMs = require('../../utils').calculateDurationInMs;
+
+//
+// States
+var DISCONNECTED = 'disconnected';
+var CONNECTING = 'connecting';
+var CONNECTED = 'connected';
+var UNREFERENCED = 'unreferenced';
+var DESTROYED = 'destroyed';
+
+function stateTransition(self, newState) {
+  var legalTransitions = {
+    disconnected: [CONNECTING, DESTROYED, DISCONNECTED],
+    connecting: [CONNECTING, DESTROYED, CONNECTED, DISCONNECTED],
+    connected: [CONNECTED, DISCONNECTED, DESTROYED, UNREFERENCED],
+    unreferenced: [UNREFERENCED, DESTROYED],
+    destroyed: [DESTROYED]
+  };
+
+  // Get current state
+  var legalStates = legalTransitions[self.state];
+  if (legalStates && legalStates.indexOf(newState) !== -1) {
+    self.state = newState;
+  } else {
+    self.s.logger.error(
+      f(
+        'Pool with id [%s] failed attempted illegal state transition from [%s] to [%s] only following state allowed [%s]',
+        self.id,
+        self.state,
+        newState,
+        legalStates
+      )
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+//
+// ReplSet instance id
+var id = 1;
+var handlers = ['connect', 'close', 'error', 'timeout', 'parseError'];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Replset instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {array} seedlist A list of seeds for the replicaset
+ * @param {boolean} options.setName The Replicaset set name
+ * @param {boolean} [options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed=false] Allow connection to a secondary only replicaset
+ * @param {number} [options.haInterval=10000] The High availability period for replicaset inquiry
+ * @param {boolean} [options.emitError=false] Server will emit errors events
+ * @param {Cursor} [options.cursorFactory=Cursor] The cursor factory class used for all query cursors
+ * @param {number} [options.size=5] Server connection pool size
+ * @param {boolean} [options.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] Initial delay before TCP keep alive enabled
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noDelay=true] TCP Connection no delay
+ * @param {number} [options.connectionTimeout=10000] TCP Connection timeout setting
+ * @param {number} [options.socketTimeout=0] TCP Socket timeout setting
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use SSL for connection
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.ca] SSL Certificate store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.crl] SSL Certificate revocation store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.cert] SSL Certificate binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.key] SSL Key file binary buffer
+ * @param {string} [options.passphrase] SSL Certificate pass phrase
+ * @param {string} [options.servername=null] String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.rejectUnauthorized=true] Reject unauthorized server certificates
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Convert Long values from the db into Numbers if they fit into 53 bits
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {number} [options.pingInterval=5000] Ping interval to check the response time to the different servers
+ * @param {number} [options.localThresholdMS=15] Cutoff latency point in MS for Replicaset member selection
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitorCommands=false] Enable command monitoring for this topology
+ * @return {ReplSet} A cursor instance
+ * @fires ReplSet#connect
+ * @fires ReplSet#ha
+ * @fires ReplSet#joined
+ * @fires ReplSet#left
+ * @fires ReplSet#failed
+ * @fires ReplSet#fullsetup
+ * @fires ReplSet#all
+ * @fires ReplSet#error
+ * @fires ReplSet#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @fires ReplSet#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @fires ReplSet#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ * @fires ReplSet#topologyOpening
+ * @fires ReplSet#topologyClosed
+ * @fires ReplSet#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @property {string} type the topology type.
+ * @property {string} parserType the parser type used (c++ or js).
+ */
+var ReplSet = function(seedlist, options) {
+  var self = this;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Validate seedlist
+  if (!Array.isArray(seedlist)) throw new MongoError('seedlist must be an array');
+  // Validate list
+  if (seedlist.length === 0) throw new MongoError('seedlist must contain at least one entry');
+  // Validate entries
+  seedlist.forEach(function(e) {
+    if (typeof e.host !== 'string' || typeof e.port !== 'number')
+      throw new MongoError('seedlist entry must contain a host and port');
+  });
+
+  // Add event listener
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  // Get replSet Id
+  this.id = id++;
+
+  // Get the localThresholdMS
+  var localThresholdMS = options.localThresholdMS || 15;
+  // Backward compatibility
+  if (options.acceptableLatency) localThresholdMS = options.acceptableLatency;
+
+  // Create a logger
+  var logger = Logger('ReplSet', options);
+
+  // Internal state
+  this.s = {
+    options: Object.assign({ metadata: makeClientMetadata(options) }, options),
+    // BSON instance
+    bson:
+      options.bson ||
+      new BSON([
+        BSON.Binary,
+        BSON.Code,
+        BSON.DBRef,
+        BSON.Decimal128,
+        BSON.Double,
+        BSON.Int32,
+        BSON.Long,
+        BSON.Map,
+        BSON.MaxKey,
+        BSON.MinKey,
+        BSON.ObjectId,
+        BSON.BSONRegExp,
+        BSON.Symbol,
+        BSON.Timestamp
+      ]),
+    // Factory overrides
+    Cursor: options.cursorFactory || CoreCursor,
+    // Logger instance
+    logger: logger,
+    // Seedlist
+    seedlist: seedlist,
+    // Replicaset state
+    replicaSetState: new ReplSetState({
+      id: this.id,
+      setName: options.setName,
+      acceptableLatency: localThresholdMS,
+      heartbeatFrequencyMS: options.haInterval ? options.haInterval : 10000,
+      logger: logger
+    }),
+    // Current servers we are connecting to
+    connectingServers: [],
+    // Ha interval
+    haInterval: options.haInterval ? options.haInterval : 10000,
+    // Minimum heartbeat frequency used if we detect a server close
+    minHeartbeatFrequencyMS: 500,
+    // Disconnect handler
+    disconnectHandler: options.disconnectHandler,
+    // Server selection index
+    index: 0,
+    // Connect function options passed in
+    connectOptions: {},
+    // Are we running in debug mode
+    debug: typeof options.debug === 'boolean' ? options.debug : false
+  };
+
+  // Add handler for topology change
+  this.s.replicaSetState.on('topologyDescriptionChanged', function(r) {
+    self.emit('topologyDescriptionChanged', r);
+  });
+
+  // Log info warning if the socketTimeout < haInterval as it will cause
+  // a lot of recycled connections to happen.
+  if (
+    this.s.logger.isWarn() &&
+    this.s.options.socketTimeout !== 0 &&
+    this.s.options.socketTimeout < this.s.haInterval
+  ) {
+    this.s.logger.warn(
+      f(
+        'warning socketTimeout %s is less than haInterval %s. This might cause unnecessary server reconnections due to socket timeouts',
+        this.s.options.socketTimeout,
+        this.s.haInterval
+      )
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Add forwarding of events from state handler
+  var types = ['joined', 'left'];
+  types.forEach(function(x) {
+    self.s.replicaSetState.on(x, function(t, s) {
+      self.emit(x, t, s);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // Connect stat
+  this.initialConnectState = {
+    connect: false,
+    fullsetup: false,
+    all: false
+  };
+
+  // Disconnected state
+  this.state = DISCONNECTED;
+  this.haTimeoutId = null;
+  // Last ismaster
+  this.ismaster = null;
+  // Contains the intervalId
+  this.intervalIds = [];
+
+  // Highest clusterTime seen in responses from the current deployment
+  this.clusterTime = null;
+};
+
+inherits(ReplSet, EventEmitter);
+Object.assign(ReplSet.prototype, SessionMixins);
+
+Object.defineProperty(ReplSet.prototype, 'type', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return 'replset';
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(ReplSet.prototype, 'parserType', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return BSON.native ? 'c++' : 'js';
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(ReplSet.prototype, 'logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.replicaSetState.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes || null;
+  }
+});
+
+function rexecuteOperations(self) {
+  // If we have a primary and a disconnect handler, execute
+  // buffered operations
+  if (self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimaryAndSecondary() && self.s.disconnectHandler) {
+    self.s.disconnectHandler.execute();
+  } else if (self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary() && self.s.disconnectHandler) {
+    self.s.disconnectHandler.execute({ executePrimary: true });
+  } else if (self.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() && self.s.disconnectHandler) {
+    self.s.disconnectHandler.execute({ executeSecondary: true });
+  }
+}
+
+function connectNewServers(self, servers, callback) {
+  // No new servers
+  if (servers.length === 0) {
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  // Count lefts
+  var count = servers.length;
+  var error = null;
+
+  function done() {
+    count = count - 1;
+    if (count === 0) {
+      callback(error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Handle events
+  var _handleEvent = function(self, event) {
+    return function(err) {
+      var _self = this;
+
+      // Destroyed
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        this.destroy({ force: true });
+        return done();
+      }
+
+      if (event === 'connect') {
+        // Update the state
+        var result = self.s.replicaSetState.update(_self);
+        // Update the state with the new server
+        if (result) {
+          // Primary lastIsMaster store it
+          if (_self.lastIsMaster() && _self.lastIsMaster().ismaster) {
+            self.ismaster = _self.lastIsMaster();
+          }
+
+          // Remove the handlers
+          for (let i = 0; i < handlers.length; i++) {
+            _self.removeAllListeners(handlers[i]);
+          }
+
+          // Add stable state handlers
+          _self.on('error', handleEvent(self, 'error'));
+          _self.on('close', handleEvent(self, 'close'));
+          _self.on('timeout', handleEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+          _self.on('parseError', handleEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+
+          // Enalbe the monitoring of the new server
+          monitorServer(_self.lastIsMaster().me, self, {});
+
+          // Rexecute any stalled operation
+          rexecuteOperations(self);
+        } else {
+          _self.destroy({ force: true });
+        }
+      } else if (event === 'error') {
+        error = err;
+      }
+
+      // Rexecute any stalled operation
+      rexecuteOperations(self);
+      done();
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Execute method
+  function execute(_server, i) {
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      // Destroyed
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // remove existing connecting server if it's failed to connect, otherwise
+      // wait for that server to connect
+      const existingServerIdx = self.s.connectingServers.findIndex(s => s.name === _server);
+      if (existingServerIdx >= 0) {
+        const connectingServer = self.s.connectingServers[existingServerIdx];
+        connectingServer.destroy({ force: true });
+
+        self.s.connectingServers.splice(existingServerIdx, 1);
+        return done();
+      }
+
+      // Create a new server instance
+      var server = new Server(
+        Object.assign({}, self.s.options, {
+          host: _server.split(':')[0],
+          port: parseInt(_server.split(':')[1], 10),
+          reconnect: false,
+          monitoring: false,
+          parent: self
+        })
+      );
+
+      // Add temp handlers
+      server.once('connect', _handleEvent(self, 'connect'));
+      server.once('close', _handleEvent(self, 'close'));
+      server.once('timeout', _handleEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+      server.once('error', _handleEvent(self, 'error'));
+      server.once('parseError', _handleEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+
+      // SDAM Monitoring events
+      server.on('serverOpening', e => self.emit('serverOpening', e));
+      server.on('serverDescriptionChanged', e => self.emit('serverDescriptionChanged', e));
+      server.on('serverClosed', e => self.emit('serverClosed', e));
+
+      // Command Monitoring events
+      relayEvents(server, self, ['commandStarted', 'commandSucceeded', 'commandFailed']);
+
+      self.s.connectingServers.push(server);
+      server.connect(self.s.connectOptions);
+    }, i);
+  }
+
+  // Create new instances
+  for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+    execute(servers[i], i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Ping the server
+var pingServer = function(self, server, cb) {
+  // Measure running time
+  var start = new Date().getTime();
+
+  // Emit the server heartbeat start
+  emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatStarted', { connectionId: server.name });
+
+  // Execute ismaster
+  // Set the socketTimeout for a monitoring message to a low number
+  // Ensuring ismaster calls are timed out quickly
+  server.command(
+    'admin.$cmd',
+    {
+      ismaster: true
+    },
+    {
+      monitoring: true,
+      socketTimeout: self.s.options.connectionTimeout || 2000
+    },
+    function(err, r) {
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        server.destroy({ force: true });
+        return cb(err, r);
+      }
+
+      // Calculate latency
+      var latencyMS = new Date().getTime() - start;
+
+      // Set the last updatedTime
+      server.lastUpdateTime = now();
+
+      // We had an error, remove it from the state
+      if (err) {
+        // Emit the server heartbeat failure
+        emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatFailed', {
+          durationMS: latencyMS,
+          failure: err,
+          connectionId: server.name
+        });
+
+        // Remove server from the state
+        self.s.replicaSetState.remove(server);
+      } else {
+        // Update the server ismaster
+        server.ismaster = r.result;
+
+        // Check if we have a lastWriteDate convert it to MS
+        // and store on the server instance for later use
+        if (server.ismaster.lastWrite && server.ismaster.lastWrite.lastWriteDate) {
+          server.lastWriteDate = server.ismaster.lastWrite.lastWriteDate.getTime();
+        }
+
+        // Do we have a brand new server
+        if (server.lastIsMasterMS === -1) {
+          server.lastIsMasterMS = latencyMS;
+        } else if (server.lastIsMasterMS) {
+          // After the first measurement, average RTT MUST be computed using an
+          // exponentially-weighted moving average formula, with a weighting factor (alpha) of 0.2.
+          // If the prior average is denoted old_rtt, then the new average (new_rtt) is
+          // computed from a new RTT measurement (x) using the following formula:
+          // alpha = 0.2
+          // new_rtt = alpha * x + (1 - alpha) * old_rtt
+          server.lastIsMasterMS = 0.2 * latencyMS + (1 - 0.2) * server.lastIsMasterMS;
+        }
+
+        if (self.s.replicaSetState.update(server)) {
+          // Primary lastIsMaster store it
+          if (server.lastIsMaster() && server.lastIsMaster().ismaster) {
+            self.ismaster = server.lastIsMaster();
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Server heart beat event
+        emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatSucceeded', {
+          durationMS: latencyMS,
+          reply: r.result,
+          connectionId: server.name
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Calculate the staleness for this server
+      self.s.replicaSetState.updateServerMaxStaleness(server, self.s.haInterval);
+
+      // Callback
+      cb(err, r);
+    }
+  );
+};
+
+// Each server is monitored in parallel in their own timeout loop
+var monitorServer = function(host, self, options) {
+  // If this is not the initial scan
+  // Is this server already being monitoried, then skip monitoring
+  if (!options.haInterval) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < self.intervalIds.length; i++) {
+      if (self.intervalIds[i].__host === host) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get the haInterval
+  var _process = options.haInterval ? Timeout : Interval;
+  var _haInterval = options.haInterval ? options.haInterval : self.s.haInterval;
+
+  // Create the interval
+  var intervalId = new _process(function() {
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+      // clearInterval(intervalId);
+      intervalId.stop();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Do we already have server connection available for this host
+    var _server = self.s.replicaSetState.get(host);
+
+    // Check if we have a known server connection and reuse
+    if (_server) {
+      // Ping the server
+      return pingServer(self, _server, function(err) {
+        if (err) {
+          // NOTE: should something happen here?
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+          intervalId.stop();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Filter out all called intervaliIds
+        self.intervalIds = self.intervalIds.filter(function(intervalId) {
+          return intervalId.isRunning();
+        });
+
+        // Initial sweep
+        if (_process === Timeout) {
+          if (
+            self.state === CONNECTING &&
+            ((self.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() &&
+              self.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed) ||
+              self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary())
+          ) {
+            stateTransition(self, CONNECTED);
+
+            // Emit connected sign
+            process.nextTick(function() {
+              self.emit('connect', self);
+            });
+
+            // Start topology interval check
+            topologyMonitor(self, {});
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (
+            self.state === DISCONNECTED &&
+            ((self.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() &&
+              self.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed) ||
+              self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary())
+          ) {
+            stateTransition(self, CONNECTING);
+
+            // Rexecute any stalled operation
+            rexecuteOperations(self);
+
+            // Emit connected sign
+            process.nextTick(function() {
+              self.emit('reconnect', self);
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (
+          self.initialConnectState.connect &&
+          !self.initialConnectState.fullsetup &&
+          self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimaryAndSecondary()
+        ) {
+          // Set initial connect state
+          self.initialConnectState.fullsetup = true;
+          self.initialConnectState.all = true;
+
+          process.nextTick(function() {
+            self.emit('fullsetup', self);
+            self.emit('all', self);
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }, _haInterval);
+
+  // Start the interval
+  intervalId.start();
+  // Add the intervalId host name
+  intervalId.__host = host;
+  // Add the intervalId to our list of intervalIds
+  self.intervalIds.push(intervalId);
+};
+
+function topologyMonitor(self, options) {
+  if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) return;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Get the servers
+  var servers = Object.keys(self.s.replicaSetState.set);
+
+  // Get the haInterval
+  var _process = options.haInterval ? Timeout : Interval;
+  var _haInterval = options.haInterval ? options.haInterval : self.s.haInterval;
+
+  if (_process === Timeout) {
+    return connectNewServers(self, self.s.replicaSetState.unknownServers, function(err) {
+      // Don't emit errors if the connection was already
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary() && !self.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed) {
+        if (err) {
+          return self.emit('error', err);
+        }
+
+        self.emit(
+          'error',
+          new MongoError('no primary found in replicaset or invalid replica set name')
+        );
+        return self.destroy({ force: true });
+      } else if (
+        !self.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() &&
+        self.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed
+      ) {
+        if (err) {
+          return self.emit('error', err);
+        }
+
+        self.emit(
+          'error',
+          new MongoError('no secondary found in replicaset or invalid replica set name')
+        );
+        return self.destroy({ force: true });
+      }
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+        monitorServer(servers[i], self, options);
+      }
+    });
+  } else {
+    for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+      monitorServer(servers[i], self, options);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Run the reconnect process
+  function executeReconnect(self) {
+    return function() {
+      if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      connectNewServers(self, self.s.replicaSetState.unknownServers, function() {
+        var monitoringFrequencey = self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary()
+          ? _haInterval
+          : self.s.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS;
+
+        // Create a timeout
+        self.intervalIds.push(new Timeout(executeReconnect(self), monitoringFrequencey).start());
+      });
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Decide what kind of interval to use
+  var intervalTime = !self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary()
+    ? self.s.minHeartbeatFrequencyMS
+    : _haInterval;
+
+  self.intervalIds.push(new Timeout(executeReconnect(self), intervalTime).start());
+}
+
+function addServerToList(list, server) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    if (list[i].name.toLowerCase() === server.name.toLowerCase()) return true;
+  }
+
+  list.push(server);
+}
+
+function handleEvent(self, event) {
+  return function() {
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) return;
+    // Debug log
+    if (self.s.logger.isDebug()) {
+      self.s.logger.debug(
+        f('handleEvent %s from server %s in replset with id %s', event, this.name, self.id)
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Remove from the replicaset state
+    self.s.replicaSetState.remove(this);
+
+    // Are we in a destroyed state return
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) return;
+
+    // If no primary and secondary available
+    if (
+      !self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary() &&
+      !self.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() &&
+      self.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed
+    ) {
+      stateTransition(self, DISCONNECTED);
+    } else if (!self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary()) {
+      stateTransition(self, DISCONNECTED);
+    }
+
+    addServerToList(self.s.connectingServers, this);
+  };
+}
+
+function shouldTriggerConnect(self) {
+  const isConnecting = self.state === CONNECTING;
+  const hasPrimary = self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary();
+  const hasSecondary = self.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary();
+  const secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed = self.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed;
+  const readPreferenceSecondary =
+    self.s.connectOptions.readPreference &&
+    self.s.connectOptions.readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondary);
+
+  return (
+    (isConnecting &&
+      ((readPreferenceSecondary && hasSecondary) || (!readPreferenceSecondary && hasPrimary))) ||
+    (hasSecondary && secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed)
+  );
+}
+
+function handleInitialConnectEvent(self, event) {
+  return function() {
+    var _this = this;
+    // Debug log
+    if (self.s.logger.isDebug()) {
+      self.s.logger.debug(
+        f(
+          'handleInitialConnectEvent %s from server %s in replset with id %s',
+          event,
+          this.name,
+          self.id
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Destroy the instance
+    if (self.state === DESTROYED || self.state === UNREFERENCED) {
+      return this.destroy({ force: true });
+    }
+
+    // Check the type of server
+    if (event === 'connect') {
+      // Update the state
+      var result = self.s.replicaSetState.update(_this);
+      if (result === true) {
+        // Primary lastIsMaster store it
+        if (_this.lastIsMaster() && _this.lastIsMaster().ismaster) {
+          self.ismaster = _this.lastIsMaster();
+        }
+
+        // Debug log
+        if (self.s.logger.isDebug()) {
+          self.s.logger.debug(
+            f(
+              'handleInitialConnectEvent %s from server %s in replset with id %s has state [%s]',
+              event,
+              _this.name,
+              self.id,
+              JSON.stringify(self.s.replicaSetState.set)
+            )
+          );
+        }
+
+        // Remove the handlers
+        for (let i = 0; i < handlers.length; i++) {
+          _this.removeAllListeners(handlers[i]);
+        }
+
+        // Add stable state handlers
+        _this.on('error', handleEvent(self, 'error'));
+        _this.on('close', handleEvent(self, 'close'));
+        _this.on('timeout', handleEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+        _this.on('parseError', handleEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+
+        // Do we have a primary or primaryAndSecondary
+        if (shouldTriggerConnect(self)) {
+          // We are connected
+          stateTransition(self, CONNECTED);
+
+          // Set initial connect state
+          self.initialConnectState.connect = true;
+          // Emit connect event
+          process.nextTick(function() {
+            self.emit('connect', self);
+          });
+
+          topologyMonitor(self, {});
+        }
+      } else if (result instanceof MongoError) {
+        _this.destroy({ force: true });
+        self.destroy({ force: true });
+        return self.emit('error', result);
+      } else {
+        _this.destroy({ force: true });
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Emit failure to connect
+      self.emit('failed', this);
+
+      addServerToList(self.s.connectingServers, this);
+      // Remove from the state
+      self.s.replicaSetState.remove(this);
+    }
+
+    if (
+      self.initialConnectState.connect &&
+      !self.initialConnectState.fullsetup &&
+      self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimaryAndSecondary()
+    ) {
+      // Set initial connect state
+      self.initialConnectState.fullsetup = true;
+      self.initialConnectState.all = true;
+
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        self.emit('fullsetup', self);
+        self.emit('all', self);
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Remove from the list from connectingServers
+    for (var i = 0; i < self.s.connectingServers.length; i++) {
+      if (self.s.connectingServers[i].equals(this)) {
+        self.s.connectingServers.splice(i, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Trigger topologyMonitor
+    if (self.s.connectingServers.length === 0 && self.state === CONNECTING) {
+      topologyMonitor(self, { haInterval: 1 });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function connectServers(self, servers) {
+  // Update connectingServers
+  self.s.connectingServers = self.s.connectingServers.concat(servers);
+
+  // Index used to interleaf the server connects, avoiding
+  // runtime issues on io constrained vm's
+  var timeoutInterval = 0;
+
+  function connect(server, timeoutInterval) {
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      // Add the server to the state
+      if (self.s.replicaSetState.update(server)) {
+        // Primary lastIsMaster store it
+        if (server.lastIsMaster() && server.lastIsMaster().ismaster) {
+          self.ismaster = server.lastIsMaster();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add event handlers
+      server.once('close', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'close'));
+      server.once('timeout', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'timeout'));
+      server.once('parseError', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'parseError'));
+      server.once('error', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'error'));
+      server.once('connect', handleInitialConnectEvent(self, 'connect'));
+
+      // SDAM Monitoring events
+      server.on('serverOpening', e => self.emit('serverOpening', e));
+      server.on('serverDescriptionChanged', e => self.emit('serverDescriptionChanged', e));
+      server.on('serverClosed', e => self.emit('serverClosed', e));
+
+      // Command Monitoring events
+      relayEvents(server, self, ['commandStarted', 'commandSucceeded', 'commandFailed']);
+
+      // Start connection
+      server.connect(self.s.connectOptions);
+    }, timeoutInterval);
+  }
+
+  // Start all the servers
+  while (servers.length > 0) {
+    connect(servers.shift(), timeoutInterval++);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Emit event if it exists
+ * @method
+ */
+function emitSDAMEvent(self, event, description) {
+  if (self.listeners(event).length > 0) {
+    self.emit(event, description);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initiate server connect
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.connect = function(options) {
+  var self = this;
+  // Add any connect level options to the internal state
+  this.s.connectOptions = options || {};
+
+  // Set connecting state
+  stateTransition(this, CONNECTING);
+
+  // Create server instances
+  var servers = this.s.seedlist.map(function(x) {
+    return new Server(
+      Object.assign({}, self.s.options, x, options, {
+        reconnect: false,
+        monitoring: false,
+        parent: self
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
+  // Error out as high availability interval must be < than socketTimeout
+  if (
+    this.s.options.socketTimeout > 0 &&
+    this.s.options.socketTimeout <= this.s.options.haInterval
+  ) {
+    return self.emit(
+      'error',
+      new MongoError(
+        f(
+          'haInterval [%s] MS must be set to less than socketTimeout [%s] MS',
+          this.s.options.haInterval,
+          this.s.options.socketTimeout
+        )
+      )
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Emit the topology opening event
+  emitSDAMEvent(this, 'topologyOpening', { topologyId: this.id });
+  // Start all server connections
+  connectServers(self, servers);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Authenticate the topology.
+ * @method
+ * @param {MongoCredentials} credentials The credentials for authentication we are using
+ * @param {authResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.auth = function(credentials, callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Destroy the server connection
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=false] Force destroy the pool
+ * @method
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.destroy = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  let destroyCount = this.s.connectingServers.length + 1; // +1 for the callback from `replicaSetState.destroy`
+  const serverDestroyed = () => {
+    destroyCount--;
+    if (destroyCount > 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Emit toplogy closing event
+    emitSDAMEvent(this, 'topologyClosed', { topologyId: this.id });
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(null, null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Transition state
+  stateTransition(this, DESTROYED);
+
+  // Clear out any monitoring process
+  if (this.haTimeoutId) clearTimeout(this.haTimeoutId);
+
+  // Clear out all monitoring
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.intervalIds.length; i++) {
+    this.intervalIds[i].stop();
+  }
+
+  // Reset list of intervalIds
+  this.intervalIds = [];
+
+  if (destroyCount === 0) {
+    serverDestroyed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Destroy the replicaset
+  this.s.replicaSetState.destroy(options, serverDestroyed);
+
+  // Destroy all connecting servers
+  this.s.connectingServers.forEach(function(x) {
+    x.destroy(options, serverDestroyed);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unref all connections belong to this server
+ * @method
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.unref = function() {
+  // Transition state
+  stateTransition(this, UNREFERENCED);
+
+  this.s.replicaSetState.allServers().forEach(function(x) {
+    x.unref();
+  });
+
+  clearTimeout(this.haTimeoutId);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the last known ismaster document for this server
+ * @method
+ * @return {object}
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.lastIsMaster = function() {
+  // If secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed and no primary but secondary
+  // return the secondaries ismaster result.
+  if (
+    this.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed &&
+    !this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary() &&
+    this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary()
+  ) {
+    return this.s.replicaSetState.secondaries[0].lastIsMaster();
+  }
+
+  return this.s.replicaSetState.primary
+    ? this.s.replicaSetState.primary.lastIsMaster()
+    : this.ismaster;
+};
+
+/**
+ * All raw connections
+ * @method
+ * @return {Connection[]}
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.connections = function() {
+  var servers = this.s.replicaSetState.allServers();
+  var connections = [];
+  for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+    connections = connections.concat(servers[i].connections());
+  }
+
+  return connections;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Figure out if the server is connected
+ * @method
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.isConnected = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // If we specified a read preference check if we are connected to something
+  // than can satisfy this
+  if (options.readPreference && options.readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondary)) {
+    return this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary();
+  }
+
+  if (options.readPreference && options.readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.primary)) {
+    return this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary();
+  }
+
+  if (options.readPreference && options.readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.primaryPreferred)) {
+    return this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() || this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary();
+  }
+
+  if (options.readPreference && options.readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondaryPreferred)) {
+    return this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() || this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary();
+  }
+
+  if (this.s.options.secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed && this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Figure out if the replicaset instance was destroyed by calling destroy
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.isDestroyed = function() {
+  return this.state === DESTROYED;
+};
+
+const SERVER_SELECTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10000; // hardcoded `serverSelectionTimeoutMS` for legacy topology
+const SERVER_SELECTION_INTERVAL_MS = 1000; // time to wait between selection attempts
+/**
+ * Selects a server
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {function} selector Unused
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Unused
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.selectServer = function(selector, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof selector === 'function' && typeof callback === 'undefined')
+    (callback = selector), (selector = undefined), (options = {});
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = selector);
+  options = options || {};
+
+  let readPreference;
+  if (selector instanceof ReadPreference) {
+    readPreference = selector;
+  } else {
+    readPreference = options.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+  }
+
+  let lastError;
+  const start = now();
+  const _selectServer = () => {
+    if (calculateDurationInMs(start) >= SERVER_SELECTION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      if (lastError != null) {
+        callback(lastError, null);
+      } else {
+        callback(new MongoError('Server selection timed out'));
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const server = this.s.replicaSetState.pickServer(readPreference);
+    if (server == null) {
+      setTimeout(_selectServer, SERVER_SELECTION_INTERVAL_MS);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!(server instanceof Server)) {
+      lastError = server;
+      setTimeout(_selectServer, SERVER_SELECTION_INTERVAL_MS);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.debug) this.emit('pickedServer', options.readPreference, server);
+    callback(null, server);
+  };
+
+  _selectServer();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get all connected servers
+ * @method
+ * @return {Server[]}
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.getServers = function() {
+  return this.s.replicaSetState.allServers();
+};
+
+//
+// Execute write operation
+function executeWriteOperation(args, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // TODO: once we drop Node 4, use destructuring either here or in arguments.
+  const self = args.self;
+  const op = args.op;
+  const ns = args.ns;
+  const ops = args.ops;
+
+  if (self.state === DESTROYED) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(f('topology was destroyed')));
+  }
+
+  const willRetryWrite =
+    !args.retrying &&
+    !!options.retryWrites &&
+    options.session &&
+    isRetryableWritesSupported(self) &&
+    !options.session.inTransaction() &&
+    options.explain === undefined;
+
+  if (!self.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary()) {
+    if (self.s.disconnectHandler) {
+      // Not connected but we have a disconnecthandler
+      return self.s.disconnectHandler.add(op, ns, ops, options, callback);
+    } else if (!willRetryWrite) {
+      // No server returned we had an error
+      return callback(new MongoError('no primary server found'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handler = (err, result) => {
+    if (!err) return callback(null, result);
+    if (!legacyIsRetryableWriteError(err, self)) {
+      err = getMMAPError(err);
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    if (willRetryWrite) {
+      const newArgs = Object.assign({}, args, { retrying: true });
+      return executeWriteOperation(newArgs, options, callback);
+    }
+
+    // Per SDAM, remove primary from replicaset
+    if (self.s.replicaSetState.primary) {
+      self.s.replicaSetState.primary.destroy();
+      self.s.replicaSetState.remove(self.s.replicaSetState.primary, { force: true });
+    }
+
+    return callback(err);
+  };
+
+  if (callback.operationId) {
+    handler.operationId = callback.operationId;
+  }
+
+  // increment and assign txnNumber
+  if (willRetryWrite) {
+    options.session.incrementTransactionNumber();
+    options.willRetryWrite = willRetryWrite;
+  }
+
+  self.s.replicaSetState.primary[op](ns, ops, options, handler);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert one or more documents
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of documents to insert
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.insert = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  // Execute write operation
+  executeWriteOperation({ self: this, op: 'insert', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform one or more update operations
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of updates
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.update = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  // Execute write operation
+  executeWriteOperation({ self: this, op: 'update', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform one or more remove operations
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of removes
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retryWrites] Enable retryable writes for this operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.remove = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  // Execute write operation
+  executeWriteOperation({ self: this, op: 'remove', ns, ops }, options, callback);
+};
+
+const RETRYABLE_WRITE_OPERATIONS = ['findAndModify', 'insert', 'update', 'delete'];
+
+function isWriteCommand(command) {
+  return RETRYABLE_WRITE_OPERATIONS.some(op => command[op]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object} cmd The command hash
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {Connection} [options.connection] Specify connection object to execute command against
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.command = function(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  if (this.state === DESTROYED) return callback(new MongoError(f('topology was destroyed')));
+  var self = this;
+
+  // Establish readPreference
+  var readPreference = options.readPreference ? options.readPreference : ReadPreference.primary;
+
+  // If the readPreference is primary and we have no primary, store it
+  if (
+    readPreference.preference === 'primary' &&
+    !this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary() &&
+    this.s.disconnectHandler != null
+  ) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('command', ns, cmd, options, callback);
+  } else if (
+    readPreference.preference === 'secondary' &&
+    !this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() &&
+    this.s.disconnectHandler != null
+  ) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('command', ns, cmd, options, callback);
+  } else if (
+    readPreference.preference !== 'primary' &&
+    !this.s.replicaSetState.hasSecondary() &&
+    !this.s.replicaSetState.hasPrimary() &&
+    this.s.disconnectHandler != null
+  ) {
+    return this.s.disconnectHandler.add('command', ns, cmd, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Pick a server
+  var server = this.s.replicaSetState.pickServer(readPreference);
+  // We received an error, return it
+  if (!(server instanceof Server)) return callback(server);
+  // Emit debug event
+  if (self.s.debug) self.emit('pickedServer', ReadPreference.primary, server);
+
+  // No server returned we had an error
+  if (server == null) {
+    return callback(
+      new MongoError(
+        f('no server found that matches the provided readPreference %s', readPreference)
+      )
+    );
+  }
+
+  const willRetryWrite =
+    !options.retrying &&
+    !!options.retryWrites &&
+    options.session &&
+    isRetryableWritesSupported(self) &&
+    !options.session.inTransaction() &&
+    isWriteCommand(cmd);
+
+  const cb = (err, result) => {
+    if (!err) return callback(null, result);
+    if (!legacyIsRetryableWriteError(err, self)) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    if (willRetryWrite) {
+      const newOptions = Object.assign({}, options, { retrying: true });
+      return this.command(ns, cmd, newOptions, callback);
+    }
+
+    // Per SDAM, remove primary from replicaset
+    if (this.s.replicaSetState.primary) {
+      this.s.replicaSetState.primary.destroy();
+      this.s.replicaSetState.remove(this.s.replicaSetState.primary, { force: true });
+    }
+
+    return callback(err);
+  };
+
+  // increment and assign txnNumber
+  if (willRetryWrite) {
+    options.session.incrementTransactionNumber();
+    options.willRetryWrite = willRetryWrite;
+  }
+
+  // Execute the command
+  server.command(ns, cmd, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get a new cursor
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object|Long} cmd Can be either a command returning a cursor or a cursorId
+ * @param {object} [options] Options for the cursor
+ * @param {object} [options.batchSize=0] Batchsize for the operation
+ * @param {array} [options.documents=[]] Initial documents list for cursor
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {object} [options.topology] The internal topology of the created cursor
+ * @returns {Cursor}
+ */
+ReplSet.prototype.cursor = function(ns, cmd, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const topology = options.topology || this;
+
+  // Set up final cursor type
+  var FinalCursor = options.cursorFactory || this.s.Cursor;
+
+  // Return the cursor
+  return new FinalCursor(topology, ns, cmd, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * A replset connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#connect
+ * @type {ReplSet}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A replset reconnect event, used to verify that the topology reconnected
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#reconnect
+ * @type {ReplSet}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A replset fullsetup event, used to signal that all topology members have been contacted.
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#fullsetup
+ * @type {ReplSet}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A replset all event, used to signal that all topology members have been contacted.
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#all
+ * @type {ReplSet}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A replset failed event, used to signal that initial replset connection failed.
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#failed
+ * @type {ReplSet}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member left the replicaset
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#left
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that left (primary|secondary|arbiter)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that left
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member joined the replicaset
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#joined
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that joined (primary|secondary|arbiter)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that joined
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server opening SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#serverOpening
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server closed SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#serverClosed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server description SDAM change monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#serverDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology open SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#topologyOpening
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology closed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#topologyClosed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology structure SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatStarted SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatFailed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology serverHeartbeatSucceeded SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command was started, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#commandStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command succeeded, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#commandSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command failed, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#commandFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+module.exports = ReplSet;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/replset_state.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/replset_state.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24c16d6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/replset_state.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1121 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var inherits = require('util').inherits,
+  f = require('util').format,
+  diff = require('./shared').diff,
+  EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter,
+  Logger = require('../connection/logger'),
+  ReadPreference = require('./read_preference'),
+  MongoError = require('../error').MongoError,
+  Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+
+var TopologyType = {
+  Single: 'Single',
+  ReplicaSetNoPrimary: 'ReplicaSetNoPrimary',
+  ReplicaSetWithPrimary: 'ReplicaSetWithPrimary',
+  Sharded: 'Sharded',
+  Unknown: 'Unknown'
+};
+
+var ServerType = {
+  Standalone: 'Standalone',
+  Mongos: 'Mongos',
+  PossiblePrimary: 'PossiblePrimary',
+  RSPrimary: 'RSPrimary',
+  RSSecondary: 'RSSecondary',
+  RSArbiter: 'RSArbiter',
+  RSOther: 'RSOther',
+  RSGhost: 'RSGhost',
+  Unknown: 'Unknown'
+};
+
+var ReplSetState = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  // Add event listener
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+  // Topology state
+  this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+  this.setName = options.setName;
+
+  // Server set
+  this.set = {};
+
+  // Unpacked options
+  this.id = options.id;
+  this.setName = options.setName;
+
+  // Replicaset logger
+  this.logger = options.logger || Logger('ReplSet', options);
+
+  // Server selection index
+  this.index = 0;
+  // Acceptable latency
+  this.acceptableLatency = options.acceptableLatency || 15;
+
+  // heartbeatFrequencyMS
+  this.heartbeatFrequencyMS = options.heartbeatFrequencyMS || 10000;
+
+  // Server side
+  this.primary = null;
+  this.secondaries = [];
+  this.arbiters = [];
+  this.passives = [];
+  this.ghosts = [];
+  // Current unknown hosts
+  this.unknownServers = [];
+  // In set status
+  this.set = {};
+  // Status
+  this.maxElectionId = null;
+  this.maxSetVersion = 0;
+  // Description of the Replicaset
+  this.replicasetDescription = {
+    topologyType: 'Unknown',
+    servers: []
+  };
+
+  this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = undefined;
+};
+
+inherits(ReplSetState, EventEmitter);
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.hasPrimaryAndSecondary = function() {
+  return this.primary != null && this.secondaries.length > 0;
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.hasPrimaryOrSecondary = function() {
+  return this.hasPrimary() || this.hasSecondary();
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.hasPrimary = function() {
+  return this.primary != null;
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.hasSecondary = function() {
+  return this.secondaries.length > 0;
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.get = function(host) {
+  var servers = this.allServers();
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+    if (servers[i].name.toLowerCase() === host.toLowerCase()) {
+      return servers[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.allServers = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var servers = this.primary ? [this.primary] : [];
+  servers = servers.concat(this.secondaries);
+  if (!options.ignoreArbiters) servers = servers.concat(this.arbiters);
+  servers = servers.concat(this.passives);
+  return servers;
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.destroy = function(options, callback) {
+  const serversToDestroy = this.secondaries
+    .concat(this.arbiters)
+    .concat(this.passives)
+    .concat(this.ghosts);
+  if (this.primary) serversToDestroy.push(this.primary);
+
+  let serverCount = serversToDestroy.length;
+  const serverDestroyed = () => {
+    serverCount--;
+    if (serverCount > 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Clear out the complete state
+    this.secondaries = [];
+    this.arbiters = [];
+    this.passives = [];
+    this.ghosts = [];
+    this.unknownServers = [];
+    this.set = {};
+    this.primary = null;
+
+    // Emit the topology changed
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(this);
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(null, null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (serverCount === 0) {
+    serverDestroyed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  serversToDestroy.forEach(server => server.destroy(options, serverDestroyed));
+};
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.remove = function(server, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Get the server name and lowerCase it
+  var serverName = server.name.toLowerCase();
+
+  // Only remove if the current server is not connected
+  var servers = this.primary ? [this.primary] : [];
+  servers = servers.concat(this.secondaries);
+  servers = servers.concat(this.arbiters);
+  servers = servers.concat(this.passives);
+
+  // Check if it's active and this is just a failed connection attempt
+  for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+    if (
+      !options.force &&
+      servers[i].equals(server) &&
+      servers[i].isConnected &&
+      servers[i].isConnected()
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we have it in the set remove it
+  if (this.set[serverName]) {
+    this.set[serverName].type = ServerType.Unknown;
+    this.set[serverName].electionId = null;
+    this.set[serverName].setName = null;
+    this.set[serverName].setVersion = null;
+  }
+
+  // Remove type
+  var removeType = null;
+
+  // Remove from any lists
+  if (this.primary && this.primary.equals(server)) {
+    this.primary = null;
+    this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    removeType = 'primary';
+  }
+
+  // Remove from any other server lists
+  removeType = removeFrom(server, this.secondaries) ? 'secondary' : removeType;
+  removeType = removeFrom(server, this.arbiters) ? 'arbiter' : removeType;
+  removeType = removeFrom(server, this.passives) ? 'secondary' : removeType;
+  removeFrom(server, this.ghosts);
+  removeFrom(server, this.unknownServers);
+
+  // Push to unknownServers
+  this.unknownServers.push(serverName);
+
+  // Do we have a removeType
+  if (removeType) {
+    this.emit('left', removeType, server);
+  }
+};
+
+const isArbiter = ismaster => ismaster.arbiterOnly && ismaster.setName;
+
+ReplSetState.prototype.update = function(server) {
+  var self = this;
+  // Get the current ismaster
+  var ismaster = server.lastIsMaster();
+
+  // Get the server name and lowerCase it
+  var serverName = server.name.toLowerCase();
+
+  //
+  // Add any hosts
+  //
+  if (ismaster) {
+    // Join all the possible new hosts
+    var hosts = Array.isArray(ismaster.hosts) ? ismaster.hosts : [];
+    hosts = hosts.concat(Array.isArray(ismaster.arbiters) ? ismaster.arbiters : []);
+    hosts = hosts.concat(Array.isArray(ismaster.passives) ? ismaster.passives : []);
+    hosts = hosts.map(function(s) {
+      return s.toLowerCase();
+    });
+
+    // Add all hosts as unknownServers
+    for (var i = 0; i < hosts.length; i++) {
+      // Add to the list of unknown server
+      if (
+        this.unknownServers.indexOf(hosts[i]) === -1 &&
+        (!this.set[hosts[i]] || this.set[hosts[i]].type === ServerType.Unknown)
+      ) {
+        this.unknownServers.push(hosts[i].toLowerCase());
+      }
+
+      if (!this.set[hosts[i]]) {
+        this.set[hosts[i]] = {
+          type: ServerType.Unknown,
+          electionId: null,
+          setName: null,
+          setVersion: null
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Unknown server
+  //
+  if (!ismaster && !inList(ismaster, server, this.unknownServers)) {
+    self.set[serverName] = {
+      type: ServerType.Unknown,
+      setVersion: null,
+      electionId: null,
+      setName: null
+    };
+    // Update set information about the server instance
+    self.set[serverName].type = ServerType.Unknown;
+    self.set[serverName].electionId = ismaster ? ismaster.electionId : ismaster;
+    self.set[serverName].setName = ismaster ? ismaster.setName : ismaster;
+    self.set[serverName].setVersion = ismaster ? ismaster.setVersion : ismaster;
+
+    if (self.unknownServers.indexOf(server.name) === -1) {
+      self.unknownServers.push(serverName);
+    }
+
+    // Set the topology
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Update logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes
+  if (ismaster.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes !== undefined && !isArbiter(ismaster)) {
+    if (
+      self.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes === undefined ||
+      ismaster.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes === null
+    ) {
+      self.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = ismaster.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes;
+    } else {
+      self.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes = Math.min(
+        self.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes,
+        ismaster.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Is this a mongos
+  //
+  if (ismaster && ismaster.msg === 'isdbgrid') {
+    if (this.primary && this.primary.name === serverName) {
+      this.primary = null;
+      this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // A RSGhost instance
+  if (ismaster.isreplicaset) {
+    self.set[serverName] = {
+      type: ServerType.RSGhost,
+      setVersion: null,
+      electionId: null,
+      setName: ismaster.setName
+    };
+
+    if (this.primary && this.primary.name === serverName) {
+      this.primary = null;
+    }
+
+    // Set the topology
+    this.topologyType = this.primary
+      ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary
+      : TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+
+    // Set the topology
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // A RSOther instance
+  if (
+    (ismaster.setName && ismaster.hidden) ||
+    (ismaster.setName &&
+      !ismaster.ismaster &&
+      !ismaster.secondary &&
+      !ismaster.arbiterOnly &&
+      !ismaster.passive)
+  ) {
+    self.set[serverName] = {
+      type: ServerType.RSOther,
+      setVersion: null,
+      electionId: null,
+      setName: ismaster.setName
+    };
+
+    // Set the topology
+    this.topologyType = this.primary
+      ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary
+      : TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Standalone server, destroy and return
+  //
+  if (ismaster && ismaster.ismaster && !ismaster.setName) {
+    this.topologyType = this.primary ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary : TopologyType.Unknown;
+    this.remove(server, { force: true });
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Server in maintanance mode
+  //
+  if (ismaster && !ismaster.ismaster && !ismaster.secondary && !ismaster.arbiterOnly) {
+    this.remove(server, { force: true });
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // If the .me field does not match the passed in server
+  //
+  if (ismaster.me && ismaster.me.toLowerCase() !== serverName) {
+    if (this.logger.isWarn()) {
+      this.logger.warn(
+        f(
+          'the seedlist server was removed due to its address %s not matching its ismaster.me address %s',
+          server.name,
+          ismaster.me
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Delete from the set
+    delete this.set[serverName];
+    // Delete unknown servers
+    removeFrom(server, self.unknownServers);
+
+    // Destroy the instance
+    server.destroy({ force: true });
+
+    // Set the type of topology we have
+    if (this.primary && !this.primary.equals(server)) {
+      this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+    } else {
+      this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // We have a potential primary
+    //
+    if (!this.primary && ismaster.primary) {
+      this.set[ismaster.primary.toLowerCase()] = {
+        type: ServerType.PossiblePrimary,
+        setName: null,
+        electionId: null,
+        setVersion: null
+      };
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Primary handling
+  //
+  if (!this.primary && ismaster.ismaster && ismaster.setName) {
+    var ismasterElectionId = server.lastIsMaster().electionId;
+    if (this.setName && this.setName !== ismaster.setName) {
+      this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+      return new MongoError(
+        f(
+          'setName from ismaster does not match provided connection setName [%s] != [%s]',
+          ismaster.setName,
+          this.setName
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!this.maxElectionId && ismasterElectionId) {
+      this.maxElectionId = ismasterElectionId;
+    } else if (this.maxElectionId && ismasterElectionId) {
+      var result = compareObjectIds(this.maxElectionId, ismasterElectionId);
+      // Get the electionIds
+      var ismasterSetVersion = server.lastIsMaster().setVersion;
+
+      if (result === 1) {
+        this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+        return false;
+      } else if (result === 0 && ismasterSetVersion) {
+        if (ismasterSetVersion < this.maxSetVersion) {
+          this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.maxSetVersion = ismasterSetVersion;
+      this.maxElectionId = ismasterElectionId;
+    }
+
+    // Hande normalization of server names
+    var normalizedHosts = ismaster.hosts.map(function(x) {
+      return x.toLowerCase();
+    });
+    var locationIndex = normalizedHosts.indexOf(serverName);
+
+    // Validate that the server exists in the host list
+    if (locationIndex !== -1) {
+      self.primary = server;
+      self.set[serverName] = {
+        type: ServerType.RSPrimary,
+        setVersion: ismaster.setVersion,
+        electionId: ismaster.electionId,
+        setName: ismaster.setName
+      };
+
+      // Set the topology
+      this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+      if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+      removeFrom(server, self.unknownServers);
+      removeFrom(server, self.secondaries);
+      removeFrom(server, self.passives);
+      self.emit('joined', 'primary', server);
+    } else {
+      this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    }
+
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+    return true;
+  } else if (ismaster.ismaster && ismaster.setName) {
+    // Get the electionIds
+    var currentElectionId = self.set[self.primary.name.toLowerCase()].electionId;
+    var currentSetVersion = self.set[self.primary.name.toLowerCase()].setVersion;
+    var currentSetName = self.set[self.primary.name.toLowerCase()].setName;
+    ismasterElectionId = server.lastIsMaster().electionId;
+    ismasterSetVersion = server.lastIsMaster().setVersion;
+    var ismasterSetName = server.lastIsMaster().setName;
+
+    // Is it the same server instance
+    if (this.primary.equals(server) && currentSetName === ismasterSetName) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // If we do not have the same rs name
+    if (currentSetName && currentSetName !== ismasterSetName) {
+      if (!this.primary.equals(server)) {
+        this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+      } else {
+        this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check if we need to replace the server
+    if (currentElectionId && ismasterElectionId) {
+      result = compareObjectIds(currentElectionId, ismasterElectionId);
+
+      if (result === 1) {
+        return false;
+      } else if (result === 0 && currentSetVersion > ismasterSetVersion) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else if (!currentElectionId && ismasterElectionId && ismasterSetVersion) {
+      if (ismasterSetVersion < this.maxSetVersion) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!this.maxElectionId && ismasterElectionId) {
+      this.maxElectionId = ismasterElectionId;
+    } else if (this.maxElectionId && ismasterElectionId) {
+      result = compareObjectIds(this.maxElectionId, ismasterElectionId);
+
+      if (result === 1) {
+        return false;
+      } else if (result === 0 && currentSetVersion && ismasterSetVersion) {
+        if (ismasterSetVersion < this.maxSetVersion) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (ismasterSetVersion < this.maxSetVersion) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.maxElectionId = ismasterElectionId;
+      this.maxSetVersion = ismasterSetVersion;
+    } else {
+      this.maxSetVersion = ismasterSetVersion;
+    }
+
+    // Modify the entry to unknown
+    self.set[self.primary.name.toLowerCase()] = {
+      type: ServerType.Unknown,
+      setVersion: null,
+      electionId: null,
+      setName: null
+    };
+
+    // Signal primary left
+    self.emit('left', 'primary', this.primary);
+    // Destroy the instance
+    self.primary.destroy({ force: true });
+    // Set the new instance
+    self.primary = server;
+    // Set the set information
+    self.set[serverName] = {
+      type: ServerType.RSPrimary,
+      setVersion: ismaster.setVersion,
+      electionId: ismaster.electionId,
+      setName: ismaster.setName
+    };
+
+    // Set the topology
+    this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+    if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+    removeFrom(server, self.unknownServers);
+    removeFrom(server, self.secondaries);
+    removeFrom(server, self.passives);
+    self.emit('joined', 'primary', server);
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // A possible instance
+  if (!this.primary && ismaster.primary) {
+    self.set[ismaster.primary.toLowerCase()] = {
+      type: ServerType.PossiblePrimary,
+      setVersion: null,
+      electionId: null,
+      setName: null
+    };
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Secondary handling
+  //
+  if (
+    ismaster.secondary &&
+    ismaster.setName &&
+    !inList(ismaster, server, this.secondaries) &&
+    this.setName &&
+    this.setName === ismaster.setName
+  ) {
+    addToList(self, ServerType.RSSecondary, ismaster, server, this.secondaries);
+    // Set the topology
+    this.topologyType = this.primary
+      ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary
+      : TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+    removeFrom(server, self.unknownServers);
+
+    // Remove primary
+    if (this.primary && this.primary.name.toLowerCase() === serverName) {
+      server.destroy({ force: true });
+      this.primary = null;
+      self.emit('left', 'primary', server);
+    }
+
+    // Emit secondary joined replicaset
+    self.emit('joined', 'secondary', server);
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Arbiter handling
+  //
+  if (
+    isArbiter(ismaster) &&
+    !inList(ismaster, server, this.arbiters) &&
+    this.setName &&
+    this.setName === ismaster.setName
+  ) {
+    addToList(self, ServerType.RSArbiter, ismaster, server, this.arbiters);
+    // Set the topology
+    this.topologyType = this.primary
+      ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary
+      : TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+    removeFrom(server, self.unknownServers);
+    self.emit('joined', 'arbiter', server);
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Passive handling
+  //
+  if (
+    ismaster.passive &&
+    ismaster.setName &&
+    !inList(ismaster, server, this.passives) &&
+    this.setName &&
+    this.setName === ismaster.setName
+  ) {
+    addToList(self, ServerType.RSSecondary, ismaster, server, this.passives);
+    // Set the topology
+    this.topologyType = this.primary
+      ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary
+      : TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    if (ismaster.setName) this.setName = ismaster.setName;
+    removeFrom(server, self.unknownServers);
+
+    // Remove primary
+    if (this.primary && this.primary.name.toLowerCase() === serverName) {
+      server.destroy({ force: true });
+      this.primary = null;
+      self.emit('left', 'primary', server);
+    }
+
+    self.emit('joined', 'secondary', server);
+    emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Remove the primary
+  //
+  if (this.set[serverName] && this.set[serverName].type === ServerType.RSPrimary) {
+    self.emit('left', 'primary', this.primary);
+    this.primary.destroy({ force: true });
+    this.primary = null;
+    this.topologyType = TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this.topologyType = this.primary
+    ? TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary
+    : TopologyType.ReplicaSetNoPrimary;
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Recalculate single server max staleness
+ * @method
+ */
+ReplSetState.prototype.updateServerMaxStaleness = function(server, haInterval) {
+  // Locate the max secondary lastwrite
+  var max = 0;
+  // Go over all secondaries
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.secondaries.length; i++) {
+    max = Math.max(max, this.secondaries[i].lastWriteDate);
+  }
+
+  // Perform this servers staleness calculation
+  if (server.ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 5 && server.ismaster.secondary && this.hasPrimary()) {
+    server.staleness =
+      server.lastUpdateTime -
+      server.lastWriteDate -
+      (this.primary.lastUpdateTime - this.primary.lastWriteDate) +
+      haInterval;
+  } else if (server.ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 5 && server.ismaster.secondary) {
+    server.staleness = max - server.lastWriteDate + haInterval;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Recalculate all the staleness values for secodaries
+ * @method
+ */
+ReplSetState.prototype.updateSecondariesMaxStaleness = function(haInterval) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.secondaries.length; i++) {
+    this.updateServerMaxStaleness(this.secondaries[i], haInterval);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pick a server by the passed in ReadPreference
+ * @method
+ * @param {ReadPreference} readPreference The ReadPreference instance to use
+ */
+ReplSetState.prototype.pickServer = function(readPreference) {
+  // If no read Preference set to primary by default
+  readPreference = readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+
+  // maxStalenessSeconds is not allowed with a primary read
+  if (readPreference.preference === 'primary' && readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds != null) {
+    return new MongoError('primary readPreference incompatible with maxStalenessSeconds');
+  }
+
+  // Check if we have any non compatible servers for maxStalenessSeconds
+  var allservers = this.primary ? [this.primary] : [];
+  allservers = allservers.concat(this.secondaries);
+
+  // Does any of the servers not support the right wire protocol version
+  // for maxStalenessSeconds when maxStalenessSeconds specified on readPreference. Then error out
+  if (readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds != null) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < allservers.length; i++) {
+      if (allservers[i].ismaster.maxWireVersion < 5) {
+        return new MongoError(
+          'maxStalenessSeconds not supported by at least one of the replicaset members'
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Do we have the nearest readPreference
+  if (readPreference.preference === 'nearest' && readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds == null) {
+    return pickNearest(this, readPreference);
+  } else if (
+    readPreference.preference === 'nearest' &&
+    readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds != null
+  ) {
+    return pickNearestMaxStalenessSeconds(this, readPreference);
+  }
+
+  // Get all the secondaries
+  var secondaries = this.secondaries;
+
+  // Check if we can satisfy and of the basic read Preferences
+  if (readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondary) && secondaries.length === 0) {
+    return new MongoError('no secondary server available');
+  }
+
+  if (
+    readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondaryPreferred) &&
+    secondaries.length === 0 &&
+    this.primary == null
+  ) {
+    return new MongoError('no secondary or primary server available');
+  }
+
+  if (readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.primary) && this.primary == null) {
+    return new MongoError('no primary server available');
+  }
+
+  // Secondary preferred or just secondaries
+  if (
+    readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondaryPreferred) ||
+    readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondary)
+  ) {
+    if (secondaries.length > 0 && readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds == null) {
+      // Pick nearest of any other servers available
+      var server = pickNearest(this, readPreference);
+      // No server in the window return primary
+      if (server) {
+        return server;
+      }
+    } else if (secondaries.length > 0 && readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds != null) {
+      // Pick nearest of any other servers available
+      server = pickNearestMaxStalenessSeconds(this, readPreference);
+      // No server in the window return primary
+      if (server) {
+        return server;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.secondaryPreferred)) {
+      return this.primary;
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Primary preferred
+  if (readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.primaryPreferred)) {
+    server = null;
+
+    // We prefer the primary if it's available
+    if (this.primary) {
+      return this.primary;
+    }
+
+    // Pick a secondary
+    if (secondaries.length > 0 && readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds == null) {
+      server = pickNearest(this, readPreference);
+    } else if (secondaries.length > 0 && readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds != null) {
+      server = pickNearestMaxStalenessSeconds(this, readPreference);
+    }
+
+    //  Did we find a server
+    if (server) return server;
+  }
+
+  // Return the primary
+  return this.primary;
+};
+
+//
+// Filter serves by tags
+var filterByTags = function(readPreference, servers) {
+  if (readPreference.tags == null) return servers;
+  var filteredServers = [];
+  var tagsArray = Array.isArray(readPreference.tags) ? readPreference.tags : [readPreference.tags];
+
+  // Iterate over the tags
+  for (var j = 0; j < tagsArray.length; j++) {
+    var tags = tagsArray[j];
+
+    // Iterate over all the servers
+    for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+      var serverTag = servers[i].lastIsMaster().tags || {};
+
+      // Did we find the a matching server
+      var found = true;
+      // Check if the server is valid
+      for (var name in tags) {
+        if (serverTag[name] !== tags[name]) {
+          found = false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add to candidate list
+      if (found) {
+        filteredServers.push(servers[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returned filtered servers
+  return filteredServers;
+};
+
+function pickNearestMaxStalenessSeconds(self, readPreference) {
+  // Only get primary and secondaries as seeds
+  var servers = [];
+
+  // Get the maxStalenessMS
+  var maxStalenessMS = readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds * 1000;
+
+  // Check if the maxStalenessMS > 90 seconds
+  if (maxStalenessMS < 90 * 1000) {
+    return new MongoError('maxStalenessSeconds must be set to at least 90 seconds');
+  }
+
+  // Add primary to list if not a secondary read preference
+  if (
+    self.primary &&
+    readPreference.preference !== 'secondary' &&
+    readPreference.preference !== 'secondaryPreferred'
+  ) {
+    servers.push(self.primary);
+  }
+
+  // Add all the secondaries
+  for (var i = 0; i < self.secondaries.length; i++) {
+    servers.push(self.secondaries[i]);
+  }
+
+  // If we have a secondaryPreferred readPreference and no server add the primary
+  if (self.primary && servers.length === 0 && readPreference.preference !== 'secondaryPreferred') {
+    servers.push(self.primary);
+  }
+
+  // Filter by tags
+  servers = filterByTags(readPreference, servers);
+
+  // Filter by latency
+  servers = servers.filter(function(s) {
+    return s.staleness <= maxStalenessMS;
+  });
+
+  // Sort by time
+  servers.sort(function(a, b) {
+    return a.lastIsMasterMS - b.lastIsMasterMS;
+  });
+
+  // No servers, default to primary
+  if (servers.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Ensure index does not overflow the number of available servers
+  self.index = self.index % servers.length;
+
+  // Get the server
+  var server = servers[self.index];
+  // Add to the index
+  self.index = self.index + 1;
+  // Return the first server of the sorted and filtered list
+  return server;
+}
+
+function pickNearest(self, readPreference) {
+  // Only get primary and secondaries as seeds
+  var servers = [];
+
+  // Add primary to list if not a secondary read preference
+  if (
+    self.primary &&
+    readPreference.preference !== 'secondary' &&
+    readPreference.preference !== 'secondaryPreferred'
+  ) {
+    servers.push(self.primary);
+  }
+
+  // Add all the secondaries
+  for (var i = 0; i < self.secondaries.length; i++) {
+    servers.push(self.secondaries[i]);
+  }
+
+  // If we have a secondaryPreferred readPreference and no server add the primary
+  if (servers.length === 0 && self.primary && readPreference.preference !== 'secondaryPreferred') {
+    servers.push(self.primary);
+  }
+
+  // Filter by tags
+  servers = filterByTags(readPreference, servers);
+
+  // Sort by time
+  servers.sort(function(a, b) {
+    return a.lastIsMasterMS - b.lastIsMasterMS;
+  });
+
+  // Locate lowest time (picked servers are lowest time + acceptable Latency margin)
+  var lowest = servers.length > 0 ? servers[0].lastIsMasterMS : 0;
+
+  // Filter by latency
+  servers = servers.filter(function(s) {
+    return s.lastIsMasterMS <= lowest + self.acceptableLatency;
+  });
+
+  // No servers, default to primary
+  if (servers.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Ensure index does not overflow the number of available servers
+  self.index = self.index % servers.length;
+  // Get the server
+  var server = servers[self.index];
+  // Add to the index
+  self.index = self.index + 1;
+  // Return the first server of the sorted and filtered list
+  return server;
+}
+
+function inList(ismaster, server, list) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    if (list[i] && list[i].name && list[i].name.toLowerCase() === server.name.toLowerCase())
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+function addToList(self, type, ismaster, server, list) {
+  var serverName = server.name.toLowerCase();
+  // Update set information about the server instance
+  self.set[serverName].type = type;
+  self.set[serverName].electionId = ismaster ? ismaster.electionId : ismaster;
+  self.set[serverName].setName = ismaster ? ismaster.setName : ismaster;
+  self.set[serverName].setVersion = ismaster ? ismaster.setVersion : ismaster;
+  // Add to the list
+  list.push(server);
+}
+
+function compareObjectIds(id1, id2) {
+  var a = Buffer.from(id1.toHexString(), 'hex');
+  var b = Buffer.from(id2.toHexString(), 'hex');
+
+  if (a === b) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof Buffer.compare === 'function') {
+    return Buffer.compare(a, b);
+  }
+
+  var x = a.length;
+  var y = b.length;
+  var len = Math.min(x, y);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (i !== len) {
+    x = a[i];
+    y = b[i];
+  }
+
+  return x < y ? -1 : y < x ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+function removeFrom(server, list) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    if (list[i].equals && list[i].equals(server)) {
+      list.splice(i, 1);
+      return true;
+    } else if (typeof list[i] === 'string' && list[i].toLowerCase() === server.name.toLowerCase()) {
+      list.splice(i, 1);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+function emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self) {
+  if (self.listeners('topologyDescriptionChanged').length > 0) {
+    var topology = 'Unknown';
+    var setName = self.setName;
+
+    if (self.hasPrimaryAndSecondary()) {
+      topology = 'ReplicaSetWithPrimary';
+    } else if (!self.hasPrimary() && self.hasSecondary()) {
+      topology = 'ReplicaSetNoPrimary';
+    }
+
+    // Generate description
+    var description = {
+      topologyType: topology,
+      setName: setName,
+      servers: []
+    };
+
+    // Add the primary to the list
+    if (self.hasPrimary()) {
+      var desc = self.primary.getDescription();
+      desc.type = 'RSPrimary';
+      description.servers.push(desc);
+    }
+
+    // Add all the secondaries
+    description.servers = description.servers.concat(
+      self.secondaries.map(function(x) {
+        var description = x.getDescription();
+        description.type = 'RSSecondary';
+        return description;
+      })
+    );
+
+    // Add all the arbiters
+    description.servers = description.servers.concat(
+      self.arbiters.map(function(x) {
+        var description = x.getDescription();
+        description.type = 'RSArbiter';
+        return description;
+      })
+    );
+
+    // Add all the passives
+    description.servers = description.servers.concat(
+      self.passives.map(function(x) {
+        var description = x.getDescription();
+        description.type = 'RSSecondary';
+        return description;
+      })
+    );
+
+    // Get the diff
+    var diffResult = diff(self.replicasetDescription, description);
+
+    // Create the result
+    var result = {
+      topologyId: self.id,
+      previousDescription: self.replicasetDescription,
+      newDescription: description,
+      diff: diffResult
+    };
+
+    // Emit the topologyDescription change
+    // if(diffResult.servers.length > 0) {
+    self.emit('topologyDescriptionChanged', result);
+    // }
+
+    // Set the new description
+    self.replicasetDescription = description;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ReplSetState;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/server.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/server.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6a0bfa5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/server.js
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var inherits = require('util').inherits,
+  f = require('util').format,
+  EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter,
+  ReadPreference = require('./read_preference'),
+  Logger = require('../connection/logger'),
+  debugOptions = require('../connection/utils').debugOptions,
+  retrieveBSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON,
+  Pool = require('../connection/pool'),
+  MongoError = require('../error').MongoError,
+  MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError,
+  wireProtocol = require('../wireprotocol'),
+  CoreCursor = require('../cursor').CoreCursor,
+  sdam = require('./shared'),
+  createCompressionInfo = require('./shared').createCompressionInfo,
+  resolveClusterTime = require('./shared').resolveClusterTime,
+  SessionMixins = require('./shared').SessionMixins,
+  relayEvents = require('../utils').relayEvents;
+
+const collationNotSupported = require('../utils').collationNotSupported;
+const makeClientMetadata = require('../utils').makeClientMetadata;
+
+// Used for filtering out fields for loggin
+var debugFields = [
+  'reconnect',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'reconnectInterval',
+  'emitError',
+  'cursorFactory',
+  'host',
+  'port',
+  'size',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'noDelay',
+  'connectionTimeout',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'socketTimeout',
+  'ssl',
+  'ca',
+  'crl',
+  'cert',
+  'key',
+  'rejectUnauthorized',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'servername'
+];
+
+// Server instance id
+var id = 0;
+var serverAccounting = false;
+var servers = {};
+var BSON = retrieveBSON();
+
+function topologyId(server) {
+  return server.s.parent == null ? server.id : server.s.parent.id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Server instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {boolean} [options.reconnect=true] Server will attempt to reconnect on loss of connection
+ * @param {number} [options.reconnectTries=30] Server attempt to reconnect #times
+ * @param {number} [options.reconnectInterval=1000] Server will wait # milliseconds between retries
+ * @param {number} [options.monitoring=true] Enable the server state monitoring (calling ismaster at monitoringInterval)
+ * @param {number} [options.monitoringInterval=5000] The interval of calling ismaster when monitoring is enabled.
+ * @param {Cursor} [options.cursorFactory=Cursor] The cursor factory class used for all query cursors
+ * @param {string} options.host The server host
+ * @param {number} options.port The server port
+ * @param {number} [options.size=5] Server connection pool size
+ * @param {boolean} [options.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] Initial delay before TCP keep alive enabled
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noDelay=true] TCP Connection no delay
+ * @param {number} [options.connectionTimeout=30000] TCP Connection timeout setting
+ * @param {number} [options.socketTimeout=0] TCP Socket timeout setting
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use SSL for connection
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.ca] SSL Certificate store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.crl] SSL Certificate revocation store binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.cert] SSL Certificate binary buffer
+ * @param {Buffer} [options.key] SSL Key file binary buffer
+ * @param {string} [options.passphrase] SSL Certificate pass phrase
+ * @param {boolean} [options.rejectUnauthorized=true] Reject unauthorized server certificates
+ * @param {string} [options.servername=null] String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Convert Long values from the db into Numbers if they fit into 53 bits
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {string} [options.appname=null] Application name, passed in on ismaster call and logged in mongod server logs. Maximum size 128 bytes.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitorCommands=false] Enable command monitoring for this topology
+ * @return {Server} A cursor instance
+ * @fires Server#connect
+ * @fires Server#close
+ * @fires Server#error
+ * @fires Server#timeout
+ * @fires Server#parseError
+ * @fires Server#reconnect
+ * @fires Server#reconnectFailed
+ * @fires Server#serverHeartbeatStarted
+ * @fires Server#serverHeartbeatSucceeded
+ * @fires Server#serverHeartbeatFailed
+ * @fires Server#topologyOpening
+ * @fires Server#topologyClosed
+ * @fires Server#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @property {string} type the topology type.
+ * @property {string} parserType the parser type used (c++ or js).
+ */
+var Server = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Add event listener
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  // Server instance id
+  this.id = id++;
+
+  // Internal state
+  this.s = {
+    // Options
+    options: Object.assign({ metadata: makeClientMetadata(options) }, options),
+    // Logger
+    logger: Logger('Server', options),
+    // Factory overrides
+    Cursor: options.cursorFactory || CoreCursor,
+    // BSON instance
+    bson:
+      options.bson ||
+      new BSON([
+        BSON.Binary,
+        BSON.Code,
+        BSON.DBRef,
+        BSON.Decimal128,
+        BSON.Double,
+        BSON.Int32,
+        BSON.Long,
+        BSON.Map,
+        BSON.MaxKey,
+        BSON.MinKey,
+        BSON.ObjectId,
+        BSON.BSONRegExp,
+        BSON.Symbol,
+        BSON.Timestamp
+      ]),
+    // Pool
+    pool: null,
+    // Disconnect handler
+    disconnectHandler: options.disconnectHandler,
+    // Monitor thread (keeps the connection alive)
+    monitoring: typeof options.monitoring === 'boolean' ? options.monitoring : true,
+    // Is the server in a topology
+    inTopology: !!options.parent,
+    // Monitoring timeout
+    monitoringInterval:
+      typeof options.monitoringInterval === 'number' ? options.monitoringInterval : 5000,
+    compression: { compressors: createCompressionInfo(options) },
+    // Optional parent topology
+    parent: options.parent
+  };
+
+  // If this is a single deployment we need to track the clusterTime here
+  if (!this.s.parent) {
+    this.s.clusterTime = null;
+  }
+
+  // Curent ismaster
+  this.ismaster = null;
+  // Current ping time
+  this.lastIsMasterMS = -1;
+  // The monitoringProcessId
+  this.monitoringProcessId = null;
+  // Initial connection
+  this.initialConnect = true;
+  // Default type
+  this._type = 'server';
+
+  // Max Stalleness values
+  // last time we updated the ismaster state
+  this.lastUpdateTime = 0;
+  // Last write time
+  this.lastWriteDate = 0;
+  // Stalleness
+  this.staleness = 0;
+};
+
+inherits(Server, EventEmitter);
+Object.assign(Server.prototype, SessionMixins);
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'type', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this._type;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'parserType', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return BSON.native ? 'c++' : 'js';
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (!this.ismaster) return null;
+    return this.ismaster.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes || null;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'clientMetadata', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.options.metadata;
+  }
+});
+
+// In single server deployments we track the clusterTime directly on the topology, however
+// in Mongos and ReplSet deployments we instead need to delegate the clusterTime up to the
+// tracking objects so we can ensure we are gossiping the maximum time received from the
+// server.
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'clusterTime', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  set: function(clusterTime) {
+    const settings = this.s.parent ? this.s.parent : this.s;
+    resolveClusterTime(settings, clusterTime);
+  },
+  get: function() {
+    const settings = this.s.parent ? this.s.parent : this.s;
+    return settings.clusterTime || null;
+  }
+});
+
+Server.enableServerAccounting = function() {
+  serverAccounting = true;
+  servers = {};
+};
+
+Server.disableServerAccounting = function() {
+  serverAccounting = false;
+};
+
+Server.servers = function() {
+  return servers;
+};
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'name', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.options.host + ':' + this.s.options.port;
+  }
+});
+
+function disconnectHandler(self, type, ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  // Topology is not connected, save the call in the provided store to be
+  // Executed at some point when the handler deems it's reconnected
+  if (
+    !self.s.pool.isConnected() &&
+    self.s.options.reconnect &&
+    self.s.disconnectHandler != null &&
+    !options.monitoring
+  ) {
+    self.s.disconnectHandler.add(type, ns, cmd, options, callback);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If we have no connection error
+  if (!self.s.pool.isConnected()) {
+    callback(new MongoError(f('no connection available to server %s', self.name)));
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+function monitoringProcess(self) {
+  return function() {
+    // Pool was destroyed do not continue process
+    if (self.s.pool.isDestroyed()) return;
+    // Emit monitoring Process event
+    self.emit('monitoring', self);
+    // Perform ismaster call
+    // Get start time
+    var start = new Date().getTime();
+
+    // Execute the ismaster query
+    self.command(
+      'admin.$cmd',
+      { ismaster: true },
+      {
+        socketTimeout:
+          typeof self.s.options.connectionTimeout !== 'number'
+            ? 2000
+            : self.s.options.connectionTimeout,
+        monitoring: true
+      },
+      (err, result) => {
+        // Set initial lastIsMasterMS
+        self.lastIsMasterMS = new Date().getTime() - start;
+        if (self.s.pool.isDestroyed()) return;
+        // Update the ismaster view if we have a result
+        if (result) {
+          self.ismaster = result.result;
+        }
+        // Re-schedule the monitoring process
+        self.monitoringProcessId = setTimeout(monitoringProcess(self), self.s.monitoringInterval);
+      }
+    );
+  };
+}
+
+var eventHandler = function(self, event) {
+  return function(err, conn) {
+    // Log information of received information if in info mode
+    if (self.s.logger.isInfo()) {
+      var object = err instanceof MongoError ? JSON.stringify(err) : {};
+      self.s.logger.info(
+        f('server %s fired event %s out with message %s', self.name, event, object)
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Handle connect event
+    if (event === 'connect') {
+      self.initialConnect = false;
+      self.ismaster = conn.ismaster;
+      self.lastIsMasterMS = conn.lastIsMasterMS;
+      if (conn.agreedCompressor) {
+        self.s.pool.options.agreedCompressor = conn.agreedCompressor;
+      }
+
+      if (conn.zlibCompressionLevel) {
+        self.s.pool.options.zlibCompressionLevel = conn.zlibCompressionLevel;
+      }
+
+      if (conn.ismaster.$clusterTime) {
+        const $clusterTime = conn.ismaster.$clusterTime;
+        self.clusterTime = $clusterTime;
+      }
+
+      // It's a proxy change the type so
+      // the wireprotocol will send $readPreference
+      if (self.ismaster.msg === 'isdbgrid') {
+        self._type = 'mongos';
+      }
+
+      // Have we defined self monitoring
+      if (self.s.monitoring) {
+        self.monitoringProcessId = setTimeout(monitoringProcess(self), self.s.monitoringInterval);
+      }
+
+      // Emit server description changed if something listening
+      sdam.emitServerDescriptionChanged(self, {
+        address: self.name,
+        arbiters: [],
+        hosts: [],
+        passives: [],
+        type: sdam.getTopologyType(self)
+      });
+
+      if (!self.s.inTopology) {
+        // Emit topology description changed if something listening
+        sdam.emitTopologyDescriptionChanged(self, {
+          topologyType: 'Single',
+          servers: [
+            {
+              address: self.name,
+              arbiters: [],
+              hosts: [],
+              passives: [],
+              type: sdam.getTopologyType(self)
+            }
+          ]
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Log the ismaster if available
+      if (self.s.logger.isInfo()) {
+        self.s.logger.info(
+          f('server %s connected with ismaster [%s]', self.name, JSON.stringify(self.ismaster))
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Emit connect
+      self.emit('connect', self);
+    } else if (
+      event === 'error' ||
+      event === 'parseError' ||
+      event === 'close' ||
+      event === 'timeout' ||
+      event === 'reconnect' ||
+      event === 'attemptReconnect' ||
+      event === 'reconnectFailed'
+    ) {
+      // Remove server instance from accounting
+      if (
+        serverAccounting &&
+        ['close', 'timeout', 'error', 'parseError', 'reconnectFailed'].indexOf(event) !== -1
+      ) {
+        // Emit toplogy opening event if not in topology
+        if (!self.s.inTopology) {
+          self.emit('topologyOpening', { topologyId: self.id });
+        }
+
+        delete servers[self.id];
+      }
+
+      if (event === 'close') {
+        // Closing emits a server description changed event going to unknown.
+        sdam.emitServerDescriptionChanged(self, {
+          address: self.name,
+          arbiters: [],
+          hosts: [],
+          passives: [],
+          type: 'Unknown'
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Reconnect failed return error
+      if (event === 'reconnectFailed') {
+        self.emit('reconnectFailed', err);
+        // Emit error if any listeners
+        if (self.listeners('error').length > 0) {
+          self.emit('error', err);
+        }
+        // Terminate
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // On first connect fail
+      if (
+        ['disconnected', 'connecting'].indexOf(self.s.pool.state) !== -1 &&
+        self.initialConnect &&
+        ['close', 'timeout', 'error', 'parseError'].indexOf(event) !== -1
+      ) {
+        self.initialConnect = false;
+        return self.emit(
+          'error',
+          new MongoNetworkError(
+            f('failed to connect to server [%s] on first connect [%s]', self.name, err)
+          )
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Reconnect event, emit the server
+      if (event === 'reconnect') {
+        // Reconnecting emits a server description changed event going from unknown to the
+        // current server type.
+        sdam.emitServerDescriptionChanged(self, {
+          address: self.name,
+          arbiters: [],
+          hosts: [],
+          passives: [],
+          type: sdam.getTopologyType(self)
+        });
+        return self.emit(event, self);
+      }
+
+      // Emit the event
+      self.emit(event, err);
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initiate server connect
+ */
+Server.prototype.connect = function(options) {
+  var self = this;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Set the connections
+  if (serverAccounting) servers[this.id] = this;
+
+  // Do not allow connect to be called on anything that's not disconnected
+  if (self.s.pool && !self.s.pool.isDisconnected() && !self.s.pool.isDestroyed()) {
+    throw new MongoError(f('server instance in invalid state %s', self.s.pool.state));
+  }
+
+  // Create a pool
+  self.s.pool = new Pool(this, Object.assign(self.s.options, options, { bson: this.s.bson }));
+
+  // Set up listeners
+  self.s.pool.on('close', eventHandler(self, 'close'));
+  self.s.pool.on('error', eventHandler(self, 'error'));
+  self.s.pool.on('timeout', eventHandler(self, 'timeout'));
+  self.s.pool.on('parseError', eventHandler(self, 'parseError'));
+  self.s.pool.on('connect', eventHandler(self, 'connect'));
+  self.s.pool.on('reconnect', eventHandler(self, 'reconnect'));
+  self.s.pool.on('reconnectFailed', eventHandler(self, 'reconnectFailed'));
+
+  // Set up listeners for command monitoring
+  relayEvents(self.s.pool, self, ['commandStarted', 'commandSucceeded', 'commandFailed']);
+
+  // Emit toplogy opening event if not in topology
+  if (!self.s.inTopology) {
+    this.emit('topologyOpening', { topologyId: topologyId(self) });
+  }
+
+  // Emit opening server event
+  self.emit('serverOpening', { topologyId: topologyId(self), address: self.name });
+
+  self.s.pool.connect();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Authenticate the topology.
+ * @method
+ * @param {MongoCredentials} credentials The credentials for authentication we are using
+ * @param {authResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Server.prototype.auth = function(credentials, callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the server description
+ * @method
+ * @return {object}
+ */
+Server.prototype.getDescription = function() {
+  var ismaster = this.ismaster || {};
+  var description = {
+    type: sdam.getTopologyType(this),
+    address: this.name
+  };
+
+  // Add fields if available
+  if (ismaster.hosts) description.hosts = ismaster.hosts;
+  if (ismaster.arbiters) description.arbiters = ismaster.arbiters;
+  if (ismaster.passives) description.passives = ismaster.passives;
+  if (ismaster.setName) description.setName = ismaster.setName;
+  return description;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the last known ismaster document for this server
+ * @method
+ * @return {object}
+ */
+Server.prototype.lastIsMaster = function() {
+  return this.ismaster;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unref all connections belong to this server
+ * @method
+ */
+Server.prototype.unref = function() {
+  this.s.pool.unref();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Figure out if the server is connected
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Server.prototype.isConnected = function() {
+  if (!this.s.pool) return false;
+  return this.s.pool.isConnected();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Figure out if the server instance was destroyed by calling destroy
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Server.prototype.isDestroyed = function() {
+  if (!this.s.pool) return false;
+  return this.s.pool.isDestroyed();
+};
+
+function basicWriteValidations(self) {
+  if (!self.s.pool) return new MongoError('server instance is not connected');
+  if (self.s.pool.isDestroyed()) return new MongoError('server instance pool was destroyed');
+}
+
+function basicReadValidations(self, options) {
+  basicWriteValidations(self, options);
+
+  if (options.readPreference && !(options.readPreference instanceof ReadPreference)) {
+    throw new Error('readPreference must be an instance of ReadPreference');
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object} cmd The command hash
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys=false] Specify if the bson parser should validate keys.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.fullResult=false] Return the full envelope instead of just the result document.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Server.prototype.command = function(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  var result = basicReadValidations(self, options);
+  if (result) return callback(result);
+
+  // Clone the options
+  options = Object.assign({}, options, { wireProtocolCommand: false });
+
+  // Debug log
+  if (self.s.logger.isDebug())
+    self.s.logger.debug(
+      f(
+        'executing command [%s] against %s',
+        JSON.stringify({
+          ns: ns,
+          cmd: cmd,
+          options: debugOptions(debugFields, options)
+        }),
+        self.name
+      )
+    );
+
+  // If we are not connected or have a disconnectHandler specified
+  if (disconnectHandler(self, 'command', ns, cmd, options, callback)) return;
+
+  // error if collation not supported
+  if (collationNotSupported(this, cmd)) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(`server ${this.name} does not support collation`));
+  }
+
+  wireProtocol.command(self, ns, cmd, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute a query against the server
+ *
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object} cmd The command document for the query
+ * @param {object} options Optional settings
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+Server.prototype.query = function(ns, cmd, cursorState, options, callback) {
+  wireProtocol.query(this, ns, cmd, cursorState, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute a `getMore` against the server
+ *
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object} cursorState State data associated with the cursor calling this method
+ * @param {object} options Optional settings
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+Server.prototype.getMore = function(ns, cursorState, batchSize, options, callback) {
+  wireProtocol.getMore(this, ns, cursorState, batchSize, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute a `killCursors` command against the server
+ *
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object} cursorState State data associated with the cursor calling this method
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+Server.prototype.killCursors = function(ns, cursorState, callback) {
+  wireProtocol.killCursors(this, ns, cursorState, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Insert one or more documents
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of documents to insert
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Server.prototype.insert = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  var result = basicWriteValidations(self, options);
+  if (result) return callback(result);
+
+  // If we are not connected or have a disconnectHandler specified
+  if (disconnectHandler(self, 'insert', ns, ops, options, callback)) return;
+
+  // Setup the docs as an array
+  ops = Array.isArray(ops) ? ops : [ops];
+
+  // Execute write
+  return wireProtocol.insert(self, ns, ops, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform one or more update operations
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of updates
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Server.prototype.update = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  var result = basicWriteValidations(self, options);
+  if (result) return callback(result);
+
+  // If we are not connected or have a disconnectHandler specified
+  if (disconnectHandler(self, 'update', ns, ops, options, callback)) return;
+
+  // error if collation not supported
+  if (collationNotSupported(this, options)) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(`server ${this.name} does not support collation`));
+  }
+
+  // Setup the docs as an array
+  ops = Array.isArray(ops) ? ops : [ops];
+  // Execute write
+  return wireProtocol.update(self, ns, ops, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform one or more remove operations
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {array} ops An array of removes
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ordered=true] Execute in order or out of order
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern={}] Write concern for the operation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {opResultCallback} callback A callback function
+ */
+Server.prototype.remove = function(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {}), (options = options || {});
+  }
+
+  var result = basicWriteValidations(self, options);
+  if (result) return callback(result);
+
+  // If we are not connected or have a disconnectHandler specified
+  if (disconnectHandler(self, 'remove', ns, ops, options, callback)) return;
+
+  // error if collation not supported
+  if (collationNotSupported(this, options)) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(`server ${this.name} does not support collation`));
+  }
+
+  // Setup the docs as an array
+  ops = Array.isArray(ops) ? ops : [ops];
+  // Execute write
+  return wireProtocol.remove(self, ns, ops, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get a new cursor
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} ns The MongoDB fully qualified namespace (ex: db1.collection1)
+ * @param {object|Long} cmd Can be either a command returning a cursor or a cursorId
+ * @param {object} [options] Options for the cursor
+ * @param {object} [options.batchSize=0] Batchsize for the operation
+ * @param {array} [options.documents=[]] Initial documents list for cursor
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Specify read preference if command supports it
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Specify if functions on an object should be serialized.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] Session to use for the operation
+ * @param {object} [options.topology] The internal topology of the created cursor
+ * @returns {Cursor}
+ */
+Server.prototype.cursor = function(ns, cmd, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const topology = options.topology || this;
+
+  // Set up final cursor type
+  var FinalCursor = options.cursorFactory || this.s.Cursor;
+
+  // Return the cursor
+  return new FinalCursor(topology, ns, cmd, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Compare two server instances
+ * @method
+ * @param {Server} server Server to compare equality against
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+Server.prototype.equals = function(server) {
+  if (typeof server === 'string') return this.name.toLowerCase() === server.toLowerCase();
+  if (server.name) return this.name.toLowerCase() === server.name.toLowerCase();
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * All raw connections
+ * @method
+ * @return {Connection[]}
+ */
+Server.prototype.connections = function() {
+  return this.s.pool.allConnections();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Selects a server
+ * @method
+ * @param {function} selector Unused
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] Unused
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] Unused
+ * @return {Server}
+ */
+Server.prototype.selectServer = function(selector, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof selector === 'function' && typeof callback === 'undefined')
+    (callback = selector), (selector = undefined), (options = {});
+  if (typeof options === 'function')
+    (callback = options), (options = selector), (selector = undefined);
+
+  callback(null, this);
+};
+
+var listeners = ['close', 'error', 'timeout', 'parseError', 'connect'];
+
+/**
+ * Destroy the server connection
+ * @method
+ * @param {boolean} [options.emitClose=false] Emit close event on destroy
+ * @param {boolean} [options.emitDestroy=false] Emit destroy event on destroy
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=false] Force destroy the pool
+ */
+Server.prototype.destroy = function(options, callback) {
+  if (this._destroyed) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  var self = this;
+
+  // Set the connections
+  if (serverAccounting) delete servers[this.id];
+
+  // Destroy the monitoring process if any
+  if (this.monitoringProcessId) {
+    clearTimeout(this.monitoringProcessId);
+  }
+
+  // No pool, return
+  if (!self.s.pool || this._destroyed) {
+    this._destroyed = true;
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this._destroyed = true;
+
+  // Emit close event
+  if (options.emitClose) {
+    self.emit('close', self);
+  }
+
+  // Emit destroy event
+  if (options.emitDestroy) {
+    self.emit('destroy', self);
+  }
+
+  // Remove all listeners
+  listeners.forEach(function(event) {
+    self.s.pool.removeAllListeners(event);
+  });
+
+  // Emit opening server event
+  if (self.listeners('serverClosed').length > 0)
+    self.emit('serverClosed', { topologyId: topologyId(self), address: self.name });
+
+  // Emit toplogy opening event if not in topology
+  if (self.listeners('topologyClosed').length > 0 && !self.s.inTopology) {
+    self.emit('topologyClosed', { topologyId: topologyId(self) });
+  }
+
+  if (self.s.logger.isDebug()) {
+    self.s.logger.debug(f('destroy called on server %s', self.name));
+  }
+
+  // Destroy the pool
+  this.s.pool.destroy(options.force, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * A server connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event Server#connect
+ * @type {Server}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server reconnect event, used to verify that the server topology has reconnected
+ *
+ * @event Server#reconnect
+ * @type {Server}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server opening SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Server#serverOpening
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server closed SDAM monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Server#serverClosed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server description SDAM change monitoring event
+ *
+ * @event Server#serverDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology open SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Server#topologyOpening
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology closed SDAM event
+ *
+ * @event Server#topologyClosed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A topology structure SDAM change event
+ *
+ * @event Server#topologyDescriptionChanged
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server reconnect failed
+ *
+ * @event Server#reconnectFailed
+ * @type {Error}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server connection pool closed
+ *
+ * @event Server#close
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server connection pool caused an error
+ *
+ * @event Server#error
+ * @type {Error}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server destroyed was called
+ *
+ * @event Server#destroy
+ * @type {Server}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Server;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/shared.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/shared.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ec55919b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/topologies/shared.js
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+'use strict';
+const ReadPreference = require('./read_preference');
+const TopologyType = require('../sdam/common').TopologyType;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const isRetryableWriteError = require('../error').isRetryableWriteError;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const MMAPv1_RETRY_WRITES_ERROR_CODE = 20;
+
+/**
+ * Emit event if it exists
+ * @method
+ */
+function emitSDAMEvent(self, event, description) {
+  if (self.listeners(event).length > 0) {
+    self.emit(event, description);
+  }
+}
+
+function createCompressionInfo(options) {
+  if (!options.compression || !options.compression.compressors) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // Check that all supplied compressors are valid
+  options.compression.compressors.forEach(function(compressor) {
+    if (compressor !== 'snappy' && compressor !== 'zlib') {
+      throw new Error('compressors must be at least one of snappy or zlib');
+    }
+  });
+
+  return options.compression.compressors;
+}
+
+function clone(object) {
+  return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(object));
+}
+
+var getPreviousDescription = function(self) {
+  if (!self.s.serverDescription) {
+    self.s.serverDescription = {
+      address: self.name,
+      arbiters: [],
+      hosts: [],
+      passives: [],
+      type: 'Unknown'
+    };
+  }
+
+  return self.s.serverDescription;
+};
+
+var emitServerDescriptionChanged = function(self, description) {
+  if (self.listeners('serverDescriptionChanged').length > 0) {
+    // Emit the server description changed events
+    self.emit('serverDescriptionChanged', {
+      topologyId: self.s.topologyId !== -1 ? self.s.topologyId : self.id,
+      address: self.name,
+      previousDescription: getPreviousDescription(self),
+      newDescription: description
+    });
+
+    self.s.serverDescription = description;
+  }
+};
+
+var getPreviousTopologyDescription = function(self) {
+  if (!self.s.topologyDescription) {
+    self.s.topologyDescription = {
+      topologyType: 'Unknown',
+      servers: [
+        {
+          address: self.name,
+          arbiters: [],
+          hosts: [],
+          passives: [],
+          type: 'Unknown'
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+  }
+
+  return self.s.topologyDescription;
+};
+
+var emitTopologyDescriptionChanged = function(self, description) {
+  if (self.listeners('topologyDescriptionChanged').length > 0) {
+    // Emit the server description changed events
+    self.emit('topologyDescriptionChanged', {
+      topologyId: self.s.topologyId !== -1 ? self.s.topologyId : self.id,
+      address: self.name,
+      previousDescription: getPreviousTopologyDescription(self),
+      newDescription: description
+    });
+
+    self.s.serverDescription = description;
+  }
+};
+
+var changedIsMaster = function(self, currentIsmaster, ismaster) {
+  var currentType = getTopologyType(self, currentIsmaster);
+  var newType = getTopologyType(self, ismaster);
+  if (newType !== currentType) return true;
+  return false;
+};
+
+var getTopologyType = function(self, ismaster) {
+  if (!ismaster) {
+    ismaster = self.ismaster;
+  }
+
+  if (!ismaster) return 'Unknown';
+  if (ismaster.ismaster && ismaster.msg === 'isdbgrid') return 'Mongos';
+  if (ismaster.ismaster && !ismaster.hosts) return 'Standalone';
+  if (ismaster.ismaster) return 'RSPrimary';
+  if (ismaster.secondary) return 'RSSecondary';
+  if (ismaster.arbiterOnly) return 'RSArbiter';
+  return 'Unknown';
+};
+
+var inquireServerState = function(self) {
+  return function(callback) {
+    if (self.s.state === 'destroyed') return;
+    // Record response time
+    var start = new Date().getTime();
+
+    // emitSDAMEvent
+    emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatStarted', { connectionId: self.name });
+
+    // Attempt to execute ismaster command
+    self.command('admin.$cmd', { ismaster: true }, { monitoring: true }, function(err, r) {
+      if (!err) {
+        // Legacy event sender
+        self.emit('ismaster', r, self);
+
+        // Calculate latencyMS
+        var latencyMS = new Date().getTime() - start;
+
+        // Server heart beat event
+        emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatSucceeded', {
+          durationMS: latencyMS,
+          reply: r.result,
+          connectionId: self.name
+        });
+
+        // Did the server change
+        if (changedIsMaster(self, self.s.ismaster, r.result)) {
+          // Emit server description changed if something listening
+          emitServerDescriptionChanged(self, {
+            address: self.name,
+            arbiters: [],
+            hosts: [],
+            passives: [],
+            type: !self.s.inTopology ? 'Standalone' : getTopologyType(self)
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Updat ismaster view
+        self.s.ismaster = r.result;
+
+        // Set server response time
+        self.s.isMasterLatencyMS = latencyMS;
+      } else {
+        emitSDAMEvent(self, 'serverHeartbeatFailed', {
+          durationMS: latencyMS,
+          failure: err,
+          connectionId: self.name
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Peforming an ismaster monitoring callback operation
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        return callback(err, r);
+      }
+
+      // Perform another sweep
+      self.s.inquireServerStateTimeout = setTimeout(inquireServerState(self), self.s.haInterval);
+    });
+  };
+};
+
+//
+// Clone the options
+var cloneOptions = function(options) {
+  var opts = {};
+  for (var name in options) {
+    opts[name] = options[name];
+  }
+  return opts;
+};
+
+function Interval(fn, time) {
+  var timer = false;
+
+  this.start = function() {
+    if (!this.isRunning()) {
+      timer = setInterval(fn, time);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  this.stop = function() {
+    clearInterval(timer);
+    timer = false;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  this.isRunning = function() {
+    return timer !== false;
+  };
+}
+
+function Timeout(fn, time) {
+  var timer = false;
+  var func = () => {
+    if (timer) {
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+      timer = false;
+
+      fn();
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.start = function() {
+    if (!this.isRunning()) {
+      timer = setTimeout(func, time);
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  this.stop = function() {
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    timer = false;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  this.isRunning = function() {
+    return timer !== false;
+  };
+}
+
+function diff(previous, current) {
+  // Difference document
+  var diff = {
+    servers: []
+  };
+
+  // Previous entry
+  if (!previous) {
+    previous = { servers: [] };
+  }
+
+  // Check if we have any previous servers missing in the current ones
+  for (var i = 0; i < previous.servers.length; i++) {
+    var found = false;
+
+    for (var j = 0; j < current.servers.length; j++) {
+      if (current.servers[j].address.toLowerCase() === previous.servers[i].address.toLowerCase()) {
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!found) {
+      // Add to the diff
+      diff.servers.push({
+        address: previous.servers[i].address,
+        from: previous.servers[i].type,
+        to: 'Unknown'
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check if there are any severs that don't exist
+  for (j = 0; j < current.servers.length; j++) {
+    found = false;
+
+    // Go over all the previous servers
+    for (i = 0; i < previous.servers.length; i++) {
+      if (previous.servers[i].address.toLowerCase() === current.servers[j].address.toLowerCase()) {
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Add the server to the diff
+    if (!found) {
+      diff.servers.push({
+        address: current.servers[j].address,
+        from: 'Unknown',
+        to: current.servers[j].type
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Got through all the servers
+  for (i = 0; i < previous.servers.length; i++) {
+    var prevServer = previous.servers[i];
+
+    // Go through all current servers
+    for (j = 0; j < current.servers.length; j++) {
+      var currServer = current.servers[j];
+
+      // Matching server
+      if (prevServer.address.toLowerCase() === currServer.address.toLowerCase()) {
+        // We had a change in state
+        if (prevServer.type !== currServer.type) {
+          diff.servers.push({
+            address: prevServer.address,
+            from: prevServer.type,
+            to: currServer.type
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Return difference
+  return diff;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shared function to determine clusterTime for a given topology
+ *
+ * @param {*} topology
+ * @param {*} clusterTime
+ */
+function resolveClusterTime(topology, $clusterTime) {
+  if (topology.clusterTime == null) {
+    topology.clusterTime = $clusterTime;
+  } else {
+    if ($clusterTime.clusterTime.greaterThan(topology.clusterTime.clusterTime)) {
+      topology.clusterTime = $clusterTime;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// NOTE: this is a temporary move until the topologies can be more formally refactored
+//       to share code.
+const SessionMixins = {
+  endSessions: function(sessions, callback) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(sessions)) {
+      sessions = [sessions];
+    }
+
+    // TODO:
+    //   When connected to a sharded cluster the endSessions command
+    //   can be sent to any mongos. When connected to a replica set the
+    //   endSessions command MUST be sent to the primary if the primary
+    //   is available, otherwise it MUST be sent to any available secondary.
+    //   Is it enough to use: ReadPreference.primaryPreferred ?
+    this.command(
+      'admin.$cmd',
+      { endSessions: sessions },
+      { readPreference: ReadPreference.primaryPreferred },
+      () => {
+        // intentionally ignored, per spec
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') callback();
+      }
+    );
+  }
+};
+
+function topologyType(topology) {
+  if (topology.description) {
+    return topology.description.type;
+  }
+
+  if (topology.type === 'mongos') {
+    return TopologyType.Sharded;
+  } else if (topology.type === 'replset') {
+    return TopologyType.ReplicaSetWithPrimary;
+  }
+
+  return TopologyType.Single;
+}
+
+const RETRYABLE_WIRE_VERSION = 6;
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether the provided topology supports retryable writes
+ *
+ * @param {Mongos|Replset} topology
+ */
+const isRetryableWritesSupported = function(topology) {
+  const maxWireVersion = topology.lastIsMaster().maxWireVersion;
+  if (maxWireVersion < RETRYABLE_WIRE_VERSION) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!topology.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (topologyType(topology) === TopologyType.Single) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+const MMAPv1_RETRY_WRITES_ERROR_MESSAGE =
+  'This MongoDB deployment does not support retryable writes. Please add retryWrites=false to your connection string.';
+
+function getMMAPError(err) {
+  if (err.code !== MMAPv1_RETRY_WRITES_ERROR_CODE || !err.errmsg.includes('Transaction numbers')) {
+    return err;
+  }
+
+  // According to the retryable writes spec, we must replace the error message in this case.
+  // We need to replace err.message so the thrown message is correct and we need to replace err.errmsg to meet the spec requirement.
+  const newErr = new MongoError({
+    message: MMAPv1_RETRY_WRITES_ERROR_MESSAGE,
+    errmsg: MMAPv1_RETRY_WRITES_ERROR_MESSAGE,
+    originalError: err
+  });
+  return newErr;
+}
+
+// NOTE: only used for legacy topology types
+function legacyIsRetryableWriteError(err, topology) {
+  if (!(err instanceof MongoError)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // if pre-4.4 server, then add error label if its a retryable write error
+  if (
+    isRetryableWritesSupported(topology) &&
+    (err instanceof MongoNetworkError ||
+      (maxWireVersion(topology) < 9 && isRetryableWriteError(err)))
+  ) {
+    err.addErrorLabel('RetryableWriteError');
+  }
+
+  return err.hasErrorLabel('RetryableWriteError');
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  SessionMixins,
+  resolveClusterTime,
+  inquireServerState,
+  getTopologyType,
+  emitServerDescriptionChanged,
+  emitTopologyDescriptionChanged,
+  cloneOptions,
+  createCompressionInfo,
+  clone,
+  diff,
+  Interval,
+  Timeout,
+  isRetryableWritesSupported,
+  getMMAPError,
+  topologyType,
+  legacyIsRetryableWriteError
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/transactions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/transactions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0b0b73d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/transactions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+'use strict';
+const MongoError = require('./error').MongoError;
+const ReadPreference = require('./topologies/read_preference');
+const ReadConcern = require('../read_concern');
+const WriteConcern = require('../write_concern');
+
+let TxnState;
+let stateMachine;
+
+(() => {
+  const NO_TRANSACTION = 'NO_TRANSACTION';
+  const STARTING_TRANSACTION = 'STARTING_TRANSACTION';
+  const TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS = 'TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS';
+  const TRANSACTION_COMMITTED = 'TRANSACTION_COMMITTED';
+  const TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY = 'TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY';
+  const TRANSACTION_ABORTED = 'TRANSACTION_ABORTED';
+
+  TxnState = {
+    NO_TRANSACTION,
+    STARTING_TRANSACTION,
+    TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS,
+    TRANSACTION_COMMITTED,
+    TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY,
+    TRANSACTION_ABORTED
+  };
+
+  stateMachine = {
+    [NO_TRANSACTION]: [NO_TRANSACTION, STARTING_TRANSACTION],
+    [STARTING_TRANSACTION]: [
+      TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS,
+      TRANSACTION_COMMITTED,
+      TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY,
+      TRANSACTION_ABORTED
+    ],
+    [TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS]: [
+      TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS,
+      TRANSACTION_COMMITTED,
+      TRANSACTION_ABORTED
+    ],
+    [TRANSACTION_COMMITTED]: [
+      TRANSACTION_COMMITTED,
+      TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY,
+      STARTING_TRANSACTION,
+      NO_TRANSACTION
+    ],
+    [TRANSACTION_ABORTED]: [STARTING_TRANSACTION, NO_TRANSACTION],
+    [TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY]: [TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_EMPTY, NO_TRANSACTION]
+  };
+})();
+
+/**
+ * The MongoDB ReadConcern, which allows for control of the consistency and isolation properties
+ * of the data read from replica sets and replica set shards.
+ * @typedef {Object} ReadConcern
+ * @property {'local'|'available'|'majority'|'linearizable'|'snapshot'} level The readConcern Level
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A MongoDB WriteConcern, which describes the level of acknowledgement
+ * requested from MongoDB for write operations.
+ * @typedef {Object} WriteConcern
+ * @property {number|'majority'|string} [w=1] requests acknowledgement that the write operation has
+ * propagated to a specified number of mongod hosts
+ * @property {boolean} [j=false] requests acknowledgement from MongoDB that the write operation has
+ * been written to the journal
+ * @property {number} [wtimeout] a time limit, in milliseconds, for the write concern
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for a transaction.
+ * @typedef {Object} TransactionOptions
+ * @property {ReadConcern} [readConcern] A default read concern for commands in this transaction
+ * @property {WriteConcern} [writeConcern] A default writeConcern for commands in this transaction
+ * @property {ReadPreference} [readPreference] A default read preference for commands in this transaction
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A class maintaining state related to a server transaction. Internal Only
+ * @ignore
+ */
+class Transaction {
+  /**
+   * Create a transaction
+   *
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {TransactionOptions} [options] Optional settings
+   */
+  constructor(options) {
+    options = options || {};
+
+    this.state = TxnState.NO_TRANSACTION;
+    this.options = {};
+
+    const writeConcern = WriteConcern.fromOptions(options);
+    if (writeConcern) {
+      if (writeConcern.w <= 0) {
+        throw new MongoError('Transactions do not support unacknowledged write concern');
+      }
+
+      this.options.writeConcern = writeConcern;
+    }
+
+    if (options.readConcern) {
+      this.options.readConcern = ReadConcern.fromOptions(options);
+    }
+
+    if (options.readPreference) {
+      this.options.readPreference = ReadPreference.fromOptions(options);
+    }
+
+    if (options.maxCommitTimeMS) {
+      this.options.maxTimeMS = options.maxCommitTimeMS;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: This isn't technically necessary
+    this._pinnedServer = undefined;
+    this._recoveryToken = undefined;
+  }
+
+  get server() {
+    return this._pinnedServer;
+  }
+
+  get recoveryToken() {
+    return this._recoveryToken;
+  }
+
+  get isPinned() {
+    return !!this.server;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ignore
+   * @return Whether this session is presently in a transaction
+   */
+  get isActive() {
+    return (
+      [TxnState.STARTING_TRANSACTION, TxnState.TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS].indexOf(this.state) !== -1
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Transition the transaction in the state machine
+   * @ignore
+   * @param {TxnState} state The new state to transition to
+   */
+  transition(nextState) {
+    const nextStates = stateMachine[this.state];
+    if (nextStates && nextStates.indexOf(nextState) !== -1) {
+      this.state = nextState;
+      if (this.state === TxnState.NO_TRANSACTION || this.state === TxnState.STARTING_TRANSACTION) {
+        this.unpinServer();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw new MongoError(
+      `Attempted illegal state transition from [${this.state}] to [${nextState}]`
+    );
+  }
+
+  pinServer(server) {
+    if (this.isActive) {
+      this._pinnedServer = server;
+    }
+  }
+
+  unpinServer() {
+    this._pinnedServer = undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+function isTransactionCommand(command) {
+  return !!(command.commitTransaction || command.abortTransaction);
+}
+
+module.exports = { TxnState, Transaction, isTransactionCommand };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/uri_parser.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/uri_parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcb7dd374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/uri_parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,731 @@
+'use strict';
+const URL = require('url');
+const qs = require('querystring');
+const dns = require('dns');
+const MongoParseError = require('./error').MongoParseError;
+const ReadPreference = require('./topologies/read_preference');
+const emitWarningOnce = require('../utils').emitWarningOnce;
+
+/**
+ * The following regular expression validates a connection string and breaks the
+ * provide string into the following capture groups: [protocol, username, password, hosts]
+ */
+const HOSTS_RX = /(mongodb(?:\+srv|)):\/\/(?: (?:[^:]*) (?: : ([^@]*) )? @ )?([^/?]*)(?:\/|)(.*)/;
+
+// Options that reference file paths should not be parsed
+const FILE_PATH_OPTIONS = new Set(
+  ['sslCA', 'sslCert', 'sslKey', 'tlsCAFile', 'tlsCertificateKeyFile'].map(key => key.toLowerCase())
+);
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether a provided address matches the provided parent domain in order
+ * to avoid certain attack vectors.
+ *
+ * @param {String} srvAddress The address to check against a domain
+ * @param {String} parentDomain The domain to check the provided address against
+ * @return {Boolean} Whether the provided address matches the parent domain
+ */
+function matchesParentDomain(srvAddress, parentDomain) {
+  const regex = /^.*?\./;
+  const srv = `.${srvAddress.replace(regex, '')}`;
+  const parent = `.${parentDomain.replace(regex, '')}`;
+  return srv.endsWith(parent);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lookup a `mongodb+srv` connection string, combine the parts and reparse it as a normal
+ * connection string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The connection string to parse
+ * @param {object} options Optional user provided connection string options
+ * @param {function} callback
+ */
+function parseSrvConnectionString(uri, options, callback) {
+  const result = URL.parse(uri, true);
+
+  if (options.directConnection || options.directconnection) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('directConnection not supported with SRV URI'));
+  }
+
+  if (result.hostname.split('.').length < 3) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('URI does not have hostname, domain name and tld'));
+  }
+
+  result.domainLength = result.hostname.split('.').length;
+  if (result.pathname && result.pathname.match(',')) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('Invalid URI, cannot contain multiple hostnames'));
+  }
+
+  if (result.port) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError(`Ports not accepted with '${PROTOCOL_MONGODB_SRV}' URIs`));
+  }
+
+  // Resolve the SRV record and use the result as the list of hosts to connect to.
+  const lookupAddress = result.host;
+  dns.resolveSrv(`_mongodb._tcp.${lookupAddress}`, (err, addresses) => {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    if (addresses.length === 0) {
+      return callback(new MongoParseError('No addresses found at host'));
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < addresses.length; i++) {
+      if (!matchesParentDomain(addresses[i].name, result.hostname, result.domainLength)) {
+        return callback(
+          new MongoParseError('Server record does not share hostname with parent URI')
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Convert the original URL to a non-SRV URL.
+    result.protocol = 'mongodb';
+    result.host = addresses.map(address => `${address.name}:${address.port}`).join(',');
+
+    // Default to SSL true if it's not specified.
+    if (
+      !('ssl' in options) &&
+      (!result.search || !('ssl' in result.query) || result.query.ssl === null)
+    ) {
+      result.query.ssl = true;
+    }
+
+    // Resolve TXT record and add options from there if they exist.
+    dns.resolveTxt(lookupAddress, (err, record) => {
+      if (err) {
+        if (err.code !== 'ENODATA' && err.code !== 'ENOTFOUND') {
+          return callback(err);
+        }
+        record = null;
+      }
+
+      if (record) {
+        if (record.length > 1) {
+          return callback(new MongoParseError('Multiple text records not allowed'));
+        }
+
+        record = qs.parse(record[0].join(''));
+        if (Object.keys(record).some(key => key !== 'authSource' && key !== 'replicaSet')) {
+          return callback(
+            new MongoParseError('Text record must only set `authSource` or `replicaSet`')
+          );
+        }
+
+        result.query = Object.assign({}, record, result.query);
+      }
+
+      // Set completed options back into the URL object.
+      result.search = qs.stringify(result.query);
+
+      const finalString = URL.format(result);
+      parseConnectionString(finalString, options, (err, ret) => {
+        if (err) {
+          callback(err);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        callback(null, Object.assign({}, ret, { srvHost: lookupAddress }));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses a query string item according to the connection string spec
+ *
+ * @param {string} key The key for the parsed value
+ * @param {Array|String} value The value to parse
+ * @return {Array|Object|String} The parsed value
+ */
+function parseQueryStringItemValue(key, value) {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    // deduplicate and simplify arrays
+    value = value.filter((v, idx) => value.indexOf(v) === idx);
+    if (value.length === 1) value = value[0];
+  } else if (value.indexOf(':') > 0) {
+    value = value.split(',').reduce((result, pair) => {
+      const parts = pair.split(':');
+      result[parts[0]] = parseQueryStringItemValue(key, parts[1]);
+      return result;
+    }, {});
+  } else if (value.indexOf(',') > 0) {
+    value = value.split(',').map(v => {
+      return parseQueryStringItemValue(key, v);
+    });
+  } else if (value.toLowerCase() === 'true' || value.toLowerCase() === 'false') {
+    value = value.toLowerCase() === 'true';
+  } else if (!Number.isNaN(value) && !STRING_OPTIONS.has(key)) {
+    const numericValue = parseFloat(value);
+    if (!Number.isNaN(numericValue)) {
+      value = parseFloat(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+// Options that are known boolean types
+const BOOLEAN_OPTIONS = new Set([
+  'slaveok',
+  'slave_ok',
+  'sslvalidate',
+  'fsync',
+  'safe',
+  'retrywrites',
+  'j'
+]);
+
+// Known string options, only used to bypass Number coercion in `parseQueryStringItemValue`
+const STRING_OPTIONS = new Set(['authsource', 'replicaset']);
+
+// Supported text representations of auth mechanisms
+// NOTE: this list exists in native already, if it is merged here we should deduplicate
+const AUTH_MECHANISMS = new Set([
+  'GSSAPI',
+  'MONGODB-AWS',
+  'MONGODB-X509',
+  'MONGODB-CR',
+  'DEFAULT',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-1',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-256',
+  'PLAIN'
+]);
+
+// Lookup table used to translate normalized (lower-cased) forms of connection string
+// options to their expected camelCase version
+const CASE_TRANSLATION = {
+  replicaset: 'replicaSet',
+  connecttimeoutms: 'connectTimeoutMS',
+  sockettimeoutms: 'socketTimeoutMS',
+  maxpoolsize: 'maxPoolSize',
+  minpoolsize: 'minPoolSize',
+  maxidletimems: 'maxIdleTimeMS',
+  waitqueuemultiple: 'waitQueueMultiple',
+  waitqueuetimeoutms: 'waitQueueTimeoutMS',
+  wtimeoutms: 'wtimeoutMS',
+  readconcern: 'readConcern',
+  readconcernlevel: 'readConcernLevel',
+  readpreference: 'readPreference',
+  maxstalenessseconds: 'maxStalenessSeconds',
+  readpreferencetags: 'readPreferenceTags',
+  authsource: 'authSource',
+  authmechanism: 'authMechanism',
+  authmechanismproperties: 'authMechanismProperties',
+  gssapiservicename: 'gssapiServiceName',
+  localthresholdms: 'localThresholdMS',
+  serverselectiontimeoutms: 'serverSelectionTimeoutMS',
+  serverselectiontryonce: 'serverSelectionTryOnce',
+  heartbeatfrequencyms: 'heartbeatFrequencyMS',
+  retrywrites: 'retryWrites',
+  uuidrepresentation: 'uuidRepresentation',
+  zlibcompressionlevel: 'zlibCompressionLevel',
+  tlsallowinvalidcertificates: 'tlsAllowInvalidCertificates',
+  tlsallowinvalidhostnames: 'tlsAllowInvalidHostnames',
+  tlsinsecure: 'tlsInsecure',
+  tlscafile: 'tlsCAFile',
+  tlscertificatekeyfile: 'tlsCertificateKeyFile',
+  tlscertificatekeyfilepassword: 'tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword',
+  wtimeout: 'wTimeoutMS',
+  j: 'journal',
+  directconnection: 'directConnection'
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for `key`, allowing for any required translation
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj The object to set the key on
+ * @param {string} key The key to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value The value to set
+ * @param {object} options The options used for option parsing
+ */
+function applyConnectionStringOption(obj, key, value, options) {
+  // simple key translation
+  if (key === 'journal') {
+    key = 'j';
+  } else if (key === 'wtimeoutms') {
+    key = 'wtimeout';
+  }
+
+  // more complicated translation
+  if (BOOLEAN_OPTIONS.has(key)) {
+    value = value === 'true' || value === true;
+  } else if (key === 'appname') {
+    value = decodeURIComponent(value);
+  } else if (key === 'readconcernlevel') {
+    obj['readConcernLevel'] = value;
+    key = 'readconcern';
+    value = { level: value };
+  }
+
+  // simple validation
+  if (key === 'compressors') {
+    value = Array.isArray(value) ? value : [value];
+
+    if (!value.every(c => c === 'snappy' || c === 'zlib')) {
+      throw new MongoParseError(
+        'Value for `compressors` must be at least one of: `snappy`, `zlib`'
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (key === 'authmechanism' && !AUTH_MECHANISMS.has(value)) {
+    throw new MongoParseError(
+      `Value for authMechanism must be one of: ${Array.from(AUTH_MECHANISMS).join(
+        ', '
+      )}, found: ${value}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (key === 'readpreference' && !ReadPreference.isValid(value)) {
+    throw new MongoParseError(
+      'Value for `readPreference` must be one of: `primary`, `primaryPreferred`, `secondary`, `secondaryPreferred`, `nearest`'
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (key === 'zlibcompressionlevel' && (value < -1 || value > 9)) {
+    throw new MongoParseError('zlibCompressionLevel must be an integer between -1 and 9');
+  }
+
+  // special cases
+  if (key === 'compressors' || key === 'zlibcompressionlevel') {
+    obj.compression = obj.compression || {};
+    obj = obj.compression;
+  }
+
+  if (key === 'authmechanismproperties') {
+    if (typeof value.SERVICE_NAME === 'string') obj.gssapiServiceName = value.SERVICE_NAME;
+    if (typeof value.SERVICE_REALM === 'string') obj.gssapiServiceRealm = value.SERVICE_REALM;
+    if (typeof value.CANONICALIZE_HOST_NAME !== 'undefined') {
+      obj.gssapiCanonicalizeHostName = value.CANONICALIZE_HOST_NAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (key === 'readpreferencetags') {
+    value = Array.isArray(value) ? splitArrayOfMultipleReadPreferenceTags(value) : [value];
+  }
+
+  // set the actual value
+  if (options.caseTranslate && CASE_TRANSLATION[key]) {
+    obj[CASE_TRANSLATION[key]] = value;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  obj[key] = value;
+}
+
+const USERNAME_REQUIRED_MECHANISMS = new Set([
+  'GSSAPI',
+  'MONGODB-CR',
+  'PLAIN',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-1',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-256'
+]);
+
+function splitArrayOfMultipleReadPreferenceTags(value) {
+  const parsedTags = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    parsedTags[i] = {};
+    value[i].split(',').forEach(individualTag => {
+      const splitTag = individualTag.split(':');
+      parsedTags[i][splitTag[0]] = splitTag[1];
+    });
+  }
+
+  return parsedTags;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Modifies the parsed connection string object taking into account expectations we
+ * have for authentication-related options.
+ *
+ * @param {object} parsed The parsed connection string result
+ * @return The parsed connection string result possibly modified for auth expectations
+ */
+function applyAuthExpectations(parsed) {
+  if (parsed.options == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const options = parsed.options;
+  const authSource = options.authsource || options.authSource;
+  if (authSource != null) {
+    parsed.auth = Object.assign({}, parsed.auth, { db: authSource });
+  }
+
+  const authMechanism = options.authmechanism || options.authMechanism;
+  if (authMechanism != null) {
+    if (
+      USERNAME_REQUIRED_MECHANISMS.has(authMechanism) &&
+      (!parsed.auth || parsed.auth.username == null)
+    ) {
+      throw new MongoParseError(`Username required for mechanism \`${authMechanism}\``);
+    }
+
+    if (authMechanism === 'GSSAPI') {
+      if (authSource != null && authSource !== '$external') {
+        throw new MongoParseError(
+          `Invalid source \`${authSource}\` for mechanism \`${authMechanism}\` specified.`
+        );
+      }
+
+      parsed.auth = Object.assign({}, parsed.auth, { db: '$external' });
+    }
+
+    if (authMechanism === 'MONGODB-AWS') {
+      if (authSource != null && authSource !== '$external') {
+        throw new MongoParseError(
+          `Invalid source \`${authSource}\` for mechanism \`${authMechanism}\` specified.`
+        );
+      }
+
+      parsed.auth = Object.assign({}, parsed.auth, { db: '$external' });
+    }
+
+    if (authMechanism === 'MONGODB-X509') {
+      if (parsed.auth && parsed.auth.password != null) {
+        throw new MongoParseError(`Password not allowed for mechanism \`${authMechanism}\``);
+      }
+
+      if (authSource != null && authSource !== '$external') {
+        throw new MongoParseError(
+          `Invalid source \`${authSource}\` for mechanism \`${authMechanism}\` specified.`
+        );
+      }
+
+      parsed.auth = Object.assign({}, parsed.auth, { db: '$external' });
+    }
+
+    if (authMechanism === 'PLAIN') {
+      if (parsed.auth && parsed.auth.db == null) {
+        parsed.auth = Object.assign({}, parsed.auth, { db: '$external' });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // default to `admin` if nothing else was resolved
+  if (parsed.auth && parsed.auth.db == null) {
+    parsed.auth = Object.assign({}, parsed.auth, { db: 'admin' });
+  }
+
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses a query string according the connection string spec.
+ *
+ * @param {String} query The query string to parse
+ * @param {object} [options] The options used for options parsing
+ * @return {Object|Error} The parsed query string as an object, or an error if one was encountered
+ */
+function parseQueryString(query, options) {
+  const result = {};
+  let parsedQueryString = qs.parse(query);
+
+  checkTLSOptions(parsedQueryString);
+
+  for (const key in parsedQueryString) {
+    const value = parsedQueryString[key];
+    if (value === '' || value == null) {
+      throw new MongoParseError('Incomplete key value pair for option');
+    }
+
+    const normalizedKey = key.toLowerCase();
+    const parsedValue = FILE_PATH_OPTIONS.has(normalizedKey)
+      ? value
+      : parseQueryStringItemValue(normalizedKey, value);
+    applyConnectionStringOption(result, normalizedKey, parsedValue, options);
+  }
+
+  // special cases for known deprecated options
+  if (result.wtimeout && result.wtimeoutms) {
+    delete result.wtimeout;
+    emitWarningOnce('Unsupported option `wtimeout` specified');
+  }
+
+  return Object.keys(result).length ? result : null;
+}
+
+/// Adds support for modern `tls` variants of out `ssl` options
+function translateTLSOptions(queryString) {
+  if (queryString.tls) {
+    queryString.ssl = queryString.tls;
+  }
+
+  if (queryString.tlsInsecure) {
+    queryString.checkServerIdentity = false;
+    queryString.sslValidate = false;
+  } else {
+    Object.assign(queryString, {
+      checkServerIdentity: queryString.tlsAllowInvalidHostnames ? false : true,
+      sslValidate: queryString.tlsAllowInvalidCertificates ? false : true
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (queryString.tlsCAFile) {
+    queryString.ssl = true;
+    queryString.sslCA = queryString.tlsCAFile;
+  }
+
+  if (queryString.tlsCertificateKeyFile) {
+    queryString.ssl = true;
+    if (queryString.tlsCertificateFile) {
+      queryString.sslCert = queryString.tlsCertificateFile;
+      queryString.sslKey = queryString.tlsCertificateKeyFile;
+    } else {
+      queryString.sslKey = queryString.tlsCertificateKeyFile;
+      queryString.sslCert = queryString.tlsCertificateKeyFile;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (queryString.tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword) {
+    queryString.ssl = true;
+    queryString.sslPass = queryString.tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword;
+  }
+
+  return queryString;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks a query string for invalid tls options according to the URI options spec.
+ *
+ * @param {string} queryString The query string to check
+ * @throws {MongoParseError}
+ */
+function checkTLSOptions(queryString) {
+  const queryStringKeys = Object.keys(queryString);
+  if (
+    queryStringKeys.indexOf('tlsInsecure') !== -1 &&
+    (queryStringKeys.indexOf('tlsAllowInvalidCertificates') !== -1 ||
+      queryStringKeys.indexOf('tlsAllowInvalidHostnames') !== -1)
+  ) {
+    throw new MongoParseError(
+      'The `tlsInsecure` option cannot be used with `tlsAllowInvalidCertificates` or `tlsAllowInvalidHostnames`.'
+    );
+  }
+
+  const tlsValue = assertTlsOptionsAreEqual('tls', queryString, queryStringKeys);
+  const sslValue = assertTlsOptionsAreEqual('ssl', queryString, queryStringKeys);
+
+  if (tlsValue != null && sslValue != null) {
+    if (tlsValue !== sslValue) {
+      throw new MongoParseError('All values of `tls` and `ssl` must be the same.');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks a query string to ensure all tls/ssl options are the same.
+ *
+ * @param {string} key The key (tls or ssl) to check
+ * @param {string} queryString The query string to check
+ * @throws {MongoParseError}
+ * @return The value of the tls/ssl option
+ */
+function assertTlsOptionsAreEqual(optionName, queryString, queryStringKeys) {
+  const queryStringHasTLSOption = queryStringKeys.indexOf(optionName) !== -1;
+
+  let optionValue;
+  if (Array.isArray(queryString[optionName])) {
+    optionValue = queryString[optionName][0];
+  } else {
+    optionValue = queryString[optionName];
+  }
+
+  if (queryStringHasTLSOption) {
+    if (Array.isArray(queryString[optionName])) {
+      const firstValue = queryString[optionName][0];
+      queryString[optionName].forEach(tlsValue => {
+        if (tlsValue !== firstValue) {
+          throw new MongoParseError(`All values of ${optionName} must be the same.`);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return optionValue;
+}
+
+const PROTOCOL_MONGODB = 'mongodb';
+const PROTOCOL_MONGODB_SRV = 'mongodb+srv';
+const SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS = [PROTOCOL_MONGODB, PROTOCOL_MONGODB_SRV];
+
+/**
+ * Parses a MongoDB connection string
+ *
+ * @param {*} uri the MongoDB connection string to parse
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.caseTranslate] Whether the parser should translate options back into camelCase after normalization
+ * @param {parseCallback} callback
+ */
+function parseConnectionString(uri, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, { caseTranslate: true }, options);
+
+  // Check for bad uris before we parse
+  try {
+    URL.parse(uri);
+  } catch (e) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('URI malformed, cannot be parsed'));
+  }
+
+  const cap = uri.match(HOSTS_RX);
+  if (!cap) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('Invalid connection string'));
+  }
+
+  const protocol = cap[1];
+  if (SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS.indexOf(protocol) === -1) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('Invalid protocol provided'));
+  }
+
+  const dbAndQuery = cap[4].split('?');
+  const db = dbAndQuery.length > 0 ? dbAndQuery[0] : null;
+  const query = dbAndQuery.length > 1 ? dbAndQuery[1] : null;
+
+  let parsedOptions;
+  try {
+    parsedOptions = parseQueryString(query, options);
+  } catch (parseError) {
+    return callback(parseError);
+  }
+
+  parsedOptions = Object.assign({}, parsedOptions, options);
+
+  if (protocol === PROTOCOL_MONGODB_SRV) {
+    return parseSrvConnectionString(uri, parsedOptions, callback);
+  }
+
+  const auth = { username: null, password: null, db: db && db !== '' ? qs.unescape(db) : null };
+  if (parsedOptions.auth) {
+    // maintain support for legacy options passed into `MongoClient`
+    if (parsedOptions.auth.username) auth.username = parsedOptions.auth.username;
+    if (parsedOptions.auth.user) auth.username = parsedOptions.auth.user;
+    if (parsedOptions.auth.password) auth.password = parsedOptions.auth.password;
+  } else {
+    if (parsedOptions.username) auth.username = parsedOptions.username;
+    if (parsedOptions.user) auth.username = parsedOptions.user;
+    if (parsedOptions.password) auth.password = parsedOptions.password;
+  }
+
+  if (cap[4].split('?')[0].indexOf('@') !== -1) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('Unescaped slash in userinfo section'));
+  }
+
+  const authorityParts = cap[3].split('@');
+  if (authorityParts.length > 2) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('Unescaped at-sign in authority section'));
+  }
+
+  if (authorityParts[0] == null || authorityParts[0] === '') {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('No username provided in authority section'));
+  }
+
+  if (authorityParts.length > 1) {
+    const authParts = authorityParts.shift().split(':');
+    if (authParts.length > 2) {
+      return callback(new MongoParseError('Unescaped colon in authority section'));
+    }
+
+    if (authParts[0] === '') {
+      return callback(new MongoParseError('Invalid empty username provided'));
+    }
+
+    if (!auth.username) auth.username = qs.unescape(authParts[0]);
+    if (!auth.password) auth.password = authParts[1] ? qs.unescape(authParts[1]) : null;
+  }
+
+  let hostParsingError = null;
+  const hosts = authorityParts
+    .shift()
+    .split(',')
+    .map(host => {
+      let parsedHost = URL.parse(`mongodb://${host}`);
+      if (parsedHost.path === '/:') {
+        hostParsingError = new MongoParseError('Double colon in host identifier');
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      // heuristically determine if we're working with a domain socket
+      if (host.match(/\.sock/)) {
+        parsedHost.hostname = qs.unescape(host);
+        parsedHost.port = null;
+      }
+
+      if (Number.isNaN(parsedHost.port)) {
+        hostParsingError = new MongoParseError('Invalid port (non-numeric string)');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const result = {
+        host: parsedHost.hostname,
+        port: parsedHost.port ? parseInt(parsedHost.port) : 27017
+      };
+
+      if (result.port === 0) {
+        hostParsingError = new MongoParseError('Invalid port (zero) with hostname');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (result.port > 65535) {
+        hostParsingError = new MongoParseError('Invalid port (larger than 65535) with hostname');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (result.port < 0) {
+        hostParsingError = new MongoParseError('Invalid port (negative number)');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    })
+    .filter(host => !!host);
+
+  if (hostParsingError) {
+    return callback(hostParsingError);
+  }
+
+  if (hosts.length === 0 || hosts[0].host === '' || hosts[0].host === null) {
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('No hostname or hostnames provided in connection string'));
+  }
+
+  const directConnection = !!parsedOptions.directConnection;
+  if (directConnection && hosts.length !== 1) {
+    // If the option is set to true, the driver MUST validate that there is exactly one host given
+    // in the host list in the URI, and fail client creation otherwise.
+    return callback(new MongoParseError('directConnection option requires exactly one host'));
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: this behavior will go away in v4.0, we will always auto discover there
+  if (
+    parsedOptions.directConnection == null &&
+    hosts.length === 1 &&
+    parsedOptions.replicaSet == null
+  ) {
+    parsedOptions.directConnection = true;
+  }
+
+  const result = {
+    hosts: hosts,
+    auth: auth.db || auth.username ? auth : null,
+    options: Object.keys(parsedOptions).length ? parsedOptions : null
+  };
+
+  if (result.auth && result.auth.db) {
+    result.defaultDatabase = result.auth.db;
+  } else {
+    result.defaultDatabase = 'test';
+  }
+
+  // support modern `tls` variants to SSL options
+  result.options = translateTLSOptions(result.options);
+
+  try {
+    applyAuthExpectations(result);
+  } catch (authError) {
+    return callback(authError);
+  }
+
+  callback(null, result);
+}
+
+module.exports = parseConnectionString;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..631c4a9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+'use strict';
+const os = require('os');
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const requireOptional = require('optional-require')(require);
+
+/**
+ * Generate a UUIDv4
+ */
+const uuidV4 = () => {
+  const result = crypto.randomBytes(16);
+  result[6] = (result[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40;
+  result[8] = (result[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Relays events for a given listener and emitter
+ *
+ * @param {EventEmitter} listener the EventEmitter to listen to the events from
+ * @param {EventEmitter} emitter the EventEmitter to relay the events to
+ */
+function relayEvents(listener, emitter, events) {
+  events.forEach(eventName => listener.on(eventName, event => emitter.emit(eventName, event)));
+}
+
+function retrieveKerberos() {
+  let kerberos;
+
+  try {
+    kerberos = requireOptional('kerberos');
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND') {
+      throw new Error('The `kerberos` module was not found. Please install it and try again.');
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  return kerberos;
+}
+
+// Throw an error if an attempt to use EJSON is made when it is not installed
+const noEJSONError = function() {
+  throw new Error('The `mongodb-extjson` module was not found. Please install it and try again.');
+};
+
+// Facilitate loading EJSON optionally
+function retrieveEJSON() {
+  let EJSON = requireOptional('mongodb-extjson');
+  if (!EJSON) {
+    EJSON = {
+      parse: noEJSONError,
+      deserialize: noEJSONError,
+      serialize: noEJSONError,
+      stringify: noEJSONError,
+      setBSONModule: noEJSONError,
+      BSON: noEJSONError
+    };
+  }
+
+  return EJSON;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A helper function for determining `maxWireVersion` between legacy and new topology
+ * instances
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {(Topology|Server)} topologyOrServer
+ */
+function maxWireVersion(topologyOrServer) {
+  if (topologyOrServer) {
+    if (topologyOrServer.ismaster) {
+      return topologyOrServer.ismaster.maxWireVersion;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof topologyOrServer.lastIsMaster === 'function') {
+      const lastIsMaster = topologyOrServer.lastIsMaster();
+      if (lastIsMaster) {
+        return lastIsMaster.maxWireVersion;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (topologyOrServer.description) {
+      return topologyOrServer.description.maxWireVersion;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Checks that collation is supported by server.
+ *
+ * @param {Server} [server] to check against
+ * @param {object} [cmd] object where collation may be specified
+ * @param {function} [callback] callback function
+ * @return true if server does not support collation
+ */
+function collationNotSupported(server, cmd) {
+  return cmd && cmd.collation && maxWireVersion(server) < 5;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a given value is a Promise
+ *
+ * @param {*} maybePromise
+ * @return true if the provided value is a Promise
+ */
+function isPromiseLike(maybePromise) {
+  return maybePromise && typeof maybePromise.then === 'function';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies the function `eachFn` to each item in `arr`, in parallel.
+ *
+ * @param {array} arr an array of items to asynchronusly iterate over
+ * @param {function} eachFn A function to call on each item of the array. The callback signature is `(item, callback)`, where the callback indicates iteration is complete.
+ * @param {function} callback The callback called after every item has been iterated
+ */
+function eachAsync(arr, eachFn, callback) {
+  arr = arr || [];
+
+  let idx = 0;
+  let awaiting = 0;
+  for (idx = 0; idx < arr.length; ++idx) {
+    awaiting++;
+    eachFn(arr[idx], eachCallback);
+  }
+
+  if (awaiting === 0) {
+    callback();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  function eachCallback(err) {
+    awaiting--;
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (idx === arr.length && awaiting <= 0) {
+      callback();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function eachAsyncSeries(arr, eachFn, callback) {
+  arr = arr || [];
+
+  let idx = 0;
+  let awaiting = arr.length;
+  if (awaiting === 0) {
+    callback();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  function eachCallback(err) {
+    idx++;
+    awaiting--;
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (idx === arr.length && awaiting <= 0) {
+      callback();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    eachFn(arr[idx], eachCallback);
+  }
+
+  eachFn(arr[idx], eachCallback);
+}
+
+function isUnifiedTopology(topology) {
+  return topology.description != null;
+}
+
+function arrayStrictEqual(arr, arr2) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(arr) || !Array.isArray(arr2)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return arr.length === arr2.length && arr.every((elt, idx) => elt === arr2[idx]);
+}
+
+function tagsStrictEqual(tags, tags2) {
+  const tagsKeys = Object.keys(tags);
+  const tags2Keys = Object.keys(tags2);
+  return tagsKeys.length === tags2Keys.length && tagsKeys.every(key => tags2[key] === tags[key]);
+}
+
+function errorStrictEqual(lhs, rhs) {
+  if (lhs === rhs) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if ((lhs == null && rhs != null) || (lhs != null && rhs == null)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (lhs.constructor.name !== rhs.constructor.name) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (lhs.message !== rhs.message) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function makeStateMachine(stateTable) {
+  return function stateTransition(target, newState) {
+    const legalStates = stateTable[target.s.state];
+    if (legalStates && legalStates.indexOf(newState) < 0) {
+      throw new TypeError(
+        `illegal state transition from [${target.s.state}] => [${newState}], allowed: [${legalStates}]`
+      );
+    }
+
+    target.emit('stateChanged', target.s.state, newState);
+    target.s.state = newState;
+  };
+}
+
+function makeClientMetadata(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const metadata = {
+    driver: {
+      name: 'nodejs',
+      version: require('../../package.json').version
+    },
+    os: {
+      type: os.type(),
+      name: process.platform,
+      architecture: process.arch,
+      version: os.release()
+    },
+    platform: `'Node.js ${process.version}, ${os.endianness} (${
+      options.useUnifiedTopology ? 'unified' : 'legacy'
+    })`
+  };
+
+  // support optionally provided wrapping driver info
+  if (options.driverInfo) {
+    if (options.driverInfo.name) {
+      metadata.driver.name = `${metadata.driver.name}|${options.driverInfo.name}`;
+    }
+
+    if (options.driverInfo.version) {
+      metadata.version = `${metadata.driver.version}|${options.driverInfo.version}`;
+    }
+
+    if (options.driverInfo.platform) {
+      metadata.platform = `${metadata.platform}|${options.driverInfo.platform}`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.appname) {
+    // MongoDB requires the appname not exceed a byte length of 128
+    const buffer = Buffer.from(options.appname);
+    metadata.application = {
+      name: buffer.length > 128 ? buffer.slice(0, 128).toString('utf8') : options.appname
+    };
+  }
+
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+const noop = () => {};
+
+module.exports = {
+  uuidV4,
+  relayEvents,
+  collationNotSupported,
+  retrieveEJSON,
+  retrieveKerberos,
+  maxWireVersion,
+  isPromiseLike,
+  eachAsync,
+  eachAsyncSeries,
+  isUnifiedTopology,
+  arrayStrictEqual,
+  tagsStrictEqual,
+  errorStrictEqual,
+  makeStateMachine,
+  makeClientMetadata,
+  noop
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/command.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/command.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e687f8c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/command.js
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Query = require('../connection/commands').Query;
+const Msg = require('../connection/msg').Msg;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const getReadPreference = require('./shared').getReadPreference;
+const isSharded = require('./shared').isSharded;
+const databaseNamespace = require('./shared').databaseNamespace;
+const isTransactionCommand = require('../transactions').isTransactionCommand;
+const applySession = require('../sessions').applySession;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+
+function isClientEncryptionEnabled(server) {
+  const wireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+  return wireVersion && server.autoEncrypter;
+}
+
+function command(server, ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  if (cmd == null) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(`command ${JSON.stringify(cmd)} does not return a cursor`));
+  }
+
+  if (!isClientEncryptionEnabled(server)) {
+    _command(server, ns, cmd, options, callback);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const wireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+  if (typeof wireVersion !== 'number' || wireVersion < 8) {
+    callback(new MongoError('Auto-encryption requires a minimum MongoDB version of 4.2'));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  _cryptCommand(server, ns, cmd, options, callback);
+}
+
+function _command(server, ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  const bson = server.s.bson;
+  const pool = server.s.pool;
+  const readPreference = getReadPreference(cmd, options);
+  const shouldUseOpMsg = supportsOpMsg(server);
+  const session = options.session;
+
+  const serverClusterTime = server.clusterTime;
+  let clusterTime = serverClusterTime;
+  let finalCmd = Object.assign({}, cmd);
+  if (hasSessionSupport(server) && session) {
+    const sessionClusterTime = session.clusterTime;
+    if (
+      serverClusterTime &&
+      serverClusterTime.clusterTime &&
+      sessionClusterTime &&
+      sessionClusterTime.clusterTime &&
+      sessionClusterTime.clusterTime.greaterThan(serverClusterTime.clusterTime)
+    ) {
+      clusterTime = sessionClusterTime;
+    }
+
+    const err = applySession(session, finalCmd, options);
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (clusterTime) {
+    // if we have a known cluster time, gossip it
+    finalCmd.$clusterTime = clusterTime;
+  }
+
+  if (isSharded(server) && !shouldUseOpMsg && readPreference && readPreference.mode !== 'primary') {
+    finalCmd = {
+      $query: finalCmd,
+      $readPreference: readPreference.toJSON()
+    };
+  }
+
+  const commandOptions = Object.assign(
+    {
+      command: true,
+      numberToSkip: 0,
+      numberToReturn: -1,
+      checkKeys: false
+    },
+    options
+  );
+
+  // This value is not overridable
+  commandOptions.slaveOk = readPreference.slaveOk();
+
+  const cmdNs = `${databaseNamespace(ns)}.$cmd`;
+  const message = shouldUseOpMsg
+    ? new Msg(bson, cmdNs, finalCmd, commandOptions)
+    : new Query(bson, cmdNs, finalCmd, commandOptions);
+
+  const inTransaction = session && (session.inTransaction() || isTransactionCommand(finalCmd));
+  const commandResponseHandler = inTransaction
+    ? function(err) {
+        // We need to add a TransientTransactionError errorLabel, as stated in the transaction spec.
+        if (
+          err &&
+          err instanceof MongoNetworkError &&
+          !err.hasErrorLabel('TransientTransactionError')
+        ) {
+          err.addErrorLabel('TransientTransactionError');
+        }
+
+        if (
+          !cmd.commitTransaction &&
+          err &&
+          err instanceof MongoError &&
+          err.hasErrorLabel('TransientTransactionError')
+        ) {
+          session.transaction.unpinServer();
+        }
+
+        return callback.apply(null, arguments);
+      }
+    : callback;
+
+  try {
+    pool.write(message, commandOptions, commandResponseHandler);
+  } catch (err) {
+    commandResponseHandler(err);
+  }
+}
+
+function hasSessionSupport(topology) {
+  if (topology == null) return false;
+  if (topology.description) {
+    return topology.description.maxWireVersion >= 6;
+  }
+
+  return topology.ismaster == null ? false : topology.ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 6;
+}
+
+function supportsOpMsg(topologyOrServer) {
+  const description = topologyOrServer.ismaster
+    ? topologyOrServer.ismaster
+    : topologyOrServer.description;
+
+  if (description == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return description.maxWireVersion >= 6 && description.__nodejs_mock_server__ == null;
+}
+
+function _cryptCommand(server, ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+  const autoEncrypter = server.autoEncrypter;
+  function commandResponseHandler(err, response) {
+    if (err || response == null) {
+      callback(err, response);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    autoEncrypter.decrypt(response.result, options, (err, decrypted) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      response.result = decrypted;
+      response.message.documents = [decrypted];
+      callback(null, response);
+    });
+  }
+
+  autoEncrypter.encrypt(ns, cmd, options, (err, encrypted) => {
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err, null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    _command(server, ns, encrypted, options, commandResponseHandler);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = command;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/compression.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/compression.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1e15835b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/compression.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Snappy = require('../connection/utils').retrieveSnappy();
+const zlib = require('zlib');
+
+const compressorIDs = {
+  snappy: 1,
+  zlib: 2
+};
+
+const uncompressibleCommands = new Set([
+  'ismaster',
+  'saslStart',
+  'saslContinue',
+  'getnonce',
+  'authenticate',
+  'createUser',
+  'updateUser',
+  'copydbSaslStart',
+  'copydbgetnonce',
+  'copydb'
+]);
+
+// Facilitate compressing a message using an agreed compressor
+function compress(self, dataToBeCompressed, callback) {
+  switch (self.options.agreedCompressor) {
+    case 'snappy':
+      Snappy.compress(dataToBeCompressed, callback);
+      break;
+    case 'zlib':
+      // Determine zlibCompressionLevel
+      var zlibOptions = {};
+      if (self.options.zlibCompressionLevel) {
+        zlibOptions.level = self.options.zlibCompressionLevel;
+      }
+      zlib.deflate(dataToBeCompressed, zlibOptions, callback);
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new Error(
+        'Attempt to compress message using unknown compressor "' +
+          self.options.agreedCompressor +
+          '".'
+      );
+  }
+}
+
+// Decompress a message using the given compressor
+function decompress(compressorID, compressedData, callback) {
+  if (compressorID < 0 || compressorID > compressorIDs.length) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Server sent message compressed using an unsupported compressor. (Received compressor ID ' +
+        compressorID +
+        ')'
+    );
+  }
+  switch (compressorID) {
+    case compressorIDs.snappy:
+      Snappy.uncompress(compressedData, callback);
+      break;
+    case compressorIDs.zlib:
+      zlib.inflate(compressedData, callback);
+      break;
+    default:
+      callback(null, compressedData);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  compressorIDs,
+  uncompressibleCommands,
+  compress,
+  decompress
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/constants.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/constants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49893f8fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/constants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION = '2.6';
+const MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION = '4.4';
+const MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION = 2;
+const MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION = 9;
+
+module.exports = {
+  MIN_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION,
+  MAX_SUPPORTED_SERVER_VERSION,
+  MIN_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION,
+  MAX_SUPPORTED_WIRE_VERSION
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/get_more.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/get_more.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e452f6ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/get_more.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const GetMore = require('../connection/commands').GetMore;
+const retrieveBSON = require('../connection/utils').retrieveBSON;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const BSON = retrieveBSON();
+const Long = BSON.Long;
+const collectionNamespace = require('./shared').collectionNamespace;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+const applyCommonQueryOptions = require('./shared').applyCommonQueryOptions;
+const command = require('./command');
+
+function getMore(server, ns, cursorState, batchSize, options, callback) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const wireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+  function queryCallback(err, result) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    const response = result.message;
+
+    // If we have a timed out query or a cursor that was killed
+    if (response.cursorNotFound) {
+      return callback(new MongoNetworkError('cursor killed or timed out'), null);
+    }
+
+    if (wireVersion < 4) {
+      const cursorId =
+        typeof response.cursorId === 'number'
+          ? Long.fromNumber(response.cursorId)
+          : response.cursorId;
+
+      cursorState.documents = response.documents;
+      cursorState.cursorId = cursorId;
+
+      callback(null, null, response.connection);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // We have an error detected
+    if (response.documents[0].ok === 0) {
+      return callback(new MongoError(response.documents[0]));
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we have a Long valid cursor id
+    const cursorId =
+      typeof response.documents[0].cursor.id === 'number'
+        ? Long.fromNumber(response.documents[0].cursor.id)
+        : response.documents[0].cursor.id;
+
+    cursorState.documents = response.documents[0].cursor.nextBatch;
+    cursorState.cursorId = cursorId;
+
+    callback(null, response.documents[0], response.connection);
+  }
+
+  if (wireVersion < 4) {
+    const bson = server.s.bson;
+    const getMoreOp = new GetMore(bson, ns, cursorState.cursorId, { numberToReturn: batchSize });
+    const queryOptions = applyCommonQueryOptions({}, cursorState);
+    server.s.pool.write(getMoreOp, queryOptions, queryCallback);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const cursorId =
+    cursorState.cursorId instanceof Long
+      ? cursorState.cursorId
+      : Long.fromNumber(cursorState.cursorId);
+
+  const getMoreCmd = {
+    getMore: cursorId,
+    collection: collectionNamespace(ns),
+    batchSize: Math.abs(batchSize)
+  };
+
+  if (cursorState.cmd.tailable && typeof cursorState.cmd.maxAwaitTimeMS === 'number') {
+    getMoreCmd.maxTimeMS = cursorState.cmd.maxAwaitTimeMS;
+  }
+
+  const commandOptions = Object.assign(
+    {
+      returnFieldSelector: null,
+      documentsReturnedIn: 'nextBatch'
+    },
+    options
+  );
+
+  if (cursorState.session) {
+    commandOptions.session = cursorState.session;
+  }
+
+  command(server, ns, getMoreCmd, commandOptions, queryCallback);
+}
+
+module.exports = getMore;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6ffda7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+const writeCommand = require('./write_command');
+
+module.exports = {
+  insert: function insert(server, ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    writeCommand(server, 'insert', 'documents', ns, ops, options, callback);
+  },
+  update: function update(server, ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    writeCommand(server, 'update', 'updates', ns, ops, options, callback);
+  },
+  remove: function remove(server, ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    writeCommand(server, 'delete', 'deletes', ns, ops, options, callback);
+  },
+  killCursors: require('./kill_cursors'),
+  getMore: require('./get_more'),
+  query: require('./query'),
+  command: require('./command')
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/kill_cursors.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/kill_cursors.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22744794f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/kill_cursors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const KillCursor = require('../connection/commands').KillCursor;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const MongoNetworkError = require('../error').MongoNetworkError;
+const collectionNamespace = require('./shared').collectionNamespace;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+const emitWarning = require('../utils').emitWarning;
+const command = require('./command');
+
+function killCursors(server, ns, cursorState, callback) {
+  callback = typeof callback === 'function' ? callback : () => {};
+  const cursorId = cursorState.cursorId;
+
+  if (maxWireVersion(server) < 4) {
+    const bson = server.s.bson;
+    const pool = server.s.pool;
+    const killCursor = new KillCursor(bson, ns, [cursorId]);
+    const options = {
+      immediateRelease: true,
+      noResponse: true
+    };
+
+    if (typeof cursorState.session === 'object') {
+      options.session = cursorState.session;
+    }
+
+    if (pool && pool.isConnected()) {
+      try {
+        pool.write(killCursor, options, callback);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+          callback(err, null);
+        } else {
+          emitWarning(err);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const killCursorCmd = {
+    killCursors: collectionNamespace(ns),
+    cursors: [cursorId]
+  };
+
+  const options = {};
+  if (typeof cursorState.session === 'object') options.session = cursorState.session;
+
+  command(server, ns, killCursorCmd, options, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    const response = result.message;
+    if (response.cursorNotFound) {
+      return callback(new MongoNetworkError('cursor killed or timed out'), null);
+    }
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(response.documents) || response.documents.length === 0) {
+      return callback(
+        new MongoError(`invalid killCursors result returned for cursor id ${cursorId}`)
+      );
+    }
+
+    callback(null, response.documents[0]);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = killCursors;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/query.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/query.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66ba531ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/query.js
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Query = require('../connection/commands').Query;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const getReadPreference = require('./shared').getReadPreference;
+const collectionNamespace = require('./shared').collectionNamespace;
+const isSharded = require('./shared').isSharded;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../utils').maxWireVersion;
+const applyCommonQueryOptions = require('./shared').applyCommonQueryOptions;
+const command = require('./command');
+const decorateWithExplain = require('../../utils').decorateWithExplain;
+const Explain = require('../../explain').Explain;
+
+function query(server, ns, cmd, cursorState, options, callback) {
+  options = options || {};
+  if (cursorState.cursorId != null) {
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  if (cmd == null) {
+    return callback(new MongoError(`command ${JSON.stringify(cmd)} does not return a cursor`));
+  }
+
+  if (maxWireVersion(server) < 4) {
+    const query = prepareLegacyFindQuery(server, ns, cmd, cursorState, options);
+    const queryOptions = applyCommonQueryOptions({}, cursorState);
+    if (typeof query.documentsReturnedIn === 'string') {
+      queryOptions.documentsReturnedIn = query.documentsReturnedIn;
+    }
+
+    server.s.pool.write(query, queryOptions, callback);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const readPreference = getReadPreference(cmd, options);
+  let findCmd = prepareFindCommand(server, ns, cmd, cursorState, options);
+
+  // If we have explain, we need to rewrite the find command
+  // to wrap it in the explain command
+  const explain = Explain.fromOptions(options);
+  if (explain) {
+    findCmd = decorateWithExplain(findCmd, explain);
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: This actually modifies the passed in cmd, and our code _depends_ on this
+  //       side-effect. Change this ASAP
+  cmd.virtual = false;
+
+  const commandOptions = Object.assign(
+    {
+      documentsReturnedIn: 'firstBatch',
+      numberToReturn: 1,
+      slaveOk: readPreference.slaveOk()
+    },
+    options
+  );
+
+  if (cmd.readPreference) {
+    commandOptions.readPreference = readPreference;
+  }
+
+  if (cursorState.session) {
+    commandOptions.session = cursorState.session;
+  }
+
+  command(server, ns, findCmd, commandOptions, callback);
+}
+
+function prepareFindCommand(server, ns, cmd, cursorState) {
+  cursorState.batchSize = cmd.batchSize || cursorState.batchSize;
+  const findCmd = {
+    find: collectionNamespace(ns)
+  };
+
+  if (cmd.query) {
+    if (cmd.query['$query']) {
+      findCmd.filter = cmd.query['$query'];
+    } else {
+      findCmd.filter = cmd.query;
+    }
+  }
+
+  let sortValue = cmd.sort;
+  if (Array.isArray(sortValue)) {
+    const sortObject = {};
+
+    if (sortValue.length > 0 && !Array.isArray(sortValue[0])) {
+      let sortDirection = sortValue[1];
+      if (sortDirection === 'asc') {
+        sortDirection = 1;
+      } else if (sortDirection === 'desc') {
+        sortDirection = -1;
+      }
+
+      sortObject[sortValue[0]] = sortDirection;
+    } else {
+      for (let i = 0; i < sortValue.length; i++) {
+        let sortDirection = sortValue[i][1];
+        if (sortDirection === 'asc') {
+          sortDirection = 1;
+        } else if (sortDirection === 'desc') {
+          sortDirection = -1;
+        }
+
+        sortObject[sortValue[i][0]] = sortDirection;
+      }
+    }
+
+    sortValue = sortObject;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof cmd.allowDiskUse === 'boolean') {
+    findCmd.allowDiskUse = cmd.allowDiskUse;
+  }
+
+  if (cmd.sort) findCmd.sort = sortValue;
+  if (cmd.fields) findCmd.projection = cmd.fields;
+  if (cmd.hint) findCmd.hint = cmd.hint;
+  if (cmd.skip) findCmd.skip = cmd.skip;
+  if (cmd.limit) findCmd.limit = cmd.limit;
+  if (cmd.limit < 0) {
+    findCmd.limit = Math.abs(cmd.limit);
+    findCmd.singleBatch = true;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof cmd.batchSize === 'number') {
+    if (cmd.batchSize < 0) {
+      if (cmd.limit !== 0 && Math.abs(cmd.batchSize) < Math.abs(cmd.limit)) {
+        findCmd.limit = Math.abs(cmd.batchSize);
+      }
+
+      findCmd.singleBatch = true;
+    }
+
+    findCmd.batchSize = Math.abs(cmd.batchSize);
+  }
+
+  if (cmd.comment) findCmd.comment = cmd.comment;
+  if (cmd.maxScan) findCmd.maxScan = cmd.maxScan;
+  if (cmd.maxTimeMS) findCmd.maxTimeMS = cmd.maxTimeMS;
+  if (cmd.min) findCmd.min = cmd.min;
+  if (cmd.max) findCmd.max = cmd.max;
+  findCmd.returnKey = cmd.returnKey ? cmd.returnKey : false;
+  findCmd.showRecordId = cmd.showDiskLoc ? cmd.showDiskLoc : false;
+  if (cmd.snapshot) findCmd.snapshot = cmd.snapshot;
+  if (cmd.tailable) findCmd.tailable = cmd.tailable;
+  if (cmd.oplogReplay) findCmd.oplogReplay = cmd.oplogReplay;
+  if (cmd.noCursorTimeout) findCmd.noCursorTimeout = cmd.noCursorTimeout;
+  if (cmd.awaitData) findCmd.awaitData = cmd.awaitData;
+  if (cmd.awaitdata) findCmd.awaitData = cmd.awaitdata;
+  if (cmd.partial) findCmd.partial = cmd.partial;
+  if (cmd.collation) findCmd.collation = cmd.collation;
+  if (cmd.readConcern) findCmd.readConcern = cmd.readConcern;
+
+  return findCmd;
+}
+
+function prepareLegacyFindQuery(server, ns, cmd, cursorState, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const bson = server.s.bson;
+  const readPreference = getReadPreference(cmd, options);
+  cursorState.batchSize = cmd.batchSize || cursorState.batchSize;
+
+  let numberToReturn = 0;
+  if (
+    cursorState.limit < 0 ||
+    (cursorState.limit !== 0 && cursorState.limit < cursorState.batchSize) ||
+    (cursorState.limit > 0 && cursorState.batchSize === 0)
+  ) {
+    numberToReturn = cursorState.limit;
+  } else {
+    numberToReturn = cursorState.batchSize;
+  }
+
+  const numberToSkip = cursorState.skip || 0;
+
+  const findCmd = {};
+  if (isSharded(server) && readPreference) {
+    findCmd['$readPreference'] = readPreference.toJSON();
+  }
+
+  if (cmd.sort) findCmd['$orderby'] = cmd.sort;
+  if (cmd.hint) findCmd['$hint'] = cmd.hint;
+  if (cmd.snapshot) findCmd['$snapshot'] = cmd.snapshot;
+  if (typeof cmd.returnKey !== 'undefined') findCmd['$returnKey'] = cmd.returnKey;
+  if (cmd.maxScan) findCmd['$maxScan'] = cmd.maxScan;
+  if (cmd.min) findCmd['$min'] = cmd.min;
+  if (cmd.max) findCmd['$max'] = cmd.max;
+  if (typeof cmd.showDiskLoc !== 'undefined') findCmd['$showDiskLoc'] = cmd.showDiskLoc;
+  if (cmd.comment) findCmd['$comment'] = cmd.comment;
+  if (cmd.maxTimeMS) findCmd['$maxTimeMS'] = cmd.maxTimeMS;
+  if (options.explain !== undefined) {
+    // nToReturn must be 0 (match all) or negative (match N and close cursor)
+    // nToReturn > 0 will give explain results equivalent to limit(0)
+    numberToReturn = -Math.abs(cmd.limit || 0);
+    findCmd['$explain'] = true;
+  }
+
+  findCmd['$query'] = cmd.query;
+  if (cmd.readConcern && cmd.readConcern.level !== 'local') {
+    throw new MongoError(
+      `server find command does not support a readConcern level of ${cmd.readConcern.level}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (cmd.readConcern) {
+    cmd = Object.assign({}, cmd);
+    delete cmd['readConcern'];
+  }
+
+  const serializeFunctions =
+    typeof options.serializeFunctions === 'boolean' ? options.serializeFunctions : false;
+  const ignoreUndefined =
+    typeof options.ignoreUndefined === 'boolean' ? options.ignoreUndefined : false;
+
+  const query = new Query(bson, ns, findCmd, {
+    numberToSkip: numberToSkip,
+    numberToReturn: numberToReturn,
+    pre32Limit: typeof cmd.limit !== 'undefined' ? cmd.limit : undefined,
+    checkKeys: false,
+    returnFieldSelector: cmd.fields,
+    serializeFunctions: serializeFunctions,
+    ignoreUndefined: ignoreUndefined
+  });
+
+  if (typeof cmd.tailable === 'boolean') query.tailable = cmd.tailable;
+  if (typeof cmd.oplogReplay === 'boolean') query.oplogReplay = cmd.oplogReplay;
+  if (typeof cmd.noCursorTimeout === 'boolean') query.noCursorTimeout = cmd.noCursorTimeout;
+  if (typeof cmd.awaitData === 'boolean') query.awaitData = cmd.awaitData;
+  if (typeof cmd.partial === 'boolean') query.partial = cmd.partial;
+
+  query.slaveOk = readPreference.slaveOk();
+  return query;
+}
+
+module.exports = query;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/shared.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/shared.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c586f0575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/shared.js
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ReadPreference = require('../topologies/read_preference');
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const ServerType = require('../sdam/common').ServerType;
+const TopologyDescription = require('../sdam/topology_description').TopologyDescription;
+
+const MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE = 16;
+const COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE = 9; // originalOpcode + uncompressedSize, compressorID
+
+// OPCODE Numbers
+// Defined at https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/mongodb-wire-protocol/#request-opcodes
+var opcodes = {
+  OP_REPLY: 1,
+  OP_UPDATE: 2001,
+  OP_INSERT: 2002,
+  OP_QUERY: 2004,
+  OP_GETMORE: 2005,
+  OP_DELETE: 2006,
+  OP_KILL_CURSORS: 2007,
+  OP_COMPRESSED: 2012,
+  OP_MSG: 2013
+};
+
+var getReadPreference = function(cmd, options) {
+  // Default to command version of the readPreference
+  var readPreference = cmd.readPreference || new ReadPreference('primary');
+  // If we have an option readPreference override the command one
+  if (options.readPreference) {
+    readPreference = options.readPreference;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof readPreference === 'string') {
+    readPreference = new ReadPreference(readPreference);
+  }
+
+  if (!(readPreference instanceof ReadPreference)) {
+    throw new MongoError('read preference must be a ReadPreference instance');
+  }
+
+  return readPreference;
+};
+
+// Parses the header of a wire protocol message
+var parseHeader = function(message) {
+  return {
+    length: message.readInt32LE(0),
+    requestId: message.readInt32LE(4),
+    responseTo: message.readInt32LE(8),
+    opCode: message.readInt32LE(12)
+  };
+};
+
+function applyCommonQueryOptions(queryOptions, options) {
+  Object.assign(queryOptions, {
+    raw: typeof options.raw === 'boolean' ? options.raw : false,
+    promoteLongs: typeof options.promoteLongs === 'boolean' ? options.promoteLongs : true,
+    promoteValues: typeof options.promoteValues === 'boolean' ? options.promoteValues : true,
+    promoteBuffers: typeof options.promoteBuffers === 'boolean' ? options.promoteBuffers : false,
+    monitoring: typeof options.monitoring === 'boolean' ? options.monitoring : false,
+    fullResult: typeof options.fullResult === 'boolean' ? options.fullResult : false
+  });
+
+  if (typeof options.socketTimeout === 'number') {
+    queryOptions.socketTimeout = options.socketTimeout;
+  }
+
+  if (options.session) {
+    queryOptions.session = options.session;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options.documentsReturnedIn === 'string') {
+    queryOptions.documentsReturnedIn = options.documentsReturnedIn;
+  }
+
+  return queryOptions;
+}
+
+function isSharded(topologyOrServer) {
+  if (topologyOrServer.type === 'mongos') return true;
+  if (topologyOrServer.description && topologyOrServer.description.type === ServerType.Mongos) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: This is incredibly inefficient, and should be removed once command construction
+  //       happens based on `Server` not `Topology`.
+  if (topologyOrServer.description && topologyOrServer.description instanceof TopologyDescription) {
+    const servers = Array.from(topologyOrServer.description.servers.values());
+    return servers.some(server => server.type === ServerType.Mongos);
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+function databaseNamespace(ns) {
+  return ns.split('.')[0];
+}
+function collectionNamespace(ns) {
+  return ns
+    .split('.')
+    .slice(1)
+    .join('.');
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  getReadPreference,
+  MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE,
+  COMPRESSION_DETAILS_SIZE,
+  opcodes,
+  parseHeader,
+  applyCommonQueryOptions,
+  isSharded,
+  databaseNamespace,
+  collectionNamespace
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/write_command.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/write_command.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6babc3b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/core/wireprotocol/write_command.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const collectionNamespace = require('./shared').collectionNamespace;
+const command = require('./command');
+const decorateWithExplain = require('../../utils').decorateWithExplain;
+const Explain = require('../../explain').Explain;
+
+function writeCommand(server, type, opsField, ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  if (ops.length === 0) throw new MongoError(`${type} must contain at least one document`);
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const ordered = typeof options.ordered === 'boolean' ? options.ordered : true;
+  const writeConcern = options.writeConcern;
+
+  let writeCommand = {};
+  writeCommand[type] = collectionNamespace(ns);
+  writeCommand[opsField] = ops;
+  writeCommand.ordered = ordered;
+
+  if (writeConcern && Object.keys(writeConcern).length > 0) {
+    writeCommand.writeConcern = writeConcern;
+  }
+
+  if (options.collation) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < writeCommand[opsField].length; i++) {
+      if (!writeCommand[opsField][i].collation) {
+        writeCommand[opsField][i].collation = options.collation;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+    writeCommand.bypassDocumentValidation = options.bypassDocumentValidation;
+  }
+
+  // If a command is to be explained, we need to reformat the command after
+  // the other command properties are specified.
+  const explain = Explain.fromOptions(options);
+  if (explain) {
+    writeCommand = decorateWithExplain(writeCommand, explain);
+  }
+
+  const commandOptions = Object.assign(
+    {
+      checkKeys: type === 'insert',
+      numberToReturn: 1
+    },
+    options
+  );
+
+  command(server, ns, writeCommand, commandOptions, callback);
+}
+
+module.exports = writeCommand;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cursor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cursor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c17f43d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/cursor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Transform = require('stream').Transform;
+const PassThrough = require('stream').PassThrough;
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+const handleCallback = require('./utils').handleCallback;
+const ReadPreference = require('./core').ReadPreference;
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const CoreCursor = require('./core/cursor').CoreCursor;
+const CursorState = require('./core/cursor').CursorState;
+const Map = require('./core').BSON.Map;
+const maybePromise = require('./utils').maybePromise;
+const executeOperation = require('./operations/execute_operation');
+const formattedOrderClause = require('./utils').formattedOrderClause;
+const Explain = require('./explain').Explain;
+const Aspect = require('./operations/operation').Aspect;
+
+const each = require('./operations/cursor_ops').each;
+const CountOperation = require('./operations/count');
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Cursor** class is an internal class that embodies a cursor on MongoDB
+ * allowing for iteration over the results returned from the underlying query. It supports
+ * one by one document iteration, conversion to an array or can be iterated as a Node 4.X
+ * or higher stream
+ *
+ * **CURSORS Cannot directly be instantiated**
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   // Create a collection we want to drop later
+ *   const col = client.db(dbName).collection('createIndexExample1');
+ *   // Insert a bunch of documents
+ *   col.insert([{a:1, b:1}
+ *     , {a:2, b:2}, {a:3, b:3}
+ *     , {a:4, b:4}], {w:1}, function(err, result) {
+ *     test.equal(null, err);
+ *     // Show that duplicate records got dropped
+ *     col.find({}).toArray(function(err, items) {
+ *       test.equal(null, err);
+ *       test.equal(4, items.length);
+ *       client.close();
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * });
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Namespace provided by the code module
+ * @external CoreCursor
+ * @external Readable
+ */
+
+// Flags allowed for cursor
+const flags = ['tailable', 'oplogReplay', 'noCursorTimeout', 'awaitData', 'exhaust', 'partial'];
+const fields = ['numberOfRetries', 'tailableRetryInterval'];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Cursor instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ * @class Cursor
+ * @extends external:CoreCursor
+ * @extends external:Readable
+ * @property {string} sortValue Cursor query sort setting.
+ * @property {boolean} timeout Is Cursor able to time out.
+ * @property {ReadPreference} readPreference Get cursor ReadPreference.
+ * @fires Cursor#data
+ * @fires Cursor#end
+ * @fires Cursor#close
+ * @fires Cursor#readable
+ * @return {Cursor} a Cursor instance.
+ * @example
+ * Cursor cursor options.
+ *
+ * collection.find({}).project({a:1})                             // Create a projection of field a
+ * collection.find({}).skip(1).limit(10)                          // Skip 1 and limit 10
+ * collection.find({}).batchSize(5)                               // Set batchSize on cursor to 5
+ * collection.find({}).filter({a:1})                              // Set query on the cursor
+ * collection.find({}).comment('add a comment')                   // Add a comment to the query, allowing to correlate queries
+ * collection.find({}).addCursorFlag('tailable', true)            // Set cursor as tailable
+ * collection.find({}).addCursorFlag('noCursorTimeout', true)     // Set cursor as noCursorTimeout
+ * collection.find({}).addCursorFlag('awaitData', true)           // Set cursor as awaitData
+ * collection.find({}).addCursorFlag('partial', true)             // Set cursor as partial
+ * collection.find({}).addQueryModifier('$orderby', {a:1})        // Set $orderby {a:1}
+ * collection.find({}).max(10)                                    // Set the cursor max
+ * collection.find({}).maxTimeMS(1000)                            // Set the cursor maxTimeMS
+ * collection.find({}).min(100)                                   // Set the cursor min
+ * collection.find({}).returnKey(true)                            // Set the cursor returnKey
+ * collection.find({}).setReadPreference(ReadPreference.PRIMARY)  // Set the cursor readPreference
+ * collection.find({}).showRecordId(true)                         // Set the cursor showRecordId
+ * collection.find({}).sort([['a', 1]])                           // Sets the sort order of the cursor query
+ * collection.find({}).hint('a_1')                                // Set the cursor hint
+ *
+ * All options are chainable, so one can do the following.
+ *
+ * collection.find({}).maxTimeMS(1000).maxScan(100).skip(1).toArray(..)
+ */
+class Cursor extends CoreCursor {
+  constructor(topology, ns, cmd, options) {
+    super(topology, ns, cmd, options);
+    if (this.operation) {
+      options = this.operation.options;
+    }
+
+    // Tailable cursor options
+    const numberOfRetries = options.numberOfRetries || 5;
+    const tailableRetryInterval = options.tailableRetryInterval || 500;
+    const currentNumberOfRetries = numberOfRetries;
+
+    // Get the promiseLibrary
+    const promiseLibrary = options.promiseLibrary || Promise;
+
+    // Internal cursor state
+    this.s = {
+      // Tailable cursor options
+      numberOfRetries: numberOfRetries,
+      tailableRetryInterval: tailableRetryInterval,
+      currentNumberOfRetries: currentNumberOfRetries,
+      // State
+      state: CursorState.INIT,
+      // Promise library
+      promiseLibrary,
+      // explicitlyIgnoreSession
+      explicitlyIgnoreSession: !!options.explicitlyIgnoreSession
+    };
+
+    // Optional ClientSession
+    if (!options.explicitlyIgnoreSession && options.session) {
+      this.cursorState.session = options.session;
+    }
+
+    // Translate correctly
+    if (this.options.noCursorTimeout === true) {
+      this.addCursorFlag('noCursorTimeout', true);
+    }
+
+    // Get the batchSize
+    let batchSize = 1000;
+    if (this.cmd.cursor && this.cmd.cursor.batchSize) {
+      batchSize = this.cmd.cursor.batchSize;
+    } else if (options.cursor && options.cursor.batchSize) {
+      batchSize = options.cursor.batchSize;
+    } else if (typeof options.batchSize === 'number') {
+      batchSize = options.batchSize;
+    }
+
+    // Set the batchSize
+    this.setCursorBatchSize(batchSize);
+  }
+
+  get readPreference() {
+    if (this.operation) {
+      return this.operation.readPreference;
+    }
+
+    return this.options.readPreference;
+  }
+
+  get sortValue() {
+    return this.cmd.sort;
+  }
+
+  _initializeCursor(callback) {
+    if (this.operation && this.operation.session != null) {
+      this.cursorState.session = this.operation.session;
+    } else {
+      // implicitly create a session if one has not been provided
+      if (
+        !this.s.explicitlyIgnoreSession &&
+        !this.cursorState.session &&
+        this.topology.hasSessionSupport()
+      ) {
+        this.cursorState.session = this.topology.startSession({ owner: this });
+
+        if (this.operation) {
+          this.operation.session = this.cursorState.session;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    super._initializeCursor(callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if there is any document still available in the cursor
+   * @method
+   * @param {Cursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  hasNext(callback) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || (this.isDead && this.isDead())) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+      const cursor = this;
+      if (cursor.isNotified()) {
+        return cb(null, false);
+      }
+
+      cursor._next((err, doc) => {
+        if (err) return cb(err);
+        if (doc == null || cursor.s.state === Cursor.CLOSED || cursor.isDead()) {
+          return cb(null, false);
+        }
+
+        cursor.s.state = CursorState.OPEN;
+
+        // NODE-2482: merge this into the core cursor implementation
+        cursor.cursorState.cursorIndex--;
+        if (cursor.cursorState.limit > 0) {
+          cursor.cursorState.currentLimit--;
+        }
+
+        cb(null, true);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available.
+   * @method
+   * @param {Cursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  next(callback) {
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+      const cursor = this;
+      if (cursor.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || (cursor.isDead && cursor.isDead())) {
+        cb(MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true }));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (cursor.s.state === CursorState.INIT && cursor.cmd.sort) {
+        try {
+          cursor.cmd.sort = formattedOrderClause(cursor.cmd.sort);
+        } catch (err) {
+          return cb(err);
+        }
+      }
+
+      cursor._next((err, doc) => {
+        if (err) return cb(err);
+        cursor.s.state = CursorState.OPEN;
+        cb(null, doc);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor query
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} filter The filter object used for the cursor.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  filter(filter) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.query = filter;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor maxScan
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} maxScan Constrains the query to only scan the specified number of documents when fulfilling the query
+   * @deprecated as of MongoDB 4.0
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  maxScan(maxScan) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.maxScan = maxScan;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor hint
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} hint If specified, then the query system will only consider plans using the hinted index.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  hint(hint) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.hint = hint;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor min
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} min Specify a $min value to specify the inclusive lower bound for a specific index in order to constrain the results of find(). The $min specifies the lower bound for all keys of a specific index in order.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  min(min) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.min = min;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor max
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} max Specify a $max value to specify the exclusive upper bound for a specific index in order to constrain the results of find(). The $max specifies the upper bound for all keys of a specific index in order.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  max(max) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.max = max;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor returnKey. If set to true, modifies the cursor to only return the index field or fields for the results of the query, rather than documents. If set to true and the query does not use an index to perform the read operation, the returned documents will not contain any fields.
+   * @method
+   * @param {bool} returnKey the returnKey value.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  returnKey(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.returnKey = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor showRecordId
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} showRecordId The $showDiskLoc option has now been deprecated and replaced with the showRecordId field. $showDiskLoc will still be accepted for OP_QUERY stye find.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  showRecordId(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.showDiskLoc = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the cursor snapshot
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} snapshot The $snapshot operator prevents the cursor from returning a document more than once because an intervening write operation results in a move of the document.
+   * @deprecated as of MongoDB 4.0
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  snapshot(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.snapshot = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a node.js specific cursor option
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} field The cursor option to set ['numberOfRetries', 'tailableRetryInterval'].
+   * @param {object} value The field value.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  setCursorOption(field, value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (fields.indexOf(field) === -1) {
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: `option ${field} is not a supported option ${fields}`,
+        driver: true
+      });
+    }
+
+    this.s[field] = value;
+    if (field === 'numberOfRetries') this.s.currentNumberOfRetries = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a cursor flag to the cursor
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} flag The flag to set, must be one of following ['tailable', 'oplogReplay', 'noCursorTimeout', 'awaitData', 'partial'].
+   * @param {boolean} value The flag boolean value.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  addCursorFlag(flag, value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (flags.indexOf(flag) === -1) {
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: `flag ${flag} is not a supported flag ${flags}`,
+        driver: true
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'boolean') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: `flag ${flag} must be a boolean value`, driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd[flag] = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a query modifier to the cursor query
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} name The query modifier (must start with $, such as $orderby etc)
+   * @param {string|boolean|number} value The modifier value.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  addQueryModifier(name, value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (name[0] !== '$') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: `${name} is not a valid query modifier`, driver: true });
+    }
+
+    // Strip of the $
+    const field = name.substr(1);
+    // Set on the command
+    this.cmd[field] = value;
+    // Deal with the special case for sort
+    if (field === 'orderby') this.cmd.sort = this.cmd[field];
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a comment to the cursor query allowing for tracking the comment in the log.
+   * @method
+   * @param {string} value The comment attached to this query.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  comment(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.comment = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a maxAwaitTimeMS on a tailing cursor query to allow to customize the timeout value for the option awaitData (Only supported on MongoDB 3.2 or higher, ignored otherwise)
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the tailed query.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  maxAwaitTimeMS(value) {
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'maxAwaitTimeMS must be a number', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.maxAwaitTimeMS = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a maxTimeMS on the cursor query, allowing for hard timeout limits on queries (Only supported on MongoDB 2.6 or higher)
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  maxTimeMS(value) {
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'maxTimeMS must be a number', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.maxTimeMS = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a field projection for the query.
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} value The field projection object.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  project(value) {
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.fields = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the sort order of the cursor query.
+   * @method
+   * @param {(string|array|object)} keyOrList The key or keys set for the sort.
+   * @param {number} [direction] The direction of the sorting (1 or -1).
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  sort(keyOrList, direction) {
+    if (this.options.tailable) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: "Tailable cursor doesn't support sorting", driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    let order = keyOrList;
+
+    // We have an array of arrays, we need to preserve the order of the sort
+    // so we will us a Map
+    if (Array.isArray(order) && Array.isArray(order[0])) {
+      order = new Map(
+        order.map(x => {
+          const value = [x[0], null];
+          if (x[1] === 'asc') {
+            value[1] = 1;
+          } else if (x[1] === 'desc') {
+            value[1] = -1;
+          } else if (x[1] === 1 || x[1] === -1 || x[1].$meta) {
+            value[1] = x[1];
+          } else {
+            throw new MongoError(
+              "Illegal sort clause, must be of the form [['field1', '(ascending|descending)'], ['field2', '(ascending|descending)']]"
+            );
+          }
+
+          return value;
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (direction != null) {
+      order = [[keyOrList, direction]];
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.sort = order;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the batch size for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/find/|find command documentation}.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  batchSize(value) {
+    if (this.options.tailable) {
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: "Tailable cursor doesn't support batchSize",
+        driver: true
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'batchSize requires an integer', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.batchSize = value;
+    this.setCursorBatchSize(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the collation options for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} value The cursor collation options (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  collation(value) {
+    this.cmd.collation = value;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the limit for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The limit for the cursor query.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  limit(value) {
+    if (this.options.tailable) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: "Tailable cursor doesn't support limit", driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'limit requires an integer', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.limit = value;
+    this.setCursorLimit(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the skip for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {number} value The skip for the cursor query.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  skip(value) {
+    if (this.options.tailable) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: "Tailable cursor doesn't support skip", driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (this.s.state === CursorState.OPEN || this.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || this.isDead()) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'skip requires an integer', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cmd.skip = value;
+    this.setCursorSkip(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback format for results
+   * @callback Cursor~resultCallback
+   * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+   * @param {(object|null|boolean)} result The result object if the command was executed successfully.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Clone the cursor
+   * @function external:CoreCursor#clone
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the cursor
+   * @function external:CoreCursor#rewind
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor. As with **{cursor.toArray}**,
+   * not all of the elements will be iterated if this cursor had been previously accessed.
+   * In that case, **{cursor.rewind}** can be used to reset the cursor. However, unlike
+   * **{cursor.toArray}**, the cursor will only hold a maximum of batch size elements
+   * at any given time if batch size is specified. Otherwise, the caller is responsible
+   * for making sure that the entire result can fit the memory.
+   * @method
+   * @deprecated
+   * @param {Cursor~resultCallback} callback The result callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {null}
+   */
+  each(callback) {
+    // Rewind cursor state
+    this.rewind();
+    // Set current cursor to INIT
+    this.s.state = CursorState.INIT;
+    // Run the query
+    each(this, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback format for the forEach iterator method
+   * @callback Cursor~iteratorCallback
+   * @param {Object} doc An emitted document for the iterator
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * The callback error format for the forEach iterator method
+   * @callback Cursor~endCallback
+   * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor using the iterator, callback pattern.
+   * @method
+   * @param {Cursor~iteratorCallback} iterator The iteration callback.
+   * @param {Cursor~endCallback} callback The end callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Promise} if no callback supplied
+   */
+  forEach(iterator, callback) {
+    // Rewind cursor state
+    this.rewind();
+
+    // Set current cursor to INIT
+    this.s.state = CursorState.INIT;
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      each(this, (err, doc) => {
+        if (err) {
+          callback(err);
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (doc != null) {
+          iterator(doc);
+          return true;
+        }
+        if (doc == null && callback) {
+          const internalCallback = callback;
+          callback = null;
+          internalCallback(null);
+          return false;
+        }
+      });
+    } else {
+      return new this.s.promiseLibrary((fulfill, reject) => {
+        each(this, (err, doc) => {
+          if (err) {
+            reject(err);
+            return false;
+          } else if (doc == null) {
+            fulfill(null);
+            return false;
+          } else {
+            iterator(doc);
+            return true;
+          }
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the ReadPreference for the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {(string|ReadPreference)} readPreference The new read preference for the cursor.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  setReadPreference(readPreference) {
+    if (this.s.state !== CursorState.INIT) {
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: 'cannot change cursor readPreference after cursor has been accessed',
+        driver: true
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (readPreference instanceof ReadPreference) {
+      this.options.readPreference = readPreference;
+    } else if (typeof readPreference === 'string') {
+      this.options.readPreference = new ReadPreference(readPreference);
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid read preference: ' + readPreference);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback format for results
+   * @callback Cursor~toArrayResultCallback
+   * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+   * @param {object[]} documents All the documents the satisfy the cursor.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of documents. The caller is responsible for making sure that there
+   * is enough memory to store the results. Note that the array only contains partial
+   * results when this cursor had been previously accessed. In that case,
+   * cursor.rewind() can be used to reset the cursor.
+   * @method
+   * @param {Cursor~toArrayResultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @throws {MongoError}
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  toArray(callback) {
+    if (this.options.tailable) {
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: 'Tailable cursor cannot be converted to array',
+        driver: true
+      });
+    }
+
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+      const cursor = this;
+      const items = [];
+
+      // Reset cursor
+      cursor.rewind();
+      cursor.s.state = CursorState.INIT;
+
+      // Fetch all the documents
+      const fetchDocs = () => {
+        cursor._next((err, doc) => {
+          if (err) {
+            return handleCallback(cb, err);
+          }
+
+          if (doc == null) {
+            return cursor.close({ skipKillCursors: true }, () => handleCallback(cb, null, items));
+          }
+
+          // Add doc to items
+          items.push(doc);
+
+          // Get all buffered objects
+          if (cursor.bufferedCount() > 0) {
+            let docs = cursor.readBufferedDocuments(cursor.bufferedCount());
+            Array.prototype.push.apply(items, docs);
+          }
+
+          // Attempt a fetch
+          fetchDocs();
+        });
+      };
+
+      fetchDocs();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback format for results
+   * @callback Cursor~countResultCallback
+   * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+   * @param {number} count The count of documents.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Get the count of documents for this cursor
+   * @method
+   * @param {boolean} [applySkipLimit=true] Should the count command apply limit and skip settings on the cursor or in the passed in options.
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+   * @param {number} [options.skip] The number of documents to skip.
+   * @param {number} [options.limit] The maximum amounts to count before aborting.
+   * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Number of milliseconds to wait before aborting the query.
+   * @param {string} [options.hint] An index name hint for the query.
+   * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+   * @param {Cursor~countResultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  count(applySkipLimit, opts, callback) {
+    if (this.cmd.query == null)
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: 'count can only be used with find command',
+        driver: true
+      });
+    if (typeof opts === 'function') (callback = opts), (opts = {});
+    opts = opts || {};
+
+    if (typeof applySkipLimit === 'function') {
+      callback = applySkipLimit;
+      applySkipLimit = true;
+    }
+
+    if (this.cursorState.session) {
+      opts = Object.assign({}, opts, { session: this.cursorState.session });
+    }
+
+    const countOperation = new CountOperation(this, applySkipLimit, opts);
+
+    return executeOperation(this.topology, countOperation, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the cursor, sending a KillCursor command and emitting close.
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.skipKillCursors] Bypass calling killCursors when closing the cursor.
+   * @param {Cursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  close(options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = Object.assign({}, { skipKillCursors: false }, options);
+
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+      this.s.state = CursorState.CLOSED;
+      if (!options.skipKillCursors) {
+        // Kill the cursor
+        this.kill();
+      }
+
+      this._endSession(() => {
+        this.emit('close');
+        cb(null, this);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Map all documents using the provided function
+   * @method
+   * @param {function} [transform] The mapping transformation method.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   */
+  map(transform) {
+    if (this.cursorState.transforms && this.cursorState.transforms.doc) {
+      const oldTransform = this.cursorState.transforms.doc;
+      this.cursorState.transforms.doc = doc => {
+        return transform(oldTransform(doc));
+      };
+    } else {
+      this.cursorState.transforms = { doc: transform };
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Is the cursor closed
+   * @method
+   * @return {boolean}
+   */
+  isClosed() {
+    return this.isDead();
+  }
+
+  destroy(err) {
+    if (err) this.emit('error', err);
+    this.pause();
+    this.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a modified Readable stream including a possible transform method.
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+   * @param {function} [options.transform] A transformation method applied to each document emitted by the stream.
+   * @return {Cursor}
+   * TODO: replace this method with transformStream in next major release
+   */
+  stream(options) {
+    this.cursorState.streamOptions = options || {};
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a modified Readable stream that applies a given transform function, if supplied. If none supplied,
+   * returns a stream of unmodified docs.
+   * @method
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+   * @param {function} [options.transform] A transformation method applied to each document emitted by the stream.
+   * @return {stream}
+   */
+  transformStream(options) {
+    const streamOptions = options || {};
+    if (typeof streamOptions.transform === 'function') {
+      const stream = new Transform({
+        objectMode: true,
+        transform: function(chunk, encoding, callback) {
+          this.push(streamOptions.transform(chunk));
+          callback();
+        }
+      });
+
+      return this.pipe(stream);
+    }
+
+    return this.pipe(new PassThrough({ objectMode: true }));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the explain for the cursor
+   *
+   * For backwards compatibility, a verbosity of true is interpreted as "allPlansExecution"
+   * and false as "queryPlanner". Prior to server version 3.6, aggregate()
+   * ignores the verbosity parameter and executes in "queryPlanner".
+   *
+   * @method
+   * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [verbosity=true] - An optional mode in which to run the explain.
+   * @param {Cursor~resultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+   * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+   */
+  explain(verbosity, callback) {
+    if (typeof verbosity === 'function') (callback = verbosity), (verbosity = true);
+    if (verbosity === undefined) verbosity = true;
+
+    if (!this.operation || !this.operation.hasAspect(Aspect.EXPLAINABLE)) {
+      throw new MongoError('This command cannot be explained');
+    }
+    this.operation.explain = new Explain(verbosity);
+
+    return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+      CoreCursor.prototype._next.apply(this, [cb]);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the cursor logger
+   * @method
+   * @return {Logger} return the cursor logger
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  getLogger() {
+    return this.logger;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Cursor stream data event, fired for each document in the cursor.
+ *
+ * @event Cursor#data
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Cursor stream end event
+ *
+ * @event Cursor#end
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Cursor stream close event
+ *
+ * @event Cursor#close
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Cursor stream readable event
+ *
+ * @event Cursor#readable
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+// aliases
+Cursor.prototype.maxTimeMs = Cursor.prototype.maxTimeMS;
+
+// deprecated methods
+deprecate(Cursor.prototype.each, 'Cursor.each is deprecated. Use Cursor.forEach instead.');
+deprecate(
+  Cursor.prototype.maxScan,
+  'Cursor.maxScan is deprecated, and will be removed in a later version'
+);
+
+deprecate(
+  Cursor.prototype.snapshot,
+  'Cursor Snapshot is deprecated, and will be removed in a later version'
+);
+
+/**
+ * The read() method pulls some data out of the internal buffer and returns it. If there is no data available, then it will return null.
+ * @function external:Readable#read
+ * @param {number} size Optional argument to specify how much data to read.
+ * @return {(String | Buffer | null)}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Call this function to cause the stream to return strings of the specified encoding instead of Buffer objects.
+ * @function external:Readable#setEncoding
+ * @param {string} encoding The encoding to use.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method will cause the readable stream to resume emitting data events.
+ * @function external:Readable#resume
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method will cause a stream in flowing-mode to stop emitting data events. Any data that becomes available will remain in the internal buffer.
+ * @function external:Readable#pause
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method pulls all the data out of a readable stream, and writes it to the supplied destination, automatically managing the flow so that the destination is not overwhelmed by a fast readable stream.
+ * @function external:Readable#pipe
+ * @param {Writable} destination The destination for writing data
+ * @param {object} [options] Pipe options
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method will remove the hooks set up for a previous pipe() call.
+ * @function external:Readable#unpipe
+ * @param {Writable} [destination] The destination for writing data
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This is useful in certain cases where a stream is being consumed by a parser, which needs to "un-consume" some data that it has optimistically pulled out of the source, so that the stream can be passed on to some other party.
+ * @function external:Readable#unshift
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} chunk Chunk of data to unshift onto the read queue.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Versions of Node prior to v0.10 had streams that did not implement the entire Streams API as it is today. (See "Compatibility" below for more information.)
+ * @function external:Readable#wrap
+ * @param {Stream} stream An "old style" readable stream.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Cursor;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/db.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/db.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54e16bf76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/db.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1054 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const inherits = require('util').inherits;
+const getSingleProperty = require('./utils').getSingleProperty;
+const CommandCursor = require('./command_cursor');
+const handleCallback = require('./utils').handleCallback;
+const filterOptions = require('./utils').filterOptions;
+const toError = require('./utils').toError;
+const ReadPreference = require('./core').ReadPreference;
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const ObjectID = require('./core').ObjectID;
+const Logger = require('./core').Logger;
+const Collection = require('./collection');
+const conditionallyMergeWriteConcern = require('./utils').conditionallyMergeWriteConcern;
+const executeLegacyOperation = require('./utils').executeLegacyOperation;
+const ChangeStream = require('./change_stream');
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+const deprecateOptions = require('./utils').deprecateOptions;
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('./utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+const CONSTANTS = require('./constants');
+const WriteConcern = require('./write_concern');
+const ReadConcern = require('./read_concern');
+const AggregationCursor = require('./aggregation_cursor');
+
+// Operations
+const createListener = require('./operations/db_ops').createListener;
+const ensureIndex = require('./operations/db_ops').ensureIndex;
+const evaluate = require('./operations/db_ops').evaluate;
+const profilingInfo = require('./operations/db_ops').profilingInfo;
+const validateDatabaseName = require('./operations/db_ops').validateDatabaseName;
+
+const AggregateOperation = require('./operations/aggregate');
+const AddUserOperation = require('./operations/add_user');
+const CollectionsOperation = require('./operations/collections');
+const CommandOperation = require('./operations/command');
+const RunCommandOperation = require('./operations/run_command');
+const CreateCollectionOperation = require('./operations/create_collection');
+const CreateIndexesOperation = require('./operations/create_indexes');
+const DropCollectionOperation = require('./operations/drop').DropCollectionOperation;
+const DropDatabaseOperation = require('./operations/drop').DropDatabaseOperation;
+const ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation = require('./operations/execute_db_admin_command');
+const IndexInformationOperation = require('./operations/index_information');
+const ListCollectionsOperation = require('./operations/list_collections');
+const ProfilingLevelOperation = require('./operations/profiling_level');
+const RemoveUserOperation = require('./operations/remove_user');
+const RenameOperation = require('./operations/rename');
+const SetProfilingLevelOperation = require('./operations/set_profiling_level');
+
+const executeOperation = require('./operations/execute_operation');
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Db** class is a class that represents a MongoDB Database.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   // Select the database by name
+ *   const testDb = client.db(dbName);
+ *   client.close();
+ * });
+ */
+
+// Allowed parameters
+const legalOptionNames = [
+  'w',
+  'wtimeout',
+  'fsync',
+  'j',
+  'writeConcern',
+  'readPreference',
+  'readPreferenceTags',
+  'native_parser',
+  'forceServerObjectId',
+  'pkFactory',
+  'serializeFunctions',
+  'raw',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'authSource',
+  'ignoreUndefined',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'readConcern',
+  'retryMiliSeconds',
+  'numberOfRetries',
+  'parentDb',
+  'noListener',
+  'loggerLevel',
+  'logger',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'compression',
+  'retryWrites'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Db instance
+ * @class
+ * @param {string} databaseName The name of the database this instance represents.
+ * @param {(Server|ReplSet|Mongos)} topology The server topology for the database.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {string} [options.authSource] If the database authentication is dependent on another databaseName.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.forceServerObjectId=false] Force server to assign _id values instead of driver.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ignoreUndefined=false] Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Promotes Long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {number} [options.bufferMaxEntries=-1] Sets a cap on how many operations the driver will buffer up before giving up on getting a working connection, default is -1 which is unlimited.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {object} [options.pkFactory] A primary key factory object for generation of custom _id keys.
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {object} [options.readConcern] Specify a read concern for the collection. (only MongoDB 3.2 or higher supported)
+ * @param {ReadConcernLevel} [options.readConcern.level='local'] Specify a read concern level for the collection operations (only MongoDB 3.2 or higher supported)
+ * @property {(Server|ReplSet|Mongos)} serverConfig Get the current db topology.
+ * @property {number} bufferMaxEntries Current bufferMaxEntries value for the database
+ * @property {string} databaseName The name of the database this instance represents.
+ * @property {object} options The options associated with the db instance.
+ * @property {boolean} native_parser The current value of the parameter native_parser.
+ * @property {boolean} slaveOk The current slaveOk value for the db instance.
+ * @property {object} writeConcern The current write concern values.
+ * @property {object} topology Access the topology object (single server, replicaset or mongos).
+ * @fires Db#close
+ * @fires Db#reconnect
+ * @fires Db#error
+ * @fires Db#timeout
+ * @fires Db#parseError
+ * @fires Db#fullsetup
+ * @return {Db} a Db instance.
+ */
+function Db(databaseName, topology, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  if (!(this instanceof Db)) return new Db(databaseName, topology, options);
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  // Get the promiseLibrary
+  const promiseLibrary = options.promiseLibrary || Promise;
+
+  // Filter the options
+  options = filterOptions(options, legalOptionNames);
+
+  // Ensure we put the promiseLib in the options
+  options.promiseLibrary = promiseLibrary;
+
+  // Internal state of the db object
+  this.s = {
+    // DbCache
+    dbCache: {},
+    // Children db's
+    children: [],
+    // Topology
+    topology: topology,
+    // Options
+    options: options,
+    // Logger instance
+    logger: Logger('Db', options),
+    // Get the bson parser
+    bson: topology ? topology.bson : null,
+    // Unpack read preference
+    readPreference: ReadPreference.fromOptions(options),
+    // Set buffermaxEntries
+    bufferMaxEntries: typeof options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? options.bufferMaxEntries : -1,
+    // Parent db (if chained)
+    parentDb: options.parentDb || null,
+    // Set up the primary key factory or fallback to ObjectID
+    pkFactory: options.pkFactory || ObjectID,
+    // Get native parser
+    nativeParser: options.nativeParser || options.native_parser,
+    // Promise library
+    promiseLibrary: promiseLibrary,
+    // No listener
+    noListener: typeof options.noListener === 'boolean' ? options.noListener : false,
+    // ReadConcern
+    readConcern: ReadConcern.fromOptions(options),
+    writeConcern: WriteConcern.fromOptions(options),
+    // Namespace
+    namespace: new MongoDBNamespace(databaseName)
+  };
+
+  // Ensure we have a valid db name
+  validateDatabaseName(databaseName);
+
+  // Add a read Only property
+  getSingleProperty(this, 'serverConfig', this.s.topology);
+  getSingleProperty(this, 'bufferMaxEntries', this.s.bufferMaxEntries);
+  getSingleProperty(this, 'databaseName', this.s.namespace.db);
+
+  // This is a child db, do not register any listeners
+  if (options.parentDb) return;
+  if (this.s.noListener) return;
+
+  // Add listeners
+  topology.on('error', createListener(this, 'error', this));
+  topology.on('timeout', createListener(this, 'timeout', this));
+  topology.on('close', createListener(this, 'close', this));
+  topology.on('parseError', createListener(this, 'parseError', this));
+  topology.once('open', createListener(this, 'open', this));
+  topology.once('fullsetup', createListener(this, 'fullsetup', this));
+  topology.once('all', createListener(this, 'all', this));
+  topology.on('reconnect', createListener(this, 'reconnect', this));
+}
+
+inherits(Db, EventEmitter);
+
+Db.prototype.on = deprecate(function() {
+  return Db.super_.prototype.on.apply(this, arguments);
+}, 'Listening to events on the Db class has been deprecated and will be removed in the next major version.');
+
+Db.prototype.once = deprecate(function() {
+  return Db.super_.prototype.once.apply(this, arguments);
+}, 'Listening to events on the Db class has been deprecated and will be removed in the next major version.');
+
+// Topology
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'topology', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.topology;
+  }
+});
+
+// Options
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'options', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.options;
+  }
+});
+
+// slaveOk specified
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'slaveOk', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (
+      this.s.options.readPreference != null &&
+      (this.s.options.readPreference !== 'primary' ||
+        this.s.options.readPreference.mode !== 'primary')
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'readConcern', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.readConcern;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'readPreference', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    if (this.s.readPreference == null) {
+      // TODO: check client
+      return ReadPreference.primary;
+    }
+
+    return this.s.readPreference;
+  }
+});
+
+// get the write Concern
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'writeConcern', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.writeConcern;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Db.prototype, 'namespace', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.namespace.toString();
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} command The command hash
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.command = function(command, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  const commandOperation = new RunCommandOperation(this, command, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, commandOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute an aggregation framework pipeline against the database, needs MongoDB >= 3.6
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [pipeline=[]] Array containing all the aggregation framework commands for the execution.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {object} [options.cursor] Return the query as cursor, on 2.6 > it returns as a real cursor on pre 2.6 it returns as an emulated cursor.
+ * @param {number} [options.cursor.batchSize=1000] Deprecated. Use `options.batchSize`
+ * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.allowDiskUse=false] allowDiskUse lets the server know if it can use disk to store temporary results for the aggregation (requires mongodb 2.6 >).
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] maxTimeMS specifies a cumulative time limit in milliseconds for processing operations on the cursor. MongoDB interrupts the operation at the earliest following interrupt point.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a tailable cursor query.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] Allow driver to bypass schema validation in MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteLongs=true] Promotes Long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteValues=true] Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.promoteBuffers=false] Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {string} [options.comment] Add a comment to an aggregation command
+ * @param {string|object} [options.hint] Add an index selection hint to an aggregation command
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Database~aggregationCallback} callback The command result callback
+ * @return {(null|AggregationCursor)}
+ */
+Db.prototype.aggregate = function(pipeline, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  // If we have no options or callback we are doing
+  // a cursor based aggregation
+  if (options == null && callback == null) {
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  const cursor = new AggregationCursor(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new AggregateOperation(this, pipeline, options),
+    options
+  );
+
+  // TODO: remove this when NODE-2074 is resolved
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    callback(null, cursor);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  return cursor;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the Admin db instance
+ * @method
+ * @return {Admin} return the new Admin db instance
+ */
+Db.prototype.admin = function() {
+  const Admin = require('./admin');
+
+  return new Admin(this, this.s.topology, this.s.promiseLibrary);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for the collection method, must be used if strict is specified
+ * @callback Db~collectionResultCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection} collection The collection instance.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for an aggregation call
+ * @callback Database~aggregationCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {AggregationCursor} cursor The cursor if the aggregation command was executed successfully.
+ */
+
+const COLLECTION_OPTION_KEYS = [
+  'pkFactory',
+  'readPreference',
+  'serializeFunctions',
+  'strict',
+  'readConcern',
+  'ignoreUndefined',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'promoteLongs'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Fetch a specific collection (containing the actual collection information). If the application does not use strict mode you
+ * can use it without a callback in the following way: `const collection = db.collection('mycollection');`
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} name the collection name we wish to access.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {object} [options.pkFactory] A primary key factory object for generation of custom _id keys.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.strict=false] Returns an error if the collection does not exist
+ * @param {object} [options.readConcern] Specify a read concern for the collection. (only MongoDB 3.2 or higher supported)
+ * @param {ReadConcernLevel} [options.readConcern.level='local'] Specify a read concern level for the collection operations (only MongoDB 3.2 or higher supported)
+ * @param {Db~collectionResultCallback} [callback] The collection result callback
+ * @return {Collection} return the new Collection instance if not in strict mode
+ */
+Db.prototype.collection = function(name, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // Set the promise library
+  options.promiseLibrary = this.s.promiseLibrary;
+
+  // If we have not set a collection level readConcern set the db level one
+  options.readConcern = options.readConcern
+    ? new ReadConcern(options.readConcern.level)
+    : this.readConcern;
+
+  // Do we have ignoreUndefined set
+  if (this.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+    options.ignoreUndefined = this.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+  }
+
+  for (const collectionOptionKey of COLLECTION_OPTION_KEYS) {
+    if (!(collectionOptionKey in options) && this.s.options[collectionOptionKey] !== undefined) {
+      options[collectionOptionKey] = this.s.options[collectionOptionKey];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Merge in all needed options and ensure correct writeConcern merging from db level
+  options = conditionallyMergeWriteConcern(options, this.s.options);
+
+  // Execute
+  if (options == null || !options.strict) {
+    try {
+      const collection = new Collection(
+        this,
+        this.s.topology,
+        this.databaseName,
+        name,
+        this.s.pkFactory,
+        options
+      );
+      if (callback) callback(null, collection);
+      return collection;
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof MongoError && callback) return callback(err);
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Strict mode
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw toError(`A callback is required in strict mode. While getting collection ${name}`);
+  }
+
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (this.serverConfig && this.serverConfig.isDestroyed()) {
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+  }
+
+  const listCollectionOptions = Object.assign({}, options, { nameOnly: true });
+
+  // Strict mode
+  this.listCollections({ name: name }, listCollectionOptions).toArray((err, collections) => {
+    if (err != null) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    if (collections.length === 0)
+      return handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        toError(`Collection ${name} does not exist. Currently in strict mode.`),
+        null
+      );
+
+    try {
+      return handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        null,
+        new Collection(this, this.s.topology, this.databaseName, name, this.s.pkFactory, options)
+      );
+    } catch (err) {
+      return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new collection on a server with the specified options. Use this to create capped collections.
+ * More information about command options available at https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/create/
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} name the collection name we wish to access.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw=false] Return document results as raw BSON buffers.
+ * @param {object} [options.pkFactory] A primary key factory object for generation of custom _id keys.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.serializeFunctions=false] Serialize functions on any object.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.strict=false] DEPRECATED: Returns an error if the collection does not exist
+ * @param {boolean} [options.capped=false] Create a capped collection.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.autoIndexId=true] DEPRECATED: Create an index on the _id field of the document, True by default on MongoDB 2.6 - 3.0
+ * @param {number} [options.size] The size of the capped collection in bytes.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] The maximum number of documents in the capped collection.
+ * @param {number} [options.flags] Optional. Available for the MMAPv1 storage engine only to set the usePowerOf2Sizes and the noPadding flag.
+ * @param {object} [options.storageEngine] Allows users to specify configuration to the storage engine on a per-collection basis when creating a collection on MongoDB 3.0 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.validator] Allows users to specify validation rules or expressions for the collection. For more information, see Document Validation on MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {string} [options.validationLevel] Determines how strictly MongoDB applies the validation rules to existing documents during an update on MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {string} [options.validationAction] Determines whether to error on invalid documents or just warn about the violations but allow invalid documents to be inserted on MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.indexOptionDefaults] Allows users to specify a default configuration for indexes when creating a collection on MongoDB 3.2 or higher.
+ * @param {string} [options.viewOn] The name of the source collection or view from which to create the view. The name is not the full namespace of the collection or view; i.e. does not include the database name and implies the same database as the view to create on MongoDB 3.4 or higher.
+ * @param {array} [options.pipeline] An array that consists of the aggregation pipeline stage. Creates the view by applying the specified pipeline to the viewOn collection or view on MongoDB 3.4 or higher.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation (MongoDB 3.4 or higher) settings for update operation (see 3.4 documentation for available fields).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~collectionResultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.createCollection = deprecateOptions(
+  {
+    name: 'Db.createCollection',
+    deprecatedOptions: ['autoIndexId', 'strict', 'w', 'wtimeout', 'j'],
+    optionsIndex: 1
+  },
+  function(name, options, callback) {
+    if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+    options = options || {};
+    options.promiseLibrary = options.promiseLibrary || this.s.promiseLibrary;
+    options.readConcern = options.readConcern
+      ? new ReadConcern(options.readConcern.level)
+      : this.readConcern;
+    const createCollectionOperation = new CreateCollectionOperation(this, name, options);
+
+    return executeOperation(this.s.topology, createCollectionOperation, callback);
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * Get all the db statistics.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.scale] Divide the returned sizes by scale value.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The collection result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.stats = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+  // Build command object
+  const commandObject = { dbStats: true };
+  // Check if we have the scale value
+  if (options['scale'] != null) commandObject['scale'] = options['scale'];
+
+  // If we have a readPreference set
+  if (options.readPreference == null && this.s.readPreference) {
+    options.readPreference = this.s.readPreference;
+  }
+
+  const statsOperation = new CommandOperation(this, options, null, commandObject);
+
+  // Execute the command
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, statsOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the list of all collection information for the specified db.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [filter={}] Query to filter collections by
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.nameOnly=false] Since 4.0: If true, will only return the collection name in the response, and will omit additional info
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The batchSize for the returned command cursor or if pre 2.8 the systems batch collection
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @return {CommandCursor}
+ */
+Db.prototype.listCollections = function(filter, options) {
+  filter = filter || {};
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return new CommandCursor(
+    this.s.topology,
+    new ListCollectionsOperation(this, filter, options),
+    options
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Evaluate JavaScript on the server
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Code} code JavaScript to execute on server.
+ * @param {(object|array)} parameters The parameters for the call.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.nolock=false] Tell MongoDB not to block on the evaluation of the javascript.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @deprecated Eval is deprecated on MongoDB 3.2 and forward
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.eval = deprecate(function(code, parameters, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  parameters = args.length ? args.shift() : parameters;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() || {} : {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, evaluate, [
+    this,
+    code,
+    parameters,
+    options,
+    callback
+  ]);
+}, 'Db.eval is deprecated as of MongoDB version 3.2');
+
+/**
+ * Rename a collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} fromCollection Name of current collection to rename.
+ * @param {string} toCollection New name of of the collection.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.dropTarget=false] Drop the target name collection if it previously exists.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~collectionResultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.renameCollection = function(fromCollection, toCollection, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options, { readPreference: ReadPreference.PRIMARY });
+
+  // Add return new collection
+  options.new_collection = true;
+
+  const renameOperation = new RenameOperation(
+    this.collection(fromCollection),
+    toCollection,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, renameOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drop a collection from the database, removing it permanently. New accesses will create a new collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} name Name of collection to drop
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.dropCollection = function(name, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const dropCollectionOperation = new DropCollectionOperation(this, name, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, dropCollectionOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Drop a database, removing it permanently from the server.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.dropDatabase = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const dropDatabaseOperation = new DropDatabaseOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, dropDatabaseOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Fetch all collections for the current db.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~collectionsResultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.collections = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const collectionsOperation = new CollectionsOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, collectionsOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Runs a command on the database as admin.
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} command The command hash
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.executeDbAdminCommand = function(selector, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+  options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(this, options);
+
+  const executeDbAdminCommandOperation = new ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation(
+    this,
+    selector,
+    options
+  );
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, executeDbAdminCommandOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates an index on the db and collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} name Name of the collection to create the index on.
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.unique=false] Creates an unique index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sparse=false] Creates a sparse index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.background=false] Creates the index in the background, yielding whenever possible.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.dropDups=false] A unique index cannot be created on a key that has pre-existing duplicate values. If you would like to create the index anyway, keeping the first document the database indexes and deleting all subsequent documents that have duplicate value
+ * @param {number} [options.min] For geospatial indexes set the lower bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] For geospatial indexes set the high bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.v] Specify the format version of the indexes.
+ * @param {number} [options.expireAfterSeconds] Allows you to expire data on indexes applied to a data (MongoDB 2.2 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.name] Override the autogenerated index name (useful if the resulting name is larger than 128 bytes)
+ * @param {object} [options.partialFilterExpression] Creates a partial index based on the given filter object (MongoDB 3.2 or higher)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.commitQuorum] (MongoDB 4.4. or higher) Specifies how many data-bearing members of a replica set, including the primary, must complete the index builds successfully before the primary marks the indexes as ready. This option accepts the same values for the "w" field in a write concern plus "votingMembers", which indicates all voting data-bearing nodes.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.createIndex = function(name, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options ? Object.assign({}, options) : {};
+
+  const createIndexesOperation = new CreateIndexesOperation(this, name, fieldOrSpec, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, createIndexesOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ensures that an index exists, if it does not it creates it
+ * @method
+ * @deprecated since version 2.0
+ * @param {string} name The index name
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.unique=false] Creates an unique index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sparse=false] Creates a sparse index.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.background=false] Creates the index in the background, yielding whenever possible.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.dropDups=false] A unique index cannot be created on a key that has pre-existing duplicate values. If you would like to create the index anyway, keeping the first document the database indexes and deleting all subsequent documents that have duplicate value
+ * @param {number} [options.min] For geospatial indexes set the lower bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.max] For geospatial indexes set the high bound for the co-ordinates.
+ * @param {number} [options.v] Specify the format version of the indexes.
+ * @param {number} [options.expireAfterSeconds] Allows you to expire data on indexes applied to a data (MongoDB 2.2 or higher)
+ * @param {number} [options.name] Override the autogenerated index name (useful if the resulting name is larger than 128 bytes)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.ensureIndex = deprecate(function(name, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, ensureIndex, [
+    this,
+    name,
+    fieldOrSpec,
+    options,
+    callback
+  ]);
+}, 'Db.ensureIndex is deprecated as of MongoDB version 3.0 / driver version 2.0');
+
+Db.prototype.addChild = function(db) {
+  if (this.s.parentDb) return this.s.parentDb.addChild(db);
+  this.s.children.push(db);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add a user to the database.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} username The username.
+ * @param {string} password The password.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.customData] Custom data associated with the user (only Mongodb 2.6 or higher)
+ * @param {object[]} [options.roles] Roles associated with the created user (only Mongodb 2.6 or higher)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.addUser = function(username, password, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Special case where there is no password ($external users)
+  if (typeof username === 'string' && password != null && typeof password === 'object') {
+    options = password;
+    password = null;
+  }
+
+  const addUserOperation = new AddUserOperation(this, username, password, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, addUserOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove a user from a database
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} username The username.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.removeUser = function(username, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const removeUserOperation = new RemoveUserOperation(this, username, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, removeUserOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the current profiling level of MongoDB
+ *
+ * @param {string} level The new profiling level (off, slow_only, all).
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.setProfilingLevel = function(level, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const setProfilingLevelOperation = new SetProfilingLevelOperation(this, level, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, setProfilingLevelOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the current profiling information for MongoDB
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Query the system.profile collection directly.
+ */
+Db.prototype.profilingInfo = deprecate(function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.topology, profilingInfo, [this, options, callback]);
+}, 'Db.profilingInfo is deprecated. Query the system.profile collection directly.');
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the current profiling Level for MongoDB
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.profilingLevel = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const profilingLevelOperation = new ProfilingLevelOperation(this, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, profilingLevelOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves this collections index info.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} name The name of the collection.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.full=false] Returns the full raw index information.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+Db.prototype.indexInformation = function(name, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const indexInformationOperation = new IndexInformationOperation(this, name, options);
+
+  return executeOperation(this.s.topology, indexInformationOperation, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unref all sockets
+ * @method
+ */
+Db.prototype.unref = function() {
+  this.s.topology.unref();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Change Stream, watching for new changes (insertions, updates, replacements, deletions, and invalidations) in this database. Will ignore all changes to system collections.
+ * @method
+ * @since 3.1.0
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline] An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/|aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents. This allows for filtering (using $match) and manipulating the change stream documents.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {string} [options.fullDocument='default'] Allowed values: ‘default’, ‘updateLookup’. When set to ‘updateLookup’, the change stream will include both a delta describing the changes to the document, as well as a copy of the entire document that was changed from some time after the change occurred.
+ * @param {object} [options.resumeAfter] Specifies the logical starting point for the new change stream. This should be the _id field from a previously returned change stream document.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a change stream query
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] The read preference. Defaults to the read preference of the database. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-preference|read preference documentation}.
+ * @param {Timestamp} [options.startAtOperationTime] receive change events that occur after the specified timestamp
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @return {ChangeStream} a ChangeStream instance.
+ */
+Db.prototype.watch = function(pipeline, options) {
+  pipeline = pipeline || [];
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Allow optionally not specifying a pipeline
+  if (!Array.isArray(pipeline)) {
+    options = pipeline;
+    pipeline = [];
+  }
+
+  return new ChangeStream(this, pipeline, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the db logger
+ * @method
+ * @return {Logger} return the db logger
+ * @ignore
+ */
+Db.prototype.getLogger = function() {
+  return this.s.logger;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Db close event
+ *
+ * Emitted after a socket closed against a single server or mongos proxy.
+ *
+ * @event Db#close
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Db reconnect event
+ *
+ *  * Server: Emitted when the driver has reconnected and re-authenticated.
+ *  * ReplicaSet: N/A
+ *  * Mongos: Emitted when the driver reconnects and re-authenticates successfully against a Mongos.
+ *
+ * @event Db#reconnect
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Db error event
+ *
+ * Emitted after an error occurred against a single server or mongos proxy.
+ *
+ * @event Db#error
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Db timeout event
+ *
+ * Emitted after a socket timeout occurred against a single server or mongos proxy.
+ *
+ * @event Db#timeout
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Db parseError event
+ *
+ * The parseError event is emitted if the driver detects illegal or corrupt BSON being received from the server.
+ *
+ * @event Db#parseError
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Db fullsetup event, emitted when all servers in the topology have been connected to at start up time.
+ *
+ * * Server: Emitted when the driver has connected to the single server and has authenticated.
+ * * ReplSet: Emitted after the driver has attempted to connect to all replicaset members.
+ * * Mongos: Emitted after the driver has attempted to connect to all mongos proxies.
+ *
+ * @event Db#fullsetup
+ * @type {Db}
+ */
+
+// Constants
+Db.SYSTEM_NAMESPACE_COLLECTION = CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_NAMESPACE_COLLECTION;
+Db.SYSTEM_INDEX_COLLECTION = CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_INDEX_COLLECTION;
+Db.SYSTEM_PROFILE_COLLECTION = CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_PROFILE_COLLECTION;
+Db.SYSTEM_USER_COLLECTION = CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_USER_COLLECTION;
+Db.SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION = CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION;
+Db.SYSTEM_JS_COLLECTION = CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_JS_COLLECTION;
+
+module.exports = Db;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/dynamic_loaders.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/dynamic_loaders.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c46100239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/dynamic_loaders.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+let collection;
+let cursor;
+let db;
+
+function loadCollection() {
+  if (!collection) {
+    collection = require('./collection');
+  }
+  return collection;
+}
+
+function loadCursor() {
+  if (!cursor) {
+    cursor = require('./cursor');
+  }
+  return cursor;
+}
+
+function loadDb() {
+  if (!db) {
+    db = require('./db');
+  }
+  return db;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  loadCollection,
+  loadCursor,
+  loadDb
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/encrypter.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/encrypter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f0155d36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/encrypter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'use strict';
+const MongoClient = require('./mongo_client');
+const BSON = require('./core/connection/utils').retrieveBSON();
+const MongoError = require('./core/error').MongoError;
+
+try {
+  require.resolve('mongodb-client-encryption');
+} catch (err) {
+  throw new MongoError(
+    'Auto-encryption requested, but the module is not installed. ' +
+      'Please add `mongodb-client-encryption` as a dependency of your project'
+  );
+}
+
+const mongodbClientEncryption = require('mongodb-client-encryption');
+if (typeof mongodbClientEncryption.extension !== 'function') {
+  throw new MongoError(
+    'loaded version of `mongodb-client-encryption` does not have property `extension`. ' +
+      'Please make sure you are loading the correct version of `mongodb-client-encryption`'
+  );
+}
+const AutoEncrypter = mongodbClientEncryption.extension(require('../index')).AutoEncrypter;
+
+const kInternalClient = Symbol('internalClient');
+
+class Encrypter {
+  /**
+   * @param {MongoClient} client
+   * @param {{autoEncryption: import('./mongo_client').AutoEncryptionOptions, bson: object}} options
+   */
+  constructor(client, options) {
+    this.bypassAutoEncryption = !!options.autoEncryption.bypassAutoEncryption;
+    this.needsConnecting = false;
+
+    if (options.maxPoolSize === 0 && options.autoEncryption.keyVaultClient == null) {
+      options.autoEncryption.keyVaultClient = client;
+    } else if (options.autoEncryption.keyVaultClient == null) {
+      options.autoEncryption.keyVaultClient = this.getInternalClient(client);
+    }
+
+    if (this.bypassAutoEncryption) {
+      options.autoEncryption.metadataClient = undefined;
+    } else if (options.maxPoolSize === 0) {
+      options.autoEncryption.metadataClient = client;
+    } else {
+      options.autoEncryption.metadataClient = this.getInternalClient(client);
+    }
+
+    options.autoEncryption.bson = Encrypter.makeBSON(options);
+
+    this.autoEncrypter = new AutoEncrypter(client, options.autoEncryption);
+  }
+
+  getInternalClient(client) {
+    if (!this[kInternalClient]) {
+      const clonedOptions = {};
+
+      for (const key of Object.keys(client.s.options)) {
+        if (
+          ['autoEncryption', 'minPoolSize', 'servers', 'caseTranslate', 'dbName'].indexOf(key) !==
+          -1
+        )
+          continue;
+        clonedOptions[key] = client.s.options[key];
+      }
+
+      clonedOptions.minPoolSize = 0;
+
+      const allEvents = [
+        // APM
+        'commandStarted',
+        'commandSucceeded',
+        'commandFailed',
+
+        // SDAM
+        'serverOpening',
+        'serverClosed',
+        'serverDescriptionChanged',
+        'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+        'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+        'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+        'topologyOpening',
+        'topologyClosed',
+        'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+
+        // Legacy
+        'joined',
+        'left',
+        'ping',
+        'ha',
+
+        // CMAP
+        'connectionPoolCreated',
+        'connectionPoolClosed',
+        'connectionCreated',
+        'connectionReady',
+        'connectionClosed',
+        'connectionCheckOutStarted',
+        'connectionCheckOutFailed',
+        'connectionCheckedOut',
+        'connectionCheckedIn',
+        'connectionPoolCleared'
+      ];
+
+      this[kInternalClient] = new MongoClient(client.s.url, clonedOptions);
+
+      for (const eventName of allEvents) {
+        for (const listener of client.listeners(eventName)) {
+          this[kInternalClient].on(eventName, listener);
+        }
+      }
+
+      client.on('newListener', (eventName, listener) => {
+        this[kInternalClient].on(eventName, listener);
+      });
+
+      this.needsConnecting = true;
+    }
+    return this[kInternalClient];
+  }
+
+  connectInternalClient(callback) {
+    if (this.needsConnecting) {
+      this.needsConnecting = false;
+      return this[kInternalClient].connect(callback);
+    }
+
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  close(client, force, callback) {
+    this.autoEncrypter.teardown(e => {
+      if (this[kInternalClient] && client !== this[kInternalClient]) {
+        return this[kInternalClient].close(force, callback);
+      }
+      callback(e);
+    });
+  }
+
+  static makeBSON(options) {
+    return (
+      (options || {}).bson ||
+      new BSON([
+        BSON.Binary,
+        BSON.Code,
+        BSON.DBRef,
+        BSON.Decimal128,
+        BSON.Double,
+        BSON.Int32,
+        BSON.Long,
+        BSON.Map,
+        BSON.MaxKey,
+        BSON.MinKey,
+        BSON.ObjectId,
+        BSON.BSONRegExp,
+        BSON.Symbol,
+        BSON.Timestamp
+      ])
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { Encrypter };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/error.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/error.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2d026ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/error.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoNetworkError = require('./core').MongoNetworkError;
+
+// From spec@https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/f93d78191f3db2898a59013a7ed5650352ef6da8/source/change-streams/change-streams.rst#resumable-error
+const GET_MORE_RESUMABLE_CODES = new Set([
+  6, // HostUnreachable
+  7, // HostNotFound
+  89, // NetworkTimeout
+  91, // ShutdownInProgress
+  189, // PrimarySteppedDown
+  262, // ExceededTimeLimit
+  9001, // SocketException
+  10107, // NotMaster
+  11600, // InterruptedAtShutdown
+  11602, // InterruptedDueToReplStateChange
+  13435, // NotMasterNoSlaveOk
+  13436, // NotMasterOrSecondary
+  63, // StaleShardVersion
+  150, // StaleEpoch
+  13388, // StaleConfig
+  234, // RetryChangeStream
+  133, // FailedToSatisfyReadPreference
+  43 // CursorNotFound
+]);
+
+function isResumableError(error, wireVersion) {
+  if (error instanceof MongoNetworkError) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (wireVersion >= 9) {
+    // DRIVERS-1308: For 4.4 drivers running against 4.4 servers, drivers will add a special case to treat the CursorNotFound error code as resumable
+    if (error.code === 43) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return error.hasErrorLabel('ResumableChangeStreamError');
+  }
+
+  return GET_MORE_RESUMABLE_CODES.has(error.code);
+}
+
+module.exports = { GET_MORE_RESUMABLE_CODES, isResumableError };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/explain.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/explain.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14ec6f438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/explain.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoError = require('./core/error').MongoError;
+
+const ExplainVerbosity = {
+  queryPlanner: 'queryPlanner',
+  queryPlannerExtended: 'queryPlannerExtended',
+  executionStats: 'executionStats',
+  allPlansExecution: 'allPlansExecution'
+};
+
+/**
+ * @class
+ * @property {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'} verbosity The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+ */
+class Explain {
+  /**
+   * Constructs an Explain from the explain verbosity.
+   *
+   * For backwards compatibility, true is interpreted as "allPlansExecution"
+   * and false as "queryPlanner". Prior to server version 3.6, aggregate()
+   * ignores the verbosity parameter and executes in "queryPlanner".
+   *
+   * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [verbosity] The verbosity mode for the explain output.
+   */
+  constructor(verbosity) {
+    if (typeof verbosity === 'boolean') {
+      this.verbosity = verbosity ? 'allPlansExecution' : 'queryPlanner';
+    } else {
+      this.verbosity = verbosity;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct an Explain given an options object.
+   *
+   * @param {object} [options] The options object from which to extract the explain.
+   * @param {'queryPlanner'|'queryPlannerExtended'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'|boolean} [options.explain] The verbosity mode for the explain output
+   * @return {Explain}
+   */
+  static fromOptions(options) {
+    if (options == null || options.explain === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const explain = options.explain;
+    if (typeof explain === 'boolean' || explain in ExplainVerbosity) {
+      return new Explain(options.explain);
+    }
+
+    throw new MongoError(`explain must be one of ${Object.keys(ExplainVerbosity)} or a boolean`);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { Explain };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/download.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/download.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0aab5dc34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/download.js
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var stream = require('stream'),
+  util = require('util');
+
+module.exports = GridFSBucketReadStream;
+
+/**
+ * A readable stream that enables you to read buffers from GridFS.
+ *
+ * Do not instantiate this class directly. Use `openDownloadStream()` instead.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @extends external:Readable
+ * @param {Collection} chunks Handle for chunks collection
+ * @param {Collection} files Handle for files collection
+ * @param {Object} readPreference The read preference to use
+ * @param {Object} filter The query to use to find the file document
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {Number} [options.sort] Optional sort for the file find query
+ * @param {Number} [options.skip] Optional skip for the file find query
+ * @param {Number} [options.start] Optional 0-based offset in bytes to start streaming from
+ * @param {Number} [options.end] Optional 0-based offset in bytes to stop streaming before
+ * @fires GridFSBucketReadStream#error
+ * @fires GridFSBucketReadStream#file
+ */
+function GridFSBucketReadStream(chunks, files, readPreference, filter, options) {
+  this.s = {
+    bytesRead: 0,
+    chunks: chunks,
+    cursor: null,
+    expected: 0,
+    files: files,
+    filter: filter,
+    init: false,
+    expectedEnd: 0,
+    file: null,
+    options: options,
+    readPreference: readPreference
+  };
+
+  stream.Readable.call(this);
+}
+
+util.inherits(GridFSBucketReadStream, stream.Readable);
+
+/**
+ * An error occurred
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketReadStream#error
+ * @type {Error}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Fires when the stream loaded the file document corresponding to the
+ * provided id.
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketReadStream#file
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Emitted when a chunk of data is available to be consumed.
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketReadStream#data
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Fired when the stream is exhausted (no more data events).
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketReadStream#end
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Fired when the stream is exhausted and the underlying cursor is killed
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketReadStream#close
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Reads from the cursor and pushes to the stream.
+ * Private Impl, do not call directly
+ * @ignore
+ * @method
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketReadStream.prototype._read = function() {
+  var _this = this;
+  if (this.destroyed) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  waitForFile(_this, function() {
+    doRead(_this);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the 0-based offset in bytes to start streaming from. Throws
+ * an error if this stream has entered flowing mode
+ * (e.g. if you've already called `on('data')`)
+ * @method
+ * @param {Number} start Offset in bytes to start reading at
+ * @return {GridFSBucketReadStream} Reference to Self
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketReadStream.prototype.start = function(start) {
+  throwIfInitialized(this);
+  this.s.options.start = start;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the 0-based offset in bytes to start streaming from. Throws
+ * an error if this stream has entered flowing mode
+ * (e.g. if you've already called `on('data')`)
+ * @method
+ * @param {Number} end Offset in bytes to stop reading at
+ * @return {GridFSBucketReadStream} Reference to self
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketReadStream.prototype.end = function(end) {
+  throwIfInitialized(this);
+  this.s.options.end = end;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks this stream as aborted (will never push another `data` event)
+ * and kills the underlying cursor. Will emit the 'end' event, and then
+ * the 'close' event once the cursor is successfully killed.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} [callback] called when the cursor is successfully closed or an error occurred.
+ * @fires GridFSBucketWriteStream#close
+ * @fires GridFSBucketWriteStream#end
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketReadStream.prototype.abort = function(callback) {
+  var _this = this;
+  this.push(null);
+  this.destroyed = true;
+  if (this.s.cursor) {
+    this.s.cursor.close(function(error) {
+      _this.emit('close');
+      callback && callback(error);
+    });
+  } else {
+    if (!this.s.init) {
+      // If not initialized, fire close event because we will never
+      // get a cursor
+      _this.emit('close');
+    }
+    callback && callback();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function throwIfInitialized(self) {
+  if (self.s.init) {
+    throw new Error('You cannot change options after the stream has entered' + 'flowing mode!');
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function doRead(_this) {
+  if (_this.destroyed) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  _this.s.cursor.next(function(error, doc) {
+    if (_this.destroyed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (error) {
+      return __handleError(_this, error);
+    }
+    if (!doc) {
+      _this.push(null);
+
+      process.nextTick(() => {
+        _this.s.cursor.close(function(error) {
+          if (error) {
+            __handleError(_this, error);
+            return;
+          }
+
+          _this.emit('close');
+        });
+      });
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var bytesRemaining = _this.s.file.length - _this.s.bytesRead;
+    var expectedN = _this.s.expected++;
+    var expectedLength = Math.min(_this.s.file.chunkSize, bytesRemaining);
+
+    if (doc.n > expectedN) {
+      var errmsg = 'ChunkIsMissing: Got unexpected n: ' + doc.n + ', expected: ' + expectedN;
+      return __handleError(_this, new Error(errmsg));
+    }
+
+    if (doc.n < expectedN) {
+      errmsg = 'ExtraChunk: Got unexpected n: ' + doc.n + ', expected: ' + expectedN;
+      return __handleError(_this, new Error(errmsg));
+    }
+
+    var buf = Buffer.isBuffer(doc.data) ? doc.data : doc.data.buffer;
+
+    if (buf.length !== expectedLength) {
+      if (bytesRemaining <= 0) {
+        errmsg = 'ExtraChunk: Got unexpected n: ' + doc.n;
+        return __handleError(_this, new Error(errmsg));
+      }
+
+      errmsg =
+        'ChunkIsWrongSize: Got unexpected length: ' + buf.length + ', expected: ' + expectedLength;
+      return __handleError(_this, new Error(errmsg));
+    }
+
+    _this.s.bytesRead += buf.length;
+
+    if (buf.length === 0) {
+      return _this.push(null);
+    }
+
+    var sliceStart = null;
+    var sliceEnd = null;
+
+    if (_this.s.bytesToSkip != null) {
+      sliceStart = _this.s.bytesToSkip;
+      _this.s.bytesToSkip = 0;
+    }
+
+    const atEndOfStream = expectedN === _this.s.expectedEnd - 1;
+    const bytesLeftToRead = _this.s.options.end - _this.s.bytesToSkip;
+    if (atEndOfStream && _this.s.bytesToTrim != null) {
+      sliceEnd = _this.s.file.chunkSize - _this.s.bytesToTrim;
+    } else if (_this.s.options.end && bytesLeftToRead < doc.data.length()) {
+      sliceEnd = bytesLeftToRead;
+    }
+
+    if (sliceStart != null || sliceEnd != null) {
+      buf = buf.slice(sliceStart || 0, sliceEnd || buf.length);
+    }
+
+    _this.push(buf);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function init(self) {
+  var findOneOptions = {};
+  if (self.s.readPreference) {
+    findOneOptions.readPreference = self.s.readPreference;
+  }
+  if (self.s.options && self.s.options.sort) {
+    findOneOptions.sort = self.s.options.sort;
+  }
+  if (self.s.options && self.s.options.skip) {
+    findOneOptions.skip = self.s.options.skip;
+  }
+
+  self.s.files.findOne(self.s.filter, findOneOptions, function(error, doc) {
+    if (error) {
+      return __handleError(self, error);
+    }
+
+    if (!doc) {
+      var identifier = self.s.filter._id ? self.s.filter._id.toString() : self.s.filter.filename;
+      var errmsg = 'FileNotFound: file ' + identifier + ' was not found';
+      var err = new Error(errmsg);
+      err.code = 'ENOENT';
+      return __handleError(self, err);
+    }
+
+    // If document is empty, kill the stream immediately and don't
+    // execute any reads
+    if (doc.length <= 0) {
+      self.push(null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (self.destroyed) {
+      // If user destroys the stream before we have a cursor, wait
+      // until the query is done to say we're 'closed' because we can't
+      // cancel a query.
+      self.emit('close');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      self.s.bytesToSkip = handleStartOption(self, doc, self.s.options);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return __handleError(self, error);
+    }
+
+    var filter = { files_id: doc._id };
+
+    // Currently (MongoDB 3.4.4) skip function does not support the index,
+    // it needs to retrieve all the documents first and then skip them. (CS-25811)
+    // As work around we use $gte on the "n" field.
+    if (self.s.options && self.s.options.start != null) {
+      var skip = Math.floor(self.s.options.start / doc.chunkSize);
+      if (skip > 0) {
+        filter['n'] = { $gte: skip };
+      }
+    }
+    self.s.cursor = self.s.chunks.find(filter).sort({ n: 1 });
+
+    if (self.s.readPreference) {
+      self.s.cursor.setReadPreference(self.s.readPreference);
+    }
+
+    self.s.expectedEnd = Math.ceil(doc.length / doc.chunkSize);
+    self.s.file = doc;
+
+    try {
+      self.s.bytesToTrim = handleEndOption(self, doc, self.s.cursor, self.s.options);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return __handleError(self, error);
+    }
+
+    self.emit('file', doc);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function waitForFile(_this, callback) {
+  if (_this.s.file) {
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  if (!_this.s.init) {
+    init(_this);
+    _this.s.init = true;
+  }
+
+  _this.once('file', function() {
+    callback();
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function handleStartOption(stream, doc, options) {
+  if (options && options.start != null) {
+    if (options.start > doc.length) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Stream start (' +
+          options.start +
+          ') must not be ' +
+          'more than the length of the file (' +
+          doc.length +
+          ')'
+      );
+    }
+    if (options.start < 0) {
+      throw new Error('Stream start (' + options.start + ') must not be ' + 'negative');
+    }
+    if (options.end != null && options.end < options.start) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Stream start (' +
+          options.start +
+          ') must not be ' +
+          'greater than stream end (' +
+          options.end +
+          ')'
+      );
+    }
+
+    stream.s.bytesRead = Math.floor(options.start / doc.chunkSize) * doc.chunkSize;
+    stream.s.expected = Math.floor(options.start / doc.chunkSize);
+
+    return options.start - stream.s.bytesRead;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function handleEndOption(stream, doc, cursor, options) {
+  if (options && options.end != null) {
+    if (options.end > doc.length) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Stream end (' +
+          options.end +
+          ') must not be ' +
+          'more than the length of the file (' +
+          doc.length +
+          ')'
+      );
+    }
+    if (options.start < 0) {
+      throw new Error('Stream end (' + options.end + ') must not be ' + 'negative');
+    }
+
+    var start = options.start != null ? Math.floor(options.start / doc.chunkSize) : 0;
+
+    cursor.limit(Math.ceil(options.end / doc.chunkSize) - start);
+
+    stream.s.expectedEnd = Math.ceil(options.end / doc.chunkSize);
+
+    return Math.ceil(options.end / doc.chunkSize) * doc.chunkSize - options.end;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function __handleError(_this, error) {
+  _this.emit('error', error);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..650983951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Emitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+var GridFSBucketReadStream = require('./download');
+var GridFSBucketWriteStream = require('./upload');
+var shallowClone = require('../utils').shallowClone;
+var toError = require('../utils').toError;
+var util = require('util');
+var executeLegacyOperation = require('../utils').executeLegacyOperation;
+
+var DEFAULT_GRIDFS_BUCKET_OPTIONS = {
+  bucketName: 'fs',
+  chunkSizeBytes: 255 * 1024
+};
+
+module.exports = GridFSBucket;
+
+/**
+ * Constructor for a streaming GridFS interface
+ * @class
+ * @extends external:EventEmitter
+ * @param {Db} db A db handle
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {string} [options.bucketName="fs"] The 'files' and 'chunks' collections will be prefixed with the bucket name followed by a dot.
+ * @param {number} [options.chunkSizeBytes=255 * 1024] Number of bytes stored in each chunk. Defaults to 255KB
+ * @param {object} [options.writeConcern] Optional write concern to be passed to write operations, for instance `{ w: 1 }`
+ * @param {object} [options.readPreference] Optional read preference to be passed to read operations
+ * @fires GridFSBucketWriteStream#index
+ */
+
+function GridFSBucket(db, options) {
+  Emitter.apply(this);
+  this.setMaxListeners(0);
+
+  if (options && typeof options === 'object') {
+    options = shallowClone(options);
+    var keys = Object.keys(DEFAULT_GRIDFS_BUCKET_OPTIONS);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+      if (!options[keys[i]]) {
+        options[keys[i]] = DEFAULT_GRIDFS_BUCKET_OPTIONS[keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    options = DEFAULT_GRIDFS_BUCKET_OPTIONS;
+  }
+
+  this.s = {
+    db: db,
+    options: options,
+    _chunksCollection: db.collection(options.bucketName + '.chunks'),
+    _filesCollection: db.collection(options.bucketName + '.files'),
+    checkedIndexes: false,
+    calledOpenUploadStream: false,
+    promiseLibrary: db.s.promiseLibrary || Promise
+  };
+}
+
+util.inherits(GridFSBucket, Emitter);
+
+/**
+ * When the first call to openUploadStream is made, the upload stream will
+ * check to see if it needs to create the proper indexes on the chunks and
+ * files collections. This event is fired either when 1) it determines that
+ * no index creation is necessary, 2) when it successfully creates the
+ * necessary indexes.
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucket#index
+ * @type {Error}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Returns a writable stream (GridFSBucketWriteStream) for writing
+ * buffers to GridFS. The stream's 'id' property contains the resulting
+ * file's id.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} filename The value of the 'filename' key in the files doc
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.chunkSizeBytes] Optional overwrite this bucket's chunkSizeBytes for this file
+ * @param {object} [options.metadata] Optional object to store in the file document's `metadata` field
+ * @param {string} [options.contentType] Optional string to store in the file document's `contentType` field
+ * @param {array} [options.aliases] Optional array of strings to store in the file document's `aliases` field
+ * @param {boolean} [options.disableMD5=false] If true, disables adding an md5 field to file data
+ * @return {GridFSBucketWriteStream}
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.openUploadStream = function(filename, options) {
+  if (options) {
+    options = shallowClone(options);
+  } else {
+    options = {};
+  }
+  if (!options.chunkSizeBytes) {
+    options.chunkSizeBytes = this.s.options.chunkSizeBytes;
+  }
+  return new GridFSBucketWriteStream(this, filename, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a writable stream (GridFSBucketWriteStream) for writing
+ * buffers to GridFS for a custom file id. The stream's 'id' property contains the resulting
+ * file's id.
+ * @method
+ * @param {string|number|object} id A custom id used to identify the file
+ * @param {string} filename The value of the 'filename' key in the files doc
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.chunkSizeBytes] Optional overwrite this bucket's chunkSizeBytes for this file
+ * @param {object} [options.metadata] Optional object to store in the file document's `metadata` field
+ * @param {string} [options.contentType] Optional string to store in the file document's `contentType` field
+ * @param {array} [options.aliases] Optional array of strings to store in the file document's `aliases` field
+ * @param {boolean} [options.disableMD5=false] If true, disables adding an md5 field to file data
+ * @return {GridFSBucketWriteStream}
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.openUploadStreamWithId = function(id, filename, options) {
+  if (options) {
+    options = shallowClone(options);
+  } else {
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  if (!options.chunkSizeBytes) {
+    options.chunkSizeBytes = this.s.options.chunkSizeBytes;
+  }
+
+  options.id = id;
+
+  return new GridFSBucketWriteStream(this, filename, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a readable stream (GridFSBucketReadStream) for streaming file
+ * data from GridFS.
+ * @method
+ * @param {ObjectId} id The id of the file doc
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {Number} [options.start] Optional 0-based offset in bytes to start streaming from
+ * @param {Number} [options.end] Optional 0-based offset in bytes to stop streaming before
+ * @return {GridFSBucketReadStream}
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.openDownloadStream = function(id, options) {
+  var filter = { _id: id };
+  options = {
+    start: options && options.start,
+    end: options && options.end
+  };
+
+  return new GridFSBucketReadStream(
+    this.s._chunksCollection,
+    this.s._filesCollection,
+    this.s.options.readPreference,
+    filter,
+    options
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes a file with the given id
+ * @method
+ * @param {ObjectId} id The id of the file doc
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} [callback]
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.delete = function(id, callback) {
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, _delete, [this, id, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function _delete(_this, id, callback) {
+  _this.s._filesCollection.deleteOne({ _id: id }, function(error, res) {
+    if (error) {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+
+    _this.s._chunksCollection.deleteMany({ files_id: id }, function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return callback(error);
+      }
+
+      // Delete orphaned chunks before returning FileNotFound
+      if (!res.result.n) {
+        var errmsg = 'FileNotFound: no file with id ' + id + ' found';
+        return callback(new Error(errmsg));
+      }
+
+      callback();
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convenience wrapper around find on the files collection
+ * @method
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings for cursor
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/find|find command documentation}.
+ * @param {number} [options.limit] Optional limit for cursor
+ * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] Optional maxTimeMS for cursor
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noCursorTimeout] Optionally set cursor's `noCursorTimeout` flag
+ * @param {number} [options.skip] Optional skip for cursor
+ * @param {object} [options.sort] Optional sort for cursor
+ * @return {Cursor}
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.find = function(filter, options) {
+  filter = filter || {};
+  options = options || {};
+
+  var cursor = this.s._filesCollection.find(filter);
+
+  if (options.batchSize != null) {
+    cursor.batchSize(options.batchSize);
+  }
+  if (options.limit != null) {
+    cursor.limit(options.limit);
+  }
+  if (options.maxTimeMS != null) {
+    cursor.maxTimeMS(options.maxTimeMS);
+  }
+  if (options.noCursorTimeout != null) {
+    cursor.addCursorFlag('noCursorTimeout', options.noCursorTimeout);
+  }
+  if (options.skip != null) {
+    cursor.skip(options.skip);
+  }
+  if (options.sort != null) {
+    cursor.sort(options.sort);
+  }
+
+  return cursor;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a readable stream (GridFSBucketReadStream) for streaming the
+ * file with the given name from GridFS. If there are multiple files with
+ * the same name, this will stream the most recent file with the given name
+ * (as determined by the `uploadDate` field). You can set the `revision`
+ * option to change this behavior.
+ * @method
+ * @param {String} filename The name of the file to stream
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {number} [options.revision=-1] The revision number relative to the oldest file with the given filename. 0 gets you the oldest file, 1 gets you the 2nd oldest, -1 gets you the newest.
+ * @param {Number} [options.start] Optional 0-based offset in bytes to start streaming from
+ * @param {Number} [options.end] Optional 0-based offset in bytes to stop streaming before
+ * @return {GridFSBucketReadStream}
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.openDownloadStreamByName = function(filename, options) {
+  var sort = { uploadDate: -1 };
+  var skip = null;
+  if (options && options.revision != null) {
+    if (options.revision >= 0) {
+      sort = { uploadDate: 1 };
+      skip = options.revision;
+    } else {
+      skip = -options.revision - 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var filter = { filename: filename };
+  options = {
+    sort: sort,
+    skip: skip,
+    start: options && options.start,
+    end: options && options.end
+  };
+  return new GridFSBucketReadStream(
+    this.s._chunksCollection,
+    this.s._filesCollection,
+    this.s.options.readPreference,
+    filter,
+    options
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Renames the file with the given _id to the given string
+ * @method
+ * @param {ObjectId} id the id of the file to rename
+ * @param {String} filename new name for the file
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} [callback]
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.rename = function(id, filename, callback) {
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, _rename, [this, id, filename, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function _rename(_this, id, filename, callback) {
+  var filter = { _id: id };
+  var update = { $set: { filename: filename } };
+  _this.s._filesCollection.updateOne(filter, update, function(error, res) {
+    if (error) {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+    if (!res.result.n) {
+      return callback(toError('File with id ' + id + ' not found'));
+    }
+    callback();
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes this bucket's files collection, followed by its chunks collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} [callback]
+ */
+
+GridFSBucket.prototype.drop = function(callback) {
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.s.db.s.topology, _drop, [this, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the db logger
+ * @method
+ * @return {Logger} return the db logger
+ * @ignore
+ */
+GridFSBucket.prototype.getLogger = function() {
+  return this.s.db.s.logger;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function _drop(_this, callback) {
+  _this.s._filesCollection.drop(function(error) {
+    if (error) {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+    _this.s._chunksCollection.drop(function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return callback(error);
+      }
+
+      return callback();
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callback format for all GridFSBucket methods that can accept a callback.
+ * @callback GridFSBucket~errorCallback
+ * @param {MongoError|undefined} error If present, an error instance representing any errors that occurred
+ * @param {*} result If present, a returned result for the method
+ */
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/upload.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/upload.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4caa5c22f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs-stream/upload.js
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var core = require('../core');
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+var stream = require('stream');
+var util = require('util');
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+
+var ERROR_NAMESPACE_NOT_FOUND = 26;
+
+module.exports = GridFSBucketWriteStream;
+
+/**
+ * A writable stream that enables you to write buffers to GridFS.
+ *
+ * Do not instantiate this class directly. Use `openUploadStream()` instead.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @extends external:Writable
+ * @param {GridFSBucket} bucket Handle for this stream's corresponding bucket
+ * @param {string} filename The value of the 'filename' key in the files doc
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {string|number|object} [options.id] Custom file id for the GridFS file.
+ * @param {number} [options.chunkSizeBytes] The chunk size to use, in bytes
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.disableMD5=false] If true, disables adding an md5 field to file data
+ * @fires GridFSBucketWriteStream#error
+ * @fires GridFSBucketWriteStream#finish
+ */
+
+function GridFSBucketWriteStream(bucket, filename, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  stream.Writable.call(this, options);
+  this.bucket = bucket;
+  this.chunks = bucket.s._chunksCollection;
+  this.filename = filename;
+  this.files = bucket.s._filesCollection;
+  this.options = options;
+  // Signals the write is all done
+  this.done = false;
+
+  this.id = options.id ? options.id : core.BSON.ObjectId();
+  this.chunkSizeBytes = this.options.chunkSizeBytes;
+  this.bufToStore = Buffer.alloc(this.chunkSizeBytes);
+  this.length = 0;
+  this.md5 = !options.disableMD5 && crypto.createHash('md5');
+  this.n = 0;
+  this.pos = 0;
+  this.state = {
+    streamEnd: false,
+    outstandingRequests: 0,
+    errored: false,
+    aborted: false,
+    promiseLibrary: this.bucket.s.promiseLibrary
+  };
+
+  if (!this.bucket.s.calledOpenUploadStream) {
+    this.bucket.s.calledOpenUploadStream = true;
+
+    var _this = this;
+    checkIndexes(this, function() {
+      _this.bucket.s.checkedIndexes = true;
+      _this.bucket.emit('index');
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+util.inherits(GridFSBucketWriteStream, stream.Writable);
+
+/**
+ * An error occurred
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketWriteStream#error
+ * @type {Error}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * `end()` was called and the write stream successfully wrote the file
+ * metadata and all the chunks to MongoDB.
+ *
+ * @event GridFSBucketWriteStream#finish
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Write a buffer to the stream.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Buffer} chunk Buffer to write
+ * @param {String} encoding Optional encoding for the buffer
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} callback Function to call when the chunk was added to the buffer, or if the entire chunk was persisted to MongoDB if this chunk caused a flush.
+ * @return {Boolean} False if this write required flushing a chunk to MongoDB. True otherwise.
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketWriteStream.prototype.write = function(chunk, encoding, callback) {
+  var _this = this;
+  return waitForIndexes(this, function() {
+    return doWrite(_this, chunk, encoding, callback);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Places this write stream into an aborted state (all future writes fail)
+ * and deletes all chunks that have already been written.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} callback called when chunks are successfully removed or error occurred
+ * @return {Promise} if no callback specified
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketWriteStream.prototype.abort = function(callback) {
+  if (this.state.streamEnd) {
+    var error = new Error('Cannot abort a stream that has already completed');
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+    return this.state.promiseLibrary.reject(error);
+  }
+  if (this.state.aborted) {
+    error = new Error('Cannot call abort() on a stream twice');
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+    return this.state.promiseLibrary.reject(error);
+  }
+  this.state.aborted = true;
+  this.chunks.deleteMany({ files_id: this.id }, function(error) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(error);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Tells the stream that no more data will be coming in. The stream will
+ * persist the remaining data to MongoDB, write the files document, and
+ * then emit a 'finish' event.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Buffer} chunk Buffer to write
+ * @param {String} encoding Optional encoding for the buffer
+ * @param {GridFSBucket~errorCallback} callback Function to call when all files and chunks have been persisted to MongoDB
+ */
+
+GridFSBucketWriteStream.prototype.end = function(chunk, encoding, callback) {
+  var _this = this;
+  if (typeof chunk === 'function') {
+    (callback = chunk), (chunk = null), (encoding = null);
+  } else if (typeof encoding === 'function') {
+    (callback = encoding), (encoding = null);
+  }
+
+  if (checkAborted(this, callback)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this.state.streamEnd = true;
+
+  if (callback) {
+    this.once('finish', function(result) {
+      callback(null, result);
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!chunk) {
+    waitForIndexes(this, function() {
+      writeRemnant(_this);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.write(chunk, encoding, function() {
+    writeRemnant(_this);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function __handleError(_this, error, callback) {
+  if (_this.state.errored) {
+    return;
+  }
+  _this.state.errored = true;
+  if (callback) {
+    return callback(error);
+  }
+  _this.emit('error', error);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function createChunkDoc(filesId, n, data) {
+  return {
+    _id: core.BSON.ObjectId(),
+    files_id: filesId,
+    n: n,
+    data: data
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function checkChunksIndex(_this, callback) {
+  _this.chunks.listIndexes().toArray(function(error, indexes) {
+    if (error) {
+      // Collection doesn't exist so create index
+      if (error.code === ERROR_NAMESPACE_NOT_FOUND) {
+        var index = { files_id: 1, n: 1 };
+        _this.chunks.createIndex(index, { background: false, unique: true }, function(error) {
+          if (error) {
+            return callback(error);
+          }
+
+          callback();
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+
+    var hasChunksIndex = false;
+    indexes.forEach(function(index) {
+      if (index.key) {
+        var keys = Object.keys(index.key);
+        if (keys.length === 2 && index.key.files_id === 1 && index.key.n === 1) {
+          hasChunksIndex = true;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (hasChunksIndex) {
+      callback();
+    } else {
+      index = { files_id: 1, n: 1 };
+      var indexOptions = getWriteOptions(_this);
+
+      indexOptions.background = false;
+      indexOptions.unique = true;
+
+      _this.chunks.createIndex(index, indexOptions, function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return callback(error);
+        }
+
+        callback();
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function checkDone(_this, callback) {
+  if (_this.done) return true;
+  if (_this.state.streamEnd && _this.state.outstandingRequests === 0 && !_this.state.errored) {
+    // Set done so we dont' trigger duplicate createFilesDoc
+    _this.done = true;
+    // Create a new files doc
+    var filesDoc = createFilesDoc(
+      _this.id,
+      _this.length,
+      _this.chunkSizeBytes,
+      _this.md5 && _this.md5.digest('hex'),
+      _this.filename,
+      _this.options.contentType,
+      _this.options.aliases,
+      _this.options.metadata
+    );
+
+    if (checkAborted(_this, callback)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    _this.files.insertOne(filesDoc, getWriteOptions(_this), function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return __handleError(_this, error, callback);
+      }
+      _this.emit('finish', filesDoc);
+      _this.emit('close');
+    });
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function checkIndexes(_this, callback) {
+  _this.files.findOne({}, { _id: 1 }, function(error, doc) {
+    if (error) {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+    if (doc) {
+      return callback();
+    }
+
+    _this.files.listIndexes().toArray(function(error, indexes) {
+      if (error) {
+        // Collection doesn't exist so create index
+        if (error.code === ERROR_NAMESPACE_NOT_FOUND) {
+          var index = { filename: 1, uploadDate: 1 };
+          _this.files.createIndex(index, { background: false }, function(error) {
+            if (error) {
+              return callback(error);
+            }
+
+            checkChunksIndex(_this, callback);
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+        return callback(error);
+      }
+
+      var hasFileIndex = false;
+      indexes.forEach(function(index) {
+        var keys = Object.keys(index.key);
+        if (keys.length === 2 && index.key.filename === 1 && index.key.uploadDate === 1) {
+          hasFileIndex = true;
+        }
+      });
+
+      if (hasFileIndex) {
+        checkChunksIndex(_this, callback);
+      } else {
+        index = { filename: 1, uploadDate: 1 };
+
+        var indexOptions = getWriteOptions(_this);
+
+        indexOptions.background = false;
+
+        _this.files.createIndex(index, indexOptions, function(error) {
+          if (error) {
+            return callback(error);
+          }
+
+          checkChunksIndex(_this, callback);
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function createFilesDoc(_id, length, chunkSize, md5, filename, contentType, aliases, metadata) {
+  var ret = {
+    _id: _id,
+    length: length,
+    chunkSize: chunkSize,
+    uploadDate: new Date(),
+    filename: filename
+  };
+
+  if (md5) {
+    ret.md5 = md5;
+  }
+
+  if (contentType) {
+    ret.contentType = contentType;
+  }
+
+  if (aliases) {
+    ret.aliases = aliases;
+  }
+
+  if (metadata) {
+    ret.metadata = metadata;
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function doWrite(_this, chunk, encoding, callback) {
+  if (checkAborted(_this, callback)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var inputBuf = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk, encoding);
+
+  _this.length += inputBuf.length;
+
+  // Input is small enough to fit in our buffer
+  if (_this.pos + inputBuf.length < _this.chunkSizeBytes) {
+    inputBuf.copy(_this.bufToStore, _this.pos);
+    _this.pos += inputBuf.length;
+
+    callback && callback();
+
+    // Note that we reverse the typical semantics of write's return value
+    // to be compatible with node's `.pipe()` function.
+    // True means client can keep writing.
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, buffer is too big for current chunk, so we need to flush
+  // to MongoDB.
+  var inputBufRemaining = inputBuf.length;
+  var spaceRemaining = _this.chunkSizeBytes - _this.pos;
+  var numToCopy = Math.min(spaceRemaining, inputBuf.length);
+  var outstandingRequests = 0;
+  while (inputBufRemaining > 0) {
+    var inputBufPos = inputBuf.length - inputBufRemaining;
+    inputBuf.copy(_this.bufToStore, _this.pos, inputBufPos, inputBufPos + numToCopy);
+    _this.pos += numToCopy;
+    spaceRemaining -= numToCopy;
+    if (spaceRemaining === 0) {
+      if (_this.md5) {
+        _this.md5.update(_this.bufToStore);
+      }
+      var doc = createChunkDoc(_this.id, _this.n, Buffer.from(_this.bufToStore));
+      ++_this.state.outstandingRequests;
+      ++outstandingRequests;
+
+      if (checkAborted(_this, callback)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      _this.chunks.insertOne(doc, getWriteOptions(_this), function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return __handleError(_this, error);
+        }
+        --_this.state.outstandingRequests;
+        --outstandingRequests;
+
+        if (!outstandingRequests) {
+          _this.emit('drain', doc);
+          callback && callback();
+          checkDone(_this);
+        }
+      });
+
+      spaceRemaining = _this.chunkSizeBytes;
+      _this.pos = 0;
+      ++_this.n;
+    }
+    inputBufRemaining -= numToCopy;
+    numToCopy = Math.min(spaceRemaining, inputBufRemaining);
+  }
+
+  // Note that we reverse the typical semantics of write's return value
+  // to be compatible with node's `.pipe()` function.
+  // False means the client should wait for the 'drain' event.
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function getWriteOptions(_this) {
+  var obj = {};
+  if (_this.options.writeConcern) {
+    obj.w = _this.options.writeConcern.w;
+    obj.wtimeout = _this.options.writeConcern.wtimeout;
+    obj.j = _this.options.writeConcern.j;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function waitForIndexes(_this, callback) {
+  if (_this.bucket.s.checkedIndexes) {
+    return callback(false);
+  }
+
+  _this.bucket.once('index', function() {
+    callback(true);
+  });
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function writeRemnant(_this, callback) {
+  // Buffer is empty, so don't bother to insert
+  if (_this.pos === 0) {
+    return checkDone(_this, callback);
+  }
+
+  ++_this.state.outstandingRequests;
+
+  // Create a new buffer to make sure the buffer isn't bigger than it needs
+  // to be.
+  var remnant = Buffer.alloc(_this.pos);
+  _this.bufToStore.copy(remnant, 0, 0, _this.pos);
+  if (_this.md5) {
+    _this.md5.update(remnant);
+  }
+  var doc = createChunkDoc(_this.id, _this.n, remnant);
+
+  // If the stream was aborted, do not write remnant
+  if (checkAborted(_this, callback)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _this.chunks.insertOne(doc, getWriteOptions(_this), function(error) {
+    if (error) {
+      return __handleError(_this, error);
+    }
+    --_this.state.outstandingRequests;
+    checkDone(_this);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function checkAborted(_this, callback) {
+  if (_this.state.aborted) {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(new Error('this stream has been aborted'));
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs/chunk.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs/chunk.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d276d7204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs/chunk.js
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Binary = require('../core').BSON.Binary,
+  ObjectID = require('../core').BSON.ObjectID;
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+
+/**
+ * Class for representing a single chunk in GridFS.
+ *
+ * @class
+ *
+ * @param file {GridStore} The {@link GridStore} object holding this chunk.
+ * @param mongoObject {object} The mongo object representation of this chunk.
+ *
+ * @throws Error when the type of data field for {@link mongoObject} is not
+ *     supported. Currently supported types for data field are instances of
+ *     {@link String}, {@link Array}, {@link Binary} and {@link Binary}
+ *     from the bson module
+ *
+ * @see Chunk#buildMongoObject
+ */
+var Chunk = function(file, mongoObject, writeConcern) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Chunk)) return new Chunk(file, mongoObject);
+
+  this.file = file;
+  var mongoObjectFinal = mongoObject == null ? {} : mongoObject;
+  this.writeConcern = writeConcern || { w: 1 };
+  this.objectId = mongoObjectFinal._id == null ? new ObjectID() : mongoObjectFinal._id;
+  this.chunkNumber = mongoObjectFinal.n == null ? 0 : mongoObjectFinal.n;
+  this.data = new Binary();
+
+  if (typeof mongoObjectFinal.data === 'string') {
+    var buffer = Buffer.alloc(mongoObjectFinal.data.length);
+    buffer.write(mongoObjectFinal.data, 0, mongoObjectFinal.data.length, 'binary');
+    this.data = new Binary(buffer);
+  } else if (Array.isArray(mongoObjectFinal.data)) {
+    buffer = Buffer.alloc(mongoObjectFinal.data.length);
+    var data = mongoObjectFinal.data.join('');
+    buffer.write(data, 0, data.length, 'binary');
+    this.data = new Binary(buffer);
+  } else if (mongoObjectFinal.data && mongoObjectFinal.data._bsontype === 'Binary') {
+    this.data = mongoObjectFinal.data;
+  } else if (!Buffer.isBuffer(mongoObjectFinal.data) && !(mongoObjectFinal.data == null)) {
+    throw Error('Illegal chunk format');
+  }
+
+  // Update position
+  this.internalPosition = 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a data to this object and advance the read/write head.
+ *
+ * @param data {string} the data to write
+ * @param callback {function(*, GridStore)} This will be called after executing
+ *     this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one
+ *     will contain a reference to this object.
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.write = function(data, callback) {
+  this.data.write(data, this.internalPosition, data.length, 'binary');
+  this.internalPosition = this.data.length();
+  if (callback != null) return callback(null, this);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reads data and advances the read/write head.
+ *
+ * @param length {number} The length of data to read.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The data read if the given length will not exceed the end of
+ *     the chunk. Returns an empty String otherwise.
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.read = function(length) {
+  // Default to full read if no index defined
+  length = length == null || length === 0 ? this.length() : length;
+
+  if (this.length() - this.internalPosition + 1 >= length) {
+    var data = this.data.read(this.internalPosition, length);
+    this.internalPosition = this.internalPosition + length;
+    return data;
+  } else {
+    return '';
+  }
+};
+
+Chunk.prototype.readSlice = function(length) {
+  if (this.length() - this.internalPosition >= length) {
+    var data = null;
+    if (this.data.buffer != null) {
+      //Pure BSON
+      data = this.data.buffer.slice(this.internalPosition, this.internalPosition + length);
+    } else {
+      //Native BSON
+      data = Buffer.alloc(length);
+      length = this.data.readInto(data, this.internalPosition);
+    }
+    this.internalPosition = this.internalPosition + length;
+    return data;
+  } else {
+    return null;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the read/write head is at the end.
+ *
+ * @return {boolean} Whether the read/write head has reached the end of this
+ *     chunk.
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.eof = function() {
+  return this.internalPosition === this.length() ? true : false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reads one character from the data of this chunk and advances the read/write
+ * head.
+ *
+ * @return {string} a single character data read if the the read/write head is
+ *     not at the end of the chunk. Returns an empty String otherwise.
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.getc = function() {
+  return this.read(1);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Clears the contents of the data in this chunk and resets the read/write head
+ * to the initial position.
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.rewind = function() {
+  this.internalPosition = 0;
+  this.data = new Binary();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Saves this chunk to the database. Also overwrites existing entries having the
+ * same id as this chunk.
+ *
+ * @param callback {function(*, GridStore)} This will be called after executing
+ *     this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one
+ *     will contain a reference to this object.
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.save = function(options, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  self.file.chunkCollection(function(err, collection) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    // Merge the options
+    var writeOptions = { upsert: true };
+    for (var name in options) writeOptions[name] = options[name];
+    for (name in self.writeConcern) writeOptions[name] = self.writeConcern[name];
+
+    if (self.data.length() > 0) {
+      self.buildMongoObject(function(mongoObject) {
+        var options = { forceServerObjectId: true };
+        for (var name in self.writeConcern) {
+          options[name] = self.writeConcern[name];
+        }
+
+        collection.replaceOne({ _id: self.objectId }, mongoObject, writeOptions, function(err) {
+          callback(err, self);
+        });
+      });
+    } else {
+      callback(null, self);
+    }
+    // });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mongoDB object representation of this chunk.
+ *
+ * @param callback {function(Object)} This will be called after executing this
+ *     method. The object will be passed to the first parameter and will have
+ *     the structure:
+ *
+ *        <pre><code>
+ *        {
+ *          '_id' : , // {number} id for this chunk
+ *          'files_id' : , // {number} foreign key to the file collection
+ *          'n' : , // {number} chunk number
+ *          'data' : , // {bson#Binary} the chunk data itself
+ *        }
+ *        </code></pre>
+ *
+ * @see <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification#GridFSSpecification-{{chunks}}">MongoDB GridFS Chunk Object Structure</a>
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.buildMongoObject = function(callback) {
+  var mongoObject = {
+    files_id: this.file.fileId,
+    n: this.chunkNumber,
+    data: this.data
+  };
+  // If we are saving using a specific ObjectId
+  if (this.objectId != null) mongoObject._id = this.objectId;
+
+  callback(mongoObject);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @return {number} the length of the data
+ */
+Chunk.prototype.length = function() {
+  return this.data.length();
+};
+
+/**
+ * The position of the read/write head
+ * @name position
+ * @lends Chunk#
+ * @field
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(Chunk.prototype, 'position', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.internalPosition;
+  },
+  set: function(value) {
+    this.internalPosition = value;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The default chunk size
+ * @constant
+ */
+Chunk.DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 255;
+
+module.exports = Chunk;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs/grid_store.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs/grid_store.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f229a037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/gridfs/grid_store.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1925 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview GridFS is a tool for MongoDB to store files to the database.
+ * Because of the restrictions of the object size the database can hold, a
+ * facility to split a file into several chunks is needed. The {@link GridStore}
+ * class offers a simplified api to interact with files while managing the
+ * chunks of split files behind the scenes. More information about GridFS can be
+ * found <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS">here</a>.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const GridStore = require('mongodb').GridStore;
+ * const ObjectID = require('mongodb').ObjectID;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   const db = client.db(dbName);
+ *   const gridStore = new GridStore(db, null, "w");
+ *   gridStore.open(function(err, gridStore) {
+ *     gridStore.write("hello world!", function(err, gridStore) {
+ *       gridStore.close(function(err, result) {
+ *         // Let's read the file using object Id
+ *         GridStore.read(db, result._id, function(err, data) {
+ *           test.equal('hello world!', data);
+ *           client.close();
+ *           test.done();
+ *         });
+ *       });
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * });
+ */
+const Chunk = require('./chunk');
+const ObjectID = require('../core').BSON.ObjectID;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+const fs = require('fs');
+const f = require('util').format;
+const util = require('util');
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const inherits = util.inherits;
+const Duplex = require('stream').Duplex;
+const shallowClone = require('../utils').shallowClone;
+const executeLegacyOperation = require('../utils').executeLegacyOperation;
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+
+var REFERENCE_BY_FILENAME = 0,
+  REFERENCE_BY_ID = 1;
+
+const deprecationFn = deprecate(() => {},
+'GridStore is deprecated, and will be removed in a future version. Please use GridFSBucket instead');
+
+/**
+ * Namespace provided by the core module
+ * @external Duplex
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create a new GridStore instance
+ *
+ * Modes
+ *  - **"r"** - read only. This is the default mode.
+ *  - **"w"** - write in truncate mode. Existing data will be overwritten.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @param {Db} db A database instance to interact with.
+ * @param {object} [id] optional unique id for this file
+ * @param {string} [filename] optional filename for this file, no unique constrain on the field
+ * @param {string} mode set the mode for this file.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.j=false] **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.fsync=false] **Deprecated** Specify a file sync write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @param {string} [options.root] Root collection to use. Defaults to **{GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION}**.
+ * @param {string} [options.content_type] MIME type of the file. Defaults to **{GridStore.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE}**.
+ * @param {number} [options.chunk_size=261120] Size for the chunk. Defaults to **{Chunk.DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE}**.
+ * @param {object} [options.metadata] Arbitrary data the user wants to store.
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @property {number} chunkSize Get the gridstore chunk size.
+ * @property {number} md5 The md5 checksum for this file.
+ * @property {number} chunkNumber The current chunk number the gridstore has materialized into memory
+ * @return {GridStore} a GridStore instance.
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+var GridStore = function GridStore(db, id, filename, mode, options) {
+  deprecationFn();
+  if (!(this instanceof GridStore)) return new GridStore(db, id, filename, mode, options);
+  this.db = db;
+
+  // Handle options
+  if (typeof options === 'undefined') options = {};
+  // Handle mode
+  if (typeof mode === 'undefined') {
+    mode = filename;
+    filename = undefined;
+  } else if (typeof mode === 'object') {
+    options = mode;
+    mode = filename;
+    filename = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (id && id._bsontype === 'ObjectID') {
+    this.referenceBy = REFERENCE_BY_ID;
+    this.fileId = id;
+    this.filename = filename;
+  } else if (typeof filename === 'undefined') {
+    this.referenceBy = REFERENCE_BY_FILENAME;
+    this.filename = id;
+    if (mode.indexOf('w') != null) {
+      this.fileId = new ObjectID();
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.referenceBy = REFERENCE_BY_ID;
+    this.fileId = id;
+    this.filename = filename;
+  }
+
+  // Set up the rest
+  this.mode = mode == null ? 'r' : mode;
+  this.options = options || {};
+
+  // Opened
+  this.isOpen = false;
+
+  // Set the root if overridden
+  this.root =
+    this.options['root'] == null ? GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION : this.options['root'];
+  this.position = 0;
+  this.readPreference =
+    this.options.readPreference || db.options.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+  this.writeConcern = _getWriteConcern(db, this.options);
+  // Set default chunk size
+  this.internalChunkSize =
+    this.options['chunkSize'] == null ? Chunk.DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE : this.options['chunkSize'];
+
+  // Get the promiseLibrary
+  var promiseLibrary = this.options.promiseLibrary || Promise;
+
+  // Set the promiseLibrary
+  this.promiseLibrary = promiseLibrary;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'chunkSize', {
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: function() {
+      return this.internalChunkSize;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      if (!(this.mode[0] === 'w' && this.position === 0 && this.uploadDate == null)) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-assign
+        this.internalChunkSize = this.internalChunkSize;
+      } else {
+        this.internalChunkSize = value;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'md5', {
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: function() {
+      return this.internalMd5;
+    }
+  });
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'chunkNumber', {
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: function() {
+      return this.currentChunk && this.currentChunk.chunkNumber
+        ? this.currentChunk.chunkNumber
+        : null;
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for the Gridstore.open method
+ * @callback GridStore~openCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {GridStore} gridStore The GridStore instance if the open method was successful.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Opens the file from the database and initialize this object. Also creates a
+ * new one if file does not exist.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~openCallback} [callback] this will be called after executing this method
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.open = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  if (this.mode !== 'w' && this.mode !== 'w+' && this.mode !== 'r') {
+    throw MongoError.create({ message: 'Illegal mode ' + this.mode, driver: true });
+  }
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.db.s.topology, open, [this, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var open = function(self, options, callback) {
+  // Get the write concern
+  var writeConcern = _getWriteConcern(self.db, self.options);
+
+  // If we are writing we need to ensure we have the right indexes for md5's
+  if (self.mode === 'w' || self.mode === 'w+') {
+    // Get files collection
+    var collection = self.collection();
+    // Put index on filename
+    collection.ensureIndex([['filename', 1]], writeConcern, function() {
+      // Get chunk collection
+      var chunkCollection = self.chunkCollection();
+      // Make an unique index for compatibility with mongo-cxx-driver:legacy
+      var chunkIndexOptions = shallowClone(writeConcern);
+      chunkIndexOptions.unique = true;
+      // Ensure index on chunk collection
+      chunkCollection.ensureIndex(
+        [
+          ['files_id', 1],
+          ['n', 1]
+        ],
+        chunkIndexOptions,
+        function() {
+          // Open the connection
+          _open(self, writeConcern, function(err, r) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            self.isOpen = true;
+            callback(err, r);
+          });
+        }
+      );
+    });
+  } else {
+    // Open the gridstore
+    _open(self, writeConcern, function(err, r) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      self.isOpen = true;
+      callback(err, r);
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Verify if the file is at EOF.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {boolean} true if the read/write head is at the end of this file.
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.eof = function() {
+  return this.position === this.length ? true : false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The callback result format.
+ * @callback GridStore~resultCallback
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {object} result The result from the callback.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves a single character from this file.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] this gets called after this method is executed. Passes null to the first parameter and the character read to the second or null to the second if the read/write head is at the end of the file.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.getc = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.db.s.topology, getc, [this, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var getc = function(self, options, callback) {
+  if (self.eof()) {
+    callback(null, null);
+  } else if (self.currentChunk.eof()) {
+    nthChunk(self, self.currentChunk.chunkNumber + 1, function(err, chunk) {
+      self.currentChunk = chunk;
+      self.position = self.position + 1;
+      callback(err, self.currentChunk.getc());
+    });
+  } else {
+    self.position = self.position + 1;
+    callback(null, self.currentChunk.getc());
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a string to the file with a newline character appended at the end if
+ * the given string does not have one.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} string the string to write.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] this will be called after executing this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one will contain a reference to this object.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.puts = function(string, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  var finalString = string.match(/\n$/) == null ? string + '\n' : string;
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    this.db.s.topology,
+    this.write.bind(this),
+    [finalString, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return a modified Readable stream including a possible transform method.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @return {GridStoreStream}
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.stream = function() {
+  return new GridStoreStream(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes some data. This method will work properly only if initialized with mode "w" or "w+".
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {(string|Buffer)} data the data to write.
+ * @param {boolean} [close] closes this file after writing if set to true.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] this will be called after executing this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one will contain a reference to this object.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.write = function write(data, close, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    this.db.s.topology,
+    _writeNormal,
+    [this, data, close, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles the destroy part of a stream
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @result {null}
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.destroy = function destroy() {
+  // close and do not emit any more events. queued data is not sent.
+  if (!this.writable) return;
+  this.readable = false;
+  if (this.writable) {
+    this.writable = false;
+    this._q.length = 0;
+    this.emit('close');
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Stores a file from the file system to the GridFS database.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {(string|Buffer|FileHandle)} file the file to store.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] this will be called after executing this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one will contain a reference to this object.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.writeFile = function(file, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.db.s.topology, writeFile, [this, file, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var writeFile = function(self, file, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof file === 'string') {
+    fs.open(file, 'r', function(err, fd) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      self.writeFile(fd, callback);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  self.open(function(err, self) {
+    if (err) return callback(err, self);
+
+    fs.fstat(file, function(err, stats) {
+      if (err) return callback(err, self);
+
+      var offset = 0;
+      var index = 0;
+
+      // Write a chunk
+      var writeChunk = function() {
+        // Allocate the buffer
+        var _buffer = Buffer.alloc(self.chunkSize);
+        // Read the file
+        fs.read(file, _buffer, 0, _buffer.length, offset, function(err, bytesRead, data) {
+          if (err) return callback(err, self);
+
+          offset = offset + bytesRead;
+
+          // Create a new chunk for the data
+          var chunk = new Chunk(self, { n: index++ }, self.writeConcern);
+          chunk.write(data.slice(0, bytesRead), function(err, chunk) {
+            if (err) return callback(err, self);
+
+            chunk.save({}, function(err) {
+              if (err) return callback(err, self);
+
+              self.position = self.position + bytesRead;
+
+              // Point to current chunk
+              self.currentChunk = chunk;
+
+              if (offset >= stats.size) {
+                fs.close(file, function(err) {
+                  if (err) return callback(err);
+
+                  self.close(function(err) {
+                    if (err) return callback(err, self);
+                    return callback(null, self);
+                  });
+                });
+              } else {
+                return process.nextTick(writeChunk);
+              }
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      };
+
+      // Process the first write
+      process.nextTick(writeChunk);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Saves this file to the database. This will overwrite the old entry if it
+ * already exists. This will work properly only if mode was initialized to
+ * "w" or "w+".
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] this will be called after executing this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one will contain a reference to this object.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.close = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.db.s.topology, close, [this, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var close = function(self, options, callback) {
+  if (self.mode[0] === 'w') {
+    // Set up options
+    options = Object.assign({}, self.writeConcern, options);
+
+    if (self.currentChunk != null && self.currentChunk.position > 0) {
+      self.currentChunk.save({}, function(err) {
+        if (err && typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err);
+
+        self.collection(function(err, files) {
+          if (err && typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err);
+
+          // Build the mongo object
+          if (self.uploadDate != null) {
+            buildMongoObject(self, function(err, mongoObject) {
+              if (err) {
+                if (typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err);
+                else throw err;
+              }
+
+              files.save(mongoObject, options, function(err) {
+                if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(err, mongoObject);
+              });
+            });
+          } else {
+            self.uploadDate = new Date();
+            buildMongoObject(self, function(err, mongoObject) {
+              if (err) {
+                if (typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err);
+                else throw err;
+              }
+
+              files.save(mongoObject, options, function(err) {
+                if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(err, mongoObject);
+              });
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      });
+    } else {
+      self.collection(function(err, files) {
+        if (err && typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err);
+
+        self.uploadDate = new Date();
+        buildMongoObject(self, function(err, mongoObject) {
+          if (err) {
+            if (typeof callback === 'function') return callback(err);
+            else throw err;
+          }
+
+          files.save(mongoObject, options, function(err) {
+            if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(err, mongoObject);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  } else if (self.mode[0] === 'r') {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, null);
+  } else {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function')
+      callback(MongoError.create({ message: f('Illegal mode %s', self.mode), driver: true }));
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * The collection callback format.
+ * @callback GridStore~collectionCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Collection} collection The collection from the command execution.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve this file's chunks collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {GridStore~collectionCallback} callback the command callback.
+ * @return {Collection}
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.chunkCollection = function(callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') return this.db.collection(this.root + '.chunks', callback);
+  return this.db.collection(this.root + '.chunks');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes all the chunks of this file in the database.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.unlink = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.db.s.topology, unlink, [this, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var unlink = function(self, options, callback) {
+  deleteChunks(self, function(err) {
+    if (err !== null) {
+      err.message = 'at deleteChunks: ' + err.message;
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    self.collection(function(err, collection) {
+      if (err !== null) {
+        err.message = 'at collection: ' + err.message;
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      collection.remove({ _id: self.fileId }, self.writeConcern, function(err) {
+        callback(err, self);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the file collection associated with this object.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {GridStore~collectionCallback} callback the command callback.
+ * @return {Collection}
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.collection = function(callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') this.db.collection(this.root + '.files', callback);
+  return this.db.collection(this.root + '.files');
+};
+
+/**
+ * The readlines callback format.
+ * @callback GridStore~readlinesCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {string[]} strings The array of strings returned.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Read the entire file as a list of strings splitting by the provided separator.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} [separator] The character to be recognized as the newline separator.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~readlinesCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.readlines = function(separator, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  separator = args.length ? args.shift() : '\n';
+  separator = separator || '\n';
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    this.db.s.topology,
+    readlines,
+    [this, separator, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+var readlines = function(self, separator, options, callback) {
+  self.read(function(err, data) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    var items = data.toString().split(separator);
+    items = items.length > 0 ? items.splice(0, items.length - 1) : [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+      items[i] = items[i] + separator;
+    }
+
+    callback(null, items);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes all the chunks of this file in the database if mode was set to "w" or
+ * "w+" and resets the read/write head to the initial position.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] this will be called after executing this method. The first parameter will contain null and the second one will contain a reference to this object.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.rewind = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(this.db.s.topology, rewind, [this, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var rewind = function(self, options, callback) {
+  if (self.currentChunk.chunkNumber !== 0) {
+    if (self.mode[0] === 'w') {
+      deleteChunks(self, function(err) {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+        self.currentChunk = new Chunk(self, { n: 0 }, self.writeConcern);
+        self.position = 0;
+        callback(null, self);
+      });
+    } else {
+      self.currentChunk(0, function(err, chunk) {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+        self.currentChunk = chunk;
+        self.currentChunk.rewind();
+        self.position = 0;
+        callback(null, self);
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    self.currentChunk.rewind();
+    self.position = 0;
+    callback(null, self);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * The read callback format.
+ * @callback GridStore~readCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {Buffer} data The data read from the GridStore object
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the contents of this file and advances the read/write head. Works with Buffers only.
+ *
+ * There are 3 signatures for this method:
+ *
+ * (callback)
+ * (length, callback)
+ * (length, buffer, callback)
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} [length] the number of characters to read. Reads all the characters from the read/write head to the EOF if not specified.
+ * @param {(string|Buffer)} [buffer] a string to hold temporary data. This is used for storing the string data read so far when recursively calling this method.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~readCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.read = function(length, buffer, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  length = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  buffer = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    this.db.s.topology,
+    read,
+    [this, length, buffer, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+var read = function(self, length, buffer, options, callback) {
+  // The data is a c-terminated string and thus the length - 1
+  var finalLength = length == null ? self.length - self.position : length;
+  var finalBuffer = buffer == null ? Buffer.alloc(finalLength) : buffer;
+  // Add a index to buffer to keep track of writing position or apply current index
+  finalBuffer._index = buffer != null && buffer._index != null ? buffer._index : 0;
+
+  if (self.currentChunk.length() - self.currentChunk.position + finalBuffer._index >= finalLength) {
+    var slice = self.currentChunk.readSlice(finalLength - finalBuffer._index);
+    // Copy content to final buffer
+    slice.copy(finalBuffer, finalBuffer._index);
+    // Update internal position
+    self.position = self.position + finalBuffer.length;
+    // Check if we don't have a file at all
+    if (finalLength === 0 && finalBuffer.length === 0)
+      return callback(MongoError.create({ message: 'File does not exist', driver: true }), null);
+    // Else return data
+    return callback(null, finalBuffer);
+  }
+
+  // Read the next chunk
+  slice = self.currentChunk.readSlice(self.currentChunk.length() - self.currentChunk.position);
+  // Copy content to final buffer
+  slice.copy(finalBuffer, finalBuffer._index);
+  // Update index position
+  finalBuffer._index += slice.length;
+
+  // Load next chunk and read more
+  nthChunk(self, self.currentChunk.chunkNumber + 1, function(err, chunk) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    if (chunk.length() > 0) {
+      self.currentChunk = chunk;
+      self.read(length, finalBuffer, callback);
+    } else {
+      if (finalBuffer._index > 0) {
+        callback(null, finalBuffer);
+      } else {
+        callback(
+          MongoError.create({
+            message: 'no chunks found for file, possibly corrupt',
+            driver: true
+          }),
+          null
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * The tell callback format.
+ * @callback GridStore~tellCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {number} position The current read position in the GridStore.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the position of the read/write head of this file.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} [length] the number of characters to read. Reads all the characters from the read/write head to the EOF if not specified.
+ * @param {(string|Buffer)} [buffer] a string to hold temporary data. This is used for storing the string data read so far when recursively calling this method.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~tellCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.tell = function(callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  // We provided a callback leg
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') return callback(null, this.position);
+  // Return promise
+  return new self.promiseLibrary(function(resolve) {
+    resolve(self.position);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * The tell callback format.
+ * @callback GridStore~gridStoreCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {GridStore} gridStore The gridStore.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Moves the read/write head to a new location.
+ *
+ * There are 3 signatures for this method
+ *
+ * Seek Location Modes
+ *  - **GridStore.IO_SEEK_SET**, **(default)** set the position from the start of the file.
+ *  - **GridStore.IO_SEEK_CUR**, set the position from the current position in the file.
+ *  - **GridStore.IO_SEEK_END**, set the position from the end of the file.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {number} [position] the position to seek to
+ * @param {number} [seekLocation] seek mode. Use one of the Seek Location modes.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~gridStoreCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.prototype.seek = function(position, seekLocation, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  seekLocation = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    this.db.s.topology,
+    seek,
+    [this, position, seekLocation, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+var seek = function(self, position, seekLocation, options, callback) {
+  // Seek only supports read mode
+  if (self.mode !== 'r') {
+    return callback(
+      MongoError.create({ message: 'seek is only supported for mode r', driver: true })
+    );
+  }
+
+  var seekLocationFinal = seekLocation == null ? GridStore.IO_SEEK_SET : seekLocation;
+  var finalPosition = position;
+  var targetPosition = 0;
+
+  // Calculate the position
+  if (seekLocationFinal === GridStore.IO_SEEK_CUR) {
+    targetPosition = self.position + finalPosition;
+  } else if (seekLocationFinal === GridStore.IO_SEEK_END) {
+    targetPosition = self.length + finalPosition;
+  } else {
+    targetPosition = finalPosition;
+  }
+
+  // Get the chunk
+  var newChunkNumber = Math.floor(targetPosition / self.chunkSize);
+  var seekChunk = function() {
+    nthChunk(self, newChunkNumber, function(err, chunk) {
+      if (err) return callback(err, null);
+      if (chunk == null) return callback(new Error('no chunk found'));
+
+      // Set the current chunk
+      self.currentChunk = chunk;
+      self.position = targetPosition;
+      self.currentChunk.position = self.position % self.chunkSize;
+      callback(err, self);
+    });
+  };
+
+  seekChunk();
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var _open = function(self, options, callback) {
+  var collection = self.collection();
+  // Create the query
+  var query =
+    self.referenceBy === REFERENCE_BY_ID ? { _id: self.fileId } : { filename: self.filename };
+  query = null == self.fileId && self.filename == null ? null : query;
+  options.readPreference = self.readPreference;
+
+  // Fetch the chunks
+  if (query != null) {
+    collection.findOne(query, options, function(err, doc) {
+      if (err) {
+        return error(err);
+      }
+
+      // Check if the collection for the files exists otherwise prepare the new one
+      if (doc != null) {
+        self.fileId = doc._id;
+        // Prefer a new filename over the existing one if this is a write
+        self.filename =
+          self.mode === 'r' || self.filename === undefined ? doc.filename : self.filename;
+        self.contentType = doc.contentType;
+        self.internalChunkSize = doc.chunkSize;
+        self.uploadDate = doc.uploadDate;
+        self.aliases = doc.aliases;
+        self.length = doc.length;
+        self.metadata = doc.metadata;
+        self.internalMd5 = doc.md5;
+      } else if (self.mode !== 'r') {
+        self.fileId = self.fileId == null ? new ObjectID() : self.fileId;
+        self.contentType = GridStore.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE;
+        self.internalChunkSize =
+          self.internalChunkSize == null ? Chunk.DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE : self.internalChunkSize;
+        self.length = 0;
+      } else {
+        self.length = 0;
+        var txtId = self.fileId._bsontype === 'ObjectID' ? self.fileId.toHexString() : self.fileId;
+        return error(
+          MongoError.create({
+            message: f(
+              'file with id %s not opened for writing',
+              self.referenceBy === REFERENCE_BY_ID ? txtId : self.filename
+            ),
+            driver: true
+          }),
+          self
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Process the mode of the object
+      if (self.mode === 'r') {
+        nthChunk(self, 0, options, function(err, chunk) {
+          if (err) return error(err);
+          self.currentChunk = chunk;
+          self.position = 0;
+          callback(null, self);
+        });
+      } else if (self.mode === 'w' && doc) {
+        // Delete any existing chunks
+        deleteChunks(self, options, function(err) {
+          if (err) return error(err);
+          self.currentChunk = new Chunk(self, { n: 0 }, self.writeConcern);
+          self.contentType =
+            self.options['content_type'] == null ? self.contentType : self.options['content_type'];
+          self.internalChunkSize =
+            self.options['chunk_size'] == null
+              ? self.internalChunkSize
+              : self.options['chunk_size'];
+          self.metadata =
+            self.options['metadata'] == null ? self.metadata : self.options['metadata'];
+          self.aliases = self.options['aliases'] == null ? self.aliases : self.options['aliases'];
+          self.position = 0;
+          callback(null, self);
+        });
+      } else if (self.mode === 'w') {
+        self.currentChunk = new Chunk(self, { n: 0 }, self.writeConcern);
+        self.contentType =
+          self.options['content_type'] == null ? self.contentType : self.options['content_type'];
+        self.internalChunkSize =
+          self.options['chunk_size'] == null ? self.internalChunkSize : self.options['chunk_size'];
+        self.metadata = self.options['metadata'] == null ? self.metadata : self.options['metadata'];
+        self.aliases = self.options['aliases'] == null ? self.aliases : self.options['aliases'];
+        self.position = 0;
+        callback(null, self);
+      } else if (self.mode === 'w+') {
+        nthChunk(self, lastChunkNumber(self), options, function(err, chunk) {
+          if (err) return error(err);
+          // Set the current chunk
+          self.currentChunk = chunk == null ? new Chunk(self, { n: 0 }, self.writeConcern) : chunk;
+          self.currentChunk.position = self.currentChunk.data.length();
+          self.metadata =
+            self.options['metadata'] == null ? self.metadata : self.options['metadata'];
+          self.aliases = self.options['aliases'] == null ? self.aliases : self.options['aliases'];
+          self.position = self.length;
+          callback(null, self);
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  } else {
+    // Write only mode
+    self.fileId = null == self.fileId ? new ObjectID() : self.fileId;
+    self.contentType = GridStore.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE;
+    self.internalChunkSize =
+      self.internalChunkSize == null ? Chunk.DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE : self.internalChunkSize;
+    self.length = 0;
+
+    // No file exists set up write mode
+    if (self.mode === 'w') {
+      // Delete any existing chunks
+      deleteChunks(self, options, function(err) {
+        if (err) return error(err);
+        self.currentChunk = new Chunk(self, { n: 0 }, self.writeConcern);
+        self.contentType =
+          self.options['content_type'] == null ? self.contentType : self.options['content_type'];
+        self.internalChunkSize =
+          self.options['chunk_size'] == null ? self.internalChunkSize : self.options['chunk_size'];
+        self.metadata = self.options['metadata'] == null ? self.metadata : self.options['metadata'];
+        self.aliases = self.options['aliases'] == null ? self.aliases : self.options['aliases'];
+        self.position = 0;
+        callback(null, self);
+      });
+    } else if (self.mode === 'w+') {
+      nthChunk(self, lastChunkNumber(self), options, function(err, chunk) {
+        if (err) return error(err);
+        // Set the current chunk
+        self.currentChunk = chunk == null ? new Chunk(self, { n: 0 }, self.writeConcern) : chunk;
+        self.currentChunk.position = self.currentChunk.data.length();
+        self.metadata = self.options['metadata'] == null ? self.metadata : self.options['metadata'];
+        self.aliases = self.options['aliases'] == null ? self.aliases : self.options['aliases'];
+        self.position = self.length;
+        callback(null, self);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // only pass error to callback once
+  function error(err) {
+    if (error.err) return;
+    callback((error.err = err));
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var writeBuffer = function(self, buffer, close, callback) {
+  if (typeof close === 'function') {
+    callback = close;
+    close = null;
+  }
+  var finalClose = typeof close === 'boolean' ? close : false;
+
+  if (self.mode !== 'w') {
+    callback(
+      MongoError.create({
+        message: f(
+          'file with id %s not opened for writing',
+          self.referenceBy === REFERENCE_BY_ID ? self.referenceBy : self.filename
+        ),
+        driver: true
+      }),
+      null
+    );
+  } else {
+    if (self.currentChunk.position + buffer.length >= self.chunkSize) {
+      // Write out the current Chunk and then keep writing until we have less data left than a chunkSize left
+      // to a new chunk (recursively)
+      var previousChunkNumber = self.currentChunk.chunkNumber;
+      var leftOverDataSize = self.chunkSize - self.currentChunk.position;
+      var firstChunkData = buffer.slice(0, leftOverDataSize);
+      var leftOverData = buffer.slice(leftOverDataSize);
+      // A list of chunks to write out
+      var chunksToWrite = [self.currentChunk.write(firstChunkData)];
+      // If we have more data left than the chunk size let's keep writing new chunks
+      while (leftOverData.length >= self.chunkSize) {
+        // Create a new chunk and write to it
+        var newChunk = new Chunk(self, { n: previousChunkNumber + 1 }, self.writeConcern);
+        firstChunkData = leftOverData.slice(0, self.chunkSize);
+        leftOverData = leftOverData.slice(self.chunkSize);
+        // Update chunk number
+        previousChunkNumber = previousChunkNumber + 1;
+        // Write data
+        newChunk.write(firstChunkData);
+        // Push chunk to save list
+        chunksToWrite.push(newChunk);
+      }
+
+      // Set current chunk with remaining data
+      self.currentChunk = new Chunk(self, { n: previousChunkNumber + 1 }, self.writeConcern);
+      // If we have left over data write it
+      if (leftOverData.length > 0) self.currentChunk.write(leftOverData);
+
+      // Update the position for the gridstore
+      self.position = self.position + buffer.length;
+      // Total number of chunks to write
+      var numberOfChunksToWrite = chunksToWrite.length;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < chunksToWrite.length; i++) {
+        chunksToWrite[i].save({}, function(err) {
+          if (err) return callback(err);
+
+          numberOfChunksToWrite = numberOfChunksToWrite - 1;
+
+          if (numberOfChunksToWrite <= 0) {
+            // We care closing the file before returning
+            if (finalClose) {
+              return self.close(function(err) {
+                callback(err, self);
+              });
+            }
+
+            // Return normally
+            return callback(null, self);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Update the position for the gridstore
+      self.position = self.position + buffer.length;
+      // We have less data than the chunk size just write it and callback
+      self.currentChunk.write(buffer);
+      // We care closing the file before returning
+      if (finalClose) {
+        return self.close(function(err) {
+          callback(err, self);
+        });
+      }
+      // Return normally
+      return callback(null, self);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mongoDB object representation of this object.
+ *
+ *        <pre><code>
+ *        {
+ *          '_id' : , // {number} id for this file
+ *          'filename' : , // {string} name for this file
+ *          'contentType' : , // {string} mime type for this file
+ *          'length' : , // {number} size of this file?
+ *          'chunksize' : , // {number} chunk size used by this file
+ *          'uploadDate' : , // {Date}
+ *          'aliases' : , // {array of string}
+ *          'metadata' : , // {string}
+ *        }
+ *        </code></pre>
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var buildMongoObject = function(self, callback) {
+  // Calcuate the length
+  var mongoObject = {
+    _id: self.fileId,
+    filename: self.filename,
+    contentType: self.contentType,
+    length: self.position ? self.position : 0,
+    chunkSize: self.chunkSize,
+    uploadDate: self.uploadDate,
+    aliases: self.aliases,
+    metadata: self.metadata
+  };
+
+  var md5Command = { filemd5: self.fileId, root: self.root };
+  self.db.command(md5Command, function(err, results) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    mongoObject.md5 = results.md5;
+    callback(null, mongoObject);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the nth chunk of this file.
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var nthChunk = function(self, chunkNumber, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = options || self.writeConcern;
+  options.readPreference = self.readPreference;
+  // Get the nth chunk
+  self
+    .chunkCollection()
+    .findOne({ files_id: self.fileId, n: chunkNumber }, options, function(err, chunk) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+
+      var finalChunk = chunk == null ? {} : chunk;
+      callback(null, new Chunk(self, finalChunk, self.writeConcern));
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var lastChunkNumber = function(self) {
+  return Math.floor((self.length ? self.length - 1 : 0) / self.chunkSize);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes all the chunks of this file in the database.
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var deleteChunks = function(self, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  options = options || self.writeConcern;
+
+  if (self.fileId != null) {
+    self.chunkCollection().remove({ files_id: self.fileId }, options, function(err) {
+      if (err) return callback(err, false);
+      callback(null, true);
+    });
+  } else {
+    callback(null, true);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * The collection to be used for holding the files and chunks collection.
+ *
+ * @classconstant DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION
+ */
+GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION = 'fs';
+
+/**
+ * Default file mime type
+ *
+ * @classconstant DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE
+ */
+GridStore.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = 'binary/octet-stream';
+
+/**
+ * Seek mode where the given length is absolute.
+ *
+ * @classconstant IO_SEEK_SET
+ */
+GridStore.IO_SEEK_SET = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Seek mode where the given length is an offset to the current read/write head.
+ *
+ * @classconstant IO_SEEK_CUR
+ */
+GridStore.IO_SEEK_CUR = 1;
+
+/**
+ * Seek mode where the given length is an offset to the end of the file.
+ *
+ * @classconstant IO_SEEK_END
+ */
+GridStore.IO_SEEK_END = 2;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a file exists in the database.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @static
+ * @param {Db} db the database to query.
+ * @param {string} name The name of the file to look for.
+ * @param {string} [rootCollection] The root collection that holds the files and chunks collection. Defaults to **{GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION}**.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] result from exists.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.exist = function(db, fileIdObject, rootCollection, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  rootCollection = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    db.s.topology,
+    exists,
+    [db, fileIdObject, rootCollection, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+var exists = function(db, fileIdObject, rootCollection, options, callback) {
+  // Establish read preference
+  var readPreference = options.readPreference || ReadPreference.PRIMARY;
+  // Fetch collection
+  var rootCollectionFinal =
+    rootCollection != null ? rootCollection : GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION;
+  db.collection(rootCollectionFinal + '.files', function(err, collection) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    // Build query
+    var query =
+      typeof fileIdObject === 'string' ||
+      Object.prototype.toString.call(fileIdObject) === '[object RegExp]'
+        ? { filename: fileIdObject }
+        : { _id: fileIdObject }; // Attempt to locate file
+
+    // We have a specific query
+    if (
+      fileIdObject != null &&
+      typeof fileIdObject === 'object' &&
+      Object.prototype.toString.call(fileIdObject) !== '[object RegExp]'
+    ) {
+      query = fileIdObject;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the entry exists
+    collection.findOne(query, { readPreference: readPreference }, function(err, item) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      callback(null, item == null ? false : true);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the list of files stored in the GridFS.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @static
+ * @param {Db} db the database to query.
+ * @param {string} [rootCollection] The root collection that holds the files and chunks collection. Defaults to **{GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION}**.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] result from exists.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.list = function(db, rootCollection, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  rootCollection = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(db.s.topology, list, [db, rootCollection, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var list = function(db, rootCollection, options, callback) {
+  // Ensure we have correct values
+  if (rootCollection != null && typeof rootCollection === 'object') {
+    options = rootCollection;
+    rootCollection = null;
+  }
+
+  // Establish read preference
+  var readPreference = options.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+  // Check if we are returning by id not filename
+  var byId = options['id'] != null ? options['id'] : false;
+  // Fetch item
+  var rootCollectionFinal =
+    rootCollection != null ? rootCollection : GridStore.DEFAULT_ROOT_COLLECTION;
+  var items = [];
+  db.collection(rootCollectionFinal + '.files', function(err, collection) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    collection.find({}, { readPreference: readPreference }, function(err, cursor) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+
+      cursor.each(function(err, item) {
+        if (item != null) {
+          items.push(byId ? item._id : item.filename);
+        } else {
+          callback(err, items);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reads the contents of a file.
+ *
+ * This method has the following signatures
+ *
+ * (db, name, callback)
+ * (db, name, length, callback)
+ * (db, name, length, offset, callback)
+ * (db, name, length, offset, options, callback)
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @static
+ * @param {Db} db the database to query.
+ * @param {string} name The name of the file.
+ * @param {number} [length] The size of data to read.
+ * @param {number} [offset] The offset from the head of the file of which to start reading from.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~readCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.read = function(db, name, length, offset, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  length = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  offset = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    db.s.topology,
+    readStatic,
+    [db, name, length, offset, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+var readStatic = function(db, name, length, offset, options, callback) {
+  new GridStore(db, name, 'r', options).open(function(err, gridStore) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    // Make sure we are not reading out of bounds
+    if (offset && offset >= gridStore.length)
+      return callback('offset larger than size of file', null);
+    if (length && length > gridStore.length)
+      return callback('length is larger than the size of the file', null);
+    if (offset && length && offset + length > gridStore.length)
+      return callback('offset and length is larger than the size of the file', null);
+
+    if (offset != null) {
+      gridStore.seek(offset, function(err, gridStore) {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+        gridStore.read(length, callback);
+      });
+    } else {
+      gridStore.read(length, callback);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Read the entire file as a list of strings splitting by the provided separator.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @static
+ * @param {Db} db the database to query.
+ * @param {(String|object)} name the name of the file.
+ * @param {string} [separator] The character to be recognized as the newline separator.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {(ReadPreference|string)} [options.readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST).
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~readlinesCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.readlines = function(db, name, separator, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  separator = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(
+    db.s.topology,
+    readlinesStatic,
+    [db, name, separator, options, callback],
+    { skipSessions: true }
+  );
+};
+
+var readlinesStatic = function(db, name, separator, options, callback) {
+  var finalSeperator = separator == null ? '\n' : separator;
+  new GridStore(db, name, 'r', options).open(function(err, gridStore) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+    gridStore.readlines(finalSeperator, callback);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes the chunks and metadata information of a file from GridFS.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @static
+ * @param {Db} db The database to query.
+ * @param {(string|array)} names The name/names of the files to delete.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {object} [options.promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @param {GridStore~resultCallback} [callback] the command callback.
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+GridStore.unlink = function(db, names, options, callback) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : {};
+  options = options || {};
+
+  return executeLegacyOperation(db.s.topology, unlinkStatic, [this, db, names, options, callback], {
+    skipSessions: true
+  });
+};
+
+var unlinkStatic = function(self, db, names, options, callback) {
+  // Get the write concern
+  var writeConcern = _getWriteConcern(db, options);
+
+  // List of names
+  if (names.constructor === Array) {
+    var tc = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+      ++tc;
+      GridStore.unlink(db, names[i], options, function() {
+        if (--tc === 0) {
+          callback(null, self);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    new GridStore(db, names, 'w', options).open(function(err, gridStore) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      deleteChunks(gridStore, function(err) {
+        if (err) return callback(err);
+        gridStore.collection(function(err, collection) {
+          if (err) return callback(err);
+          collection.remove({ _id: gridStore.fileId }, writeConcern, function(err) {
+            callback(err, self);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ *  @ignore
+ */
+var _writeNormal = function(self, data, close, options, callback) {
+  // If we have a buffer write it using the writeBuffer method
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(data)) {
+    return writeBuffer(self, data, close, callback);
+  } else {
+    return writeBuffer(self, Buffer.from(data, 'binary'), close, callback);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var _setWriteConcernHash = function(options) {
+  const baseOptions = Object.assign(options, options.writeConcern);
+  var finalOptions = {};
+  if (baseOptions.w != null) finalOptions.w = baseOptions.w;
+  if (baseOptions.journal === true) finalOptions.j = baseOptions.journal;
+  if (baseOptions.j === true) finalOptions.j = baseOptions.j;
+  if (baseOptions.fsync === true) finalOptions.fsync = baseOptions.fsync;
+  if (baseOptions.wtimeout != null) finalOptions.wtimeout = baseOptions.wtimeout;
+  return finalOptions;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var _getWriteConcern = function(self, options) {
+  // Final options
+  var finalOptions = { w: 1 };
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Local options verification
+  if (
+    options.writeConcern != null ||
+    options.w != null ||
+    typeof options.j === 'boolean' ||
+    typeof options.journal === 'boolean' ||
+    typeof options.fsync === 'boolean'
+  ) {
+    finalOptions = _setWriteConcernHash(options);
+  } else if (options.safe != null && typeof options.safe === 'object') {
+    finalOptions = _setWriteConcernHash(options.safe);
+  } else if (typeof options.safe === 'boolean') {
+    finalOptions = { w: options.safe ? 1 : 0 };
+  } else if (
+    self.options.writeConcern != null ||
+    self.options.w != null ||
+    typeof self.options.j === 'boolean' ||
+    typeof self.options.journal === 'boolean' ||
+    typeof self.options.fsync === 'boolean'
+  ) {
+    finalOptions = _setWriteConcernHash(self.options);
+  } else if (
+    self.safe &&
+    (self.safe.w != null ||
+      typeof self.safe.j === 'boolean' ||
+      typeof self.safe.journal === 'boolean' ||
+      typeof self.safe.fsync === 'boolean')
+  ) {
+    finalOptions = _setWriteConcernHash(self.safe);
+  } else if (typeof self.safe === 'boolean') {
+    finalOptions = { w: self.safe ? 1 : 0 };
+  }
+
+  // Ensure we don't have an invalid combination of write concerns
+  if (
+    finalOptions.w < 1 &&
+    (finalOptions.journal === true || finalOptions.j === true || finalOptions.fsync === true)
+  )
+    throw MongoError.create({
+      message: 'No acknowledgement using w < 1 cannot be combined with journal:true or fsync:true',
+      driver: true
+    });
+
+  // Return the options
+  return finalOptions;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new GridStoreStream instance (INTERNAL TYPE, do not instantiate directly)
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @extends external:Duplex
+ * @return {GridStoreStream} a GridStoreStream instance.
+ * @deprecated Use GridFSBucket API instead
+ */
+var GridStoreStream = function(gs) {
+  // Initialize the duplex stream
+  Duplex.call(this);
+
+  // Get the gridstore
+  this.gs = gs;
+
+  // End called
+  this.endCalled = false;
+
+  // If we have a seek
+  this.totalBytesToRead = this.gs.length - this.gs.position;
+  this.seekPosition = this.gs.position;
+};
+
+//
+// Inherit duplex
+inherits(GridStoreStream, Duplex);
+
+GridStoreStream.prototype._pipe = GridStoreStream.prototype.pipe;
+
+// Set up override
+GridStoreStream.prototype.pipe = function(destination) {
+  var self = this;
+
+  // Only open gridstore if not already open
+  if (!self.gs.isOpen) {
+    self.gs.open(function(err) {
+      if (err) return self.emit('error', err);
+      self.totalBytesToRead = self.gs.length - self.gs.position;
+      self._pipe.apply(self, [destination]);
+    });
+  } else {
+    self.totalBytesToRead = self.gs.length - self.gs.position;
+    self._pipe.apply(self, [destination]);
+  }
+
+  return destination;
+};
+
+// Called by stream
+GridStoreStream.prototype._read = function() {
+  var self = this;
+
+  var read = function() {
+    // Read data
+    self.gs.read(length, function(err, buffer) {
+      if (err && !self.endCalled) return self.emit('error', err);
+
+      // Stream is closed
+      if (self.endCalled || buffer == null) return self.push(null);
+      // Remove bytes read
+      if (buffer.length <= self.totalBytesToRead) {
+        self.totalBytesToRead = self.totalBytesToRead - buffer.length;
+        self.push(buffer);
+      } else if (buffer.length > self.totalBytesToRead) {
+        self.totalBytesToRead = self.totalBytesToRead - buffer._index;
+        self.push(buffer.slice(0, buffer._index));
+      }
+
+      // Finished reading
+      if (self.totalBytesToRead <= 0) {
+        self.endCalled = true;
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Set read length
+  var length =
+    self.gs.length < self.gs.chunkSize ? self.gs.length - self.seekPosition : self.gs.chunkSize;
+  if (!self.gs.isOpen) {
+    self.gs.open(function(err) {
+      self.totalBytesToRead = self.gs.length - self.gs.position;
+      if (err) return self.emit('error', err);
+      read();
+    });
+  } else {
+    read();
+  }
+};
+
+GridStoreStream.prototype.destroy = function() {
+  this.pause();
+  this.endCalled = true;
+  this.gs.close();
+  this.emit('end');
+};
+
+GridStoreStream.prototype.write = function(chunk) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (self.endCalled)
+    return self.emit(
+      'error',
+      MongoError.create({ message: 'attempting to write to stream after end called', driver: true })
+    );
+  // Do we have to open the gridstore
+  if (!self.gs.isOpen) {
+    self.gs.open(function() {
+      self.gs.isOpen = true;
+      self.gs.write(chunk, function() {
+        process.nextTick(function() {
+          self.emit('drain');
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    self.gs.write(chunk, function() {
+      self.emit('drain');
+    });
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+GridStoreStream.prototype.end = function(chunk, encoding, callback) {
+  var self = this;
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  chunk = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  encoding = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  self.endCalled = true;
+
+  if (chunk) {
+    self.gs.write(chunk, function() {
+      self.gs.close(function() {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') callback();
+        self.emit('end');
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  self.gs.close(function() {
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') callback();
+    self.emit('end');
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * The read() method pulls some data out of the internal buffer and returns it. If there is no data available, then it will return null.
+ * @function external:Duplex#read
+ * @param {number} size Optional argument to specify how much data to read.
+ * @return {(String | Buffer | null)}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Call this function to cause the stream to return strings of the specified encoding instead of Buffer objects.
+ * @function external:Duplex#setEncoding
+ * @param {string} encoding The encoding to use.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method will cause the readable stream to resume emitting data events.
+ * @function external:Duplex#resume
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method will cause a stream in flowing-mode to stop emitting data events. Any data that becomes available will remain in the internal buffer.
+ * @function external:Duplex#pause
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method pulls all the data out of a readable stream, and writes it to the supplied destination, automatically managing the flow so that the destination is not overwhelmed by a fast readable stream.
+ * @function external:Duplex#pipe
+ * @param {Writable} destination The destination for writing data
+ * @param {object} [options] Pipe options
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method will remove the hooks set up for a previous pipe() call.
+ * @function external:Duplex#unpipe
+ * @param {Writable} [destination] The destination for writing data
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This is useful in certain cases where a stream is being consumed by a parser, which needs to "un-consume" some data that it has optimistically pulled out of the source, so that the stream can be passed on to some other party.
+ * @function external:Duplex#unshift
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} chunk Chunk of data to unshift onto the read queue.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Versions of Node prior to v0.10 had streams that did not implement the entire Streams API as it is today. (See "Compatibility" below for more information.)
+ * @function external:Duplex#wrap
+ * @param {Stream} stream An "old style" readable stream.
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This method writes some data to the underlying system, and calls the supplied callback once the data has been fully handled.
+ * @function external:Duplex#write
+ * @param {(string|Buffer)} chunk The data to write
+ * @param {string} encoding The encoding, if chunk is a String
+ * @param {function} callback Callback for when this chunk of data is flushed
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Call this method when no more data will be written to the stream. If supplied, the callback is attached as a listener on the finish event.
+ * @function external:Duplex#end
+ * @param {(string|Buffer)} chunk The data to write
+ * @param {string} encoding The encoding, if chunk is a String
+ * @param {function} callback Callback for when this chunk of data is flushed
+ * @return {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream data event, fired for each document in the cursor.
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#data
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream end event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#end
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream close event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#close
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream readable event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#readable
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream drain event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#drain
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream finish event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#finish
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream pipe event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#pipe
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream unpipe event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#unpipe
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * GridStoreStream stream error event
+ *
+ * @event GridStoreStream#error
+ * @type {null}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+module.exports = GridStore;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/mongo_client.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/mongo_client.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e11512bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/mongo_client.js
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ChangeStream = require('./change_stream');
+const Db = require('./db');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const inherits = require('util').inherits;
+const MongoError = require('./core').MongoError;
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+const WriteConcern = require('./write_concern');
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('./utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+const ReadPreference = require('./core/topologies/read_preference');
+const maybePromise = require('./utils').maybePromise;
+const NativeTopology = require('./topologies/native_topology');
+const connect = require('./operations/connect').connect;
+const validOptions = require('./operations/connect').validOptions;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **MongoClient** class is a class that allows for making Connections to MongoDB.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Connect using a MongoClient instance
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * const mongoClient = new MongoClient(url);
+ * mongoClient.connect(function(err, client) {
+ *   const db = client.db(dbName);
+ *   client.close();
+ * });
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Connect using the MongoClient.connect static method
+ * const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
+ * const test = require('assert');
+ * // Connection url
+ * const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
+ * // Database Name
+ * const dbName = 'test';
+ * // Connect using MongoClient
+ * MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, client) {
+ *   const db = client.db(dbName);
+ *   client.close();
+ * });
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A string specifying the level of a ReadConcern
+ * @typedef {'local'|'available'|'majority'|'linearizable'|'snapshot'} ReadConcernLevel
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/index.html#read-concern-levels
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for drivers wrapping the node driver.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} DriverInfoOptions
+ * @property {string} [name] The name of the driver
+ * @property {string} [version] The version of the driver
+ * @property {string} [platform] Optional platform information
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for drivers wrapping the node driver.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} DriverInfoOptions
+ * @property {string} [name] The name of the driver
+ * @property {string} [version] The version of the driver
+ * @property {string} [platform] Optional platform information
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @public
+ * @typedef AutoEncryptionOptions
+ * @property {MongoClient} [keyVaultClient] A `MongoClient` used to fetch keys from a key vault
+ * @property {string} [keyVaultNamespace] The namespace where keys are stored in the key vault
+ * @property {object} [kmsProviders] Configuration options that are used by specific KMS providers during key generation, encryption, and decryption.
+ * @property {object} [schemaMap] A map of namespaces to a local JSON schema for encryption
+ *
+ * > **NOTE**: Supplying options.schemaMap provides more security than relying on JSON Schemas obtained from the server.
+ * > It protects against a malicious server advertising a false JSON Schema, which could trick the client into sending decrypted data that should be encrypted.
+ * > Schemas supplied in the schemaMap only apply to configuring automatic encryption for client side encryption.
+ * > Other validation rules in the JSON schema will not be enforced by the driver and will result in an error.
+ *
+ * @property {object} [options] An optional hook to catch logging messages from the underlying encryption engine
+ * @property {object} [extraOptions]
+ * @property {boolean} [bypassAutoEncryption]
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} MongoClientOptions
+ * @property {number} [poolSize] (**default**: 5) The maximum size of the individual server pool
+ * @property {boolean} [ssl] (**default**: false) Enable SSL connection. *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {boolean} [sslValidate] (**default**: false) Validate mongod server certificate against Certificate Authority
+ * @property {buffer} [sslCA] (**default**: undefined) SSL Certificate store binary buffer *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {buffer} [sslCert] (**default**: undefined) SSL Certificate binary buffer *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {buffer} [sslKey] (**default**: undefined) SSL Key file binary buffer *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {string} [sslPass] (**default**: undefined) SSL Certificate pass phrase *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {buffer} [sslCRL] (**default**: undefined) SSL Certificate revocation list binary buffer *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {boolean|function} [checkServerIdentity] (**default**: true) Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function. *deprecated* use `tls` variants
+ * @property {boolean} [tls] (**default**: false) Enable TLS connections
+ * @property {boolean} [tlsInsecure] (**default**: false) Relax TLS constraints, disabling validation
+ * @property {string} [tlsCAFile] A path to file with either a single or bundle of certificate authorities to be considered trusted when making a TLS connection
+ * @property {string} [tlsCertificateKeyFile] A path to the client certificate file or the client private key file; in the case that they both are needed, the files should be concatenated
+ * @property {string} [tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword] The password to decrypt the client private key to be used for TLS connections
+ * @property {boolean} [tlsAllowInvalidCertificates] Specifies whether or not the driver should error when the server’s TLS certificate is invalid
+ * @property {boolean} [tlsAllowInvalidHostnames] Specifies whether or not the driver should error when there is a mismatch between the server’s hostname and the hostname specified by the TLS certificate
+ * @property {boolean} [autoReconnect] (**default**: true) Enable autoReconnect for single server instances
+ * @property {boolean} [noDelay] (**default**: true) TCP Connection no delay
+ * @property {boolean} [keepAlive] (**default**: true) TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @property {number} [keepAliveInitialDelay] (**default**: 120000) The number of milliseconds to wait before initiating keepAlive on the TCP socket
+ * @property {number} [connectTimeoutMS] (**default**: 10000) How long to wait for a connection to be established before timing out
+ * @property {number} [socketTimeoutMS] (**default**: 0) How long a send or receive on a socket can take before timing out
+ * @property {number} [family] Version of IP stack. Can be 4, 6 or null (default). If null, will attempt to connect with IPv6, and will fall back to IPv4 on failure
+ * @property {number} [reconnectTries] (**default**: 30) Server attempt to reconnect #times
+ * @property {number} [reconnectInterval] (**default**: 1000) Server will wait # milliseconds between retries
+ * @property {boolean} [ha] (**default**: true) Control if high availability monitoring runs for Replicaset or Mongos proxies
+ * @property {number} [haInterval] (**default**: 10000) The High availability period for replicaset inquiry
+ * @property {string} [replicaSet] (**default**: undefined) The Replicaset set name
+ * @property {number} [secondaryAcceptableLatencyMS] (**default**: 15) Cutoff latency point in MS for Replicaset member selection
+ * @property {number} [acceptableLatencyMS] (**default**: 15) Cutoff latency point in MS for Mongos proxies selection
+ * @property {boolean} [connectWithNoPrimary] (**default**: false) Sets if the driver should connect even if no primary is available
+ * @property {string} [authSource] (**default**: undefined) Define the database to authenticate against
+ * @property {(number|string)} [w] **Deprecated** The write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @property {number} [wtimeout] **Deprecated** The write concern timeout. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @property {boolean} [j] (**default**: false) **Deprecated** Specify a journal write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @property {boolean} [fsync] (**default**: false) **Deprecated** Specify a file sync write concern. Use writeConcern instead.
+ * @property {object|WriteConcern} [writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+ * @property {boolean} [forceServerObjectId] (**default**: false) Force server to assign _id values instead of driver
+ * @property {boolean} [serializeFunctions] (**default**: false) Serialize functions on any object
+ * @property {Boolean} [ignoreUndefined] (**default**: false) Specify if the BSON serializer should ignore undefined fields
+ * @property {boolean} [raw] (**default**: false) Return document results as raw BSON buffers
+ * @property {number} [bufferMaxEntries] (**default**: -1) Sets a cap on how many operations the driver will buffer up before giving up on getting a working connection, default is -1 which is unlimited
+ * @property {(ReadPreference|string)} [readPreference] The preferred read preference (ReadPreference.PRIMARY, ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.SECONDARY, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED, ReadPreference.NEAREST)
+ * @property {object} [pkFactory] A primary key factory object for generation of custom _id keys
+ * @property {object} [promiseLibrary] A Promise library class the application wishes to use such as Bluebird, must be ES6 compatible
+ * @property {object} [readConcern] Specify a read concern for the collection (only MongoDB 3.2 or higher supported)
+ * @property {ReadConcernLevel} [readConcern.level] (**default**: {Level: 'local'}) Specify a read concern level for the collection operations (only MongoDB 3.2 or higher supported)
+ * @property {number} [maxStalenessSeconds] (**default**: undefined) The max staleness to secondary reads (values under 10 seconds cannot be guaranteed)
+ * @property {string} [loggerLevel] (**default**: undefined) The logging level (error/warn/info/debug)
+ * @property {object} [logger] (**default**: undefined) Custom logger object
+ * @property {boolean} [promoteValues] (**default**: true) Promotes BSON values to native types where possible, set to false to only receive wrapper types
+ * @property {boolean} [promoteBuffers] (**default**: false) Promotes Binary BSON values to native Node Buffers
+ * @property {boolean} [promoteLongs] (**default**: true) Promotes long values to number if they fit inside the 53 bits resolution
+ * @property {boolean} [domainsEnabled] (**default**: false) Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit
+ * @property {object} [validateOptions] (**default**: false) Validate MongoClient passed in options for correctness
+ * @property {string} [appname] (**default**: undefined) The name of the application that created this MongoClient instance. MongoDB 3.4 and newer will print this value in the server log upon establishing each connection. It is also recorded in the slow query log and profile collections
+ * @property {string} [options.auth.user] (**default**: undefined) The username for auth
+ * @property {string} [options.auth.password] (**default**: undefined) The password for auth
+ * @property {string} [authMechanism] An authentication mechanism to use for connection authentication, see the {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/connection-string/#urioption.authMechanism|authMechanism} reference for supported options.
+ * @property {object} [compression] Type of compression to use: snappy or zlib
+ * @property {array} [readPreferenceTags] Read preference tags
+ * @property {number} [numberOfRetries] (**default**: 5) The number of retries for a tailable cursor
+ * @property {boolean} [auto_reconnect] (**default**: true) Enable auto reconnecting for single server instances
+ * @property {boolean} [monitorCommands] (**default**: false) Enable command monitoring for this client
+ * @property {number} [minSize] If present, the connection pool will be initialized with minSize connections, and will never dip below minSize connections
+ * @property {boolean} [useNewUrlParser] (**default**: true) Determines whether or not to use the new url parser. Enables the new, spec-compliant, url parser shipped in the core driver. This url parser fixes a number of problems with the original parser, and aims to outright replace that parser in the near future. Defaults to true, and must be explicitly set to false to use the legacy url parser.
+ * @property {boolean} [useUnifiedTopology] Enables the new unified topology layer
+ * @property {number} [localThresholdMS] (**default**: 15) **Only applies to the unified topology** The size of the latency window for selecting among multiple suitable servers
+ * @property {number} [serverSelectionTimeoutMS] (**default**: 30000) **Only applies to the unified topology** How long to block for server selection before throwing an error
+ * @property {number} [heartbeatFrequencyMS] (**default**: 10000) **Only applies to the unified topology** The frequency with which topology updates are scheduled
+ * @property {number} [maxPoolSize] (**default**: 10) **Only applies to the unified topology** The maximum number of connections that may be associated with a pool at a given time. This includes in use and available connections.
+ * @property {number} [minPoolSize] (**default**: 0) **Only applies to the unified topology** The minimum number of connections that MUST exist at any moment in a single connection pool.
+ * @property {number} [maxIdleTimeMS] **Only applies to the unified topology** The maximum amount of time a connection should remain idle in the connection pool before being marked idle. The default is infinity.
+ * @property {number} [waitQueueTimeoutMS] (**default**: 0) **Only applies to the unified topology** The maximum amount of time operation execution should wait for a connection to become available. The default is 0 which means there is no limit.
+ * @property {AutoEncryptionOptions} [autoEncryption] Optionally enable client side auto encryption.
+ *
+ * > Automatic encryption is an enterprise only feature that only applies to operations on a collection. Automatic encryption is not supported for operations on a database or view, and operations that are not bypassed will result in error
+ * > (see [libmongocrypt: Auto Encryption Allow-List](https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/client-side-encryption/client-side-encryption.rst#libmongocrypt-auto-encryption-allow-list)). To bypass automatic encryption for all operations, set bypassAutoEncryption=true in AutoEncryptionOpts.
+ * >
+ * > Automatic encryption requires the authenticated user to have the [listCollections privilege action](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/listCollections/#dbcmd.listCollections).
+ * >
+ * > If a MongoClient with a limited connection pool size (i.e a non-zero maxPoolSize) is configured with AutoEncryptionOptions, a separate internal MongoClient is created if any of the following are true:
+ * > - AutoEncryptionOptions.keyVaultClient is not passed.
+ * > - AutoEncryptionOptions.bypassAutomaticEncryption is false.
+ * > If an internal MongoClient is created, it is configured with the same options as the parent MongoClient except minPoolSize is set to 0 and AutoEncryptionOptions is omitted.
+ *
+ * @property {DriverInfoOptions} [driverInfo] Allows a wrapping driver to amend the client metadata generated by the driver to include information about the wrapping driver
+ * @property {boolean} [directConnection] (**default**: false) Enable directConnection
+ * @property {function} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new MongoClient instance
+ * @constructor
+ * @extends {EventEmitter}
+ * @param {string} url The connection URI string
+ * @param {MongoClientOptions} [options] Optional settings
+ */
+function MongoClient(url, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof MongoClient)) return new MongoClient(url, options);
+  // Set up event emitter
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  if (options && options.autoEncryption) require('./encrypter'); // Does CSFLE lib check
+
+  // The internal state
+  this.s = {
+    url: url,
+    options: options || {},
+    promiseLibrary: (options && options.promiseLibrary) || Promise,
+    dbCache: new Map(),
+    sessions: new Set(),
+    writeConcern: WriteConcern.fromOptions(options),
+    readPreference: ReadPreference.fromOptions(options) || ReadPreference.primary,
+    namespace: new MongoDBNamespace('admin')
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+inherits(MongoClient, EventEmitter);
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongoClient.prototype, 'writeConcern', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.writeConcern;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongoClient.prototype, 'readPreference', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.readPreference;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * The callback format for results
+ * @callback MongoClient~connectCallback
+ * @param {MongoError} error An error instance representing the error during the execution.
+ * @param {MongoClient} client The connected client.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Connect to MongoDB using a url as documented at
+ *
+ *  docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/
+ *
+ * Note that for replicasets the replicaSet query parameter is required in the 2.0 driver
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {MongoClient~connectCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @return {Promise<MongoClient>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.connect = function(callback) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('`connect` only accepts a callback');
+  }
+
+  const client = this;
+  return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+    const err = validOptions(client.s.options);
+    if (err) return cb(err);
+
+    connect(client, client.s.url, client.s.options, err => {
+      if (err) return cb(err);
+      cb(null, client);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+MongoClient.prototype.logout = deprecate(function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') callback(null, true);
+}, 'Multiple authentication is prohibited on a connected client, please only authenticate once per MongoClient');
+
+/**
+ * Close the db and its underlying connections
+ * @method
+ * @param {boolean} [force=false] Force close, emitting no events
+ * @param {Db~noResultCallback} [callback] The result callback
+ * @return {Promise} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.close = function(force, callback) {
+  if (typeof force === 'function') {
+    callback = force;
+    force = false;
+  }
+
+  const client = this;
+  return maybePromise(this, callback, cb => {
+    const completeClose = err => {
+      client.emit('close', client);
+
+      if (!(client.topology instanceof NativeTopology)) {
+        for (const item of client.s.dbCache) {
+          item[1].emit('close', client);
+        }
+      }
+
+      client.removeAllListeners('close');
+      cb(err);
+    };
+
+    if (client.topology == null) {
+      completeClose();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    client.topology.close(force, err => {
+      const encrypter = client.topology.s.options.encrypter;
+      if (encrypter) {
+        return encrypter.close(client, force, err2 => {
+          completeClose(err || err2);
+        });
+      }
+      completeClose(err);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new Db instance sharing the current socket connections. Be aware that the new db instances are
+ * related in a parent-child relationship to the original instance so that events are correctly emitted on child
+ * db instances. Child db instances are cached so performing db('db1') twice will return the same instance.
+ * You can control these behaviors with the options noListener and returnNonCachedInstance.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {string} [dbName] The name of the database we want to use. If not provided, use database name from connection string.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noListener=false] Do not make the db an event listener to the original connection.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.returnNonCachedInstance=false] Control if you want to return a cached instance or have a new one created
+ * @return {Db}
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.db = function(dbName, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Default to db from connection string if not provided
+  if (!dbName) {
+    dbName = this.s.options.dbName;
+  }
+
+  // Copy the options and add out internal override of the not shared flag
+  const finalOptions = Object.assign({}, this.s.options, options);
+
+  // Do we have the db in the cache already
+  if (this.s.dbCache.has(dbName) && finalOptions.returnNonCachedInstance !== true) {
+    return this.s.dbCache.get(dbName);
+  }
+
+  // Add promiseLibrary
+  finalOptions.promiseLibrary = this.s.promiseLibrary;
+
+  // If no topology throw an error message
+  if (!this.topology) {
+    throw new MongoError('MongoClient must be connected before calling MongoClient.prototype.db');
+  }
+
+  // Return the db object
+  const db = new Db(dbName, this.topology, finalOptions);
+
+  // Add the db to the cache
+  this.s.dbCache.set(dbName, db);
+  // Return the database
+  return db;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if MongoClient is connected
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.noListener=false] Do not make the db an event listener to the original connection.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.returnNonCachedInstance=false] Control if you want to return a cached instance or have a new one created
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.isConnected = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  if (!this.topology) return false;
+  return this.topology.isConnected(options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Connect to MongoDB using a url as documented at
+ *
+ *  docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/
+ *
+ * Note that for replicasets the replicaSet query parameter is required in the 2.0 driver
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @static
+ * @param {string} url The connection URI string
+ * @param {MongoClientOptions} [options] Optional settings
+ * @return {Promise<MongoClient>} returns Promise if no callback passed
+ */
+MongoClient.connect = function(url, options, callback) {
+  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  callback = typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function' ? args.pop() : undefined;
+  options = args.length ? args.shift() : null;
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Create client
+  const mongoClient = new MongoClient(url, options);
+  // Execute the connect method
+  return mongoClient.connect(callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Starts a new session on the server
+ *
+ * @param {SessionOptions} [options] optional settings for a driver session
+ * @return {ClientSession} the newly established session
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.startSession = function(options) {
+  options = Object.assign({ explicit: true }, options);
+  if (!this.topology) {
+    throw new MongoError('Must connect to a server before calling this method');
+  }
+
+  return this.topology.startSession(options, this.s.options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Runs a given operation with an implicitly created session. The lifetime of the session
+ * will be handled without the need for user interaction.
+ *
+ * NOTE: presently the operation MUST return a Promise (either explicit or implicity as an async function)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings to be appled to implicitly created session
+ * @param {Function} operation An operation to execute with an implicitly created session. The signature of this MUST be `(session) => {}`
+ * @return {Promise}
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.withSession = function(options, operation) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (operation = options), (options = undefined);
+  const session = this.startSession(options);
+
+  let cleanupHandler = (err, result, opts) => {
+    // prevent multiple calls to cleanupHandler
+    cleanupHandler = () => {
+      throw new ReferenceError('cleanupHandler was called too many times');
+    };
+
+    opts = Object.assign({ throw: true }, opts);
+    session.endSession();
+
+    if (err) {
+      if (opts.throw) throw err;
+      return Promise.reject(err);
+    }
+  };
+
+  try {
+    const result = operation(session);
+    return Promise.resolve(result)
+      .then(result => cleanupHandler(null, result))
+      .catch(err => cleanupHandler(err, null, { throw: true }));
+  } catch (err) {
+    return cleanupHandler(err, null, { throw: false });
+  }
+};
+/**
+ * Create a new Change Stream, watching for new changes (insertions, updates, replacements, deletions, and invalidations) in this cluster. Will ignore all changes to system collections, as well as the local, admin,
+ * and config databases.
+ * @method
+ * @since 3.1.0
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline] An array of {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/|aggregation pipeline stages} through which to pass change stream documents. This allows for filtering (using $match) and manipulating the change stream documents.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {string} [options.fullDocument='default'] Allowed values: ‘default’, ‘updateLookup’. When set to ‘updateLookup’, the change stream will include both a delta describing the changes to the document, as well as a copy of the entire document that was changed from some time after the change occurred.
+ * @param {object} [options.resumeAfter] Specifies the logical starting point for the new change stream. This should be the _id field from a previously returned change stream document.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxAwaitTimeMS] The maximum amount of time for the server to wait on new documents to satisfy a change stream query
+ * @param {number} [options.batchSize=1000] The number of documents to return per batch. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {object} [options.collation] Specify collation settings for operation. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate|aggregation documentation}.
+ * @param {ReadPreference} [options.readPreference] The read preference. See {@link https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-preference|read preference documentation}.
+ * @param {Timestamp} [options.startAtOperationTime] receive change events that occur after the specified timestamp
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] optional session to use for this operation
+ * @return {ChangeStream} a ChangeStream instance.
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.watch = function(pipeline, options) {
+  pipeline = pipeline || [];
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Allow optionally not specifying a pipeline
+  if (!Array.isArray(pipeline)) {
+    options = pipeline;
+    pipeline = [];
+  }
+
+  return new ChangeStream(this, pipeline, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the mongo client logger
+ * @method
+ * @return {Logger} return the mongo client logger
+ * @ignore
+ */
+MongoClient.prototype.getLogger = function() {
+  return this.s.options.logger;
+};
+
+module.exports = MongoClient;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/add_user.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/add_user.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62af9d803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/add_user.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+const emitWarning = require('../utils').emitWarning;
+
+class AddUserOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(db, username, password, options) {
+    super(db, options);
+
+    this.username = username;
+    this.password = password;
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const db = this.db;
+    const username = this.username;
+    const password = this.password;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Get additional values
+    let roles = [];
+    if (Array.isArray(options.roles)) roles = options.roles;
+    if (typeof options.roles === 'string') roles = [options.roles];
+
+    // If not roles defined print deprecated message
+    // TODO: handle deprecation properly
+    if (roles.length === 0) {
+      emitWarning('Creating a user without roles is deprecated in MongoDB >= 2.6');
+    }
+
+    // Check the db name and add roles if needed
+    if (
+      (db.databaseName.toLowerCase() === 'admin' || options.dbName === 'admin') &&
+      !Array.isArray(options.roles)
+    ) {
+      roles = ['root'];
+    } else if (!Array.isArray(options.roles)) {
+      roles = ['dbOwner'];
+    }
+
+    const digestPassword = db.s.topology.lastIsMaster().maxWireVersion >= 7;
+
+    let userPassword = password;
+
+    if (!digestPassword) {
+      // Use node md5 generator
+      const md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
+      // Generate keys used for authentication
+      md5.update(username + ':mongo:' + password);
+      userPassword = md5.digest('hex');
+    }
+
+    // Build the command to execute
+    const command = {
+      createUser: username,
+      customData: options.customData || {},
+      roles: roles,
+      digestPassword
+    };
+
+    // No password
+    if (typeof password === 'string') {
+      command.pwd = userPassword;
+    }
+
+    return command;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Error out if digestPassword set
+    if (options.digestPassword != null) {
+      return callback(
+        toError(
+          "The digestPassword option is not supported via add_user. Please use db.command('createUser', ...) instead for this option."
+        )
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to execute auth command
+    super.execute((err, r) => {
+      if (!err) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, err, r);
+      }
+
+      return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(AddUserOperation, Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION);
+
+module.exports = AddUserOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/admin_ops.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/admin_ops.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5f3516e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/admin_ops.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const executeCommand = require('./db_ops').executeCommand;
+const executeDbAdminCommand = require('./db_ops').executeDbAdminCommand;
+
+/**
+ * Get ReplicaSet status
+ *
+ * @param {Admin} a collection instance.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Admin.prototype.replSetGetStatus for a list of options.
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ */
+function replSetGetStatus(admin, options, callback) {
+  executeDbAdminCommand(admin.s.db, { replSetGetStatus: 1 }, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve this db's server status.
+ *
+ * @param {Admin} a collection instance.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Admin.prototype.serverStatus for a list of options.
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function serverStatus(admin, options, callback) {
+  executeDbAdminCommand(admin.s.db, { serverStatus: 1 }, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate an existing collection
+ *
+ * @param {Admin} a collection instance.
+ * @param {string} collectionName The name of the collection to validate.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Admin.prototype.validateCollection for a list of options.
+ * @param {Admin~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ */
+function validateCollection(admin, collectionName, options, callback) {
+  const command = { validate: collectionName };
+  const keys = Object.keys(options);
+
+  // Decorate command with extra options
+  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, keys[i]) && keys[i] !== 'session') {
+      command[keys[i]] = options[keys[i]];
+    }
+  }
+
+  executeCommand(admin.s.db, command, options, (err, doc) => {
+    if (err != null) return callback(err, null);
+
+    if (doc.ok === 0) return callback(new Error('Error with validate command'), null);
+    if (doc.result != null && doc.result.constructor !== String)
+      return callback(new Error('Error with validation data'), null);
+    if (doc.result != null && doc.result.match(/exception|corrupt/) != null)
+      return callback(new Error('Error: invalid collection ' + collectionName), null);
+    if (doc.valid != null && !doc.valid)
+      return callback(new Error('Error: invalid collection ' + collectionName), null);
+
+    return callback(null, doc);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = { replSetGetStatus, serverStatus, validateCollection };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/aggregate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/aggregate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca69a52e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/aggregate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+const DB_AGGREGATE_COLLECTION = 1;
+const MIN_WIRE_VERSION_$OUT_READ_CONCERN_SUPPORT = 8;
+
+class AggregateOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(parent, pipeline, options) {
+    super(parent, options, { fullResponse: true });
+
+    this.target =
+      parent.s.namespace && parent.s.namespace.collection
+        ? parent.s.namespace.collection
+        : DB_AGGREGATE_COLLECTION;
+
+    this.pipeline = pipeline;
+
+    // determine if we have a write stage, override read preference if so
+    this.hasWriteStage = false;
+    if (typeof options.out === 'string') {
+      this.pipeline = this.pipeline.concat({ $out: options.out });
+      this.hasWriteStage = true;
+    } else if (pipeline.length > 0) {
+      const finalStage = pipeline[pipeline.length - 1];
+      if (finalStage.$out || finalStage.$merge) {
+        this.hasWriteStage = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.hasWriteStage) {
+      this.readPreference = ReadPreference.primary;
+    }
+
+    if (this.explain && this.writeConcern) {
+      throw new MongoError('"explain" cannot be used on an aggregate call with writeConcern');
+    }
+
+    if (options.cursor != null && typeof options.cursor !== 'object') {
+      throw new MongoError('cursor options must be an object');
+    }
+  }
+
+  get canRetryRead() {
+    return !this.hasWriteStage;
+  }
+
+  addToPipeline(stage) {
+    this.pipeline.push(stage);
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const options = this.options;
+    const serverWireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+    const command = { aggregate: this.target, pipeline: this.pipeline };
+
+    if (this.hasWriteStage && serverWireVersion < MIN_WIRE_VERSION_$OUT_READ_CONCERN_SUPPORT) {
+      this.readConcern = null;
+    }
+
+    if (serverWireVersion >= 5) {
+      if (this.hasWriteStage && this.writeConcern) {
+        Object.assign(command, { writeConcern: this.writeConcern });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+      command.bypassDocumentValidation = options.bypassDocumentValidation;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.allowDiskUse === 'boolean') {
+      command.allowDiskUse = options.allowDiskUse;
+    }
+
+    if (options.hint) {
+      command.hint = options.hint;
+    }
+
+    if (this.explain) {
+      options.full = false;
+    }
+
+    command.cursor = options.cursor || {};
+    if (options.batchSize && !this.hasWriteStage) {
+      command.cursor.batchSize = options.batchSize;
+    }
+
+    super.executeCommand(server, command, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(AggregateOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION,
+  Aspect.EXPLAINABLE
+]);
+
+module.exports = AggregateOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/bulk_write.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/bulk_write.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..752b3e7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/bulk_write.js
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyRetryableWrites = require('../utils').applyRetryableWrites;
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+
+class BulkWriteOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, operations, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.operations = operations;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const operations = this.operations;
+    let options = this.options;
+
+    // Add ignoreUndfined
+    if (coll.s.options.ignoreUndefined) {
+      options = Object.assign({}, options);
+      options.ignoreUndefined = coll.s.options.ignoreUndefined;
+    }
+
+    // Create the bulk operation
+    const bulk =
+      options.ordered === true || options.ordered == null
+        ? coll.initializeOrderedBulkOp(options)
+        : coll.initializeUnorderedBulkOp(options);
+
+    // Do we have a collation
+    let collation = false;
+
+    // for each op go through and add to the bulk
+    try {
+      for (let i = 0; i < operations.length; i++) {
+        // Get the operation type
+        const key = Object.keys(operations[i])[0];
+        // Check if we have a collation
+        if (operations[i][key].collation) {
+          collation = true;
+        }
+
+        // Pass to the raw bulk
+        bulk.raw(operations[i]);
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+
+    // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+    let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+    finalOptions = applyRetryableWrites(finalOptions, coll.s.db);
+    finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+    const writeCon = finalOptions.writeConcern ? finalOptions.writeConcern : {};
+    const capabilities = coll.s.topology.capabilities();
+
+    // Did the user pass in a collation, check if our write server supports it
+    if (collation && capabilities && !capabilities.commandsTakeCollation) {
+      return callback(new MongoError('server/primary/mongos does not support collation'));
+    }
+
+    // Execute the bulk
+    bulk.execute(writeCon, finalOptions, (err, r) => {
+      // We have connection level error
+      if (!r && err) {
+        return callback(err, null);
+      }
+
+      // Update the n
+      r.n = r.insertedCount;
+
+      // Inserted documents
+      const inserted = r.getInsertedIds();
+      // Map inserted ids
+      for (let i = 0; i < inserted.length; i++) {
+        r.insertedIds[inserted[i].index] = inserted[i]._id;
+      }
+
+      // Upserted documents
+      const upserted = r.getUpsertedIds();
+      // Map upserted ids
+      for (let i = 0; i < upserted.length; i++) {
+        r.upsertedIds[upserted[i].index] = upserted[i]._id;
+      }
+
+      // Return the results
+      callback(null, r);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = BulkWriteOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/collection_ops.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/collection_ops.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..655bd70c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/collection_ops.js
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const Code = require('../core').BSON.Code;
+const createIndexDb = require('./db_ops').createIndex;
+const decorateWithCollation = require('../utils').decorateWithCollation;
+const decorateWithReadConcern = require('../utils').decorateWithReadConcern;
+const ensureIndexDb = require('./db_ops').ensureIndex;
+const evaluate = require('./db_ops').evaluate;
+const executeCommand = require('./db_ops').executeCommand;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const indexInformationDb = require('./db_ops').indexInformation;
+const Long = require('../core').BSON.Long;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const insertDocuments = require('./common_functions').insertDocuments;
+const updateDocuments = require('./common_functions').updateDocuments;
+
+/**
+ * Group function helper
+ * @ignore
+ */
+// var groupFunction = function () {
+//   var c = db[ns].find(condition);
+//   var map = new Map();
+//   var reduce_function = reduce;
+//
+//   while (c.hasNext()) {
+//     var obj = c.next();
+//     var key = {};
+//
+//     for (var i = 0, len = keys.length; i < len; ++i) {
+//       var k = keys[i];
+//       key[k] = obj[k];
+//     }
+//
+//     var aggObj = map.get(key);
+//
+//     if (aggObj == null) {
+//       var newObj = Object.extend({}, key);
+//       aggObj = Object.extend(newObj, initial);
+//       map.put(key, aggObj);
+//     }
+//
+//     reduce_function(obj, aggObj);
+//   }
+//
+//   return { "result": map.values() };
+// }.toString();
+const groupFunction =
+  'function () {\nvar c = db[ns].find(condition);\nvar map = new Map();\nvar reduce_function = reduce;\n\nwhile (c.hasNext()) {\nvar obj = c.next();\nvar key = {};\n\nfor (var i = 0, len = keys.length; i < len; ++i) {\nvar k = keys[i];\nkey[k] = obj[k];\n}\n\nvar aggObj = map.get(key);\n\nif (aggObj == null) {\nvar newObj = Object.extend({}, key);\naggObj = Object.extend(newObj, initial);\nmap.put(key, aggObj);\n}\n\nreduce_function(obj, aggObj);\n}\n\nreturn { "result": map.values() };\n}';
+
+/**
+ * Create an index on the db and collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.createIndex for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function createIndex(coll, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  createIndexDb(coll.s.db, coll.collectionName, fieldOrSpec, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create multiple indexes in the collection. This method is only supported for
+ * MongoDB 2.6 or higher. Earlier version of MongoDB will throw a command not supported
+ * error. Index specifications are defined at http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/createIndexes/.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {array} indexSpecs An array of index specifications to be created
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.createIndexes for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function createIndexes(coll, indexSpecs, options, callback) {
+  const capabilities = coll.s.topology.capabilities();
+
+  // Ensure we generate the correct name if the parameter is not set
+  for (let i = 0; i < indexSpecs.length; i++) {
+    if (indexSpecs[i].name == null) {
+      const keys = [];
+
+      // Did the user pass in a collation, check if our write server supports it
+      if (indexSpecs[i].collation && capabilities && !capabilities.commandsTakeCollation) {
+        return callback(new MongoError('server/primary/mongos does not support collation'));
+      }
+
+      for (let name in indexSpecs[i].key) {
+        keys.push(`${name}_${indexSpecs[i].key[name]}`);
+      }
+
+      // Set the name
+      indexSpecs[i].name = keys.join('_');
+    }
+  }
+
+  options = Object.assign({}, options, { readPreference: ReadPreference.PRIMARY });
+
+  // Execute the index
+  executeCommand(
+    coll.s.db,
+    {
+      createIndexes: coll.collectionName,
+      indexes: indexSpecs
+    },
+    options,
+    callback
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ensure that an index exists. If the index does not exist, this function creates it.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.ensureIndex for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function ensureIndex(coll, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  ensureIndexDb(coll.s.db, coll.collectionName, fieldOrSpec, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run a group command across a collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {(object|array|function|code)} keys An object, array or function expressing the keys to group by.
+ * @param {object} condition An optional condition that must be true for a row to be considered.
+ * @param {object} initial Initial value of the aggregation counter object.
+ * @param {(function|Code)} reduce The reduce function aggregates (reduces) the objects iterated
+ * @param {(function|Code)} finalize An optional function to be run on each item in the result set just before the item is returned.
+ * @param {boolean} command Specify if you wish to run using the internal group command or using eval, default is true.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.group for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @deprecated MongoDB 3.6 or higher will no longer support the group command. We recommend rewriting using the aggregation framework.
+ */
+function group(coll, keys, condition, initial, reduce, finalize, command, options, callback) {
+  // Execute using the command
+  if (command) {
+    const reduceFunction = reduce && reduce._bsontype === 'Code' ? reduce : new Code(reduce);
+
+    const selector = {
+      group: {
+        ns: coll.collectionName,
+        $reduce: reduceFunction,
+        cond: condition,
+        initial: initial,
+        out: 'inline'
+      }
+    };
+
+    // if finalize is defined
+    if (finalize != null) selector.group['finalize'] = finalize;
+    // Set up group selector
+    if ('function' === typeof keys || (keys && keys._bsontype === 'Code')) {
+      selector.group.$keyf = keys && keys._bsontype === 'Code' ? keys : new Code(keys);
+    } else {
+      const hash = {};
+      keys.forEach(key => {
+        hash[key] = 1;
+      });
+      selector.group.key = hash;
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    // Ensure we have the right read preference inheritance
+    options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(coll, options);
+
+    // Do we have a readConcern specified
+    decorateWithReadConcern(selector, coll, options);
+
+    // Have we specified collation
+    try {
+      decorateWithCollation(selector, coll, options);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+
+    // Execute command
+    executeCommand(coll.s.db, selector, options, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, result.retval);
+    });
+  } else {
+    // Create execution scope
+    const scope = reduce != null && reduce._bsontype === 'Code' ? reduce.scope : {};
+
+    scope.ns = coll.collectionName;
+    scope.keys = keys;
+    scope.condition = condition;
+    scope.initial = initial;
+
+    // Pass in the function text to execute within mongodb.
+    const groupfn = groupFunction.replace(/ reduce;/, reduce.toString() + ';');
+
+    evaluate(coll.s.db, new Code(groupfn, scope), null, options, (err, results) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, results.result || results);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve all the indexes on the collection.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.indexes for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function indexes(coll, options, callback) {
+  options = Object.assign({}, { full: true }, options);
+  indexInformationDb(coll.s.db, coll.collectionName, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if one or more indexes exist on the collection. This fails on the first index that doesn't exist.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {(string|array)} indexes One or more index names to check.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.indexExists for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function indexExists(coll, indexes, options, callback) {
+  indexInformation(coll, options, (err, indexInformation) => {
+    // If we have an error return
+    if (err != null) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    // Let's check for the index names
+    if (!Array.isArray(indexes))
+      return handleCallback(callback, null, indexInformation[indexes] != null);
+    // Check in list of indexes
+    for (let i = 0; i < indexes.length; i++) {
+      if (indexInformation[indexes[i]] == null) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, null, false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // All keys found return true
+    return handleCallback(callback, null, true);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve this collection's index info.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.indexInformation for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function indexInformation(coll, options, callback) {
+  indexInformationDb(coll.s.db, coll.collectionName, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return N parallel cursors for a collection to allow parallel reading of the entire collection. There are
+ * no ordering guarantees for returned results.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.parallelCollectionScan for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~parallelCollectionScanCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function parallelCollectionScan(coll, options, callback) {
+  // Create command object
+  const commandObject = {
+    parallelCollectionScan: coll.collectionName,
+    numCursors: options.numCursors
+  };
+
+  // Do we have a readConcern specified
+  decorateWithReadConcern(commandObject, coll, options);
+
+  // Store the raw value
+  const raw = options.raw;
+  delete options['raw'];
+
+  // Execute the command
+  executeCommand(coll.s.db, commandObject, options, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    if (result == null)
+      return handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        new Error('no result returned for parallelCollectionScan'),
+        null
+      );
+
+    options = Object.assign({ explicitlyIgnoreSession: true }, options);
+
+    const cursors = [];
+    // Add the raw back to the option
+    if (raw) options.raw = raw;
+    // Create command cursors for each item
+    for (let i = 0; i < result.cursors.length; i++) {
+      const rawId = result.cursors[i].cursor.id;
+      // Convert cursorId to Long if needed
+      const cursorId = typeof rawId === 'number' ? Long.fromNumber(rawId) : rawId;
+      // Add a command cursor
+      cursors.push(coll.s.topology.cursor(coll.namespace, cursorId, options));
+    }
+
+    handleCallback(callback, null, cursors);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save a document.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {object} doc Document to save
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.save for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~writeOpCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @deprecated use insertOne, insertMany, updateOne or updateMany
+ */
+function save(coll, doc, options, callback) {
+  // Get the write concern options
+  const finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(
+    Object.assign({}, options),
+    { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll },
+    options
+  );
+  // Establish if we need to perform an insert or update
+  if (doc._id != null) {
+    finalOptions.upsert = true;
+    return updateDocuments(coll, { _id: doc._id }, doc, finalOptions, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Insert the document
+  insertDocuments(coll, [doc], finalOptions, (err, result) => {
+    if (callback == null) return;
+    if (doc == null) return handleCallback(callback, null, null);
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  createIndex,
+  createIndexes,
+  ensureIndex,
+  group,
+  indexes,
+  indexExists,
+  indexInformation,
+  parallelCollectionScan,
+  save
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/collections.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/collections.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eac690a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/collections.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+
+let collection;
+function loadCollection() {
+  if (!collection) {
+    collection = require('../collection');
+  }
+  return collection;
+}
+
+class CollectionsOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(db, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.db = db;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const db = this.db;
+    let options = this.options;
+
+    let Collection = loadCollection();
+
+    options = Object.assign({}, options, { nameOnly: true });
+    // Let's get the collection names
+    db.listCollections({}, options).toArray((err, documents) => {
+      if (err != null) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      // Filter collections removing any illegal ones
+      documents = documents.filter(doc => {
+        return doc.name.indexOf('$') === -1;
+      });
+
+      // Return the collection objects
+      handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        null,
+        documents.map(d => {
+          return new Collection(
+            db,
+            db.s.topology,
+            db.databaseName,
+            d.name,
+            db.s.pkFactory,
+            db.s.options
+          );
+        })
+      );
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = CollectionsOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/command.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/command.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd18a543c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/command.js
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const debugOptions = require('../utils').debugOptions;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('../utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+
+const debugFields = [
+  'authSource',
+  'w',
+  'wtimeout',
+  'j',
+  'native_parser',
+  'forceServerObjectId',
+  'serializeFunctions',
+  'raw',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'numberOfRetries',
+  'retryMiliSeconds',
+  'readPreference',
+  'pkFactory',
+  'parentDb',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'noListener'
+];
+
+class CommandOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(db, options, collection, command) {
+    super(options);
+
+    if (!this.hasAspect(Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION)) {
+      if (collection != null) {
+        this.options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(collection, options);
+      } else {
+        this.options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(db, options);
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (collection != null) {
+        applyWriteConcern(this.options, { db, coll: collection }, this.options);
+      } else {
+        applyWriteConcern(this.options, { db }, this.options);
+      }
+      this.options.readPreference = ReadPreference.primary;
+    }
+
+    this.db = db;
+
+    if (command != null) {
+      this.command = command;
+    }
+
+    if (collection != null) {
+      this.collection = collection;
+    }
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    if (this.command != null) {
+      return this.command;
+    }
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const db = this.db;
+    const options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+
+    // Did the user destroy the topology
+    if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed()) {
+      return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+    }
+
+    let command;
+    try {
+      command = this._buildCommand();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return callback(e);
+    }
+
+    // Get the db name we are executing against
+    const dbName = options.dbName || options.authdb || db.databaseName;
+
+    // Convert the readPreference if its not a write
+    if (this.hasAspect(Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION)) {
+      if (options.writeConcern && (!options.session || !options.session.inTransaction())) {
+        command.writeConcern = options.writeConcern;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Debug information
+    if (db.s.logger.isDebug()) {
+      db.s.logger.debug(
+        `executing command ${JSON.stringify(
+          command
+        )} against ${dbName}.$cmd with options [${JSON.stringify(
+          debugOptions(debugFields, options)
+        )}]`
+      );
+    }
+
+    const namespace =
+      this.namespace != null ? this.namespace : new MongoDBNamespace(dbName, '$cmd');
+
+    // Execute command
+    db.s.topology.command(namespace, command, options, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      if (options.full) return handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, result.result);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = CommandOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/command_v2.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/command_v2.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52f982b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/command_v2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const ReadConcern = require('../read_concern');
+const WriteConcern = require('../write_concern');
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const decorateWithExplain = require('../utils').decorateWithExplain;
+const commandSupportsReadConcern = require('../core/sessions').commandSupportsReadConcern;
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+
+const SUPPORTS_WRITE_CONCERN_AND_COLLATION = 5;
+
+class CommandOperationV2 extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(parent, options, operationOptions) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.ns = parent.s.namespace.withCollection('$cmd');
+    const propertyProvider = this.hasAspect(Aspect.NO_INHERIT_OPTIONS) ? undefined : parent;
+    this.readPreference = this.hasAspect(Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION)
+      ? ReadPreference.primary
+      : ReadPreference.resolve(propertyProvider, this.options);
+    this.readConcern = resolveReadConcern(propertyProvider, this.options);
+    this.writeConcern = resolveWriteConcern(propertyProvider, this.options);
+
+    if (operationOptions && typeof operationOptions.fullResponse === 'boolean') {
+      this.fullResponse = true;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: A lot of our code depends on having the read preference in the options. This should
+    //       go away, but also requires massive test rewrites.
+    this.options.readPreference = this.readPreference;
+
+    // TODO(NODE-2056): make logger another "inheritable" property
+    if (parent.s.logger) {
+      this.logger = parent.s.logger;
+    } else if (parent.s.db && parent.s.db.logger) {
+      this.logger = parent.s.db.logger;
+    }
+  }
+
+  executeCommand(server, cmd, callback) {
+    // TODO: consider making this a non-enumerable property
+    this.server = server;
+
+    const options = this.options;
+    const serverWireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+    const inTransaction = this.session && this.session.inTransaction();
+
+    if (this.readConcern && commandSupportsReadConcern(cmd) && !inTransaction) {
+      Object.assign(cmd, { readConcern: this.readConcern });
+    }
+
+    if (options.collation && serverWireVersion < SUPPORTS_WRITE_CONCERN_AND_COLLATION) {
+      callback(
+        new MongoError(
+          `Server ${server.name}, which reports wire version ${serverWireVersion}, does not support collation`
+        )
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (serverWireVersion >= SUPPORTS_WRITE_CONCERN_AND_COLLATION) {
+      if (this.writeConcern && this.hasAspect(Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION)) {
+        Object.assign(cmd, { writeConcern: this.writeConcern });
+      }
+
+      if (options.collation && typeof options.collation === 'object') {
+        Object.assign(cmd, { collation: options.collation });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.maxTimeMS === 'number') {
+      cmd.maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.comment === 'string') {
+      cmd.comment = options.comment;
+    }
+
+    if (this.hasAspect(Aspect.EXPLAINABLE) && this.explain) {
+      if (serverWireVersion < 6 && cmd.aggregate) {
+        // Prior to 3.6, with aggregate, verbosity is ignored, and we must pass in "explain: true"
+        cmd.explain = true;
+      } else {
+        cmd = decorateWithExplain(cmd, this.explain);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.logger && this.logger.isDebug()) {
+      this.logger.debug(`executing command ${JSON.stringify(cmd)} against ${this.ns}`);
+    }
+
+    server.command(this.ns.toString(), cmd, this.options, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (this.fullResponse) {
+        callback(null, result);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      callback(null, result.result);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function resolveWriteConcern(parent, options) {
+  return WriteConcern.fromOptions(options) || (parent && parent.writeConcern);
+}
+
+function resolveReadConcern(parent, options) {
+  return ReadConcern.fromOptions(options) || (parent && parent.readConcern);
+}
+
+module.exports = CommandOperationV2;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/common_functions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/common_functions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b9c172f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/common_functions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyRetryableWrites = require('../utils').applyRetryableWrites;
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const decorateWithCollation = require('../utils').decorateWithCollation;
+const decorateWithReadConcern = require('../utils').decorateWithReadConcern;
+const executeCommand = require('./db_ops').executeCommand;
+const formattedOrderClause = require('../utils').formattedOrderClause;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+const CursorState = require('../core/cursor').CursorState;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+
+/**
+ * Build the count command.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {collectionOrCursor} an instance of a collection or cursor
+ * @param {object} query The query for the count.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.count and Cursor.prototype.count for a list of options.
+ */
+function buildCountCommand(collectionOrCursor, query, options) {
+  const skip = options.skip;
+  const limit = options.limit;
+  let hint = options.hint;
+  const maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+  query = query || {};
+
+  // Final query
+  const cmd = {
+    count: options.collectionName,
+    query: query
+  };
+
+  if (collectionOrCursor.s.numberOfRetries) {
+    // collectionOrCursor is a cursor
+    if (collectionOrCursor.options.hint) {
+      hint = collectionOrCursor.options.hint;
+    } else if (collectionOrCursor.cmd.hint) {
+      hint = collectionOrCursor.cmd.hint;
+    }
+    decorateWithCollation(cmd, collectionOrCursor, collectionOrCursor.cmd);
+  } else {
+    decorateWithCollation(cmd, collectionOrCursor, options);
+  }
+
+  // Add limit, skip and maxTimeMS if defined
+  if (typeof skip === 'number') cmd.skip = skip;
+  if (typeof limit === 'number') cmd.limit = limit;
+  if (typeof maxTimeMS === 'number') cmd.maxTimeMS = maxTimeMS;
+  if (hint) cmd.hint = hint;
+
+  // Do we have a readConcern specified
+  decorateWithReadConcern(cmd, collectionOrCursor);
+
+  return cmd;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find and update a document.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @param {object} query Query object to locate the object to modify.
+ * @param {array} sort If multiple docs match, choose the first one in the specified sort order as the object to manipulate.
+ * @param {object} doc The fields/vals to be updated.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.findAndModify for a list of options.
+ * @param {Collection~findAndModifyCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ * @deprecated use findOneAndUpdate, findOneAndReplace or findOneAndDelete instead
+ */
+function findAndModify(coll, query, sort, doc, options, callback) {
+  // Create findAndModify command object
+  const queryObject = {
+    findAndModify: coll.collectionName,
+    query: query
+  };
+
+  sort = formattedOrderClause(sort);
+  if (sort) {
+    queryObject.sort = sort;
+  }
+
+  queryObject.new = options.new ? true : false;
+  queryObject.remove = options.remove ? true : false;
+  queryObject.upsert = options.upsert ? true : false;
+
+  const projection = options.projection || options.fields;
+
+  if (projection) {
+    queryObject.fields = projection;
+  }
+
+  if (options.arrayFilters) {
+    queryObject.arrayFilters = options.arrayFilters;
+    delete options.arrayFilters;
+  }
+
+  if (doc && !options.remove) {
+    queryObject.update = doc;
+  }
+
+  if (options.maxTimeMS) queryObject.maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+
+  // Either use override on the function, or go back to default on either the collection
+  // level or db
+  options.serializeFunctions = options.serializeFunctions || coll.s.serializeFunctions;
+
+  // No check on the documents
+  options.checkKeys = false;
+
+  // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+  let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+  finalOptions = applyRetryableWrites(finalOptions, coll.s.db);
+  finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+  // Decorate the findAndModify command with the write Concern
+  if (finalOptions.writeConcern) {
+    queryObject.writeConcern = finalOptions.writeConcern;
+  }
+
+  // Have we specified bypassDocumentValidation
+  if (finalOptions.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+    queryObject.bypassDocumentValidation = finalOptions.bypassDocumentValidation;
+  }
+
+  finalOptions.readPreference = ReadPreference.primary;
+
+  // Have we specified collation
+  try {
+    decorateWithCollation(queryObject, coll, finalOptions);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return callback(err, null);
+  }
+
+  // Execute the command
+  executeCommand(coll.s.db, queryObject, finalOptions, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+
+    return handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves this collections index info.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to retrieve the index info.
+ * @param {string} name The name of the collection.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.indexInformation for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function indexInformation(db, name, options, callback) {
+  // If we specified full information
+  const full = options['full'] == null ? false : options['full'];
+
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed())
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+  // Process all the results from the index command and collection
+  function processResults(indexes) {
+    // Contains all the information
+    let info = {};
+    // Process all the indexes
+    for (let i = 0; i < indexes.length; i++) {
+      const index = indexes[i];
+      // Let's unpack the object
+      info[index.name] = [];
+      for (let name in index.key) {
+        info[index.name].push([name, index.key[name]]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return info;
+  }
+
+  // Get the list of indexes of the specified collection
+  db.collection(name)
+    .listIndexes(options)
+    .toArray((err, indexes) => {
+      if (err) return callback(toError(err));
+      if (!Array.isArray(indexes)) return handleCallback(callback, null, []);
+      if (full) return handleCallback(callback, null, indexes);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, processResults(indexes));
+    });
+}
+
+function prepareDocs(coll, docs, options) {
+  const forceServerObjectId =
+    typeof options.forceServerObjectId === 'boolean'
+      ? options.forceServerObjectId
+      : coll.s.db.options.forceServerObjectId;
+
+  // no need to modify the docs if server sets the ObjectId
+  if (forceServerObjectId === true) {
+    return docs;
+  }
+
+  return docs.map(doc => {
+    if (forceServerObjectId !== true && doc._id == null) {
+      doc._id = coll.s.pkFactory.createPk();
+    }
+
+    return doc;
+  });
+}
+
+// Get the next available document from the cursor, returns null if no more documents are available.
+function nextObject(cursor, callback) {
+  if (cursor.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || (cursor.isDead && cursor.isDead())) {
+    return handleCallback(
+      callback,
+      MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true })
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (cursor.s.state === CursorState.INIT && cursor.cmd && cursor.cmd.sort) {
+    try {
+      cursor.cmd.sort = formattedOrderClause(cursor.cmd.sort);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return handleCallback(callback, err);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get the next object
+  cursor._next((err, doc) => {
+    cursor.s.state = CursorState.OPEN;
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+    handleCallback(callback, null, doc);
+  });
+}
+
+function insertDocuments(coll, docs, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+  // Ensure we are operating on an array op docs
+  docs = Array.isArray(docs) ? docs : [docs];
+
+  // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+  let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+  finalOptions = applyRetryableWrites(finalOptions, coll.s.db);
+  finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+  // If keep going set unordered
+  if (finalOptions.keepGoing === true) finalOptions.ordered = false;
+  finalOptions.serializeFunctions = options.serializeFunctions || coll.s.serializeFunctions;
+
+  docs = prepareDocs(coll, docs, options);
+
+  // File inserts
+  coll.s.topology.insert(coll.s.namespace, docs, finalOptions, (err, result) => {
+    if (callback == null) return;
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+    if (result == null) return handleCallback(callback, null, null);
+    if (result.result.code) return handleCallback(callback, toError(result.result));
+    if (result.result.writeErrors)
+      return handleCallback(callback, toError(result.result.writeErrors[0]));
+    // Add docs to the list
+    result.ops = docs;
+    // Return the results
+    handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+  });
+}
+
+function removeDocuments(coll, selector, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    (callback = options), (options = {});
+  } else if (typeof selector === 'function') {
+    callback = selector;
+    options = {};
+    selector = {};
+  }
+
+  // Create an empty options object if the provided one is null
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+  let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+  finalOptions = applyRetryableWrites(finalOptions, coll.s.db);
+  finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+  // If selector is null set empty
+  if (selector == null) selector = {};
+
+  // Build the op
+  const op = { q: selector, limit: 0 };
+  if (options.single) {
+    op.limit = 1;
+  } else if (finalOptions.retryWrites) {
+    finalOptions.retryWrites = false;
+  }
+  if (options.hint) {
+    op.hint = options.hint;
+  }
+
+  // Have we specified collation
+  try {
+    decorateWithCollation(finalOptions, coll, options);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return callback(err, null);
+  }
+
+  if (options.explain !== undefined && maxWireVersion(coll.s.topology) < 3) {
+    return callback
+      ? callback(new MongoError(`server does not support explain on remove`))
+      : undefined;
+  }
+
+  // Execute the remove
+  coll.s.topology.remove(coll.s.namespace, [op], finalOptions, (err, result) => {
+    if (callback == null) return;
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    if (result == null) return handleCallback(callback, null, null);
+    if (result.result.code) return handleCallback(callback, toError(result.result));
+    if (result.result.writeErrors) {
+      return handleCallback(callback, toError(result.result.writeErrors[0]));
+    }
+
+    // Return the results
+    handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+  });
+}
+
+function updateDocuments(coll, selector, document, options, callback) {
+  if ('function' === typeof options) (callback = options), (options = null);
+  if (options == null) options = {};
+  if (!('function' === typeof callback)) callback = null;
+
+  // If we are not providing a selector or document throw
+  if (selector == null || typeof selector !== 'object')
+    return callback(toError('selector must be a valid JavaScript object'));
+  if (document == null || typeof document !== 'object')
+    return callback(toError('document must be a valid JavaScript object'));
+
+  // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+  let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+  finalOptions = applyRetryableWrites(finalOptions, coll.s.db);
+  finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+  // Do we return the actual result document
+  // Either use override on the function, or go back to default on either the collection
+  // level or db
+  finalOptions.serializeFunctions = options.serializeFunctions || coll.s.serializeFunctions;
+
+  // Execute the operation
+  const op = { q: selector, u: document };
+  op.upsert = options.upsert !== void 0 ? !!options.upsert : false;
+  op.multi = options.multi !== void 0 ? !!options.multi : false;
+
+  if (options.hint) {
+    op.hint = options.hint;
+  }
+
+  if (finalOptions.arrayFilters) {
+    op.arrayFilters = finalOptions.arrayFilters;
+    delete finalOptions.arrayFilters;
+  }
+
+  if (finalOptions.retryWrites && op.multi) {
+    finalOptions.retryWrites = false;
+  }
+
+  // Have we specified collation
+  try {
+    decorateWithCollation(finalOptions, coll, options);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return callback(err, null);
+  }
+
+  if (options.explain !== undefined && maxWireVersion(coll.s.topology) < 3) {
+    return callback
+      ? callback(new MongoError(`server does not support explain on update`))
+      : undefined;
+  }
+
+  // Update options
+  coll.s.topology.update(coll.s.namespace, [op], finalOptions, (err, result) => {
+    if (callback == null) return;
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    if (result == null) return handleCallback(callback, null, null);
+    if (result.result.code) return handleCallback(callback, toError(result.result));
+    if (result.result.writeErrors)
+      return handleCallback(callback, toError(result.result.writeErrors[0]));
+    // Return the results
+    handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  buildCountCommand,
+  findAndModify,
+  indexInformation,
+  nextObject,
+  prepareDocs,
+  insertDocuments,
+  removeDocuments,
+  updateDocuments
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/connect.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/connect.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4533d2847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/connect.js
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+const Logger = require('../core').Logger;
+const MongoCredentials = require('../core').MongoCredentials;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const Mongos = require('../topologies/mongos');
+const NativeTopology = require('../topologies/native_topology');
+const parse = require('../core').parseConnectionString;
+const ReadConcern = require('../read_concern');
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const ReplSet = require('../topologies/replset');
+const Server = require('../topologies/server');
+const ServerSessionPool = require('../core').Sessions.ServerSessionPool;
+const emitDeprecationWarning = require('../utils').emitDeprecationWarning;
+const emitWarningOnce = require('../utils').emitWarningOnce;
+const fs = require('fs');
+const WriteConcern = require('../write_concern');
+const CMAP_EVENT_NAMES = require('../cmap/events').CMAP_EVENT_NAMES;
+
+let client;
+function loadClient() {
+  if (!client) {
+    client = require('../mongo_client');
+  }
+  return client;
+}
+
+const legacyParse = deprecate(
+  require('../url_parser'),
+  'current URL string parser is deprecated, and will be removed in a future version. ' +
+    'To use the new parser, pass option { useNewUrlParser: true } to MongoClient.connect.'
+);
+
+const AUTH_MECHANISM_INTERNAL_MAP = {
+  DEFAULT: 'default',
+  PLAIN: 'plain',
+  GSSAPI: 'gssapi',
+  'MONGODB-CR': 'mongocr',
+  'MONGODB-X509': 'x509',
+  'MONGODB-AWS': 'mongodb-aws',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-1': 'scram-sha-1',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-256': 'scram-sha-256'
+};
+
+const monitoringEvents = [
+  'timeout',
+  'close',
+  'serverOpening',
+  'serverDescriptionChanged',
+  'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+  'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+  'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+  'serverClosed',
+  'topologyOpening',
+  'topologyClosed',
+  'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+  'commandStarted',
+  'commandSucceeded',
+  'commandFailed',
+  'joined',
+  'left',
+  'ping',
+  'ha',
+  'all',
+  'fullsetup',
+  'open'
+];
+
+const VALID_AUTH_MECHANISMS = new Set([
+  'DEFAULT',
+  'PLAIN',
+  'GSSAPI',
+  'MONGODB-CR',
+  'MONGODB-X509',
+  'MONGODB-AWS',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-1',
+  'SCRAM-SHA-256'
+]);
+
+const validOptionNames = [
+  'poolSize',
+  'ssl',
+  'sslValidate',
+  'sslCA',
+  'sslCert',
+  'sslKey',
+  'sslPass',
+  'sslCRL',
+  'autoReconnect',
+  'noDelay',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'connectTimeoutMS',
+  'family',
+  'socketTimeoutMS',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'reconnectInterval',
+  'ha',
+  'haInterval',
+  'replicaSet',
+  'secondaryAcceptableLatencyMS',
+  'acceptableLatencyMS',
+  'connectWithNoPrimary',
+  'authSource',
+  'w',
+  'wtimeout',
+  'j',
+  'writeConcern',
+  'forceServerObjectId',
+  'serializeFunctions',
+  'ignoreUndefined',
+  'raw',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'readPreference',
+  'pkFactory',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'readConcern',
+  'maxStalenessSeconds',
+  'loggerLevel',
+  'logger',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'domainsEnabled',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'validateOptions',
+  'appname',
+  'auth',
+  'user',
+  'password',
+  'authMechanism',
+  'compression',
+  'fsync',
+  'readPreferenceTags',
+  'numberOfRetries',
+  'auto_reconnect',
+  'minSize',
+  'monitorCommands',
+  'retryWrites',
+  'retryReads',
+  'useNewUrlParser',
+  'useUnifiedTopology',
+  'serverSelectionTimeoutMS',
+  'useRecoveryToken',
+  'autoEncryption',
+  'driverInfo',
+  'tls',
+  'tlsInsecure',
+  'tlsinsecure',
+  'tlsAllowInvalidCertificates',
+  'tlsAllowInvalidHostnames',
+  'tlsCAFile',
+  'tlsCertificateFile',
+  'tlsCertificateKeyFile',
+  'tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword',
+  'minHeartbeatFrequencyMS',
+  'heartbeatFrequencyMS',
+  'directConnection',
+  'appName',
+
+  // CMAP options
+  'maxPoolSize',
+  'minPoolSize',
+  'maxIdleTimeMS',
+  'waitQueueTimeoutMS'
+];
+
+const ignoreOptionNames = ['native_parser'];
+const legacyOptionNames = ['server', 'replset', 'replSet', 'mongos', 'db'];
+
+// Validate options object
+function validOptions(options) {
+  const _validOptions = validOptionNames.concat(legacyOptionNames);
+
+  for (const name in options) {
+    if (ignoreOptionNames.indexOf(name) !== -1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (_validOptions.indexOf(name) === -1) {
+      if (options.validateOptions) {
+        return new MongoError(`option ${name} is not supported`);
+      } else {
+        emitWarningOnce(`the options [${name}] is not supported`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (legacyOptionNames.indexOf(name) !== -1) {
+      emitWarningOnce(
+        `the server/replset/mongos/db options are deprecated, ` +
+          `all their options are supported at the top level of the options object [${validOptionNames}]`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const LEGACY_OPTIONS_MAP = validOptionNames.reduce((obj, name) => {
+  obj[name.toLowerCase()] = name;
+  return obj;
+}, {});
+
+function addListeners(mongoClient, topology) {
+  topology.on('authenticated', createListener(mongoClient, 'authenticated'));
+  topology.on('error', createListener(mongoClient, 'error'));
+  topology.on('timeout', createListener(mongoClient, 'timeout'));
+  topology.on('close', createListener(mongoClient, 'close'));
+  topology.on('parseError', createListener(mongoClient, 'parseError'));
+  topology.once('open', createListener(mongoClient, 'open'));
+  topology.once('fullsetup', createListener(mongoClient, 'fullsetup'));
+  topology.once('all', createListener(mongoClient, 'all'));
+  topology.on('reconnect', createListener(mongoClient, 'reconnect'));
+}
+
+function assignTopology(client, topology) {
+  client.topology = topology;
+
+  if (!(topology instanceof NativeTopology)) {
+    topology.s.sessionPool = new ServerSessionPool(topology.s.coreTopology);
+  }
+}
+
+// Clear out all events
+function clearAllEvents(topology) {
+  monitoringEvents.forEach(event => topology.removeAllListeners(event));
+}
+
+// Collect all events in order from SDAM
+function collectEvents(mongoClient, topology) {
+  let MongoClient = loadClient();
+  const collectedEvents = [];
+
+  if (mongoClient instanceof MongoClient) {
+    monitoringEvents.forEach(event => {
+      topology.on(event, (object1, object2) => {
+        if (event === 'open') {
+          collectedEvents.push({ event: event, object1: mongoClient });
+        } else {
+          collectedEvents.push({ event: event, object1: object1, object2: object2 });
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  return collectedEvents;
+}
+
+function resolveTLSOptions(options) {
+  if (options.tls == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ['sslCA', 'sslKey', 'sslCert'].forEach(optionName => {
+    if (options[optionName]) {
+      options[optionName] = fs.readFileSync(options[optionName]);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function connect(mongoClient, url, options, callback) {
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // If callback is null throw an exception
+  if (callback == null) {
+    throw new Error('no callback function provided');
+  }
+
+  let didRequestAuthentication = false;
+  const logger = Logger('MongoClient', options);
+
+  // Did we pass in a Server/ReplSet/Mongos
+  if (url instanceof Server || url instanceof ReplSet || url instanceof Mongos) {
+    return connectWithUrl(mongoClient, url, options, connectCallback);
+  }
+
+  const useNewUrlParser = options.useNewUrlParser !== false;
+
+  const parseFn = useNewUrlParser ? parse : legacyParse;
+  const transform = useNewUrlParser ? transformUrlOptions : legacyTransformUrlOptions;
+
+  parseFn(url, options, (err, _object) => {
+    // Do not attempt to connect if parsing error
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    // Flatten
+    const object = transform(_object);
+
+    // Parse the string
+    const _finalOptions = createUnifiedOptions(object, options);
+
+    // Check if we have connection and socket timeout set
+    if (_finalOptions.socketTimeoutMS == null) _finalOptions.socketTimeoutMS = 0;
+    if (_finalOptions.connectTimeoutMS == null) _finalOptions.connectTimeoutMS = 10000;
+    if (_finalOptions.retryWrites == null) _finalOptions.retryWrites = true;
+    if (_finalOptions.useRecoveryToken == null) _finalOptions.useRecoveryToken = true;
+    if (_finalOptions.readPreference == null) _finalOptions.readPreference = 'primary';
+
+    if (_finalOptions.db_options && _finalOptions.db_options.auth) {
+      delete _finalOptions.db_options.auth;
+    }
+
+    // resolve tls options if needed
+    resolveTLSOptions(_finalOptions);
+
+    // Store the merged options object
+    mongoClient.s.options = _finalOptions;
+
+    // Apply read and write concern from parsed url
+    mongoClient.s.readPreference = ReadPreference.fromOptions(_finalOptions);
+    mongoClient.s.writeConcern = WriteConcern.fromOptions(_finalOptions);
+
+    // Failure modes
+    if (object.servers.length === 0) {
+      return callback(new Error('connection string must contain at least one seed host'));
+    }
+
+    if (_finalOptions.auth && !_finalOptions.credentials) {
+      try {
+        didRequestAuthentication = true;
+        _finalOptions.credentials = generateCredentials(
+          mongoClient,
+          _finalOptions.auth.user,
+          _finalOptions.auth.password,
+          _finalOptions
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (_finalOptions.useUnifiedTopology) {
+      return createTopology(mongoClient, 'unified', _finalOptions, connectCallback);
+    }
+
+    emitWarningOnce(
+      'Current Server Discovery and Monitoring engine is deprecated, and will be removed in a future version. To use the new Server Discover and Monitoring engine, pass option { useUnifiedTopology: true } to the MongoClient constructor.'
+    );
+
+    // Do we have a replicaset then skip discovery and go straight to connectivity
+    if (_finalOptions.replicaSet || _finalOptions.rs_name) {
+      return createTopology(mongoClient, 'replicaset', _finalOptions, connectCallback);
+    } else if (object.servers.length > 1) {
+      return createTopology(mongoClient, 'mongos', _finalOptions, connectCallback);
+    } else {
+      return createServer(mongoClient, _finalOptions, connectCallback);
+    }
+  });
+
+  function connectCallback(err, topology) {
+    const warningMessage = `seed list contains no mongos proxies, replicaset connections requires the parameter replicaSet to be supplied in the URI or options object, mongodb://server:port/db?replicaSet=name`;
+    if (err && err.message === 'no mongos proxies found in seed list') {
+      if (logger.isWarn()) {
+        logger.warn(warningMessage);
+      }
+
+      // Return a more specific error message for MongoClient.connect
+      return callback(new MongoError(warningMessage));
+    }
+
+    if (didRequestAuthentication) {
+      mongoClient.emit('authenticated', null, true);
+    }
+
+    // Return the error and db instance
+    callback(err, topology);
+  }
+}
+
+function connectWithUrl(mongoClient, url, options, connectCallback) {
+  // Set the topology
+  assignTopology(mongoClient, url);
+
+  // Add listeners
+  addListeners(mongoClient, url);
+
+  // Propagate the events to the client
+  relayEvents(mongoClient, url);
+
+  let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // If we have a readPreference passed in by the db options, convert it from a string
+  if (typeof options.readPreference === 'string' || typeof options.read_preference === 'string') {
+    finalOptions.readPreference = new ReadPreference(
+      options.readPreference || options.read_preference
+    );
+  }
+
+  const isDoingAuth = finalOptions.user || finalOptions.password || finalOptions.authMechanism;
+  if (isDoingAuth && !finalOptions.credentials) {
+    try {
+      finalOptions.credentials = generateCredentials(
+        mongoClient,
+        finalOptions.user,
+        finalOptions.password,
+        finalOptions
+      );
+    } catch (err) {
+      return connectCallback(err, url);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return url.connect(finalOptions, connectCallback);
+}
+
+function createListener(mongoClient, event) {
+  const eventSet = new Set(['all', 'fullsetup', 'open', 'reconnect']);
+  return (v1, v2) => {
+    if (eventSet.has(event)) {
+      return mongoClient.emit(event, mongoClient);
+    }
+
+    mongoClient.emit(event, v1, v2);
+  };
+}
+
+function createServer(mongoClient, options, callback) {
+  // Pass in the promise library
+  options.promiseLibrary = mongoClient.s.promiseLibrary;
+
+  // Set default options
+  const servers = translateOptions(options);
+
+  const server = servers[0];
+
+  // Propagate the events to the client
+  const collectedEvents = collectEvents(mongoClient, server);
+
+  // Connect to topology
+  server.connect(options, (err, topology) => {
+    if (err) {
+      server.close(true);
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+    // Clear out all the collected event listeners
+    clearAllEvents(server);
+
+    // Relay all the events
+    relayEvents(mongoClient, server);
+    // Add listeners
+    addListeners(mongoClient, server);
+    // Check if we are really speaking to a mongos
+    const ismaster = topology.lastIsMaster();
+
+    // Set the topology
+    assignTopology(mongoClient, topology);
+
+    // Do we actually have a mongos
+    if (ismaster && ismaster.msg === 'isdbgrid') {
+      // Destroy the current connection
+      topology.close();
+      // Create mongos connection instead
+      return createTopology(mongoClient, 'mongos', options, callback);
+    }
+
+    // Fire all the events
+    replayEvents(mongoClient, collectedEvents);
+    // Otherwise callback
+    callback(err, topology);
+  });
+}
+
+const DEPRECATED_UNIFIED_EVENTS = new Set([
+  'reconnect',
+  'reconnectFailed',
+  'attemptReconnect',
+  'joined',
+  'left',
+  'ping',
+  'ha',
+  'all',
+  'fullsetup',
+  'open'
+]);
+
+function registerDeprecatedEventNotifiers(client) {
+  client.on('newListener', eventName => {
+    if (DEPRECATED_UNIFIED_EVENTS.has(eventName)) {
+      emitDeprecationWarning(
+        `The \`${eventName}\` event is no longer supported by the unified topology, please read more by visiting http://bit.ly/2D8WfT6`,
+        'DeprecationWarning'
+      );
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function createTopology(mongoClient, topologyType, options, callback) {
+  // Pass in the promise library
+  options.promiseLibrary = mongoClient.s.promiseLibrary;
+
+  const translationOptions = {};
+  if (topologyType === 'unified') translationOptions.createServers = false;
+
+  // Set default options
+  const servers = translateOptions(options, translationOptions);
+
+  // determine CSFLE support
+  if (options.autoEncryption != null) {
+    const Encrypter = require('../encrypter').Encrypter;
+    options.encrypter = new Encrypter(mongoClient, options);
+    options.autoEncrypter = options.encrypter.autoEncrypter;
+  }
+
+  // Create the topology
+  let topology;
+  if (topologyType === 'mongos') {
+    topology = new Mongos(servers, options);
+  } else if (topologyType === 'replicaset') {
+    topology = new ReplSet(servers, options);
+  } else if (topologyType === 'unified') {
+    topology = new NativeTopology(options.servers, options);
+    registerDeprecatedEventNotifiers(mongoClient);
+  }
+
+  // Add listeners
+  addListeners(mongoClient, topology);
+
+  // Propagate the events to the client
+  relayEvents(mongoClient, topology);
+
+  // Open the connection
+  assignTopology(mongoClient, topology);
+
+  // initialize CSFLE if requested
+  if (options.autoEncrypter) {
+    options.autoEncrypter.init(err => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      topology.connect(options, err => {
+        if (err) {
+          topology.close(true);
+          callback(err);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        options.encrypter.connectInternalClient(error => {
+          if (error) return callback(error);
+          callback(undefined, topology);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // otherwise connect normally
+  topology.connect(options, err => {
+    if (err) {
+      topology.close(true);
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    callback(undefined, topology);
+    return;
+  });
+}
+
+function createUnifiedOptions(finalOptions, options) {
+  const childOptions = [
+    'mongos',
+    'server',
+    'db',
+    'replset',
+    'db_options',
+    'server_options',
+    'rs_options',
+    'mongos_options'
+  ];
+  const noMerge = ['readconcern', 'compression', 'autoencryption'];
+  const skip = ['w', 'wtimeout', 'j', 'journal', 'fsync', 'writeconcern'];
+
+  for (const name in options) {
+    if (skip.indexOf(name.toLowerCase()) !== -1) {
+      continue;
+    } else if (noMerge.indexOf(name.toLowerCase()) !== -1) {
+      finalOptions[name] = options[name];
+    } else if (childOptions.indexOf(name.toLowerCase()) !== -1) {
+      finalOptions = mergeOptions(finalOptions, options[name], false);
+    } else {
+      if (
+        options[name] &&
+        typeof options[name] === 'object' &&
+        !Buffer.isBuffer(options[name]) &&
+        !Array.isArray(options[name])
+      ) {
+        finalOptions = mergeOptions(finalOptions, options[name], true);
+      } else {
+        finalOptions[name] = options[name];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Handle write concern keys separately, since `options` may have the keys at the top level or
+  // under `options.writeConcern`. The final merged keys will be under `finalOptions.writeConcern`.
+  // This way, `fromOptions` will warn once if `options` is using deprecated write concern options
+  const optionsWriteConcern = WriteConcern.fromOptions(options);
+  if (optionsWriteConcern) {
+    finalOptions.writeConcern = Object.assign({}, finalOptions.writeConcern, optionsWriteConcern);
+  }
+
+  return finalOptions;
+}
+
+function generateCredentials(client, username, password, options) {
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+  // the default db to authenticate against is 'self'
+  // if authententicate is called from a retry context, it may be another one, like admin
+  const source = options.authSource || options.authdb || options.dbName;
+
+  // authMechanism
+  const authMechanismRaw = options.authMechanism || 'DEFAULT';
+  const authMechanism = authMechanismRaw.toUpperCase();
+  const mechanismProperties = options.authMechanismProperties;
+
+  if (!VALID_AUTH_MECHANISMS.has(authMechanism)) {
+    throw MongoError.create({
+      message: `authentication mechanism ${authMechanismRaw} not supported', options.authMechanism`,
+      driver: true
+    });
+  }
+
+  return new MongoCredentials({
+    mechanism: AUTH_MECHANISM_INTERNAL_MAP[authMechanism],
+    mechanismProperties,
+    source,
+    username,
+    password
+  });
+}
+
+function legacyTransformUrlOptions(object) {
+  return mergeOptions(createUnifiedOptions({}, object), object, false);
+}
+
+function mergeOptions(target, source, flatten) {
+  for (const name in source) {
+    if (source[name] && typeof source[name] === 'object' && flatten) {
+      target = mergeOptions(target, source[name], flatten);
+    } else {
+      target[name] = source[name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+function relayEvents(mongoClient, topology) {
+  const serverOrCommandEvents = [
+    // APM
+    'commandStarted',
+    'commandSucceeded',
+    'commandFailed',
+
+    // SDAM
+    'serverOpening',
+    'serverClosed',
+    'serverDescriptionChanged',
+    'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+    'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+    'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+    'topologyOpening',
+    'topologyClosed',
+    'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+
+    // Legacy
+    'joined',
+    'left',
+    'ping',
+    'ha'
+  ].concat(CMAP_EVENT_NAMES);
+
+  serverOrCommandEvents.forEach(event => {
+    topology.on(event, (object1, object2) => {
+      mongoClient.emit(event, object1, object2);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+//
+// Replay any events due to single server connection switching to Mongos
+//
+function replayEvents(mongoClient, events) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
+    mongoClient.emit(events[i].event, events[i].object1, events[i].object2);
+  }
+}
+
+function transformUrlOptions(_object) {
+  let object = Object.assign({ servers: _object.hosts }, _object.options);
+  for (let name in object) {
+    const camelCaseName = LEGACY_OPTIONS_MAP[name];
+    if (camelCaseName) {
+      object[camelCaseName] = object[name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  const hasUsername = _object.auth && _object.auth.username;
+  const hasAuthMechanism = _object.options && _object.options.authMechanism;
+  if (hasUsername || hasAuthMechanism) {
+    object.auth = Object.assign({}, _object.auth);
+    if (object.auth.db) {
+      object.authSource = object.authSource || object.auth.db;
+    }
+
+    if (object.auth.username) {
+      object.auth.user = object.auth.username;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (_object.defaultDatabase) {
+    object.dbName = _object.defaultDatabase;
+  }
+
+  if (object.maxPoolSize) {
+    object.poolSize = object.maxPoolSize;
+  }
+
+  if (object.readConcernLevel) {
+    object.readConcern = new ReadConcern(object.readConcernLevel);
+  }
+
+  if (object.wTimeoutMS) {
+    object.wtimeout = object.wTimeoutMS;
+    object.wTimeoutMS = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (_object.srvHost) {
+    object.srvHost = _object.srvHost;
+  }
+
+  // Any write concern options from the URL will be top-level, so we manually
+  // move them options under `object.writeConcern` to avoid warnings later
+  const wcKeys = ['w', 'wtimeout', 'j', 'journal', 'fsync'];
+  for (const key of wcKeys) {
+    if (object[key] !== undefined) {
+      if (object.writeConcern === undefined) object.writeConcern = {};
+      object.writeConcern[key] = object[key];
+      object[key] = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return object;
+}
+
+function translateOptions(options, translationOptions) {
+  translationOptions = Object.assign({}, { createServers: true }, translationOptions);
+
+  // If we have a readPreference passed in by the db options
+  if (typeof options.readPreference === 'string' || typeof options.read_preference === 'string') {
+    options.readPreference = new ReadPreference(options.readPreference || options.read_preference);
+  }
+
+  // Do we have readPreference tags, add them
+  if (options.readPreference && (options.readPreferenceTags || options.read_preference_tags)) {
+    options.readPreference.tags = options.readPreferenceTags || options.read_preference_tags;
+  }
+
+  // Do we have maxStalenessSeconds
+  if (options.maxStalenessSeconds) {
+    options.readPreference.maxStalenessSeconds = options.maxStalenessSeconds;
+  }
+
+  // Set the socket and connection timeouts
+  if (options.socketTimeoutMS == null) options.socketTimeoutMS = 0;
+  if (options.connectTimeoutMS == null) options.connectTimeoutMS = 10000;
+
+  if (!translationOptions.createServers) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create server instances
+  return options.servers.map(serverObj => {
+    return serverObj.domain_socket
+      ? new Server(serverObj.domain_socket, 27017, options)
+      : new Server(serverObj.host, serverObj.port, options);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = { validOptions, connect };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/count.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/count.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7216d6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/count.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const buildCountCommand = require('./common_functions').buildCountCommand;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+
+class CountOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(cursor, applySkipLimit, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.cursor = cursor;
+    this.applySkipLimit = applySkipLimit;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const cursor = this.cursor;
+    const applySkipLimit = this.applySkipLimit;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    if (applySkipLimit) {
+      if (typeof cursor.cursorSkip() === 'number') options.skip = cursor.cursorSkip();
+      if (typeof cursor.cursorLimit() === 'number') options.limit = cursor.cursorLimit();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we have the right read preference inheritance
+    if (options.readPreference) {
+      cursor.setReadPreference(options.readPreference);
+    }
+
+    if (
+      typeof options.maxTimeMS !== 'number' &&
+      cursor.cmd &&
+      typeof cursor.cmd.maxTimeMS === 'number'
+    ) {
+      options.maxTimeMS = cursor.cmd.maxTimeMS;
+    }
+
+    let finalOptions = {};
+    finalOptions.skip = options.skip;
+    finalOptions.limit = options.limit;
+    finalOptions.hint = options.hint;
+    finalOptions.maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+
+    // Command
+    finalOptions.collectionName = cursor.namespace.collection;
+
+    let command;
+    try {
+      command = buildCountCommand(cursor, cursor.cmd.query, finalOptions);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    // Set cursor server to the same as the topology
+    cursor.server = cursor.topology.s.coreTopology;
+
+    // Execute the command
+    cursor.topology.command(
+      cursor.namespace.withCollection('$cmd'),
+      command,
+      cursor.options,
+      (err, result) => {
+        callback(err, result ? result.result.n : null);
+      }
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = CountOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/count_documents.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/count_documents.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d043abfa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/count_documents.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const AggregateOperation = require('./aggregate');
+
+class CountDocumentsOperation extends AggregateOperation {
+  constructor(collection, query, options) {
+    const pipeline = [{ $match: query }];
+    if (typeof options.skip === 'number') {
+      pipeline.push({ $skip: options.skip });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.limit === 'number') {
+      pipeline.push({ $limit: options.limit });
+    }
+
+    pipeline.push({ $group: { _id: 1, n: { $sum: 1 } } });
+
+    super(collection, pipeline, options);
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    super.execute(server, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // NOTE: We're avoiding creating a cursor here to reduce the callstack.
+      const response = result.result;
+      if (response.cursor == null || response.cursor.firstBatch == null) {
+        callback(null, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const docs = response.cursor.firstBatch;
+      callback(null, docs.length ? docs[0].n : 0);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = CountDocumentsOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/create_collection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/create_collection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c84adb02f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/create_collection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const loadCollection = require('../dynamic_loaders').loadCollection;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+
+const ILLEGAL_COMMAND_FIELDS = new Set([
+  'w',
+  'wtimeout',
+  'j',
+  'fsync',
+  'autoIndexId',
+  'strict',
+  'serializeFunctions',
+  'pkFactory',
+  'raw',
+  'readPreference',
+  'session',
+  'readConcern',
+  'writeConcern'
+]);
+
+class CreateCollectionOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(db, name, options) {
+    super(db, options);
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const name = this.name;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    const cmd = { create: name };
+    for (let n in options) {
+      if (
+        options[n] != null &&
+        typeof options[n] !== 'function' &&
+        !ILLEGAL_COMMAND_FIELDS.has(n)
+      ) {
+        cmd[n] = options[n];
+      }
+    }
+
+    return cmd;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const db = this.db;
+    const name = this.name;
+    const options = this.options;
+    const Collection = loadCollection();
+
+    let listCollectionOptions = Object.assign({ nameOnly: true, strict: false }, options);
+    listCollectionOptions = applyWriteConcern(listCollectionOptions, { db }, listCollectionOptions);
+
+    function done(err) {
+      if (err) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        callback(
+          null,
+          new Collection(db, db.s.topology, db.databaseName, name, db.s.pkFactory, options)
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        callback(err);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const strictMode = listCollectionOptions.strict;
+    if (strictMode) {
+      db.listCollections({ name }, listCollectionOptions)
+        .setReadPreference(ReadPreference.PRIMARY)
+        .toArray((err, collections) => {
+          if (err) {
+            return callback(err);
+          }
+
+          if (collections.length > 0) {
+            return callback(
+              new MongoError(`Collection ${name} already exists. Currently in strict mode.`)
+            );
+          }
+
+          super.execute(done);
+        });
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // otherwise just execute the command
+    super.execute(done);
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(CreateCollectionOperation, Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION);
+module.exports = CreateCollectionOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/create_indexes.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/create_indexes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..211b43cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/create_indexes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const parseIndexOptions = require('../utils').parseIndexOptions;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+
+const VALID_INDEX_OPTIONS = new Set([
+  'background',
+  'unique',
+  'name',
+  'partialFilterExpression',
+  'sparse',
+  'expireAfterSeconds',
+  'storageEngine',
+  'collation',
+
+  // text indexes
+  'weights',
+  'default_language',
+  'language_override',
+  'textIndexVersion',
+
+  // 2d-sphere indexes
+  '2dsphereIndexVersion',
+
+  // 2d indexes
+  'bits',
+  'min',
+  'max',
+
+  // geoHaystack Indexes
+  'bucketSize',
+
+  // wildcard indexes
+  'wildcardProjection'
+]);
+
+class CreateIndexesOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  /**
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  constructor(parent, collection, indexes, options) {
+    super(parent, options);
+    this.collection = collection;
+
+    // createIndex can be called with a variety of styles:
+    //   coll.createIndex('a');
+    //   coll.createIndex({ a: 1 });
+    //   coll.createIndex([['a', 1]]);
+    // createIndexes is always called with an array of index spec objects
+    if (!Array.isArray(indexes) || Array.isArray(indexes[0])) {
+      this.onlyReturnNameOfCreatedIndex = true;
+      // TODO: remove in v4 (breaking change); make createIndex return full response as createIndexes does
+
+      const indexParameters = parseIndexOptions(indexes);
+      // Generate the index name
+      const name = typeof options.name === 'string' ? options.name : indexParameters.name;
+      // Set up the index
+      const indexSpec = { name, key: indexParameters.fieldHash };
+      // merge valid index options into the index spec
+      for (let optionName in options) {
+        if (VALID_INDEX_OPTIONS.has(optionName)) {
+          indexSpec[optionName] = options[optionName];
+        }
+      }
+      this.indexes = [indexSpec];
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.indexes = indexes;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ignore
+   */
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const options = this.options;
+    const indexes = this.indexes;
+
+    const serverWireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+
+    // Ensure we generate the correct name if the parameter is not set
+    for (let i = 0; i < indexes.length; i++) {
+      // Did the user pass in a collation, check if our write server supports it
+      if (indexes[i].collation && serverWireVersion < 5) {
+        callback(
+          new MongoError(
+            `Server ${server.name}, which reports wire version ${serverWireVersion}, does not support collation`
+          )
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (indexes[i].name == null) {
+        const keys = [];
+
+        for (let name in indexes[i].key) {
+          keys.push(`${name}_${indexes[i].key[name]}`);
+        }
+
+        // Set the name
+        indexes[i].name = keys.join('_');
+      }
+    }
+
+    const cmd = { createIndexes: this.collection, indexes };
+
+    if (options.commitQuorum != null) {
+      if (serverWireVersion < 9) {
+        callback(
+          new MongoError('`commitQuorum` option for `createIndexes` not supported on servers < 4.4')
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      cmd.commitQuorum = options.commitQuorum;
+    }
+
+    // collation is set on each index, it should not be defined at the root
+    this.options.collation = undefined;
+
+    super.executeCommand(server, cmd, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      callback(null, this.onlyReturnNameOfCreatedIndex ? indexes[0].name : result);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(CreateIndexesOperation, [Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION, Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION]);
+
+module.exports = CreateIndexesOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/cursor_ops.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/cursor_ops.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fda4c9149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/cursor_ops.js
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const buildCountCommand = require('./collection_ops').buildCountCommand;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const push = Array.prototype.push;
+const CursorState = require('../core/cursor').CursorState;
+
+/**
+ * Get the count of documents for this cursor.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Cursor} cursor The Cursor instance on which to count.
+ * @param {boolean} [applySkipLimit=true] Specifies whether the count command apply limit and skip settings should be applied on the cursor or in the provided options.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Cursor.prototype.count for a list of options.
+ * @param {Cursor~countResultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ */
+function count(cursor, applySkipLimit, opts, callback) {
+  if (applySkipLimit) {
+    if (typeof cursor.cursorSkip() === 'number') opts.skip = cursor.cursorSkip();
+    if (typeof cursor.cursorLimit() === 'number') opts.limit = cursor.cursorLimit();
+  }
+
+  // Ensure we have the right read preference inheritance
+  if (opts.readPreference) {
+    cursor.setReadPreference(opts.readPreference);
+  }
+
+  if (
+    typeof opts.maxTimeMS !== 'number' &&
+    cursor.cmd &&
+    typeof cursor.cmd.maxTimeMS === 'number'
+  ) {
+    opts.maxTimeMS = cursor.cmd.maxTimeMS;
+  }
+
+  let options = {};
+  options.skip = opts.skip;
+  options.limit = opts.limit;
+  options.hint = opts.hint;
+  options.maxTimeMS = opts.maxTimeMS;
+
+  // Command
+  options.collectionName = cursor.namespace.collection;
+
+  let command;
+  try {
+    command = buildCountCommand(cursor, cursor.cmd.query, options);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return callback(err);
+  }
+
+  // Set cursor server to the same as the topology
+  cursor.server = cursor.topology.s.coreTopology;
+
+  // Execute the command
+  cursor.topology.command(
+    cursor.namespace.withCollection('$cmd'),
+    command,
+    cursor.options,
+    (err, result) => {
+      callback(err, result ? result.result.n : null);
+    }
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Iterates over all the documents for this cursor. See Cursor.prototype.each for more information.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {Cursor} cursor The Cursor instance on which to run.
+ * @param {Cursor~resultCallback} callback The result callback.
+ */
+function each(cursor, callback) {
+  if (!callback) throw MongoError.create({ message: 'callback is mandatory', driver: true });
+  if (cursor.isNotified()) return;
+  if (cursor.s.state === CursorState.CLOSED || cursor.isDead()) {
+    return handleCallback(
+      callback,
+      MongoError.create({ message: 'Cursor is closed', driver: true })
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (cursor.s.state === CursorState.INIT) {
+    cursor.s.state = CursorState.OPEN;
+  }
+
+  // Define function to avoid global scope escape
+  let fn = null;
+  // Trampoline all the entries
+  if (cursor.bufferedCount() > 0) {
+    while ((fn = loop(cursor, callback))) fn(cursor, callback);
+    each(cursor, callback);
+  } else {
+    cursor.next((err, item) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      if (item == null) {
+        return cursor.close({ skipKillCursors: true }, () => handleCallback(callback, null, null));
+      }
+
+      if (handleCallback(callback, null, item) === false) return;
+      each(cursor, callback);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+// Trampoline emptying the number of retrieved items
+// without incurring a nextTick operation
+function loop(cursor, callback) {
+  // No more items we are done
+  if (cursor.bufferedCount() === 0) return;
+  // Get the next document
+  cursor._next(callback);
+  // Loop
+  return loop;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of documents. See Cursor.prototype.toArray for more information.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Cursor} cursor The Cursor instance from which to get the next document.
+ * @param {Cursor~toArrayResultCallback} [callback] The result callback.
+ */
+function toArray(cursor, callback) {
+  const items = [];
+
+  // Reset cursor
+  cursor.rewind();
+  cursor.s.state = CursorState.INIT;
+
+  // Fetch all the documents
+  const fetchDocs = () => {
+    cursor._next((err, doc) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      }
+
+      if (doc == null) {
+        return cursor.close({ skipKillCursors: true }, () => handleCallback(callback, null, items));
+      }
+
+      // Add doc to items
+      items.push(doc);
+
+      // Get all buffered objects
+      if (cursor.bufferedCount() > 0) {
+        let docs = cursor.readBufferedDocuments(cursor.bufferedCount());
+
+        // Transform the doc if transform method added
+        if (cursor.s.transforms && typeof cursor.s.transforms.doc === 'function') {
+          docs = docs.map(cursor.s.transforms.doc);
+        }
+
+        push.apply(items, docs);
+      }
+
+      // Attempt a fetch
+      fetchDocs();
+    });
+  };
+
+  fetchDocs();
+}
+
+module.exports = { count, each, toArray };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/db_ops.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/db_ops.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f9b89046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/db_ops.js
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const Code = require('../core').BSON.Code;
+const debugOptions = require('../utils').debugOptions;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const parseIndexOptions = require('../utils').parseIndexOptions;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+const CONSTANTS = require('../constants');
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('../utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+
+const debugFields = [
+  'authSource',
+  'w',
+  'wtimeout',
+  'j',
+  'native_parser',
+  'forceServerObjectId',
+  'serializeFunctions',
+  'raw',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'numberOfRetries',
+  'retryMiliSeconds',
+  'readPreference',
+  'pkFactory',
+  'parentDb',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'noListener'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Creates an index on the db and collection.
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to create an index.
+ * @param {string} name Name of the collection to create the index on.
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.createIndex for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function createIndex(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  // Get the write concern options
+  let finalOptions = Object.assign({}, { readPreference: ReadPreference.PRIMARY }, options);
+  finalOptions = applyWriteConcern(finalOptions, { db }, options);
+
+  // Ensure we have a callback
+  if (finalOptions.writeConcern && typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw MongoError.create({
+      message: 'Cannot use a writeConcern without a provided callback',
+      driver: true
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed())
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+
+  // Attempt to run using createIndexes command
+  createIndexUsingCreateIndexes(db, name, fieldOrSpec, finalOptions, (err, result) => {
+    if (err == null) return handleCallback(callback, err, result);
+
+    /**
+     * The following errors mean that the server recognized `createIndex` as a command so we don't need to fallback to an insert:
+     * 67 = 'CannotCreateIndex' (malformed index options)
+     * 85 = 'IndexOptionsConflict' (index already exists with different options)
+     * 86 = 'IndexKeySpecsConflict' (index already exists with the same name)
+     * 11000 = 'DuplicateKey' (couldn't build unique index because of dupes)
+     * 11600 = 'InterruptedAtShutdown' (interrupted at shutdown)
+     * 197 = 'InvalidIndexSpecificationOption' (`_id` with `background: true`)
+     */
+    if (
+      err.code === 67 ||
+      err.code === 11000 ||
+      err.code === 85 ||
+      err.code === 86 ||
+      err.code === 11600 ||
+      err.code === 197
+    ) {
+      return handleCallback(callback, err, result);
+    }
+
+    // Create command
+    const doc = createCreateIndexCommand(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options);
+    // Set no key checking
+    finalOptions.checkKeys = false;
+    // Insert document
+    db.s.topology.insert(
+      db.s.namespace.withCollection(CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_INDEX_COLLECTION),
+      doc,
+      finalOptions,
+      (err, result) => {
+        if (callback == null) return;
+        if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+        if (result == null) return handleCallback(callback, null, null);
+        if (result.result.writeErrors)
+          return handleCallback(callback, MongoError.create(result.result.writeErrors[0]), null);
+        handleCallback(callback, null, doc.name);
+      }
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+// Add listeners to topology
+function createListener(db, e, object) {
+  function listener(err) {
+    if (object.listeners(e).length > 0) {
+      object.emit(e, err, db);
+
+      // Emit on all associated db's if available
+      for (let i = 0; i < db.s.children.length; i++) {
+        db.s.children[i].emit(e, err, db.s.children[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return listener;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ensures that an index exists. If it does not, creates it.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to ensure the index.
+ * @param {string} name The index name
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.ensureIndex for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function ensureIndex(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  // Get the write concern options
+  const finalOptions = applyWriteConcern({}, { db }, options);
+  // Create command
+  const selector = createCreateIndexCommand(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options);
+  const index_name = selector.name;
+
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed())
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+
+  // Merge primary readPreference
+  finalOptions.readPreference = ReadPreference.PRIMARY;
+
+  // Check if the index already exists
+  indexInformation(db, name, finalOptions, (err, indexInformation) => {
+    if (err != null && err.code !== 26) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    // If the index does not exist, create it
+    if (indexInformation == null || !indexInformation[index_name]) {
+      createIndex(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options, callback);
+    } else {
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') return handleCallback(callback, null, index_name);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Evaluate JavaScript on the server
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance.
+ * @param {Code} code JavaScript to execute on server.
+ * @param {(object|array)} parameters The parameters for the call.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.eval for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The results callback
+ * @deprecated Eval is deprecated on MongoDB 3.2 and forward
+ */
+function evaluate(db, code, parameters, options, callback) {
+  let finalCode = code;
+  let finalParameters = [];
+
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed())
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+
+  // If not a code object translate to one
+  if (!(finalCode && finalCode._bsontype === 'Code')) finalCode = new Code(finalCode);
+  // Ensure the parameters are correct
+  if (parameters != null && !Array.isArray(parameters) && typeof parameters !== 'function') {
+    finalParameters = [parameters];
+  } else if (parameters != null && Array.isArray(parameters) && typeof parameters !== 'function') {
+    finalParameters = parameters;
+  }
+
+  // Create execution selector
+  let cmd = { $eval: finalCode, args: finalParameters };
+  // Check if the nolock parameter is passed in
+  if (options['nolock']) {
+    cmd['nolock'] = options['nolock'];
+  }
+
+  // Set primary read preference
+  options.readPreference = new ReadPreference(ReadPreference.PRIMARY);
+
+  // Execute the command
+  executeCommand(db, cmd, options, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    if (result && result.ok === 1) return handleCallback(callback, null, result.retval);
+    if (result)
+      return handleCallback(
+        callback,
+        MongoError.create({ message: `eval failed: ${result.errmsg}`, driver: true }),
+        null
+      );
+    handleCallback(callback, err, result);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Execute a command
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to execute the command.
+ * @param {object} command The command hash
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.command for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function executeCommand(db, command, options, callback) {
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed())
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+  // Get the db name we are executing against
+  const dbName = options.dbName || options.authdb || db.databaseName;
+
+  // Convert the readPreference if its not a write
+  options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(db, options);
+
+  // Debug information
+  if (db.s.logger.isDebug())
+    db.s.logger.debug(
+      `executing command ${JSON.stringify(
+        command
+      )} against ${dbName}.$cmd with options [${JSON.stringify(
+        debugOptions(debugFields, options)
+      )}]`
+    );
+
+  // Execute command
+  db.s.topology.command(db.s.namespace.withCollection('$cmd'), command, options, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+    if (options.full) return handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+    handleCallback(callback, null, result.result);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runs a command on the database as admin.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to execute the command.
+ * @param {object} command The command hash
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.executeDbAdminCommand for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function executeDbAdminCommand(db, command, options, callback) {
+  const namespace = new MongoDBNamespace('admin', '$cmd');
+
+  db.s.topology.command(namespace, command, options, (err, result) => {
+    // Did the user destroy the topology
+    if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed()) {
+      return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+    }
+
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+    handleCallback(callback, null, result.result);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves this collections index info.
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to retrieve the index info.
+ * @param {string} name The name of the collection.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.indexInformation for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+ */
+function indexInformation(db, name, options, callback) {
+  // If we specified full information
+  const full = options['full'] == null ? false : options['full'];
+
+  // Did the user destroy the topology
+  if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed())
+    return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+  // Process all the results from the index command and collection
+  function processResults(indexes) {
+    // Contains all the information
+    let info = {};
+    // Process all the indexes
+    for (let i = 0; i < indexes.length; i++) {
+      const index = indexes[i];
+      // Let's unpack the object
+      info[index.name] = [];
+      for (let name in index.key) {
+        info[index.name].push([name, index.key[name]]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return info;
+  }
+
+  // Get the list of indexes of the specified collection
+  db.collection(name)
+    .listIndexes(options)
+    .toArray((err, indexes) => {
+      if (err) return callback(toError(err));
+      if (!Array.isArray(indexes)) return handleCallback(callback, null, []);
+      if (full) return handleCallback(callback, null, indexes);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, processResults(indexes));
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the current profiling information for MongoDB
+ *
+ * @method
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to retrieve the profiling info.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.protoype.profilingInfo for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ * @deprecated Query the system.profile collection directly.
+ */
+function profilingInfo(db, options, callback) {
+  try {
+    db.collection('system.profile')
+      .find({}, options)
+      .toArray(callback);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return callback(err, null);
+  }
+}
+
+// Validate the database name
+function validateDatabaseName(databaseName) {
+  if (typeof databaseName !== 'string')
+    throw MongoError.create({ message: 'database name must be a string', driver: true });
+  if (databaseName.length === 0)
+    throw MongoError.create({ message: 'database name cannot be the empty string', driver: true });
+  if (databaseName === '$external') return;
+
+  const invalidChars = [' ', '.', '$', '/', '\\'];
+  for (let i = 0; i < invalidChars.length; i++) {
+    if (databaseName.indexOf(invalidChars[i]) !== -1)
+      throw MongoError.create({
+        message: "database names cannot contain the character '" + invalidChars[i] + "'",
+        driver: true
+      });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create the command object for Db.prototype.createIndex.
+ *
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to create the command.
+ * @param {string} name Name of the collection to create the index on.
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.createIndex for a list of options.
+ * @return {Object} The insert command object.
+ */
+function createCreateIndexCommand(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options) {
+  const indexParameters = parseIndexOptions(fieldOrSpec);
+  const fieldHash = indexParameters.fieldHash;
+
+  // Generate the index name
+  const indexName = typeof options.name === 'string' ? options.name : indexParameters.name;
+  const selector = {
+    ns: db.s.namespace.withCollection(name).toString(),
+    key: fieldHash,
+    name: indexName
+  };
+
+  // Ensure we have a correct finalUnique
+  const finalUnique = options == null || 'object' === typeof options ? false : options;
+  // Set up options
+  options = options == null || typeof options === 'boolean' ? {} : options;
+
+  // Add all the options
+  const keysToOmit = Object.keys(selector);
+  for (let optionName in options) {
+    if (keysToOmit.indexOf(optionName) === -1) {
+      selector[optionName] = options[optionName];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (selector['unique'] == null) selector['unique'] = finalUnique;
+
+  // Remove any write concern operations
+  const removeKeys = ['w', 'wtimeout', 'j', 'fsync', 'readPreference', 'session'];
+  for (let i = 0; i < removeKeys.length; i++) {
+    delete selector[removeKeys[i]];
+  }
+
+  // Return the command creation selector
+  return selector;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create index using the createIndexes command.
+ *
+ * @param {Db} db The Db instance on which to execute the command.
+ * @param {string} name Name of the collection to create the index on.
+ * @param {(string|object)} fieldOrSpec Defines the index.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Optional settings. See Db.prototype.createIndex for a list of options.
+ * @param {Db~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback.
+ */
+function createIndexUsingCreateIndexes(db, name, fieldOrSpec, options, callback) {
+  // Build the index
+  const indexParameters = parseIndexOptions(fieldOrSpec);
+  // Generate the index name
+  const indexName = typeof options.name === 'string' ? options.name : indexParameters.name;
+  // Set up the index
+  const indexes = [{ name: indexName, key: indexParameters.fieldHash }];
+  // merge all the options
+  const keysToOmit = Object.keys(indexes[0]).concat([
+    'writeConcern',
+    'w',
+    'wtimeout',
+    'j',
+    'fsync',
+    'readPreference',
+    'session'
+  ]);
+
+  for (let optionName in options) {
+    if (keysToOmit.indexOf(optionName) === -1) {
+      indexes[0][optionName] = options[optionName];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get capabilities
+  const capabilities = db.s.topology.capabilities();
+
+  // Did the user pass in a collation, check if our write server supports it
+  if (indexes[0].collation && capabilities && !capabilities.commandsTakeCollation) {
+    // Create a new error
+    const error = new MongoError('server/primary/mongos does not support collation');
+    error.code = 67;
+    // Return the error
+    return callback(error);
+  }
+
+  // Create command, apply write concern to command
+  const cmd = applyWriteConcern({ createIndexes: name, indexes }, { db }, options);
+
+  // ReadPreference primary
+  options.readPreference = ReadPreference.PRIMARY;
+
+  // Build the command
+  executeCommand(db, cmd, options, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+    if (result.ok === 0) return handleCallback(callback, toError(result), null);
+    // Return the indexName for backward compatibility
+    handleCallback(callback, null, indexName);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  createListener,
+  createIndex,
+  ensureIndex,
+  evaluate,
+  executeCommand,
+  executeDbAdminCommand,
+  indexInformation,
+  profilingInfo,
+  validateDatabaseName
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/delete_many.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/delete_many.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32ae500dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/delete_many.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const removeDocuments = require('./common_functions').removeDocuments;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+class DeleteManyOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, filter, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.filter = filter;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const filter = this.filter;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    options.single = false;
+    removeDocuments(coll, filter, options, (err, r) => {
+      if (callback == null) return;
+      if (err && callback) return callback(err);
+      if (r == null) return callback(null, { result: { ok: 1 } });
+
+      // If an explain operation was executed, don't process the server results
+      if (this.explain) return callback(undefined, r.result);
+
+      r.deletedCount = r.result.n;
+      callback(null, r);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(DeleteManyOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = DeleteManyOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/delete_one.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/delete_one.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9aec05b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/delete_one.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const removeDocuments = require('./common_functions').removeDocuments;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+class DeleteOneOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, filter, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.filter = filter;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const filter = this.filter;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    options.single = true;
+    removeDocuments(coll, filter, options, (err, r) => {
+      if (callback == null) return;
+      if (err && callback) return callback(err);
+      if (r == null) return callback(null, { result: { ok: 1 } });
+
+      // If an explain operation was executed, don't process the server results
+      if (this.explain) return callback(undefined, r.result);
+
+      r.deletedCount = r.result.n;
+      callback(null, r);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(DeleteOneOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = DeleteOneOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/distinct.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/distinct.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcac930c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/distinct.js
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const decorateWithCollation = require('../utils').decorateWithCollation;
+const decorateWithReadConcern = require('../utils').decorateWithReadConcern;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+
+/**
+ * Return a list of distinct values for the given key across a collection.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @property {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @property {string} key Field of the document to find distinct values for.
+ * @property {object} query The query for filtering the set of documents to which we apply the distinct filter.
+ * @property {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.distinct for a list of options.
+ */
+class DistinctOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  /**
+   * Construct a Distinct operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+   * @param {string} key Field of the document to find distinct values for.
+   * @param {object} query The query for filtering the set of documents to which we apply the distinct filter.
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.distinct for a list of options.
+   */
+  constructor(collection, key, query, options) {
+    super(collection, options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.key = key;
+    this.query = query;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+   */
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const key = this.key;
+    const query = this.query;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Distinct command
+    const cmd = {
+      distinct: coll.collectionName,
+      key: key,
+      query: query
+    };
+
+    // Add maxTimeMS if defined
+    if (typeof options.maxTimeMS === 'number') {
+      cmd.maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+    }
+
+    // Do we have a readConcern specified
+    decorateWithReadConcern(cmd, coll, options);
+
+    // Have we specified collation
+    try {
+      decorateWithCollation(cmd, coll, options);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+
+    if (this.explain && maxWireVersion(server) < 4) {
+      callback(new MongoError(`server does not support explain on distinct`));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    super.executeCommand(server, cmd, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      callback(null, this.options.full || this.explain ? result : result.values);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(DistinctOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION,
+  Aspect.EXPLAINABLE
+]);
+
+module.exports = DistinctOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be03716fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+
+class DropOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(db, options) {
+    const finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options, db.s.options);
+
+    if (options.session) {
+      finalOptions.session = options.session;
+    }
+
+    super(db, finalOptions);
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    super.execute((err, result) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      if (result.ok) return handleCallback(callback, null, true);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, false);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(DropOperation, Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION);
+
+class DropCollectionOperation extends DropOperation {
+  constructor(db, name, options) {
+    super(db, options);
+
+    this.name = name;
+    this.namespace = `${db.namespace}.${name}`;
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    return { drop: this.name };
+  }
+}
+
+class DropDatabaseOperation extends DropOperation {
+  _buildCommand() {
+    return { dropDatabase: 1 };
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  DropOperation,
+  DropCollectionOperation,
+  DropDatabaseOperation
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop_index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop_index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6ca783dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop_index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+
+class DropIndexOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(collection, indexName, options) {
+    super(collection.s.db, options, collection);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.indexName = indexName;
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const collection = this.collection;
+    const indexName = this.indexName;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    let cmd = { dropIndexes: collection.collectionName, index: indexName };
+
+    // Decorate command with writeConcern if supported
+    cmd = applyWriteConcern(cmd, { db: collection.s.db, collection }, options);
+
+    return cmd;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    // Execute command
+    super.execute((err, result) => {
+      if (typeof callback !== 'function') return;
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(DropIndexOperation, Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION);
+
+module.exports = DropIndexOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop_indexes.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop_indexes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed404ee9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/drop_indexes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const DropIndexOperation = require('./drop_index');
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+
+class DropIndexesOperation extends DropIndexOperation {
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(collection, '*', options);
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    super.execute(err => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, false);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, true);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(DropIndexesOperation, Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION);
+
+module.exports = DropIndexesOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/estimated_document_count.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/estimated_document_count.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2d65563d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/estimated_document_count.js
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+
+class EstimatedDocumentCountOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(collection, query, options) {
+    if (typeof options === 'undefined') {
+      options = query;
+      query = undefined;
+    }
+
+    super(collection, options);
+    this.collectionName = collection.s.namespace.collection;
+    if (query) {
+      this.query = query;
+    }
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const options = this.options;
+    const cmd = { count: this.collectionName };
+
+    if (this.query) {
+      cmd.query = this.query;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.skip === 'number') {
+      cmd.skip = options.skip;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.limit === 'number') {
+      cmd.limit = options.limit;
+    }
+
+    if (options.hint) {
+      cmd.hint = options.hint;
+    }
+
+    super.executeCommand(server, cmd, (err, response) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      callback(null, response.n);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(EstimatedDocumentCountOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION
+]);
+
+module.exports = EstimatedDocumentCountOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/execute_db_admin_command.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/execute_db_admin_command.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d15fc8e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/execute_db_admin_command.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('../utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+
+class ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(db, selector, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.db = db;
+    this.selector = selector;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const db = this.db;
+    const selector = this.selector;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    const namespace = new MongoDBNamespace('admin', '$cmd');
+    db.s.topology.command(namespace, selector, options, (err, result) => {
+      // Did the user destroy the topology
+      if (db.serverConfig && db.serverConfig.isDestroyed()) {
+        return callback(new MongoError('topology was destroyed'));
+      }
+
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, result.result);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ExecuteDbAdminCommandOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/execute_operation.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/execute_operation.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2255980d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/execute_operation.js
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const maybePromise = require('../utils').maybePromise;
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core/topologies/read_preference');
+const isRetryableError = require('../core/error').isRetryableError;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const isUnifiedTopology = require('../core/utils').isUnifiedTopology;
+
+/**
+ * Executes the given operation with provided arguments.
+ *
+ * This method reduces large amounts of duplication in the entire codebase by providing
+ * a single point for determining whether callbacks or promises should be used. Additionally
+ * it allows for a single point of entry to provide features such as implicit sessions, which
+ * are required by the Driver Sessions specification in the event that a ClientSession is
+ * not provided
+ *
+ * @param {object} topology The topology to execute this operation on
+ * @param {Operation} operation The operation to execute
+ * @param {function} callback The command result callback
+ */
+function executeOperation(topology, operation, cb) {
+  if (topology == null) {
+    throw new TypeError('This method requires a valid topology instance');
+  }
+
+  if (!(operation instanceof OperationBase)) {
+    throw new TypeError('This method requires a valid operation instance');
+  }
+
+  return maybePromise(topology, cb, callback => {
+    if (isUnifiedTopology(topology) && topology.shouldCheckForSessionSupport()) {
+      // Recursive call to executeOperation after a server selection
+      return selectServerForSessionSupport(topology, operation, callback);
+    }
+
+    // The driver sessions spec mandates that we implicitly create sessions for operations
+    // that are not explicitly provided with a session.
+    let session, owner;
+    if (topology.hasSessionSupport()) {
+      if (operation.session == null) {
+        owner = Symbol();
+        session = topology.startSession({ owner });
+        operation.session = session;
+      } else if (operation.session.hasEnded) {
+        return callback(new MongoError('Use of expired sessions is not permitted'));
+      }
+    } else if (operation.session) {
+      // If the user passed an explicit session and we are still, after server selection,
+      // trying to run against a topology that doesn't support sessions we error out.
+      return callback(new MongoError('Current topology does not support sessions'));
+    }
+
+    function executeCallback(err, result) {
+      if (session && session.owner === owner) {
+        session.endSession();
+        if (operation.session === session) {
+          operation.clearSession();
+        }
+      }
+
+      callback(err, result);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (operation.hasAspect(Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION)) {
+        executeWithServerSelection(topology, operation, executeCallback);
+      } else {
+        operation.execute(executeCallback);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (session && session.owner === owner) {
+        session.endSession();
+        if (operation.session === session) {
+          operation.clearSession();
+        }
+      }
+
+      callback(error);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function supportsRetryableReads(server) {
+  return maxWireVersion(server) >= 6;
+}
+
+function executeWithServerSelection(topology, operation, callback) {
+  const readPreference = operation.readPreference || ReadPreference.primary;
+  const inTransaction = operation.session && operation.session.inTransaction();
+
+  if (inTransaction && !readPreference.equals(ReadPreference.primary)) {
+    callback(
+      new MongoError(
+        `Read preference in a transaction must be primary, not: ${readPreference.mode}`
+      )
+    );
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const serverSelectionOptions = {
+    readPreference,
+    session: operation.session
+  };
+
+  function callbackWithRetry(err, result) {
+    if (err == null) {
+      return callback(null, result);
+    }
+
+    if (!isRetryableError(err)) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    // select a new server, and attempt to retry the operation
+    topology.selectServer(serverSelectionOptions, (err, server) => {
+      if (err || !supportsRetryableReads(server)) {
+        callback(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      operation.execute(server, callback);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // select a server, and execute the operation against it
+  topology.selectServer(serverSelectionOptions, (err, server) => {
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err, null);
+      return;
+    }
+    const shouldRetryReads =
+      topology.s.options.retryReads !== false &&
+      operation.session &&
+      !inTransaction &&
+      supportsRetryableReads(server) &&
+      operation.canRetryRead;
+
+    if (operation.hasAspect(Aspect.RETRYABLE) && shouldRetryReads) {
+      operation.execute(server, callbackWithRetry);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    operation.execute(server, callback);
+  });
+}
+
+// The Unified Topology runs serverSelection before executing every operation
+// Session support is determined by the result of a monitoring check triggered by this selection
+function selectServerForSessionSupport(topology, operation, callback) {
+  topology.selectServer(ReadPreference.primaryPreferred, err => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    executeOperation(topology, operation, callback);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = executeOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97ecdb8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+
+class FindOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, ns, command, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.ns = ns;
+    this.cmd = command;
+    this.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(collection, this.options);
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    // copied from `CommandOperationV2`, to be subclassed in the future
+    this.server = server;
+
+    // updates readPreference if setReadPreference was called on the cursor
+    this.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(this, this.options);
+
+    if (typeof this.cmd.allowDiskUse !== 'undefined' && maxWireVersion(server) < 4) {
+      callback(new MongoError('The `allowDiskUse` option is not supported on MongoDB < 3.2'));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.explain) {
+      // We need to manually ensure explain is in the options.
+      this.options.explain = this.explain.verbosity;
+    }
+
+    // TOOD: use `MongoDBNamespace` through and through
+    const cursorState = this.cursorState || {};
+    server.query(this.ns.toString(), this.cmd, cursorState, this.options, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(FindOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION,
+  Aspect.EXPLAINABLE
+]);
+
+module.exports = FindOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_and_modify.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_and_modify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3886688e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_and_modify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const applyRetryableWrites = require('../utils').applyRetryableWrites;
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const decorateWithCollation = require('../utils').decorateWithCollation;
+const executeCommand = require('./db_ops').executeCommand;
+const formattedOrderClause = require('../utils').formattedOrderClause;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const decorateWithExplain = require('../utils').decorateWithExplain;
+
+class FindAndModifyOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, query, sort, doc, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.query = query;
+    this.sort = sort;
+    this.doc = doc;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const query = this.query;
+    const sort = formattedOrderClause(this.sort);
+    const doc = this.doc;
+    let options = this.options;
+
+    // Create findAndModify command object
+    let queryObject = {
+      findAndModify: coll.collectionName,
+      query: query
+    };
+
+    if (sort) {
+      queryObject.sort = sort;
+    }
+
+    queryObject.new = options.new ? true : false;
+    queryObject.remove = options.remove ? true : false;
+    queryObject.upsert = options.upsert ? true : false;
+
+    const projection = options.projection || options.fields;
+
+    if (projection) {
+      queryObject.fields = projection;
+    }
+
+    if (options.arrayFilters) {
+      queryObject.arrayFilters = options.arrayFilters;
+    }
+
+    if (doc && !options.remove) {
+      queryObject.update = doc;
+    }
+
+    if (options.maxTimeMS) queryObject.maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+
+    // Either use override on the function, or go back to default on either the collection
+    // level or db
+    options.serializeFunctions = options.serializeFunctions || coll.s.serializeFunctions;
+
+    // No check on the documents
+    options.checkKeys = false;
+
+    // Final options for retryable writes and write concern
+    options = applyRetryableWrites(options, coll.s.db);
+    options = applyWriteConcern(options, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+    // Decorate the findAndModify command with the write Concern
+    if (options.writeConcern) {
+      queryObject.writeConcern = options.writeConcern;
+    }
+
+    // Have we specified bypassDocumentValidation
+    if (options.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+      queryObject.bypassDocumentValidation = options.bypassDocumentValidation;
+    }
+
+    options.readPreference = ReadPreference.primary;
+
+    // Have we specified collation
+    try {
+      decorateWithCollation(queryObject, coll, options);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+
+    if (options.hint) {
+      // TODO: once this method becomes a CommandOperationV2 we will have the server
+      // in place to check.
+      const unacknowledgedWrite = options.writeConcern && options.writeConcern.w === 0;
+      if (unacknowledgedWrite || maxWireVersion(coll.s.topology) < 8) {
+        callback(
+          new MongoError('The current topology does not support a hint on findAndModify commands')
+        );
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      queryObject.hint = options.hint;
+    }
+
+    if (this.explain) {
+      if (maxWireVersion(coll.s.topology) < 4) {
+        callback(new MongoError(`server does not support explain on findAndModify`));
+        return;
+      }
+      queryObject = decorateWithExplain(queryObject, this.explain);
+    }
+
+    // Execute the command
+    executeCommand(coll.s.db, queryObject, options, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+
+      return handleCallback(callback, null, result);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(FindAndModifyOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = FindAndModifyOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e4b3cf85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+class FindOneOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, query, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.query = query;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const query = this.query;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    try {
+      const cursor = coll
+        .find(query, options)
+        .limit(-1)
+        .batchSize(1);
+
+      // Return the item
+      cursor.next((err, item) => {
+        if (err != null) return handleCallback(callback, toError(err), null);
+        handleCallback(callback, null, item);
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      callback(e);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(FindOneOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = FindOneOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_delete.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_delete.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eaf32877c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_delete.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const FindAndModifyOperation = require('./find_and_modify');
+
+class FindOneAndDeleteOperation extends FindAndModifyOperation {
+  constructor(collection, filter, options) {
+    // Final options
+    const finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+    finalOptions.fields = options.projection;
+    finalOptions.remove = true;
+
+    // Basic validation
+    if (filter == null || typeof filter !== 'object') {
+      throw new TypeError('Filter parameter must be an object');
+    }
+
+    super(collection, filter, finalOptions.sort, null, finalOptions);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = FindOneAndDeleteOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_replace.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_replace.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3720baea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_replace.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const FindAndModifyOperation = require('./find_and_modify');
+const hasAtomicOperators = require('../utils').hasAtomicOperators;
+
+class FindOneAndReplaceOperation extends FindAndModifyOperation {
+  constructor(collection, filter, replacement, options) {
+    if ('returnDocument' in options && 'returnOriginal' in options) {
+      throw new MongoError(
+        'findOneAndReplace option returnOriginal is deprecated in favor of returnDocument and cannot be combined'
+      );
+    }
+    // Final options
+    const finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+    finalOptions.fields = options.projection;
+    finalOptions.update = true;
+    finalOptions.new = options.returnDocument === 'after' || options.returnOriginal === false;
+    finalOptions.upsert = options.upsert === true;
+
+    if (filter == null || typeof filter !== 'object') {
+      throw new TypeError('Filter parameter must be an object');
+    }
+
+    if (replacement == null || typeof replacement !== 'object') {
+      throw new TypeError('Replacement parameter must be an object');
+    }
+
+    if (hasAtomicOperators(replacement)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Replacement document must not contain atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    super(collection, filter, finalOptions.sort, replacement, finalOptions);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = FindOneAndReplaceOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_update.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_update.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9408aca7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/find_one_and_update.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const FindAndModifyOperation = require('./find_and_modify');
+const hasAtomicOperators = require('../utils').hasAtomicOperators;
+
+class FindOneAndUpdateOperation extends FindAndModifyOperation {
+  constructor(collection, filter, update, options) {
+    if ('returnDocument' in options && 'returnOriginal' in options) {
+      throw new MongoError(
+        'findOneAndUpdate option returnOriginal is deprecated in favor of returnDocument and cannot be combined'
+      );
+    }
+    // Final options
+    const finalOptions = Object.assign({}, options);
+    finalOptions.fields = options.projection;
+    finalOptions.update = true;
+    finalOptions.new = options.returnDocument === 'after' || options.returnOriginal === false;
+    finalOptions.upsert = options.upsert === true;
+
+    if (filter == null || typeof filter !== 'object') {
+      throw new TypeError('Filter parameter must be an object');
+    }
+
+    if (update == null || typeof update !== 'object') {
+      throw new TypeError('Update parameter must be an object');
+    }
+
+    if (!hasAtomicOperators(update)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Update document requires atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    super(collection, filter, finalOptions.sort, update, finalOptions);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = FindOneAndUpdateOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/geo_haystack_search.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/geo_haystack_search.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c8654d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/geo_haystack_search.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const decorateCommand = require('../utils').decorateCommand;
+const decorateWithReadConcern = require('../utils').decorateWithReadConcern;
+const executeCommand = require('./db_ops').executeCommand;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+
+/**
+ * Execute a geo search using a geo haystack index on a collection.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @property {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @property {number} x Point to search on the x axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+ * @property {number} y Point to search on the y axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+ * @property {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.geoHaystackSearch for a list of options.
+ */
+class GeoHaystackSearchOperation extends OperationBase {
+  /**
+   * Construct a GeoHaystackSearch operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+   * @param {number} x Point to search on the x axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+   * @param {number} y Point to search on the y axis, ensure the indexes are ordered in the same order.
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.geoHaystackSearch for a list of options.
+   */
+  constructor(collection, x, y, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.x = x;
+    this.y = y;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+   */
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const x = this.x;
+    const y = this.y;
+    let options = this.options;
+
+    // Build command object
+    let commandObject = {
+      geoSearch: coll.collectionName,
+      near: [x, y]
+    };
+
+    // Remove read preference from hash if it exists
+    commandObject = decorateCommand(commandObject, options, ['readPreference', 'session']);
+
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    // Ensure we have the right read preference inheritance
+    options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(coll, options);
+
+    // Do we have a readConcern specified
+    decorateWithReadConcern(commandObject, coll, options);
+
+    // Execute the command
+    executeCommand(coll.s.db, commandObject, options, (err, res) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      if (res.err || res.errmsg) handleCallback(callback, toError(res));
+      // should we only be returning res.results here? Not sure if the user
+      // should see the other return information
+      handleCallback(callback, null, res);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(GeoHaystackSearchOperation, Aspect.READ_OPERATION);
+
+module.exports = GeoHaystackSearchOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/index_exists.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/index_exists.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd9dc0e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/index_exists.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const indexInformationDb = require('./db_ops').indexInformation;
+
+class IndexExistsOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, indexes, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.indexes = indexes;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const indexes = this.indexes;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    indexInformationDb(coll.s.db, coll.collectionName, options, (err, indexInformation) => {
+      // If we have an error return
+      if (err != null) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      // Let's check for the index names
+      if (!Array.isArray(indexes))
+        return handleCallback(callback, null, indexInformation[indexes] != null);
+      // Check in list of indexes
+      for (let i = 0; i < indexes.length; i++) {
+        if (indexInformation[indexes[i]] == null) {
+          return handleCallback(callback, null, false);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // All keys found return true
+      return handleCallback(callback, null, true);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = IndexExistsOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/index_information.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/index_information.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b18a603f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/index_information.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const indexInformation = require('./common_functions').indexInformation;
+
+class IndexInformationOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(db, name, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.db = db;
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const db = this.db;
+    const name = this.name;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    indexInformation(db, name, options, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = IndexInformationOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/indexes.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/indexes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e29a88aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/indexes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const indexInformation = require('./common_functions').indexInformation;
+
+class IndexesOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    let options = this.options;
+
+    options = Object.assign({}, { full: true }, options);
+    indexInformation(coll.s.db, coll.collectionName, options, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = IndexesOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/insert_many.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/insert_many.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdfc0d46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/insert_many.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const BulkWriteOperation = require('./bulk_write');
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const prepareDocs = require('./common_functions').prepareDocs;
+
+class InsertManyOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, docs, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.docs = docs;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    let docs = this.docs;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(docs)) {
+      return callback(
+        MongoError.create({ message: 'docs parameter must be an array of documents', driver: true })
+      );
+    }
+
+    // If keep going set unordered
+    options['serializeFunctions'] = options['serializeFunctions'] || coll.s.serializeFunctions;
+
+    docs = prepareDocs(coll, docs, options);
+
+    // Generate the bulk write operations
+    const operations = docs.map(document => ({ insertOne: { document } }));
+
+    const bulkWriteOperation = new BulkWriteOperation(coll, operations, options);
+
+    bulkWriteOperation.execute((err, result) => {
+      if (err) return callback(err, null);
+      callback(null, mapInsertManyResults(docs, result));
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function mapInsertManyResults(docs, r) {
+  const finalResult = {
+    result: { ok: 1, n: r.insertedCount },
+    ops: docs,
+    insertedCount: r.insertedCount,
+    insertedIds: r.insertedIds
+  };
+
+  if (r.getLastOp()) {
+    finalResult.result.opTime = r.getLastOp();
+  }
+
+  return finalResult;
+}
+
+module.exports = InsertManyOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/insert_one.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/insert_one.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e708801d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/insert_one.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const insertDocuments = require('./common_functions').insertDocuments;
+
+class InsertOneOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, doc, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.doc = doc;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const doc = this.doc;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    if (Array.isArray(doc)) {
+      return callback(
+        MongoError.create({ message: 'doc parameter must be an object', driver: true })
+      );
+    }
+
+    insertDocuments(coll, [doc], options, (err, r) => {
+      if (callback == null) return;
+      if (err && callback) return callback(err);
+      // Workaround for pre 2.6 servers
+      if (r == null) return callback(null, { result: { ok: 1 } });
+      // Add values to top level to ensure crud spec compatibility
+      r.insertedCount = r.result.n;
+      r.insertedId = doc._id;
+      if (callback) callback(null, r);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = InsertOneOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/is_capped.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/is_capped.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bfd9ffa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/is_capped.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OptionsOperation = require('./options_operation');
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+
+class IsCappedOperation extends OptionsOperation {
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(collection, options);
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    super.execute((err, document) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      handleCallback(callback, null, !!(document && document.capped));
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = IsCappedOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_collections.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_collections.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee01d31e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_collections.js
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const CONSTANTS = require('../constants');
+
+const LIST_COLLECTIONS_WIRE_VERSION = 3;
+
+function listCollectionsTransforms(databaseName) {
+  const matching = `${databaseName}.`;
+
+  return {
+    doc: doc => {
+      const index = doc.name.indexOf(matching);
+      // Remove database name if available
+      if (doc.name && index === 0) {
+        doc.name = doc.name.substr(index + matching.length);
+      }
+
+      return doc;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+class ListCollectionsOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(db, filter, options) {
+    super(db, options, { fullResponse: true });
+
+    this.db = db;
+    this.filter = filter;
+    this.nameOnly = !!this.options.nameOnly;
+
+    if (typeof this.options.batchSize === 'number') {
+      this.batchSize = this.options.batchSize;
+    }
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    if (maxWireVersion(server) < LIST_COLLECTIONS_WIRE_VERSION) {
+      let filter = this.filter;
+      const databaseName = this.db.s.namespace.db;
+
+      // If we have legacy mode and have not provided a full db name filter it
+      if (
+        typeof filter.name === 'string' &&
+        !new RegExp('^' + databaseName + '\\.').test(filter.name)
+      ) {
+        filter = Object.assign({}, filter);
+        filter.name = this.db.s.namespace.withCollection(filter.name).toString();
+      }
+
+      // No filter, filter by current database
+      if (filter == null) {
+        filter.name = `/${databaseName}/`;
+      }
+
+      // Rewrite the filter to use $and to filter out indexes
+      if (filter.name) {
+        filter = { $and: [{ name: filter.name }, { name: /^((?!\$).)*$/ }] };
+      } else {
+        filter = { name: /^((?!\$).)*$/ };
+      }
+
+      const transforms = listCollectionsTransforms(databaseName);
+      server.query(
+        `${databaseName}.${CONSTANTS.SYSTEM_NAMESPACE_COLLECTION}`,
+        { query: filter },
+        { batchSize: this.batchSize || 1000 },
+        {},
+        (err, result) => {
+          if (
+            result &&
+            result.message &&
+            result.message.documents &&
+            Array.isArray(result.message.documents)
+          ) {
+            result.message.documents = result.message.documents.map(transforms.doc);
+          }
+
+          callback(err, result);
+        }
+      );
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const command = {
+      listCollections: 1,
+      filter: this.filter,
+      cursor: this.batchSize ? { batchSize: this.batchSize } : {},
+      nameOnly: this.nameOnly
+    };
+
+    return super.executeCommand(server, command, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(ListCollectionsOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION
+]);
+
+module.exports = ListCollectionsOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_databases.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_databases.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62b2606f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_databases.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const MongoDBNamespace = require('../utils').MongoDBNamespace;
+
+class ListDatabasesOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(db, options) {
+    super(db, options);
+    this.ns = new MongoDBNamespace('admin', '$cmd');
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const cmd = { listDatabases: 1 };
+    if (this.options.nameOnly) {
+      cmd.nameOnly = Number(cmd.nameOnly);
+    }
+
+    if (this.options.filter) {
+      cmd.filter = this.options.filter;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof this.options.authorizedDatabases === 'boolean') {
+      cmd.authorizedDatabases = this.options.authorizedDatabases;
+    }
+
+    super.executeCommand(server, cmd, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(ListDatabasesOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION
+]);
+
+module.exports = ListDatabasesOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_indexes.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_indexes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..302a31b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/list_indexes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+
+const LIST_INDEXES_WIRE_VERSION = 3;
+
+class ListIndexesOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(collection, options, { fullResponse: true });
+
+    this.collectionNamespace = collection.s.namespace;
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const serverWireVersion = maxWireVersion(server);
+    if (serverWireVersion < LIST_INDEXES_WIRE_VERSION) {
+      const systemIndexesNS = this.collectionNamespace.withCollection('system.indexes').toString();
+      const collectionNS = this.collectionNamespace.toString();
+
+      server.query(systemIndexesNS, { query: { ns: collectionNS } }, {}, this.options, callback);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const cursor = this.options.batchSize ? { batchSize: this.options.batchSize } : {};
+    super.executeCommand(
+      server,
+      { listIndexes: this.collectionNamespace.collection, cursor },
+      callback
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(ListIndexesOperation, [
+  Aspect.READ_OPERATION,
+  Aspect.RETRYABLE,
+  Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION
+]);
+
+module.exports = ListIndexesOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/map_reduce.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/map_reduce.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a2cf2618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/map_reduce.js
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const Code = require('../core').BSON.Code;
+const decorateWithCollation = require('../utils').decorateWithCollation;
+const decorateWithReadConcern = require('../utils').decorateWithReadConcern;
+const executeCommand = require('./db_ops').executeCommand;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const isObject = require('../utils').isObject;
+const loadDb = require('../dynamic_loaders').loadDb;
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const decorateWithExplain = require('../utils').decorateWithExplain;
+const maxWireVersion = require('../core/utils').maxWireVersion;
+const MongoError = require('../error').MongoError;
+
+const exclusionList = [
+  'explain',
+  'readPreference',
+  'session',
+  'bypassDocumentValidation',
+  'w',
+  'wtimeout',
+  'j',
+  'writeConcern'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Run Map Reduce across a collection. Be aware that the inline option for out will return an array of results not a collection.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @property {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @property {(function|string)} map The mapping function.
+ * @property {(function|string)} reduce The reduce function.
+ * @property {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.mapReduce for a list of options.
+ */
+class MapReduceOperation extends OperationBase {
+  /**
+   * Constructs a MapReduce operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+   * @param {(function|string)} map The mapping function.
+   * @param {(function|string)} reduce The reduce function.
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.mapReduce for a list of options.
+   */
+  constructor(collection, map, reduce, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.map = map;
+    this.reduce = reduce;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection~resultCallback} [callback] The command result callback
+   */
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const map = this.map;
+    const reduce = this.reduce;
+    let options = this.options;
+
+    let mapCommandHash = {
+      mapReduce: coll.collectionName,
+      map: map,
+      reduce: reduce
+    };
+
+    // Add any other options passed in
+    for (let n in options) {
+      if ('scope' === n) {
+        mapCommandHash[n] = processScope(options[n]);
+      } else {
+        // Only include if not in exclusion list
+        if (exclusionList.indexOf(n) === -1) {
+          mapCommandHash[n] = options[n];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+    // Ensure we have the right read preference inheritance
+    options.readPreference = ReadPreference.resolve(coll, options);
+
+    // If we have a read preference and inline is not set as output fail hard
+    if (
+      options.readPreference !== false &&
+      options.readPreference !== 'primary' &&
+      options['out'] &&
+      options['out'].inline !== 1 &&
+      options['out'] !== 'inline'
+    ) {
+      // Force readPreference to primary
+      options.readPreference = 'primary';
+      // Decorate command with writeConcern if supported
+      applyWriteConcern(mapCommandHash, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+    } else {
+      decorateWithReadConcern(mapCommandHash, coll, options);
+    }
+
+    // Is bypassDocumentValidation specified
+    if (options.bypassDocumentValidation === true) {
+      mapCommandHash.bypassDocumentValidation = options.bypassDocumentValidation;
+    }
+
+    // Have we specified collation
+    try {
+      decorateWithCollation(mapCommandHash, coll, options);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+
+    if (this.explain) {
+      if (maxWireVersion(coll.s.topology) < 9) {
+        callback(new MongoError(`server does not support explain on mapReduce`));
+        return;
+      }
+      mapCommandHash = decorateWithExplain(mapCommandHash, this.explain);
+    }
+
+    // Execute command
+    executeCommand(coll.s.db, mapCommandHash, options, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      // Check if we have an error
+      if (1 !== result.ok || result.err || result.errmsg) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, toError(result));
+      }
+
+      // If an explain operation was executed, don't process the server results
+      if (this.explain) return callback(undefined, result);
+
+      // Create statistics value
+      const stats = {};
+      if (result.timeMillis) stats['processtime'] = result.timeMillis;
+      if (result.counts) stats['counts'] = result.counts;
+      if (result.timing) stats['timing'] = result.timing;
+
+      // invoked with inline?
+      if (result.results) {
+        // If we wish for no verbosity
+        if (options['verbose'] == null || !options['verbose']) {
+          return handleCallback(callback, null, result.results);
+        }
+
+        return handleCallback(callback, null, { results: result.results, stats: stats });
+      }
+
+      // The returned collection
+      let collection = null;
+
+      // If we have an object it's a different db
+      if (result.result != null && typeof result.result === 'object') {
+        const doc = result.result;
+        // Return a collection from another db
+        let Db = loadDb();
+        collection = new Db(doc.db, coll.s.db.s.topology, coll.s.db.s.options).collection(
+          doc.collection
+        );
+      } else {
+        // Create a collection object that wraps the result collection
+        collection = coll.s.db.collection(result.result);
+      }
+
+      // If we wish for no verbosity
+      if (options['verbose'] == null || !options['verbose']) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, err, collection);
+      }
+
+      // Return stats as third set of values
+      handleCallback(callback, err, { collection: collection, stats: stats });
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Functions that are passed as scope args must
+ * be converted to Code instances.
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function processScope(scope) {
+  if (!isObject(scope) || scope._bsontype === 'ObjectID') {
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(scope);
+  let key;
+  const new_scope = {};
+
+  for (let i = keys.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if ('function' === typeof scope[key]) {
+      new_scope[key] = new Code(String(scope[key]));
+    } else {
+      new_scope[key] = processScope(scope[key]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return new_scope;
+}
+
+defineAspects(MapReduceOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = MapReduceOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/operation.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/operation.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94ccd8149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/operation.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Explain = require('../explain').Explain;
+const MongoError = require('../core/error').MongoError;
+
+const Aspect = {
+  READ_OPERATION: Symbol('READ_OPERATION'),
+  WRITE_OPERATION: Symbol('WRITE_OPERATION'),
+  RETRYABLE: Symbol('RETRYABLE'),
+  EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION: Symbol('EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION'),
+  NO_INHERIT_OPTIONS: Symbol('NO_INHERIT_OPTIONS'),
+  EXPLAINABLE: Symbol('EXPLAINABLE')
+};
+
+/**
+ * This class acts as a parent class for any operation and is responsible for setting this.options,
+ * as well as setting and getting a session.
+ * Additionally, this class implements `hasAspect`, which determines whether an operation has
+ * a specific aspect.
+ */
+class OperationBase {
+  constructor(options) {
+    this.options = Object.assign({}, options);
+
+    if (this.hasAspect(Aspect.EXPLAINABLE)) {
+      this.explain = Explain.fromOptions(options);
+    } else if (this.options.explain !== undefined) {
+      throw new MongoError(`explain is not supported on this command`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  hasAspect(aspect) {
+    if (this.constructor.aspects == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this.constructor.aspects.has(aspect);
+  }
+
+  set session(session) {
+    Object.assign(this.options, { session });
+  }
+
+  get session() {
+    return this.options.session;
+  }
+
+  clearSession() {
+    delete this.options.session;
+  }
+
+  get canRetryRead() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  execute() {
+    throw new TypeError('`execute` must be implemented for OperationBase subclasses');
+  }
+}
+
+function defineAspects(operation, aspects) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(aspects) && !(aspects instanceof Set)) {
+    aspects = [aspects];
+  }
+  aspects = new Set(aspects);
+  Object.defineProperty(operation, 'aspects', {
+    value: aspects,
+    writable: false
+  });
+  return aspects;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  Aspect,
+  defineAspects,
+  OperationBase
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/options_operation.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/options_operation.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a739a519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/options_operation.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+
+class OptionsOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const opts = this.options;
+
+    coll.s.db.listCollections({ name: coll.collectionName }, opts).toArray((err, collections) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err);
+      if (collections.length === 0) {
+        return handleCallback(
+          callback,
+          MongoError.create({ message: `collection ${coll.namespace} not found`, driver: true })
+        );
+      }
+
+      handleCallback(callback, err, collections[0].options || null);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = OptionsOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/profiling_level.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/profiling_level.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f7639b43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/profiling_level.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+
+class ProfilingLevelOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(db, command, options) {
+    super(db, options);
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const command = { profile: -1 };
+
+    return command;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    super.execute((err, doc) => {
+      if (err == null && doc.ok === 1) {
+        const was = doc.was;
+        if (was === 0) return callback(null, 'off');
+        if (was === 1) return callback(null, 'slow_only');
+        if (was === 2) return callback(null, 'all');
+        return callback(new Error('Error: illegal profiling level value ' + was), null);
+      } else {
+        err != null ? callback(err, null) : callback(new Error('Error with profile command'), null);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ProfilingLevelOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/re_index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/re_index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc445222c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/re_index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const serverType = require('../core/sdam/common').serverType;
+const ServerType = require('../core/sdam/common').ServerType;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+
+class ReIndexOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(collection, options);
+    this.collectionName = collection.collectionName;
+  }
+
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    if (serverType(server) !== ServerType.Standalone) {
+      callback(new MongoError(`reIndex can only be executed on standalone servers.`));
+      return;
+    }
+    super.executeCommand(server, { reIndex: this.collectionName }, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+      callback(null, !!result.ok);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(ReIndexOperation, [Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION]);
+
+module.exports = ReIndexOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/remove_user.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/remove_user.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e8376b1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/remove_user.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const WriteConcern = require('../write_concern');
+
+class RemoveUserOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(db, username, options) {
+    const commandOptions = {};
+
+    const writeConcern = WriteConcern.fromOptions(options);
+    if (writeConcern != null) {
+      commandOptions.writeConcern = writeConcern;
+    }
+
+    if (options.dbName) {
+      commandOptions.dbName = options.dbName;
+    }
+
+    // Add maxTimeMS to options if set
+    if (typeof options.maxTimeMS === 'number') {
+      commandOptions.maxTimeMS = options.maxTimeMS;
+    }
+
+    super(db, commandOptions);
+
+    this.username = username;
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const username = this.username;
+
+    // Build the command to execute
+    const command = { dropUser: username };
+
+    return command;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    // Attempt to execute command
+    super.execute((err, result) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      handleCallback(callback, err, result.ok ? true : false);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(RemoveUserOperation, Aspect.WRITE_OPERATION);
+
+module.exports = RemoveUserOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/rename.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/rename.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8098fe6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/rename.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const applyWriteConcern = require('../utils').applyWriteConcern;
+const checkCollectionName = require('../utils').checkCollectionName;
+const executeDbAdminCommand = require('./db_ops').executeDbAdminCommand;
+const handleCallback = require('../utils').handleCallback;
+const loadCollection = require('../dynamic_loaders').loadCollection;
+const toError = require('../utils').toError;
+
+class RenameOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, newName, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.newName = newName;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const newName = this.newName;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    let Collection = loadCollection();
+    // Check the collection name
+    checkCollectionName(newName);
+    // Build the command
+    const renameCollection = coll.namespace;
+    const toCollection = coll.s.namespace.withCollection(newName).toString();
+    const dropTarget = typeof options.dropTarget === 'boolean' ? options.dropTarget : false;
+    const cmd = { renameCollection: renameCollection, to: toCollection, dropTarget: dropTarget };
+
+    // Decorate command with writeConcern if supported
+    applyWriteConcern(cmd, { db: coll.s.db, collection: coll }, options);
+
+    // Execute against admin
+    executeDbAdminCommand(coll.s.db.admin().s.db, cmd, options, (err, doc) => {
+      if (err) return handleCallback(callback, err, null);
+      // We have an error
+      if (doc.errmsg) return handleCallback(callback, toError(doc), null);
+      try {
+        return handleCallback(
+          callback,
+          null,
+          new Collection(
+            coll.s.db,
+            coll.s.topology,
+            coll.s.namespace.db,
+            newName,
+            coll.s.pkFactory,
+            coll.s.options
+          )
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        return handleCallback(callback, toError(err), null);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = RenameOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/replace_one.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/replace_one.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93ec0ef3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/replace_one.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const updateDocuments = require('./common_functions').updateDocuments;
+const hasAtomicOperators = require('../utils').hasAtomicOperators;
+
+class ReplaceOneOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, filter, replacement, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    if (hasAtomicOperators(replacement)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Replacement document must not contain atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.filter = filter;
+    this.replacement = replacement;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const filter = this.filter;
+    const replacement = this.replacement;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Set single document update
+    options.multi = false;
+
+    // Execute update
+    updateDocuments(coll, filter, replacement, options, (err, r) =>
+      replaceCallback(err, r, replacement, callback)
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+function replaceCallback(err, r, doc, callback) {
+  if (callback == null) return;
+  if (err && callback) return callback(err);
+  if (r == null) return callback(null, { result: { ok: 1 } });
+
+  r.modifiedCount = r.result.nModified != null ? r.result.nModified : r.result.n;
+  r.upsertedId =
+    Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length > 0
+      ? r.result.upserted[0] // FIXME(major): should be `r.result.upserted[0]._id`
+      : null;
+  r.upsertedCount =
+    Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length ? r.result.upserted.length : 0;
+  r.matchedCount =
+    Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length > 0 ? 0 : r.result.n;
+  r.ops = [doc]; // TODO: Should we still have this?
+  if (callback) callback(null, r);
+}
+
+module.exports = ReplaceOneOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/run_command.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/run_command.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5525ba2a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/run_command.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperationV2 = require('./command_v2');
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+
+class RunCommandOperation extends CommandOperationV2 {
+  constructor(parent, command, options) {
+    super(parent, options);
+    this.command = command;
+  }
+  execute(server, callback) {
+    const command = this.command;
+    this.executeCommand(server, command, callback);
+  }
+}
+defineAspects(RunCommandOperation, [Aspect.EXECUTE_WITH_SELECTION, Aspect.NO_INHERIT_OPTIONS]);
+
+module.exports = RunCommandOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/set_profiling_level.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/set_profiling_level.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b31cc130c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/set_profiling_level.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const levelValues = new Set(['off', 'slow_only', 'all']);
+
+class SetProfilingLevelOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(db, level, options) {
+    let profile = 0;
+
+    if (level === 'off') {
+      profile = 0;
+    } else if (level === 'slow_only') {
+      profile = 1;
+    } else if (level === 'all') {
+      profile = 2;
+    }
+
+    super(db, options);
+    this.level = level;
+    this.profile = profile;
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const profile = this.profile;
+
+    // Set up the profile number
+    const command = { profile };
+
+    return command;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const level = this.level;
+
+    if (!levelValues.has(level)) {
+      return callback(new Error('Error: illegal profiling level value ' + level));
+    }
+
+    super.execute((err, doc) => {
+      if (err == null && doc.ok === 1) return callback(null, level);
+      return err != null
+        ? callback(err, null)
+        : callback(new Error('Error with profile command'), null);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = SetProfilingLevelOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/stats.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/stats.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff79126e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/stats.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+/**
+ * Get all the collection statistics.
+ *
+ * @class
+ * @property {Collection} a Collection instance.
+ * @property {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.stats for a list of options.
+ */
+class StatsOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  /**
+   * Construct a Stats operation.
+   *
+   * @param {Collection} a Collection instance.
+   * @param {object} [options] Optional settings. See Collection.prototype.stats for a list of options.
+   */
+  constructor(collection, options) {
+    super(collection.s.db, options, collection);
+  }
+
+  _buildCommand() {
+    const collection = this.collection;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Build command object
+    const command = {
+      collStats: collection.collectionName
+    };
+
+    // Check if we have the scale value
+    if (options['scale'] != null) {
+      command['scale'] = options['scale'];
+    }
+
+    return command;
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(StatsOperation, Aspect.READ_OPERATION);
+
+module.exports = StatsOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/update_many.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/update_many.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d2252d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/update_many.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const updateDocuments = require('./common_functions').updateDocuments;
+const hasAtomicOperators = require('../utils').hasAtomicOperators;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+class UpdateManyOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, filter, update, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    if (!hasAtomicOperators(update)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Update document requires atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.filter = filter;
+    this.update = update;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const filter = this.filter;
+    const update = this.update;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Set single document update
+    options.multi = true;
+    // Execute update
+    updateDocuments(coll, filter, update, options, (err, r) => {
+      if (callback == null) return;
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      if (r == null) return callback(null, { result: { ok: 1 } });
+
+      // If an explain operation was executed, don't process the server results
+      if (this.explain) return callback(undefined, r.result);
+
+      r.modifiedCount = r.result.nModified != null ? r.result.nModified : r.result.n;
+      r.upsertedId =
+        Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length > 0
+          ? r.result.upserted[0] // FIXME(major): should be `r.result.upserted[0]._id`
+          : null;
+      r.upsertedCount =
+        Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length ? r.result.upserted.length : 0;
+      r.matchedCount =
+        Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length > 0 ? 0 : r.result.n;
+      callback(null, r);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(UpdateManyOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = UpdateManyOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/update_one.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/update_one.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e05cb93a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/update_one.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const OperationBase = require('./operation').OperationBase;
+const updateDocuments = require('./common_functions').updateDocuments;
+const hasAtomicOperators = require('../utils').hasAtomicOperators;
+const Aspect = require('./operation').Aspect;
+const defineAspects = require('./operation').defineAspects;
+
+class UpdateOneOperation extends OperationBase {
+  constructor(collection, filter, update, options) {
+    super(options);
+
+    if (!hasAtomicOperators(update)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Update document requires atomic operators');
+    }
+
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.filter = filter;
+    this.update = update;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const coll = this.collection;
+    const filter = this.filter;
+    const update = this.update;
+    const options = this.options;
+
+    // Set single document update
+    options.multi = false;
+    // Execute update
+    updateDocuments(coll, filter, update, options, (err, r) => {
+      if (callback == null) return;
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      if (r == null) return callback(null, { result: { ok: 1 } });
+
+      // If an explain operation was executed, don't process the server results
+      if (this.explain) return callback(undefined, r.result);
+
+      r.modifiedCount = r.result.nModified != null ? r.result.nModified : r.result.n;
+      r.upsertedId =
+        Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length > 0
+          ? r.result.upserted[0] // FIXME(major): should be `r.result.upserted[0]._id`
+          : null;
+      r.upsertedCount =
+        Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length ? r.result.upserted.length : 0;
+      r.matchedCount =
+        Array.isArray(r.result.upserted) && r.result.upserted.length > 0 ? 0 : r.result.n;
+      callback(null, r);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+defineAspects(UpdateOneOperation, [Aspect.EXPLAINABLE]);
+
+module.exports = UpdateOneOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/validate_collection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/validate_collection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc16cd225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/operations/validate_collection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CommandOperation = require('./command');
+
+class ValidateCollectionOperation extends CommandOperation {
+  constructor(admin, collectionName, options) {
+    // Decorate command with extra options
+    let command = { validate: collectionName };
+    const keys = Object.keys(options);
+    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, keys[i]) && keys[i] !== 'session') {
+        command[keys[i]] = options[keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+
+    super(admin.s.db, options, null, command);
+    this.collectionName = collectionName;
+  }
+
+  execute(callback) {
+    const collectionName = this.collectionName;
+
+    super.execute((err, doc) => {
+      if (err != null) return callback(err, null);
+
+      if (doc.ok === 0) return callback(new Error('Error with validate command'), null);
+      if (doc.result != null && doc.result.constructor !== String)
+        return callback(new Error('Error with validation data'), null);
+      if (doc.result != null && doc.result.match(/exception|corrupt/) != null)
+        return callback(new Error('Error: invalid collection ' + collectionName), null);
+      if (doc.valid != null && !doc.valid)
+        return callback(new Error('Error: invalid collection ' + collectionName), null);
+
+      return callback(null, doc);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ValidateCollectionOperation;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/read_concern.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/read_concern.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b48b8e0ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/read_concern.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * The **ReadConcern** class is a class that represents a MongoDB ReadConcern.
+ * @class
+ * @property {string} level The read concern level
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/index.html
+ */
+class ReadConcern {
+  /**
+   * Constructs a ReadConcern from the read concern properties.
+   * @param {string} [level] The read concern level ({'local'|'available'|'majority'|'linearizable'|'snapshot'})
+   */
+  constructor(level) {
+    if (level != null) {
+      this.level = level;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a ReadConcern given an options object.
+   *
+   * @param {object} options The options object from which to extract the write concern.
+   * @return {ReadConcern}
+   */
+  static fromOptions(options) {
+    if (options == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (options.readConcern) {
+      if (options.readConcern instanceof ReadConcern) {
+        return options.readConcern;
+      }
+
+      return new ReadConcern(options.readConcern.level);
+    }
+
+    if (options.level) {
+      return new ReadConcern(options.level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static get MAJORITY() {
+    return 'majority';
+  }
+
+  static get AVAILABLE() {
+    return 'available';
+  }
+
+  static get LINEARIZABLE() {
+    return 'linearizable';
+  }
+
+  static get SNAPSHOT() {
+    return 'snapshot';
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ReadConcern;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/mongos.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/mongos.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf30d20eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/mongos.js
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const TopologyBase = require('./topology_base').TopologyBase;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const CMongos = require('../core').Mongos;
+const Cursor = require('../cursor');
+const Server = require('./server');
+const Store = require('./topology_base').Store;
+const MAX_JS_INT = require('../utils').MAX_JS_INT;
+const translateOptions = require('../utils').translateOptions;
+const filterOptions = require('../utils').filterOptions;
+const mergeOptions = require('../utils').mergeOptions;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Mongos** class is a class that represents a Mongos Proxy topology and is
+ * used to construct connections.
+ *
+ * **Mongos Should not be used, use MongoClient.connect**
+ */
+
+// Allowed parameters
+var legalOptionNames = [
+  'ha',
+  'haInterval',
+  'acceptableLatencyMS',
+  'poolSize',
+  'ssl',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'sslValidate',
+  'sslCA',
+  'sslCRL',
+  'sslCert',
+  'ciphers',
+  'ecdhCurve',
+  'sslKey',
+  'sslPass',
+  'socketOptions',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'store',
+  'auto_reconnect',
+  'autoReconnect',
+  'emitError',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'noDelay',
+  'connectTimeoutMS',
+  'socketTimeoutMS',
+  'loggerLevel',
+  'logger',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'appname',
+  'domainsEnabled',
+  'servername',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'monitorCommands'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Mongos instance
+ * @class
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {Server[]} servers A seedlist of servers participating in the replicaset.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {booelan} [options.ha=true] Turn on high availability monitoring.
+ * @param {number} [options.haInterval=5000] Time between each replicaset status check.
+ * @param {number} [options.poolSize=5] Number of connections in the connection pool for each server instance, set to 5 as default for legacy reasons.
+ * @param {number} [options.acceptableLatencyMS=15] Cutoff latency point in MS for MongoS proxy selection
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use ssl connection (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support)
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sslValidate=false] Validate mongod server certificate against ca (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {array} [options.sslCA] Array of valid certificates either as Buffers or Strings (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {array} [options.sslCRL] Array of revocation certificates either as Buffers or Strings (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.ciphers] Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext. See https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options for more info.
+ * @param {string} [options.ecdhCurve] Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext. See https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options for more info.
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslCert] String or buffer containing the certificate we wish to present (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslKey] String or buffer containing the certificate private key we wish to present (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslPass] String or buffer containing the certificate password (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.servername] String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+ * @param {object} [options.socketOptions] Socket options
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.noDelay=true] TCP Socket NoDelay option.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] The number of milliseconds to wait before initiating keepAlive on the TCP socket
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.connectTimeoutMS=10000] How long to wait for a connection to be established before timing out
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.socketTimeoutMS=0] How long a send or receive on a socket can take before timing out
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitorCommands=false] Enable command monitoring for this topology
+ * @fires Mongos#connect
+ * @fires Mongos#ha
+ * @fires Mongos#joined
+ * @fires Mongos#left
+ * @fires Mongos#fullsetup
+ * @fires Mongos#open
+ * @fires Mongos#close
+ * @fires Mongos#error
+ * @fires Mongos#timeout
+ * @fires Mongos#parseError
+ * @fires Mongos#commandStarted
+ * @fires Mongos#commandSucceeded
+ * @fires Mongos#commandFailed
+ * @property {string} parserType the parser type used (c++ or js).
+ * @return {Mongos} a Mongos instance.
+ */
+class Mongos extends TopologyBase {
+  constructor(servers, options) {
+    super();
+
+    options = options || {};
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Filter the options
+    options = filterOptions(options, legalOptionNames);
+
+    // Ensure all the instances are Server
+    for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+      if (!(servers[i] instanceof Server)) {
+        throw MongoError.create({
+          message: 'all seed list instances must be of the Server type',
+          driver: true
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Stored options
+    var storeOptions = {
+      force: false,
+      bufferMaxEntries:
+        typeof options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? options.bufferMaxEntries : MAX_JS_INT
+    };
+
+    // Shared global store
+    var store = options.store || new Store(self, storeOptions);
+
+    // Build seed list
+    var seedlist = servers.map(function(x) {
+      return { host: x.host, port: x.port };
+    });
+
+    // Get the reconnect option
+    var reconnect = typeof options.auto_reconnect === 'boolean' ? options.auto_reconnect : true;
+    reconnect = typeof options.autoReconnect === 'boolean' ? options.autoReconnect : reconnect;
+
+    // Clone options
+    var clonedOptions = mergeOptions(
+      {},
+      {
+        disconnectHandler: store,
+        cursorFactory: Cursor,
+        reconnect: reconnect,
+        emitError: typeof options.emitError === 'boolean' ? options.emitError : true,
+        size: typeof options.poolSize === 'number' ? options.poolSize : 5,
+        monitorCommands:
+          typeof options.monitorCommands === 'boolean' ? options.monitorCommands : false
+      }
+    );
+
+    // Translate any SSL options and other connectivity options
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, options);
+
+    // Socket options
+    var socketOptions =
+      options.socketOptions && Object.keys(options.socketOptions).length > 0
+        ? options.socketOptions
+        : options;
+
+    // Translate all the options to the core types
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, socketOptions);
+
+    // Internal state
+    this.s = {
+      // Create the Mongos
+      coreTopology: new CMongos(seedlist, clonedOptions),
+      // Server capabilities
+      sCapabilities: null,
+      // Debug turned on
+      debug: clonedOptions.debug,
+      // Store option defaults
+      storeOptions: storeOptions,
+      // Cloned options
+      clonedOptions: clonedOptions,
+      // Actual store of callbacks
+      store: store,
+      // Options
+      options: options,
+      // Server Session Pool
+      sessionPool: null,
+      // Active client sessions
+      sessions: new Set(),
+      // Promise library
+      promiseLibrary: options.promiseLibrary || Promise
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Connect
+  connect(_options, callback) {
+    var self = this;
+    if ('function' === typeof _options) (callback = _options), (_options = {});
+    if (_options == null) _options = {};
+    if (!('function' === typeof callback)) callback = null;
+    _options = Object.assign({}, this.s.clonedOptions, _options);
+    self.s.options = _options;
+
+    // Update bufferMaxEntries
+    self.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries =
+      typeof _options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? _options.bufferMaxEntries : -1;
+
+    // Error handler
+    var connectErrorHandler = function() {
+      return function(err) {
+        // Remove all event handlers
+        var events = ['timeout', 'error', 'close'];
+        events.forEach(function(e) {
+          self.removeListener(e, connectErrorHandler);
+        });
+
+        self.s.coreTopology.removeListener('connect', connectErrorHandler);
+        // Force close the topology
+        self.close(true);
+
+        // Try to callback
+        try {
+          callback(err);
+        } catch (err) {
+          process.nextTick(function() {
+            throw err;
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Actual handler
+    var errorHandler = function(event) {
+      return function(err) {
+        if (event !== 'error') {
+          self.emit(event, err);
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Error handler
+    var reconnectHandler = function() {
+      self.emit('reconnect');
+      self.s.store.execute();
+    };
+
+    // relay the event
+    var relay = function(event) {
+      return function(t, server) {
+        self.emit(event, t, server);
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Connect handler
+    var connectHandler = function() {
+      // Clear out all the current handlers left over
+      var events = ['timeout', 'error', 'close', 'fullsetup'];
+      events.forEach(function(e) {
+        self.s.coreTopology.removeAllListeners(e);
+      });
+
+      // Set up listeners
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('timeout', errorHandler('timeout'));
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('error', errorHandler('error'));
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('close', errorHandler('close'));
+
+      // Set up serverConfig listeners
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('fullsetup', function() {
+        self.emit('fullsetup', self);
+      });
+
+      // Emit open event
+      self.emit('open', null, self);
+
+      // Return correctly
+      try {
+        callback(null, self);
+      } catch (err) {
+        process.nextTick(function() {
+          throw err;
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Clear out all the current handlers left over
+    var events = [
+      'timeout',
+      'error',
+      'close',
+      'serverOpening',
+      'serverDescriptionChanged',
+      'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+      'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+      'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+      'serverClosed',
+      'topologyOpening',
+      'topologyClosed',
+      'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+      'commandStarted',
+      'commandSucceeded',
+      'commandFailed'
+    ];
+    events.forEach(function(e) {
+      self.s.coreTopology.removeAllListeners(e);
+    });
+
+    // Set up SDAM listeners
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverDescriptionChanged', relay('serverDescriptionChanged'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatStarted', relay('serverHeartbeatStarted'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatSucceeded', relay('serverHeartbeatSucceeded'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatFailed', relay('serverHeartbeatFailed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverOpening', relay('serverOpening'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverClosed', relay('serverClosed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyOpening', relay('topologyOpening'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyClosed', relay('topologyClosed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyDescriptionChanged', relay('topologyDescriptionChanged'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandStarted', relay('commandStarted'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandSucceeded', relay('commandSucceeded'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandFailed', relay('commandFailed'));
+
+    // Set up listeners
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('timeout', connectErrorHandler('timeout'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('error', connectErrorHandler('error'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('close', connectErrorHandler('close'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('connect', connectHandler);
+    // Join and leave events
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('joined', relay('joined'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('left', relay('left'));
+
+    // Reconnect server
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('reconnect', reconnectHandler);
+
+    // Start connection
+    self.s.coreTopology.connect(_options);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Mongos.prototype, 'haInterval', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.s.haInterval;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * A mongos connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#connect
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The mongos high availability event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#ha
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The stage in the high availability event (start|end)
+ * @param {boolean} data.norepeat This is a repeating high availability process or a single execution only
+ * @param {number} data.id The id for this high availability request
+ * @param {object} data.state An object containing the information about the current replicaset
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member left the mongos set
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#left
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that left (primary|secondary|arbiter)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that left
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member joined the mongos set
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#joined
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that joined (primary|secondary|arbiter)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that joined
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mongos fullsetup event, emitted when all proxies in the topology have been connected to.
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#fullsetup
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mongos open event, emitted when mongos can start processing commands.
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#open
+ * @type {Mongos}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mongos close event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#close
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mongos error event, emitted if there is an error listener.
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#error
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mongos timeout event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#timeout
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mongos parseError event
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#parseError
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command was started, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#commandStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command succeeded, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#commandSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command failed, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Mongos#commandFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Mongos;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/native_topology.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/native_topology.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb7d91dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/native_topology.js
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Topology = require('../core').Topology;
+const ServerCapabilities = require('./topology_base').ServerCapabilities;
+const Cursor = require('../cursor');
+const translateOptions = require('../utils').translateOptions;
+
+class NativeTopology extends Topology {
+  constructor(servers, options) {
+    options = options || {};
+
+    let clonedOptions = Object.assign(
+      {},
+      {
+        cursorFactory: Cursor,
+        reconnect: false,
+        emitError: typeof options.emitError === 'boolean' ? options.emitError : true,
+        maxPoolSize:
+          typeof options.maxPoolSize === 'number'
+            ? options.maxPoolSize
+            : typeof options.poolSize === 'number'
+            ? options.poolSize
+            : 10,
+        minPoolSize:
+          typeof options.minPoolSize === 'number'
+            ? options.minPoolSize
+            : typeof options.minSize === 'number'
+            ? options.minSize
+            : 0,
+        monitorCommands:
+          typeof options.monitorCommands === 'boolean' ? options.monitorCommands : false
+      }
+    );
+
+    // Translate any SSL options and other connectivity options
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, options);
+
+    // Socket options
+    var socketOptions =
+      options.socketOptions && Object.keys(options.socketOptions).length > 0
+        ? options.socketOptions
+        : options;
+
+    // Translate all the options to the core types
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, socketOptions);
+
+    super(servers, clonedOptions);
+  }
+
+  capabilities() {
+    if (this.s.sCapabilities) return this.s.sCapabilities;
+    if (this.lastIsMaster() == null) return null;
+    this.s.sCapabilities = new ServerCapabilities(this.lastIsMaster());
+    return this.s.sCapabilities;
+  }
+
+  // Command
+  command(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+    super.command(ns.toString(), cmd, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Insert
+  insert(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    super.insert(ns.toString(), ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Update
+  update(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    super.update(ns.toString(), ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Remove
+  remove(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    super.remove(ns.toString(), ops, options, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = NativeTopology;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/replset.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/replset.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80701f5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/replset.js
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Server = require('./server');
+const Cursor = require('../cursor');
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const TopologyBase = require('./topology_base').TopologyBase;
+const Store = require('./topology_base').Store;
+const CReplSet = require('../core').ReplSet;
+const MAX_JS_INT = require('../utils').MAX_JS_INT;
+const translateOptions = require('../utils').translateOptions;
+const filterOptions = require('../utils').filterOptions;
+const mergeOptions = require('../utils').mergeOptions;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **ReplSet** class is a class that represents a Replicaset topology and is
+ * used to construct connections.
+ *
+ * **ReplSet Should not be used, use MongoClient.connect**
+ */
+
+// Allowed parameters
+var legalOptionNames = [
+  'ha',
+  'haInterval',
+  'replicaSet',
+  'rs_name',
+  'secondaryAcceptableLatencyMS',
+  'connectWithNoPrimary',
+  'poolSize',
+  'ssl',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'sslValidate',
+  'sslCA',
+  'sslCert',
+  'ciphers',
+  'ecdhCurve',
+  'sslCRL',
+  'sslKey',
+  'sslPass',
+  'socketOptions',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'store',
+  'auto_reconnect',
+  'autoReconnect',
+  'emitError',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'noDelay',
+  'connectTimeoutMS',
+  'socketTimeoutMS',
+  'strategy',
+  'debug',
+  'family',
+  'loggerLevel',
+  'logger',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'appname',
+  'domainsEnabled',
+  'servername',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'maxStalenessSeconds',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'minSize',
+  'monitorCommands'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new ReplSet instance
+ * @class
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {Server[]} servers A seedlist of servers participating in the replicaset.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ha=true] Turn on high availability monitoring.
+ * @param {number} [options.haInterval=10000] Time between each replicaset status check.
+ * @param {string} [options.replicaSet] The name of the replicaset to connect to.
+ * @param {number} [options.secondaryAcceptableLatencyMS=15] Sets the range of servers to pick when using NEAREST (lowest ping ms + the latency fence, ex: range of 1 to (1 + 15) ms)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.connectWithNoPrimary=false] Sets if the driver should connect even if no primary is available
+ * @param {number} [options.poolSize=5] Number of connections in the connection pool for each server instance, set to 5 as default for legacy reasons.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use ssl connection (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support)
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sslValidate=false] Validate mongod server certificate against ca (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {array} [options.sslCA] Array of valid certificates either as Buffers or Strings (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {array} [options.sslCRL] Array of revocation certificates either as Buffers or Strings (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslCert] String or buffer containing the certificate we wish to present (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher.
+ * @param {string} [options.ciphers] Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext. See https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options for more info.
+ * @param {string} [options.ecdhCurve] Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext. See https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options for more info.
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslKey] String or buffer containing the certificate private key we wish to present (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslPass] String or buffer containing the certificate password (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.servername] String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+ * @param {object} [options.socketOptions] Socket options
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.noDelay=true] TCP Socket NoDelay option.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] The number of milliseconds to wait before initiating keepAlive on the TCP socket
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.connectTimeoutMS=10000] How long to wait for a connection to be established before timing out
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.socketTimeoutMS=360000] How long a send or receive on a socket can take before timing out
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxStalenessSeconds=undefined] The max staleness to secondary reads (values under 10 seconds cannot be guaranteed);
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitorCommands=false] Enable command monitoring for this topology
+ * @fires ReplSet#connect
+ * @fires ReplSet#ha
+ * @fires ReplSet#joined
+ * @fires ReplSet#left
+ * @fires ReplSet#fullsetup
+ * @fires ReplSet#open
+ * @fires ReplSet#close
+ * @fires ReplSet#error
+ * @fires ReplSet#timeout
+ * @fires ReplSet#parseError
+ * @fires ReplSet#commandStarted
+ * @fires ReplSet#commandSucceeded
+ * @fires ReplSet#commandFailed
+ * @property {string} parserType the parser type used (c++ or js).
+ * @return {ReplSet} a ReplSet instance.
+ */
+class ReplSet extends TopologyBase {
+  constructor(servers, options) {
+    super();
+
+    options = options || {};
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Filter the options
+    options = filterOptions(options, legalOptionNames);
+
+    // Ensure all the instances are Server
+    for (var i = 0; i < servers.length; i++) {
+      if (!(servers[i] instanceof Server)) {
+        throw MongoError.create({
+          message: 'all seed list instances must be of the Server type',
+          driver: true
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Stored options
+    var storeOptions = {
+      force: false,
+      bufferMaxEntries:
+        typeof options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? options.bufferMaxEntries : MAX_JS_INT
+    };
+
+    // Shared global store
+    var store = options.store || new Store(self, storeOptions);
+
+    // Build seed list
+    var seedlist = servers.map(function(x) {
+      return { host: x.host, port: x.port };
+    });
+
+    // Clone options
+    var clonedOptions = mergeOptions(
+      {},
+      {
+        disconnectHandler: store,
+        cursorFactory: Cursor,
+        reconnect: false,
+        emitError: typeof options.emitError === 'boolean' ? options.emitError : true,
+        size: typeof options.poolSize === 'number' ? options.poolSize : 5,
+        monitorCommands:
+          typeof options.monitorCommands === 'boolean' ? options.monitorCommands : false
+      }
+    );
+
+    // Translate any SSL options and other connectivity options
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, options);
+
+    // Socket options
+    var socketOptions =
+      options.socketOptions && Object.keys(options.socketOptions).length > 0
+        ? options.socketOptions
+        : options;
+
+    // Translate all the options to the core types
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, socketOptions);
+
+    // Create the ReplSet
+    var coreTopology = new CReplSet(seedlist, clonedOptions);
+
+    // Listen to reconnect event
+    coreTopology.on('reconnect', function() {
+      self.emit('reconnect');
+      store.execute();
+    });
+
+    // Internal state
+    this.s = {
+      // Replicaset
+      coreTopology: coreTopology,
+      // Server capabilities
+      sCapabilities: null,
+      // Debug tag
+      tag: options.tag,
+      // Store options
+      storeOptions: storeOptions,
+      // Cloned options
+      clonedOptions: clonedOptions,
+      // Store
+      store: store,
+      // Options
+      options: options,
+      // Server Session Pool
+      sessionPool: null,
+      // Active client sessions
+      sessions: new Set(),
+      // Promise library
+      promiseLibrary: options.promiseLibrary || Promise
+    };
+
+    // Debug
+    if (clonedOptions.debug) {
+      // Last ismaster
+      Object.defineProperty(this, 'replset', {
+        enumerable: true,
+        get: function() {
+          return coreTopology;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Connect method
+  connect(_options, callback) {
+    var self = this;
+    if ('function' === typeof _options) (callback = _options), (_options = {});
+    if (_options == null) _options = {};
+    if (!('function' === typeof callback)) callback = null;
+    _options = Object.assign({}, this.s.clonedOptions, _options);
+    self.s.options = _options;
+
+    // Update bufferMaxEntries
+    self.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries =
+      typeof _options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? _options.bufferMaxEntries : -1;
+
+    // Actual handler
+    var errorHandler = function(event) {
+      return function(err) {
+        if (event !== 'error') {
+          self.emit(event, err);
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Clear out all the current handlers left over
+    var events = [
+      'timeout',
+      'error',
+      'close',
+      'serverOpening',
+      'serverDescriptionChanged',
+      'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+      'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+      'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+      'serverClosed',
+      'topologyOpening',
+      'topologyClosed',
+      'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+      'commandStarted',
+      'commandSucceeded',
+      'commandFailed',
+      'joined',
+      'left',
+      'ping',
+      'ha'
+    ];
+    events.forEach(function(e) {
+      self.s.coreTopology.removeAllListeners(e);
+    });
+
+    // relay the event
+    var relay = function(event) {
+      return function(t, server) {
+        self.emit(event, t, server);
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Replset events relay
+    var replsetRelay = function(event) {
+      return function(t, server) {
+        self.emit(event, t, server.lastIsMaster(), server);
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Relay ha
+    var relayHa = function(t, state) {
+      self.emit('ha', t, state);
+
+      if (t === 'start') {
+        self.emit('ha_connect', t, state);
+      } else if (t === 'end') {
+        self.emit('ha_ismaster', t, state);
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Set up serverConfig listeners
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('joined', replsetRelay('joined'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('left', relay('left'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('ping', relay('ping'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('ha', relayHa);
+
+    // Set up SDAM listeners
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverDescriptionChanged', relay('serverDescriptionChanged'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatStarted', relay('serverHeartbeatStarted'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatSucceeded', relay('serverHeartbeatSucceeded'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatFailed', relay('serverHeartbeatFailed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverOpening', relay('serverOpening'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverClosed', relay('serverClosed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyOpening', relay('topologyOpening'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyClosed', relay('topologyClosed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyDescriptionChanged', relay('topologyDescriptionChanged'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandStarted', relay('commandStarted'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandSucceeded', relay('commandSucceeded'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandFailed', relay('commandFailed'));
+
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('fullsetup', function() {
+      self.emit('fullsetup', self, self);
+    });
+
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('all', function() {
+      self.emit('all', null, self);
+    });
+
+    // Connect handler
+    var connectHandler = function() {
+      // Set up listeners
+      self.s.coreTopology.once('timeout', errorHandler('timeout'));
+      self.s.coreTopology.once('error', errorHandler('error'));
+      self.s.coreTopology.once('close', errorHandler('close'));
+
+      // Emit open event
+      self.emit('open', null, self);
+
+      // Return correctly
+      try {
+        callback(null, self);
+      } catch (err) {
+        process.nextTick(function() {
+          throw err;
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Error handler
+    var connectErrorHandler = function() {
+      return function(err) {
+        ['timeout', 'error', 'close'].forEach(function(e) {
+          self.s.coreTopology.removeListener(e, connectErrorHandler);
+        });
+
+        self.s.coreTopology.removeListener('connect', connectErrorHandler);
+        // Destroy the replset
+        self.s.coreTopology.destroy();
+
+        // Try to callback
+        try {
+          callback(err);
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (!self.s.coreTopology.isConnected())
+            process.nextTick(function() {
+              throw err;
+            });
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Set up listeners
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('timeout', connectErrorHandler('timeout'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('error', connectErrorHandler('error'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('close', connectErrorHandler('close'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('connect', connectHandler);
+
+    // Start connection
+    self.s.coreTopology.connect(_options);
+  }
+
+  close(forceClosed, callback) {
+    ['timeout', 'error', 'close', 'joined', 'left'].forEach(e => this.removeAllListeners(e));
+    super.close(forceClosed, callback);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(ReplSet.prototype, 'haInterval', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.s.haInterval;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * A replset connect event, used to verify that the connection is up and running
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#connect
+ * @type {ReplSet}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The replset high availability event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#ha
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The stage in the high availability event (start|end)
+ * @param {boolean} data.norepeat This is a repeating high availability process or a single execution only
+ * @param {number} data.id The id for this high availability request
+ * @param {object} data.state An object containing the information about the current replicaset
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member left the replicaset
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#left
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that left (primary|secondary|arbiter)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that left
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A server member joined the replicaset
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#joined
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {string} type The type of member that joined (primary|secondary|arbiter)
+ * @param {Server} server The server object that joined
+ */
+
+/**
+ * ReplSet open event, emitted when replicaset can start processing commands.
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#open
+ * @type {Replset}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * ReplSet fullsetup event, emitted when all servers in the topology have been connected to.
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#fullsetup
+ * @type {Replset}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * ReplSet close event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#close
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * ReplSet error event, emitted if there is an error listener.
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#error
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * ReplSet timeout event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#timeout
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * ReplSet parseError event
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#parseError
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command was started, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#commandStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command succeeded, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#commandSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command failed, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event ReplSet#commandFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+module.exports = ReplSet;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/server.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/server.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0abaad3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/server.js
@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CServer = require('../core').Server;
+const Cursor = require('../cursor');
+const TopologyBase = require('./topology_base').TopologyBase;
+const Store = require('./topology_base').Store;
+const MongoError = require('../core').MongoError;
+const MAX_JS_INT = require('../utils').MAX_JS_INT;
+const translateOptions = require('../utils').translateOptions;
+const filterOptions = require('../utils').filterOptions;
+const mergeOptions = require('../utils').mergeOptions;
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview The **Server** class is a class that represents a single server topology and is
+ * used to construct connections.
+ *
+ * **Server Should not be used, use MongoClient.connect**
+ */
+
+// Allowed parameters
+var legalOptionNames = [
+  'ha',
+  'haInterval',
+  'acceptableLatencyMS',
+  'poolSize',
+  'ssl',
+  'checkServerIdentity',
+  'sslValidate',
+  'sslCA',
+  'sslCRL',
+  'sslCert',
+  'ciphers',
+  'ecdhCurve',
+  'sslKey',
+  'sslPass',
+  'socketOptions',
+  'bufferMaxEntries',
+  'store',
+  'auto_reconnect',
+  'autoReconnect',
+  'emitError',
+  'keepAlive',
+  'keepAliveInitialDelay',
+  'noDelay',
+  'connectTimeoutMS',
+  'socketTimeoutMS',
+  'family',
+  'loggerLevel',
+  'logger',
+  'reconnectTries',
+  'reconnectInterval',
+  'monitoring',
+  'appname',
+  'domainsEnabled',
+  'servername',
+  'promoteLongs',
+  'promoteValues',
+  'promoteBuffers',
+  'compression',
+  'promiseLibrary',
+  'monitorCommands'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new Server instance
+ * @class
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {string} host The host for the server, can be either an IP4, IP6 or domain socket style host.
+ * @param {number} [port] The server port if IP4.
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings.
+ * @param {number} [options.poolSize=5] Number of connections in the connection pool for each server instance, set to 5 as default for legacy reasons.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.ssl=false] Use ssl connection (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sslValidate=false] Validate mongod server certificate against ca (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {boolean|function} [options.checkServerIdentity=true] Ensure we check server identify during SSL, set to false to disable checking. Only works for Node 0.12.x or higher. You can pass in a boolean or your own checkServerIdentity override function.
+ * @param {array} [options.sslCA] Array of valid certificates either as Buffers or Strings (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {array} [options.sslCRL] Array of revocation certificates either as Buffers or Strings (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslCert] String or buffer containing the certificate we wish to present (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.ciphers] Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext. See https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options for more info.
+ * @param {string} [options.ecdhCurve] Passed directly through to tls.createSecureContext. See https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/tls.html#tls_tls_createsecurecontext_options for more info.
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslKey] String or buffer containing the certificate private key we wish to present (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [options.sslPass] String or buffer containing the certificate password (needs to have a mongod server with ssl support, 2.4 or higher)
+ * @param {string} [options.servername] String containing the server name requested via TLS SNI.
+ * @param {object} [options.socketOptions] Socket options
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.autoReconnect=true] Reconnect on error.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.noDelay=true] TCP Socket NoDelay option.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.socketOptions.keepAlive=true] TCP Connection keep alive enabled
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.keepAliveInitialDelay=120000] The number of milliseconds to wait before initiating keepAlive on the TCP socket
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.connectTimeoutMS=10000] How long to wait for a connection to be established before timing out
+ * @param {number} [options.socketOptions.socketTimeoutMS=0] How long a send or receive on a socket can take before timing out
+ * @param {number} [options.reconnectTries=30] Server attempt to reconnect #times
+ * @param {number} [options.reconnectInterval=1000] Server will wait # milliseconds between retries
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitoring=true] Triggers the server instance to call ismaster
+ * @param {number} [options.haInterval=10000] The interval of calling ismaster when monitoring is enabled.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.domainsEnabled=false] Enable the wrapping of the callback in the current domain, disabled by default to avoid perf hit.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.monitorCommands=false] Enable command monitoring for this topology
+ * @fires Server#connect
+ * @fires Server#close
+ * @fires Server#error
+ * @fires Server#timeout
+ * @fires Server#parseError
+ * @fires Server#reconnect
+ * @fires Server#commandStarted
+ * @fires Server#commandSucceeded
+ * @fires Server#commandFailed
+ * @property {string} parserType the parser type used (c++ or js).
+ * @return {Server} a Server instance.
+ */
+class Server extends TopologyBase {
+  constructor(host, port, options) {
+    super();
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Filter the options
+    options = filterOptions(options, legalOptionNames);
+
+    // Promise library
+    const promiseLibrary = options.promiseLibrary;
+
+    // Stored options
+    var storeOptions = {
+      force: false,
+      bufferMaxEntries:
+        typeof options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? options.bufferMaxEntries : MAX_JS_INT
+    };
+
+    // Shared global store
+    var store = options.store || new Store(self, storeOptions);
+
+    // Detect if we have a socket connection
+    if (host.indexOf('/') !== -1) {
+      if (port != null && typeof port === 'object') {
+        options = port;
+        port = null;
+      }
+    } else if (port == null) {
+      throw MongoError.create({ message: 'port must be specified', driver: true });
+    }
+
+    // Get the reconnect option
+    var reconnect = typeof options.auto_reconnect === 'boolean' ? options.auto_reconnect : true;
+    reconnect = typeof options.autoReconnect === 'boolean' ? options.autoReconnect : reconnect;
+
+    // Clone options
+    var clonedOptions = mergeOptions(
+      {},
+      {
+        host: host,
+        port: port,
+        disconnectHandler: store,
+        cursorFactory: Cursor,
+        reconnect: reconnect,
+        emitError: typeof options.emitError === 'boolean' ? options.emitError : true,
+        size: typeof options.poolSize === 'number' ? options.poolSize : 5,
+        monitorCommands:
+          typeof options.monitorCommands === 'boolean' ? options.monitorCommands : false
+      }
+    );
+
+    // Translate any SSL options and other connectivity options
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, options);
+
+    // Socket options
+    var socketOptions =
+      options.socketOptions && Object.keys(options.socketOptions).length > 0
+        ? options.socketOptions
+        : options;
+
+    // Translate all the options to the core types
+    clonedOptions = translateOptions(clonedOptions, socketOptions);
+
+    // Define the internal properties
+    this.s = {
+      // Create an instance of a server instance from core module
+      coreTopology: new CServer(clonedOptions),
+      // Server capabilities
+      sCapabilities: null,
+      // Cloned options
+      clonedOptions: clonedOptions,
+      // Reconnect
+      reconnect: clonedOptions.reconnect,
+      // Emit error
+      emitError: clonedOptions.emitError,
+      // Pool size
+      poolSize: clonedOptions.size,
+      // Store Options
+      storeOptions: storeOptions,
+      // Store
+      store: store,
+      // Host
+      host: host,
+      // Port
+      port: port,
+      // Options
+      options: options,
+      // Server Session Pool
+      sessionPool: null,
+      // Active client sessions
+      sessions: new Set(),
+      // Promise library
+      promiseLibrary: promiseLibrary || Promise
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Connect
+  connect(_options, callback) {
+    var self = this;
+    if ('function' === typeof _options) (callback = _options), (_options = {});
+    if (_options == null) _options = this.s.clonedOptions;
+    if (!('function' === typeof callback)) callback = null;
+    _options = Object.assign({}, this.s.clonedOptions, _options);
+    self.s.options = _options;
+
+    // Update bufferMaxEntries
+    self.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries =
+      typeof _options.bufferMaxEntries === 'number' ? _options.bufferMaxEntries : -1;
+
+    // Error handler
+    var connectErrorHandler = function() {
+      return function(err) {
+        // Remove all event handlers
+        var events = ['timeout', 'error', 'close'];
+        events.forEach(function(e) {
+          self.s.coreTopology.removeListener(e, connectHandlers[e]);
+        });
+
+        self.s.coreTopology.removeListener('connect', connectErrorHandler);
+
+        // Try to callback
+        try {
+          callback(err);
+        } catch (err) {
+          process.nextTick(function() {
+            throw err;
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Actual handler
+    var errorHandler = function(event) {
+      return function(err) {
+        if (event !== 'error') {
+          self.emit(event, err);
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Error handler
+    var reconnectHandler = function() {
+      self.emit('reconnect', self);
+      self.s.store.execute();
+    };
+
+    // Reconnect failed
+    var reconnectFailedHandler = function(err) {
+      self.emit('reconnectFailed', err);
+      self.s.store.flush(err);
+    };
+
+    // Destroy called on topology, perform cleanup
+    var destroyHandler = function() {
+      self.s.store.flush();
+    };
+
+    // relay the event
+    var relay = function(event) {
+      return function(t, server) {
+        self.emit(event, t, server);
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Connect handler
+    var connectHandler = function() {
+      // Clear out all the current handlers left over
+      ['timeout', 'error', 'close', 'destroy'].forEach(function(e) {
+        self.s.coreTopology.removeAllListeners(e);
+      });
+
+      // Set up listeners
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('timeout', errorHandler('timeout'));
+      self.s.coreTopology.once('error', errorHandler('error'));
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('close', errorHandler('close'));
+      // Only called on destroy
+      self.s.coreTopology.on('destroy', destroyHandler);
+
+      // Emit open event
+      self.emit('open', null, self);
+
+      // Return correctly
+      try {
+        callback(null, self);
+      } catch (err) {
+        process.nextTick(function() {
+          throw err;
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Set up listeners
+    var connectHandlers = {
+      timeout: connectErrorHandler('timeout'),
+      error: connectErrorHandler('error'),
+      close: connectErrorHandler('close')
+    };
+
+    // Clear out all the current handlers left over
+    [
+      'timeout',
+      'error',
+      'close',
+      'serverOpening',
+      'serverDescriptionChanged',
+      'serverHeartbeatStarted',
+      'serverHeartbeatSucceeded',
+      'serverHeartbeatFailed',
+      'serverClosed',
+      'topologyOpening',
+      'topologyClosed',
+      'topologyDescriptionChanged',
+      'commandStarted',
+      'commandSucceeded',
+      'commandFailed'
+    ].forEach(function(e) {
+      self.s.coreTopology.removeAllListeners(e);
+    });
+
+    // Add the event handlers
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('timeout', connectHandlers.timeout);
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('error', connectHandlers.error);
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('close', connectHandlers.close);
+    self.s.coreTopology.once('connect', connectHandler);
+    // Reconnect server
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('reconnect', reconnectHandler);
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('reconnectFailed', reconnectFailedHandler);
+
+    // Set up SDAM listeners
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverDescriptionChanged', relay('serverDescriptionChanged'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatStarted', relay('serverHeartbeatStarted'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatSucceeded', relay('serverHeartbeatSucceeded'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverHeartbeatFailed', relay('serverHeartbeatFailed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverOpening', relay('serverOpening'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('serverClosed', relay('serverClosed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyOpening', relay('topologyOpening'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyClosed', relay('topologyClosed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('topologyDescriptionChanged', relay('topologyDescriptionChanged'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandStarted', relay('commandStarted'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandSucceeded', relay('commandSucceeded'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('commandFailed', relay('commandFailed'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('attemptReconnect', relay('attemptReconnect'));
+    self.s.coreTopology.on('monitoring', relay('monitoring'));
+
+    // Start connection
+    self.s.coreTopology.connect(_options);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'poolSize', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.connections().length;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'autoReconnect', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.reconnect;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'host', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.host;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Server.prototype, 'port', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.port;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Server connect event
+ *
+ * @event Server#connect
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server close event
+ *
+ * @event Server#close
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server reconnect event
+ *
+ * @event Server#reconnect
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server error event
+ *
+ * @event Server#error
+ * @type {MongoError}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server timeout event
+ *
+ * @event Server#timeout
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Server parseError event
+ *
+ * @event Server#parseError
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command was started, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Server#commandStarted
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command succeeded, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Server#commandSucceeded
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An event emitted indicating a command failed, if command monitoring is enabled
+ *
+ * @event Server#commandFailed
+ * @type {object}
+ */
+
+module.exports = Server;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/topology_base.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/topology_base.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..938f1a220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/topologies/topology_base.js
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events'),
+  MongoError = require('../core').MongoError,
+  f = require('util').format,
+  ReadPreference = require('../core').ReadPreference,
+  ClientSession = require('../core').Sessions.ClientSession;
+
+// The store of ops
+var Store = function(topology, storeOptions) {
+  var self = this;
+  var storedOps = [];
+  storeOptions = storeOptions || { force: false, bufferMaxEntries: -1 };
+
+  // Internal state
+  this.s = {
+    storedOps: storedOps,
+    storeOptions: storeOptions,
+    topology: topology
+  };
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'length', {
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: function() {
+      return self.s.storedOps.length;
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+Store.prototype.add = function(opType, ns, ops, options, callback) {
+  if (this.s.storeOptions.force) {
+    return callback(MongoError.create({ message: 'db closed by application', driver: true }));
+  }
+
+  if (this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries === 0) {
+    return callback(
+      MongoError.create({
+        message: f(
+          'no connection available for operation and number of stored operation > %s',
+          this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries
+        ),
+        driver: true
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (
+    this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries > 0 &&
+    this.s.storedOps.length > this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries
+  ) {
+    while (this.s.storedOps.length > 0) {
+      var op = this.s.storedOps.shift();
+      op.c(
+        MongoError.create({
+          message: f(
+            'no connection available for operation and number of stored operation > %s',
+            this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries
+          ),
+          driver: true
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.s.storedOps.push({ t: opType, n: ns, o: ops, op: options, c: callback });
+};
+
+Store.prototype.addObjectAndMethod = function(opType, object, method, params, callback) {
+  if (this.s.storeOptions.force) {
+    return callback(MongoError.create({ message: 'db closed by application', driver: true }));
+  }
+
+  if (this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries === 0) {
+    return callback(
+      MongoError.create({
+        message: f(
+          'no connection available for operation and number of stored operation > %s',
+          this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries
+        ),
+        driver: true
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (
+    this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries > 0 &&
+    this.s.storedOps.length > this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries
+  ) {
+    while (this.s.storedOps.length > 0) {
+      var op = this.s.storedOps.shift();
+      op.c(
+        MongoError.create({
+          message: f(
+            'no connection available for operation and number of stored operation > %s',
+            this.s.storeOptions.bufferMaxEntries
+          ),
+          driver: true
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.s.storedOps.push({ t: opType, m: method, o: object, p: params, c: callback });
+};
+
+Store.prototype.flush = function(err) {
+  while (this.s.storedOps.length > 0) {
+    this.s.storedOps
+      .shift()
+      .c(
+        err ||
+          MongoError.create({ message: f('no connection available for operation'), driver: true })
+      );
+  }
+};
+
+var primaryOptions = ['primary', 'primaryPreferred', 'nearest', 'secondaryPreferred'];
+var secondaryOptions = ['secondary', 'secondaryPreferred'];
+
+Store.prototype.execute = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  // Get current ops
+  var ops = this.s.storedOps;
+  // Reset the ops
+  this.s.storedOps = [];
+
+  // Unpack options
+  var executePrimary = typeof options.executePrimary === 'boolean' ? options.executePrimary : true;
+  var executeSecondary =
+    typeof options.executeSecondary === 'boolean' ? options.executeSecondary : true;
+
+  // Execute all the stored ops
+  while (ops.length > 0) {
+    var op = ops.shift();
+
+    if (op.t === 'cursor') {
+      if (executePrimary && executeSecondary) {
+        op.o[op.m].apply(op.o, op.p);
+      } else if (
+        executePrimary &&
+        op.o.options &&
+        op.o.options.readPreference &&
+        primaryOptions.indexOf(op.o.options.readPreference.mode) !== -1
+      ) {
+        op.o[op.m].apply(op.o, op.p);
+      } else if (
+        !executePrimary &&
+        executeSecondary &&
+        op.o.options &&
+        op.o.options.readPreference &&
+        secondaryOptions.indexOf(op.o.options.readPreference.mode) !== -1
+      ) {
+        op.o[op.m].apply(op.o, op.p);
+      }
+    } else if (op.t === 'auth') {
+      this.s.topology[op.t].apply(this.s.topology, op.o);
+    } else {
+      if (executePrimary && executeSecondary) {
+        this.s.topology[op.t](op.n, op.o, op.op, op.c);
+      } else if (
+        executePrimary &&
+        op.op &&
+        op.op.readPreference &&
+        primaryOptions.indexOf(op.op.readPreference.mode) !== -1
+      ) {
+        this.s.topology[op.t](op.n, op.o, op.op, op.c);
+      } else if (
+        !executePrimary &&
+        executeSecondary &&
+        op.op &&
+        op.op.readPreference &&
+        secondaryOptions.indexOf(op.op.readPreference.mode) !== -1
+      ) {
+        this.s.topology[op.t](op.n, op.o, op.op, op.c);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+Store.prototype.all = function() {
+  return this.s.storedOps;
+};
+
+// Server capabilities
+var ServerCapabilities = function(ismaster) {
+  var setup_get_property = function(object, name, value) {
+    Object.defineProperty(object, name, {
+      enumerable: true,
+      get: function() {
+        return value;
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Capabilities
+  var aggregationCursor = false;
+  var writeCommands = false;
+  var textSearch = false;
+  var authCommands = false;
+  var listCollections = false;
+  var listIndexes = false;
+  var maxNumberOfDocsInBatch = ismaster.maxWriteBatchSize || 1000;
+  var commandsTakeWriteConcern = false;
+  var commandsTakeCollation = false;
+
+  if (ismaster.minWireVersion >= 0) {
+    textSearch = true;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 1) {
+    aggregationCursor = true;
+    authCommands = true;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 2) {
+    writeCommands = true;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 3) {
+    listCollections = true;
+    listIndexes = true;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.maxWireVersion >= 5) {
+    commandsTakeWriteConcern = true;
+    commandsTakeCollation = true;
+  }
+
+  // If no min or max wire version set to 0
+  if (ismaster.minWireVersion == null) {
+    ismaster.minWireVersion = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (ismaster.maxWireVersion == null) {
+    ismaster.maxWireVersion = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Map up read only parameters
+  setup_get_property(this, 'hasAggregationCursor', aggregationCursor);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'hasWriteCommands', writeCommands);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'hasTextSearch', textSearch);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'hasAuthCommands', authCommands);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'hasListCollectionsCommand', listCollections);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'hasListIndexesCommand', listIndexes);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'minWireVersion', ismaster.minWireVersion);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'maxWireVersion', ismaster.maxWireVersion);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'maxNumberOfDocsInBatch', maxNumberOfDocsInBatch);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'commandsTakeWriteConcern', commandsTakeWriteConcern);
+  setup_get_property(this, 'commandsTakeCollation', commandsTakeCollation);
+};
+
+class TopologyBase extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+    this.setMaxListeners(Infinity);
+  }
+
+  // Sessions related methods
+  hasSessionSupport() {
+    return this.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes != null;
+  }
+
+  startSession(options, clientOptions) {
+    const session = new ClientSession(this, this.s.sessionPool, options, clientOptions);
+
+    session.once('ended', () => {
+      this.s.sessions.delete(session);
+    });
+
+    this.s.sessions.add(session);
+    return session;
+  }
+
+  endSessions(sessions, callback) {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.endSessions(sessions, callback);
+  }
+
+  get clientMetadata() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.s.options.metadata;
+  }
+
+  // Server capabilities
+  capabilities() {
+    if (this.s.sCapabilities) return this.s.sCapabilities;
+    if (this.s.coreTopology.lastIsMaster() == null) return null;
+    this.s.sCapabilities = new ServerCapabilities(this.s.coreTopology.lastIsMaster());
+    return this.s.sCapabilities;
+  }
+
+  // Command
+  command(ns, cmd, options, callback) {
+    this.s.coreTopology.command(ns.toString(), cmd, ReadPreference.translate(options), callback);
+  }
+
+  // Insert
+  insert(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    this.s.coreTopology.insert(ns.toString(), ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Update
+  update(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    this.s.coreTopology.update(ns.toString(), ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Remove
+  remove(ns, ops, options, callback) {
+    this.s.coreTopology.remove(ns.toString(), ops, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // IsConnected
+  isConnected(options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    options = ReadPreference.translate(options);
+
+    return this.s.coreTopology.isConnected(options);
+  }
+
+  // IsDestroyed
+  isDestroyed() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.isDestroyed();
+  }
+
+  // Cursor
+  cursor(ns, cmd, options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    options = ReadPreference.translate(options);
+    options.disconnectHandler = this.s.store;
+    options.topology = this;
+
+    return this.s.coreTopology.cursor(ns, cmd, options);
+  }
+
+  lastIsMaster() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.lastIsMaster();
+  }
+
+  selectServer(selector, options, callback) {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.selectServer(selector, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unref all sockets
+   * @method
+   */
+  unref() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.unref();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * All raw connections
+   * @method
+   * @return {array}
+   */
+  connections() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.connections();
+  }
+
+  close(forceClosed, callback) {
+    // If we have sessions, we want to individually move them to the session pool,
+    // and then send a single endSessions call.
+    this.s.sessions.forEach(session => session.endSession());
+
+    if (this.s.sessionPool) {
+      this.s.sessionPool.endAllPooledSessions();
+    }
+
+    // We need to wash out all stored processes
+    if (forceClosed === true) {
+      this.s.storeOptions.force = forceClosed;
+      this.s.store.flush();
+    }
+
+    this.s.coreTopology.destroy(
+      {
+        force: typeof forceClosed === 'boolean' ? forceClosed : false
+      },
+      callback
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// Properties
+Object.defineProperty(TopologyBase.prototype, 'bson', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.s.bson;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(TopologyBase.prototype, 'parserType', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.parserType;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(TopologyBase.prototype, 'logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes;
+  }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(TopologyBase.prototype, 'type', {
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this.s.coreTopology.type;
+  }
+});
+
+exports.Store = Store;
+exports.ServerCapabilities = ServerCapabilities;
+exports.TopologyBase = TopologyBase;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/url_parser.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/url_parser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f17a1cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/url_parser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ReadPreference = require('./core').ReadPreference;
+const parser = require('url');
+const f = require('util').format;
+const Logger = require('./core').Logger;
+const dns = require('dns');
+const ReadConcern = require('./read_concern');
+const qs = require('querystring');
+const MongoParseError = require('./core/error').MongoParseError;
+
+module.exports = function(url, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') (callback = options), (options = {});
+  options = options || {};
+
+  let result;
+  try {
+    result = parser.parse(url, true);
+  } catch (e) {
+    return callback(new Error('URL malformed, cannot be parsed'));
+  }
+
+  if (result.protocol !== 'mongodb:' && result.protocol !== 'mongodb+srv:') {
+    return callback(new Error('Invalid schema, expected `mongodb` or `mongodb+srv`'));
+  }
+
+  if (result.protocol === 'mongodb:') {
+    return parseHandler(url, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise parse this as an SRV record
+  if (result.hostname.split('.').length < 3) {
+    return callback(new Error('URI does not have hostname, domain name and tld'));
+  }
+
+  result.domainLength = result.hostname.split('.').length;
+
+  if (result.pathname && result.pathname.match(',')) {
+    return callback(new Error('Invalid URI, cannot contain multiple hostnames'));
+  }
+
+  if (result.port) {
+    return callback(new Error('Ports not accepted with `mongodb+srv` URIs'));
+  }
+
+  let srvAddress = `_mongodb._tcp.${result.host}`;
+  dns.resolveSrv(srvAddress, function(err, addresses) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    if (addresses.length === 0) {
+      return callback(new Error('No addresses found at host'));
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < addresses.length; i++) {
+      if (!matchesParentDomain(addresses[i].name, result.hostname, result.domainLength)) {
+        return callback(new Error('Server record does not share hostname with parent URI'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    let base = result.auth ? `mongodb://${result.auth}@` : `mongodb://`;
+    let connectionStrings = addresses.map(function(address, i) {
+      if (i === 0) return `${base}${address.name}:${address.port}`;
+      else return `${address.name}:${address.port}`;
+    });
+
+    let connectionString = connectionStrings.join(',') + '/';
+    let connectionStringOptions = [];
+
+    // Add the default database if needed
+    if (result.path) {
+      let defaultDb = result.path.slice(1);
+      if (defaultDb.indexOf('?') !== -1) {
+        defaultDb = defaultDb.slice(0, defaultDb.indexOf('?'));
+      }
+
+      connectionString += defaultDb;
+    }
+
+    // Default to SSL true
+    if (!options.ssl && !result.search) {
+      connectionStringOptions.push('ssl=true');
+    } else if (!options.ssl && result.search && !result.search.match('ssl')) {
+      connectionStringOptions.push('ssl=true');
+    }
+
+    // Keep original uri options
+    if (result.search) {
+      connectionStringOptions.push(result.search.replace('?', ''));
+    }
+
+    dns.resolveTxt(result.host, function(err, record) {
+      if (err && err.code !== 'ENODATA' && err.code !== 'ENOTFOUND') return callback(err);
+      if (err && err.code === 'ENODATA') record = null;
+
+      if (record) {
+        if (record.length > 1) {
+          return callback(new MongoParseError('Multiple text records not allowed'));
+        }
+
+        record = record[0].join('');
+        const parsedRecord = qs.parse(record);
+        const items = Object.keys(parsedRecord);
+        if (items.some(item => item !== 'authSource' && item !== 'replicaSet')) {
+          return callback(
+            new MongoParseError('Text record must only set `authSource` or `replicaSet`')
+          );
+        }
+
+        if (items.length > 0) {
+          connectionStringOptions.push(record);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add any options to the connection string
+      if (connectionStringOptions.length) {
+        connectionString += `?${connectionStringOptions.join('&')}`;
+      }
+
+      parseHandler(connectionString, options, callback);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+function matchesParentDomain(srvAddress, parentDomain) {
+  let regex = /^.*?\./;
+  let srv = `.${srvAddress.replace(regex, '')}`;
+  let parent = `.${parentDomain.replace(regex, '')}`;
+  if (srv.endsWith(parent)) return true;
+  else return false;
+}
+
+function parseHandler(address, options, callback) {
+  let result, err;
+  try {
+    result = parseConnectionString(address, options);
+  } catch (e) {
+    err = e;
+  }
+
+  return err ? callback(err, null) : callback(null, result);
+}
+
+function parseConnectionString(url, options) {
+  // Variables
+  let connection_part = '';
+  let auth_part = '';
+  let query_string_part = '';
+  let dbName = 'admin';
+
+  // Url parser result
+  let result = parser.parse(url, true);
+  if ((result.hostname == null || result.hostname === '') && url.indexOf('.sock') === -1) {
+    throw new Error('No hostname or hostnames provided in connection string');
+  }
+
+  if (result.port === '0') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid port (zero) with hostname');
+  }
+
+  if (!isNaN(parseInt(result.port, 10)) && parseInt(result.port, 10) > 65535) {
+    throw new Error('Invalid port (larger than 65535) with hostname');
+  }
+
+  if (
+    result.path &&
+    result.path.length > 0 &&
+    result.path[0] !== '/' &&
+    url.indexOf('.sock') === -1
+  ) {
+    throw new Error('Missing delimiting slash between hosts and options');
+  }
+
+  if (result.query) {
+    for (let name in result.query) {
+      if (name.indexOf('::') !== -1) {
+        throw new Error('Double colon in host identifier');
+      }
+
+      if (result.query[name] === '') {
+        throw new Error('Query parameter ' + name + ' is an incomplete value pair');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (result.auth) {
+    let parts = result.auth.split(':');
+    if (url.indexOf(result.auth) !== -1 && parts.length > 2) {
+      throw new Error('Username with password containing an unescaped colon');
+    }
+
+    if (url.indexOf(result.auth) !== -1 && result.auth.indexOf('@') !== -1) {
+      throw new Error('Username containing an unescaped at-sign');
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove query
+  let clean = url.split('?').shift();
+
+  // Extract the list of hosts
+  let strings = clean.split(',');
+  let hosts = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
+    let hostString = strings[i];
+
+    if (hostString.indexOf('mongodb') !== -1) {
+      if (hostString.indexOf('@') !== -1) {
+        hosts.push(hostString.split('@').pop());
+      } else {
+        hosts.push(hostString.substr('mongodb://'.length));
+      }
+    } else if (hostString.indexOf('/') !== -1) {
+      hosts.push(hostString.split('/').shift());
+    } else if (hostString.indexOf('/') === -1) {
+      hosts.push(hostString.trim());
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < hosts.length; i++) {
+    let r = parser.parse(f('mongodb://%s', hosts[i].trim()));
+    if (r.path && r.path.indexOf('.sock') !== -1) continue;
+    if (r.path && r.path.indexOf(':') !== -1) {
+      // Not connecting to a socket so check for an extra slash in the hostname.
+      // Using String#split as perf is better than match.
+      if (r.path.split('/').length > 1 && r.path.indexOf('::') === -1) {
+        throw new Error('Slash in host identifier');
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Double colon in host identifier');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we have a ? mark cut the query elements off
+  if (url.indexOf('?') !== -1) {
+    query_string_part = url.substr(url.indexOf('?') + 1);
+    connection_part = url.substring('mongodb://'.length, url.indexOf('?'));
+  } else {
+    connection_part = url.substring('mongodb://'.length);
+  }
+
+  // Check if we have auth params
+  if (connection_part.indexOf('@') !== -1) {
+    auth_part = connection_part.split('@')[0];
+    connection_part = connection_part.split('@')[1];
+  }
+
+  // Check there is not more than one unescaped slash
+  if (connection_part.split('/').length > 2) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "Unsupported host '" +
+        connection_part.split('?')[0] +
+        "', hosts must be URL encoded and contain at most one unencoded slash"
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Check if the connection string has a db
+  if (connection_part.indexOf('.sock') !== -1) {
+    if (connection_part.indexOf('.sock/') !== -1) {
+      dbName = connection_part.split('.sock/')[1];
+      // Check if multiple database names provided, or just an illegal trailing backslash
+      if (dbName.indexOf('/') !== -1) {
+        if (dbName.split('/').length === 2 && dbName.split('/')[1].length === 0) {
+          throw new Error('Illegal trailing backslash after database name');
+        }
+        throw new Error('More than 1 database name in URL');
+      }
+      connection_part = connection_part.split(
+        '/',
+        connection_part.indexOf('.sock') + '.sock'.length
+      );
+    }
+  } else if (connection_part.indexOf('/') !== -1) {
+    // Check if multiple database names provided, or just an illegal trailing backslash
+    if (connection_part.split('/').length > 2) {
+      if (connection_part.split('/')[2].length === 0) {
+        throw new Error('Illegal trailing backslash after database name');
+      }
+      throw new Error('More than 1 database name in URL');
+    }
+    dbName = connection_part.split('/')[1];
+    connection_part = connection_part.split('/')[0];
+  }
+
+  // URI decode the host information
+  connection_part = decodeURIComponent(connection_part);
+
+  // Result object
+  let object = {};
+
+  // Pick apart the authentication part of the string
+  let authPart = auth_part || '';
+  let auth = authPart.split(':', 2);
+
+  // Decode the authentication URI components and verify integrity
+  let user = decodeURIComponent(auth[0]);
+  if (auth[0] !== encodeURIComponent(user)) {
+    throw new Error('Username contains an illegal unescaped character');
+  }
+  auth[0] = user;
+
+  if (auth[1]) {
+    let pass = decodeURIComponent(auth[1]);
+    if (auth[1] !== encodeURIComponent(pass)) {
+      throw new Error('Password contains an illegal unescaped character');
+    }
+    auth[1] = pass;
+  }
+
+  // Add auth to final object if we have 2 elements
+  if (auth.length === 2) object.auth = { user: auth[0], password: auth[1] };
+  // if user provided auth options, use that
+  if (options && options.auth != null) object.auth = options.auth;
+
+  // Variables used for temporary storage
+  let hostPart;
+  let urlOptions;
+  let servers;
+  let compression;
+  let serverOptions = { socketOptions: {} };
+  let dbOptions = { read_preference_tags: [] };
+  let replSetServersOptions = { socketOptions: {} };
+  let mongosOptions = { socketOptions: {} };
+  // Add server options to final object
+  object.server_options = serverOptions;
+  object.db_options = dbOptions;
+  object.rs_options = replSetServersOptions;
+  object.mongos_options = mongosOptions;
+
+  // Let's check if we are using a domain socket
+  if (url.match(/\.sock/)) {
+    // Split out the socket part
+    let domainSocket = url.substring(
+      url.indexOf('mongodb://') + 'mongodb://'.length,
+      url.lastIndexOf('.sock') + '.sock'.length
+    );
+    // Clean out any auth stuff if any
+    if (domainSocket.indexOf('@') !== -1) domainSocket = domainSocket.split('@')[1];
+    domainSocket = decodeURIComponent(domainSocket);
+    servers = [{ domain_socket: domainSocket }];
+  } else {
+    // Split up the db
+    hostPart = connection_part;
+    // Deduplicate servers
+    let deduplicatedServers = {};
+
+    // Parse all server results
+    servers = hostPart
+      .split(',')
+      .map(function(h) {
+        let _host, _port, ipv6match;
+        //check if it matches [IPv6]:port, where the port number is optional
+        if ((ipv6match = /\[([^\]]+)\](?::(.+))?/.exec(h))) {
+          _host = ipv6match[1];
+          _port = parseInt(ipv6match[2], 10) || 27017;
+        } else {
+          //otherwise assume it's IPv4, or plain hostname
+          let hostPort = h.split(':', 2);
+          _host = hostPort[0] || 'localhost';
+          _port = hostPort[1] != null ? parseInt(hostPort[1], 10) : 27017;
+          // Check for localhost?safe=true style case
+          if (_host.indexOf('?') !== -1) _host = _host.split(/\?/)[0];
+        }
+
+        // No entry returned for duplicate server
+        if (deduplicatedServers[_host + '_' + _port]) return null;
+        deduplicatedServers[_host + '_' + _port] = 1;
+
+        // Return the mapped object
+        return { host: _host, port: _port };
+      })
+      .filter(function(x) {
+        return x != null;
+      });
+  }
+
+  // Get the db name
+  object.dbName = dbName || 'admin';
+  // Split up all the options
+  urlOptions = (query_string_part || '').split(/[&;]/);
+  // Ugh, we have to figure out which options go to which constructor manually.
+  urlOptions.forEach(function(opt) {
+    if (!opt) return;
+    var splitOpt = opt.split('='),
+      name = splitOpt[0],
+      value = splitOpt[1];
+
+    // Options implementations
+    switch (name) {
+      case 'slaveOk':
+      case 'slave_ok':
+        serverOptions.slave_ok = value === 'true';
+        dbOptions.slaveOk = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'maxPoolSize':
+      case 'poolSize':
+        serverOptions.poolSize = parseInt(value, 10);
+        replSetServersOptions.poolSize = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'appname':
+        object.appname = decodeURIComponent(value);
+        break;
+      case 'autoReconnect':
+      case 'auto_reconnect':
+        serverOptions.auto_reconnect = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'ssl':
+        if (value === 'prefer') {
+          serverOptions.ssl = value;
+          replSetServersOptions.ssl = value;
+          mongosOptions.ssl = value;
+          break;
+        }
+        serverOptions.ssl = value === 'true';
+        replSetServersOptions.ssl = value === 'true';
+        mongosOptions.ssl = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'sslValidate':
+        serverOptions.sslValidate = value === 'true';
+        replSetServersOptions.sslValidate = value === 'true';
+        mongosOptions.sslValidate = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'replicaSet':
+      case 'rs_name':
+        replSetServersOptions.rs_name = value;
+        break;
+      case 'reconnectWait':
+        replSetServersOptions.reconnectWait = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'retries':
+        replSetServersOptions.retries = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'readSecondary':
+      case 'read_secondary':
+        replSetServersOptions.read_secondary = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'fsync':
+        dbOptions.fsync = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'journal':
+        dbOptions.j = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'safe':
+        dbOptions.safe = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'nativeParser':
+      case 'native_parser':
+        dbOptions.native_parser = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'readConcernLevel':
+        dbOptions.readConcern = new ReadConcern(value);
+        break;
+      case 'connectTimeoutMS':
+        serverOptions.socketOptions.connectTimeoutMS = parseInt(value, 10);
+        replSetServersOptions.socketOptions.connectTimeoutMS = parseInt(value, 10);
+        mongosOptions.socketOptions.connectTimeoutMS = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'socketTimeoutMS':
+        serverOptions.socketOptions.socketTimeoutMS = parseInt(value, 10);
+        replSetServersOptions.socketOptions.socketTimeoutMS = parseInt(value, 10);
+        mongosOptions.socketOptions.socketTimeoutMS = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'w':
+        dbOptions.w = parseInt(value, 10);
+        if (isNaN(dbOptions.w)) dbOptions.w = value;
+        break;
+      case 'authSource':
+        dbOptions.authSource = value;
+        break;
+      case 'gssapiServiceName':
+        dbOptions.gssapiServiceName = value;
+        break;
+      case 'authMechanism':
+        if (value === 'GSSAPI') {
+          // If no password provided decode only the principal
+          if (object.auth == null) {
+            let urlDecodeAuthPart = decodeURIComponent(authPart);
+            if (urlDecodeAuthPart.indexOf('@') === -1)
+              throw new Error('GSSAPI requires a provided principal');
+            object.auth = { user: urlDecodeAuthPart, password: null };
+          } else {
+            object.auth.user = decodeURIComponent(object.auth.user);
+          }
+        } else if (value === 'MONGODB-X509') {
+          object.auth = { user: decodeURIComponent(authPart) };
+        }
+
+        // Only support GSSAPI or MONGODB-CR for now
+        if (
+          value !== 'GSSAPI' &&
+          value !== 'MONGODB-X509' &&
+          value !== 'MONGODB-CR' &&
+          value !== 'DEFAULT' &&
+          value !== 'SCRAM-SHA-1' &&
+          value !== 'SCRAM-SHA-256' &&
+          value !== 'PLAIN'
+        )
+          throw new Error(
+            'Only DEFAULT, GSSAPI, PLAIN, MONGODB-X509, or SCRAM-SHA-1 is supported by authMechanism'
+          );
+
+        // Authentication mechanism
+        dbOptions.authMechanism = value;
+        break;
+      case 'authMechanismProperties':
+        {
+          // Split up into key, value pairs
+          let values = value.split(',');
+          let o = {};
+          // For each value split into key, value
+          values.forEach(function(x) {
+            let v = x.split(':');
+            o[v[0]] = v[1];
+          });
+
+          // Set all authMechanismProperties
+          dbOptions.authMechanismProperties = o;
+          // Set the service name value
+          if (typeof o.SERVICE_NAME === 'string') dbOptions.gssapiServiceName = o.SERVICE_NAME;
+          if (typeof o.SERVICE_REALM === 'string') dbOptions.gssapiServiceRealm = o.SERVICE_REALM;
+          if (typeof o.CANONICALIZE_HOST_NAME === 'string')
+            dbOptions.gssapiCanonicalizeHostName =
+              o.CANONICALIZE_HOST_NAME === 'true' ? true : false;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'wtimeoutMS':
+        dbOptions.wtimeout = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'readPreference':
+        if (!ReadPreference.isValid(value))
+          throw new Error(
+            'readPreference must be either primary/primaryPreferred/secondary/secondaryPreferred/nearest'
+          );
+        dbOptions.readPreference = value;
+        break;
+      case 'maxStalenessSeconds':
+        dbOptions.maxStalenessSeconds = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      case 'readPreferenceTags':
+        {
+          // Decode the value
+          value = decodeURIComponent(value);
+          // Contains the tag object
+          let tagObject = {};
+          if (value == null || value === '') {
+            dbOptions.read_preference_tags.push(tagObject);
+            break;
+          }
+
+          // Split up the tags
+          let tags = value.split(/,/);
+          for (let i = 0; i < tags.length; i++) {
+            let parts = tags[i].trim().split(/:/);
+            tagObject[parts[0]] = parts[1];
+          }
+
+          // Set the preferences tags
+          dbOptions.read_preference_tags.push(tagObject);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'compressors':
+        {
+          compression = serverOptions.compression || {};
+          let compressors = value.split(',');
+          if (
+            !compressors.every(function(compressor) {
+              return compressor === 'snappy' || compressor === 'zlib';
+            })
+          ) {
+            throw new Error('Compressors must be at least one of snappy or zlib');
+          }
+
+          compression.compressors = compressors;
+          serverOptions.compression = compression;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'zlibCompressionLevel':
+        {
+          compression = serverOptions.compression || {};
+          let zlibCompressionLevel = parseInt(value, 10);
+          if (zlibCompressionLevel < -1 || zlibCompressionLevel > 9) {
+            throw new Error('zlibCompressionLevel must be an integer between -1 and 9');
+          }
+
+          compression.zlibCompressionLevel = zlibCompressionLevel;
+          serverOptions.compression = compression;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'retryWrites':
+        dbOptions.retryWrites = value === 'true';
+        break;
+      case 'minSize':
+        dbOptions.minSize = parseInt(value, 10);
+        break;
+      default:
+        {
+          let logger = Logger('URL Parser');
+          logger.warn(`${name} is not supported as a connection string option`);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  });
+
+  // No tags: should be null (not [])
+  if (dbOptions.read_preference_tags.length === 0) {
+    dbOptions.read_preference_tags = null;
+  }
+
+  // Validate if there are an invalid write concern combinations
+  if (
+    (dbOptions.w === -1 || dbOptions.w === 0) &&
+    (dbOptions.journal === true || dbOptions.fsync === true || dbOptions.safe === true)
+  )
+    throw new Error('w set to -1 or 0 cannot be combined with safe/w/journal/fsync');
+
+  // If no read preference set it to primary
+  if (!dbOptions.readPreference) {
+    dbOptions.readPreference = 'primary';
+  }
+
+  // make sure that user-provided options are applied with priority
+  dbOptions = Object.assign(dbOptions, options);
+
+  // Add servers to result
+  object.servers = servers;
+
+  // Returned parsed object
+  return object;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0d8776dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+'use strict';
+const MongoError = require('./core/error').MongoError;
+const WriteConcern = require('./write_concern');
+
+var shallowClone = function(obj) {
+  var copy = {};
+  for (var name in obj) copy[name] = obj[name];
+  return copy;
+};
+
+// Set simple property
+var getSingleProperty = function(obj, name, value) {
+  Object.defineProperty(obj, name, {
+    enumerable: true,
+    get: function() {
+      return value;
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+var formatSortValue = (exports.formatSortValue = function(sortDirection) {
+  var value = ('' + sortDirection).toLowerCase();
+
+  switch (value) {
+    case 'ascending':
+    case 'asc':
+    case '1':
+      return 1;
+    case 'descending':
+    case 'desc':
+    case '-1':
+      return -1;
+    default:
+      throw new Error(
+        'Illegal sort clause, must be of the form ' +
+          "[['field1', '(ascending|descending)'], " +
+          "['field2', '(ascending|descending)']]"
+      );
+  }
+});
+
+var formattedOrderClause = (exports.formattedOrderClause = function(sortValue) {
+  var orderBy = new Map();
+  if (sortValue == null) return null;
+  if (Array.isArray(sortValue)) {
+    if (sortValue.length === 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < sortValue.length; i++) {
+      if (sortValue[i].constructor === String) {
+        orderBy.set(`${sortValue[i]}`, 1);
+      } else {
+        orderBy.set(`${sortValue[i][0]}`, formatSortValue(sortValue[i][1]));
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (sortValue != null && typeof sortValue === 'object') {
+    if (sortValue instanceof Map) {
+      orderBy = sortValue;
+    } else {
+      var sortKeys = Object.keys(sortValue);
+      for (var k of sortKeys) {
+        orderBy.set(k, sortValue[k]);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (typeof sortValue === 'string') {
+    orderBy.set(`${sortValue}`, 1);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Illegal sort clause, must be of the form ' +
+        "[['field1', '(ascending|descending)'], ['field2', '(ascending|descending)']]"
+    );
+  }
+
+  return orderBy;
+});
+
+var checkCollectionName = function checkCollectionName(collectionName) {
+  if ('string' !== typeof collectionName) {
+    throw new MongoError('collection name must be a String');
+  }
+
+  if (!collectionName || collectionName.indexOf('..') !== -1) {
+    throw new MongoError('collection names cannot be empty');
+  }
+
+  if (
+    collectionName.indexOf('$') !== -1 &&
+    collectionName.match(/((^\$cmd)|(oplog\.\$main))/) == null
+  ) {
+    throw new MongoError("collection names must not contain '$'");
+  }
+
+  if (collectionName.match(/^\.|\.$/) != null) {
+    throw new MongoError("collection names must not start or end with '.'");
+  }
+
+  // Validate that we are not passing 0x00 in the collection name
+  if (collectionName.indexOf('\x00') !== -1) {
+    throw new MongoError('collection names cannot contain a null character');
+  }
+};
+
+var handleCallback = function(callback, err, value1, value2) {
+  try {
+    if (callback == null) return;
+
+    if (callback) {
+      return value2 ? callback(err, value1, value2) : callback(err, value1);
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      throw err;
+    });
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrap a Mongo error document in an Error instance
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+var toError = function(error) {
+  if (error instanceof Error) return error;
+
+  var msg = error.err || error.errmsg || error.errMessage || error;
+  var e = MongoError.create({ message: msg, driver: true });
+
+  // Get all object keys
+  var keys = typeof error === 'object' ? Object.keys(error) : [];
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    try {
+      e[keys[i]] = error[keys[i]];
+    } catch (err) {
+      // continue
+    }
+  }
+
+  return e;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var normalizeHintField = function normalizeHintField(hint) {
+  var finalHint = null;
+
+  if (typeof hint === 'string') {
+    finalHint = hint;
+  } else if (Array.isArray(hint)) {
+    finalHint = {};
+
+    hint.forEach(function(param) {
+      finalHint[param] = 1;
+    });
+  } else if (hint != null && typeof hint === 'object') {
+    finalHint = {};
+    for (var name in hint) {
+      finalHint[name] = hint[name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return finalHint;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create index name based on field spec
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+var parseIndexOptions = function(fieldOrSpec) {
+  var fieldHash = {};
+  var indexes = [];
+  var keys;
+
+  // Get all the fields accordingly
+  if ('string' === typeof fieldOrSpec) {
+    // 'type'
+    indexes.push(fieldOrSpec + '_' + 1);
+    fieldHash[fieldOrSpec] = 1;
+  } else if (Array.isArray(fieldOrSpec)) {
+    fieldOrSpec.forEach(function(f) {
+      if ('string' === typeof f) {
+        // [{location:'2d'}, 'type']
+        indexes.push(f + '_' + 1);
+        fieldHash[f] = 1;
+      } else if (Array.isArray(f)) {
+        // [['location', '2d'],['type', 1]]
+        indexes.push(f[0] + '_' + (f[1] || 1));
+        fieldHash[f[0]] = f[1] || 1;
+      } else if (isObject(f)) {
+        // [{location:'2d'}, {type:1}]
+        keys = Object.keys(f);
+        keys.forEach(function(k) {
+          indexes.push(k + '_' + f[k]);
+          fieldHash[k] = f[k];
+        });
+      } else {
+        // undefined (ignore)
+      }
+    });
+  } else if (isObject(fieldOrSpec)) {
+    // {location:'2d', type:1}
+    keys = Object.keys(fieldOrSpec);
+    keys.forEach(function(key) {
+      indexes.push(key + '_' + fieldOrSpec[key]);
+      fieldHash[key] = fieldOrSpec[key];
+    });
+  }
+
+  return {
+    name: indexes.join('_'),
+    keys: keys,
+    fieldHash: fieldHash
+  };
+};
+
+var isObject = (exports.isObject = function(arg) {
+  return '[object Object]' === Object.prototype.toString.call(arg);
+});
+
+var debugOptions = function(debugFields, options) {
+  var finaloptions = {};
+  debugFields.forEach(function(n) {
+    finaloptions[n] = options[n];
+  });
+
+  return finaloptions;
+};
+
+var decorateCommand = function(command, options, exclude) {
+  for (var name in options) {
+    if (exclude.indexOf(name) === -1) command[name] = options[name];
+  }
+
+  return command;
+};
+
+var mergeOptions = function(target, source) {
+  for (var name in source) {
+    target[name] = source[name];
+  }
+
+  return target;
+};
+
+// Merge options with translation
+var translateOptions = function(target, source) {
+  var translations = {
+    // SSL translation options
+    sslCA: 'ca',
+    sslCRL: 'crl',
+    sslValidate: 'rejectUnauthorized',
+    sslKey: 'key',
+    sslCert: 'cert',
+    sslPass: 'passphrase',
+    // SocketTimeout translation options
+    socketTimeoutMS: 'socketTimeout',
+    connectTimeoutMS: 'connectionTimeout',
+    // Replicaset options
+    replicaSet: 'setName',
+    rs_name: 'setName',
+    secondaryAcceptableLatencyMS: 'acceptableLatency',
+    connectWithNoPrimary: 'secondaryOnlyConnectionAllowed',
+    // Mongos options
+    acceptableLatencyMS: 'localThresholdMS'
+  };
+
+  for (var name in source) {
+    if (translations[name]) {
+      target[translations[name]] = source[name];
+    } else {
+      target[name] = source[name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return target;
+};
+
+var filterOptions = function(options, names) {
+  var filterOptions = {};
+
+  for (var name in options) {
+    if (names.indexOf(name) !== -1) filterOptions[name] = options[name];
+  }
+
+  // Filtered options
+  return filterOptions;
+};
+
+// Write concern keys
+const WRITE_CONCERN_KEYS = ['w', 'j', 'wtimeout', 'fsync', 'writeConcern'];
+
+/**
+ * If there is no WriteConcern related options defined on target then inherit from source.
+ * Otherwise, do not inherit **any** options from source.
+ * @internal
+ * @param {object} target - options object conditionally receiving the writeConcern options
+ * @param {object} source - options object containing the potentially inherited writeConcern options
+ */
+function conditionallyMergeWriteConcern(target, source) {
+  let found = false;
+  for (const wcKey of WRITE_CONCERN_KEYS) {
+    if (wcKey in target) {
+      // Found a writeConcern option
+      found = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!found) {
+    for (const wcKey of WRITE_CONCERN_KEYS) {
+      if (source[wcKey]) {
+        if (!('writeConcern' in target)) {
+          target.writeConcern = {};
+        }
+        target.writeConcern[wcKey] = source[wcKey];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes the given operation with provided arguments.
+ *
+ * This method reduces large amounts of duplication in the entire codebase by providing
+ * a single point for determining whether callbacks or promises should be used. Additionally
+ * it allows for a single point of entry to provide features such as implicit sessions, which
+ * are required by the Driver Sessions specification in the event that a ClientSession is
+ * not provided
+ *
+ * @param {object} topology The topology to execute this operation on
+ * @param {function} operation The operation to execute
+ * @param {array} args Arguments to apply the provided operation
+ * @param {object} [options] Options that modify the behavior of the method
+ */
+const executeLegacyOperation = (topology, operation, args, options) => {
+  if (topology == null) {
+    throw new TypeError('This method requires a valid topology instance');
+  }
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(args)) {
+    throw new TypeError('This method requires an array of arguments to apply');
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const Promise = topology.s.promiseLibrary;
+  let callback = args[args.length - 1];
+
+  // The driver sessions spec mandates that we implicitly create sessions for operations
+  // that are not explicitly provided with a session.
+  let session, opOptions, owner;
+  if (!options.skipSessions && topology.hasSessionSupport()) {
+    opOptions = args[args.length - 2];
+    if (opOptions == null || opOptions.session == null) {
+      owner = Symbol();
+      session = topology.startSession({ owner });
+      const optionsIndex = args.length - 2;
+      args[optionsIndex] = Object.assign({}, args[optionsIndex], { session: session });
+    } else if (opOptions.session && opOptions.session.hasEnded) {
+      throw new MongoError('Use of expired sessions is not permitted');
+    }
+  }
+
+  const makeExecuteCallback = (resolve, reject) =>
+    function executeCallback(err, result) {
+      if (session && session.owner === owner && !options.returnsCursor) {
+        session.endSession(() => {
+          delete opOptions.session;
+          if (err) return reject(err);
+          resolve(result);
+        });
+      } else {
+        if (err) return reject(err);
+        resolve(result);
+      }
+    };
+
+  // Execute using callback
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    callback = args.pop();
+    const handler = makeExecuteCallback(
+      result => callback(null, result),
+      err => callback(err, null)
+    );
+    args.push(handler);
+
+    try {
+      return operation.apply(null, args);
+    } catch (e) {
+      handler(e);
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Return a Promise
+  if (args[args.length - 1] != null) {
+    throw new TypeError('final argument to `executeLegacyOperation` must be a callback');
+  }
+
+  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+    const handler = makeExecuteCallback(resolve, reject);
+    args[args.length - 1] = handler;
+
+    try {
+      return operation.apply(null, args);
+    } catch (e) {
+      handler(e);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies retryWrites: true to a command if retryWrites is set on the command's database.
+ *
+ * @param {object} target The target command to which we will apply retryWrites.
+ * @param {object} db The database from which we can inherit a retryWrites value.
+ */
+function applyRetryableWrites(target, db) {
+  if (db && db.s.options.retryWrites) {
+    target.retryWrites = true;
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies a write concern to a command based on well defined inheritance rules, optionally
+ * detecting support for the write concern in the first place.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} target the target command we will be applying the write concern to
+ * @param {Object} sources sources where we can inherit default write concerns from
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional settings passed into a command for write concern overrides
+ * @returns {Object} the (now) decorated target
+ */
+function applyWriteConcern(target, sources, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const db = sources.db;
+  const coll = sources.collection;
+
+  if (options.session && options.session.inTransaction()) {
+    // writeConcern is not allowed within a multi-statement transaction
+    if (target.writeConcern) {
+      delete target.writeConcern;
+    }
+
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  const writeConcern = WriteConcern.fromOptions(options);
+  if (writeConcern) {
+    return Object.assign(target, { writeConcern });
+  }
+
+  if (coll && coll.writeConcern) {
+    return Object.assign(target, { writeConcern: Object.assign({}, coll.writeConcern) });
+  }
+
+  if (db && db.writeConcern) {
+    return Object.assign(target, { writeConcern: Object.assign({}, db.writeConcern) });
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a given value is a Promise
+ *
+ * @param {*} maybePromise
+ * @return true if the provided value is a Promise
+ */
+function isPromiseLike(maybePromise) {
+  return maybePromise && typeof maybePromise.then === 'function';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies collation to a given command.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [command] the command on which to apply collation
+ * @param {(Cursor|Collection)} [target] target of command
+ * @param {object} [options] options containing collation settings
+ */
+function decorateWithCollation(command, target, options) {
+  const topology = (target.s && target.s.topology) || target.topology;
+
+  if (!topology) {
+    throw new TypeError('parameter "target" is missing a topology');
+  }
+
+  const capabilities = topology.capabilities();
+  if (options.collation && typeof options.collation === 'object') {
+    if (capabilities && capabilities.commandsTakeCollation) {
+      command.collation = options.collation;
+    } else {
+      throw new MongoError(`Current topology does not support collation`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies a read concern to a given command.
+ *
+ * @param {object} command the command on which to apply the read concern
+ * @param {Collection} coll the parent collection of the operation calling this method
+ */
+function decorateWithReadConcern(command, coll, options) {
+  if (options && options.session && options.session.inTransaction()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  let readConcern = Object.assign({}, command.readConcern || {});
+  if (coll.s.readConcern) {
+    Object.assign(readConcern, coll.s.readConcern);
+  }
+
+  if (Object.keys(readConcern).length > 0) {
+    Object.assign(command, { readConcern: readConcern });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies an explain to a given command.
+ * @internal
+ *
+ * @param {object} command - the command on which to apply the explain
+ * @param {Explain} explain - the options containing the explain verbosity
+ * @return the new command
+ */
+function decorateWithExplain(command, explain) {
+  if (command.explain) {
+    return command;
+  }
+
+  return { explain: command, verbosity: explain.verbosity };
+}
+
+const nodejsMajorVersion = +process.version.split('.')[0].substring(1);
+const emitProcessWarning = msg =>
+  nodejsMajorVersion <= 6
+    ? process.emitWarning(msg, 'DeprecationWarning', MONGODB_WARNING_CODE)
+    : process.emitWarning(msg, { type: 'DeprecationWarning', code: MONGODB_WARNING_CODE });
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+const emitConsoleWarning = msg => console.error(msg);
+const emitDeprecationWarning = process.emitWarning ? emitProcessWarning : emitConsoleWarning;
+
+/**
+ * Default message handler for generating deprecation warnings.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name function name
+ * @param {string} option option name
+ * @return {string} warning message
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+function defaultMsgHandler(name, option) {
+  return `${name} option [${option}] is deprecated and will be removed in a later version.`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deprecates a given function's options.
+ *
+ * @param {object} config configuration for deprecation
+ * @param {string} config.name function name
+ * @param {Array} config.deprecatedOptions options to deprecate
+ * @param {number} config.optionsIndex index of options object in function arguments array
+ * @param {function} [config.msgHandler] optional custom message handler to generate warnings
+ * @param {function} fn the target function of deprecation
+ * @return {function} modified function that warns once per deprecated option, and executes original function
+ * @ignore
+ * @api private
+ */
+function deprecateOptions(config, fn) {
+  if (process.noDeprecation === true) {
+    return fn;
+  }
+
+  const msgHandler = config.msgHandler ? config.msgHandler : defaultMsgHandler;
+
+  const optionsWarned = new Set();
+  function deprecated() {
+    const options = arguments[config.optionsIndex];
+
+    // ensure options is a valid, non-empty object, otherwise short-circuit
+    if (!isObject(options) || Object.keys(options).length === 0) {
+      return fn.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+    config.deprecatedOptions.forEach(deprecatedOption => {
+      if (
+        Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, deprecatedOption) &&
+        !optionsWarned.has(deprecatedOption)
+      ) {
+        optionsWarned.add(deprecatedOption);
+        const msg = msgHandler(config.name, deprecatedOption);
+        emitDeprecationWarning(msg);
+        if (this && this.getLogger) {
+          const logger = this.getLogger();
+          if (logger) {
+            logger.warn(msg);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    return fn.apply(this, arguments);
+  }
+
+  // These lines copied from https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/25e5ae41688676a5fd29b2e2e7602168eee4ceb5/lib/internal/util.js#L73-L80
+  // The wrapper will keep the same prototype as fn to maintain prototype chain
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(deprecated, fn);
+  if (fn.prototype) {
+    // Setting this (rather than using Object.setPrototype, as above) ensures
+    // that calling the unwrapped constructor gives an instanceof the wrapped
+    // constructor.
+    deprecated.prototype = fn.prototype;
+  }
+
+  return deprecated;
+}
+
+const SUPPORTS = {};
+// Test asyncIterator support
+try {
+  require('./async/async_iterator');
+  SUPPORTS.ASYNC_ITERATOR = true;
+} catch (e) {
+  SUPPORTS.ASYNC_ITERATOR = false;
+}
+
+class MongoDBNamespace {
+  constructor(db, collection) {
+    this.db = db;
+    this.collection = collection;
+  }
+
+  toString() {
+    return this.collection ? `${this.db}.${this.collection}` : this.db;
+  }
+
+  withCollection(collection) {
+    return new MongoDBNamespace(this.db, collection);
+  }
+
+  static fromString(namespace) {
+    if (!namespace) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot parse namespace from "${namespace}"`);
+    }
+
+    const index = namespace.indexOf('.');
+    return new MongoDBNamespace(namespace.substring(0, index), namespace.substring(index + 1));
+  }
+}
+
+function* makeCounter(seed) {
+  let count = seed || 0;
+  while (true) {
+    const newCount = count;
+    count += 1;
+    yield newCount;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper function for either accepting a callback, or returning a promise
+ *
+ * @param {Object} parent an instance of parent with promiseLibrary.
+ * @param {object} parent.s an object containing promiseLibrary.
+ * @param {function} parent.s.promiseLibrary an object containing promiseLibrary.
+ * @param {[Function]} callback an optional callback.
+ * @param {Function} fn A function that takes a callback
+ * @returns {Promise|void} Returns nothing if a callback is supplied, else returns a Promise.
+ */
+function maybePromise(parent, callback, fn) {
+  const PromiseLibrary = (parent && parent.s && parent.s.promiseLibrary) || Promise;
+
+  let result;
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    result = new PromiseLibrary((resolve, reject) => {
+      callback = (err, res) => {
+        if (err) return reject(err);
+        resolve(res);
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  fn(function(err, res) {
+    if (err != null) {
+      try {
+        callback(err);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return process.nextTick(() => {
+          throw error;
+        });
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    callback(err, res);
+  });
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+function now() {
+  const hrtime = process.hrtime();
+  return Math.floor(hrtime[0] * 1000 + hrtime[1] / 1000000);
+}
+
+function calculateDurationInMs(started) {
+  if (typeof started !== 'number') {
+    throw TypeError('numeric value required to calculate duration');
+  }
+
+  const elapsed = now() - started;
+  return elapsed < 0 ? 0 : elapsed;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an interval timer which is able to be woken up sooner than
+ * the interval. The timer will also debounce multiple calls to wake
+ * ensuring that the function is only ever called once within a minimum
+ * interval window.
+ *
+ * @param {function} fn An async function to run on an interval, must accept a `callback` as its only parameter
+ * @param {object} [options] Optional settings
+ * @param {number} [options.interval] The interval at which to run the provided function
+ * @param {number} [options.minInterval] The minimum time which must pass between invocations of the provided function
+ * @param {boolean} [options.immediate] Execute the function immediately when the interval is started
+ */
+function makeInterruptableAsyncInterval(fn, options) {
+  let timerId;
+  let lastCallTime;
+  let lastWakeTime;
+  let stopped = false;
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const interval = options.interval || 1000;
+  const minInterval = options.minInterval || 500;
+  const immediate = typeof options.immediate === 'boolean' ? options.immediate : false;
+  const clock = typeof options.clock === 'function' ? options.clock : now;
+
+  function wake() {
+    const currentTime = clock();
+    const timeSinceLastWake = currentTime - lastWakeTime;
+    const timeSinceLastCall = currentTime - lastCallTime;
+    const timeUntilNextCall = interval - timeSinceLastCall;
+    lastWakeTime = currentTime;
+
+    // For the streaming protocol: there is nothing obviously stopping this
+    // interval from being woken up again while we are waiting "infinitely"
+    // for `fn` to be called again`. Since the function effectively
+    // never completes, the `timeUntilNextCall` will continue to grow
+    // negatively unbounded, so it will never trigger a reschedule here.
+
+    // debounce multiple calls to wake within the `minInterval`
+    if (timeSinceLastWake < minInterval) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // reschedule a call as soon as possible, ensuring the call never happens
+    // faster than the `minInterval`
+    if (timeUntilNextCall > minInterval) {
+      reschedule(minInterval);
+    }
+
+    // This is possible in virtualized environments like AWS Lambda where our
+    // clock is unreliable. In these cases the timer is "running" but never
+    // actually completes, so we want to execute immediately and then attempt
+    // to reschedule.
+    if (timeUntilNextCall < 0) {
+      executeAndReschedule();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function stop() {
+    stopped = true;
+    if (timerId) {
+      clearTimeout(timerId);
+      timerId = null;
+    }
+
+    lastCallTime = 0;
+    lastWakeTime = 0;
+  }
+
+  function reschedule(ms) {
+    if (stopped) return;
+    clearTimeout(timerId);
+    timerId = setTimeout(executeAndReschedule, ms || interval);
+  }
+
+  function executeAndReschedule() {
+    lastWakeTime = 0;
+    lastCallTime = clock();
+
+    fn(err => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      reschedule(interval);
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (immediate) {
+    executeAndReschedule();
+  } else {
+    lastCallTime = clock();
+    reschedule();
+  }
+
+  return { wake, stop };
+}
+
+function hasAtomicOperators(doc) {
+  if (Array.isArray(doc)) {
+    return doc.reduce((err, u) => err || hasAtomicOperators(u), null);
+  }
+
+  return (
+    Object.keys(typeof doc.toBSON !== 'function' ? doc : doc.toBSON())
+      .map(k => k[0])
+      .indexOf('$') >= 0
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * When the driver used emitWarning the code will be equal to this.
+ * @public
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```js
+ * process.on('warning', (warning) => {
+ *  if (warning.code === MONGODB_WARNING_CODE) console.error('Ah an important warning! :)')
+ * })
+ * ```
+ */
+const MONGODB_WARNING_CODE = 'MONGODB DRIVER';
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ * @param {string} message - message to warn about
+ */
+function emitWarning(message) {
+  if (process.emitWarning) {
+    return nodejsMajorVersion <= 6
+      ? process.emitWarning(message, undefined, MONGODB_WARNING_CODE)
+      : process.emitWarning(message, { code: MONGODB_WARNING_CODE });
+  } else {
+    // Approximate the style of print out on node versions pre 8.x
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    return console.error(`[${MONGODB_WARNING_CODE}] Warning:`, message);
+  }
+}
+
+const emittedWarnings = new Set();
+/**
+ * Will emit a warning once for the duration of the application.
+ * Uses the message to identify if it has already been emitted
+ * so using string interpolation can cause multiple emits
+ * @internal
+ * @param {string} message - message to warn about
+ */
+function emitWarningOnce(message) {
+  if (!emittedWarnings.has(message)) {
+    emittedWarnings.add(message);
+    return emitWarning(message);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  filterOptions,
+  mergeOptions,
+  translateOptions,
+  shallowClone,
+  getSingleProperty,
+  checkCollectionName,
+  toError,
+  formattedOrderClause,
+  parseIndexOptions,
+  normalizeHintField,
+  handleCallback,
+  decorateCommand,
+  isObject,
+  debugOptions,
+  MAX_JS_INT: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER + 1,
+  conditionallyMergeWriteConcern,
+  executeLegacyOperation,
+  applyRetryableWrites,
+  applyWriteConcern,
+  isPromiseLike,
+  decorateWithCollation,
+  decorateWithReadConcern,
+  decorateWithExplain,
+  deprecateOptions,
+  SUPPORTS,
+  MongoDBNamespace,
+  emitDeprecationWarning,
+  makeCounter,
+  maybePromise,
+  now,
+  calculateDurationInMs,
+  makeInterruptableAsyncInterval,
+  hasAtomicOperators,
+  MONGODB_WARNING_CODE,
+  emitWarning,
+  emitWarningOnce
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/write_concern.js b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/write_concern.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fa487403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/lib/write_concern.js
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const kWriteConcernKeys = new Set(['w', 'wtimeout', 'j', 'journal', 'fsync']);
+let utils;
+
+/**
+ * The **WriteConcern** class is a class that represents a MongoDB WriteConcern.
+ * @class
+ * @property {(number|string)} w The write concern
+ * @property {number} wtimeout The write concern timeout
+ * @property {boolean} j The journal write concern
+ * @property {boolean} fsync The file sync write concern
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/index.html
+ */
+class WriteConcern {
+  /**
+   * Constructs a WriteConcern from the write concern properties.
+   * @param {(number|string)} [w] The write concern
+   * @param {number} [wtimeout] The write concern timeout
+   * @param {boolean} [j] The journal write concern
+   * @param {boolean} [fsync] The file sync write concern
+   */
+  constructor(w, wtimeout, j, fsync) {
+    if (w != null) {
+      this.w = w;
+    }
+    if (wtimeout != null) {
+      this.wtimeout = wtimeout;
+    }
+    if (j != null) {
+      this.j = j;
+    }
+    if (fsync != null) {
+      this.fsync = fsync;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a WriteConcern given an options object.
+   *
+   * @param {object} [options] The options object from which to extract the write concern.
+   * @param {(number|string)} [options.w] **Deprecated** Use `options.writeConcern` instead
+   * @param {number} [options.wtimeout] **Deprecated** Use `options.writeConcern` instead
+   * @param {boolean} [options.j] **Deprecated** Use `options.writeConcern` instead
+   * @param {boolean} [options.fsync] **Deprecated** Use `options.writeConcern` instead
+   * @param {object|WriteConcern} [options.writeConcern] Specify write concern settings.
+   * @return {WriteConcern}
+   */
+  static fromOptions(options) {
+    if (
+      options == null ||
+      (options.writeConcern == null &&
+        options.w == null &&
+        options.wtimeout == null &&
+        options.j == null &&
+        options.journal == null &&
+        options.fsync == null)
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (options.writeConcern) {
+      if (typeof options.writeConcern === 'string') {
+        return new WriteConcern(options.writeConcern);
+      }
+
+      if (!Object.keys(options.writeConcern).some(key => kWriteConcernKeys.has(key))) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return new WriteConcern(
+        options.writeConcern.w,
+        options.writeConcern.wtimeout,
+        options.writeConcern.j || options.writeConcern.journal,
+        options.writeConcern.fsync
+      );
+    }
+
+    // this is down here to prevent circular dependency
+    if (!utils) utils = require('./utils');
+
+    utils.emitWarningOnce(
+      `Top-level use of w, wtimeout, j, and fsync is deprecated. Use writeConcern instead.`
+    );
+    return new WriteConcern(
+      options.w,
+      options.wtimeout,
+      options.j || options.journal,
+      options.fsync
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = WriteConcern;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongodb/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..833c4c5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongodb/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mongodb@3.6.8",
+  "_id": "mongodb@3.6.8",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-sDjJvI73WjON1vapcbyBD3Ao9/VN3TKYY8/QX9EPbs22KaCSrQ5rXo5ZZd44tWJ3wl3FlnrFZ+KyUtNH6+1ZPQ==",
+  "_location": "/mongodb",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mongodb@3.6.8",
+    "name": "mongodb",
+    "escapedName": "mongodb",
+    "rawSpec": "3.6.8",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "3.6.8"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mongodb/-/mongodb-3.6.8.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3e2632af81915b3ff99b7681121ca0895e8ed407",
+  "_spec": "mongodb@3.6.8",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "bl": "^2.2.1",
+    "bson": "^1.1.4",
+    "denque": "^1.4.1",
+    "optional-require": "^1.0.3",
+    "safe-buffer": "^5.1.2",
+    "saslprep": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The official MongoDB driver for Node.js",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/chai": "^4.2.16",
+    "@types/mocha": "^8.2.2",
+    "@types/node": "^14.14.37",
+    "array-includes": "^3.1.3",
+    "chai": "^4.1.1",
+    "chai-subset": "^1.6.0",
+    "chalk": "^2.4.2",
+    "co": "4.6.0",
+    "eslint": "^7.10.0",
+    "eslint-config-prettier": "^6.11.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-es": "^3.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^3.1.3",
+    "jsdoc": "^3.5.5",
+    "lodash.camelcase": "^4.3.0",
+    "mocha": "5.2.0",
+    "mocha-sinon": "^2.1.0",
+    "mongodb-extjson": "^2.1.1",
+    "mongodb-mock-server": "^1.0.1",
+    "nyc": "^15.1.0",
+    "object.entries": "^1.1.3",
+    "prettier": "^1.19.1",
+    "semver": "^5.5.0",
+    "sinon": "^4.3.0",
+    "sinon-chai": "^3.2.0",
+    "snappy": "^6.3.4",
+    "spec-xunit-file": "0.0.1-3",
+    "standard-version": "^9.2.0",
+    "tslib": "^2.2.0",
+    "typescript": "^4.2.4",
+    "util.promisify": "^1.0.1",
+    "worker-farm": "^1.5.0",
+    "wtfnode": "^0.8.0",
+    "yargs": "^14.2.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "lib"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongodb",
+    "driver",
+    "official"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "mongodb",
+  "optionalDependencies": {
+    "saslprep": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+    "kerberos": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "mongodb-client-encryption": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "mongodb-extjson": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "snappy": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "bson-ext": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "aws4": {
+      "optional": true
+    }
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build:evergreen": "node .evergreen/generate_evergreen_tasks.js",
+    "build:unified": "tsc -p test/functional/unified-spec-runner/tsconfig.unified.json",
+    "check:atlas": "mocha --opts '{}' ./test/manual/atlas_connectivity.test.js",
+    "check:bench": "node test/benchmarks/driverBench/",
+    "check:coverage": "nyc npm run check:test",
+    "check:kerberos": "mocha --opts '{}' -t 60000 test/manual/kerberos.test.js",
+    "check:ldap": "mocha --opts '{}' test/manual/ldap.test.js",
+    "check:lint": "eslint -v && eslint lib test",
+    "check:test": "mocha --recursive test/functional test/unit",
+    "check:tls": "mocha --opts '{}' test/manual/tls_support.test.js",
+    "format": "npm run check:lint -- --fix",
+    "release": "standard-version -i HISTORY.md",
+    "test": "npm run lint && mocha --recursive test/functional test/unit"
+  },
+  "version": "3.6.8"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..261eeb9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
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diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3296efb8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# mongoose-legacy-pluralize
+Legacy pluralization logic for mongoose
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1dd451d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+module.exports = pluralize;
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization rules.
+ *
+ * These rules are applied while processing the argument to `toCollectionName`.
+ *
+ * @deprecated remove in 4.x gh-1350
+ */
+
+exports.pluralization = [
+  [/(m)an$/gi, '$1en'],
+  [/(pe)rson$/gi, '$1ople'],
+  [/(child)$/gi, '$1ren'],
+  [/^(ox)$/gi, '$1en'],
+  [/(ax|test)is$/gi, '$1es'],
+  [/(octop|vir)us$/gi, '$1i'],
+  [/(alias|status)$/gi, '$1es'],
+  [/(bu)s$/gi, '$1ses'],
+  [/(buffal|tomat|potat)o$/gi, '$1oes'],
+  [/([ti])um$/gi, '$1a'],
+  [/sis$/gi, 'ses'],
+  [/(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$/gi, '$1$2ves'],
+  [/(hive)$/gi, '$1s'],
+  [/([^aeiouy]|qu)y$/gi, '$1ies'],
+  [/(x|ch|ss|sh)$/gi, '$1es'],
+  [/(matr|vert|ind)ix|ex$/gi, '$1ices'],
+  [/([m|l])ouse$/gi, '$1ice'],
+  [/(kn|w|l)ife$/gi, '$1ives'],
+  [/(quiz)$/gi, '$1zes'],
+  [/s$/gi, 's'],
+  [/([^a-z])$/, '$1'],
+  [/$/gi, 's']
+];
+var rules = exports.pluralization;
+
+/**
+ * Uncountable words.
+ *
+ * These words are applied while processing the argument to `toCollectionName`.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.uncountables = [
+  'advice',
+  'energy',
+  'excretion',
+  'digestion',
+  'cooperation',
+  'health',
+  'justice',
+  'labour',
+  'machinery',
+  'equipment',
+  'information',
+  'pollution',
+  'sewage',
+  'paper',
+  'money',
+  'species',
+  'series',
+  'rain',
+  'rice',
+  'fish',
+  'sheep',
+  'moose',
+  'deer',
+  'news',
+  'expertise',
+  'status',
+  'media'
+];
+var uncountables = exports.uncountables;
+
+/*!
+ * Pluralize function.
+ *
+ * @author TJ Holowaychuk (extracted from _ext.js_)
+ * @param {String} string to pluralize
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function pluralize(str) {
+  var found;
+  str = str.toLowerCase();
+  if (!~uncountables.indexOf(str)) {
+    found = rules.filter(function(rule) {
+      return str.match(rule[0]);
+    });
+    if (found[0]) {
+      return str.replace(found[0][0], found[0][1]);
+    }
+  }
+  return str;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8ea7a5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize@1.0.2",
+  "_id": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Yo/7qQU4/EyIS8YDFSeenIvXxZN+ld7YdV9LqFVQJzTLye8unujAWPZ4NWKfFA+RNjh+wvTWKY9Z3E5XM6ZZiQ==",
+  "_location": "/mongoose-legacy-pluralize",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize@1.0.2",
+    "name": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize",
+    "escapedName": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/-/mongoose-legacy-pluralize-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3ba9f91fa507b5186d399fb40854bff18fb563e4",
+  "_spec": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize@1.0.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Valeri Karpov",
+    "email": "val@karpov.io"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/vkarpov15/mongoose-legacy-pluralize/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Legacy pluralization logic for mongoose",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/vkarpov15/mongoose-legacy-pluralize",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongoose",
+    "mongodb"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "mongoose-legacy-pluralize",
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "mongoose": "*"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/vkarpov15/mongoose-legacy-pluralize.git"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/History.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6dca33d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6528 @@
+5.12.14 / 2021-06-15
+====================
+ * fix(schema): check that schema type is an object when setting isUnderneathDocArray #10361 [vmo-khanus](https://github.com/vmo-khanus)
+ * fix(document): avoid infinite recursion when setting single nested subdoc to array #10351
+ * fix(populate): allow populating nested path in schema using `Model.populate()` #10335
+ * fix(drivers): emit operation-start/operation-end events to allow inspecting when operations start and end
+ * fix(index.d.ts): improve typings for virtuals #10350 [thiagokisaki](https://github.com/thiagokisaki)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correct constructor type for Document #10328
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `ValidationError` as a possible type for `ValidationError#errors` #10320 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix: remove unnecessary async devDependency that's causing npm audit warnings #10281
+ * docs(typescript): add schemas guide #10308
+ * docs(model): add options parameter description to `Model.exists()` #10336 [Aminoiz](https://github.com/Aminoiz)
+
+5.12.13 / 2021-06-04
+====================
+ * perf(document): avoid creating nested paths when running `$getAllSubdocs()` #10275
+ * fix: make returnDocument option work with `findOneAndUpdate()` #10232 #10231 [cnwangjie](https://github.com/cnwangjie)
+ * fix(document): correctly reset subdocument when resetting a map subdocument underneath a single nested subdoc after save #10295
+ * perf(query): avoid setting non-null sessions to avoid overhead from $getAllSubdocs() #10275
+ * perf(document): pre split schematype paths when compiling schema to avoid extra overhead of splitting when hydrating documents #10275
+ * perf(schema): pre-calculate mapPaths to avoid looping over every path for each path when initing doc #10275
+ * fix(index.d.ts): drill down into nested arrays when creating LeanDocument type #10293
+
+5.12.12 / 2021-05-28
+====================
+ * fix(documentarray): retain atomics when setting to a new array #10272
+ * fix(query+model): fix deprecation warning for `returnOriginal` with `findOneAndUpdate()` #10298 #10297 #10292 #10285 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `map()` result an array if used over an array #10288 [quantumsheep](https://github.com/quantumsheep)
+
+5.12.11 / 2021-05-24
+====================
+ * fix(populate): skip applying setters when casting arrays for populate() to avoid issues with arrays of immutable elements #10264
+ * perf(schematype): avoid cloning setters every time we run setters #9588
+ * perf(get): add benchmarks and extra cases to speed up get() #9588
+ * perf(array): improve array constructor performance on small arrays to improve nested array perf #9588
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow using type: [String] with string[] when using SchemaDefinition with generic #10261
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support ReadonlyArray as well as regular array where possible in schema definitions #10260
+ * docs(connection): document noListener option to useDb #10278 [stuartpb](https://github.com/stuartpb)
+ * docs: migrate raw tutorial content from pug / JS to markdown #10271
+ * docs: fix typo #10269 [sanjib](https://github.com/sanjib)
+
+5.12.10 / 2021-05-18
+====================
+ * fix(query): allow setting `defaults` option on result documents from query options #7287 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(populate): handle populating embedded discriminator with custom tiedValue #10231
+ * fix(document): allow passing space-delimited string of `pathsToValidate` to `validate()` and `validateSync()` #10258
+ * fix(model+schema): support `loadClass()` on classes that have `collection` as a static property #10257 #10254 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(SchemaArrayOptions): correct property name #10236
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add any to all query operators to minimize likelihood of "type instantiation is excessively deep" when querying docs with 4-level deep subdocs #10189
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add $parent() in addition to parent() in TS definitions
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correct async iterator return type for QueryCursor #10253 #10252 #10251 [borfig](https://github.com/borfig)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `virtualsOnly` parameter to `loadClass()` function signature [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * docs(typescript): add typescript populate docs #10212
+ * docs: switch from AWS to Azure Functions for search #10244
+
+5.12.9 / 2021-05-13
+===================
+ * fix(schema): ensure add() overwrites existing schema paths by default #10208 #10203
+ * fix(schema): support creating nested paths underneath document arrays #10193
+ * fix(update): convert nested dotted paths in update to nested paths to avoid ending up with dotted properties in update #10200
+ * fix(document): allow calling validate() and validateSync() with `options` as first parameter #10216
+ * fix(schema): apply static properties to model when using loadClass() #10206
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow returning Promise<void> from middleware functions #10229
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add pre('distinct') hooks to TypeScript #10192
+
+5.12.8 / 2021-05-10
+===================
+ * fix(populate): handle populating immutable array paths #10159
+ * fix(CastError): add `toJSON()` function to ensure `name` property always ends up in `JSON.stringify()` output #10166 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(query): add allowDiskUse() method to improve setting MongoDB 4.4's new `allowDiskUse` option #10177
+ * fix(populate): allow populating paths under mixed schematypes where some documents have non-object properties #10191
+ * chore: remove unnecessary driver dynamic imports so Mongoose can work with Parcel #9603
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow any object as parameter to create() and `insertMany()` #10144
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow creating Model class with raw interface, no `extends Document` #10144
+ * fix(index.d.ts): separate UpdateQuery from `UpdateWithAggregationPipeline` for cases when `UpdateQuery` is used as a function param #10186
+ * fix(index.d.ts): don't require error value in pre/post hooks #10213 [michaln-q](https://github.com/michaln-q)
+ * docs(typescript): add a typescript intro tutorial and statics tutorial #10021
+ * docs(typescript): add query helpers tutorial #10021
+ * docs(deprecations): add note that you can safely ignore `useFindAndModify` and `useCreateIndex` deprecation warnings #10155
+ * chore(workflows): add node 16 to github actions #10201 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.12.7 / 2021-04-29
+===================
+ * fix(document): make $getPopulatedDocs() return populated virtuals #10148
+ * fix(discriminator): take discriminator schema's single nested paths over base schema's #10157
+ * fix(discriminator): allow numbers and ObjectIds as tied values for discriminators #10130
+ * fix(document): avoid double validating paths underneath mixed objects in save() #10141
+ * fix(schema): allow path() to return single nested paths within document arrays #10164
+ * fix(model+query): consistently wrap query callbacks in `process.nextTick()` to avoid clean stack traces causing memory leak when using synchronous recursion like `async.whilst()` #9864
+ * fix(cursor): correctly report CastError when using noCursorTimeout flag #10150
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add CastError constructor #10176
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow setting mongoose.pluralize(null) in TypeScript #10185
+ * docs: add link to transactions guide from nav bar #10143
+ * docs(validation): add section about custom error messages #10140
+ * docs: make headers linkable via clicking #10156
+ * docs: broken link in document.js #10190 [joostdecock](https://github.com/joostdecock)
+ * docs: make navbar responsive on legacy 2.x docs #10171 [ad99526](https://github.com/ad99526)
+
+5.12.6 / 2021-04-27
+===================
+ * fix(query): allow setting `writeConcern` schema option to work around MongoDB driver's `writeConcern` deprecation warning #10083 #10009 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(populate): dedupe when virtual populate foreignField is an array to avoid duplicate docs in result #10117
+ * fix(populate): add `localField` filter to `$elemMatch` on virtual populate when custom `match` has a `$elemMatch` and `foreignField` is an array #10117
+ * fix(query): convert projection string values to numbers as a workaround for #10142
+ * fix(document): set version key filter on `save()` when using `optimisticConcurrency` if no changes in document #10128 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(model): use `obj` as `context` in `Model.validate()` if `obj` is a document #10132
+ * fix(connection): avoid db events deprecation warning when using `useDb()` with `useUnifiedTopology` #8267
+ * fix: upgrade to sift@13.5.2 to work around transitive dev dependency security warning #10121
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow any object as parameter to `create()` and `insertMany()` #10144
+ * fix(index.d.ts): clarify that `eachAsync()` callback receives a single doc rather than array of docs unless `batchSize` is set #10135
+ * fix(index.d.ts): clarify that return value from `validateSync()` is a ValidationError #10147 [michaln-q](https://github.com/michaln-q)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add generic type for Model constructor #10074 [Duchynko](https://github.com/Duchynko)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add parameter type in merge #10168 [yoonhoGo](https://github.com/yoonhoGo)
+
+5.12.5 / 2021-04-19
+===================
+ * fix(populate): handle populating underneath document array when document array property doesn't exist in db #10003
+ * fix(populate): clear out dangling pointers to populated docs so query cursor with populate() can garbage collect populated subdocs #9864
+ * fix(connection): pull correct `autoCreate` value from Mongoose global when creating new model before calling `connect()` #10091
+ * fix(populate): handle populating paths on documents with discriminator keys that point to non-existent discriminators #10082
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow numbers as discriminator names #10115
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow `type: Boolean` in Schema definitions #10085
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow passing array of aggregation pipeline stages to `updateOne()` and `updateMany()` #10095
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support legacy 2nd param callback syntax for `deleteOne()`, `deleteMany()` #10122
+ * docs(mongoose): make `useCreateIndex` always `false` in docs #10033
+ * docs(schema): fix incorrect links from schema API docs #10111
+
+5.12.4 / 2021-04-15
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.6.6 #10079
+ * fix: store fields set with select:false at schema-level when saving a new document #10101 [ptantiku](https://github.com/ptantiku)
+ * fix(populate): avoid turning already populated field to null when populating an existing lean document #10068 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(populate): correctly populate lean subdocs with `_id` property #10069
+ * fix(model): insertedDocs may contain docs that weren't inserted #10098 [olnazx](https://github.com/olnazx)
+ * fix(schemaType): make type Mixed cast error objects to pojos #10131 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(populate): support populating embedded discriminators in nested arrays #9984
+ * fix(populate): handle populating map paths using trailing `.$*` #10123
+ * fix(populate): allow returning primitive from `transform()` function for single conventional populate #10064
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow generic classes of `T` to use `T & Document` internally #10046
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow `$pull` with `$` paths #10075
+ * fix(index.d.ts): use correct `Date` type for `$currentDate` #10058
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing asyncInterator to Query type def #10094 [borfig](https://github.com/borfig)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow RHS of `$unset` properties to be any value #10066
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow setting SchemaType `index` property to a string #10077
+ * refactor(index.d.ts): move discriminator() to common interface #10109 [LoneRifle](https://github.com/LoneRifle)
+
+5.12.3 / 2021-03-31
+===================
+ * fix: avoid setting schema-level collation on text indexes #10044 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(query): add `writeConcern()` method to avoid writeConcern deprecation warning #10009
+ * fix(connection): use queueing instead of event emitter for `createCollection()` and other helpers to avoid event emitter warning #9778
+ * fix(connection): scope `Connection#id` to Mongoose instance so id always lines up with `mongoose.connections` index #10025 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix: avoid throwing in `promiseOrCallback()` if 3rd param isn't an EventEmitter #10055 [emrebass](https://github.com/emrebass)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add Model as 2nd generic param to `Model.discriminator()` #10054 [coro101](https://github.com/coro101)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add docs to `next()` callback for `pre('insertMany')` hooks #10078 #10072 [pezzu](https://github.com/pezzu)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `transform` to PopulateOptions interface #10061
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add DocumentQuery type for backwards compatibility #10036
+
+5.12.2 / 2021-03-22
+===================
+ * fix(QueryCursor): consistently execute `post('find')` hooks with an array of docs #10015 #9982 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(schema): support setting `ref` as an option on an array SchemaType #10029
+ * fix(query): apply schema-level `select` option from array schematypes #10029
+ * fix(schema): avoid possible prototype pollution with `Schema()` constructor #10035 [zpbrent](https://github.com/zpbrent)
+ * fix(model): make bulkWrite skip timestamps with timestamps: false #10050 [SoftwareSing](https://github.com/SoftwareSing)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make query methods return `QueryWithHelpers` so query helpers pass through chaining #10040
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `upserted` array to `updateOne()`, `updateMany()`, `update()` result #10042
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add back `Aggregate#project()` types that were mistakenly removed in 5.12.0 #10043
+ * fix(index.d.ts): always allow setting `type` in Schema to a SchemaType class or a Schema instance #10030
+ * docs(transactions): introduce `session.withTransaction()` before `session.startTransaction()` because `withTransaction()` is the recommended approach #10008
+ * docs(mongoose+browser): fix broken links to info about `mongoose.Types` #10016
+
+5.12.1 / 2021-03-18
+===================
+ * fix: update mongodb -> 3.6.5 to fix circular dependency warning #9900
+ * fix(document): make `toObject()` use child schema `flattenMaps` option by default #9995
+ * fix(ObjectId): make `isValidObjectId()` check that length 24 strings are hex chars only #10010 #9996 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(query): correctly cast embedded discriminator paths when discriminator key is specified in array filter #9977
+ * fix(schema): skip `populated()` check when calling `applyGetters()` with a POJO for mongoose-lean-getters support #9986
+ * fix(populate): support populating dotted subpath of a populated doc that has the same id as a populated doc #10005
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correct `this` for query helpers #10028 [francescov1](https://github.com/francescov1)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): avoid omitting function property keys in LeanDocuments, because TS can't accurately infer what's a function if using generic functions #9989
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correct type definition for `SchemaType#cast()` #10039 #9980
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make SchemaTypeOptions a class, add missing `SchemaType#OptionsConstructor` #10001
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support calling `findByIdAndUpdate()` with filter, update, callback params #9981
+
+5.12.0 / 2021-03-11
+===================
+ * feat(populate): add `transform` option that Mongoose will call on every populated doc #3775
+ * feat(query): make `Query#pre()` and `Query#post()` public #9784
+ * feat(document): add `Document#getPopulatedDocs()` to return an array of all populated documents in a document #9702 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * feat(document): add `Document#getAllSubdocs()` to return an array of all single nested and array subdocuments #9764 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * feat(schema): allow `schema` as a schema path name #8798 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * feat(QueryCursor): Add batch processing for eachAsync #9902 [khaledosama999](https://github.com/khaledosama999)
+ * feat(connection): add `noListener` option to help with use cases where you're using `useDb()` on every request #9961
+ * feat(index): emit 'createConnection' event when user calls `mongoose.createConnection()` #9985
+ * feat(connection+index): emit 'model' and 'deleteModel' events on connections when creating and deleting models #9983
+ * feat(query): allow passing `explain` option to `Model.exists()` #8098 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+
+5.11.20 / 2021-03-11
+====================
+ * fix(query+populate): avoid unnecessarily projecting in subpath when populating a path that uses an elemMatch projection #9973
+ * fix(connection): avoid `db` events deprecation warning with 'close' events #10004 #9930
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `$pull` more permissive to allow dotted paths #9993
+
+5.11.19 / 2021-03-05
+====================
+ * fix(document): skip validating array elements that aren't modified when `validateModifiedOnly` is set #9963
+ * fix(timestamps): apply timestamps on `findOneAndReplace()` #9951
+ * fix(schema): correctly handle trailing array filters when looking up schema paths #9977
+ * fix(schema): load child class getter for virtuals instead of base class when using `loadClass()` #9975
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow creating statics without passing generics to `Schema` constructor #9969
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add QueryHelpers generic to schema and model, make all query methods instead return QueryWithHelpers #9850
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support setting `type` to an array of schemas when using SchemaDefinitionType #9962
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add generic to plugin schema definition #9968 [emiljanitzek](https://github.com/emiljanitzek)
+ * docs: small typo fix #9964 [KrishnaMoorthy12](https://github.com/KrishnaMoorthy12)
+
+5.11.18 / 2021-02-23
+====================
+ * fix(connection): set connection state to `disconnected` if connecting string failed to parse #9921
+ * fix(connection): remove `db` events deprecation warning if `useUnifiedTopology = true` #9930
+ * fix(connection): fix promise chaining for openUri #9960 [lantw44](https://github.com/lantw44)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `PopulatedDoc` type to make it easier to define populated docs in interfaces #9818
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow explicitly overwriting `toObject()` return type for backwards compatibility #9944
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correctly throw error when interface path type doesn't line up with schema path type #9958 [ShadiestGoat](https://github.com/ShadiestGoat)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): remove `any` from `deleteX()` and `updateX()` query params and return values #9959 [btd](https://github.com/btd)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add non-generic versions of `Model.create()` for better autocomplete #9928
+ * docs: correctly handle multiple `&gt` in API descriptions #9940
+
+5.11.17 / 2021-02-17
+====================
+ * fix(populate): handle `perDocumentLimit` when multiple documents reference the same populated doc #9906
+ * fix(document): handle directly setting embedded document array element with projection #9909
+ * fix(map): cast ObjectId to string inside of MongooseMap #9938 [HunterKohler](https://github.com/HunterKohler)
+ * fix(model): use schema-level default collation for indexes if index doesn't have collation #9912
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `SchemaTypeOptions#type` optional again to allow alternative typeKeys #9927
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support `{ type: String }` in schema definition when using SchemaDefinitionType generic #9911
+ * docs(populate+schematypes): document the `$*` syntax for populating every entry in a map #9907
+ * docs(connection): clarify that `Connection#transaction()` promise resolves to a command result #9919
+
+5.11.16 / 2021-02-12
+====================
+ * fix(document): skip applying array element setters when init-ing an array #9889
+ * fix: upgrade to mongodb driver 3.6.4 #9893 [jooeycheng](https://github.com/jooeycheng)
+ * fix: avoid copying Object.prototype properties when cloning #9876
+ * fix(aggregate): automatically convert functions to strings when using `$function` operator #9897
+ * fix: call pre-remove hooks for subdocuments #9895 #9885 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * docs: fix confusing sentence in Schema docs #9914 [namenyi](https://github.com/namenyi)
+
+5.11.15 / 2021-02-03
+====================
+ * fix(document): fix issues with `isSelected` as an path in a nested schema #9884 #9873 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): better support for `SchemaDefinition` generics when creating schema #9863 #9862 #9789
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow required function in array definition #9888 [Ugzuzg](https://github.com/Ugzuzg)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): reorder create typings to allow array desctructuring #9890 [Ugzuzg](https://github.com/Ugzuzg)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing overload to Model.validate #9878 #9877 [jonamat](https://github.com/jonamat)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): throw compiler error if schema says path is a String, but interface says path is a number #9857
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `Query` a class, allow calling `Query#where()` with object argument and with no arguments #9856
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support calling `Schema#pre()` and `Schema#post()` with options and array of hooked function names #9844
+ * docs(faq): mention other debug options than console #9887 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs(connections): clarify that Mongoose can emit 'error' both during initial connection and after initial connection #9853
+
+5.11.14 / 2021-01-28
+====================
+ * fix(populate): avoid inferring `justOne` from parent when populating a POJO with a manually populated path #9833 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(document): apply setters on each element of the array when setting a populated array #9838
+ * fix(map): handle change tracking on maps of subdocs #9811 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(document): remove dependency on `documentIsSelected` symbol #9841 [IslandRhythms](https://github.com/IslandRhythms)
+ * fix(error): make ValidationError.toJSON to include the error name correctly #9849 [hanzki](https://github.com/hanzki)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): indicate that `Document#remove()` returns a promise, not a query #9826
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow setting `SchemaType#enum` to TypeScript enum with `required: true` #9546
+
+5.11.13 / 2021-01-20
+====================
+ * fix(map): handle change tracking on map of arrays #9813
+ * fix(connection): allow passing options to `Connection#transaction()` #9834 [pnutmath](https://github.com/pnutmath)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `Query#options#rawResult` take precedence over `new`+`upsert` #9816
+ * fix(index.d.ts): changed setOptions's 'overwrite' argument to optional #9824 [pierissimo](https://github.com/pierissimo)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow setting `mongoose.Promise` #9820
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `Aggregate#replaceRoot()` #9814
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `Model.create()` with a spread return a promise of array rather than single doc #9817
+ * fix(index.d.ts): use SchemaDefinitionProperty generic for SchemaTypeOptions if specified #9815
+ * docs(populate): add note about setting `toObject` for populate virtuals #9822
+
+5.11.12 / 2021-01-14
+====================
+ * fix(document): handle using `db` as a document path #9798
+ * fix(collection): make sure to call `onOpen()` if `autoCreate === false` #9807
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correct query type for `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findByIdAndUpdate()` with `rawResult = true` #9803
+ * fix(index.d.ts): require setting `new: true` or `returnOriginal: false` to skip null check with `findOneAndUpdate()` #9654
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make methods and statics optional on schema #9801
+ * fix(index.d.ts): remove non backwards compatible methods restriction #9801
+ * docs: removed the extra word on comment doc #9794 [HenriqueLBorges](https://github.com/HenriqueLBorges)
+
+5.11.11 / 2021-01-08
+====================
+ * fix(model): support calling `create()` with `undefined` as first argument and no callback #9765
+ * fix(index.d.ts): ensure TypeScript knows that `this` refers to `DocType` in schema methods with strict mode #9755
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make SchemaDefinition accept a model generic #9761 [mroohian](https://github.com/mroohian)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `Aggregate#addFields()` #9774
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow setting `min` and `max` to [number, string] and [Date, string] #9762
+ * fix(index.d.ts): improve context and type bindings for `Schema#methods` and `Schema#statics` #9717
+ * docs: add recommended connection option #9768 [Fernando-Lozano](https://github.com/Fernando-Lozano)
+ * chore: correct improper date in History.md #9783 [botv](https://github.com/botv)
+
+5.11.10 / 2021-01-04
+====================
+ * fix(model): support `populate` option for `insertMany()` as a workaround for mongoose-autopopulate #9720
+ * perf(schema): avoid creating extra array when initializing array of arrays #9588
+ * perf(schema): avoid setting `arrayPath` when casting to a non-array, avoid unnecessarily setting atomics #9588
+ * perf(schema): avoid expensive `String#slice()` call when creating a new array #9588
+ * fix(queryhelpers): avoid modifying `lean.virtuals` in place #9754
+ * fix: fall back to legacy treatment for square brackets if square brackets contents aren't a number #9640
+ * fix(document): make fix for #9396 handle null values more gracefully #9709
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing overloaded function for Document#populate() #9744 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow Model.create param1 overwrite #9753 [hasezoey](https://github.com/hasezoey)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): improve autocomplete for query middleware #9752 [3Aahmednaser94](https://github.com/3Aahmednaser94)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing function for Aggregate#group() #9750 [coro101](https://github.com/coro101)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `Aggregate#project()` #9763 [vorticalbox](https://github.com/vorticalbox)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow `null` as an enum value for schematypes #9746
+ * docs(guide+schema): make schema API docs and guide docs' list of Schema options line up #9749
+ * docs(documents): add some more details about what the `save()` promise resolves to #9689
+ * docs(subdocs): add section about subdocument defaults #7291
+ * chore: run GitHub CI on PRs and update badge #9760 [YC](https://github.com/YC)
+
+5.11.9 / 2020-12-28
+===================
+ * fix(document): keeps atomics when assigning array to filtered array #9651
+ * fix(document): apply `defaults` option to subdocument arrays #9736
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow passing generic parameter to overwrite `lean()` result type #9728
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing pre hook for findOneAndUpdate #9743 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): schema methods & statics types #9725
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow `id` paths with non-string values in TypeScript #9723
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support calling `createIndexes()` and `ensureIndexes()` with just callback #9706
+ * fix(index.d.ts): include `__v` in LeanDocuments #9687
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `Aggregate#append()` #9714
+ * chore: add eslint typescript support and lint index.d.ts file #9729 [simllll](https://github.com/simllll)
+ * chore: add Github Actions #9688 [YC](https://github.com/YC)
+
+5.11.8 / 2020-12-14
+===================
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing single document populate #9696 [YC](https://github.com/YC)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make options optional for `toObject` #9700
+ * fix(index.d.ts): added missing match and model methods in Aggregate class #9710 [manekshms](https://github.com/manekshms)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make options optional for `createIndexes()` and `ensureIndexes()` #9706
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support passing a function to `ValidateOpts.message` #9697
+ * docs: add media query for ::before on headings #9705 #9704 [YC](https://github.com/YC)
+
+5.11.7 / 2020-12-10
+===================
+ * fix(document): ensure calling `get()` with empty string returns undefined for mongoose-plugin-autoinc #9681
+ * fix(model): set `isNew` to false for documents that were successfully inserted by `insertMany` with `ordered = false` when an error occurred #9677
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing Aggregate#skip() & Aggregate#limit() #9692 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make `Document#id` optional so types that use `id` can use `Model<IMyType & Document>` #9684
+
+5.11.6 / 2020-12-09
+===================
+ * fix(middleware): ensure sync errors in pre hooks always bubble up to the calling code #9659
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow passing ObjectId properties as strings to `create()` and `findOneAndReplace()` #9676
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow calling `mongoose.model()` and `Connection#model()` with model as generic param #9685 #9678 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): Fix return type of Model#aggregate() #9680 [orgads](https://github.com/orgads)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): optional next() parameter for post middleware #9683 [isengartz](https://github.com/isengartz)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow array of validators in SchemaTypeOptions #9686 [cjroebuck](https://github.com/cjroebuck)
+
+5.11.5 / 2020-12-07
+===================
+ * fix(map): support `null` in maps of subdocs #9628
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support object syntax for `validate` #9667
+ * fix(index.d.ts): Allow number for Schema expires #9670 [alecgibson](https://github.com/alecgibson)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow definining arbitrary properties on SchemaTypeOpts for plugins like mongoose-autopopulate #9669
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add mongoose.models #9661 #9660 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow the next() argument to be optional #9665 #9664 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `VirtualType#applyGetters()` and `applySetters()`, `Schema#virtuals`, `Schema#childSchemas`, `Query#_mongooseOptions` #9658
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `id` to LeanDocuments in case it is defined in the user's schema #9657
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing types for hook functions #9653
+ * fix(index.d.ts): improve support for strict null checks with `upsert` and `orFail()` #9654
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make return values for `insertMany()` more consistent #9662
+ * fix(index.d.ts): Change options in Connection#collection() to be optional #9663 [orgads](https://github.com/orgads)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add the missing generic declaration for Schema #9655 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `SchemaTypeOpts` and `ConnectionOptions` aliases for backwards compat
+ * docs(populate): remove `sort()` from `limit` example to avoid potential confusion #9584
+ * docs(compatibility): add MongoDB server 4.4 version compatibility #9641
+
+5.11.4 / 2020-12-04
+===================
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `Document#__v` so documents have a Version by default #9652 [sahasayan](https://github.com/sahasayan)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `session` option to `SaveOptions` #9642
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `Schema#paths`, `Schema#static(obj)`, `Embedded#schema`, `DocumentArray#schema`, make Schema inherit from EventEmitter #9650
+ * fix(index.d.ts): order when cb is optional in method #9647 [CatsMiaow](https://github.com/CatsMiaow)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): use DocumentDefinition for `FilterQuery` #9649
+ * fix(index.d.ts): correct callback result types for `find()`, `findOne()`, `findById()` #9648
+ * fix(index.d.ts): remove `Document#parent()` method because it conflicts with existing user code #9645
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `Connection#db` property #9643
+ * test(typescript): add `tsconfig.json` file for intellisense #9611 [alecgibson](https://github.com/alecgibson)
+
+5.11.3 / 2020-12-03
+===================
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make Mongoose collection inherit MongoDB collection #9637 #9630 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `Document#_id` so documents have an id by default #9632
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow inline schema definitions for nested properties #9639 [Green-Cat](https://github.com/Green-Cat)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add support for missing error message definitions #9638 [SaifAlsabe](https://github.com/SaifAlsabe)
+ * fix(schema+discriminator): support defining recursive embedded discriminators by passing document array schematype to discriminator #9600
+ * fix(index.d.ts): make it possible to use `LeanDocument` with arrays #9620
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add `ModelUpdateOptions` as alias for `QueryOptions` for backwards compat #9637
+
+5.11.2 / 2020-12-02
+===================
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing query options and model `findById()` function #9626 #9620
+ * fix(index.d.ts): support defining schema paths as arrays of functions #9617
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add automatic `_id` for Document, support creating Mongoose globals and accessing collection name #9618
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing global `get()` and `set()` #9616
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing `new` and `returnOriginal` options to QueryOptions, add missing model static properties #9627 #9616 #9615
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow `useCreateIndex` in connection options #9621
+
+5.11.1 / 2020-12-01
+===================
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add missing SchemaOptions #9606
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow using `$set` in updates #9609
+ * fix(index.d.ts): add support for using return value of `createConnection()` as a connection as well as a promise #9612 #9610 [alecgibson](https://github.com/alecgibson)
+ * fix(index.d.ts): allow using `Types.ObjectId()` without `new` in TypeScript #9608
+
+5.11.0 / 2020-11-30
+===================
+ * feat: add official TypeScript definitions `index.d.ts` file #8108
+ * feat(connection): add bufferTimeoutMS option that configures how long Mongoose will allow commands to buffer #9469
+ * feat(populate): support populate virtuals with `localField` and `foreignField` as arrays #6608
+ * feat(populate+virtual): feat: support getters on populate virtuals, including `get` option for `Schema#virtual()` #9343
+ * feat(populate+schema): add support for `populate` schematype option that sets default populate options #6029
+ * feat(QueryCursor): execute post find hooks for each doc in query cursor #9345
+ * feat(schema): support overwriting cast logic for individual schematype instances #8407
+ * feat(QueryCursor): make cursor `populate()` in batch when using `batchSize` #9366 [biomorgoth](https://github.com/biomorgoth)
+ * chore: remove changelog from published bundle #9404
+ * feat(model+mongoose): add `overwriteModels` option to bypass `OverwriteModelError` globally #9406
+ * feat(model+query): allow defining middleware for all query methods or all document methods, but not other middleware types #9190
+ * feat(document+model): make change tracking skip saving if new value matches last saved value #9396
+ * perf(utils): major speedup for `deepEqual()` on documents and arrays #9396
+ * feat(schema): support passing a TypeScript enum to `enum` validator in schema #9547 #9546 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * feat(debug): #8963 `shell` option for date format (ISODate) #9532 [FlameFractal](https://github.com/FlameFractal)
+ * feat(document): support square bracket indexing for `get()`, `set()` #9375
+ * feat(document): support array and space-delimited syntax for `Document#$isValid()`, `isDirectSelected()`, `isSelected()`, `$isDefault()` #9474
+ * feat(string): make `minLength` and `maxLength` behave the same as `minlength` and `maxlength` #8777 [m-weeks](https://github.com/m-weeks)
+ * feat(document): add `$parent()` as an alias for `parent()` for documents and subdocuments to avoid path name conflicts #9455
+
+5.10.19 / 2020-11-30
+====================
+ * fix(query): support passing an array to `$type` in query filters #9577
+ * perf(schema): avoid creating unnecessary objects when casting to array #9588
+ * docs: make example gender neutral #9601 [rehatkathuria](https://github.com/rehatkathuria)
+
+5.10.18 / 2020-11-29
+====================
+ * fix(connection): connect and disconnect can be used destructured #9598 #9597 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.10.17 / 2020-11-27
+====================
+ * fix(document): allow setting fields after an undefined field #9587 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.10.16 / 2020-11-25
+====================
+ * fix(connection): copy config options from connection rather than base connection when calling `useDb()` #9569
+ * fix(schema): support `of` for array type definitions to be consistent with maps #9564
+ * docs(dates): fix broken example reference #9557 [kertof](https://github.com/kertof)
+ * docs(virtualtype): remove unintentional h2 tag re: tj/dox#60 #9568
+
+5.10.15 / 2020-11-16
+====================
+ * fix(array): make sure `Array#toObject()` returns a vanilla JavaScript array in Node.js 6+ #9540
+ * fix(connection): make `disconnect()` stop Mongoose if it is trying to reconnect #9531
+ * fix: ensure `Document#overwrite()` correctly overwrites maps #9549
+ * fix(document): make transform work with nested paths #9544 #9543 [jonathan-wilkinson](https://github.com/jonathan-wilkinson)
+ * fix(query): maxTimeMS in count, countDocuments, distinct #9552 [FlameFractal](https://github.com/FlameFractal)
+ * fix(schema): remove warning re: `increment` as a schema path name #9538
+ * fix(model): automatically set `partialFilterExpression` for indexes in discriminator schemas #9542
+
+5.10.14 / 2020-11-12
+====================
+ * fix(update): handle casting immutable object properties with `$setOnInsert` #9537
+ * fix(discriminator): overwrite instead of merge if discriminator schema specifies a path is single nested but base schema has path as doc array #9534
+ * docs(middleware): clarify that you need to set both `document` and `query` on `remove` hooks to get just document middleware #9530 [mustafaKamal-fe](https://github.com/mustafaKamal-fe)
+ * docs(CONTRIBUTING): remove mmapv1 recommendation and clean up a few other details #9529
+ * refactor: remove duplicate function definition #9527 [ksullivan](https://github.com/ksullivan)
+
+5.10.13 / 2020-11-06
+====================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.6.3 for Lambda cold start fixes #9521 #9179 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(document): correctly handle setting props to other nested props #9519
+
+5.10.12 / 2020-11-04
+====================
+ * fix(connection): catch and report sync errors in connection wrappers like `startSession()` #9515
+ * fix(document): ignore getters when diffing values for change tracking #9501
+ * fix(connection): avoid executing promise handler unless it's a function #9507 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(error): throw more helpful error when connecting to a non-SSL MongoDB server with SSL enabled #9511
+ * docs(model+query): clarify that `deleteOne` and `deleteMany` trigger middleware #9504
+ * docs(ssl): add note about `ssl` defaulting to `true` for srv connection strings #9511
+
+5.10.11 / 2020-10-26
+====================
+ * fix(connection): when calling `mongoose.connect()` multiple times in parallel, make 2nd call wait for connection before resolving #9476
+ * fix(map): make `save()` persist `Map#clear()` #9493
+ * fix(document): avoid overwriting array subdocument when setting dotted path that isn't selected #9427
+ * fix(connection): don't throw Atlas error if server discovery doesn't find any servers #9470
+ * docs: update options for Model.findOneAndUpdate #9499 [radamson](https://github.com/radamson)
+
+5.10.10 / 2020-10-23
+====================
+ * fix(schema): handle merging schemas from separate Mongoose module instances when schema has a virtual #9471
+ * fix(connection): make connection.then(...) resolve to a connection instance #9497 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(aggregate): when using $search with discriminators, add `$match` as the 2nd stage in pipeline rather than 1st #9487
+ * fix(query): cast $nor within $elemMatch #9479
+ * docs(connection): add note about 'error' event versus 'disconnected' event #9488 [tareqdayya](https://github.com/tareqdayya)
+
+5.10.9 / 2020-10-09
+===================
+ * fix(update): strip out unused array filters to avoid "filter was not used in the update" error #9468
+ * fix(mongoose): allow setting `autoCreate` as a global option to be consistent with `autoIndex` #9466
+
+5.10.8 / 2020-10-05
+===================
+ * fix(schema): handle setting nested paths underneath single nested subdocs #9459
+ * fix(schema+index): allow calling `mongoose.model()` with schema from a different Mongoose module instance #9449
+ * fix(transaction): fix saving new documents w/ arrays in transactions #9457 [PenguinToast](https://github.com/PenguinToast)
+ * fix(document): track `reason` on cast errors that occur while init-ing a document #9448
+ * fix(model): make `createCollection()` not throw error when collection already exists to be consistent with v5.9 #9447
+ * docs(connections): add SSL connections docs #9443
+ * docs(query_casting): fix typo #9458 [craig-davis](https://github.com/craig-davis)
+
+5.10.7 / 2020-09-24
+===================
+ * fix(schema): set correct path and schema on nested primitive arrays #9429
+ * fix(document): pass document to required validator so `required` can use arrow functions #9435 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(document): handle required when schema has property named `isSelected` #9438
+ * fix(timestamps): allow using timestamps when schema has a property named 'set' #9428
+ * fix(schema): make `Schema#clone()` use parent Mongoose instance's Schema constructor #9426
+
+5.10.6 / 2020-09-18
+===================
+ * fix(populate): handle `options.perDocumentLimit` option same as `perDocumentLimit` when calling `populate()` #9418
+ * fix(document): invalidate path if default function throws an error #9408
+ * fix: ensure subdocument defaults run after initial values are set when initing #9408
+ * docs(faq+queries): add more detail about duplicate queries, including an faq entry #9386
+ * docs: replace var with let and const in docs and test files #9414 [jmadankumar](https://github.com/jmadankumar)
+ * docs(model+query): document using array of strings as projection #9413
+ * docs(middleware): add missing backtick #9425 [tphobe9312](https://github.com/tphobe9312)
+
+5.10.5 / 2020-09-11
+===================
+ * fix: bump mongodb -> 3.6.2 #9411 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(query+aggregate+cursor): support async iteration over a cursor instance as opposed to a Query or Aggregate instance #9403
+ * fix(document): respect child schema `minimize` if `toObject()` is called without an explicit `minimize` #9405
+ * docs(guide): use const instead of var #9394 [nainardev](https://github.com/nainardev)
+ * docs(query): link to lean, findOneAndUpdate, query casting tutorials from query docs #9410
+
+5.10.4 / 2020-09-09
+===================
+ * fix(document): allow setting nested path to instance of model #9392
+ * fix: handle `findOneAndRemove()` with `orFail()` #9381
+ * fix(schema): support setting `_id` option to `false` after instantiating schema #9390
+ * docs(document): fix formatting on `getChanges()` #9376
+
+5.10.3 / 2020-09-03
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.6.1 #9380 [lamhieu-vk](https://github.com/lamhieu-vk)
+ * fix(populate): allow populating paths underneath subdocument maps #9359
+ * fix(update): handle casting map paths when map is underneath a single nested subdoc #9298
+ * fix(discriminator): avoid removing nested path if both base and discriminator schema have the same nested path #9362
+ * fix(schema): support `Schema#add()` with schematype instances with different paths #9370
+ * docs(api): fix typo in `Query#get()` example #9372 [elainewlin](https://github.com/elainewlin)
+
+5.10.2 / 2020-08-28
+===================
+ * fix(model): avoid uncaught error if `insertMany()` fails due to server selection error #9355
+ * fix(aggregate): automatically convert accumulator function options to strings #9364
+ * fix(document): handle `pull()` on a document array when `_id` is an alias #9319
+ * fix(queryhelpers): avoid path collision error when projecting in discriminator key with `.$` #9361
+ * fix: fix typo in error message thrown by unimplemented createIndex #9367 [timhaley94](https://github.com/timhaley94)
+ * docs(plugins): note that plugins should be applied before you call `mongoose.model()` #7723
+
+5.10.1 / 2020-08-26
+===================
+ * fix(mongoose): fix `.then()` is not a function error when calling `mongoose.connect()` multiple times #9358 #9335 #9331
+ * fix: allow calling `create()` after `bulkWrite()` by clearing internal casting context #9350
+ * fix(model): dont wipe out changes made while `save()` is in-flight #9327
+ * fix(populate): skip checking `refPath` if the path to populate is undefined #9340
+ * fix(document): allow accessing document values from function `default` on array #9351
+ * fix(model): skip applying init hook if called with `schema.pre(..., { document: false })` #9316
+ * fix(populate): support `retainNullValues` when setting `_id` to `false` for subdocument #9337 #9336 [FelixRe0](https://github.com/FelixRe0)
+ * docs: update connect example to avoid deprecation warnings #9332 [moander](https://github.com/moander)
+
+5.10.0 / 2020-08-14
+===================
+ * feat: upgrade to MongoDB driver 3.6 for full MongoDB 4.4 support
+ * feat(connection): add `Connection#transaction()` helper that handles resetting Mongoose document state if the transaction fails #8380
+ * feat(connection): make transaction() helper reset array atomics after failed transaction
+ * feat(schema+model): add `optimisticConcurrency` option to use OCC for `save()` #9001 #5424
+ * feat(aggregate): add `Aggregate#search()` for Atlas Text Search #9115
+ * feat(mongoose): add support for setting `setDefaultsOnInsert` as a global option #9036 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * feat(mongoose): add support for setting `returnOriginal` as a global option #9189 #9183 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * feat(mongoose): allow global option mongoose.set('strictQuery', true) #9016 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * feat(document): add Document#getChanges #9097 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * feat(document): support `defaults` option to disable adding defaults to a single document #8271
+ * feat(SingleNestedPath+DocumentArray): add static `set()` function for global options, support setting `_id` globally #8883
+ * feat(query): handle casting `$or` when each clause contains a different discriminator key #9018
+ * feat(query): add overwriteDiscriminatorKey option that allows changing the discriminator key in `findOneAndUpdate()`, `updateOne()`, etc. #6087
+ * fix(connection): make calling `mongoose.connect()` while already connected a no-op #9203
+ * feat(connection): add `getClient()` and `setClient()` function for interacting with a connection's underlying MongoClient instance #9164
+ * feat(document+populate): add `parent()` function that allows you to get the parent document for populated docs #8092
+ * feat(document): add `useProjection` option to `toObject()` and `toJSON()` for hiding deselected fields on newly created documents #9118
+
+5.9.29 / 2020-08-13
+===================
+ * fix(document): support setting nested path to itself when it has nested subpaths #9313
+ * fix(model): make `syncIndexes()` report error if it can't create an index #9303
+ * fix: handle auth error when Atlas username is incorrect #9300
+
+5.9.28 / 2020-08-07
+===================
+ * fix(connection): consistently stop buffering when "reconnected" is emitted #9295
+ * fix(error): ensure `name` and `message` show up on individual ValidatorErrors when calling JSON.stringify() on a ValidationError #9296
+ * fix(document): keeps manually populated paths when setting a nested path to itself #9293
+ * fix(document): allow saving after setting document array to itself #9266
+ * fix(schema): handle `match` schema validator with `/g` flag #9287
+ * docs(guide): refactor transactions examples to async/await #9204
+
+5.9.27 / 2020-07-31
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.5.10 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(transactions): make transactions docs use async/await for readability #9204
+
+5.9.26 / 2020-07-27
+===================
+ * fix(document): allow unsetting boolean field by setting the field to `undefined` #9275
+ * fix(document): throw error when overwriting a single nested subdoc changes an immutable path within the subdoc #9281
+ * fix(timestamps): apply timestamps to `bulkWrite()` updates when not using `$set` #9268
+ * fix(browser): upgrade babel to v7 to work around an issue with `extends Error` #9273
+ * fix: make subdocument's `invalidate()` methods have the same return value as top-level document #9271
+ * docs(model): make `create()` docs use async/await, and add another warning about how `create()` with options requires array syntax #9280
+ * docs(connections): clarify that Mongoose can emit 'connected' when reconnecting after losing connectivity #9240
+ * docs(populate): clarify that you can't filter based on foreign document properties when populating #9279
+ * docs(document+model): clarify how `validateModifiedOnly` option works #9263
+ * docs: remove extra poolSize option in comment #9270 [shahvicky](https://github.com/shahvicky)
+ * docs: point bulkWrite() link to mongoose docs instead of localhost #9284
+
+5.9.25 / 2020-07-17
+===================
+ * fix(discriminator): allow passing a compiled model's schema as a parameter to `discriminator()` #9238
+ * fix(connection): throw more readable error when querying db before initial connection when `bufferCommands = false` #9239
+ * fix(indexes): don't unnecessarily drop text indexes when running `syncIndexes()` #9225
+ * fix: make Boolean _castNullish respect omitUndefined #9242 [ehpc](https://github.com/ehpc)
+ * fix(populate): populate single nested discriminator underneath doc array when populated docs have different model but same id #9244
+ * docs(mongoose): correct formatting typo #9247 [JNa0](https://github.com/JNa0)
+
+5.9.24 / 2020-07-13
+===================
+ * fix(connection): respect connection-level `bufferCommands` option if `mongoose.connect()` is called after `mongoose.model()` #9179
+ * fix(document): clear out `priorDoc` after overwriting single nested subdoc so changes after overwrite get persisted correctly #9208
+ * fix(connection): dont overwrite user-specified `bufferMaxEntries` when setting `bufferCommands` #9218
+ * fix(model): allow passing projection to `Model.hydrate()` #9209
+ * fix(schema+document): support adding `null` to schema boolean's `convertToFalse` set #9223
+ * docs(model): make `find` and `findOne()` examples use async/await and clarify `find({})` is find all #9210
+
+4.13.21 / 2020-07-12
+====================
+ * fix(query): delete top-level `_bsontype` property in queries to prevent silent empty queries #8222
+
+5.9.23 / 2020-07-10
+===================
+ * fix(model): fix `syncIndexes()` error when db index has a collation but Mongoose index does not #9224 [clhuang](https://github.com/clhuang)
+ * fix(array): only cast array to proper depth if it contains an non-array value #9217 #9215 [cyrilgandon](https://github.com/cyrilgandon)
+ * docs(schematype): document the `transform` option #9211
+ * docs(mongoose): fix typo #9212 [JNa0](https://github.com/JNa0)
+
+5.9.22 / 2020-07-06
+===================
+ * fix(schema): treat `{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.Array }` as equivalent to `{ type: Array }` #9194
+ * fix: revert fix for #9107 to avoid issues when calling `connect()` multiple times #9167
+ * fix(update): respect storeSubdocValidationError option with update validators #9172
+ * fix: upgrade to safe-buffer 5.2 #9198
+ * docs: add a note about SSL validation to migration guide #9147
+ * docs(schemas): fix inconsistent header #9196 [samtsai15](https://github.com/samtsai15)
+
+5.9.21 / 2020-07-01
+===================
+ * fix: propagate `typeKey` option to implicitly created schemas from `typePojoToMixed` #9185 [joaoritter](https://github.com/joaoritter)
+ * fix(populate): handle embedded discriminator `refPath` with multiple documents #9153
+ * fix(populate): handle deselected foreign field with `perDocumentLimit` and multiple documents #9175
+ * fix(document): disallow `transform` functions that return promises #9176 #9163 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(document): use strict equality when checking mixed paths for modifications #9165
+ * docs: add target="_blank" to all edit links #9058
+
+5.9.20 / 2020-06-22
+===================
+ * fix(populate): handle populating primitive array under document array discriminator #9148
+ * fix(connection): make sure to close previous connection when calling `openUri()` on an already open connection #9107
+ * fix(model): fix conflicting $setOnInsert default values with `update` values in bulkWrite #9160 #9157 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(validation): add note about validateBeforeSave and invalidate #9144 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs: specify the array field syntax for invalidate #9137 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs: fix several typos and broken references #9024 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: fix minor typo #9143 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+
+5.9.19 / 2020-06-15
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.5.9 #9124 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix: copy `required` validator on single nested subdoc correctly when calling `Schema#clone()` #8819
+ * fix(discriminator): handle `tiedValue` when casting update on nested paths #9108
+ * fix(model): allow empty arrays for bulkWrite #9132 #9131 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(schema): correctly set partialFilterExpression for nested schema indexes #9091
+ * fix(castArrayFilters): handle casting on all fields of array filter #9122 [lafeuil](https://github.com/lafeuil)
+ * fix(update): handle nested path createdAt when overwriting parent path #9105
+ * docs(subdocs): add some notes on the difference between single nested subdocs and nested paths #9085
+ * docs(subdocs): improve docs on `typePojoToMixed` #9085
+ * docs: add note about connections in `globalSetup` with Jest #9063
+ * docs: add schema and how to set default sub-schema to schematype options #9111 [dfle](https://github.com/dfle)
+ * docs(index): use `const` instead of `var` in examples #9125 [dmcgrouther](https://github.com/dmcgrouther)
+ * docs: corrected markdown typo #9117
+
+5.9.18 / 2020-06-05
+===================
+ * fix: improve atlas error in the event of incorrect password #9095
+ * docs: add edit link for all docs pages #9058
+ * fix(document): allow accessing `$locals` when initializing document #9099 #9098 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(query): make `setDefaultsOnInsert` a mongoose option so it doesn't end up in debug output #9086
+ * docs(connection+index): add serverSelectionTimeoutMS and heartbeatFrequencyMS to `connect()` and `openUri()` options #9071
+ * docs(geojson): add notes about geojson 2dsphere indexes #9044
+ * docs: make active page bold in navbar #9062
+ * docs: correct a typo in a code snippet #9089 [Elvis-Sarfo](https://github.com/Elvis-Sarfo)
+
+5.9.17 / 2020-06-02
+===================
+ * fix(document): avoid tracking changes like `splice()` on slice()-ed arrays #9011
+ * fix(populate): make populating a nested path a no-op #9073
+ * fix(document): clear nested cast errors when overwriting an array path #9080
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb to v3.5.8 #9069 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(document): add validateModifiedOnly to Document#save(), Document#validateSync() and Document#validate() #9078 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(faq): fix typo #9075 [tigransimonyan](https://github.com/tigransimonyan)
+ * docs: document all parameters to .debug #9029 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs: fix property value in Getters example #9061 [ismet](https://github.com/ismet)
+
+5.9.16 / 2020-05-25
+===================
+ * perf(error): convert errors to classes extending Error for lower CPU overhead #9021 [zbjornson](https://github.com/zbjornson)
+ * fix(query): throw CastError if filter `$and`, `$or`, `$nor` contain non-object values #8948
+ * fix(bulkwrite): cast filter & update to schema after applying timestamps #9030 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(document): don't overwrite defaults with undefined keys in nested documents #9039 [vitorhnn](https://github.com/vitorhnn)
+ * fix(discriminator): remove discriminator schema nested paths pulled from base schema underneath a mixed path in discriminator schema #9042
+ * fix(model): make syncIndexes() not drop index if all user-specified collation options are the same #8994
+ * fix(document): make internal `$__.scope` property a symbol instead to work around a bug with fast-safe-stringify #8955
+ * docs: model.findByIdAndUpdate() 'new' param fix #9026 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+
+5.9.15 / 2020-05-18
+===================
+ * fix(schema): treat creating dotted path with no parent as creating a nested path #9020
+ * fix(documentarray): make sure you can call `unshift()` after `map()` #9012 [philippejer](https://github.com/philippejer)
+ * fix(model): cast bulkwrite according to discriminator schema if discriminator key is present #8982 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(schema): remove `db` from reserved keywords #8940
+ * fix(populate): treat populating a doc array that doesn't have a `ref` as a no-op #8946
+ * fix(timestamps): set createdAt and updatedAt on doubly nested subdocs when upserting #8894
+ * fix(model): allow POJOs as schemas for model.discriminator(...) #8991 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(model): report `insertedDocs` on `insertMany()` errors #8938
+ * fix(model): ensure consistent `writeErrors` property on insertMany error with `ordered: false`, even if only one op failed #8938
+ * docs: add anchor tag to strictQuery and strict #9014 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(faq): remove faq ipv6 #9004
+ * docs: add note about throwing error only after validation and fix broken reference to api/CastError #8993 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: fix typos in documents.pug #9005 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+
+5.9.14 / 2020-05-13
+===================
+ * fix(cursor): add index as second parameter to eachAsync callback #8972 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(query): cast filter according to discriminator schema if discriminator key in filter #8881
+ * fix(model): fix throwing error when populating virtual path defined on child discriminator #8924 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(errors): handle case when user has make `Error.prototype.toJSON` read only #8986 [osher](https://github.com/osher)
+ * fix(model): add `kind` to cast errors thrown by query execution #8953 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(update): use child schema strict on single nested updates if useNestedStrict not set #8922
+ * docs(model): improve `save()` docs #8956 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: add immutable type to Schema Types #8987 [Andrew5569](https://github.com/Andrew5569)
+ * docs: sort schema reserved keys in documentation #8966 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.9.13 / 2020-05-08
+===================
+ * fix(schema): mark correct path as modified when setting a path underneath a nested array of documents #8926
+ * fix(query): Query#select({ field: false }) should not overwrite schema selection options #8929 #8923
+ * fix(update): handle immutable properties are ignored in bulk upserts #8952 [philippejer](https://github.com/philippejer)
+ * docs(browser): add back sample webpack config #8890
+ * docs(faq): fix broken reference in limit vs perDocumentLimit #8937
+
+5.9.12 / 2020-05-04
+===================
+ * fix(document): report cast error on array elements with array index instead of just being a cast error for the whole array #8888
+ * fix(connection): throw more helpful error in case of IP whitelisting issue with Atlas #8846
+ * fix(schema): throw error on schema with reserved key with type of object #8869 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(connection): inherit config for useDB from default connection #8267 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(query): set mongodb options for `distinct()` #8906 [clhuang](https://github.com/clhuang)
+ * fix(schema): allow adding descending indexes on schema #8895 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(document): set defaults if setting nested path to empty object with `minimize: false` #8829
+ * fix(populate): check discriminator existence before accessing schema in getModelsMapForPopulate #8837 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: fix broken references to Mongoose#Document API, and prefer mongoose.model(...) over Document#model(...) #8914 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(model): adds options.limit to Model.insertMany(...) #8864 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: add flattenMaps and aliases to Document#toObject() #8901 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(model): add options.overwrite to findOneAndUpdate #8865 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(populate+faq): separate limit-vs-perDocumentLimit into its own section, add FAQ for populate and limit #8917 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.9.11 / 2020-04-30
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.5.7 #8842 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix: validate nested paths on Model.validate(...) #8848 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(populate): make doc.execPopulate(options) a shorthand for doc.populate(options).execPopulate() #8840 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(model): return validation errors when all docs are invalid & rawResult set #8853 [tusharf5](https://github.com/tusharf5)
+ * fix(schemaType): treat select: null or select: undefined as not specified #8850 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix: fix stream close event listener being called multiple times in Node 14 #8835 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(populate): handle `clone` with `lean` when setting a path to `null` #8807
+ * docs(faq): clarify setting paths under document arrays with `markModified()` #8854
+ * docs: fix race condition in creating connection for lambda #8845 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: add options.path for Model.populate(...) #8833 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: use ES6 classes for custom schema type example #8802
+
+5.9.10 / 2020-04-20
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.5.6, bson -> 1.1.4 #8719
+ * fix(document): avoid calling `$set()` on object keys if object path isn't in schema #8751
+ * fix(timestamps): handle timestamps on doubly nested subdocuments #8799
+ * fix(schematype): throw error if default is set to a schema instance #8751
+ * fix: handle $elemMatch projection with `select: false` in schema #8818 #8806 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs: make FAQ questions more linkable #8825 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(validation): use `init()` as opposed to `once('index')` in `unique` example #8816
+ * docs: clarify `insertMany()` return value #8820 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs(populate+query): fix typos #8793 #8794 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs(model): document skipId parameter #8791 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.9.9 / 2020-04-13
+==================
+ * fix(model): make Model.bulkWrite accept `strict` option #8782 #8788 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(virtual): make populated virtual getter return value when it is passed in #8775 #8774 [makinde](https://github.com/makinde)
+ * fix(document): handle validating document array whose docs contain maps and nested paths #8767
+ * fix(document): skip discriminator key when overwriting a document #8765
+ * fix(populate): support `clone` option with `lean` #8761 #8760
+ * docs(transactions): use `endSession()` in all transactions examples #8741
+ * docs(queries): expand streaming section to include async iterators, cursor timeouts, and sesssion idle timeouts #8720
+ * docs(model+query+findoneandupdate): add docs for `returnOriginal` option #8766
+ * docs(model): fix punctuation #8788 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * docs: fix typos #8780 #8799 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+
+5.9.8 / 2020-04-06
+==================
+ * fix(map): run getters when calling `Map#get()` #8730
+ * fix(populate): handle `refPath` function in embedded discriminator #8731
+ * fix(model): allow setting timestamps to false for bulkWrite #8758 #8745 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(model): pass custom options to `exists()` when no changes to save #8764 #8739 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(update): respect `useNestedStrict: false` when updating a single nested path #8735
+ * fix(schema): allow `modelName` as a schema path, since `modelName` is a static property on models #7967
+ * docs(promises): add section about using `exec()` with queries and `await` #8747
+ * docs(connections): clarify that `connectTimeoutMS` doesn't do anything with `useUnifiedTopology`, should use `serverSelectionTimeoutMS` #8721
+ * chore: upgrade mpath -> 0.7.0 #8762 [roja548](https://github.com/roja548)
+
+5.9.7 / 2020-03-30
+==================
+ * fix(map): avoid infinite loop when setting a map of documents to a document copied using spread operator #8722
+ * fix(query): clean stack trace for filter cast errors so they include the calling file #8691
+ * fix(model): make bulkWrite updates error if `strict` and `upsert` are set and `filter` contains a non-schema path #8698
+ * fix(cast): make internal `castToNumber()` allow undefined #8725 [p3x-robot](https://github.com/p3x-robot)
+
+5.9.6 / 2020-03-23
+==================
+ * fix(document): allow saving document with nested document array after setting `nestedArr.0` #8689
+ * docs(connections): expand section about multiple connections to describe patterns for exporting schemas #8679
+ * docs(populate): add note about `execPopulate()` to "populate an existing document" section #8671 #8275
+ * docs: fix broken links #8690 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(guide): fix typos #8704 [MateRyze](https://github.com/MateRyze)
+ * docs(guide): fix minor typo #8683 [pkellz](https://github.com/pkellz)
+
+5.9.5 / 2020-03-16
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.5.5 #8667 #8664 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(connection): emit "disconnected" after losing connectivity to every member of a replica set with `useUnifiedTopology: true` #8643
+ * fix(array): allow calling `slice()` after `push()` #8668 #8655 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(map): avoid marking map as modified if setting `key` to the same value #8652
+ * fix(updateValidators): don't run `Mixed` update validator on dotted path underneath mixed type #8659
+ * fix(populate): ensure top-level `limit` applies if one document being populated has more than `limit` results #8657
+ * fix(populate): throw error if both `limit` and `perDocumentLimit` are set #8661 #8658 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(findOneAndUpdate): add a section about the `rawResult` option #8662
+ * docs(guide): add section about `loadClass()` #8623
+ * docs(query): improve `Query#populate()` example to clarify that `sort` doesn't affect the original result's order #8647
+
+5.9.4 / 2020-03-09
+==================
+ * fix(document): allow `new Model(doc)` to set immutable properties when doc is a mongoose document #8642
+ * fix(array): make sure you can call `unshift()` after `slice()` #8482
+ * fix(schema): propagate `typePojoToMixed` to implicitly created arrays #8627
+ * fix(schema): also propagate `typePojoToMixed` option to schemas implicitly created because of `typePojoToMixed` #8627
+ * fix(model): support passing `background` option to `syncIndexes()` #8645
+ * docs(schema): add a section about the `_id` path in schemas #8625
+ * docs(virtualtype+populate): document using `match` with virtual populate #8616
+ * docs(guide): fix typo #8648 [sauzy34](https://github.com/sauzy34)
+
+5.9.3 / 2020-03-02
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.5.4 #8620
+ * fix(document): set subpath defaults when overwriting single nested subdoc #8603
+ * fix(document): make calling `validate()` with single nested subpath only validate that single nested subpath #8626
+ * fix(browser): make `mongoose.model()` return a class in the browser to allow hydrating populated data in the browser #8605
+ * fix(model): make `syncIndexes()` and `cleanIndexes()` drop compound indexes with `_id` that aren't in the schema #8559
+ * docs(connection+index): add warnings to explain that bufferMaxEntries does nothing with `useUnifiedTopology` #8604
+ * docs(document+model+query): add `options.timestamps` parameter docs to `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findByIdAndUpdate()` #8619
+ * docs: fix out of date links to tumblr #8599
+
+5.9.2 / 2020-02-21
+==================
+ * fix(model): add discriminator key to bulkWrite filters #8590
+ * fix(document): when setting nested array path to non-nested array, wrap values top-down rather than bottom up when possible #8544
+ * fix(document): dont leave nested key as undefined when setting nested key to empty object with minimize #8565
+ * fix(document): avoid throwing error if setting path to Mongoose document with nullish `_doc` #8565
+ * fix(update): handle Binary type correctly with `runValidators` #8580
+ * fix(query): run `deleteOne` hooks only on `Document#deleteOne()` when setting `options.document = true` for `Schema#pre()` #8555
+ * fix(document): allow calling `validate()` in post validate hook without causing parallel validation error #8597
+ * fix(virtualtype): correctly copy options when cloning #8587
+ * fix(collection): skip creating capped collection if `autoCreate` set to `false` #8566
+ * docs(middleware): clarify that updateOne and deleteOne hooks are query middleware by default, not document middleware #8581
+ * docs(aggregate): clarify that `Aggregate#unwind()` can take object parameters as well as strings #8594
+
+5.9.1 / 2020-02-14
+==================
+ * fix(model): set session when calling `save()` with no changes #8571
+ * fix(schema): return correct pathType when single nested path is embedded under a nested path with a numeric name #8583
+ * fix(queryhelpers): remove `Object.values()` for Node.js 4.x-6.x support #8596
+ * fix(cursor): respect sort order when using `eachAsync()` with `parallel` and a sync callback #8577
+ * docs: update documentation of custom _id overriding in discriminators #8591 [sam-mfb](https://github.com/sam-mfb)
+
+5.9.0 / 2020-02-13
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade to MongoDB driver 3.5 #8520 #8563
+ * feat(schematype): support setting default options for schema type (`trim` on all strings, etc.) #8487
+ * feat(populate): add `perDocumentLimit` option that limits per document in `find()` result, rather than across all documents #7318
+ * feat(schematype): enable setting `transform` option on individual schematypes #8403
+ * feat(timestamps): allow setting `currentTime` option for setting custom function to get the current time #3957
+ * feat(connection): add `Connection#watch()` to watch for changes on an entire database #8425
+ * feat(document): add `Document#$op` property to make it easier to tell what operation is running in middleware #8439
+ * feat(populate): support `limit` as top-level populate option #8445
+
+5.8.13 / 2020-02-13
+===================
+ * fix(populate): use safe get to avoid crash if schematype doesn't have options #8586
+
+5.8.12 / 2020-02-12
+===================
+ * fix(query): correctly cast dbref `$id` with `$elemMatch` #8577
+ * fix(populate): handle populating when some embedded discriminator schemas have `refPath` but none of the subdocs have `refPath` #8553
+ * docs: add useUnifiedTopology to homepage example #8558 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * refactor(utils): moving promiseOrCallback to helpers/promiseOrCallback #8573 [hugosenari](https://github.com/hugosenari)
+
+5.8.11 / 2020-01-31
+===================
+ * fix(document): allow calling `validate()` multiple times in parallel on subdocs to avoid errors if Mongoose double-validates [taxilian](https://github.com/taxilian) #8548 #8539
+ * fix(connection): allow calling initial `mongoose.connect()` after connection helpers on the same tick #8534
+ * fix(connection): throw helpful error when callback param to `mongoose.connect()` or `mongoose.createConnection()` is not a function #8556
+ * fix(drivers): avoid unnecessary caught error when importing #8528
+ * fix(discriminator): remove unnecessary `utils.merge()` [samgladstone](https://github.com/samgladstone) #8542
+ * docs: add "built with mongoose" page #8540
+
+5.8.10 / 2020-01-27
+===================
+ * perf(document): improve performance of document creation by skipping unnecessary split() calls #8533 [igrunert-atlassian](https://github.com/igrunert-atlassian)
+ * fix(document): only call validate once for deeply nested subdocuments #8532 #8531 [taxilian](https://github.com/taxilian)
+ * fix(document): create document array defaults in forward order, not reverse #8514
+ * fix(document): allow function as message for date min/max validator #8512
+ * fix(populate): don't try to populate embedded discriminator that has populated path but no `refPath` #8527
+ * fix(document): plugins from base schema when creating a discriminator #8536 [samgladstone](https://github.com/samgladstone)
+ * fix(document): ensure parent and ownerDocument are set for subdocs in document array defaults #8509
+ * fix(document): dont set undefined keys to null if minimize is false #8504
+ * fix(update): bump timestamps when using update aggregation pipelines #8524
+ * fix(model): ensure `cleanIndexes()` drops indexes with different collations #8521
+ * docs(model): document `insertMany` `lean` option #8522
+ * docs(connections): document `authSource` option #8517
+
+5.8.9 / 2020-01-17
+==================
+ * fix(populate): skip populating embedded discriminator array values that don't have a `refPath` #8499
+ * docs(queries): clarify when to use queries versus aggregations #8494
+
+5.8.8 / 2020-01-14
+==================
+ * fix(model): allow using `lean` with `insertMany()` #8507 #8234 [ntsekouras](https://github.com/ntsekouras)
+ * fix(document): don't throw parallel validate error when validating subdoc underneath modified nested path #8486
+ * fix: allow `typePojoToMixed` as top-level option #8501 #8500 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(populate+schematypes): make note of `_id` getter for ObjectIds in populate docs #8483
+
+5.8.7 / 2020-01-10
+==================
+ * fix(documentarray): modify ownerDocument when setting doc array to a doc array thats part of another document #8479
+ * fix(document): ensure that you can call `splice()` after `slice()` on an array #8482
+ * docs(populate): improve cross-db populate docs to include model refs #8497
+
+5.8.6 / 2020-01-07
+====================
+ * chore: merge changes from 4.13.20 and override mistaken publish to latest tag
+
+4.13.20 / 2020-01-07
+====================
+ * fix(schema): make aliases handle mongoose-lean-virtuals #6069
+
+5.8.5 / 2020-01-06
+==================
+ * fix(document): throw error when running `validate()` multiple times on the same document #8468
+ * fix(model): ensure deleteOne() and deleteMany() set discriminator filter even if no conditions passed #8471
+ * fix(document): allow pre('validate') hooks to throw errors with `name = 'ValidationError'` #8466
+ * fix(update): move top level $set of immutable properties to $setOnInsert so upserting with immutable properties actually sets the property #8467
+ * fix(document): avoid double-running validators on single nested subdocs within single nested subdocs #8468
+ * fix(populate): support top-level match option for virtual populate #8475
+ * fix(model): avoid applying skip when populating virtual with count #8476
+
+5.8.4 / 2020-01-02
+==================
+ * fix(populate): ensure populate virtual gets set to empty array if `localField` is undefined in the database #8455
+ * fix(connection): wrap `mongoose.connect()` server selection timeouts in MongooseTimeoutError for more readable stack traces #8451
+ * fix(populate): allow deselecting `foreignField` from projection by prefixing with `-` #8460
+ * fix(populate): support embedded discriminators with `refPath` when not all discriminator schemas have `refPath` #8452
+ * fix(array): allow defining `enum` on array if an array of numbers #8449
+
+5.8.3 / 2019-12-23
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.4.1 #8430 [jaschaio](https://github.com/jaschaio)
+ * fix(populate): don't add empty subdocument to array when populating path underneath a non-existent document array #8432
+ * fix(schema): handle `_id` option for document array schematypes #8450
+ * fix(update): call setters when updating mixed type #8444
+ * docs(connections): add note about MongoTimeoutError.reason #8402
+
+5.8.2 / 2019-12-20
+==================
+ * fix(schema): copy `.add()`-ed paths when calling `.add()` with schema argument #8429
+ * fix(cursor): pull schema-level readPreference when using `Query#cursor()` #8421
+ * fix(cursor): wait for all promises to resolve if `parallel` is greater than number of documents #8422
+ * fix(document): depopulate entire array when setting array path to a partially populated array #8443
+ * fix: handle setDefaultsOnInsert with deeply nested subdocs #8392
+ * fix(document): report `DocumentNotFoundError` if underlying document deleted but no changes made #8428 #8371 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(populate): clarify limitations of `limit` option for populate and suggest workaround #8409
+ * docs(deprecations): explain which connection options are no longer relevant with useUnifiedTopology #8411
+ * chore: allow browser build to be published #8435 #8427 [captaincaius](https://github.com/captaincaius)
+
+5.8.1 / 2019-12-12
+==================
+ * fix(documentarray): dont attempt to cast when modifying array returned from map() #8399
+ * fix(document): update single nested subdoc parent when setting to existing single nested doc #8400
+ * fix(schema): add `$embeddedSchemaType` property to arrays for consistency with document arrays #8389
+
+5.8.0 / 2019-12-09
+==================
+ * feat: wrap server selection timeout errors in `MongooseTimeoutError` to retain original stack trace #8259
+ * feat(model): add `Model.validate()` function that validates a POJO against the model's schema #7587
+ * feat(schema): add `Schema#pick()` function to create a new schema with a picked subset of the original schema's paths #8207
+ * feat(schema): add ability to change CastError message using `cast` option to SchemaType #8300
+ * feat(schema): group indexes defined in schema path with the same name #6499
+ * fix(model): build all indexes even if one index fails #8185 [unusualbob](https://github.com/unusualbob)
+ * feat(browser): pre-compile mongoose/browser #8350 [captaincaius](https://github.com/captaincaius)
+ * fix(connection): throw error when setting unsupported option #8335 #6899 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * feat(schema): support `enum` validator for number type #8139
+ * feat(update): allow using MongoDB 4.2 update aggregation pipelines, with no Mongoose casting #8225
+ * fix(update): make update validators run on all subpaths when setting a nested path, even omitted subpaths #3587
+ * feat(schema): support setting `_id` as an option to single nested schema paths #8137
+ * feat(query): add Query#mongooseOptions() function #8296
+ * feat(array): make `MongooseArray#push()` support using `$position` #4322
+ * feat(schema): make pojo paths optionally become subdoc instead of Mixed #8228 [captaincaius](https://github.com/captaincaius)
+ * feat(model): add Model.cleanIndexes() to drop non-schema indexes #6676
+ * feat(document): make `updateOne()` document middleware pass `this` to post hooks #8262
+ * feat(aggregate): run pre/post aggregate hooks on `explain()` #5887
+ * docs(model+query): add `session` option to docs for findOneAndX() methods #8396
+
+5.7.14 / 2019-12-06
+===================
+ * fix(cursor): wait until all `eachAsync()` functions finish before resolving the promise #8352
+ * fix(update): handle embedded discriminator paths when discriminator key is defined in the update #8378
+ * fix(schematype): handle passing `message` function to `SchemaType#validate()` as positional arg #8360
+ * fix(map): handle cloning a schema that has a map of subdocuments #8357
+ * docs(schema): clarify that `uppercase`, `lowercase`, and `trim` options for SchemaString don't affect RegExp queries #8333
+
+5.7.13 / 2019-11-29
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.3.5 #8383
+ * fix(model): catch the error when insertMany fails to initialize the document #8365 #8363 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(schema): add array.$, array.$.$ subpaths for nested arrays #6405
+ * docs(error): add more detail about the ValidatorError class, including properties #8346
+ * docs(connection): document `Connection#models` property #8314
+
+5.7.12 / 2019-11-19
+===================
+ * fix: avoid throwing error if calling `push()` on a doc array with no parent #8351 #8317 #8312 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(connection): only buffer for "open" events when calling connection helper while connecting #8319
+ * fix(connection): pull default database from connection string if specified #8355 #8354 [zachazar](https://github.com/zachazar)
+ * fix(populate+discriminator): handle populating document whose discriminator value is different from discriminator model name #8324
+ * fix: add `mongoose.isValidObjectId()` function to test whether Mongoose can cast a value to an objectid #3823
+ * fix(model): support setting `excludeIndexes` as schema option for subdocs #8343
+ * fix: add SchemaMapOptions class for options to map schematype #8318
+ * docs(query): remove duplicate omitUndefined options #8349 [mdumandag](https://github.com/mdumandag)
+ * docs(schema): add Schema#paths docs to public API docs #8340
+
+5.7.11 / 2019-11-14
+===================
+ * fix: update mongodb driver -> 3.3.4 #8276
+ * fix(model): throw readable error when casting bulkWrite update without a 'filter' or 'update' #8332 #8331 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(connection): bubble up connected/disconnected events with unified topology #8338 #8337
+ * fix(model): delete $versionError after saving #8326 #8048 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * test(model): add test for issue #8040 #8341 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+5.7.10 / 2019-11-11
+===================
+ * perf(cursor): remove unnecessary `setTimeout()` in `eachAsync()`, 4x speedup in basic benchmarks #8310
+ * docs(README): re-order sections for better readability #8321 [dandv](https://github.com/dandv)
+ * chore: make npm test not hard-code file paths #8322 [stieg](https://github.com/stieg)
+
+5.7.9 / 2019-11-08
+==================
+ * fix(schema): support setting schema path to an instance of SchemaTypeOptions to fix integration with mongoose-i18n-localize #8297 #8292
+ * fix(populate): make `retainNullValues` set array element to `null` if foreign doc with that id was not found #8293
+ * fix(document): support getter setting virtual on manually populated doc when calling toJSON() #8295
+ * fix(model): allow objects with `toBSON()` to make it to `save()` #8299
+
+5.7.8 / 2019-11-04
+==================
+ * fix(document): allow manually populating path within document array #8273
+ * fix(populate): update top-level `populated()` when updating document array with populated subpaths #8265
+ * fix(cursor): throw error when using aggregation cursor as async iterator #8280
+ * fix(schema): retain `_id: false` in schema after nesting in another schema #8274
+ * fix(document): make Document class an event emitter to support defining documents without models in node #8272
+ * docs: document return types for `.discriminator()` #8287
+ * docs(connection): add note about exporting schemas, not models, in multi connection paradigm #8275
+ * docs: clarify that transforms defined in `toObject()` options are applied to subdocs #8260
+
+5.7.7 / 2019-10-24
+==================
+ * fix(populate): make populate virtual consistently an empty array if local field is only empty arrays #8230
+ * fix(query): allow findOne(objectid) and find(objectid) #8268
+
+5.7.6 / 2019-10-21
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.3.3 to fix issue with failing to connect to a replica set if one member is down #8209
+ * fix(document): fix TypeError when setting a single nested subdoc with timestamps #8251
+ * fix(cursor): fix issue with long-running `eachAsync()` cursor #8249 #8235
+ * fix(connection): ensure repeated `close` events from useUnifiedTopology don't disconnect Mongoose from replica set #8224
+ * fix(document): support calling `Document` constructor directly in Node.js #8237
+ * fix(populate): add document array subpaths to parent doc `populated()` when calling `DocumentArray#push()` #8247
+ * fix(options): add missing minlength and maxlength to SchemaStringOptions #8256
+ * docs: add documentarraypath to API docs, including DocumentArrayPath#discriminator() #8164
+ * docs(schematypes): add a section about the `type` property #8227
+ * docs(api): fix Connection.close return param #8258 [gosuhiman](https://github.com/gosuhiman)
+ * docs: update link to broken image on home page #8253 [krosenk729](https://github.com/krosenk729)
+
+5.7.5 / 2019-10-14
+==================
+ * fix(query): delete top-level `_bsontype` property in queries to prevent silent empty queries #8222
+ * fix(update): handle subdocument pre('validate') errors in update validation #7187
+ * fix(subdocument): make subdocument#isModified use parent document's isModified #8223
+ * docs(index): add favicon to home page #8226
+ * docs: add schema options to API docs #8012
+ * docs(middleware): add note about accessing the document being updated in pre('findOneAndUpdate') #8218
+ * refactor: remove redundant code in ValidationError #8244 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+
+5.7.4 / 2019-10-09
+==================
+ * fix(schema): handle `required: null` and `required: undefined` as `required: false` #8219
+ * fix(update): support updating array embedded discriminator props if discriminator key in $elemMatch #8063
+ * fix(populate): allow accessing populate virtual prop underneath array when virtual defined on top level #8198
+ * fix(model): support passing `options` to `Model.remove()` #8211
+ * fix(document): handle `Document#set()` merge option when setting underneath single nested schema #8201
+ * fix: use options constructor class for all schematypes #8012
+
+5.7.3 / 2019-09-30
+==================
+ * fix: make CoreMongooseArray#includes() handle `fromIndex` parameter #8203
+ * fix(update): cast right hand side of `$pull` as a query instead of an update for document arrays #8166
+ * fix(populate): handle virtual populate of an embedded discriminator nested path #8173
+ * docs(validation): remove deprecated `isAsync` from validation docs in favor of emphasizing promises #8184
+ * docs(documents): add overwriting section #8178
+ * docs(promises): add note about queries being thenable #8110
+ * perf: avoid update validators going into Mixed types #8192 [birdofpreyru](https://github.com/birdofpreyru)
+ * refactor: remove async as a prod dependency #8073
+
+5.7.2 / 2019-09-23
+==================
+ * fix(mongoose): support `mongoose.set('autoIndex', false)` #8158
+ * fix(discriminator): support `tiedValue` parameter for embedded discriminators analagous to top-level discriminators #8164
+ * fix(query): handle `toConstructor()` with entries-style sort syntax #8159
+ * fix(populate): avoid converting mixed paths into arrays if populating an object path under `Mixed` #8157
+ * fix: use $wrapCallback when using promises for mongoose-async-hooks
+ * fix: handle queries with setter that converts value to Number instance #8150
+ * docs: add mongoosejs-cli to readme #8142
+ * docs: fix example typo for Schema.prototype.plugin() #8175 [anaethoss](https://github.com/anaethoss)
+
+5.7.1 / 2019-09-13
+==================
+ * fix(query): fix TypeError when calling `findOneAndUpdate()` with `runValidators` #8151 [fernandolguevara](https://github.com/fernandolguevara)
+ * fix(document): throw strict mode error if setting an immutable path with strict mode: false #8149
+ * fix(mongoose): support passing options object to Mongoose constructor #8144
+ * fix(model): make syncIndexes() handle changes in index key order #8135
+ * fix(error): export StrictModeError as a static property of MongooseError #8148 [ouyuran](https://github.com/ouyuran)
+ * docs(connection+mongoose): add `useUnifiedTopology` option to `connect()` and `openUri()` docs #8146
+
+5.7.0 / 2019-09-09
+==================
+ * feat(document+query): support conditionally immutable schema paths #8001
+ * perf(documentarray): refactor to use ES6 classes instead of mixins, ~30% speedup #7895
+ * feat: use MongoDB driver 3.3.x for MongoDB 4.2 support #8083 #8078
+ * feat(schema+query): add pre('validate') and post('validate') hooks for update validation #7984
+ * fix(timestamps): ensure updatedAt gets incremented consistently using update with and without $set #4768
+ * feat(query): add `Query#get()` to make writing custom setters that handle both queries and documents easier #7312
+ * feat(document): run setters on defaults #8012
+ * feat(document): add `aliases: false` option to `Document#toObject()` #7548
+ * feat(timestamps): support skipping updatedAt and createdAt for individual save() and update() #3934
+ * docs: fix index creation link in guide #8138 [joebowbeer](https://github.com/joebowbeer)
+
+5.6.13 / 2019-09-04
+===================
+ * fix(parallel): fix parallelLimit when fns is empty #8130 #8128 [sibelius](https://github.com/sibelius)
+ * fix(document): ensure nested mixed validator gets called exactly once #8117
+ * fix(populate): handle `justOne = undefined` #8125 [taxilian](https://github.com/taxilian)
+
+5.6.12 / 2019-09-03
+===================
+ * fix(schema): handle required validator correctly with `clone()` #8111
+ * fix(schema): copy schematype getters and setters when cloning #8124 [StphnDamon](https://github.com/StphnDamon)
+ * fix(discriminator): avoid unnecessarily cloning schema to avoid leaking memory on repeated `discriminator()` calls #2874
+ * docs(schematypes): clarify when Mongoose uses `toString()` to convert an object to a string #8112 [TheTrueRandom](https://github.com/TheTrueRandom)
+ * docs(plugins): fix out of date link to npm docs #8100
+ * docs(deprecations): fix typo #8109 [jgcmarins](https://github.com/jgcmarins)
+ * refactor(model): remove dependency on `async.parallelLimit()` for `insertMany()` #8073
+
+5.6.11 / 2019-08-25
+===================
+ * fix(model): allow passing options to `exists()` #8075
+ * fix(document): make `validateUpdatedOnly` option handle pre-existing errors #8091
+ * fix: throw readable error if middleware callback isnt a function #8087
+ * fix: don't throw error if calling `find()` on a nested array #8089
+ * docs(middleware): clarify that you must add middleware before compiling your model #5087
+ * docs(query): add missing options to `setOptions()` #8099
+
+5.6.10 / 2019-08-20
+===================
+ * fix(schema): fix require() path to work around yet another bug in Jest #8053
+ * fix(document): skip casting when initing a populated path #8062
+ * fix(document): prevent double-calling validators on mixed objects with nested properties #8067
+ * fix(query): handle schematype with `null` options when checking immutability #8070 [rich-earth](https://github.com/rich-earth)
+ * fix(schema): support `Schema#path()` to get schema path underneath doc array #8057
+ * docs(faq): add disable color instruction #8066
+
+5.6.9 / 2019-08-07
+==================
+ * fix(model): delete versionError after saving to prevent memory leak #8048
+ * fix(cursor): correctly handle batchSize option with query cursor #8039
+ * fix(populate): handle virtual populate with count = 0 if virtual embedded in doc array #7573
+ * fix(schema): allow declaring ObjectId array with `{ type: 'ObjectID' }`, last 'D' case insensitive #8034
+
+5.6.8 / 2019-08-02
+==================
+ * fix(aggregate): allow modifying pipeline in pre('aggregate') hooks #8017
+ * fix(query): make `findOneAndReplace()` work with `orFail()` #8030
+ * fix(document): allow saving an unchanged document if required populated path is null #8018
+ * fix(debug): support disabling colors in debug mode #8033 [Mangosteen-Yang](https://github.com/Mangosteen-Yang)
+ * docs: add async-await guide #8028 [Rossh87](https://github.com/Rossh87)
+ * docs(plugins): rewrite plugins docs to be more modern and not use strange `= exports` syntax #8026
+ * docs(transactions): clarify relationship between `session` in docs and MongoDB driver ClientSession class, link to driver docs #8009
+
+5.6.7 / 2019-07-26
+==================
+ * fix(document): support validators on nested arrays #7926
+ * fix(timestamps): handle `timestamps: false` in child schema #8007
+ * fix(query): consistently support `new` option to `findOneAndX()` as an alternative to `returnOriginal` #7846
+ * fix(document): make `inspect()` never return `null`, because a document or nested path is never `== null` #7942
+ * docs(query+lean): add links to mongoose-lean-virtuals, mongoose-lean-getters, mongoose-lean-defaults #5606
+ * docs: add example for `Schema#pre(Array)` #8022 [Mangosteen-Yang](https://github.com/Mangosteen-Yang)
+ * docs(schematype): updated comment from Schema.path to proper s.path #8013 [chrisweilacker](https://github.com/chrisweilacker)
+ * chore: upgrade nyc #8015 [kolya182](https://github.com/kolya182)
+
+5.6.6 / 2019-07-22
+==================
+ * fix(populate): handle refPath returning a virtual with `Query#populate()` #7341
+ * fix(populate): handle `refPath` in discriminator when populating top-level model #5109
+ * fix(mongoose): ensure destucturing and named imports work for Mongoose singleton methods like `set()`, etc. #6039
+ * fix(query): add missing options for deleteOne and deleteMany in Query #8004 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(schema): make embedded discriminators `instanceof` their parent types #5005
+ * fix(array): make `validators` a private property that doesn't show up in for/in #6572
+ * docs(api): fix array API docs that vanished because of #7798 #7979
+ * docs(discriminators+api): add single nested discriminator to discriminator docs and API docs #7983
+ * docs(connection+mongoose): make option lists consistent between `mongoose.connect()`, `mongoose.createConnection()`, and `conn.openUri()` #7976
+ * docs(validation): clarify resolve(false) vs reject() for promise-based async custom validators #7761
+ * docs(guide): use correct `mongoose.set()` instead of `mongoose.use()` #7998
+ * docs: add redis cache example #7997 [usama-asfar](https://github.com/usama-asfar)
+
+5.6.5 / 2019-07-17
+==================
+ * fix(document): handle setting non-schema path to ObjectId or Decimal128 if strict: false #7973
+ * fix(connection): remove backwards-breaking multiple mongoose.connect() call for now #7977
+ * fix(schema): print invalid value in error message when a schema path is set to undefined or null #7956
+ * fix(model): throw readable error if calling `new Model.discriminator()` #7957
+ * fix(mongoose): export `cast()` function #7975 [perfectstorm88](https://github.com/perfectstorm88)
+ * docs(model): fix link to Model.inspect() and add example #7990
+ * docs: fix broken anchor links on validation tutorial #7966
+ * docs(api): fix broken links to split API pages #7978
+ * chore: create LICENSE.md #7989 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+5.6.4 / 2019-07-08
+==================
+ * fix(schema): support pre(Array, Function) and post(Array, Function) #7803
+ * fix(document): load docs with a `once` property successfully #7958
+ * fix(queryhelpers): ensure parent `select` overwrites child path `select` if parent is nested #7945
+ * fix(schema): make `clone()` correctly copy array embedded discriminators #7954
+ * fix(update): fix error when update property gets casted to null #7949
+ * fix(connection): bubble up attemptReconnect event for now #7872
+ * docs(tutorials): add virtuals tutorial #7965
+ * docs(connection): add section on connection handling #6997
+
+5.6.3 / 2019-07-03
+==================
+ * fix(document): respect projection when running getters #7940
+ * fix(model): call createCollection() in syncIndexes() to ensure the collection exists #7931
+ * fix(document): consistently use post-order traversal for gathering subdocs for hooks #7929
+ * fix(schema): ensure `Schema#pathType()` returns correct path type given non-existent positional path #7935
+ * fix(ChangeStream): set `closed` if emitting close event #7930
+ * fix(connection): bubble up 'attemptReconnect' event from MongoDB connection #7872
+ * docs: fix broken .jade links on search page #7932
+ * docs: correct link to `Query#select()` #7953 [rayhatfield](https://github.com/rayhatfield)
+ * docs(README): add list of related projects #7773
+
+4.13.19 / 2019-07-02
+====================
+ * fix(aggregate): make `setOptions()` work as advertised #7950 #6011 [cdimitroulas](https://github.com/cdimitroulas)
+
+5.6.2 / 2019-06-28
+==================
+ * fix(update): allow using `update()` with immutable `createdAt` #7917
+ * fix(model): pass `doc` parameter to save() error handling middleware #7832
+ * fix(mongoose): add applyPluginsToChildSchemas option to allow opting out of global plugins for child schemas #7916
+ * docs(connection): document `useCache` option for `useDb()` #7923
+ * docs: fix broken link in FAQ #7925 [christophergeiger3](https://github.com/christophergeiger3)
+
+5.6.1 / 2019-06-24
+==================
+ * fix(update): skip setting defaults for single embedded subdocs underneath maps #7909
+ * fix(document): copy date objects correctly when strict = false #7907
+ * feat(mongoose): throw an error if calling `mongoose.connect()` multiple times while connected #7905 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(document): copies virtuals from array subdocs when casting array of docs with same schema #7898
+ * fix(schema): ensure clone() copies single embedded discriminators correctly #7894
+ * fix(discriminator): merge instead of overwriting conflicting nested schemas in discriminator schema #7884
+ * fix(populate): ignore nullish arguments when calling `populate()` #7913 [rayhatfield](https://github.com/rayhatfield)
+ * docs: add getters/setters tutorial #7919
+ * docs: clean up error docs so they refer to `Error` rather than `MongooseError` #7867
+ * docs: fix a couple broken links #7921 [kizmo04](https://github.com/kizmo04)
+ * refactor: remove unnecessary if #7911 [rayhatfield](https://github.com/rayhatfield)
+
+5.6.0 / 2019-06-14
+==================
+ * feat(schematype): add `immutable` option to disallow changing a given field #7671
+ * docs: split API docs into separate pages to make API documentation more Google-able #7812
+ * perf(array): remove all mixins in favor of ES6 classes, ~20% faster in basic benchmarks #7798
+ * feat(document): use promise rejection error message when async custom validator throws an error #4913
+ * feat(virtual): pass document as 3rd parameter to virtual getters and setters to enable using arrow functions #4143
+ * feat(model): add `Model.exists()` function to quickly check whether a document matching `filter` exists #6872
+ * feat(index+connection): support setting global and connection-level `maxTimeMS`
+ * feat(populate): support setting `ref` to a function for conventional populate #7669
+ * feat(document): add overwrite() function that overwrites all values in a document #7830
+ * feat(populate): support `PopulateOptions#connection` option to allow cross-db populate with refPath #6520
+ * feat(populate): add skipInvalidIds option to silently skip population if id is invalid, instead of throwing #7706
+ * feat(array): skip empty array default if there's a 2dsphere index on a geojson path #3233
+ * feat(query): add `getFilter()` as an alias of `getQuery()` to be more in line with API docs #7839
+ * feat(model): add Model.inspect() to make models not clutter `util.inspect()` #7836
+ * perf(discriminator): skip calling `createIndex()` on indexes that are defined in the base schema #7379
+ * docs: upgrade from Jade to latest Pug #7812
+ * docs(README): update reference to example schema.js #7899 [sharils](https://github.com/sharils)
+ * docs(README): improve variable name #7900 [sharils](https://github.com/sharils)
+ * chore: replace charAt(0) with startsWith #7897 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * chore: replace indexOf with includes, startsWith and endsWith for String #7897 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+5.5.15 / 2019-06-12
+===================
+ * fix(connection): reject initial connect promise even if there is an on('error') listener #7850
+ * fix(map): make `of` automatically convert POJOs to schemas unless typeKey is set #7859
+ * fix(update): use discriminator schema to cast update if discriminator key specified in filter #7843
+ * fix(array): copy atomics from source array #7891 #7889 [jyrkive](https://github.com/jyrkive)
+ * fix(schema): return this when Schema.prototype.add is called with Schema #7887 [Mickael-van-der-Beek](https://github.com/Mickael-van-der-Beek)
+ * fix(document): add `numAffected` and `result` to DocumentNotFoundError for better debugging #7892 #7844
+
+5.5.14 / 2019-06-08
+===================
+ * fix(query): correct this scope of setters in update query #7876 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(model): reset modifiedPaths after successful insertMany #7852 #7873 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(populate): allow using `refPath` with virtual populate #7848
+ * fix(document): prepend private methods getValue and setValue with $ #7870 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix: update mongodb driver -> 3.2.7 #7871 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs(tutorials): add tutorial about custom casting functions #7045
+ * docs(connection): fix outdated events document #7874 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs: fix typo in lean docs #7875 [tannakartikey](https://github.com/tannakartikey)
+ * docs: move off of KeenIO for tracking and use self-hosted analytics instead
+
+5.5.13 / 2019-06-05
+===================
+ * fix(model): support passing deleteOne options #7860 #7857 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(update): run setters on array elements when doing $addToSet, $push, etc #4185
+ * fix(model): support getting discriminator by value when creating a new model #7851
+ * docs(transactions): add section about the `withTransaction()` helper #7598
+ * docs(schema): clarify relationship between Schema#static() and Schema#statics #7827
+ * docs(model): fix typo `projetion` to `projection` #7868 [dfdeagle47](https://github.com/dfdeagle47)
+ * docs(schema): correct schema options lists #7828
+
+5.5.12 / 2019-05-31
+===================
+ * fix(document): fix unexpected error when loading a document with a nested property named `schema` #7831
+ * fix(model): skip applying static hooks by default if static name conflicts with query middleware (re: mongoose-delete plugin) #7790
+ * fix(query): apply schema-level projections to the result of `findOneAndReplace()` #7654
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.2.6
+ * docs(tutorials): add findOneAndUpdate() tutorial #7847
+ * docs(validation): add `updateOne()` and `updateMany()` to list of update validator operations #7845
+ * docs(model): make sure options lists in `update()` API line up #7842
+
+5.5.11 / 2019-05-23
+===================
+ * fix(discriminator): allow numeric discriminator keys for embedded discriminators #7808
+ * chore: add Node.js 12 to travis build matrix #7784
+
+5.5.10 / 2019-05-20
+===================
+ * fix(discriminator): allow user-defined discriminator path in schema #7807
+ * fix(query): ensure `findOneAndReplace()` sends `replacement` to server #7654
+ * fix(cast): allow `[]` as a value when casting `$nin` #7806
+ * docs(model): clarify that setters do run on `update()` by default #7801
+ * docs: fix typo in FAQ #7821 [jaona](https://github.com/jaona)
+
+5.5.9 / 2019-05-16
+==================
+ * fix(query): skip schema setters when casting $regexp $options #7802 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(populate): don't skip populating doc array properties whose name conflicts with an array method #7782
+ * fix(populate): make populated virtual return undefined if not populated #7795
+ * fix(schema): handle custom setters in arrays of document arrays #7804 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs(tutorials): add query casting tutorial #7789
+
+5.5.8 / 2019-05-13
+==================
+ * fix(document): run pre save hooks on nested child schemas #7792
+ * fix(model): set $session() before validation middleware for bulkWrite/insertMany #7785 #7769 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(query): make `getPopulatedPaths()` return deeply populated paths #7757
+ * fix(query): suppress findAndModify deprecation warning when using `Model.findOneAndUpdate()` #7794
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.2.4 #7794
+ * fix(document): handle a couple edge cases with atomics that happen when schema defines an array property named 'undefined' #7756
+ * docs(discriminator): correct function parameters #7786 [gfpacheco](https://github.com/gfpacheco)
+
+5.5.7 / 2019-05-09
+==================
+ * fix(model): set $session() before pre save middleware runs when calling save() with options #7742
+ * fix(model): set $session before pre remove hooks run when calling remove() with options #7742
+ * fix(schema): support `remove()` on nested path #2398
+ * fix(map): handle setting populated map element to doc #7745
+ * fix(query): return rawResult when inserting with options `{new:false,upsert:true,rawResult:true}` #7774 #7770 [LiaanM](https://github.com/LiaanM)
+ * fix(schematype): remove internal `validators` option because it conflicts with Backbone #7720
+
+5.5.6 / 2019-05-06
+==================
+ * fix(document): stop converting arrays to objects when setting non-schema path to array with strict: false #7733
+ * fix(array): make two Mongoose arrays `assert.deepEqual()` each other if they have the same values #7700
+ * fix(populate): support populating a path in a document array embedded in an array #7647
+ * fix(populate): set populate virtual count to 0 if local field is empty #7731
+ * fix(update): avoid throwing cast error if casting array filter that isn't in schema with strictQuery = false #7728
+ * docs: fix typo in `distinct()` description #7767 [phil-r](https://github.com/phil-r)
+
+5.5.5 / 2019-04-30
+==================
+ * fix(document): ensure nested properties within single nested subdocs get set correctly when overwriting single nested subdoc #7748
+ * fix(document): skip non-object `validators` in schema types #7720
+ * fix: bump mongodb driver -> 3.2.3 #7752
+ * fix(map): disallow setting map key with special properties #7750 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+5.5.4 / 2019-04-25
+==================
+ * fix(document): avoid calling custom getters when saving #7719
+ * fix(timestamps): handle child schema timestamps correctly when reusing child schemas #7712
+ * fix(query): pass correct callback for _legacyFindAndModify #7736 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(model+query): allow setting `replacement` parameter for `findOneAndReplace()` #7654
+ * fix(map): make `delete()` unset the key in the database #7746 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(array): use symbol for `_schema` property to avoid confusing deep equality checks #7700
+ * fix(document): prevent `depopulate()` from removing fields with empty array #7741 #7740 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix: make `MongooseArray#includes` support ObjectIds #7732 #6354 [hansemannn](https://github.com/hansemannn)
+ * fix(document): report correct validation error index when pushing onto doc array #7744 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+5.5.3 / 2019-04-22
+==================
+ * fix: add findAndModify deprecation warning that references the useFindAndModify option #7644
+ * fix(document): handle pushing a doc onto a discriminator that contains a doc array #7704
+ * fix(update): run setters on array elements when doing $set #7679
+ * fix: correct usage of arguments while buffering commands #7718 [rzymek](https://github.com/rzymek)
+ * fix(document): avoid error clearing modified subpaths if doc not defined #7715 [bitflower](https://github.com/bitflower)
+ * refactor(array): move `_parent` property behind a symbol #7726 #7700
+ * docs(model): list out all operations and options for `bulkWrite()` #7055
+ * docs(aggregate): use `eachAsync()` instead of nonexistent `each()` #7699
+ * docs(validation): add CastError validation example #7514
+ * docs(query+model): list out all options and callback details for Model.updateX() and Query#updateX() #7646
+
+5.5.2 / 2019-04-16
+==================
+ * fix(document): support setting nested path to non-POJO object #7639
+ * perf(connection): remove leaked event handler in `Model.init()` so `deleteModel()` frees all memory #7682
+ * fix(timestamps): handle custom statics that conflict with built-in functions (like mongoose-delete plugin) #7698
+ * fix(populate): make `Document#populated()` work for populated subdocs #7685
+ * fix(document): support `.set()` on document array underneath embedded discriminator path #7656
+
+5.5.1 / 2019-04-11
+==================
+ * fix(document): correctly overwrite all properties when setting a single nested subdoc #7660 #7681
+ * fix(array): allow customization of array required validator #7696 [freewil](https://github.com/freewil)
+ * fix(discriminator): handle embedded discriminators when casting array defaults #7687
+ * fix(collection): ensure collection functions return a promise even if disconnected #7676
+ * fix(schematype): avoid indexing properties with `{ unique: false, index: false }` #7620
+ * fix(aggregate): make `Aggregate#model()` with no arguments return the aggregation's model #7608
+
+5.5.0 / 2019-04-08
+==================
+ * feat(model): support applying hooks to custom static functions #5982
+ * feat(populate): support specifying a function as `match` #7397
+ * perf(buffer): avoid calling `defineProperties()` in Buffer constructor #7331
+ * feat(connection): add `plugin()` for connection-scoped plugins #7378
+ * feat(model): add Model#deleteOne() and corresponding hooks #7538
+ * feat(query): support hooks for `Query#distinct()` #5938
+ * feat(model): print warning when calling create() incorrectly with a session #7535
+ * feat(document): add Document#isEmpty() and corresponding helpers for nested paths #5369
+ * feat(document): add `getters` option to Document#get() #7233
+ * feat(query): add Query#projection() to get or overwrite the current projection #7384
+ * fix(document): set full validator path on validatorProperties if `propsParameter` set on validator #7447
+ * feat(document): add Document#directModifiedPaths() #7373
+ * feat(document): add $locals property #7691
+ * feat(document): add validateUpdatedOnly option that only validates modified paths in `save()` #7492 [captaincaius](https://github.com/captaincaius)
+ * chore: upgrade MongoDB driver to v3.2.0 #7641
+ * fix(schematype): deprecate `isAsync` option for custom validators #6700
+ * chore(mongoose): deprecate global.MONGOOSE_DRIVER_PATH so we can be webpack-warning-free in 6.0 #7501
+
+5.4.23 / 2019-04-08
+===================
+ * fix(document): report cast error when string path in schema is an array in MongoDB #7619
+ * fix(query): set deletedCount on result of remove() #7629
+ * docs(subdocs): add note about parent() and ownerDocument() to subdocument docs #7576
+
+5.4.22 / 2019-04-04
+===================
+ * fix(aggregate): allow modifying options in pre('aggregate') hook #7606
+ * fix(map): correctly init maps of maps when loading from MongoDB #7630
+ * docs(model+query): add `omitUndefined` option to docs for updateX() and findOneAndX() #3486
+ * docs: removed duplicate Query.prototype.merge() reference from doc #7684 [shihabmridha](https://github.com/shihabmridha)
+ * docs(schema): fix shardKey type to object instead of bool #7668 [kyletsang](https://github.com/kyletsang)
+ * docs(api): fix `Model.prototypedelete` link #7665 [pixcai](https://github.com/pixcai)
+
+5.4.21 / 2019-04-02
+===================
+ * fix(updateValidators): run update validators correctly on Decimal128 paths #7561
+ * fix(update): cast array filters in nested doc arrays correctly #7603
+ * fix(document): allow .get() + .set() with aliased paths #7592
+ * fix(document): ensure custom getters on single nested subdocs don't get persisted if toObject.getters = true #7601
+ * fix(document): support setting subdoc path to subdoc copied using object rest `{...doc}` #7645
+ * docs(schema): correct out-of-date list of reserved words #7593
+ * docs(model+query): add link to update results docs and examples of using results of updateOne(), etc. #7582
+ * docs: use atomic as opposed to $atomic consistently #7649 [720degreeLotus](https://github.com/720degreeLotus)
+
+5.4.20 / 2019-03-25
+===================
+ * docs(tutorials): add tutorial about `lean()` #7640
+ * fix(discriminator): fix wrong modelName being used as value to partialFilterExpression index #7635 #7634 [egorovli](https://github.com/egorovli)
+ * fix(document): allow setters to modify `this` when overwriting single nested subdoc #7585
+ * fix(populate): handle count option correctly with multiple docs #7573
+ * fix(date): support declaring min/max validators as functions #7600 [ChienDevIT](https://github.com/ChienDevIT)
+ * fix(discriminator): avoid projecting in embedded discriminator if only auto-selected path is discriminator key #7574
+ * fix(discriminator): use discriminator model when using `new BaseModel()` with discriminator key #7586
+ * fix(timestamps): avoid throwing if doc array has timestamps and array is undefined #7625 [serg33v](https://github.com/serg33v)
+ * docs(document): explain DocumentNotFoundError in save() docs #7580
+ * docs(query): fix .all() param type and add example #7612 [720degreeLotus](https://github.com/720degreeLotus)
+ * docs: add useNewUrlParser to mongoose.connect for some pages #7615 [YC](https://github.com/YC)
+
+5.4.19 / 2019-03-11
+===================
+ * fix(mongoose): ensure virtuals set on subdocs in global plugins get applied #7572
+ * docs(tutorials): add "Working With Dates" tutorial #7597
+ * docs(guide): clarify that versioning only affects array fields #7555
+ * docs(model): list out all bulkWrite() options #7550
+
+5.4.18 / 2019-03-08
+===================
+ * fix(document): handle nested virtuals in populated docs when parent path is projected out #7491
+ * fix(model): make subclassed models handle discriminators correctly #7547
+ * fix(model): remove $versionError from save options for better debug output #7570
+
+5.4.17 / 2019-03-03
+===================
+ * fix(update): handle all positional operator when casting array filters #7540
+ * fix(populate): handle populating nested path where top-level path is a primitive in the db #7545
+ * fix(update): run update validators on array filters #7536
+ * fix(document): clean modified subpaths when sorting an array #7556
+ * fix(model): cast $setOnInsert correctly with nested docs #7534
+ * docs: remove extra curly brace from example #7569 [kolya182](https://github.com/kolya182)
+
+5.4.16 / 2019-02-26
+===================
+ * fix(schema): handle nested objects with `_id: false` #7524
+ * fix(schema): don't throw error if declaring a virtual that starts with a map path name #7464
+ * fix(browser): add stubbed `model()` function so code that uses model doesn't throw #7541 [caub](https://github.com/caub)
+ * fix(schema): merge virtuals correctly #7563 [yoursdearboy](https://github.com/yoursdearboy)
+ * docs(connections): add reconnectFailed to connection docs #7477
+ * docs(index): fix typo #7553 [DenrizSusam](https://github.com/DenrizSusam)
+ * refactor(schema): iterate over paths instead of depending on childSchemas #7554
+
+5.4.15 / 2019-02-22
+===================
+ * fix(update): don't call schematype validators on array if using $pull with runValidators #6971
+ * fix(schema): clone all schema types when cloning an array #7537
+ * docs(connections): improve connectTimeoutMS docs and socketTimeoutMS docs to link to Node.js net.setTimeout() #5169
+ * docs: fix setters example in migration guide #7546 [freewil](https://github.com/freewil)
+
+5.4.14 / 2019-02-19
+===================
+ * fix(populate): make `getters` option handle nested paths #7521
+ * fix(documentarray): report validation errors that occur in an array subdoc created using `create()` and then `set()` #7504
+ * docs(schema): add examples for schema functions that didn't have any #7525
+ * docs: add MongooseError to API docs and add list of error names
+ * docs(CONTRIBUTING): fix link #7530 [sarpik](https://github.com/sarpik)
+
+5.4.13 / 2019-02-15
+===================
+ * fix(query): throw handy error when using updateOne() with overwrite: true and no dollar keys #7475
+ * fix(schema): support inheriting existing schema types using Node.js `util.inherits` like mongoose-float #7486
+ * docs(connections): add list of connection events #7477
+
+5.4.12 / 2019-02-13
+===================
+ * fix(connection): dont emit reconnected due to socketTimeoutMS #7452
+ * fix(schema): revert check for `false` schema paths #7516 #7512
+ * fix(model): don't delete unaliased keys in translateAliases #7510 [chrischen](https://github.com/chrischen)
+ * fix(document): run single nested schematype validator if nested path has a default and subpath is modified #7493
+ * fix(query): copy mongoose options when using `Query#merge()` #1790
+ * fix(timestamps): don't call createdAt getters when setting updatedAt on new doc #7496
+ * docs: improve description of ValidationError #7515 [JulioJu](https://github.com/JulioJu)
+ * docs: add an asterisk before comment, otherwise the comment line is not generated #7513 [JulioJu](https://github.com/JulioJu)
+
+5.4.11 / 2019-02-09
+===================
+ * fix(schema): handle `_id: false` in schema paths as a shortcut for setting the `_id` option to `false` #7480
+ * fix(update): handle $addToSet and $push with ObjectIds and castNonArrays=false #7479
+ * docs(model): document `session` option to `save()` #7484
+ * chore: fix gitignore syntax #7498 [JulioJu](https://github.com/JulioJu)
+ * docs: document that Document#validateSync returns ValidationError #7499
+ * refactor: use consolidated `isPOJO()` function instead of constructor checks #7500
+
+5.4.10 / 2019-02-05
+===================
+ * docs: add search bar and /search page #6706
+ * fix: support dotted aliases #7478 [chrischen](https://github.com/chrischen)
+ * fix(document): copy atomics when setting document array to an existing document array #7472
+ * chore: upgrade to mongodb driver 3.1.13 #7488
+ * docs: remove confusing references to executing a query "immediately" #7461
+ * docs(guides+schematypes): link to custom schematypes docs #7407
+
+5.4.9 / 2019-02-01
+==================
+ * fix(document): make `remove()`, `updateOne()`, and `update()` use the document's associated session #7455
+ * fix(document): support passing args to hooked custom methods #7456
+ * fix(document): avoid double calling single nested getters on `toObject()` #7442
+ * fix(discriminator): handle global plugins modifying top-level discriminator options with applyPluginsToDiscriminators: true #7458
+ * docs(documents): improve explanation of documents and use more modern syntax #7463
+ * docs(middleware+api): fix a couple typos in examples #7474 [arniu](https://github.com/arniu)
+
+5.4.8 / 2019-01-30
+==================
+ * fix(query): fix unhandled error when casting object in array filters #7431
+ * fix(query): cast query $elemMatch to discriminator schema if discriminator key set #7449
+ * docs: add table of contents to all guides #7430
+
+5.4.7 / 2019-01-26
+==================
+ * fix(populate): set `populated()` when using virtual populate #7440
+ * fix(discriminator): defer applying plugins to embedded discriminators until model compilation so global plugins work #7435
+ * fix(schema): report correct pathtype underneath map so setting dotted paths underneath maps works #7448
+ * fix: get debug from options using the get helper #7451 #7446 [LucGranato](https://github.com/LucGranato)
+ * fix: use correct variable name #7443 [esben-semmle](https://github.com/esben-semmle)
+ * docs: fix broken QueryCursor link #7438 [shihabmridha](https://github.com/shihabmridha)
+
+5.4.6 / 2019-01-22
+==================
+ * fix(utils): make minimize leave empty objects in arrays instead of setting the array element to undefined #7322
+ * fix(document): support passing `{document, query}` options to Schema#pre(regex) and Schema#post(regex) #7423
+ * docs: add migrating to 5 guide to docs #7434
+ * docs(deprecations): add instructions for fixing `count()` deprecation #7419
+ * docs(middleware): add description and example for aggregate hooks #7402
+
+4.13.18 / 2019-01-21
+====================
+ * fix(model): handle setting populated path set via `Document#populate()` #7302
+ * fix(cast): backport fix from #7290 to 4.x
+
+5.4.5 / 2019-01-18
+==================
+ * fix(populate): handle nested array `foreignField` with virtual populate #7374
+ * fix(query): support not passing any arguments to `orFail()` #7409
+ * docs(query): document what the resolved value for `deleteOne()`, `deleteMany()`, and `remove()` contains #7324
+ * fix(array): allow opting out of converting non-arrays into arrays with `castNonArrays` option #7371
+ * fix(query): ensure updateOne() doesnt unintentionally double call Schema#post(regexp) #7418
+
+5.4.4 / 2019-01-14
+==================
+ * fix(query): run casting on arrayFilters option #7079
+ * fix(document): support skipping timestamps on save() with `save({ timestamps: false })` #7357
+ * fix(model): apply custom where on `Document#remove()` so we attach the shardKey #7393
+ * docs(mongoose): document `mongoose.connections` #7338
+
+5.4.3 / 2019-01-09
+==================
+ * fix(populate): handle `count` option when using `Document#populate()` on a virtual #7380
+ * fix(connection): set connection state to DISCONNECTED if replica set has no primary #7330
+ * fix(mongoose): apply global plugins to schemas nested underneath embedded discriminators #7370
+ * fix(document): make modifiedPaths() return nested paths 1 level down on initial set #7313
+ * fix(plugins): ensure sharding plugin works even if ObjectId has a `valueOf()` #7353
+
+5.4.2 / 2019-01-03
+==================
+ * fix(document): ensure Document#updateOne() returns a query but still calls hooks #7366
+ * fix(query): allow explicitly projecting out populated paths that are automatically projected in #7383
+ * fix(document): support setting `flattenMaps` option for `toObject()` and `toJSON()` at schema level #7274
+ * fix(query): handle merging objectids with `.where()` #7360
+ * fix(schema): copy `.base` when cloning #7377
+ * docs: remove links to plugins.mongoosejs.com in favor of plugins.mongoosejs.io #7364
+
+5.4.1 / 2018-12-26
+==================
+ * fix(document): ensure doc array defaults get casted #7337
+ * fix(document): make `save()` not crash if nested doc has a property 'get' #7316
+ * fix(schema): allow using Schema.Types.Map as well as Map to declare a map type #7305
+ * fix(map): make set after init mark correct path as modified #7321
+ * fix(mongoose): don't recompile model if same collection and schema passed in to `mongoose.model()` #5767
+ * fix(schema): improve error message when type is invalid #7303
+ * fix(schema): add `populated` to reserved property names #7317
+ * fix(model): don't run built-in middleware on custom methods and ensure timestamp hooks don't run if children don't have timestamps set #7342
+ * docs(schematypes): clarify that you can add arbitrary options to a SchemaType #7340
+ * docs(mongoose): clarify that passing same name+schema to `mongoose.model()` returns the model #5767
+ * docs(index): add useNewUrlParser to example #7368 [JIBIN-P](https://github.com/JIBIN-P)
+ * docs(connection): add useNewUrlParser to examples #7362 [JIBIN-P](https://github.com/JIBIN-P)
+ * docs(discriminators): add back missing example from 'recursive embedded discriminators section' #7349
+ * docs(schema): improve docs for string and boolean cast() #7351
+
+5.4.0 / 2018-12-14
+==================
+ * feat(schematype): add `SchemaType.get()`, custom getters across all instances of a schematype #6912
+ * feat(schematype): add `SchemaType.cast()`, configure casting for individual schematypes #7045
+ * feat(schematype): add `SchemaType.checkRequired()`, configure what values pass `required` check for a schematype #7186 #7150
+ * feat(model): add `Model.findOneAndReplace()` #7162
+ * feat(model): add `Model.events` emitter that emits all `error`'s that occur with a given model #7125
+ * feat(populate): add `count` option to populate virtuals, support returning # of populated docs instead of docs themselves #4469
+ * feat(aggregate): add `.catch()` helper to make aggregations full thenables #7267
+ * feat(query): add hooks for `deleteOne()` and `deleteMany()` #7195
+ * feat(document): add hooks for `updateOne()` #7133
+ * feat(query): add `Query#map()` for synchronously transforming results before post middleware runs #7142
+ * feat(schema): support passing an array of objects or schemas to `Schema` constructor #7218
+ * feat(populate): add `clone` option to ensure multiple docs don't share the same populated doc #3258
+ * feat(query): add `Query#maxTimeMS()` helper #7254
+ * fix(query): deprecate broken `Aggregate#addCursorFlag()` #7120
+ * docs(populate): fix incorrect example #7335 [zcfan](https://github.com/zcfan)
+ * docs(middleware): add `findOneAndDelete` to middleware list #7327 [danielkesselberg](https://github.com/danielkesselberg)
+
+5.3.16 / 2018-12-11
+===================
+ * fix(document): handle `__proto__` in queries #7290
+ * fix(document): use Array.isArray() instead of checking constructor name for arrays #7290
+ * docs(populate): add section about what happens when no document matches #7279
+ * fix(mongoose): avoid crash on `import mongoose, {Schema} from 'mongoose'` #5648
+
+5.3.15 / 2018-12-05
+===================
+ * fix(query): handle `orFail()` with `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndDelete()` #7297 #7280
+ * fix(document): make `save()` succeed if strict: false with a `collection` property #7276
+ * fix(document): add `flattenMaps` option for toObject() #7274
+ * docs(document): document flattenMaps option #7274
+ * fix(populate): support populating individual subdoc path in document array #7273
+ * fix(populate): ensure `model` option overrides `refPath` #7273
+ * fix(map): don't call subdoc setters on init #7272
+ * fix(document): use internal get() helper instead of lodash.get to support `null` projection param #7271
+ * fix(document): continue running validateSync() for all elements in doc array after first error #6746
+
+5.3.14 / 2018-11-27
+===================
+ * docs(api): use `openUri()` instead of legacy `open()` #7277 [artemjackson](https://github.com/artemjackson)
+ * fix(document): don't mark date underneath single nested as modified if setting to string #7264
+ * fix(update): set timestamps on subdocs if not using $set with no overwrite #7261
+ * fix(document): use symbol instead of `__parent` so user code doesn't conflict #7230
+ * fix(mongoose): allow using `mongoose.model()` without context, like `import {model} from 'mongoose'` #3768
+
+5.3.13 / 2018-11-20
+===================
+ * fix: bump mongodb driver -> 3.1.10 #7266
+ * fix(populate): support setting a model as a `ref` #7253
+ * docs(schematype): add ref() function to document what is a valid `ref` path in a schematype #7253
+ * fix(array): clean modified subpaths when calling `splice()` #7249
+ * docs(compatibility): don't show Mongoose 4.11 as compatible with MongoDB 3.6 re: MongoDB's official compatibility table #7248 [a-harrison](https://github.com/a-harrison)
+ * fix(document): report correct validation error if doc array set to primitive #7242
+ * fix(mongoose): print warning when including server-side lib with jest jsdom environment #7240
+
+5.3.12 / 2018-11-13
+===================
+ * docs(compatibility): don't show Mongoose 4.11 as compatible with MongoDB 3.6 re: MongoDB's official compatibility table #7238 [a-harrison](https://github.com/a-harrison)
+ * fix(populate): use `instanceof` rather than class name for comparison #7237 [ivanseidel](https://github.com/ivanseidel)
+ * docs(api): make options show up as a nested list #7232
+ * fix(document): don't mark array as modified on init if doc array has default #7227
+ * docs(api): link to bulk write result object in `bulkWrite()` docs #7225
+
+5.3.11 / 2018-11-09
+===================
+ * fix(model): make parent pointers non-enumerable so they don't crash JSON.stringify() #7220
+ * fix(document): allow saving docs with nested props with '.' using `checkKeys: false` #7144
+ * docs(lambda): use async/await with lambda example #7019
+
+5.3.10 / 2018-11-06
+===================
+ * fix(discriminator): support reusing a schema for multiple discriminators #7200
+ * fix(cursor): handle `lean(false)` correctly with query cursors #7197
+ * fix(document): avoid manual populate if `ref` not set #7193
+ * fix(schema): handle schema without `.base` for browser build #7170
+ * docs: add further reading section
+
+5.3.9 / 2018-11-02
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade bson dep -> 1.1.0 to match mongodb-core #7213 [NewEraCracker](https://github.com/NewEraCracker)
+ * docs(api): fix broken anchor link #7210 [gfranco93](https://github.com/gfranco93)
+ * fix: don't set parent timestamps because a child has timestamps set to false #7203 #7202 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): run setter only once when doing `.set()` underneath a single nested subdoc #7196
+ * fix(document): surface errors in subdoc pre validate #7187
+ * fix(query): run default functions after hydrating the loaded document #7182
+ * fix(query): handle strictQuery: 'throw' with nested path correctly #7178
+ * fix(update): update timestamps on replaceOne() #7152
+ * docs(transactions): add example of aborting a transaction #7113
+
+5.3.8 / 2018-10-30
+==================
+ * fix: bump mongodb driver -> 3.1.8 to fix connecting to +srv uri with no credentials #7191 #6881 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): sets defaults correctly in child docs with projection #7159
+ * fix(mongoose): handle setting custom type on a separate mongoose global #7158
+ * fix: add unnecessary files to npmignore #7157
+ * fix(model): set session when creating new subdoc #7104
+
+5.3.7 / 2018-10-26
+==================
+ * fix(browser): fix buffer usage in browser build #7184 #7173 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): make depopulate() work on populate virtuals and unpopulated docs #7180 #6075 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): only pass properties as 2nd arg to custom validator if `propsParameter` set #7145
+ * docs(schematypes): add note about nested paths with `type` getting converted to mixed #7143
+ * fix(update): run update validators on nested doc when $set on an array #7135
+ * fix(update): copy exact errors from array subdoc validation into top-level update validator error #7135
+
+5.3.6 / 2018-10-23
+==================
+ * fix(cursor): fix undefined transforms error
+
+5.3.5 / 2018-10-22
+==================
+ * fix(model): make sure versionKey on `replaceOne()` always gets set at top level to prevent cast errors #7138
+ * fix(cursor): handle non-boolean lean option in `eachAsync()` #7137
+ * fix(update): correct cast update that overwrites a map #7111
+ * fix(schema): handle arrays of mixed correctly #7109
+ * fix(query): use correct path when getting schema for child timestamp update #7106
+ * fix(document): make `$session()` propagate sessions to child docs #7104
+ * fix(document): handle user setting `schema.options.strict = 'throw'` #7103
+ * fix(types): use core Node.js buffer prototype instead of safe-buffer because safe-buffer is broken for Node.js 4.x #7102
+ * fix(document): handle setting single doc with refPath to document #7070
+ * fix(model): handle array filters when updating timestamps for subdocs #7032
+
+5.3.4 / 2018-10-15
+==================
+ * fix(schema): make `add()` and `remove()` return the schema instance #7131 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(query): don't require passing model to `cast()` #7118
+ * fix: support `useFindAndModify` as a connection-level option #7110 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): handle plus path projection with virtual populate #7050
+ * fix(schema): allow using ObjectId type as schema path type #7049
+ * docs(schematypes): elaborate on how schematypes relate to types #7049
+ * docs(deprecations): add note about gridstore deprecation #6922
+ * docs(guide): add storeSubdocValidationError option to guide #6802
+
+5.3.3 / 2018-10-12
+==================
+ * fix(document): enable storing mongoose validation error in MongoDB by removing `$isValidatorError` property #7127
+ * docs(api): clarify that aggregate triggers aggregate middleware #7126 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(connection): handle Model.init() when an index exists on schema + autoCreate == true #7122 [jesstelford](https://github.com/jesstelford)
+ * docs(middleware): explain how to switch between document and query hooks for `remove()` #7093
+ * docs(api): clean up encoding issues in SchemaType.prototype.validate docs #7091
+ * docs(schema): add schema types to api docs and update links on schematypes page #7080 #7076 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(model): expand model constructor docs with examples and `fields` param #7077
+ * docs(aggregate): remove incorrect description of noCursorTimeout and add description of aggregate options #7056
+ * docs: re-add array type to API docs #7027
+ * docs(connections): add note about `members.host` errors due to bad host names in replica set #7006
+
+5.3.2 / 2018-10-07
+==================
+ * fix(query): make sure to return correct result from `orFail()` #7101 #7099 [gsandorx](https://github.com/gsandorx)
+ * fix(schema): handle `{ timestamps: false }` correctly #7088 #7074 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs: fix markdown in options.useCreateIndex documentation #7085 [Cyral](https://github.com/Cyral)
+ * docs(schema): correct field name in timestamps example #7082 [kizmo04](https://github.com/kizmo04)
+ * docs(migrating_to_5): correct markdown syntax #7078 [gwuah](https://github.com/gwuah)
+ * fix(connection): add useFindAndModify option in connect #7059 [NormanPerrin](https://github.com/NormanPerrin)
+ * fix(document): dont mark single nested path as modified if setting to the same value #7048
+ * fix(populate): use WeakMap to track lean populate models rather than leanPopulateSymbol #7026
+ * fix(mongoose): avoid unhandled rejection when `mongoose.connect()` errors with a callback #6997
+ * fix(mongoose): isolate Schema.Types between custom Mongoose instances #6933
+
+5.3.1 / 2018-10-02
+==================
+ * fix(ChangeStream): expose driver's `close()` function #7068 #7022 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(model): avoid printing warning if `_id` index is set to "hashed" #7053
+ * fix(populate): handle nested populate underneath lean array correctly #7052
+ * fix(update): make timestamps not crash on a null or undefined update #7041
+ * docs(schematypes+validation): clean up links from validation docs to schematypes docs #7040
+ * fix(model): apply timestamps to nested docs in bulkWrite() #7032
+ * docs(populate): rewrite refPath docs to be simpler and more direct #7013
+ * docs(faq): explain why destructuring imports are not supported in FAQ #7009
+
+5.3.0 / 2018-09-28
+==================
+ * feat(mongoose): support `mongoose.set('debug', WritableStream)` so you can pipe debug to stderr, file, or network #7018
+ * feat(query): add useNestedStrict option #6973 #5144 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * feat(query): add getPopulatedPaths helper to Query.prototype #6970 #6677 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * feat(model): add `createCollection()` helper to make transactions easier #6948 #6711 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * feat(schema): add ability to do `schema.add(otherSchema)` to merge hooks, virtuals, etc. #6897
+ * feat(query): add `orFail()` helper that throws an error if no documents match `filter` #6841
+ * feat(mongoose): support global toObject and toJSON #6815
+ * feat(connection): add deleteModel() to remove a model from a connection #6813
+ * feat(mongoose): add top-level mongoose.ObjectId, mongoose.Decimal128 for easier schema declarations #6760
+ * feat(aggregate+query): support for/await/of (async iterators) #6737
+ * feat(mongoose): add global `now()` function that you can stub for testing timestamps #6728
+ * feat(schema): support `schema.pre(RegExp, fn)` and `schema.post(RegExp, fn)` #6680
+ * docs(query): add better docs for the `mongooseOptions()` function #6677
+ * feat(mongoose): add support for global strict object #6858
+ * feat(schema+mongoose): add autoCreate option to automatically create collections #6489
+ * feat(update): update timestamps on nested subdocs when using `$set` #4412
+ * feat(query+schema): add query `remove` hook and ability to switch between query `remove` and document `remove` middleware #3054
+
+5.2.18 / 2018-09-27
+===================
+ * docs(migrating_to_5): add note about overwriting filter properties #7030
+ * fix(query): correctly handle `select('+c')` if c is not in schema #7017
+ * fix(document): check path exists before checking for required #6974
+ * fix(document): retain user-defined key order on initial set with nested docs #6944
+ * fix(populate): handle multiple localFields + foreignFields using `localField: function() {}` syntax #5704
+
+5.2.17 / 2018-09-21
+===================
+ * docs(guide): clarify that Mongoose only increments versionKey on `save()` and add a workaround for `findOneAndUpdate()` #7038
+ * fix(model): correctly handle `createIndex` option to `ensureIndexes()` #7036 #6922 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(migrating_to_5): add a note about changing debug output from stderr to stdout #7034 #7018 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(query): add `setUpdate()` to allow overwriting update without changing op #7024 #7012 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(update): find top-level version key even if there are `$` operators in the update #7003
+ * docs(model+query): explain which operators `count()` supports that `countDocuments()` doesn't #6911
+
+5.2.16 / 2018-09-19
+===================
+ * fix(index): use dynamic require only when needed for better webpack support #7014 #7010 [jaydp17](https://github.com/jaydp17)
+ * fix(map): handle arrays of mixed maps #6995
+ * fix(populate): leave justOne as null if populating underneath a Mixed type #6985
+ * fix(populate): add justOne option to allow overriding any bugs with justOne #6985
+ * fix(query): add option to skip adding timestamps to an update #6980
+ * docs(model+schematype): improve docs about background indexes and init() #6966
+ * fix: bump mongodb -> 3.1.6 to allow connecting to srv url without credentials #6955 #6881 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(connection): allow specifying `useCreateIndex` at the connection level, overrides global-level #6922
+ * fix(schema): throw a helpful error if setting `ref` to an invalid value #6915
+
+5.2.15 / 2018-09-15
+===================
+ * fix(populate): handle virtual justOne correctly if it isn't set #6988
+ * fix(populate): consistently use lowercase `model` instead of `Model` so double-populating works with existing docs #6978
+ * fix(model): allow calling `Model.init()` again after calling `dropDatabase()` #6967
+ * fix(populate): find correct justOne when double-populating underneath an array #6798
+ * docs(webpack): make webpack docs use es2015 preset for correct libs and use acorn to test output is valid ES5 #6740
+ * fix(populate): add selectPopulatedPaths option to opt out of auto-adding `populate()`-ed fields to `select()` #6546
+ * fix(model): set timestamps on bulkWrite `insertOne` and `replaceOne` #5708
+
+5.2.14 / 2018-09-09
+===================
+ * docs: fix wording on promise docs to not imply queries only return promises #6983 #6982 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(map): throw TypeError if keys are not string #6956
+ * fix(document): ensure you can `validate()` a child doc #6931
+ * fix(populate): avoid cast error if refPath points to localFields with 2 different types #6870
+ * fix(populate): handle populating already-populated paths #6839
+ * fix(schematype): make ObjectIds handle refPaths when checking required #6714
+ * fix(model): set timestamps on bulkWrite() updates #5708
+
+5.2.13 / 2018-09-04
+===================
+ * fix(map): throw TypeError if keys are not string #6968 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(update): make array op casting work with strict:false and {} #6962 #6952 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): add doc.deleteOne(), doc.updateOne(), doc.replaceOne() re: deprecation warnings #6959 #6940 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(faq+schematypes): add note about map keys needing to be strings #6957 #6956 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(schematype): remove unused if statement #6950 #6949 [cacothi](https://github.com/cacothi)
+ * docs: add /docs/deprecations.html for dealing with MongoDB driver deprecation warnings #6922
+ * fix(populate): handle refPath where first element in array has no refPath #6913
+ * fix(mongoose): allow setting useCreateIndex option after creating a model but before initial connection succeeds #6890
+ * fix(updateValidators): ensure $pull validators always get an array #6889
+
+5.2.12 / 2018-08-30
+===================
+ * fix(document): disallow setting `constructor` and `prototype` if strict mode false
+
+4.13.17 / 2018-08-30
+====================
+ * fix(document): disallow setting `constructor` and `prototype` if strict mode false
+
+5.2.11 / 2018-08-30
+===================
+ * fix(document): disallow setting __proto__ if strict mode false
+ * fix(document): run document middleware on docs embedded in maps #6945 #6938 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(query): make castForQuery return a CastError #6943 #6927 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(query): use correct `this` scope when casting query with legacy 2dsphere pairs defined in schema #6939 #6937 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(document): avoid crash when calling `get()` on deeply nested subdocs #6929 #6925 [jakemccloskey](https://github.com/jakemccloskey)
+ * fix(plugins): make saveSubdocs execute child post save hooks _after_ the actual save #6926
+ * docs: add dbName to api docs for .connect() #6923 [p722](https://github.com/p722)
+ * fix(populate): convert to array when schema specifies array, even if doc doesn't have an array #6908
+ * fix(populate): handle `justOne` virtual populate underneath array #6867
+ * fix(model): dont set versionKey on upsert if it is already `$set` #5973
+
+4.13.16 / 2018-08-30
+====================
+ * fix(document): disallow setting __proto__ if strict mode false
+ * feat(error): backport adding modified paths to VersionError #6928 [freewil](https://github.com/freewil)
+
+5.2.10 / 2018-08-27
+===================
+ * fix: bump mongodb driver -> 3.1.4 #6920 #6903 #6884 #6799 #6741 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(model): track `session` option for `save()` as the document's `$session()` #6909
+ * fix(query): add Query.getOptions() helper #6907 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(document): ensure array atomics get cleared after save() #6900
+ * fix(aggregate): add missing redact and readConcern helpers #6895 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix: add global option `mongoose.set('useCreateIndex', true)` to avoid ensureIndex deprecation warning #6890
+ * fix(query): use `projection` option to avoid deprecation warnings #6888 #6880 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(query): use `findOneAndReplace()` internally if using `overwrite: true` with `findOneAndUpdate()` #6888 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(document): ensure required cache gets cleared correctly between subsequent saves #6892
+ * fix(aggregate): support session chaining correctly #6886 #6885 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(query): use `projection` instead of `fields` internally for `find()` and `findOne()` to avoid deprecation warning #6880
+ * fix(populate): add `getters` option to opt in to calling getters on populate #6844
+
+5.2.9 / 2018-08-17
+==================
+ * fix(document): correctly propagate write concern options in save() #6877 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.1.3 for numerous fixes #6869 #6843 #6692 #6670 [simllll](https://github.com/simllll)
+ * fix: correct `this` scope of default functions for DocumentArray and Array #6868 #6840 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(types): support casting JSON form of buffers #6866 #6863 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(query): get global runValidators option correctly #6865 #6578
+ * fix(query): add Query.prototype.setQuery() analogous to `getQuery()` #6855 #6854
+ * docs(connections): add note about the `family` option for IPv4 vs IPv6 and add port to example URIs #6784
+ * fix(query): get global runValidators option correctly #6578
+
+4.13.15 / 2018-08-14
+====================
+ * fix(mongoose): add global `usePushEach` option for easier Mongoose 4.x + MongoDB 3.6 #6858
+ * chore: fix flakey tests for 4.x #6853 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * feat(error): add version number to VersionError #6852 [freewil](https://github.com/freewil)
+
+5.2.8 / 2018-08-13
+==================
+ * docs: update `execPopulate()` code example #6851 [WJakub](https://github.com/WJakub)
+ * fix(document): allow passing callback to `execPopulate()` #6851
+ * fix(populate): populate with undefined fields without error #6848 #6845 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs(migrating_to_5): Add `objectIdGetter` option docs #6842 [jwalton](https://github.com/jwalton)
+ * chore: run lint in parallel and only on Node.js v10 #6836 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(populate): throw helpful error if refPath excluded in query #6834
+ * docs(migrating_to_5): add note about removing runSettersOnQuery #6832
+ * fix: use safe-buffer to avoid buffer deprecation errors in Node.js 10 #6829 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs(query): fix broken links #6828 [yaynick](https://github.com/yaynick)
+ * docs(defaults): clarify that defaults only run on undefined #6827
+ * chore: fix flakey tests #6824 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs: fix custom inspect function deprecation warning in Node.js 10 #6821 [yelworc](https://github.com/yelworc)
+ * fix(document): ensure subdocs get set to init state after save() so validators can run again #6818
+ * fix(query): make sure embedded query casting always throws a CastError #6803
+ * fix(document): ensure `required` function only gets called once when validating #6801
+ * docs(connections): note that you must specify port if using `useNewUrlParser: true` #6789
+ * fix(populate): support `options.match` in virtual populate schema definition #6787
+ * fix(update): strip out virtuals from updates if strict: 'throw' rather than returning an error #6731
+
+5.2.7 / 2018-08-06
+==================
+ * fix(model): check `expireAfterSeconds` option when diffing indexes in syncIndexes() #6820 #6819 [christopherhex](https://github.com/christopherhex)
+ * chore: fix some common test flakes in travis #6816 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * chore: bump eslint and webpack to avoid bad versions of eslint-scope #6814
+ * test(model): add delay to session tests to improve pass rate #6811 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(model): support options in `deleteMany` #6810 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix(query): don't use $each when pushing an array into an array #6809 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * chore: bump mquery so eslint isn't a prod dependency #6800
+ * fix(populate): correctly get schema type when calling `populate()` on already populated path #6798
+ * fix(populate): propagate readConcern options in populate from parent query #6792 #6785 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs(connection): add description of useNewUrlParser option #6789
+ * fix(query): make select('+path') a no-op if no select prop in schema #6785
+ * docs(schematype+validation): document using function syntax for custom validator message #6772
+ * fix(update): throw CastError if updating with `$inc: null` #6770
+ * fix(connection): throw helpful error when calling `createConnection(undefined)` #6763
+
+5.2.6 / 2018-07-30
+==================
+ * fix(document): don't double-call deeply nested custom getters when using `get()` #6779 #6637
+ * fix(query): upgrade mquery for readConcern() helper #6777
+ * docs(schematypes): clean up typos #6773 [sajadtorkamani](https://github.com/sajadtorkamani)
+ * refactor(browser): fix webpack warnings #6771 #6705
+ * fix(populate): make error reported when no `localField` specified catchable #6767
+ * docs(connection): use correct form in createConnection example #6766 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(connection): throw helpful error when using legacy `mongoose.connect()` syntax #6756
+ * fix(document): handle overwriting `$session` in `execPopulate()` #6754
+ * fix(query): propagate top-level session down to `populate()` #6754
+ * fix(aggregate): add `session()` helper for consistency with query api #6752
+ * fix(map): avoid infinite recursion when update overwrites a map #6750
+ * fix(model): be consistent about passing noop callback to mongoose.model() `init()` as well as db.model() #6707
+
+5.2.5 / 2018-07-23
+==================
+ * fix(boolean): expose `convertToTrue` and `convertToFalse` for custom boolean casting #6758
+ * docs(schematypes): add note about what values are converted to booleans #6758
+ * fix(document): fix(document): report castError when setting single nested doc to array #6753
+ * docs: prefix mongoose.Schema call with new operator #6751 [sajadtorkamani](https://github.com/sajadtorkamani)
+ * docs(query): add examples and links to schema writeConcern option for writeConcern helpers #6748
+ * docs(middleware): clarify that init middleware is sync #6747
+ * perf(model): create error rather than modifying stack for source map perf #6735
+ * fix(model): throw helpful error when passing object to aggregate() #6732
+ * fix(model): pass Model instance as context to applyGetters when calling getters for virtual populate #6726 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(documentarray): remove `isNew` and `save` listeners on CastError because otherwise they never get removed #6723
+ * docs(model+query): clarify when to use `countDocuments()` vs `estimatedDocumentCount()` #6713
+ * fix(populate): correctly set virtual nestedSchemaPath when calling populate() multiple times #6644
+ * docs(connections): add note about the `family` option for IPv4 vs IPv6 and add port to example URIs #6566
+
+5.2.4 / 2018-07-16
+==================
+ * docs: Model.insertMany rawResult option in api docs #6724 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs: fix typo on migrating to 5 guide #6722 [iagowp](https://github.com/iagowp)
+ * docs: update doc about keepalive #6719 #6718 [simllll](https://github.com/simllll)
+ * fix: ensure debug mode doesn't crash with sessions #6712
+ * fix(document): report castError when setting single nested doc to primitive value #6710
+ * fix(connection): throw helpful error if using `new db.model(foo)(bar)` #6698
+ * fix(model): throw readable error with better stack trace when non-cb passed to $wrapCallback() #6640
+
+5.2.3 / 2018-07-11
+==================
+ * fix(populate): if a getter is defined on the localField, use it when populating #6702 #6618 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(schema): add example of nested aliases #6671
+ * fix(query): add `session()` function to queries to avoid positional argument mistakes #6663
+ * docs(transactions): use new session() helper to make positional args less confusing #6663
+ * fix(query+model+schema): add support for `writeConcern` option and writeConcern helpers #6620
+ * docs(guide): add `writeConcern` option and re-add description for `safe` option #6620
+ * docs(schema): fix broken API links #6619
+ * docs(connections): add information re: socketTimeoutMS and connectTimeoutMS #4789
+
+5.2.2 / 2018-07-08
+==================
+ * fix(model+query): add missing estimatedDocumentCount() function #6697
+ * docs(faq): improve array-defaults section #6695 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(model): fix countDocuments() docs, bad copy/paste from count() docs #6694 #6643
+ * fix(connection): add `startSession()` helper to connection and mongoose global #6689
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.1.1 for countDocuments() fix #6688 #6666
+ * docs(compatibility): add MongoDB 4 range #6685
+ * fix(populate): add ability to define refPath as a function #6683 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs: add rudimentary transactions guide #6672
+ * fix(update): make setDefaultsOnInsert handle nested subdoc updates with deeply nested defaults #6665
+ * docs: use latest acquit-ignore to handle examples that start with acquit:ignore:start #6657
+ * fix(validation): format `properties.message` as well as `message` #6621
+
+5.2.1 / 2018-07-03
+==================
+ * fix(connection): allow setting the mongodb driver's useNewUrlParser option, default to false #6656 #6648 #6647
+ * fix(model): only warn on custom _id index if index only has _id key #6650
+
+5.2.0 / 2018-07-02
+==================
+ * feat(model): add `countDocuments()` #6643
+ * feat(model): make ensureIndexes() fail if specifying an index on _id #6605
+ * feat(mongoose): add `objectIdGetter` option to remove ObjectId.prototype._id #6588
+ * feat: upgrade mongodb -> 3.1.0 for full MongoDB 4.0 support #6579
+ * feat(query): support `runValidators` as a global option #6578
+ * perf(schema): use WeakMap instead of array for schema stack #6503
+ * feat(model): decorate unique discriminator indexes with partialFilterExpressions #6347
+ * feat(model): add `syncIndexes()`, drops indexes that aren't in schema #6281
+ * feat(document): add default getter/setter if virtual doesn't have one #6262
+ * feat(discriminator): support discriminators on nested doc arrays #6202
+ * feat(update): add `Query.prototype.set()` #5770
+
+5.1.8 / 2018-07-02
+==================
+ * fix: don't throw TypeError if calling save() after original save() failed with push() #6638 [evanhenke](https://github.com/evanhenke)
+ * fix(query): add explain() helper and don't hydrate explain output #6625
+ * docs(query): fix `setOptions()` lists #6624
+ * docs: add geojson docs #6607
+ * fix: bump mongodb -> 3.0.11 to avoid cyclic dependency error with retryWrites #6109
+
+5.1.7 / 2018-06-26
+==================
+ * docs: add npm badge to readme #6623 [VFedyk](https://github.com/VFedyk)
+ * fix(document): don't throw parallel save error if post save hooks in parallel #6614 #6611 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): allow dynamic ref to handle >1 model getModelsMapForPopulate #6613 #6612 [jimmytsao](https://github.com/jimmytsao)
+ * fix(document): handle `push()` on triple nested document array #6602
+ * docs(validation): improve update validator doc headers #6577 [joeytwiddle](https://github.com/joeytwiddle)
+ * fix(document): handle document arrays in `modifiedPaths()` with includeChildren option #5904
+
+5.1.6 / 2018-06-19
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.0.10
+ * docs(model+document): clarify that `save()` returns `undefined` if passed a callback #6604 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(schema): apply alias when adding fields with .add() #6593
+ * docs: add full list of guides and streamline nav #6592
+ * docs(model): add `projection` option to `findOneAndUpdate()` #6590 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs: support @static JSDoc declaration #6584
+ * fix(query): use boolean casting logic for $exists #6581
+ * fix(query): cast all $text options to correct values #6581
+ * fix(model): add support synchronous pre hooks for `createModel` #6552 [profbiss](https://github.com/profbiss)
+ * docs: add note about the `applyPluginsToDiscriminators` option #4965
+
+5.1.5 / 2018-06-11
+==================
+ * docs(guide): rework query helper example #6575 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): handle virtual populate with embedded discriminator under single nested subdoc #6571
+ * docs: add string option to projections that call query select #6563 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * style: use ES6 in collection.js #6560 [l33ds](https://github.com/l33ds)
+ * fix(populate): add virtual ref function ability getModelsMapForPopulate #6559 #6554 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(queries): fix link #6557 [sun1x](https://github.com/sun1x)
+ * fix(schema): rename indexes -> getIndexes to avoid webpack duplicate declaration #6547
+ * fix(document): support `toString()` as custom method #6538
+ * docs: add @instance for instance methods to be more compliant with JSDoc #6516 [treble-snake](https://github.com/treble-snake)
+ * fix(populate): avoid converting to map when using mongoose-deep-populate #6460
+ * docs(browser): create new browser docs page #6061
+
+5.1.4 / 2018-06-04
+==================
+ * docs(faq): add hr tags for parallel save error #6550 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(connection): fix broken link #6545 [iblamefish](https://github.com/iblamefish)
+ * fix(populate): honor subpopulate options #6539 #6528 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): allow population of refpath under array #6537 #6509 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(query): dont treat $set the same as the other ops in update casting #6535 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix: bump async -> 2.6.1 #6534 #6505 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix: support using a function as validation error message #6530 [lucandrade](https://github.com/lucandrade)
+ * fix(populate): propagate `lean()` down to subpopulate #6498 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * docs(lambda): add info on what happens if database does down between lambda function calls #6409
+ * fix(update): allow updating embedded discriminator path if discriminator key is in filter #5841
+
+5.1.3 / 2018-05-28
+==================
+ * fix(document): support set() on path underneath array embedded discriminator #6526
+ * chore: update lodash and nsp dev dependencies #6514 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix(document): throw readable error when saving the same doc instance more than once in parallel #6511 #6456 #4064 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): set correct nestedSchemaPath for virtual underneath embedded discriminator #6501 #6487 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(query): add section on promises and warning about not mixing promises and callbacks #6495
+ * docs(connection): add concrete example of connecting to multiple hosts #6492 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): handle virtual populate under single nested doc under embedded discriminator #6488
+ * fix(schema): collect indexes from embedded discriminators for autoIndex build #6485
+ * fix(document): handle `doc.set()` underneath embedded discriminator #6482
+ * fix(document): handle set() on path under embedded discriminator with object syntax #6482
+ * fix(document): handle setting nested property to object with only non-schema properties #6436
+
+4.13.14 / 2018-05-25
+====================
+ * fix(model): handle retainKeyOrder option in findOneAndUpdate() #6484
+
+5.1.2 / 2018-05-21
+==================
+ * docs(guide): add missing SchemaTypes #6490 [distancesprinter](https://github.com/distancesprinter)
+ * fix(map): make MongooseMap.toJSON return a serialized object #6486 #6478 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(query): make CustomQuery inherit from model.Query for hooks #6483 #6455 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): prevent default falses from being skipped by $__dirty #6481 #6477 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(connection): document `useDb()` #6480
+ * fix(model): skip redundant clone in insertMany #6479 [d1manson](https://github.com/d1manson)
+ * fix(aggregate): let replaceRoot accept objects as well as strings #6475 #6474 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(model): clarify `emit()` in mapReduce and how map/reduce are run #6465
+ * fix(populate): flatten array to handle multi-level nested `refPath` #6457
+ * fix(date): cast small numeric strings as years #6444 [AbdelrahmanHafez](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez)
+ * fix(populate): remove unmatched ids when using virtual populate on already hydrated document #6435
+ * fix(array): use custom array class to avoid clobbered property names #6431
+ * fix(model): handle hooks for custom methods that return promises #6385
+
+4.13.13 / 2018-05-17
+====================
+ * fix(update): stop clobbering $in when casting update #6441 #6339
+ * fix: upgrade async -> 2.6.0 re: security warning
+
+5.1.1 / 2018-05-14
+==================
+ * docs(schema): add notes in api and guide about schema.methods object #6470 #6440 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(error): add modified paths to VersionError #6464 #6433 [paglias](https://github.com/paglias)
+ * fix(populate): only call populate with full param signature when match is not present #6458 #6451 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs: fix geoNear link in migration guide #6450 [kawache](https://github.com/kawache)
+ * fix(discriminator): throw readable error when `create()` with a non-existent discriminator key #6434
+ * fix(populate): add `retainNullValues` option to avoid stripping out null keys #6432
+ * fix(populate): handle populate in embedded discriminators underneath nested paths #6411
+ * docs(model): add change streams and ToC, make terminology more consistent #5888
+
+5.1.0 / 2018-05-10
+==================
+ * feat(ObjectId): add `_id` getter so you can get a usable id whether or not the path is populated #6415 #6115
+ * feat(model): add Model.startSession() #6362
+ * feat(document): add doc.$session() and set session on doc after query #6362
+ * feat: add Map type that supports arbitrary keys #6287 #681
+ * feat: add `cloneSchemas` option to mongoose global to opt in to always cloning schemas before use #6274
+ * feat(model): add `findOneAndDelete()` and `findByIdAndDelete()` #6164
+ * feat(document): support `$ignore()` on single nested and array subdocs #6152
+ * feat(document): add warning about calling `save()` on subdocs #6152
+ * fix(model): make `save()` use `updateOne()` instead of `update()` #6031
+ * feat(error): add version number to VersionError #5966
+ * fix(query): allow `[]` as a value for `$in` when casting #5913
+ * fix(document): avoid running validators on single nested paths if only a child path is modified #5885
+ * feat(schema): print warning if method conflicts with mongoose internals #5860
+
+5.0.18 / 2018-05-09
+===================
+ * fix(update): stop clobbering $in when casting update #6441 #6339 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 3.0.8 to fix session issue #6437 #6357 [simllll](https://github.com/simllll)
+ * fix: upgrade bson -> 1.0.5 re: https://snyk.io/vuln/npm:bson:20180225 #6423 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix: look for `valueOf()` when casting to Decimal128 #6419 #6418 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix: populate array of objects with space separated paths #6414 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * test: add coverage for `mongoose.pluralize()` #6412 [FastDeath](https://github.com/FastDeath)
+ * fix(document): avoid running default functions on init() if path has value #6410
+ * fix(document): allow saving document with `null` id #6406
+ * fix: prevent casting of populated docs in document.init #6390 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix: remove `toHexString()` helper that was added in 5.0.15 #6359
+
+5.0.17 / 2018-04-30
+===================
+ * docs(migration): certain chars in passwords may cause connection failures #6401 [markstos](https://github.com/markstos)
+ * fix(document): don't throw when `push()` on a nested doc array #6398
+ * fix(model): apply hooks to custom methods if specified #6385
+ * fix(schema): support opting out of one timestamp field but not the other for `insertMany()` #6381
+ * fix(documentarray): handle `required: true` within documentarray definition #6364
+ * fix(document): ensure `isNew` is set before default functions run on init #3793
+
+5.0.16 / 2018-04-23
+===================
+ * docs(api): sort api methods based on their string property #6374 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(connection): fix typo in `createCollection()` #6370 [mattc41190](https://github.com/mattc41190)
+ * docs(document): remove vestigial reference to `numAffected` #6367 [ekulabuhov](https://github.com/ekulabuhov)
+ * docs(schema): fix typo #6366 [dhritzkiv](https://github.com/dhritzkiv)
+ * docs(schematypes): add missing `minlength` and `maxlength` docs #6365 [treble-snake](https://github.com/treble-snake)
+ * docs(queries): fix formatting #6360 [treble-snake](https://github.com/treble-snake)
+ * docs(api): add cursors to API docs #6353 #6344 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(aggregate): remove reference to non-existent `.select()` method #6346
+ * fix(update): handle `required` array with update validators and $pull #6341
+ * fix(update): avoid setting __v in findOneAndUpdate if it is `$set` #5973
+
+5.0.15 / 2018-04-16
+===================
+ * fix: add ability for casting from number to decimal128 #6336 #6331 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(middleware): enumerate the ways to error out in a hook #6315
+ * fix(document): respect schema-level depopulate option for toObject() #6313
+ * fix: bump mongodb driver -> 3.0.6 #6310
+ * fix(number): check for `valueOf()` function to support Decimal.js #6306 #6299 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(query): run array setters on query if input value is an array #6277
+ * fix(versioning): don't require matching version when using array.pull() #6190
+ * fix(document): add `toHexString()` function so you don't need to check whether a path is populated to get an id #6115
+
+5.0.14 / 2018-04-09
+===================
+ * fix(schema): clone aliases and alternative option syntax correctly
+ * fix(query): call utils.toObject in query.count like in query.find #6325 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(populate): add middleware examples #6320 [BorntraegerMarc](https://github.com/BorntraegerMarc)
+ * docs(compatibility): fix dead link #6319 [lacivert](https://github.com/lacivert)
+ * docs(api): fix markdown parsing for parameters #6318 #6314 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): handle space-delimited paths in array populate #6296 #6284 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(populate): support basic virtual populate underneath embedded discriminators #6273
+
+5.0.13 / 2018-04-05
+===================
+ * docs(faq): add middleware to faq arrow function warning #6309 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(schema): add example to loadClass() docs #6308
+ * docs: clean up misc typos #6304 [sfrieson](https://github.com/sfrieson)
+ * fix(document): apply virtuals when calling `toJSON()` on a nested path #6294
+ * refactor(connection): use `client.db()` syntax rather than double-parsing the URI #6292 #6286
+ * docs: document new behavior of required validator for arrays #6288 [daltones](https://github.com/daltones)
+ * fix(schema): treat set() options as user-provided options #6274
+ * fix(schema): clone discriminators correctly #6274
+ * fix(update): make setDefaultsOnInsert not create subdoc if only default is id #6269
+ * docs(discriminator): clarify 3rd argument to Model.discriminator() #2596
+
+5.0.12 / 2018-03-27
+===================
+ * docs(query): updating model name in query API docs #6280 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs: fix typo in tests #6275 [styler](https://github.com/styler)
+ * fix: add missing `.hint()` to aggregate #6272 #6251 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * docs(api): add headers to each API docs section for easer nav #6261
+ * fix(query): ensure hooked query functions always run on next tick for chaining #6250
+ * fix(populate): ensure populated array not set to null if it isn't set #6245
+ * fix(connection): set readyState to disconnected if initial connection fails #6244 #6131
+ * docs(model): make `create()` params show up correctly in docs #6242
+ * fix(model): make error handlers work with MongoDB server errors and `insertMany()` #6228
+ * fix(browser): ensure browser document builds defaults for embedded arrays correctly #6175
+ * fix(timestamps): set timestamps when using `updateOne()` and `updateMany()` #6282 [gualopezb](https://github.com/gualopezb)
+
+5.0.11 / 2018-03-19
+===================
+ * fix(update): handle $pull with $in in update validators #6240
+ * fix(query): don't convert undefined to null when casting so driver `ignoreUndefined` option works #6236
+ * docs(middleware): add example of using async/await with middleware #6235
+ * fix(populate): apply justOne option before `completeMany()` so it works with lean() #6234
+ * fix(query): ensure errors in user callbacks aren't caught in init #6195 #6178
+ * docs(connections): document dbName option for Atlas connections #6179
+ * fix(discriminator): make child schema nested paths overwrite parent schema paths #6076
+
+4.13.12 / 2018-03-13
+====================
+ * fix(document): make virtual get() return undefined instead of null if no getters #6223
+ * docs: fix url in useMongoClient error message #6219 #6217 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(discriminator): don't copy `discriminators` property from base schema #6122 #6064
+
+5.0.10 / 2018-03-12
+===================
+ * docs(schematype): add notes re: running setters on queries #6209
+ * docs: fix typo #6208 [kamagatos](https://github.com/kamagatos)
+ * fix(query): only call setters once on query filter props for findOneAndUpdate and findOneAndRemove #6203
+ * docs: elaborate on connection string changes in migration guide #6193
+ * fix(document): skip applyDefaults if subdoc is null #6187
+ * docs: fix schematypes docs and link to them #6176
+ * docs(faq): add FAQs re: array defaults and casting aggregation pipelines #6184 #6176 #6170 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(document): ensure primitive defaults are set and built-in default functions run before setters #6155
+ * fix(query): handle single embedded embedded discriminators in castForQuery #6027
+
+5.0.9 / 2018-03-05
+==================
+ * perf: bump mongodb -> 3.0.4 to fix SSL perf issue #6065
+
+5.0.8 / 2018-03-03
+==================
+ * docs: remove obsolete references to `emitIndexErrors` #6186 [isaackwan](https://github.com/isaackwan)
+ * fix(query): don't cast findOne() until exec() so setters don't run twice #6157
+ * fix: remove document_provider.web.js file #6186
+ * fix(discriminator): support custom discriminator model names #6100 [wentout](https://github.com/wentout)
+ * fix: support caching calls to `useDb()` #6036 [rocketspacer](https://github.com/rocketspacer)
+ * fix(query): add omitUndefined option so setDefaultsOnInsert can kick in on undefined #6034
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.0.3 for reconnectTries: 0 blocking process exit fix #6028
+
+5.0.7 / 2018-02-23
+==================
+ * fix: support eachAsync options with aggregation cursor #6169 #6168 [vichle](https://github.com/vichle)
+ * docs: fix link to MongoDB compound indexes docs #6162 [br0p0p](https://github.com/br0p0p)
+ * docs(aggregate): use eachAsync instead of incorrect `each()` #6160 [simllll](https://github.com/simllll)
+ * chore: fix benchmarks #6158 [pradel](https://github.com/pradel)
+ * docs: remove dead link to old blog post #6154 [markstos](https://github.com/markstos)
+ * fix: don't convert dates to numbers when updating mixed path #6146 #6145 [s4rbagamble](https://github.com/s4rbagamble)
+ * feat(aggregate): add replaceRoot, count, sortByCount helpers #6142 [jakesjews](https://github.com/jakesjews)
+ * fix(document): add includedChildren flag to modifiedPaths() #6134
+ * perf: don't create wrapper function if no hooks specified #6126
+ * fix(schema): allow indexes on single nested subdocs for geoJSON #6113
+ * fix(document): allow depopulating all fields #6073
+ * feat(mongoose): add support for `useFindAndModify` option on singleton #5616
+
+5.0.6 / 2018-02-15
+==================
+ * refactor(query.castUpdate): avoid creating error until necessary #6137
+ * docs(api): fix missing api docs #6136 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix(schema): copy virtuals when using `clone()` #6133
+ * fix(update): avoid digging into buffers with upsert and replaceOne #6124
+ * fix(schema): support `enum` on arrays of strings #6102
+ * fix(update): cast `$addToSet: [1, 2]` -> `$addToSet: { $each: [1, 2] }` #6086
+
+5.0.5 / 2018-02-13
+==================
+ * docs: make > show up correctly in API docs #6114
+ * fix(query): support `where()` overwriting primitive with object #6097
+ * fix(schematype): don't run internal `resetId` setter on queries with _id #6093
+ * fix(discriminator): don't copy `discriminators` property from base schema #6064
+ * fix(utils): respect `valueOf()` when merging object for update #6059
+ * docs(validation): fix typo 'maxLength' #4720
+ * fix(document): apply defaults after setting initial value so default functions don't see empty doc #3781
+
+5.0.4 / 2018-02-08
+==================
+ * docs: add lambda guide #6107
+ * fix(connection): add `dbName` option to work around `mongodb+srv` not supporting db name in URI #6106
+ * fix(schematype): fix regexp typo in ObjectId #6098 [JoshuaWise](https://github.com/JoshuaWise)
+ * perf(document): re-use the modifiedPaths list #6092 [tarun1793](https://github.com/tarun1793)
+ * fix: use console.info() instead of console.error() for debug output #6088 [yuristsepaniuk](https://github.com/yuristsepaniuk)
+ * docs(validation): clean up runValidators and isAsync options docs for 5.x #6083
+ * docs(model): use array instead of spread consistently for aggregate() #6070
+ * fix(schema): make aliases handle mongoose-lean-virtuals #6069
+ * docs(layout): add link to subdocs guide #6056
+ * fix(query): make strictQuery: true strip out fields that aren't in the schema #6032
+ * docs(guide): add notes for `strictQuery` option #6032
+
+4.13.11 / 2018-02-07
+====================
+ * docs: fix links in 4.x docs #6081
+ * chore: add release script that uses --tag for npm publish for 4.x releases #6063
+
+5.0.3 / 2018-01-31
+==================
+ * fix: consistently use process.nextTick() to avoid sinon.useFakeTimers() causing ops to hang #6074
+ * docs(aggregate): fix typo #6072 [adursun](https://github.com/adursun)
+ * chore: add return type to `mongoose.model()` docs [bryant1410](https://github.com/bryant1410)
+ * fix(document): depopulate push()-ed docs when saving #6048
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 3.0.2 #6019
+
+5.0.2 / 2018-01-28
+==================
+ * fix(schema): do not overwrite default values in schema when nested timestamps are provided #6024 [cdeveas](https://github.com/cdeveas)
+ * docs: fix syntax highlighting in models.jade, schematypes.jade, subdocs.jade #6058 [lineus](https://github.com/lineus)
+ * fix: use lazy loading so we can build mongoose with webpack #5993 #5842
+ * docs(connections): clarify multi-mongos with useMongoClient for 4.x docs #5984
+ * fix(populate): handle populating embedded discriminator paths #5970
+
+4.13.10 / 2018-01-28
+====================
+ * docs(model+query): add lean() option to Model helpers #5996 [aguyinmontreal](https://github.com/aguyinmontreal)
+ * fix: use lazy loading so we can build mongoose with webpack #5993 #5842
+ * docs(connections): clarify multi-mongos with useMongoClient for 4.x docs #5984
+ * fix(populate): handle populating embedded discriminator paths #5970
+ * docs(query+aggregate): add more detail re: maxTimeMS #4066
+
+5.0.1 / 2018-01-19
+==================
+ * fix(document): make validate() not resolve to document #6014
+ * fix(model): make save() not return DocumentNotFoundError if using fire-and-forget writes #6012
+ * fix(aggregate): make options() work as advertised #6011 [spederiva](https://github.com/spederiva)
+ * docs(queries): fix code samples #6008
+
+5.0.0 / 2018-01-17
+==================
+ * test: refactor tests to use start fewer connections #5985 [fenanquin](https://github.com/fenanquin)
+ * feat: add global bufferCommands option #5879
+ * docs: new docs site and build system #5976
+ * test: increase timeout on slow test cases #5968 [fenanquin](https://github.com/fenanquin)
+ * fix: avoid casting out array filter elements #5965
+ * feat: add Model.watch() wrapper #5964
+ * chore: replace istanbul with nyc #5962 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+
+4.13.9 / 2018-01-07
+===================
+ * chore: update marked (dev dependency) re: security vulnerability #5951 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.2.34 for ipv6 and autoReconnect fixes #5794 #5760
+ * docs: use useMongooseAggCursor for aggregate docs #2955
+
+5.0.0-rc2 / 2018-01-04
+======================
+ * fix: add cleaner warning about no longer needing `useMongoClient` in 5.x #5961
+ * chore: update acquit -> 0.5.1 for minor security patch #5961 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * docs: add docs for mongoose 4.x at http://mongoosejs.com/docs/4.x #5959
+ * docs: add link to migration guide #5957
+ * chore: update eslint to version 4.14.0 #5955 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * chore: update mocha to version 4.1.0 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+
+5.0.0-rc1 / 2018-01-02
+======================
+ * fix(index): use pluralize correctly for `mongoose.model()` #5958
+ * fix: make mquery use native promises by default #5945
+ * fix(connection): ensure 'joined' and 'left' events get bubbled up #5944
+
+5.0.0-rc0 / 2017-12-28
+======================
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: always use mongoose aggregation cursor when using `.aggregate().cursor()` #5941
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: attach query middleware when compiling model #5939
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: `emitIndexErrors` is on by default, failing index build will throw uncaught error if not handled #5910
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove precompiled browser bundle #5895
+ * feat: add `mongoose.pluralize()` function #5877
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove `passRawResult` option for `findOneAndUpdate`, use `rawResult` #5869
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: implicit async validators (based on number of function args) are removed, return a promise instead #5824
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: fail fast if user sets a unique index on `_id` #5820 [varunjayaraman](https://github.com/varunjayaraman)
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: mapReduce resolves to an object with 2 keys rather than 2 separate args #5816
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: `mongoose.connect()` returns a promise, removed MongooseThenable #5796
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: query stream removed, use `cursor()` instead #5795
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: connection `open()` and `openSet()` removed, use `openUri()` instead #5795
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: use MongoDB driver 3.0.0, drop support for MongoDB server < 3.0.0 #5791 #4740
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove support for `$pushAll`, remove `usePushEach` option #5670
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: make date casting use native Date #5395 [varunjayaraman](https://github.com/varunjayaraman)
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove `runSettersOnQuery`, always run setters on query #5340
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: array of length 0 now satisfies `required: true` for arays #5139 [wlingke](https://github.com/wlingke)
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove `saveErrorIfNotFound`, always error out if `save()` did not update a document #4973
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: don't execute getters in reverse order #4835
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: make boolean casting more strict #4245
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: `toObject()` and `toJSON()` option parameter merges with defaults rather than overwriting #4131
+ * feat: allow setting `default` on `_id` #4069
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: `deleteX()` and `remove()` promise resolves to the write object result #4013
+ * feat: support returning a promise from middleware functions #3779
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: don't return a promise if callback specified #3670
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: only cast `update()`, `updateX()`, `replaceOne()`, `remove()`, `deleteX()` in exec #3529
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: sync errors in middleware functions are now handled #3483
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: post hooks get flow control #3232
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: deduplicate hooks when merging discriminator schema #2945
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: use native promises by default, remove support for mpromise #2917
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove `retainKeyOrder`, always use forward order when iterating through objects #2749
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: `aggregate()` no longer accepts a spread #2716
+
+4.13.8 / 2017-12-27
+===================
+ * docs(guide): use more up-to-date syntax for autoIndex example #5933
+ * docs: fix grammar #5927 [abagh0703](https://github.com/abagh0703)
+ * fix: propagate lean options to child schemas #5914
+ * fix(populate): use correct model with discriminators + nested populate #5858
+
+4.13.7 / 2017-12-11
+===================
+ * docs(schematypes): fix typo #5889 [gokaygurcan](https://github.com/gokaygurcan)
+ * fix(cursor): handle `reject(null)` with eachAsync callback #5875 #5874 [ZacharyRSmith](https://github.com/ZacharyRSmith)
+ * fix: disallow setting `mongoose.connection` to invalid values #5871 [jinasonlin](https://github.com/jinasonlin)
+ * docs(middleware): suggest using `return next()` to stop middleware execution #5866
+ * docs(connection): improve connection string query param docs #5864
+ * fix(document): run validate hooks on array subdocs even if not directly modified #5861
+ * fix(discriminator): don't treat $meta as defining projection when querying #5859
+ * fix(types): handle Decimal128 when using bson-ext on server side #5850
+ * fix(document): ensure projection with only $slice isn't treated as inclusive for discriminators #4991
+ * fix(model): throw error when passing non-object to create() #2037
+
+4.13.6 / 2017-12-02
+===================
+ * fix(schema): support strictBool option in schema #5856 [ekulabuhov](https://github.com/ekulabuhov)
+ * fix(update): make upsert option consistently handle truthy values, not just booleans, for updateOne() #5839
+ * refactor: remove unnecessary constructor check #2057
+ * docs(query): correct function signature for .mod() helper #1806
+ * fix(query): report ObjectParameterError when passing non-object as filter to find() and findOne() #1698
+
+4.13.5 / 2017-11-24
+===================
+ * fix(model): handle update cast errors correctly with bulkWrite #5845 [Michael77](https://github.com/Michael77)
+ * docs: add link to bufferCommands option #5844 [ralphite](https://github.com/ralphite)
+ * fix(model): allow virtual ref function to return arrays #5834 [brunohcastro](https://github.com/brunohcastro)
+ * fix(query): don't throw uncaught error if query filter too big #5812
+ * fix(document): if setting unselected nested path, don't overwrite nested path #5800
+ * fix(document): support calling `populate()` on nested document props #5703
+ * fix: add `strictBool` option for schema type boolean #5344 #5211 #4245
+ * docs(faq): add faq re: typeKey #1886
+ * docs(query): add more detailed docs re: options #1702
+
+4.13.4 / 2017-11-17
+===================
+ * fix(aggregate): add chainable .option() helper for setting arbitrary options #5829
+ * fix(aggregate): add `.pipeline()` helper to get the current pipeline #5825
+ * docs: grammar fixes for `unique` FAQ #5823 [mfluehr](https://github.com/mfluehr)
+ * chore: add node 9 to travis #5822 [superheri](https://github.com/superheri)
+ * fix(model): fix infinite recursion with recursive embedded discriminators #5821 [Faibk](https://github.com/Faibk)
+
+4.13.3 / 2017-11-15
+===================
+ * chore: add node 8 to travis #5818 [superheri](https://github.com/superheri)
+ * fix(document): don't apply transforms to nested docs when updating already saved doc #5807
+
+4.13.2 / 2017-11-11
+===================
+ * feat(buffer): add support for subtype prop #5530
+
+4.13.1 / 2017-11-08
+===================
+ * fix: accept multiple paths or array of paths to depopulate #5798 #5797 [adamreisnz](https://github.com/adamreisnz)
+ * fix(document): pass default array as actual array rather than taking first element #5780
+ * fix(model): increment version when $set-ing it in a save() that requires a version bump #5779
+ * fix(query): don't explicitly project in discriminator key if user projected in parent path #5775 #5754
+ * fix(model): cast query option to geoNear() #5765
+ * fix(query): don't treat projection with just $slice as inclusive #5737
+ * fix(discriminator): defer applying embedded discriminator hooks until top-level model is compiled #5706
+ * docs(discriminator): add warning to always attach hooks before calling discriminator() #5706
+
+4.13.0 / 2017-11-02
+===================
+ * feat(aggregate): add $addFields helper #5740 [AyushG3112](https://github.com/AyushG3112)
+ * feat(connection): add connection-level bufferCommands #5720
+ * feat(connection): add createCollection() helper #5712
+ * feat(populate): support setting localField and foreignField to functions #5704 #5602
+ * feat(query): add multipleCastError option for aggregating cast errors when casting update #5609
+ * feat(populate): allow passing a function to virtual ref #5602
+ * feat(schema): add excludeIndexes option to optionally prevent collecting indexes from nested schemas #5575
+ * feat(model): report validation errors from `insertMany()` if using `ordered: false` and `rawResult: true` #5337
+ * feat(aggregate): add pre/post aggregate middleware #5251
+ * feat(schema): allow using `set` as a schema path #1939
+
+4.12.6 / 2017-11-01
+===================
+ * fix(schema): make clone() copy query helpers correctly #5752
+ * fix: undeprecate `ensureIndex()` and use it by default #3280
+
+4.12.5 / 2017-10-29
+===================
+ * fix(query): correctly handle `$in` and required for $pull and update validators #5744
+ * feat(aggegate): add $addFields pipeline operator #5740 [AyushG3112](https://github.com/AyushG3112)
+ * fix(document): catch sync errors in document pre hooks and report as error #5738
+ * fix(populate): handle slice projections correctly when automatically selecting populated fields #5737
+ * fix(discriminator): fix hooks for embedded discriminators #5706 [wlingke](https://github.com/wlingke)
+ * fix(model): throw sane error when customer calls `mongoose.Model()` over `mongoose.model()` #2005
+
+4.12.4 / 2017-10-21
+===================
+ * test(plugins): add coverage for idGetter with id as a schema property #5713 [wlingke](https://github.com/wlingke)
+ * fix(model): avoid copying recursive $$context object when creating discriminator after querying #5721
+ * fix(connection): ensure connection promise helpers are removed before emitting 'connected' #5714
+ * docs(schema): add notes about runSettersOnQuery to schema setters #5705
+ * fix(collection): ensure queued operations run on the next tick #5562
+
+4.12.3 / 2017-10-16
+===================
+ * fix(connection): emit 'reconnect' event as well as 'reconnected' for consistency with driver #5719
+ * fix: correctly bubble up left/joined events for replica set #5718
+ * fix(connection): allow passing in `autoIndex` as top-level option rather than requiring `config.autoIndex` #5711
+ * docs(connection): improve docs regarding reconnectTries, autoReconnect, and bufferMaxEntries #5711
+ * fix(query): handle null with addToSet/push/pull/pullAll update validators #5710
+ * fix(model): handle setDefaultsOnInsert option for bulkWrite updateOne and updateMany #5708
+ * fix(query): avoid infinite recursion edge case when cloning a buffer #5702
+
+4.12.2 / 2017-10-14
+===================
+ * docs(faq): add FAQ about using arrow functions for getters/setters, virtuals, and methods #5700
+ * docs(schema): document the childSchemas property and add to public API #5695
+ * fix(query): don't project in populated field if parent field is already projected in #5669
+ * fix: bump mongodb -> 2.2.33 for issue with autoReconnect #4513
+
+4.12.1 / 2017-10-08
+===================
+ * fix(document): create new doc when setting single nested, no more set() on copy of priorVal #5693
+ * fix(model): recursively call applyMethods on child schemas for global plugins #5690
+ * docs: fix bad promise lib example on home page #5686
+ * fix(query): handle false when checking for inclusive/exclusive projection #5685
+ * fix(discriminator): allow reusing child schema #5684
+ * fix: make addToSet() on empty array with subdoc trigger manual population #5504
+
+4.12.0 / 2017-10-02
+===================
+ * docs(validation): add docs coverage for ValidatorError.reason #5681
+ * feat(discriminator): always add discriminatorKey to base schema to allow updating #5613
+ * fix(document): make nested docs no longer inherit parent doc's schema props #5586 #5546 #5470
+ * feat(query): run update validators on $pull and $pullAll #5555
+ * feat(query): add .error() helper to query to error out in pre hooks #5520
+ * feat(connection): add dropCollection() helper #5393
+ * feat(schema): add schema-level collation option #5295
+ * feat(types): add `discriminator()` function for single nested subdocs #5244
+ * feat(document): add $isDeleted() getter/setter for better support for soft deletes #4428
+ * feat(connection): bubble up reconnectFailed event when driver gives up reconnecting #4027
+ * fix(query): report error if passing array or other non-object as filter to update query #3677
+ * fix(collection): use createIndex() instead of deprecated ensureIndex() #3280
+
+4.11.14 / 2017-09-30
+====================
+ * chore: add nsp check to the CI build #5679 [hairyhenderson](https://github.com/hairyhenderson)
+ * fix: bump mquery because of security issue with debug package #5677 #5675 [jonathanprl](https://github.com/jonathanprl)
+ * fix(populate): automatically select() populated()-ed fields #5669
+ * fix(connection): make force close work as expected #5664
+ * fix(document): treat $elemMatch as inclusive projection #5661
+ * docs(model/query): clarify which functions fire which middleware #5654
+ * fix(model): make `init()` public and return a promise that resolves when indexes are done building #5563
+
+4.11.13 / 2017-09-24
+====================
+ * fix(query): correctly run replaceOne with update validators #5665 [sime1](https://github.com/sime1)
+ * fix(schema): replace mistype in setupTimestamp method #5656 [zipp3r](https://github.com/zipp3r)
+ * fix(query): avoid throwing cast error for strict: throw with nested id in query #5640
+ * fix(model): ensure class gets combined schema when using class syntax with discriminators #5635
+ * fix(document): handle setting doc array to array of top-level docs #5632
+ * fix(model): handle casting findOneAndUpdate() with overwrite and upsert #5631
+ * fix(update): correctly handle $ in updates #5628
+ * fix(types): handle manual population consistently for unshift() and splice() #5504
+
+4.11.12 / 2017-09-18
+====================
+ * docs(model): asterisk should not render as markdown bullet #5644 [timkinnane](https://github.com/timkinnane)
+ * docs: use useMongoClient in connection example #5627 [GabrielNicolasAvellaneda](https://github.com/GabrielNicolasAvellaneda)
+ * fix(connection): call callback when initial connection failed #5626
+ * fix(query): apply select correctly if a given nested schema is used for 2 different paths #5603
+ * fix(document): add graceful fallback for setting a doc array value and `pull()`-ing a doc #3511
+
+4.11.11 / 2017-09-10
+====================
+ * fix(connection): properly set readyState in response to driver 'close' and 'reconnect' events #5604
+ * fix(document): ensure single embedded doc setters only get called once, with correct value #5601
+ * fix(timestamps): allow enabling updatedAt without createdAt #5598
+ * test: improve unique validator test by making create run before ensureIndex #5595 #5562
+ * fix(query): ensure find callback only gets called once when post init hook throws error #5592
+
+4.11.10 / 2017-09-03
+====================
+ * docs: add KeenIO tracking #5612
+ * fix(schema): ensure validators declared with `.validate()` get copied with clone() #5607
+ * fix: remove unnecessary jest warning #5480
+ * fix(discriminator): prevent implicit discriminator schema id from clobbering base schema custom id #5591
+ * fix(schema): hide schema objectid warning for non-hex strings of length 24 #5587
+ * docs(populate): use story schema defined key author instead of creator #5578 [dmric](https://github.com/dmric)
+ * docs(document): describe usage of `.set()` #5576
+ * fix(document): ensure correct scope in single nested validators #5569
+ * fix(populate): don't mark path as populated until populate() is done #5564
+ * fix(document): make push()-ing a doc onto an empty array act as manual population #5504
+ * fix(connection): emit timeout event on socket timeout #4513
+
+4.11.9 / 2017-08-27
+===================
+ * fix(error): avoid using arguments.callee because that breaks strict mode #5572
+ * docs(schematypes): fix spacing #5567
+ * fix(query): enforce binary subtype always propagates to mongodb #5551
+ * fix(query): only skip castForQuery for mongoose arrays #5536
+ * fix(browser): rely on browser entrypoint to decide whether to use BrowserDocument or NodeDocument #5480
+
+4.11.8 / 2017-08-23
+===================
+ * feat: add warning about using schema ObjectId as type ObjectId #5571 [efkan](https://github.com/efkan)
+ * fix(schema): allow setting `id` property after schema was created #5570 #5548
+ * docs(populate): remove confusing _ from populate docs #5560
+ * fix(connection): expose parsed uri fields (host, port, dbname) when using openUri() #5556
+ * docs: added type boolean to options documentation #5547 [ndabAP](https://github.com/ndabAP)
+ * test: add test coverage for stopping/starting server #5524
+ * fix(aggregate): pull read preference from schema by default #5522
+
+4.11.7 / 2017-08-14
+===================
+ * fix: correct properties when calling toJSON() on populated virtual #5544 #5442 [davidwu226](https://github.com/davidwu226)
+ * docs: fix spelling #5535 [et](https://github.com/et)
+ * fix(error): always set name before stack #5533
+ * fix: add warning about running jest in jsdom environment #5532 #5513 #4943
+ * fix(document): ensure overwriting a doc array cleans out individual docs #5523
+ * fix(schema): handle creating arrays of single nested using type key #5521
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.2.31 to support user/pass options #5419
+
+4.11.6 / 2017-08-07
+===================
+ * fix: limiting number of async operations per time in insertMany #5529 [andresattler](https://github.com/andresattler)
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.2.30 #5517
+ * fix(browserDocument): prevent stack overflow caused by double-wrapping embedded doc save() in jest #5513
+ * fix(document): clear single nested doc when setting to empty object #5506
+ * fix(connection): emit reconnected and disconnected events correctly with useMongoClient #5498
+ * fix(populate): ensure nested virtual populate gets set even if top-level property is null #5431
+
+4.11.5 / 2017-07-30
+===================
+ * docs: fix link to $lookup #5516 [TalhaAwan](https://github.com/TalhaAwan)
+ * fix: better parallelization for eachAsync #5502 [lchenay](https://github.com/lchenay)
+ * docs(document): copy docs for save from model to doc #5493
+ * fix(document): handle dotted virtuals in toJSON output #5473
+ * fix(populate): restore user-provided limit after mutating so cursor() works with populate limit #5468
+ * fix(query): don't throw StrictModeError if geo query with upsert #5467
+ * fix(populate): propagate readPreference from query to populate queries by default #5460
+ * docs: warn not to use arrow functions for statics and methods #5458
+ * fix(query): iterate over all condition keys for setDefaultsOnInsert #5455
+ * docs(connection): clarify server/replset/mongos option deprecation with useMongoClient #5442
+
+4.11.4 / 2017-07-23
+===================
+ * fix: handle next() errors in `eachAsync()` #5486 [lchenay](https://github.com/lchenay)
+ * fix(schema): propagate runSettersOnQuery option to implicitly created schemas #5479 [https://github.com/ValYouW]
+ * fix(query): run castConditions() correctly in update ops #5477
+ * fix(query): ensure castConditions called for findOne and findOneAnd* #5477
+ * docs: clarify relationship between $lookup and populate #5475 [TalhaAwan](https://github.com/TalhaAwan)
+ * test: add coverage for arrays of arrays [zbjornson](https://github.com/zbjornson)
+ * fix(middleware): ensure that error handlers for save get doc as 2nd param #5466
+ * fix: handle strict: false correctly #5454 #5453 [wookieb](https://github.com/wookieb)
+ * fix(query): apply schema excluded paths if only projection is a $slice #5450
+ * fix(query): correct discriminator handling for schema `select: false` fields in schema #5448
+ * fix(cursor): call next() in series when parallel option used #5446
+ * chore: load bundled driver first to avoid packaging problem #5443 [prototypeme](https://github.com/prototypeme)
+ * fix(query): defer condition casting until final exec #5434
+ * fix(aggregate): don't rely on mongodb aggregate to put a cursor in the callback #5394
+ * docs(aggregate): add useMongooseAggCursor docs #5394
+ * docs(middleware): clarify context for document, query, and model middleware #5381
+
+4.11.3 / 2017-07-14
+===================
+ * fix(connection): remove .then() before resolving to prevent infinite recursion #5471
+
+4.11.2 / 2017-07-13
+===================
+ * docs: fix comment typo in connect example #5435 [ConnorMcF](https://github.com/ConnorMcF)
+ * fix(update): correctly cast document array in update validators with exec() #5430
+ * fix(connection): handle autoIndex with useMongoClient #5423
+ * fix(schema): handle `type: [Array]` in schemas #5416
+ * fix(timestamps): if overwrite is set and there's a $set, use $set instead of top-level update #5413
+ * fix(document): don't double-validate deeply nested doc array elements #5411
+ * fix(schematype): clone default objects so default not shared across object instances unless `shared` specified #5407
+ * fix(document): reset down the nested subdocs when resetting parent doc #5406
+ * fix: don't pass error arg twice to error handlers #5405
+ * fix(connection): make openUri() return connection decorated with then() and catch() #5404
+ * fix: enforce $set on an array must be an array #5403
+ * fix(document): don't crash if calling `validateSync()` after overwriting doc array index #5389
+ * fix(discriminator): ensure discriminator key doesn't count as user-selected field for projection #4629
+
+4.11.1 / 2017-07-02
+===================
+* docs: populate virtuals fix justOne description #5427 [fredericosilva](https://github.com/fredericosilva)
+ * fix(connection): make sure to call onOpen in openUri() #5404
+ * docs(query): justOne is actually single, and it default to false #5402 [zbjornson](https://github.com/zbjornson)
+ * docs: fix small typo in lib/schema.js #5398 #5396 [pjo336](https://github.com/pjo336)
+ * fix: emit remove on single nested subdocs when removing parent #5388
+ * fix(update): handle update with defaults and overwrite but no update validators #5384
+ * fix(populate): handle undefined refPath values in middle of array #5377
+ * fix(document): ensure consistent setter context for single nested #5363
+ * fix(query): support runSettersOnQuery as query option #5350
+
+4.11.0 / 2017-06-25
+===================
+ * feat(query): execute setters with query as context for `runSettersOnQuery` #5339
+ * feat(model): add translateAliases function #5338 [rocketspacer](https://github.com/rocketspacer)
+ * feat(connection): add `useMongoClient` and `openUri` functions, deprecate current connect logic #5304
+ * refactor(schema): make id virtual not access doc internals #5279
+ * refactor: handle non-boolean lean #5279
+ * feat(cursor): add addCursorFlag() support to query and agg cursors #4814
+ * feat(cursor): add parallel option to eachAsync #4244
+ * feat(schema): allow setting custom error constructor for custom validators #4009
+
+4.10.8 / 2017-06-21
+===================
+ * docs: fix small formatting typo on schematypes #5374 [gianpaj](https://github.com/gianpaj)
+ * fix(model): allow null as an _id #5370
+ * fix(populate): don't throw async uncaught exception if model not found in populate #5364
+ * fix: correctly cast decimals in update #5361
+ * fix(error): don't use custom getter for ValidationError message #5359
+ * fix(query): handle runSettersOnQuery in built-in _id setter #5351
+ * fix(document): ensure consistent context for nested doc custom validators #5347
+
+4.10.7 / 2017-06-18
+===================
+ * docs(validation): show overriding custom validator error with 2nd cb arg #5358
+ * fix: `parseOption` mutates user passed option map #5357 [igwejk](https://github.com/igwejk)
+ * docs: fix guide.jade typo #5356 [CalebAnderson2014](https://github.com/CalebAnderson2014)
+ * fix(populate): don't set populate virtual to ids when match fails #5336
+ * fix(query): callback with cast error if remove and delete* args have a cast error #5323
+
+4.10.6 / 2017-06-12
+===================
+ * fix(cursor): handle custom model option for populate #5334
+ * fix(populate): handle empty virtual populate with Model.populate #5331
+ * fix(model): make ensureIndexes() run with autoIndex: false unless called internally #5328 #5324 #5317
+ * fix: wait for all connections to close before resolving disconnect() promise #5316
+ * fix(document): handle setting populated path with custom typeKey in schema #5313
+ * fix(error): add toJSON helper to ValidationError so `message` shows up with JSON.stringify #5309
+ * feat: add `getPromiseConstructor()` to prevent need for `mongoose.Promise.ES6` #5305
+ * fix(document): handle conditional required with undefined props #5296
+ * fix(model): clone options before inserting in save() #5294
+ * docs(populate): clarify that multiple populate() calls on same path overwrite #5274
+
+4.10.5 / 2017-06-06
+===================
+ * chore: improve contrib guide for building docs #5312
+ * fix(populate): handle init-ing nested virtuals properly #5311
+ * fix(update): report update validator error if required path under single nested doc not set
+ * fix(schema): remove default validate pre hook that was causing issues with jest #4943
+
+4.10.4 / 2017-05-29
+===================
+ * chore: dont store test data in same directory #5303
+ * chore: add data dirs to npmignore #5301 [Starfox64](https://github.com/Starfox64)
+ * docs(query): add docs about runSettersOnQuery #5300
+
+4.10.3 / 2017-05-27
+===================
+ * docs: correct inconsistent references to updateOne and replaceOne #5297 [dhritzkiv](https://github.com/dhritzkiv)
+ * docs: fix dropdowns in docs #5292 [nathanallen](https://github.com/nathanallen)
+ * docs: add description of alias option #5287
+ * fix(document): prevent infinite loop if validating nested array #5282
+ * fix(schema): correctly handle ref ObjectIds from different mongoose libs #5259
+ * fix(schema): load child class methods after base class methods to allow override #5227
+
+4.10.2 / 2017-05-22
+===================
+ * fix: bump ms -> 2.0.0 and mquery -> 2.3.1 for minor security vulnerability #5275
+
+4.10.1 / 2017-05-21
+===================
+ * fix(aggregate): handle sorting by text score correctly #5258
+ * fix(populate): handle doc.populate() with virtuals #5240
+ * fix(schema): enforce that `_id` is never null #5236
+
+4.10.0 / 2017-05-18
+===================
+ * fix(schema): update clone method to include indexes #5268 [clozanosanchez](https://github.com/clozanosanchez)
+ * feat(schema): support aliases #5184 [rocketspacer](https://github.com/rocketspacer)
+ * feat(aggregate): add mongoose-specific aggregation cursor option #5145
+ * refactor(model): make sharding into a plugin instead of core #5105
+ * fix(document): make nested doc mongoose internals not enumerable again #5078
+ * feat(model): pass params to pre hooks #5064
+ * feat(timestamps): support already defined timestamp paths in schema #4868
+ * feat(query): add runSettersOnQuery option #4569
+ * fix(query): add strictQuery option that throws when not querying on field not in schema #4136
+ * fix(update): more complete handling for overwrite option with update validators #3556
+ * feat: support `unique: true` in arrays via the mongoose-unique-array plugin #3347
+ * fix(model): always emit 'index', even if no indexes #3347
+ * fix(schema): set unique indexes on primitive arrays #3347
+ * feat(validation): include failed paths in error message and inspect output #3064 #2135
+ * fix(model): return saved docs when create() fails #2190
+
+4.9.10 / 2017-05-17
+===================
+ * fix(connection): ensure callback arg to openSet() is handled properly #5249
+ * docs: remove dead plugins repo and add content links #5247
+ * fix(model): skip index build if connecting after model init and autoIndex false #5176
+
+4.9.9 / 2017-05-13
+==================
+ * docs: correct value for Query#regex() #5230
+ * fix(connection): don't throw if .catch() on open() promise #5229
+ * fix(schema): allow update with $currentDate for updatedAt to succeed #5222
+ * fix(model): versioning doesn't fail if version key undefined #5221 [basileos](https://github.com/basileos)
+ * fix(document): don't emit model error if callback specified for consistency with docs #5216
+ * fix(document): handle errors in subdoc pre validate #5215
+
+4.9.8 / 2017-05-07
+==================
+ * docs(subdocs): rewrite subdocs guide #5217
+ * fix(document): avoid circular JSON if error in doc array under single nested subdoc #5208
+ * fix(document): set intermediate empty objects for deeply nested undefined paths before path itself #5206
+ * fix(schema): throw error if first param to schema.plugin() is not a function #5201
+ * perf(document): major speedup in validating subdocs (50x in some cases) #5191
+
+4.9.7 / 2017-04-30
+==================
+ * docs: fix typo #5204 [phutchins](https://github.com/phutchins)
+ * fix(schema): ensure correct path for deeply nested schema indexes #5199
+ * fix(schema): make remove a reserved name #5197
+ * fix(model): handle Decimal type in insertMany correctly #5190
+ * fix: upgrade kareem to handle async pre hooks correctly #5188
+ * docs: add details about unique not being a validator #5179
+ * fix(validation): handle returning a promise with isAsync: true #5171
+
+4.9.6 / 2017-04-23
+==================
+ * fix: update `parentArray` references when directly assigning document arrays #5192 [jhob](https://github.com/jhob)
+ * docs: improve schematype validator docs #5178 [milesbarr](https://github.com/milesbarr)
+ * fix(model): modify discriminator() class in place #5175
+ * fix(model): handle bulkWrite updateMany casting #5172 [tzellman](https://github.com/tzellman)
+ * docs(model): fix replaceOne example for bulkWrite #5168
+ * fix(document): don't create a new array subdoc when creating schema array #5162
+ * fix(model): merge query hooks from discriminators #5147
+ * fix(document): add parent() function to subdocument to match array subdoc #5134
+
+4.9.5 / 2017-04-16
+==================
+ * fix(query): correct $pullAll casting of null #5164 [Sebmaster](https://github.com/Sebmaster)
+ * docs: add advanced schemas docs for loadClass #5157
+ * fix(document): handle null/undefined gracefully in applyGetters() #5143
+ * fix(model): add resolveToObject option for mapReduce with ES6 promises #4945
+
+4.9.4 / 2017-04-09
+==================
+ * fix(schema): clone query middleware correctly #5153 #5141 [clozanosanchez](https://github.com/clozanosanchez)
+ * docs(aggregate): fix typo #5142
+ * fix(query): cast .$ update to underlying array type #5130
+ * fix(populate): don't mutate populate result in place #5128
+ * fix(query): handle $setOnInsert consistent with $set #5126
+ * docs(query): add strict mode option for findOneAndUpdate #5108
+
+4.9.3 / 2017-04-02
+==================
+ * docs: document.js fixes for functions prepended with `$` #5131 [krmannix](https://github.com/krmannix)
+ * fix: Avoid exception on constructor check #5129 [monkbroc](https://github.com/monkbroc)
+ * docs(schematype): explain how to use `isAsync` with validate() #5125
+ * docs(schematype): explain custom message with required function #5123
+ * fix(populate): only apply refPath duplicate id optimization if not array #5114
+ * fix(document): copy non-objects to doc when init() #5111
+ * perf(populate): dont clone whole options every time #5103
+ * feat(document): add isDirectSelected() to minimize isSelected() changes #5063
+ * docs(schematypes): explain some subtleties with arrays #5059
+
+4.9.2 / 2017-03-26
+==================
+ * fix(discriminator): handle class names consistently #5104
+ * fix(schema): make clone() work with reusing discriminator schemas #5098
+ * fix(querycursor): run pre find hooks with .cursor() #5096
+ * fix(connection): throw error if username:password includes @ or : #5091
+ * fix(timestamps): handle overwriting createdAt+updatedAt consistently #5088
+ * fix(document): ensure subdoc post save runs after parent save #5085
+ * docs(model): improve update docs #5076 [bertolo1988](https://github.com/bertolo1988)
+
+4.9.1 / 2017-03-19
+==================
+ * fix(query): handle $type for arrays #5080 #5079 [zoellner](https://github.com/zoellner)
+ * fix(model): handle ordered param for `insertMany` validation errors #5072 [sjorssnoeren](https://github.com/sjorssnoeren)
+ * fix(populate): avoid duplicate ids in dynref queries #5054
+ * fix(timestamps): dont set timestamps in update if user set it #5045
+ * fix(update): dont double-call setters on arrays #5041
+ * fix: upgrade driver -> 2.2.25 for jest fix #5033
+ * fix(model): get promise each time save() is called rather than once #5030
+ * fix(connection): make connect return value consistent #5006
+
+4.9.0 / 2017-03-13
+==================
+ * feat(document): return this from `depopulate()` #5027
+ * fix(drivers): stop emitting timeouts as errors #5026
+ * feat(schema): add a clone() function for schemas #4983
+ * feat(query): add rawResult option to replace passRawResult, deprecate passRawResult #4977 #4925
+ * feat(schematype): support isAsync validator option and handle returning promises from validators, deprecate implicit async validators #4290
+ * feat(query): add `replaceOne()`, `deleteOne()`, `deleteMany()` #3998
+ * feat(model): add `bulkWrite()` #3998
+
+4.8.7 / 2017-03-12
+==================
+ * fix(model): if last arg in spread is falsy, treat it as a callback #5061
+ * fix(document): use $hook instead of hook to enable 'hook' as a path name #5047
+ * fix(populate): dont select foreign field if parent field is selected #5037
+ * fix(populate): handle passing no args to query.populate #5036
+ * fix(update): use correct method for casting nested arrays #5032
+ * fix(discriminator): handle array discriminators when casting $push #5009
+
+4.8.6 / 2017-03-05
+==================
+ * docs(document): remove text that implies that transform is false by default #5023
+ * fix(applyHooks): dont wrap a function if it is already wrapped #5019
+ * fix(document): ensure nested docs' toObject() clones #5008
+
+4.8.5 / 2017-02-25
+==================
+ * fix: check for empty schemaPath before accessing property $isMongooseDocumentArray #5017 [https://github.com/randyhoulahan](randyhoulahan)
+ * fix(discriminators): handle create() and push() for embedded discriminators #5001
+ * fix(querycursor): ensure close emitted after last data event #4998
+ * fix(discriminators): remove fields not selected in child when querying by base model #4991
+
+4.8.4 / 2017-02-19
+==================
+ * docs(discriminators): explain embedded discriminators #4997
+ * fix(query): fix TypeError when findOneAndUpdate errors #4990
+ * fix(update): handle nested single embedded in update validators correctly #4989
+ * fix(browser): make browser doc constructor not crash #4987
+
+4.8.3 / 2017-02-15
+==================
+ * chore: upgrade mongodb driver -> 2.2.24
+ * docs(connections): addd some details about callbacks #4986
+ * fix: ensure class is created with new keyword #4972 #4947 [benhjames](https://github.com/benhjames)
+ * fix(discriminator): add applyPluginsToDiscriminators option #4965
+ * fix(update): properly cast array subdocs when casting update #4960
+ * fix(populate): ensure foreign field is selected for virtual populate #4959
+ * docs(query): document some query callback params #4949
+ * fix(document): ensure errors in validators get caught #2185
+
+4.8.2 / 2017-02-10
+==================
+ * fix(update): actually run validators on addToSet #4953
+ * fix(update): improve buffer error handling #4944 [ValYouW](https://github.com/ValYouW)
+ * fix(discriminator): handle subclassing with loadClass correctly #4942
+ * fix(query): allow passing Map to sort() #4941
+ * fix(document): handle setting discriminator doc #4935
+ * fix(schema): return correct value from pre init hook #4928
+ * fix(query): ensure consistent params in error handlers if pre hook errors #4927
+
+4.8.1 / 2017-01-30
+==================
+ * fix(query): handle $exists for arrays and embedded docs #4937
+ * fix(query): handle passing string to hint() #4931
+
+4.8.0 / 2017-01-28
+==================
+ * feat(schema): add saveErrorIfNotFound option and $where property #4924 #4004
+ * feat(query): add $in implicitly if passed an array #4912 [QuotableWater7](https://github.com/QuotableWater7)
+ * feat(aggregate): helper for $facet #4904 [varunjayaraman](https://github.com/varunjayaraman)
+ * feat(query): add collation method #4839
+ * feat(schema): propogate strict option to implicit array subschemas #4831 [dkrosso](https://github.com/dkrosso)
+ * feat(aggregate): add helper for graphLookup #4819 [varunjayaraman](https://github.com/varunjayaraman)
+ * feat(types): support Decimal128 #4759
+ * feat(aggregate): add eachAsync() to aggregate cursor #4300
+ * feat(query): add updateOne and updateMany #3997
+ * feat(model): support options for insertMany #3893
+ * fix(document): run validation on single nested docs if not directly modified #3884
+ * feat(model): use discriminator constructor based on discriminatorKey in create() #3624
+ * feat: pass collection as context to debug function #3261
+ * feat(query): support push and addToSet for update validators #2933
+ * perf(document): refactor registerHooksFromSchema so hooks are defined on doc prototype #2754
+ * feat(types): add discriminator() function to doc arrays #2723 #1856
+ * fix(populate): return an error if sorting underneath a doc array #2202
+
+4.7.9 / 2017-01-27
+==================
+ * fix(query): handle casting $exists under $not #4933
+ * chore: upgrade mongodb -> 2.2.22 re: #4931
+
+4.7.8 / 2017-01-23
+==================
+ * fix(populate): better handling for virtual populate under arrays #4923
+ * docs: upgrade contributors count #4918 [AdamZaczek](https://github.com/AdamZaczek)
+ * fix(query): don't set nested path default if setting parent path #4911
+ * docs(promise): add missing bracket #4907
+ * fix(connection): ensure error handling is consistently async #4905
+ * fix: handle authMechanism in query string #4900
+ * fix(document): ensure error handlers run for validate #4885
+
+4.7.7 / 2017-01-15
+==================
+ * fix(utils): don't crash if to[key] is null #4881
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.2.21 #4867
+ * fix: add a toBSON to documents for easier querying #4866
+ * fix: suppress bluebird warning #4854 [davidwu226](https://github.com/davidwu226)
+ * fix(populate): handle nested virtuals in virtual populate #4851
+
+4.7.6 / 2017-01-02
+==================
+ * fix(model): allow passing non-array to insertMany #4846
+ * fix(populate): use base model name if no discriminator for backwards compat #4843
+ * fix: allow internal validate callback to be optional #4842 [arciisine](https://github.com/arciisine)
+ * fix(document): don't skip pointCut if save not defined (like in browser doc) #4841
+ * chore: improve benchmarks #4838 [billouboq](https://github.com/billouboq)
+ * perf: remove some unused parameters #4837 [billouboq](https://github.com/billouboq)
+ * fix(query): don't call error handler if passRawResult is true and no error occurred #4836
+
+4.7.5 / 2016-12-26
+==================
+ * docs(model): fix spelling mistake #4828 [paulinoj](https://github.com/paulinoj)
+ * fix(aggregate): remove unhandled rejection when using aggregate.then() #4824
+ * perf: remove try/catch that kills optimizer #4821
+ * fix(model): handles populating with discriminators that may not have a ref #4817
+ * fix(document): handle setting array of discriminators #3575
+
+4.7.4 / 2016-12-21
+==================
+ * docs: fix typo #4810 [GEEKIAM](https://github.com/GEEKIAM)
+ * fix(query): timestamps with $push + $each #4805
+ * fix(document): handle buffers correctly in minimize #4800
+ * fix: don't disallow overwriting default and cast fns #4795 [pdspicer](https://github.com/pdspicer)
+ * fix(document): don't convert single nested docs to POJOs #4793
+ * fix(connection): handle reconnect to replica set correctly #4972 [gfzabarino](https://github.com/gfzabarino)
+
+4.7.3 / 2016-12-16
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 2.2.16 for several bug fixes and 3.4 support #4799
+ * fix(model): ensure discriminator key is correct for child schema on discriminator #4790
+ * fix(document): handle mark valid in subdocs correctly #4778
+ * fix(query): check for objects consistently #4775
+
+4.7.2 / 2016-12-07
+==================
+ * test(populate): fix justOne test #4772 [cblanc](https://github.com/cblanc)
+ * chore: fix benchmarks #4769 [billouboq](https://github.com/billouboq)
+ * fix(document): handle setting subdoc to null after setting parent doc #4766
+ * fix(query): support passRawResult with lean #4762 #4761 [mhfrantz](https://github.com/mhfrantz)
+ * fix(query): throw StrictModeError if upsert with nonexisting field in condition #4757
+ * test: fix a couple of sort tests #4756 [japod](https://github.com/japod)
+ * chore: upgrade mongodb driver -> 2.2.12 #4753 [mdlavin](https://github.com/mdlavin)
+ * fix(query): handle update with upsert and overwrite correctly #4749
+
+4.7.1 / 2016-11-30
+==================
+ * fix(schema): throw error if you use prototype as a schema path #4746
+ * fix(schema): throw helpful error if you define a virtual with the same path as a real path #4744
+ * fix(connection): make createConnection not throw rejected promises #4742
+ * fix(populate): allow specifiying options in model schema #4741
+ * fix(document): handle selected nested elements with defaults #4739
+ * fix(query): add model to cast error if possible #4729
+ * fix(query): handle timestamps with overwrite #4054
+
+4.7.0 / 2016-11-23
+==================
+ * docs: clean up schematypes #4732 [kidlj](https://github.com/kidlj)
+ * perf: only get stack when necessary with VersionError #4726 [Sebmaster](https://github.com/Sebmaster)
+ * fix(query): ensure correct casting when setting array element #4724
+ * fix(connection): ensure db name gets set when you pass 4 params #4721
+ * fix: prevent TypeError in node v7 #4719 #4706
+ * feat(document): support .set() on virtual subpaths #4716
+ * feat(populate): support populate virtuals on nested schemas #4715
+ * feat(querycursor): support transform option and .map() #4714 #4705 [cblanc](https://github.com/cblanc)
+ * fix(document): dont set defaults on not-selected nested paths #4707
+ * fix(populate): don't throw if empty string passed to populate #4702
+ * feat(model): add `loadClass()` function for importing schema from ES6 class #4668 [rockmacaca](https://github.com/rockmacaca)
+
+4.6.8 / 2016-11-14
+==================
+ * fix(querycursor): clear stack when iterating onto next doc #4697
+ * fix: handle null keys in validation error #4693 #4689 [arciisine](https://github.com/arciisine)
+ * fix(populate): handle pre init middleware correctly with populate virtuals #4683
+ * fix(connection): ensure consistent return value for open and openSet #4659
+ * fix(schema): handle falsy defaults for arrays #4620
+
+4.6.7 / 2016-11-10
+==================
+ * fix(document): only invalidate in subdoc if using update validators #4681
+ * fix(document): don't create subdocs when excluded in projection #4669
+ * fix(document): ensure single embedded schema validator runs with correct context #4663
+ * fix(document): make sure to depopulate top level for sharding #4658
+ * fix(connection): throw more helpful error when .model() called incorrectly #4652
+ * fix(populate): throw more descriptive error when trying to populate a virtual that doesn't have proper options #4602
+ * fix(document): ensure subtype gets set properly when saving with a buffer id #4506
+ * fix(query): handle setDefaultsOnInsert with defaults on doc arrays #4456
+ * fix(drivers): make debug output better by calling toBSON() #4356
+
+4.6.6 / 2016-11-03
+==================
+ * chore: upgrade deps #4674 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * chore: run tests on node v7 #4673 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * perf: make setDefaultsOnInsert more efficient if upsert is off #4672 [CamHenlin](https://github.com/CamHenlin)
+ * fix(populate): ensure document array is returned #4656
+ * fix(query): cast doc arrays with positionals correctly for update #4655
+ * fix(document): ensure single nested doc validators run with correct context #4654
+ * fix: handle reconnect failed error in new version of driver #4653 [loris](https://github.com/loris)
+ * fix(populate): if setting a populated doc, take its id #4632
+ *  fix(populate): handle populated virtuals in init #4618
+
+4.6.5 / 2016-10-23
+==================
+ * docs: fix grammar issues #4642 #4640 #4639 [silvermanj7](https://github.com/silvermanj7)
+ * fix(populate): filter out nonexistant values for dynref #4637
+ * fix(query): handle $type as a schematype operator #4632
+ * fix(schema): better handling for uppercase: false and lowercase: false #4622
+ * fix(query): don't run transforms on updateForExec() #4621
+ * fix(query): handle id = 0 in findById #4610
+ * fix(query): handle buffers in mergeClone #4609
+ * fix(document): handle undefined with conditional validator for validateSync #4607
+ * fix: upgrade to mongodb driver 2.2.11 #4581
+ * docs(schematypes): clarify schema.path() #4518
+ * fix(query): ensure path is defined before checking in timestamps #4514
+ * fix(model): set version key in upsert #4505
+ * fix(document): never depopulate top-level doc #3057
+ * refactor: ensure sync for setting non-capped collections #2690
+
+4.6.4 / 2016-10-16
+==================
+ * fix(query): cast $not correctly #4616 #4592 [prssn](https://github.com/prssn)
+ * fix: address issue with caching global plugins #4608 #4601 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * fix(model): make sure to depopulate in insertMany #4590
+ * fix(model): buffer autoIndex if bufferCommands disabled #4589
+ * fix(populate): copy ids array before modifying #4585
+ * feat(schema): add retainKeyOrder prop #4542
+ * fix(document): return isModified true for children of direct modified paths #4528
+ * fix(connection): add dropDatabase() helper #4490
+ * fix(model): add usePushEach option for schemas #4455
+ * docs(connections): add some warnings about buffering #4413
+ * fix: add ability to set promise implementation in browser #4395
+
+4.6.3 / 2016-10-05
+==================
+ * fix(document): ensure single nested docs get initialized correctly when setting nested paths #4578
+ * fix: turn off transforms when writing nested docs to db #4574
+ * fix(document): don't set single nested subdocs to null when removing parent doc #4566
+ * fix(model): ensure versionKey gets set in insertMany #4561
+ * fix(schema): handle typeKey in arrays #4548
+ * feat(schema): set $implicitlyCreated on schema if created by interpretAsType #4443
+
+4.6.2 / 2016-09-30
+==================
+ * chore: upgrade to async 2.0.1 internally #4579 [billouboq](https://github.com/billouboq)
+ * fix(types): ensure nested single doc schema errors reach update validators #4557 #4519
+ * fix(connection): handle rs names with leading numbers (muri 1.1.1) #4556
+ * fix(model): don't throw if method name conflicts with Object.prototype prop #4551
+ * docs: fix broken link #4544 [VFedyk](https://github.com/VFedyk)
+ * fix: allow overwriting model on mongoose singleton #4541 [Nainterceptor](https://github.com/Nainterceptor)
+ * fix(document): don't use init: true when building doc defaults #4540
+ * fix(connection): use replSet option if replset not specified #4535
+ * fix(query): cast $not objects #4495
+
+4.6.1 / 2016-09-20
+==================
+ * fix(query): improve handling of $not with $elemMatch #4531 #3719 [timbowhite](https://github.com/timbowhite)
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.2.10 #4517
+ * chore: fix webpack build issue #4512 [saiichihashimoto](https://github.com/saiichihashimoto)
+ * fix(query): emit error on next tick when exec callback errors #4500
+ * test: improve test case #4496 [isayme](https://github.com/isayme)
+ * fix(schema): use same check for array types and top-level types #4493
+ * style: fix indentation in docs #4489 [dhurlburtusa](https://github.com/dhurlburtusa)
+ * fix(schema): expose original object passed to constructor #4486
+ * fix(query): handle findOneAndUpdate with array of arrays #4484 #4470 [fedotov](https://github.com/fedotov)
+ * feat(document): add $ignore to make a path ignored #4480
+ * fix(query): properly handle setting single embedded in update #4475 #4466 #4465
+ * fix(updateValidators): handle single nested schema subpaths correctly #4479
+ * fix(model): throw handy error when method name conflicts with property name #4475
+ * fix(schema): handle .set() with array field #4472
+ * fix(query): check nested path when avoiding double-validating Mixed #4441
+ * fix(schema): handle calling path.trim() with no args correctly #4042
+
+4.6.0 / 2016-09-02
+==================
+ * docs(document): clarify the findById and findByIdAndUpdate examples #4471 [mdcanham](https://github.com/mdcanham)
+ * docs(schematypes): add details re: options #4452
+ * docs(middleware): add docs for insertMany hooks #4451
+ * fix(schema): create new array when copying from existing object to preserve change tracking #4449
+ * docs: fix typo in index.jade #4448
+ * fix(query): allow array for populate options #4446
+ * fix(model): create should not cause unhandle reject promise #4439
+ * fix: upgrade to mongodb driver 2.2.9 #4363 #4341 #4311 (see [comments here](https://github.com/mongodb/js-bson/commit/aa0b54597a0af28cce3530d2144af708e4b66bf0#commitcomment-18850498) if you use node 0.10)
+
+4.5.10 / 2016-08-23
+===================
+ * docs: fix typo on documents.jade #4444 [Gabri3l](https://github.com/Gabri3l)
+ * chore: upgrade mocha to 3.0.2 #4437 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * fix: subdocuments causing error with parent timestamp on update #4434 [dyang108](https://github.com/dyang108)
+ * fix(query): don't crash if timestamps on and update doesn't have a path #4425 #4424 #4418
+ * fix(query): ensure single nested subdoc is hydrated when running update validators #4420
+ * fix(query): cast non-$geometry operators for $geoWithin #4419
+ * docs: update contributor count #4415 [AdamZaczek](https://github.com/AdamZaczek)
+ * docs: add more clarification re: the index event #4410
+ * fix(document): only skip modifying subdoc path if parent is direct modified #4405
+ * fix(schema): throw cast error if provided date invalid #4404
+ * feat(error): use util.inspect() so CastError never prints "[object Object]" #4398
+ * fix(model): dont error if the discriminator key is unchanged #4387
+ * fix(query): don't throw unhandled rejection with bluebird when using cbs #4379
+
+4.5.9 / 2016-08-14
+==================
+ * docs: add mixed schema doc for Object literal #4400 [Kikobeats](https://github.com/Kikobeats)
+ * fix(query): cast $geoWithin and convert mongoose objects to POJOs before casting #4392
+ * fix(schematype): dont cast defaults without parent doc #4390
+ * fix(query): disallow passing empty string to findOne() #4378
+ * fix(document): set single nested doc isNew correctly #4369
+ * fix(types): checks field name correctly with nested arrays and populate #4365
+ * fix(drivers): make debug output copy-pastable into mongodb shell #4352
+ * fix(services): run update validators on nested paths #4332
+ * fix(model): handle typeKey with discriminators #4339
+ * fix(query): apply timestamps to child schemas when explicitly specified in update #4049
+ * fix(schema): set prefix as nested path with add() #1730
+
+4.5.8 / 2016-08-01
+==================
+ * fix(model): make changing the discriminator key cause a cast error #4374
+ * fix(query): pass projection fields to cursor #4371 #4342 [Corei13](https://github.com/Corei13)
+ * fix(document): support multiple paths for isModified #4370 [adambuczynski](https://github.com/adambuczynski)
+ * fix(querycursor): always cast fields before returning cursor #4355
+ * fix(query): support projection as alias for fields in findOneAndUpdate #4315
+ * fix(schema): treat index false + unique false as no index #4304
+ * fix(types): dont mark single nested subpath as modified if whole doc already modified #4224
+
+4.5.7 / 2016-07-25
+==================
+ * fix(document): ensure no unhandled rejections if callback specified for save #4364
+
+4.5.6 / 2016-07-23
+==================
+ * fix(schema): don't overwrite createdAt if it isn't selected #4351 [tusbar](https://github.com/tusbar)
+ * docs(api): fix link to populate() and add a new one from depopulate() #4345 [Delapouite](https://github.com/Delapouite)
+ * fix(types): ownerDocument() works properly with single nested docs #4344 [vichle](https://github.com/vichle)
+ * fix(populate): dont use findOne when justOne option set #4329
+ * fix(document): dont trigger .then() deprecated warning when calling doc.remove() #4291
+ * docs(connection): add promiseLibrary option #4280
+ * fix(plugins): apply global plugins to subschemas #4271
+ * fix(model): ensure `ensureIndex()` never calls back in the same tick #4246
+ * docs(schema): improve post hook docs on schema #4238
+
+4.5.5 / 2016-07-18
+==================
+ * fix(document): handle setting root to empty obj if minimize false #4337
+ * fix: downgrade to mongodb 2.1.18 #4335 #4334 #4328 #4323
+ * perf(types): remove defineProperty usage in documentarray #4333
+ * fix(query): correctly pass model in .toConstructor() #4318
+ * fix(services): avoid double-validating mixed types with update validators #4305
+ * docs(middleware): add docs describing error handling middleware #4229
+ * fix(types): throw correct error when invalidating doc array #3602
+
+4.5.4 / 2016-07-11
+==================
+ * fix(types): fix removing embedded documents #4309 [RoCat](https://github.com/RoCat)
+ * docs: various docs improvements #4302 #4294 [simonxca](https://github.com/simonxca)
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.1.21 #4295 #4202 [RoCat](https://github.com/RoCat)
+ * fix(populate): convert single result to array for virtual populate because of lean #4288
+ * fix(populate): handle empty results for populate virtuals properly #4285 #4284
+ * fix(query): dont cast $inc to number if type is long #4283
+ * fix(types): allow setting single nested doc to null #4281
+ * fix(populate): handle deeply nested virtual populate #4278
+ * fix(document): allow setting empty obj if strict mode is false #4274
+ * fix(aggregate): allow passing obj to .unwind() #4239
+ * docs(document): add return statements to transform examples #1963
+
+4.5.3 / 2016-06-30
+==================
+ * fix(query): pass correct options to QueryCursor #4277 #4266
+ * fix(querycursor): handle lean option correctly #4276 [gchudnov](https://github.com/gchudnov)
+ * fix(document): fix error handling when no error occurred #4275
+ * fix(error): use strict mode for version error #4272
+ * docs(populate): fix crashing compilation for populate.jade #4267
+ * fix(populate): support `justOne` option for populate virtuals #4263
+ * fix(populate): ensure model param gets used for populate virtuals #4261 #4243
+ * fix(querycursor): add ability to properly close the cursor #4258
+ * docs(model): correct link to Document #4250
+ * docs(populate): correct path for refPath populate #4240
+ * fix(document): support validator.isEmail as validator #4064
+
+4.5.2 / 2016-06-24
+==================
+ * fix(connection): add checks for collection presence for `onOpen` and `onClose` #4259 [nodkz](https://github.com/nodkz)
+ * fix(cast): allow strings for $type operator #4256
+ * fix(querycursor): support lean() #4255 [pyramation](https://github.com/pyramation)
+ * fix(aggregate): allow setting noCursorTimeout option #4241
+ * fix(document): handle undefined for Array.pull #4222 [Sebmaster](https://github.com/Sebmaster)
+ * fix(connection): ensure promise.catch() catches initial connection error #4135
+ * fix(document): show additional context for VersionError #2633
+
+4.5.1 / 2016-06-18
+==================
+ * fix(model): ensure wrapped insertMany() returns a promise #4237
+ * fix(populate): dont overwrite populateVirtuals when populating multiple paths #4234
+ * docs(model): clarify relationship between create() and save() #4233
+ * fix(types): handle option param in subdoc remove() #4231 [tdebarochez](https://github.com/tdebarochez)
+ * fix(document): dedupe modified paths #4226 #4223 [adambuczynski](https://github.com/adambuczynski)
+ * fix(model): don't modify user-provided options object #4221
+ * fix(document): handle setting nested path to empty object #4218 #4182
+ * fix(document): clean subpaths when removing single nested #4216
+ * fix(document): don't force transform on subdocs with inspect #4213
+ * fix(error): allow setting .messages object #4207
+
+4.5.0 / 2016-06-13
+==================
+ * feat(query): added Query.prototype.catch() #4215 #4173 [adambuczynski](https://github.com/adambuczynski)
+ * feat(query): add Query.prototype.cursor() as a .stream() alternative #4117 #3637 #1907
+ * feat(document): add markUnmodified() function #4092 [vincentcr](https://github.com/vincentcr)
+ * feat(aggregate): convert aggregate object to a thenable #3995 #3946 [megagon](https://github.com/megagon)
+ * perf(types): remove defineProperties call for array (**Note:** Because of this, a mongoose array will no longer `assert.deepEqual()` a plain old JS array) #3886
+ * feat(model): add hooks for insertMany() #3846
+ * feat(schema): add support for custom query methods #3740 #2372
+ * feat(drivers): emit error on 'serverClosed' because that means that reconnect failed #3615
+ * feat(model): emit error event when callback throws exception #3499
+ * feat(model): inherit options from discriminator base schema #3414 #1818
+ * feat(populate): expose mongoose-populate-virtuals inspired populate API #2562
+ * feat(document): trigger remove hooks on subdocs when removing parent #2348
+ * feat(schema): add support for express-style error handling middleware #2284
+ * fix(model): disallow setting discriminator key #2041
+ * feat(schema): add support for nested arrays #1361
+
+4.4.20 / 2016-06-05
+===================
+ * docs: clarify command buffering when using driver directly #4195
+ * fix(promise): correct broken mpromise .catch() #4189
+ * fix(document): clean modified subpaths when set path to empty obj #4182
+ * fix(query): support minDistance with query casting and `.near()` #4179
+ * fix(model): remove unnecessary .save() promise #4177
+ * fix(schema): cast all valid ObjectId strings to object ids #3365
+ * docs: remove unclear "unsafe" term in query docs #3282
+
+4.4.19 / 2016-05-21
+===================
+ * fix(model): handle insertMany if timestamps not set #4171
+
+4.4.18 / 2016-05-21
+===================
+ * docs: add missing period #4170 [gitname](https://github.com/gitname)
+ * docs: change build badge to svg #4158 [a0viedo](https://github.com/a0viedo)
+ * fix(model): update timestamps when setting `createdAt` #4155
+ * fix(utils): make sure to require in document properly #4152
+ * fix(model): throw overwrite error when discriminator name conflicts #4148
+
+4.4.17 / 2016-05-13
+===================
+ * docs: remove repetition in QueryStream docs #4147 [hugoabonizio](https://github.com/hugoabonizio)
+ * fix(document): dont double-validate doc array elements #4145
+ * fix(document): call required function with correct scope #4142 [JedWatson](https://github.com/JedWatson)
+
+4.4.16 / 2016-05-09
+===================
+ * refactor(document): use function reference #4133 [dciccale](https://github.com/dciccale)
+ * docs(querystream): clarify `destroy()` and close event #4126 [AnthonyCC](https://github.com/AnthonyCC)
+ * test: make before hook fail fast if it can't connect #4121
+ * docs: add description of CastError constructor params #4120
+ * fix(schematype): ensure single embedded defaults have $parent #4115
+ * fix(document): mark nested paths for validation #4111
+ * fix(schema): make sure element is always a subdoc in doc array validation #3816
+
+4.4.15 / 2016-05-06
+===================
+ * fix(schema): support overwriting array default #4109
+ * fix(populate): assign values when resolving each populate #4104
+ * fix(aggregate): dont send async option to server #4101
+ * fix(model): ensure isNew set to false after insertMany #4099
+ * fix(connection): emit on error if listeners and no callback #4098
+ * fix(document): treat required fn that returns false as required: false #4094
+
+4.4.14 / 2016-04-27
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.1.18 #4102
+ * feat(connection): allow setting mongos as a uri query param #4093 #4035 [burtonjc](https://github.com/burtonjc)
+ * fix(populate): make sure to use correct assignment order for each model #4073
+ * fix(schema): add complete set of geospatial operators for single embedded subdocs #4014
+
+3.8.40 / 2016-04-24
+===================
+ * upgraded; mquery -> 1.10.0 #3989
+
+4.4.13 / 2016-04-21
+===================
+ * docs: add docs favicons #4082 [robertjustjones](https://github.com/robertjustjones)
+ * docs(model): correct Model.remove() return value #4075 [Jokero](https://github.com/Jokero)
+ * fix(query): add $geoWithin query casting for single embedded docs #4044
+ * fix(schema): handle setting trim option to falsy #4042
+ * fix(query): handle setDefaultsOnInsert with empty update #3835
+
+4.4.12 / 2016-04-08
+===================
+ * docs(query): document context option for update and findOneAndUpdate #4055
+ * docs(query): correct link to $geoWithin docs #4050
+ * fix(project): upgrade to mongodb driver 2.1.16 #4048 [schmalliso](https://github.com/schmalliso)
+ * docs(validation): fix validation docs #4028
+ * fix(types): improve .id() check for document arrays #4011
+ * fix(query): remove premature return when using $rename #3171
+ * docs(connection): clarify relationship between models and connections #2157
+
+4.4.11 / 2016-04-03
+===================
+ * fix: upgrade to mongodb driver 2.1.14 #4036 #4030 #3945
+ * fix(connection): allow connecting with { mongos: true } to handle query params #4032 [burtonjc](https://github.com/burtonjc)
+ * docs(connection): add autoIndex example #4026 [tilleps](https://github.com/tilleps)
+ * fix(query): handle passRawResult option when zero results #4023
+ * fix(populate): clone options before modifying #4022
+ * docs: add missing whitespace #4019 [chenxsan](https://github.com/chenxsan)
+ * chore: upgrade to ESLint 2.4.0 #4015 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix(types): single nested subdocs get ids by default #4008
+ * chore(project): add dependency status badge #4007 [Maheshkumar-Kakade](http://github.com/Maheshkumar-Kakade)
+ * fix: make sure timestamps don't trigger unnecessary updates #4005 #3991 [tommarien](https://github.com/tommarien)
+ * fix(document): inspect inherits schema options #4001
+ * fix(populate): don't mark populated path as modified if setting to object w/ same id #3992
+ * fix(document): support kind argument to invalidate #3965
+
+4.4.10 / 2016-03-24
+===================
+ * fix(document): copy isNew when copying a document #3982
+ * fix(document): don't override defaults with undefined keys #3981
+ * fix(populate): merge multiple deep populate options for the same path #3974
+
+4.4.9 / 2016-03-22
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb -> 2.1.10 re https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE-679 #4010
+ * docs: add syntax highlighting for acquit examples #3975
+
+4.4.8 / 2016-03-18
+==================
+ * docs(aggregate): clarify promises #3990 [megagon](https://github.com/megagon)
+ * fix: upgrade mquery -> 1.10 #3988 [matskiv](https://github.com/matskiv)
+ * feat(connection): 'all' event for repl sets #3986 [xizhibei](https://github.com/xizhibei)
+ * docs(types): clarify Array.pull #3985 [seriousManual](https://github.com/seriousManual)
+ * feat(query): support array syntax for .sort() via mquery 1.9 #3980
+ * fix(populate): support > 3 level nested populate #3973
+ * fix: MongooseThenable exposes connection correctly #3972
+ * docs(connection): add note about reconnectTries and reconnectInterval #3969
+ * feat(document): invalidate returns the new validationError #3964
+ * fix(query): .eq() as shorthand for .equals #3953 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs(connection): clarify connection string vs passed options #3941
+ * docs(query): select option for findOneAndUpdate #3933
+ * fix(error): ValidationError.properties no longer enumerable #3925
+ * docs(validation): clarify how required validators work with nested schemas #3915
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver -> 2.1.8 to make partial index errors more sane #3864
+
+4.4.7 / 2016-03-11
+==================
+ * fix(query): stop infinite recursion caused by merging a mongoose buffer #3961
+ * fix(populate): handle deep populate array -> array #3954
+ * fix(schema): allow setting timestamps with .set() #3952 #3951 #3907 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * fix: MongooseThenable doesn't overwrite constructors #3940
+ * fix(schema): don't cast boolean to date #3935
+ * fix(drivers): support sslValidate in connection string #3929
+ * fix(types): correct markModified() for single nested subdocs #3910
+ * fix(drivers): catch and report any errors that occur in driver methods #3906
+ * fix(populate): get subpopulate model correctly when array under nested #3904
+ * fix(document): allow fields named 'pre' and 'post' #3902
+ * docs(query): clarify runValidators and setDefaultsOnInsert options #3892
+ * docs(validation): show how to use custom required messages in schema #2616
+
+4.4.6 / 2016-03-02
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver to 2.1.7 #3938
+ * docs: fix plugins link #3917 #3909 [fbertone](https://github.com/fbertone)
+ * fix(query): sort+select with count works #3914
+ * fix(query): improve mergeUpdate's ability to handle nested docs #3890
+
+4.4.5 / 2016-02-24
+==================
+ * fix(query): ability to select a length field (upgrade to mquery 1.7.0) #3903
+ * fix: include nested CastError as reason for array CastError #3897 [kotarou3](https://github.com/kotarou3)
+ * fix(schema): check for doc existence before taking fields #3889
+ * feat(schema): useNestedStrict option to take nested strict mode for update #3883
+ * docs(validation): clarify relationship between required and checkRequired #3822
+ * docs(populate): dynamic reference docs #3809
+ * docs: expand dropdown when clicking on file name #3807
+ * docs: plugins.mongoosejs.io is up #3127
+ * fix(schema): ability to add a virtual with same name as removed path #2398
+
+4.4.4 / 2016-02-17
+==================
+ * fix(schema): handle field selection when casting single nested subdocs #3880
+ * fix(populate): populating using base model with multiple child models in result #3878
+ * fix: ability to properly use return value of `mongoose.connect()` #3874
+ * fix(populate): dont hydrate populated subdoc if lean option set #3873
+ * fix(connection): dont re-auth if already connected with useDb #3871
+ * docs: cover how to set underlying driver's promise lib #3869
+ * fix(document): handle conflicting names in validation errors with subdocs #3867
+ * fix(populate): set undefined instead of null consistently when populate couldn't find results #3859
+ * docs: link to `execPopulate()` in `doc.populate()` docs #3836
+ * docs(plugin): link to the `mongoose.plugin()` function #3732
+
+4.4.3 / 2016-02-09
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade to mongodb 2.1.6 to remove kerberos log output #3861 #3860 [cartuchogl](https://github.com/cartuchogl)
+ * fix: require('mongoose') is no longer a pseudo-promise #3856
+ * fix(query): update casting for single nested docs #3820
+ * fix(populate): deep populating multiple paths with same options #3808
+ * docs(middleware): clarify save/validate hook order #1149
+
+4.4.2 / 2016-02-05
+==================
+ * fix(aggregate): handle calling .cursor() with no options #3855
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver to 2.1.5 for GridFS memory leak fix #3854
+ * docs: fix schematype.html conflict #3853 #3850 #3843
+ * fix(model): bluebird unhandled rejection with ensureIndexes() on init #3837
+ * docs: autoIndex option for createConnection #3805
+
+4.4.1 / 2016-02-03
+==================
+ * fix: linting broke some cases where we use `== null` as shorthand #3852
+ * docs: fix up schematype.html conflict #3848 #3843 [mynameiscoffey](https://github.com/mynameiscoffey)
+ * fix: backwards breaking change with `.connect()` return value #3847
+ * docs: downgrade dox and highlight.js to fix docs build #3845
+ * docs: clean up typo #3842 [Flash-](https://github.com/Flash-)
+ * fix(document): storeShard handles undefined values #3841
+ * chore: more linting #3838 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * fix(schema): handle `text: true` as a way to declare a text index #3824
+
+4.4.0 / 2016-02-02
+==================
+ * docs: fix expireAfterSeconds index option name #3831 [Flash-](https://github.com/Flash-)
+ * chore: run lint after test #3829 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * chore: use power-assert instead of assert #3828 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * chore: stricter lint #3827 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * feat(types): casting moment to date #3813 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * chore: comma-last lint for test folder #3810 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix: upgrade async mpath, mpromise, muri, and sliced #3801 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * fix(query): geo queries now return proper ES2015 promises #3800 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * perf(types): use `Object.defineProperties()` for array #3799 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * fix(model): mapReduce, ensureIndexes, remove, and save properly return ES2015 promises #3795 #3628 #3595 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * docs: fixed dates in History.md #3791 [Jokero](https://github.com/Jokero)
+ * feat: connect, open, openSet, and disconnect return ES2015 promises #3790 #3622 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * feat: custom type for int32 via mongoose-int32 npm package #3652 #3102
+ * feat: basic custom schema type API #995
+ * feat(model): `insertMany()` for more performant bulk inserts #723
+
+4.3.7 / 2016-01-23
+==================
+ * docs: grammar fix in timestamps docs #3786 [zclancy](https://github.com/zclancy)
+ * fix(document): setting nested populated docs #3783 [slamuu](https://github.com/slamuu)
+ * fix(document): don't call post save hooks twice for pushed docs #3780
+ * fix(model): handle `_id=0` correctly #3776
+ * docs(middleware): async post hooks #3770
+ * docs: remove confusing sentence #3765 [marcusmellis89](https://github.com/marcusmellis89)
+
+3.8.39 / 2016-01-15
+===================
+ * fixed; casting a number to a buffer #3764
+ * fixed; enumerating virtual property with nested objects #3743 [kusold](https://github.com/kusold)
+
+4.3.6 / 2016-01-15
+==================
+ * fix(types): casting a number to a buffer #3764
+ * fix: add "listener" to reserved keywords #3759
+ * chore: upgrade uglify #3757 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix: broken execPopulate() in 4.3.5 #3755 #3753
+ * fix: ability to remove() a single embedded doc #3754
+ * style: comma-last in test folder #3751 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * docs: clarify versionKey option #3747
+ * fix: improve colorization for arrays #3744 [TrejGun](https://github.com/TrejGun)
+ * fix: webpack build #3713
+
+4.3.5 / 2016-01-09
+==================
+ * fix(query): throw when 4th parameter to update not a function #3741 [kasselTrankos](https://github.com/kasselTrankos)
+ * fix(document): separate error type for setting an object to a primitive #3735
+ * fix(populate): Model.populate returns ES6 promise #3734
+ * fix(drivers): re-register event handlers after manual reconnect #3729
+ * docs: broken links #3727
+ * fix(validation): update validators run array validation #3724
+ * docs: clarify the need to use markModified with in-place date ops #3722
+ * fix(document): mark correct path as populated when manually populating array #3721
+ * fix(aggregate): support for array pipeline argument to append #3718 [dbkup](https://github.com/dbkup)
+ * docs: clarify `.connect()` callback #3705
+ * fix(schema): properly validate nested single nested docs #3702
+ * fix(types): handle setting documentarray of wrong type #3701
+ * docs: broken links #3700
+ * fix(drivers): debug output properly displays '0' #3689
+
+3.8.38 / 2016-01-07
+===================
+ * fixed; aggregate.append an array #3730 [dbkup](https://github.com/dbkup)
+
+4.3.4 / 2015-12-23
+==================
+ * fix: upgrade mongodb driver to 2.1.2 for repl set error #3712 [sansmischevia](https://github.com/sansmischevia)
+ * docs: validation docs typo #3709 [ivanmaeder](https://github.com/ivanmaeder)
+ * style: remove unused variables #3708 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix(schema): duck-typing for schemas #3703 [mgcrea](https://github.com/mgcrea)
+ * docs: connection sample code issue #3697
+ * fix(schema): duck-typing for schemas #3693 [mgcrea](https://github.com/mgcrea)
+ * docs: clarify id schema option #3638
+
+4.3.3 / 2015-12-18
+==================
+ * fix(connection): properly support 'replSet' as well as 'replset' #3688 [taxilian](https://github.com/taxilian)
+ * fix(document): single nested doc pre hooks called before nested doc array #3687 [aliatsis](https://github.com/aliatsis)
+
+4.3.2 / 2015-12-17
+==================
+ * fix(document): .set() into single nested schemas #3686
+ * fix(connection): support 'replSet' as well as 'replset' option #3685
+ * fix(document): bluebird unhandled rejection when validating doc arrays #3681
+ * fix(document): hooks for doc arrays in single nested schemas #3680
+ * fix(document): post hooks for single nested schemas #3679
+ * fix: remove unused npm module #3674 [sybarite](https://github.com/sybarite)
+ * fix(model): don't swallow exceptions in nested doc save callback #3671
+ * docs: update keepAlive info #3667 [ChrisZieba](https://github.com/ChrisZieba)
+ * fix(document): strict 'throw' throws a specific mongoose error #3662
+ * fix: flakey test #3332
+ * fix(query): more robust check for RegExp #2969
+
+4.3.1 / 2015-12-11
+==================
+ * feat(aggregate): `.sample()` helper #3665
+ * fix(query): bitwise query operators with buffers #3663
+ * docs(migration): clarify `new` option and findByIdAndUpdate #3661
+
+4.3.0 / 2015-12-09
+==================
+ * feat(query): support for mongodb 3.2 bitwise query operators #3660
+ * style: use comma-last style consistently #3657 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * feat: upgrade mongodb driver to 2.1.0 for full MongoDB 3.2 support #3656
+ * feat(aggregate): `.lookup()` helper #3532
+
+4.2.10 / 2015-12-08
+===================
+ * fixed; upgraded marked #3653 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * docs; cross-db populate #3648
+ * docs; update mocha URL #3646 [ojhaujjwal](https://github.com/ojhaujjwal)
+ * fixed; call close callback asynchronously #3645
+ * docs; virtuals.html issue #3644 [Psarna94](https://github.com/Psarna94)
+ * fixed; single embedded doc casting on init #3642
+ * docs; validation docs improvements #3640
+
+4.2.9 / 2015-12-02
+==================
+ * docs; defaults docs #3625
+ * fix; nested numeric keys causing an embedded document crash #3623
+ * fix; apply path getters before virtual getters #3618
+ * fix; casting for arrays in single nested schemas #3616
+
+4.2.8 / 2015-11-25
+==================
+ * docs; clean up README links #3612 [ReadmeCritic](https://github.com/ReadmeCritic)
+ * fix; ESLint improvements #3605 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fix; assigning single nested subdocs #3601
+ * docs; describe custom logging functions in `mongoose.set()` docs #3557
+
+4.2.7 / 2015-11-20
+==================
+ * fixed; readPreference connection string option #3600
+ * fixed; pulling from manually populated arrays #3598 #3579
+ * docs; FAQ about OverwriteModelError #3597 [stcruy](https://github.com/stcruy)
+ * fixed; setting single embedded schemas to null #3596
+ * fixed; indexes for single embedded schemas #3594
+ * docs; clarify projection for `findOne()` #3593 [gunar](https://github.com/gunar)
+ * fixed; .ownerDocument() method on single embedded schemas #3589
+ * fixed; properly throw casterror for query on single embedded schema #3580
+ * upgraded; mongodb driver -> 2.0.49 for reconnect issue fix #3481
+
+4.2.6 / 2015-11-16
+==================
+ * fixed; ability to manually populate an array #3575
+ * docs; clarify `isAsync` parameter to hooks #3573
+ * fixed; use captureStackTrace if possible instead #3571
+ * fixed; crash with buffer and update validators #3565 [johnpeb](https://github.com/johnpeb)
+ * fixed; update casting with operators overwrite: true #3564
+ * fixed; validation with single embedded docs #3562
+ * fixed; inline docs inherit parents $type key #3560
+ * docs; bad grammar in populate docs #3559 [amaurymedeiros](https://github.com/amaurymedeiros)
+ * fixed; properly handle populate option for find() #2321
+
+3.8.37 / 2015-11-16
+===================
+ * fixed; use retainKeyOrder for cloning update op #3572
+
+4.2.5 / 2015-11-09
+==================
+ * fixed; handle setting fields in pre update hooks with exec #3549
+ * upgraded; ESLint #3547 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; bluebird unhandled rejections with cast errors and .exec #3543
+ * fixed; min/max validators handling undefined #3539
+ * fixed; standalone mongos connections #3537
+ * fixed; call `.toObject()` when setting a single nested doc #3535
+ * fixed; single nested docs now have methods #3534
+ * fixed; single nested docs with .create() #3533 #3521 [tusbar](https://github.com/tusbar)
+ * docs; deep populate docs #3528
+ * fixed; deep populate schema ref handling #3507
+ * upgraded; mongodb driver -> 2.0.48 for sort overflow issue #3493
+ * docs; clarify default ids for discriminators #3482
+ * fixed; properly support .update(doc) #3221
+
+4.2.4 / 2015-11-02
+==================
+ * fixed; upgraded `ms` package for security vulnerability #3524 [fhemberger](https://github.com/fhemberger)
+ * fixed; ESlint rules #3517 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * docs; typo in aggregation docs #3513 [rafakato](https://github.com/rafakato)
+ * fixed; add `dontThrowCastError` option to .update() for promises #3512
+ * fixed; don't double-cast buffers in node 4.x #3510 #3496
+ * fixed; population with single embedded schemas #3501
+ * fixed; pre('set') hooks work properly #3479
+ * docs; promises guide #3441
+
+4.2.3 / 2015-10-26
+==================
+ * docs; remove unreferenced function in middleware.jade #3506
+ * fixed; handling auth with no username/password #3500 #3498 #3484 [mleanos](https://github.com/mleanos)
+ * fixed; more ESlint rules #3491 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; swallowing exceptions in save callback #3478
+ * docs; fixed broken links in subdocs guide #3477
+ * fixed; casting booleans to numbers #3475
+ * fixed; report CastError for subdoc arrays in findOneAndUpdate #3468
+ * fixed; geoNear returns ES6 promise #3458
+
+4.2.2 / 2015-10-22
+==================
+ * fixed; go back to old pluralization code #3490
+
+4.2.1 / 2015-10-22
+==================
+ * fixed; pluralization issues #3492 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+
+4.2.0 / 2015-10-22
+==================
+ * added; support for skipVersioning for document arrays #3467 [chazmo03](https://github.com/chazmo03)
+ * added; ability to customize schema 'type' key #3459 #3245
+ * fixed; writeConcern for index builds #3455
+ * added; emit event when individual index build starts #3440 [objectiveSee](https://github.com/objectiveSee)
+ * added; 'context' option for update validators #3430
+ * refactor; pluralization now in separate pluralize-mongoose npm module #3415 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * added; customizable error validation messages #3406 [geronime](https://github.com/geronime)
+ * added; support for passing 'minimize' option to update #3381
+ * added; ability to customize debug logging format #3261
+ * added; baseModelName property for discriminator models #3202
+ * added; 'emitIndexErrors' option #3174
+ * added; 'async' option for aggregation cursor to support buffering #3160
+ * added; ability to skip validation for individual save() calls #2981
+ * added; single embedded schema support #2689 #585
+ * added; depopulate function #2509
+
+4.1.12 / 2015-10-19
+===================
+ * docs; use readPreference instead of slaveOk for Query.setOptions docs #3471 [buunguyen](https://github.com/buunguyen)
+ * fixed; more helpful error when regexp contains null bytes #3456
+ * fixed; x509 auth issue #3454 [NoxHarmonium](https://github.com/NoxHarmonium)
+
+3.8.36 / 2015-10-18
+===================
+ * fixed; Make array props non-enumerable #3461 [boblauer](https://github.com/boblauer)
+
+4.1.11 / 2015-10-12
+===================
+ * fixed; update timestamps for update() if they're enabled #3450 [isayme](https://github.com/isayme)
+ * fixed; unit test error on node 0.10 #3449 [isayme](https://github.com/isayme)
+ * docs; timestamp option docs #3448 [isayme](https://github.com/isayme)
+ * docs; fix unexpected indent #3443 [isayme](https://github.com/isayme)
+ * fixed; use ES6 promises for Model.prototype.remove() #3442
+ * fixed; don't use unused 'safe' option for index builds #3439
+ * fixed; elemMatch casting bug #3437 #3435 [DefinitelyCarter](https://github.com/DefinitelyCarter)
+ * docs; schema.index docs #3434
+ * fixed; exceptions in save() callback getting swallowed on mongodb 2.4 #3371
+
+4.1.10 / 2015-10-05
+===================
+ * docs; improve virtuals docs to explain virtuals schema option #3433 [zoyaH](https://github.com/zoyaH)
+ * docs; MongoDB server version compatibility guide #3427
+ * docs; clarify that findById and findByIdAndUpdate fire hooks #3422
+ * docs; clean up Model.save() docs #3420
+ * fixed; properly handle projection with just id #3407 #3412
+ * fixed; infinite loop when database document is corrupted #3405
+ * docs; clarify remove middleware #3388
+
+4.1.9 / 2015-09-28
+==================
+ * docs; minlength and maxlength string validation docs #3368 #3413 [cosmosgenius](https://github.com/cosmosgenius)
+ * fixed; linting for infix operators #3397 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; proper casting for $all #3394
+ * fixed; unhandled rejection warnings with .create() #3391
+ * docs; clarify update validators on paths that aren't explicitly set #3386
+ * docs; custom validator examples #2778
+
+4.1.8 / 2015-09-21
+==================
+ * docs; fixed typo in example #3390 [kmctown](https://github.com/kmctown)
+ * fixed; error in toObject() #3387 [guumaster](https://github.com/guumaster)
+ * fixed; handling for casting null dates #3383 [alexmingoia](https://github.com/alexmingoia)
+ * fixed; passing composite ids to `findByIdAndUpdate` #3380
+ * fixed; linting #3376 #3375 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; added NodeJS v4 to Travis #3374 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; casting $elemMatch inside of $not #3373 [gaguirre](https://github.com/gaguirre)
+ * fixed; handle case where $slice is 0 #3369
+ * fixed; avoid running getters if path is populated #3357
+ * fixed; cast documents to objects when setting to a nested path #3346
+
+4.1.7 / 2015-09-14
+==================
+ * docs; typos in SchemaType documentation #3367 [jasson15](https://github.com/jasson15)
+ * fixed; MONGOOSE_DRIVER_PATH env variable again #3360
+ * docs; added validateSync docs #3353
+ * fixed; set findOne op synchronously in query #3344
+ * fixed; handling for `.pull()` on a documentarray without an id #3341
+ * fixed; use natural order for cloning update conditions #3338
+ * fixed; issue with strict mode casting for mixed type updates #3337
+
+4.1.6 / 2015-09-08
+==================
+ * fixed; MONGOOSE_DRIVER_PATH env variable #3345 [g13013](https://github.com/g13013)
+ * docs; global autoIndex option #3335 [albertorestifo](https://github.com/albertorestifo)
+ * docs; model documentation typos #3330
+ * fixed; report reason for CastError #3320
+ * fixed; .populate() no longer returns true after re-assigning #3308
+ * fixed; discriminators with aggregation geoNear #3304
+ * docs; discriminator docs #2743
+
+4.1.5 / 2015-09-01
+==================
+ * fixed; document.remove() removing all docs #3326 #3325
+ * fixed; connect() checks for rs_name in options #3299
+ * docs; examples for schema.set() #3288
+ * fixed; checkKeys issue with bluebird #3286 [gregthegeek](https://github.com/gregthegeek)
+
+4.1.4 / 2015-08-31
+==================
+ * fixed; ability to set strict: false for update #3305
+ * fixed; .create() properly uses ES6 promises #3297
+ * fixed; pre hooks on nested subdocs #3291 #3284 [aliatsis](https://github.com/aliatsis)
+ * docs; remove unclear text in .remove() docs #3282
+ * fixed; pre hooks called twice for 3rd-level nested doc #3281
+ * fixed; nested transforms #3279
+ * upgraded; mquery -> 1.6.3 #3278 #3272
+ * fixed; don't swallow callback errors by default #3273 #3222
+ * fixed; properly get nested paths from nested schemas #3265
+ * fixed; remove() with id undefined deleting all docs #3260 [thanpolas](https://github.com/thanpolas)
+ * fixed; handling for non-numeric projections #3256
+ * fixed; findById with id undefined returning first doc #3255
+ * fixed; use retainKeyOrder for update #3215
+ * added; passRawResult option to findOneAndUpdate for backwards compat #3173
+
+4.1.3 / 2015-08-16
+==================
+ * fixed; getUpdate() in pre update hooks #3520 [gregthegeek](https://github.com/gregthegeek)
+ * fixed; handleArray() ensures arg is an array #3238 [jloveridge](https://github.com/jloveridge)
+ * fixed; refresh required path cache when recreating docs #3199
+ * fixed; $ operator on unwind aggregation helper #3197
+ * fixed; findOneAndUpdate() properly returns raw result as third arg to callback #3173
+ * fixed; querystream with dynamic refs #3108
+
+3.8.35 / 2015-08-14
+===================
+ * fixed; handling for minimize on nested objects #2930
+ * fixed; don't crash when schema.path.options undefined #1824
+
+4.1.2 / 2015-08-10
+==================
+ * fixed; better handling for Jade templates #3241 [kbadk](https://github.com/kbadk)
+ * added; ESlint trailing spaces #3234 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * added; ESlint #3191 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; properly emit event on disconnect #3183
+ * fixed; copy options properly using Query.toConstructor() #3176
+ * fixed; setMaxListeners() issue in browser build #3170
+ * fixed; node driver -> 2.0.40 to not store undefined keys as null #3169
+ * fixed; update validators handle positional operator #3167
+ * fixed; handle $all + $elemMatch query casting #3163
+ * fixed; post save hooks don't swallow extra args #3155
+ * docs; spelling mistake in index.jade #3154
+ * fixed; don't crash when toObject() has no fields #3130
+ * fixed; apply toObject() recursively for find and update queries #3086 [naoina](https://github.com/naoina)
+
+4.1.1 / 2015-08-03
+==================
+ * fixed; aggregate exec() crash with no callback #3212 #3198 [jpgarcia](https://github.com/jpgarcia)
+ * fixed; pre init hooks now properly synchronous #3207 [burtonjc](https://github.com/burtonjc)
+ * fixed; updateValidators doesn't flatten dates #3206 #3194 [victorkohl](https://github.com/victorkohl)
+ * fixed; default fields don't make document dirty between saves #3205 [burtonjc](https://github.com/burtonjc)
+ * fixed; save passes 0 as numAffected rather than undefined when no change #3195 [burtonjc](https://github.com/burtonjc)
+ * fixed; better handling for positional operator in update #3185
+ * fixed; use Travis containers #3181 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+ * fixed; leaked variable #3180 [ChristianMurphy](https://github.com/ChristianMurphy)
+
+4.1.0 / 2015-07-24
+==================
+ * added; `schema.queue()` now public #3193
+ * added; raw result as third parameter to findOneAndX callback #3173
+ * added; ability to run validateSync() on only certain fields #3153
+ * added; subPopulate #3103 [timbur](https://github.com/timbur)
+ * added; $isDefault function on documents #3077
+ * added; additional properties for built-in validator messages #3063 [KLicheR](https://github.com/KLicheR)
+ * added; getQuery() and getUpdate() functions for Query #3013
+ * added; export DocumentProvider #2996
+ * added; ability to remove path from schema #2993 [JohnnyEstilles](https://github.com/JohnnyEstilles)
+ * added; .explain() helper for aggregate #2714
+ * added; ability to specify which ES6-compatible promises library mongoose uses #2688
+ * added; export Aggregate #1910
+
+4.0.8 / 2015-07-20
+==================
+ * fixed; assignment with document arrays #3178 [rosston](https://github.com/rosston)
+ * docs; remove duplicate paragraph #3164 [rhmeeuwisse](https://github.com/rhmeeuwisse)
+ * docs; improve findOneAndXYZ parameter descriptions #3159 [rhmeeuwisse](https://github.com/rhmeeuwisse)
+ * docs; add findOneAndRemove to list of supported middleware #3158
+ * docs; clarify ensureIndex #3156
+ * fixed; refuse to save/remove document without id #3118
+ * fixed; hooks next() no longer accidentally returns promise #3104
+ * fixed; strict mode for findOneAndUpdate #2947
+ * added; .min.js.gz file for browser component #2806
+
+3.8.34 / 2015-07-20
+===================
+ * fixed; allow using $rename #3171
+ * fixed; no longer modifies update arguments #3008
+
+4.0.7 / 2015-07-11
+==================
+ * fixed; documentarray id method when using object id #3157 [siboulet](https://github.com/siboulet)
+ * docs; improve findById docs #3147
+ * fixed; update validators handle null properly #3136 [odeke-em](https://github.com/odeke-em)
+ * docs; jsdoc syntax errors #3128 [rhmeeuwisse](https://github.com/rhmeeuwisse)
+ * docs; fix typo #3126 [rhmeeuwisse](https://github.com/rhmeeuwisse)
+ * docs; proper formatting in queries.jade #3121 [rhmeeuwisse](https://github.com/rhmeeuwisse)
+ * docs; correct example for string maxlength validator #3111 [rhmeeuwisse](https://github.com/rhmeeuwisse)
+ * fixed; setDefaultsOnInsert with arrays #3107
+ * docs; LearnBoost -> Automattic in package.json #3099
+ * docs; pre update hook example #3094 [danpe](https://github.com/danpe)
+ * docs; clarify query middleware example #3051
+ * fixed; ValidationErrors in strict mode #3046
+ * fixed; set findOneAndUpdate properties before hooks run #3024
+
+3.8.33 / 2015-07-10
+===================
+ * upgraded; node driver -> 1.4.38
+ * fixed; dont crash when `match` validator undefined
+
+4.0.6 / 2015-06-21
+==================
+ * upgraded; node driver -> 2.0.34 #3087
+ * fixed; apply setters on addToSet, etc #3067 [victorkohl](https://github.com/victorkohl)
+ * fixed; missing semicolons #3065 [sokolikp](https://github.com/sokolikp)
+ * fixed; proper handling for async doc hooks #3062 [gregthegeek](https://github.com/gregthegeek)
+ * fixed; dont set failed populate field to null if other docs are successfully populated #3055 [eloytoro](https://github.com/eloytoro)
+ * fixed; setDefaultsOnInsert with document arrays #3034 [taxilian](https://github.com/taxilian)
+ * fixed; setters fired on array items #3032
+ * fixed; stop validateSync() on first error #3025 [victorkohl](https://github.com/victorkohl)
+ * docs; improve query docs #3016
+ * fixed; always exclude _id when its deselected #3010
+ * fixed; enum validator kind property #3009
+ * fixed; mquery collection names #3005
+ * docs; clarify mongos option #3000
+ * docs; clarify that query builder has a .then() #2995
+ * fixed; race condition in dynamic ref #2992
+
+3.8.31 / 2015-06-20
+===================
+ * fixed; properly handle text search with discriminators and $meta #2166
+
+4.0.5 / 2015-06-05
+==================
+ * fixed; ObjectIds and buffers when mongodb driver is a sibling dependency #3050 #3048 #3040 #3031 #3020 #2988 #2951
+ * fixed; warn user when 'increment' is used in schema #3039
+ * fixed; setDefaultsOnInsert with array in schema #3035
+ * fixed; dont use default Object toString to cast to string #3030
+ * added; npm badge #3020 [odeke-em](https://github.com/odeke-em)
+ * fixed; proper handling for calling .set() with a subdoc #2782
+ * fixed; dont throw cast error when using $rename on non-string path #1845
+
+3.8.30 / 2015-06-05
+===================
+ * fixed; enable users to set all options with tailable() #2883
+
+4.0.4 / 2015-05-28
+==================
+ * docs; findAndModify new parameter correct default value #3012 [JonForest](https://github.com/JonForest)
+ * docs; clarify pluralization rules #2999 [anonmily](https://github.com/anonmily)
+ * fix; discriminators with schema methods #2978
+ * fix; make `isModified` a schema reserved keyword #2975
+ * fix; properly fire setters when initializing path with object #2943
+ * fix; can use `setDefaultsOnInsert` without specifying `runValidators` #2938
+ * fix; always set validation errors `kind` property #2885
+ * upgraded; node driver -> 2.0.33 #2865
+
+3.8.29 / 2015-05-27
+===================
+ * fixed; Handle JSON.stringify properly for nested docs #2990
+
+4.0.3 / 2015-05-13
+==================
+ * upgraded; mquery -> 1.5.1 #2983
+ * docs; clarify context for query middleware #2974
+ * docs; fix missing type -> kind rename in History.md #2961
+ * fixed; broken ReadPreference include on Heroku #2957
+ * docs; correct form for cursor aggregate option #2955
+ * fixed; sync post hooks now properly called after function #2949 #2925
+ * fixed; fix sub-doc validate() function #2929
+ * upgraded; node driver -> 2.0.30 #2926
+ * docs; retainKeyOrder for save() #2924
+ * docs; fix broken class names #2913
+ * fixed; error when using node-clone on a doc #2909
+ * fixed; no more hard references to bson #2908 #2906
+ * fixed; dont overwrite array values #2907 [naoina](https://github.com/naoina)
+ * fixed; use readPreference=primary for findOneAndUpdate #2899 #2823
+ * docs; clarify that update validators only run on $set and $unset #2889
+ * fixed; set kind consistently for built-in validators #2885
+ * docs; single field populated documents #2884
+ * fixed; nested objects are now enumerable #2880 [toblerpwn](https://github.com/toblerpwn)
+ * fixed; properly populate field when ref, lean, stream used together #2841
+ * docs; fixed migration guide jade error #2807
+
+3.8.28 / 2015-05-12
+===================
+ * fixed; proper handling for toJSON options #2910
+ * fixed; dont attach virtuals to embedded docs in update() #2046
+
+4.0.2 / 2015-04-23
+==================
+ * fixed; error thrown when calling .validate() on subdoc not in an array #2902
+ * fixed; rename define() to play nice with webpack #2900 [jspears](https://github.com/jspears)
+ * fixed; pre validate called twice with discriminators #2892
+ * fixed; .inspect() on mongoose.Types #2875
+ * docs; correct callback params for Model.update #2872
+ * fixed; setDefaultsOnInsert now works when runValidators not specified #2870
+ * fixed; Document now wraps EventEmitter.addListener #2867
+ * fixed; call non-hook functions in schema queue #2856
+ * fixed; statics can be mocked out for tests #2848 [ninelb](https://github.com/ninelb)
+ * upgraded; mquery 1.4.0 for bluebird bug fix #2846
+ * fixed; required validators run first #2843
+ * docs; improved docs for new option to findAndMody #2838
+ * docs; populate example now uses correct field #2837 [swilliams](https://github.com/swilliams)
+ * fixed; pre validate changes causing VersionError #2835
+ * fixed; get path from correct place when setting CastError #2832
+ * docs; improve docs for Model.update() function signature #2827 [irnc](https://github.com/irnc)
+ * fixed; populating discriminators #2825 [chetverikov](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+ * fixed; discriminators with nested schemas #2821
+ * fixed; CastErrors with embedded docs #2819
+ * fixed; post save hook context #2816
+ * docs; 3.8.x -> 4.x migration guide #2807
+ * fixed; proper _distinct copying for query #2765 [cdelauder](https://github.com/cdelauder)
+
+3.8.27 / 2015-04-22
+===================
+ * fixed; dont duplicate db calls on Q.ninvoke() #2864
+ * fixed; Model.find arguments naming in docs #2828
+ * fixed; Support ipv6 in connection strings #2298
+
+3.8.26 / 2015-04-07
+===================
+ * fixed; TypeError when setting date to undefined #2833
+ * fixed; handle CastError properly in distinct() with no callback #2786
+ * fixed; broken links in queries docs #2779
+ * fixed; dont mark buffer as modified when setting type initially #2738
+ * fixed; dont crash when using slice with populate #1934
+
+4.0.1 / 2015-03-28
+==================
+ * fixed; properly handle empty cast doc in update() with promises #2796
+ * fixed; unstable warning #2794
+ * fixed; findAndModify docs now show new option is false by default #2793
+
+4.0.0 / 2015-03-25
+==================
+ * fixed; on-the-fly schema docs typo #2783 [artiifix](https://github.com/artiifix)
+ * fixed; cast error validation handling #2775 #2766 #2678
+ * fixed; discriminators with populate() #2773 #2719 [chetverikov](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+ * fixed; increment now a reserved path #2709
+ * fixed; avoid sending duplicate object ids in populate() #2683
+ * upgraded; mongodb to 2.0.24 to properly emit reconnect event multiple times #2656
+
+4.0.0-rc4 / 2015-03-14
+======================
+ * fixed; toObject virtuals schema option handled properly #2751
+ * fixed; update validators work on document arrays #2733
+ * fixed; check for cast errors on $set #2729
+ * fixed; instance field set for all schema types #2727 [csdco](https://github.com/csdco)
+ * fixed; dont run other validators if required fails #2725
+ * fixed; custom getters execute on ref paths #2610
+ * fixed; save defaults if they were set when doc was loaded from db #2558
+ * fixed; pre validate now runs before pre save #2462
+ * fixed; no longer throws errors with --use_strict #2281
+
+3.8.25 / 2015-03-13
+===================
+ * fixed; debug output reverses order of aggregation keys #2759
+ * fixed; $eq is a valid query selector in 3.0 #2752
+ * fixed; upgraded node driver to 1.4.32 for handling non-numeric poolSize #2682
+ * fixed; update() with overwrite sets _id for nested docs #2658
+ * fixed; casting for operators in $elemMatch #2199
+
+4.0.0-rc3 / 2015-02-28
+======================
+ * fixed; update() pre hooks run before validators #2706
+ * fixed; setters not called on arrays of refs #2698 [brandom](https://github.com/brandom)
+ * fixed; use node driver 2.0.18 for nodejs 0.12 support #2685
+ * fixed; comments reference file that no longer exists #2681
+ * fixed; populated() returns _id of manually populated doc #2678
+ * added; ability to exclude version key in toObject() #2675
+ * fixed; dont allow setting nested path to a string #2592
+ * fixed; can cast objects with _id field to ObjectIds #2581
+ * fixed; on-the-fly schema getters #2360
+ * added; strict option for findOneAndUpdate() #1967
+
+3.8.24 / 2015-02-25
+===================
+ * fixed; properly apply child schema transforms #2691
+ * fixed; make copy of findOneAndUpdate options before modifying #2687
+ * fixed; apply defaults when parent path is selected #2670 #2629
+ * fixed; properly get ref property for nested paths #2665
+ * fixed; node driver makes copy of authenticate options before modifying them #2619
+ * fixed; dont block process exit when auth fails #2599
+ * fixed; remove redundant clone in update() #2537
+
+4.0.0-rc2 / 2015-02-10
+======================
+ * added; io.js to travis build
+ * removed; browser build dependencies not installed by default
+ * added; dynamic refpaths #2640 [chetverikov](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+ * fixed; dont call child schema transforms on parent #2639 [chetverikov](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+ * fixed; get rid of remove option if new is set in findAndModify #2598
+ * fixed; aggregate all document array validation errors #2589
+ * fixed; custom setters called when setting value to undefined #1892
+
+3.8.23 / 2015-02-06
+===================
+ * fixed; unset opts.remove when upsert is true #2519
+ * fixed; array saved as object when path is object in array #2442
+ * fixed; inline transforms #2440
+ * fixed; check for callback in count() #2204
+ * fixed; documentation for selecting fields #1534
+
+4.0.0-rc1 / 2015-02-01
+======================
+ * fixed; use driver 2.0.14
+ * changed; use transform: true by default #2245
+
+4.0.0-rc0 / 2015-01-31
+===================
+ * fixed; wrong order for distinct() params #2628
+ * fixed; handling no query argument to remove() #2627
+ * fixed; createModel and discriminators #2623 [ashaffer](https://github.com/ashaffer)
+ * added; pre('count') middleware #2621
+ * fixed; double validation calls on document arrays #2618
+ * added; validate() catches cast errors #2611
+ * fixed; respect replicaSet parameter in connection string #2609
+ * added; can explicitly exclude paths from versioning #2576 [csabapalfi](https://github.com/csabapalfi)
+ * upgraded; driver to 2.0.15 #2552
+ * fixed; save() handles errors more gracefully in ES6 #2371
+ * fixed; undefined is now a valid argument to findOneAndUpdate #2272
+ * changed; `new` option to findAndModify ops is false by default #2262
+
+3.8.22 / 2015-01-24
+===================
+ * upgraded; node-mongodb-native to 1.4.28 #2587 [Climax777](https://github.com/Climax777)
+ * added; additional documentation for validators #2449
+ * fixed; stack overflow when creating massive arrays #2423
+ * fixed; undefined is a valid id for queries #2411
+ * fixed; properly create nested schema index when same schema used twice #2322
+ * added; link to plugin generator in docs #2085 [huei90](https://github.com/huei90)
+ * fixed; optional arguments documentation for findOne() #1971 [nachinius](https://github.com/nachinius)
+
+3.9.7 / 2014-12-19
+===================
+ * added; proper cursors for aggregate #2539 [changyy](https://github.com/changyy)
+ * added; min/max built-in validators for dates #2531 [bshamblen](https://github.com/bshamblen)
+ * fixed; save and validate are now reserved keywords #2380
+ * added; basic documentation for browser component #2256
+ * added; find and findOne hooks (query middleware) #2138
+ * fixed; throw a DivergentArrayError when saving positional operator queries #2031
+ * added; ability to use options as a document property #1416
+ * fixed; document no longer inherits from event emitter and so domain and _events are no longer reserved #1351
+ * removed; setProfiling #1349
+
+3.8.21 / 2014-12-18
+===================
+ * fixed; syntax in index.jade #2517 [elderbas](https://github.com/elderbas)
+ * fixed; writable statics #2510 #2528
+ * fixed; overwrite and explicit $set casting #2515
+
+3.9.6 / 2014-12-05
+===================
+ * added; correctly run validators on each element of array when entire array is modified #661 #1227
+ * added; castErrors in validation #1013 [jondavidjohn](https://github.com/jondavidjohn)
+ * added; specify text indexes in schema fields #1401 [sr527](https://github.com/sr527)
+ * added; ability to set field with validators to undefined #1594 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * added; .create() returns an array when passed an array #1746 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * added; test suite and docs for use with co and yield #2177 #2474
+ * fixed; subdocument toObject() transforms #2447 [chmanie](https://github.com/chmanie)
+ * fixed; Model.create() with save errors #2484
+ * added; pass options to .save() and .remove() #2494 [jondavidjohn](https://github.com/jondavidjohn)
+
+3.8.20 / 2014-12-01
+===================
+ * fixed; recursive readPref #2490 [kjvalencik](https://github.com/kjvalencik)
+ * fixed; make sure to copy parameters to update() before modifying #2406 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * fixed; unclear documentation about query callbacks #2319
+ * fixed; setting a schema-less field to an empty object #2314 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * fixed; registering statics and methods for discriminators #2167 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+
+3.9.5 / 2014-11-10
+===================
+ * added; ability to disable autoIndex on a per-connection basis #1875 [sr527](https://github.com/sr527)
+ * fixed; `geoNear()` no longer enforces legacy coordinate pairs - supports GeoJSON #1987 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * fixed; browser component works when minified with mangled variable names #2302
+ * fixed; `doc.errors` now cleared before `validate()` called #2302
+ * added; `execPopulate()` function to make `doc.populate()` compatible with promises #2317
+ * fixed; `count()` no longer throws an error when used with `sort()` #2374
+ * fixed; `save()` no longer recursively calls `save()` on populated fields #2418
+
+3.8.19 / 2014-11-09
+===================
+ * fixed; make sure to not override subdoc _ids on find #2276 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * fixed; exception when comparing two documents when one lacks _id #2333 [slawo](https://github.com/slawo)
+ * fixed; getters for properties with non-strict schemas #2439 [alabid](https://github.com/alabid)
+ * fixed; inconsistent URI format in docs #2414 [sr527](https://github.com/sr527)
+
+3.9.4 / 2014-10-25
+==================
+ * fixed; statics no longer can be overwritten #2343 [nkcmr](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+ * added; ability to set single populated paths to documents #1530
+ * added; setDefaultsOnInsert and runValidator options for findOneAndUpdate() #860
+
+3.8.18 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+ * fixed; Dont use all toObject options in save #2340 [chetverikov](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+
+3.9.3 / 2014-10-01
+=================
+ * added; support for virtuals that return objects #2294
+ * added; ability to manually hydrate POJOs into mongoose objects #2292
+ * added; setDefaultsOnInsert and runValidator options for update() #860
+
+3.8.17 / 2014-09-29
+==================
+ * fixed; use schema options retainKeyOrder in save() #2274
+ * fixed; fix skip in populate when limit is set #2252
+ * fixed; fix stack overflow when passing MongooseArray to findAndModify #2214
+ * fixed; optimize .length usage in populate #2289
+
+3.9.2 / 2014-09-08
+==================
+ * added; test coverage for browser component #2255
+ * added; in-order execution of validators #2243
+ * added; custom fields for validators #2132
+ * removed; exception thrown when find() used with count() #1950
+
+3.8.16 / 2014-09-08
+==================
+ * fixed; properly remove modified array paths if array has been overwritten #1638
+ * fixed; key check errors #1884
+ * fixed; make sure populate on an array always returns a Mongoose array #2214
+ * fixed; SSL connections with node 0.11 #2234
+ * fixed; return sensible strings for promise errors #2239
+
+3.9.1 / 2014-08-17
+==================
+ * added; alpha version of browser-side schema validation #2254
+ * added; support passing a function to schemas `required` field #2247
+ * added; support for setting updatedAt and createdAt timestamps #2227
+ * added; document.validate() returns a promise #2131
+
+3.8.15 / 2014-08-17
+==================
+ * fixed; Replica set connection string example in docs #2246
+ * fixed; bubble up parseError event #2229
+ * fixed; removed buggy populate cache #2176
+ * fixed; dont $inc versionKey if its being $set #1933
+ * fixed; cast $or and $and in $pull #1932
+ * fixed; properly cast to schema in stream() #1862
+ * fixed; memory leak in nested objects #1565 #2211 [devongovett](https://github.com/devongovett)
+
+3.8.14 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+ * fixed; stringifying MongooseArray shows nested arrays #2002
+ * fixed; use populated doc schema in toObject and toJSON by default #2035
+ * fixed; dont crash on arrays containing null #2140
+ * fixed; model.update w/ upsert has same return values on .exec and promise #2143
+ * fixed; better handling for populate limit with multiple documents #2151
+ * fixed; dont prevent users from adding weights to text index #2183
+ * fixed; helper for aggregation cursor #2187
+ * updated; node-mongodb-native to 1.4.7
+
+3.8.13 / 2014-07-15
+==================
+ * fixed; memory leak with isNew events #2159
+ * fixed; docs for overwrite option for update() #2144
+ * fixed; storeShard() handles dates properly #2127
+ * fixed; sub-doc changes not getting persisted to db after save #2082
+ * fixed; populate with _id: 0 actually removes _id instead of setting to undefined #2123
+ * fixed; save versionKey on findOneAndUpdate w/ upsert #2122
+ * fixed; fix typo in 2.8 docs #2120 [shakirullahi](https://github.com/shakirullahi)
+ * fixed; support maxTimeMs #2102 [yuukinajima](https://github.com/yuukinajima)
+ * fixed; support $currentDate #2019
+ * fixed; $addToSet handles objects without _ids properly #1973
+ * fixed; dont crash on invalid nearSphere query #1874
+
+3.8.12 / 2014-05-30
+==================
+ * fixed; single-server reconnect event fires #1672
+ * fixed; sub-docs not saved when pushed into populated array #1794
+ * fixed; .set() sometimes converts embedded docs to pojos #1954 [archangel-irk](https://github.com/archangel-irk)
+ * fixed; sub-doc changes not getting persisted to db after save #2082
+ * fixed; custom getter might cause mongoose to mistakenly think a path is dirty #2100 [pgherveou](https://github.com/pgherveou)
+ * fixed; chainable helper for allowDiskUse option in aggregation #2114
+
+3.9.0 (unstable) / 2014-05-22
+==================
+ * changed; added `domain` to reserved keywords #1338 #2052 [antoinepairet](https://github.com/antoinepairet)
+ * added; asynchronous post hooks #1977 #2081 [chopachom](https://github.com/chopachom) [JasonGhent](https://github.com/JasonGhent)
+ * added; using model for population, cross-db populate [mihai-chiorean](https://github.com/mihai-chiorean)
+ * added; can define a type for schema validators
+ * added; `doc.remove()` returns a promise #1619 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * added; internal promises for hooks, pre-save hooks run in parallel #1732 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * fixed; geoSearch hanging when no results returned #1846 [ghartnett](https://github.com/ghartnett)
+ * fixed; do not set .type property on ValidationError, use .kind instead #1323
+
+3.8.11 / 2014-05-22
+==================
+ * updated; node-mongodb-native to 1.4.5
+ * reverted; #2052, fixes #2097
+
+3.8.10 / 2014-05-20
+==================
+
+ * updated; node-mongodb-native to 1.4.4
+ * fixed; _.isEqual false negatives bug in js-bson #2070
+ * fixed; missing check for schema.options #2014
+ * fixed; missing support for $position #2024
+ * fixed; options object corruption #2049
+ * fixed; improvements to virtuals docs #2055
+ * fixed; added `domain` to reserved keywords #2052 #1338
+
+3.8.9 / 2014-05-08
+==================
+
+ * updated; mquery to 0.7.0
+ * updated; node-mongodb-native to 1.4.3
+ * fixed; $near failing against MongoDB 2.6
+ * fixed; relying on .options() to determine if collection exists
+ * fixed; $out aggregate helper
+ * fixed; all test failures against MongoDB 2.6.1, with caveat #2065
+
+3.8.8 / 2014-02-22
+==================
+
+ * fixed; saving Buffers #1914
+ * updated; expose connection states for user-land #1926 [yorkie](https://github.com/yorkie)
+ * updated; mquery to 0.5.3
+ * updated; added get / set to reserved path list #1903 [tstrimple](https://github.com/tstrimple)
+ * docs; README code highlighting, syntax fixes #1930 [IonicaBizau](https://github.com/IonicaBizau)
+ * docs; fixes link in the doc at #1925 [kapeels](https://github.com/kapeels)
+ * docs; add a missed word 'hook' for the description of the post-hook api #1924 [ipoval](https://github.com/ipoval)
+
+3.8.7 / 2014-02-09
+==================
+
+ * fixed; sending safe/read options in Query#exec #1895
+ * fixed; findOneAnd..() with sort #1887
+
+3.8.6 / 2014-01-30
+==================
+
+ * fixed; setting readPreferences #1895
+
+3.8.5 / 2014-01-23
+==================
+
+ * fixed; ssl setting when using URI #1882
+ * fixed; findByIdAndUpdate now respects the overwrite option #1809 [owenallenaz](https://github.com/owenallenaz)
+
+3.8.4 / 2014-01-07
+==================
+
+ * updated; mongodb driver to 1.3.23
+ * updated; mquery to 0.4.1
+ * updated; mpromise to 0.4.3
+ * fixed; discriminators now work when selecting fields #1820 [daemon1981](https://github.com/daemon1981)
+ * fixed; geoSearch with no results timeout #1846 [ghartnett](https://github.com/ghartnett)
+ * fixed; infitite recursion in ValidationError #1834 [chetverikov](https://github.com/chetverikov)
+
+3.8.3 / 2013-12-17
+==================
+
+ * fixed; setting empty array with model.update #1838
+ * docs; fix url
+
+3.8.2 / 2013-12-14
+==================
+
+ * fixed; enum validation of multiple values #1778 [heroicyang](https://github.com/heroicyang)
+ * fixed; global var leak #1803
+ * fixed; post remove now fires on subdocs #1810
+ * fixed; no longer set default empty array for geospatial-indexed fields #1668 [shirish87](https://github.com/shirish87)
+ * fixed; model.stream() not hydrating discriminators correctly #1792 [j](https://github.com/j)
+ * docs: Stablility -> Stability [nikmartin](https://github.com/nikmartin)
+ * tests; improve shard error handling
+
+3.8.1 / 2013-11-19
+==================
+
+ * fixed; mishandling of Dates with minimize/getters #1764
+ * fixed; Normalize bugs.email, so `npm` will shut up #1769 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * docs; Improve the grammar where "lets us" was used #1777 [alexyoung](https://github.com/alexyoung)
+ * docs; Fix some grammatical issues in the documentation #1777 [alexyoung](https://github.com/alexyoung)
+ * docs; fix Query api exposure
+ * docs; fix return description
+ * docs; Added Notes on findAndUpdate() #1750 [sstadelman](https://github.com/sstadelman)
+ * docs; Update version number in README #1762 [Fodi69](https://github.com/Fodi69)
+
+3.8.0 / 2013-10-31
+==================
+
+ * updated; warn when using an unstable version
+ * updated; error message returned in doc.save() #1595
+ * updated; mongodb driver to 1.3.19 (fix error swallowing behavior)
+ * updated; mquery to 0.3.2
+ * updated; mocha to 1.12.0
+ * updated; mpromise 0.3.0
+ * updated; sliced 0.0.5
+ * removed; mongoose.Error.DocumentError (never used)
+ * removed; namedscope (undocumented and broken) #679 #642 #455 #379
+ * changed; no longer offically supporting node 0.6.x
+ * changed; query.within getter is now a method -> query.within()
+ * changed; query.intersects getter is now a method -> query.intersects()
+ * added; custom error msgs for built-in validators #747
+ * added; discriminator support #1647 #1003 [j](https://github.com/j)
+ * added; support disabled collection name pluralization #1350 #1707 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * added; support for GeoJSON to Query#near [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; stand-alone base query support - query.toConstructor() [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; promise support to geoSearch #1614 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; promise support for geoNear #1614 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; connection.useDb() #1124 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; promise support to model.mapReduce()
+ * added; promise support to model.ensureIndexes()
+ * added; promise support to model.populate()
+ * added; benchmarks [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; publicly exposed connection states #1585
+ * added; $geoWithin support #1529 $1455 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; query method chain validation
+ * added; model.update `overwrite` option
+ * added; model.geoNear() support #1563 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; model.geoSearch() support #1560 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * added; MongooseBuffer#subtype()
+ * added; model.create() now returns a promise #1340
+ * added; support for `awaitdata` query option
+ * added; pass the doc to doc.remove() callback #1419 [JoeWagner](https://github.com/JoeWagner)
+ * added; aggregation query builder #1404 [njoyard](https://github.com/njoyard)
+ * fixed; document.toObject when using `minimize` and `getters` options #1607 [JedWatson](https://github.com/JedWatson)
+ * fixed; Mixed types can now be required #1722 [Reggino](https://github.com/Reggino)
+ * fixed; do not pluralize model names not ending with letters #1703 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * fixed; repopulating modified populated paths #1697
+ * fixed; doc.equals() when _id option is set to false #1687
+ * fixed; strict mode warnings #1686
+ * fixed; $near GeoJSON casting #1683
+ * fixed; nearSphere GeoJSON query builder
+ * fixed; population field selection w/ strings #1669
+ * fixed; setters not firing on null values #1445 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; handle another versioning edge case #1520
+ * fixed; excluding subdocument fields #1280 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; allow array properties to be set to null with findOneAndUpdate [aheuermann](https://github.com/aheuermann)
+ * fixed; subdocuments now use own toJSON opts #1376 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; model#geoNear fulfills promise when results empty #1658 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; utils.merge no longer overrides props and methods #1655 [j](https://github.com/j)
+ * fixed; subdocuments now use their own transform #1412 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; model.remove() removes only what is necessary #1649
+ * fixed; update() now only runs with cb or explicit true #1644
+ * fixed; casting ref docs on creation #1606 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; model.update "overwrite" option works as documented
+ * fixed; query#remove() works as documented
+ * fixed; "limit" correctly applies to individual items on population #1490 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; issue with positional operator on ref docs #1572 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * fixed; benchmarks to actually output valid json
+ * deprecated; promise#addBack (use promise#onResolve)
+ * deprecated; promise#complete (use promise#fulfill)
+ * deprecated; promise#addCallback (use promise#onFulFill)
+ * deprecated; promise#addErrback (use promise#onReject)
+ * deprecated; query.nearSphere() (use query.near)
+ * deprecated; query.center() (use query.circle)
+ * deprecated; query.centerSphere() (use query.circle)
+ * deprecated; query#slaveOk (use query#read)
+ * docs; custom validator messages
+ * docs; 10gen -> MongoDB
+ * docs; add Date method caveats #1598
+ * docs; more validation details
+ * docs; state which branch is stable/unstable
+ * docs; mention that middleware does not run on Models
+ * docs; promise.fulfill()
+ * docs; fix readme spelling #1483 [yorchopolis](https://github.com/yorchopolis)
+ * docs; fixed up the README and examples [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+ * website; add "show code" for properties
+ * website; move "show code" links down
+ * website; update guide
+ * website; add unstable docs
+ * website; many improvements
+ * website; fix copyright #1439
+ * website; server.js -> static.js #1546 [nikmartin](https://github.com/nikmartin)
+ * tests; refactor 1703
+ * tests; add test generator
+ * tests; validate formatMessage() throws
+ * tests; add script for continuously running tests
+ * tests; fixed versioning tests
+ * tests; race conditions in tests
+ * tests; added for nested and/or queries
+ * tests; close some test connections
+ * tests; validate db contents
+ * tests; remove .only
+ * tests; close some test connections
+ * tests; validate db contents
+ * tests; remove .only
+ * tests; replace deprecated method names
+ * tests; convert id to string
+ * tests; fix sharding tests for MongoDB 2.4.5
+ * tests; now 4-5 seconds faster
+ * tests; fix race condition
+ * make; suppress warning msg in test
+ * benchmarks; updated for pull requests
+ * examples; improved and expanded [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+
+3.7.4 (unstable) / 2013-10-01
+=============================
+
+ * updated; mquery to 0.3.2
+ * removed; mongoose.Error.DocumentError (never used)
+ * added; custom error msgs for built-in validators #747
+ * added; discriminator support #1647 #1003 [j](https://github.com/j)
+ * added; support disabled collection name pluralization #1350 #1707 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * fixed; do not pluralize model names not ending with letters #1703 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * fixed; repopulating modified populated paths #1697
+ * fixed; doc.equals() when _id option is set to false #1687
+ * fixed; strict mode warnings #1686
+ * fixed; $near GeoJSON casting #1683
+ * fixed; nearSphere GeoJSON query builder
+ * fixed; population field selection w/ strings #1669
+ * docs; custom validator messages
+ * docs; 10gen -> MongoDB
+ * docs; add Date method caveats #1598
+ * docs; more validation details
+ * website; add "show code" for properties
+ * website; move "show code" links down
+ * tests; refactor 1703
+ * tests; add test generator
+ * tests; validate formatMessage() throws
+
+3.7.3 (unstable) / 2013-08-22
+=============================
+
+  * updated; warn when using an unstable version
+  * updated; mquery to 0.3.1
+  * updated; mocha to 1.12.0
+  * updated; mongodb driver to 1.3.19 (fix error swallowing behavior)
+  * changed; no longer offically supporting node 0.6.x
+  * added; support for GeoJSON to Query#near [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; stand-alone base query support - query.toConstructor() [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; promise support to geoSearch #1614 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; promise support for geoNear #1614 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; setters not firing on null values #1445 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; handle another versioning edge case #1520
+  * fixed; excluding subdocument fields #1280 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; allow array properties to be set to null with findOneAndUpdate [aheuermann](https://github.com/aheuermann)
+  * fixed; subdocuments now use own toJSON opts #1376 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; model#geoNear fulfills promise when results empty #1658 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; utils.merge no longer overrides props and methods #1655 [j](https://github.com/j)
+  * fixed; subdocuments now use their own transform #1412 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * make; suppress warning msg in test
+  * docs; state which branch is stable/unstable
+  * docs; mention that middleware does not run on Models
+  * tests; add script for continuously running tests
+  * tests; fixed versioning tests
+  * benchmarks; updated for pull requests
+
+3.7.2 (unstable) / 2013-08-15
+==================
+
+  * fixed; model.remove() removes only what is necessary #1649
+  * fixed; update() now only runs with cb or explicit true #1644
+  * tests; race conditions in tests
+  * website; update guide
+
+3.7.1 (unstable) / 2013-08-13
+=============================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.18 (fixes memory leak)
+  * added; connection.useDb() #1124 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; promise support to model.mapReduce()
+  * added; promise support to model.ensureIndexes()
+  * added; promise support to model.populate()
+  * fixed; casting ref docs on creation #1606 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; model.update "overwrite" option works as documented
+  * fixed; query#remove() works as documented
+  * fixed; "limit" correctly applies to individual items on population #1490 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; issue with positional operator on ref docs #1572 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; benchmarks to actually output valid json
+  * tests; added for nested and/or queries
+  * tests; close some test connections
+  * tests; validate db contents
+  * tests; remove .only
+  * tests; close some test connections
+  * tests; validate db contents
+  * tests; remove .only
+  * tests; replace deprecated method names
+  * tests; convert id to string
+  * docs; promise.fulfill()
+
+3.7.0 (unstable) / 2013-08-05
+===================
+
+  * changed; query.within getter is now a method -> query.within()
+  * changed; query.intersects getter is now a method -> query.intersects()
+  * deprecated; promise#addBack (use promise#onResolve)
+  * deprecated; promise#complete (use promise#fulfill)
+  * deprecated; promise#addCallback (use promise#onFulFill)
+  * deprecated; promise#addErrback (use promise#onReject)
+  * deprecated; query.nearSphere() (use query.near)
+  * deprecated; query.center() (use query.circle)
+  * deprecated; query.centerSphere() (use query.circle)
+  * deprecated; query#slaveOk (use query#read)
+  * removed; namedscope (undocumented and broken) #679 #642 #455 #379
+  * added; benchmarks [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; publicly exposed connection states #1585
+  * added; $geoWithin support #1529 $1455 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; query method chain validation
+  * added; model.update `overwrite` option
+  * added; model.geoNear() support #1563 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; model.geoSearch() support #1560 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * added; MongooseBuffer#subtype()
+  * added; model.create() now returns a promise #1340
+  * added; support for `awaitdata` query option
+  * added; pass the doc to doc.remove() callback #1419 [JoeWagner](https://github.com/JoeWagner)
+  * added; aggregation query builder #1404 [njoyard](https://github.com/njoyard)
+  * updated; integrate mquery #1562 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * updated; error msg in doc.save() #1595
+  * updated; bump driver to 1.3.15
+  * updated; mpromise 0.3.0
+  * updated; sliced 0.0.5
+  * tests; fix sharding tests for MongoDB 2.4.5
+  * tests; now 4-5 seconds faster
+  * tests; fix race condition
+  * docs; fix readme spelling #1483 [yorchopolis](https://github.com/yorchopolis)
+  * docs; fixed up the README and examples [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * website; add unstable docs
+  * website; many improvements
+  * website; fix copyright #1439
+  * website; server.js -> static.js #1546 [nikmartin](https://github.com/nikmartin)
+  * examples; improved and expanded [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+
+3.6.20 (stable) / 2013-09-23
+===================
+
+ * fixed; repopulating modified populated paths #1697
+ * fixed; doc.equals w/ _id false #1687
+ * fixed; strict mode warning #1686
+ * docs; near/nearSphere
+
+3.6.19 (stable) / 2013-09-04
+==================
+
+  * fixed; population field selection w/ strings #1669
+  * docs; Date method caveats #1598
+
+3.6.18 (stable) / 2013-08-22
+===================
+
+  * updated; warn when using an unstable version of mongoose
+  * updated; mocha to 1.12.0
+  * updated; mongodb driver to 1.3.19 (fix error swallowing behavior)
+  * fixed; setters not firing on null values #1445 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; properly exclude subdocument fields #1280 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; cast error in findAndModify #1643 [aheuermann](https://github.com/aheuermann)
+  * website; update guide
+  * website; added documentation for safe:false and versioning interaction
+  * docs; mention that middleware dont run on Models
+  * docs; fix indexes link
+  * make; suppress warning msg in test
+  * tests; moar
+
+3.6.17 / 2013-08-13
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.18 (fixes memory leak)
+  * fixed; casting ref docs on creation #1606
+  * docs; query options
+
+3.6.16 / 2013-08-08
+===================
+
+  * added; publicly expose connection states #1585
+  * fixed; limit applies to individual items on population #1490 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; positional operator casting in updates #1572 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * updated; MongoDB driver to 1.3.17
+  * updated; sliced to 0.0.5
+  * website; tweak homepage
+  * tests; fixed + added
+  * docs; fix some examples
+  * docs; multi-mongos support details
+  * docs; auto open browser after starting static server
+
+3.6.15 / 2013-07-16
+==================
+
+  * added; mongos failover support #1037
+  * updated; make schematype return vals return self #1580
+  * docs; add note to model.update #571
+  * docs; document third param to document.save callback #1536
+  * tests; tweek mongos test timeout
+
+3.6.14 / 2013-07-05
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.11
+  * fixed; issue with findOneAndUpdate not returning null on upserts #1533 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; missing return statement in SchemaArray#$geoIntersects() #1498 [bsrykt](https://github.com/bsrykt)
+  * fixed; wrong isSelected() behavior #1521 [kyano](https://github.com/kyano)
+  * docs; note about toObject behavior during save()
+  * docs; add callbacks details #1547 [nikmartin](https://github.com/nikmartin)
+
+3.6.13 / 2013-06-27
+===================
+
+  * fixed; calling model.distinct without conditions #1541
+  * fixed; regression in Query#count() #1542
+  * now working on 3.6.13
+
+3.6.12 / 2013-06-25
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.10
+  * updated; clearer capped collection error message #1509 [bitmage](https://github.com/bitmage)
+  * fixed; MongooseBuffer subtype loss during casting #1517 [zedgu](https://github.com/zedgu)
+  * fixed; docArray#id when doc.id is disabled #1492
+  * fixed; docArray#id now supports matches on populated arrays #1492 [pgherveou](https://github.com/pgherveou)
+  * website; fix example
+  * website; improve _id disabling example
+  * website; fix typo #1494 [dejj](https://github.com/dejj)
+  * docs; added a 'Requesting new features' section #1504 [shovon](https://github.com/shovon)
+  * docs; improve subtypes description
+  * docs; clarify _id disabling
+  * docs: display by alphabetical order the methods list #1508 [nicolasleger](https://github.com/nicolasleger)
+  * tests; refactor isSelected checks
+  * tests; remove pointless test
+  * tests; fixed timeouts
+
+3.6.11 / 2013-05-15
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.5
+  * fixed; compat w/ Object.create(null) #1484 #1485
+  * fixed; cloning objects w/ missing constructors
+  * fixed; prevent multiple min number validators #1481 [nrako](https://github.com/nrako)
+  * docs; add doc.increment() example
+  * docs; add $size example
+  * docs; add "distinct" example
+
+3.6.10 / 2013-05-09
+==================
+
+  * update driver to 1.3.3
+  * fixed; increment() works without other changes #1475
+  * website; fix links to posterous
+  * docs; fix link #1472
+
+3.6.9 / 2013-05-02
+==================
+
+  * fixed; depopulation of mixed documents #1471
+  * fixed; use of $options in array #1462
+  * tests; fix race condition
+  * docs; fix default example
+
+3.6.8 / 2013-04-25
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.0
+  * fixed; connection.model should retain options #1458 [vedmalex](https://github.com/vedmalex)
+  * tests; 4-5 seconds faster
+
+3.6.7 / 2013-04-19
+==================
+
+  * fixed; population regression in 3.6.6 #1444
+
+3.6.6 / 2013-04-18
+==================
+
+  * fixed; saving populated new documents #1442
+  * fixed; population regession in 3.6.5 #1441
+  * website; fix copyright #1439
+
+3.6.5 / 2013-04-15
+==================
+
+  * fixed; strict:throw edge case using .set(path, val)
+  * fixed; schema.pathType() on some numbericAlpha paths
+  * fixed; numbericAlpha path versioning
+  * fixed; setting nested mixed paths #1418
+  * fixed; setting nested objects with null prop #1326
+  * fixed; regression in v3.6 population performance #1426 [vedmalex](https://github.com/vedmalex)
+  * fixed; read pref typos #1422 [kyano](https://github.com/kyano)
+  * docs; fix method example
+  * website; update faq
+  * website; add more deep links
+  * website; update poolSize docs
+  * website; add 3.6 release notes
+  * website; note about keepAlive
+
+3.6.4 / 2013-04-03
+==================
+
+  * fixed; +field conflict with $slice #1370
+  * fixed; nested deselection conflict #1333
+  * fixed; RangeError in ValidationError.toString() #1296
+  * fixed; do not save user defined transforms #1415
+  * tests; fix race condition
+
+3.6.3 / 2013-04-02
+==================
+
+  * fixed; setting subdocuments deeply nested fields #1394
+  * fixed; regression: populated streams #1411
+  * docs; mention hooks/validation with findAndModify
+  * docs; mention auth
+  * docs; add more links
+  * examples; add document methods example
+  * website; display "see" links for properties
+  * website; clean up homepage
+
+3.6.2 / 2013-03-29
+==================
+
+  * fixed; corrupted sub-doc array #1408
+  * fixed; document#update returns a Query #1397
+  * docs; readpref strategy
+
+3.6.1 / 2013-03-27
+==================
+
+  * added; populate support to findAndModify varients #1395
+  * added; text index type to schematypes
+  * expose allowed index types as Schema.indexTypes
+  * fixed; use of `setMaxListeners` as path
+  * fixed; regression in node 0.6 on docs with > 10 arrays
+  * fixed; do not alter schema arguments #1364
+  * fixed; subdoc#ownerDocument() #1385
+  * website; change search id
+  * website; add search from google [jackdbernier](https://github.com/jackdbernier)
+  * website; fix link
+  * website; add 3.5.x docs release
+  * website; fix link
+  * docs; fix geometry
+  * docs; hide internal constructor
+  * docs; aggregation does not cast arguments #1399
+  * docs; querystream options
+  * examples; added for population
+
+3.6.0 / 2013-03-18
+==================
+
+  * changed; cast 'true'/'false' to boolean #1282 [mgrach](https://github.com/mgrach)
+  * changed; Buffer arrays can now contain nulls
+  * added; QueryStream transform option
+  * added; support for authSource driver option
+  * added; {mongoose,db}.modelNames()
+  * added; $push w/ $slice,$sort support (MongoDB 2.4)
+  * added; hashed index type (MongoDB 2.4)
+  * added; support for mongodb 2.4 geojson (MongoDB 2.4)
+  * added; value at time of validation error
+  * added; support for object literal schemas
+  * added; bufferCommands schema option
+  * added; allow auth option in connections #1360 [geoah](https://github.com/geoah)
+  * added; performance improvements to populate() [263ece9](https://github.com/LearnBoost/mongoose/commit/263ece9)
+  * added; allow adding uncasted docs to populated arrays and properties #570
+  * added; doc#populated(path) stores original populated _ids
+  * added; lean population #1260
+  * added; query.populate() now accepts an options object
+  * added; document#populate(opts, callback)
+  * added; Model.populate(docs, opts, callback)
+  * added; support for rich nested path population
+  * added; doc.array.remove(value) subdoc with _id value support #1278
+  * added; optionally allow non-strict sets and updates
+  * added; promises/A+ comformancy with [mpromise](https://github.com/aheckmann/mpromise)
+  * added; promise#then
+  * added; promise#end
+  * fixed; use of `model` as doc property
+  * fixed; lean population #1382
+  * fixed; empty object mixed defaults #1380
+  * fixed; populate w/ deselected _id using string syntax
+  * fixed; attempted save of divergent populated arrays #1334 related
+  * fixed; better error msg when attempting toObject as property name
+  * fixed; non population buffer casting from doc
+  * fixed; setting populated paths #570
+  * fixed; casting when added docs to populated arrays #570
+  * fixed; prohibit updating arrays selected with $elemMatch #1334
+  * fixed; pull / set subdoc combination #1303
+  * fixed; multiple bg index creation #1365
+  * fixed; manual reconnection to single mongod
+  * fixed; Constructor / version exposure #1124
+  * fixed; CastError race condition
+  * fixed; no longer swallowing misuse of subdoc#invalidate()
+  * fixed; utils.clone retains RegExp opts
+  * fixed; population of non-schema property
+  * fixed; allow updating versionKey #1265
+  * fixed; add EventEmitter props to reserved paths #1338
+  * fixed; can now deselect populated doc _ids #1331
+  * fixed; properly pass subtype to Binary in MongooseBuffer
+  * fixed; casting _id from document with non-ObjectId _id
+  * fixed; specifying schema type edge case { path: [{type: "String" }] }
+  * fixed; typo in schemdate #1329 [jplock](https://github.com/jplock)
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.14
+  * updated; muri to 0.3.1
+  * updated; mpromise to 0.2.1
+  * updated; mocha 1.8.1
+  * updated; mpath to 0.1.1
+  * deprecated; pluralization will die in 4.x
+  * refactor; rename private methods to something unusable as doc properties
+  * refactor MongooseArray#remove
+  * refactor; move expires index to SchemaDate #1328
+  * refactor; internal document properties #1171 #1184
+  * tests; added
+  * docs; indexes
+  * docs; validation
+  * docs; populate
+  * docs; populate
+  * docs; add note about stream compatibility with node 0.8
+  * docs; fix for private names
+  * docs; Buffer -> mongodb.Binary #1363
+  * docs; auth options
+  * docs; improved
+  * website; update FAQ
+  * website; add more api links
+  * website; add 3.5.x docs to prior releases
+  * website; Change mongoose-types to an active repo [jackdbernier](https://github.com/jackdbernier)
+  * website; compat with node 0.10
+  * website; add news section
+  * website; use T for generic type
+  * benchmark; make adjustable
+
+3.6.0rc1 / 2013-03-12
+======================
+
+  * refactor; rename private methods to something unusable as doc properties
+  * added; {mongoose,db}.modelNames()
+  * added; $push w/ $slice,$sort support (MongoDB 2.4)
+  * added; hashed index type (MongoDB 2.4)
+  * added; support for mongodb 2.4 geojson (MongoDB 2.4)
+  * added; value at time of validation error
+  * added; support for object literal schemas
+  * added; bufferCommands schema option
+  * added; allow auth option in connections #1360 [geoah](https://github.com/geoah)
+  * fixed; lean population #1382
+  * fixed; empty object mixed defaults #1380
+  * fixed; populate w/ deselected _id using string syntax
+  * fixed; attempted save of divergent populated arrays #1334 related
+  * fixed; better error msg when attempting toObject as property name
+  * fixed; non population buffer casting from doc
+  * fixed; setting populated paths #570
+  * fixed; casting when added docs to populated arrays #570
+  * fixed; prohibit updating arrays selected with $elemMatch #1334
+  * fixed; pull / set subdoc combination #1303
+  * fixed; multiple bg index creation #1365
+  * fixed; manual reconnection to single mongod
+  * fixed; Constructor / version exposure #1124
+  * fixed; CastError race condition
+  * fixed; no longer swallowing misuse of subdoc#invalidate()
+  * fixed; utils.clone retains RegExp opts
+  * fixed; population of non-schema property
+  * fixed; allow updating versionKey #1265
+  * fixed; add EventEmitter props to reserved paths #1338
+  * fixed; can now deselect populated doc _ids #1331
+  * updated; muri to 0.3.1
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.12
+  * updated; mpromise to 0.2.1
+  * deprecated; pluralization will die in 4.x
+  * docs; Buffer -> mongodb.Binary #1363
+  * docs; auth options
+  * docs; improved
+  * website; add news section
+  * benchmark; make adjustable
+
+3.6.0rc0 / 2013-02-03
+======================
+
+  * changed; cast 'true'/'false' to boolean #1282 [mgrach](https://github.com/mgrach)
+  * changed; Buffer arrays can now contain nulls
+  * fixed; properly pass subtype to Binary in MongooseBuffer
+  * fixed; casting _id from document with non-ObjectId _id
+  * fixed; specifying schema type edge case { path: [{type: "String" }] }
+  * fixed; typo in schemdate #1329 [jplock](https://github.com/jplock)
+  * refactor; move expires index to SchemaDate #1328
+  * refactor; internal document properties #1171 #1184
+  * added; performance improvements to populate() [263ece9](https://github.com/LearnBoost/mongoose/commit/263ece9)
+  * added; allow adding uncasted docs to populated arrays and properties #570
+  * added; doc#populated(path) stores original populated _ids
+  * added; lean population #1260
+  * added; query.populate() now accepts an options object
+  * added; document#populate(opts, callback)
+  * added; Model.populate(docs, opts, callback)
+  * added; support for rich nested path population
+  * added; doc.array.remove(value) subdoc with _id value support #1278
+  * added; optionally allow non-strict sets and updates
+  * added; promises/A+ comformancy with [mpromise](https://github.com/aheckmann/mpromise)
+  * added; promise#then
+  * added; promise#end
+  * updated; mocha 1.8.1
+  * updated; muri to 0.3.0
+  * updated; mpath to 0.1.1
+  * updated; docs
+
+3.5.16 / 2013-08-13
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.18
+
+3.5.15 / 2013-07-26
+==================
+
+  * updated; sliced to 0.0.5
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.12
+  * fixed; regression in Query#count() due to driver change
+  * tests; fixed timeouts
+  * tests; handle differing test uris
+
+3.5.14 / 2013-05-15
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.5
+  * fixed; compat w/ Object.create(null) #1484 #1485
+  * fixed; cloning objects missing constructors
+  * fixed; prevent multiple min number validators #1481 [nrako](https://github.com/nrako)
+
+3.5.13 / 2013-05-09
+==================
+
+  * update driver to 1.3.3
+  * fixed; use of $options in array #1462
+
+3.5.12 / 2013-04-25
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.3.0
+  * fixed; connection.model should retain options #1458 [vedmalex](https://github.com/vedmalex)
+  * fixed; read pref typos #1422 [kyano](https://github.com/kyano)
+
+3.5.11 / 2013-04-03
+==================
+
+  * fixed; +field conflict with $slice #1370
+  * fixed; RangeError in ValidationError.toString() #1296
+  * fixed; nested deselection conflict #1333
+  * remove time from Makefile
+
+3.5.10 / 2013-04-02
+==================
+
+  * fixed; setting subdocuments deeply nested fields #1394
+  * fixed; do not alter schema arguments #1364
+
+3.5.9 / 2013-03-15
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.14
+  * added; support for authSource driver option (mongodb 2.4)
+  * added; QueryStream transform option (node 0.10 helper)
+  * fixed; backport for saving required populated buffers
+  * fixed; pull / set subdoc combination #1303
+  * fixed; multiple bg index creation #1365
+  * test; added for saveable required populated buffers
+  * test; added for #1365
+  * test; add authSource test
+
+3.5.8 / 2013-03-12
+==================
+
+  * added; auth option in connection [geoah](https://github.com/geoah)
+  * fixed; CastError race condition
+  * docs; add note about stream compatibility with node 0.8
+
+3.5.7 / 2013-02-22
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.13
+  * updated; muri to 0.3.1 #1347
+  * fixed; utils.clone retains RegExp opts #1355
+  * fixed; deepEquals RegExp support
+  * tests; fix a connection test
+  * website; clean up docs [afshinm](https://github.com/afshinm)
+  * website; update homepage
+  * website; migragtion: emphasize impact of strict docs #1264
+
+3.5.6 / 2013-02-14
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.12
+  * fixed; properly pass Binary subtype
+  * fixed; add EventEmitter props to reserved paths #1338
+  * fixed; use correct node engine version
+  * fixed; display empty docs as {} in log output #953 follow up
+  * improved; "bad $within $box argument" error message
+  * populate; add unscientific benchmark
+  * website; add stack overflow to help section
+  * website; use better code font #1336 [risseraka](https://github.com/risseraka)
+  * website; clarify where help is available
+  * website; fix source code links #1272 [floatingLomas](https://github.com/floatingLomas)
+  * docs; be specific about _id schema option #1103
+  * docs; add ensureIndex error handling example
+  * docs; README
+  * docs; CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+3.5.5 / 2013-01-29
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.11
+  * removed; old node < 0.6x shims
+  * fixed; documents with Buffer _ids equality
+  * fixed; MongooseBuffer properly casts numbers
+  * fixed; reopening closed connection on alt host/port #1287
+  * docs; fixed typo in Readme #1298 [rened](https://github.com/rened)
+  * docs; fixed typo in migration docs [Prinzhorn](https://github.com/Prinzhorn)
+  * docs; fixed incorrect annotation in SchemaNumber#min [bilalq](https://github.com/bilalq)
+  * docs; updated
+
+3.5.4 / 2013-01-07
+==================
+
+  * changed; "_pres" & "_posts" are now reserved pathnames #1261
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.8
+  * fixed; exception when reopening a replica set. #1263 [ethankan](https://github.com/ethankan)
+  * website; updated
+
+3.5.3 / 2012-12-26
+==================
+
+  * added; support for geo object notation #1257
+  * fixed; $within query casting with arrays
+  * fixed; unix domain socket support #1254
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.7
+  * updated; muri to 0.0.5
+
+3.5.2 / 2012-12-17
+==================
+
+  * fixed; using auth with replica sets #1253
+
+3.5.1 / 2012-12-12
+==================
+
+  * fixed; regression when using subdoc with `path` as pathname #1245 [daeq](https://github.com/daeq)
+  * fixed; safer db option checks
+  * updated; driver to 1.2.5
+  * website; add more examples
+  * website; clean up old docs
+  * website; fix prev release urls
+  * docs; clarify streaming with HTTP responses
+
+3.5.0 / 2012-12-10
+==================
+
+  * added; paths to CastErrors #1239
+  * added; support for mongodb connection string spec #1187
+  * added; post validate event
+  * added; Schema#get (to retrieve schema options)
+  * added; VersionError #1071
+  * added; npmignore [hidekiy](https://github.com/hidekiy)
+  * update; driver to 1.2.3
+  * fixed; stackoverflow in setter #1234
+  * fixed; utils.isObject()
+  * fixed; do not clobber user specified driver writeConcern #1227
+  * fixed; always pass current document to post hooks
+  * fixed; throw error when user attempts to overwrite a model
+  * fixed; connection.model only caches on connection #1209
+  * fixed; respect conn.model() creation when matching global model exists #1209
+  * fixed; passing model name + collection name now always honors collection name
+  * fixed; setting virtual field to an empty object #1154
+  * fixed; subclassed MongooseErrors exposure, now available in mongoose.Error.xxxx
+  * fixed; model.remove() ignoring callback when executed twice [daeq](https://github.com/daeq) #1210
+  * docs; add collection option to schema api docs #1222
+  * docs; NOTE about db safe options
+  * docs; add post hooks docs
+  * docs; connection string options
+  * docs; middleware is not executed with Model.remove #1241
+  * docs; {g,s}etter introspection #777
+  * docs; update validation docs
+  * docs; add link to plugins page
+  * docs; clarify error returned by unique indexes #1225
+  * docs; more detail about disabling autoIndex behavior
+  * docs; add homepage section to package (npm docs mongoose)
+  * docs; more detail around collection name pluralization #1193
+  * website; add .important css
+  * website; update models page
+  * website; update getting started
+  * website; update quick start
+
+3.4.0 / 2012-11-10
+==================
+
+  * added; support for generic toJSON/toObject transforms #1160 #1020 #1197
+  * added; doc.set() merge support #1148 [NuORDER](https://github.com/NuORDER)
+  * added; query#add support #1188 [aleclofabbro](https://github.com/aleclofabbro)
+  * changed; adding invalid nested paths to non-objects throws 4216f14
+  * changed; fixed; stop invalid function cloning (internal fix)
+  * fixed; add query $and casting support #1180 [anotheri](https://github.com/anotheri)
+  * fixed; overwriting of query arguments #1176
+  * docs; fix expires examples
+  * docs; transforms
+  * docs; schema `collection` option docs [hermanjunge](https://github.com/hermanjunge)
+  * website; updated
+  * tests; added
+
+3.3.1 / 2012-10-11
+==================
+
+  * fixed; allow goose.connect(uris, dbname, opts) #1144
+  * docs; persist API private checked state across page loads
+
+3.3.0 / 2012-10-10
+==================
+
+  * fixed; passing options as 2nd arg to connect() #1144
+  * fixed; race condition after no-op save #1139
+  * fixed; schema field selection application in findAndModify #1150
+  * fixed; directly setting arrays #1126
+  * updated; driver to 1.1.11
+  * updated; collection pluralization rules [mrickard](https://github.com/mrickard)
+  * tests; added
+  * docs; updated
+
+3.2.2 / 2012-10-08
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.1.10 #1143
+  * updated; use sliced 0.0.3
+  * fixed; do not recast embedded docs unnecessarily
+  * fixed; expires schema option helper #1132
+  * fixed; built in string setters #1131
+  * fixed; debug output for Dates/ObjectId properties #1129
+  * docs; fixed Javascript syntax error in example [olalonde](https://github.com/olalonde)
+  * docs; fix toJSON example #1137
+  * docs; add ensureIndex production notes
+  * docs; fix spelling
+  * docs; add blogposts about v3
+  * website; updated
+  * removed; undocumented inGroupsOf util
+  * tests; added
+
+3.2.1 / 2012-09-28
+==================
+
+  * fixed; remove query batchSize option default of 1000 https://github.com/learnboost/mongoose/commit/3edaa8651
+  * docs; updated
+  * website; updated
+
+3.2.0 / 2012-09-27
+==================
+
+  * added; direct array index assignment with casting support `doc.array.set(index, value)`
+  * fixed; QueryStream#resume within same tick as pause() #1116
+  * fixed; default value validatation #1109
+  * fixed; array splice() not casting #1123
+  * fixed; default array construction edge case #1108
+  * fixed; query casting for inequalities in arrays #1101 [dpatti](https://github.com/dpatti)
+  * tests; added
+  * website; more documentation
+  * website; fixed layout issue #1111 [SlashmanX](https://github.com/SlashmanX)
+  * website; refactored [guille](https://github.com/guille)
+
+3.1.2 / 2012-09-10
+==================
+
+  * added; ReadPreferrence schema option #1097
+  * updated; driver to 1.1.7
+  * updated; default query batchSize to 1000
+  * fixed; we now cast the mapReduce query option #1095
+  * fixed; $elemMatch+$in with field selection #1091
+  * fixed; properly cast $elemMatch+$in conditions #1100
+  * fixed; default field application of subdocs #1027
+  * fixed; querystream prematurely dying #1092
+  * fixed; querystream never resumes when paused at getMore boundries #1092
+  * fixed; querystream occasionally emits data events after destroy #1092
+  * fixed; remove unnecessary ObjectId creation in querystream
+  * fixed; allow ne(boolean) again #1093
+  * docs; add populate/field selection syntax notes
+  * docs; add toObject/toJSON options detail
+  * docs; `read` schema option
+
+3.1.1 / 2012-08-31
+==================
+
+  * updated; driver to 1.1.6
+
+3.1.0 / 2012-08-29
+==================
+
+  * changed; fixed; directly setting nested objects now overwrites entire object (previously incorrectly merged them)
+  * added; read pref support (mongodb 2.2) 205a709c
+  * added; aggregate support (mongodb 2.2) f3a5bd3d
+  * added; virtual {g,s}etter introspection (#1070)
+  * updated; docs [brettz9](https://github.com/brettz9)
+  * updated; driver to 1.1.5
+  * fixed; retain virtual setter return values (#1069)
+
+3.0.3 / 2012-08-23
+==================
+
+  * fixed; use of nested paths beginning w/ numbers #1062
+  * fixed; query population edge case #1053 #1055 [jfremy](https://github.com/jfremy)
+  * fixed; simultaneous top and sub level array modifications #1073
+  * added; id and _id schema option aliases + tests
+  * improve debug formatting to allow copy/paste logged queries into mongo shell [eknkc](https://github.com/eknkc)
+  * docs
+
+3.0.2 / 2012-08-17
+==================
+
+  * added; missing support for v3 sort/select syntax to findAndModify helpers (#1058)
+  * fixed; replset fullsetup event emission
+  * fixed; reconnected event for replsets
+  * fixed; server reconnection setting discovery
+  * fixed; compat with non-schema path props using positional notation (#1048)
+  * fixed; setter/casting order (#665)
+  * docs; updated
+
+3.0.1 / 2012-08-11
+==================
+
+  * fixed; throw Error on bad validators (1044)
+  * fixed; typo in EmbeddedDocument#parentArray [lackac]
+  * fixed; repair mongoose.SchemaTypes alias
+  * updated; docs
+
+3.0.0 / 2012-08-07
+==================
+
+  * removed; old subdocument#commit method
+  * fixed; setting arrays of matching docs [6924cbc2]
+  * fixed; doc!remove event now emits in save order as save for consistency
+  * fixed; pre-save hooks no longer fire on subdocuments when validation fails
+  * added; subdoc#parent() and subdoc#parentArray() to access subdocument parent objects
+  * added; query#lean() helper
+
+3.0.0rc0 / 2012-08-01
+=====================
+
+  * fixed; allow subdoc literal declarations containing "type" pathname (#993)
+  * fixed; unsetting a default array (#758)
+  * fixed; boolean $in queries (#998)
+  * fixed; allow use of `options` as a pathname (#529)
+  * fixed; `model` is again a permitted schema path name
+  * fixed; field selection option on subdocs (#1022)
+  * fixed; handle another edge case with subdoc saving (#975)
+  * added; emit save err on model if listening
+  * added; MongoDB TTL collection support (#1006)
+  * added; $center options support
+  * added; $nearSphere and $polygon support
+  * updated; driver version to 1.1.2
+
+3.0.0alpha2 / 2012-07-18
+=========================
+
+  * changed; index errors are now emitted on their model and passed to an optional callback (#984)
+  * fixed; specifying index along with sparse/unique option no longer overwrites (#1004)
+  * fixed; never swallow connection errors (#618)
+  * fixed; creating object from model with emded object no longer overwrites defaults [achurkin] (#859)
+  * fixed; stop needless validation of unchanged/unselected fields (#891)
+  * fixed; document#equals behavior of objectids (#974)
+  * fixed; honor the minimize schema option (#978)
+  * fixed; provide helpful error msgs when reserved schema path is used (#928)
+  * fixed; callback to conn#disconnect is optional (#875)
+  * fixed; handle missing protocols in connection urls (#987)
+  * fixed; validate args to query#where (#969)
+  * fixed; saving modified/removed subdocs (#975)
+  * fixed; update with $pull from Mixed array (#735)
+  * fixed; error with null shard key value
+  * fixed; allow unsetting enums (#967)
+  * added; support for manual index creation (#984)
+  * added; support for disabled auto-indexing (#984)
+  * added; support for preserving MongooseArray#sort changes (#752)
+  * added; emit state change events on connection
+  * added; support for specifying BSON subtype in MongooseBuffer#toObject [jcrugzz]
+  * added; support for disabled versioning (#977)
+  * added; implicit "new" support for models and Schemas
+
+3.0.0alpha1 / 2012-06-15
+=========================
+
+  * removed; doc#commit (use doc#markModified)
+  * removed; doc.modified getter (#950)
+  * removed; mongoose{connectSet,createSetConnection}. use connect,createConnection instead
+  * removed; query alias methods 1149804c
+  * removed; MongooseNumber
+  * changed; now creating indexes in background by default
+  * changed; strict mode now enabled by default (#952)
+  * changed; doc#modifiedPaths is now a method (#950)
+  * changed; getters no longer cast (#820); casting happens during set
+  * fixed; no need to pass updateArg to findOneAndUpdate (#931)
+  * fixed: utils.merge bug when merging nested non-objects. [treygriffith]
+  * fixed; strict:throw should produce errors in findAndModify (#963)
+  * fixed; findAndUpdate no longer overwrites document (#962)
+  * fixed; setting default DocumentArrays (#953)
+  * fixed; selection of _id with schema deselection (#954)
+  * fixed; ensure promise#error emits instanceof Error
+  * fixed; CursorStream: No stack overflow on any size result (#929)
+  * fixed; doc#remove now passes safe options
+  * fixed; invalid use of $set during $pop
+  * fixed; array#{$pop,$shift} mirror MongoDB behavior
+  * fixed; no longer test non-required vals in string match (#934)
+  * fixed; edge case with doc#inspect
+  * fixed; setter order (#665)
+  * fixed; setting invalid paths in strict mode (#916)
+  * fixed; handle docs without id in DocumentArray#id method (#897)
+  * fixed; do not save virtuals during model.update (#894)
+  * fixed; sub doc toObject virtuals application (#889)
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#pull of ObjectId (#881)
+  * fixed; handle passing db name with any repl set string
+  * fixed; default application of selected fields (#870)
+  * fixed; subdoc paths reported in validation errors (#725)
+  * fixed; incorrect reported num of affected docs in update ops (#862)
+  * fixed; connection assignment in Model#model (#853)
+  * fixed; stringifying arrays of docs (#852)
+  * fixed; modifying subdoc and parent array works (#842)
+  * fixed; passing undefined to next hook (#785)
+  * fixed; Query#{update,remove}() works without callbacks (#788)
+  * fixed; set/updating nested objects by parent pathname (#843)
+  * fixed; allow null in number arrays (#840)
+  * fixed; isNew on sub doc after insertion error (#837)
+  * fixed; if an insert fails, set isNew back to false [boutell]
+  * fixed; isSelected when only _id is selected (#730)
+  * fixed; setting an unset default value (#742)
+  * fixed; query#sort error messaging (#671)
+  * fixed; support for passing $options with $regex
+  * added; array of object literal notation in schema creates DocumentArrays
+  * added; gt,gte,lt,lte query support for arrays (#902)
+  * added; capped collection support (#938)
+  * added; document versioning support
+  * added; inclusion of deselected schema path (#786)
+  * added; non-atomic array#pop
+  * added; EmbeddedDocument constructor is now exposed in DocArray#create 7cf8beec
+  * added; mapReduce support (#678)
+  * added; support for a configurable minimize option #to{Object,JSON}(option) (#848)
+  * added; support for strict: `throws` [regality]
+  * added; support for named schema types (#795)
+  * added; to{Object,JSON} schema options (#805)
+  * added; findByIdAnd{Update,Remove}()
+  * added; findOneAnd{Update,Remove}()
+  * added; query.setOptions()
+  * added; instance.update() (#794)
+  * added; support specifying model in populate() [DanielBaulig]
+  * added; `lean` query option [gitfy]
+  * added; multi-atomic support to MongooseArray#nonAtomicPush
+  * added; support for $set + other $atomic ops on single array
+  * added; tests
+  * updated; driver to 1.0.2
+  * updated; query.sort() syntax to mirror query.select()
+  * updated; clearer cast error msg for array numbers
+  * updated; docs
+  * updated; doc.clone 3x faster (#950)
+  * updated; only create _id if necessary (#950)
+
+2.7.3 / 2012-08-01
+==================
+
+  * fixed; boolean $in queries (#998)
+  * fixed field selection option on subdocs (#1022)
+
+2.7.2 / 2012-07-18
+==================
+
+  * fixed; callback to conn#disconnect is optional (#875)
+  * fixed; handle missing protocols in connection urls (#987)
+  * fixed; saving modified/removed subdocs (#975)
+  * updated; tests
+
+2.7.1 / 2012-06-26
+===================
+
+  * fixed; sharding: when a document holds a null as a value of the shard key
+  * fixed; update() using $pull on an array of Mixed (gh-735)
+  * deprecated; MongooseNumber#{inc, increment, decrement} methods
+  * tests; now using mocha
+
+2.7.0 / 2012-06-14
+===================
+
+  * added; deprecation warnings to methods being removed in 3.x
+
+2.6.8 / 2012-06-14
+===================
+
+  * fixed; edge case when using 'options' as a path name (#961)
+
+2.6.7 / 2012-06-08
+===================
+
+  * fixed; ensure promise#error always emits instanceof Error
+  * fixed; selection of _id w/ another excluded path (#954)
+  * fixed; setting default DocumentArrays (#953)
+
+2.6.6 / 2012-06-06
+===================
+
+  * fixed; stack overflow in query stream with large result sets (#929)
+  * added; $gt, $gte, $lt, $lte support to arrays (#902)
+  * fixed; pass option `safe` along to doc#remove() calls
+
+2.6.5 / 2012-05-24
+===================
+
+  * fixed; do not save virtuals in Model.update (#894)
+  * added; missing $ prefixed query aliases (going away in 3.x) (#884) [timoxley]
+  * fixed; setting invalid paths in strict mode (#916)
+  * fixed; resetting isNew after insert failure (#837) [boutell]
+
+2.6.4 / 2012-05-15
+===================
+
+  * updated; backport string regex $options to 2.x
+  * updated; use driver 1.0.2 (performance improvements) (#914)
+  * fixed; calling MongooseDocumentArray#id when the doc has no _id (#897)
+
+2.6.3 / 2012-05-03
+===================
+
+  * fixed; repl-set connectivity issues during failover on MongoDB 2.0.1
+  * updated; driver to 1.0.0
+  * fixed; virtuals application of subdocs when using toObject({ virtuals: true }) (#889)
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#pull of ObjectId correctly updates the array itself (#881)
+
+2.6.2 / 2012-04-30
+===================
+
+  * fixed; default field application of selected fields (#870)
+
+2.6.1 / 2012-04-30
+===================
+
+  * fixed; connection assignment in mongoose#model (#853, #877)
+  * fixed; incorrect reported num of affected docs in update ops (#862)
+
+2.6.0 / 2012-04-19
+===================
+
+  * updated; hooks.js to 0.2.1
+  * fixed; issue with passing undefined to a hook callback. thanks to [chrisleishman] for reporting.
+  * fixed; updating/setting nested objects in strict schemas (#843) as reported by [kof]
+  * fixed; Query#{update,remove}() work without callbacks again (#788)
+  * fixed; modifying subdoc along with parent array $atomic op (#842)
+
+2.5.14 / 2012-04-13
+===================
+
+  * fixed; setting an unset default value (#742)
+  * fixed; doc.isSelected(otherpath) when only _id is selected (#730)
+  * updated; docs
+
+2.5.13 / 2012-03-22
+===================
+
+  * fixed; failing validation of unselected required paths (#730,#713)
+  * fixed; emitting connection error when only one listener (#759)
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#splice was not returning values (#784) [chrisleishman]
+
+2.5.12 / 2012-03-21
+===================
+
+  * fixed; honor the `safe` option in all ensureIndex calls
+  * updated; node-mongodb-native driver to 0.9.9-7
+
+2.5.11 / 2012-03-15
+===================
+
+  * added; introspection for getters/setters (#745)
+  * updated; node-mongodb-driver to 0.9.9-5
+  * added; tailable method to Query (#769) [holic]
+  * fixed; Number min/max validation of null (#764) [btamas]
+  * added; more flexible user/password connection options (#738) [KarneAsada]
+
+2.5.10 / 2012-03-06
+===================
+
+  * updated; node-mongodb-native driver to 0.9.9-4
+  * added; Query#comment()
+  * fixed; allow unsetting arrays
+  * fixed; hooking the set method of subdocuments (#746)
+  * fixed; edge case in hooks
+  * fixed; allow $id and $ref in queries (fixes compatibility with mongoose-dbref) (#749) [richtera]
+  * added; default path selection to SchemaTypes
+
+2.5.9 / 2012-02-22
+===================
+
+  * fixed; properly cast nested atomic update operators for sub-documents
+
+2.5.8 / 2012-02-21
+===================
+
+  * added; post 'remove' middleware includes model that was removed (#729) [timoxley]
+
+2.5.7 / 2012-02-09
+===================
+
+  * fixed; RegExp validators on node >= v0.6.x
+
+2.5.6 / 2012-02-09
+===================
+
+  * fixed; emit errors returned from db.collection() on the connection (were being swallowed)
+  * added; can add multiple validators in your schema at once (#718) [diogogmt]
+  * fixed; strict embedded documents (#717)
+  * updated; docs [niemyjski]
+  * added; pass number of affected docs back in model.update/save
+
+2.5.5 / 2012-02-03
+===================
+
+  * fixed; RangeError: maximum call stack exceed error when removing docs with Number _id (#714)
+
+2.5.4 / 2012-02-03
+===================
+
+  * fixed; RangeError: maximum call stack exceed error (#714)
+
+2.5.3 / 2012-02-02
+===================
+
+  * added; doc#isSelected(path)
+  * added; query#equals()
+  * added; beta sharding support
+  * added; more descript error msgs (#700) [obeleh]
+  * added; document.modifiedPaths (#709) [ljharb]
+  * fixed; only functions can be added as getters/setters (#707,704) [ljharb]
+
+2.5.2 / 2012-01-30
+===================
+
+  * fixed; rollback -native driver to 0.9.7-3-5 (was causing timeouts and other replica set weirdness)
+  * deprecated; MongooseNumber (will be moved to a separate repo for 3.x)
+  * added; init event is emitted on schemas
+
+2.5.1 / 2012-01-27
+===================
+
+  * fixed; honor strict schemas in Model.update (#699)
+
+2.5.0 / 2012-01-26
+===================
+
+  * added; doc.toJSON calls toJSON on embedded docs when exists [jerem]
+  * added; populate support for refs of type Buffer (#686) [jerem]
+  * added; $all support for ObjectIds and Dates (#690)
+  * fixed; virtual setter calling on instantiation when strict: true (#682) [hunterloftis]
+  * fixed; doc construction triggering getters (#685)
+  * fixed; MongooseBuffer check in deepEquals (#688)
+  * fixed; range error when using Number _ids with `instance.save()` (#691)
+  * fixed; isNew on embedded docs edge case (#680)
+  * updated; driver to 0.9.8-3
+  * updated; expose `model()` method within static methods
+
+2.4.10 / 2012-01-10
+===================
+
+  * added; optional getter application in .toObject()/.toJSON() (#412)
+  * fixed; nested $operators in $all queries (#670)
+  * added; $nor support (#674)
+  * fixed; bug when adding nested schema (#662) [paulwe]
+
+2.4.9 / 2012-01-04
+===================
+
+  * updated; driver to 0.9.7-3-5 to fix Linux performance degradation on some boxes
+
+2.4.8 / 2011-12-22
+===================
+
+  * updated; bump -native to 0.9.7.2-5
+  * fixed; compatibility with date.js (#646) [chrisleishman]
+  * changed; undocumented schema "lax" option to "strict"
+  * fixed; default value population for strict schemas
+  * updated; the nextTick helper for small performance gain. 1bee2a2
+
+2.4.7 / 2011-12-16
+===================
+
+  * fixed; bug in 2.4.6 with path setting
+  * updated; bump -native to 0.9.7.2-1
+  * added; strict schema option [nw]
+
+2.4.6 / 2011-12-16
+===================
+
+  * fixed; conflicting mods on update bug [sirlantis]
+  * improved; doc.id getter performance
+
+2.4.5 / 2011-12-14
+===================
+
+  * fixed; bad MongooseArray behavior in 2.4.2 - 2.4.4
+
+2.4.4 / 2011-12-14
+===================
+
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#doAtomics throwing after sliced
+
+2.4.3 / 2011-12-14
+===================
+
+  * updated; system.profile schema for MongoDB 2x
+
+2.4.2 / 2011-12-12
+===================
+
+  * fixed; partially populating multiple children of subdocs (#639) [kenpratt]
+  * fixed; allow Update of numbers to null (#640) [jerem]
+
+2.4.1 / 2011-12-02
+===================
+
+  * added; options support for populate() queries
+  * updated; -native driver to 0.9.7-1.4
+
+2.4.0 / 2011-11-29
+===================
+
+  * added; QueryStreams (#614)
+  * added; debug print mode for development
+  * added; $within support to Array queries (#586) [ggoodale]
+  * added; $centerSphere query support
+  * fixed; $within support
+  * added; $unset is now used when setting a path to undefined (#519)
+  * added; query#batchSize support
+  * updated; docs
+  * updated; -native driver to 0.9.7-1.3 (provides Windows support)
+
+2.3.13 / 2011-11-15
+===================
+
+  * fixed; required validation for Refs (#612) [ded]
+  * added; $nearSphere support for Arrays (#610)
+
+2.3.12 / 2011-11-09
+===================
+
+  * fixed; regression, objects passed to Model.update should not be changed (#605)
+  * fixed; regression, empty Model.update should not be executed
+
+2.3.11 / 2011-11-08
+===================
+
+  * fixed; using $elemMatch on arrays of Mixed types (#591)
+  * fixed; allow using $regex when querying Arrays (#599)
+  * fixed; calling Model.update with no atomic keys (#602)
+
+2.3.10 / 2011-11-05
+===================
+
+  * fixed; model.update casting for nested paths works (#542)
+
+2.3.9 / 2011-11-04
+==================
+
+  * fixed; deepEquals check for MongooseArray returned false
+  * fixed; reset modified flags of embedded docs after save [gitfy]
+  * fixed; setting embedded doc with identical values no longer marks modified [gitfy]
+  * updated; -native driver to 0.9.6.23 [mlazarov]
+  * fixed; Model.update casting (#542, #545, #479)
+  * fixed; populated refs no longer fail required validators (#577)
+  * fixed; populating refs of objects with custom ids works
+  * fixed; $pop & $unset work with Model.update (#574)
+  * added; more helpful debugging message for Schema#add (#578)
+  * fixed; accessing .id when no _id exists now returns null (#590)
+
+2.3.8 / 2011-10-26
+==================
+
+  * added; callback to query#findOne is now optional (#581)
+
+2.3.7 / 2011-10-24
+==================
+
+  * fixed; wrapped save/remove callbacks in nextTick to mitigate -native swallowing thrown errors
+
+2.3.6 / 2011-10-21
+==================
+
+  * fixed; exclusion of embedded doc _id from query results (#541)
+
+2.3.5 / 2011-10-19
+==================
+
+  * fixed; calling queries without passing a callback works (#569)
+  * fixed; populate() works with String and Number _ids too (#568)
+
+2.3.4 / 2011-10-18
+==================
+
+  * added; Model.create now accepts an array as a first arg
+  * fixed; calling toObject on a DocumentArray with nulls no longer throws
+  * fixed; calling inspect on a DocumentArray with nulls no longer throws
+  * added; MongooseArray#unshift support
+  * fixed; save hooks now fire on embedded documents [gitfy] (#456)
+  * updated; -native driver to 0.9.6-22
+  * fixed; correctly pass $addToSet op instead of $push
+  * fixed; $addToSet properly detects dates
+  * fixed; $addToSet with multiple items works
+  * updated; better node 0.6 Buffer support
+
+2.3.3 / 2011-10-12
+==================
+
+  * fixed; population conditions in multi-query settings [vedmalex] (#563)
+  * fixed; now compatible with Node v0.5.x
+
+2.3.2 / 2011-10-11
+==================
+
+  * fixed; population of null subdoc properties no longer hangs (#561)
+
+2.3.1 / 2011-10-10
+==================
+
+  * added; support for Query filters to populate() [eneko]
+  * fixed; querying with number no longer crashes mongodb (#555) [jlbyrey]
+  * updated; version of -native driver to 0.9.6-21
+  * fixed; prevent query callbacks that throw errors from corrupting -native connection state
+
+2.3.0 / 2011-10-04
+==================
+
+  * fixed; nulls as default values for Boolean now works as expected
+  * updated; version of -native driver to 0.9.6-20
+
+2.2.4 / 2011-10-03
+==================
+
+  * fixed; populate() works when returned array contains undefined/nulls
+
+2.2.3 / 2011-09-29
+==================
+
+  * updated; version of -native driver to 0.9.6-19
+
+2.2.2 / 2011-09-28
+==================
+
+  * added; $regex support to String [davidandrewcope]
+  * added; support for other contexts like repl etc (#535)
+  * fixed; clear modified state properly after saving
+  * added; $addToSet support to Array
+
+2.2.1 / 2011-09-22
+==================
+
+  * more descript error when casting undefined to string
+  * updated; version of -native driver to 0.9.6-18
+
+2.2.0 / 2011-09-22
+==================
+
+  * fixed; maxListeners warning on schemas with many arrays (#530)
+  * changed; return / apply defaults based on fields selected in query (#423)
+  * fixed; correctly detect Mixed types within schema arrays (#532)
+
+2.1.4 / 2011-09-20
+==================
+
+  * fixed; new private methods that stomped on users code
+  * changed; finished removing old "compat" support which did nothing
+
+2.1.3 / 2011-09-16
+==================
+
+  * updated; version of -native driver to 0.9.6-15
+  * added; emit `error` on connection when open fails [edwardhotchkiss]
+  * added; index support to Buffers (thanks justmoon for helping track this down)
+  * fixed; passing collection name via schema in conn.model() now works (thanks vedmalex for reporting)
+
+2.1.2 / 2011-09-07
+==================
+
+  * fixed; Query#find with no args no longer throws
+
+2.1.1 / 2011-09-07
+==================
+
+  * added; support Model.count(fn)
+  * fixed; compatibility with node >=0.4.0 < 0.4.3
+  * added; pass model.options.safe through with .save() so w:2, wtimeout:5000 options work [andrewjstone]
+  * added; support for $type queries
+  * added; support for Query#or
+  * added; more tests
+  * optimized populate queries
+
+2.1.0 / 2011-09-01
+==================
+
+  * changed; document#validate is a public method
+  * fixed; setting number to same value no longer marks modified (#476) [gitfy]
+  * fixed; Buffers shouldn't have default vals
+  * added; allow specifying collection name in schema (#470) [ixti]
+  * fixed; reset modified paths and atomics after saved (#459)
+  * fixed; set isNew on embedded docs to false after save
+  * fixed; use self to ensure proper scope of options in doOpenSet (#483) [andrewjstone]
+
+2.0.4 / 2011-08-29
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; Only send the depopulated ObjectId instead of the entire doc on save (DBRefs)
+  * Fixed; Properly cast nested array values in Model.update (the data was stored in Mongo incorrectly but recast on document fetch was "fixing" it)
+
+2.0.3 / 2011-08-28
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; manipulating a populated array no longer causes infinite loop in BSON serializer during save (#477)
+  * Fixed; populating an empty array no longer hangs foreeeeeeeever (#481)
+
+2.0.2 / 2011-08-25
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; Maintain query option key order (fixes 'bad hint' error from compound query hints)
+
+2.0.1 / 2011-08-25
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; do not over-write the doc when no valide props exist in Model.update (#473)
+
+2.0.0 / 2011-08-24
+===================
+
+  * Added; support for Buffers [justmoon]
+  * Changed; improved error handling [maelstrom]
+  * Removed: unused utils.erase
+  * Fixed; support for passing other context object into Schemas (#234) [Sija]
+  * Fixed; getters are no longer circular refs to themselves (#366)
+  * Removed; unused compat.js
+  * Fixed; getter/setter scopes are set properly
+  * Changed; made several private properties more obvious by prefixing _
+  * Added; DBRef support [guille]
+  * Changed; removed support for multiple collection names per model
+  * Fixed; no longer applying setters when document returned from db
+  * Changed; default auto_reconnect to true
+  * Changed; Query#bind no longer clones the query
+  * Fixed; Model.update now accepts $pull, $inc and friends (#404)
+  * Added; virtual type option support [nw]
+
+1.8.4 / 2011-08-21
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; validation bug when instantiated with non-schema properties (#464) [jmreidy]
+
+1.8.3 / 2011-08-19
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; regression in connection#open [jshaw86]
+
+1.8.2 / 2011-08-17
+===================
+
+  * fixed; reset connection.readyState after failure [tomseago]
+  * fixed; can now query positionally for non-embedded docs (arrays of numbers/strings etc)
+  * fixed; embedded document query casting
+  * added; support for passing options to node-mongo-native db, server, and replsetserver [tomseago]
+
+1.8.1 / 2011-08-10
+===================
+
+  * fixed; ObjectIds were always marked modified
+  * fixed; can now query using document instances
+  * fixed; can now query/update using documents with subdocs
+
+1.8.0 / 2011-08-04
+===================
+
+  * fixed; can now use $all with String and Number
+  * fixed; can query subdoc array with $ne: null
+  * fixed; instance.subdocs#id now works with custom _ids
+  * fixed; do not apply setters when doc returned from db (change in bad behavior)
+
+1.7.4 / 2011-07-25
+===================
+
+  * fixed; sparse now a valid seperate schema option
+  * fixed; now catching cast errors in queries
+  * fixed; calling new Schema with object created in vm.runInNewContext now works (#384) [Sija]
+  * fixed; String enum was disallowing null
+  * fixed; Find by nested document _id now works (#389)
+
+1.7.3 / 2011-07-16
+===================
+
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#indexOf now works with ObjectIds
+  * fixed; validation scope now set properly (#418)
+  * fixed; added missing colors dependency (#398)
+
+1.7.2 / 2011-07-13
+===================
+
+  * changed; node-mongodb-native driver to v0.9.6.7
+
+1.7.1 / 2011-07-12
+===================
+
+  * changed; roll back node-mongodb-native driver to v0.9.6.4
+
+1.7.0 / 2011-07-12
+===================
+
+  * fixed; collection name misspelling [mathrawka]
+  * fixed; 2nd param is required for ReplSetServers [kevinmarvin]
+  * fixed; MongooseArray behaves properly with Object.keys
+  * changed; node-mongodb-native driver to v0.9.6.6
+  * fixed/changed; Mongodb segfault when passed invalid ObjectId (#407)
+      - This means invalid data passed to the ObjectId constructor will now error
+
+1.6.0 / 2011-07-07
+===================
+
+  * changed; .save() errors are now emitted on the instances db instead of the instance 9782463fc
+  * fixed; errors occurring when creating indexes now properly emit on db
+  * added; $maxDistance support to MongooseArrays
+  * fixed; RegExps now work with $all
+  * changed; node-mongodb-native driver to v0.9.6.4
+  * fixed; model names are now accessible via .modelName
+  * added; Query#slaveOk support
+
+1.5.0 / 2011-06-27
+===================
+
+  * changed; saving without a callback no longer ignores the error (@bnoguchi)
+  * changed; hook-js version bump to 0.1.9
+  * changed; node-mongodb-native version bumped to 0.9.6.1 - When .remove() doesn't
+             return an error, null is no longer passed.
+  * fixed; two memory leaks (@justmoon)
+  * added; sparse index support
+  * added; more ObjectId conditionals (gt, lt, gte, lte) (@phillyqueso)
+  * added; options are now passed in model#remote (@JerryLuke)
+
+1.4.0 / 2011-06-10
+===================
+
+  * bumped hooks-js dependency (fixes issue passing null as first arg to next())
+  * fixed; document#inspect now works properly with nested docs
+  * fixed; 'set' now works as a schema attribute (GH-365)
+  * fixed; _id is now set properly within pre-init hooks (GH-289)
+  * added; Query#distinct / Model#distinct support (GH-155)
+  * fixed; embedded docs now can use instance methods (GH-249)
+  * fixed; can now overwrite strings conflicting with schema type
+
+1.3.7 / 2011-06-03
+===================
+
+  * added MongooseArray#splice support
+  * fixed; 'path' is now a valid Schema pathname
+  * improved hooks (utilizing https://github.com/bnoguchi/hooks-js)
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#$shift now works (never did)
+  * fixed; Document.modified no longer throws
+  * fixed; modifying subdoc property sets modified paths for subdoc and parent doc
+  * fixed; marking subdoc path as modified properly persists the value to the db
+  * fixed; RexExps can again be saved ( #357 )
+
+1.3.6 / 2011-05-18
+===================
+
+  * fixed; corrected casting for queries against array types
+  * added; Document#set now accepts Document instances
+
+1.3.5 / 2011-05-17
+===================
+
+  * fixed; $ne queries work properly with single vals
+  * added; #inspect() methods to improve console.log output
+
+1.3.4 / 2011-05-17
+===================
+
+  * fixed; find by Date works as expected (#336)
+  * added; geospatial 2d index support
+  * added; support for $near (#309)
+  * updated; node-mongodb-native driver
+  * fixed; updating numbers work (#342)
+  * added; better error msg when try to remove an embedded doc without an _id (#307)
+  * added; support for 'on-the-fly' schemas (#227)
+  * changed; virtual id getters can now be skipped
+  * fixed; .index() called on subdoc schema now works as expected
+  * fixed; db.setProfile() now buffers until the db is open (#340)
+
+1.3.3 / 2011-04-27
+===================
+
+  * fixed; corrected query casting on nested mixed types
+
+1.3.2 / 2011-04-27
+===================
+
+  * fixed; query hints now retain key order
+
+1.3.1 / 2011-04-27
+===================
+
+  * fixed; setting a property on an embedded array no longer overwrites entire array (GH-310)
+  * fixed; setting nested properties works when sibling prop is named "type"
+  * fixed; isModified is now much finer grained when .set() is used (GH-323)
+  * fixed; mongoose.model() and connection.model() now return the Model (GH-308, GH-305)
+  * fixed; can now use $gt, $lt, $gte, $lte with String schema types (GH-317)
+  * fixed; .lowercase() -> .toLowerCase() in pluralize()
+  * fixed; updating an embedded document by index works (GH-334)
+  * changed; .save() now passes the instance to the callback (GH-294, GH-264)
+  * added; can now query system.profile and system.indexes collections
+  * added; db.model('system.profile') is now included as a default Schema
+  * added; db.setProfiling(level, ms, callback)
+  * added; Query#hint() support
+  * added; more tests
+  * updated node-mongodb-native to 0.9.3
+
+1.3.0 / 2011-04-19
+===================
+
+  * changed; save() callbacks now fire only once on failed validation
+  * changed; Errors returned from save() callbacks now instances of ValidationError
+  * fixed; MongooseArray#indexOf now works properly
+
+1.2.0 / 2011-04-11
+===================
+
+  * changed; MongooseNumber now casts empty string to null
+
+1.1.25 / 2011-04-08
+===================
+
+  * fixed; post init now fires at proper time
+
+1.1.24 / 2011-04-03
+===================
+
+  * fixed; pushing an array onto an Array works on existing docs
+
+1.1.23 / 2011-04-01
+===================
+
+  * Added Model#model
+
+1.1.22 / 2011-03-31
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; $in queries on mixed types now work
+
+1.1.21 / 2011-03-31
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; setting object root to null/undefined works
+
+1.1.20 / 2011-03-31
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; setting multiple props on null field works
+
+1.1.19 / 2011-03-31
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; no longer using $set on paths to an unexisting fields
+
+1.1.18 / 2011-03-30
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; non-mixed type object setters work after initd from null
+
+1.1.17 / 2011-03-30
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; nested object property access works when root initd with null value
+
+1.1.16 / 2011-03-28
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; empty arrays are now saved
+
+1.1.15 / 2011-03-28
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; `null` and `undefined` are set atomically.
+
+1.1.14 / 2011-03-28
+===================
+
+  * Changed; more forgiving date casting, accepting '' as null.
+
+1.1.13 / 2011-03-26
+===================
+
+  * Fixed setting values as `undefined`.
+
+1.1.12 / 2011-03-26
+===================
+
+  * Fixed; nested objects now convert to JSON properly
+  * Fixed; setting nested objects directly now works
+  * Update node-mongodb-native
+
+1.1.11 / 2011-03-25
+===================
+
+  * Fixed for use of `type` as a key.
+
+1.1.10 / 2011-03-23
+===================
+
+  * Changed; Make sure to only ensure indexes while connected
+
+1.1.9 / 2011-03-2
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; Mixed can now default to empty arrays
+  * Fixed; keys by the name 'type' are now valid
+  * Fixed; null values retrieved from the database are hydrated as null values.
+  * Fixed repeated atomic operations when saving a same document twice.
+
+1.1.8 / 2011-03-23
+==================
+
+  * Fixed 'id' overriding. [bnoguchi]
+
+1.1.7 / 2011-03-22
+==================
+
+  * Fixed RegExp query casting when querying against an Array of Strings [bnoguchi]
+  * Fixed getters/setters for nested virtualsl. [bnoguchi]
+
+1.1.6 / 2011-03-22
+==================
+
+  * Only doValidate when path exists in Schema [aheckmann]
+  * Allow function defaults for Array types [aheckmann]
+  * Fix validation hang [aheckmann]
+  * Fix setting of isRequired of SchemaType [aheckmann]
+  * Fix SchemaType#required(false) filter [aheckmann]
+  * More backwards compatibility [aheckmann]
+  * More tests [aheckmann]
+
+1.1.5 / 2011-03-14
+==================
+
+  * Added support for `uri, db, fn` and `uri, fn` signatures for replica sets.
+  * Improved/extended replica set tests.
+
+1.1.4 / 2011-03-09
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; running an empty Query doesn't throw. [aheckmann]
+  * Changed; Promise#addBack returns promise. [aheckmann]
+  * Added streaming cursor support. [aheckmann]
+  * Changed; Query#update defaults to use$SetOnSave now. [brian]
+  * Added more docs.
+
+1.1.3 / 2011-03-04
+==================
+
+  * Added Promise#resolve [aheckmann]
+  * Fixed backward compatibility with nulls [aheckmann]
+  * Changed; Query#{run,exec} return promises [aheckmann]
+
+1.1.2 / 2011-03-03
+==================
+
+  * Restored Query#exec and added notion of default operation [brian]
+  * Fixed ValidatorError messages [brian]
+
+1.1.1 / 2011-03-01
+==================
+
+  * Added SchemaType String `lowercase`, `uppercase`, `trim`.
+  * Public exports (`Model`, `Document`) and tests.
+  * Added ObjectId casting support for `Document`s.
+
+1.1.0 / 2011-02-25
+==================
+
+  * Added support for replica sets.
+
+1.0.16 / 2011-02-18
+===================
+
+  * Added $nin as another whitelisted $conditional for SchemaArray [brian]
+  * Changed #with to #where [brian]
+  * Added ability to use $in conditional with Array types [brian]
+
+1.0.15 / 2011-02-18
+===================
+
+  * Added `id` virtual getter for documents to easily access the hexString of
+  the `_id`.
+
+1.0.14 / 2011-02-17
+===================
+
+  * Fix for arrays within subdocuments [brian]
+
+1.0.13 / 2011-02-16
+===================
+
+  * Fixed embedded documents saving.
+
+1.0.12 / 2011-02-14
+===================
+
+  * Minor refactorings [brian]
+
+1.0.11 / 2011-02-14
+===================
+
+  * Query refactor and $ne, $slice, $or, $size, $elemMatch, $nin, $exists support [brian]
+  * Named scopes sugar [brian]
+
+1.0.10 / 2011-02-11
+===================
+
+  * Updated node-mongodb-native driver [thanks John Allen]
+
+1.0.9 / 2011-02-09
+==================
+
+  * Fixed single member arrays as defaults [brian]
+
+1.0.8 / 2011-02-09
+==================
+
+  * Fixed for collection-level buffering of commands [gitfy]
+  * Fixed `Document#toJSON` [dalejefferson]
+  * Fixed `Connection` authentication [robrighter]
+  * Fixed clash of accessors in getters/setters [eirikurn]
+  * Improved `Model#save` promise handling
+
+1.0.7 / 2011-02-05
+==================
+
+  * Fixed memory leak warnings for test suite on 0.3
+  * Fixed querying documents that have an array that contain at least one
+  specified member. [brian]
+  * Fixed default value for Array types (fixes GH-210). [brian]
+  * Fixed example code.
+
+1.0.6 / 2011-02-03
+==================
+
+  * Fixed `post` middleware
+  * Fixed; it's now possible to instantiate a model even when one of the paths maps
+  to an undefined value [brian]
+
+1.0.5 / 2011-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Fixed; combo $push and $pushAll auto-converts into a $pushAll [brian]
+  * Fixed; combo $pull and $pullAll auto-converts to a single $pullAll [brian]
+  * Fixed; $pullAll now removes said members from array before save (so it acts just
+  like pushAll) [brian]
+  * Fixed; multiple $pulls and $pushes become a single $pullAll and $pushAll.
+  Moreover, $pull now modifies the array before save to reflect the immediate
+  change [brian]
+  * Added tests for nested shortcut getters [brian]
+  * Added tests that show that Schemas with nested Arrays don't apply defaults
+  [brian]
+
+1.0.4 / 2011-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Added MongooseNumber#toString
+  * Added MongooseNumber unit tests
+
+1.0.3 / 2011-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Make sure safe mode works with Model#save
+  * Changed Schema options: safe mode is now the default
+  * Updated node-mongodb-native to HEAD
+
+1.0.2 / 2011-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Added a Model.create shortcut for creating documents. [brian]
+  * Fixed; we can now instantiate models with hashes that map to at least one
+  null value. [brian]
+  * Fixed Schema with more than 2 nested levels. [brian]
+
+1.0.1 / 2011-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Improved `MongooseNumber`, works almost like the native except for `typeof`
+  not being `'number'`.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54b4a4c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2010-2013 LearnBoost <dev@learnboost.com>
+Copyright (c) 2013-2021 Automattic
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b28bed665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# Mongoose
+
+Mongoose is a [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.org/) object modeling tool designed to work in an asynchronous environment. Mongoose supports both promises and callbacks.
+
+[![Slack Status](http://slack.mongoosejs.io/badge.svg)](http://slack.mongoosejs.io)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose)
+[![NPM version](https://badge.fury.io/js/mongoose.svg)](http://badge.fury.io/js/mongoose)
+
+[![npm](https://nodei.co/npm/mongoose.png)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose)
+
+## Documentation
+
+The official documentation website is [mongoosejs.com](http://mongoosejs.com/).
+
+[Mongoose 5.0.0](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/History.md#500--2018-01-17) was released on January 17, 2018. You can find more details on [backwards breaking changes in 5.0.0 on our docs site](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/migrating_to_5.html).
+
+## Support
+
+  - [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mongoose)
+  - [Bug Reports](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/)
+  - [Mongoose Slack Channel](http://slack.mongoosejs.io/)
+  - [Help Forum](http://groups.google.com/group/mongoose-orm)
+  - [MongoDB Support](https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/support/)
+
+## Plugins
+
+Check out the [plugins search site](http://plugins.mongoosejs.io/) to see hundreds of related modules from the community. Next, learn how to write your own plugin from the [docs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/plugins.html) or [this blog post](http://thecodebarbarian.com/2015/03/06/guide-to-mongoose-plugins).
+
+## Contributors
+
+Pull requests are always welcome! Please base pull requests against the `master`
+branch and follow the [contributing guide](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+
+If your pull requests makes documentation changes, please do **not**
+modify any `.html` files. The `.html` files are compiled code, so please make
+your changes in `docs/*.pug`, `lib/*.js`, or `test/docs/*.js`.
+
+View all 400+ [contributors](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/graphs/contributors).
+
+## Installation
+
+First install [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/) and [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.org/downloads). Then:
+
+```sh
+$ npm install mongoose
+```
+
+## Importing
+
+```javascript
+// Using Node.js `require()`
+const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+
+// Using ES6 imports
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+```
+
+## Mongoose for Enterprise
+
+Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription
+
+The maintainers of mongoose and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source dependencies you use to build your applications. Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact dependencies you use. [Learn more.](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-mongoose?utm_source=npm-mongoose&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=enterprise&utm_term=repo)
+
+## Overview
+
+### Connecting to MongoDB
+
+First, we need to define a connection. If your app uses only one database, you should use `mongoose.connect`. If you need to create additional connections, use `mongoose.createConnection`.
+
+Both `connect` and `createConnection` take a `mongodb://` URI, or the parameters `host, database, port, options`.
+
+```js
+await mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/my_database', {
+  useNewUrlParser: true,
+  useUnifiedTopology: true,
+  useFindAndModify: false,
+  useCreateIndex: true
+});
+```
+
+Once connected, the `open` event is fired on the `Connection` instance. If you're using `mongoose.connect`, the `Connection` is `mongoose.connection`. Otherwise, `mongoose.createConnection` return value is a `Connection`.
+
+**Note:** _If the local connection fails then try using 127.0.0.1 instead of localhost. Sometimes issues may arise when the local hostname has been changed._
+
+**Important!** Mongoose buffers all the commands until it's connected to the database. This means that you don't have to wait until it connects to MongoDB in order to define models, run queries, etc.
+
+### Defining a Model
+
+Models are defined through the `Schema` interface.
+
+```js
+const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
+const ObjectId = Schema.ObjectId;
+
+const BlogPost = new Schema({
+  author: ObjectId,
+  title: String,
+  body: String,
+  date: Date
+});
+```
+
+Aside from defining the structure of your documents and the types of data you're storing, a Schema handles the definition of:
+
+* [Validators](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/validation.html) (async and sync)
+* [Defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-default)
+* [Getters](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-get)
+* [Setters](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set)
+* [Indexes](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#indexes)
+* [Middleware](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html)
+* [Methods](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#methods) definition
+* [Statics](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#statics) definition
+* [Plugins](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/plugins.html)
+* [pseudo-JOINs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html)
+
+The following example shows some of these features:
+
+```js
+const Comment = new Schema({
+  name: { type: String, default: 'hahaha' },
+  age: { type: Number, min: 18, index: true },
+  bio: { type: String, match: /[a-z]/ },
+  date: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
+  buff: Buffer
+});
+
+// a setter
+Comment.path('name').set(function (v) {
+  return capitalize(v);
+});
+
+// middleware
+Comment.pre('save', function (next) {
+  notify(this.get('email'));
+  next();
+});
+```
+
+Take a look at the example in [`examples/schema/schema.js`](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/examples/schema/schema.js) for an end-to-end example of a typical setup.
+
+### Accessing a Model
+
+Once we define a model through `mongoose.model('ModelName', mySchema)`, we can access it through the same function
+
+```js
+const MyModel = mongoose.model('ModelName');
+```
+
+Or just do it all at once
+
+```js
+const MyModel = mongoose.model('ModelName', mySchema);
+```
+
+The first argument is the _singular_ name of the collection your model is for. **Mongoose automatically looks for the _plural_ version of your model name.** For example, if you use
+
+```js
+const MyModel = mongoose.model('Ticket', mySchema);
+```
+
+Then Mongoose will create the model for your __tickets__ collection, not your __ticket__ collection.
+
+Once we have our model, we can then instantiate it, and save it:
+
+```js
+const instance = new MyModel();
+instance.my.key = 'hello';
+instance.save(function (err) {
+  //
+});
+```
+
+Or we can find documents from the same collection
+
+```js
+MyModel.find({}, function (err, docs) {
+  // docs.forEach
+});
+```
+
+You can also `findOne`, `findById`, `update`, etc.
+
+```js
+const instance = await MyModel.findOne({ ... });
+console.log(instance.my.key);  // 'hello'
+```
+
+For more details check out [the docs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html).
+
+**Important!** If you opened a separate connection using `mongoose.createConnection()` but attempt to access the model through `mongoose.model('ModelName')` it will not work as expected since it is not hooked up to an active db connection. In this case access your model through the connection you created:
+
+```js
+const conn = mongoose.createConnection('your connection string');
+const MyModel = conn.model('ModelName', schema);
+const m = new MyModel;
+m.save(); // works
+```
+
+vs
+
+```js
+const conn = mongoose.createConnection('your connection string');
+const MyModel = mongoose.model('ModelName', schema);
+const m = new MyModel;
+m.save(); // does not work b/c the default connection object was never connected
+```
+
+### Embedded Documents
+
+In the first example snippet, we defined a key in the Schema that looks like:
+
+```
+comments: [Comment]
+```
+
+Where `Comment` is a `Schema` we created. This means that creating embedded documents is as simple as:
+
+```js
+// retrieve my model
+const BlogPost = mongoose.model('BlogPost');
+
+// create a blog post
+const post = new BlogPost();
+
+// create a comment
+post.comments.push({ title: 'My comment' });
+
+post.save(function (err) {
+  if (!err) console.log('Success!');
+});
+```
+
+The same goes for removing them:
+
+```js
+BlogPost.findById(myId, function (err, post) {
+  if (!err) {
+    post.comments[0].remove();
+    post.save(function (err) {
+      // do something
+    });
+  }
+});
+```
+
+Embedded documents enjoy all the same features as your models. Defaults, validators, middleware. Whenever an error occurs, it's bubbled to the `save()` error callback, so error handling is a snap!
+
+
+### Middleware
+
+See the [docs](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html) page.
+
+#### Intercepting and mutating method arguments
+
+You can intercept method arguments via middleware.
+
+For example, this would allow you to broadcast changes about your Documents every time someone `set`s a path in your Document to a new value:
+
+```js
+schema.pre('set', function (next, path, val, typel) {
+  // `this` is the current Document
+  this.emit('set', path, val);
+
+  // Pass control to the next pre
+  next();
+});
+```
+
+Moreover, you can mutate the incoming `method` arguments so that subsequent middleware see different values for those arguments. To do so, just pass the new values to `next`:
+
+```js
+.pre(method, function firstPre (next, methodArg1, methodArg2) {
+  // Mutate methodArg1
+  next("altered-" + methodArg1.toString(), methodArg2);
+});
+
+// pre declaration is chainable
+.pre(method, function secondPre (next, methodArg1, methodArg2) {
+  console.log(methodArg1);
+  // => 'altered-originalValOfMethodArg1'
+
+  console.log(methodArg2);
+  // => 'originalValOfMethodArg2'
+
+  // Passing no arguments to `next` automatically passes along the current argument values
+  // i.e., the following `next()` is equivalent to `next(methodArg1, methodArg2)`
+  // and also equivalent to, with the example method arg
+  // values, `next('altered-originalValOfMethodArg1', 'originalValOfMethodArg2')`
+  next();
+});
+```
+
+#### Schema gotcha
+
+`type`, when used in a schema has special meaning within Mongoose. If your schema requires using `type` as a nested property you must use object notation:
+
+```js
+new Schema({
+  broken: { type: Boolean },
+  asset: {
+    name: String,
+    type: String // uh oh, it broke. asset will be interpreted as String
+  }
+});
+
+new Schema({
+  works: { type: Boolean },
+  asset: {
+    name: String,
+    type: { type: String } // works. asset is an object with a type property
+  }
+});
+```
+
+### Driver Access
+
+Mongoose is built on top of the [official MongoDB Node.js driver](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native). Each mongoose model keeps a reference to a [native MongoDB driver collection](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Collection.html). The collection object can be accessed using `YourModel.collection`. However, using the collection object directly bypasses all mongoose features, including hooks, validation, etc. The one
+notable exception that `YourModel.collection` still buffers
+commands. As such, `YourModel.collection.find()` will **not**
+return a cursor.
+
+## API Docs
+
+Find the API docs [here](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html), generated using [dox](https://github.com/tj/dox)
+and [acquit](https://github.com/vkarpov15/acquit).
+
+## Related Projects
+
+#### MongoDB Runners
+
+- [run-rs](https://www.npmjs.com/package/run-rs)
+- [mongodb-memory-server](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongodb-memory-server)
+- [mongodb-topology-manager](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongodb-topology-manager)
+
+#### Unofficial CLIs
+
+- [mongoosejs-cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoosejs-cli)
+
+#### Data Seeding
+
+- [dookie](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dookie)
+- [seedgoose](https://www.npmjs.com/package/seedgoose)
+- [mongoose-data-seed](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose-data-seed)
+
+#### Express Session Stores
+
+- [connect-mongodb-session](https://www.npmjs.com/package/connect-mongodb-session)
+- [connect-mongo](https://www.npmjs.com/package/connect-mongo)
+
+## License
+
+Copyright (c) 2010 LearnBoost &lt;dev@learnboost.com&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/SECURITY.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41b89d834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Please follow the instructions on [Tidelift's security page](https://tidelift.com/docs/security) to report a security issue.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cf822804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Export lib/mongoose
+ *
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = require('./lib/browser');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/build-browser.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/build-browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f4aa1681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/build-browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const config = require('./webpack.config.js');
+const webpack = require('webpack');
+
+const compiler = webpack(config);
+
+console.log('Starting browser build...');
+compiler.run((err, stats) => {
+  if (err) {
+    console.err(stats.toString());
+    console.err('Browser build unsuccessful.');
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+  console.log(stats.toString());
+  console.log('Browser build successful.');
+  process.exit(0);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/dist/browser.umd.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/dist/browser.umd.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c680c147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/dist/browser.umd.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1625 @@
+!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.mongoose=e():t.mongoose=e()}("undefined"!=typeof self?self:this,(function(){return function(t){var e={};function r(n){if(e[n])return e[n].exports;var o=e[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return t[n].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,r),o.l=!0,o.exports}return r.m=t,r.c=e,r.d=function(t,e,n){r.o(t,e)||Object.defineProperty(t,e,{enumerable:!0,get:n})},r.r=function(t){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(t,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(t,"__esModule",{value:!0})},r.t=function(t,e){if(1&e&&(t=r(t)),8&e)return t;if(4&e&&"object"==typeof t&&t&&t.__esModule)return t;var n=Object.create(null);if(r.r(n),Object.defineProperty(n,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:t}),2&e&&"string"!=typeof t)for(var o in t)r.d(n,o,function(e){return t[e]}.bind(null,o));return n},r.n=function(t){var e=t&&t.__esModule?function(){return t.default}:function(){return t};return r.d(e,"a",e),e},r.o=function(t,e){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e)},r.p="",r(r.s=95)}([function(t,e,r){"use strict";e.arrayAtomicsSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Array#_atomics"),e.arrayParentSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Array#_parent"),e.arrayPathSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Array#_path"),e.arraySchemaSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Array#_schema"),e.documentArrayParent=Symbol("mongoose:documentArrayParent"),e.documentIsSelected=Symbol("mongoose#Document#isSelected"),e.documentIsModified=Symbol("mongoose#Document#isModified"),e.documentModifiedPaths=Symbol("mongoose#Document#modifiedPaths"),e.documentSchemaSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Document#schema"),e.getSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Document#get"),e.modelSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Model"),e.objectIdSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#ObjectId"),e.populateModelSymbol=Symbol("mongoose.PopulateOptions#Model"),e.schemaTypeSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#schemaType"),e.sessionNewDocuments=Symbol("mongoose:ClientSession#newDocuments"),e.scopeSymbol=Symbol("mongoose#Document#scope"),e.validatorErrorSymbol=Symbol("mongoose:validatorError")},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */function n(t,e){var r="undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&t[Symbol.iterator]||t["@@iterator"];if(!r){if(Array.isArray(t)||(r=function(t,e){if(!t)return;if("string"==typeof t)return o(t,e);var r=Object.prototype.toString.call(t).slice(8,-1);"Object"===r&&t.constructor&&(r=t.constructor.name);if("Map"===r||"Set"===r)return Array.from(t);if("Arguments"===r||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(r))return o(t,e)}(t))||e&&t&&"number"==typeof t.length){r&&(t=r);var n=0,i=function(){};return{s:i,n:function(){return n>=t.length?{done:!0}:{done:!1,value:t[n++]}},e:function(t){throw t},f:i}}throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}var s,a=!0,u=!1;return{s:function(){r=r.call(t)},n:function(){var t=r.next();return a=t.done,t},e:function(t){u=!0,s=t},f:function(){try{a||null==r.return||r.return()}finally{if(u)throw s}}}}function o(t,e){(null==e||e>t.length)&&(e=t.length);for(var r=0,n=new Array(e);r<e;r++)n[r]=t[r];return n}function i(t){return(i="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}var s,a=r(113),u=r(49),c=r(62),l=r(63).Buffer,f=r(20),p=r(7),h=r(116),y=r(29),d=r(22),_=r(21),v=r(66),m=r(65),g=r(30),b=r(25),w=r(71),O=r(50);function S(t){if(Array.isArray(t.populate)){var r=[];t.populate.forEach((function(t){if(/[\s]/.test(t.path)){var n=Object.assign({},t);n.path.split(" ").forEach((function(t){n.path=t,r.push(e.populate(n)[0])}))}else r.push(e.populate(t)[0])})),t.populate=e.populate(r)}else null!=t.populate&&"object"===i(t.populate)&&(t.populate=e.populate(t.populate));var o=[],s=t.path.split(" ");null!=t.options&&(t.options=e.clone(t.options));var a,u=n(s);try{for(u.s();!(a=u.n()).done;){var c=a.value;o.push(new h(Object.assign({},t,{path:c})))}}catch(t){u.e(t)}finally{u.f()}return o}
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+ *
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+ * @param {Object} obj
+ */e.specialProperties=O,
+/*!
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+ * the model name
+ *
+ * @param {String} name a model name
+ * @param {Function} pluralize function that pluralizes the collection name
+ * @return {String} a collection name
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.toCollectionName=function(t,e){return"system.profile"===t||"system.indexes"===t?t:"function"==typeof e?e(t):t},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * Modified from node/lib/assert.js
+ *
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+ * @param {any} b a value to compare to `a`
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
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+/*!
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+ */
+e.last=function(t){if(t.length>0)return t[t.length-1]},e.clone=y,
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+e.promiseOrCallback=b,
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+e.omit=function(t,e){if(null==e)return Object.assign({},t);Array.isArray(e)||(e=[e]);var r,o=Object.assign({},t),i=n(e);try{for(i.s();!(r=i.n()).done;){delete o[r.value]}}catch(t){i.e(t)}finally{i.f()}return o},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {Object} defaults
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Object} the merged object
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.options=function(t,e){var r,n=Object.keys(t),o=n.length;for(e=e||{};o--;)(r=n[o])in e||(e[r]=t[r]);return e},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.random=function(){return Math.random().toString().substr(3)},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {Object} to
+ * @param {Object} from
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.merge=function t(r,n,o,i){o=o||{};var s,a=Object.keys(n),u=0,c=a.length;i=i||"";for(var l=o.omitNested||{};u<c;)if(s=a[u++],!(o.omit&&o.omit[s]||l[i]||O.has(s)))if(null==r[s])r[s]=n[s];else if(e.isObject(n[s])){if(e.isObject(r[s])||(r[s]={}),null!=n[s]){if(o.isDiscriminatorSchemaMerge&&n[s].$isSingleNested&&r[s].$isMongooseDocumentArray||n[s].$isMongooseDocumentArray&&r[s].$isSingleNested)continue;if(n[s].instanceOfSchema){r[s].instanceOfSchema?w(r[s],n[s].clone(),o.isDiscriminatorSchemaMerge):r[s]=n[s].clone();continue}if(n[s]instanceof p){r[s]=new p(n[s]);continue}}t(r[s],n[s],o,i?i+"."+s:s)}else o.overwrite&&(r[s]=n[s])},
+/*!
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+ *
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+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.toObject=function t(o){var i;if(s||(s=r(12)),null==o)return o;if(o instanceof s)return o.toObject();if(Array.isArray(o)){i=[];var a,u=n(o);try{for(u.s();!(a=u.n()).done;){var c=a.value;i.push(t(c))}}catch(t){u.e(t)}finally{u.f()}return i}if(e.isPOJO(o)){i={};for(var l=0,f=Object.keys(o);l<f.length;l++){var p=f[l];O.has(p)||(i[p]=t(o[p]))}return i}return o},e.isObject=_,
+/*!
+ * Determines if `arg` is a plain old JavaScript object (POJO). Specifically,
+ * `arg` must be an object but not an instance of any special class, like String,
+ * ObjectId, etc.
+ *
+ * `Object.getPrototypeOf()` is part of ES5: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/getPrototypeOf
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|String|Function|RegExp|any} arg
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+e.isPOJO=function(t){if(null==t||"object"!==i(t))return!1;var e=Object.getPrototypeOf(t);return!e||"Object"===e.constructor.name},
+/*!
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+ * etc.
+ */
+e.isNativeObject=function(t){return Array.isArray(t)||t instanceof Date||t instanceof Boolean||t instanceof Number||t instanceof String},
+/*!
+ * Determines if `val` is an object that has no own keys
+ */
+e.isEmptyObject=function(t){return null!=t&&"object"===i(t)&&0===Object.keys(t).length},
+/*!
+ * Search if `obj` or any POJOs nested underneath `obj` has a property named
+ * `key`
+ */
+e.hasKey=function(t,r){for(var n=0,o=Object.keys(t);n<o.length;n++){var i=o[n];if(i===r)return!0;if(e.isPOJO(t[i])&&e.hasKey(t[i],r))return!0}return!1},
+/*!
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+ * @api private
+ */
+e.args=c,
+/*!
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+ *
+ * Wraps `callback` in a try/catch + nextTick.
+ *
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+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.tick=function(t){if("function"==typeof t)return function(){try{t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){d((function(){throw t}))}}},
+/*!
+ * Returns true if `v` is an object that can be serialized as a primitive in
+ * MongoDB
+ */
+e.isMongooseType=function(t){return t instanceof p||t instanceof f||t instanceof l},e.isMongooseObject=g,
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {Object} object
+ * @api private
+ */
+e.expires=function(t){var e;t&&"Object"===t.constructor.name&&("expires"in t&&(e="string"!=typeof t.expires?t.expires:Math.round(a(t.expires)/1e3),t.expireAfterSeconds=e,delete t.expires))},
+/*!
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+ */
+e.populate=function(t,r,n,o,s,a,u,c){var l=null;if(1===arguments.length){if(t instanceof h)return[t];if(Array.isArray(t)){var f=p(t);return f.map((function(t){return e.populate(t)[0]}))}l=e.isObject(t)?Object.assign({},t):{path:t}}else l="object"===i(n)?{path:t,select:r,match:n,options:o}:{path:t,select:r,model:n,match:o,options:s,populate:a,justOne:u,count:c};if("string"!=typeof l.path)throw new TypeError("utils.populate: invalid path. Expected string. Got typeof `"+i(t)+"`");return S(l);function p(t){var e=[];return t.forEach((function(t){/[\s]/.test(t.path)?t.path.split(" ").forEach((function(r){var n=Object.assign({},t);n.path=r,e.push(n)})):e.push(t)})),e}},e.getValue=function(t,e,r){return u.get(t,e,"_doc",r)},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Anything} val
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ */
+e.setValue=function(t,e,r,n,o){u.set(t,e,r,"_doc",n,o)},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {Object} o
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+e.object={},e.object.vals=function(t){for(var e=Object.keys(t),r=e.length,n=[];r--;)n.push(t[e[r]]);return n},
+/*!
+ * @see exports.options
+ */
+e.object.shallowCopy=e.options;
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {String} prop
+ */
+var A=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.object.hasOwnProperty=function(t,e){return A.call(t,e)},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+e.isNullOrUndefined=function(t){return null==t},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+e.array={},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * [ 1, [ 2, 3, [4] ]] -> [1,2,3,4]
+ *
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+ * @param {Function} [filter] If passed, will be invoked with each item in the array. If `filter` returns a falsy value, the item will not be included in the results.
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+e.array.flatten=function t(e,r,n){return n||(n=[]),e.forEach((function(e){Array.isArray(e)?t(e,r,n):r&&!r(e)||n.push(e)})),n};
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+var $=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.hasUserDefinedProperty=function(t,r){if(null==t)return!1;if(Array.isArray(r)){var o,s=n(r);try{for(s.s();!(o=s.n()).done;){var a=o.value;if(e.hasUserDefinedProperty(t,a))return!0}}catch(t){s.e(t)}finally{s.f()}return!1}if($.call(t,r))return!0;if("object"===i(t)&&r in t){var u=t[r];return u!==Object.prototype[r]&&u!==Array.prototype[r]}return!1};
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+var E=Math.pow(2,32)-1;e.isArrayIndex=function(t){return"number"==typeof t?t>=0&&t<=E:"string"==typeof t&&(!!/^\d+$/.test(t)&&((t=+t)>=0&&t<=E))},
+/*!
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+ *
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+ * [ ObjectId("550988ba0c19d57f697dc45e"), ObjectId("550988ba0c19d57f697dc45e") ]
+ *    => [ObjectId("550988ba0c19d57f697dc45e")]
+ *
+ * @param {Array} arr
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+e.array.unique=function(t){var e,r=new Set,o=new Set,i=[],s=n(t);try{for(s.s();!(e=s.n()).done;){var a=e.value;if("number"==typeof a||"string"==typeof a||null==a){if(r.has(a))continue;i.push(a),r.add(a)}else if(a instanceof p){if(o.has(a.toString()))continue;i.push(a),o.add(a.toString())}else i.push(a)}}catch(t){s.e(t)}finally{s.f()}return i},
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} a
+ * @param {Object} b
+ */
+e.buffer={},e.buffer.areEqual=function(t,e){if(!l.isBuffer(t))return!1;if(!l.isBuffer(e))return!1;if(t.length!==e.length)return!1;for(var r=0,n=t.length;r<n;++r)if(t[r]!==e[r])return!1;return!0},e.getFunctionName=m,
+/*!
+ * Decorate buffers
+ */
+e.decorate=function(t,e){for(var r in e)O.has(r)||(t[r]=e[r])},e.mergeClone=function(t,r){g(r)&&(r=r.toObject({transform:!1,virtuals:!1,depopulate:!0,getters:!1,flattenDecimals:!1}));for(var n,o=Object.keys(r),i=o.length,s=0;s<i;)if(n=o[s++],!O.has(n))if(void 0===t[n])t[n]=e.clone(r[n],{transform:!1,virtuals:!1,depopulate:!0,getters:!1,flattenDecimals:!1});else{var a=r[n];if(null==a||!a.valueOf||a instanceof Date||(a=a.valueOf()),e.isObject(a)){var u=a;g(a)&&!a.isMongooseBuffer&&(u=u.toObject({transform:!1,virtuals:!1,depopulate:!0,getters:!1,flattenDecimals:!1})),a.isMongooseBuffer&&(u=l.from(u)),e.mergeClone(t[n],u)}else t[n]=e.clone(a,{flattenDecimals:!1})}},e.each=function(t,e){var r,o=n(t);try{for(o.s();!(r=o.n()).done;){e(r.value)}}catch(t){o.e(t)}finally{o.f()}},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+e.getOption=function(t){var e,r=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1),o=n(r);try{for(o.s();!(e=o.n()).done;){var i=e.value;if(null!=i[t])return i[t]}}catch(t){o.e(t)}finally{o.f()}return null},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+e.noop=function(){},e.errorToPOJO=function(t){if(!(t instanceof Error))throw new Error("`error` must be `instanceof Error`.");var e,r={},o=n(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(t));try{for(o.s();!(e=o.n()).done;){var i=e.value;r[i]=t[i]}}catch(t){o.e(t)}finally{o.f()}return r}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";(function(t){
+/*!
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+ *
+ * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <http://feross.org>
+ * @license  MIT
+ */
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+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */tt.prototype.$__schema,tt.prototype.schema,Object.defineProperty(tt.prototype,"$locals",{configurable:!1,enumerable:!1,writable:!0}),tt.prototype.isNew,tt.prototype.id,tt.prototype.errors,tt.prototype.$op,tt.prototype.$__buildDoc=function(t,e,r,n,o){for(var i={},s=Object.keys(this.$__schema.paths).filter((function(t){return!t.includes("$*")})),a=s.length,u=0;u<a;++u){var c=s[u];if("_id"===c){if(r)continue;if(t&&"_id"in t)continue}for(var l=this.$__schema.paths[c].splitPath(),f=l.length,p=f-1,h="",y=i,d=!1,_=0;_<f;++_){var v=l[_];if(h+=(h.length?".":"")+v,!0===n){if(h in e)break}else if(!1===n&&e&&!d)if(h in e)d=!0;else if(!o[h])break;_<p&&(y=y[v]||(y[v]={}))}}this._doc=i},
+/*!
+ * Converts to POJO when you use the document for querying
+ */
+tt.prototype.toBSON=function(){return this.toObject(R)},tt.prototype.init=function(t,e,r){return"function"==typeof e&&(r=e,e=null),this.$__init(t,e),r&&r(null,this),this},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+tt.prototype.$__init=function(t,e){if(this.isNew=!1,this.$init=!0,e=e||{},null!=t._id&&e.populated&&e.populated.length){var r,n=String(t._id),i=o(e.populated);try{for(i.s();!(r=i.n()).done;){var s=r.value;if(s.isVirtual?this.populated(s.path,I.getValue(s.path,t),s):this.populated(s.path,s._docs[n],s),null!=s._childDocs){var a,u=o(s._childDocs);try{for(u.s();!(a=u.n()).done;){var c=a.value;null!=c&&null!=c.$__&&(c.$__.parent=this)}}catch(t){u.e(t)}finally{u.f()}s._childDocs=[]}}}catch(t){i.e(t)}finally{i.f()}}
+/*!
+ * Init helper.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} self document instance
+ * @param {Object} obj raw mongodb doc
+ * @param {Object} doc object we are initializing
+ * @api private
+ */
+return function t(e,r,n,o,i){i=i||"";var s,a,u,c=Object.keys(r),l=c.length,f=0;for(;f<l;)p(f++);function p(l){if(u=c[l],a=i+u,s=e.$__schema.path(a),!e.$__schema.$isRootDiscriminator||e.$__isSelected(a))if(!s&&I.isPOJO(r[u]))n[u]||(n[u]={}),t(e,r[u],n[u],o,a+".");else if(s){if(null===r[u])n[u]=s._castNullish(null);else if(void 0!==r[u]){var f=(r[u].$__||{}).wasPopulated||null;if(s&&!f)try{n[u]=s.cast(r[u],e,!0)}catch(t){e.invalidate(t.path,new b({path:t.path,message:t.message,type:"cast",value:t.value,reason:t}))}else n[u]=r[u]}e.isModified(a)||e.$__.activePaths.init(a)}else n[u]=r[u]}}(this,t,this._doc,e),
+/*!
+ * If populating a path within a document array, make sure each
+ * subdoc within the array knows its subpaths are populated.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const doc = await Article.findOne().populate('comments.author');
+ *     doc.comments[0].populated('author'); // Should be set
+ */
+function(t,e){if(null==t._id||null==e||0===e.length)return;var r,n=String(t._id),i=o(e);try{for(i.s();!(r=i.n()).done;){var s=r.value;if(!s.isVirtual)for(var a=s.path.split("."),u=0;u<a.length-1;++u){var c=a.slice(0,u+1).join("."),l=a.slice(u+1).join("."),f=t.get(c);if(null!=f&&f.isMongooseDocumentArray){for(var p=0;p<f.length;++p)f[p].populated(l,null==s._docs[n]?[]:s._docs[n][p],s);break}}}}catch(t){i.e(t)}finally{i.f()}}(this,e.populated),this.emit("init",this),this.constructor.emit("init",this),this.$__._id=this._id,this},tt.prototype.update=function(){var t=I.args(arguments);t.unshift({_id:this._id});var e=this.constructor.update.apply(this.constructor,t);return null!=this.$session()&&("session"in e.options||(e.options.session=this.$session())),e},tt.prototype.updateOne=function(t,e,r){var n=this,o=this.constructor.updateOne({_id:this._id},t,e);return o.pre((function(t){n.constructor._middleware.execPre("updateOne",n,[n],t)})),o.post((function(t){n.constructor._middleware.execPost("updateOne",n,[n],{},t)})),null!=this.$session()&&("session"in o.options||(o.options.session=this.$session())),null!=r?o.exec(r):o},tt.prototype.replaceOne=function(){var t=I.args(arguments);return t.unshift({_id:this._id}),this.constructor.replaceOne.apply(this.constructor,t)},tt.prototype.$session=function(t){if(0===arguments.length)return this.$__.session;if(this.$__.session=t,!this.ownerDocument){var e,r=this.$getAllSubdocs(),n=o(r);try{for(n.s();!(e=n.n()).done;){var i=e.value;i.$session(t)}}catch(t){n.e(t)}finally{n.f()}}return t},tt.prototype.overwrite=function(t){for(var e=0,r=Array.from(new Set(Object.keys(this._doc).concat(Object.keys(t))));e<r.length;e++){var n=r[e];"_id"!==n&&(this.$__schema.options.versionKey&&n===this.$__schema.options.versionKey||this.$__schema.options.discriminatorKey&&n===this.$__schema.options.discriminatorKey||this.$set(n,t[n]))}return this},tt.prototype.$set=function(t,e,r,i){var a=this;I.isPOJO(r)&&(i=r,r=void 0);var u,c,l,f,d=(i=i||{}).merge,_=r&&!0!==r,v=!0===r,g=0,b="strict"in i?i.strict:this.$__.strictMode;if(_&&((this.$__.adhocPaths||(this.$__.adhocPaths={}))[t]=this.$__schema.interpretAsType(t,r,this.$__schema.options)),null==t){var w=t;t=e,e=w}else{if("string"!=typeof t){if(t instanceof tt&&(t=t.$__isNested?t.toObject():t._doc),null==t){var O=t;t=e,e=O}f=e?e+".":"";var A=(u=Object.keys(t)).length,$=j(i,"_skipMinimizeTopLevel",!1);if(0===A&&$)return delete i._skipMinimizeTopLevel,e&&this.$set(e,{}),this;for(var E=0;E<A;++E){var T=f+(l=u[E]);if(c=this.$__schema.pathType(T),!0!==r||f||null==t[l]||"nested"!==c||null==this._doc[l]||0!==Object.keys(this._doc[l]).length||(delete this._doc[l],i=Object.assign({},i,{_skipMinimizeTopLevel:!0})),!("object"!==s(t[l])||I.isNativeObject(t[l])||I.isMongooseType(t[l])||null==t[l]||"virtual"===c||"real"===c||"adhocOrUndefined"===c||this.$__path(T)instanceof h||this.$__schema.paths[T]&&this.$__schema.paths[T].options&&this.$__schema.paths[T].options.ref))this.$__.$setCalled.add(f+l),this.$set(t[l],f+l,v,i);else if(b){if(v&&void 0===t[l]&&void 0!==this.get(T))continue;if("adhocOrUndefined"===c&&(c=P(this,T,{typeOnly:!0})),"real"===c||"virtual"===c){var N=t[l];this.$__schema.paths[T]&&this.$__schema.paths[T].$isSingleNested&&t[l]instanceof tt&&(N=N.toObject({virtuals:!1,transform:!1})),this.$set(f+l,N,v,i)}else if("nested"===c&&t[l]instanceof tt)this.$set(f+l,t[l].toObject({transform:!1}),v,i);else if("throw"===b)throw"nested"===c?new y(l,t[l]):new m(l)}else void 0!==t[l]&&this.$set(f+l,t[l],v,i)}return this}this.$__.$setCalled.add(t)}var k,B=this.$__schema.pathType(t);if("adhocOrUndefined"===B&&(B=P(this,t,{typeOnly:!0})),e=x(e),"nested"===B&&e){if("object"===s(e)&&null!=e){var C=null!=this.$__.savedState&&this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(t);if(null!=this.$__.savedState&&!this.isNew&&!this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(t)){var R=this.$__getValue(t);this.$__.savedState[t]=R;for(var M=0,F=Object.keys(R||{});M<F.length;M++){var U=F[M];this.$__.savedState[t+"."+U]=R[U]}}if(d)return this.$set(e,t,v);this.$__setValue(t,null),S(this,t);var L=Object.keys(e);this.$__setValue(t,{});for(var V=0,q=L;V<q.length;V++){var W=q[V];this.$set(t+"."+W,e[W],v)}return C&&I.deepEqual(this.$__.savedState[t],e)?this.unmarkModified(t):this.markModified(t),S(this,t,{skipDocArrays:!0}),this}return this.invalidate(t,new p.CastError("Object",e,t)),this}var H=-1===t.indexOf(".")?[t]:t.split(".");if("string"==typeof this.$__schema.aliases[H[0]]&&(H[0]=this.$__schema.aliases[H[0]]),"adhocOrUndefined"===B&&b){var Y;for(g=0;g<H.length;++g){var K=H.slice(0,g+1).join(".");if(g+1<H.length&&"virtual"===this.$__schema.pathType(K))return D.set(t,e,this),this;if(null!=(k=this.$__schema.path(K))&&k instanceof h){Y=!0;break}}if(null==k&&(k=P(this,t)),!Y&&!k){if("throw"===b)throw new m(t);return this}}else{if("virtual"===B)return(k=this.$__schema.virtualpath(t)).applySetters(e,this),this;k=this.$__path(t)}var z,Q=this._doc,G="";for(g=0;g<H.length-1;++g)Q=Q[H[g]],G+=(G.length>0?".":"")+H[g],Q||(this.$set(G,{}),this.$__isSelected(G)||this.unmarkModified(G),Q=this.$__getValue(G));if(H.length<=1)z=t;else{for(g=0;g<H.length;++g){var X=H.slice(0,g+1).join(".");if(null===this.get(X,null,{getters:!1})){z=X;break}}z||(z=t)}var Z=null!=a.$__.$options.priorDoc?a.$__.$options.priorDoc.$__getValue(t):v?void 0:a.$__getValue(t);if(!k)return this.$__set(z,t,v,H,k,e,Z),this;if((k.$isSingleNested||k.$isMongooseArray)&&
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+function(t,e){if(!t.$__.validationError)return;for(var r=Object.keys(t.$__.validationError.errors),n=0,o=r;n<o.length;n++){var i=o[n];i.startsWith(e+".")&&delete t.$__.validationError.errors[i]}0===Object.keys(t.$__.validationError.errors).length&&(t.$__.validationError=null)}
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */(this,t),k.$isSingleNested&&null!=e&&d){e instanceof tt&&(e=e.toObject({virtuals:!1,transform:!1}));for(var et=0,rt=Object.keys(e);et<rt.length;et++){var nt=rt[et];this.$set(t+"."+nt,e[nt],v,i)}return this}var ot=!0;try{var it,st=function(){if(null==k.options)return!1;if(!(e instanceof tt))return!1;var t=e.constructor,r=k.options.ref;if(null!=r&&(r===t.modelName||r===t.baseModelName))return!0;var n=k.options.refPath;if(null==n)return!1;var o=e.get(n);return o===t.modelName||o===t.baseModelName}(),at=!1;if(st&&e instanceof tt&&(this.populated(t,e._id,n({},J,e.constructor)),e.$__.wasPopulated=!0,at=!0),k.options&&Array.isArray(k.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey])&&k.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey].length&&k.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey][0].ref&&
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+function(t,e){if(!Array.isArray(t))return!1;if(0===t.length)return!1;var r,n=o(t);try{for(n.s();!(r=n.n()).done;){var i=r.value;if(!(i instanceof tt))return!1;if(null==i.constructor.modelName)return!1;if(i.constructor.modelName!=e&&i.constructor.baseModelName!=e)return!1}}catch(t){n.e(t)}finally{n.f()}return!0}(e,k.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey][0].ref)){this.ownerDocument?(it=n({},J,e[0].constructor),this.ownerDocument().populated(this.$__fullPath(t),e.map((function(t){return t._id})),it)):(it=n({},J,e[0].constructor),this.populated(t,e.map((function(t){return t._id})),it));var ut,ct=o(e);try{for(ct.s();!(ut=ct.n()).done;){ut.value.$__.wasPopulated=!0}}catch(t){ct.e(t)}finally{ct.f()}at=!0}if(null==this.$__schema.singleNestedPaths[t]&&(e=k.applySetters(e,this,!1,Z)),k.$isMongooseDocumentArray&&Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>0&&null!=e[0]&&null!=e[0].$__&&null!=e[0].$__.populated){for(var lt=Object.keys(e[0].$__.populated),ft=function(){var r=ht[pt];a.populated(t+"."+r,e.map((function(t){return t.populated(r)})),e[0].$__.populated[r].options)},pt=0,ht=lt;pt<ht.length;pt++)ft();at=!0}if(!at&&this.$__.populated){if(Array.isArray(e)&&this.$__.populated[t])for(var yt=0;yt<e.length;++yt)e[yt]instanceof tt&&(e[yt]=e[yt]._id);delete this.$__.populated[t]}k.$isSingleNested&&null!=e&&function(t,e,r){var n=e.schema;if(null==n)return;for(var o=0,i=Object.keys(n.paths);o<i.length;o++){var s=i[o],a=n.paths[s];if(null!=a.$immutableSetter){var u=null==r?void 0:r.$__getValue(s);a.$immutableSetter.call(t,u)}}}(e,k,Z),this.$markValid(t)}catch(r){r instanceof p.StrictModeError&&r.isImmutableError?this.invalidate(t,r):r instanceof p.CastError?(this.invalidate(r.path,r),r.$originalErrorPath&&this.invalidate(t,new p.CastError(k.instance,e,t,r.$originalErrorPath))):this.invalidate(t,new p.CastError(k.instance,e,t,r)),ot=!1}return ot&&(this.$__set(z,t,v,H,k,e,Z),null!=this.$__.savedState&&(this.isNew||this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(t)?this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(t)&&I.deepEqual(e,this.$__.savedState[t])&&this.unmarkModified(t):this.$__.savedState[t]=Z)),k.$isSingleNested&&(this.isDirectModified(t)||null==e)&&S(this,t),this},tt.prototype.set=tt.prototype.$set,tt.prototype.$__shouldModify=function(t,e,r,n,o,i,s){return!!this.isNew||null==this.$__schema.singleNestedPaths[e]&&(void 0===i&&!this.$__isSelected(e)||(void 0!==i||!(e in this.$__.activePaths.states.default))&&(!(this.populated(e)&&i instanceof tt&&L(i._id,s))&&(!L(i,s||I.getValue(e,this))||!(r||null==i||!(e in this.$__.activePaths.states.default)||!L(i,o.getDefault(this,r))))))},tt.prototype.$__set=function(t,e,n,o,i,s,a){c=c||r(27);var l=this.$__shouldModify(t,e,n,o,i,s,a),f=this;l&&(this.markModified(t),u||(u=r(84)),s&&s.isMongooseArray&&(s._registerAtomic("$set",s),s.isMongooseDocumentArray&&s.forEach((function(t){t&&t.__parentArray&&(t.__parentArray=s)})),this.$__.activePaths.forEach((function(t){t.startsWith(e+".")&&f.$__.activePaths.ignore(t)}))));for(var p=this._doc,h=0,y=o.length,d="";h<y;h++){var _=h+1===y;if(d+=d?"."+o[h]:o[h],Z.has(o[h]))return;_?p instanceof Map?p.set(o[h],s):p[o[h]]=s:(I.isPOJO(p[o[h]])||p[o[h]]&&p[o[h]]instanceof c||p[o[h]]&&p[o[h]].$isSingleNested||p[o[h]]&&Array.isArray(p[o[h]])||(p[o[h]]=p[o[h]]||{}),p=p[o[h]])}},tt.prototype.$__getValue=function(t){return I.getValue(t,this._doc)},tt.prototype.$__setValue=function(t,e){return I.setValue(t,e,this._doc),this},tt.prototype.get=function(t,e,r){var n;r=r||{},e&&(n=this.$__schema.interpretAsType(t,e,this.$__schema.options));var o=this.$__path(t);if(null==o&&(o=this.$__schema.virtualpath(t)),o instanceof h){var i=this.$__schema.virtualpath(t);null!=i&&(o=i)}var s=-1===t.indexOf(".")?[t]:t.split("."),a=this._doc;if(o instanceof w)return o.applyGetters(void 0,this);"string"==typeof this.$__schema.aliases[s[0]]&&(s[0]=this.$__schema.aliases[s[0]]);for(var u=0,c=s.length;u<c;u++)a&&a._doc&&(a=a._doc),a=null==a?void 0:a instanceof Map?a.get(s[u],{getters:!1}):u===c-1?I.getValue(s[u],a):a[s[u]];if(n&&(a=n.cast(a)),null!=o&&!1!==r.getters)a=o.applyGetters(a,this);else if(this.$__schema.nested[t]&&r.virtuals)return ut(this,I.clone(a)||{},{path:t});return a},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+tt.prototype[Q]=tt.prototype.get,tt.prototype.$__path=function(t){var e=this.$__.adhocPaths,r=e&&e.hasOwnProperty(t)?e[t]:null;return r||this.$__schema.path(t)},tt.prototype.markModified=function(t,e){this.$__.activePaths.modify(t),null==e||this.ownerDocument||(this.$__.pathsToScopes[t]=e)},tt.prototype.unmarkModified=function(t){this.$__.activePaths.init(t),delete this.$__.pathsToScopes[t]},tt.prototype.$ignore=function(t){this.$__.activePaths.ignore(t)},tt.prototype.directModifiedPaths=function(){return Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify)},tt.prototype.$isEmpty=function(t){var e={minimize:!0,virtuals:!1,getters:!1,transform:!1};if(arguments.length>0){var r=this.get(t);return null==r||"object"===s(r)&&(I.isPOJO(r)?ot(r):0===Object.keys(r.toObject(e)).length)}return 0===Object.keys(this.toObject(e)).length},tt.prototype.modifiedPaths=function(t){t=t||{};var e=Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify),r=this;return e.reduce((function(e,n){var i=n.split(".");if(e=e.concat(i.reduce((function(t,e,r){return t.concat(i.slice(0,r).concat(e).join("."))}),[]).filter((function(t){return-1===e.indexOf(t)}))),!t.includeChildren)return e;var a=r.get(n);if(null!=a&&"object"===s(a))if(a._doc&&(a=a._doc),Array.isArray(a)){for(var u=a.length,c=0;c<u;++c)if(-1===e.indexOf(n+"."+c)&&(e.push(n+"."+c),null!=a[c]&&a[c].$__)){var l,f=o(a[c].modifiedPaths());try{for(f.s();!(l=f.n()).done;){var p=l.value;e.push(n+"."+c+"."+p)}}catch(t){f.e(t)}finally{f.f()}}}else Object.keys(a).filter((function(t){return-1===e.indexOf(n+"."+t)})).forEach((function(t){e.push(n+"."+t)}));return e}),[])},tt.prototype[K]=tt.prototype.modifiedPaths,tt.prototype.isModified=function(t,e){if(t){Array.isArray(t)||(t=t.split(" "));var r=e||this[K](),n=Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify);return t.some((function(t){return!!~r.indexOf(t)}))||t.some((function(t){return n.some((function(e){return e===t||t.startsWith(e+".")}))}))}return this.$__.activePaths.some("modify")},tt.prototype[Y]=tt.prototype.isModified,tt.prototype.$isDefault=function(t){var e=this;if(null==t)return this.$__.activePaths.some("default");if("string"==typeof t&&-1===t.indexOf(" "))return this.$__.activePaths.states.default.hasOwnProperty(t);var r=t;return Array.isArray(r)||(r=r.split(" ")),r.some((function(t){return e.$__.activePaths.states.default.hasOwnProperty(t)}))},tt.prototype.$isDeleted=function(t){return 0===arguments.length?!!this.$__.isDeleted:(this.$__.isDeleted=!!t,this)},tt.prototype.isDirectModified=function(t){var e=this;if(null==t)return this.$__.activePaths.some("modify");if("string"==typeof t&&-1===t.indexOf(" "))return this.$__.activePaths.states.modify.hasOwnProperty(t);var r=t;return Array.isArray(r)||(r=r.split(" ")),r.some((function(t){return e.$__.activePaths.states.modify.hasOwnProperty(t)}))},tt.prototype.isInit=function(t){var e=this;if(null==t)return this.$__.activePaths.some("init");if("string"==typeof t&&-1===t.indexOf(" "))return this.$__.activePaths.states.init.hasOwnProperty(t);var r=t;return Array.isArray(r)||(r=r.split(" ")),r.some((function(t){return e.$__.activePaths.states.init.hasOwnProperty(t)}))},tt.prototype.isSelected=function(t){var e=this;if(null==this.$__.selected)return!0;if("_id"===t)return 0!==this.$__.selected._id;if(-1!==t.indexOf(" ")&&(t=t.split(" ")),Array.isArray(t))return t.some((function(t){return e.$__isSelected(t)}));var r=Object.keys(this.$__.selected),n=null;if(1===r.length&&"_id"===r[0])return 0===this.$__.selected._id;for(var o=0,i=r;o<i.length;o++){var s=i[o];if("_id"!==s&&k(this.$__.selected[s])){n=!!this.$__.selected[s];break}}if(null===n)return!0;if(t in this.$__.selected)return n;for(var a=t+".",u=0,c=r;u<c.length;u++){var l=c[u];if("_id"!==l){if(l.startsWith(a))return n||l!==a;if(a.startsWith(l+"."))return n}}return!n},tt.prototype.$__isSelected=tt.prototype.isSelected,tt.prototype.isDirectSelected=function(t){var e=this;if(null==this.$__.selected)return!0;if("_id"===t)return 0!==this.$__.selected._id;if(-1!==t.indexOf(" ")&&(t=t.split(" ")),Array.isArray(t))return t.some((function(t){return e.isDirectSelected(t)}));var r=Object.keys(this.$__.selected),n=null;if(1===r.length&&"_id"===r[0])return 0===this.$__.selected._id;for(var o=0,i=r;o<i.length;o++){var s=i[o];if("_id"!==s&&k(this.$__.selected[s])){n=!!this.$__.selected[s];break}}return null===n||(this.$__.selected.hasOwnProperty(t)?n:!n)},tt.prototype.validate=function(t,e,r){var n,o=this;return this.$op="validate",null!=this.ownerDocument||(this.$__.validating?n=new _(this,{parentStack:e&&e.parentStack,conflictStack:this.$__.validating.stack}):this.$__.validating=new _(this,{parentStack:e&&e.parentStack})),1===arguments.length?"object"!==s(arguments[0])||Array.isArray(arguments[0])?"function"==typeof arguments[0]&&(r=arguments[0],e=null,t=null):(e=arguments[0],r=null,t=null):"function"==typeof t?(r=t,e=null,t=null):"function"==typeof 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+/*!
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+/*!
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n=r(52);
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */t.exports=function(t){var e=null!=this?this.path:null;return n(t,e)}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";var n=r(13);
+/*!
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+ * cannot be casted. `null` and `undefined` are considered valid.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {String} [path] optional the path to set on the CastError
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+/*!
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+/*!
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+ */
+function(t){for(var e=[],r=0,n=Object.keys(t.paths);r<n.length;r++){var o=n[r],i=t.paths[o];(i.$isMongooseDocumentArray||i.$isSingleNested)&&e.push({schema:i.schema,model:i.caster})}return e}
+/*!
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+ */(e),e.virtuals=$.clone(this.virtuals),e.$globalPluginsApplied=this.$globalPluginsApplied,e.$isRootDiscriminator=this.$isRootDiscriminator,e.$implicitlyCreated=this.$implicitlyCreated,e.mapPaths=[].concat(this.mapPaths),null!=this.discriminatorMapping&&(e.discriminatorMapping=Object.assign({},this.discriminatorMapping)),null!=this.discriminators&&(e.discriminators=Object.assign({},this.discriminators)),e.aliases=Object.assign({},this.aliases),e.on("init",(function(e){return t.emit("init",e)})),e},N.prototype.pick=function(t,e){var r=new N({},e||this.options);if(!Array.isArray(t))throw new f('Schema#pick() only accepts an array argument, got "'+i(t)+'"');var n,a=s(t);try{for(a.s();!(n=a.n()).done;){var u=n.value;if(this.nested[u])r.add(o({},u,m(this.tree,u)));else{var c=this.path(u);if(null==c)throw new f("Path `"+u+"` is not in the schema");r.add(o({},u,c))}}}catch(t){a.e(t)}finally{a.f()}return r},N.prototype.defaultOptions=function(t){t&&!1===t.safe&&(t.safe={w:0}),t&&t.safe&&0===t.safe.w&&(t.versionKey=!1),this._userProvidedOptions=null==t?{}:$.clone(t);var e=m(this,"base.options",{});if((t=$.options({strict:!("strict"in e)||e.strict,strictQuery:"strictQuery"in e&&e.strictQuery,bufferCommands:!0,capped:!1,versionKey:"__v",optimisticConcurrency:!1,discriminatorKey:"__t",minimize:!0,autoIndex:null,shardKey:null,read:null,validateBeforeSave:!0,noId:!1,_id:!0,noVirtualId:!1,id:!0,typeKey:"type",typePojoToMixed:!("typePojoToMixed"in e)||e.typePojoToMixed},$.clone(t))).read&&(t.read=O(t.read)),t.optimisticConcurrency&&!t.versionKey)throw new f("Must set `versionKey` if using `optimisticConcurrency`");return t},N.prototype.add=function(t,e){if(t instanceof N||null!=t&&t.instanceOfSchema)return b(this,t),this;if(!1===t._id&&null==e&&(this.options._id=!1),"__proto__."===(e=e||"")||"constructor."===e||"prototype."===e)return this;for(var r=0,n=Object.keys(t);r<n.length;r++){var i=n[r],a=e+i;if(null==t[i])throw new TypeError("Invalid value for schema path `"+a+'`, got value "'+t[i]+'"');if("_id"!==i||!1!==t[i])if(t[i]instanceof d||"VirtualType"===m(t[i],"constructor.name",null))this.virtual(t[i]);else{if(Array.isArray(t[i])&&1===t[i].length&&null==t[i][0])throw new TypeError("Invalid value for schema Array path `"+a+'`, got value "'+t[i][0]+'"');if($.isPOJO(t[i])||t[i]instanceof h)if(Object.keys(t[i]).length<1)e&&(this.nested[e.substr(0,e.length-1)]=!0),this.path(a,t[i]);else if(!t[i][this.options.typeKey]||"type"===this.options.typeKey&&t[i].type.type)this.nested[a]=!0,this.add(t[i],a+".");else if(!this.options.typePojoToMixed&&$.isPOJO(t[i][this.options.typeKey])){e&&(this.nested[e.substr(0,e.length-1)]=!0);var u=new N(t[i][this.options.typeKey],{typePojoToMixed:!1}),c=Object.assign({},t[i],o({},this.options.typeKey,u));this.path(e+i,c)}else e&&(this.nested[e.substr(0,e.length-1)]=!0),this.path(e+i,t[i]);else e&&(this.nested[e.substr(0,e.length-1)]=!0),this.path(e+i,t[i])}}return function(t,e){var r,n=s(e=e||Object.keys(t.paths));try{for(n.s();!(r=n.n()).done;){var o=r.value,i=m(t.paths[o],"options");if(null!=i){var a=t.paths[o].path,u=i.alias;if(u){if("string"!=typeof u)throw new Error("Invalid value for alias option on "+a+", got "+u);t.aliases[u]=a,t.virtual(u).get(function(t){return function(){return"function"==typeof this.get?this.get(t):this[t]}}(a)).set(function(t){return function(e){return this.$set(t,e)}}(a))}}}}catch(t){n.e(t)}finally{n.f()}}(this,Object.keys(t).map((function(t){return e?e+t:t}))),this},N.reserved=Object.create(null),N.prototype.reserved=N.reserved;var k=N.reserved;
+/*!
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+/*!
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+/*!
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+/*!
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+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+var D=A.deprecate((function(t,e){t.safe=!1===e?{w:0}:e}),"Mongoose: The `safe` option for schemas is deprecated. Use the `writeConcern` option instead: http://bit.ly/mongoose-write-concern");N.prototype.get=function(t){return this.options[t]};var M="2d 2dsphere hashed text".split(" ");
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+function I(t,e){var r,n=e.split("."),o=n.pop(),i=t.tree,a=s(n);try{for(a.s();!(r=a.n()).done;){i=i[r.value]}}catch(t){a.e(t)}finally{a.f()}delete i[o]}
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+function F(t){return t.startsWith("$[")&&t.endsWith("]")}
+/*!
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+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+l.prototype.invalidate=function(t,e,r){if(e!==this.ownerDocument().$__.validationError&&i.prototype.invalidate.call(this,t,e,r),this.$__parent&&this.$basePath)this.$__parent.invalidate([this.$basePath,t].join("."),e,r);else if("cast"===e.kind||"CastError"===e.name)throw e;return this.ownerDocument().$__.validationError},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+l.prototype.$ignore=function(t){i.prototype.$ignore.call(this,t),this.$__parent&&this.$basePath&&this.$__parent.$ignore([this.$basePath,t].join("."))},l.prototype.ownerDocument=function(){if(this.$__.ownerDocument)return this.$__.ownerDocument;var t=this.$__parent;if(!t)return this;for(;t.$__parent||t[c];)t=t.$__parent||t[c];return this.$__.ownerDocument=t,this.$__.ownerDocument},l.prototype.parent=function(){return this.$__parent},l.prototype.$parent=l.prototype.parent,
+/*!
+ * no-op for hooks
+ */
+l.prototype.$__remove=function(t){return t(null,this)},l.prototype.remove=function(t,e){"function"==typeof t&&(e=t,t=null),
+/*!
+ * Registers remove event listeners for triggering
+ * on subdocuments.
+ *
+ * @param {Subdocument} sub
+ * @api private
+ */
+function(t){var e=t.ownerDocument();function r(){e.removeListener("save",r),e.removeListener("remove",r),t.emit("remove",t),t.constructor.emit("remove",t),e=t=null}e.on("save",r),e.on("remove",r)}(this),t&&t.noop||this.$__parent.set(this.$basePath,null),"function"==typeof e&&e(null)},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+l.prototype.populate=function(){throw new Error('Mongoose does not support calling populate() on nested docs. Instead of `doc.nested.populate("path")`, use `doc.populate("nested.path")`')}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";function n(t,e){var r="undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&t[Symbol.iterator]||t["@@iterator"];if(!r){if(Array.isArray(t)||(r=function(t,e){if(!t)return;if("string"==typeof t)return o(t,e);var r=Object.prototype.toString.call(t).slice(8,-1);"Object"===r&&t.constructor&&(r=t.constructor.name);if("Map"===r||"Set"===r)return Array.from(t);if("Arguments"===r||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(r))return o(t,e)}(t))||e&&t&&"number"==typeof t.length){r&&(t=r);var n=0,i=function(){};return{s:i,n:function(){return n>=t.length?{done:!0}:{done:!1,value:t[n++]}},e:function(t){throw t},f:i}}throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}var s,a=!0,u=!1;return{s:function(){r=r.call(t)},n:function(){var t=r.next();return a=t.done,t},e:function(t){u=!0,s=t},f:function(){try{a||null==r.return||r.return()}finally{if(u)throw s}}}}function o(t,e){(null==e||e>t.length)&&(e=t.length);for(var r=0,n=new Array(e);r<e;r++)n[r]=t[r];return n}var i=r(26),s=r(7),a=r(57).defineKey,u=r(3),c=r(1),l={toJSON:!0,toObject:!0,_id:!0,id:!0};
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+t.exports=function(t,e,r,o,f){if(!r||!r.instanceOfSchema)throw new Error("You must pass a valid discriminator Schema");if(t.schema.discriminatorMapping&&!t.schema.discriminatorMapping.isRoot)throw new Error('Discriminator "'+e+'" can only be a discriminator of the root model');if(f){var p=u(t.base,"options.applyPluginsToDiscriminators",!1);t.base._applyPlugins(r,{skipTopLevel:!p})}var h=t.schema.options.discriminatorKey,y=t.schema.path(h);if(null!=y)c.hasUserDefinedProperty(y.options,"select")||(y.options.select=!0),y.options.$skipDiscriminatorCheck=!0;else{var d={};d[h]={default:void 0,select:!0,$skipDiscriminatorCheck:!0},d[h][t.schema.options.typeKey]=String,t.schema.add(d),a(h,null,t.prototype,null,[h],t.schema.options)}if(r.path(h)&&!0!==r.path(h).options.$skipDiscriminatorCheck)throw new Error('Discriminator "'+e+'" cannot have field with name "'+h+'"');var _=e;if(("string"==typeof o&&o.length||"number"==typeof o||o instanceof s)&&(_=o),function(e,r){e._baseSchema=r,r.paths._id&&r.paths._id.options&&!r.paths._id.options.auto&&e.remove("_id");for(var o=[],s=0,a=Object.keys(r.paths);s<a.length;s++){var u=a[s];if(e.nested[u])o.push(u);else if(-1!==u.indexOf(".")){var f,p="",d=n(u.split(".").slice(0,-1));try{for(d.s();!(f=d.n()).done;){var v=f.value;p+=(p.length?".":"")+v,(e.paths[p]instanceof i||e.singleNestedPaths[p]instanceof i)&&o.push(u)}}catch(t){d.e(t)}finally{d.f()}}}c.merge(e,r,{isDiscriminatorSchemaMerge:!0,omit:{discriminators:!0,base:!0},omitNested:o.reduce((function(t,e){return t["tree."+e]=!0,t}),{})});for(var m=0,g=o;m<g.length;m++){var b=g[m];delete e.paths[b]}e.childSchemas.forEach((function(t){t.model.prototype.$__setSchema(t.schema)}));var w={};w[h]={default:_,select:!0,set:function(t){if(t===_)return _;throw new Error("Can't set discriminator key \""+h+'"')},$skipDiscriminatorCheck:!0},w[h][e.options.typeKey]=y?y.instance:String,e.add(w),e.discriminatorMapping={key:h,value:_,isRoot:!1},r.options.collection&&(e.options.collection=r.options.collection);var O=e.options.toJSON,S=e.options.toObject,A=e.options._id,$=e.options.id,E=Object.keys(e.options);e.options.discriminatorKey=r.options.discriminatorKey;for(var j=0,P=E;j<P.length;j++){var x=P[j];if(!l[x]){if("pluralization"===x&&1==e.options[x]&&null==r.options[x])continue;if(!c.deepEqual(e.options[x],r.options[x]))throw new Error("Can't customize discriminator option "+x+" (can only modify "+Object.keys(l).join(", ")+")")}}e.options=c.clone(r.options),O&&(e.options.toJSON=O),S&&(e.options.toObject=S),void 0!==A&&(e.options._id=A),e.options.id=$,e.s.hooks=t.schema.s.hooks.merge(e.s.hooks),e.plugins=Array.prototype.slice.call(r.plugins),e.callQueue=r.callQueue.concat(e.callQueue),delete e._requiredpaths}(r,t.schema),t.discriminators||(t.discriminators={}),t.schema.discriminatorMapping||(t.schema.discriminatorMapping={key:h,value:null,isRoot:!0}),t.schema.discriminators||(t.schema.discriminators={}),t.schema.discriminators[e]=r,t.discriminators[e])throw new Error('Discriminator with name "'+e+'" already exists');return r}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";var n=r(75);t.exports=function(t,e){return null==e||null==e._id||(t=t.clone(),e._id?t.paths._id||(n(t),t.options._id=!0):(t.remove("_id"),t.options._id=!1)),t}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";var n=r(36);
+/*!
+ * Find the correct constructor, taking into account discriminators
+ */t.exports=function(t,e){var r=t.schema.options.discriminatorKey;if(null!=e&&t.discriminators&&null!=e[r])if(t.discriminators[e[r]])t=t.discriminators[e[r]];else{var o=n(t.discriminators,e[r]);o&&(t=o)}return t}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";t.exports=r(96)},function(t,e,r){"use strict";(function(n){function o(t){return(o="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}function i(t,e){return(i=Object.setPrototypeOf||function(t,e){return t.__proto__=e,t})(t,e)}function s(t){var e=function(){if("undefined"==typeof Reflect||!Reflect.construct)return!1;if(Reflect.construct.sham)return!1;if("function"==typeof Proxy)return!0;try{return Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean,[],(function(){}))),!0}catch(t){return!1}}();return function(){var r,n=u(t);if(e){var o=u(this).constructor;r=Reflect.construct(n,arguments,o)}else r=n.apply(this,arguments);return a(this,r)}}function a(t,e){return!e||"object"!==o(e)&&"function"!=typeof e?function(t){if(void 0===t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return t}(t):e}function u(t){return(u=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.getPrototypeOf:function(t){return t.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(t)})(t)}r(15).set(r(100));var c=r(61),l=r(67);c.setBrowser(!0),Object.defineProperty(e,"Promise",{get:function(){return l.get()},set:function(t){l.set(t)}}),e.PromiseProvider=l,e.Error=r(5),e.Schema=r(53),e.Types=r(37),e.VirtualType=r(54),e.SchemaType=r(6),e.utils=r(1),e.Document=c(),e.model=function(t,r){var n=function(t){!function(t,e){if("function"!=typeof e&&null!==e)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function");t.prototype=Object.create(e&&e.prototype,{constructor:{value:t,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),e&&i(t,e)}(n,t);var e=s(n);function n(t,o){return function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,n),e.call(this,t,r,o)}return n}(e.Document);return n.modelName=t,n},
+/*!
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null!=r.scope&&Object.keys(r.scope).length>0?(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+4+4+e.byteLength(r.code.toString(),"utf8")+1+v(r.scope,m,w):(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+4+e.byteLength(r.code.toString(),"utf8")+1;if(r instanceof d||"Binary"===r._bsontype)return r.sub_type===d.SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY?(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+(r.position+1+4+1+4):(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+(r.position+1+4+1);if(r instanceof u||"Symbol"===r._bsontype)return(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+e.byteLength(r.value,"utf8")+4+1+1;if(r instanceof y||"DBRef"===r._bsontype){var O={$ref:r.namespace,$id:r.oid};return null!=r.db&&(O.$db=r.db),(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+v(O,m,w)}return r instanceof RegExp||"[object RegExp]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(r)?(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+e.byteLength(r.source,"utf8")+1+(r.global?1:0)+(r.ignoreCase?1:0)+(r.multiline?1:0)+1:r instanceof c||"BSONRegExp"===r._bsontype?(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+e.byteLength(r.pattern,"utf8")+1+e.byteLength(r.options,"utf8")+1:(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+v(r,m,w)+1;case"function":if(r instanceof RegExp||"[object RegExp]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(r)||"[object RegExp]"===String.call(r))return(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+e.byteLength(r.source,"utf8")+1+(r.global?1:0)+(r.ignoreCase?1:0)+(r.multiline?1:0)+1;if(m&&null!=r.scope&&Object.keys(r.scope).length>0)return(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+4+4+e.byteLength(_(r),"utf8")+1+v(r.scope,m,w);if(m)return(null!=t?e.byteLength(t,"utf8")+1:0)+1+4+e.byteLength(_(r),"utf8")+1}var S;return 0}var g={BSON_INT32_MAX:2147483647,BSON_INT32_MIN:-2147483648,JS_INT_MAX:9007199254740992,JS_INT_MIN:-9007199254740992};t.exports=v}).call(this,r(2).Buffer)},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */t.exports=r(38).Decimal128},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) ObjectId
+ * @constructor NodeMongoDbObjectId
+ * @see ObjectId
+ */var n=r(38).ObjectID;
+/*!
+ * Getter for convenience with populate, see gh-6115
+ */Object.defineProperty(n.prototype,"_id",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,get:function(){return this}}),
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+t.exports=n},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */t.exports=function(){}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * Dependencies
+ */var n=r(112).ctor("require","modify","init","default","ignore");t.exports=function(){this.strictMode=void 0,this.selected=void 0,this.shardval=void 0,this.saveError=void 0,this.validationError=void 0,this.adhocPaths=void 0,this.removing=void 0,this.inserting=void 0,this.saving=void 0,this.version=void 0,this.getters={},this._id=void 0,this.populate=void 0,this.populated=void 0,this.wasPopulated=!1,this.scope=void 0,this.activePaths=new n,this.pathsToScopes={},this.cachedRequired={},this.session=null,this.$setCalled=new Set,this.ownerDocument=void 0,this.fullPath=void 0}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */var n=r(1),o=t.exports=function(){};
+/*!
+ * StateMachine represents a minimal `interface` for the
+ * constructors it builds via StateMachine.ctor(...).
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+/*!
+ * StateMachine.ctor('state1', 'state2', ...)
+ * A factory method for subclassing StateMachine.
+ * The arguments are a list of states. For each state,
+ * the constructor's prototype gets state transition
+ * methods named after each state. These transition methods
+ * place their path argument into the given state.
+ *
+ * @param {String} state
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @return {Function} subclass constructor
+ * @private
+ */
+o.ctor=function(){var t=n.args(arguments),e=function(){o.apply(this,arguments),this.paths={},this.states={},this.stateNames=t;for(var e,r=t.length;r--;)e=t[r],this.states[e]={}};return e.prototype=new o,t.forEach((function(t){e.prototype[t]=function(e){this._changeState(e,t)}})),e},
+/*!
+ * This function is wrapped by the state change functions:
+ *
+ * - `require(path)`
+ * - `modify(path)`
+ * - `init(path)`
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+o.prototype._changeState=function(t,e){var r=this.states[this.paths[t]];r&&delete r[t],this.paths[t]=e,this.states[e][t]=!0},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+o.prototype.clear=function(t){for(var e,r=Object.keys(this.states[t]),n=r.length;n--;)e=r[n],delete this.states[t][e],delete this.paths[e]},
+/*!
+ * Checks to see if at least one path is in the states passed in via `arguments`
+ * e.g., this.some('required', 'inited')
+ *
+ * @param {String} state that we want to check for.
+ * @private
+ */
+o.prototype.some=function(){var t=this,e=arguments.length?arguments:this.stateNames;return Array.prototype.some.call(e,(function(e){return Object.keys(t.states[e]).length}))},
+/*!
+ * This function builds the functions that get assigned to `forEach` and `map`,
+ * since both of those methods share a lot of the same logic.
+ *
+ * @param {String} iterMethod is either 'forEach' or 'map'
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+o.prototype._iter=function(t){return function(){var e=arguments.length,r=n.args(arguments,0,e-1),o=arguments[e-1];r.length||(r=this.stateNames);var i=this,s=r.reduce((function(t,e){return t.concat(Object.keys(i.states[e]))}),[]);return s[t]((function(t,e,r){return o(t,e,r)}))}},
+/*!
+ * Iterates over the paths that belong to one of the parameter states.
+ *
+ * The function profile can look like:
+ * this.forEach(state1, fn);         // iterates over all paths in state1
+ * this.forEach(state1, state2, fn); // iterates over all paths in state1 or state2
+ * this.forEach(fn);                 // iterates over all paths in all states
+ *
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+o.prototype.forEach=function(){return this.forEach=this._iter("forEach"),this.forEach.apply(this,arguments)},
+/*!
+ * Maps over the paths that belong to one of the parameter states.
+ *
+ * The function profile can look like:
+ * this.forEach(state1, fn);         // iterates over all paths in state1
+ * this.forEach(state1, state2, fn); // iterates over all paths in state1 or state2
+ * this.forEach(fn);                 // iterates over all paths in all states
+ *
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+o.prototype.map=function(){return this.map=this._iter("map"),this.map.apply(this,arguments)}},function(t,e){function r(t){return(r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}var n=1e3,o=6e4,i=60*o,s=24*i;function a(t,e,r,n){var o=e>=1.5*r;return Math.round(t/r)+" "+n+(o?"s":"")}t.exports=function(t,e){e=e||{};var u=r(t);if("string"===u&&t.length>0)return function(t){if((t=String(t)).length>100)return;var e=/^(-?(?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(t);if(!e)return;var r=parseFloat(e[1]);switch((e[2]||"ms").toLowerCase()){case"years":case"year":case"yrs":case"yr":case"y":return 315576e5*r;case"weeks":case"week":case"w":return 6048e5*r;case"days":case"day":case"d":return r*s;case"hours":case"hour":case"hrs":case"hr":case"h":return r*i;case"minutes":case"minute":case"mins":case"min":case"m":return r*o;case"seconds":case"second":case"secs":case"sec":case"s":return r*n;case"milliseconds":case"millisecond":case"msecs":case"msec":case"ms":return r;default:return}}(t);if("number"===u&&isFinite(t))return e.long?function(t){var e=Math.abs(t);if(e>=s)return a(t,e,s,"day");if(e>=i)return a(t,e,i,"hour");if(e>=o)return a(t,e,o,"minute");if(e>=n)return a(t,e,n,"second");return t+" ms"}(t):function(t){var e=Math.abs(t);if(e>=s)return Math.round(t/s)+"d";if(e>=i)return Math.round(t/i)+"h";if(e>=o)return Math.round(t/o)+"m";if(e>=n)return Math.round(t/n)+"s";return t+"ms"}(t);throw new Error("val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val="+JSON.stringify(t))}},function(t,e,r){function n(t){return(n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}var o=r(115),i=["__proto__","constructor","prototype"];
+/*!
+ * Returns the value passed to it.
+ */
+function s(t){return t}e.get=function(t,r,n,i){var a;"function"==typeof n&&(n.length<2?(i=n,n=void 0):(a=n,n=void 0)),i||(i=s);var u="string"==typeof t?o(t):t;if(!Array.isArray(u))throw new TypeError("Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array");for(var c,l=r,f=0;f<u.length;++f){if(c=u[f],Array.isArray(l)&&!/^\d+$/.test(c)){var p=u.slice(f);return[].concat(l).map((function(t){return t?e.get(p,t,n||a,i):i(void 0)}))}if(a)l=a(l,c);else{var h=n&&l[n]?l[n]:l;l=h instanceof Map?h.get(c):h[c]}if(!l)return i(l)}return i(l)},e.has=function(t,e){var r="string"==typeof t?o(t):t;if(!Array.isArray(r))throw new TypeError("Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array");for(var i=r.length,s=e,a=0;a<i;++a){if(null==s||"object"!==n(s)||!(r[a]in s))return!1;s=s[r[a]]}return!0},e.unset=function(t,e){var r="string"==typeof t?o(t):t;if(!Array.isArray(r))throw new TypeError("Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array");for(var s=r.length,a=e,u=0;u<s;++u){if(null==a||"object"!==n(a)||!(r[u]in a))return!1;if(-1!==i.indexOf(r[u]))return!1;if(u===s-1)return delete a[r[u]],!0;a=a instanceof Map?a.get(r[u]):a[r[u]]}return!0},e.set=function(t,r,n,a,u,c){var l;"function"==typeof a&&(a.length<2?(u=a,a=void 0):(l=a,a=void 0)),u||(u=s);var f="string"==typeof t?o(t):t;if(!Array.isArray(f))throw new TypeError("Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array");if(null!=n){for(var p=0;p<f.length;++p)if(-1!==i.indexOf(f[p]))return;for(var h,y=c||/\$/.test(t)&&!1!==c,d=n,_=(p=0,f.length-1);p<_;++p)if("$"!=(h=f[p])){if(Array.isArray(d)&&!/^\d+$/.test(h)){var v=f.slice(p);if(!y&&Array.isArray(r))for(var m=0;m<d.length&&m<r.length;++m)e.set(v,r[m],d[m],a||l,u,y);else for(m=0;m<d.length;++m)e.set(v,r,d[m],a||l,u,y);return}if(l)d=l(d,h);else{var g=a&&d[a]?d[a]:d;d=g instanceof Map?g.get(h):g[h]}if(!d)return}else if(p==_-1)break;if(h=f[_],a&&d[a]&&(d=d[a]),Array.isArray(d)&&!/^\d+$/.test(h))if(!y&&Array.isArray(r))!
+/*!
+ * Recursively set nested arrays
+ */
+function t(e,r,n,o,i,s){for(var a,u=0;u<e.length&&u<r.length;++u)a=e[u],Array.isArray(a)&&Array.isArray(r[u])?t(a,r[u],n,o,i,s):a&&(o?o(a,n,s(r[u])):(a[i]&&(a=a[i]),a[n]=s(r[u])))}(d,r,h,l,a,u);else for(m=0;m<d.length;++m){var b=d[m];b&&(l?l(b,h,u(r)):(b[a]&&(b=b[a]),b[h]=u(r)))}else l?l(d,h,u(r)):d instanceof Map?d.set(h,u(r)):d[h]=u(r)}}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";t.exports=function(t){for(var e=[],r="",n="DEFAULT",o=0;o<t.length;++o)"IN_SQUARE_BRACKETS"!==n||/\d/.test(t[o])||"]"===t[o]||(n="DEFAULT",r=e[e.length-1]+"["+r,e.splice(e.length-1,1)),"["===t[o]?("IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS"!==n&&(e.push(r),r=""),n="IN_SQUARE_BRACKETS"):"]"===t[o]?"IN_SQUARE_BRACKETS"===n?(n="IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS",e.push(r),r=""):(n="DEFAULT",r+=t[o]):"."===t[o]?("IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS"!==n&&(e.push(r),r=""),n="DEFAULT"):r+=t[o];return"IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS"!==n&&e.push(r),e}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";function n(t){return(n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}var o=r(29);t.exports=function t(e){if(function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this._docs={},this._childDocs=[],null!=e&&(e=o(e),Object.assign(this,e),"object"===n(e.subPopulate)&&(this.populate=e.subPopulate),null!=e.perDocumentLimit&&null!=e.limit))throw new Error("Can not use `limit` and `perDocumentLimit` at the same time. Path: `"+e.path+"`.")}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*
+object-assign
+(c) Sindre Sorhus
+@license MIT
+*/var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols,o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,i=Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable;function s(t){if(null==t)throw new TypeError("Object.assign cannot be called with null or undefined");return Object(t)}t.exports=function(){try{if(!Object.assign)return!1;var t=new String("abc");if(t[5]="de","5"===Object.getOwnPropertyNames(t)[0])return!1;for(var e={},r=0;r<10;r++)e["_"+String.fromCharCode(r)]=r;if("0123456789"!==Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e).map((function(t){return e[t]})).join(""))return!1;var n={};return"abcdefghijklmnopqrst".split("").forEach((function(t){n[t]=t})),"abcdefghijklmnopqrst"===Object.keys(Object.assign({},n)).join("")}catch(t){return!1}}()?Object.assign:function(t,e){for(var r,a,u=s(t),c=1;c<arguments.length;c++){for(var l in r=Object(arguments[c]))o.call(r,l)&&(u[l]=r[l]);if(n){a=n(r);for(var f=0;f<a.length;f++)i.call(r,a[f])&&(u[a[f]]=r[a[f]])}}return u}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";function n(t){return(n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}var o=r(62),i=r(23),s=r(4),a=r(68),u=r(121)("mquery");function c(t,e){if(!(this instanceof c))return new c(t,e);var r=this.constructor.prototype;this.op=r.op||void 0,this.options=Object.assign({},r.options),this._conditions=r._conditions?a.clone(r._conditions):{},this._fields=r._fields?a.clone(r._fields):void 0,this._update=r._update?a.clone(r._update):void 0,this._path=r._path||void 0,this._distinct=r._distinct||void 0,this._collection=r._collection||void 0,this._traceFunction=r._traceFunction||void 0,e&&this.setOptions(e),t&&(t.find&&t.remove&&t.update?this.collection(t):this.find(t))}var l="$geoWithin";Object.defineProperty(c,"use$geoWithin",{get:function(){return"$geoWithin"==l},set:function(t){l=!0===t?"$geoWithin":"$within"}}),c.prototype.toConstructor=function(){function t(e,r){if(!(this instanceof t))return new t(e,r);c.call(this,e,r)}a.inherits(t,c);var e=t.prototype;return e.options={},e.setOptions(this.options),e.op=this.op,e._conditions=a.clone(this._conditions),e._fields=a.clone(this._fields),e._update=a.clone(this._update),e._path=this._path,e._distinct=this._distinct,e._collection=this._collection,e._traceFunction=this._traceFunction,t},c.prototype.setOptions=function(t){if(!t||!a.isObject(t))return this;for(var e,r=a.keys(t),n=0;n<r.length;++n)if("function"==typeof this[e=r[n]]){var o=a.isArray(t[e])?t[e]:[t[e]];this[e].apply(this,o)}else this.options[e]=t[e];return this},c.prototype.collection=function(t){return this._collection=new c.Collection(t),this},c.prototype.collation=function(t){return this.options.collation=t,this},c.prototype.$where=function(t){return this._conditions.$where=t,this},c.prototype.where=function(){if(!arguments.length)return this;this.op||(this.op="find");var t=n(arguments[0]);if("string"==t)return this._path=arguments[0],2===arguments.length&&(this._conditions[this._path]=arguments[1]),this;if("object"==t&&!Array.isArray(arguments[0]))return this.merge(arguments[0]);throw new TypeError("path must be a string or object")},c.prototype.equals=function(t){this._ensurePath("equals");var e=this._path;return this._conditions[e]=t,this},c.prototype.eq=function(t){this._ensurePath("eq");var e=this._path;return this._conditions[e]=t,this},c.prototype.or=function(t){var e=this._conditions.$or||(this._conditions.$or=[]);return a.isArray(t)||(t=[t]),e.push.apply(e,t),this},c.prototype.nor=function(t){var e=this._conditions.$nor||(this._conditions.$nor=[]);return a.isArray(t)||(t=[t]),e.push.apply(e,t),this},c.prototype.and=function(t){var e=this._conditions.$and||(this._conditions.$and=[]);return Array.isArray(t)||(t=[t]),e.push.apply(e,t),this},
+/*!
+ * gt, gte, lt, lte, ne, in, nin, all, regex, size, maxDistance
+ *
+ *     Thing.where('type').nin(array)
+ */
+"gt gte lt lte ne in nin all regex size maxDistance minDistance".split(" ").forEach((function(t){c.prototype[t]=function(){var e,r;1===arguments.length?(this._ensurePath(t),r=arguments[0],e=this._path):(r=arguments[1],e=arguments[0]);var o=null===this._conditions[e]||"object"===n(this._conditions[e])?this._conditions[e]:this._conditions[e]={};return o["$"+t]=r,this}})),c.prototype.mod=function(){var t,e;1===arguments.length?(this._ensurePath("mod"),t=arguments[0],e=this._path):2!==arguments.length||a.isArray(arguments[1])?3===arguments.length?(t=o(arguments,1),e=arguments[0]):(t=arguments[1],e=arguments[0]):(this._ensurePath("mod"),t=o(arguments),e=this._path);var r=this._conditions[e]||(this._conditions[e]={});return r.$mod=t,this},c.prototype.exists=function(){var t,e;0===arguments.length?(this._ensurePath("exists"),t=this._path,e=!0):1===arguments.length?"boolean"==typeof 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this.box.apply(this,arguments);if(2<arguments.length)return this.polygon.apply(this,arguments);var t=arguments[0];if(!t)throw new TypeError("Invalid argument");if(t.center)return this.circle(t);if(t.box)return this.box.apply(this,t.box);if(t.polygon)return this.polygon.apply(this,t.polygon);if(t.type&&t.coordinates)return this.geometry(t);throw new TypeError("Invalid argument")},c.prototype.box=function(){var t,e;if(3===arguments.length)t=arguments[0],e=[arguments[1],arguments[2]];else{if(2!==arguments.length)throw new TypeError("Invalid argument");this._ensurePath("box"),t=this._path,e=[arguments[0],arguments[1]]}var r=this._conditions[t]||(this._conditions[t]={});return r[this._geoComparison||l]={$box:e},this},c.prototype.polygon=function(){var t,e;"string"==typeof arguments[0]?(e=arguments[0],t=o(arguments,1)):(this._ensurePath("polygon"),e=this._path,t=o(arguments));var r=this._conditions[e]||(this._conditions[e]={});return r[this._geoComparison||l]={$polygon:t},this},c.prototype.circle=function(){var t,e;if(1===arguments.length)this._ensurePath("circle"),t=this._path,e=arguments[0];else{if(2!==arguments.length)throw new TypeError("Invalid argument");t=arguments[0],e=arguments[1]}if(!("radius"in e)||!e.center)throw new Error("center and radius are required");var r=this._conditions[t]||(this._conditions[t]={}),n=e.spherical?"$centerSphere":"$center",o=this._geoComparison||l;return r[o]={},r[o][n]=[e.center,e.radius],"unique"in e&&(r[o].$uniqueDocs=!!e.unique),this},c.prototype.near=function(){var t,e;if(this._geoComparison="$near",0===arguments.length)return this;if(1===arguments.length)this._ensurePath("near"),t=this._path,e=arguments[0];else{if(2!==arguments.length)throw new TypeError("Invalid argument");t=arguments[0],e=arguments[1]}if(!e.center)throw new Error("center is required");var 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Must be a string, object, or array.")};
+/*!
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var f={1:1,"-1":-1,asc:1,ascending:1,desc:-1,descending:-1};function p(t,e,r){if(Array.isArray(t.sort))throw new TypeError("Can't mix sort syntaxes. Use either array or object:\n- `.sort([['field', 1], ['test', -1]])`\n- `.sort({ field: 1, test: -1 })`");var n;if(r&&r.$meta)(n=t.sort||(t.sort={}))[e]={$meta:r.$meta};else{n=t.sort||(t.sort={});var o=String(r||1).toLowerCase();if(!(o=f[o]))throw new TypeError("Invalid sort value: { "+e+": "+r+" }");n[e]=o}}function h(t,e,r){if(t.sort=t.sort||[],!Array.isArray(t.sort))throw new TypeError("Can't mix sort syntaxes. Use either array or object:\n- `.sort([['field', 1], ['test', -1]])`\n- `.sort({ field: 1, test: -1 })`");var n=String(r||1).toLowerCase();if(!(n=f[n]))throw new TypeError("Invalid sort value: [ "+e+", "+r+" ]");t.sort.push([e,n])}function y(t,e){if(t.sort=t.sort||new Map,!(t.sort instanceof Map))throw new TypeError("Can't mix sort syntaxes. Use either array or object or map consistently");e.forEach((function(e,r){var n=String(e||1).toLowerCase();if(!(n=f[n]))throw new TypeError("Invalid sort value: < "+r+": "+e+" >");t.sort.set(r,n)}))}
+/*!
+ * limit, skip, maxScan, batchSize, comment
+ *
+ * Sets these associated options.
+ *
+ *     query.comment('feed query');
+ */
+/*!
+ * Internal helper for update, updateMany, updateOne
+ */
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this._compiledUpdate=n,n},c.prototype._ensurePath=function(t){if(!this._path)throw new Error(t+"() must be used after where() when called with these arguments")},
+/*!
+ * Permissions
+ */
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+/*!
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+ */
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+/* @preserve
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Petka Antonov
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ * 
+ */u=function(){var t,e,i;return function t(e,r,n){function o(s,a){if(!r[s]){if(!e[s]){var u="function"==typeof _dereq_&&_dereq_;if(!a&&u)return u(s,!0);if(i)return i(s,!0);var c=new Error("Cannot find module '"+s+"'");throw c.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",c}var l=r[s]={exports:{}};e[s][0].call(l.exports,(function(t){var r=e[s][1][t];return o(r||t)}),l,l.exports,t,e,r,n)}return r[s].exports}for(var i="function"==typeof _dereq_&&_dereq_,s=0;s<n.length;s++)o(n[s]);return o}({1:[function(t,e,r){"use strict";e.exports=function(t){var e=t._SomePromiseArray;function r(t){var r=new e(t),n=r.promise();return r.setHowMany(1),r.setUnwrap(),r.init(),n}t.any=function(t){return r(t)},t.prototype.any=function(){return r(this)}}},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o;try{throw new Error}catch(t){o=t}var i=t("./schedule"),s=t("./queue"),a=t("./util");function u(){this._customScheduler=!1,this._isTickUsed=!1,this._lateQueue=new s(16),this._normalQueue=new 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+/*!
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+/*!
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+   *
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+/*!
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+/*!
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+/*!
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+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+function n(t){return(n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}var o=r(15).get().Binary,i=r(20),s=r(7),a=r(30);
+/*!
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+ */
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+/*!
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+ */
+function e(r,n,o,i){var s;s=r&&a(r)&&!t.isBuffer(r)?Object.keys(r.toObject({transform:!1,virtuals:!1})):Object.keys(r||{});var c=s.length,l={};n=n?n+".":"";for(var f=0;f<c;++f){var p=s[f],h=r[p];l[n+p]=h;var y=i&&i.path&&i.path(n+p),d=i&&i.nested&&i.nested[n+p];if(!y||"Mixed"!==y.instance){if(u(h)){if(o&&o.skipArrays&&Array.isArray(h))continue;var _=e(h,n+p,o,i);for(var v in _)l[v]=_[v];Array.isArray(h)&&(l[n+p]=h)}if(d)for(var m=Object.keys(i.paths),g=0,b=m;g<b.length;g++){var w=b[g];w.startsWith(n+p+".")&&!l.hasOwnProperty(w)&&(l[w]=void 0)}}}return l}
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */,e.modifiedPaths=function e(r,n,o){var i=Object.keys(r||{}),s=i.length;o=o||{},n=n?n+".":"";for(var c=0;c<s;++c){var l=i[c],f=r[l];o[n+l]=!0,a(f)&&!t.isBuffer(f)&&(f=f.toObject({transform:!1,virtuals:!1})),u(f)&&e(f,n+l,o)}return o}}).call(this,r(2).Buffer)},function(t,e,r){"use strict";var n=r(3);
+/*!
+ * Like `schema.path()`, except with a document, because impossible to
+ * determine path type without knowing the embedded discriminator key.
+ */t.exports=function t(e,r,o){for(var i=(o=o||{}).typeOnly,s=r.split("."),a=null,u="adhocOrUndefined",c=0;c<s.length;++c){var l=s.slice(0,c+1).join(".");if(null!=(a=e.schema.path(l))){if("Mixed"===a.instance)return i?"real":a;if(u=e.schema.pathType(l),(a.$isSingleNested||a.$isMongooseDocumentArrayElement)&&null!=a.schema.discriminators){var f=a.schema.discriminators,p=e.get(l+"."+n(a,"schema.options.discriminatorKey"));if(null==p||null==f[p])continue;var h=s.slice(c+1).join(".");return t(e.get(l),h,o)}}else u="adhocOrUndefined"}return i?u:a}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+/*!
+ * Returns this documents _id cast to a string.
+ */
+function n(){return null!=this._id?String(this._id):null}t.exports=function(t){!t.paths.id&&!t.options.noVirtualId&&t.options.id&&t.virtual("id").get(n)}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";var n=r(58);
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */t.exports=function(t){if(null==t)return null;var e=Object.keys(t),r=e.length,o=null;if(1===r&&"_id"===e[0])o=!!t[e[r]];else for(;r--;)if("_id"!==e[r]&&n(t[e[r]])){o=!t[e[r]];break}return o}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies
+ */function n(t){return(n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}function o(t,e){var r="undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&t[Symbol.iterator]||t["@@iterator"];if(!r){if(Array.isArray(t)||(r=function(t,e){if(!t)return;if("string"==typeof t)return i(t,e);var r=Object.prototype.toString.call(t).slice(8,-1);"Object"===r&&t.constructor&&(r=t.constructor.name);if("Map"===r||"Set"===r)return Array.from(t);if("Arguments"===r||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(r))return i(t,e)}(t))||e&&t&&"number"==typeof t.length){r&&(t=r);var n=0,o=function(){};return{s:o,n:function(){return n>=t.length?{done:!0}:{done:!1,value:t[n++]}},e:function(t){throw t},f:o}}throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}var s,a=!0,u=!1;return{s:function(){r=r.call(t)},n:function(){var t=r.next();return a=t.done,t},e:function(t){u=!0,s=t},f:function(){try{a||null==r.return||r.return()}finally{if(u)throw s}}}}function i(t,e){(null==e||e>t.length)&&(e=t.length);for(var r=0,n=new Array(e);r<e;r++)n[r]=t[r];return n}var s=r(178),a=r(3),u=r(36),c=r(58),l=r(29);
+/*!
+ * Set each path query option to lean
+ *
+ * @param {Object} option
+ */
+function f(t){return function(e){e.options||(e.options={}),null!=t&&Array.isArray(t.virtuals)&&((t=Object.assign({},t)).virtuals=t.virtuals.filter((function(t){return"string"==typeof t&&t.startsWith(e.path+".")})).map((function(t){return t.slice(e.path.length+1)}))),e.options.lean=t}}
+/*!
+ * Handle the `WriteOpResult` from the server
+ */
+/*!
+ * Prepare a set of path options for query population.
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+e.preparePopulationOptions=function(t,e){var r=t.options.populate,n=Object.keys(r).reduce((function(t,e){return t.concat([r[e]])}),[]);return null!=e.lean&&n.filter((function(t){return null==a(t,"options.lean")})).forEach(f(e.lean)),n.forEach((function(e){e._localModel=t.model})),n},
+/*!
+ * Prepare a set of path options for query population. This is the MongooseQuery
+ * version
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+e.preparePopulationOptionsMQ=function(t,e){var r=t._mongooseOptions.populate,n=Object.keys(r).reduce((function(t,e){return t.concat([r[e]])}),[]);null!=e.lean&&n.filter((function(t){return null==a(t,"options.lean")})).forEach(f(e.lean));var o=a(t,"options.session",null);null!=o&&n.forEach((function(t){null!=t.options?"session"in t.options||(t.options.session=o):t.options={session:o}}));var i=t._fieldsForExec();return n.forEach((function(t){t._queryProjection=i})),n.forEach((function(e){e._localModel=t.model})),n},
+/*!
+ * If the document is a mapped discriminator type, it returns a model instance for that type, otherwise,
+ * it returns an instance of the given model.
+ *
+ * @param {Model}  model
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} fields
+ *
+ * @return {Document}
+ */
+e.createModel=function(t,r,n,o,i){t.hooks.execPreSync("createModel",r);var s=t.schema?t.schema.discriminatorMapping:null,a=s&&s.isRoot?s.key:null,c=r[a];if(a&&c&&t.discriminators){var f=t.discriminators[c]||u(t.discriminators,c);if(f){var p=l(o);return e.applyPaths(p,f.schema),new f(void 0,p,!0)}}return void 0===i&&((i={}).defaults=!0),new t(void 0,n,{skipId:!0,isNew:!1,willInit:!0,defaults:i.defaults})},
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+e.applyPaths=function(t,e){var r,i,u;if(t)for(u=(i=Object.keys(t)).length;u--;)if("+"!==i[u][0]){var l=t[i[u]];if(c(l)){r=!l;break}}var f=[],p=[],h=[];switch(function e(n,o){if(o||(o=""),-1!==h.indexOf(n))return[];h.push(n);var i=[];return n.eachPath((function(n,a){o&&(n=o+"."+n);var u=E(n,a);if(null==u&&a.$isMongooseArray&&!a.$isMongooseDocumentArray&&(u=E(n,a.caster)),null!=u&&i.push(u),a.schema){var c=e(a.schema,n);!1===r&&s(t,n,a.schema,f,c)}})),h.pop(),i}(e),r){case!0:var y,d=o(p);try{for(d.s();!(y=d.n()).done;){var _=y.value;t[_]=0}}catch(t){d.e(t)}finally{d.f()}break;case!1:e&&e.paths._id&&e.paths._id.options&&!1===e.paths._id.options.select&&(t._id=0);var v,m=o(f);try{for(m.s();!(v=m.n()).done;){var g=v.value;t[g]=t[g]||1}}catch(t){m.e(t)}finally{m.f()}break;case void 0:if(null==t)break;for(var b=0,w=Object.keys(t||{});b<w.length;b++){var O=w[b];O.startsWith("+")&&delete t[O]}var S,A=o(p);try{for(A.s();!(S=A.n()).done;){var $=S.value;t[$]=0}}catch(t){A.e(t)}finally{A.f()}}function E(e,o){var s="+"+e,u=t&&s in t;if(u&&delete t[s],"boolean"==typeof o.selected){if(u)return delete t[s],void(!1===r&&i.length>1&&!~i.indexOf(e)&&(t[e]=1));for(var c=e.split("."),l="",h=0;h<c.length;++h)if(l+=l.length?"."+c[h]:c[h],-1!==p.indexOf(l))return;if(!r&&a(o,"options.$skipDiscriminatorCheck",!1))for(var y="",d=0;d<c.length;++d){y+=(0===y.length?"":".")+c[d];var _=a(t,y,!1)||a(t,y+".$",!1);if(_&&"object"!==n(_))return}return(o.selected?f:p).push(e),e}}},e.handleDeleteWriteOpResult=function(t){return function(e,r){if(e)return t(e);var n=Object.assign({},r.result);return null!=a(r,"result.n",null)&&(n.deletedCount=r.result.n),null!=r.deletedCount&&(n.deletedCount=r.deletedCount),t(null,n)}}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";t.exports=function(t,e,r,n,o){var i=Object.keys(t).reduce((function(t,r){return t||r.startsWith(e+".")}),!1),s=e+"."+r.options.discriminatorKey;i||1!==o.length||o[0]!==s||n.splice(n.indexOf(s),1)}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";function n(t){return(n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}t.exports=function(t){return!!t&&("object"===n(t)||"function"==typeof t)&&"function"==typeof t.then}},function(t,e,r){"use strict";
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */var n=r(12),o=r(19).EventEmitter,i=r(5),s=r(53),a=r(7),u=i.ValidationError,c=r(77),l=r(21);function f(t,e,r,o,u){if(!(this instanceof f))return new f(t,e,r,o,u);if(l(e)&&!e.instanceOfSchema&&(e=new s(e)),e=this.schema||e,!this.schema&&e.options._id&&void 0===(t=t||{})._id&&(t._id=new a),!e)throw new i.MissingSchemaError;for(var p in this.$__setSchema(e),n.call(this,t,r,o,u),c(this,e,{decorateDoc:!0}),e.methods)this[p]=e.methods[p];for(var h in e.statics)this[h]=e.statics[h]}
+/*!
+ * Inherit from the NodeJS document
+ */f.prototype=Object.create(n.prototype),f.prototype.constructor=f,
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+f.events=new o,
+/*!
+ * Browser doc exposes the event emitter API
+ */
+f.$emitter=new o,["on","once","emit","listeners","removeListener","setMaxListeners","removeAllListeners","addListener"].forEach((function(t){f[t]=function(){return f.$emitter[t].apply(f.$emitter,arguments)}})),
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+f.ValidationError=u,t.exports=f}])}));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..954c35d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2868 @@
+declare module 'mongoose' {
+  import events = require('events');
+  import mongodb = require('mongodb');
+  import mongoose = require('mongoose');
+  import stream = require('stream');
+
+  export enum ConnectionStates {
+    disconnected = 0,
+    connected = 1,
+    connecting = 2,
+    disconnecting = 3,
+    uninitialized = 99,
+  }
+
+  /** The Mongoose Date [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). */
+  class NativeDate extends global.Date {}
+  export type Date = Schema.Types.Date;
+
+  /**
+   * The Mongoose Decimal128 [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+   * declaring paths in your schema that should be
+   * [128-bit decimal floating points](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-nodejs-perspective-on-mongodb-34-decimal.html).
+   * Do not use this to create a new Decimal128 instance, use `mongoose.Types.Decimal128`
+   * instead.
+   */
+  export type Decimal128 = Schema.Types.Decimal128;
+
+  /**
+   * The Mongoose Mixed [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+   * declaring paths in your schema that Mongoose's change tracking, casting,
+   * and validation should ignore.
+   */
+  export type Mixed = Schema.Types.Mixed;
+
+  /**
+   * Mongoose constructor. The exports object of the `mongoose` module is an instance of this
+   * class. Most apps will only use this one instance.
+   */
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+  export const Mongoose: new (options?: object | null) => typeof mongoose;
+
+  /**
+   * The Mongoose Number [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+   * declaring paths in your schema that Mongoose should cast to numbers.
+   */
+  export type Number = Schema.Types.Number;
+
+  /**
+   * The Mongoose ObjectId [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+   * declaring paths in your schema that should be
+   * [MongoDB ObjectIds](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/ObjectId/).
+   * Do not use this to create a new ObjectId instance, use `mongoose.Types.ObjectId`
+   * instead.
+   */
+  export type ObjectId = Schema.Types.ObjectId;
+
+  export let Promise: any;
+  export const PromiseProvider: any;
+
+  /** The various Mongoose SchemaTypes. */
+  export const SchemaTypes: typeof Schema.Types;
+
+  /** Expose connection states for user-land */
+  export const STATES: typeof ConnectionStates;
+
+  /** Opens Mongoose's default connection to MongoDB, see [connections docs](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/connections.html) */
+  export function connect(uri: string, options: ConnectOptions, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+  export function connect(uri: string, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+  export function connect(uri: string, options?: ConnectOptions): Promise<Mongoose>;
+
+  /** The Mongoose module's default connection. Equivalent to `mongoose.connections[0]`, see [`connections`](#mongoose_Mongoose-connections). */
+  export const connection: Connection;
+
+  /** An array containing all connections associated with this Mongoose instance. */
+  export const connections: Connection[];
+
+  /** An array containing all models associated with this Mongoose instance. */
+  export const models: { [index: string]: Model<any> };
+  /** Creates a Connection instance. */
+  export function createConnection(uri: string, options?: ConnectOptions): Connection & Promise<Connection>;
+  export function createConnection(): Connection;
+  export function createConnection(uri: string, options: ConnectOptions, callback: (err: CallbackError, conn: Connection) => void): void;
+
+  /**
+   * Removes the model named `name` from the default connection, if it exists.
+   * You can use this function to clean up any models you created in your tests to
+   * prevent OverwriteModelErrors.
+   */
+  export function deleteModel(name: string | RegExp): typeof mongoose;
+
+  export function disconnect(): Promise<void>;
+  export function disconnect(cb: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+  /** Gets mongoose options */
+  export function get(key: string): any;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if Mongoose can cast the given value to an ObjectId, or
+   * false otherwise.
+   */
+  export function isValidObjectId(v: any): boolean;
+
+  export function model<T>(name: string, schema?: Schema<any>, collection?: string, skipInit?: boolean): Model<T>;
+  export function model<T, U extends Model<T, TQueryHelpers, any>, TQueryHelpers = {}>(
+    name: string,
+    schema?: Schema<T, U>,
+    collection?: string,
+    skipInit?: boolean
+  ): U;
+
+  /** Returns an array of model names created on this instance of Mongoose. */
+  export function modelNames(): Array<string>;
+
+  /** The node-mongodb-native driver Mongoose uses. */
+  export const mongo: typeof mongodb;
+
+  /**
+   * Mongoose uses this function to get the current time when setting
+   * [timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps). You may stub out this function
+   * using a tool like [Sinon](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sinon) for testing.
+   */
+  export function now(): Date;
+
+  /** Declares a global plugin executed on all Schemas. */
+  export function plugin(fn: (schema: Schema, opts?: any) => void, opts?: any): typeof mongoose;
+
+  /** Getter/setter around function for pluralizing collection names. */
+  export function pluralize(fn?: ((str: string) => string) | null): ((str: string) => string) | null;
+
+  /** Sets mongoose options */
+  export function set(key: string, value: any): void;
+
+  /**
+   * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Starts a [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/release-notes/3.6/#client-sessions)
+   * for benefits like causal consistency, [retryable writes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/retryable-writes/),
+   * and [transactions](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-node-js-perspective-on-mongodb-4-transactions.html).
+   */
+  export function startSession(options?: mongodb.SessionOptions): Promise<mongodb.ClientSession>;
+  export function startSession(options: mongodb.SessionOptions, cb: (err: any, session: mongodb.ClientSession) => void): void;
+
+  /** The Mongoose version */
+  export const version: string;
+
+  export type CastError = Error.CastError;
+
+  type Mongoose = typeof mongoose;
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-interface
+  interface ClientSession extends mongodb.ClientSession { }
+
+  interface ConnectOptions extends mongodb.MongoClientOptions {
+    /** Set to false to [disable buffering](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/faq.html#callback_never_executes) on all models associated with this connection. */
+    bufferCommands?: boolean;
+    /** The name of the database you want to use. If not provided, Mongoose uses the database name from connection string. */
+    dbName?: string;
+    /** username for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.user`. Maintained for backwards compatibility. */
+    user?: string;
+    /** password for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.password`. Maintained for backwards compatibility. */
+    pass?: string;
+    /** Set to false to disable automatic index creation for all models associated with this connection. */
+    autoIndex?: boolean;
+    /** True by default. Set to `false` to make `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndRemove()` use native `findOneAndUpdate()` rather than `findAndModify()`. */
+    useFindAndModify?: boolean;
+    /** Set to `true` to make Mongoose automatically call `createCollection()` on every model created on this connection. */
+    autoCreate?: boolean;
+    /** False by default. If `true`, this connection will use `createIndex()` instead of `ensureIndex()` for automatic index builds via `Model.init()`. */
+    useCreateIndex?: boolean;
+  }
+
+  class Connection extends events.EventEmitter {
+    /** Closes the connection */
+    close(callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+    close(force: boolean, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+    close(force?: boolean): Promise<void>;
+
+    /** Retrieves a collection, creating it if not cached. */
+    collection(name: string, options?: mongodb.CollectionCreateOptions): Collection;
+
+    /** A hash of the collections associated with this connection */
+    collections: { [index: string]: Collection };
+
+    /** A hash of the global options that are associated with this connection */
+    config: any;
+
+    /** The mongodb.Db instance, set when the connection is opened */
+    db: mongodb.Db;
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for `createCollection()`. Will explicitly create the given collection
+     * with specified options. Used to create [capped collections](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/capped-collections/)
+     * and [views](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/views/) from mongoose.
+     */
+    createCollection<T = any>(name: string, options?: mongodb.CollectionCreateOptions): Promise<mongodb.Collection<T>>;
+    createCollection<T = any>(name: string, cb: (err: CallbackError, collection: mongodb.Collection<T>) => void): void;
+    createCollection<T = any>(name: string, options: mongodb.CollectionCreateOptions, cb?: (err: CallbackError, collection: mongodb.Collection) => void): Promise<mongodb.Collection<T>>;
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the model named `name` from this connection, if it exists. You can
+     * use this function to clean up any models you created in your tests to
+     * prevent OverwriteModelErrors.
+     */
+    deleteModel(name: string): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for `dropCollection()`. Will delete the given collection, including
+     * all documents and indexes.
+     */
+    dropCollection(collection: string): Promise<void>;
+    dropCollection(collection: string, cb: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for `dropDatabase()`. Deletes the given database, including all
+     * collections, documents, and indexes.
+     */
+    dropDatabase(): Promise<void>;
+    dropDatabase(cb: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /** Gets the value of the option `key`. Equivalent to `conn.options[key]` */
+    get(key: string): any;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the [MongoDB driver `MongoClient`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.5/api/MongoClient.html) instance
+     * that this connection uses to talk to MongoDB.
+     */
+    getClient(): mongodb.MongoClient;
+
+    /**
+     * The host name portion of the URI. If multiple hosts, such as a replica set,
+     * this will contain the first host name in the URI
+     */
+    host: string;
+
+    /**
+     * A number identifier for this connection. Used for debugging when
+     * you have [multiple connections](/docs/connections.html#multiple_connections).
+     */
+    id: number;
+
+    /**
+     * A [POJO](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/pojo) containing
+     * a map from model names to models. Contains all models that have been
+     * added to this connection using [`Connection#model()`](/docs/api/connection.html#connection_Connection-model).
+     */
+    models: { [index: string]: Model<any> };
+
+    /** Defines or retrieves a model. */
+    model<T>(name: string, schema?: Schema<T>, collection?: string): Model<T>;
+    model<T, U extends Model<T, TQueryHelpers, any>, TQueryHelpers = {}>(
+      name: string,
+      schema?: Schema<T, U, TQueryHelpers>,
+      collection?: string,
+      skipInit?: boolean
+    ): U;
+
+    /** Returns an array of model names created on this connection. */
+    modelNames(): Array<string>;
+
+    /** The name of the database this connection points to. */
+    name: string;
+
+    /** Opens the connection with a URI using `MongoClient.connect()`. */
+    openUri(uri: string, options?: ConnectOptions): Promise<Connection>;
+    openUri(uri: string, callback: (err: CallbackError, conn?: Connection) => void): Connection;
+    openUri(uri: string, options: ConnectOptions, callback: (err: CallbackError, conn?: Connection) => void): Connection;
+
+    /** The password specified in the URI */
+    pass: string;
+
+    /**
+     * The port portion of the URI. If multiple hosts, such as a replica set,
+     * this will contain the port from the first host name in the URI.
+     */
+    port: number;
+
+    /** Declares a plugin executed on all schemas you pass to `conn.model()` */
+    plugin(fn: (schema: Schema, opts?: any) => void, opts?: any): Connection;
+
+    /** The plugins that will be applied to all models created on this connection. */
+    plugins: Array<any>;
+
+    /**
+     * Connection ready state
+     *
+     * - 0 = disconnected
+     * - 1 = connected
+     * - 2 = connecting
+     * - 3 = disconnecting
+     */
+    readyState: number;
+
+    /** Sets the value of the option `key`. Equivalent to `conn.options[key] = val` */
+    set(key: string, value: any): any;
+
+    /**
+     * Set the [MongoDB driver `MongoClient`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.5/api/MongoClient.html) instance
+     * that this connection uses to talk to MongoDB. This is useful if you already have a MongoClient instance, and want to
+     * reuse it.
+     */
+    setClient(client: mongodb.MongoClient): this;
+
+    /**
+     * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Starts a [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/release-notes/3.6/#client-sessions)
+     * for benefits like causal consistency, [retryable writes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/retryable-writes/),
+     * and [transactions](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-node-js-perspective-on-mongodb-4-transactions.html).
+     */
+    startSession(options?: mongodb.SessionOptions): Promise<mongodb.ClientSession>;
+    startSession(options: mongodb.SessionOptions, cb: (err: any, session: mongodb.ClientSession) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Executes the wrapped async function
+     * in a transaction. Mongoose will commit the transaction if the
+     * async function executes successfully and attempt to retry if
+     * there was a retriable error.
+     */
+    transaction(fn: (session: mongodb.ClientSession) => Promise<any>): Promise<any>;
+
+    /** Switches to a different database using the same connection pool. */
+    useDb(name: string, options?: { useCache?: boolean, noListener?: boolean }): Connection;
+
+    /** The username specified in the URI */
+    user: string;
+
+    /** Watches the entire underlying database for changes. Similar to [`Model.watch()`](/docs/api/model.html#model_Model.watch). */
+    watch(pipeline?: Array<any>, options?: mongodb.ChangeStreamOptions): mongodb.ChangeStream;
+  }
+
+   /*
+   * section collection.js
+   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#collection-js
+   */
+  interface CollectionBase extends mongodb.Collection {
+    /*
+      * Abstract methods. Some of these are already defined on the
+      * mongodb.Collection interface so they've been commented out.
+      */
+    ensureIndex(...args: any[]): any;
+    findAndModify(...args: any[]): any;
+    getIndexes(...args: any[]): any;
+
+    /** The collection name */
+    collectionName: string;
+    /** The Connection instance */
+    conn: Connection;
+    /** The collection name */
+    name: string;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * section drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js
+   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#drivers-node-mongodb-native-collection-js
+   */
+  let Collection: Collection;
+  interface Collection extends CollectionBase {
+    /**
+     * Collection constructor
+     * @param name name of the collection
+     * @param conn A MongooseConnection instance
+     * @param opts optional collection options
+     */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-misused-new
+    new(name: string, conn: Connection, opts?: any): Collection;
+    /** Formatter for debug print args */
+    $format(arg: any): string;
+    /** Debug print helper */
+    $print(name: any, i: any, args: any[]): void;
+    /** Retrieves information about this collections indexes. */
+    getIndexes(): any;
+  }
+
+  class Document<T = any, TQueryHelpers = any> {
+    constructor(doc?: any);
+
+    /** This documents _id. */
+    _id?: T;
+
+    /** This documents __v. */
+    __v?: any;
+
+    /* Get all subdocs (by bfs) */
+    $getAllSubdocs(): Document[];
+
+    /** Don't run validation on this path or persist changes to this path. */
+    $ignore(path: string): void;
+
+    /** Checks if a path is set to its default. */
+    $isDefault(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /** Getter/setter, determines whether the document was removed or not. */
+    $isDeleted(val?: boolean): boolean;
+
+    /** Returns an array of all populated documents associated with the query */
+    $getPopulatedDocs(): Document[];
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the given path is nullish or only contains empty objects.
+     * Useful for determining whether this subdoc will get stripped out by the
+     * [minimize option](/docs/guide.html#minimize).
+     */
+    $isEmpty(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /** Checks if a path is invalid */
+    $isValid(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Empty object that you can use for storing properties on the document. This
+     * is handy for passing data to middleware without conflicting with Mongoose
+     * internals.
+     */
+    $locals: Record<string, unknown>;
+
+    /** Marks a path as valid, removing existing validation errors. */
+    $markValid(path: string): void;
+
+    /**
+     * A string containing the current operation that Mongoose is executing
+     * on this document. May be `null`, `'save'`, `'validate'`, or `'remove'`.
+     */
+    $op: string | null;
+
+    /**
+     * Getter/setter around the session associated with this document. Used to
+     * automatically set `session` if you `save()` a doc that you got from a
+     * query with an associated session.
+     */
+    $session(session?: mongodb.ClientSession | null): mongodb.ClientSession;
+
+    /** Alias for `set()`, used internally to avoid conflicts */
+    $set(path: string, val: any, options?: any): this;
+    $set(path: string, val: any, type: any, options?: any): this;
+    $set(value: any): this;
+
+    /** Additional properties to attach to the query when calling `save()` and `isNew` is false. */
+    $where: Record<string, unknown>;
+
+    /** If this is a discriminator model, `baseModelName` is the name of the base model. */
+    baseModelName?: string;
+
+    /** Collection the model uses. */
+    collection: Collection;
+
+    /** Connection the model uses. */
+    db: Connection;
+
+    /** Removes this document from the db. */
+    delete(options?: QueryOptions): QueryWithHelpers<any, this, TQueryHelpers>;
+    delete(options: QueryOptions, cb?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): void;
+    delete(cb: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): void;
+
+    /** Removes this document from the db. */
+    deleteOne(options?: QueryOptions): QueryWithHelpers<any, this, TQueryHelpers>;
+    deleteOne(options: QueryOptions, cb?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): void;
+    deleteOne(cb: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): void;
+
+    /** Takes a populated field and returns it to its unpopulated state. */
+    depopulate(path: string): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the list of paths that have been directly modified. A direct
+     * modified path is a path that you explicitly set, whether via `doc.foo = 'bar'`,
+     * `Object.assign(doc, { foo: 'bar' })`, or `doc.set('foo', 'bar')`.
+     */
+    directModifiedPaths(): Array<string>;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this document is equal to another document.
+     *
+     * Documents are considered equal when they have matching `_id`s, unless neither
+     * document has an `_id`, in which case this function falls back to using
+     * `deepEqual()`.
+     */
+    equals(doc: Document<T>): boolean;
+
+    /** Hash containing current validation errors. */
+    errors?: Error.ValidationError;
+
+    /** Explicitly executes population and returns a promise. Useful for promises integration. */
+    execPopulate(): Promise<this>;
+    execPopulate(callback: (err: CallbackError, res: this) => void): void;
+
+    /** Returns the value of a path. */
+    get(path: string, type?: any, options?: any): any;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the changes that happened to the document
+     * in the format that will be sent to MongoDB.
+     */
+    getChanges(): UpdateQuery<this>;
+
+    /** The string version of this documents _id. */
+    id?: any;
+
+    /** Signal that we desire an increment of this documents version. */
+    increment(): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the document without setters or marking anything modified.
+     * Called internally after a document is returned from mongodb. Normally,
+     * you do **not** need to call this function on your own.
+     */
+    init(obj: any, opts?: any, cb?: (err: CallbackError, doc: this) => void): this;
+
+    /** Marks a path as invalid, causing validation to fail. */
+    invalidate(path: string, errorMsg: string | NativeError, value?: any, kind?: string): NativeError | null;
+
+    /** Returns true if `path` was directly set and modified, else false. */
+    isDirectModified(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /** Checks if `path` was explicitly selected. If no projection, always returns true. */
+    isDirectSelected(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /** Checks if `path` is in the `init` state, that is, it was set by `Document#init()` and not modified since. */
+    isInit(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if any of the given paths is modified, else false. If no arguments, returns `true` if any path
+     * in this document is modified.
+     */
+    isModified(path?: string | Array<string>): boolean;
+
+    /** Boolean flag specifying if the document is new. */
+    isNew: boolean;
+
+    /** Checks if `path` was selected in the source query which initialized this document. */
+    isSelected(path: string): boolean;
+
+    /** Marks the path as having pending changes to write to the db. */
+    markModified(path: string, scope?: any): void;
+
+    /** Returns the list of paths that have been modified. */
+    modifiedPaths(options?: { includeChildren?: boolean }): Array<string>;
+
+    /** Returns another Model instance. */
+    model<T extends Model<any>>(name: string): T;
+
+    /** The name of the model */
+    modelName: string;
+
+    /**
+     * Overwrite all values in this document with the values of `obj`, except
+     * for immutable properties. Behaves similarly to `set()`, except for it
+     * unsets all properties that aren't in `obj`.
+     */
+    overwrite(obj: DocumentDefinition<this>): this;
+
+    /**
+     * If this document is a subdocument or populated document, returns the
+     * document's parent. Returns undefined otherwise.
+     */
+    $parent(): Document | undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * Populates document references, executing the `callback` when complete.
+     * If you want to use promises instead, use this function with
+     * [`execPopulate()`](#document_Document-execPopulate).
+     */
+    populate(path: string, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: this) => void): this;
+    populate(path: string, names: string, callback?: (err: any, res: this) => void): this;
+    populate(opts: PopulateOptions | Array<PopulateOptions>, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: this) => void): this;
+
+    /** Gets _id(s) used during population of the given `path`. If the path was not populated, returns `undefined`. */
+    populated(path: string): any;
+
+    /** Removes this document from the db. */
+    remove(options?: QueryOptions): Promise<this>;
+    remove(options?: QueryOptions, cb?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): void;
+
+    /** Sends a replaceOne command with this document `_id` as the query selector. */
+    replaceOne(replacement?: DocumentDefinition<this>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void): Query<any, this>;
+
+    /** Saves this document by inserting a new document into the database if [document.isNew](/docs/api.html#document_Document-isNew) is `true`, or sends an [updateOne](/docs/api.html#document_Document-updateOne) operation with just the modified paths if `isNew` is `false`. */
+    save(options?: SaveOptions): Promise<this>;
+    save(options?: SaveOptions, fn?: (err: CallbackError, doc: this) => void): void;
+    save(fn?: (err: CallbackError, doc: this) => void): void;
+
+    /** The document's schema. */
+    schema: Schema;
+
+    /** Sets the value of a path, or many paths. */
+    set(path: string, val: any, options?: any): this;
+    set(path: string, val: any, type: any, options?: any): this;
+    set(value: any): this;
+
+    /** The return value of this method is used in calls to JSON.stringify(doc). */
+    toJSON(options?: ToObjectOptions): LeanDocument<this>;
+    toJSON<T>(options?: ToObjectOptions): T;
+
+    /** Converts this document into a plain-old JavaScript object ([POJO](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/pojo)). */
+    toObject(options?: ToObjectOptions): LeanDocument<this>;
+    toObject<T>(options?: ToObjectOptions): T;
+
+    /** Clears the modified state on the specified path. */
+    unmarkModified(path: string): void;
+
+    /** Sends an update command with this document `_id` as the query selector. */
+    update(update?: UpdateQuery<this> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): Query<any, this>;
+
+    /** Sends an updateOne command with this document `_id` as the query selector. */
+    updateOne(update?: UpdateQuery<this> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): Query<any, this>;
+
+    /** Executes registered validation rules for this document. */
+    validate(pathsToValidate?: Array<string>, options?: any): Promise<void>;
+    validate(callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+    validate(pathsToValidate: Array<string>, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+    validate(pathsToValidate: Array<string>, options: any, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /** Executes registered validation rules (skipping asynchronous validators) for this document. */
+    validateSync(pathsToValidate?: Array<string>, options?: any): Error.ValidationError | null;
+  }
+
+  interface AcceptsDiscriminator {
+    /** Adds a discriminator type. */
+    discriminator<D extends Document>(name: string | number, schema: Schema<D>, value?: string | number | ObjectId): Model<D>;
+    discriminator<T extends Document, U extends Model<T>>(name: string | number, schema: Schema<T, U>, value?: string | number | ObjectId): U;
+  }
+
+  interface AnyObject { [k: string]: any }
+  type EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> = T extends Document ? T : T & Document & TMethods;
+
+  export const Model: Model<any>;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+  interface Model<T, TQueryHelpers = {}, TMethods = {}> extends NodeJS.EventEmitter, AcceptsDiscriminator {
+    new(doc?: T | any): EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>;
+
+    aggregate<R = any>(pipeline?: any[]): Aggregate<Array<R>>;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    aggregate<R = any>(pipeline: any[], cb: Function): Promise<Array<R>>;
+
+    /** Base Mongoose instance the model uses. */
+    base: typeof mongoose;
+
+    /**
+     * If this is a discriminator model, `baseModelName` is the name of
+     * the base model.
+     */
+    baseModelName: string | undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * Sends multiple `insertOne`, `updateOne`, `updateMany`, `replaceOne`,
+     * `deleteOne`, and/or `deleteMany` operations to the MongoDB server in one
+     * command. This is faster than sending multiple independent operations (e.g.
+     * if you use `create()`) because with `bulkWrite()` there is only one round
+     * trip to MongoDB.
+     */
+    bulkWrite(writes: Array<any>, options?: mongodb.CollectionBulkWriteOptions): Promise<mongodb.BulkWriteOpResultObject>;
+    bulkWrite(writes: Array<any>, options?: mongodb.CollectionBulkWriteOptions, cb?: (err: any, res: mongodb.BulkWriteOpResultObject) => void): void;
+
+    /** Collection the model uses. */
+    collection: Collection;
+
+    /** Creates a `count` query: counts the number of documents that match `filter`. */
+    count(callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    count(filter: FilterQuery<T>, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `countDocuments` query: counts the number of documents that match `filter`. */
+    countDocuments(callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    countDocuments(filter: FilterQuery<T>, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a new document or documents */
+    create(docs: (T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject)[], options?: SaveOptions): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]>;
+    create(docs: (T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject)[], callback: (err: CallbackError, docs: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]) => void): void;
+    create(doc: T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>;
+    create(doc: T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject, callback: (err: CallbackError, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>) => void): void;
+    create<DocContents = T | DocumentDefinition<T>>(docs: DocContents[], options?: SaveOptions): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]>;
+    create<DocContents = T | DocumentDefinition<T>>(docs: DocContents[], callback: (err: CallbackError, docs: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]) => void): void;
+    create<DocContents = T | DocumentDefinition<T>>(doc: DocContents): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>;
+    create<DocContents = T | DocumentDefinition<T>>(...docs: DocContents[]): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]>;
+    create<DocContents = T | DocumentDefinition<T>>(doc: DocContents, callback: (err: CallbackError, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Create the collection for this model. By default, if no indexes are specified,
+     * mongoose will not create the collection for the model until any documents are
+     * created. Use this method to create the collection explicitly.
+     */
+    createCollection(options?: mongodb.CollectionCreateOptions): Promise<mongodb.Collection<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>>;
+    createCollection(options: mongodb.CollectionCreateOptions | null, callback: (err: CallbackError, collection: mongodb.Collection<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Similar to `ensureIndexes()`, except for it uses the [`createIndex`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#createIndex)
+     * function.
+     */
+    createIndexes(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+    createIndexes(options?: any, callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+
+    /** Connection the model uses. */
+    db: Connection;
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes all of the documents that match `conditions` from the collection.
+     * Behaves like `remove()`, but deletes all documents that match `conditions`
+     * regardless of the `single` option.
+     */
+    deleteMany(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, options?: QueryOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.DeleteWriteOpResultObject['result'] & { deletedCount?: number }, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    deleteMany(filter: FilterQuery<T>, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.DeleteWriteOpResultObject['result'] & { deletedCount?: number }, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    deleteMany(callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.DeleteWriteOpResultObject['result'] & { deletedCount?: number }, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes the first document that matches `conditions` from the collection.
+     * Behaves like `remove()`, but deletes at most one document regardless of the
+     * `single` option.
+     */
+    deleteOne(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, options?: QueryOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.DeleteWriteOpResultObject['result'] & { deletedCount?: number }, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    deleteOne(filter: FilterQuery<T>, callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.DeleteWriteOpResultObject['result'] & { deletedCount?: number }, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    deleteOne(callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.DeleteWriteOpResultObject['result'] & { deletedCount?: number }, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Sends `createIndex` commands to mongo for each index declared in the schema.
+     * The `createIndex` commands are sent in series.
+     */
+    ensureIndexes(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+    ensureIndexes(options?: any, callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     * Event emitter that reports any errors that occurred. Useful for global error
+     * handling.
+     */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+    events: NodeJS.EventEmitter;
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a single document by its _id field. `findById(id)` is almost*
+     * equivalent to `findOne({ _id: id })`. If you want to query by a document's
+     * `_id`, use `findById()` instead of `findOne()`.
+     */
+    findById(id: any, projection?: any | null, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Finds one document. */
+    findOne(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, projection?: any | null, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Shortcut for creating a new Document from existing raw data, pre-saved in the DB.
+     * The document returned has no paths marked as modified initially.
+     */
+    hydrate(obj: any): EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>;
+
+    /**
+     * This function is responsible for building [indexes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/indexes/),
+     * unless [`autoIndex`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#autoIndex) is turned off.
+     * Mongoose calls this function automatically when a model is created using
+     * [`mongoose.model()`](/docs/api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-model) or
+     * [`connection.model()`](/docs/api.html#connection_Connection-model), so you
+     * don't need to call it.
+     */
+    init(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>;
+
+    /** Inserts one or more new documents as a single `insertMany` call to the MongoDB server. */
+    insertMany(docs: Array<T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject>, options: InsertManyOptions & { rawResult: true }): Promise<InsertManyResult>;
+    insertMany(docs: Array<T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject>, options?: InsertManyOptions): Promise<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>>;
+    insertMany(doc: T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject, options: InsertManyOptions & { rawResult: true }): Promise<InsertManyResult>;
+    insertMany(doc: T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject, options?: InsertManyOptions): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>;
+    insertMany(doc: T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject, options?: InsertManyOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | InsertManyResult) => void): void;
+    insertMany(docs: Array<T | DocumentDefinition<T> | AnyObject>, options?: InsertManyOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>> | InsertManyResult) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Lists the indexes currently defined in MongoDB. This may or may not be
+     * the same as the indexes defined in your schema depending on whether you
+     * use the [`autoIndex` option](/docs/guide.html#autoIndex) and if you
+     * build indexes manually.
+     */
+    listIndexes(callback: (err: CallbackError, res: Array<any>) => void): void;
+    listIndexes(): Promise<Array<any>>;
+
+    /** The name of the model */
+    modelName: string;
+
+    /** Populates document references. */
+    populate(docs: Array<any>, options: PopulateOptions | Array<PopulateOptions> | string,
+      callback?: (err: any, res: (EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>)[]) => void): Promise<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>>;
+    populate(doc: any, options: PopulateOptions | Array<PopulateOptions> | string,
+      callback?: (err: any, res: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>) => void): Promise<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>;
+
+    /**
+     * Makes the indexes in MongoDB match the indexes defined in this model's
+     * schema. This function will drop any indexes that are not defined in
+     * the model's schema except the `_id` index, and build any indexes that
+     * are in your schema but not in MongoDB.
+     */
+    syncIndexes(options?: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<Array<string>>;
+    syncIndexes(options: Record<string, unknown> | null, callback: (err: CallbackError, dropped: Array<string>) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Starts a [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/release-notes/3.6/#client-sessions)
+     * for benefits like causal consistency, [retryable writes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/retryable-writes/),
+     * and [transactions](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-node-js-perspective-on-mongodb-4-transactions.html).
+     * */
+    startSession(options?: mongodb.SessionOptions, cb?: (err: any, session: mongodb.ClientSession) => void): Promise<mongodb.ClientSession>;
+
+    /** Casts and validates the given object against this model's schema, passing the given `context` to custom validators. */
+    validate(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+    validate(optional: any, callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+    validate(optional: any, pathsToValidate: string[], callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
+
+    /** Watches the underlying collection for changes using [MongoDB change streams](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/changeStreams/). */
+    watch(pipeline?: Array<Record<string, unknown>>, options?: mongodb.ChangeStreamOptions): mongodb.ChangeStream;
+
+    /** Adds a `$where` clause to this query */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    $where(argument: string | Function): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Registered discriminators for this model. */
+    discriminators: { [name: string]: Model<any> } | undefined;
+
+    /** Translate any aliases fields/conditions so the final query or document object is pure */
+    translateAliases(raw: any): any;
+
+    /** Creates a `distinct` query: returns the distinct values of the given `field` that match `filter`. */
+    distinct(field: string, filter?: FilterQuery<T>, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<any>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `estimatedDocumentCount` query: counts the number of documents in the collection. */
+    estimatedDocumentCount(options?: QueryOptions, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if at least one document exists in the database that matches
+     * the given `filter`, and false otherwise.
+     */
+    exists(filter: FilterQuery<T>): Promise<boolean>;
+    exists(filter: FilterQuery<T>, callback: (err: any, res: boolean) => void): void;
+
+    /** Creates a `find` query: gets a list of documents that match `filter`. */
+    find(callback?: (err: any, docs: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    find(filter: FilterQuery<T>, callback?: (err: any, docs: T[]) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    find(filter: FilterQuery<T>, projection?: any | null, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, docs: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>[]) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findByIdAndDelete` query, filtering by the given `_id`. */
+    findByIdAndDelete(id?: mongodb.ObjectId | any, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findByIdAndRemove` query, filtering by the given `_id`. */
+    findByIdAndRemove(id?: mongodb.ObjectId | any, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndUpdate` query, filtering by the given `_id`. */
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { rawResult: true }, callback?: (err: any, doc: mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { upsert: true } & ReturnsNewDoc, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, callback?: (err: any, doc: T | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id?: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update?: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndDelete` query: atomically finds the given document, deletes it, and returns the document as it was before deletion. */
+    findOneAndDelete(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndRemove` query: atomically finds the given document and deletes it. */
+    findOneAndRemove(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndReplace` query: atomically finds the given document and replaces it with `replacement`. */
+    findOneAndReplace(filter: FilterQuery<T>, replacement: DocumentDefinition<T>, options: QueryOptions & { upsert: true } & ReturnsNewDoc, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    findOneAndReplace(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, replacement?: DocumentDefinition<T>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndUpdate` query: atomically find the first document that matches `filter` and apply `update`. */
+    findOneAndUpdate(filter: FilterQuery<T>, update: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { rawResult: true }, callback?: (err: any, doc: mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    findOneAndUpdate(filter: FilterQuery<T>, update: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { upsert: true } & ReturnsNewDoc, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    findOneAndUpdate(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, update?: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods> | null, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    geoSearch(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, options?: GeoSearchOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Executes a mapReduce command. */
+    mapReduce<Key, Value>(
+      o: MapReduceOptions<T, Key, Value>,
+      callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void
+    ): Promise<any>;
+
+    remove(filter?: any, callback?: (err: CallbackError) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `replaceOne` query: finds the first document that matches `filter` and replaces it with `replacement`. */
+    replaceOne(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, replacement?: DocumentDefinition<T>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Schema the model uses. */
+    schema: Schema;
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated use `updateOne` or `updateMany` instead.
+     * Creates a `update` query: updates one or many documents that match `filter` with `update`, based on the `multi` option.
+     */
+    update(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, update?: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<UpdateWriteOpResult, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `updateMany` query: updates all documents that match `filter` with `update`. */
+    updateMany(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, update?: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<UpdateWriteOpResult, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `updateOne` query: updates the first document that matches `filter` with `update`. */
+    updateOne(filter?: FilterQuery<T>, update?: UpdateQuery<T> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<UpdateWriteOpResult, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a Query, applies the passed conditions, and returns the Query. */
+    where(path: string, val?: any): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    where(obj: object): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+    where(): QueryWithHelpers<Array<EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>>, EnforceDocument<T, TMethods>, TQueryHelpers>;
+  }
+
+  type _UpdateWriteOpResult = mongodb.UpdateWriteOpResult['result'];
+  interface UpdateWriteOpResult extends _UpdateWriteOpResult {
+    upserted?: Array<{index: number, _id: any}>;
+  }
+
+  interface QueryOptions {
+    arrayFilters?: { [key: string]: any }[];
+    batchSize?: number;
+    collation?: mongodb.CollationDocument;
+    comment?: any;
+    context?: string;
+    explain?: any;
+    fields?: any | string;
+    hint?: any;
+    /**
+     * If truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document.
+     */
+    lean?: boolean | any;
+    limit?: number;
+    maxTimeMS?: number;
+    maxscan?: number;
+    multi?: boolean;
+    multipleCastError?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * By default, `findOneAndUpdate()` returns the document as it was **before**
+     * `update` was applied. If you set `new: true`, `findOneAndUpdate()` will
+     * instead give you the object after `update` was applied.
+     */
+    new?: boolean;
+    omitUndefined?: boolean;
+    overwrite?: boolean;
+    overwriteDiscriminatorKey?: boolean;
+    populate?: string;
+    projection?: any;
+    /**
+     * if true, returns the raw result from the MongoDB driver
+     */
+    rawResult?: boolean;
+    readPreference?: mongodb.ReadPreferenceMode;
+    /**
+     * An alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal: false` is equivalent to `new: true`.
+     */
+    returnOriginal?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Another alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal` is deprecated so this should be used.
+     */
+    returnDocument?: string;
+    runValidators?: boolean;
+    /** The session associated with this query. */
+    session?: mongodb.ClientSession;
+    setDefaultsOnInsert?: boolean;
+    skip?: number;
+    snapshot?: any;
+    sort?: any;
+    /** overwrites the schema's strict mode option */
+    strict?: boolean | string;
+    tailable?: number;
+    /**
+     * If set to `false` and schema-level timestamps are enabled,
+     * skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite
+     * timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+     */
+    timestamps?: boolean;
+    upsert?: boolean;
+    useFindAndModify?: boolean;
+    writeConcern?: any;
+  }
+
+  type MongooseQueryOptions = Pick<QueryOptions, 'populate' | 'lean' | 'omitUndefined' | 'strict' | 'useFindAndModify'>;
+
+  interface SaveOptions {
+    checkKeys?: boolean;
+    j?: boolean;
+    safe?: boolean | WriteConcern;
+    session?: ClientSession | null;
+    timestamps?: boolean;
+    validateBeforeSave?: boolean;
+    validateModifiedOnly?: boolean;
+    w?: number | string;
+    wtimeout?: number;
+  }
+
+  interface WriteConcern {
+    j?: boolean;
+    w?: number | 'majority' | TagSet;
+    wtimeout?: number;
+  }
+
+  interface TagSet {
+    [k: string]: string;
+  }
+
+  interface InsertManyOptions {
+    limit?: number;
+    rawResult?: boolean;
+    ordered?: boolean;
+    lean?: boolean;
+    session?: mongodb.ClientSession;
+    populate?: string | string[] | PopulateOptions | PopulateOptions[];
+  }
+
+  interface InsertManyResult extends mongodb.InsertWriteOpResult<any> {
+    mongoose?: { validationErrors?: Array<Error.CastError | Error.ValidatorError> }
+  }
+
+  interface MapReduceOptions<T, Key, Val> {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    map: Function | string;
+    reduce: (key: Key, vals: T[]) => Val;
+    /** query filter object. */
+    query?: any;
+    /** sort input objects using this key */
+    sort?: any;
+    /** max number of documents */
+    limit?: number;
+    /** keep temporary data default: false */
+    keeptemp?: boolean;
+    /** finalize function */
+    finalize?: (key: Key, val: Val) => Val;
+    /** scope variables exposed to map/reduce/finalize during execution */
+    scope?: any;
+    /** it is possible to make the execution stay in JS. Provided in MongoDB > 2.0.X default: false */
+    jsMode?: boolean;
+    /** provide statistics on job execution time. default: false */
+    verbose?: boolean;
+    readPreference?: string;
+    /** sets the output target for the map reduce job. default: {inline: 1} */
+    out?: {
+      /** the results are returned in an array */
+      inline?: number;
+      /**
+       * {replace: 'collectionName'} add the results to collectionName: the
+       * results replace the collection
+       */
+      replace?: string;
+      /**
+       * {reduce: 'collectionName'} add the results to collectionName: if
+       * dups are detected, uses the reducer / finalize functions
+       */
+      reduce?: string;
+      /**
+       * {merge: 'collectionName'} add the results to collectionName: if
+       * dups exist the new docs overwrite the old
+       */
+      merge?: string;
+    };
+  }
+
+  interface GeoSearchOptions {
+    /** x,y point to search for */
+    near: number[];
+    /** the maximum distance from the point near that a result can be */
+    maxDistance: number;
+    /** The maximum number of results to return */
+    limit?: number;
+    /** return the raw object instead of the Mongoose Model */
+    lean?: boolean;
+  }
+
+  interface PopulateOptions {
+    /** space delimited path(s) to populate */
+    path: string;
+    /** fields to select */
+    select?: any;
+    /** query conditions to match */
+    match?: any;
+    /** optional model to use for population */
+    model?: string | Model<any>;
+    /** optional query options like sort, limit, etc */
+    options?: any;
+    /** deep populate */
+    populate?: PopulateOptions | Array<PopulateOptions>;
+    /**
+     * If true Mongoose will always set `path` to an array, if false Mongoose will
+     * always set `path` to a document. Inferred from schema by default.
+     */
+    justOne?: boolean;
+    /** transform function to call on every populated doc */
+    transform?: (doc: any, id: any) => any;
+  }
+
+  interface ToObjectOptions {
+    /** apply all getters (path and virtual getters) */
+    getters?: boolean;
+    /** apply virtual getters (can override getters option) */
+    virtuals?: boolean;
+    /** if `options.virtuals = true`, you can set `options.aliases = false` to skip applying aliases. This option is a no-op if `options.virtuals = false`. */
+    aliases?: boolean;
+    /** remove empty objects (defaults to true) */
+    minimize?: boolean;
+    /** if set, mongoose will call this function to allow you to transform the returned object */
+    transform?: (doc: any, ret: any, options: any) => any;
+    /** if true, replace any conventionally populated paths with the original id in the output. Has no affect on virtual populated paths. */
+    depopulate?: boolean;
+    /** if false, exclude the version key (`__v` by default) from the output */
+    versionKey?: boolean;
+    /** if true, convert Maps to POJOs. Useful if you want to `JSON.stringify()` the result of `toObject()`. */
+    flattenMaps?: boolean;
+    /** If true, omits fields that are excluded in this document's projection. Unless you specified a projection, this will omit any field that has `select: false` in the schema. */
+    useProjection?: boolean;
+  }
+
+  type MongooseDocumentMiddleware = 'validate' | 'save' | 'remove' | 'updateOne' | 'deleteOne' | 'init';
+  type MongooseQueryMiddleware = 'count' | 'deleteMany' | 'deleteOne' | 'distinct' | 'find' | 'findOne' | 'findOneAndDelete' | 'findOneAndRemove' | 'findOneAndUpdate' | 'remove' | 'update' | 'updateOne' | 'updateMany';
+
+  type SchemaPreOptions = { document?: boolean, query?: boolean };
+  type SchemaPostOptions = { document?: boolean, query?: boolean };
+
+  type ExtractQueryHelpers<M> = M extends Model<any, infer TQueryHelpers> ? TQueryHelpers : {};
+  type ExtractMethods<M> = M extends Model<any, any, infer TMethods> ? TMethods : {};
+
+  type PreMiddlewareFunction<T> = (this: T, next: (err?: CallbackError) => void) => void | Promise<void>;
+  type PreSaveMiddlewareFunction<T> = (this: T, next: (err?: CallbackError) => void, opts: SaveOptions) => void | Promise<void>;
+  type PostMiddlewareFunction<ThisType, ResType = any> = (this: ThisType, res: ResType, next: (err?: CallbackError) => void) => void | Promise<void>;
+  type ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<ThisType, ResType = any> = (this: ThisType, err: NativeError, res: ResType, next: (err?: CallbackError) => void) => void;
+
+  class Schema<DocType = Document, M extends Model<DocType, any, any> = Model<any, any, any>, SchemaDefinitionType = undefined> extends events.EventEmitter {
+    /**
+     * Create a new schema
+     */
+    constructor(definition?: SchemaDefinition<DocumentDefinition<SchemaDefinitionType>>, options?: SchemaOptions);
+
+    /** Adds key path / schema type pairs to this schema. */
+    add(obj: SchemaDefinition<DocumentDefinition<SchemaDefinitionType>> | Schema, prefix?: string): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Array of child schemas (from document arrays and single nested subdocs)
+     * and their corresponding compiled models. Each element of the array is
+     * an object with 2 properties: `schema` and `model`.
+     */
+    childSchemas: { schema: Schema, model: any }[];
+
+    /** Returns a copy of this schema */
+    clone(): Schema;
+
+    /** Object containing discriminators defined on this schema */
+    discriminators?: { [name: string]: Schema };
+
+    /** Iterates the schemas paths similar to Array#forEach. */
+    eachPath(fn: (path: string, type: SchemaType) => void): this;
+
+    /** Defines an index (most likely compound) for this schema. */
+    index(fields: any, options?: any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of indexes that this schema declares, via `schema.index()`
+     * or by `index: true` in a path's options.
+     */
+    indexes(): Array<any>;
+
+    /** Gets a schema option. */
+    get(path: string): any;
+
+    /**
+     * Loads an ES6 class into a schema. Maps [setters](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set) + [getters](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get), [static methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/static),
+     * and [instance methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes#Class_body_and_method_definitions)
+     * to schema [virtuals](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#virtuals),
+     * [statics](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#statics), and
+     * [methods](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#methods).
+     */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    loadClass(model: Function, onlyVirtuals?: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Adds an instance method to documents constructed from Models compiled from this schema. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    method(name: string, fn: (this: EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>, ...args: any[]) => any, opts?: any): this;
+    method(obj: { [name: string]: (this: EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>, ...args: any[]) => any }): this;
+
+    /** Object of currently defined methods on this schema. */
+    methods: { [name: string]: (this: EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>, ...args: any[]) => any };
+
+    /** The original object passed to the schema constructor */
+    obj: any;
+
+    /** Gets/sets schema paths. */
+    path(path: string): SchemaType;
+    path(path: string, constructor: any): this;
+
+    /** Lists all paths and their type in the schema. */
+    paths: {
+      [key: string]: SchemaType;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the pathType of `path` for this schema. */
+    pathType(path: string): string;
+
+    /** Registers a plugin for this schema. */
+    plugin(fn: (schema: Schema<DocType, Model<DocType>, SchemaDefinitionType>, opts?: any) => void, opts?: any): this;
+
+    /** Defines a post hook for the model. */
+    post<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: MongooseDocumentMiddleware | MongooseDocumentMiddleware[] | RegExp, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: MongooseDocumentMiddleware | MongooseDocumentMiddleware[] | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Query<any, any> = Query<any, any>>(method: MongooseQueryMiddleware | MongooseQueryMiddleware[] | string | RegExp, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Query<any, any> = Query<any, any>>(method: MongooseQueryMiddleware | MongooseQueryMiddleware[] | string | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Aggregate<any> = Aggregate<any>>(method: 'aggregate' | RegExp, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T, Array<any>>): this;
+    post<T extends Aggregate<any> = Aggregate<any>>(method: 'aggregate' | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T, Array<any>>): this;
+    post<T extends Model<DocType> = M>(method: 'insertMany' | RegExp, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Model<DocType> = M>(method: 'insertMany' | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: PostMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+
+    post<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: MongooseDocumentMiddleware | MongooseDocumentMiddleware[] | RegExp, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: MongooseDocumentMiddleware | MongooseDocumentMiddleware[] | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Query<any, any> = Query<any, any>>(method: MongooseQueryMiddleware | MongooseQueryMiddleware[] | string | RegExp, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Query<any, any> = Query<any, any>>(method: MongooseQueryMiddleware | MongooseQueryMiddleware[] | string | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Aggregate<any> = Aggregate<any>>(method: 'aggregate' | RegExp, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T, Array<any>>): this;
+    post<T extends Aggregate<any> = Aggregate<any>>(method: 'aggregate' | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T, Array<any>>): this;
+    post<T extends Model<DocType> = M>(method: 'insertMany' | RegExp, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    post<T extends Model<DocType> = M>(method: 'insertMany' | RegExp, options: SchemaPostOptions, fn: ErrorHandlingMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+
+    /** Defines a pre hook for the model. */
+    pre<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: 'save', fn: PreSaveMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: MongooseDocumentMiddleware | MongooseDocumentMiddleware[] | RegExp, fn: PreMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T = EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>>(method: MongooseDocumentMiddleware | MongooseDocumentMiddleware[] | RegExp, options: SchemaPreOptions, fn: PreMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T extends Query<any, any> = Query<any, any>>(method: MongooseQueryMiddleware | MongooseQueryMiddleware[] | string | RegExp, fn: PreMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T extends Query<any, any> = Query<any, any>>(method: MongooseQueryMiddleware | MongooseQueryMiddleware[] | string | RegExp, options: SchemaPreOptions, fn: PreMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T extends Aggregate<any> = Aggregate<any>>(method: 'aggregate' | RegExp, fn: PreMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T extends Aggregate<any> = Aggregate<any>>(method: 'aggregate' | RegExp, options: SchemaPreOptions, fn: PreMiddlewareFunction<T>): this;
+    pre<T extends Model<DocType> = M>(method: 'insertMany' | RegExp, fn: (this: T, next: (err?: CallbackError) => void, docs: any | Array<any>) => void | Promise<void>): this;
+    pre<T extends Model<DocType> = M>(method: 'insertMany' | RegExp, options: SchemaPreOptions, fn: (this: T, next: (err?: CallbackError) => void, docs: any | Array<any>) => void | Promise<void>): this;
+
+    /** Object of currently defined query helpers on this schema. */
+    query: { [name: string]: <T extends QueryWithHelpers<any, EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>, ExtractQueryHelpers<M>> = QueryWithHelpers<any, EnforceDocument<DocType, ExtractMethods<M>>, ExtractQueryHelpers<M>>>(this: T, ...args: any[]) => any };
+
+    /** Adds a method call to the queue. */
+    queue(name: string, args: any[]): this;
+
+    /** Removes the given `path` (or [`paths`]). */
+    remove(paths: string | Array<string>): this;
+
+    /** Returns an Array of path strings that are required by this schema. */
+    requiredPaths(invalidate?: boolean): string[];
+
+    /** Sets a schema option. */
+    set(path: string, value: any, _tags?: any): this;
+
+    /** Adds static "class" methods to Models compiled from this schema. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    static(name: string, fn: (this: M, ...args: any[]) => any): this;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    static(obj: { [name: string]: (this: M, ...args: any[]) => any }): this;
+
+    /** Object of currently defined statics on this schema. */
+    statics: { [name: string]: (this: M, ...args: any[]) => any };
+
+    /** Creates a virtual type with the given name. */
+    virtual(name: string, options?: VirtualTypeOptions): VirtualType;
+
+    /** Object of currently defined virtuals on this schema */
+    virtuals: any;
+
+    /** Returns the virtual type with the given `name`. */
+    virtualpath(name: string): VirtualType | null;
+  }
+
+  type SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<T extends number | string | boolean | Function> = T extends number
+    ? (typeof Number | 'number' | 'Number' | typeof Schema.Types.Number)
+    : T extends string
+    ? (typeof String | 'string' | 'String' | typeof Schema.Types.String)
+    : T extends boolean
+    ? (typeof Boolean | 'boolean' | 'Boolean' | typeof Schema.Types.Boolean)
+    : (Function | string);
+
+  type SchemaDefinitionProperty<T = undefined> = T extends string | number | Function
+    ? (SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<T> | SchemaTypeOptions<T>) :
+    SchemaTypeOptions<T extends undefined ? any : T> |
+    typeof SchemaType |
+    Schema<any, any> |
+    Schema<any, any>[] |
+    ReadonlyArray<Schema<any, any>> |
+    SchemaTypeOptions<T extends undefined ? any : T>[] |
+    ReadonlyArray<SchemaTypeOptions<T extends undefined ? any : T>> |
+    Function[] |
+    SchemaDefinition<T> |
+    SchemaDefinition<T>[] |
+    ReadonlyArray<SchemaDefinition<T>>;
+
+  type SchemaDefinition<T = undefined> = T extends undefined
+    ? { [path: string]: SchemaDefinitionProperty; }
+    : { [path in keyof T]?: SchemaDefinitionProperty<T[path]>; };
+
+  interface SchemaOptions {
+    /**
+     * By default, Mongoose's init() function creates all the indexes defined in your model's schema by
+     * calling Model.createIndexes() after you successfully connect to MongoDB. If you want to disable
+     * automatic index builds, you can set autoIndex to false.
+     */
+    autoIndex?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * If set to `true`, Mongoose will call Model.createCollection() to create the underlying collection
+     * in MongoDB if autoCreate is set to true. Calling createCollection() sets the collection's default
+     * collation based on the collation option and establishes the collection as a capped collection if
+     * you set the capped schema option.
+     */
+    autoCreate?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * By default, mongoose buffers commands when the connection goes down until the driver manages to reconnect.
+     * To disable buffering, set bufferCommands to false.
+     */
+    bufferCommands?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * If bufferCommands is on, this option sets the maximum amount of time Mongoose buffering will wait before
+     * throwing an error. If not specified, Mongoose will use 10000 (10 seconds).
+     */
+    bufferTimeoutMS?: number;
+    /**
+     * Mongoose supports MongoDBs capped collections. To specify the underlying MongoDB collection be capped, set
+     * the capped option to the maximum size of the collection in bytes.
+     */
+    capped?: boolean | number | { size?: number; max?: number; autoIndexId?: boolean; };
+    /** Sets a default collation for every query and aggregation. */
+    collation?: mongodb.CollationDocument;
+    /**
+     * Mongoose by default produces a collection name by passing the model name to the utils.toCollectionName
+     * method. This method pluralizes the name. Set this option if you need a different name for your collection.
+     */
+    collection?: string;
+    /**
+     * When you define a [discriminator](/docs/discriminators.html), Mongoose adds a path to your
+     * schema that stores which discriminator a document is an instance of. By default, Mongoose
+     * adds an `__t` path, but you can set `discriminatorKey` to overwrite this default.
+     */
+    discriminatorKey?: string;
+    /** defaults to false. */
+    emitIndexErrors?: boolean;
+    excludeIndexes?: any;
+    /**
+     * Mongoose assigns each of your schemas an id virtual getter by default which returns the document's _id field
+     * cast to a string, or in the case of ObjectIds, its hexString.
+     */
+    id?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Mongoose assigns each of your schemas an _id field by default if one is not passed into the Schema
+     * constructor. The type assigned is an ObjectId to coincide with MongoDB's default behavior. If you
+     * don't want an _id added to your schema at all, you may disable it using this option.
+     */
+    _id?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Mongoose will, by default, "minimize" schemas by removing empty objects. This behavior can be
+     * overridden by setting minimize option to false. It will then store empty objects.
+     */
+    minimize?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Optimistic concurrency is a strategy to ensure the document you're updating didn't change between when you
+     * loaded it using find() or findOne(), and when you update it using save(). Set to `true` to enable
+     * optimistic concurrency.
+     */
+    optimisticConcurrency?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Allows setting query#read options at the schema level, providing us a way to apply default ReadPreferences
+     * to all queries derived from a model.
+     */
+    read?: string;
+    /** Allows setting write concern at the schema level. */
+    writeConcern?: WriteConcern;
+    /** defaults to true. */
+    safe?: boolean | { w?: number | string; wtimeout?: number; j?: boolean };
+    /**
+     * The shardKey option is used when we have a sharded MongoDB architecture. Each sharded collection is
+     * given a shard key which must be present in all insert/update operations. We just need to set this
+     * schema option to the same shard key and we'll be all set.
+     */
+    shardKey?: Record<string, unknown>;
+    /**
+     * For backwards compatibility, the strict option does not apply to the filter parameter for queries.
+     * Mongoose has a separate strictQuery option to toggle strict mode for the filter parameter to queries.
+     */
+    strictQuery?: boolean | 'throw';
+    /**
+     * The strict option, (enabled by default), ensures that values passed to our model constructor that were not
+     * specified in our schema do not get saved to the db.
+     */
+    strict?: boolean | 'throw';
+    /** Exactly the same as the toObject option but only applies when the document's toJSON method is called. */
+    toJSON?: ToObjectOptions;
+    /**
+     * Documents have a toObject method which converts the mongoose document into a plain JavaScript object.
+     * This method accepts a few options. Instead of applying these options on a per-document basis, we may
+     * declare the options at the schema level and have them applied to all of the schema's documents by
+     * default.
+     */
+    toObject?: ToObjectOptions;
+    /**
+     * By default, if you have an object with key 'type' in your schema, mongoose will interpret it as a
+     * type declaration. However, for applications like geoJSON, the 'type' property is important. If you want to
+     * control which key mongoose uses to find type declarations, set the 'typeKey' schema option.
+     */
+    typeKey?: string;
+    /**
+     * Write operations like update(), updateOne(), updateMany(), and findOneAndUpdate() only check the top-level
+     * schema's strict mode setting. Set to `true` to use the child schema's `strict` mode setting.
+     */
+    useNestedStrict?: boolean;
+    /** defaults to false */
+    usePushEach?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * By default, documents are automatically validated before they are saved to the database. This is to
+     * prevent saving an invalid document. If you want to handle validation manually, and be able to save
+     * objects which don't pass validation, you can set validateBeforeSave to false.
+     */
+    validateBeforeSave?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * The versionKey is a property set on each document when first created by Mongoose. This keys value
+     * contains the internal revision of the document. The versionKey option is a string that represents
+     * the path to use for versioning. The default is '__v'.
+     */
+    versionKey?: string | boolean;
+    /**
+     * By default, Mongoose will automatically select() any populated paths for you, unless you explicitly exclude them.
+     */
+    selectPopulatedPaths?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * skipVersioning allows excluding paths from versioning (i.e., the internal revision will not be
+     * incremented even if these paths are updated). DO NOT do this unless you know what you're doing.
+     * For subdocuments, include this on the parent document using the fully qualified path.
+     */
+    skipVersioning?: any;
+    /**
+     * Validation errors in a single nested schema are reported
+     * both on the child and on the parent schema.
+     * Set storeSubdocValidationError to false on the child schema
+     * to make Mongoose only report the parent error.
+     */
+    storeSubdocValidationError?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * The timestamps option tells mongoose to assign createdAt and updatedAt fields to your schema. The type
+     * assigned is Date. By default, the names of the fields are createdAt and updatedAt. Customize the
+     * field names by setting timestamps.createdAt and timestamps.updatedAt.
+     */
+    timestamps?: boolean | SchemaTimestampsConfig;
+    /**
+     * Determines whether a type set to a POJO becomes
+     * a Mixed path or a Subdocument (defaults to true).
+     */
+    typePojoToMixed?: boolean;
+  }
+
+  interface SchemaTimestampsConfig {
+    createdAt?: boolean | string;
+    updatedAt?: boolean | string;
+    currentTime?: () => (Date | number);
+  }
+
+  type Unpacked<T> = T extends (infer U)[] ? U : T;
+
+  export class SchemaTypeOptions<T> {
+    type?:
+      T extends string | number | boolean | Function ? SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<T> :
+      T extends Schema<any, any> ? T :
+      T extends object[] ? (Schema<Document<Unpacked<T>>>[] | ReadonlyArray<Schema<Document<Unpacked<T>>>>) :
+      T extends string[] ? (SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<string>[] | ReadonlyArray<SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<string>>) :
+      T extends number[] ? (SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<number>[] | ReadonlyArray<SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<number>>) :
+      T extends boolean[] ? (SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<boolean>[] | ReadonlyArray<SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<boolean>>) :
+      T extends Function[] ? (SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<Function>[] | ReadonlyArray<SchemaDefinitionWithBuiltInClass<Function>>) :
+      T | typeof SchemaType | Schema<any, any>;
+
+    /** Defines a virtual with the given name that gets/sets this path. */
+    alias?: string;
+
+    /** Function or object describing how to validate this schematype. See [validation docs](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/validation.html). */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    validate?: RegExp | [RegExp, string] | Function | [Function, string] | ValidateOpts<T> | ValidateOpts<T>[];
+
+    /** Allows overriding casting logic for this individual path. If a string, the given string overwrites Mongoose's default cast error message. */
+    cast?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * If true, attach a required validator to this path, which ensures this path
+     * path cannot be set to a nullish value. If a function, Mongoose calls the
+     * function and only checks for nullish values if the function returns a truthy value.
+     */
+    required?: boolean | (() => boolean) | [boolean, string] | [() => boolean, string];
+
+    /**
+     * The default value for this path. If a function, Mongoose executes the function
+     * and uses the return value as the default.
+     */
+    default?: T | ((this: any, doc: any) => T);
+
+    /**
+     * The model that `populate()` should use if populating this path.
+     */
+    ref?: string | Model<any> | ((this: any, doc: any) => string | Model<any>);
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to include or exclude this path by default when loading documents
+     * using `find()`, `findOne()`, etc.
+     */
+    select?: boolean | number;
+
+    /**
+     * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose will
+     * build an index on this path when the model is compiled.
+     */
+    index?: boolean | number | IndexOptions | '2d' | '2dsphere' | 'hashed' | 'text';
+
+    /**
+     * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose
+     * will build a unique index on this path when the
+     * model is compiled. [The `unique` option is **not** a validator](/docs/validation.html#the-unique-option-is-not-a-validator).
+     */
+    unique?: boolean | number;
+
+    /**
+     * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose will
+     * disallow changes to this path once the document is saved to the database for the first time. Read more
+     * about [immutability in Mongoose here](http://thecodebarbarian.com/whats-new-in-mongoose-5-6-immutable-properties.html).
+     */
+    immutable?: boolean | ((this: any, doc: any) => boolean);
+
+    /**
+     * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose will
+     * build a sparse index on this path.
+     */
+    sparse?: boolean | number;
+
+    /**
+     * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose
+     * will build a text index on this path.
+     */
+    text?: boolean | number | any;
+
+    /**
+     * Define a transform function for this individual schema type.
+     * Only called when calling `toJSON()` or `toObject()`.
+     */
+    transform?: (this: any, val: T) => any;
+
+    /** defines a custom getter for this property using [`Object.defineProperty()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty). */
+    get?: (value: T, schematype?: this) => any;
+
+    /** defines a custom setter for this property using [`Object.defineProperty()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty). */
+    set?: (value: T, schematype?: this) => any;
+
+    /** array of allowed values for this path. Allowed for strings, numbers, and arrays of strings */
+    enum?: Array<string | number | null> | ReadonlyArray<string | number | null> | { values: Array<string | number | null> | ReadonlyArray<string | number | null>, message?: string } | { [path: string]: string | number | null };
+
+    /** The default [subtype](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html) associated with this buffer when it is stored in MongoDB. Only allowed for buffer paths */
+    subtype?: number
+
+    /** The minimum value allowed for this path. Only allowed for numbers and dates. */
+    min?: number | Date | [number, string] | [Date, string] | readonly [number, string] | readonly [Date, string];
+
+    /** The maximum value allowed for this path. Only allowed for numbers and dates. */
+    max?: number | Date | [number, string] | [Date, string] | readonly [number, string] | readonly [Date, string];
+
+    /** Defines a TTL index on this path. Only allowed for dates. */
+    expires?: number | Date;
+
+    /** If `true`, Mongoose will skip gathering indexes on subpaths. Only allowed for subdocuments and subdocument arrays. */
+    excludeIndexes?: boolean;
+
+    /** If set, overrides the child schema's `_id` option. Only allowed for subdocuments and subdocument arrays. */
+    _id?: boolean;
+
+    /** If set, specifies the type of this map's values. Mongoose will cast this map's values to the given type. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    of?: Function | SchemaTypeOptions<any>;
+
+    /** If true, uses Mongoose's default `_id` settings. Only allowed for ObjectIds */
+    auto?: boolean;
+
+    /** Attaches a validator that succeeds if the data string matches the given regular expression, and fails otherwise. */
+    match?: RegExp;
+
+    /** If truthy, Mongoose will add a custom setter that lowercases this string using JavaScript's built-in `String#toLowerCase()`. */
+    lowercase?: boolean;
+
+    /** If truthy, Mongoose will add a custom setter that removes leading and trailing whitespace using JavaScript's built-in `String#trim()`. */
+    trim?: boolean;
+
+    /** If truthy, Mongoose will add a custom setter that uppercases this string using JavaScript's built-in `String#toUpperCase()`. */
+    uppercase?: boolean;
+
+    /** If set, Mongoose will add a custom validator that ensures the given string's `length` is at least the given number. */
+    minlength?: number | [number, string] | readonly [number, string];
+
+    /** If set, Mongoose will add a custom validator that ensures the given string's `length` is at most the given number. */
+    maxlength?: number | [number, string] | readonly [number, string];
+
+    [other: string]: any;
+  }
+
+  export type RefType =
+    | number
+    | string
+    | Buffer
+    | undefined
+    | mongoose.Types.ObjectId
+    | mongoose.Types.Buffer
+    | typeof mongoose.Schema.Types.Number
+    | typeof mongoose.Schema.Types.String
+    | typeof mongoose.Schema.Types.Buffer
+    | typeof mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId;
+
+  /**
+   * Reference another Model
+   */
+  export type PopulatedDoc<
+    PopulatedType,
+    RawId extends RefType = (PopulatedType extends { _id?: RefType; } ? NonNullable<PopulatedType['_id']> : mongoose.Types.ObjectId) | undefined
+    > = PopulatedType | RawId;
+
+  interface IndexOptions {
+    background?: boolean,
+    expires?: number | string
+    sparse?: boolean,
+    type?: string,
+    unique?: boolean
+  }
+
+  interface ValidatorProps {
+    path: string;
+    value: any;
+  }
+
+  interface ValidatorMessageFn {
+    (props: ValidatorProps): string;
+  }
+
+  interface ValidateFn<T> {
+    (value: T): boolean;
+  }
+
+  interface LegacyAsyncValidateFn<T> {
+    (value: T, done: (result: boolean) => void): void;
+  }
+
+  interface AsyncValidateFn<T> {
+    (value: any): Promise<boolean>;
+  }
+
+  interface ValidateOpts<T> {
+    msg?: string;
+    message?: string | ValidatorMessageFn;
+    type?: string;
+    validator: ValidateFn<T> | LegacyAsyncValidateFn<T> | AsyncValidateFn<T>;
+  }
+
+  interface VirtualTypeOptions {
+    /** If `ref` is not nullish, this becomes a populated virtual. */
+    ref?: string | Function;
+
+    /**  The local field to populate on if this is a populated virtual. */
+    localField?: string | Function;
+
+    /** The foreign field to populate on if this is a populated virtual. */
+    foreignField?: string | Function;
+
+    /**
+     * By default, a populated virtual is an array. If you set `justOne`,
+     * the populated virtual will be a single doc or `null`.
+     */
+    justOne?: boolean;
+
+    /** If you set this to `true`, Mongoose will call any custom getters you defined on this virtual. */
+    getters?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * If you set this to `true`, `populate()` will set this virtual to the number of populated
+     * documents, as opposed to the documents themselves, using `Query#countDocuments()`.
+     */
+    count?: boolean;
+
+    /** Add an extra match condition to `populate()`. */
+    match?: FilterQuery<any> | Function;
+
+    /** Add a default `limit` to the `populate()` query. */
+    limit?: number;
+
+    /** Add a default `skip` to the `populate()` query. */
+    skip?: number;
+
+    /**
+     * For legacy reasons, `limit` with `populate()` may give incorrect results because it only
+     * executes a single query for every document being populated. If you set `perDocumentLimit`,
+     * Mongoose will ensure correct `limit` per document by executing a separate query for each
+     * document to `populate()`. For example, `.find().populate({ path: 'test', perDocumentLimit: 2 })`
+     * will execute 2 additional queries if `.find()` returns 2 documents.
+     */
+    perDocumentLimit?: number;
+
+    /** Additional options like `limit` and `lean`. */
+    options?: QueryOptions;
+  }
+
+  class VirtualType {
+    /** Applies getters to `value`. */
+    applyGetters(value: any, doc: Document): any;
+
+    /** Applies setters to `value`. */
+    applySetters(value: any, doc: Document): any;
+
+    /** Adds a custom getter to this virtual. */
+    get(fn: Function): this;
+
+    /** Adds a custom setter to this virtual. */
+    set(fn: Function): this;
+  }
+
+  namespace Schema {
+    namespace Types {
+      class Array extends SchemaType implements AcceptsDiscriminator {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        static options: { castNonArrays: boolean; };
+
+        discriminator<D extends Document>(name: string | number, schema: Schema<D>, value?: string): Model<D>;
+        discriminator<T extends Document, U extends Model<T>>(name: string | number, schema: Schema<T, U>, value?: string): U;
+
+        /**
+         * Adds an enum validator if this is an array of strings or numbers. Equivalent to
+         * `SchemaString.prototype.enum()` or `SchemaNumber.prototype.enum()`
+         */
+        enum(vals: string[] | number[]): this;
+      }
+
+      class Boolean extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /** Configure which values get casted to `true`. */
+        static convertToTrue: Set<any>;
+
+        /** Configure which values get casted to `false`. */
+        static convertToFalse: Set<any>;
+      }
+
+      class Buffer extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the default [subtype](https://studio3t.com/whats-new/best-practices-uuid-mongodb/)
+         * for this buffer. You can find a [list of allowed subtypes here](http://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/bson/binary.html).
+         */
+        subtype(subtype: number): this;
+      }
+
+      class Date extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /** Declares a TTL index (rounded to the nearest second) for _Date_ types only. */
+        expires(when: number | string): this;
+
+        /** Sets a maximum date validator. */
+        max(value: Date, message: string): this;
+
+        /** Sets a minimum date validator. */
+        min(value: Date, message: string): this;
+      }
+
+      class Decimal128 extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+      }
+
+      class DocumentArray extends SchemaType implements AcceptsDiscriminator {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        static options: { castNonArrays: boolean; };
+
+        discriminator<D extends Document>(name: string | number, schema: Schema<D>, value?: string): Model<D>;
+        discriminator<T extends Document, U extends Model<T>>(name: string | number, schema: Schema<T, U>, value?: string): U;
+
+        /** The schema used for documents in this array */
+        schema: Schema;
+      }
+
+      class Map extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+      }
+
+      class Mixed extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+      }
+
+      class Number extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /** Sets a enum validator */
+        enum(vals: number[]): this;
+
+        /** Sets a maximum number validator. */
+        max(value: number, message: string): this;
+
+        /** Sets a minimum number validator. */
+        min(value: number, message: string): this;
+      }
+
+      class ObjectId extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /** Adds an auto-generated ObjectId default if turnOn is true. */
+        auto(turnOn: boolean): this;
+      }
+
+      class Embedded extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /** The document's schema */
+        schema: Schema;
+      }
+
+      class String extends SchemaType {
+        /** This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle function names. */
+        static schemaName: string;
+
+        /** Adds an enum validator */
+        enum(vals: string[] | any): this;
+
+        /** Adds a lowercase [setter](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set). */
+        lowercase(shouldApply?: boolean): this;
+
+        /** Sets a regexp validator. */
+        match(value: RegExp, message: string): this;
+
+        /** Sets a maximum length validator. */
+        maxlength(value: number, message: string): this;
+
+        /** Sets a minimum length validator. */
+        minlength(value: number, message: string): this;
+
+        /** Adds a trim [setter](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set). */
+        trim(shouldTrim?: boolean): this;
+
+        /** Adds an uppercase [setter](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set). */
+        uppercase(shouldApply?: boolean): this;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  namespace Types {
+    class Array<T> extends global.Array<T> {
+      /** Pops the array atomically at most one time per document `save()`. */
+      $pop(): T;
+
+      /** Atomically shifts the array at most one time per document `save()`. */
+      $shift(): T;
+
+      /** Adds values to the array if not already present. */
+      addToSet(...args: any[]): any[];
+
+      isMongooseArray: true;
+
+      /** Pushes items to the array non-atomically. */
+      nonAtomicPush(...args: any[]): number;
+
+      /** Wraps [`Array#push`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push) with proper change tracking. */
+      push(...args: any[]): number;
+
+      /**
+       * Pulls items from the array atomically. Equality is determined by casting
+       * the provided value to an embedded document and comparing using
+       * [the `Document.equals()` function.](./api.html#document_Document-equals)
+       */
+      pull(...args: any[]): this;
+
+      /**
+       * Alias of [pull](#mongoosearray_MongooseArray-pull)
+       */
+      remove(...args: any[]): this;
+
+      /** Sets the casted `val` at index `i` and marks the array modified. */
+      set(i: number, val: T): this;
+
+      /** Atomically shifts the array at most one time per document `save()`. */
+      shift(): T;
+
+      /** Returns a native js Array. */
+      toObject(options?: ToObjectOptions): any;
+      toObject<T>(options?: ToObjectOptions): T;
+
+      /** Wraps [`Array#unshift`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/unshift) with proper change tracking. */
+      unshift(...args: any[]): number;
+    }
+
+    class Buffer extends global.Buffer {
+      /** Sets the subtype option and marks the buffer modified. */
+      subtype(subtype: number | ToObjectOptions): void;
+
+      /** Converts this buffer to its Binary type representation. */
+      toObject(subtype?: number): mongodb.Binary;
+    }
+
+    class Decimal128 extends mongodb.Decimal128 { }
+
+    class DocumentArray<T extends Document> extends Types.Array<T> {
+      /** DocumentArray constructor */
+      constructor(values: any[]);
+
+      isMongooseDocumentArray: true;
+
+      /** Creates a subdocument casted to this schema. */
+      create(obj: any): T;
+
+      /** Searches array items for the first document with a matching _id. */
+      id(id: any): T | null;
+    }
+
+    class EmbeddedDocument extends Document {
+      /** Returns the top level document of this sub-document. */
+      ownerDocument(): Document;
+
+      /** Returns this sub-documents parent document. */
+      parent(): Document;
+
+      /** Returns this sub-documents parent document. */
+      $parent(): Document;
+
+      /** Returns this sub-documents parent array. */
+      parentArray(): DocumentArray<Document>;
+    }
+
+    class Map<V> extends global.Map<string, V> {
+      /** Converts a Mongoose map into a vanilla JavaScript map. */
+      toObject(options?: ToObjectOptions & { flattenMaps?: boolean }): any;
+    }
+
+    const ObjectId: ObjectIdConstructor;
+
+    class _ObjectId extends mongodb.ObjectID {
+      _id?: ObjectId;
+    }
+
+    // Expose static methods of `mongodb.ObjectID` and allow calling without `new`
+    type ObjectIdConstructor = typeof _ObjectId & {
+      (val?: string | number): ObjectId;
+    };
+
+    // var objectId: mongoose.Types.ObjectId should reference mongodb.ObjectID not
+    //   the ObjectIdConstructor, so we add the interface below
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-interface
+    interface ObjectId extends mongodb.ObjectID { }
+
+    class Subdocument extends Document {
+      $isSingleNested: true;
+
+      /** Returns the top level document of this sub-document. */
+      ownerDocument(): Document;
+
+      /** Returns this sub-documents parent document. */
+      parent(): Document;
+
+      /** Returns this sub-documents parent document. */
+      $parent(): Document;
+    }
+  }
+
+  type ReturnsNewDoc = { new: true } | { returnOriginal: false } | {returnDocument: 'after'};
+
+  type QueryWithHelpers<ResultType, DocType extends Document, THelpers = {}> = Query<ResultType, DocType, THelpers> & THelpers;
+
+  class Query<ResultType, DocType extends Document, THelpers = {}> {
+    _mongooseOptions: MongooseQueryOptions;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a wrapper around a [mongodb driver cursor](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Cursor.html).
+     * A QueryCursor exposes a Streams3 interface, as well as a `.next()` function.
+     * This is equivalent to calling `.cursor()` with no arguments.
+     */
+    [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<DocType>;
+
+    /** Executes the query */
+    exec(): Promise<ResultType>;
+    exec(callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: ResultType) => void): void;
+    // @todo: this doesn't seem right
+    exec(callback?: (err: any, result: ResultType) => void): Promise<ResultType> | any;
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    $where(argument: string | Function): QueryWithHelpers<DocType[], DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies an `$all` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    all(val: Array<any>): this;
+    all(path: string, val: Array<any>): this;
+
+    /** Specifies arguments for an `$and` condition. */
+    and(array: FilterQuery<DocType>[]): this;
+
+    /** Specifies the batchSize option. */
+    batchSize(val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$box` condition */
+    box(val: any): this;
+    box(lower: number[], upper: number[]): this;
+
+    cast(model: Model<any, THelpers> | null, obj: any): UpdateQuery<DocType>;
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+     * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+     * Like `.then()`, but only takes a rejection handler.
+     */
+    catch: Promise<ResultType>['catch'];
+
+    /** Specifies a `$center` or `$centerSphere` condition. */
+    circle(area: any): this;
+    circle(path: string, area: any): this;
+
+    /** Adds a collation to this op (MongoDB 3.4 and up) */
+    collation(value: mongodb.CollationDocument): this;
+
+    /** Specifies the `comment` option. */
+    comment(val: string): this;
+
+    /** Specifies this query as a `count` query. */
+    count(callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, DocType, THelpers>;
+    count(criteria: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies this query as a `countDocuments` query. */
+    countDocuments(callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, DocType, THelpers>;
+    countDocuments(criteria: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a wrapper around a [mongodb driver cursor](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Cursor.html).
+     * A QueryCursor exposes a Streams3 interface, as well as a `.next()` function.
+     */
+    cursor(options?: any): QueryCursor<DocType>;
+
+    /**
+     * Declare and/or execute this query as a `deleteMany()` operation. Works like
+     * remove, except it deletes _every_ document that matches `filter` in the
+     * collection, regardless of the value of `single`.
+     */
+    deleteMany(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, options?: QueryOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+    deleteMany(filter: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+    deleteMany(callback: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Declare and/or execute this query as a `deleteOne()` operation. Works like
+     * remove, except it deletes at most one document regardless of the `single`
+     * option.
+     */
+    deleteOne(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, options?: QueryOptions, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+    deleteOne(filter: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+    deleteOne(callback: (err: CallbackError, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `distinct` query: returns the distinct values of the given `field` that match `filter`. */
+    distinct(field: string, filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<any>, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$elemMatch` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    elemMatch(val: Function | any): this;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    elemMatch(path: string, val: Function | any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets/sets the error flag on this query. If this flag is not null or
+     * undefined, the `exec()` promise will reject without executing.
+     */
+    error(): NativeError | null;
+    error(val: NativeError | null): this;
+
+    /** Specifies the complementary comparison value for paths specified with `where()` */
+    equals(val: any): this;
+
+    /** Creates a `estimatedDocumentCount` query: counts the number of documents in the collection. */
+    estimatedDocumentCount(options?: QueryOptions, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): QueryWithHelpers<number, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$exists` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    exists(val: boolean): this;
+    exists(path: string, val: boolean): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the [`explain` option](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.explain/),
+     * which makes this query return detailed execution stats instead of the actual
+     * query result. This method is useful for determining what index your queries
+     * use.
+     */
+    explain(verbose?: string): this;
+
+    /** Creates a `find` query: gets a list of documents that match `filter`. */
+    find(callback?: (err: any, docs: DocType[]) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<DocType>, DocType, THelpers>;
+    find(filter: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback?: (err: any, docs: DocType[]) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<DocType>, DocType, THelpers>;
+    find(filter: FilterQuery<DocType>, projection?: any | null, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, docs: DocType[]) => void): QueryWithHelpers<Array<DocType>, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Declares the query a findOne operation. When executed, the first found document is passed to the callback. */
+    findOne(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, projection?: any | null, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, doc: DocType | null) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType | null, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndDelete` query: atomically finds the given document, deletes it, and returns the document as it was before deletion. */
+    findOneAndDelete(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType | null, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndRemove` query: atomically finds the given document and deletes it. */
+    findOneAndRemove(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType | null, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndUpdate` query: atomically find the first document that matches `filter` and apply `update`. */
+    findOneAndUpdate(filter: FilterQuery<DocType>, update: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { rawResult: true }, callback?: (err: any, doc: mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<DocType>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<DocType>, DocType, THelpers>;
+    findOneAndUpdate(filter: FilterQuery<DocType>, update: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { upsert: true } & ReturnsNewDoc, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType, DocType, THelpers>;
+    findOneAndUpdate(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, update?: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType | null, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findByIdAndDelete` query, filtering by the given `_id`. */
+    findByIdAndDelete(id?: mongodb.ObjectId | any, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType | null, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Creates a `findOneAndUpdate` query, filtering by the given `_id`. */
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { rawResult: true }, callback?: (err: any, doc: mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<DocType>, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.FindAndModifyWriteOpResultObject<DocType>, DocType, THelpers>;
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options: QueryOptions & { upsert: true } & ReturnsNewDoc, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType, DocType, THelpers>;
+    findByIdAndUpdate(id?: mongodb.ObjectId | any, update?: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType | null, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<DocType | null, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$geometry` condition */
+    geometry(object: { type: string, coordinates: any[] }): this;
+
+    /**
+     * For update operations, returns the value of a path in the update's `$set`.
+     * Useful for writing getters/setters that can work with both update operations
+     * and `save()`.
+     */
+    get(path: string): any;
+
+    /** Returns the current query filter (also known as conditions) as a POJO. */
+    getFilter(): FilterQuery<DocType>;
+
+    /** Gets query options. */
+    getOptions(): QueryOptions;
+
+    /** Gets a list of paths to be populated by this query */
+    getPopulatedPaths(): Array<string>;
+
+    /** Returns the current query filter. Equivalent to `getFilter()`. */
+    getQuery(): FilterQuery<DocType>;
+
+    /** Returns the current update operations as a JSON object. */
+    getUpdate(): UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline | null;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$gt` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    gt(val: number): this;
+    gt(path: string, val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$gte` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    gte(val: number): this;
+    gte(path: string, val: number): this;
+
+    /** Sets query hints. */
+    hint(val: any): this;
+
+    /** Specifies an `$in` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    in(val: Array<any>): this;
+    in(path: string, val: Array<any>): this;
+
+    /** Declares an intersects query for `geometry()`. */
+    intersects(arg?: any): this;
+
+    /** Requests acknowledgement that this operation has been persisted to MongoDB's on-disk journal. */
+    j(val: boolean | null): this;
+
+    /** Sets the lean option. */
+    lean<LeanResultType = LeanDocumentOrArray<ResultType>>(val?: boolean | any): QueryWithHelpers<LeanResultType, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies the maximum number of documents the query will return. */
+    limit(val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$lt` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    lt(val: number): this;
+    lt(path: string, val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$lte` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    lte(val: number): this;
+    lte(path: string, val: number): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a function `fn` and treats the return value of `fn` as the new value
+     * for the query to resolve to.
+     */
+    map<MappedType>(fn: (doc: DocType) => MappedType): QueryWithHelpers<ResultType extends unknown[] ? MappedType[] : MappedType, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies an `$maxDistance` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    maxDistance(val: number): this;
+    maxDistance(path: string, val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies the maxScan option. */
+    maxScan(val: number): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the [maxTimeMS](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.maxTimeMS/)
+     * option. This will tell the MongoDB server to abort if the query or write op
+     * has been running for more than `ms` milliseconds.
+     */
+    maxTimeMS(ms: number): this;
+
+    /** Merges another Query or conditions object into this one. */
+    merge(source: Query<any, any> | FilterQuery<DocType>): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$mod` condition, filters documents for documents whose `path` property is a number that is equal to `remainder` modulo `divisor`. */
+    mod(val: Array<number>): this;
+    mod(path: string, val: Array<number>): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Getter/setter around the current mongoose-specific options for this query
+     * Below are the current Mongoose-specific options.
+     */
+    mongooseOptions(val?: MongooseQueryOptions): MongooseQueryOptions;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$ne` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    ne(val: any): this;
+    ne(path: string, val: any): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$near` or `$nearSphere` condition */
+    near(val: any): this;
+    near(path: string, val: any): this;
+
+    /** Specifies an `$nin` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    nin(val: Array<any>): this;
+    nin(path: string, val: Array<any>): this;
+
+    /** Specifies arguments for an `$nor` condition. */
+    nor(array: Array<FilterQuery<DocType>>): this;
+
+    /** Specifies arguments for an `$or` condition. */
+    or(array: Array<FilterQuery<DocType>>): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Make this query throw an error if no documents match the given `filter`.
+     * This is handy for integrating with async/await, because `orFail()` saves you
+     * an extra `if` statement to check if no document was found.
+     */
+    orFail(err?: NativeError | (() => NativeError)): QueryWithHelpers<NonNullable<ResultType>, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$polygon` condition */
+    polygon(...coordinatePairs: number[][]): this;
+    polygon(path: string, ...coordinatePairs: number[][]): this;
+
+    /** Specifies paths which should be populated with other documents. */
+    populate(path: string | any, select?: string | any, model?: string | Model<any, THelpers>, match?: any): this;
+    populate(options: PopulateOptions | Array<PopulateOptions>): this;
+
+    /** Get/set the current projection (AKA fields). Pass `null` to remove the current projection. */
+    projection(fields?: any | null): any;
+
+    /** Determines the MongoDB nodes from which to read. */
+    read(pref: string | mongodb.ReadPreferenceMode, tags?: any[]): this;
+
+    /** Sets the readConcern option for the query. */
+    readConcern(level: string): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$regex` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    regex(val: string | RegExp): this;
+    regex(path: string, val: string | RegExp): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Declare and/or execute this query as a remove() operation. `remove()` is
+     * deprecated, you should use [`deleteOne()`](#query_Query-deleteOne)
+     * or [`deleteMany()`](#query_Query-deleteMany) instead.
+     */
+    remove(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: mongodb.WriteOpResult['result']) => void): QueryWithHelpers<mongodb.WriteOpResult['result'], DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Declare and/or execute this query as a replaceOne() operation. Same as
+     * `update()`, except MongoDB will replace the existing document and will
+     * not accept any [atomic](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/model-data-for-atomic-operations/#pattern) operators (`$set`, etc.)
+     */
+    replaceOne(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, replacement?: DocumentDefinition<DocType>, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: any, res: any) => void): QueryWithHelpers<any, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Specifies which document fields to include or exclude (also known as the query "projection") */
+    select(arg: string | any): this;
+
+    /** Determines if field selection has been made. */
+    selected(): boolean;
+
+    /** Determines if exclusive field selection has been made. */
+    selectedExclusively(): boolean;
+
+    /** Determines if inclusive field selection has been made. */
+    selectedInclusively(): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/)
+     * associated with this query. Sessions are how you mark a query as part of a
+     * [transaction](/docs/transactions.html).
+     */
+    session(session: mongodb.ClientSession | null): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a `$set` to this query's update without changing the operation.
+     * This is useful for query middleware so you can add an update regardless
+     * of whether you use `updateOne()`, `updateMany()`, `findOneAndUpdate()`, etc.
+     */
+    set(path: string, value: any): this;
+
+    /** Sets query options. Some options only make sense for certain operations. */
+    setOptions(options: QueryOptions, overwrite?: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Sets the query conditions to the provided JSON object. */
+    setQuery(val: FilterQuery<DocType> | null): void;
+
+    setUpdate(update: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline): void;
+
+    /** Specifies an `$size` query condition. When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used. */
+    size(val: number): this;
+    size(path: string, val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies the number of documents to skip. */
+    skip(val: number): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a `$slice` projection for an array. */
+    slice(val: number | Array<number>): this;
+    slice(path: string, val: number | Array<number>): this;
+
+    /** Specifies this query as a `snapshot` query. */
+    snapshot(val?: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Sets the sort order. If an object is passed, values allowed are `asc`, `desc`, `ascending`, `descending`, `1`, and `-1`. */
+    sort(arg: string | any): this;
+
+    /** Sets the tailable option (for use with capped collections). */
+    tailable(bool?: boolean, opts?: {
+      numberOfRetries?: number;
+      tailableRetryInterval?: number;
+    }): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+     * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+     */
+    then: Promise<ResultType>['then'];
+
+    /** Converts this query to a customized, reusable query constructor with all arguments and options retained. */
+    toConstructor(): new (...args: any[]) => QueryWithHelpers<ResultType, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /** Declare and/or execute this query as an update() operation. */
+    update(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, update?: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: UpdateWriteOpResult) => void): QueryWithHelpers<UpdateWriteOpResult, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Declare and/or execute this query as an updateMany() operation. Same as
+     * `update()`, except MongoDB will update _all_ documents that match
+     * `filter` (as opposed to just the first one) regardless of the value of
+     * the `multi` option.
+     */
+    updateMany(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, update?: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: UpdateWriteOpResult) => void): QueryWithHelpers<UpdateWriteOpResult, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Declare and/or execute this query as an updateOne() operation. Same as
+     * `update()`, except it does not support the `multi` or `overwrite` options.
+     */
+    updateOne(filter?: FilterQuery<DocType>, update?: UpdateQuery<DocType> | UpdateWithAggregationPipeline, options?: QueryOptions | null, callback?: (err: CallbackError, res: UpdateWriteOpResult) => void): QueryWithHelpers<UpdateWriteOpResult, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the specified number of `mongod` servers, or tag set of `mongod` servers,
+     * that must acknowledge this write before this write is considered successful.
+     */
+    w(val: string | number | null): this;
+
+    /** Specifies a path for use with chaining. */
+    where(path: string, val?: any): this;
+    where(obj: object): this;
+    where(): this;
+
+    /** Defines a `$within` or `$geoWithin` argument for geo-spatial queries. */
+    within(val?: any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * If [`w > 1`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-w), the maximum amount of time to
+     * wait for this write to propagate through the replica set before this
+     * operation fails. The default is `0`, which means no timeout.
+     */
+    wtimeout(ms: number): this;
+  }
+
+  type _FilterQuery<T> = {
+    [P in keyof T]?: P extends '_id'
+    ? [Extract<T[P], mongodb.ObjectId>] extends [never]
+    ? mongodb.Condition<T[P]>
+    : mongodb.Condition<T[P] | string | { _id: mongodb.ObjectId }>
+    : [Extract<T[P], mongodb.ObjectId>] extends [never]
+    ? mongodb.Condition<T[P]>
+    : mongodb.Condition<T[P] | string>;
+  } &
+    mongodb.RootQuerySelector<T>;
+
+  export type FilterQuery<T> = _FilterQuery<DocumentDefinition<T>>;
+
+  type NumericTypes = number | mongodb.Decimal128 | mongodb.Double | mongodb.Int32 | mongodb.Long;
+
+  type KeysOfAType<TSchema, Type> = {
+    [key in keyof TSchema]: NonNullable<TSchema[key]> extends Type ? key : never;
+  }[keyof TSchema];
+
+  type PullOperator<TSchema> = {
+    [key in KeysOfAType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>>]?:
+        | Partial<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>
+        | mongodb.ObjectQuerySelector<Unpacked<TSchema[key]>>
+        // Doesn't look like TypeScript has good support for creating an
+        // object containing dotted keys:
+        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58434389/typescript-deep-keyof-of-a-nested-object
+        | mongodb.QuerySelector<any>
+        | any;
+  } | any; // Because TS doesn't have good support for creating an object with dotted keys, including `.$.` re: #10075
+
+  /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update */
+  type _UpdateQuery<TSchema> = {
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update-field/ */
+    $currentDate?: mongodb.OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, NativeDate | mongodb.Timestamp, true | { $type: 'date' | 'timestamp' }> | any;
+    $inc?: mongodb.OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, NumericTypes | undefined> | any;
+    $min?: mongodb.MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $max?: mongodb.MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $mul?: mongodb.OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, NumericTypes | undefined> | any;
+    $rename?: { [key: string]: string };
+    $set?: mongodb.MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $setOnInsert?: mongodb.MatchKeysAndValues<TSchema>;
+    $unset?: mongodb.OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, any, any> | any;
+
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update-array/ */
+    $addToSet?: mongodb.SetFields<TSchema> | any;
+    $pop?: mongodb.OnlyFieldsOfType<TSchema, ReadonlyArray<any>, 1 | -1> | any;
+    $pull?: PullOperator<TSchema>;
+    $push?: mongodb.PushOperator<TSchema> | any;
+    $pullAll?: mongodb.PullAllOperator<TSchema> | any;
+
+    /** @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update-bitwise/ */
+    $bit?: {
+      [key: string]: { [key in 'and' | 'or' | 'xor']?: number };
+    };
+  };
+
+  type UpdateWithAggregationPipeline = UpdateAggregationStage[];
+  type UpdateAggregationStage = { $addFields: any } |
+    { $set: any } |
+    { $project: any } |
+    { $unset: any } |
+    { $replaceRoot: any } |
+    { $replaceWith: any };
+
+  export type UpdateQuery<T> = (_UpdateQuery<DocumentDefinition<T>> & mongodb.MatchKeysAndValues<DocumentDefinition<T>>);
+
+  type _AllowStringsForIds<T> = {
+    [K in keyof T]: [Extract<T[K], mongodb.ObjectId>] extends [never] ? T[K] : T[K] | string;
+  };
+  export type DocumentDefinition<T> = _AllowStringsForIds<LeanDocument<T>>;
+
+  type actualPrimitives = string | boolean | number | bigint | symbol | null | undefined;
+  type TreatAsPrimitives = actualPrimitives |
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
+    Date | RegExp | symbol | Error | BigInt | Types.ObjectId;
+
+  type LeanType<T> =
+    0 extends (1 & T) ? T : // any
+    T extends TreatAsPrimitives ? T : // primitives
+    LeanDocument<T>; // Documents and everything else
+
+  type LeanArray<T extends unknown[]> = T extends unknown[][] ? LeanArray<T[number]>[] : LeanType<T[number]>[];
+
+  export type _LeanDocument<T> = {
+    [K in keyof T]:
+    0 extends (1 & T[K]) ? T[K] : // any
+    T[K] extends unknown[] ? LeanArray<T[K]> : // Array
+    T[K] extends Document ? LeanDocument<T[K]> : // Subdocument
+    T[K];
+  };
+
+  export type LeanDocument<T> = Omit<_LeanDocument<T>, Exclude<keyof Document, '_id' | 'id' | '__v'> | '$isSingleNested'>;
+
+  export type LeanDocumentOrArray<T> = 0 extends (1 & T) ? T :
+    T extends unknown[] ? LeanDocument<T[number]>[] :
+    T extends Document ? LeanDocument<T> :
+    T;
+
+  class QueryCursor<DocType extends Document> extends stream.Readable {
+    [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<DocType>;
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a [cursor flag](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Cursor.html#addCursorFlag).
+     * Useful for setting the `noCursorTimeout` and `tailable` flags.
+     */
+    addCursorFlag(flag: string, value: boolean): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Marks this cursor as closed. Will stop streaming and subsequent calls to
+     * `next()` will error.
+     */
+    close(): Promise<void>;
+    close(callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Execute `fn` for every document(s) in the cursor. If batchSize is provided
+     * `fn` will be executed for each batch of documents. If `fn` returns a promise,
+     * will wait for the promise to resolve before iterating on to the next one.
+     * Returns a promise that resolves when done.
+     */
+    eachAsync(fn: (doc: DocType) => any, options?: { parallel?: number }): Promise<void>;
+    eachAsync(fn: (doc: DocType[]) => any, options: { parallel?: number, batchSize: number }): Promise<void>;
+    eachAsync(fn: (doc: DocType) => any, options?: { parallel?: number, batchSize?: number }, cb?: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+    eachAsync(fn: (doc: DocType[]) => any, options: { parallel?: number, batchSize: number }, cb?: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a transform function which subsequently maps documents retrieved
+     * via the streams interface or `.next()`
+     */
+    map<ResultType extends Document>(fn: (res: DocType) => ResultType): QueryCursor<ResultType>;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the next document from this cursor. Will return `null` when there are
+     * no documents left.
+     */
+    next(): Promise<DocType>;
+    next(callback: (err: CallbackError, doc: DocType | null) => void): void;
+
+    options: any;
+  }
+
+  class Aggregate<R> {
+    /**
+     * Sets an option on this aggregation. This function will be deprecated in a
+     * future release. */
+    addCursorFlag(flag: string, value: boolean): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a new $addFields operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+     * Requires MongoDB v3.4+ to work
+     */
+    addFields(arg: any): this;
+
+    /** Sets the allowDiskUse option for the aggregation query (ignored for < 2.6.0) */
+    allowDiskUse(value: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Appends new operators to this aggregate pipeline */
+    append(...args: any[]): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+     * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+     * Like [`.then()`](#query_Query-then), but only takes a rejection handler.
+     */
+    catch: Promise<R>['catch'];
+
+    /** Adds a collation. */
+    collation(options: mongodb.CollationDocument): this;
+
+    /** Appends a new $count operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    count(countName: string): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the cursor option for the aggregation query (ignored for < 2.6.0).
+     */
+    cursor(options?: Record<string, unknown>): this;
+
+    /** Executes the aggregate pipeline on the currently bound Model. If cursor option is set, returns a cursor */
+    exec(callback?: (err: any, result: R) => void): Promise<R> | any;
+
+    /** Execute the aggregation with explain */
+    explain(callback?: (err: CallbackError, result: any) => void): Promise<any>;
+
+    /** Combines multiple aggregation pipelines. */
+    facet(options: any): this;
+
+    /** Appends new custom $graphLookup operator(s) to this aggregate pipeline, performing a recursive search on a collection. */
+    graphLookup(options: any): this;
+
+    /** Appends new custom $group operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    group(arg: any): this;
+
+    /** Sets the hint option for the aggregation query (ignored for < 3.6.0) */
+    hint(value: Record<string, unknown> | string): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a new $limit operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+     * @param num maximum number of records to pass to the next stage
+     */
+    limit(num: number): this;
+
+    /** Appends new custom $lookup operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    lookup(options: any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a new custom $match operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+     * @param arg $match operator contents
+     */
+    match(arg: any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Binds this aggregate to a model.
+     * @param model the model to which the aggregate is to be bound
+     */
+    model(model: any): this;
+
+    /** Returns the current pipeline */
+    pipeline(): any[];
+
+    /** Appends a new $project operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    project(arg: string | Object): this;
+
+    /** Sets the readPreference option for the aggregation query. */
+    read(pref: string | mongodb.ReadPreferenceMode, tags?: any[]): this;
+
+    /** Sets the readConcern level for the aggregation query. */
+    readConcern(level: string): this;
+
+    /** Appends a new $redact operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    redact(expression: any, thenExpr: string | any, elseExpr: string | any): this;
+
+    /** Appends a new $replaceRoot operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    replaceRoot(newRoot: object | string): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for [Atlas Text Search](https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/atlas-search/tutorial/)'s
+     * `$search` stage.
+     */
+    search(options: any): this;
+
+    /** Lets you set arbitrary options, for middleware or plugins. */
+    option(value: Record<string, unknown>): this;
+
+    /** Appends new custom $sample operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    sample(size: number): this;
+
+    /** Sets the session for this aggregation. Useful for [transactions](/docs/transactions.html). */
+    session(session: mongodb.ClientSession | null): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a new $skip operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+     * @param num number of records to skip before next stage
+     */
+    skip(num: number): this;
+
+    /** Appends a new $sort operator to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    sort(arg: any): this;
+
+    /** Provides promise for aggregate. */
+    then: Promise<R>['then'];
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a new $sortByCount operator to this aggregate pipeline. Accepts either a string field name
+     * or a pipeline object.
+     */
+    sortByCount(arg: string | any): this;
+
+    /** Appends new custom $unwind operator(s) to this aggregate pipeline. */
+    unwind(...args: any[]): this;
+  }
+
+  class AggregationCursor extends stream.Readable {
+    /**
+     * Adds a [cursor flag](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Cursor.html#addCursorFlag).
+     * Useful for setting the `noCursorTimeout` and `tailable` flags.
+     */
+    addCursorFlag(flag: string, value: boolean): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Marks this cursor as closed. Will stop streaming and subsequent calls to
+     * `next()` will error.
+     */
+    close(): Promise<void>;
+    close(callback: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Execute `fn` for every document(s) in the cursor. If batchSize is provided
+     * `fn` will be executed for each batch of documents. If `fn` returns a promise,
+     * will wait for the promise to resolve before iterating on to the next one.
+     * Returns a promise that resolves when done.
+     */
+    eachAsync(fn: (doc: any) => any, options?: { parallel?: number, batchSize?: number }): Promise<void>;
+    eachAsync(fn: (doc: any) => any, options?: { parallel?: number, batchSize?: number }, cb?: (err: CallbackError) => void): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a transform function which subsequently maps documents retrieved
+     * via the streams interface or `.next()`
+     */
+    map(fn: (res: any) => any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the next document from this cursor. Will return `null` when there are
+     * no documents left.
+     */
+    next(): Promise<any>;
+    next(callback: (err: CallbackError, doc: any) => void): void;
+  }
+
+  class SchemaType {
+    /** SchemaType constructor */
+    constructor(path: string, options?: any, instance?: string);
+
+    /** Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to this type. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    static cast(caster?: Function | boolean): Function;
+
+    static checkRequired(checkRequired?: (v: any) => boolean): (v: any) => boolean;
+
+    /** Sets a default option for this schema type. */
+    static set(option: string, value: any): void;
+
+    /** Attaches a getter for all instances of this schema type. */
+    static get(getter: (value: any) => any): void;
+
+    /** The class that Mongoose uses internally to instantiate this SchemaType's `options` property. */
+    OptionsConstructor: typeof SchemaTypeOptions;
+
+    /** Cast `val` to this schema type. Each class that inherits from schema type should implement this function. */
+    cast(val: any, doc: Document<any>, init: boolean, prev?: any, options?: any): any;
+
+    /** Sets a default value for this SchemaType. */
+    default(val: any): any;
+
+    /** Adds a getter to this schematype. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    get(fn: Function): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Defines this path as immutable. Mongoose prevents you from changing
+     * immutable paths unless the parent document has [`isNew: true`](/docs/api.html#document_Document-isNew).
+     */
+    immutable(bool: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Declares the index options for this schematype. */
+    index(options: any): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Set the model that this path refers to. This is the option that [populate](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html)
+     * looks at to determine the foreign collection it should query.
+     */
+    ref(ref: string | boolean | Model<any>): this;
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a required validator to this SchemaType. The validator gets added
+     * to the front of this SchemaType's validators array using unshift().
+     */
+    required(required: boolean, message?: string): this;
+
+    /** Sets default select() behavior for this path. */
+    select(val: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Adds a setter to this schematype. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    set(fn: Function): this;
+
+    /** Declares a sparse index. */
+    sparse(bool: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Declares a full text index. */
+    text(bool: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Defines a custom function for transforming this path when converting a document to JSON. */
+    transform(fn: (value: any) => any): this;
+
+    /** Declares an unique index. */
+    unique(bool: boolean): this;
+
+    /** Adds validator(s) for this document path. */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
+    validate(obj: RegExp | Function | any, errorMsg?: string,
+      type?: string): this;
+  }
+
+  class NativeError extends global.Error { }
+  type CallbackError = NativeError | null;
+
+  class Error extends global.Error {
+    constructor(msg: string);
+
+    /** The type of error. "MongooseError" for generic errors. */
+    name: string;
+
+    static messages: any;
+
+    static Messages: any;
+  }
+
+  namespace Error {
+    export class CastError extends Error {
+      name: 'CastError';
+      stringValue: string;
+      kind: string;
+      value: any;
+      path: string;
+      reason?: NativeError | null;
+      model?: any;
+
+      constructor(type: string, value: any, path: string, reason?: NativeError, schemaType?: SchemaType);
+    }
+
+    export class DisconnectedError extends Error {
+      name: 'DisconnectedError';
+    }
+
+    export class DivergentArrayError extends Error {
+      name: 'DivergentArrayError';
+    }
+
+    export class MissingSchemaError extends Error {
+      name: 'MissingSchemaError';
+    }
+
+    export class DocumentNotFoundError extends Error {
+      name: 'DocumentNotFoundError';
+      result: any;
+      numAffected: number;
+      filter: any;
+      query: any;
+    }
+
+    export class ObjectExpectedError extends Error {
+      name: 'ObjectExpectedError';
+      path: string;
+    }
+
+    export class ObjectParameterError extends Error {
+      name: 'ObjectParameterError';
+    }
+
+    export class OverwriteModelError extends Error {
+      name: 'OverwriteModelError';
+    }
+
+    export class ParallelSaveError extends Error {
+      name: 'ParallelSaveError';
+    }
+
+    export class ParallelValidateError extends Error {
+      name: 'ParallelValidateError';
+    }
+
+    export class MongooseServerSelectionError extends Error {
+      name: 'MongooseServerSelectionError';
+    }
+
+    export class StrictModeError extends Error {
+      name: 'StrictModeError';
+      isImmutableError: boolean;
+      path: string;
+    }
+
+    export class ValidationError extends Error {
+      name: 'ValidationError';
+
+      errors: { [path: string]: ValidatorError | CastError | ValidationError };
+    }
+
+    export class ValidatorError extends Error {
+      name: 'ValidatorError';
+      properties: {
+        message: string,
+        type?: string,
+        path?: string,
+        value?: any,
+        reason?: any
+      };
+      kind: string;
+      path: string;
+      value: any;
+      reason?: Error | null;
+    }
+
+    export class VersionError extends Error {
+      name: 'VersionError';
+      version: number;
+      modifiedPaths: Array<string>;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Deprecated types for backwards compatibility. */
+
+  /** Alias for QueryOptions for backwards compatability. */
+  type ModelUpdateOptions = QueryOptions;
+
+  type DocumentQuery<ResultType, DocType extends Document, THelpers = {}> = Query<ResultType, DocType, THelpers>;
+
+  /** Backwards support for DefinitelyTyped */
+  interface HookSyncCallback<T> {
+    (this: T, next: HookNextFunction, docs: any[]): Promise<any> | void;
+  }
+
+  interface HookAsyncCallback<T> {
+    (this: T, next: HookNextFunction, done: HookDoneFunction, docs: any[]): Promise<any> | void;
+  }
+
+  interface HookErrorCallback {
+    (error?: Error): any;
+  }
+
+  interface HookNextFunction {
+    (error?: Error): any;
+  }
+
+  interface HookDoneFunction {
+    (error?: Error): any;
+  }
+
+  export type SchemaTypeOpts<T> = SchemaTypeOptions<T>;
+  export type ConnectionOptions = ConnectOptions;
+
+  /* for ts-mongoose */
+  class mquery {}
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a938b443d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+/**
+ * Export lib/mongoose
+ *
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = require('./lib/');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/aggregate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/aggregate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f3251e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/aggregate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1161 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies
+ */
+
+const AggregationCursor = require('./cursor/AggregationCursor');
+const Query = require('./query');
+const applyGlobalMaxTimeMS = require('./helpers/query/applyGlobalMaxTimeMS');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('./helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const stringifyFunctionOperators = require('./helpers/aggregate/stringifyFunctionOperators');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+const read = Query.prototype.read;
+const readConcern = Query.prototype.readConcern;
+
+/**
+ * Aggregate constructor used for building aggregation pipelines. Do not
+ * instantiate this class directly, use [Model.aggregate()](/docs/api.html#model_Model.aggregate) instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const aggregate = Model.aggregate([
+ *       { $project: { a: 1, b: 1 } },
+ *       { $skip: 5 }
+ *     ]);
+ *
+ *     Model.
+ *       aggregate([{ $match: { age: { $gte: 21 }}}]).
+ *       unwind('tags').
+ *       exec(callback);
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * - The documents returned are plain javascript objects, not mongoose documents (since any shape of document can be returned).
+ * - Mongoose does **not** cast pipeline stages. The below will **not** work unless `_id` is a string in the database
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ *   new Aggregate([{ $match: { _id: '00000000000000000000000a' } }]);
+ *   // Do this instead to cast to an ObjectId
+ *   new Aggregate([{ $match: { _id: mongoose.Types.ObjectId('00000000000000000000000a') } }]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see MongoDB http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/aggregation/
+ * @see driver http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/api-generated/collection.html#aggregate
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline] aggregation pipeline as an array of objects
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Aggregate(pipeline) {
+  this._pipeline = [];
+  this._model = undefined;
+  this.options = {};
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && util.isArray(pipeline)) {
+    this.append.apply(this, pipeline);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Contains options passed down to the [aggregate command](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/aggregate/).
+ * Supported options are:
+ *
+ * - `readPreference`
+ * - [`cursor`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-cursor)
+ * - [`explain`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-explain)
+ * - [`allowDiskUse`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-allowDiskUse)
+ * - `maxTimeMS`
+ * - `bypassDocumentValidation`
+ * - `raw`
+ * - `promoteLongs`
+ * - `promoteValues`
+ * - `promoteBuffers`
+ * - [`collation`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-collation)
+ * - `comment`
+ * - [`session`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-session)
+ *
+ * @property options
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.options;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the model that this aggregation will execute on.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const aggregate = MyModel.aggregate([{ $match: { answer: 42 } }]);
+ *     aggregate.model() === MyModel; // true
+ *
+ *     // Change the model. There's rarely any reason to do this.
+ *     aggregate.model(SomeOtherModel);
+ *     aggregate.model() === SomeOtherModel; // true
+ *
+ * @param {Model} [model] the model to which the aggregate is to be bound
+ * @return {Aggregate|Model} if model is passed, will return `this`, otherwise will return the model
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.model = function(model) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._model;
+  }
+
+  this._model = model;
+  if (model.schema != null) {
+    if (this.options.readPreference == null &&
+        model.schema.options.read != null) {
+      this.options.readPreference = model.schema.options.read;
+    }
+    if (this.options.collation == null &&
+        model.schema.options.collation != null) {
+      this.options.collation = model.schema.options.collation;
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends new operators to this aggregate pipeline
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.append({ $project: { field: 1 }}, { $limit: 2 });
+ *
+ *     // or pass an array
+ *     const pipeline = [{ $match: { daw: 'Logic Audio X' }} ];
+ *     aggregate.append(pipeline);
+ *
+ * @param {Object} ops operator(s) to append
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.append = function() {
+  const args = (arguments.length === 1 && util.isArray(arguments[0]))
+    ? arguments[0]
+    : utils.args(arguments);
+
+  if (!args.every(isOperator)) {
+    throw new Error('Arguments must be aggregate pipeline operators');
+  }
+
+  this._pipeline = this._pipeline.concat(args);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $addFields operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ * Requires MongoDB v3.4+ to work
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+  *
+ *     // adding new fields based on existing fields
+ *     aggregate.addFields({
+ *         newField: '$b.nested'
+ *       , plusTen: { $add: ['$val', 10]}
+ *       , sub: {
+ *            name: '$a'
+ *         }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // etc
+ *     aggregate.addFields({ salary_k: { $divide: [ "$salary", 1000 ] } });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} arg field specification
+ * @see $addFields https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/addFields/
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+Aggregate.prototype.addFields = function(arg) {
+  const fields = {};
+  if (typeof arg === 'object' && !util.isArray(arg)) {
+    Object.keys(arg).forEach(function(field) {
+      fields[field] = arg[field];
+    });
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('Invalid addFields() argument. Must be an object');
+  }
+  return this.append({ $addFields: fields });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $project operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * Mongoose query [selection syntax](#query_Query-select) is also supported.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     // include a, include b, exclude _id
+ *     aggregate.project("a b -_id");
+ *
+ *     // or you may use object notation, useful when
+ *     // you have keys already prefixed with a "-"
+ *     aggregate.project({a: 1, b: 1, _id: 0});
+ *
+ *     // reshaping documents
+ *     aggregate.project({
+ *         newField: '$b.nested'
+ *       , plusTen: { $add: ['$val', 10]}
+ *       , sub: {
+ *            name: '$a'
+ *         }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // etc
+ *     aggregate.project({ salary_k: { $divide: [ "$salary", 1000 ] } });
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String} arg field specification
+ * @see projection http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/project/
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.project = function(arg) {
+  const fields = {};
+
+  if (typeof arg === 'object' && !util.isArray(arg)) {
+    Object.keys(arg).forEach(function(field) {
+      fields[field] = arg[field];
+    });
+  } else if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof arg === 'string') {
+    arg.split(/\s+/).forEach(function(field) {
+      if (!field) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const include = field[0] === '-' ? 0 : 1;
+      if (include === 0) {
+        field = field.substring(1);
+      }
+      fields[field] = include;
+    });
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('Invalid project() argument. Must be string or object');
+  }
+
+  return this.append({ $project: fields });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new custom $group operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.group({ _id: "$department" });
+ *
+ * @see $group http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/group/
+ * @method group
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} arg $group operator contents
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new custom $match operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.match({ department: { $in: [ "sales", "engineering" ] } });
+ *
+ * @see $match http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/match/
+ * @method match
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} arg $match operator contents
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $skip operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.skip(10);
+ *
+ * @see $skip http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/skip/
+ * @method skip
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Number} num number of records to skip before next stage
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $limit operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.limit(10);
+ *
+ * @see $limit http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/limit/
+ * @method limit
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Number} num maximum number of records to pass to the next stage
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $geoNear operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * **MUST** be used as the first operator in the pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.near({
+ *       near: [40.724, -73.997],
+ *       distanceField: "dist.calculated", // required
+ *       maxDistance: 0.008,
+ *       query: { type: "public" },
+ *       includeLocs: "dist.location",
+ *       uniqueDocs: true,
+ *       num: 5
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @see $geoNear http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/geoNear/
+ * @method near
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} arg
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.near = function(arg) {
+  const op = {};
+  op.$geoNear = arg;
+  return this.append(op);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * define methods
+ */
+
+'group match skip limit out'.split(' ').forEach(function($operator) {
+  Aggregate.prototype[$operator] = function(arg) {
+    const op = {};
+    op['$' + $operator] = arg;
+    return this.append(op);
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Appends new custom $unwind operator(s) to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * Note that the `$unwind` operator requires the path name to start with '$'.
+ * Mongoose will prepend '$' if the specified field doesn't start '$'.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.unwind("tags");
+ *     aggregate.unwind("a", "b", "c");
+ *     aggregate.unwind({ path: '$tags', preserveNullAndEmptyArrays: true });
+ *
+ * @see $unwind http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/unwind/
+ * @param {String|Object} fields the field(s) to unwind, either as field names or as [objects with options](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/unwind/#document-operand-with-options). If passing a string, prefixing the field name with '$' is optional. If passing an object, `path` must start with '$'.
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.unwind = function() {
+  const args = utils.args(arguments);
+
+  const res = [];
+  for (const arg of args) {
+    if (arg && typeof arg === 'object') {
+      res.push({ $unwind: arg });
+    } else if (typeof arg === 'string') {
+      res.push({
+        $unwind: (arg && arg.startsWith('$')) ? arg : '$' + arg
+      });
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Invalid arg "' + arg + '" to unwind(), ' +
+        'must be string or object');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this.append.apply(this, res);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $replaceRoot operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * Note that the `$replaceRoot` operator requires field strings to start with '$'.
+ * If you are passing in a string Mongoose will prepend '$' if the specified field doesn't start '$'.
+ * If you are passing in an object the strings in your expression will not be altered.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.replaceRoot("user");
+ *
+ *     aggregate.replaceRoot({ x: { $concat: ['$this', '$that'] } });
+ *
+ * @see $replaceRoot https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/replaceRoot
+ * @param {String|Object} the field or document which will become the new root document
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.replaceRoot = function(newRoot) {
+  let ret;
+
+  if (typeof newRoot === 'string') {
+    ret = newRoot.startsWith('$') ? newRoot : '$' + newRoot;
+  } else {
+    ret = newRoot;
+  }
+
+  return this.append({
+    $replaceRoot: {
+      newRoot: ret
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $count operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.count("userCount");
+ *
+ * @see $count https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/count
+ * @param {String} the name of the count field
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.count = function(countName) {
+  return this.append({ $count: countName });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $sortByCount operator to this aggregate pipeline. Accepts either a string field name
+ * or a pipeline object.
+ *
+ * Note that the `$sortByCount` operator requires the new root to start with '$'.
+ * Mongoose will prepend '$' if the specified field name doesn't start with '$'.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.sortByCount('users');
+ *     aggregate.sortByCount({ $mergeObjects: [ "$employee", "$business" ] })
+ *
+ * @see $sortByCount https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/sortByCount/
+ * @param {Object|String} arg
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.sortByCount = function(arg) {
+  if (arg && typeof arg === 'object') {
+    return this.append({ $sortByCount: arg });
+  } else if (typeof arg === 'string') {
+    return this.append({
+      $sortByCount: (arg && arg.startsWith('$')) ? arg : '$' + arg
+    });
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid arg "' + arg + '" to sortByCount(), ' +
+      'must be string or object');
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends new custom $lookup operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.lookup({ from: 'users', localField: 'userId', foreignField: '_id', as: 'users' });
+ *
+ * @see $lookup https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/lookup/#pipe._S_lookup
+ * @param {Object} options to $lookup as described in the above link
+ * @return {Aggregate}* @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.lookup = function(options) {
+  return this.append({ $lookup: options });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends new custom $graphLookup operator(s) to this aggregate pipeline, performing a recursive search on a collection.
+ *
+ * Note that graphLookup can only consume at most 100MB of memory, and does not allow disk use even if `{ allowDiskUse: true }` is specified.
+ *
+ * #### Examples:
+ *      // Suppose we have a collection of courses, where a document might look like `{ _id: 0, name: 'Calculus', prerequisite: 'Trigonometry'}` and `{ _id: 0, name: 'Trigonometry', prerequisite: 'Algebra' }`
+ *      aggregate.graphLookup({ from: 'courses', startWith: '$prerequisite', connectFromField: 'prerequisite', connectToField: 'name', as: 'prerequisites', maxDepth: 3 }) // this will recursively search the 'courses' collection up to 3 prerequisites
+ *
+ * @see $graphLookup https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/graphLookup/#pipe._S_graphLookup
+ * @param {Object} options to $graphLookup as described in the above link
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.graphLookup = function(options) {
+  const cloneOptions = {};
+  if (options) {
+    if (!utils.isObject(options)) {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid graphLookup() argument. Must be an object.');
+    }
+
+    utils.mergeClone(cloneOptions, options);
+    const startWith = cloneOptions.startWith;
+
+    if (startWith && typeof startWith === 'string') {
+      cloneOptions.startWith = cloneOptions.startWith.startsWith('$') ?
+        cloneOptions.startWith :
+        '$' + cloneOptions.startWith;
+    }
+
+  }
+  return this.append({ $graphLookup: cloneOptions });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends new custom $sample operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.sample(3); // Add a pipeline that picks 3 random documents
+ *
+ * @see $sample https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/sample/#pipe._S_sample
+ * @param {Number} size number of random documents to pick
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.sample = function(size) {
+  return this.append({ $sample: { size: size } });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $sort operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed, values allowed are `asc`, `desc`, `ascending`, `descending`, `1`, and `-1`.
+ *
+ * If a string is passed, it must be a space delimited list of path names. The sort order of each path is ascending unless the path name is prefixed with `-` which will be treated as descending.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     // these are equivalent
+ *     aggregate.sort({ field: 'asc', test: -1 });
+ *     aggregate.sort('field -test');
+ *
+ * @see $sort http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/sort/
+ * @param {Object|String} arg
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.sort = function(arg) {
+  // TODO refactor to reuse the query builder logic
+
+  const sort = {};
+
+  if (arg.constructor.name === 'Object') {
+    const desc = ['desc', 'descending', -1];
+    Object.keys(arg).forEach(function(field) {
+      // If sorting by text score, skip coercing into 1/-1
+      if (arg[field] instanceof Object && arg[field].$meta) {
+        sort[field] = arg[field];
+        return;
+      }
+      sort[field] = desc.indexOf(arg[field]) === -1 ? 1 : -1;
+    });
+  } else if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof arg === 'string') {
+    arg.split(/\s+/).forEach(function(field) {
+      if (!field) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const ascend = field[0] === '-' ? -1 : 1;
+      if (ascend === -1) {
+        field = field.substring(1);
+      }
+      sort[field] = ascend;
+    });
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid sort() argument. Must be a string or object.');
+  }
+
+  return this.append({ $sort: sort });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the readPreference option for the aggregation query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(..).read('primaryPreferred').exec(callback)
+ *
+ * @param {String} pref one of the listed preference options or their aliases
+ * @param {Array} [tags] optional tags for this query
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference
+ * @see driver http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/anintroductionto1_1and2_2.html#read-preferences
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.read = function(pref, tags) {
+  if (!this.options) {
+    this.options = {};
+  }
+  read.call(this, pref, tags);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the readConcern level for the aggregation query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(..).readConcern('majority').exec(callback)
+ *
+ * @param {String} level one of the listed read concern level or their aliases
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.readConcern = function(level) {
+  if (!this.options) {
+    this.options = {};
+  }
+  readConcern.call(this, level);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Appends a new $redact operator to this aggregate pipeline.
+ *
+ * If 3 arguments are supplied, Mongoose will wrap them with if-then-else of $cond operator respectively
+ * If `thenExpr` or `elseExpr` is string, make sure it starts with $$, like `$$DESCEND`, `$$PRUNE` or `$$KEEP`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(...)
+ *      .redact({
+ *        $cond: {
+ *          if: { $eq: [ '$level', 5 ] },
+ *          then: '$$PRUNE',
+ *          else: '$$DESCEND'
+ *        }
+ *      })
+ *      .exec();
+ *
+ *     // $redact often comes with $cond operator, you can also use the following syntax provided by mongoose
+ *     Model.aggregate(...)
+ *      .redact({ $eq: [ '$level', 5 ] }, '$$PRUNE', '$$DESCEND')
+ *      .exec();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} expression redact options or conditional expression
+ * @param {String|Object} [thenExpr] true case for the condition
+ * @param {String|Object} [elseExpr] false case for the condition
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @see $redact https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/redact/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.redact = function(expression, thenExpr, elseExpr) {
+  if (arguments.length === 3) {
+    if ((typeof thenExpr === 'string' && !thenExpr.startsWith('$$')) ||
+        (typeof elseExpr === 'string' && !elseExpr.startsWith('$$'))) {
+      throw new Error('If thenExpr or elseExpr is string, it must start with $$. e.g. $$DESCEND, $$PRUNE, $$KEEP');
+    }
+
+    expression = {
+      $cond: {
+        if: expression,
+        then: thenExpr,
+        else: elseExpr
+      }
+    };
+  } else if (arguments.length !== 1) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid arguments');
+  }
+
+  return this.append({ $redact: expression });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute the aggregation with explain
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(..).explain(callback)
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.explain = function(callback) {
+  const model = this._model;
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    if (!this._pipeline.length) {
+      const err = new Error('Aggregate has empty pipeline');
+      return cb(err);
+    }
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorPipeline(this);
+
+    model.hooks.execPre('aggregate', this, error => {
+      if (error) {
+        const _opts = { error: error };
+        return model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [null], _opts, error => {
+          cb(error);
+        });
+      }
+
+      this.options.explain = true;
+
+      model.collection.
+        aggregate(this._pipeline, this.options || {}).
+        explain((error, result) => {
+          const _opts = { error: error };
+          return model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [result], _opts, error => {
+            if (error) {
+              return cb(error);
+            }
+            return cb(null, result);
+          });
+        });
+    });
+  }, model.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the allowDiskUse option for the aggregation query (ignored for < 2.6.0)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     await Model.aggregate([{ $match: { foo: 'bar' } }]).allowDiskUse(true);
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} value Should tell server it can use hard drive to store data during aggregation.
+ * @param {Array} [tags] optional tags for this query
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.allowDiskUse = function(value) {
+  this.options.allowDiskUse = value;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the hint option for the aggregation query (ignored for < 3.6.0)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(..).hint({ qty: 1, category: 1 }).exec(callback)
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String} value a hint object or the index name
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.hint = function(value) {
+  this.options.hint = value;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the session for this aggregation. Useful for [transactions](/docs/transactions.html).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const session = await Model.startSession();
+ *     await Model.aggregate(..).session(session);
+ *
+ * @param {ClientSession} session
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.session = function(session) {
+  if (session == null) {
+    delete this.options.session;
+  } else {
+    this.options.session = session;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Lets you set arbitrary options, for middleware or plugins.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const agg = Model.aggregate(..).option({ allowDiskUse: true }); // Set the `allowDiskUse` option
+ *     agg.options; // `{ allowDiskUse: true }`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options keys to merge into current options
+ * @param [options.maxTimeMS] number limits the time this aggregation will run, see [MongoDB docs on `maxTimeMS`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/meta/maxTimeMS/)
+ * @param [options.allowDiskUse] boolean if true, the MongoDB server will use the hard drive to store data during this aggregation
+ * @param [options.collation] object see [`Aggregate.prototype.collation()`](./docs/api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-collation)
+ * @param [options.session] ClientSession see [`Aggregate.prototype.session()`](./docs/api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-session)
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.option = function(value) {
+  for (const key in value) {
+    this.options[key] = value[key];
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the cursor option option for the aggregation query (ignored for < 2.6.0).
+ * Note the different syntax below: .exec() returns a cursor object, and no callback
+ * is necessary.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const cursor = Model.aggregate(..).cursor({ batchSize: 1000 }).exec();
+ *     cursor.eachAsync(function(doc, i) {
+ *       // use doc
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Number} options.batchSize set the cursor batch size
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useMongooseAggCursor] use experimental mongoose-specific aggregation cursor (for `eachAsync()` and other query cursor semantics)
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ * @see mongodb http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/AggregationCursor.html
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.cursor = function(options) {
+  if (!this.options) {
+    this.options = {};
+  }
+  this.options.cursor = options || {};
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets an option on this aggregation. This function will be deprecated in a
+ * future release. Use the [`cursor()`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-cursor),
+ * [`collation()`](./api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-collation), etc. helpers to
+ * set individual options, or access `agg.options` directly.
+ *
+ * Note that MongoDB aggregations [do **not** support the `noCursorTimeout` flag](https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-6036),
+ * if you try setting that flag with this function you will get a "unrecognized field 'noCursorTimeout'" error.
+ *
+ * @param {String} flag
+ * @param {Boolean} value
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ * @deprecated Use [`.option()`](api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-option) instead. Note that MongoDB aggregations do **not** support a `noCursorTimeout` option.
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.addCursorFlag = util.deprecate(function(flag, value) {
+  if (!this.options) {
+    this.options = {};
+  }
+  this.options[flag] = value;
+  return this;
+}, 'Mongoose: `Aggregate#addCursorFlag()` is deprecated, use `option()` instead');
+
+/**
+ * Adds a collation
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(..).collation({ locale: 'en_US', strength: 1 }).exec();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} collation options
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @api public
+ * @see mongodb http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#aggregate
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.collation = function(collation) {
+  if (!this.options) {
+    this.options = {};
+  }
+  this.options.collation = collation;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Combines multiple aggregation pipelines.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(...)
+ *      .facet({
+ *        books: [{ groupBy: '$author' }],
+ *        price: [{ $bucketAuto: { groupBy: '$price', buckets: 2 } }]
+ *      })
+ *      .exec();
+ *
+ *     // Output: { books: [...], price: [{...}, {...}] }
+ *
+ * @param {Object} facet options
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @see $facet https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.4/reference/operator/aggregation/facet/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.facet = function(options) {
+  return this.append({ $facet: options });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper for [Atlas Text Search](https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/atlas-search/tutorial/)'s
+ * `$search` stage.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate().
+ *      search({
+ *        text: {
+ *          query: 'baseball',
+ *          path: 'plot'
+ *        }
+ *      });
+ *
+ *     // Output: [{ plot: '...', title: '...' }]
+ *
+ * @param {Object} $search options
+ * @return {Aggregate} this
+ * @see $search https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/atlas-search/tutorial/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.search = function(options) {
+  return this.append({ $search: options });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current pipeline
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     MyModel.aggregate().match({ test: 1 }).pipeline(); // [{ $match: { test: 1 } }]
+ *
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+
+Aggregate.prototype.pipeline = function() {
+  return this._pipeline;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes the aggregate pipeline on the currently bound Model.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     aggregate.exec(callback);
+ *
+ *     // Because a promise is returned, the `callback` is optional.
+ *     const promise = aggregate.exec();
+ *     promise.then(..);
+ *
+ * @see Promise #promise_Promise
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.exec = function(callback) {
+  if (!this._model) {
+    throw new Error('Aggregate not bound to any Model');
+  }
+  const model = this._model;
+  const collection = this._model.collection;
+
+  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, model);
+
+  if (this.options && this.options.cursor) {
+    return new AggregationCursor(this);
+  }
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    prepareDiscriminatorPipeline(this);
+    stringifyFunctionOperators(this._pipeline);
+
+    model.hooks.execPre('aggregate', this, error => {
+      if (error) {
+        const _opts = { error: error };
+        return model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [null], _opts, error => {
+          cb(error);
+        });
+      }
+      if (!this._pipeline.length) {
+        return cb(new Error('Aggregate has empty pipeline'));
+      }
+
+      const options = utils.clone(this.options || {});
+      collection.aggregate(this._pipeline, options, (error, cursor) => {
+        if (error) {
+          const _opts = { error: error };
+          return model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [null], _opts, error => {
+            if (error) {
+              return cb(error);
+            }
+            return cb(null);
+          });
+        }
+        cursor.toArray((error, result) => {
+          const _opts = { error: error };
+          model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [result], _opts, (error, result) => {
+            if (error) {
+              return cb(error);
+            }
+
+            cb(null, result);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }, model.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Provides promise for aggregate.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.aggregate(..).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
+ *
+ * @see Promise #promise_Promise
+ * @param {Function} [resolve] successCallback
+ * @param {Function} [reject]  errorCallback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ */
+Aggregate.prototype.then = function(resolve, reject) {
+  return this.exec().then(resolve, reject);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+ * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+ * Like [`.then()`](#query_Query-then), but only takes a rejection handler.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [reject]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Aggregate.prototype.catch = function(reject) {
+  return this.exec().then(null, reject);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an asyncIterator for use with [`for/await/of` loops](https://thecodebarbarian.com/getting-started-with-async-iterators-in-node-js
+ * You do not need to call this function explicitly, the JavaScript runtime
+ * will call it for you.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const agg = Model.aggregate([{ $match: { age: { $gte: 25 } } }]);
+ *     for await (const doc of agg) {
+ *       console.log(doc.name);
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Node.js 10.x supports async iterators natively without any flags. You can
+ * enable async iterators in Node.js 8.x using the [`--harmony_async_iteration` flag](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-async-iteration/issues/117#issuecomment-346695187).
+ *
+ * **Note:** This function is not set if `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined. If
+ * `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined, that means your Node.js version does not
+ * support async iterators.
+ *
+ * @method Symbol.asyncIterator
+ * @memberOf Aggregate
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+if (Symbol.asyncIterator != null) {
+  Aggregate.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() {
+    return this.cursor({ useMongooseAggCursor: true }).
+      exec().
+      transformNull().
+      _transformForAsyncIterator();
+  };
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Helpers
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether an object is likely a pipeline operator
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj object to check
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function isOperator(obj) {
+  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const k = Object.keys(obj);
+
+  return k.length === 1 && k.some(key => { return key[0] === '$'; });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Adds the appropriate `$match` pipeline step to the top of an aggregate's
+ * pipeline, should it's model is a non-root discriminator type. This is
+ * analogous to the `prepareDiscriminatorCriteria` function in `lib/query.js`.
+ *
+ * @param {Aggregate} aggregate Aggregate to prepare
+ */
+
+Aggregate._prepareDiscriminatorPipeline = prepareDiscriminatorPipeline;
+
+function prepareDiscriminatorPipeline(aggregate) {
+  const schema = aggregate._model.schema;
+  const discriminatorMapping = schema && schema.discriminatorMapping;
+
+  if (discriminatorMapping && !discriminatorMapping.isRoot) {
+    const originalPipeline = aggregate._pipeline;
+    const discriminatorKey = discriminatorMapping.key;
+    const discriminatorValue = discriminatorMapping.value;
+
+    // If the first pipeline stage is a match and it doesn't specify a `__t`
+    // key, add the discriminator key to it. This allows for potential
+    // aggregation query optimizations not to be disturbed by this feature.
+    if (originalPipeline[0] && originalPipeline[0].$match && !originalPipeline[0].$match[discriminatorKey]) {
+      originalPipeline[0].$match[discriminatorKey] = discriminatorValue;
+      // `originalPipeline` is a ref, so there's no need for
+      // aggregate._pipeline = originalPipeline
+    } else if (originalPipeline[0] && originalPipeline[0].$geoNear) {
+      originalPipeline[0].$geoNear.query =
+          originalPipeline[0].$geoNear.query || {};
+      originalPipeline[0].$geoNear.query[discriminatorKey] = discriminatorValue;
+    } else if (originalPipeline[0] && originalPipeline[0].$search) {
+      if (originalPipeline[1] && originalPipeline[1].$match != null) {
+        originalPipeline[1].$match[discriminatorKey] = originalPipeline[1].$match[discriminatorKey] || discriminatorValue;
+      } else {
+        const match = {};
+        match[discriminatorKey] = discriminatorValue;
+        originalPipeline.splice(1, 0, { $match: match });
+      }
+    } else {
+      const match = {};
+      match[discriminatorKey] = discriminatorValue;
+      aggregate._pipeline.unshift({ $match: match });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = Aggregate;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f71a4793c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/* eslint-env browser */
+
+'use strict';
+
+require('./driver').set(require('./drivers/browser'));
+
+const DocumentProvider = require('./document_provider.js');
+const PromiseProvider = require('./promise_provider');
+
+DocumentProvider.setBrowser(true);
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Promise](#promise_Promise) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Promise
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'Promise', {
+  get: function() {
+    return PromiseProvider.get();
+  },
+  set: function(lib) {
+    PromiseProvider.set(lib);
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Storage layer for mongoose promises
+ *
+ * @method PromiseProvider
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.PromiseProvider = PromiseProvider;
+
+/**
+ * The [MongooseError](#error_MongooseError) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Error
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.Error = require('./error/index');
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Schema](#schema_Schema) constructor
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
+ *     const CatSchema = new Schema(..);
+ *
+ * @method Schema
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.Schema = require('./schema');
+
+/**
+ * The various Mongoose Types.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const array = mongoose.Types.Array;
+ *
+ * ####Types:
+ *
+ * - [Array](/docs/schematypes.html#arrays)
+ * - [Buffer](/docs/schematypes.html#buffers)
+ * - [Embedded](/docs/schematypes.html#schemas)
+ * - [DocumentArray](/docs/api/documentarraypath.html)
+ * - [Decimal128](/docs/api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-Decimal128)
+ * - [ObjectId](/docs/schematypes.html#objectids)
+ * - [Map](/docs/schematypes.html#maps)
+ * - [Subdocument](/docs/schematypes.html#schemas)
+ *
+ * Using this exposed access to the `ObjectId` type, we can construct ids on demand.
+ *
+ *     const ObjectId = mongoose.Types.ObjectId;
+ *     const id1 = new ObjectId;
+ *
+ * @property Types
+ * @api public
+ */
+exports.Types = require('./types');
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [VirtualType](#virtualtype_VirtualType) constructor
+ *
+ * @method VirtualType
+ * @api public
+ */
+exports.VirtualType = require('./virtualtype');
+
+/**
+ * The various Mongoose SchemaTypes.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * _Alias of mongoose.Schema.Types for backwards compatibility._
+ *
+ * @property SchemaTypes
+ * @see Schema.SchemaTypes #schema_Schema.Types
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.SchemaType = require('./schematype.js');
+
+/**
+ * Internal utils
+ *
+ * @property utils
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.utils = require('./utils.js');
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose browser [Document](/api/document.html) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Document
+ * @api public
+ */
+exports.Document = DocumentProvider();
+
+/**
+ * Return a new browser model. In the browser, a model is just
+ * a simplified document with a schema - it does **not** have
+ * functions like `findOne()`, etc.
+ *
+ * @method model
+ * @api public
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @return Class
+ */
+exports.model = function(name, schema) {
+  class Model extends exports.Document {
+    constructor(obj, fields) {
+      super(obj, schema, fields);
+    }
+  }
+  Model.modelName = name;
+
+  return Model;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+  window.mongoose = module.exports;
+  window.Buffer = Buffer;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/browserDocument.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/browserDocument.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a44f3077e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/browserDocument.js
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const NodeJSDocument = require('./document');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const MongooseError = require('./error/index');
+const Schema = require('./schema');
+const ObjectId = require('./types/objectid');
+const ValidationError = MongooseError.ValidationError;
+const applyHooks = require('./helpers/model/applyHooks');
+const isObject = require('./helpers/isObject');
+
+/**
+ * Document constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj the values to set
+ * @param {Object} [fields] optional object containing the fields which were selected in the query returning this document and any populated paths data
+ * @param {Boolean} [skipId] bool, should we auto create an ObjectId _id
+ * @inherits NodeJS EventEmitter http://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_events_eventemitter
+ * @event `init`: Emitted on a document after it has was retrieved from the db and fully hydrated by Mongoose.
+ * @event `save`: Emitted when the document is successfully saved
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function Document(obj, schema, fields, skipId, skipInit) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Document)) {
+    return new Document(obj, schema, fields, skipId, skipInit);
+  }
+
+  if (isObject(schema) && !schema.instanceOfSchema) {
+    schema = new Schema(schema);
+  }
+
+  // When creating EmbeddedDocument, it already has the schema and he doesn't need the _id
+  schema = this.schema || schema;
+
+  // Generate ObjectId if it is missing, but it requires a scheme
+  if (!this.schema && schema.options._id) {
+    obj = obj || {};
+
+    if (obj._id === undefined) {
+      obj._id = new ObjectId();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!schema) {
+    throw new MongooseError.MissingSchemaError();
+  }
+
+  this.$__setSchema(schema);
+
+  NodeJSDocument.call(this, obj, fields, skipId, skipInit);
+
+  applyHooks(this, schema, { decorateDoc: true });
+
+  // apply methods
+  for (const m in schema.methods) {
+    this[m] = schema.methods[m];
+  }
+  // apply statics
+  for (const s in schema.statics) {
+    this[s] = schema.statics[s];
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Inherit from the NodeJS document
+ */
+
+Document.prototype = Object.create(NodeJSDocument.prototype);
+Document.prototype.constructor = Document;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Document.events = new EventEmitter();
+
+/*!
+ * Browser doc exposes the event emitter API
+ */
+
+Document.$emitter = new EventEmitter();
+
+['on', 'once', 'emit', 'listeners', 'removeListener', 'setMaxListeners',
+  'removeAllListeners', 'addListener'].forEach(function(emitterFn) {
+  Document[emitterFn] = function() {
+    return Document.$emitter[emitterFn].apply(Document.$emitter, arguments);
+  };
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+Document.ValidationError = ValidationError;
+module.exports = exports = Document;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c24bc7fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast.js
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const CastError = require('./error/cast');
+const StrictModeError = require('./error/strict');
+const Types = require('./schema/index');
+const castTextSearch = require('./schema/operators/text');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue = require('./helpers/discriminator/getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue');
+const isOperator = require('./helpers/query/isOperator');
+const util = require('util');
+const isObject = require('./helpers/isObject');
+const isMongooseObject = require('./helpers/isMongooseObject');
+
+const ALLOWED_GEOWITHIN_GEOJSON_TYPES = ['Polygon', 'MultiPolygon'];
+
+/**
+ * Handles internal casting for query filters.
+ *
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} obj Object to cast
+ * @param {Object} options the query options
+ * @param {Query} context passed to setters
+ * @api private
+ */
+module.exports = function cast(schema, obj, options, context) {
+  if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+    throw new Error('Query filter must be an object, got an array ', util.inspect(obj));
+  }
+
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  // bson 1.x has the unfortunate tendency to remove filters that have a top-level
+  // `_bsontype` property. But we should still allow ObjectIds because
+  // `Collection#find()` has a special case to support `find(objectid)`.
+  // Should remove this when we upgrade to bson 4.x. See gh-8222, gh-8268
+  if (obj.hasOwnProperty('_bsontype') && obj._bsontype !== 'ObjectID') {
+    delete obj._bsontype;
+  }
+
+  if (schema != null && schema.discriminators != null && obj[schema.options.discriminatorKey] != null) {
+    schema = getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue(schema, obj[schema.options.discriminatorKey]) || schema;
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(obj);
+  let i = paths.length;
+  let _keys;
+  let any$conditionals;
+  let schematype;
+  let nested;
+  let path;
+  let type;
+  let val;
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  while (i--) {
+    path = paths[i];
+    val = obj[path];
+
+    if (path === '$or' || path === '$nor' || path === '$and') {
+      if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+        throw new CastError('Array', val, path);
+      }
+      for (let k = 0; k < val.length; ++k) {
+        if (val[k] == null || typeof val[k] !== 'object') {
+          throw new CastError('Object', val[k], path + '.' + k);
+        }
+        val[k] = cast(schema, val[k], options, context);
+      }
+    } else if (path === '$where') {
+      type = typeof val;
+
+      if (type !== 'string' && type !== 'function') {
+        throw new Error('Must have a string or function for $where');
+      }
+
+      if (type === 'function') {
+        obj[path] = val.toString();
+      }
+
+      continue;
+    } else if (path === '$elemMatch') {
+      val = cast(schema, val, options, context);
+    } else if (path === '$text') {
+      val = castTextSearch(val, path);
+    } else {
+      if (!schema) {
+        // no casting for Mixed types
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      schematype = schema.path(path);
+
+      // Check for embedded discriminator paths
+      if (!schematype) {
+        const split = path.split('.');
+        let j = split.length;
+        while (j--) {
+          const pathFirstHalf = split.slice(0, j).join('.');
+          const pathLastHalf = split.slice(j).join('.');
+          const _schematype = schema.path(pathFirstHalf);
+          const discriminatorKey = get(_schematype, 'schema.options.discriminatorKey');
+
+          // gh-6027: if we haven't found the schematype but this path is
+          // underneath an embedded discriminator and the embedded discriminator
+          // key is in the query, use the embedded discriminator schema
+          if (_schematype != null &&
+              get(_schematype, 'schema.discriminators') != null &&
+              discriminatorKey != null &&
+              pathLastHalf !== discriminatorKey) {
+            const discriminatorVal = get(obj, pathFirstHalf + '.' + discriminatorKey);
+            if (discriminatorVal != null) {
+              schematype = _schematype.schema.discriminators[discriminatorVal].
+                path(pathLastHalf);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!schematype) {
+        // Handle potential embedded array queries
+        const split = path.split('.');
+        let j = split.length;
+        let pathFirstHalf;
+        let pathLastHalf;
+        let remainingConds;
+
+        // Find the part of the var path that is a path of the Schema
+        while (j--) {
+          pathFirstHalf = split.slice(0, j).join('.');
+          schematype = schema.path(pathFirstHalf);
+          if (schematype) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // If a substring of the input path resolves to an actual real path...
+        if (schematype) {
+          // Apply the casting; similar code for $elemMatch in schema/array.js
+          if (schematype.caster && schematype.caster.schema) {
+            remainingConds = {};
+            pathLastHalf = split.slice(j).join('.');
+            remainingConds[pathLastHalf] = val;
+            obj[path] = cast(schematype.caster.schema, remainingConds, options, context)[pathLastHalf];
+          } else {
+            obj[path] = val;
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (isObject(val)) {
+          // handle geo schemas that use object notation
+          // { loc: { long: Number, lat: Number }
+
+          let geo = '';
+          if (val.$near) {
+            geo = '$near';
+          } else if (val.$nearSphere) {
+            geo = '$nearSphere';
+          } else if (val.$within) {
+            geo = '$within';
+          } else if (val.$geoIntersects) {
+            geo = '$geoIntersects';
+          } else if (val.$geoWithin) {
+            geo = '$geoWithin';
+          }
+
+          if (geo) {
+            const numbertype = new Types.Number('__QueryCasting__');
+            let value = val[geo];
+
+            if (val.$maxDistance != null) {
+              val.$maxDistance = numbertype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                val: val.$maxDistance,
+                context: context
+              });
+            }
+            if (val.$minDistance != null) {
+              val.$minDistance = numbertype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                val: val.$minDistance,
+                context: context
+              });
+            }
+
+            if (geo === '$within') {
+              const withinType = value.$center
+                  || value.$centerSphere
+                  || value.$box
+                  || value.$polygon;
+
+              if (!withinType) {
+                throw new Error('Bad $within parameter: ' + JSON.stringify(val));
+              }
+
+              value = withinType;
+            } else if (geo === '$near' &&
+                typeof value.type === 'string' && Array.isArray(value.coordinates)) {
+              // geojson; cast the coordinates
+              value = value.coordinates;
+            } else if ((geo === '$near' || geo === '$nearSphere' || geo === '$geoIntersects') &&
+                value.$geometry && typeof value.$geometry.type === 'string' &&
+                Array.isArray(value.$geometry.coordinates)) {
+              if (value.$maxDistance != null) {
+                value.$maxDistance = numbertype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                  val: value.$maxDistance,
+                  context: context
+                });
+              }
+              if (value.$minDistance != null) {
+                value.$minDistance = numbertype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                  val: value.$minDistance,
+                  context: context
+                });
+              }
+              if (isMongooseObject(value.$geometry)) {
+                value.$geometry = value.$geometry.toObject({
+                  transform: false,
+                  virtuals: false
+                });
+              }
+              value = value.$geometry.coordinates;
+            } else if (geo === '$geoWithin') {
+              if (value.$geometry) {
+                if (isMongooseObject(value.$geometry)) {
+                  value.$geometry = value.$geometry.toObject({ virtuals: false });
+                }
+                const geoWithinType = value.$geometry.type;
+                if (ALLOWED_GEOWITHIN_GEOJSON_TYPES.indexOf(geoWithinType) === -1) {
+                  throw new Error('Invalid geoJSON type for $geoWithin "' +
+                    geoWithinType + '", must be "Polygon" or "MultiPolygon"');
+                }
+                value = value.$geometry.coordinates;
+              } else {
+                value = value.$box || value.$polygon || value.$center ||
+                  value.$centerSphere;
+                if (isMongooseObject(value)) {
+                  value = value.toObject({ virtuals: false });
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            _cast(value, numbertype, context);
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (schema.nested[path]) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (options.upsert && options.strict) {
+          if (options.strict === 'throw') {
+            throw new StrictModeError(path);
+          }
+          throw new StrictModeError(path, 'Path "' + path + '" is not in ' +
+            'schema, strict mode is `true`, and upsert is `true`.');
+        } else if (options.strictQuery === 'throw') {
+          throw new StrictModeError(path, 'Path "' + path + '" is not in ' +
+            'schema and strictQuery is \'throw\'.');
+        } else if (options.strictQuery) {
+          delete obj[path];
+        }
+      } else if (val == null) {
+        continue;
+      } else if (val.constructor.name === 'Object') {
+        any$conditionals = Object.keys(val).some(isOperator);
+
+        if (!any$conditionals) {
+          obj[path] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+            val: val,
+            context: context
+          });
+        } else {
+          const ks = Object.keys(val);
+          let $cond;
+
+          let k = ks.length;
+
+          while (k--) {
+            $cond = ks[k];
+            nested = val[$cond];
+
+            if ($cond === '$not') {
+              if (nested && schematype && !schematype.caster) {
+                _keys = Object.keys(nested);
+                if (_keys.length && isOperator(_keys[0])) {
+                  for (const key in nested) {
+                    nested[key] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                      $conditional: key,
+                      val: nested[key],
+                      context: context
+                    });
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  val[$cond] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                    $conditional: $cond,
+                    val: nested,
+                    context: context
+                  });
+                }
+                continue;
+              }
+              cast(schematype.caster ? schematype.caster.schema : schema, nested, options, context);
+            } else {
+              val[$cond] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+                $conditional: $cond,
+                val: nested,
+                context: context
+              });
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (Array.isArray(val) && ['Buffer', 'Array'].indexOf(schematype.instance) === -1) {
+        const casted = [];
+        const valuesArray = val;
+
+        for (const _val of valuesArray) {
+          casted.push(schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+            val: _val,
+            context: context
+          }));
+        }
+
+        obj[path] = { $in: casted };
+      } else {
+        obj[path] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+          val: val,
+          context: context
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+};
+
+function _cast(val, numbertype, context) {
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    val.forEach(function(item, i) {
+      if (Array.isArray(item) || isObject(item)) {
+        return _cast(item, numbertype, context);
+      }
+      val[i] = numbertype.castForQueryWrapper({ val: item, context: context });
+    });
+  } else {
+    const nearKeys = Object.keys(val);
+    let nearLen = nearKeys.length;
+    while (nearLen--) {
+      const nkey = nearKeys[nearLen];
+      const item = val[nkey];
+      if (Array.isArray(item) || isObject(item)) {
+        _cast(item, numbertype, context);
+        val[nkey] = item;
+      } else {
+        val[nkey] = numbertype.castForQuery({ val: item, context: context });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/boolean.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/boolean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92551d41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/boolean.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CastError = require('../error/cast');
+
+/*!
+ * Given a value, cast it to a boolean, or throw a `CastError` if the value
+ * cannot be casted. `null` and `undefined` are considered valid.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {String} [path] optional the path to set on the CastError
+ * @return {Boolean|null|undefined}
+ * @throws {CastError} if `value` is not one of the allowed values
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function castBoolean(value, path) {
+  if (module.exports.convertToTrue.has(value)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (module.exports.convertToFalse.has(value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (value == null) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  throw new CastError('boolean', value, path);
+};
+
+module.exports.convertToTrue = new Set([true, 'true', 1, '1', 'yes']);
+module.exports.convertToFalse = new Set([false, 'false', 0, '0', 'no']);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/date.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/date.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac17006df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/date.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+module.exports = function castDate(value) {
+  // Support empty string because of empty form values. Originally introduced
+  // in https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/efc72a1898fc3c33a319d915b8c5463a22938dfe
+  if (value == null || value === '') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (value instanceof Date) {
+    assert.ok(!isNaN(value.valueOf()));
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  let date;
+
+  assert.ok(typeof value !== 'boolean');
+
+  if (value instanceof Number || typeof value === 'number') {
+    date = new Date(value);
+  } else if (typeof value === 'string' && !isNaN(Number(value)) && (Number(value) >= 275761 || Number(value) < -271820)) {
+    // string representation of milliseconds take this path
+    date = new Date(Number(value));
+  } else if (typeof value.valueOf === 'function') {
+    // support for moment.js. This is also the path strings will take because
+    // strings have a `valueOf()`
+    date = new Date(value.valueOf());
+  } else {
+    // fallback
+    date = new Date(value);
+  }
+
+  if (!isNaN(date.valueOf())) {
+    return date;
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(false);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/decimal128.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/decimal128.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfb1578c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/decimal128.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Decimal128Type = require('../types/decimal128');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+module.exports = function castDecimal128(value) {
+  if (value == null) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'object' && typeof value.$numberDecimal === 'string') {
+    return Decimal128Type.fromString(value.$numberDecimal);
+  }
+
+  if (value instanceof Decimal128Type) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    return Decimal128Type.fromString(value);
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+    return new Decimal128Type(value);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return Decimal128Type.fromString(String(value));
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value.valueOf === 'function' && typeof value.valueOf() === 'string') {
+    return Decimal128Type.fromString(value.valueOf());
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(false);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/number.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/number.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cd7f848c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/number.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+/*!
+ * Given a value, cast it to a number, or throw a `CastError` if the value
+ * cannot be casted. `null` and `undefined` are considered valid.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {String} [path] optional the path to set on the CastError
+ * @return {Boolean|null|undefined}
+ * @throws {Error} if `value` is not one of the allowed values
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function castNumber(val) {
+  if (val == null) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (val === '') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof val === 'string' || typeof val === 'boolean') {
+    val = Number(val);
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(!isNaN(val));
+  if (val instanceof Number) {
+    return val.valueOf();
+  }
+  if (typeof val === 'number') {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(val) && typeof val.valueOf === 'function') {
+    return Number(val.valueOf());
+  }
+  if (val.toString && !Array.isArray(val) && val.toString() == Number(val)) {
+    return Number(val);
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(false);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/objectid.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/objectid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67cffb543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/objectid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ObjectId = require('../driver').get().ObjectId;
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+module.exports = function castObjectId(value) {
+  if (value == null) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (value instanceof ObjectId) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (value._id) {
+    if (value._id instanceof ObjectId) {
+      return value._id;
+    }
+    if (value._id.toString instanceof Function) {
+      return new ObjectId(value._id.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (value.toString instanceof Function) {
+    return new ObjectId(value.toString());
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(false);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/string.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/string.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d89f8e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cast/string.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CastError = require('../error/cast');
+
+/*!
+ * Given a value, cast it to a string, or throw a `CastError` if the value
+ * cannot be casted. `null` and `undefined` are considered valid.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {String} [path] optional the path to set on the CastError
+ * @return {string|null|undefined}
+ * @throws {CastError}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function castString(value, path) {
+  // If null or undefined
+  if (value == null) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // handle documents being passed
+  if (value._id && typeof value._id === 'string') {
+    return value._id;
+  }
+
+  // Re: gh-647 and gh-3030, we're ok with casting using `toString()`
+  // **unless** its the default Object.toString, because "[object Object]"
+  // doesn't really qualify as useful data
+  if (value.toString &&
+      value.toString !== Object.prototype.toString &&
+      !Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value.toString();
+  }
+
+  throw new CastError('string', value, path);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/collection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/collection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df1614609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/collection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const STATES = require('./connectionstate');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+
+/**
+ * Abstract Collection constructor
+ *
+ * This is the base class that drivers inherit from and implement.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name name of the collection
+ * @param {Connection} conn A MongooseConnection instance
+ * @param {Object} opts optional collection options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Collection(name, conn, opts) {
+  if (opts === void 0) {
+    opts = {};
+  }
+  if (opts.capped === void 0) {
+    opts.capped = {};
+  }
+
+  if (typeof opts.capped === 'number') {
+    opts.capped = { size: opts.capped };
+  }
+
+  this.opts = opts;
+  this.name = name;
+  this.collectionName = name;
+  this.conn = conn;
+  this.queue = [];
+  this.buffer = true;
+  this.emitter = new EventEmitter();
+
+  if (STATES.connected === this.conn.readyState) {
+    this.onOpen();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The collection name
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property name
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.name;
+
+/**
+ * The collection name
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property collectionName
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.collectionName;
+
+/**
+ * The Connection instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property conn
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.conn;
+
+/**
+ * Called when the database connects
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.onOpen = function() {
+  this.buffer = false;
+  immediate(() => this.doQueue());
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called when the database disconnects
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.onClose = function(force) {
+  if (this._shouldBufferCommands() && !force) {
+    this.buffer = true;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Queues a method for later execution when its
+ * database connection opens.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name name of the method to queue
+ * @param {Array} args arguments to pass to the method when executed
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.addQueue = function(name, args) {
+  this.queue.push([name, args]);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes a queued method
+ *
+ * @param {String} name name of the method to queue
+ * @param {Array} args arguments to pass to the method when executed
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.removeQueue = function(name, args) {
+  const index = this.queue.findIndex(v => v[0] === name && v[1] === args);
+  if (index === -1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  this.queue.splice(index, 1);
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes all queued methods and clears the queue.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.doQueue = function() {
+  for (const method of this.queue) {
+    if (typeof method[0] === 'function') {
+      method[0].apply(this, method[1]);
+    } else {
+      this[method[0]].apply(this, method[1]);
+    }
+  }
+  this.queue = [];
+  const _this = this;
+  immediate(function() {
+    _this.emitter.emit('queue');
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.ensureIndex = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#ensureIndex unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.createIndex = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#createIndex unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.findAndModify = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#findAndModify unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.findOneAndUpdate = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#findOneAndUpdate unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.findOneAndDelete = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#findOneAndDelete unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.findOneAndReplace = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#findOneAndReplace unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.findOne = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#findOne unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.find = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#find unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.insert = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#insert unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.insertOne = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#insertOne unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.insertMany = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#insertMany unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.save = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#save unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.update = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#update unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.getIndexes = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#getIndexes unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.mapReduce = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#mapReduce unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract method that drivers must implement.
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype.watch = function() {
+  throw new Error('Collection#watch unimplemented by driver');
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype._shouldBufferCommands = function _shouldBufferCommands() {
+  const opts = this.opts;
+
+  if (opts.bufferCommands != null) {
+    return opts.bufferCommands;
+  }
+  if (opts && opts.schemaUserProvidedOptions != null && opts.schemaUserProvidedOptions.bufferCommands != null) {
+    return opts.schemaUserProvidedOptions.bufferCommands;
+  }
+
+  return this.conn._shouldBufferCommands();
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Collection.prototype._getBufferTimeoutMS = function _getBufferTimeoutMS() {
+  const conn = this.conn;
+  const opts = this.opts;
+
+  if (opts.bufferTimeoutMS != null) {
+    return opts.bufferTimeoutMS;
+  }
+  if (opts && opts.schemaUserProvidedOptions != null && opts.schemaUserProvidedOptions.bufferTimeoutMS != null) {
+    return opts.schemaUserProvidedOptions.bufferTimeoutMS;
+  }
+  if (conn.config.bufferTimeoutMS != null) {
+    return conn.config.bufferTimeoutMS;
+  }
+  if (conn.base != null && conn.base.get('bufferTimeoutMS') != null) {
+    return conn.base.get('bufferTimeoutMS');
+  }
+  return 10000;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Collection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1292a72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1509 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const ChangeStream = require('./cursor/ChangeStream');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const Schema = require('./schema');
+const Collection = require('./driver').get().Collection;
+const STATES = require('./connectionstate');
+const MongooseError = require('./error/index');
+const PromiseProvider = require('./promise_provider');
+const ServerSelectionError = require('./error/serverSelection');
+const applyPlugins = require('./helpers/schema/applyPlugins');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('./helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+const mongodb = require('mongodb');
+const pkg = require('../package.json');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+
+const parseConnectionString = require('mongodb/lib/core').parseConnectionString;
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const sessionNewDocuments = require('./helpers/symbols').sessionNewDocuments;
+
+/*!
+ * A list of authentication mechanisms that don't require a password for authentication.
+ * This is used by the authMechanismDoesNotRequirePassword method.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+const noPasswordAuthMechanisms = [
+  'MONGODB-X509'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Connection constructor
+ *
+ * For practical reasons, a Connection equals a Db.
+ *
+ * @param {Mongoose} base a mongoose instance
+ * @inherits NodeJS EventEmitter http://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_events_eventemitter
+ * @event `connecting`: Emitted when `connection.openUri()` is executed on this connection.
+ * @event `connected`: Emitted when this connection successfully connects to the db. May be emitted _multiple_ times in `reconnected` scenarios.
+ * @event `open`: Emitted after we `connected` and `onOpen` is executed on all of this connections models.
+ * @event `disconnecting`: Emitted when `connection.close()` was executed.
+ * @event `disconnected`: Emitted after getting disconnected from the db.
+ * @event `close`: Emitted after we `disconnected` and `onClose` executed on all of this connections models.
+ * @event `reconnected`: Emitted after we `connected` and subsequently `disconnected`, followed by successfully another successful connection.
+ * @event `error`: Emitted when an error occurs on this connection.
+ * @event `fullsetup`: Emitted after the driver has connected to primary and all secondaries if specified in the connection string.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Connection(base) {
+  this.base = base;
+  this.collections = {};
+  this.models = {};
+  this.config = {};
+  this.replica = false;
+  this.options = null;
+  this.otherDbs = []; // FIXME: To be replaced with relatedDbs
+  this.relatedDbs = {}; // Hashmap of other dbs that share underlying connection
+  this.states = STATES;
+  this._readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+  this._closeCalled = false;
+  this._hasOpened = false;
+  this.plugins = [];
+  if (typeof base === 'undefined' || !base.connections.length) {
+    this.id = 0;
+  } else {
+    this.id = base.connections.length;
+  }
+  this._queue = [];
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Inherit from EventEmitter
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.__proto__ = EventEmitter.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Connection ready state
+ *
+ * - 0 = disconnected
+ * - 1 = connected
+ * - 2 = connecting
+ * - 3 = disconnecting
+ *
+ * Each state change emits its associated event name.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     conn.on('connected', callback);
+ *     conn.on('disconnected', callback);
+ *
+ * @property readyState
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Connection.prototype, 'readyState', {
+  get: function() {
+    return this._readyState;
+  },
+  set: function(val) {
+    if (!(val in STATES)) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid connection state: ' + val);
+    }
+
+    if (this._readyState !== val) {
+      this._readyState = val;
+      // [legacy] loop over the otherDbs on this connection and change their state
+      for (const db of this.otherDbs) {
+        db.readyState = val;
+      }
+
+      if (STATES.connected === val) {
+        this._hasOpened = true;
+      }
+
+      this.emit(STATES[val]);
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of the option `key`. Equivalent to `conn.options[key]`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     conn.get('test'); // returns the 'test' value
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @method get
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.get = function(key) {
+  if (this.config.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+    return this.config[key];
+  }
+
+  return get(this.options, key);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of the option `key`. Equivalent to `conn.options[key] = val`
+ *
+ * Supported options include:
+ *
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: Set [`maxTimeMS`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-maxTimeMS) for all queries on this connection.
+ * - `useFindAndModify`: Set to `false` to work around the [`findAndModify()` deprecation warning](/docs/deprecations.html#findandmodify)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     conn.set('test', 'foo');
+ *     conn.get('test'); // 'foo'
+ *     conn.options.test; // 'foo'
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Any} val
+ * @method set
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.set = function(key, val) {
+  if (this.config.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+    this.config[key] = val;
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  this.options = this.options || {};
+  this.options[key] = val;
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A hash of the collections associated with this connection
+ *
+ * @property collections
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.collections;
+
+/**
+ * The name of the database this connection points to.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb').name; // "mydb"
+ *
+ * @property name
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.name;
+
+/**
+ * A [POJO](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/pojo) containing
+ * a map from model names to models. Contains all models that have been
+ * added to this connection using [`Connection#model()`](/docs/api/connection.html#connection_Connection-model).
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const conn = mongoose.createConnection();
+ *     const Test = conn.model('Test', mongoose.Schema({ name: String }));
+ *
+ *     Object.keys(conn.models).length; // 1
+ *     conn.models.Test === Test; // true
+ *
+ * @property models
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.models;
+
+/**
+ * A number identifier for this connection. Used for debugging when
+ * you have [multiple connections](/docs/connections.html#multiple_connections).
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // The default connection has `id = 0`
+ *     mongoose.connection.id; // 0
+ *
+ *     // If you create a new connection, Mongoose increments id
+ *     const conn = mongoose.createConnection();
+ *     conn.id; // 1
+ *
+ * @property id
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.id;
+
+/**
+ * The plugins that will be applied to all models created on this connection.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const db = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb');
+ *     db.plugin(() => console.log('Applied'));
+ *     db.plugins.length; // 1
+ *
+ *     db.model('Test', new Schema({})); // Prints "Applied"
+ *
+ * @property plugins
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Connection.prototype, 'plugins', {
+  configurable: false,
+  enumerable: true,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * The host name portion of the URI. If multiple hosts, such as a replica set,
+ * this will contain the first host name in the URI
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb').host; // "localhost"
+ *
+ * @property host
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Connection.prototype, 'host', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * The port portion of the URI. If multiple hosts, such as a replica set,
+ * this will contain the port from the first host name in the URI.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb').port; // 27017
+ *
+ * @property port
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Connection.prototype, 'port', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * The username specified in the URI
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://val:psw@localhost:27017/mydb').user; // "val"
+ *
+ * @property user
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Connection.prototype, 'user', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * The password specified in the URI
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://val:psw@localhost:27017/mydb').pass; // "psw"
+ *
+ * @property pass
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Connection.prototype, 'pass', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * The mongodb.Db instance, set when the connection is opened
+ *
+ * @property db
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.db;
+
+/**
+ * The MongoClient instance this connection uses to talk to MongoDB. Mongoose automatically sets this property
+ * when the connection is opened.
+ *
+ * @property client
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.client;
+
+/**
+ * A hash of the global options that are associated with this connection
+ *
+ * @property config
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.config;
+
+/**
+ * Helper for `createCollection()`. Will explicitly create the given collection
+ * with specified options. Used to create [capped collections](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/capped-collections/)
+ * and [views](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/views/) from mongoose.
+ *
+ * Options are passed down without modification to the [MongoDB driver's `createCollection()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Db.html#createCollection)
+ *
+ * @method createCollection
+ * @param {string} collection The collection to create
+ * @param {Object} [options] see [MongoDB driver docs](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Db.html#createCollection)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.createCollection = _wrapConnHelper(function createCollection(collection, options, cb) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    cb = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+  this.db.createCollection(collection, options, cb);
+});
+
+/**
+ * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Starts a [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/release-notes/3.6/#client-sessions)
+ * for benefits like causal consistency, [retryable writes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/retryable-writes/),
+ * and [transactions](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-node-js-perspective-on-mongodb-4-transactions.html).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const session = await conn.startSession();
+ *     let doc = await Person.findOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }, null, { session });
+ *     await doc.remove();
+ *     // `doc` will always be null, even if reading from a replica set
+ *     // secondary. Without causal consistency, it is possible to
+ *     // get a doc back from the below query if the query reads from a
+ *     // secondary that is experiencing replication lag.
+ *     doc = await Person.findOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }, null, { session, readPreference: 'secondary' });
+ *
+ *
+ * @method startSession
+ * @param {Object} [options] see the [mongodb driver options](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.0/api/MongoClient.html#startSession)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.causalConsistency=true] set to false to disable causal consistency
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise<ClientSession>} promise that resolves to a MongoDB driver `ClientSession`
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.startSession = _wrapConnHelper(function startSession(options, cb) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    cb = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  const session = this.client.startSession(options);
+  cb(null, session);
+});
+
+/**
+ * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Executes the wrapped async function
+ * in a transaction. Mongoose will commit the transaction if the
+ * async function executes successfully and attempt to retry if
+ * there was a retriable error.
+ *
+ * Calls the MongoDB driver's [`session.withTransaction()`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.5/api/ClientSession.html#withTransaction),
+ * but also handles resetting Mongoose document state as shown below.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const doc = new Person({ name: 'Will Riker' });
+ *     await db.transaction(async function setRank(session) {
+ *       doc.rank = 'Captain';
+ *       await doc.save({ session });
+ *       doc.isNew; // false
+ *
+ *       // Throw an error to abort the transaction
+ *       throw new Error('Oops!');
+ *     },{ readPreference: 'primary' }).catch(() => {});
+ *
+ *     // true, `transaction()` reset the document's state because the
+ *     // transaction was aborted.
+ *     doc.isNew;
+ *
+ * @method transaction
+ * @param {Function} fn Function to execute in a transaction
+ * @param {mongodb.TransactionOptions} [options] Optional settings for the transaction
+ * @return {Promise<Any>} promise that is fulfilled if Mongoose successfully committed the transaction, or rejects if the transaction was aborted or if Mongoose failed to commit the transaction. If fulfilled, the promise resolves to a MongoDB command result.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.transaction = function transaction(fn, options) {
+  return this.startSession().then(session => {
+    session[sessionNewDocuments] = new Map();
+    return session.withTransaction(() => fn(session), options).
+      then(res => {
+        delete session[sessionNewDocuments];
+        return res;
+      }).
+      catch(err => {
+        // If transaction was aborted, we need to reset newly
+        // inserted documents' `isNew`.
+        for (const doc of session[sessionNewDocuments].keys()) {
+          const state = session[sessionNewDocuments].get(doc);
+          if (state.hasOwnProperty('isNew')) {
+            doc.isNew = state.isNew;
+          }
+          if (state.hasOwnProperty('versionKey')) {
+            doc.set(doc.schema.options.versionKey, state.versionKey);
+          }
+
+          for (const path of state.modifiedPaths) {
+            doc.$__.activePaths.paths[path] = 'modify';
+            doc.$__.activePaths.states.modify[path] = true;
+          }
+
+          for (const path of state.atomics.keys()) {
+            const val = doc.$__getValue(path);
+            if (val == null) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            val[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = state.atomics.get(path);
+          }
+        }
+        delete session[sessionNewDocuments];
+        throw err;
+      });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper for `dropCollection()`. Will delete the given collection, including
+ * all documents and indexes.
+ *
+ * @method dropCollection
+ * @param {string} collection The collection to delete
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.dropCollection = _wrapConnHelper(function dropCollection(collection, cb) {
+  this.db.dropCollection(collection, cb);
+});
+
+/**
+ * Helper for `dropDatabase()`. Deletes the given database, including all
+ * collections, documents, and indexes.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const conn = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb');
+ *     // Deletes the entire 'mydb' database
+ *     await conn.dropDatabase();
+ *
+ * @method dropDatabase
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.dropDatabase = _wrapConnHelper(function dropDatabase(cb) {
+  // If `dropDatabase()` is called, this model's collection will not be
+  // init-ed. It is sufficiently common to call `dropDatabase()` after
+  // `mongoose.connect()` but before creating models that we want to
+  // support this. See gh-6967
+  for (const name of Object.keys(this.models)) {
+    delete this.models[name].$init;
+  }
+  this.db.dropDatabase(cb);
+});
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _wrapConnHelper(fn) {
+  return function() {
+    const cb = arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[arguments.length - 1] : null;
+    const argsWithoutCb = typeof cb === 'function' ?
+      Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0, arguments.length - 1) :
+      Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+    const disconnectedError = new MongooseError('Connection ' + this.id +
+      ' was disconnected when calling `' + fn.name + '`');
+    return promiseOrCallback(cb, cb => {
+      // Make it ok to call collection helpers before `mongoose.connect()`
+      // as long as `mongoose.connect()` is called on the same tick.
+      // Re: gh-8534
+      immediate(() => {
+        if (this.readyState === STATES.connecting && this._shouldBufferCommands()) {
+          this._queue.push({ fn: fn, ctx: this, args: argsWithoutCb.concat([cb]) });
+        } else if (this.readyState === STATES.disconnected && this.db == null) {
+          cb(disconnectedError);
+        } else {
+          try {
+            fn.apply(this, argsWithoutCb.concat([cb]));
+          } catch (err) {
+            return cb(err);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype._shouldBufferCommands = function _shouldBufferCommands() {
+  if (this.config.bufferCommands != null) {
+    return this.config.bufferCommands;
+  }
+  if (this.base.get('bufferCommands') != null) {
+    return this.base.get('bufferCommands');
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * error
+ *
+ * Graceful error handling, passes error to callback
+ * if available, else emits error on the connection.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} err
+ * @param {Function} callback optional
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.error = function(err, callback) {
+  if (callback) {
+    callback(err);
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (this.listeners('error').length > 0) {
+    this.emit('error', err);
+  }
+  return Promise.reject(err);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called when the connection is opened
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.onOpen = function() {
+  this.readyState = STATES.connected;
+
+  for (const d of this._queue) {
+    d.fn.apply(d.ctx, d.args);
+  }
+  this._queue = [];
+
+  // avoid having the collection subscribe to our event emitter
+  // to prevent 0.3 warning
+  for (const i in this.collections) {
+    if (utils.object.hasOwnProperty(this.collections, i)) {
+      this.collections[i].onOpen();
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.emit('open');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Opens the connection with a URI using `MongoClient.connect()`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} uri The URI to connect with.
+ * @param {Object} [options] Passed on to http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/MongoClient.html#connect
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.bufferCommands=true] Mongoose specific option. Set to false to [disable buffering](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/faq.html#callback_never_executes) on all models associated with this connection.
+ * @param {Number} [options.bufferTimeoutMS=true] Mongoose specific option. If `bufferCommands` is true, Mongoose will throw an error after `bufferTimeoutMS` if the operation is still buffered.
+ * @param {String} [options.dbName] The name of the database we want to use. If not provided, use database name from connection string.
+ * @param {String} [options.user] username for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.user`. Maintained for backwards compatibility.
+ * @param {String} [options.pass] password for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.password`. Maintained for backwards compatibility.
+ * @param {Number} [options.poolSize=5] The maximum number of sockets the MongoDB driver will keep open for this connection. By default, `poolSize` is 5. Keep in mind that, as of MongoDB 3.4, MongoDB only allows one operation per socket at a time, so you may want to increase this if you find you have a few slow queries that are blocking faster queries from proceeding. See [Slow Trains in MongoDB and Node.js](http://thecodebarbarian.com/slow-trains-in-mongodb-and-nodejs).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useUnifiedTopology=false] False by default. Set to `true` to opt in to the MongoDB driver's replica set and sharded cluster monitoring engine.
+ * @param {Number} [options.serverSelectionTimeoutMS] If `useUnifiedTopology = true`, the MongoDB driver will try to find a server to send any given operation to, and keep retrying for `serverSelectionTimeoutMS` milliseconds before erroring out. If not set, the MongoDB driver defaults to using `30000` (30 seconds).
+ * @param {Number} [options.heartbeatFrequencyMS] If `useUnifiedTopology = true`, the MongoDB driver sends a heartbeat every `heartbeatFrequencyMS` to check on the status of the connection. A heartbeat is subject to `serverSelectionTimeoutMS`, so the MongoDB driver will retry failed heartbeats for up to 30 seconds by default. Mongoose only emits a `'disconnected'` event after a heartbeat has failed, so you may want to decrease this setting to reduce the time between when your server goes down and when Mongoose emits `'disconnected'`. We recommend you do **not** set this setting below 1000, too many heartbeats can lead to performance degradation.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.autoIndex=true] Mongoose-specific option. Set to false to disable automatic index creation for all models associated with this connection.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useNewUrlParser=false] False by default. Set to `true` to opt in to the MongoDB driver's new URL parser logic.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useCreateIndex=false] Mongoose-specific option. If `true`, this connection will use [`createIndex()` instead of `ensureIndex()`](/docs/deprecations.html#ensureindex) for automatic index builds via [`Model.init()`](/docs/api.html#model_Model.init).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useFindAndModify=true] True by default. Set to `false` to make `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndRemove()` use native `findOneAndUpdate()` rather than `findAndModify()`.
+ * @param {Number} [options.reconnectTries=30] If you're connected to a single server or mongos proxy (as opposed to a replica set), the MongoDB driver will try to reconnect every `reconnectInterval` milliseconds for `reconnectTries` times, and give up afterward. When the driver gives up, the mongoose connection emits a `reconnectFailed` event. This option does nothing for replica set connections.
+ * @param {Number} [options.reconnectInterval=1000] See `reconnectTries` option above.
+ * @param {Class} [options.promiseLibrary] Sets the [underlying driver's promise library](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/MongoClient.html).
+ * @param {Number} [options.bufferMaxEntries] This option does nothing if `useUnifiedTopology` is set. The MongoDB driver also has its own buffering mechanism that kicks in when the driver is disconnected. Set this option to 0 and set `bufferCommands` to `false` on your schemas if you want your database operations to fail immediately when the driver is not connected, as opposed to waiting for reconnection.
+ * @param {Number} [options.connectTimeoutMS=30000] How long the MongoDB driver will wait before killing a socket due to inactivity _during initial connection_. Defaults to 30000. This option is passed transparently to [Node.js' `socket#setTimeout()` function](https://nodejs.org/api/net.html#net_socket_settimeout_timeout_callback).
+ * @param {Number} [options.socketTimeoutMS=30000] How long the MongoDB driver will wait before killing a socket due to inactivity _after initial connection_. A socket may be inactive because of either no activity or a long-running operation. This is set to `30000` by default, you should set this to 2-3x your longest running operation if you expect some of your database operations to run longer than 20 seconds. This option is passed to [Node.js `socket#setTimeout()` function](https://nodejs.org/api/net.html#net_socket_settimeout_timeout_callback) after the MongoDB driver successfully completes.
+ * @param {Number} [options.family=0] Passed transparently to [Node.js' `dns.lookup()`](https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html#dns_dns_lookup_hostname_options_callback) function. May be either `0, `4`, or `6`. `4` means use IPv4 only, `6` means use IPv6 only, `0` means try both.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.autoCreate=false] Set to `true` to make Mongoose automatically call `createCollection()` on every model created on this connection.
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @returns {Connection} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.openUri = function(uri, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  if (['string', 'number'].indexOf(typeof options) !== -1) {
+    throw new MongooseError('Mongoose 5.x no longer supports ' +
+      '`mongoose.connect(host, dbname, port)` or ' +
+      '`mongoose.createConnection(host, dbname, port)`. See ' +
+      'http://mongoosejs.com/docs/connections.html for supported connection syntax');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof uri !== 'string') {
+    throw new MongooseError('The `uri` parameter to `openUri()` must be a ' +
+      `string, got "${typeof uri}". Make sure the first parameter to ` +
+      '`mongoose.connect()` or `mongoose.createConnection()` is a string.');
+  }
+
+  if (callback != null && typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new MongooseError('3rd parameter to `mongoose.connect()` or ' +
+      '`mongoose.createConnection()` must be a function, got "' +
+      typeof callback + '"');
+  }
+
+  if (this.readyState === STATES.connecting || this.readyState === STATES.connected) {
+    if (this._connectionString !== uri) {
+      throw new MongooseError('Can\'t call `openUri()` on an active connection with ' +
+        'different connection strings. Make sure you aren\'t calling `mongoose.connect()` ' +
+        'multiple times. See: https://mongoosejs.com/docs/connections.html#multiple_connections');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      this.$initialConnection = this.$initialConnection.then(
+        () => callback(null, this),
+        err => callback(err)
+      );
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this._connectionString = uri;
+  this.readyState = STATES.connecting;
+  this._closeCalled = false;
+
+  const Promise = PromiseProvider.get();
+  const _this = this;
+
+  if (options) {
+    options = utils.clone(options);
+
+    const autoIndex = options.config && options.config.autoIndex != null ?
+      options.config.autoIndex :
+      options.autoIndex;
+    if (autoIndex != null) {
+      this.config.autoIndex = autoIndex !== false;
+      delete options.config;
+      delete options.autoIndex;
+    }
+
+    if ('autoCreate' in options) {
+      this.config.autoCreate = !!options.autoCreate;
+      delete options.autoCreate;
+    }
+    if ('useCreateIndex' in options) {
+      this.config.useCreateIndex = !!options.useCreateIndex;
+      delete options.useCreateIndex;
+    }
+
+    if ('useFindAndModify' in options) {
+      this.config.useFindAndModify = !!options.useFindAndModify;
+      delete options.useFindAndModify;
+    }
+
+    // Backwards compat
+    if (options.user || options.pass) {
+      options.auth = options.auth || {};
+      options.auth.user = options.user;
+      options.auth.password = options.pass;
+
+      this.user = options.user;
+      this.pass = options.pass;
+    }
+    delete options.user;
+    delete options.pass;
+
+    if (options.bufferCommands != null) {
+      if (options.bufferMaxEntries == null) {
+        options.bufferMaxEntries = 0;
+      }
+      this.config.bufferCommands = options.bufferCommands;
+      delete options.bufferCommands;
+    }
+
+    if (options.useMongoClient != null) {
+      handleUseMongoClient(options);
+    }
+  } else {
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  this._connectionOptions = options;
+  const dbName = options.dbName;
+  if (dbName != null) {
+    this.$dbName = dbName;
+  }
+  delete options.dbName;
+
+  if (!('promiseLibrary' in options)) {
+    options.promiseLibrary = PromiseProvider.get();
+  }
+  if (!('useNewUrlParser' in options)) {
+    if ('useNewUrlParser' in this.base.options) {
+      options.useNewUrlParser = this.base.options.useNewUrlParser;
+    } else {
+      options.useNewUrlParser = false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(options, 'useUnifiedTopology')) {
+    if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(this.base.options, 'useUnifiedTopology')) {
+      options.useUnifiedTopology = this.base.options.useUnifiedTopology;
+    } else {
+      options.useUnifiedTopology = false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(options, 'driverInfo')) {
+    options.driverInfo = {
+      name: 'Mongoose',
+      version: pkg.version
+    };
+  }
+
+  const parsePromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    parseConnectionString(uri, options, (err, parsed) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return reject(err);
+      }
+      if (dbName) {
+        this.name = dbName;
+      } else if (parsed.defaultDatabase) {
+        this.name = parsed.defaultDatabase;
+      } else {
+        this.name = get(parsed, 'auth.db', null);
+      }
+      this.host = get(parsed, 'hosts.0.host', 'localhost');
+      this.port = get(parsed, 'hosts.0.port', 27017);
+      this.user = this.user || get(parsed, 'auth.username');
+      this.pass = this.pass || get(parsed, 'auth.password');
+      resolve();
+    });
+  });
+
+  const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const client = new mongodb.MongoClient(uri, options);
+    _this.client = client;
+    client.connect((error) => {
+      if (error) {
+        return reject(error);
+      }
+
+      _setClient(_this, client, options, dbName);
+
+      resolve(_this);
+    });
+  });
+
+  const serverSelectionError = new ServerSelectionError();
+  this.$initialConnection = Promise.all([promise, parsePromise]).
+    then(res => res[0]).
+    catch(err => {
+      this.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+      if (err != null && err.name === 'MongoServerSelectionError') {
+        err = serverSelectionError.assimilateError(err);
+      }
+
+      if (this.listeners('error').length > 0) {
+        immediate(() => this.emit('error', err));
+      }
+      throw err;
+    });
+  this.then = function(resolve, reject) {
+    return this.$initialConnection.then(() => {
+      if (typeof resolve === 'function') {
+        return resolve(_this);
+      }
+    }, reject);
+  };
+  this.catch = function(reject) {
+    return this.$initialConnection.catch(reject);
+  };
+
+  if (callback != null) {
+    this.$initialConnection = this.$initialConnection.then(
+      () => callback(null, this),
+      err => callback(err)
+    );
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+function _setClient(conn, client, options, dbName) {
+  const db = dbName != null ? client.db(dbName) : client.db();
+  conn.db = db;
+  conn.client = client;
+  conn._closeCalled = client._closeCalled;
+
+  const _handleReconnect = () => {
+    // If we aren't disconnected, we assume this reconnect is due to a
+    // socket timeout. If there's no activity on a socket for
+    // `socketTimeoutMS`, the driver will attempt to reconnect and emit
+    // this event.
+    if (conn.readyState !== STATES.connected) {
+      conn.readyState = STATES.connected;
+      conn.emit('reconnect');
+      conn.emit('reconnected');
+      conn.onOpen();
+    }
+  };
+
+  // `useUnifiedTopology` events
+  const type = get(db, 's.topology.s.description.type', '');
+  if (options.useUnifiedTopology) {
+    if (type === 'Single') {
+      const server = Array.from(db.s.topology.s.servers.values())[0];
+      server.s.topology.on('serverHeartbeatSucceeded', () => {
+        _handleReconnect();
+      });
+      server.s.pool.on('reconnect', () => {
+        _handleReconnect();
+      });
+      client.on('serverDescriptionChanged', ev => {
+        const newDescription = ev.newDescription;
+        if (newDescription.type === 'Standalone') {
+          _handleReconnect();
+        } else {
+          conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+        }
+      });
+    } else if (type.startsWith('ReplicaSet')) {
+      client.on('topologyDescriptionChanged', ev => {
+        // Emit disconnected if we've lost connectivity to _all_ servers
+        // in the replica set.
+        const description = ev.newDescription;
+        const servers = Array.from(ev.newDescription.servers.values());
+        const allServersDisconnected = description.type === 'ReplicaSetNoPrimary' &&
+          servers.reduce((cur, d) => cur || d.type === 'Unknown', false);
+        if (conn.readyState === STATES.connected && allServersDisconnected) {
+          // Implicitly emits 'disconnected'
+          conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+        } else if (conn.readyState === STATES.disconnected && !allServersDisconnected) {
+          _handleReconnect();
+        }
+      });
+
+      client.on('close', function() {
+        const type = get(db, 's.topology.s.description.type', '');
+        if (type !== 'ReplicaSetWithPrimary') {
+          // Implicitly emits 'disconnected'
+          conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Backwards compat for mongoose 4.x
+  db.s.topology.on('reconnectFailed', function() {
+    conn.emit('reconnectFailed');
+  });
+
+  if (!options.useUnifiedTopology) {
+    client.on('reconnect', function() {
+      _handleReconnect();
+    });
+
+    db.s.topology.on('left', function(data) {
+      conn.emit('left', data);
+    });
+  }
+  db.s.topology.on('joined', function(data) {
+    conn.emit('joined', data);
+  });
+  db.s.topology.on('fullsetup', function(data) {
+    conn.emit('fullsetup', data);
+  });
+  if (get(db, 's.topology.s.coreTopology.s.pool') != null) {
+    db.s.topology.s.coreTopology.s.pool.on('attemptReconnect', function() {
+      conn.emit('attemptReconnect');
+    });
+  }
+  if (!options.useUnifiedTopology) {
+    client.on('close', function() {
+      // Implicitly emits 'disconnected'
+      conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+    });
+  } else if (!type.startsWith('ReplicaSet')) {
+    client.on('close', function() {
+      // Implicitly emits 'disconnected'
+      conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!options.useUnifiedTopology) {
+    client.on('left', function() {
+      if (conn.readyState === STATES.connected &&
+          get(db, 's.topology.s.coreTopology.s.replicaSetState.topologyType') === 'ReplicaSetNoPrimary') {
+        conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+      }
+    });
+
+    client.on('timeout', function() {
+      conn.emit('timeout');
+    });
+  }
+
+  delete conn.then;
+  delete conn.catch;
+
+  conn.onOpen();
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const handleUseMongoClient = function handleUseMongoClient(options) {
+  console.warn('WARNING: The `useMongoClient` option is no longer ' +
+    'necessary in mongoose 5.x, please remove it.');
+  const stack = new Error().stack;
+  console.warn(stack.substr(stack.indexOf('\n') + 1));
+  delete options.useMongoClient;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Closes the connection
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} [force] optional
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.close = function(force, callback) {
+  if (typeof force === 'function') {
+    callback = force;
+    force = false;
+  }
+
+  this.$wasForceClosed = !!force;
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    this._close(force, cb);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles closing the connection
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} force
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+Connection.prototype._close = function(force, callback) {
+  const _this = this;
+  const closeCalled = this._closeCalled;
+  this._closeCalled = true;
+  if (this.client != null) {
+    this.client._closeCalled = true;
+  }
+
+  switch (this.readyState) {
+    case STATES.disconnected:
+      if (closeCalled) {
+        callback();
+      } else {
+        this.doClose(force, function(err) {
+          if (err) {
+            return callback(err);
+          }
+          _this.onClose(force);
+          callback(null);
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case STATES.connected:
+      this.readyState = STATES.disconnecting;
+      this.doClose(force, function(err) {
+        if (err) {
+          return callback(err);
+        }
+        _this.onClose(force);
+        callback(null);
+      });
+
+      break;
+    case STATES.connecting:
+      this.once('open', function() {
+        _this.close(callback);
+      });
+      break;
+
+    case STATES.disconnecting:
+      this.once('close', function() {
+        callback();
+      });
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called when the connection closes
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.onClose = function(force) {
+  this.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+
+  // avoid having the collection subscribe to our event emitter
+  // to prevent 0.3 warning
+  for (const i in this.collections) {
+    if (utils.object.hasOwnProperty(this.collections, i)) {
+      this.collections[i].onClose(force);
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.emit('close', force);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves a collection, creating it if not cached.
+ *
+ * Not typically needed by applications. Just talk to your collection through your model.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name of the collection
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional collection options
+ * @return {Collection} collection instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.collection = function(name, options) {
+  const defaultOptions = {
+    autoIndex: this.config.autoIndex != null ? this.config.autoIndex : this.base.options.autoIndex,
+    autoCreate: this.config.autoCreate != null ? this.config.autoCreate : this.base.options.autoCreate
+  };
+  options = Object.assign({}, defaultOptions, options ? utils.clone(options) : {});
+  options.$wasForceClosed = this.$wasForceClosed;
+  if (!(name in this.collections)) {
+    this.collections[name] = new Collection(name, this, options);
+  }
+  return this.collections[name];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares a plugin executed on all schemas you pass to `conn.model()`
+ *
+ * Equivalent to calling `.plugin(fn)` on each schema you create.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const db = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb');
+ *     db.plugin(() => console.log('Applied'));
+ *     db.plugins.length; // 1
+ *
+ *     db.model('Test', new Schema({})); // Prints "Applied"
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn plugin callback
+ * @param {Object} [opts] optional options
+ * @return {Connection} this
+ * @see plugins ./plugins.html
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.plugin = function(fn, opts) {
+  this.plugins.push([fn, opts]);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines or retrieves a model.
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const db = mongoose.createConnection(..);
+ *     db.model('Venue', new Schema(..));
+ *     const Ticket = db.model('Ticket', new Schema(..));
+ *     const Venue = db.model('Venue');
+ *
+ * _When no `collection` argument is passed, Mongoose produces a collection name by passing the model `name` to the [utils.toCollectionName](#utils_exports.toCollectionName) method. This method pluralizes the name. If you don't like this behavior, either pass a collection name or set your schemas collection name option._
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String }, { collection: 'actor' });
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *
+ *     schema.set('collection', 'actor');
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *
+ *     const collectionName = 'actor'
+ *     const M = conn.model('Actor', schema, collectionName)
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} name the model name or class extending Model
+ * @param {Schema} [schema] a schema. necessary when defining a model
+ * @param {String} [collection] name of mongodb collection (optional) if not given it will be induced from model name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.overwriteModels=false] If true, overwrite existing models with the same name to avoid `OverwriteModelError`
+ * @see Mongoose#model #index_Mongoose-model
+ * @return {Model} The compiled model
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.model = function(name, schema, collection, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Connection)) {
+    throw new MongooseError('`connection.model()` should not be run with ' +
+      '`new`. If you are doing `new db.model(foo)(bar)`, use ' +
+      '`db.model(foo)(bar)` instead');
+  }
+
+  let fn;
+  if (typeof name === 'function') {
+    fn = name;
+    name = fn.name;
+  }
+
+  // collection name discovery
+  if (typeof schema === 'string') {
+    collection = schema;
+    schema = false;
+  }
+
+  if (utils.isObject(schema) && !schema.instanceOfSchema) {
+    schema = new Schema(schema);
+  }
+  if (schema && !schema.instanceOfSchema) {
+    throw new Error('The 2nd parameter to `mongoose.model()` should be a ' +
+      'schema or a POJO');
+  }
+
+  const defaultOptions = { cache: false, overwriteModels: this.base.options.overwriteModels };
+  const opts = Object.assign(defaultOptions, options, { connection: this });
+  if (this.models[name] && !collection && opts.overwriteModels !== true) {
+    // model exists but we are not subclassing with custom collection
+    if (schema && schema.instanceOfSchema && schema !== this.models[name].schema) {
+      throw new MongooseError.OverwriteModelError(name);
+    }
+    return this.models[name];
+  }
+
+  let model;
+
+  if (schema && schema.instanceOfSchema) {
+    applyPlugins(schema, this.plugins, null, '$connectionPluginsApplied');
+
+    // compile a model
+    model = this.base.model(fn || name, schema, collection, opts);
+
+    // only the first model with this name is cached to allow
+    // for one-offs with custom collection names etc.
+    if (!this.models[name]) {
+      this.models[name] = model;
+    }
+
+    // Errors handled internally, so safe to ignore error
+    model.init(function $modelInitNoop() {});
+
+    return model;
+  }
+
+  if (this.models[name] && collection) {
+    // subclassing current model with alternate collection
+    model = this.models[name];
+    schema = model.prototype.schema;
+    const sub = model.__subclass(this, schema, collection);
+    // do not cache the sub model
+    return sub;
+  }
+
+  // lookup model in mongoose module
+  model = this.base.models[name];
+
+  if (!model) {
+    throw new MongooseError.MissingSchemaError(name);
+  }
+
+  if (this === model.prototype.db
+      && (!collection || collection === model.collection.name)) {
+    // model already uses this connection.
+
+    // only the first model with this name is cached to allow
+    // for one-offs with custom collection names etc.
+    if (!this.models[name]) {
+      this.models[name] = model;
+    }
+
+    return model;
+  }
+  this.models[name] = model.__subclass(this, schema, collection);
+  return this.models[name];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes the model named `name` from this connection, if it exists. You can
+ * use this function to clean up any models you created in your tests to
+ * prevent OverwriteModelErrors.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     conn.model('User', new Schema({ name: String }));
+ *     console.log(conn.model('User')); // Model object
+ *     conn.deleteModel('User');
+ *     console.log(conn.model('User')); // undefined
+ *
+ *     // Usually useful in a Mocha `afterEach()` hook
+ *     afterEach(function() {
+ *       conn.deleteModel(/.+/); // Delete every model
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {String|RegExp} name if string, the name of the model to remove. If regexp, removes all models whose name matches the regexp.
+ * @return {Connection} this
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.deleteModel = function(name) {
+  if (typeof name === 'string') {
+    const model = this.model(name);
+    if (model == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    const collectionName = model.collection.name;
+    delete this.models[name];
+    delete this.collections[collectionName];
+    delete this.base.modelSchemas[name];
+
+    this.emit('deleteModel', model);
+  } else if (name instanceof RegExp) {
+    const pattern = name;
+    const names = this.modelNames();
+    for (const name of names) {
+      if (pattern.test(name)) {
+        this.deleteModel(name);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('First parameter to `deleteModel()` must be a string ' +
+      'or regexp, got "' + name + '"');
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Watches the entire underlying database for changes. Similar to
+ * [`Model.watch()`](/docs/api/model.html#model_Model.watch).
+ *
+ * This function does **not** trigger any middleware. In particular, it
+ * does **not** trigger aggregate middleware.
+ *
+ * The ChangeStream object is an event emitter that emits the following events:
+ *
+ * - 'change': A change occurred, see below example
+ * - 'error': An unrecoverable error occurred. In particular, change streams currently error out if they lose connection to the replica set primary. Follow [this GitHub issue](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6799) for updates.
+ * - 'end': Emitted if the underlying stream is closed
+ * - 'close': Emitted if the underlying stream is closed
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const User = conn.model('User', new Schema({ name: String }));
+ *
+ *     const changeStream = conn.watch().on('change', data => console.log(data));
+ *
+ *     // Triggers a 'change' event on the change stream.
+ *     await User.create({ name: 'test' });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline]
+ * @param {Object} [options] passed without changes to [the MongoDB driver's `Db#watch()` function](https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.4/api/Db.html#watch)
+ * @return {ChangeStream} mongoose-specific change stream wrapper, inherits from EventEmitter
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.watch = function(pipeline, options) {
+  const disconnectedError = new MongooseError('Connection ' + this.id +
+    ' was disconnected when calling `watch()`');
+
+  const changeStreamThunk = cb => {
+    immediate(() => {
+      if (this.readyState === STATES.connecting) {
+        this.once('open', function() {
+          const driverChangeStream = this.db.watch(pipeline, options);
+          cb(null, driverChangeStream);
+        });
+      } else if (this.readyState === STATES.disconnected && this.db == null) {
+        cb(disconnectedError);
+      } else {
+        const driverChangeStream = this.db.watch(pipeline, options);
+        cb(null, driverChangeStream);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  const changeStream = new ChangeStream(changeStreamThunk, pipeline, options);
+  return changeStream;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of model names created on this connection.
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.modelNames = function() {
+  return Object.keys(this.models);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Returns if the connection requires authentication after it is opened. Generally if a
+ * username and password are both provided than authentication is needed, but in some cases a
+ * password is not required.
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Boolean} true if the connection should be authenticated after it is opened, otherwise false.
+ */
+Connection.prototype.shouldAuthenticate = function() {
+  return this.user != null &&
+    (this.pass != null || this.authMechanismDoesNotRequirePassword());
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Returns a boolean value that specifies if the current authentication mechanism needs a
+ * password to authenticate according to the auth objects passed into the openUri methods.
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Boolean} true if the authentication mechanism specified in the options object requires
+ *  a password, otherwise false.
+ */
+Connection.prototype.authMechanismDoesNotRequirePassword = function() {
+  if (this.options && this.options.auth) {
+    return noPasswordAuthMechanisms.indexOf(this.options.auth.authMechanism) >= 0;
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Returns a boolean value that specifies if the provided objects object provides enough
+ * data to authenticate with. Generally this is true if the username and password are both specified
+ * but in some authentication methods, a password is not required for authentication so only a username
+ * is required.
+ * @param {Object} [options] the options object passed into the openUri methods.
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Boolean} true if the provided options object provides enough data to authenticate with,
+ *   otherwise false.
+ */
+Connection.prototype.optionsProvideAuthenticationData = function(options) {
+  return (options) &&
+      (options.user) &&
+      ((options.pass) || this.authMechanismDoesNotRequirePassword());
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the [MongoDB driver `MongoClient`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.5/api/MongoClient.html) instance
+ * that this connection uses to talk to MongoDB.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const conn = await mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/test');
+ *
+ *     conn.getClient(); // MongoClient { ... }
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {MongoClient}
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.getClient = function getClient() {
+  return this.client;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the [MongoDB driver `MongoClient`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.5/api/MongoClient.html) instance
+ * that this connection uses to talk to MongoDB. This is useful if you already have a MongoClient instance, and want to
+ * reuse it.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const client = await mongodb.MongoClient.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/test');
+ *
+ *     const conn = mongoose.createConnection().setClient(client);
+ *
+ *     conn.getClient(); // MongoClient { ... }
+ *     conn.readyState; // 1, means 'CONNECTED'
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Connection} this
+ */
+
+Connection.prototype.setClient = function setClient(client) {
+  if (!(client instanceof mongodb.MongoClient)) {
+    throw new MongooseError('Must call `setClient()` with an instance of MongoClient');
+  }
+  if (this.client != null || this.readyState !== STATES.disconnected) {
+    throw new MongooseError('Cannot call `setClient()` on a connection that is already connected.');
+  }
+  if (!client.isConnected()) {
+    throw new MongooseError('Cannot call `setClient()` with a MongoClient that is not connected.');
+  }
+
+  this._connectionString = client.s.url;
+  _setClient(this, client, { useUnifiedTopology: client.s.options.useUnifiedTopology }, client.s.options.dbName);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Switches to a different database using the same connection pool.
+ *
+ * Returns a new connection object, with the new db.
+ *
+ * @method useDb
+ * @memberOf Connection
+ * @param {String} name The database name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useCache=false] If true, cache results so calling `useDb()` multiple times with the same name only creates 1 connection object.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.noListener=false] If true, the connection object will not make the db listen to events on the original connection. See [issue #9961](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/9961).
+ * @return {Connection} New Connection Object
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+Connection.STATES = STATES;
+module.exports = Connection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connectionstate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connectionstate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..920f45bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connectionstate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Connection states
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const STATES = module.exports = exports = Object.create(null);
+
+const disconnected = 'disconnected';
+const connected = 'connected';
+const connecting = 'connecting';
+const disconnecting = 'disconnecting';
+const uninitialized = 'uninitialized';
+
+STATES[0] = disconnected;
+STATES[1] = connected;
+STATES[2] = connecting;
+STATES[3] = disconnecting;
+STATES[99] = uninitialized;
+
+STATES[disconnected] = 0;
+STATES[connected] = 1;
+STATES[connecting] = 2;
+STATES[disconnecting] = 3;
+STATES[uninitialized] = 99;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/AggregationCursor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/AggregationCursor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6131bab5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/AggregationCursor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('../error/mongooseError');
+const Readable = require('stream').Readable;
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const eachAsync = require('../helpers/cursor/eachAsync');
+const immediate = require('../helpers/immediate');
+const util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * An AggregationCursor is a concurrency primitive for processing aggregation
+ * results one document at a time. It is analogous to QueryCursor.
+ *
+ * An AggregationCursor fulfills the Node.js streams3 API,
+ * in addition to several other mechanisms for loading documents from MongoDB
+ * one at a time.
+ *
+ * Creating an AggregationCursor executes the model's pre aggregate hooks,
+ * but **not** the model's post aggregate hooks.
+ *
+ * Unless you're an advanced user, do **not** instantiate this class directly.
+ * Use [`Aggregate#cursor()`](/docs/api.html#aggregate_Aggregate-cursor) instead.
+ *
+ * @param {Aggregate} agg
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits Readable
+ * @event `cursor`: Emitted when the cursor is created
+ * @event `error`: Emitted when an error occurred
+ * @event `data`: Emitted when the stream is flowing and the next doc is ready
+ * @event `end`: Emitted when the stream is exhausted
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function AggregationCursor(agg) {
+  Readable.call(this, { objectMode: true });
+
+  this.cursor = null;
+  this.agg = agg;
+  this._transforms = [];
+  const model = agg._model;
+  delete agg.options.cursor.useMongooseAggCursor;
+  this._mongooseOptions = {};
+
+  _init(model, this, agg);
+}
+
+util.inherits(AggregationCursor, Readable);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _init(model, c, agg) {
+  if (!model.collection.buffer) {
+    model.hooks.execPre('aggregate', agg, function() {
+      c.cursor = model.collection.aggregate(agg._pipeline, agg.options || {});
+      c.emit('cursor', c.cursor);
+    });
+  } else {
+    model.collection.emitter.once('queue', function() {
+      model.hooks.execPre('aggregate', agg, function() {
+        c.cursor = model.collection.aggregate(agg._pipeline, agg.options || {});
+        c.emit('cursor', c.cursor);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Necessary to satisfy the Readable API
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype._read = function() {
+  const _this = this;
+  _next(this, function(error, doc) {
+    if (error) {
+      return _this.emit('error', error);
+    }
+    if (!doc) {
+      _this.push(null);
+      _this.cursor.close(function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return _this.emit('error', error);
+        }
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          // on node >= 14 streams close automatically (gh-8834)
+          const isNotClosedAutomatically = !_this.destroyed;
+          if (isNotClosedAutomatically) {
+            _this.emit('close');
+          }
+        }, 0);
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    _this.push(doc);
+  });
+};
+
+if (Symbol.asyncIterator != null) {
+  const msg = 'Mongoose does not support using async iterators with an ' +
+    'existing aggregation cursor. See http://bit.ly/mongoose-async-iterate-aggregation';
+
+  AggregationCursor.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() {
+    throw new MongooseError(msg);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Registers a transform function which subsequently maps documents retrieved
+ * via the streams interface or `.next()`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Map documents returned by `data` events
+ *     Thing.
+ *       find({ name: /^hello/ }).
+ *       cursor().
+ *       map(function (doc) {
+ *        doc.foo = "bar";
+ *        return doc;
+ *       })
+ *       on('data', function(doc) { console.log(doc.foo); });
+ *
+ *     // Or map documents returned by `.next()`
+ *     const cursor = Thing.find({ name: /^hello/ }).
+ *       cursor().
+ *       map(function (doc) {
+ *         doc.foo = "bar";
+ *         return doc;
+ *       });
+ *     cursor.next(function(error, doc) {
+ *       console.log(doc.foo);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {AggregationCursor}
+ * @api public
+ * @method map
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype.map = function(fn) {
+  this._transforms.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Marks this cursor as errored
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype._markError = function(error) {
+  this._error = error;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks this cursor as closed. Will stop streaming and subsequent calls to
+ * `next()` will error.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method close
+ * @emits close
+ * @see MongoDB driver cursor#close http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Cursor.html#close
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype.close = function(callback) {
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    this.cursor.close(error => {
+      if (error) {
+        cb(error);
+        return this.listeners('error').length > 0 && this.emit('error', error);
+      }
+      this.emit('close');
+      cb(null);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the next document from this cursor. Will return `null` when there are
+ * no documents left.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method next
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype.next = function(callback) {
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    _next(this, cb);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute `fn` for every document in the cursor. If `fn` returns a promise,
+ * will wait for the promise to resolve before iterating on to the next one.
+ * Returns a promise that resolves when done.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Number} [options.parallel] the number of promises to execute in parallel. Defaults to 1.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] executed when all docs have been processed
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method eachAsync
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype.eachAsync = function(fn, opts, callback) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+    callback = opts;
+    opts = {};
+  }
+  opts = opts || {};
+
+  return eachAsync(function(cb) { return _next(_this, cb); }, fn, opts, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an asyncIterator for use with [`for/await/of` loops](https://thecodebarbarian.com/getting-started-with-async-iterators-in-node-js
+ * You do not need to call this function explicitly, the JavaScript runtime
+ * will call it for you.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Async iterator without explicitly calling `cursor()`. Mongoose still
+ *     // creates an AggregationCursor instance internally.
+ *     const agg = Model.aggregate([{ $match: { age: { $gte: 25 } } }]);
+ *     for await (const doc of agg) {
+ *       console.log(doc.name);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // You can also use an AggregationCursor instance for async iteration
+ *     const cursor = Model.aggregate([{ $match: { age: { $gte: 25 } } }]).cursor();
+ *     for await (const doc of cursor) {
+ *       console.log(doc.name);
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Node.js 10.x supports async iterators natively without any flags. You can
+ * enable async iterators in Node.js 8.x using the [`--harmony_async_iteration` flag](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-async-iteration/issues/117#issuecomment-346695187).
+ *
+ * **Note:** This function is not set if `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined. If
+ * `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined, that means your Node.js version does not
+ * support async iterators.
+ *
+ * @method Symbol.asyncIterator
+ * @memberOf AggregationCursor
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+if (Symbol.asyncIterator != null) {
+  AggregationCursor.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() {
+    return this.transformNull()._transformForAsyncIterator();
+  };
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype._transformForAsyncIterator = function() {
+  if (this._transforms.indexOf(_transformForAsyncIterator) === -1) {
+    this.map(_transformForAsyncIterator);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype.transformNull = function(val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    val = true;
+  }
+  this._mongooseOptions.transformNull = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _transformForAsyncIterator(doc) {
+  return doc == null ? { done: true } : { value: doc, done: false };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a [cursor flag](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Cursor.html#addCursorFlag).
+ * Useful for setting the `noCursorTimeout` and `tailable` flags.
+ *
+ * @param {String} flag
+ * @param {Boolean} value
+ * @return {AggregationCursor} this
+ * @api public
+ * @method addCursorFlag
+ */
+
+AggregationCursor.prototype.addCursorFlag = function(flag, value) {
+  const _this = this;
+  _waitForCursor(this, function() {
+    _this.cursor.addCursorFlag(flag, value);
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _waitForCursor(ctx, cb) {
+  if (ctx.cursor) {
+    return cb();
+  }
+  ctx.once('cursor', function() {
+    cb();
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Get the next doc from the underlying cursor and mongooseify it
+ * (populate, etc.)
+ */
+
+function _next(ctx, cb) {
+  let callback = cb;
+  if (ctx._transforms.length) {
+    callback = function(err, doc) {
+      if (err || (doc === null && !ctx._mongooseOptions.transformNull)) {
+        return cb(err, doc);
+      }
+      cb(err, ctx._transforms.reduce(function(doc, fn) {
+        return fn(doc);
+      }, doc));
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (ctx._error) {
+    return immediate(function() {
+      callback(ctx._error);
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (ctx.cursor) {
+    return ctx.cursor.next(function(error, doc) {
+      if (error) {
+        return callback(error);
+      }
+      if (!doc) {
+        return callback(null, null);
+      }
+
+      callback(null, doc);
+    });
+  } else {
+    ctx.once('cursor', function() {
+      _next(ctx, cb);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = AggregationCursor;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/ChangeStream.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/ChangeStream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3445b06b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/ChangeStream.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+class ChangeStream extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(changeStreamThunk, pipeline, options) {
+    super();
+
+    this.driverChangeStream = null;
+    this.closed = false;
+    this.pipeline = pipeline;
+    this.options = options;
+
+    // This wrapper is necessary because of buffering.
+    changeStreamThunk((err, driverChangeStream) => {
+      if (err != null) {
+        this.emit('error', err);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.driverChangeStream = driverChangeStream;
+      this._bindEvents();
+      this.emit('ready');
+    });
+  }
+
+  _bindEvents() {
+    this.driverChangeStream.on('close', () => {
+      this.closed = true;
+    });
+
+    ['close', 'change', 'end', 'error'].forEach(ev => {
+      this.driverChangeStream.on(ev, data => this.emit(ev, data));
+    });
+  }
+
+  _queue(cb) {
+    this.once('ready', () => cb());
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    this.closed = true;
+    if (this.driverChangeStream) {
+      this.driverChangeStream.close();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = ChangeStream;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/QueryCursor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/QueryCursor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c016a2fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/cursor/QueryCursor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const Readable = require('stream').Readable;
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const eachAsync = require('../helpers/cursor/eachAsync');
+const helpers = require('../queryhelpers');
+const immediate = require('../helpers/immediate');
+const util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * A QueryCursor is a concurrency primitive for processing query results
+ * one document at a time. A QueryCursor fulfills the Node.js streams3 API,
+ * in addition to several other mechanisms for loading documents from MongoDB
+ * one at a time.
+ *
+ * QueryCursors execute the model's pre `find` hooks before loading any documents
+ * from MongoDB, and the model's post `find` hooks after loading each document.
+ *
+ * Unless you're an advanced user, do **not** instantiate this class directly.
+ * Use [`Query#cursor()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-cursor) instead.
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query
+ * @param {Object} options query options passed to `.find()`
+ * @inherits Readable
+ * @event `cursor`: Emitted when the cursor is created
+ * @event `error`: Emitted when an error occurred
+ * @event `data`: Emitted when the stream is flowing and the next doc is ready
+ * @event `end`: Emitted when the stream is exhausted
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function QueryCursor(query, options) {
+  Readable.call(this, { objectMode: true });
+
+  this.cursor = null;
+  this.query = query;
+  const _this = this;
+  const model = query.model;
+  this._mongooseOptions = {};
+  this._transforms = [];
+  this.model = model;
+  this.options = options || {};
+
+  model.hooks.execPre('find', query, () => {
+    this._transforms = this._transforms.concat(query._transforms.slice());
+    if (this.options.transform) {
+      this._transforms.push(options.transform);
+    }
+    // Re: gh-8039, you need to set the `cursor.batchSize` option, top-level
+    // `batchSize` option doesn't work.
+    if (this.options.batchSize) {
+      this.options.cursor = options.cursor || {};
+      this.options.cursor.batchSize = options.batchSize;
+    }
+    model.collection.find(query._conditions, this.options, function(err, cursor) {
+      if (_this._error) {
+        if (cursor != null) {
+          cursor.close(function() {});
+        }
+        _this.emit('cursor', null);
+        _this.listeners('error').length > 0 && _this.emit('error', _this._error);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (err) {
+        return _this.emit('error', err);
+      }
+      _this.cursor = cursor;
+      _this.emit('cursor', cursor);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+util.inherits(QueryCursor, Readable);
+
+/*!
+ * Necessary to satisfy the Readable API
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype._read = function() {
+  const _this = this;
+  _next(this, function(error, doc) {
+    if (error) {
+      return _this.emit('error', error);
+    }
+    if (!doc) {
+      _this.push(null);
+      _this.cursor.close(function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return _this.emit('error', error);
+        }
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          // on node >= 14 streams close automatically (gh-8834)
+          const isNotClosedAutomatically = !_this.destroyed;
+          if (isNotClosedAutomatically) {
+            _this.emit('close');
+          }
+        }, 0);
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    _this.push(doc);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Registers a transform function which subsequently maps documents retrieved
+ * via the streams interface or `.next()`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Map documents returned by `data` events
+ *     Thing.
+ *       find({ name: /^hello/ }).
+ *       cursor().
+ *       map(function (doc) {
+ *        doc.foo = "bar";
+ *        return doc;
+ *       })
+ *       on('data', function(doc) { console.log(doc.foo); });
+ *
+ *     // Or map documents returned by `.next()`
+ *     const cursor = Thing.find({ name: /^hello/ }).
+ *       cursor().
+ *       map(function (doc) {
+ *         doc.foo = "bar";
+ *         return doc;
+ *       });
+ *     cursor.next(function(error, doc) {
+ *       console.log(doc.foo);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {QueryCursor}
+ * @api public
+ * @method map
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.map = function(fn) {
+  this._transforms.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Marks this cursor as errored
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype._markError = function(error) {
+  this._error = error;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks this cursor as closed. Will stop streaming and subsequent calls to
+ * `next()` will error.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method close
+ * @emits close
+ * @see MongoDB driver cursor#close http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Cursor.html#close
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.close = function(callback) {
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    this.cursor.close(error => {
+      if (error) {
+        cb(error);
+        return this.listeners('error').length > 0 && this.emit('error', error);
+      }
+      this.emit('close');
+      cb(null);
+    });
+  }, this.model.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the next document from this cursor. Will return `null` when there are
+ * no documents left.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method next
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.next = function(callback) {
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    _next(this, function(error, doc) {
+      if (error) {
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+      cb(null, doc);
+    });
+  }, this.model.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Execute `fn` for every document in the cursor. If `fn` returns a promise,
+ * will wait for the promise to resolve before iterating on to the next one.
+ * Returns a promise that resolves when done.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Iterate over documents asynchronously
+ *     Thing.
+ *       find({ name: /^hello/ }).
+ *       cursor().
+ *       eachAsync(async function (doc, i) {
+ *         doc.foo = doc.bar + i;
+ *         await doc.save();
+ *       })
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Number} [options.parallel] the number of promises to execute in parallel. Defaults to 1.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] executed when all docs have been processed
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method eachAsync
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.eachAsync = function(fn, opts, callback) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+    callback = opts;
+    opts = {};
+  }
+  opts = opts || {};
+
+  return eachAsync(function(cb) { return _next(_this, cb); }, fn, opts, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The `options` passed in to the `QueryCursor` constructor.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property options
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.options;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a [cursor flag](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Cursor.html#addCursorFlag).
+ * Useful for setting the `noCursorTimeout` and `tailable` flags.
+ *
+ * @param {String} flag
+ * @param {Boolean} value
+ * @return {AggregationCursor} this
+ * @api public
+ * @method addCursorFlag
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.addCursorFlag = function(flag, value) {
+  const _this = this;
+  _waitForCursor(this, function() {
+    _this.cursor.addCursorFlag(flag, value);
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype.transformNull = function(val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    val = true;
+  }
+  this._mongooseOptions.transformNull = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+QueryCursor.prototype._transformForAsyncIterator = function() {
+  if (this._transforms.indexOf(_transformForAsyncIterator) === -1) {
+    this.map(_transformForAsyncIterator);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an asyncIterator for use with [`for/await/of` loops](https://thecodebarbarian.com/getting-started-with-async-iterators-in-node-js).
+ * You do not need to call this function explicitly, the JavaScript runtime
+ * will call it for you.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Works without using `cursor()`
+ *     for await (const doc of Model.find([{ $sort: { name: 1 } }])) {
+ *       console.log(doc.name);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // Can also use `cursor()`
+ *     for await (const doc of Model.find([{ $sort: { name: 1 } }]).cursor()) {
+ *       console.log(doc.name);
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Node.js 10.x supports async iterators natively without any flags. You can
+ * enable async iterators in Node.js 8.x using the [`--harmony_async_iteration` flag](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-async-iteration/issues/117#issuecomment-346695187).
+ *
+ * **Note:** This function is not if `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined. If
+ * `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined, that means your Node.js version does not
+ * support async iterators.
+ *
+ * @method Symbol.asyncIterator
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+if (Symbol.asyncIterator != null) {
+  QueryCursor.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() {
+    return this.transformNull()._transformForAsyncIterator();
+  };
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _transformForAsyncIterator(doc) {
+  return doc == null ? { done: true } : { value: doc, done: false };
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Get the next doc from the underlying cursor and mongooseify it
+ * (populate, etc.)
+ */
+
+function _next(ctx, cb) {
+  let callback = cb;
+  if (ctx._transforms.length) {
+    callback = function(err, doc) {
+      if (err || (doc === null && !ctx._mongooseOptions.transformNull)) {
+        return cb(err, doc);
+      }
+      cb(err, ctx._transforms.reduce(function(doc, fn) {
+        return fn.call(ctx, doc);
+      }, doc));
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (ctx._error) {
+    return immediate(function() {
+      callback(ctx._error);
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (ctx.cursor) {
+    if (ctx.query._mongooseOptions.populate && !ctx._pop) {
+      ctx._pop = helpers.preparePopulationOptionsMQ(ctx.query,
+        ctx.query._mongooseOptions);
+      ctx._pop.__noPromise = true;
+    }
+    if (ctx.query._mongooseOptions.populate && ctx.options.batchSize > 1) {
+      if (ctx._batchDocs && ctx._batchDocs.length) {
+        // Return a cached populated doc
+        return _nextDoc(ctx, ctx._batchDocs.shift(), ctx._pop, callback);
+      } else if (ctx._batchExhausted) {
+        // Internal cursor reported no more docs. Act the same here
+        return callback(null, null);
+      } else {
+        // Request as many docs as batchSize, to populate them also in batch
+        ctx._batchDocs = [];
+        return ctx.cursor.next(_onNext.bind({ ctx, callback }));
+      }
+    } else {
+      return ctx.cursor.next(function(error, doc) {
+        if (error) {
+          return callback(error);
+        }
+        if (!doc) {
+          return callback(null, null);
+        }
+
+        if (!ctx.query._mongooseOptions.populate) {
+          return _nextDoc(ctx, doc, null, callback);
+        }
+
+        ctx.query.model.populate(doc, ctx._pop, function(err, doc) {
+          if (err) {
+            return callback(err);
+          }
+          return _nextDoc(ctx, doc, ctx._pop, callback);
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    ctx.once('cursor', function(cursor) {
+      if (cursor == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _next(ctx, cb);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _onNext(error, doc) {
+  if (error) {
+    return this.callback(error);
+  }
+  if (!doc) {
+    this.ctx._batchExhausted = true;
+    return _populateBatch.call(this);
+  }
+
+  this.ctx._batchDocs.push(doc);
+
+  if (this.ctx._batchDocs.length < this.ctx.options.batchSize) {
+    this.ctx.cursor.next(_onNext.bind(this));
+  } else {
+    _populateBatch.call(this);
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _populateBatch() {
+  if (!this.ctx._batchDocs.length) {
+    return this.callback(null, null);
+  }
+  const _this = this;
+  this.ctx.query.model.populate(this.ctx._batchDocs, this.ctx._pop, function(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      return _this.callback(err);
+    }
+
+    _nextDoc(_this.ctx, _this.ctx._batchDocs.shift(), _this.ctx._pop, _this.callback);
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _nextDoc(ctx, doc, pop, callback) {
+  if (ctx.query._mongooseOptions.lean) {
+    return ctx.model.hooks.execPost('find', ctx.query, [[doc]], err => {
+      if (err != null) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+      callback(null, doc);
+    });
+  }
+
+  _create(ctx, doc, pop, (err, doc) => {
+    if (err != null) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+    ctx.model.hooks.execPost('find', ctx.query, [[doc]], err => {
+      if (err != null) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+      callback(null, doc);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _waitForCursor(ctx, cb) {
+  if (ctx.cursor) {
+    return cb();
+  }
+  ctx.once('cursor', function(cursor) {
+    if (cursor == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    cb();
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Convert a raw doc into a full mongoose doc.
+ */
+
+function _create(ctx, doc, populatedIds, cb) {
+  const instance = helpers.createModel(ctx.query.model, doc, ctx.query._fields);
+  const opts = populatedIds ?
+    { populated: populatedIds } :
+    undefined;
+
+  instance.init(doc, opts, function(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      return cb(err);
+    }
+    cb(null, instance);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = QueryCursor;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/document.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/document.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d85a9ddd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/document.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4224 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const InternalCache = require('./internal');
+const MongooseError = require('./error/index');
+const MixedSchema = require('./schema/mixed');
+const ObjectExpectedError = require('./error/objectExpected');
+const ObjectParameterError = require('./error/objectParameter');
+const ParallelValidateError = require('./error/parallelValidate');
+const Schema = require('./schema');
+const StrictModeError = require('./error/strict');
+const ValidationError = require('./error/validation');
+const ValidatorError = require('./error/validator');
+const VirtualType = require('./virtualtype');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('./helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const cleanModifiedSubpaths = require('./helpers/document/cleanModifiedSubpaths');
+const compile = require('./helpers/document/compile').compile;
+const defineKey = require('./helpers/document/compile').defineKey;
+const flatten = require('./helpers/common').flatten;
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath = require('./helpers/document/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath');
+const handleSpreadDoc = require('./helpers/document/handleSpreadDoc');
+const idGetter = require('./plugins/idGetter');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+const isDefiningProjection = require('./helpers/projection/isDefiningProjection');
+const isExclusive = require('./helpers/projection/isExclusive');
+const inspect = require('util').inspect;
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('./options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+const queryhelpers = require('./queryhelpers');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+const isPromise = require('./helpers/isPromise');
+
+const clone = utils.clone;
+const deepEqual = utils.deepEqual;
+const isMongooseObject = utils.isMongooseObject;
+
+const arrayAtomicsBackupSymbol = Symbol('mongoose.Array#atomicsBackup');
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const documentArrayParent = require('./helpers/symbols').documentArrayParent;
+const documentIsModified = require('./helpers/symbols').documentIsModified;
+const documentModifiedPaths = require('./helpers/symbols').documentModifiedPaths;
+const documentSchemaSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').documentSchemaSymbol;
+const getSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').getSymbol;
+const populateModelSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').populateModelSymbol;
+const scopeSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').scopeSymbol;
+const schemaMixedSymbol = require('./schema/symbols').schemaMixedSymbol;
+
+let DocumentArray;
+let MongooseArray;
+let Embedded;
+
+const specialProperties = utils.specialProperties;
+
+/**
+ * The core Mongoose document constructor. You should not call this directly,
+ * the Mongoose [Model constructor](./api.html#Model) calls this for you.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj the values to set
+ * @param {Object} [fields] optional object containing the fields which were selected in the query returning this document and any populated paths data
+ * @param {Object} [options] various configuration options for the document
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.defaults=true] if `false`, skip applying default values to this document.
+ * @inherits NodeJS EventEmitter http://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_events_eventemitter
+ * @event `init`: Emitted on a document after it has been retrieved from the db and fully hydrated by Mongoose.
+ * @event `save`: Emitted when the document is successfully saved
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function Document(obj, fields, skipId, options) {
+  if (typeof skipId === 'object' && skipId != null) {
+    options = skipId;
+    skipId = options.skipId;
+  }
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+  const defaults = get(options, 'defaults', true);
+  options.defaults = defaults;
+  // Support `browserDocument.js` syntax
+  if (this.$__schema == null) {
+    const _schema = utils.isObject(fields) && !fields.instanceOfSchema ?
+      new Schema(fields) :
+      fields;
+    this.$__setSchema(_schema);
+    fields = skipId;
+    skipId = options;
+    options = arguments[4] || {};
+  }
+
+  this.$__ = new InternalCache;
+  this.$__.emitter = new EventEmitter();
+  this.isNew = 'isNew' in options ? options.isNew : true;
+  this.errors = undefined;
+  this.$__.$options = options || {};
+  this.$locals = {};
+  this.$op = null;
+  if (obj != null && typeof obj !== 'object') {
+    throw new ObjectParameterError(obj, 'obj', 'Document');
+  }
+
+  const schema = this.$__schema;
+
+  if (typeof fields === 'boolean' || fields === 'throw') {
+    this.$__.strictMode = fields;
+    fields = undefined;
+  } else {
+    this.$__.strictMode = schema.options.strict;
+    this.$__.selected = fields;
+  }
+
+  const requiredPaths = schema.requiredPaths(true);
+  for (const path of requiredPaths) {
+    this.$__.activePaths.require(path);
+  }
+
+  this.$__.emitter.setMaxListeners(0);
+
+  let exclude = null;
+
+  // determine if this doc is a result of a query with
+  // excluded fields
+  if (utils.isPOJO(fields)) {
+    exclude = isExclusive(fields);
+  }
+
+  const hasIncludedChildren = exclude === false && fields ?
+    $__hasIncludedChildren(fields) :
+    {};
+
+  if (this._doc == null) {
+    this.$__buildDoc(obj, fields, skipId, exclude, hasIncludedChildren, false);
+
+    // By default, defaults get applied **before** setting initial values
+    // Re: gh-6155
+    if (defaults) {
+      $__applyDefaults(this, fields, skipId, exclude, hasIncludedChildren, true, {
+        isNew: this.isNew
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  if (obj) {
+    // Skip set hooks
+    if (this.$__original_set) {
+      this.$__original_set(obj, undefined, true);
+    } else {
+      this.$set(obj, undefined, true);
+    }
+
+    if (obj instanceof Document) {
+      this.isNew = obj.isNew;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Function defaults get applied **after** setting initial values so they
+  // see the full doc rather than an empty one, unless they opt out.
+  // Re: gh-3781, gh-6155
+  if (options.willInit && defaults) {
+    EventEmitter.prototype.once.call(this, 'init', () => {
+      $__applyDefaults(this, fields, skipId, exclude, hasIncludedChildren, false, options.skipDefaults, {
+        isNew: this.isNew
+      });
+    });
+  } else if (defaults) {
+    $__applyDefaults(this, fields, skipId, exclude, hasIncludedChildren, false, options.skipDefaults, {
+      isNew: this.isNew
+    });
+  }
+
+  this.$__._id = this._id;
+
+  if (!this.$__.strictMode && obj) {
+    const _this = this;
+    const keys = Object.keys(this._doc);
+
+    keys.forEach(function(key) {
+      if (!(key in schema.tree)) {
+        defineKey(key, null, _this);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  applyQueue(this);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Document exposes the NodeJS event emitter API, so you can use
+ * `on`, `once`, etc.
+ */
+utils.each(
+  ['on', 'once', 'emit', 'listeners', 'removeListener', 'setMaxListeners',
+    'removeAllListeners', 'addListener'],
+  function(emitterFn) {
+    Document.prototype[emitterFn] = function() {
+      return this.$__.emitter[emitterFn].apply(this.$__.emitter, arguments);
+    };
+  });
+
+Document.prototype.constructor = Document;
+
+for (const i in EventEmitter.prototype) {
+  Document[i] = EventEmitter.prototype[i];
+}
+
+/**
+ * The document's internal schema.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @property schema
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__schema;
+
+/**
+ * The document's schema.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property schema
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.schema;
+
+/**
+ * Empty object that you can use for storing properties on the document. This
+ * is handy for passing data to middleware without conflicting with Mongoose
+ * internals.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     schema.pre('save', function() {
+ *       // Mongoose will set `isNew` to `false` if `save()` succeeds
+ *       this.$locals.wasNew = this.isNew;
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     schema.post('save', function() {
+ *       // Prints true if `isNew` was set before `save()`
+ *       console.log(this.$locals.wasNew);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property $locals
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Document.prototype, '$locals', {
+  configurable: false,
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * Boolean flag specifying if the document is new.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property isNew
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.isNew;
+
+/**
+ * The string version of this documents _id.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This getter exists on all documents by default. The getter can be disabled by setting the `id` [option](/docs/guide.html#id) of its `Schema` to false at construction time.
+ *
+ *     new Schema({ name: String }, { id: false });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @see Schema options /docs/guide.html#options
+ * @property id
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.id;
+
+/**
+ * Hash containing current validation errors.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property errors
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.errors;
+
+/**
+ * A string containing the current operation that Mongoose is executing
+ * on this document. May be `null`, `'save'`, `'validate'`, or `'remove'`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const doc = new Model({ name: 'test' });
+ *     doc.$op; // null
+ *
+ *     const promise = doc.save();
+ *     doc.$op; // 'save'
+ *
+ *     await promise;
+ *     doc.$op; // null
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property $op
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$op;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function $__hasIncludedChildren(fields) {
+  const hasIncludedChildren = {};
+  const keys = Object.keys(fields);
+
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    const parts = key.split('.');
+    const c = [];
+
+    for (const part of parts) {
+      c.push(part);
+      hasIncludedChildren[c.join('.')] = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return hasIncludedChildren;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function $__applyDefaults(doc, fields, skipId, exclude, hasIncludedChildren, isBeforeSetters, pathsToSkip) {
+  const paths = Object.keys(doc.$__schema.paths);
+  const plen = paths.length;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < plen; ++i) {
+    let def;
+    let curPath = '';
+    const p = paths[i];
+
+    if (p === '_id' && skipId) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const type = doc.$__schema.paths[p];
+    const path = type.splitPath();
+    const len = path.length;
+    let included = false;
+    let doc_ = doc._doc;
+    for (let j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+      if (doc_ == null) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      const piece = path[j];
+      curPath += (!curPath.length ? '' : '.') + piece;
+
+      if (exclude === true) {
+        if (curPath in fields) {
+          break;
+        }
+      } else if (exclude === false && fields && !included) {
+        if (curPath in fields) {
+          included = true;
+        } else if (!hasIncludedChildren[curPath]) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (j === len - 1) {
+        if (doc_[piece] !== void 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (typeof type.defaultValue === 'function') {
+          if (!type.defaultValue.$runBeforeSetters && isBeforeSetters) {
+            break;
+          }
+          if (type.defaultValue.$runBeforeSetters && !isBeforeSetters) {
+            break;
+          }
+        } else if (!isBeforeSetters) {
+          // Non-function defaults should always run **before** setters
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (pathsToSkip && pathsToSkip[curPath]) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (fields && exclude !== null) {
+          if (exclude === true) {
+            // apply defaults to all non-excluded fields
+            if (p in fields) {
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+              def = type.getDefault(doc, false);
+            } catch (err) {
+              doc.invalidate(p, err);
+              break;
+            }
+
+            if (typeof def !== 'undefined') {
+              doc_[piece] = def;
+              doc.$__.activePaths.default(p);
+            }
+          } else if (included) {
+            // selected field
+            try {
+              def = type.getDefault(doc, false);
+            } catch (err) {
+              doc.invalidate(p, err);
+              break;
+            }
+
+            if (typeof def !== 'undefined') {
+              doc_[piece] = def;
+              doc.$__.activePaths.default(p);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          try {
+            def = type.getDefault(doc, false);
+          } catch (err) {
+            doc.invalidate(p, err);
+            break;
+          }
+
+          if (typeof def !== 'undefined') {
+            doc_[piece] = def;
+            doc.$__.activePaths.default(p);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        doc_ = doc_[piece];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds the default doc structure
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {Object} [fields]
+ * @param {Boolean} [skipId]
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__buildDoc
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__buildDoc = function(obj, fields, skipId, exclude, hasIncludedChildren) {
+  const doc = {};
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(this.$__schema.paths).
+    // Don't build up any paths that are underneath a map, we don't know
+    // what the keys will be
+    filter(p => !p.includes('$*'));
+  const plen = paths.length;
+  let ii = 0;
+
+  for (; ii < plen; ++ii) {
+    const p = paths[ii];
+
+    if (p === '_id') {
+      if (skipId) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (obj && '_id' in obj) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const path = this.$__schema.paths[p].splitPath();
+    const len = path.length;
+    const last = len - 1;
+    let curPath = '';
+    let doc_ = doc;
+    let included = false;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      const piece = path[i];
+
+      curPath += (!curPath.length ? '' : '.') + piece;
+
+      // support excluding intermediary levels
+      if (exclude === true) {
+        if (curPath in fields) {
+          break;
+        }
+      } else if (exclude === false && fields && !included) {
+        if (curPath in fields) {
+          included = true;
+        } else if (!hasIncludedChildren[curPath]) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (i < last) {
+        doc_ = doc_[piece] || (doc_[piece] = {});
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  this._doc = doc;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Converts to POJO when you use the document for querying
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.toBSON = function() {
+  return this.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the document without setters or marking anything modified.
+ *
+ * Called internally after a document is returned from mongodb. Normally,
+ * you do **not** need to call this function on your own.
+ *
+ * This function triggers `init` [middleware](/docs/middleware.html).
+ * Note that `init` hooks are [synchronous](/docs/middleware.html#synchronous).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} doc document returned by mongo
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.init = function(doc, opts, fn) {
+  if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+    fn = opts;
+    opts = null;
+  }
+
+  this.$__init(doc, opts);
+
+  if (fn) {
+    fn(null, this);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__init = function(doc, opts) {
+  this.isNew = false;
+  this.$init = true;
+  opts = opts || {};
+
+  // handle docs with populated paths
+  // If doc._id is not null or undefined
+  if (doc._id != null && opts.populated && opts.populated.length) {
+    const id = String(doc._id);
+    for (const item of opts.populated) {
+      if (item.isVirtual) {
+        this.populated(item.path, utils.getValue(item.path, doc), item);
+      } else {
+        this.populated(item.path, item._docs[id], item);
+      }
+
+      if (item._childDocs == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      for (const child of item._childDocs) {
+        if (child == null || child.$__ == null) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        child.$__.parent = this;
+      }
+      item._childDocs = [];
+    }
+  }
+
+  init(this, doc, this._doc, opts);
+
+  markArraySubdocsPopulated(this, opts.populated);
+
+  this.emit('init', this);
+  this.constructor.emit('init', this);
+
+  this.$__._id = this._id;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * If populating a path within a document array, make sure each
+ * subdoc within the array knows its subpaths are populated.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const doc = await Article.findOne().populate('comments.author');
+ *     doc.comments[0].populated('author'); // Should be set
+ */
+
+function markArraySubdocsPopulated(doc, populated) {
+  if (doc._id == null || populated == null || populated.length === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const id = String(doc._id);
+  for (const item of populated) {
+    if (item.isVirtual) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const path = item.path;
+    const pieces = path.split('.');
+    for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length - 1; ++i) {
+      const subpath = pieces.slice(0, i + 1).join('.');
+      const rest = pieces.slice(i + 1).join('.');
+      const val = doc.get(subpath);
+      if (val == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (val.isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        for (let j = 0; j < val.length; ++j) {
+          val[j].populated(rest, item._docs[id] == null ? [] : item._docs[id][j], item);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Init helper.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} self document instance
+ * @param {Object} obj raw mongodb doc
+ * @param {Object} doc object we are initializing
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function init(self, obj, doc, opts, prefix) {
+  prefix = prefix || '';
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(obj);
+  const len = keys.length;
+  let schema;
+  let path;
+  let i;
+  let index = 0;
+
+  while (index < len) {
+    _init(index++);
+  }
+
+  function _init(index) {
+    i = keys[index];
+    path = prefix + i;
+    schema = self.$__schema.path(path);
+
+    // Should still work if not a model-level discriminator, but should not be
+    // necessary. This is *only* to catch the case where we queried using the
+    // base model and the discriminated model has a projection
+    if (self.$__schema.$isRootDiscriminator && !self.$__isSelected(path)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!schema && utils.isPOJO(obj[i])) {
+      // assume nested object
+      if (!doc[i]) {
+        doc[i] = {};
+      }
+      init(self, obj[i], doc[i], opts, path + '.');
+    } else if (!schema) {
+      doc[i] = obj[i];
+    } else {
+      if (obj[i] === null) {
+        doc[i] = schema._castNullish(null);
+      } else if (obj[i] !== undefined) {
+        const intCache = obj[i].$__ || {};
+        const wasPopulated = intCache.wasPopulated || null;
+
+        if (schema && !wasPopulated) {
+          try {
+            doc[i] = schema.cast(obj[i], self, true);
+          } catch (e) {
+            self.invalidate(e.path, new ValidatorError({
+              path: e.path,
+              message: e.message,
+              type: 'cast',
+              value: e.value,
+              reason: e
+            }));
+          }
+        } else {
+          doc[i] = obj[i];
+        }
+      }
+      // mark as hydrated
+      if (!self.isModified(path)) {
+        self.$__.activePaths.init(path);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sends an update command with this document `_id` as the query selector.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     weirdCar.update({$inc: {wheels:1}}, { w: 1 }, callback);
+ *
+ * ####Valid options:
+ *
+ *  - same as in [Model.update](#model_Model.update)
+ *
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.update = function update() {
+  const args = utils.args(arguments);
+  args.unshift({ _id: this._id });
+  const query = this.constructor.update.apply(this.constructor, args);
+
+  if (this.$session() != null) {
+    if (!('session' in query.options)) {
+      query.options.session = this.$session();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return query;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends an updateOne command with this document `_id` as the query selector.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     weirdCar.updateOne({$inc: {wheels:1}}, { w: 1 }, callback);
+ *
+ * ####Valid options:
+ *
+ *  - same as in [Model.updateOne](#model_Model.updateOne)
+ *
+ * @see Model.updateOne #model_Model.updateOne
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Object} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and the [Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.updateOne = function updateOne(doc, options, callback) {
+  const query = this.constructor.updateOne({ _id: this._id }, doc, options);
+  query.pre(cb => {
+    this.constructor._middleware.execPre('updateOne', this, [this], cb);
+  });
+  query.post(cb => {
+    this.constructor._middleware.execPost('updateOne', this, [this], {}, cb);
+  });
+
+  if (this.$session() != null) {
+    if (!('session' in query.options)) {
+      query.options.session = this.$session();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (callback != null) {
+    return query.exec(callback);
+  }
+
+  return query;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends a replaceOne command with this document `_id` as the query selector.
+ *
+ * ####Valid options:
+ *
+ *  - same as in [Model.replaceOne](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/model.html#model_Model.replaceOne)
+ *
+ * @see Model.replaceOne #model_Model.replaceOne
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.replaceOne = function replaceOne() {
+  const args = utils.args(arguments);
+  args.unshift({ _id: this._id });
+  return this.constructor.replaceOne.apply(this.constructor, args);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Getter/setter around the session associated with this document. Used to
+ * automatically set `session` if you `save()` a doc that you got from a
+ * query with an associated session.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const session = MyModel.startSession();
+ *     const doc = await MyModel.findOne().session(session);
+ *     doc.$session() === session; // true
+ *     doc.$session(null);
+ *     doc.$session() === null; // true
+ *
+ * If this is a top-level document, setting the session propagates to all child
+ * docs.
+ *
+ * @param {ClientSession} [session] overwrite the current session
+ * @return {ClientSession}
+ * @method $session
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$session = function $session(session) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this.$__.session;
+  }
+  this.$__.session = session;
+
+  if (!this.ownerDocument) {
+    const subdocs = this.$getAllSubdocs();
+    for (const child of subdocs) {
+      child.$session(session);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return session;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Overwrite all values in this document with the values of `obj`, except
+ * for immutable properties. Behaves similarly to `set()`, except for it
+ * unsets all properties that aren't in `obj`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj the object to overwrite this document with
+ * @method overwrite
+ * @name overwrite
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.overwrite = function overwrite(obj) {
+  const keys = Array.from(new Set(Object.keys(this._doc).concat(Object.keys(obj))));
+
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    if (key === '_id') {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Explicitly skip version key
+    if (this.$__schema.options.versionKey && key === this.$__schema.options.versionKey) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (this.$__schema.options.discriminatorKey && key === this.$__schema.options.discriminatorKey) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    this.$set(key, obj[key]);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias for `set()`, used internally to avoid conflicts
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} path path or object of key/vals to set
+ * @param {Any} val the value to set
+ * @param {Schema|String|Number|Buffer|*} [type] optionally specify a type for "on-the-fly" attributes
+ * @param {Object} [options] optionally specify options that modify the behavior of the set
+ * @method $set
+ * @name $set
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$set = function $set(path, val, type, options) {
+
+  if (utils.isPOJO(type)) {
+    options = type;
+    type = undefined;
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const merge = options.merge;
+  const adhoc = type && type !== true;
+  const constructing = type === true;
+  let adhocs;
+  let keys;
+  let i = 0;
+  let pathtype;
+  let key;
+  let prefix;
+
+  const strict = 'strict' in options
+    ? options.strict
+    : this.$__.strictMode;
+
+  if (adhoc) {
+    adhocs = this.$__.adhocPaths || (this.$__.adhocPaths = {});
+    adhocs[path] = this.$__schema.interpretAsType(path, type, this.$__schema.options);
+  }
+
+  if (path == null) {
+    const _ = path;
+    path = val;
+    val = _;
+  } else if (typeof path !== 'string') {
+    // new Document({ key: val })
+    if (path instanceof Document) {
+      if (path.$__isNested) {
+        path = path.toObject();
+      } else {
+        path = path._doc;
+      }
+    }
+    if (path == null) {
+      const _ = path;
+      path = val;
+      val = _;
+    }
+
+    prefix = val ? val + '.' : '';
+    keys = Object.keys(path);
+    const len = keys.length;
+
+    // `_skipMinimizeTopLevel` is because we may have deleted the top-level
+    // nested key to ensure key order.
+    const _skipMinimizeTopLevel = get(options, '_skipMinimizeTopLevel', false);
+    if (len === 0 && _skipMinimizeTopLevel) {
+      delete options._skipMinimizeTopLevel;
+      if (val) {
+        this.$set(val, {});
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      key = keys[i];
+      const pathName = prefix + key;
+      pathtype = this.$__schema.pathType(pathName);
+
+      // On initial set, delete any nested keys if we're going to overwrite
+      // them to ensure we keep the user's key order.
+      if (type === true &&
+          !prefix &&
+          path[key] != null &&
+          pathtype === 'nested' &&
+          this._doc[key] != null &&
+          Object.keys(this._doc[key]).length === 0) {
+        delete this._doc[key];
+        // Make sure we set `{}` back even if we minimize re: gh-8565
+        options = Object.assign({}, options, { _skipMinimizeTopLevel: true });
+      }
+
+      const someCondition = typeof path[key] === 'object' &&
+                            !utils.isNativeObject(path[key]) &&
+                            !utils.isMongooseType(path[key]) &&
+                            path[key] != null &&
+                            pathtype !== 'virtual' &&
+                            pathtype !== 'real' &&
+                            pathtype !== 'adhocOrUndefined' &&
+                            !(this.$__path(pathName) instanceof MixedSchema) &&
+                            !(this.$__schema.paths[pathName] &&
+                            this.$__schema.paths[pathName].options &&
+                            this.$__schema.paths[pathName].options.ref);
+
+      if (someCondition) {
+        this.$__.$setCalled.add(prefix + key);
+        this.$set(path[key], prefix + key, constructing, options);
+      } else if (strict) {
+        // Don't overwrite defaults with undefined keys (gh-3981) (gh-9039)
+        if (constructing && path[key] === void 0 &&
+            this.get(pathName) !== void 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (pathtype === 'adhocOrUndefined') {
+          pathtype = getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(this, pathName, { typeOnly: true });
+        }
+
+        if (pathtype === 'real' || pathtype === 'virtual') {
+          // Check for setting single embedded schema to document (gh-3535)
+          let p = path[key];
+          if (this.$__schema.paths[pathName] &&
+              this.$__schema.paths[pathName].$isSingleNested &&
+              path[key] instanceof Document) {
+            p = p.toObject({ virtuals: false, transform: false });
+          }
+          this.$set(prefix + key, p, constructing, options);
+        } else if (pathtype === 'nested' && path[key] instanceof Document) {
+          this.$set(prefix + key,
+            path[key].toObject({ transform: false }), constructing, options);
+        } else if (strict === 'throw') {
+          if (pathtype === 'nested') {
+            throw new ObjectExpectedError(key, path[key]);
+          } else {
+            throw new StrictModeError(key);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (path[key] !== void 0) {
+        this.$set(prefix + key, path[key], constructing, options);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    this.$__.$setCalled.add(path);
+  }
+
+  let pathType = this.$__schema.pathType(path);
+  if (pathType === 'adhocOrUndefined') {
+    pathType = getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(this, path, { typeOnly: true });
+  }
+
+  // Assume this is a Mongoose document that was copied into a POJO using
+  // `Object.assign()` or `{...doc}`
+  val = handleSpreadDoc(val);
+
+  if (pathType === 'nested' && val) {
+    if (typeof val === 'object' && val != null) {
+      const hasPriorVal = this.$__.savedState != null && this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(path);
+      if (this.$__.savedState != null && !this.isNew && !this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+        const priorVal = this.$__getValue(path);
+        this.$__.savedState[path] = priorVal;
+
+        const keys = Object.keys(priorVal || {});
+        for (const key of keys) {
+          this.$__.savedState[path + '.' + key] = priorVal[key];
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!merge) {
+        this.$__setValue(path, null);
+        cleanModifiedSubpaths(this, path);
+      } else {
+        return this.$set(val, path, constructing);
+      }
+
+      const keys = Object.keys(val);
+      this.$__setValue(path, {});
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        this.$set(path + '.' + key, val[key], constructing);
+      }
+
+      if (hasPriorVal && utils.deepEqual(this.$__.savedState[path], val)) {
+        this.unmarkModified(path);
+      } else {
+        this.markModified(path);
+      }
+      cleanModifiedSubpaths(this, path, { skipDocArrays: true });
+      return this;
+    }
+    this.invalidate(path, new MongooseError.CastError('Object', val, path));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  let schema;
+  const parts = path.indexOf('.') === -1 ? [path] : path.split('.');
+
+  // Might need to change path for top-level alias
+  if (typeof this.$__schema.aliases[parts[0]] == 'string') {
+    parts[0] = this.$__schema.aliases[parts[0]];
+  }
+
+  if (pathType === 'adhocOrUndefined' && strict) {
+    // check for roots that are Mixed types
+    let mixed;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+      const subpath = parts.slice(0, i + 1).join('.');
+
+      // If path is underneath a virtual, bypass everything and just set it.
+      if (i + 1 < parts.length && this.$__schema.pathType(subpath) === 'virtual') {
+        mpath.set(path, val, this);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      schema = this.$__schema.path(subpath);
+      if (schema == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (schema instanceof MixedSchema) {
+        // allow changes to sub paths of mixed types
+        mixed = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (schema == null) {
+      // Check for embedded discriminators
+      schema = getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(this, path);
+    }
+
+    if (!mixed && !schema) {
+      if (strict === 'throw') {
+        throw new StrictModeError(path);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+  } else if (pathType === 'virtual') {
+    schema = this.$__schema.virtualpath(path);
+    schema.applySetters(val, this);
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    schema = this.$__path(path);
+  }
+
+  // gh-4578, if setting a deeply nested path that doesn't exist yet, create it
+  let cur = this._doc;
+  let curPath = '';
+  for (i = 0; i < parts.length - 1; ++i) {
+    cur = cur[parts[i]];
+    curPath += (curPath.length > 0 ? '.' : '') + parts[i];
+    if (!cur) {
+      this.$set(curPath, {});
+      // Hack re: gh-5800. If nested field is not selected, it probably exists
+      // so `MongoError: cannot use the part (nested of nested.num) to
+      // traverse the element ({nested: null})` is not likely. If user gets
+      // that error, its their fault for now. We should reconsider disallowing
+      // modifying not selected paths for 6.x
+      if (!this.$__isSelected(curPath)) {
+        this.unmarkModified(curPath);
+      }
+      cur = this.$__getValue(curPath);
+    }
+  }
+
+  let pathToMark;
+
+  // When using the $set operator the path to the field must already exist.
+  // Else mongodb throws: "LEFT_SUBFIELD only supports Object"
+
+  if (parts.length <= 1) {
+    pathToMark = path;
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+      const subpath = parts.slice(0, i + 1).join('.');
+      if (this.get(subpath, null, { getters: false }) === null) {
+        pathToMark = subpath;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!pathToMark) {
+      pathToMark = path;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if this doc is being constructed we should not trigger getters
+  const priorVal = (() => {
+    if (this.$__.$options.priorDoc != null) {
+      return this.$__.$options.priorDoc.$__getValue(path);
+    }
+    if (constructing) {
+      return void 0;
+    }
+    return this.$__getValue(path);
+  })();
+
+  if (!schema) {
+    this.$__set(pathToMark, path, constructing, parts, schema, val, priorVal);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // If overwriting a subdocument path, make sure to clear out
+  // any errors _before_ setting, so new errors that happen
+  // get persisted. Re: #9080
+  if (schema.$isSingleNested || schema.$isMongooseArray) {
+    _markValidSubpaths(this, path);
+  }
+
+  if (schema.$isSingleNested && val != null && merge) {
+    if (val instanceof Document) {
+      val = val.toObject({ virtuals: false, transform: false });
+    }
+    const keys = Object.keys(val);
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      this.$set(path + '.' + key, val[key], constructing, options);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  let shouldSet = true;
+  try {
+    // If the user is trying to set a ref path to a document with
+    // the correct model name, treat it as populated
+    const refMatches = (() => {
+      if (schema.options == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!(val instanceof Document)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      const model = val.constructor;
+
+      // Check ref
+      const ref = schema.options.ref;
+      if (ref != null && (ref === model.modelName || ref === model.baseModelName)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // Check refPath
+      const refPath = schema.options.refPath;
+      if (refPath == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      const modelName = val.get(refPath);
+      return modelName === model.modelName || modelName === model.baseModelName;
+    })();
+
+    let didPopulate = false;
+    if (refMatches && val instanceof Document) {
+      this.populated(path, val._id, { [populateModelSymbol]: val.constructor });
+      val.$__.wasPopulated = true;
+      didPopulate = true;
+    }
+
+    let popOpts;
+    if (schema.options &&
+        Array.isArray(schema.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey]) &&
+        schema.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey].length &&
+        schema.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey][0].ref &&
+        _isManuallyPopulatedArray(val, schema.options[this.$__schema.options.typeKey][0].ref)) {
+      if (this.ownerDocument) {
+        popOpts = { [populateModelSymbol]: val[0].constructor };
+        this.ownerDocument().populated(this.$__fullPath(path),
+          val.map(function(v) { return v._id; }), popOpts);
+      } else {
+        popOpts = { [populateModelSymbol]: val[0].constructor };
+        this.populated(path, val.map(function(v) { return v._id; }), popOpts);
+      }
+      for (const doc of val) {
+        doc.$__.wasPopulated = true;
+      }
+      didPopulate = true;
+    }
+
+    if (this.$__schema.singleNestedPaths[path] == null) {
+      // If this path is underneath a single nested schema, we'll call the setter
+      // later in `$__set()` because we don't take `_doc` when we iterate through
+      // a single nested doc. That's to make sure we get the correct context.
+      // Otherwise we would double-call the setter, see gh-7196.
+      val = schema.applySetters(val, this, false, priorVal);
+    }
+
+    if (schema.$isMongooseDocumentArray &&
+        Array.isArray(val) &&
+        val.length > 0 &&
+        val[0] != null &&
+        val[0].$__ != null &&
+        val[0].$__.populated != null) {
+      const populatedPaths = Object.keys(val[0].$__.populated);
+      for (const populatedPath of populatedPaths) {
+        this.populated(path + '.' + populatedPath,
+          val.map(v => v.populated(populatedPath)),
+          val[0].$__.populated[populatedPath].options);
+      }
+      didPopulate = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!didPopulate && this.$__.populated) {
+      // If this array partially contains populated documents, convert them
+      // all to ObjectIds re: #8443
+      if (Array.isArray(val) && this.$__.populated[path]) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < val.length; ++i) {
+          if (val[i] instanceof Document) {
+            val[i] = val[i]._id;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      delete this.$__.populated[path];
+    }
+
+    if (schema.$isSingleNested && val != null) {
+      _checkImmutableSubpaths(val, schema, priorVal);
+    }
+
+    this.$markValid(path);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof MongooseError.StrictModeError && e.isImmutableError) {
+      this.invalidate(path, e);
+    } else if (e instanceof MongooseError.CastError) {
+      this.invalidate(e.path, e);
+      if (e.$originalErrorPath) {
+        this.invalidate(path,
+          new MongooseError.CastError(schema.instance, val, path, e.$originalErrorPath));
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.invalidate(path,
+        new MongooseError.CastError(schema.instance, val, path, e));
+    }
+    shouldSet = false;
+  }
+
+  if (shouldSet) {
+    this.$__set(pathToMark, path, constructing, parts, schema, val, priorVal);
+
+    if (this.$__.savedState != null) {
+      if (!this.isNew && !this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+        this.$__.savedState[path] = priorVal;
+      } else if (this.$__.savedState.hasOwnProperty(path) && utils.deepEqual(val, this.$__.savedState[path])) {
+        this.unmarkModified(path);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (schema.$isSingleNested && (this.isDirectModified(path) || val == null)) {
+    cleanModifiedSubpaths(this, path);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _isManuallyPopulatedArray(val, ref) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (val.length === 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (const el of val) {
+    if (!(el instanceof Document)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const modelName = el.constructor.modelName;
+    if (modelName == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (el.constructor.modelName != ref && el.constructor.baseModelName != ref) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a path, or many paths.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // path, value
+ *     doc.set(path, value)
+ *
+ *     // object
+ *     doc.set({
+ *         path  : value
+ *       , path2 : {
+ *            path  : value
+ *         }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // on-the-fly cast to number
+ *     doc.set(path, value, Number)
+ *
+ *     // on-the-fly cast to string
+ *     doc.set(path, value, String)
+ *
+ *     // changing strict mode behavior
+ *     doc.set(path, value, { strict: false });
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} path path or object of key/vals to set
+ * @param {Any} val the value to set
+ * @param {Schema|String|Number|Buffer|*} [type] optionally specify a type for "on-the-fly" attributes
+ * @param {Object} [options] optionally specify options that modify the behavior of the set
+ * @api public
+ * @method set
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.set = Document.prototype.$set;
+
+/**
+ * Determine if we should mark this change as modified.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__shouldModify
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__shouldModify = function(pathToMark, path, constructing, parts, schema, val, priorVal) {
+  if (this.isNew) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Re: the note about gh-7196, `val` is the raw value without casting or
+  // setters if the full path is under a single nested subdoc because we don't
+  // want to double run setters. So don't set it as modified. See gh-7264.
+  if (this.$__schema.singleNestedPaths[path] != null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (val === void 0 && !this.$__isSelected(path)) {
+    // when a path is not selected in a query, its initial
+    // value will be undefined.
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (val === void 0 && path in this.$__.activePaths.states.default) {
+    // we're just unsetting the default value which was never saved
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // gh-3992: if setting a populated field to a doc, don't mark modified
+  // if they have the same _id
+  if (this.populated(path) &&
+      val instanceof Document &&
+      deepEqual(val._id, priorVal)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!deepEqual(val, priorVal || utils.getValue(path, this))) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!constructing &&
+      val !== null &&
+      val !== undefined &&
+      path in this.$__.activePaths.states.default &&
+      deepEqual(val, schema.getDefault(this, constructing))) {
+    // a path with a default was $unset on the server
+    // and the user is setting it to the same value again
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles the actual setting of the value and marking the path modified if appropriate.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__set
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__set = function(pathToMark, path, constructing, parts, schema, val, priorVal) {
+  Embedded = Embedded || require('./types/embedded');
+
+  const shouldModify = this.$__shouldModify(pathToMark, path, constructing, parts,
+    schema, val, priorVal);
+  const _this = this;
+
+  if (shouldModify) {
+    this.markModified(pathToMark);
+
+    // handle directly setting arrays (gh-1126)
+    MongooseArray || (MongooseArray = require('./types/array'));
+    if (val && val.isMongooseArray) {
+      val._registerAtomic('$set', val);
+
+      // Update embedded document parent references (gh-5189)
+      if (val.isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        val.forEach(function(item) {
+          item && item.__parentArray && (item.__parentArray = val);
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Small hack for gh-1638: if we're overwriting the entire array, ignore
+      // paths that were modified before the array overwrite
+      this.$__.activePaths.forEach(function(modifiedPath) {
+        if (modifiedPath.startsWith(path + '.')) {
+          _this.$__.activePaths.ignore(modifiedPath);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  let obj = this._doc;
+  let i = 0;
+  const l = parts.length;
+  let cur = '';
+
+  for (; i < l; i++) {
+    const next = i + 1;
+    const last = next === l;
+    cur += (cur ? '.' + parts[i] : parts[i]);
+    if (specialProperties.has(parts[i])) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (last) {
+      if (obj instanceof Map) {
+        obj.set(parts[i], val);
+      } else {
+        obj[parts[i]] = val;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (utils.isPOJO(obj[parts[i]])) {
+        obj = obj[parts[i]];
+      } else if (obj[parts[i]] && obj[parts[i]] instanceof Embedded) {
+        obj = obj[parts[i]];
+      } else if (obj[parts[i]] && obj[parts[i]].$isSingleNested) {
+        obj = obj[parts[i]];
+      } else if (obj[parts[i]] && Array.isArray(obj[parts[i]])) {
+        obj = obj[parts[i]];
+      } else {
+        obj[parts[i]] = obj[parts[i]] || {};
+        obj = obj[parts[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets a raw value from a path (no getters)
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__getValue = function(path) {
+  return utils.getValue(path, this._doc);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a raw value for a path (no casting, setters, transformations)
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__setValue = function(path, val) {
+  utils.setValue(path, val, this._doc);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the value of a path.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // path
+ *     doc.get('age') // 47
+ *
+ *     // dynamic casting to a string
+ *     doc.get('age', String) // "47"
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Schema|String|Number|Buffer|*} [type] optionally specify a type for on-the-fly attributes
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.virtuals=false] Apply virtuals before getting this path
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.getters=true] If false, skip applying getters and just get the raw value
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.get = function(path, type, options) {
+  let adhoc;
+  options = options || {};
+  if (type) {
+    adhoc = this.$__schema.interpretAsType(path, type, this.$__schema.options);
+  }
+
+  let schema = this.$__path(path);
+  if (schema == null) {
+    schema = this.$__schema.virtualpath(path);
+  }
+  if (schema instanceof MixedSchema) {
+    const virtual = this.$__schema.virtualpath(path);
+    if (virtual != null) {
+      schema = virtual;
+    }
+  }
+  const pieces = path.indexOf('.') === -1 ? [path] : path.split('.');
+  let obj = this._doc;
+
+  if (schema instanceof VirtualType) {
+    return schema.applyGetters(void 0, this);
+  }
+
+  // Might need to change path for top-level alias
+  if (typeof this.$__schema.aliases[pieces[0]] == 'string') {
+    pieces[0] = this.$__schema.aliases[pieces[0]];
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0, l = pieces.length; i < l; i++) {
+    if (obj && obj._doc) {
+      obj = obj._doc;
+    }
+
+    if (obj == null) {
+      obj = void 0;
+    } else if (obj instanceof Map) {
+      obj = obj.get(pieces[i], { getters: false });
+    } else if (i === l - 1) {
+      obj = utils.getValue(pieces[i], obj);
+    } else {
+      obj = obj[pieces[i]];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (adhoc) {
+    obj = adhoc.cast(obj);
+  }
+
+  if (schema != null && options.getters !== false) {
+    obj = schema.applyGetters(obj, this);
+  } else if (this.$__schema.nested[path] && options.virtuals) {
+    // Might need to apply virtuals if this is a nested path
+    return applyVirtuals(this, utils.clone(obj) || {}, { path: path });
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Document.prototype[getSymbol] = Document.prototype.get;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the schematype for the given `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__path
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__path = function(path) {
+  const adhocs = this.$__.adhocPaths;
+  const adhocType = adhocs && adhocs.hasOwnProperty(path) ? adhocs[path] : null;
+
+  if (adhocType) {
+    return adhocType;
+  }
+  return this.$__schema.path(path);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks the path as having pending changes to write to the db.
+ *
+ * _Very helpful when using [Mixed](./schematypes.html#mixed) types._
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     doc.mixed.type = 'changed';
+ *     doc.markModified('mixed.type');
+ *     doc.save() // changes to mixed.type are now persisted
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the path to mark modified
+ * @param {Document} [scope] the scope to run validators with
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.markModified = function(path, scope) {
+  this.$__.activePaths.modify(path);
+  if (scope != null && !this.ownerDocument) {
+    this.$__.pathsToScopes[path] = scope;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Clears the modified state on the specified path.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     doc.foo = 'bar';
+ *     doc.unmarkModified('foo');
+ *     doc.save(); // changes to foo will not be persisted
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the path to unmark modified
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.unmarkModified = function(path) {
+  this.$__.activePaths.init(path);
+  delete this.$__.pathsToScopes[path];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Don't run validation on this path or persist changes to this path.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     doc.foo = null;
+ *     doc.$ignore('foo');
+ *     doc.save(); // changes to foo will not be persisted and validators won't be run
+ *
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @method $ignore
+ * @param {String} path the path to ignore
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$ignore = function(path) {
+  this.$__.activePaths.ignore(path);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the list of paths that have been directly modified. A direct
+ * modified path is a path that you explicitly set, whether via `doc.foo = 'bar'`,
+ * `Object.assign(doc, { foo: 'bar' })`, or `doc.set('foo', 'bar')`.
+ *
+ * A path `a` may be in `modifiedPaths()` but not in `directModifiedPaths()`
+ * because a child of `a` was directly modified.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ foo: String, nested: { bar: String } });
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *     await Model.create({ foo: 'original', nested: { bar: 'original' } });
+ *
+ *     const doc = await Model.findOne();
+ *     doc.nested.bar = 'modified';
+ *     doc.directModifiedPaths(); // ['nested.bar']
+ *     doc.modifiedPaths(); // ['nested', 'nested.bar']
+ *
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.directModifiedPaths = function() {
+  return Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given path is nullish or only contains empty objects.
+ * Useful for determining whether this subdoc will get stripped out by the
+ * [minimize option](/docs/guide.html#minimize).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ nested: { foo: String } });
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *     const doc = new Model({});
+ *     doc.$isEmpty('nested'); // true
+ *     doc.nested.$isEmpty(); // true
+ *
+ *     doc.nested.foo = 'bar';
+ *     doc.$isEmpty('nested'); // false
+ *     doc.nested.$isEmpty(); // false
+ *
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ * @method $isEmpty
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$isEmpty = function(path) {
+  const isEmptyOptions = {
+    minimize: true,
+    virtuals: false,
+    getters: false,
+    transform: false
+  };
+
+  if (arguments.length > 0) {
+    const v = this.get(path);
+    if (v == null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (typeof v !== 'object') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (utils.isPOJO(v)) {
+      return _isEmpty(v);
+    }
+    return Object.keys(v.toObject(isEmptyOptions)).length === 0;
+  }
+
+  return Object.keys(this.toObject(isEmptyOptions)).length === 0;
+};
+
+function _isEmpty(v) {
+  if (v == null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (typeof v !== 'object' || Array.isArray(v)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (const key of Object.keys(v)) {
+    if (!_isEmpty(v[key])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the list of paths that have been modified.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.includeChildren=false] if true, returns children of modified paths as well. For example, if false, the list of modified paths for `doc.colors = { primary: 'blue' };` will **not** contain `colors.primary`. If true, `modifiedPaths()` will return an array that contains `colors.primary`.
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.modifiedPaths = function(options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const directModifiedPaths = Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify);
+  const _this = this;
+  return directModifiedPaths.reduce(function(list, path) {
+    const parts = path.split('.');
+    list = list.concat(parts.reduce(function(chains, part, i) {
+      return chains.concat(parts.slice(0, i).concat(part).join('.'));
+    }, []).filter(function(chain) {
+      return (list.indexOf(chain) === -1);
+    }));
+
+    if (!options.includeChildren) {
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    let cur = _this.get(path);
+    if (cur != null && typeof cur === 'object') {
+      if (cur._doc) {
+        cur = cur._doc;
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(cur)) {
+        const len = cur.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+          if (list.indexOf(path + '.' + i) === -1) {
+            list.push(path + '.' + i);
+            if (cur[i] != null && cur[i].$__) {
+              const modified = cur[i].modifiedPaths();
+              for (const childPath of modified) {
+                list.push(path + '.' + i + '.' + childPath);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        Object.keys(cur).
+          filter(function(key) {
+            return list.indexOf(path + '.' + key) === -1;
+          }).
+          forEach(function(key) {
+            list.push(path + '.' + key);
+          });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return list;
+  }, []);
+};
+
+Document.prototype[documentModifiedPaths] = Document.prototype.modifiedPaths;
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if any of the given paths is modified, else false. If no arguments, returns `true` if any path
+ * in this document is modified.
+ *
+ * If `path` is given, checks if a path or any full path containing `path` as part of its path chain has been modified.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     doc.set('documents.0.title', 'changed');
+ *     doc.isModified()                      // true
+ *     doc.isModified('documents')           // true
+ *     doc.isModified('documents.0.title')   // true
+ *     doc.isModified('documents otherProp') // true
+ *     doc.isDirectModified('documents')     // false
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path] optional
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.isModified = function(paths, modifiedPaths) {
+  if (paths) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(paths)) {
+      paths = paths.split(' ');
+    }
+    const modified = modifiedPaths || this[documentModifiedPaths]();
+    const directModifiedPaths = Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify);
+    const isModifiedChild = paths.some(function(path) {
+      return !!~modified.indexOf(path);
+    });
+
+    return isModifiedChild || paths.some(function(path) {
+      return directModifiedPaths.some(function(mod) {
+        return mod === path || path.startsWith(mod + '.');
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this.$__.activePaths.some('modify');
+};
+
+Document.prototype[documentIsModified] = Document.prototype.isModified;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a path is set to its default.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     MyModel = mongoose.model('test', { name: { type: String, default: 'Val '} });
+ *     const m = new MyModel();
+ *     m.$isDefault('name'); // true
+ *
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @method $isDefault
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$isDefault = function(path) {
+  if (path == null) {
+    return this.$__.activePaths.some('default');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof path === 'string' && path.indexOf(' ') === -1) {
+    return this.$__.activePaths.states.default.hasOwnProperty(path);
+  }
+
+  let paths = path;
+  if (!Array.isArray(paths)) {
+    paths = paths.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  return paths.some(path => this.$__.activePaths.states.default.hasOwnProperty(path));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Getter/setter, determines whether the document was removed or not.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     product.remove(function (err, product) {
+ *       product.$isDeleted(); // true
+ *       product.remove(); // no-op, doesn't send anything to the db
+ *
+ *       product.$isDeleted(false);
+ *       product.$isDeleted(); // false
+ *       product.remove(); // will execute a remove against the db
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} [val] optional, overrides whether mongoose thinks the doc is deleted
+ * @return {Boolean} whether mongoose thinks this doc is deleted.
+ * @method $isDeleted
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$isDeleted = function(val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return !!this.$__.isDeleted;
+  }
+
+  this.$__.isDeleted = !!val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if `path` was directly set and modified, else false.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     doc.set('documents.0.title', 'changed');
+ *     doc.isDirectModified('documents.0.title') // true
+ *     doc.isDirectModified('documents') // false
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array<String>} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.isDirectModified = function(path) {
+  if (path == null) {
+    return this.$__.activePaths.some('modify');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof path === 'string' && path.indexOf(' ') === -1) {
+    return this.$__.activePaths.states.modify.hasOwnProperty(path);
+  }
+
+  let paths = path;
+  if (!Array.isArray(paths)) {
+    paths = paths.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  return paths.some(path => this.$__.activePaths.states.modify.hasOwnProperty(path));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `path` is in the `init` state, that is, it was set by `Document#init()` and not modified since.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.isInit = function(path) {
+  if (path == null) {
+    return this.$__.activePaths.some('init');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof path === 'string' && path.indexOf(' ') === -1) {
+    return this.$__.activePaths.states.init.hasOwnProperty(path);
+  }
+
+  let paths = path;
+  if (!Array.isArray(paths)) {
+    paths = paths.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  return paths.some(path => this.$__.activePaths.states.init.hasOwnProperty(path));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `path` was selected in the source query which initialized this document.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Thing.findOne().select('name').exec(function (err, doc) {
+ *        doc.isSelected('name') // true
+ *        doc.isSelected('age')  // false
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array<String>} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.isSelected = function isSelected(path) {
+  if (this.$__.selected == null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (path === '_id') {
+    return this.$__.selected._id !== 0;
+  }
+
+  if (path.indexOf(' ') !== -1) {
+    path = path.split(' ');
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
+    return path.some(p => this.$__isSelected(p));
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(this.$__.selected);
+  let inclusive = null;
+
+  if (paths.length === 1 && paths[0] === '_id') {
+    // only _id was selected.
+    return this.$__.selected._id === 0;
+  }
+
+  for (const cur of paths) {
+    if (cur === '_id') {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!isDefiningProjection(this.$__.selected[cur])) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    inclusive = !!this.$__.selected[cur];
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (inclusive === null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (path in this.$__.selected) {
+    return inclusive;
+  }
+
+  const pathDot = path + '.';
+
+  for (const cur of paths) {
+    if (cur === '_id') {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (cur.startsWith(pathDot)) {
+      return inclusive || cur !== pathDot;
+    }
+
+    if (pathDot.startsWith(cur + '.')) {
+      return inclusive;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return !inclusive;
+};
+
+Document.prototype.$__isSelected = Document.prototype.isSelected;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `path` was explicitly selected. If no projection, always returns
+ * true.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Thing.findOne().select('nested.name').exec(function (err, doc) {
+ *        doc.isDirectSelected('nested.name') // true
+ *        doc.isDirectSelected('nested.otherName') // false
+ *        doc.isDirectSelected('nested')  // false
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.isDirectSelected = function isDirectSelected(path) {
+  if (this.$__.selected == null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (path === '_id') {
+    return this.$__.selected._id !== 0;
+  }
+
+  if (path.indexOf(' ') !== -1) {
+    path = path.split(' ');
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
+    return path.some(p => this.isDirectSelected(p));
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(this.$__.selected);
+  let inclusive = null;
+
+  if (paths.length === 1 && paths[0] === '_id') {
+    // only _id was selected.
+    return this.$__.selected._id === 0;
+  }
+
+  for (const cur of paths) {
+    if (cur === '_id') {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!isDefiningProjection(this.$__.selected[cur])) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    inclusive = !!this.$__.selected[cur];
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (inclusive === null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (this.$__.selected.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return inclusive;
+  }
+
+  return !inclusive;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes registered validation rules for this document.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This method is called `pre` save and if a validation rule is violated, [save](#model_Model-save) is aborted and the error is returned to your `callback`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     doc.validate(function (err) {
+ *       if (err) handleError(err);
+ *       else // validation passed
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Array|String} [pathsToValidate] list of paths to validate. If set, Mongoose will validate only the modified paths that are in the given list.
+ * @param {Object} [options] internal options
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.validateModifiedOnly=false] if `true` mongoose validates only modified paths.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback called after validation completes, passing an error if one occurred
+ * @return {Promise} Promise
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.validate = function(pathsToValidate, options, callback) {
+  let parallelValidate;
+  this.$op = 'validate';
+
+  if (this.ownerDocument != null) {
+    // Skip parallel validate check for subdocuments
+  } else if (this.$__.validating) {
+    parallelValidate = new ParallelValidateError(this, {
+      parentStack: options && options.parentStack,
+      conflictStack: this.$__.validating.stack
+    });
+  } else {
+    this.$__.validating = new ParallelValidateError(this, { parentStack: options && options.parentStack });
+  }
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    if (typeof arguments[0] === 'object' && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
+      options = arguments[0];
+      callback = null;
+      pathsToValidate = null;
+    } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'function') {
+      callback = arguments[0];
+      options = null;
+      pathsToValidate = null;
+    }
+  } else if (typeof pathsToValidate === 'function') {
+    callback = pathsToValidate;
+    options = null;
+    pathsToValidate = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = pathsToValidate;
+    pathsToValidate = null;
+  }
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    if (parallelValidate != null) {
+      return cb(parallelValidate);
+    }
+
+    this.$__validate(pathsToValidate, options, (error) => {
+      this.$op = null;
+      cb(error);
+    });
+  }, this.constructor.events);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _evaluateRequiredFunctions(doc) {
+  Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.states.require).forEach(path => {
+    const p = doc.$__schema.path(path);
+
+    if (p != null && typeof p.originalRequiredValue === 'function') {
+      doc.$__.cachedRequired[path] = p.originalRequiredValue.call(doc, doc);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _getPathsToValidate(doc) {
+  const skipSchemaValidators = {};
+
+  _evaluateRequiredFunctions(doc);
+  // only validate required fields when necessary
+  let paths = new Set(Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.states.require).filter(function(path) {
+    if (!doc.$__isSelected(path) && !doc.isModified(path)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (path in doc.$__.cachedRequired) {
+      return doc.$__.cachedRequired[path];
+    }
+    return true;
+  }));
+
+
+  Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.states.init).forEach(addToPaths);
+  Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.states.modify).forEach(addToPaths);
+  Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.states.default).forEach(addToPaths);
+  function addToPaths(p) { paths.add(p); }
+
+  const subdocs = doc.$getAllSubdocs();
+  const modifiedPaths = doc.modifiedPaths();
+  for (const subdoc of subdocs) {
+    if (subdoc.$basePath) {
+      // Remove child paths for now, because we'll be validating the whole
+      // subdoc
+      for (const p of paths) {
+        if (p === null || p.startsWith(subdoc.$basePath + '.')) {
+          paths.delete(p);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (doc.isModified(subdoc.$basePath, modifiedPaths) &&
+            !doc.isDirectModified(subdoc.$basePath) &&
+            !doc.$isDefault(subdoc.$basePath)) {
+        paths.add(subdoc.$basePath);
+
+        skipSchemaValidators[subdoc.$basePath] = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // from here on we're not removing items from paths
+
+  // gh-661: if a whole array is modified, make sure to run validation on all
+  // the children as well
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    const _pathType = doc.$__schema.path(path);
+    if (!_pathType ||
+        !_pathType.$isMongooseArray ||
+        // To avoid potential performance issues, skip doc arrays whose children
+        // are not required. `getPositionalPathType()` may be slow, so avoid
+        // it unless we have a case of #6364
+        (_pathType.$isMongooseDocumentArray && !get(_pathType, 'schemaOptions.required'))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const val = doc.$__getValue(path);
+    _pushNestedArrayPaths(val, paths, path);
+  }
+
+  function _pushNestedArrayPaths(val, paths, path) {
+    if (val != null) {
+      const numElements = val.length;
+      for (let j = 0; j < numElements; ++j) {
+        if (Array.isArray(val[j])) {
+          _pushNestedArrayPaths(val[j], paths, path + '.' + j);
+        } else {
+          paths.add(path + '.' + j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const flattenOptions = { skipArrays: true };
+  for (const pathToCheck of paths) {
+    if (doc.$__schema.nested[pathToCheck]) {
+      let _v = doc.$__getValue(pathToCheck);
+      if (isMongooseObject(_v)) {
+        _v = _v.toObject({ transform: false });
+      }
+      const flat = flatten(_v, pathToCheck, flattenOptions, doc.$__schema);
+      Object.keys(flat).forEach(addToPaths);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    // Single nested paths (paths embedded under single nested subdocs) will
+    // be validated on their own when we call `validate()` on the subdoc itself.
+    // Re: gh-8468
+    if (doc.$__schema.singleNestedPaths.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+      paths.delete(path);
+      continue;
+    }
+    const _pathType = doc.$__schema.path(path);
+    if (!_pathType || !_pathType.$isSchemaMap) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const val = doc.$__getValue(path);
+    if (val == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (const key of val.keys()) {
+      paths.add(path + '.' + key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  paths = Array.from(paths);
+  return [paths, skipSchemaValidators];
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__validate = function(pathsToValidate, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof pathsToValidate === 'function') {
+    callback = pathsToValidate;
+    options = null;
+    pathsToValidate = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const hasValidateModifiedOnlyOption = options &&
+      (typeof options === 'object') &&
+      ('validateModifiedOnly' in options);
+
+  let shouldValidateModifiedOnly;
+  if (hasValidateModifiedOnlyOption) {
+    shouldValidateModifiedOnly = !!options.validateModifiedOnly;
+  } else {
+    shouldValidateModifiedOnly = this.$__schema.options.validateModifiedOnly;
+  }
+
+  const _this = this;
+  const _complete = () => {
+    let validationError = this.$__.validationError;
+    this.$__.validationError = undefined;
+
+    if (shouldValidateModifiedOnly && validationError != null) {
+      // Remove any validation errors that aren't from modified paths
+      const errors = Object.keys(validationError.errors);
+      for (const errPath of errors) {
+        if (!this.isModified(errPath)) {
+          delete validationError.errors[errPath];
+        }
+      }
+      if (Object.keys(validationError.errors).length === 0) {
+        validationError = void 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.$__.cachedRequired = {};
+    this.emit('validate', _this);
+    this.constructor.emit('validate', _this);
+
+    this.$__.validating = null;
+    if (validationError) {
+      for (const key in validationError.errors) {
+        // Make sure cast errors persist
+        if (!this[documentArrayParent] &&
+            validationError.errors[key] instanceof MongooseError.CastError) {
+          this.invalidate(key, validationError.errors[key]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return validationError;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // only validate required fields when necessary
+  const pathDetails = _getPathsToValidate(this);
+  let paths = shouldValidateModifiedOnly ?
+    pathDetails[0].filter((path) => this.isModified(path)) :
+    pathDetails[0];
+  const skipSchemaValidators = pathDetails[1];
+
+  if (typeof pathsToValidate === 'string') {
+    pathsToValidate = pathsToValidate.split(' ');
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(pathsToValidate)) {
+    paths = _handlePathsToValidate(paths, pathsToValidate);
+  }
+  if (paths.length === 0) {
+    return immediate(function() {
+      const error = _complete();
+      if (error) {
+        return _this.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('validate:error', _this, [_this], { error: error }, function(error) {
+          callback(error);
+        });
+      }
+      callback(null, _this);
+    });
+  }
+
+  const validated = {};
+  let total = 0;
+
+  const complete = function() {
+    const error = _complete();
+    if (error) {
+      return _this.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('validate:error', _this, [_this], { error: error }, function(error) {
+        callback(error);
+      });
+    }
+    callback(null, _this);
+  };
+
+  const validatePath = function(path) {
+    if (path == null || validated[path]) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    validated[path] = true;
+    total++;
+
+    immediate(function() {
+      const schemaType = _this.$__schema.path(path);
+
+      if (!schemaType) {
+        return --total || complete();
+      }
+
+      // If user marked as invalid or there was a cast error, don't validate
+      if (!_this.$isValid(path)) {
+        --total || complete();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // If setting a path under a mixed path, avoid using the mixed path validator (gh-10141)
+      if (schemaType[schemaMixedSymbol] != null && path !== schemaType.path) {
+        return --total || complete();
+      }
+
+      let val = _this.$__getValue(path);
+
+      // If you `populate()` and get back a null value, required validators
+      // shouldn't fail (gh-8018). We should always fall back to the populated
+      // value.
+      let pop;
+      if (val == null && (pop = _this.populated(path))) {
+        val = pop;
+      }
+      const scope = path in _this.$__.pathsToScopes ?
+        _this.$__.pathsToScopes[path] :
+        _this;
+
+      const doValidateOptions = {
+        skipSchemaValidators: skipSchemaValidators[path],
+        path: path,
+        validateModifiedOnly: shouldValidateModifiedOnly
+      };
+      schemaType.doValidate(val, function(err) {
+        if (err && (!schemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArray || err.$isArrayValidatorError)) {
+          if (schemaType.$isSingleNested &&
+              err instanceof ValidationError &&
+              schemaType.schema.options.storeSubdocValidationError === false) {
+            return --total || complete();
+          }
+          _this.invalidate(path, err, undefined, true);
+        }
+        --total || complete();
+      }, scope, doValidateOptions);
+    });
+  };
+
+  const numPaths = paths.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < numPaths; ++i) {
+    validatePath(paths[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _handlePathsToValidate(paths, pathsToValidate) {
+  const _pathsToValidate = new Set(pathsToValidate);
+  const parentPaths = new Map([]);
+  for (const path of pathsToValidate) {
+    if (path.indexOf('.') === -1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const pieces = path.split('.');
+    let cur = pieces[0];
+    for (let i = 1; i < pieces.length; ++i) {
+      // Since we skip subpaths under single nested subdocs to
+      // avoid double validation, we need to add back the
+      // single nested subpath if the user asked for it (gh-8626)
+      parentPaths.set(cur, path);
+      cur = cur + '.' + pieces[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  const ret = [];
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    if (_pathsToValidate.has(path)) {
+      ret.push(path);
+    } else if (parentPaths.has(path)) {
+      ret.push(parentPaths.get(path));
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes registered validation rules (skipping asynchronous validators) for this document.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This method is useful if you need synchronous validation.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const err = doc.validateSync();
+ *     if (err) {
+ *       handleError(err);
+ *     } else {
+ *       // validation passed
+ *     }
+ *
+ * @param {Array|string} pathsToValidate only validate the given paths
+ * @param {Object} [options] options for validation
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.validateModifiedOnly=false] If `true`, Mongoose will only validate modified paths, as opposed to modified paths and `required` paths.
+ * @return {ValidationError|undefined} ValidationError if there are errors during validation, or undefined if there is no error.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.validateSync = function(pathsToValidate, options) {
+  const _this = this;
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof arguments[0] === 'object' && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
+    options = arguments[0];
+    pathsToValidate = null;
+  }
+
+  const hasValidateModifiedOnlyOption = options &&
+      (typeof options === 'object') &&
+      ('validateModifiedOnly' in options);
+
+  let shouldValidateModifiedOnly;
+  if (hasValidateModifiedOnlyOption) {
+    shouldValidateModifiedOnly = !!options.validateModifiedOnly;
+  } else {
+    shouldValidateModifiedOnly = this.$__schema.options.validateModifiedOnly;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof pathsToValidate === 'string') {
+    pathsToValidate = pathsToValidate.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  // only validate required fields when necessary
+  const pathDetails = _getPathsToValidate(this);
+  let paths = shouldValidateModifiedOnly ?
+    pathDetails[0].filter((path) => this.isModified(path)) :
+    pathDetails[0];
+  const skipSchemaValidators = pathDetails[1];
+
+  if (typeof pathsToValidate === 'string') {
+    pathsToValidate = pathsToValidate.split(' ');
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(pathsToValidate)) {
+    paths = _handlePathsToValidate(paths, pathsToValidate);
+  }
+  const validating = {};
+
+  paths.forEach(function(path) {
+    if (validating[path]) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    validating[path] = true;
+
+    const p = _this.$__schema.path(path);
+    if (!p) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!_this.$isValid(path)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const val = _this.$__getValue(path);
+    const err = p.doValidateSync(val, _this, {
+      skipSchemaValidators: skipSchemaValidators[path],
+      path: path,
+      validateModifiedOnly: shouldValidateModifiedOnly
+    });
+    if (err && (!p.$isMongooseDocumentArray || err.$isArrayValidatorError)) {
+      if (p.$isSingleNested &&
+          err instanceof ValidationError &&
+          p.schema.options.storeSubdocValidationError === false) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _this.invalidate(path, err, undefined, true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  const err = _this.$__.validationError;
+  _this.$__.validationError = undefined;
+  _this.emit('validate', _this);
+  _this.constructor.emit('validate', _this);
+
+  if (err) {
+    for (const key in err.errors) {
+      // Make sure cast errors persist
+      if (err.errors[key] instanceof MongooseError.CastError) {
+        _this.invalidate(key, err.errors[key]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return err;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks a path as invalid, causing validation to fail.
+ *
+ * The `errorMsg` argument will become the message of the `ValidationError`.
+ *
+ * The `value` argument (if passed) will be available through the `ValidationError.value` property.
+ *
+ *     doc.invalidate('size', 'must be less than 20', 14);
+
+ *     doc.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(err)
+ *       // prints
+ *       { message: 'Validation failed',
+ *         name: 'ValidationError',
+ *         errors:
+ *          { size:
+ *             { message: 'must be less than 20',
+ *               name: 'ValidatorError',
+ *               path: 'size',
+ *               type: 'user defined',
+ *               value: 14 } } }
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the field to invalidate. For array elements, use the `array.i.field` syntax, where `i` is the 0-based index in the array.
+ * @param {String|Error} errorMsg the error which states the reason `path` was invalid
+ * @param {Object|String|Number|any} value optional invalid value
+ * @param {String} [kind] optional `kind` property for the error
+ * @return {ValidationError} the current ValidationError, with all currently invalidated paths
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.invalidate = function(path, err, val, kind) {
+  if (!this.$__.validationError) {
+    this.$__.validationError = new ValidationError(this);
+  }
+
+  if (this.$__.validationError.errors[path]) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!err || typeof err === 'string') {
+    err = new ValidatorError({
+      path: path,
+      message: err,
+      type: kind || 'user defined',
+      value: val
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (this.$__.validationError === err) {
+    return this.$__.validationError;
+  }
+
+  this.$__.validationError.addError(path, err);
+  return this.$__.validationError;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks a path as valid, removing existing validation errors.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the field to mark as valid
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @method $markValid
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$markValid = function(path) {
+  if (!this.$__.validationError || !this.$__.validationError.errors[path]) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  delete this.$__.validationError.errors[path];
+  if (Object.keys(this.$__.validationError.errors).length === 0) {
+    this.$__.validationError = null;
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _markValidSubpaths(doc, path) {
+  if (!doc.$__.validationError) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(doc.$__.validationError.errors);
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    if (key.startsWith(path + '.')) {
+      delete doc.$__.validationError.errors[key];
+    }
+  }
+  if (Object.keys(doc.$__.validationError.errors).length === 0) {
+    doc.$__.validationError = null;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _checkImmutableSubpaths(subdoc, schematype, priorVal) {
+  const schema = schematype.schema;
+  if (schema == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema.paths)) {
+    const path = schema.paths[key];
+    if (path.$immutableSetter == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const oldVal = priorVal == null ? void 0 : priorVal.$__getValue(key);
+    // Calling immutableSetter with `oldVal` even though it expects `newVal`
+    // is intentional. That's because `$immutableSetter` compares its param
+    // to the current value.
+    path.$immutableSetter.call(subdoc, oldVal);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Saves this document by inserting a new document into the database if [document.isNew](/docs/api.html#document_Document-isNew) is `true`,
+ * or sends an [updateOne](/docs/api.html#document_Document-updateOne) operation **only** with the modifications to the database, it does not replace the whole document in the latter case.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     product.sold = Date.now();
+ *     product = await product.save();
+ *
+ * If save is successful, the returned promise will fulfill with the document
+ * saved.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const newProduct = await product.save();
+ *     newProduct === product; // true
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] options optional options
+ * @param {Session} [options.session=null] the [session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/) associated with this save operation. If not specified, defaults to the [document's associated session](api.html#document_Document-$session).
+ * @param {Object} [options.safe] (DEPRECATED) overrides [schema's safe option](http://mongoosejs.com//docs/guide.html#safe). Use the `w` option instead.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.validateBeforeSave] set to false to save without validating.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.validateModifiedOnly=false] If `true`, Mongoose will only validate modified paths, as opposed to modified paths and `required` paths.
+ * @param {Number|String} [options.w] set the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#w-option). Overrides the [schema-level `writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.j] set to true for MongoDB to wait until this `save()` has been [journaled before resolving the returned promise](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#j-option). Overrides the [schema-level `writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Number} [options.wtimeout] sets a [timeout for the write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#wtimeout). Overrides the [schema-level `writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys=true] the MongoDB driver prevents you from saving keys that start with '$' or contain '.' by default. Set this option to `false` to skip that check. See [restrictions on field names](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/limits/#Restrictions-on-Field-Names)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=true] if `false` and [timestamps](./guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this `save()`.
+ * @param {Function} [fn] optional callback
+ * @method save
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @throws {DocumentNotFoundError} if this [save updates an existing document](api.html#document_Document-isNew) but the document doesn't exist in the database. For example, you will get this error if the document is [deleted between when you retrieved the document and when you saved it](documents.html#updating).
+ * @return {Promise|undefined} Returns undefined if used with callback or a Promise otherwise.
+ * @api public
+ * @see middleware http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a path is invalid
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array<String>} path the field to check
+ * @method $isValid
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$isValid = function(path) {
+  if (this.$__.validationError == null || Object.keys(this.$__.validationError.errors).length === 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (path == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (path.indexOf(' ') !== -1) {
+    path = path.split(' ');
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
+    return path.some(p => this.$__.validationError.errors[p] == null);
+  }
+
+  return this.$__.validationError.errors[path] == null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resets the internal modified state of this document.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Document}
+ * @method $__reset
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__reset = function reset() {
+  let _this = this;
+  DocumentArray || (DocumentArray = require('./types/documentarray'));
+
+  this.$__.activePaths
+    .map('init', 'modify', function(i) {
+      return _this.$__getValue(i);
+    })
+    .filter(function(val) {
+      return val && val instanceof Array && val.isMongooseDocumentArray && val.length;
+    })
+    .forEach(function(array) {
+      let i = array.length;
+      while (i--) {
+        const doc = array[i];
+        if (!doc) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        doc.$__reset();
+      }
+
+      _this.$__.activePaths.init(array.$path());
+
+      array[arrayAtomicsBackupSymbol] = array[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+      array[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = {};
+    });
+
+  this.$__.activePaths.
+    map('init', 'modify', function(i) {
+      return _this.$__getValue(i);
+    }).
+    filter(function(val) {
+      return val && val.$isSingleNested;
+    }).
+    forEach(function(doc) {
+      doc.$__reset();
+      if (doc.$__parent === _this) {
+        _this.$__.activePaths.init(doc.$basePath);
+      } else if (doc.$__parent != null && doc.$__parent.ownerDocument) {
+        // If map path underneath subdocument, may end up with a case where
+        // map path is modified but parent still needs to be reset. See gh-10295
+        doc.$__parent.$__reset();
+      }
+    });
+
+  // clear atomics
+  this.$__dirty().forEach(function(dirt) {
+    const type = dirt.value;
+
+    if (type && type[arrayAtomicsSymbol]) {
+      type[arrayAtomicsBackupSymbol] = type[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+      type[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = {};
+    }
+  });
+
+  this.$__.backup = {};
+  this.$__.backup.activePaths = {
+    modify: Object.assign({}, this.$__.activePaths.states.modify),
+    default: Object.assign({}, this.$__.activePaths.states.default)
+  };
+  this.$__.backup.validationError = this.$__.validationError;
+  this.$__.backup.errors = this.errors;
+
+  // Clear 'dirty' cache
+  this.$__.activePaths.clear('modify');
+  this.$__.activePaths.clear('default');
+  this.$__.validationError = undefined;
+  this.errors = undefined;
+  _this = this;
+  this.$__schema.requiredPaths().forEach(function(path) {
+    _this.$__.activePaths.require(path);
+  });
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__undoReset = function $__undoReset() {
+  if (this.$__.backup == null || this.$__.backup.activePaths == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.$__.activePaths.states.modify = this.$__.backup.activePaths.modify;
+  this.$__.activePaths.states.default = this.$__.backup.activePaths.default;
+
+  this.$__.validationError = this.$__.backup.validationError;
+  this.errors = this.$__.backup.errors;
+
+  for (const dirt of this.$__dirty()) {
+    const type = dirt.value;
+
+    if (type && type[arrayAtomicsSymbol] && type[arrayAtomicsBackupSymbol]) {
+      type[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = type[arrayAtomicsBackupSymbol];
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const subdoc of this.$getAllSubdocs()) {
+    subdoc.$__undoReset();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this documents dirty paths / vals.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__dirty
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__dirty = function() {
+  const _this = this;
+
+  let all = this.$__.activePaths.map('modify', function(path) {
+    return {
+      path: path,
+      value: _this.$__getValue(path),
+      schema: _this.$__path(path)
+    };
+  });
+  // gh-2558: if we had to set a default and the value is not undefined,
+  // we have to save as well
+  all = all.concat(this.$__.activePaths.map('default', function(path) {
+    if (path === '_id' || _this.$__getValue(path) == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    return {
+      path: path,
+      value: _this.$__getValue(path),
+      schema: _this.$__path(path)
+    };
+  }));
+
+  // Sort dirty paths in a flat hierarchy.
+  all.sort(function(a, b) {
+    return (a.path < b.path ? -1 : (a.path > b.path ? 1 : 0));
+  });
+
+  // Ignore "foo.a" if "foo" is dirty already.
+  const minimal = [];
+  let lastPath;
+  let top;
+
+  all.forEach(function(item) {
+    if (!item) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (lastPath == null || item.path.indexOf(lastPath) !== 0) {
+      lastPath = item.path + '.';
+      minimal.push(item);
+      top = item;
+    } else if (top != null &&
+        top.value != null &&
+        top.value[arrayAtomicsSymbol] != null &&
+        top.value.hasAtomics()) {
+      // special case for top level MongooseArrays
+      // the `top` array itself and a sub path of `top` are being modified.
+      // the only way to honor all of both modifications is through a $set
+      // of entire array.
+      top.value[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = {};
+      top.value[arrayAtomicsSymbol].$set = top.value;
+    }
+  });
+  top = lastPath = null;
+  return minimal;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Assigns/compiles `schema` into this documents prototype.
+ *
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__setSchema
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__setSchema = function(schema) {
+  schema.plugin(idGetter, { deduplicate: true });
+  compile(schema.tree, this, undefined, schema.options);
+
+  // Apply default getters if virtual doesn't have any (gh-6262)
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema.virtuals)) {
+    schema.virtuals[key]._applyDefaultGetters();
+  }
+  if (schema.path('schema') == null) {
+    this.schema = schema;
+  }
+  this.$__schema = schema;
+  this[documentSchemaSymbol] = schema;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Get active path that were changed and are arrays
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__getArrayPathsToValidate
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__getArrayPathsToValidate = function() {
+  DocumentArray || (DocumentArray = require('./types/documentarray'));
+
+  // validate all document arrays.
+  return this.$__.activePaths
+    .map('init', 'modify', function(i) {
+      return this.$__getValue(i);
+    }.bind(this))
+    .filter(function(val) {
+      return val && val instanceof Array && val.isMongooseDocumentArray && val.length;
+    }).reduce(function(seed, array) {
+      return seed.concat(array);
+    }, [])
+    .filter(function(doc) {
+      return doc;
+    });
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Get all subdocs (by bfs)
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method $getAllSubdocs
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$getAllSubdocs = function $getAllSubdocs() {
+  DocumentArray || (DocumentArray = require('./types/documentarray'));
+  Embedded = Embedded || require('./types/embedded');
+
+  function docReducer(doc, seed, path) {
+    let val = doc;
+    let isNested = false;
+    if (path) {
+      if (doc instanceof Document && doc[documentSchemaSymbol].paths[path]) {
+        val = doc._doc[path];
+      } else if (doc instanceof Document && doc[documentSchemaSymbol].nested[path]) {
+        val = doc._doc[path];
+        isNested = true;
+      } else {
+        val = doc[path];
+      }
+    }
+    if (val instanceof Embedded) {
+      seed.push(val);
+    } else if (val instanceof Map) {
+      seed = Array.from(val.keys()).reduce(function(seed, path) {
+        return docReducer(val.get(path), seed, null);
+      }, seed);
+    } else if (val && val.$isSingleNested) {
+      seed = Object.keys(val._doc).reduce(function(seed, path) {
+        return docReducer(val._doc, seed, path);
+      }, seed);
+      seed.push(val);
+    } else if (val && val.isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      val.forEach(function _docReduce(doc) {
+        if (!doc || !doc._doc) {
+          return;
+        }
+        seed = Object.keys(doc._doc).reduce(function(seed, path) {
+          return docReducer(doc._doc, seed, path);
+        }, seed);
+        if (doc instanceof Embedded) {
+          seed.push(doc);
+        }
+      });
+    } else if (isNested && val != null) {
+      for (const path of Object.keys(val)) {
+        docReducer(val, seed, path);
+      }
+    }
+    return seed;
+  }
+
+  const subDocs = [];
+  for (const path of Object.keys(this._doc)) {
+    docReducer(this, subDocs, path);
+  }
+
+  return subDocs;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Runs queued functions
+ */
+
+function applyQueue(doc) {
+  const q = doc.$__schema && doc.$__schema.callQueue;
+  if (!q.length) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const pair of q) {
+    if (pair[0] !== 'pre' && pair[0] !== 'post' && pair[0] !== 'on') {
+      doc[pair[0]].apply(doc, pair[1]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__handleReject = function handleReject(err) {
+  // emit on the Model if listening
+  if (this.listeners('error').length) {
+    this.emit('error', err);
+  } else if (this.constructor.listeners && this.constructor.listeners('error').length) {
+    this.constructor.emit('error', err);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Internal helper for toObject() and toJSON() that doesn't manipulate options
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $toObject
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$toObject = function(options, json) {
+  let defaultOptions = {
+    transform: true,
+    flattenDecimals: true
+  };
+
+  const path = json ? 'toJSON' : 'toObject';
+  const baseOptions = get(this, 'constructor.base.options.' + path, {});
+  const schemaOptions = get(this, '$__schema.options', {});
+  // merge base default options with Schema's set default options if available.
+  // `clone` is necessary here because `utils.options` directly modifies the second input.
+  defaultOptions = utils.options(defaultOptions, clone(baseOptions));
+  defaultOptions = utils.options(defaultOptions, clone(schemaOptions[path] || {}));
+
+  // If options do not exist or is not an object, set it to empty object
+  options = utils.isPOJO(options) ? clone(options) : {};
+  options._calledWithOptions = options._calledWithOptions || clone(options);
+
+  let _minimize;
+  if (options._calledWithOptions.minimize != null) {
+    _minimize = options.minimize;
+  } else if (defaultOptions.minimize != null) {
+    _minimize = defaultOptions.minimize;
+  } else {
+    _minimize = schemaOptions.minimize;
+  }
+
+  let flattenMaps;
+  if (options._calledWithOptions.flattenMaps != null) {
+    flattenMaps = options.flattenMaps;
+  } else if (defaultOptions.flattenMaps != null) {
+    flattenMaps = defaultOptions.flattenMaps;
+  } else {
+    flattenMaps = schemaOptions.flattenMaps;
+  }
+
+  // The original options that will be passed to `clone()`. Important because
+  // `clone()` will recursively call `$toObject()` on embedded docs, so we
+  // need the original options the user passed in, plus `_isNested` and
+  // `_parentOptions` for checking whether we need to depopulate.
+  const cloneOptions = Object.assign(utils.clone(options), {
+    _isNested: true,
+    json: json,
+    minimize: _minimize,
+    flattenMaps: flattenMaps
+  });
+
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(options, 'getters')) {
+    cloneOptions.getters = options.getters;
+  }
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(options, 'virtuals')) {
+    cloneOptions.virtuals = options.virtuals;
+  }
+
+  const depopulate = options.depopulate ||
+    get(options, '_parentOptions.depopulate', false);
+  // _isNested will only be true if this is not the top level document, we
+  // should never depopulate
+  if (depopulate && options._isNested && this.$__.wasPopulated) {
+    // populated paths that we set to a document
+    return clone(this._id, cloneOptions);
+  }
+
+  // merge default options with input options.
+  options = utils.options(defaultOptions, options);
+  options._isNested = true;
+  options.json = json;
+  options.minimize = _minimize;
+
+  cloneOptions._parentOptions = options;
+  cloneOptions._skipSingleNestedGetters = true;
+
+  const gettersOptions = Object.assign({}, cloneOptions);
+  gettersOptions._skipSingleNestedGetters = false;
+
+  // remember the root transform function
+  // to save it from being overwritten by sub-transform functions
+  const originalTransform = options.transform;
+
+  let ret = clone(this._doc, cloneOptions) || {};
+
+  if (options.getters) {
+    applyGetters(this, ret, gettersOptions);
+
+    if (options.minimize) {
+      ret = minimize(ret) || {};
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.virtuals || (options.getters && options.virtuals !== false)) {
+    applyVirtuals(this, ret, gettersOptions, options);
+  }
+
+  if (options.versionKey === false && this.$__schema.options.versionKey) {
+    delete ret[this.$__schema.options.versionKey];
+  }
+
+  let transform = options.transform;
+
+  // In the case where a subdocument has its own transform function, we need to
+  // check and see if the parent has a transform (options.transform) and if the
+  // child schema has a transform (this.schema.options.toObject) In this case,
+  // we need to adjust options.transform to be the child schema's transform and
+  // not the parent schema's
+  if (transform) {
+    applySchemaTypeTransforms(this, ret);
+  }
+
+  if (options.useProjection) {
+    omitDeselectedFields(this, ret);
+  }
+
+  if (transform === true || (schemaOptions.toObject && transform)) {
+    const opts = options.json ? schemaOptions.toJSON : schemaOptions.toObject;
+
+    if (opts) {
+      transform = (typeof options.transform === 'function' ? options.transform : opts.transform);
+    }
+  } else {
+    options.transform = originalTransform;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof transform === 'function') {
+    const xformed = transform(this, ret, options);
+    if (typeof xformed !== 'undefined') {
+      ret = xformed;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts this document into a plain-old JavaScript object ([POJO](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/pojo)).
+ *
+ * Buffers are converted to instances of [mongodb.Binary](http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/api-bson-generated/binary.html) for proper storage.
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `getters` apply all getters (path and virtual getters), defaults to false
+ * - `aliases` apply all aliases if `virtuals=true`, defaults to true
+ * - `virtuals` apply virtual getters (can override `getters` option), defaults to false
+ * - `minimize` remove empty objects, defaults to true
+ * - `transform` a transform function to apply to the resulting document before returning
+ * - `depopulate` depopulate any populated paths, replacing them with their original refs, defaults to false
+ * - `versionKey` whether to include the version key, defaults to true
+ * - `flattenMaps` convert Maps to POJOs. Useful if you want to JSON.stringify() the result of toObject(), defaults to false
+ * - `useProjection` set to `true` to omit fields that are excluded in this document's projection. Unless you specified a projection, this will omit any field that has `select: false` in the schema.
+ *
+ * ####Getters/Virtuals
+ *
+ * Example of only applying path getters
+ *
+ *     doc.toObject({ getters: true, virtuals: false })
+ *
+ * Example of only applying virtual getters
+ *
+ *     doc.toObject({ virtuals: true })
+ *
+ * Example of applying both path and virtual getters
+ *
+ *     doc.toObject({ getters: true })
+ *
+ * To apply these options to every document of your schema by default, set your [schemas](#schema_Schema) `toObject` option to the same argument.
+ *
+ *     schema.set('toObject', { virtuals: true })
+ *
+ * ####Transform
+ *
+ * We may need to perform a transformation of the resulting object based on some criteria, say to remove some sensitive information or return a custom object. In this case we set the optional `transform` function.
+ *
+ * Transform functions receive three arguments
+ *
+ *     function (doc, ret, options) {}
+ *
+ * - `doc` The mongoose document which is being converted
+ * - `ret` The plain object representation which has been converted
+ * - `options` The options in use (either schema options or the options passed inline)
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // specify the transform schema option
+ *     if (!schema.options.toObject) schema.options.toObject = {};
+ *     schema.options.toObject.transform = function (doc, ret, options) {
+ *       // remove the _id of every document before returning the result
+ *       delete ret._id;
+ *       return ret;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // without the transformation in the schema
+ *     doc.toObject(); // { _id: 'anId', name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *
+ *     // with the transformation
+ *     doc.toObject(); // { name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *
+ * With transformations we can do a lot more than remove properties. We can even return completely new customized objects:
+ *
+ *     if (!schema.options.toObject) schema.options.toObject = {};
+ *     schema.options.toObject.transform = function (doc, ret, options) {
+ *       return { movie: ret.name }
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // without the transformation in the schema
+ *     doc.toObject(); // { _id: 'anId', name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *
+ *     // with the transformation
+ *     doc.toObject(); // { movie: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *
+ * _Note: if a transform function returns `undefined`, the return value will be ignored._
+ *
+ * Transformations may also be applied inline, overridding any transform set in the options:
+ *
+ *     function xform (doc, ret, options) {
+ *       return { inline: ret.name, custom: true }
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // pass the transform as an inline option
+ *     doc.toObject({ transform: xform }); // { inline: 'Wreck-it Ralph', custom: true }
+ *
+ * If you want to skip transformations, use `transform: false`:
+ *
+ *     schema.options.toObject.hide = '_id';
+ *     schema.options.toObject.transform = function (doc, ret, options) {
+ *       if (options.hide) {
+ *         options.hide.split(' ').forEach(function (prop) {
+ *           delete ret[prop];
+ *         });
+ *       }
+ *       return ret;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     const doc = new Doc({ _id: 'anId', secret: 47, name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' });
+ *     doc.toObject();                                        // { secret: 47, name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *     doc.toObject({ hide: 'secret _id', transform: false });// { _id: 'anId', secret: 47, name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *     doc.toObject({ hide: 'secret _id', transform: true }); // { name: 'Wreck-it Ralph' }
+ *
+ * If you pass a transform in `toObject()` options, Mongoose will apply the transform
+ * to [subdocuments](/docs/subdocs.html) in addition to the top-level document.
+ * Similarly, `transform: false` skips transforms for all subdocuments.
+ * Note that this is behavior is different for transforms defined in the schema:
+ * if you define a transform in `schema.options.toObject.transform`, that transform
+ * will **not** apply to subdocuments.
+ *
+ *     const memberSchema = new Schema({ name: String, email: String });
+ *     const groupSchema = new Schema({ members: [memberSchema], name: String, email });
+ *     const Group = mongoose.model('Group', groupSchema);
+ *
+ *     const doc = new Group({
+ *       name: 'Engineering',
+ *       email: 'dev@mongoosejs.io',
+ *       members: [{ name: 'Val', email: 'val@mongoosejs.io' }]
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Removes `email` from both top-level document **and** array elements
+ *     // { name: 'Engineering', members: [{ name: 'Val' }] }
+ *     doc.toObject({ transform: (doc, ret) => { delete ret.email; return ret; } });
+ *
+ * Transforms, like all of these options, are also available for `toJSON`. See [this guide to `JSON.stringify()`](https://thecodebarbarian.com/the-80-20-guide-to-json-stringify-in-javascript.html) to learn why `toJSON()` and `toObject()` are separate functions.
+ *
+ * See [schema options](/docs/guide.html#toObject) for some more details.
+ *
+ * _During save, no custom options are applied to the document before being sent to the database._
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.getters=false] if true, apply all getters, including virtuals
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.virtuals=false] if true, apply virtuals, including aliases. Use `{ getters: true, virtuals: false }` to just apply getters, not virtuals
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.aliases=true] if `options.virtuals = true`, you can set `options.aliases = false` to skip applying aliases. This option is a no-op if `options.virtuals = false`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.minimize=true] if true, omit any empty objects from the output
+ * @param {Function|null} [options.transform=null] if set, mongoose will call this function to allow you to transform the returned object
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.depopulate=false] if true, replace any conventionally populated paths with the original id in the output. Has no affect on virtual populated paths.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.versionKey=true] if false, exclude the version key (`__v` by default) from the output
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.flattenMaps=false] if true, convert Maps to POJOs. Useful if you want to `JSON.stringify()` the result of `toObject()`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useProjection=false] - If true, omits fields that are excluded in this document's projection. Unless you specified a projection, this will omit any field that has `select: false` in the schema.
+ * @return {Object} js object
+ * @see mongodb.Binary http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/api-bson-generated/binary.html
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.toObject = function(options) {
+  return this.$toObject(options);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Minimizes an object, removing undefined values and empty objects
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object to minimize
+ * @return {Object}
+ */
+
+function minimize(obj) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(obj);
+  let i = keys.length;
+  let hasKeys;
+  let key;
+  let val;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    val = obj[key];
+
+    if (utils.isObject(val) && !Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
+      obj[key] = minimize(val);
+    }
+
+    if (undefined === obj[key]) {
+      delete obj[key];
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    hasKeys = true;
+  }
+
+  return hasKeys
+    ? obj
+    : undefined;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Applies virtuals properties to `json`.
+ */
+
+function applyVirtuals(self, json, options, toObjectOptions) {
+  const schema = self.$__schema;
+  const paths = Object.keys(schema.virtuals);
+  let i = paths.length;
+  const numPaths = i;
+  let path;
+  let assignPath;
+  let cur = self._doc;
+  let v;
+  const aliases = get(toObjectOptions, 'aliases', true);
+
+  if (!cur) {
+    return json;
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  for (i = 0; i < numPaths; ++i) {
+    path = paths[i];
+
+    // Allow skipping aliases with `toObject({ virtuals: true, aliases: false })`
+    if (!aliases && schema.aliases.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // We may be applying virtuals to a nested object, for example if calling
+    // `doc.nestedProp.toJSON()`. If so, the path we assign to, `assignPath`,
+    // will be a trailing substring of the `path`.
+    assignPath = path;
+    if (options.path != null) {
+      if (!path.startsWith(options.path + '.')) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      assignPath = path.substr(options.path.length + 1);
+    }
+    const parts = assignPath.split('.');
+    v = clone(self.get(path), options);
+    if (v === void 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const plen = parts.length;
+    cur = json;
+    for (let j = 0; j < plen - 1; ++j) {
+      cur[parts[j]] = cur[parts[j]] || {};
+      cur = cur[parts[j]];
+    }
+    cur[parts[plen - 1]] = v;
+  }
+
+  return json;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Applies virtuals properties to `json`.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} self
+ * @param {Object} json
+ * @return {Object} `json`
+ */
+
+function applyGetters(self, json, options) {
+  const schema = self.$__schema;
+  const paths = Object.keys(schema.paths);
+  let i = paths.length;
+  let path;
+  let cur = self._doc;
+  let v;
+
+  if (!cur) {
+    return json;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    path = paths[i];
+
+    const parts = path.split('.');
+    const plen = parts.length;
+    const last = plen - 1;
+    let branch = json;
+    let part;
+    cur = self._doc;
+
+    if (!self.$__isSelected(path)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    for (let ii = 0; ii < plen; ++ii) {
+      part = parts[ii];
+      v = cur[part];
+      if (ii === last) {
+        const val = self.get(path);
+        branch[part] = clone(val, options);
+      } else if (v == null) {
+        if (part in cur) {
+          branch[part] = v;
+        }
+        break;
+      } else {
+        branch = branch[part] || (branch[part] = {});
+      }
+      cur = v;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return json;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Applies schema type transforms to `json`.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} self
+ * @param {Object} json
+ * @return {Object} `json`
+ */
+
+function applySchemaTypeTransforms(self, json) {
+  const schema = self.$__schema;
+  const paths = Object.keys(schema.paths || {});
+  const cur = self._doc;
+
+  if (!cur) {
+    return json;
+  }
+
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    const schematype = schema.paths[path];
+    if (typeof schematype.options.transform === 'function') {
+      const val = self.get(path);
+      const transformedValue = schematype.options.transform.call(self, val);
+      throwErrorIfPromise(path, transformedValue);
+      utils.setValue(path, transformedValue, json);
+    } else if (schematype.$embeddedSchemaType != null &&
+        typeof schematype.$embeddedSchemaType.options.transform === 'function') {
+      const vals = [].concat(self.get(path));
+      const transform = schematype.$embeddedSchemaType.options.transform;
+      for (let i = 0; i < vals.length; ++i) {
+        const transformedValue = transform.call(self, vals[i]);
+        vals[i] = transformedValue;
+        throwErrorIfPromise(path, transformedValue);
+      }
+
+      json[path] = vals;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return json;
+}
+
+function throwErrorIfPromise(path, transformedValue) {
+  if (isPromise(transformedValue)) {
+    throw new Error('`transform` function must be synchronous, but the transform on path `' + path + '` returned a promise.');
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function omitDeselectedFields(self, json) {
+  const schema = self.$__schema;
+  const paths = Object.keys(schema.paths || {});
+  const cur = self._doc;
+
+  if (!cur) {
+    return json;
+  }
+
+  let selected = self.$__.selected;
+  if (selected === void 0) {
+    selected = {};
+    queryhelpers.applyPaths(selected, schema);
+  }
+  if (selected == null || Object.keys(selected).length === 0) {
+    return json;
+  }
+
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    if (selected[path] != null && !selected[path]) {
+      delete json[path];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return json;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The return value of this method is used in calls to JSON.stringify(doc).
+ *
+ * This method accepts the same options as [Document#toObject](#document_Document-toObject). To apply the options to every document of your schema by default, set your [schemas](#schema_Schema) `toJSON` option to the same argument.
+ *
+ *     schema.set('toJSON', { virtuals: true })
+ *
+ * See [schema options](/docs/guide.html#toJSON) for details.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @see Document#toObject #document_Document-toObject
+ * @see JSON.stringify() in JavaScript https://thecodebarbarian.com/the-80-20-guide-to-json-stringify-in-javascript.html
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.toJSON = function(options) {
+  return this.$toObject(options, true);
+};
+
+/**
+ * If this document is a subdocument or populated document, returns the document's
+ * parent. Returns `undefined` otherwise.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method parent
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.parent = function() {
+  return this.$__.parent;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias for `parent()`. If this document is a subdocument or populated
+ * document, returns the document's parent. Returns `undefined` otherwise.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method $parent
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$parent = Document.prototype.parent;
+
+/**
+ * Helper for console.log
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method inspect
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.inspect = function(options) {
+  const isPOJO = utils.isPOJO(options);
+  let opts;
+  if (isPOJO) {
+    opts = options;
+    opts.minimize = false;
+  }
+  const ret = this.toObject(opts);
+
+  if (ret == null) {
+    // If `toObject()` returns null, `this` is still an object, so if `inspect()`
+    // prints out null this can cause some serious confusion. See gh-7942.
+    return 'MongooseDocument { ' + ret + ' }';
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+if (inspect.custom) {
+  /*!
+  * Avoid Node deprecation warning DEP0079
+  */
+
+  Document.prototype[inspect.custom] = Document.prototype.inspect;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper for console.log
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method toString
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.toString = function() {
+  const ret = this.inspect();
+  if (typeof ret === 'string') {
+    return ret;
+  }
+  return inspect(ret);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if this document is equal to another document.
+ *
+ * Documents are considered equal when they have matching `_id`s, unless neither
+ * document has an `_id`, in which case this function falls back to using
+ * `deepEqual()`.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} doc a document to compare
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.equals = function(doc) {
+  if (!doc) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const tid = this.$__getValue('_id');
+  const docid = doc.$__ != null ? doc.$__getValue('_id') : doc;
+  if (!tid && !docid) {
+    return deepEqual(this, doc);
+  }
+  return tid && tid.equals
+    ? tid.equals(docid)
+    : tid === docid;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Populates document references, executing the `callback` when complete.
+ * If you want to use promises instead, use this function with
+ * [`execPopulate()`](#document_Document-execPopulate)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     doc
+ *     .populate('company')
+ *     .populate({
+ *       path: 'notes',
+ *       match: /airline/,
+ *       select: 'text',
+ *       model: 'modelName'
+ *       options: opts
+ *     }, function (err, user) {
+ *       assert(doc._id === user._id) // the document itself is passed
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // summary
+ *     doc.populate(path)                   // not executed
+ *     doc.populate(options);               // not executed
+ *     doc.populate(path, callback)         // executed
+ *     doc.populate(options, callback);     // executed
+ *     doc.populate(callback);              // executed
+ *     doc.populate(options).execPopulate() // executed, returns promise
+ *
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * Population does not occur unless a `callback` is passed *or* you explicitly
+ * call `execPopulate()`.
+ * Passing the same path a second time will overwrite the previous path options.
+ * See [Model.populate()](#model_Model.populate) for explaination of options.
+ *
+ * @see Model.populate #model_Model.populate
+ * @see Document.execPopulate #document_Document-execPopulate
+ * @param {String|Object} [path] The path to populate or an options object
+ * @param {Function} [callback] When passed, population is invoked
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Document} this
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.populate = function populate() {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const pop = this.$__.populate || (this.$__.populate = {});
+  const args = utils.args(arguments);
+  let fn;
+
+  if (typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function') {
+    fn = args.pop();
+  }
+
+  // allow `doc.populate(callback)`
+  if (args.length) {
+    // use hash to remove duplicate paths
+    const res = utils.populate.apply(null, args);
+    for (const populateOptions of res) {
+      pop[populateOptions.path] = populateOptions;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (fn) {
+    const paths = utils.object.vals(pop);
+    this.$__.populate = undefined;
+    let topLevelModel = this.constructor;
+    if (this.$__isNested) {
+      topLevelModel = this.$__[scopeSymbol].constructor;
+      const nestedPath = this.$__.nestedPath;
+      paths.forEach(function(populateOptions) {
+        populateOptions.path = nestedPath + '.' + populateOptions.path;
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Use `$session()` by default if the document has an associated session
+    // See gh-6754
+    if (this.$session() != null) {
+      const session = this.$session();
+      paths.forEach(path => {
+        if (path.options == null) {
+          path.options = { session: session };
+          return;
+        }
+        if (!('session' in path.options)) {
+          path.options.session = session;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    topLevelModel.populate(this, paths, fn);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets all populated documents associated with this document.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Array<Document>} array of populated documents. Empty array if there are no populated documents associated with this document.
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+Document.prototype.$getPopulatedDocs = function $getPopulatedDocs() {
+  let keys = [];
+  if (this.$__.populated != null) {
+    keys = keys.concat(Object.keys(this.$__.populated));
+  }
+  if (this.$$populatedVirtuals != null) {
+    keys = keys.concat(Object.keys(this.$$populatedVirtuals));
+  }
+  let result = [];
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    const value = this.get(key);
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      result = result.concat(value);
+    } else if (value instanceof Document) {
+      result.push(value);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Explicitly executes population and returns a promise. Useful for promises integration.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const promise = doc.
+ *       populate('company').
+ *       populate({
+ *         path: 'notes',
+ *         match: /airline/,
+ *         select: 'text',
+ *         model: 'modelName'
+ *         options: opts
+ *       }).
+ *       execPopulate();
+ *
+ *     // summary
+ *     doc.execPopulate().then(resolve, reject);
+ *
+ *   // you can also use doc.execPopulate(options) as a shorthand for
+ *   // doc.populate(options).execPopulate()
+ *
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *   const promise = doc.execPopulate({ path: 'company', select: 'employees' });
+ *
+ *   // summary
+ *   promise.then(resolve,reject);
+ *
+ * @see Document.populate #document_Document-populate
+ * @api public
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback. If specified, a promise will **not** be returned
+ * @return {Promise} promise that resolves to the document when population is done
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.execPopulate = function(callback) {
+  const isUsingShorthand = callback != null && typeof callback !== 'function';
+  if (isUsingShorthand) {
+    return this.populate.apply(this, arguments).execPopulate();
+  }
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    this.populate(cb);
+  }, this.constructor.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets _id(s) used during population of the given `path`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.findOne().populate('author').exec(function (err, doc) {
+ *       console.log(doc.author.name)         // Dr.Seuss
+ *       console.log(doc.populated('author')) // '5144cf8050f071d979c118a7'
+ *     })
+ *
+ * If the path was not populated, returns `undefined`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Array|ObjectId|Number|Buffer|String|undefined}
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.populated = function(path, val, options) {
+  // val and options are internal
+  if (val == null || val === true) {
+    if (!this.$__.populated) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Map paths can be populated with either `path.$*` or just `path`
+    const _path = path.endsWith('.$*') ? path.replace(/\.\$\*$/, '') : path;
+
+    const v = this.$__.populated[_path];
+    if (v) {
+      return val === true ? v : v.value;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  this.$__.populated || (this.$__.populated = {});
+  this.$__.populated[path] = { value: val, options: options };
+
+  // If this was a nested populate, make sure each populated doc knows
+  // about its populated children (gh-7685)
+  const pieces = path.split('.');
+  for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length - 1; ++i) {
+    const subpath = pieces.slice(0, i + 1).join('.');
+    const subdoc = this.get(subpath);
+    if (subdoc != null && subdoc.$__ != null && this.populated(subpath)) {
+      const rest = pieces.slice(i + 1).join('.');
+      subdoc.populated(rest, val, options);
+      // No need to continue because the above recursion should take care of
+      // marking the rest of the docs as populated
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Takes a populated field and returns it to its unpopulated state.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.findOne().populate('author').exec(function (err, doc) {
+ *       console.log(doc.author.name); // Dr.Seuss
+ *       console.log(doc.depopulate('author'));
+ *       console.log(doc.author); // '5144cf8050f071d979c118a7'
+ *     })
+ *
+ * If the path was not populated, this is a no-op.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Document} this
+ * @see Document.populate #document_Document-populate
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.depopulate = function(path) {
+  if (typeof path === 'string') {
+    path = path.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  let populatedIds;
+  const virtualKeys = this.$$populatedVirtuals ? Object.keys(this.$$populatedVirtuals) : [];
+  const populated = get(this, '$__.populated', {});
+
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    // Depopulate all
+    for (const virtualKey of virtualKeys) {
+      delete this.$$populatedVirtuals[virtualKey];
+      delete this._doc[virtualKey];
+      delete populated[virtualKey];
+    }
+
+    const keys = Object.keys(populated);
+
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      populatedIds = this.populated(key);
+      if (!populatedIds) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      delete populated[key];
+      this.$set(key, populatedIds);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  for (const singlePath of path) {
+    populatedIds = this.populated(singlePath);
+    delete populated[singlePath];
+
+    if (virtualKeys.indexOf(singlePath) !== -1) {
+      delete this.$$populatedVirtuals[singlePath];
+      delete this._doc[singlePath];
+    } else if (populatedIds) {
+      this.$set(singlePath, populatedIds);
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the full path to this document.
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__fullPath
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.$__fullPath = function(path) {
+  // overridden in SubDocuments
+  return path || '';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the changes that happened to the document
+ * in the format that will be sent to MongoDB.
+ *
+ * #### Example:
+ *
+ *     const userSchema = new Schema({
+ *       name: String,
+ *       age: Number,
+ *       country: String
+ *     });
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
+ *     const user = await User.create({
+ *       name: 'Hafez',
+ *       age: 25,
+ *       country: 'Egypt'
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // returns an empty object, no changes happened yet
+ *     user.getChanges(); // { }
+ *
+ *     user.country = undefined;
+ *     user.age = 26;
+ *
+ *     user.getChanges(); // { $set: { age: 26 }, { $unset: { country: 1 } } }
+ *
+ *     await user.save();
+ *
+ *     user.getChanges(); // { }
+ *
+ * Modifying the object that `getChanges()` returns does not affect the document's
+ * change tracking state. Even if you `delete user.getChanges().$set`, Mongoose
+ * will still send a `$set` to the server.
+ *
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api public
+ * @method getChanges
+ * @memberOf Document
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Document.prototype.getChanges = function() {
+  const delta = this.$__delta();
+  const changes = delta ? delta[1] : {};
+  return changes;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+Document.ValidationError = ValidationError;
+module.exports = exports = Document;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/document_provider.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/document_provider.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ace61f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/document_provider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/* eslint-env browser */
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+const Document = require('./document.js');
+const BrowserDocument = require('./browserDocument.js');
+
+let isBrowser = false;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the Document constructor for the current context
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+module.exports = function() {
+  if (isBrowser) {
+    return BrowserDocument;
+  }
+  return Document;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+module.exports.setBrowser = function(flag) {
+  isBrowser = flag;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/driver.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/driver.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf7ca3d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/driver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+let driver = null;
+
+module.exports.get = function() {
+  return driver;
+};
+
+module.exports.set = function(v) {
+  driver = v;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/SPEC.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/SPEC.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64646931e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/SPEC.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+# Driver Spec
+
+TODO
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/ReadPreference.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/ReadPreference.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..136357081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/ReadPreference.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function() {};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/binary.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/binary.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4658f7b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/binary.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const Binary = require('bson').Binary;
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = Binary;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/decimal128.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/decimal128.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5668182b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/decimal128.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = require('bson').Decimal128;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc4ac5f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+exports.Binary = require('./binary');
+exports.Collection = function() {
+  throw new Error('Cannot create a collection from browser library');
+};
+exports.getConnection = () => function() {
+  throw new Error('Cannot create a connection from browser library');
+};
+exports.Decimal128 = require('./decimal128');
+exports.ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+exports.ReadPreference = require('./ReadPreference');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/objectid.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/objectid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1e603d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/browser/objectid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+/*!
+ * [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) ObjectId
+ * @constructor NodeMongoDbObjectId
+ * @see ObjectId
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const ObjectId = require('bson').ObjectID;
+
+/*!
+ * Getter for convenience with populate, see gh-6115
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(ObjectId.prototype, '_id', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  configurable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this;
+  }
+});
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = ObjectId;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/ReadPreference.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/ReadPreference.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..024ee181a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/ReadPreference.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const mongodb = require('mongodb');
+const ReadPref = mongodb.ReadPreference;
+
+/*!
+ * Converts arguments to ReadPrefs the driver
+ * can understand.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} pref
+ * @param {Array} [tags]
+ */
+
+module.exports = function readPref(pref, tags) {
+  if (Array.isArray(pref)) {
+    tags = pref[1];
+    pref = pref[0];
+  }
+
+  if (pref instanceof ReadPref) {
+    return pref;
+  }
+
+  switch (pref) {
+    case 'p':
+      pref = 'primary';
+      break;
+    case 'pp':
+      pref = 'primaryPreferred';
+      break;
+    case 's':
+      pref = 'secondary';
+      break;
+    case 'sp':
+      pref = 'secondaryPreferred';
+      break;
+    case 'n':
+      pref = 'nearest';
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return new ReadPref(pref, tags);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/binary.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/binary.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e3c86f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/binary.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const Binary = require('mongodb').Binary;
+
+module.exports = exports = Binary;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95f8652df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseCollection = require('../../collection');
+const MongooseError = require('../../error/mongooseError');
+const Collection = require('mongodb').Collection;
+const ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+const get = require('../../helpers/get');
+const sliced = require('sliced');
+const stream = require('stream');
+const util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * A [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) collection implementation.
+ *
+ * All methods methods from the [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) driver are copied and wrapped in queue management.
+ *
+ * @inherits Collection
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function NativeCollection(name, conn, options) {
+  this.collection = null;
+  this.Promise = options.Promise || Promise;
+  this.modelName = options.modelName;
+  delete options.modelName;
+  this._closed = false;
+  MongooseCollection.apply(this, arguments);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Inherit from abstract Collection.
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.__proto__ = MongooseCollection.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Called when the connection opens.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.onOpen = function() {
+  const _this = this;
+
+  // always get a new collection in case the user changed host:port
+  // of parent db instance when re-opening the connection.
+
+  if (!_this.opts.capped.size) {
+    // non-capped
+    callback(null, _this.conn.db.collection(_this.name));
+    return _this.collection;
+  }
+
+  if (_this.opts.autoCreate === false) {
+    _this.collection = _this.conn.db.collection(_this.name);
+    MongooseCollection.prototype.onOpen.call(_this);
+    return _this.collection;
+  }
+
+  // capped
+  return _this.conn.db.collection(_this.name, function(err, c) {
+    if (err) return callback(err);
+
+    // discover if this collection exists and if it is capped
+    _this.conn.db.listCollections({ name: _this.name }).toArray(function(err, docs) {
+      if (err) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+      const doc = docs[0];
+      const exists = !!doc;
+
+      if (exists) {
+        if (doc.options && doc.options.capped) {
+          callback(null, c);
+        } else {
+          const msg = 'A non-capped collection exists with the name: ' + _this.name + '\n\n'
+              + ' To use this collection as a capped collection, please '
+              + 'first convert it.\n'
+              + ' http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Capped+Collections#CappedCollections-Convertingacollectiontocapped';
+          err = new Error(msg);
+          callback(err);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // create
+        const opts = Object.assign({}, _this.opts.capped);
+        opts.capped = true;
+        _this.conn.db.createCollection(_this.name, opts, callback);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  function callback(err, collection) {
+    if (err) {
+      // likely a strict mode error
+      _this.conn.emit('error', err);
+    } else {
+      _this.collection = collection;
+      MongooseCollection.prototype.onOpen.call(_this);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called when the connection closes
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.onClose = function(force) {
+  MongooseCollection.prototype.onClose.call(this, force);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const syncCollectionMethods = { watch: true };
+
+/*!
+ * Copy the collection methods and make them subject to queues
+ */
+
+function iter(i) {
+  NativeCollection.prototype[i] = function() {
+    const collection = this.collection;
+    const args = Array.from(arguments);
+    const _this = this;
+    const debug = get(_this, 'conn.base.options.debug');
+    const lastArg = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
+    const opId = new ObjectId();
+
+    // If user force closed, queueing will hang forever. See #5664
+    if (this.conn.$wasForceClosed) {
+      const error = new MongooseError('Connection was force closed');
+      if (args.length > 0 &&
+          typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function') {
+        args[args.length - 1](error);
+        return;
+      } else {
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+
+    let _args = args;
+    let callback = null;
+    if (this._shouldBufferCommands() && this.buffer) {
+      if (syncCollectionMethods[i]) {
+        throw new Error('Collection method ' + i + ' is synchronous');
+      }
+
+      this.conn.emit('buffer', {
+        _id: opId,
+        modelName: _this.modelName,
+        collectionName: _this.name,
+        method: i,
+        args: args
+      });
+
+      let callback;
+      let _args;
+      let promise = null;
+      let timeout = null;
+      if (typeof lastArg === 'function') {
+        callback = function collectionOperationCallback() {
+          if (timeout != null) {
+            clearTimeout(timeout);
+          }
+          return lastArg.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
+        _args = args.slice(0, args.length - 1).concat([callback]);
+      } else {
+        promise = new this.Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+          callback = function collectionOperationCallback(err, res) {
+            if (timeout != null) {
+              clearTimeout(timeout);
+            }
+            if (err != null) {
+              return reject(err);
+            }
+            resolve(res);
+          };
+          _args = args.concat([callback]);
+          this.addQueue(i, _args);
+        });
+      }
+
+      const bufferTimeoutMS = this._getBufferTimeoutMS();
+      timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+        const removed = this.removeQueue(i, _args);
+        if (removed) {
+          const message = 'Operation `' + this.name + '.' + i + '()` buffering timed out after ' +
+            bufferTimeoutMS + 'ms';
+          const err = new MongooseError(message);
+          this.conn.emit('buffer-end', { _id: opId, modelName: _this.modelName, collectionName: _this.name, method: i, error: err });
+          callback(err);
+        }
+      }, bufferTimeoutMS);
+
+      if (typeof lastArg === 'function') {
+        this.addQueue(i, _args);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+    } else if (!syncCollectionMethods[i] && typeof lastArg === 'function') {
+      callback = function collectionOperationCallback(err, res) {
+        if (err != null) {
+          _this.conn.emit('operation-end', { _id: opId, modelName: _this.modelName, collectionName: _this.name, method: i, error: err });
+        } else {
+          _this.conn.emit('operation-end', { _id: opId, modelName: _this.modelName, collectionName: _this.name, method: i, result: res });
+        }
+        return lastArg.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+      _args = args.slice(0, args.length - 1).concat([callback]);
+    }
+
+    if (debug) {
+      if (typeof debug === 'function') {
+        debug.apply(_this,
+          [_this.name, i].concat(sliced(args, 0, args.length - 1)));
+      } else if (debug instanceof stream.Writable) {
+        this.$printToStream(_this.name, i, args, debug);
+      } else {
+        const color = debug.color == null ? true : debug.color;
+        const shell = debug.shell == null ? false : debug.shell;
+        this.$print(_this.name, i, args, color, shell);
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.conn.emit('operation-start', { _id: opId, modelName: _this.modelName, collectionName: this.name, method: i, params: _args });
+
+    try {
+      if (collection == null) {
+        const message = 'Cannot call `' + this.name + '.' + i + '()` before initial connection ' +
+          'is complete if `bufferCommands = false`. Make sure you `await mongoose.connect()` if ' +
+          'you have `bufferCommands = false`.';
+        throw new MongooseError(message);
+      }
+      const ret = collection[i].apply(collection, _args);
+      if (ret != null && typeof ret.then === 'function') {
+        return ret.then(
+          res => {
+            this.conn.emit('operation-end', { _id: opId, modelName: this.modelName, collectionName: this.name, method: i, result: res });
+            return res;
+          },
+          err => {
+            this.conn.emit('operation-end', { _id: opId, modelName: this.modelName, collectionName: this.name, method: i, error: err });
+            throw err;
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      return ret;
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Collection operation may throw because of max bson size, catch it here
+      // See gh-3906
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(error);
+      } else {
+        this.conn.emit('operation-end', { _id: opId, modelName: _this.modelName, collectionName: this.name, method: i, error: error });
+      }
+      if (typeof lastArg === 'function') {
+        lastArg(error);
+      } else {
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+for (const key of Object.keys(Collection.prototype)) {
+  // Janky hack to work around gh-3005 until we can get rid of the mongoose
+  // collection abstraction
+  const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Collection.prototype, key);
+  // Skip properties with getters because they may throw errors (gh-8528)
+  if (descriptor.get !== undefined) {
+    continue;
+  }
+  if (typeof Collection.prototype[key] !== 'function') {
+    continue;
+  }
+
+  iter(key);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Debug print helper
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method $print
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.$print = function(name, i, args, color, shell) {
+  const moduleName = color ? '\x1B[0;36mMongoose:\x1B[0m ' : 'Mongoose: ';
+  const functionCall = [name, i].join('.');
+  const _args = [];
+  for (let j = args.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+    if (this.$format(args[j]) || _args.length) {
+      _args.unshift(this.$format(args[j], color, shell));
+    }
+  }
+  const params = '(' + _args.join(', ') + ')';
+
+  console.info(moduleName + functionCall + params);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Debug print helper
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method $print
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.$printToStream = function(name, i, args, stream) {
+  const functionCall = [name, i].join('.');
+  const _args = [];
+  for (let j = args.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+    if (this.$format(args[j]) || _args.length) {
+      _args.unshift(this.$format(args[j]));
+    }
+  }
+  const params = '(' + _args.join(', ') + ')';
+
+  stream.write(functionCall + params, 'utf8');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Formatter for debug print args
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @method $format
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.$format = function(arg, color, shell) {
+  const type = typeof arg;
+  if (type === 'function' || type === 'undefined') return '';
+  return format(arg, false, color, shell);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Debug print helper
+ */
+
+function inspectable(representation) {
+  const ret = {
+    inspect: function() { return representation; }
+  };
+  if (util.inspect.custom) {
+    ret[util.inspect.custom] = ret.inspect;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+function map(o) {
+  return format(o, true);
+}
+function formatObjectId(x, key) {
+  x[key] = inspectable('ObjectId("' + x[key].toHexString() + '")');
+}
+function formatDate(x, key, shell) {
+  if (shell) {
+    x[key] = inspectable('ISODate("' + x[key].toUTCString() + '")');
+  } else {
+    x[key] = inspectable('new Date("' + x[key].toUTCString() + '")');
+  }
+}
+function format(obj, sub, color, shell) {
+  if (obj && typeof obj.toBSON === 'function') {
+    obj = obj.toBSON();
+  }
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  const clone = require('../../helpers/clone');
+  let x = clone(obj, { transform: false });
+
+  if (x.constructor.name === 'Binary') {
+    x = 'BinData(' + x.sub_type + ', "' + x.toString('base64') + '")';
+  } else if (x.constructor.name === 'ObjectID') {
+    x = inspectable('ObjectId("' + x.toHexString() + '")');
+  } else if (x.constructor.name === 'Date') {
+    x = inspectable('new Date("' + x.toUTCString() + '")');
+  } else if (x.constructor.name === 'Object') {
+    const keys = Object.keys(x);
+    const numKeys = keys.length;
+    let key;
+    for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+      key = keys[i];
+      if (x[key]) {
+        let error;
+        if (typeof x[key].toBSON === 'function') {
+          try {
+            // `session.toBSON()` throws an error. This means we throw errors
+            // in debug mode when using transactions, see gh-6712. As a
+            // workaround, catch `toBSON()` errors, try to serialize without
+            // `toBSON()`, and rethrow if serialization still fails.
+            x[key] = x[key].toBSON();
+          } catch (_error) {
+            error = _error;
+          }
+        }
+        if (x[key].constructor.name === 'Binary') {
+          x[key] = 'BinData(' + x[key].sub_type + ', "' +
+            x[key].buffer.toString('base64') + '")';
+        } else if (x[key].constructor.name === 'Object') {
+          x[key] = format(x[key], true);
+        } else if (x[key].constructor.name === 'ObjectID') {
+          formatObjectId(x, key);
+        } else if (x[key].constructor.name === 'Date') {
+          formatDate(x, key, shell);
+        } else if (x[key].constructor.name === 'ClientSession') {
+          x[key] = inspectable('ClientSession("' +
+            get(x[key], 'id.id.buffer', '').toString('hex') + '")');
+        } else if (Array.isArray(x[key])) {
+          x[key] = x[key].map(map);
+        } else if (error != null) {
+          // If there was an error with `toBSON()` and the object wasn't
+          // already converted to a string representation, rethrow it.
+          // Open to better ideas on how to handle this.
+          throw error;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (sub) {
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  return util.
+    inspect(x, false, 10, color).
+    replace(/\n/g, '').
+    replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves information about this collections indexes.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @method getIndexes
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+NativeCollection.prototype.getIndexes = NativeCollection.prototype.indexInformation;
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = NativeCollection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/connection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/connection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eb9fe812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/connection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseConnection = require('../../connection');
+const STATES = require('../../connectionstate');
+const immediate = require('../../helpers/immediate');
+const setTimeout = require('../../helpers/timers').setTimeout;
+
+/**
+ * A [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) connection implementation.
+ *
+ * @inherits Connection
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function NativeConnection() {
+  MongooseConnection.apply(this, arguments);
+  this._listening = false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Expose the possible connection states.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+NativeConnection.STATES = STATES;
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from Connection.
+ */
+
+NativeConnection.prototype.__proto__ = MongooseConnection.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Switches to a different database using the same connection pool.
+ *
+ * Returns a new connection object, with the new db. If you set the `useCache`
+ * option, `useDb()` will cache connections by `name`.
+ *
+ * **Note:** Calling `close()` on a `useDb()` connection will close the base connection as well.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name The database name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useCache=false] If true, cache results so calling `useDb()` multiple times with the same name only creates 1 connection object.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.noListener=false] If true, the new connection object won't listen to any events on the base connection. This is better for memory usage in cases where you're calling `useDb()` for every request.
+ * @return {Connection} New Connection Object
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+NativeConnection.prototype.useDb = function(name, options) {
+  // Return immediately if cached
+  options = options || {};
+  if (options.useCache && this.relatedDbs[name]) {
+    return this.relatedDbs[name];
+  }
+
+  // we have to manually copy all of the attributes...
+  const newConn = new this.constructor();
+  newConn.name = name;
+  newConn.base = this.base;
+  newConn.collections = {};
+  newConn.models = {};
+  newConn.replica = this.replica;
+  newConn.config = Object.assign({}, this.config, newConn.config);
+  newConn.name = this.name;
+  newConn.options = this.options;
+  newConn._readyState = this._readyState;
+  newConn._closeCalled = this._closeCalled;
+  newConn._hasOpened = this._hasOpened;
+  newConn._listening = false;
+
+  newConn.host = this.host;
+  newConn.port = this.port;
+  newConn.user = this.user;
+  newConn.pass = this.pass;
+
+  // First, when we create another db object, we are not guaranteed to have a
+  // db object to work with. So, in the case where we have a db object and it
+  // is connected, we can just proceed with setting everything up. However, if
+  // we do not have a db or the state is not connected, then we need to wait on
+  // the 'open' event of the connection before doing the rest of the setup
+  // the 'connected' event is the first time we'll have access to the db object
+
+  const _this = this;
+
+  newConn.client = _this.client;
+
+  if (this.db && this._readyState === STATES.connected) {
+    wireup();
+  } else {
+    this.once('connected', wireup);
+  }
+
+  function wireup() {
+    newConn.client = _this.client;
+    const _opts = {};
+    if (options.hasOwnProperty('noListener')) {
+      _opts.noListener = options.noListener;
+    }
+    newConn.db = _this.client.db(name, _opts);
+    newConn.onOpen();
+    // setup the events appropriately
+    if (options.noListener !== true) {
+      listen(newConn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  newConn.name = name;
+
+  // push onto the otherDbs stack, this is used when state changes
+  if (options.noListener !== true) {
+    this.otherDbs.push(newConn);
+  }
+  newConn.otherDbs.push(this);
+
+  // push onto the relatedDbs cache, this is used when state changes
+  if (options && options.useCache) {
+    this.relatedDbs[newConn.name] = newConn;
+    newConn.relatedDbs = this.relatedDbs;
+  }
+
+  return newConn;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Register listeners for important events and bubble appropriately.
+ */
+
+function listen(conn) {
+  if (conn._listening) {
+    return;
+  }
+  conn._listening = true;
+
+  conn.client.on('close', function(force) {
+    if (conn._closeCalled) {
+      return;
+    }
+    conn._closeCalled = conn.client._closeCalled;
+
+    // the driver never emits an `open` event. auto_reconnect still
+    // emits a `close` event but since we never get another
+    // `open` we can't emit close
+    if (conn.db.serverConfig.autoReconnect) {
+      conn.readyState = STATES.disconnected;
+      conn.emit('close');
+      return;
+    }
+    conn.onClose(force);
+  });
+  conn.client.on('error', function(err) {
+    conn.emit('error', err);
+  });
+
+  if (!conn.client.s.options.useUnifiedTopology) {
+    conn.db.on('reconnect', function() {
+      conn.readyState = STATES.connected;
+      conn.emit('reconnect');
+      conn.emit('reconnected');
+      conn.onOpen();
+    });
+    conn.db.on('open', function(err, db) {
+      if (STATES.disconnected === conn.readyState && db && db.databaseName) {
+        conn.readyState = STATES.connected;
+        conn.emit('reconnect');
+        conn.emit('reconnected');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  conn.client.on('timeout', function(err) {
+    conn.emit('timeout', err);
+  });
+  conn.client.on('parseError', function(err) {
+    conn.emit('parseError', err);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Closes the connection
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} [force]
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @return {Connection} this
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+NativeConnection.prototype.doClose = function(force, fn) {
+  if (this.client == null) {
+    immediate(() => fn());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.client.close(force, (err, res) => {
+    // Defer because the driver will wait at least 1ms before finishing closing
+    // the pool, see https://github.com/mongodb-js/mongodb-core/blob/a8f8e4ce41936babc3b9112bf42d609779f03b39/lib/connection/pool.js#L1026-L1030.
+    // If there's queued operations, you may still get some background work
+    // after the callback is called.
+    setTimeout(() => fn(err, res), 1);
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = NativeConnection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/decimal128.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/decimal128.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c895f17fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/decimal128.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = require('mongodb').Decimal128;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ed9eb0a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+exports.Binary = require('./binary');
+exports.Collection = require('./collection');
+exports.Decimal128 = require('./decimal128');
+exports.ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+exports.ReadPreference = require('./ReadPreference');
+exports.getConnection = () => require('./connection');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/objectid.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/objectid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f432b796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/drivers/node-mongodb-native/objectid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+/*!
+ * [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) ObjectId
+ * @constructor NodeMongoDbObjectId
+ * @see ObjectId
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const ObjectId = require('mongodb').ObjectId;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = ObjectId;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/browserMissingSchema.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/browserMissingSchema.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe492d53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/browserMissingSchema.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+
+class MissingSchemaError extends MongooseError {
+  /*!
+   * MissingSchema Error constructor.
+   */
+  constructor() {
+    super('Schema hasn\'t been registered for document.\n'
+      + 'Use mongoose.Document(name, schema)');
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(MissingSchemaError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'MongooseError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = MissingSchemaError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/cast.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/cast.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc604b582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/cast.js
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./mongooseError');
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * Casting Error constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @param {String} value
+ * @inherits MongooseError
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+class CastError extends MongooseError {
+  constructor(type, value, path, reason, schemaType) {
+    // If no args, assume we'll `init()` later.
+    if (arguments.length > 0) {
+      const stringValue = getStringValue(value);
+      const valueType = getValueType(value);
+      const messageFormat = getMessageFormat(schemaType);
+      const msg = formatMessage(null, type, stringValue, path, messageFormat, valueType);
+      super(msg);
+      this.init(type, value, path, reason, schemaType);
+    } else {
+      super(formatMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  toJSON() {
+    return {
+      stringValue: this.stringValue,
+      valueType: this.valueType,
+      kind: this.kind,
+      value: this.value,
+      path: this.path,
+      reason: this.reason,
+      name: this.name,
+      message: this.message
+    };
+  }
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+  init(type, value, path, reason, schemaType) {
+    this.stringValue = getStringValue(value);
+    this.messageFormat = getMessageFormat(schemaType);
+    this.kind = type;
+    this.value = value;
+    this.path = path;
+    this.reason = reason;
+    this.valueType = getValueType(value);
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   * @param {Readonly<CastError>} other
+   */
+  copy(other) {
+    this.messageFormat = other.messageFormat;
+    this.stringValue = other.stringValue;
+    this.kind = other.kind;
+    this.value = other.value;
+    this.path = other.path;
+    this.reason = other.reason;
+    this.message = other.message;
+    this.valueType = other.valueType;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+  setModel(model) {
+    this.model = model;
+    this.message = formatMessage(model, this.kind, this.stringValue, this.path,
+      this.messageFormat, this.valueType);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(CastError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'CastError'
+});
+
+function getStringValue(value) {
+  let stringValue = util.inspect(value);
+  stringValue = stringValue.replace(/^'|'$/g, '"');
+  if (!stringValue.startsWith('"')) {
+    stringValue = '"' + stringValue + '"';
+  }
+  return stringValue;
+}
+
+function getValueType(value) {
+  if (value == null) {
+    return '' + value;
+  }
+
+  const t = typeof value;
+  if (t !== 'object') {
+    return t;
+  }
+  if (typeof value.constructor !== 'function') {
+    return t;
+  }
+  return value.constructor.name;
+}
+
+function getMessageFormat(schemaType) {
+  const messageFormat = get(schemaType, 'options.cast', null);
+  if (typeof messageFormat === 'string') {
+    return messageFormat;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function formatMessage(model, kind, stringValue, path, messageFormat, valueType) {
+  if (messageFormat != null) {
+    let ret = messageFormat.
+      replace('{KIND}', kind).
+      replace('{VALUE}', stringValue).
+      replace('{PATH}', path);
+    if (model != null) {
+      ret = ret.replace('{MODEL}', model.modelName);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  } else {
+    const valueTypeMsg = valueType ? ' (type ' + valueType + ')' : '';
+    let ret = 'Cast to ' + kind + ' failed for value ' +
+      stringValue + valueTypeMsg + ' at path "' + path + '"';
+    if (model != null) {
+      ret += ' for model "' + model.modelName + '"';
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = CastError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/disconnected.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/disconnected.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..777a1def2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/disconnected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+
+/**
+ * The connection failed to reconnect and will never successfully reconnect to
+ * MongoDB without manual intervention.
+ * @api private
+ */
+class DisconnectedError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * @param {String} connectionString
+   */
+  constructor(connectionString) {
+    super('Ran out of retries trying to reconnect to "' +
+      connectionString + '". Try setting `server.reconnectTries` and ' +
+      '`server.reconnectInterval` to something higher.');
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(DisconnectedError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'DisconnectedError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = DisconnectedError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/divergentArray.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/divergentArray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed86caf17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/divergentArray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+class DivergentArrayError extends MongooseError {
+  /*!
+   * DivergentArrayError constructor.
+   * @param {Array<String>} paths
+   */
+  constructor(paths) {
+    const msg = 'For your own good, using `document.save()` to update an array '
+            + 'which was selected using an $elemMatch projection OR '
+            + 'populated using skip, limit, query conditions, or exclusion of '
+            + 'the _id field when the operation results in a $pop or $set of '
+            + 'the entire array is not supported. The following '
+            + 'path(s) would have been modified unsafely:\n'
+            + '  ' + paths.join('\n  ') + '\n'
+            + 'Use Model.update() to update these arrays instead.';
+    // TODO write up a docs page (FAQ) and link to it
+    super(msg);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(DivergentArrayError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'DivergentArrayError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = DivergentArrayError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec4188d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * MongooseError constructor. MongooseError is the base class for all
+ * Mongoose-specific errors.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({ answer: Number }));
+ *     const doc = new Model({ answer: 'not a number' });
+ *     const err = doc.validateSync();
+ *
+ *     err instanceof mongoose.Error; // true
+ *
+ * @constructor Error
+ * @param {String} msg Error message
+ * @inherits Error https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./mongooseError');
+
+/**
+ * The name of the error. The name uniquely identifies this Mongoose error. The
+ * possible values are:
+ *
+ * - `MongooseError`: general Mongoose error
+ * - `CastError`: Mongoose could not convert a value to the type defined in the schema path. May be in a `ValidationError` class' `errors` property.
+ * - `DisconnectedError`: This [connection](connections.html) timed out in trying to reconnect to MongoDB and will not successfully reconnect to MongoDB unless you explicitly reconnect.
+ * - `DivergentArrayError`: You attempted to `save()` an array that was modified after you loaded it with a `$elemMatch` or similar projection
+ * - `MissingSchemaError`: You tried to access a model with [`mongoose.model()`](api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-model) that was not defined
+ * - `DocumentNotFoundError`: The document you tried to [`save()`](api.html#document_Document-save) was not found
+ * - `ValidatorError`: error from an individual schema path's validator
+ * - `ValidationError`: error returned from [`validate()`](api.html#document_Document-validate) or [`validateSync()`](api.html#document_Document-validateSync). Contains zero or more `ValidatorError` instances in `.errors` property.
+ * - `MissingSchemaError`: You called `mongoose.Document()` without a schema
+ * - `ObjectExpectedError`: Thrown when you set a nested path to a non-object value with [strict mode set](guide.html#strict).
+ * - `ObjectParameterError`: Thrown when you pass a non-object value to a function which expects an object as a paramter
+ * - `OverwriteModelError`: Thrown when you call [`mongoose.model()`](api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-model) to re-define a model that was already defined.
+ * - `ParallelSaveError`: Thrown when you call [`save()`](api.html#model_Model-save) on a document when the same document instance is already saving.
+ * - `StrictModeError`: Thrown when you set a path that isn't the schema and [strict mode](guide.html#strict) is set to `throw`.
+ * - `VersionError`: Thrown when the [document is out of sync](guide.html#versionKey)
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property {String} name
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = MongooseError;
+
+/**
+ * The default built-in validator error messages.
+ *
+ * @see Error.messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static messages
+ */
+
+MongooseError.messages = require('./messages');
+
+// backward compat
+MongooseError.Messages = MongooseError.messages;
+
+/**
+ * An instance of this error class will be returned when `save()` fails
+ * because the underlying
+ * document was not found. The constructor takes one parameter, the
+ * conditions that mongoose passed to `update()` when trying to update
+ * the document.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static DocumentNotFoundError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.DocumentNotFoundError = require('./notFound');
+
+/**
+ * An instance of this error class will be returned when mongoose failed to
+ * cast a value.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static CastError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.CastError = require('./cast');
+
+/**
+ * An instance of this error class will be returned when [validation](/docs/validation.html) failed.
+ * The `errors` property contains an object whose keys are the paths that failed and whose values are
+ * instances of CastError or ValidationError.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static ValidationError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.ValidationError = require('./validation');
+
+/**
+ * A `ValidationError` has a hash of `errors` that contain individual
+ * `ValidatorError` instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = Schema({ name: { type: String, required: true } });
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *     const doc = new Model({});
+ *
+ *     // Top-level error is a ValidationError, **not** a ValidatorError
+ *     const err = doc.validateSync();
+ *     err instanceof mongoose.Error.ValidationError; // true
+ *
+ *     // A ValidationError `err` has 0 or more ValidatorErrors keyed by the
+ *     // path in the `err.errors` property.
+ *     err.errors['name'] instanceof mongoose.Error.ValidatorError;
+ *
+ *     err.errors['name'].kind; // 'required'
+ *     err.errors['name'].path; // 'name'
+ *     err.errors['name'].value; // undefined
+ *
+ * Instances of `ValidatorError` have the following properties:
+ *
+ * - `kind`: The validator's `type`, like `'required'` or `'regexp'`
+ * - `path`: The path that failed validation
+ * - `value`: The value that failed validation
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static ValidatorError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.ValidatorError = require('./validator');
+
+/**
+ * An instance of this error class will be returned when you call `save()` after
+ * the document in the database was changed in a potentially unsafe way. See
+ * the [`versionKey` option](/docs/guide.html#versionKey) for more information.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static VersionError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.VersionError = require('./version');
+
+/**
+ * An instance of this error class will be returned when you call `save()` multiple
+ * times on the same document in parallel. See the [FAQ](/docs/faq.html) for more
+ * information.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static ParallelSaveError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.ParallelSaveError = require('./parallelSave');
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a model with the given name was already registered on the connection.
+ * See [the FAQ about `OverwriteModelError`](/docs/faq.html#overwrite-model-error).
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static OverwriteModelError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.OverwriteModelError = require('./overwriteModel');
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when you try to access a model that has not been registered yet
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static MissingSchemaError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.MissingSchemaError = require('./missingSchema');
+
+/**
+ * An instance of this error will be returned if you used an array projection
+ * and then modified the array in an unsafe way.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static DivergentArrayError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.DivergentArrayError = require('./divergentArray');
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when your try to pass values to model contrtuctor that
+ * were not specified in schema or change immutable properties when
+ * `strict` mode is `"throw"`
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Error
+ * @static StrictModeError
+ */
+
+MongooseError.StrictModeError = require('./strict');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/messages.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/messages.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac0294a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/messages.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+/**
+ * The default built-in validator error messages. These may be customized.
+ *
+ *     // customize within each schema or globally like so
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     mongoose.Error.messages.String.enum  = "Your custom message for {PATH}.";
+ *
+ * As you might have noticed, error messages support basic templating
+ *
+ * - `{PATH}` is replaced with the invalid document path
+ * - `{VALUE}` is replaced with the invalid value
+ * - `{TYPE}` is replaced with the validator type such as "regexp", "min", or "user defined"
+ * - `{MIN}` is replaced with the declared min value for the Number.min validator
+ * - `{MAX}` is replaced with the declared max value for the Number.max validator
+ *
+ * Click the "show code" link below to see all defaults.
+ *
+ * @static messages
+ * @receiver MongooseError
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const msg = module.exports = exports = {};
+
+msg.DocumentNotFoundError = null;
+
+msg.general = {};
+msg.general.default = 'Validator failed for path `{PATH}` with value `{VALUE}`';
+msg.general.required = 'Path `{PATH}` is required.';
+
+msg.Number = {};
+msg.Number.min = 'Path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) is less than minimum allowed value ({MIN}).';
+msg.Number.max = 'Path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) is more than maximum allowed value ({MAX}).';
+msg.Number.enum = '`{VALUE}` is not a valid enum value for path `{PATH}`.';
+
+msg.Date = {};
+msg.Date.min = 'Path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) is before minimum allowed value ({MIN}).';
+msg.Date.max = 'Path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) is after maximum allowed value ({MAX}).';
+
+msg.String = {};
+msg.String.enum = '`{VALUE}` is not a valid enum value for path `{PATH}`.';
+msg.String.match = 'Path `{PATH}` is invalid ({VALUE}).';
+msg.String.minlength = 'Path `{PATH}` (`{VALUE}`) is shorter than the minimum allowed length ({MINLENGTH}).';
+msg.String.maxlength = 'Path `{PATH}` (`{VALUE}`) is longer than the maximum allowed length ({MAXLENGTH}).';
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/missingSchema.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/missingSchema.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca306b7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/missingSchema.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+class MissingSchemaError extends MongooseError {
+  /*!
+   * MissingSchema Error constructor.
+   * @param {String} name
+   */
+  constructor(name) {
+    const msg = 'Schema hasn\'t been registered for model "' + name + '".\n'
+            + 'Use mongoose.model(name, schema)';
+    super(msg);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(MissingSchemaError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'MissingSchemaError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = MissingSchemaError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/mongooseError.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/mongooseError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5505105cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/mongooseError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+class MongooseError extends Error { }
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'MongooseError'
+});
+
+module.exports = MongooseError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/notFound.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/notFound.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e8386b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/notFound.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+const util = require('util');
+
+class DocumentNotFoundError extends MongooseError {
+  /*!
+   * OverwriteModel Error constructor.
+   */
+  constructor(filter, model, numAffected, result) {
+    let msg;
+    const messages = MongooseError.messages;
+    if (messages.DocumentNotFoundError != null) {
+      msg = typeof messages.DocumentNotFoundError === 'function' ?
+        messages.DocumentNotFoundError(filter, model) :
+        messages.DocumentNotFoundError;
+    } else {
+      msg = 'No document found for query "' + util.inspect(filter) +
+        '" on model "' + model + '"';
+    }
+
+    super(msg);
+
+    this.result = result;
+    this.numAffected = numAffected;
+    this.filter = filter;
+    // Backwards compat
+    this.query = filter;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(DocumentNotFoundError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'DocumentNotFoundError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = DocumentNotFoundError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/objectExpected.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/objectExpected.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b02bb4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/objectExpected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+
+class ObjectExpectedError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * Strict mode error constructor
+   *
+   * @param {string} type
+   * @param {string} value
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(path, val) {
+    const typeDescription = Array.isArray(val) ? 'array' : 'primitive value';
+    super('Tried to set nested object field `' + path +
+      `\` to ${typeDescription} \`` + val + '` and strict mode is set to throw.');
+    this.path = path;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(ObjectExpectedError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'ObjectExpectedError'
+});
+
+module.exports = ObjectExpectedError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/objectParameter.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/objectParameter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5881a481a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/objectParameter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+class ObjectParameterError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * Constructor for errors that happen when a parameter that's expected to be
+   * an object isn't an object
+   *
+   * @param {Any} value
+   * @param {String} paramName
+   * @param {String} fnName
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(value, paramName, fnName) {
+    super('Parameter "' + paramName + '" to ' + fnName +
+      '() must be an object, got ' + value.toString());
+  }
+}
+
+
+Object.defineProperty(ObjectParameterError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'ObjectParameterError'
+});
+
+module.exports = ObjectParameterError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/overwriteModel.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/overwriteModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d509e1955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/overwriteModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+
+class OverwriteModelError extends MongooseError {
+  /*!
+   * OverwriteModel Error constructor.
+   * @param {String} name
+   */
+  constructor(name) {
+    super('Cannot overwrite `' + name + '` model once compiled.');
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(OverwriteModelError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'OverwriteModelError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = OverwriteModelError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/parallelSave.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/parallelSave.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0628576d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/parallelSave.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+class ParallelSaveError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * ParallelSave Error constructor.
+   *
+   * @param {Document} doc
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(doc) {
+    const msg = 'Can\'t save() the same doc multiple times in parallel. Document: ';
+    super(msg + doc._id);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(ParallelSaveError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'ParallelSaveError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = ParallelSaveError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/parallelValidate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/parallelValidate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18697b6bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/parallelValidate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./mongooseError');
+
+
+class ParallelValidateError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * ParallelValidate Error constructor.
+   *
+   * @param {Document} doc
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(doc) {
+    const msg = 'Can\'t validate() the same doc multiple times in parallel. Document: ';
+    super(msg + doc._id);
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(ParallelValidateError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'ParallelValidateError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = ParallelValidateError;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/serverSelection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/serverSelection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..162e2fceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/serverSelection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./mongooseError');
+const allServersUnknown = require('../helpers/topology/allServersUnknown');
+const isAtlas = require('../helpers/topology/isAtlas');
+const isSSLError = require('../helpers/topology/isSSLError');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const atlasMessage = 'Could not connect to any servers in your MongoDB Atlas cluster. ' +
+  'One common reason is that you\'re trying to access the database from ' +
+  'an IP that isn\'t whitelisted. Make sure your current IP address is on your Atlas ' +
+  'cluster\'s IP whitelist: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/security-whitelist/';
+
+const sslMessage = 'Mongoose is connecting with SSL enabled, but the server is ' +
+  'not accepting SSL connections. Please ensure that the MongoDB server you are ' +
+  'connecting to is configured to accept SSL connections. Learn more: ' +
+  'https://mongoosejs.com/docs/tutorials/ssl.html';
+
+class MongooseServerSelectionError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * MongooseServerSelectionError constructor
+   *
+   * @api private
+   */
+  assimilateError(err) {
+    const reason = err.reason;
+    // Special message for a case that is likely due to IP whitelisting issues.
+    const isAtlasWhitelistError = isAtlas(reason) &&
+      allServersUnknown(reason) &&
+      err.message.indexOf('bad auth') === -1 &&
+      err.message.indexOf('Authentication failed') === -1;
+
+    if (isAtlasWhitelistError) {
+      this.message = atlasMessage;
+    } else if (isSSLError(reason)) {
+      this.message = sslMessage;
+    } else {
+      this.message = err.message;
+    }
+    for (const key in err) {
+      if (key !== 'name') {
+        this[key] = err[key];
+      }
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseServerSelectionError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'MongooseServerSelectionError'
+});
+
+module.exports = MongooseServerSelectionError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/strict.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/strict.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..393ca6e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/strict.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+
+class StrictModeError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * Strict mode error constructor
+   *
+   * @param {String} path
+   * @param {String} [msg]
+   * @param {Boolean} [immutable]
+   * @inherits MongooseError
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(path, msg, immutable) {
+    msg = msg || 'Field `' + path + '` is not in schema and strict ' +
+      'mode is set to throw.';
+    super(msg);
+    this.isImmutableError = !!immutable;
+    this.path = path;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(StrictModeError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'StrictModeError'
+});
+
+module.exports = StrictModeError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/validation.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/validation.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b4047620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/validation.js
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*!
+ * Module requirements
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./mongooseError');
+const util = require('util');
+
+class ValidationError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * Document Validation Error
+   *
+   * @api private
+   * @param {Document} [instance]
+   * @inherits MongooseError
+   */
+  constructor(instance) {
+    let _message;
+    if (instance && instance.constructor.name === 'model') {
+      _message = instance.constructor.modelName + ' validation failed';
+    } else {
+      _message = 'Validation failed';
+    }
+
+    super(_message);
+
+    this.errors = {};
+    this._message = _message;
+
+    if (instance) {
+      instance.errors = this.errors;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Console.log helper
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return this.name + ': ' + _generateMessage(this);
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * inspect helper
+   */
+  inspect() {
+    return Object.assign(new Error(this.message), this);
+  }
+
+  /*!
+  * add message
+  */
+  addError(path, error) {
+    this.errors[path] = error;
+    this.message = this._message + ': ' + _generateMessage(this);
+  }
+}
+
+
+if (util.inspect.custom) {
+  /*!
+  * Avoid Node deprecation warning DEP0079
+  */
+
+  ValidationError.prototype[util.inspect.custom] = ValidationError.prototype.inspect;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Helper for JSON.stringify
+ * Ensure `name` and `message` show up in toJSON output re: gh-9847
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(ValidationError.prototype, 'toJSON', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: false,
+  configurable: true,
+  value: function() {
+    return Object.assign({}, this, { name: this.name, message: this.message });
+  }
+});
+
+
+Object.defineProperty(ValidationError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'ValidationError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _generateMessage(err) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(err.errors || {});
+  const len = keys.length;
+  const msgs = [];
+  let key;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (err === err.errors[key]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    msgs.push(key + ': ' + err.errors[key].message);
+  }
+
+  return msgs.join(', ');
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = ValidationError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/validator.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/validator.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f880e2b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/validator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+
+class ValidatorError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * Schema validator error
+   *
+   * @param {Object} properties
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(properties) {
+    let msg = properties.message;
+    if (!msg) {
+      msg = MongooseError.messages.general.default;
+    }
+
+    const message = formatMessage(msg, properties);
+    super(message);
+
+    properties = Object.assign({}, properties, { message: message });
+    this.properties = properties;
+    this.kind = properties.type;
+    this.path = properties.path;
+    this.value = properties.value;
+    this.reason = properties.reason;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * toString helper
+   * TODO remove? This defaults to `${this.name}: ${this.message}`
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return this.message;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * Ensure `name` and `message` show up in toJSON output re: gh-9296
+   */
+
+  toJSON() {
+    return Object.assign({ name: this.name, message: this.message }, this);
+  }
+}
+
+
+Object.defineProperty(ValidatorError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'ValidatorError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * The object used to define this validator. Not enumerable to hide
+ * it from `require('util').inspect()` output re: gh-3925
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(ValidatorError.prototype, 'properties', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true,
+  value: null
+});
+
+// Exposed for testing
+ValidatorError.prototype.formatMessage = formatMessage;
+
+/*!
+ * Formats error messages
+ */
+
+function formatMessage(msg, properties) {
+  if (typeof msg === 'function') {
+    return msg(properties);
+  }
+
+  const propertyNames = Object.keys(properties);
+  for (const propertyName of propertyNames) {
+    if (propertyName === 'message') {
+      continue;
+    }
+    msg = msg.replace('{' + propertyName.toUpperCase() + '}', properties[propertyName]);
+  }
+
+  return msg;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = ValidatorError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/version.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/version.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b357fb16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/error/version.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./');
+
+class VersionError extends MongooseError {
+  /**
+   * Version Error constructor.
+   *
+   * @param {Document} doc
+   * @param {Number} currentVersion
+   * @param {Array<String>} modifiedPaths
+   * @api private
+   */
+  constructor(doc, currentVersion, modifiedPaths) {
+    const modifiedPathsStr = modifiedPaths.join(', ');
+    super('No matching document found for id "' + doc._id +
+      '" version ' + currentVersion + ' modifiedPaths "' + modifiedPathsStr + '"');
+    this.version = currentVersion;
+    this.modifiedPaths = modifiedPaths;
+  }
+}
+
+
+Object.defineProperty(VersionError.prototype, 'name', {
+  value: 'VersionError'
+});
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = VersionError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/aggregate/stringifyFunctionOperators.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/aggregate/stringifyFunctionOperators.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..124418efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/aggregate/stringifyFunctionOperators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function stringifyFunctionOperators(pipeline) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(pipeline)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const stage of pipeline) {
+    if (stage == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const canHaveAccumulator = stage.$group || stage.$bucket || stage.$bucketAuto;
+    if (canHaveAccumulator != null) {
+      for (const key of Object.keys(canHaveAccumulator)) {
+        handleAccumulator(canHaveAccumulator[key]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const stageType = Object.keys(stage)[0];
+    if (stageType && typeof stage[stageType] === 'object') {
+      const stageOptions = stage[stageType];
+      for (const key of Object.keys(stageOptions)) {
+        if (stageOptions[key] != null &&
+            stageOptions[key].$function != null &&
+            typeof stageOptions[key].$function.body === 'function') {
+          stageOptions[key].$function.body = stageOptions[key].$function.body.toString();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (stage.$facet != null) {
+      for (const key of Object.keys(stage.$facet)) {
+        stringifyFunctionOperators(stage.$facet[key]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+function handleAccumulator(operator) {
+  if (operator == null || operator.$accumulator == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const key of ['init', 'accumulate', 'merge', 'finalize']) {
+    if (typeof operator.$accumulator[key] === 'function') {
+      operator.$accumulator[key] = String(operator.$accumulator[key]);
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/arrayDepth.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/arrayDepth.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e55de7ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/arrayDepth.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = arrayDepth;
+
+function arrayDepth(arr) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(arr)) {
+    return { min: 0, max: 0, containsNonArrayItem: true };
+  }
+  if (arr.length === 0) {
+    return { min: 1, max: 1, containsNonArrayItem: false };
+  }
+  if (arr.length === 1 && !Array.isArray(arr[0])) {
+    return { min: 1, max: 1, containsNonArrayItem: false };
+  }
+
+  const res = arrayDepth(arr[0]);
+
+  for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i) {
+    const _res = arrayDepth(arr[i]);
+    if (_res.min < res.min) {
+      res.min = _res.min;
+    }
+    if (_res.max > res.max) {
+      res.max = _res.max;
+    }
+    res.containsNonArrayItem = res.containsNonArrayItem || _res.containsNonArrayItem;
+  }
+
+  res.min = res.min + 1;
+  res.max = res.max + 1;
+
+  return res;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/clone.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/clone.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1056b02e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/clone.js
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+'use strict';
+
+
+const cloneRegExp = require('regexp-clone');
+const Decimal = require('../types/decimal128');
+const ObjectId = require('../types/objectid');
+const specialProperties = require('./specialProperties');
+const isMongooseObject = require('./isMongooseObject');
+const getFunctionName = require('./getFunctionName');
+const isBsonType = require('./isBsonType');
+const isObject = require('./isObject');
+const symbols = require('./symbols');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+
+/*!
+ * Object clone with Mongoose natives support.
+ *
+ * If options.minimize is true, creates a minimal data object. Empty objects and undefined values will not be cloned. This makes the data payload sent to MongoDB as small as possible.
+ *
+ * Functions are never cloned.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj the object to clone
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Boolean} isArrayChild true if cloning immediately underneath an array. Special case for minimize.
+ * @return {Object} the cloned object
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function clone(obj, options, isArrayChild) {
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+    return cloneArray(obj, options);
+  }
+
+  if (isMongooseObject(obj)) {
+    // Single nested subdocs should apply getters later in `applyGetters()`
+    // when calling `toObject()`. See gh-7442, gh-8295
+    if (options && options._skipSingleNestedGetters && obj.$isSingleNested) {
+      options = Object.assign({}, options, { getters: false });
+    }
+
+    if (utils.isPOJO(obj) && obj.$__ != null && obj._doc != null) {
+      return obj._doc;
+    }
+
+    if (options && options.json && typeof obj.toJSON === 'function') {
+      return obj.toJSON(options);
+    }
+    return obj.toObject(options);
+  }
+
+  if (obj.constructor) {
+    switch (getFunctionName(obj.constructor)) {
+      case 'Object':
+        return cloneObject(obj, options, isArrayChild);
+      case 'Date':
+        return new obj.constructor(+obj);
+      case 'RegExp':
+        return cloneRegExp(obj);
+      default:
+        // ignore
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (obj instanceof ObjectId) {
+    return new ObjectId(obj.id);
+  }
+
+  if (isBsonType(obj, 'Decimal128')) {
+    if (options && options.flattenDecimals) {
+      return obj.toJSON();
+    }
+    return Decimal.fromString(obj.toString());
+  }
+
+  if (!obj.constructor && isObject(obj)) {
+    // object created with Object.create(null)
+    return cloneObject(obj, options, isArrayChild);
+  }
+
+  if (obj[symbols.schemaTypeSymbol]) {
+    return obj.clone();
+  }
+
+  // If we're cloning this object to go into a MongoDB command,
+  // and there's a `toBSON()` function, assume this object will be
+  // stored as a primitive in MongoDB and doesn't need to be cloned.
+  if (options && options.bson && typeof obj.toBSON === 'function') {
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  if (obj.valueOf != null) {
+    return obj.valueOf();
+  }
+
+  return cloneObject(obj, options, isArrayChild);
+}
+module.exports = clone;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function cloneObject(obj, options, isArrayChild) {
+  const minimize = options && options.minimize;
+  const ret = {};
+  let hasKeys;
+
+  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) {
+    if (specialProperties.has(k)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Don't pass `isArrayChild` down
+    const val = clone(obj[k], options);
+
+    if (!minimize || (typeof val !== 'undefined')) {
+      if (minimize === false && typeof val === 'undefined') {
+        delete ret[k];
+      } else {
+        hasKeys || (hasKeys = true);
+        ret[k] = val;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return minimize && !isArrayChild ? hasKeys && ret : ret;
+}
+
+function cloneArray(arr, options) {
+  const ret = [];
+
+  for (const item of arr) {
+    ret.push(clone(item, options, true));
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/common.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/common.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed7dc42c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/common.js
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const Binary = require('../driver').get().Binary;
+const Decimal128 = require('../types/decimal128');
+const ObjectId = require('../types/objectid');
+const isMongooseObject = require('./isMongooseObject');
+
+exports.flatten = flatten;
+exports.modifiedPaths = modifiedPaths;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function flatten(update, path, options, schema) {
+  let keys;
+  if (update && isMongooseObject(update) && !Buffer.isBuffer(update)) {
+    keys = Object.keys(update.toObject({ transform: false, virtuals: false }));
+  } else {
+    keys = Object.keys(update || {});
+  }
+
+  const numKeys = keys.length;
+  const result = {};
+  path = path ? path + '.' : '';
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+    const key = keys[i];
+    const val = update[key];
+    result[path + key] = val;
+
+    // Avoid going into mixed paths if schema is specified
+    const keySchema = schema && schema.path && schema.path(path + key);
+    const isNested = schema && schema.nested && schema.nested[path + key];
+    if (keySchema && keySchema.instance === 'Mixed') continue;
+
+    if (shouldFlatten(val)) {
+      if (options && options.skipArrays && Array.isArray(val)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const flat = flatten(val, path + key, options, schema);
+      for (const k in flat) {
+        result[k] = flat[k];
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+        result[path + key] = val;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (isNested) {
+      const paths = Object.keys(schema.paths);
+      for (const p of paths) {
+        if (p.startsWith(path + key + '.') && !result.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
+          result[p] = void 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function modifiedPaths(update, path, result) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(update || {});
+  const numKeys = keys.length;
+  result = result || {};
+  path = path ? path + '.' : '';
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+    const key = keys[i];
+    let val = update[key];
+
+    result[path + key] = true;
+    if (isMongooseObject(val) && !Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
+      val = val.toObject({ transform: false, virtuals: false });
+    }
+    if (shouldFlatten(val)) {
+      modifiedPaths(val, path + key, result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function shouldFlatten(val) {
+  return val &&
+    typeof val === 'object' &&
+    !(val instanceof Date) &&
+    !(val instanceof ObjectId) &&
+    (!Array.isArray(val) || val.length > 0) &&
+    !(val instanceof Buffer) &&
+    !(val instanceof Decimal128) &&
+    !(val instanceof Binary);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/cursor/eachAsync.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/cursor/eachAsync.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ef0346e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/cursor/eachAsync.js
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const immediate = require('../immediate');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../promiseOrCallback');
+
+/**
+ * Execute `fn` for every document in the cursor. If `fn` returns a promise,
+ * will wait for the promise to resolve before iterating on to the next one.
+ * Returns a promise that resolves when done.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} next the thunk to call to get the next document
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Function} [callback] executed when all docs have been processed
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ * @method eachAsync
+ */
+
+module.exports = function eachAsync(next, fn, options, callback) {
+  const parallel = options.parallel || 1;
+  const batchSize = options.batchSize;
+  const enqueue = asyncQueue();
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    if (batchSize != null) {
+      if (typeof batchSize !== 'number') {
+        throw new TypeError('batchSize must be a number');
+      }
+      if (batchSize < 1) {
+        throw new TypeError('batchSize must be at least 1');
+      }
+      if (batchSize !== Math.floor(batchSize)) {
+        throw new TypeError('batchSize must be a positive integer');
+      }
+    }
+
+    iterate(cb);
+  });
+
+  function iterate(finalCallback) {
+    let drained = false;
+    let handleResultsInProgress = 0;
+    let currentDocumentIndex = 0;
+    let documentsBatch = [];
+
+    let error = null;
+    for (let i = 0; i < parallel; ++i) {
+      enqueue(fetch);
+    }
+
+    function fetch(done) {
+      if (drained || error) {
+        return done();
+      }
+
+      next(function(err, doc) {
+        if (drained || error != null) {
+          return done();
+        }
+        if (err != null) {
+          error = err;
+          finalCallback(err);
+          return done();
+        }
+        if (doc == null) {
+          drained = true;
+          if (handleResultsInProgress <= 0) {
+            finalCallback(null);
+          } else if (batchSize != null && documentsBatch.length) {
+            handleNextResult(documentsBatch, currentDocumentIndex++, handleNextResultCallBack);
+          }
+          return done();
+        }
+
+        ++handleResultsInProgress;
+
+        // Kick off the subsequent `next()` before handling the result, but
+        // make sure we know that we still have a result to handle re: #8422
+        immediate(() => done());
+
+        if (batchSize != null) {
+          documentsBatch.push(doc);
+        }
+
+        // If the current documents size is less than the provided patch size don't process the documents yet
+        if (batchSize != null && documentsBatch.length !== batchSize) {
+          setTimeout(() => enqueue(fetch), 0);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const docsToProcess = batchSize != null ? documentsBatch : doc;
+
+        function handleNextResultCallBack(err) {
+          if (batchSize != null) {
+            handleResultsInProgress -= documentsBatch.length;
+            documentsBatch = [];
+          } else {
+            --handleResultsInProgress;
+          }
+          if (err != null) {
+            error = err;
+            return finalCallback(err);
+          }
+          if (drained && handleResultsInProgress <= 0) {
+            return finalCallback(null);
+          }
+
+          setTimeout(() => enqueue(fetch), 0);
+        }
+
+        handleNextResult(docsToProcess, currentDocumentIndex++, handleNextResultCallBack);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  function handleNextResult(doc, i, callback) {
+    const promise = fn(doc, i);
+    if (promise && typeof promise.then === 'function') {
+      promise.then(
+        function() { callback(null); },
+        function(error) { callback(error || new Error('`eachAsync()` promise rejected without error')); });
+    } else {
+      callback(null);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// `next()` can only execute one at a time, so make sure we always execute
+// `next()` in series, while still allowing multiple `fn()` instances to run
+// in parallel.
+function asyncQueue() {
+  const _queue = [];
+  let inProgress = null;
+  let id = 0;
+
+  return function enqueue(fn) {
+    if (_queue.length === 0 && inProgress == null) {
+      inProgress = id++;
+      return fn(_step);
+    }
+    _queue.push(fn);
+  };
+
+  function _step() {
+    inProgress = null;
+    if (_queue.length > 0) {
+      inProgress = id++;
+      const fn = _queue.shift();
+      fn(_step);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/areDiscriminatorValuesEqual.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/areDiscriminatorValuesEqual.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87b2408e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/areDiscriminatorValuesEqual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const ObjectId = require('../../types/objectid');
+
+module.exports = function areDiscriminatorValuesEqual(a, b) {
+  if (typeof a === 'string' && typeof b === 'string') {
+    return a === b;
+  }
+  if (typeof a === 'number' && typeof b === 'number') {
+    return a === b;
+  }
+  if (a instanceof ObjectId && b instanceof ObjectId) {
+    return a.toString() === b.toString();
+  }
+  return false;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..755de88f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection(userProjection, path, schema, selected, addedPaths) {
+  const userProjectedInPath = Object.keys(userProjection).
+    reduce((cur, key) => cur || key.startsWith(path + '.'), false);
+  const _discriminatorKey = path + '.' + schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+  if (!userProjectedInPath &&
+      addedPaths.length === 1 &&
+      addedPaths[0] === _discriminatorKey) {
+    selected.splice(selected.indexOf(_discriminatorKey), 1);
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getConstructor.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getConstructor.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..728da3b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getConstructor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('./getDiscriminatorByValue');
+
+/*!
+ * Find the correct constructor, taking into account discriminators
+ */
+
+module.exports = function getConstructor(Constructor, value) {
+  const discriminatorKey = Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+  if (value != null &&
+      Constructor.discriminators &&
+      value[discriminatorKey] != null) {
+    if (Constructor.discriminators[value[discriminatorKey]]) {
+      Constructor = Constructor.discriminators[value[discriminatorKey]];
+    } else {
+      const constructorByValue = getDiscriminatorByValue(Constructor.discriminators, value[discriminatorKey]);
+      if (constructorByValue) {
+        Constructor = constructorByValue;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Constructor;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..099aaefdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const areDiscriminatorValuesEqual = require('./areDiscriminatorValuesEqual');
+
+/*!
+* returns discriminator by discriminatorMapping.value
+*
+* @param {Model} model
+* @param {string} value
+*/
+
+module.exports = function getDiscriminatorByValue(discriminators, value) {
+  if (discriminators == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  for (const name of Object.keys(discriminators)) {
+    const it = discriminators[name];
+    if (
+      it.schema &&
+      it.schema.discriminatorMapping &&
+      areDiscriminatorValuesEqual(it.schema.discriminatorMapping.value, value)
+    ) {
+      return it;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b29fb6521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/discriminator/getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const areDiscriminatorValuesEqual = require('./areDiscriminatorValuesEqual');
+
+/*!
+* returns discriminator by discriminatorMapping.value
+*
+* @param {Schema} schema
+* @param {string} value
+*/
+
+module.exports = function getSchemaDiscriminatorByValue(schema, value) {
+  if (schema == null || schema.discriminators == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema.discriminators)) {
+    const discriminatorSchema = schema.discriminators[key];
+    if (discriminatorSchema.discriminatorMapping == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (areDiscriminatorValuesEqual(discriminatorSchema.discriminatorMapping.value, value)) {
+      return discriminatorSchema;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/cleanModifiedSubpaths.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/cleanModifiedSubpaths.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98de47536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/cleanModifiedSubpaths.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function cleanModifiedSubpaths(doc, path, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const skipDocArrays = options.skipDocArrays;
+
+  let deleted = 0;
+  if (!doc) {
+    return deleted;
+  }
+  for (const modifiedPath of Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.states.modify)) {
+    if (skipDocArrays) {
+      const schemaType = doc.$__schema.path(modifiedPath);
+      if (schemaType && schemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    if (modifiedPath.startsWith(path + '.')) {
+      delete doc.$__.activePaths.states.modify[modifiedPath];
+      ++deleted;
+    }
+  }
+  return deleted;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/compile.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/compile.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47e15f4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/compile.js
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const documentSchemaSymbol = require('../../helpers/symbols').documentSchemaSymbol;
+const get = require('../../helpers/get');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('../../options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+let Document;
+const getSymbol = require('../../helpers/symbols').getSymbol;
+const scopeSymbol = require('../../helpers/symbols').scopeSymbol;
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+exports.compile = compile;
+exports.defineKey = defineKey;
+
+/*!
+ * Compiles schemas.
+ */
+
+function compile(tree, proto, prefix, options) {
+  Document = Document || require('../../document');
+  const keys = Object.keys(tree);
+  const len = keys.length;
+  let limb;
+  let key;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    limb = tree[key];
+
+    const hasSubprops = utils.isPOJO(limb) && Object.keys(limb).length &&
+      (!limb[options.typeKey] || (options.typeKey === 'type' && limb.type.type));
+    const subprops = hasSubprops ? limb : null;
+
+    defineKey(key, subprops, proto, prefix, keys, options);
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Defines the accessor named prop on the incoming prototype.
+ */
+
+function defineKey(prop, subprops, prototype, prefix, keys, options) {
+  Document = Document || require('../../document');
+  const path = (prefix ? prefix + '.' : '') + prop;
+  prefix = prefix || '';
+
+  if (subprops) {
+    Object.defineProperty(prototype, prop, {
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      get: function() {
+        const _this = this;
+        if (!this.$__.getters) {
+          this.$__.getters = {};
+        }
+
+        if (!this.$__.getters[path]) {
+          const nested = Object.create(Document.prototype, getOwnPropertyDescriptors(this));
+
+          // save scope for nested getters/setters
+          if (!prefix) {
+            nested.$__[scopeSymbol] = this;
+          }
+          nested.$__.nestedPath = path;
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, 'schema', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: prototype.schema
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, '$__schema', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: prototype.schema
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, documentSchemaSymbol, {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: prototype.schema
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, 'toObject', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: function() {
+              return utils.clone(_this.get(path, null, {
+                virtuals: get(this, 'schema.options.toObject.virtuals', null)
+              }));
+            }
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, '$__get', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: function() {
+              return _this.get(path, null, {
+                virtuals: get(this, 'schema.options.toObject.virtuals', null)
+              });
+            }
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, 'toJSON', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: function() {
+              return _this.get(path, null, {
+                virtuals: get(_this, 'schema.options.toJSON.virtuals', null)
+              });
+            }
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, '$__isNested', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: true
+          });
+
+          const _isEmptyOptions = Object.freeze({
+            minimize: true,
+            virtuals: false,
+            getters: false,
+            transform: false
+          });
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, '$isEmpty', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: function() {
+              return Object.keys(this.get(path, null, _isEmptyOptions) || {}).length === 0;
+            }
+          });
+
+          Object.defineProperty(nested, '$__parent', {
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true,
+            writable: false,
+            value: this
+          });
+
+          compile(subprops, nested, path, options);
+          this.$__.getters[path] = nested;
+        }
+
+        return this.$__.getters[path];
+      },
+      set: function(v) {
+        if (v != null && v.$__isNested) {
+          // Convert top-level to POJO, but leave subdocs hydrated so `$set`
+          // can handle them. See gh-9293.
+          v = v.$__get();
+        } else if (v instanceof Document && !v.$__isNested) {
+          v = v.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+        }
+        const doc = this.$__[scopeSymbol] || this;
+        doc.$set(path, v);
+      }
+    });
+  } else {
+    Object.defineProperty(prototype, prop, {
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: true,
+      get: function() {
+        return this[getSymbol].call(this.$__[scopeSymbol] || this, path);
+      },
+      set: function(v) {
+        this.$set.call(this.$__[scopeSymbol] || this, path, v);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+// gets descriptors for all properties of `object`
+// makes all properties non-enumerable to match previous behavior to #2211
+function getOwnPropertyDescriptors(object) {
+  const result = {};
+
+  Object.getOwnPropertyNames(object).forEach(function(key) {
+    result[key] = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, key);
+    // Assume these are schema paths, ignore them re: #5470
+    if (result[key].get) {
+      delete result[key];
+      return;
+    }
+    result[key].enumerable = [
+      'isNew',
+      '$__',
+      'errors',
+      '_doc',
+      '$locals',
+      '$op',
+      '__parentArray',
+      '__index',
+      '$isDocumentArrayElement'
+    ].indexOf(key) === -1;
+  });
+
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2784e3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+
+/*!
+ * Like `schema.path()`, except with a document, because impossible to
+ * determine path type without knowing the embedded discriminator key.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(doc, path, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  const typeOnly = options.typeOnly;
+  const parts = path.split('.');
+  let schema = null;
+  let type = 'adhocOrUndefined';
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    const subpath = parts.slice(0, i + 1).join('.');
+    schema = doc.schema.path(subpath);
+    if (schema == null) {
+      type = 'adhocOrUndefined';
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (schema.instance === 'Mixed') {
+      return typeOnly ? 'real' : schema;
+    }
+    type = doc.schema.pathType(subpath);
+    if ((schema.$isSingleNested || schema.$isMongooseDocumentArrayElement) &&
+        schema.schema.discriminators != null) {
+      const discriminators = schema.schema.discriminators;
+      const discriminatorKey = doc.get(subpath + '.' +
+        get(schema, 'schema.options.discriminatorKey'));
+      if (discriminatorKey == null || discriminators[discriminatorKey] == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const rest = parts.slice(i + 1).join('.');
+      return getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(doc.get(subpath), rest, options);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Are we getting the whole schema or just the type, 'real', 'nested', etc.
+  return typeOnly ? type : schema;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/handleSpreadDoc.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/handleSpreadDoc.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3075e413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/document/handleSpreadDoc.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Using spread operator on a Mongoose document gives you a
+ * POJO that has a tendency to cause infinite recursion. So
+ * we use this function on `set()` to prevent that.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function handleSpreadDoc(v) {
+  if (utils.isPOJO(v) && v.$__ != null && v._doc != null) {
+    return v._doc;
+  }
+
+  return v;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/each.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/each.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe7006931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/each.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function each(arr, cb, done) {
+  if (arr.length === 0) {
+    return done();
+  }
+
+  let remaining = arr.length;
+  let err = null;
+  for (const v of arr) {
+    cb(v, function(_err) {
+      if (err != null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (_err != null) {
+        err = _err;
+        return done(err);
+      }
+
+      if (--remaining <= 0) {
+        return done();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/get.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/get.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbab30601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/get.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Simplified lodash.get to work around the annoying null quirk. See:
+ * https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues/3659
+ */
+
+module.exports = function get(obj, path, def) {
+  let parts;
+  let isPathArray = false;
+  if (typeof path === 'string') {
+    if (path.indexOf('.') === -1) {
+      const _v = getProperty(obj, path);
+      if (_v == null) {
+        return def;
+      }
+      return _v;
+    }
+
+    parts = path.split('.');
+  } else {
+    isPathArray = true;
+    parts = path;
+
+    if (parts.length === 1) {
+      const _v = getProperty(obj, parts[0]);
+      if (_v == null) {
+        return def;
+      }
+      return _v;
+    }
+  }
+  let rest = path;
+  let cur = obj;
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    if (cur == null) {
+      return def;
+    }
+
+    // `lib/cast.js` depends on being able to get dotted paths in updates,
+    // like `{ $set: { 'a.b': 42 } }`
+    if (!isPathArray && cur[rest] != null) {
+      return cur[rest];
+    }
+
+    cur = getProperty(cur, part);
+
+    if (!isPathArray) {
+      rest = rest.substr(part.length + 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return cur == null ? def : cur;
+};
+
+function getProperty(obj, prop) {
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return obj;
+  }
+  if (obj instanceof Map) {
+    return obj.get(prop);
+  }
+  return obj[prop];
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/getDefaultBulkwriteResult.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/getDefaultBulkwriteResult.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d10f1748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/getDefaultBulkwriteResult.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use strict';
+function getDefaultBulkwriteResult() {
+  return {
+    result: {
+      ok: 1,
+      writeErrors: [],
+      writeConcernErrors: [],
+      insertedIds: [],
+      nInserted: 0,
+      nUpserted: 0,
+      nMatched: 0,
+      nModified: 0,
+      nRemoved: 0,
+      upserted: []
+    },
+    insertedCount: 0,
+    matchedCount: 0,
+    modifiedCount: 0,
+    deletedCount: 0,
+    upsertedCount: 0,
+    upsertedIds: {},
+    insertedIds: {},
+    n: 0
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = getDefaultBulkwriteResult;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/getFunctionName.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/getFunctionName.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87a2c690a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/getFunctionName.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function(fn) {
+  if (fn.name) {
+    return fn.name;
+  }
+  return (fn.toString().trim().match(/^function\s*([^\s(]+)/) || [])[1];
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/immediate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/immediate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a1c26c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/immediate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/*!
+ * Centralize this so we can more easily work around issues with people
+ * stubbing out `process.nextTick()` in tests using sinon:
+ * https://github.com/sinonjs/lolex#automatically-incrementing-mocked-time
+ * See gh-6074
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const nextTick = process.nextTick.bind(process);
+
+module.exports = function immediate(cb) {
+  return nextTick(cb);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/indexes/isDefaultIdIndex.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/indexes/isDefaultIdIndex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c975dcfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/indexes/isDefaultIdIndex.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+
+module.exports = function isDefaultIdIndex(index) {
+  if (Array.isArray(index)) {
+    // Mongoose syntax
+    const keys = Object.keys(index[0]);
+    return keys.length === 1 && keys[0] === '_id' && index[0]._id !== 'hashed';
+  }
+
+  if (typeof index !== 'object') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const key = get(index, 'key', {});
+  return Object.keys(key).length === 1 && key.hasOwnProperty('_id');
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/indexes/isIndexEqual.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/indexes/isIndexEqual.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d59d73438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/indexes/isIndexEqual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Given a Mongoose index definition (key + options objects) and a MongoDB server
+ * index definition, determine if the two indexes are equal.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} key the Mongoose index spec
+ * @param {Object} options the Mongoose index definition's options
+ * @param {Object} dbIndex the index in MongoDB as returned by `listIndexes()`
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function isIndexEqual(key, options, dbIndex) {
+  // Special case: text indexes have a special format in the db. For example,
+  // `{ name: 'text' }` becomes:
+  // {
+  //   v: 2,
+  //   key: { _fts: 'text', _ftsx: 1 },
+  //   name: 'name_text',
+  //   ns: 'test.tests',
+  //   background: true,
+  //   weights: { name: 1 },
+  //   default_language: 'english',
+  //   language_override: 'language',
+  //   textIndexVersion: 3
+  // }
+  if (dbIndex.textIndexVersion != null) {
+    const weights = dbIndex.weights;
+    if (Object.keys(weights).length !== Object.keys(key).length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (const prop of Object.keys(weights)) {
+      if (!(prop in key)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      const weight = weights[prop];
+      if (weight !== get(options, 'weights.' + prop) && !(weight === 1 && get(options, 'weights.' + prop) == null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options['default_language'] !== dbIndex['default_language']) {
+      return dbIndex['default_language'] === 'english' && options['default_language'] == null;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const optionKeys = [
+    'unique',
+    'partialFilterExpression',
+    'sparse',
+    'expireAfterSeconds',
+    'collation'
+  ];
+  for (const key of optionKeys) {
+    if (!(key in options) && !(key in dbIndex)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key === 'collation') {
+      if (options[key] == null || dbIndex[key] == null) {
+        return options[key] == null && dbIndex[key] == null;
+      }
+      const definedKeys = Object.keys(options.collation);
+      const schemaCollation = options.collation;
+      const dbCollation = dbIndex.collation;
+      for (const opt of definedKeys) {
+        if (get(schemaCollation, opt) !== get(dbCollation, opt)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (!utils.deepEqual(options[key], dbIndex[key])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const schemaIndexKeys = Object.keys(key);
+  const dbIndexKeys = Object.keys(dbIndex.key);
+  if (schemaIndexKeys.length !== dbIndexKeys.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < schemaIndexKeys.length; ++i) {
+    if (schemaIndexKeys[i] !== dbIndexKeys[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!utils.deepEqual(key[schemaIndexKeys[i]], dbIndex.key[dbIndexKeys[i]])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isBsonType.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isBsonType.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01435d3f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isBsonType.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('./get');
+
+/*!
+ * Get the bson type, if it exists
+ */
+
+function isBsonType(obj, typename) {
+  return get(obj, '_bsontype', void 0) === typename;
+}
+
+module.exports = isBsonType;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isMongooseObject.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isMongooseObject.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..016f9e65a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isMongooseObject.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Returns if `v` is a mongoose object that has a `toObject()` method we can use.
+ *
+ * This is for compatibility with libs like Date.js which do foolish things to Natives.
+ *
+ * @param {any} v
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(v) {
+  if (v == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return v.$__ != null || // Document
+    v.isMongooseArray || // Array or Document Array
+    v.isMongooseBuffer || // Buffer
+    v.$isMongooseMap; // Map
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isObject.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isObject.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8ac31326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isObject.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if `arg` is an object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|String|Function|RegExp|any} arg
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(arg) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(arg)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arg) === '[object Object]';
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isPromise.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isPromise.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6db2608c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/isPromise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+'use strict';
+function isPromise(val) {
+  return !!val && (typeof val === 'object' || typeof val === 'function') && typeof val.then === 'function';
+}
+
+module.exports = isPromise;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyHooks.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyHooks.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0498c75e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyHooks.js
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const symbols = require('../../schema/symbols');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../promiseOrCallback');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = applyHooks;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+applyHooks.middlewareFunctions = [
+  'deleteOne',
+  'save',
+  'validate',
+  'remove',
+  'updateOne',
+  'init'
+];
+
+/*!
+ * Register hooks for this model
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ */
+
+function applyHooks(model, schema, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const kareemOptions = {
+    useErrorHandlers: true,
+    numCallbackParams: 1,
+    nullResultByDefault: true,
+    contextParameter: true
+  };
+  const objToDecorate = options.decorateDoc ? model : model.prototype;
+
+  model.$appliedHooks = true;
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema.paths)) {
+    const type = schema.paths[key];
+    let childModel = null;
+    if (type.$isSingleNested) {
+      childModel = type.caster;
+    } else if (type.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      childModel = type.Constructor;
+    } else {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (childModel.$appliedHooks) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    applyHooks(childModel, type.schema, options);
+    if (childModel.discriminators != null) {
+      const keys = Object.keys(childModel.discriminators);
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        applyHooks(childModel.discriminators[key],
+          childModel.discriminators[key].schema, options);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Built-in hooks rely on hooking internal functions in order to support
+  // promises and make it so that `doc.save.toString()` provides meaningful
+  // information.
+
+  const middleware = schema.s.hooks.
+    filter(hook => {
+      if (hook.name === 'updateOne' || hook.name === 'deleteOne') {
+        return !!hook['document'];
+      }
+      if (hook.name === 'remove' || hook.name === 'init') {
+        return hook['document'] == null || !!hook['document'];
+      }
+      if (hook.query != null || hook.document != null) {
+        return hook.document !== false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }).
+    filter(hook => {
+      // If user has overwritten the method, don't apply built-in middleware
+      if (schema.methods[hook.name]) {
+        return !hook.fn[symbols.builtInMiddleware];
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    });
+
+  model._middleware = middleware;
+
+  objToDecorate.$__originalValidate = objToDecorate.$__originalValidate || objToDecorate.$__validate;
+
+  for (const method of ['save', 'validate', 'remove', 'deleteOne']) {
+    const toWrap = method === 'validate' ? '$__originalValidate' : `$__${method}`;
+    const wrapped = middleware.
+      createWrapper(method, objToDecorate[toWrap], null, kareemOptions);
+    objToDecorate[`$__${method}`] = wrapped;
+  }
+  objToDecorate.$__init = middleware.
+    createWrapperSync('init', objToDecorate.$__init, null, kareemOptions);
+
+  // Support hooks for custom methods
+  const customMethods = Object.keys(schema.methods);
+  const customMethodOptions = Object.assign({}, kareemOptions, {
+    // Only use `checkForPromise` for custom methods, because mongoose
+    // query thunks are not as consistent as I would like about returning
+    // a nullish value rather than the query. If a query thunk returns
+    // a query, `checkForPromise` causes infinite recursion
+    checkForPromise: true
+  });
+  for (const method of customMethods) {
+    if (!middleware.hasHooks(method)) {
+      // Don't wrap if there are no hooks for the custom method to avoid
+      // surprises. Also, `createWrapper()` enforces consistent async,
+      // so wrapping a sync method would break it.
+      continue;
+    }
+    const originalMethod = objToDecorate[method];
+    objToDecorate[method] = function() {
+      const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+      const cb = args.slice(-1).pop();
+      const argsWithoutCallback = typeof cb === 'function' ?
+        args.slice(0, args.length - 1) : args;
+      return promiseOrCallback(cb, callback => {
+        return this[`$__${method}`].apply(this,
+          argsWithoutCallback.concat([callback]));
+      }, model.events);
+    };
+    objToDecorate[`$__${method}`] = middleware.
+      createWrapper(method, originalMethod, null, customMethodOptions);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyMethods.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyMethods.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..912f3aae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyMethods.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+
+/*!
+ * Register methods for this model
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ */
+
+module.exports = function applyMethods(model, schema) {
+  function apply(method, schema) {
+    Object.defineProperty(model.prototype, method, {
+      get: function() {
+        const h = {};
+        for (const k in schema.methods[method]) {
+          h[k] = schema.methods[method][k].bind(this);
+        }
+        return h;
+      },
+      configurable: true
+    });
+  }
+  for (const method of Object.keys(schema.methods)) {
+    const fn = schema.methods[method];
+    if (schema.tree.hasOwnProperty(method)) {
+      throw new Error('You have a method and a property in your schema both ' +
+        'named "' + method + '"');
+    }
+    if (schema.reserved[method] &&
+        !get(schema, `methodOptions.${method}.suppressWarning`, false)) {
+      console.warn(`mongoose: the method name "${method}" is used by mongoose ` +
+        'internally, overwriting it may cause bugs. If you\'re sure you know ' +
+        'what you\'re doing, you can suppress this error by using ' +
+        `\`schema.method('${method}', fn, { suppressWarning: true })\`.`);
+    }
+    if (typeof fn === 'function') {
+      model.prototype[method] = fn;
+    } else {
+      apply(method, schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Recursively call `applyMethods()` on child schemas
+  model.$appliedMethods = true;
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema.paths)) {
+    const type = schema.paths[key];
+    if (type.$isSingleNested && !type.caster.$appliedMethods) {
+      applyMethods(type.caster, type.schema);
+    }
+    if (type.$isMongooseDocumentArray && !type.Constructor.$appliedMethods) {
+      applyMethods(type.Constructor, type.schema);
+    }
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyStaticHooks.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyStaticHooks.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..219e28903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyStaticHooks.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const middlewareFunctions = require('../query/applyQueryMiddleware').middlewareFunctions;
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../promiseOrCallback');
+
+module.exports = function applyStaticHooks(model, hooks, statics) {
+  const kareemOptions = {
+    useErrorHandlers: true,
+    numCallbackParams: 1
+  };
+
+  hooks = hooks.filter(hook => {
+    // If the custom static overwrites an existing query middleware, don't apply
+    // middleware to it by default. This avoids a potential backwards breaking
+    // change with plugins like `mongoose-delete` that use statics to overwrite
+    // built-in Mongoose functions.
+    if (middlewareFunctions.indexOf(hook.name) !== -1) {
+      return !!hook.model;
+    }
+    return hook.model !== false;
+  });
+
+  model.$__insertMany = hooks.createWrapper('insertMany',
+    model.$__insertMany, model, kareemOptions);
+
+  for (const key of Object.keys(statics)) {
+    if (hooks.hasHooks(key)) {
+      const original = model[key];
+
+      model[key] = function() {
+        const numArgs = arguments.length;
+        const lastArg = numArgs > 0 ? arguments[numArgs - 1] : null;
+        const cb = typeof lastArg === 'function' ? lastArg : null;
+        const args = Array.prototype.slice.
+          call(arguments, 0, cb == null ? numArgs : numArgs - 1);
+        // Special case: can't use `Kareem#wrap()` because it doesn't currently
+        // support wrapped functions that return a promise.
+        return promiseOrCallback(cb, callback => {
+          hooks.execPre(key, model, args, function(err) {
+            if (err != null) {
+              return callback(err);
+            }
+
+            let postCalled = 0;
+            const ret = original.apply(model, args.concat(post));
+            if (ret != null && typeof ret.then === 'function') {
+              ret.then(res => post(null, res), err => post(err));
+            }
+
+            function post(error, res) {
+              if (postCalled++ > 0) {
+                return;
+              }
+
+              if (error != null) {
+                return callback(error);
+              }
+
+              hooks.execPost(key, model, [res], function(error) {
+                if (error != null) {
+                  return callback(error);
+                }
+                callback(null, res);
+              });
+            }
+          });
+        }, model.events);
+      };
+    }
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyStatics.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyStatics.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b9501e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/applyStatics.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Register statics for this model
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ */
+module.exports = function applyStatics(model, schema) {
+  for (const i in schema.statics) {
+    model[i] = schema.statics[i];
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/castBulkWrite.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/castBulkWrite.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54559b568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/castBulkWrite.js
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('../../helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const applyTimestampsToChildren = require('../update/applyTimestampsToChildren');
+const applyTimestampsToUpdate = require('../update/applyTimestampsToUpdate');
+const cast = require('../../cast');
+const castUpdate = require('../query/castUpdate');
+const setDefaultsOnInsert = require('../setDefaultsOnInsert');
+
+/*!
+ * Given a model and a bulkWrite op, return a thunk that handles casting and
+ * validating the individual op.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function castBulkWrite(originalModel, op, options) {
+  const now = originalModel.base.now();
+
+  if (op['insertOne']) {
+    return (callback) => {
+      const model = decideModelByObject(originalModel, op['insertOne']['document']);
+
+      const doc = new model(op['insertOne']['document']);
+      if (model.schema.options.timestamps) {
+        doc.initializeTimestamps();
+      }
+      if (options.session != null) {
+        doc.$session(options.session);
+      }
+      op['insertOne']['document'] = doc;
+      op['insertOne']['document'].validate({ __noPromise: true }, function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return callback(error, null);
+        }
+        callback(null);
+      });
+    };
+  } else if (op['updateOne']) {
+    return (callback) => {
+      try {
+        if (!op['updateOne']['filter']) {
+          throw new Error('Must provide a filter object.');
+        }
+        if (!op['updateOne']['update']) {
+          throw new Error('Must provide an update object.');
+        }
+
+        const model = decideModelByObject(originalModel, op['updateOne']['filter']);
+        const schema = model.schema;
+        const strict = options.strict != null ? options.strict : model.schema.options.strict;
+
+        _addDiscriminatorToObject(schema, op['updateOne']['filter']);
+
+        if (model.schema.$timestamps != null && op['updateOne'].timestamps !== false) {
+          const createdAt = model.schema.$timestamps.createdAt;
+          const updatedAt = model.schema.$timestamps.updatedAt;
+          applyTimestampsToUpdate(now, createdAt, updatedAt, op['updateOne']['update'], {});
+        }
+
+        applyTimestampsToChildren(now, op['updateOne']['update'], model.schema);
+
+        if (op['updateOne'].setDefaultsOnInsert) {
+          setDefaultsOnInsert(op['updateOne']['filter'], model.schema, op['updateOne']['update'], {
+            setDefaultsOnInsert: true,
+            upsert: op['updateOne'].upsert
+          });
+        }
+
+        op['updateOne']['filter'] = cast(model.schema, op['updateOne']['filter'], {
+          strict: strict,
+          upsert: op['updateOne'].upsert
+        });
+
+        op['updateOne']['update'] = castUpdate(model.schema, op['updateOne']['update'], {
+          strict: strict,
+          overwrite: false,
+          upsert: op['updateOne'].upsert
+        }, model, op['updateOne']['filter']);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return callback(error, null);
+      }
+
+      callback(null);
+    };
+  } else if (op['updateMany']) {
+    return (callback) => {
+      try {
+        if (!op['updateMany']['filter']) {
+          throw new Error('Must provide a filter object.');
+        }
+        if (!op['updateMany']['update']) {
+          throw new Error('Must provide an update object.');
+        }
+
+        const model = decideModelByObject(originalModel, op['updateMany']['filter']);
+        const schema = model.schema;
+        const strict = options.strict != null ? options.strict : model.schema.options.strict;
+
+        if (op['updateMany'].setDefaultsOnInsert) {
+          setDefaultsOnInsert(op['updateMany']['filter'], model.schema, op['updateMany']['update'], {
+            setDefaultsOnInsert: true,
+            upsert: op['updateMany'].upsert
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (model.schema.$timestamps != null && op['updateMany'].timestamps !== false) {
+          const createdAt = model.schema.$timestamps.createdAt;
+          const updatedAt = model.schema.$timestamps.updatedAt;
+          applyTimestampsToUpdate(now, createdAt, updatedAt, op['updateMany']['update'], {});
+        }
+
+        applyTimestampsToChildren(now, op['updateMany']['update'], model.schema);
+
+        _addDiscriminatorToObject(schema, op['updateMany']['filter']);
+
+        op['updateMany']['filter'] = cast(model.schema, op['updateMany']['filter'], {
+          strict: strict,
+          upsert: op['updateMany'].upsert
+        });
+
+        op['updateMany']['update'] = castUpdate(model.schema, op['updateMany']['update'], {
+          strict: strict,
+          overwrite: false,
+          upsert: op['updateMany'].upsert
+        }, model, op['updateMany']['filter']);
+
+      } catch (error) {
+        return callback(error, null);
+      }
+
+      callback(null);
+    };
+  } else if (op['replaceOne']) {
+    return (callback) => {
+      const model = decideModelByObject(originalModel, op['replaceOne']['filter']);
+      const schema = model.schema;
+      const strict = options.strict != null ? options.strict : model.schema.options.strict;
+
+      _addDiscriminatorToObject(schema, op['replaceOne']['filter']);
+      try {
+        op['replaceOne']['filter'] = cast(model.schema, op['replaceOne']['filter'], {
+          strict: strict,
+          upsert: op['replaceOne'].upsert
+        });
+      } catch (error) {
+        return callback(error, null);
+      }
+
+      // set `skipId`, otherwise we get "_id field cannot be changed"
+      const doc = new model(op['replaceOne']['replacement'], strict, true);
+      if (model.schema.options.timestamps) {
+        doc.initializeTimestamps();
+      }
+      if (options.session != null) {
+        doc.$session(options.session);
+      }
+      op['replaceOne']['replacement'] = doc;
+
+      op['replaceOne']['replacement'].validate({ __noPromise: true }, function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return callback(error, null);
+        }
+        op['replaceOne']['replacement'] = op['replaceOne']['replacement'].toBSON();
+        callback(null);
+      });
+    };
+  } else if (op['deleteOne']) {
+    return (callback) => {
+      const model = decideModelByObject(originalModel, op['deleteOne']['filter']);
+      const schema = model.schema;
+
+      _addDiscriminatorToObject(schema, op['deleteOne']['filter']);
+
+      try {
+        op['deleteOne']['filter'] = cast(model.schema,
+          op['deleteOne']['filter']);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return callback(error, null);
+      }
+
+      callback(null);
+    };
+  } else if (op['deleteMany']) {
+    return (callback) => {
+      const model = decideModelByObject(originalModel, op['deleteMany']['filter']);
+      const schema = model.schema;
+
+      _addDiscriminatorToObject(schema, op['deleteMany']['filter']);
+
+      try {
+        op['deleteMany']['filter'] = cast(model.schema,
+          op['deleteMany']['filter']);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return callback(error, null);
+      }
+
+      callback(null);
+    };
+  } else {
+    return (callback) => {
+      callback(new Error('Invalid op passed to `bulkWrite()`'), null);
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+function _addDiscriminatorToObject(schema, obj) {
+  if (schema == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (schema.discriminatorMapping && !schema.discriminatorMapping.isRoot) {
+    obj[schema.discriminatorMapping.key] = schema.discriminatorMapping.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * gets discriminator model if discriminator key is present in object
+ */
+
+function decideModelByObject(model, object) {
+  const discriminatorKey = model.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+  if (object != null && object.hasOwnProperty(discriminatorKey)) {
+    model = getDiscriminatorByValue(model.discriminators, object[discriminatorKey]) || model;
+  }
+  return model;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/discriminator.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/discriminator.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..455d17de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/model/discriminator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Mixed = require('../../schema/mixed');
+const ObjectId = require('../../types/objectid');
+const defineKey = require('../document/compile').defineKey;
+const get = require('../get');
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+const CUSTOMIZABLE_DISCRIMINATOR_OPTIONS = {
+  toJSON: true,
+  toObject: true,
+  _id: true,
+  id: true
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function discriminator(model, name, schema, tiedValue, applyPlugins) {
+  if (!(schema && schema.instanceOfSchema)) {
+    throw new Error('You must pass a valid discriminator Schema');
+  }
+
+  if (model.schema.discriminatorMapping &&
+      !model.schema.discriminatorMapping.isRoot) {
+    throw new Error('Discriminator "' + name +
+        '" can only be a discriminator of the root model');
+  }
+
+  if (applyPlugins) {
+    const applyPluginsToDiscriminators = get(model.base,
+      'options.applyPluginsToDiscriminators', false);
+    // Even if `applyPluginsToDiscriminators` isn't set, we should still apply
+    // global plugins to schemas embedded in the discriminator schema (gh-7370)
+    model.base._applyPlugins(schema, {
+      skipTopLevel: !applyPluginsToDiscriminators
+    });
+  }
+
+  const key = model.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+
+  const existingPath = model.schema.path(key);
+  if (existingPath != null) {
+    if (!utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(existingPath.options, 'select')) {
+      existingPath.options.select = true;
+    }
+    existingPath.options.$skipDiscriminatorCheck = true;
+  } else {
+    const baseSchemaAddition = {};
+    baseSchemaAddition[key] = {
+      default: void 0,
+      select: true,
+      $skipDiscriminatorCheck: true
+    };
+    baseSchemaAddition[key][model.schema.options.typeKey] = String;
+    model.schema.add(baseSchemaAddition);
+    defineKey(key, null, model.prototype, null, [key], model.schema.options);
+  }
+
+  if (schema.path(key) && schema.path(key).options.$skipDiscriminatorCheck !== true) {
+    throw new Error('Discriminator "' + name +
+        '" cannot have field with name "' + key + '"');
+  }
+
+  let value = name;
+  if ((typeof tiedValue === 'string' && tiedValue.length) ||
+      typeof tiedValue === 'number' ||
+      tiedValue instanceof ObjectId) {
+    value = tiedValue;
+  }
+
+  function merge(schema, baseSchema) {
+    // Retain original schema before merging base schema
+    schema._baseSchema = baseSchema;
+    if (baseSchema.paths._id &&
+        baseSchema.paths._id.options &&
+        !baseSchema.paths._id.options.auto) {
+      schema.remove('_id');
+    }
+
+    // Find conflicting paths: if something is a path in the base schema
+    // and a nested path in the child schema, overwrite the base schema path.
+    // See gh-6076
+    const baseSchemaPaths = Object.keys(baseSchema.paths);
+    const conflictingPaths = [];
+
+    for (const path of baseSchemaPaths) {
+      if (schema.nested[path]) {
+        conflictingPaths.push(path);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (path.indexOf('.') === -1) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const sp = path.split('.').slice(0, -1);
+      let cur = '';
+      for (const piece of sp) {
+        cur += (cur.length ? '.' : '') + piece;
+        if (schema.paths[cur] instanceof Mixed ||
+            schema.singleNestedPaths[cur] instanceof Mixed) {
+          conflictingPaths.push(path);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    utils.merge(schema, baseSchema, {
+      isDiscriminatorSchemaMerge: true,
+      omit: { discriminators: true, base: true },
+      omitNested: conflictingPaths.reduce((cur, path) => {
+        cur['tree.' + path] = true;
+        return cur;
+      }, {})
+    });
+
+    // Clean up conflicting paths _after_ merging re: gh-6076
+    for (const conflictingPath of conflictingPaths) {
+      delete schema.paths[conflictingPath];
+    }
+
+    // Rebuild schema models because schemas may have been merged re: #7884
+    schema.childSchemas.forEach(obj => {
+      obj.model.prototype.$__setSchema(obj.schema);
+    });
+
+    const obj = {};
+    obj[key] = {
+      default: value,
+      select: true,
+      set: function(newName) {
+        if (newName === value) {
+          return value;
+        }
+        throw new Error('Can\'t set discriminator key "' + key + '"');
+      },
+      $skipDiscriminatorCheck: true
+    };
+    obj[key][schema.options.typeKey] = existingPath ?
+      existingPath.instance :
+      String;
+    schema.add(obj);
+    schema.discriminatorMapping = { key: key, value: value, isRoot: false };
+
+    if (baseSchema.options.collection) {
+      schema.options.collection = baseSchema.options.collection;
+    }
+
+    const toJSON = schema.options.toJSON;
+    const toObject = schema.options.toObject;
+    const _id = schema.options._id;
+    const id = schema.options.id;
+
+    const keys = Object.keys(schema.options);
+    schema.options.discriminatorKey = baseSchema.options.discriminatorKey;
+
+    for (const _key of keys) {
+      if (!CUSTOMIZABLE_DISCRIMINATOR_OPTIONS[_key]) {
+        // Special case: compiling a model sets `pluralization = true` by default. Avoid throwing an error
+        // for that case. See gh-9238
+        if (_key === 'pluralization' && schema.options[_key] == true && baseSchema.options[_key] == null) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!utils.deepEqual(schema.options[_key], baseSchema.options[_key])) {
+          throw new Error('Can\'t customize discriminator option ' + _key +
+            ' (can only modify ' +
+            Object.keys(CUSTOMIZABLE_DISCRIMINATOR_OPTIONS).join(', ') +
+            ')');
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    schema.options = utils.clone(baseSchema.options);
+    if (toJSON) schema.options.toJSON = toJSON;
+    if (toObject) schema.options.toObject = toObject;
+    if (typeof _id !== 'undefined') {
+      schema.options._id = _id;
+    }
+    schema.options.id = id;
+    schema.s.hooks = model.schema.s.hooks.merge(schema.s.hooks);
+
+    schema.plugins = Array.prototype.slice.call(baseSchema.plugins);
+    schema.callQueue = baseSchema.callQueue.concat(schema.callQueue);
+    delete schema._requiredpaths; // reset just in case Schema#requiredPaths() was called on either schema
+  }
+
+  // merges base schema into new discriminator schema and sets new type field.
+  merge(schema, model.schema);
+
+  if (!model.discriminators) {
+    model.discriminators = {};
+  }
+
+  if (!model.schema.discriminatorMapping) {
+    model.schema.discriminatorMapping = { key: key, value: null, isRoot: true };
+  }
+  if (!model.schema.discriminators) {
+    model.schema.discriminators = {};
+  }
+
+  model.schema.discriminators[name] = schema;
+
+  if (model.discriminators[name]) {
+    throw new Error('Discriminator with name "' + name + '" already exists');
+  }
+
+  return schema;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/once.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/once.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02675799c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/once.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function once(fn) {
+  let called = false;
+  return function() {
+    if (called) {
+      return;
+    }
+    called = true;
+    return fn.apply(null, arguments);
+  };
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/parallelLimit.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/parallelLimit.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b07c028b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/parallelLimit.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = parallelLimit;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function parallelLimit(fns, limit, callback) {
+  let numInProgress = 0;
+  let numFinished = 0;
+  let error = null;
+
+  if (limit <= 0) {
+    throw new Error('Limit must be positive');
+  }
+
+  if (fns.length === 0) {
+    return callback(null, []);
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < fns.length && i < limit; ++i) {
+    _start();
+  }
+
+  function _start() {
+    fns[numFinished + numInProgress](_done(numFinished + numInProgress));
+    ++numInProgress;
+  }
+
+  const results = [];
+
+  function _done(index) {
+    return (err, res) => {
+      --numInProgress;
+      ++numFinished;
+
+      if (error != null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (err != null) {
+        error = err;
+        return callback(error);
+      }
+
+      results[index] = res;
+
+      if (numFinished === fns.length) {
+        return callback(null, results);
+      } else if (numFinished + numInProgress < fns.length) {
+        _start();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/path/parentPaths.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/path/parentPaths.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77d00ae89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/path/parentPaths.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function parentPaths(path) {
+  const pieces = path.split('.');
+  let cur = '';
+  const ret = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length; ++i) {
+    cur += (cur.length > 0 ? '.' : '') + pieces[i];
+    ret.push(cur);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/path/setDottedPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/path/setDottedPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe6b9b5af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/path/setDottedPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function setDottedPath(obj, path, val) {
+  const parts = path.split('.');
+  let cur = obj;
+  for (const part of parts.slice(0, -1)) {
+    if (cur[part] == null) {
+      cur[part] = {};
+    }
+
+    cur = cur[part];
+  }
+
+  const last = parts[parts.length - 1];
+  cur[last] = val;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/SkipPopulateValue.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/SkipPopulateValue.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d46cfdd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/SkipPopulateValue.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function SkipPopulateValue(val) {
+  if (!(this instanceof SkipPopulateValue)) {
+    return new SkipPopulateValue(val);
+  }
+
+  this.val = val;
+  return this;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/assignRawDocsToIdStructure.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/assignRawDocsToIdStructure.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..843c14837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/assignRawDocsToIdStructure.js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const leanPopulateMap = require('./leanPopulateMap');
+const modelSymbol = require('../symbols').modelSymbol;
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+module.exports = assignRawDocsToIdStructure;
+
+/*!
+ * Assign `vals` returned by mongo query to the `rawIds`
+ * structure returned from utils.getVals() honoring
+ * query sort order if specified by user.
+ *
+ * This can be optimized.
+ *
+ * Rules:
+ *
+ *   if the value of the path is not an array, use findOne rules, else find.
+ *   for findOne the results are assigned directly to doc path (including null results).
+ *   for find, if user specified sort order, results are assigned directly
+ *   else documents are put back in original order of array if found in results
+ *
+ * @param {Array} rawIds
+ * @param {Array} vals
+ * @param {Boolean} sort
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function assignRawDocsToIdStructure(rawIds, resultDocs, resultOrder, options, recursed) {
+  // honor user specified sort order
+  const newOrder = [];
+  const sorting = options.sort && rawIds.length > 1;
+  const nullIfNotFound = options.$nullIfNotFound;
+  let doc;
+  let sid;
+  let id;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < rawIds.length; ++i) {
+    id = rawIds[i];
+
+    if (Array.isArray(id)) {
+      // handle [ [id0, id2], [id3] ]
+      assignRawDocsToIdStructure(id, resultDocs, resultOrder, options, true);
+      newOrder.push(id);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (id === null && !sorting) {
+      // keep nulls for findOne unless sorting, which always
+      // removes them (backward compat)
+      newOrder.push(id);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    sid = String(id);
+
+    doc = resultDocs[sid];
+    // If user wants separate copies of same doc, use this option
+    if (options.clone && doc != null) {
+      if (options.lean) {
+        const _model = leanPopulateMap.get(doc);
+        doc = utils.clone(doc);
+        leanPopulateMap.set(doc, _model);
+      } else {
+        doc = doc.constructor.hydrate(doc._doc);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (recursed) {
+      if (doc) {
+        if (sorting) {
+          newOrder[resultOrder[sid]] = doc;
+        } else {
+          newOrder.push(doc);
+        }
+      } else if (id != null && id[modelSymbol] != null) {
+        newOrder.push(id);
+      } else {
+        newOrder.push(options.retainNullValues || nullIfNotFound ? null : id);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // apply findOne behavior - if document in results, assign, else assign null
+      newOrder[i] = doc || null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  rawIds.length = 0;
+  if (newOrder.length) {
+    // reassign the documents based on corrected order
+
+    // forEach skips over sparse entries in arrays so we
+    // can safely use this to our advantage dealing with sorted
+    // result sets too.
+    newOrder.forEach(function(doc, i) {
+      rawIds[i] = doc;
+    });
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/assignVals.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/assignVals.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33c618dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/assignVals.js
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SkipPopulateValue = require('./SkipPopulateValue');
+const assignRawDocsToIdStructure = require('./assignRawDocsToIdStructure');
+const get = require('../get');
+const getVirtual = require('./getVirtual');
+const leanPopulateMap = require('./leanPopulateMap');
+const lookupLocalFields = require('./lookupLocalFields');
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+const sift = require('sift').default;
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+module.exports = function assignVals(o) {
+  // Options that aren't explicitly listed in `populateOptions`
+  const userOptions = Object.assign({}, get(o, 'allOptions.options.options'), get(o, 'allOptions.options'));
+  // `o.options` contains options explicitly listed in `populateOptions`, like
+  // `match` and `limit`.
+  const populateOptions = Object.assign({}, o.options, userOptions, {
+    justOne: o.justOne
+  });
+  populateOptions.$nullIfNotFound = o.isVirtual;
+  const populatedModel = o.populatedModel;
+
+  const originalIds = [].concat(o.rawIds);
+
+  // replace the original ids in our intermediate _ids structure
+  // with the documents found by query
+  o.allIds = [].concat(o.allIds);
+  assignRawDocsToIdStructure(o.rawIds, o.rawDocs, o.rawOrder, populateOptions);
+
+  // now update the original documents being populated using the
+  // result structure that contains real documents.
+  const docs = o.docs;
+  const rawIds = o.rawIds;
+  const options = o.options;
+  const count = o.count && o.isVirtual;
+  let i;
+
+  function setValue(val) {
+    if (count) {
+      return val;
+    }
+    if (val instanceof SkipPopulateValue) {
+      return val.val;
+    }
+
+    const _allIds = o.allIds[i];
+
+    if (o.justOne === true && Array.isArray(val)) {
+      // Might be an embedded discriminator (re: gh-9244) with multiple models, so make sure to pick the right
+      // model before assigning.
+      const ret = [];
+      for (const doc of val) {
+        const _docPopulatedModel = leanPopulateMap.get(doc);
+        if (_docPopulatedModel == null || _docPopulatedModel === populatedModel) {
+          ret.push(doc);
+        }
+      }
+      // Since we don't want to have to create a new mongoosearray, make sure to
+      // modify the array in place
+      while (val.length > ret.length) {
+        Array.prototype.pop.apply(val, []);
+      }
+      for (let i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i) {
+        val[i] = ret[i];
+      }
+
+      return valueFilter(val[0], options, populateOptions, _allIds);
+    } else if (o.justOne === false && !Array.isArray(val)) {
+      return valueFilter([val], options, populateOptions, _allIds);
+    }
+    return valueFilter(val, options, populateOptions, _allIds);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < docs.length; ++i) {
+    const _path = o.path.endsWith('.$*') ? o.path.slice(0, -3) : o.path;
+    const existingVal = mpath.get(_path, docs[i], lookupLocalFields);
+    if (existingVal == null && !getVirtual(o.originalModel.schema, _path)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    let valueToSet;
+    if (count) {
+      valueToSet = numDocs(rawIds[i]);
+    } else if (Array.isArray(o.match)) {
+      valueToSet = Array.isArray(rawIds[i]) ?
+        rawIds[i].filter(sift(o.match[i])) :
+        [rawIds[i]].filter(sift(o.match[i]))[0];
+    } else {
+      valueToSet = rawIds[i];
+    }
+
+    // If we're populating a map, the existing value will be an object, so
+    // we need to transform again
+    const originalSchema = o.originalModel.schema;
+    const isDoc = get(docs[i], '$__', null) != null;
+    let isMap = isDoc ?
+      existingVal instanceof Map :
+      utils.isPOJO(existingVal);
+    // If we pass the first check, also make sure the local field's schematype
+    // is map (re: gh-6460)
+    isMap = isMap && get(originalSchema._getSchema(_path), '$isSchemaMap');
+    if (!o.isVirtual && isMap) {
+      const _keys = existingVal instanceof Map ?
+        Array.from(existingVal.keys()) :
+        Object.keys(existingVal);
+      valueToSet = valueToSet.reduce((cur, v, i) => {
+        cur.set(_keys[i], v);
+        return cur;
+      }, new Map());
+    }
+
+    if (isDoc && Array.isArray(valueToSet)) {
+      for (const val of valueToSet) {
+        if (val != null && val.$__ != null) {
+          val.$__.parent = docs[i];
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (isDoc && valueToSet != null && valueToSet.$__ != null) {
+      valueToSet.$__.parent = docs[i];
+    }
+
+    if (o.isVirtual && isDoc) {
+      docs[i].populated(_path, o.justOne ? originalIds[0] : originalIds, o.allOptions);
+      // If virtual populate and doc is already init-ed, need to walk through
+      // the actual doc to set rather than setting `_doc` directly
+      mpath.set(_path, valueToSet, docs[i], setValue);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const parts = _path.split('.');
+    let cur = docs[i];
+    const curPath = parts[0];
+    for (let j = 0; j < parts.length - 1; ++j) {
+      // If we get to an array with a dotted path, like `arr.foo`, don't set
+      // `foo` on the array.
+      if (Array.isArray(cur) && !utils.isArrayIndex(parts[j])) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (parts[j] === '$*') {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (cur[parts[j]] == null) {
+        // If nothing to set, avoid creating an unnecessary array. Otherwise
+        // we'll end up with a single doc in the array with only defaults.
+        // See gh-8342, gh-8455
+        const schematype = originalSchema._getSchema(curPath);
+        if (valueToSet == null && schematype != null && schematype.$isMongooseArray) {
+          break;
+        }
+        cur[parts[j]] = {};
+      }
+      cur = cur[parts[j]];
+      // If the property in MongoDB is a primitive, we won't be able to populate
+      // the nested path, so skip it. See gh-7545
+      if (typeof cur !== 'object') {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (docs[i].$__) {
+      docs[i].populated(_path, o.allIds[i], o.allOptions);
+    }
+
+    // If lean, need to check that each individual virtual respects
+    // `justOne`, because you may have a populated virtual with `justOne`
+    // underneath an array. See gh-6867
+    mpath.set(_path, valueToSet, docs[i], lookupLocalFields, setValue, false);
+  }
+};
+
+function numDocs(v) {
+  if (Array.isArray(v)) {
+    // If setting underneath an array of populated subdocs, we may have an
+    // array of arrays. See gh-7573
+    if (v.some(el => Array.isArray(el))) {
+      return v.map(el => numDocs(el));
+    }
+    return v.length;
+  }
+  return v == null ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * 1) Apply backwards compatible find/findOne behavior to sub documents
+ *
+ *    find logic:
+ *      a) filter out non-documents
+ *      b) remove _id from sub docs when user specified
+ *
+ *    findOne
+ *      a) if no doc found, set to null
+ *      b) remove _id from sub docs when user specified
+ *
+ * 2) Remove _ids when specified by users query.
+ *
+ * background:
+ * _ids are left in the query even when user excludes them so
+ * that population mapping can occur.
+ */
+
+function valueFilter(val, assignmentOpts, populateOptions, allIds) {
+  const userSpecifiedTransform = typeof populateOptions.transform === 'function';
+  const transform = userSpecifiedTransform ? populateOptions.transform : noop;
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    // find logic
+    const ret = [];
+    const numValues = val.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < numValues; ++i) {
+      let subdoc = val[i];
+      const _allIds = Array.isArray(allIds) ? allIds[i] : allIds;
+      if (!isPopulatedObject(subdoc) && (!populateOptions.retainNullValues || subdoc != null) && !userSpecifiedTransform) {
+        continue;
+      } else if (userSpecifiedTransform) {
+        subdoc = transform(isPopulatedObject(subdoc) ? subdoc : null, _allIds);
+      }
+      maybeRemoveId(subdoc, assignmentOpts);
+      ret.push(subdoc);
+      if (assignmentOpts.originalLimit &&
+          ret.length >= assignmentOpts.originalLimit) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Since we don't want to have to create a new mongoosearray, make sure to
+    // modify the array in place
+    while (val.length > ret.length) {
+      Array.prototype.pop.apply(val, []);
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i) {
+      val[i] = ret[i];
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  // findOne
+  if (isPopulatedObject(val) || utils.isPOJO(val)) {
+    maybeRemoveId(val, assignmentOpts);
+    return transform(val, allIds);
+  }
+  if (val instanceof Map) {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  if (populateOptions.justOne === false) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  return val == null ? transform(val, allIds) : transform(null, allIds);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Remove _id from `subdoc` if user specified "lean" query option
+ */
+
+function maybeRemoveId(subdoc, assignmentOpts) {
+  if (subdoc != null && assignmentOpts.excludeId) {
+    if (typeof subdoc.$__setValue === 'function') {
+      delete subdoc._doc._id;
+    } else {
+      delete subdoc._id;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Determine if `obj` is something we can set a populated path to. Can be a
+ * document, a lean document, or an array/map that contains docs.
+ */
+
+function isPopulatedObject(obj) {
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return Array.isArray(obj) ||
+    obj.$isMongooseMap ||
+    obj.$__ != null ||
+    leanPopulateMap.has(obj);
+}
+
+function noop(v) {
+  return v;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/createPopulateQueryFilter.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/createPopulateQueryFilter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db7f9c69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/createPopulateQueryFilter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SkipPopulateValue = require('./SkipPopulateValue');
+const parentPaths = require('../path/parentPaths');
+
+module.exports = function createPopulateQueryFilter(ids, _match, _foreignField, model, skipInvalidIds) {
+  const match = _formatMatch(_match);
+
+  if (_foreignField.size === 1) {
+    const foreignField = Array.from(_foreignField)[0];
+    const foreignSchemaType = model.schema.path(foreignField);
+    if (foreignField !== '_id' || !match['_id']) {
+      ids = _filterInvalidIds(ids, foreignSchemaType, skipInvalidIds);
+      match[foreignField] = { $in: ids };
+    }
+
+    const _parentPaths = parentPaths(foreignField);
+    for (let i = 0; i < _parentPaths.length - 1; ++i) {
+      const cur = _parentPaths[i];
+      if (match[cur] != null && match[cur].$elemMatch != null) {
+        match[cur].$elemMatch[foreignField.slice(cur.length + 1)] = { $in: ids };
+        delete match[foreignField];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    const $or = [];
+    if (Array.isArray(match.$or)) {
+      match.$and = [{ $or: match.$or }, { $or: $or }];
+      delete match.$or;
+    } else {
+      match.$or = $or;
+    }
+    for (const foreignField of _foreignField) {
+      if (foreignField !== '_id' || !match['_id']) {
+        const foreignSchemaType = model.schema.path(foreignField);
+        ids = _filterInvalidIds(ids, foreignSchemaType, skipInvalidIds);
+        $or.push({ [foreignField]: { $in: ids } });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return match;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Optionally filter out invalid ids that don't conform to foreign field's schema
+ * to avoid cast errors (gh-7706)
+ */
+
+function _filterInvalidIds(ids, foreignSchemaType, skipInvalidIds) {
+  ids = ids.filter(v => !(v instanceof SkipPopulateValue));
+  if (!skipInvalidIds) {
+    return ids;
+  }
+  return ids.filter(id => {
+    try {
+      foreignSchemaType.cast(id);
+      return true;
+    } catch (err) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Format `mod.match` given that it may be an array that we need to $or if
+ * the client has multiple docs with match functions
+ */
+
+function _formatMatch(match) {
+  if (Array.isArray(match)) {
+    if (match.length > 1) {
+      return { $or: [].concat(match.map(m => Object.assign({}, m))) };
+    }
+    return Object.assign({}, match[0]);
+  }
+  return Object.assign({}, match);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getModelsMapForPopulate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getModelsMapForPopulate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f98731bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getModelsMapForPopulate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('../../error/index');
+const SkipPopulateValue = require('./SkipPopulateValue');
+const get = require('../get');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('../discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const isPathExcluded = require('../projection/isPathExcluded');
+const getSchemaTypes = require('./getSchemaTypes');
+const getVirtual = require('./getVirtual');
+const lookupLocalFields = require('./lookupLocalFields');
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+const normalizeRefPath = require('./normalizeRefPath');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+const modelSymbol = require('../symbols').modelSymbol;
+const populateModelSymbol = require('../symbols').populateModelSymbol;
+const schemaMixedSymbol = require('../../schema/symbols').schemaMixedSymbol;
+
+module.exports = function getModelsMapForPopulate(model, docs, options) {
+  let i;
+  let doc;
+  const len = docs.length;
+  const available = {};
+  const map = [];
+  const modelNameFromQuery = options.model && options.model.modelName || options.model;
+  let schema;
+  let refPath;
+  let Model;
+  let currentOptions;
+  let modelNames;
+  let modelName;
+
+  const originalModel = options.model;
+  let isVirtual = false;
+  const modelSchema = model.schema;
+
+  let allSchemaTypes = getSchemaTypes(modelSchema, null, options.path);
+  allSchemaTypes = Array.isArray(allSchemaTypes) ? allSchemaTypes : [allSchemaTypes].filter(v => v != null);
+  const _firstWithRefPath = allSchemaTypes.find(schematype => get(schematype, 'options.refPath', null) != null);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    doc = docs[i];
+    let justOne = null;
+    schema = getSchemaTypes(modelSchema, doc, options.path);
+    // Special case: populating a path that's a DocumentArray unless
+    // there's an explicit `ref` or `refPath` re: gh-8946
+    if (schema != null &&
+        schema.$isMongooseDocumentArray &&
+        schema.options.ref == null &&
+        schema.options.refPath == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Populating a nested path should always be a no-op re: #9073.
+    // People shouldn't do this, but apparently they do.
+    if (options._localModel != null && options._localModel.schema.nested[options.path]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const isUnderneathDocArray = schema && schema.$isUnderneathDocArray;
+    if (isUnderneathDocArray && get(options, 'options.sort') != null) {
+      return new MongooseError('Cannot populate with `sort` on path ' + options.path +
+        ' because it is a subproperty of a document array');
+    }
+
+    modelNames = null;
+    let isRefPath = !!_firstWithRefPath;
+    let normalizedRefPath = _firstWithRefPath ? get(_firstWithRefPath, 'options.refPath', null) : null;
+    let schemaOptions = null;
+
+    if (Array.isArray(schema)) {
+      const schemasArray = schema;
+      for (const _schema of schemasArray) {
+        let _modelNames;
+        let res;
+        try {
+          res = _getModelNames(doc, _schema);
+          _modelNames = res.modelNames;
+          isRefPath = isRefPath || res.isRefPath;
+          normalizedRefPath = normalizeRefPath(normalizedRefPath, doc, options.path) ||
+            res.refPath;
+          justOne = res.justOne;
+        } catch (error) {
+          return error;
+        }
+
+        if (isRefPath && !res.isRefPath) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!_modelNames) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        modelNames = modelNames || [];
+        for (const modelName of _modelNames) {
+          if (modelNames.indexOf(modelName) === -1) {
+            modelNames.push(modelName);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      try {
+        const res = _getModelNames(doc, schema);
+        modelNames = res.modelNames;
+        isRefPath = res.isRefPath;
+        normalizedRefPath = res.refPath;
+        justOne = res.justOne;
+        schemaOptions = get(schema, 'options.populate', null);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return error;
+      }
+
+      if (!modelNames) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const _virtualRes = getVirtual(model.schema, options.path);
+    const virtual = _virtualRes == null ? null : _virtualRes.virtual;
+
+    let localField;
+    let count = false;
+    if (virtual && virtual.options) {
+      const virtualPrefix = _virtualRes.nestedSchemaPath ?
+        _virtualRes.nestedSchemaPath + '.' : '';
+      if (typeof virtual.options.localField === 'function') {
+        localField = virtualPrefix + virtual.options.localField.call(doc, doc);
+      } else if (Array.isArray(virtual.options.localField)) {
+        localField = virtual.options.localField.map(field => virtualPrefix + field);
+      } else {
+        localField = virtualPrefix + virtual.options.localField;
+      }
+      count = virtual.options.count;
+
+      if (virtual.options.skip != null && !options.hasOwnProperty('skip')) {
+        options.skip = virtual.options.skip;
+      }
+      if (virtual.options.limit != null && !options.hasOwnProperty('limit')) {
+        options.limit = virtual.options.limit;
+      }
+      if (virtual.options.perDocumentLimit != null && !options.hasOwnProperty('perDocumentLimit')) {
+        options.perDocumentLimit = virtual.options.perDocumentLimit;
+      }
+    } else {
+      localField = options.path;
+    }
+    let foreignField = virtual && virtual.options ?
+      virtual.options.foreignField :
+      '_id';
+
+    // `justOne = null` means we don't know from the schema whether the end
+    // result should be an array or a single doc. This can result from
+    // populating a POJO using `Model.populate()`
+    if ('justOne' in options && options.justOne !== void 0) {
+      justOne = options.justOne;
+    } else if (virtual && virtual.options && virtual.options.refPath) {
+      const normalizedRefPath =
+        normalizeRefPath(virtual.options.refPath, doc, options.path);
+      justOne = !!virtual.options.justOne;
+      isVirtual = true;
+      const refValue = utils.getValue(normalizedRefPath, doc);
+      modelNames = Array.isArray(refValue) ? refValue : [refValue];
+    } else if (virtual && virtual.options && virtual.options.ref) {
+      let normalizedRef;
+      if (typeof virtual.options.ref === 'function') {
+        normalizedRef = virtual.options.ref.call(doc, doc);
+      } else {
+        normalizedRef = virtual.options.ref;
+      }
+      justOne = !!virtual.options.justOne;
+      isVirtual = true;
+      if (!modelNames) {
+        modelNames = [].concat(normalizedRef);
+      }
+    } else if (schema && !schema[schemaMixedSymbol]) {
+      // Skip Mixed types because we explicitly don't do casting on those.
+      if (options.path.endsWith('.' + schema.path)) {
+        justOne = Array.isArray(schema) ?
+          schema.every(schema => !schema.$isMongooseArray) :
+          !schema.$isMongooseArray;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!modelNames) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (virtual && (!localField || !foreignField)) {
+      return new MongooseError('If you are populating a virtual, you must set the ' +
+        'localField and foreignField options');
+    }
+
+    options.isVirtual = isVirtual;
+    options.virtual = virtual;
+    if (typeof localField === 'function') {
+      localField = localField.call(doc, doc);
+    }
+    if (typeof foreignField === 'function') {
+      foreignField = foreignField.call(doc);
+    }
+
+    let match = get(options, 'match', null) ||
+      get(currentOptions, 'match', null) ||
+      get(options, 'virtual.options.match', null) ||
+      get(options, 'virtual.options.options.match', null);
+
+    let hasMatchFunction = typeof match === 'function';
+    if (hasMatchFunction) {
+      match = match.call(doc, doc);
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(localField) && Array.isArray(foreignField) && localField.length === foreignField.length) {
+      match = Object.assign({}, match);
+      for (let i = 1; i < localField.length; ++i) {
+        match[foreignField[i]] = convertTo_id(mpath.get(localField[i], doc, lookupLocalFields), schema);
+        hasMatchFunction = true;
+      }
+
+      localField = localField[0];
+      foreignField = foreignField[0];
+    }
+
+    const localFieldPathType = modelSchema._getPathType(localField);
+    const localFieldPath = localFieldPathType === 'real' ? modelSchema.path(localField) : localFieldPathType.schema;
+    const localFieldGetters = localFieldPath && localFieldPath.getters ? localFieldPath.getters : [];
+    let ret;
+
+    const _populateOptions = get(options, 'options', {});
+
+    const getters = 'getters' in _populateOptions ?
+      _populateOptions.getters :
+      options.isVirtual && get(virtual, 'options.getters', false);
+    if (localFieldGetters.length > 0 && getters) {
+      const hydratedDoc = (doc.$__ != null) ? doc : model.hydrate(doc);
+      const localFieldValue = mpath.get(localField, doc, lookupLocalFields);
+      if (Array.isArray(localFieldValue)) {
+        const localFieldHydratedValue = mpath.get(localField.split('.').slice(0, -1), hydratedDoc, lookupLocalFields);
+        ret = localFieldValue.map((localFieldArrVal, localFieldArrIndex) =>
+          localFieldPath.applyGetters(localFieldArrVal, localFieldHydratedValue[localFieldArrIndex]));
+      } else {
+        ret = localFieldPath.applyGetters(localFieldValue, hydratedDoc);
+      }
+    } else {
+      ret = convertTo_id(mpath.get(localField, doc, lookupLocalFields), schema);
+    }
+
+    const id = String(utils.getValue(foreignField, doc));
+    options._docs[id] = Array.isArray(ret) ? ret.slice() : ret;
+
+    // Re: gh-8452. Embedded discriminators may not have `refPath`, so clear
+    // out embedded discriminator docs that don't have a `refPath` on the
+    // populated path.
+    if (isRefPath && normalizedRefPath != null) {
+      const pieces = normalizedRefPath.split('.');
+      let cur = '';
+      for (let j = 0; j < pieces.length; ++j) {
+        const piece = pieces[j];
+        cur = cur + (cur.length === 0 ? '' : '.') + piece;
+        const schematype = modelSchema.path(cur);
+        if (schematype != null &&
+            schematype.$isMongooseArray &&
+            schematype.caster.discriminators != null &&
+            Object.keys(schematype.caster.discriminators).length > 0) {
+          const subdocs = utils.getValue(cur, doc);
+          const remnant = options.path.substr(cur.length + 1);
+          const discriminatorKey = schematype.caster.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+          modelNames = [];
+          for (const subdoc of subdocs) {
+            const discriminatorName = utils.getValue(discriminatorKey, subdoc);
+            const discriminator = schematype.caster.discriminators[discriminatorName];
+            const discriminatorSchema = discriminator && discriminator.schema;
+            if (discriminatorSchema == null) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            const _path = discriminatorSchema.path(remnant);
+            if (_path == null || _path.options.refPath == null) {
+              const docValue = utils.getValue(localField.substr(cur.length + 1), subdoc);
+              ret = ret.map(v => v === docValue ? SkipPopulateValue(v) : v);
+              continue;
+            }
+            const modelName = utils.getValue(pieces.slice(j + 1).join('.'), subdoc);
+            modelNames.push(modelName);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    let k = modelNames.length;
+    while (k--) {
+      modelName = modelNames[k];
+      if (modelName == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // `PopulateOptions#connection`: if the model is passed as a string, the
+      // connection matters because different connections have different models.
+      const connection = options.connection != null ? options.connection : model.db;
+
+      try {
+        Model = originalModel && originalModel[modelSymbol] ?
+          originalModel :
+          modelName[modelSymbol] ? modelName : connection.model(modelName);
+      } catch (error) {
+        // If `ret` is undefined, we'll add an empty entry to modelsMap. We shouldn't
+        // execute a query, but it is necessary to make sure `justOne` gets handled
+        // correctly for setting an empty array (see gh-8455)
+        if (ret !== undefined) {
+          return error;
+        }
+      }
+
+      let ids = ret;
+      const flat = Array.isArray(ret) ? utils.array.flatten(ret) : [];
+
+      if (isRefPath && Array.isArray(ret) && flat.length === modelNames.length) {
+        ids = flat.filter((val, i) => modelNames[i] === modelName);
+      }
+
+      if (!available[modelName] || currentOptions.perDocumentLimit != null || get(currentOptions, 'options.perDocumentLimit') != null) {
+        currentOptions = {
+          model: Model
+        };
+
+        if (isVirtual && get(virtual, 'options.options')) {
+          currentOptions.options = utils.clone(virtual.options.options);
+        } else if (schemaOptions != null) {
+          currentOptions.options = Object.assign({}, schemaOptions);
+        }
+        utils.merge(currentOptions, options);
+
+        // Used internally for checking what model was used to populate this
+        // path.
+        options[populateModelSymbol] = Model;
+
+        available[modelName] = {
+          model: Model,
+          options: currentOptions,
+          match: hasMatchFunction ? [match] : match,
+          docs: [doc],
+          ids: [ids],
+          allIds: [ret],
+          localField: new Set([localField]),
+          foreignField: new Set([foreignField]),
+          justOne: justOne,
+          isVirtual: isVirtual,
+          virtual: virtual,
+          count: count,
+          [populateModelSymbol]: Model
+        };
+        map.push(available[modelName]);
+      } else {
+        available[modelName].localField.add(localField);
+        available[modelName].foreignField.add(foreignField);
+        available[modelName].docs.push(doc);
+        available[modelName].ids.push(ids);
+        available[modelName].allIds.push(ret);
+        if (hasMatchFunction) {
+          available[modelName].match.push(match);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return map;
+
+  function _getModelNames(doc, schema) {
+    let modelNames;
+    let discriminatorKey;
+    let isRefPath = false;
+    let justOne = null;
+
+    if (schema && schema.caster) {
+      schema = schema.caster;
+    }
+    if (schema && schema.$isSchemaMap) {
+      schema = schema.$__schemaType;
+    }
+
+    if (!schema && model.discriminators) {
+      discriminatorKey = model.schema.discriminatorMapping.key;
+    }
+
+    refPath = schema && schema.options && schema.options.refPath;
+
+    const normalizedRefPath = normalizeRefPath(refPath, doc, options.path);
+
+    if (modelNameFromQuery) {
+      modelNames = [modelNameFromQuery]; // query options
+    } else if (normalizedRefPath) {
+      if (options._queryProjection != null && isPathExcluded(options._queryProjection, normalizedRefPath)) {
+        throw new MongooseError('refPath `' + normalizedRefPath +
+          '` must not be excluded in projection, got ' +
+          util.inspect(options._queryProjection));
+      }
+
+      if (modelSchema.virtuals.hasOwnProperty(normalizedRefPath) && doc.$__ == null) {
+        modelNames = [modelSchema.virtuals[normalizedRefPath].applyGetters(void 0, doc)];
+      } else {
+        modelNames = utils.getValue(normalizedRefPath, doc);
+      }
+
+      if (Array.isArray(modelNames)) {
+        modelNames = utils.array.flatten(modelNames);
+      }
+
+      isRefPath = true;
+    } else {
+      let modelForCurrentDoc = model;
+      let schemaForCurrentDoc;
+      let discriminatorValue;
+
+      if (!schema && discriminatorKey && (discriminatorValue = utils.getValue(discriminatorKey, doc))) {
+        // `modelNameForFind` is the discriminator value, so we might need
+        // find the discriminated model name
+        const discriminatorModel = getDiscriminatorByValue(model.discriminators, discriminatorValue) || model;
+        if (discriminatorModel != null) {
+          modelForCurrentDoc = discriminatorModel;
+        } else {
+          try {
+            modelForCurrentDoc = model.db.model(discriminatorValue);
+          } catch (error) {
+            return error;
+          }
+        }
+
+        schemaForCurrentDoc = modelForCurrentDoc.schema._getSchema(options.path);
+
+        if (schemaForCurrentDoc && schemaForCurrentDoc.caster) {
+          schemaForCurrentDoc = schemaForCurrentDoc.caster;
+        }
+      } else {
+        schemaForCurrentDoc = schema;
+      }
+      const _virtualRes = getVirtual(modelForCurrentDoc.schema, options.path);
+      const virtual = _virtualRes == null ? null : _virtualRes.virtual;
+
+      if (schemaForCurrentDoc != null) {
+        justOne = !schemaForCurrentDoc.$isMongooseArray && !schemaForCurrentDoc._arrayPath;
+      }
+
+      let ref;
+      let refPath;
+
+      if ((ref = get(schemaForCurrentDoc, 'options.ref')) != null) {
+        ref = handleRefFunction(ref, doc);
+        modelNames = [ref];
+      } else if ((ref = get(virtual, 'options.ref')) != null) {
+        ref = handleRefFunction(ref, doc);
+
+        // When referencing nested arrays, the ref should be an Array
+        // of modelNames.
+        if (Array.isArray(ref)) {
+          modelNames = ref;
+        } else {
+          modelNames = [ref];
+        }
+
+        isVirtual = true;
+      } else if ((refPath = get(schemaForCurrentDoc, 'options.refPath')) != null) {
+        isRefPath = true;
+        refPath = normalizeRefPath(refPath, doc, options.path);
+        modelNames = utils.getValue(refPath, doc);
+        if (Array.isArray(modelNames)) {
+          modelNames = utils.array.flatten(modelNames);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // We may have a discriminator, in which case we don't want to
+        // populate using the base model by default
+        modelNames = discriminatorKey ? null : [model.modelName];
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!modelNames) {
+      return { modelNames: modelNames, isRefPath: isRefPath, refPath: normalizedRefPath, justOne: justOne };
+    }
+
+    if (!Array.isArray(modelNames)) {
+      modelNames = [modelNames];
+    }
+
+    return { modelNames: modelNames, isRefPath: isRefPath, refPath: normalizedRefPath, justOne: justOne };
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleRefFunction(ref, doc) {
+  if (typeof ref === 'function' && !ref[modelSymbol]) {
+    return ref.call(doc, doc);
+  }
+  return ref;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Retrieve the _id of `val` if a Document or Array of Documents.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|Document|Any} val
+ * @return {Array|Document|Any}
+ */
+
+function convertTo_id(val, schema) {
+  if (val != null && val.$__ != null) {
+    return val._id;
+  }
+  if (val != null && val._id != null && (schema == null || !schema.$isSchemaMap)) {
+    return val._id;
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < val.length; ++i) {
+      if (val[i] != null && val[i].$__ != null) {
+        val[i] = val[i]._id;
+      }
+    }
+    if (val.isMongooseArray && val.$schema()) {
+      return val.$schema()._castForPopulate(val, val.$parent());
+    }
+
+    return [].concat(val);
+  }
+
+  // `populate('map')` may be an object if populating on a doc that hasn't
+  // been hydrated yet
+  if (val != null &&
+      val.constructor.name === 'Object' &&
+      // The intent here is we should only flatten the object if we expect
+      // to get a Map in the end. Avoid doing this for mixed types.
+      (schema == null || schema[schemaMixedSymbol] == null)) {
+    const ret = [];
+    for (const key of Object.keys(val)) {
+      ret.push(val[key]);
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+  // If doc has already been hydrated, e.g. `doc.populate('map').execPopulate()`
+  // then `val` will already be a map
+  if (val instanceof Map) {
+    return Array.from(val.values());
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getSchemaTypes.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getSchemaTypes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c33ebb34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getSchemaTypes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const Mixed = require('../../schema/mixed');
+const get = require('../get');
+const leanPopulateMap = require('./leanPopulateMap');
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+
+const populateModelSymbol = require('../symbols').populateModelSymbol;
+
+/*!
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} doc POJO
+ * @param {string} path
+ */
+
+module.exports = function getSchemaTypes(schema, doc, path) {
+  const pathschema = schema.path(path);
+  const topLevelDoc = doc;
+  if (pathschema) {
+    return pathschema;
+  }
+
+  function search(parts, schema, subdoc, nestedPath) {
+    let p = parts.length + 1;
+    let foundschema;
+    let trypath;
+
+    while (p--) {
+      trypath = parts.slice(0, p).join('.');
+      foundschema = schema.path(trypath);
+      if (foundschema == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (foundschema.caster) {
+        // array of Mixed?
+        if (foundschema.caster instanceof Mixed) {
+          return foundschema.caster;
+        }
+
+        let schemas = null;
+        if (foundschema.schema != null && foundschema.schema.discriminators != null) {
+          const discriminators = foundschema.schema.discriminators;
+          const discriminatorKeyPath = trypath + '.' +
+            foundschema.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+          const keys = subdoc ? mpath.get(discriminatorKeyPath, subdoc) || [] : [];
+          schemas = Object.keys(discriminators).
+            reduce(function(cur, discriminator) {
+              const tiedValue = discriminators[discriminator].discriminatorMapping.value;
+              if (doc == null || keys.indexOf(discriminator) !== -1 || keys.indexOf(tiedValue) !== -1) {
+                cur.push(discriminators[discriminator]);
+              }
+              return cur;
+            }, []);
+        }
+
+        // Now that we found the array, we need to check if there
+        // are remaining document paths to look up for casting.
+        // Also we need to handle array.$.path since schema.path
+        // doesn't work for that.
+        // If there is no foundschema.schema we are dealing with
+        // a path like array.$
+        if (p !== parts.length && foundschema.schema) {
+          let ret;
+          if (parts[p] === '$') {
+            if (p + 1 === parts.length) {
+              // comments.$
+              return foundschema;
+            }
+            // comments.$.comments.$.title
+            ret = search(
+              parts.slice(p + 1),
+              schema,
+              subdoc ? mpath.get(trypath, subdoc) : null,
+              nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p))
+            );
+            if (ret) {
+              ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+                !foundschema.schema.$isSingleNested;
+            }
+            return ret;
+          }
+
+          if (schemas != null && schemas.length > 0) {
+            ret = [];
+            for (const schema of schemas) {
+              const _ret = search(
+                parts.slice(p),
+                schema,
+                subdoc ? mpath.get(trypath, subdoc) : null,
+                nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p))
+              );
+              if (_ret != null) {
+                _ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = _ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+                  !foundschema.schema.$isSingleNested;
+                if (_ret.$isUnderneathDocArray) {
+                  ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = true;
+                }
+                ret.push(_ret);
+              }
+            }
+            return ret;
+          } else {
+            ret = search(
+              parts.slice(p),
+              foundschema.schema,
+              subdoc ? mpath.get(trypath, subdoc) : null,
+              nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p))
+            );
+
+            if (ret) {
+              ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+                !foundschema.schema.$isSingleNested;
+            }
+            return ret;
+          }
+        } else if (p !== parts.length &&
+            foundschema.$isMongooseArray &&
+            foundschema.casterConstructor.$isMongooseArray) {
+          // Nested arrays. Drill down to the bottom of the nested array.
+          let type = foundschema;
+          while (type.$isMongooseArray && !type.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+            type = type.casterConstructor;
+          }
+
+          const ret = search(
+            parts.slice(p),
+            type.schema,
+            null,
+            nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p))
+          );
+          if (ret != null) {
+            return ret;
+          }
+
+          if (type.schema.discriminators) {
+            const discriminatorPaths = [];
+            for (const discriminatorName of Object.keys(type.schema.discriminators)) {
+              const _schema = type.schema.discriminators[discriminatorName] || type.schema;
+              const ret = search(parts.slice(p), _schema, null, nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p)));
+              if (ret != null) {
+                discriminatorPaths.push(ret);
+              }
+            }
+            if (discriminatorPaths.length > 0) {
+              return discriminatorPaths;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const fullPath = nestedPath.concat([trypath]).join('.');
+      if (topLevelDoc != null && topLevelDoc.$__ && topLevelDoc.populated(fullPath) && p < parts.length) {
+        const model = doc.$__.populated[fullPath].options[populateModelSymbol];
+        if (model != null) {
+          const ret = search(
+            parts.slice(p),
+            model.schema,
+            subdoc ? mpath.get(trypath, subdoc) : null,
+            nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p))
+          );
+
+          if (ret) {
+            ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+              !model.schema.$isSingleNested;
+          }
+          return ret;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const _val = get(topLevelDoc, trypath);
+      if (_val != null) {
+        const model = Array.isArray(_val) && _val.length > 0 ?
+          leanPopulateMap.get(_val[0]) :
+          leanPopulateMap.get(_val);
+        // Populated using lean, `leanPopulateMap` value is the foreign model
+        const schema = model != null ? model.schema : null;
+        if (schema != null) {
+          const ret = search(
+            parts.slice(p),
+            schema,
+            subdoc ? mpath.get(trypath, subdoc) : null,
+            nestedPath.concat(parts.slice(0, p))
+          );
+
+          if (ret != null) {
+            ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+              !schema.$isSingleNested;
+            return ret;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return foundschema;
+    }
+  }
+  // look for arrays
+  const parts = path.split('.');
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    if (parts[i] === '$') {
+      // Re: gh-5628, because `schema.path()` doesn't take $ into account.
+      parts[i] = '0';
+    }
+  }
+  return search(parts, schema, doc, []);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getVirtual.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getVirtual.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc1641d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/getVirtual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = getVirtual;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function getVirtual(schema, name) {
+  if (schema.virtuals[name]) {
+    return { virtual: schema.virtuals[name], path: void 0 };
+  }
+
+  const parts = name.split('.');
+  let cur = '';
+  let nestedSchemaPath = '';
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    cur += (cur.length > 0 ? '.' : '') + parts[i];
+    if (schema.virtuals[cur]) {
+      if (i === parts.length - 1) {
+        return { virtual: schema.virtuals[cur], path: nestedSchemaPath };
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (schema.nested[cur]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (schema.paths[cur] && schema.paths[cur].schema) {
+      schema = schema.paths[cur].schema;
+      const rest = parts.slice(i + 1).join('.');
+
+      if (schema.virtuals[rest]) {
+        if (i === parts.length - 2) {
+          return {
+            virtual: schema.virtuals[rest],
+            nestedSchemaPath: [nestedSchemaPath, cur].filter(v => !!v).join('.')
+          };
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (i + 1 < parts.length && schema.discriminators) {
+        for (const key of Object.keys(schema.discriminators)) {
+          const res = getVirtual(schema.discriminators[key], rest);
+          if (res != null) {
+            const _path = [nestedSchemaPath, cur, res.nestedSchemaPath].
+              filter(v => !!v).join('.');
+            return {
+              virtual: res.virtual,
+              nestedSchemaPath: _path
+            };
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      nestedSchemaPath += (nestedSchemaPath.length > 0 ? '.' : '') + cur;
+      cur = '';
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (schema.discriminators) {
+      for (const discriminatorKey of Object.keys(schema.discriminators)) {
+        const virtualFromDiscriminator = getVirtual(schema.discriminators[discriminatorKey], name);
+        if (virtualFromDiscriminator) return virtualFromDiscriminator;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/leanPopulateMap.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/leanPopulateMap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a333124fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/leanPopulateMap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = new WeakMap();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/lookupLocalFields.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/lookupLocalFields.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fcfae561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/lookupLocalFields.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function lookupLocalFields(cur, path, val) {
+  if (cur == null) {
+    return cur;
+  }
+
+  if (cur._doc != null) {
+    cur = cur._doc;
+  }
+
+  if (arguments.length >= 3) {
+    if (typeof cur !== 'object') {
+      return void 0;
+    }
+    cur[path] = val;
+    return val;
+  }
+
+
+  // Support populating paths under maps using `map.$*.subpath`
+  if (path === '$*') {
+    return cur instanceof Map ?
+      Array.from(cur.values()) :
+      Object.keys(cur).map(key => cur[key]);
+  }
+  return cur[path];
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/normalizeRefPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/normalizeRefPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..233b74179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/normalizeRefPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function normalizeRefPath(refPath, doc, populatedPath) {
+  if (refPath == null) {
+    return refPath;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof refPath === 'function') {
+    refPath = refPath.call(doc, doc, populatedPath);
+  }
+
+  // If populated path has numerics, the end `refPath` should too. For example,
+  // if populating `a.0.b` instead of `a.b` and `b` has `refPath = a.c`, we
+  // should return `a.0.c` for the refPath.
+  const hasNumericProp = /(\.\d+$|\.\d+\.)/g;
+
+  if (hasNumericProp.test(populatedPath)) {
+    const chunks = populatedPath.split(hasNumericProp);
+
+    if (chunks[chunks.length - 1] === '') {
+      throw new Error('Can\'t populate individual element in an array');
+    }
+
+    let _refPath = '';
+    let _remaining = refPath;
+    // 2nd, 4th, etc. will be numeric props. For example: `[ 'a', '.0.', 'b' ]`
+    for (let i = 0; i < chunks.length; i += 2) {
+      const chunk = chunks[i];
+      if (_remaining.startsWith(chunk + '.')) {
+        _refPath += _remaining.substr(0, chunk.length) + chunks[i + 1];
+        _remaining = _remaining.substr(chunk.length + 1);
+      } else if (i === chunks.length - 1) {
+        _refPath += _remaining;
+        _remaining = '';
+        break;
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Could not normalize ref path, chunk ' + chunk + ' not in populated path');
+      }
+    }
+
+    return _refPath;
+  }
+
+  return refPath;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/removeDeselectedForeignField.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/removeDeselectedForeignField.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39b893a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/removeDeselectedForeignField.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+const parseProjection = require('../projection/parseProjection');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function removeDeselectedForeignField(foreignFields, options, docs) {
+  const projection = parseProjection(get(options, 'select', null), true) ||
+    parseProjection(get(options, 'options.select', null), true);
+
+  if (projection == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const foreignField of foreignFields) {
+    if (!projection.hasOwnProperty('-' + foreignField)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    for (const val of docs) {
+      if (val.$__ != null) {
+        mpath.unset(foreignField, val._doc);
+      } else {
+        mpath.unset(foreignField, val);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/validateRef.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/validateRef.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9dc2b6fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/populate/validateRef.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('../../error/mongooseError');
+const util = require('util');
+
+module.exports = validateRef;
+
+function validateRef(ref, path) {
+  if (typeof ref === 'string') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof ref === 'function') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  throw new MongooseError('Invalid ref at path "' + path + '". Got ' +
+    util.inspect(ref, { depth: 0 }));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/printJestWarning.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/printJestWarning.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9338d42a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/printJestWarning.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+
+if (typeof jest !== 'undefined' && typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+  console.warn('Mongoose: looks like you\'re trying to test a Mongoose app ' +
+    'with Jest\'s default jsdom test environment. Please make sure you read ' +
+    'Mongoose\'s docs on configuring Jest to test Node.js apps: ' +
+    'http://mongoosejs.com/docs/jest.html');
+}
+
+if (typeof jest !== 'undefined' && process.nextTick.toString().indexOf('nextTick') === -1) {
+  console.warn('Mongoose: looks like you\'re trying to test a Mongoose app ' +
+    'with Jest\'s mock timers enabled. Please make sure you read ' +
+    'Mongoose\'s docs on configuring Jest to test Node.js apps: ' +
+    'http://mongoosejs.com/docs/jest.html');
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isDefiningProjection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isDefiningProjection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67dfb39fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isDefiningProjection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function isDefiningProjection(val) {
+  if (val == null) {
+    // `undefined` or `null` become exclusive projections
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === 'object') {
+    // Only cases where a value does **not** define whether the whole projection
+    // is inclusive or exclusive are `$meta` and `$slice`.
+    return !('$meta' in val) && !('$slice' in val);
+  }
+  return true;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isExclusive.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isExclusive.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbf1b7878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isExclusive.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const isDefiningProjection = require('./isDefiningProjection');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function isExclusive(projection) {
+  if (projection == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(projection);
+  let ki = keys.length;
+  let exclude = null;
+
+  if (ki === 1 && keys[0] === '_id') {
+    exclude = !!projection[keys[ki]];
+  } else {
+    while (ki--) {
+      // Does this projection explicitly define inclusion/exclusion?
+      // Explicitly avoid `$meta` and `$slice`
+      if (keys[ki] !== '_id' && isDefiningProjection(projection[keys[ki]])) {
+        exclude = !projection[keys[ki]];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return exclude;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isInclusive.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isInclusive.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..098309ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isInclusive.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const isDefiningProjection = require('./isDefiningProjection');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function isInclusive(projection) {
+  if (projection == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const props = Object.keys(projection);
+  const numProps = props.length;
+  if (numProps === 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < numProps; ++i) {
+    const prop = props[i];
+    // Plus paths can't define the projection (see gh-7050)
+    if (prop.startsWith('+')) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // If field is truthy (1, true, etc.) and not an object, then this
+    // projection must be inclusive. If object, assume its $meta, $slice, etc.
+    if (isDefiningProjection(projection[prop]) && !!projection[prop]) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isPathExcluded.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isPathExcluded.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc2592cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isPathExcluded.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const isDefiningProjection = require('./isDefiningProjection');
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if `path` is excluded by `projection`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} projection
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+module.exports = function isPathExcluded(projection, path) {
+  if (path === '_id') {
+    return projection._id === 0;
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(projection);
+  let type = null;
+
+  for (const _path of paths) {
+    if (isDefiningProjection(projection[_path])) {
+      type = projection[path] === 1 ? 'inclusive' : 'exclusive';
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (type === 'inclusive') {
+    return projection[path] !== 1;
+  }
+  if (type === 'exclusive') {
+    return projection[path] === 0;
+  }
+  return false;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isPathSelectedInclusive.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isPathSelectedInclusive.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a05fc948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/isPathSelectedInclusive.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function isPathSelectedInclusive(fields, path) {
+  const chunks = path.split('.');
+  let cur = '';
+  let j;
+  let keys;
+  let numKeys;
+  for (let i = 0; i < chunks.length; ++i) {
+    cur += cur.length ? '.' : '' + chunks[i];
+    if (fields[cur]) {
+      keys = Object.keys(fields);
+      numKeys = keys.length;
+      for (j = 0; j < numKeys; ++j) {
+        if (keys[i].indexOf(cur + '.') === 0 && keys[i].indexOf(path) !== 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/parseProjection.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/parseProjection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2a44b106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/projection/parseProjection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Convert a string or array into a projection object, retaining all
+ * `-` and `+` paths.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function parseProjection(v, retainMinusPaths) {
+  const type = typeof v;
+
+  if (type === 'string') {
+    v = v.split(/\s+/);
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(v) && Object.prototype.toString.call(v) !== '[object Arguments]') {
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  const len = v.length;
+  const ret = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    let field = v[i];
+    if (!field) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const include = '-' == field[0] ? 0 : 1;
+    if (!retainMinusPaths && include === 0) {
+      field = field.substring(1);
+    }
+    ret[field] = include;
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/promiseOrCallback.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/promiseOrCallback.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69ba38530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/promiseOrCallback.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const PromiseProvider = require('../promise_provider');
+const immediate = require('./immediate');
+
+const emittedSymbol = Symbol('mongoose:emitted');
+
+module.exports = function promiseOrCallback(callback, fn, ee, Promise) {
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    return fn(function(error) {
+      if (error != null) {
+        if (ee != null && ee.listeners != null && ee.listeners('error').length > 0 && !error[emittedSymbol]) {
+          error[emittedSymbol] = true;
+          ee.emit('error', error);
+        }
+        try {
+          callback(error);
+        } catch (error) {
+          return immediate(() => {
+            throw error;
+          });
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      callback.apply(this, arguments);
+    });
+  }
+
+  Promise = Promise || PromiseProvider.get();
+
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    fn(function(error, res) {
+      if (error != null) {
+        if (ee != null && ee.listeners != null && ee.listeners('error').length > 0 && !error[emittedSymbol]) {
+          error[emittedSymbol] = true;
+          ee.emit('error', error);
+        }
+        return reject(error);
+      }
+      if (arguments.length > 2) {
+        return resolve(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
+      }
+      resolve(res);
+    });
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/applyGlobalMaxTimeMS.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/applyGlobalMaxTimeMS.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb4926055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/applyGlobalMaxTimeMS.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+module.exports = function applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(options, model) {
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(options, 'maxTimeMS')) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(model.db.options, 'maxTimeMS')) {
+    options.maxTimeMS = model.db.options.maxTimeMS;
+  } else if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(model.base.options, 'maxTimeMS')) {
+    options.maxTimeMS = model.base.options.maxTimeMS;
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/applyQueryMiddleware.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/applyQueryMiddleware.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..792975836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/applyQueryMiddleware.js
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = applyQueryMiddleware;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+applyQueryMiddleware.middlewareFunctions = [
+  'count',
+  'countDocuments',
+  'deleteMany',
+  'deleteOne',
+  'distinct',
+  'estimatedDocumentCount',
+  'find',
+  'findOne',
+  'findOneAndDelete',
+  'findOneAndRemove',
+  'findOneAndReplace',
+  'findOneAndUpdate',
+  'remove',
+  'replaceOne',
+  'update',
+  'updateMany',
+  'updateOne',
+  'validate'
+];
+
+/*!
+ * Apply query middleware
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query constructor
+ * @param {Model} model
+ */
+
+function applyQueryMiddleware(Query, model) {
+  const kareemOptions = {
+    useErrorHandlers: true,
+    numCallbackParams: 1,
+    nullResultByDefault: true
+  };
+
+  const middleware = model.hooks.filter(hook => {
+    const contexts = _getContexts(hook);
+    if (hook.name === 'updateOne') {
+      return contexts.query == null || !!contexts.query;
+    }
+    if (hook.name === 'deleteOne') {
+      return !!contexts.query || Object.keys(contexts).length === 0;
+    }
+    if (hook.name === 'validate' || hook.name === 'remove') {
+      return !!contexts.query;
+    }
+    if (hook.query != null || hook.document != null) {
+      return !!hook.query;
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+
+  // `update()` thunk has a different name because `_update` was already taken
+  Query.prototype._execUpdate = middleware.createWrapper('update',
+    Query.prototype._execUpdate, null, kareemOptions);
+  // `distinct()` thunk has a different name because `_distinct` was already taken
+  Query.prototype.__distinct = middleware.createWrapper('distinct',
+    Query.prototype.__distinct, null, kareemOptions);
+
+  // `validate()` doesn't have a thunk because it doesn't execute a query.
+  Query.prototype.validate = middleware.createWrapper('validate',
+    Query.prototype.validate, null, kareemOptions);
+
+  applyQueryMiddleware.middlewareFunctions.
+    filter(v => v !== 'update' && v !== 'distinct' && v !== 'validate').
+    forEach(fn => {
+      Query.prototype[`_${fn}`] = middleware.createWrapper(fn,
+        Query.prototype[`_${fn}`], null, kareemOptions);
+    });
+}
+
+function _getContexts(hook) {
+  const ret = {};
+  if (hook.hasOwnProperty('query')) {
+    ret.query = hook.query;
+  }
+  if (hook.hasOwnProperty('document')) {
+    ret.document = hook.document;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/castFilterPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/castFilterPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42b8460ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/castFilterPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const isOperator = require('./isOperator');
+
+module.exports = function castFilterPath(query, schematype, val) {
+  const ctx = query;
+  const any$conditionals = Object.keys(val).some(isOperator);
+
+  if (!any$conditionals) {
+    return schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+      val: val,
+      context: ctx
+    });
+  }
+
+  const ks = Object.keys(val);
+
+  let k = ks.length;
+
+  while (k--) {
+    const $cond = ks[k];
+    const nested = val[$cond];
+
+    if ($cond === '$not') {
+      if (nested && schematype && !schematype.caster) {
+        const _keys = Object.keys(nested);
+        if (_keys.length && isOperator(_keys[0])) {
+          for (const key of Object.keys(nested)) {
+            nested[key] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+              $conditional: key,
+              val: nested[key],
+              context: ctx
+            });
+          }
+        } else {
+          val[$cond] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+            $conditional: $cond,
+            val: nested,
+            context: ctx
+          });
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      // cast(schematype.caster ? schematype.caster.schema : schema, nested, options, context);
+    } else {
+      val[$cond] = schematype.castForQueryWrapper({
+        $conditional: $cond,
+        val: nested,
+        context: ctx
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return val;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/castUpdate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/castUpdate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b14efc30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/castUpdate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CastError = require('../../error/cast');
+const MongooseError = require('../../error/mongooseError');
+const StrictModeError = require('../../error/strict');
+const ValidationError = require('../../error/validation');
+const castNumber = require('../../cast/number');
+const cast = require('../../cast');
+const getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath = require('./getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath');
+const handleImmutable = require('./handleImmutable');
+const moveImmutableProperties = require('../update/moveImmutableProperties');
+const schemaMixedSymbol = require('../../schema/symbols').schemaMixedSymbol;
+const setDottedPath = require('../path/setDottedPath');
+const utils = require('../../utils');
+
+/*!
+ * Casts an update op based on the given schema
+ *
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.overwrite] defaults to false
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] defaults to true
+ * @param {Query} context passed to setters
+ * @return {Boolean} true iff the update is non-empty
+ */
+
+module.exports = function castUpdate(schema, obj, options, context, filter) {
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Update pipeline
+  if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+    const len = obj.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      const ops = Object.keys(obj[i]);
+      for (const op of ops) {
+        obj[i][op] = castPipelineOperator(op, obj[i][op]);
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  if (options.upsert) {
+    moveImmutableProperties(schema, obj, context);
+  }
+
+  const ops = Object.keys(obj);
+  let i = ops.length;
+  const ret = {};
+  let val;
+  let hasDollarKey = false;
+  const overwrite = options.overwrite;
+
+  filter = filter || {};
+
+  while (i--) {
+    const op = ops[i];
+    // if overwrite is set, don't do any of the special $set stuff
+    if (op[0] !== '$' && !overwrite) {
+      // fix up $set sugar
+      if (!ret.$set) {
+        if (obj.$set) {
+          ret.$set = obj.$set;
+        } else {
+          ret.$set = {};
+        }
+      }
+      ret.$set[op] = obj[op];
+      ops.splice(i, 1);
+      if (!~ops.indexOf('$set')) ops.push('$set');
+    } else if (op === '$set') {
+      if (!ret.$set) {
+        ret[op] = obj[op];
+      }
+    } else {
+      ret[op] = obj[op];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // cast each value
+  i = ops.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    const op = ops[i];
+    val = ret[op];
+    hasDollarKey = hasDollarKey || op.startsWith('$');
+
+    if (val &&
+        typeof val === 'object' &&
+        !Buffer.isBuffer(val) &&
+        (!overwrite || hasDollarKey)) {
+      walkUpdatePath(schema, val, op, options, context, filter);
+    } else if (overwrite && ret && typeof ret === 'object') {
+      walkUpdatePath(schema, ret, '$set', options, context, filter);
+    } else {
+      const msg = 'Invalid atomic update value for ' + op + '. '
+          + 'Expected an object, received ' + typeof val;
+      throw new Error(msg);
+    }
+
+    if (op.startsWith('$') && utils.isEmptyObject(val)) {
+      delete ret[op];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Object.keys(ret).length === 0 &&
+      options.upsert &&
+      Object.keys(filter).length > 0) {
+    // Trick the driver into allowing empty upserts to work around
+    // https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/pull/2490
+    return { $setOnInsert: filter };
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function castPipelineOperator(op, val) {
+  if (op === '$unset') {
+    if (!Array.isArray(val) || val.find(v => typeof v !== 'string')) {
+      throw new MongooseError('Invalid $unset in pipeline, must be ' +
+        'an array of strings');
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (op === '$project') {
+    if (val == null || typeof val !== 'object') {
+      throw new MongooseError('Invalid $project in pipeline, must be an object');
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (op === '$addFields' || op === '$set') {
+    if (val == null || typeof val !== 'object') {
+      throw new MongooseError('Invalid ' + op + ' in pipeline, must be an object');
+    }
+    return val;
+  } else if (op === '$replaceRoot' || op === '$replaceWith') {
+    if (val == null || typeof val !== 'object') {
+      throw new MongooseError('Invalid ' + op + ' in pipeline, must be an object');
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  throw new MongooseError('Invalid update pipeline operator: "' + op + '"');
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Walk each path of obj and cast its values
+ * according to its schema.
+ *
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} obj - part of a query
+ * @param {String} op - the atomic operator ($pull, $set, etc)
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined]
+ * @param {Query} context
+ * @param {String} pref - path prefix (internal only)
+ * @return {Bool} true if this path has keys to update
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function walkUpdatePath(schema, obj, op, options, context, filter, pref) {
+  const strict = options.strict;
+  const prefix = pref ? pref + '.' : '';
+  const keys = Object.keys(obj);
+  let i = keys.length;
+  let hasKeys = false;
+  let schematype;
+  let key;
+  let val;
+
+  let aggregatedError = null;
+
+  let useNestedStrict;
+  if (options.useNestedStrict === undefined) {
+    useNestedStrict = schema.options.useNestedStrict;
+  } else {
+    useNestedStrict = options.useNestedStrict;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    val = obj[key];
+
+    // `$pull` is special because we need to cast the RHS as a query, not as
+    // an update.
+    if (op === '$pull') {
+      schematype = schema._getSchema(prefix + key);
+      if (schematype != null && schematype.schema != null) {
+        obj[key] = cast(schematype.schema, obj[key], options, context);
+        hasKeys = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (val && val.constructor.name === 'Object') {
+      // watch for embedded doc schemas
+      schematype = schema._getSchema(prefix + key);
+
+      if (schematype == null) {
+        const _res = getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(schema, obj, filter, prefix + key, options);
+        if (_res.schematype != null) {
+          schematype = _res.schematype;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (op !== '$setOnInsert' &&
+          handleImmutable(schematype, strict, obj, key, prefix + key, context)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (schematype && schematype.caster && op in castOps) {
+        // embedded doc schema
+        if ('$each' in val) {
+          hasKeys = true;
+          try {
+            obj[key] = {
+              $each: castUpdateVal(schematype, val.$each, op, key, context, prefix + key)
+            };
+          } catch (error) {
+            aggregatedError = _handleCastError(error, context, key, aggregatedError);
+          }
+
+          if (val.$slice != null) {
+            obj[key].$slice = val.$slice | 0;
+          }
+
+          if (val.$sort) {
+            obj[key].$sort = val.$sort;
+          }
+
+          if (val.$position != null) {
+            obj[key].$position = castNumber(val.$position);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (schematype != null && schematype.$isSingleNested) {
+            // Special case to make sure `strict` bubbles down correctly to
+            // single nested re: gh-8735
+            let _strict = strict;
+            if (useNestedStrict !== false && schematype.schema.options.hasOwnProperty('strict')) {
+              _strict = schematype.schema.options.strict;
+            } else if (useNestedStrict === false) {
+              _strict = schema.options.strict;
+            }
+            try {
+              obj[key] = schematype.castForQuery(val, context, { strict: _strict });
+            } catch (error) {
+              aggregatedError = _handleCastError(error, context, key, aggregatedError);
+            }
+          } else {
+            try {
+              obj[key] = castUpdateVal(schematype, val, op, key, context, prefix + key);
+            } catch (error) {
+              aggregatedError = _handleCastError(error, context, key, aggregatedError);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (options.omitUndefined && obj[key] === void 0) {
+            delete obj[key];
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          hasKeys = true;
+        }
+      } else if ((op === '$currentDate') || (op in castOps && schematype)) {
+        // $currentDate can take an object
+        try {
+          obj[key] = castUpdateVal(schematype, val, op, key, context, prefix + key);
+        } catch (error) {
+          aggregatedError = _handleCastError(error, context, key, aggregatedError);
+        }
+
+        if (options.omitUndefined && obj[key] === void 0) {
+          delete obj[key];
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        hasKeys = true;
+      } else {
+        const pathToCheck = (prefix + key);
+        const v = schema._getPathType(pathToCheck);
+        let _strict = strict;
+        if (useNestedStrict &&
+            v &&
+            v.schema &&
+            'strict' in v.schema.options) {
+          _strict = v.schema.options.strict;
+        }
+
+        if (v.pathType === 'undefined') {
+          if (_strict === 'throw') {
+            throw new StrictModeError(pathToCheck);
+          } else if (_strict) {
+            delete obj[key];
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // gh-2314
+        // we should be able to set a schema-less field
+        // to an empty object literal
+        hasKeys |= walkUpdatePath(schema, val, op, options, context, filter, prefix + key) ||
+          (utils.isObject(val) && Object.keys(val).length === 0);
+      }
+    } else {
+      const checkPath = (key === '$each' || key === '$or' || key === '$and' || key === '$in') ?
+        pref : prefix + key;
+      schematype = schema._getSchema(checkPath);
+
+      // You can use `$setOnInsert` with immutable keys
+      if (op !== '$setOnInsert' &&
+          handleImmutable(schematype, strict, obj, key, prefix + key, context)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      let pathDetails = schema._getPathType(checkPath);
+
+      // If no schema type, check for embedded discriminators because the
+      // filter or update may imply an embedded discriminator type. See #8378
+      if (schematype == null) {
+        const _res = getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(schema, obj, filter, checkPath, options);
+        if (_res.schematype != null) {
+          schematype = _res.schematype;
+          pathDetails = _res.type;
+        }
+      }
+
+      let isStrict = strict;
+      if (useNestedStrict &&
+          pathDetails &&
+          pathDetails.schema &&
+          'strict' in pathDetails.schema.options) {
+        isStrict = pathDetails.schema.options.strict;
+      }
+
+      const skip = isStrict &&
+        !schematype &&
+        !/real|nested/.test(pathDetails.pathType);
+
+      if (skip) {
+        // Even if strict is `throw`, avoid throwing an error because of
+        // virtuals because of #6731
+        if (isStrict === 'throw' && schema.virtuals[checkPath] == null) {
+          throw new StrictModeError(prefix + key);
+        } else {
+          delete obj[key];
+        }
+      } else {
+        // gh-1845 temporary fix: ignore $rename. See gh-3027 for tracking
+        // improving this.
+        if (op === '$rename') {
+          hasKeys = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        try {
+          if (prefix.length === 0 || key.indexOf('.') === -1) {
+            obj[key] = castUpdateVal(schematype, val, op, key, context, prefix + key);
+          } else {
+            // Setting a nested dotted path that's in the schema. We don't allow paths with '.' in
+            // a schema, so replace the dotted path with a nested object to avoid ending up with
+            // dotted properties in the updated object. See (gh-10200)
+            setDottedPath(obj, key, castUpdateVal(schematype, val, op, key, context, prefix + key));
+            delete obj[key];
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          aggregatedError = _handleCastError(error, context, key, aggregatedError);
+        }
+
+        if (Array.isArray(obj[key]) && (op === '$addToSet' || op === '$push') && key !== '$each') {
+          if (schematype && schematype.caster && !schematype.caster.$isMongooseArray) {
+            obj[key] = { $each: obj[key] };
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (options.omitUndefined && obj[key] === void 0) {
+          delete obj[key];
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        hasKeys = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (aggregatedError != null) {
+    throw aggregatedError;
+  }
+
+  return hasKeys;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _handleCastError(error, query, key, aggregatedError) {
+  if (typeof query !== 'object' || !query.options.multipleCastError) {
+    throw error;
+  }
+  aggregatedError = aggregatedError || new ValidationError();
+  aggregatedError.addError(key, error);
+  return aggregatedError;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * These operators should be cast to numbers instead
+ * of their path schema type.
+ */
+
+const numberOps = {
+  $pop: 1,
+  $inc: 1
+};
+
+/*!
+ * These ops require no casting because the RHS doesn't do anything.
+ */
+
+const noCastOps = {
+  $unset: 1
+};
+
+/*!
+ * These operators require casting docs
+ * to real Documents for Update operations.
+ */
+
+const castOps = {
+  $push: 1,
+  $addToSet: 1,
+  $set: 1,
+  $setOnInsert: 1
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const overwriteOps = {
+  $set: 1,
+  $setOnInsert: 1
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Casts `val` according to `schema` and atomic `op`.
+ *
+ * @param {SchemaType} schema
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @param {String} op - the atomic operator ($pull, $set, etc)
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {Query} context
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function castUpdateVal(schema, val, op, $conditional, context, path) {
+  if (!schema) {
+    // non-existing schema path
+    if (op in numberOps) {
+      try {
+        return castNumber(val);
+      } catch (err) {
+        throw new CastError('number', val, path);
+      }
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  const cond = schema.caster && op in castOps &&
+      (utils.isObject(val) || Array.isArray(val));
+  if (cond && !overwriteOps[op]) {
+    // Cast values for ops that add data to MongoDB.
+    // Ensures embedded documents get ObjectIds etc.
+    let schemaArrayDepth = 0;
+    let cur = schema;
+    while (cur.$isMongooseArray) {
+      ++schemaArrayDepth;
+      cur = cur.caster;
+    }
+    let arrayDepth = 0;
+    let _val = val;
+    while (Array.isArray(_val)) {
+      ++arrayDepth;
+      _val = _val[0];
+    }
+
+    const additionalNesting = schemaArrayDepth - arrayDepth;
+    while (arrayDepth < schemaArrayDepth) {
+      val = [val];
+      ++arrayDepth;
+    }
+
+    let tmp = schema.applySetters(Array.isArray(val) ? val : [val], context);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < additionalNesting; ++i) {
+      tmp = tmp[0];
+    }
+    return tmp;
+  }
+
+  if (op in noCastOps) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  if (op in numberOps) {
+    // Null and undefined not allowed for $pop, $inc
+    if (val == null) {
+      throw new CastError('number', val, schema.path);
+    }
+    if (op === '$inc') {
+      // Support `$inc` with long, int32, etc. (gh-4283)
+      return schema.castForQueryWrapper({
+        val: val,
+        context: context
+      });
+    }
+    try {
+      return castNumber(val);
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new CastError('number', val, schema.path);
+    }
+  }
+  if (op === '$currentDate') {
+    if (typeof val === 'object') {
+      return { $type: val.$type };
+    }
+    return Boolean(val);
+  }
+
+  if (/^\$/.test($conditional)) {
+    return schema.castForQueryWrapper({
+      $conditional: $conditional,
+      val: val,
+      context: context
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (overwriteOps[op]) {
+    return schema.castForQueryWrapper({
+      val: val,
+      context: context,
+      $skipQueryCastForUpdate: val != null && schema.$isMongooseArray && schema.$fullPath != null && !schema.$fullPath.match(/\d+$/),
+      $applySetters: schema[schemaMixedSymbol] != null
+    });
+  }
+
+  return schema.castForQueryWrapper({ val: val, context: context });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/completeMany.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/completeMany.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdc56b72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/completeMany.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const helpers = require('../../queryhelpers');
+const immediate = require('../immediate');
+
+module.exports = completeMany;
+
+/*!
+ * Given a model and an array of docs, hydrates all the docs to be instances
+ * of the model. Used to initialize docs returned from the db from `find()`
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @param {Array} docs
+ * @param {Object} fields the projection used, including `select` from schemas
+ * @param {Object} userProvidedFields the user-specified projection
+ * @param {Object} opts
+ * @param {Array} [opts.populated]
+ * @param {ClientSession} [opts.session]
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ */
+
+function completeMany(model, docs, fields, userProvidedFields, opts, callback) {
+  const arr = [];
+  let count = docs.length;
+  const len = count;
+  let error = null;
+
+  function init(_error) {
+    if (_error != null) {
+      error = error || _error;
+    }
+    if (error != null) {
+      --count || immediate(() => callback(error));
+      return;
+    }
+    --count || immediate(() => callback(error, arr));
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    arr[i] = helpers.createModel(model, docs[i], fields, userProvidedFields);
+    try {
+      arr[i].init(docs[i], opts, init);
+    } catch (error) {
+      init(error);
+    }
+
+    if (opts.session != null) {
+      arr[i].$session(opts.session);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f3f39d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const cleanPositionalOperators = require('../schema/cleanPositionalOperators');
+const get = require('../get');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('../discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const updatedPathsByArrayFilter = require('../update/updatedPathsByArrayFilter');
+
+/*!
+ * Like `schema.path()`, except with a document, because impossible to
+ * determine path type without knowing the embedded discriminator key.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function getEmbeddedDiscriminatorPath(schema, update, filter, path, options) {
+  const parts = path.split('.');
+  let schematype = null;
+  let type = 'adhocOrUndefined';
+
+  filter = filter || {};
+  update = update || {};
+  const arrayFilters = options != null && Array.isArray(options.arrayFilters) ?
+    options.arrayFilters : [];
+  const updatedPathsByFilter = updatedPathsByArrayFilter(update);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    const subpath = cleanPositionalOperators(parts.slice(0, i + 1).join('.'));
+    schematype = schema.path(subpath);
+    if (schematype == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    type = schema.pathType(subpath);
+    if ((schematype.$isSingleNested || schematype.$isMongooseDocumentArrayElement) &&
+        schematype.schema.discriminators != null) {
+      const key = get(schematype, 'schema.options.discriminatorKey');
+      const discriminatorValuePath = subpath + '.' + key;
+      const discriminatorFilterPath =
+        discriminatorValuePath.replace(/\.\d+\./, '.');
+      let discriminatorKey = null;
+
+      if (discriminatorValuePath in filter) {
+        discriminatorKey = filter[discriminatorValuePath];
+      }
+      if (discriminatorFilterPath in filter) {
+        discriminatorKey = filter[discriminatorFilterPath];
+      }
+
+      const wrapperPath = subpath.replace(/\.\d+$/, '');
+      if (schematype.$isMongooseDocumentArrayElement &&
+          get(filter[wrapperPath], '$elemMatch.' + key) != null) {
+        discriminatorKey = filter[wrapperPath].$elemMatch[key];
+      }
+
+      if (discriminatorValuePath in update) {
+        discriminatorKey = update[discriminatorValuePath];
+      }
+
+      for (const filterKey of Object.keys(updatedPathsByFilter)) {
+        const schemaKey = updatedPathsByFilter[filterKey] + '.' + key;
+        const arrayFilterKey = filterKey + '.' + key;
+        if (schemaKey === discriminatorFilterPath) {
+          const filter = arrayFilters.find(filter => filter.hasOwnProperty(arrayFilterKey));
+          if (filter != null) {
+            discriminatorKey = filter[arrayFilterKey];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (discriminatorKey == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const discriminatorSchema = getDiscriminatorByValue(schematype.caster.discriminators, discriminatorKey).schema;
+
+      const rest = parts.slice(i + 1).join('.');
+      schematype = discriminatorSchema.path(rest);
+      if (schematype != null) {
+        type = discriminatorSchema._getPathType(rest);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { type: type, schematype: schematype };
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/handleImmutable.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/handleImmutable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22adb3c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/handleImmutable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const StrictModeError = require('../../error/strict');
+
+module.exports = function handleImmutable(schematype, strict, obj, key, fullPath, ctx) {
+  if (schematype == null || !schematype.options || !schematype.options.immutable) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  let immutable = schematype.options.immutable;
+
+  if (typeof immutable === 'function') {
+    immutable = immutable.call(ctx, ctx);
+  }
+  if (!immutable) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (strict === false) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (strict === 'throw') {
+    throw new StrictModeError(null,
+      `Field ${fullPath} is immutable and strict = 'throw'`);
+  }
+
+  delete obj[key];
+  return true;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/hasDollarKeys.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/hasDollarKeys.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..958e1c930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/hasDollarKeys.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(obj) {
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const keys = Object.keys(obj);
+  const len = keys.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (keys[i].startsWith('$')) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/isOperator.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/isOperator.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b9813920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/isOperator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const specialKeys = new Set([
+  '$ref',
+  '$id',
+  '$db'
+]);
+
+module.exports = function isOperator(path) {
+  return path.startsWith('$') && !specialKeys.has(path);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/selectPopulatedFields.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/selectPopulatedFields.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92f1d87e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/selectPopulatedFields.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const isExclusive = require('../projection/isExclusive');
+const isInclusive = require('../projection/isInclusive');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function selectPopulatedFields(fields, userProvidedFields, populateOptions) {
+  if (populateOptions == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(populateOptions);
+  userProvidedFields = userProvidedFields || {};
+  if (isInclusive(fields)) {
+    for (const path of paths) {
+      if (!isPathInFields(userProvidedFields, path)) {
+        fields[path] = 1;
+      } else if (userProvidedFields[path] === 0) {
+        delete fields[path];
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (isExclusive(fields)) {
+    for (const path of paths) {
+      if (userProvidedFields[path] == null) {
+        delete fields[path];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function isPathInFields(userProvidedFields, path) {
+  const pieces = path.split('.');
+  const len = pieces.length;
+  let cur = pieces[0];
+  for (let i = 1; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (userProvidedFields[cur] != null || userProvidedFields[cur + '.$'] != null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    cur += '.' + pieces[i];
+  }
+  return userProvidedFields[cur] != null || userProvidedFields[cur + '.$'] != null;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/wrapThunk.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/wrapThunk.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0005c330c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/query/wrapThunk.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * A query thunk is the function responsible for sending the query to MongoDB,
+ * like `Query#_findOne()` or `Query#_execUpdate()`. The `Query#exec()` function
+ * calls a thunk. The term "thunk" here is the traditional Node.js definition:
+ * a function that takes exactly 1 parameter, a callback.
+ *
+ * This function defines common behavior for all query thunks.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function wrapThunk(fn) {
+  return function _wrappedThunk(cb) {
+    ++this._executionCount;
+
+    fn.call(this, cb);
+  };
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/addAutoId.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/addAutoId.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11a1f2302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/addAutoId.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function addAutoId(schema) {
+  const _obj = { _id: { auto: true } };
+  _obj._id[schema.options.typeKey] = 'ObjectId';
+  schema.add(_obj);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/applyPlugins.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/applyPlugins.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1daf4012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/applyPlugins.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function applyPlugins(schema, plugins, options, cacheKey) {
+  if (schema[cacheKey]) {
+    return;
+  }
+  schema[cacheKey] = true;
+
+  if (!options || !options.skipTopLevel) {
+    for (const plugin of plugins) {
+      schema.plugin(plugin[0], plugin[1]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  options = Object.assign({}, options);
+  delete options.skipTopLevel;
+
+  if (options.applyPluginsToChildSchemas !== false) {
+    for (const path of Object.keys(schema.paths)) {
+      const type = schema.paths[path];
+      if (type.schema != null) {
+        applyPlugins(type.schema, plugins, options, cacheKey);
+
+        // Recompile schema because plugins may have changed it, see gh-7572
+        type.caster.prototype.$__setSchema(type.schema);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const discriminators = schema.discriminators;
+  if (discriminators == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const applyPluginsToDiscriminators = options.applyPluginsToDiscriminators;
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(discriminators);
+  for (const discriminatorKey of keys) {
+    const discriminatorSchema = discriminators[discriminatorKey];
+
+    applyPlugins(discriminatorSchema, plugins,
+      { skipTopLevel: !applyPluginsToDiscriminators }, cacheKey);
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/applyWriteConcern.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/applyWriteConcern.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4095bd94b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/applyWriteConcern.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+
+module.exports = function applyWriteConcern(schema, options) {
+  const writeConcern = get(schema, 'options.writeConcern', {});
+  if (Object.keys(writeConcern).length != 0) {
+    options.writeConcern = {};
+    if (!('w' in options) && writeConcern.w != null) {
+      options.writeConcern.w = writeConcern.w;
+    }
+    if (!('j' in options) && writeConcern.j != null) {
+      options.writeConcern.j = writeConcern.j;
+    }
+    if (!('wtimeout' in options) && writeConcern.wtimeout != null) {
+      options.writeConcern.wtimeout = writeConcern.wtimeout;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    if (!('w' in options) && writeConcern.w != null) {
+      options.w = writeConcern.w;
+    }
+    if (!('j' in options) && writeConcern.j != null) {
+      options.j = writeConcern.j;
+    }
+    if (!('wtimeout' in options) && writeConcern.wtimeout != null) {
+      options.wtimeout = writeConcern.wtimeout;
+    }
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/cleanPositionalOperators.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/cleanPositionalOperators.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..905bb7882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/cleanPositionalOperators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * For consistency's sake, we replace positional operator `$` and array filters
+ * `$[]` and `$[foo]` with `0` when looking up schema paths.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function cleanPositionalOperators(path) {
+  return path.
+    replace(/\.\$(\[[^\]]*\])?(?=\.)/g, '.0').
+    replace(/\.\$(\[[^\]]*\])?$/g, '.0');
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/getIndexes.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/getIndexes.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be907dbd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/getIndexes.js
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+const helperIsObject = require('../isObject');
+
+/*!
+ * Gather all indexes defined in the schema, including single nested,
+ * document arrays, and embedded discriminators.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function getIndexes(schema) {
+  let indexes = [];
+  const schemaStack = new WeakMap();
+  const indexTypes = schema.constructor.indexTypes;
+  const indexByName = new Map();
+
+  collectIndexes(schema);
+  return indexes;
+
+  function collectIndexes(schema, prefix, baseSchema) {
+    // Ignore infinitely nested schemas, if we've already seen this schema
+    // along this path there must be a cycle
+    if (schemaStack.has(schema)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    schemaStack.set(schema, true);
+
+    prefix = prefix || '';
+    const keys = Object.keys(schema.paths);
+
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      const path = schema.paths[key];
+      if (baseSchema != null && baseSchema.paths[key]) {
+        // If looking at an embedded discriminator schema, don't look at paths
+        // that the
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (path.$isMongooseDocumentArray || path.$isSingleNested) {
+        if (get(path, 'options.excludeIndexes') !== true &&
+            get(path, 'schemaOptions.excludeIndexes') !== true &&
+            get(path, 'schema.options.excludeIndexes') !== true) {
+          collectIndexes(path.schema, prefix + key + '.');
+        }
+
+        if (path.schema.discriminators != null) {
+          const discriminators = path.schema.discriminators;
+          const discriminatorKeys = Object.keys(discriminators);
+          for (const discriminatorKey of discriminatorKeys) {
+            collectIndexes(discriminators[discriminatorKey],
+              prefix + key + '.', path.schema);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Retained to minimize risk of backwards breaking changes due to
+        // gh-6113
+        if (path.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const index = path._index || (path.caster && path.caster._index);
+
+      if (index !== false && index !== null && index !== undefined) {
+        const field = {};
+        const isObject = helperIsObject(index);
+        const options = isObject ? index : {};
+        const type = typeof index === 'string' ? index :
+          isObject ? index.type :
+            false;
+
+        if (type && indexTypes.indexOf(type) !== -1) {
+          field[prefix + key] = type;
+        } else if (options.text) {
+          field[prefix + key] = 'text';
+          delete options.text;
+        } else {
+          const isDescendingIndex = Number(index) === -1;
+          field[prefix + key] = isDescendingIndex ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+
+        delete options.type;
+        if (!('background' in options)) {
+          options.background = true;
+        }
+        if (schema.options.autoIndex != null) {
+          options._autoIndex = schema.options.autoIndex;
+        }
+
+        const indexName = options && options.name;
+        if (typeof indexName === 'string') {
+          if (indexByName.has(indexName)) {
+            Object.assign(indexByName.get(indexName), field);
+          } else {
+            indexes.push([field, options]);
+            indexByName.set(indexName, field);
+          }
+        } else {
+          indexes.push([field, options]);
+          indexByName.set(indexName, field);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    schemaStack.delete(schema);
+
+    if (prefix) {
+      fixSubIndexPaths(schema, prefix);
+    } else {
+      schema._indexes.forEach(function(index) {
+        if (!('background' in index[1])) {
+          index[1].background = true;
+        }
+      });
+      indexes = indexes.concat(schema._indexes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * Checks for indexes added to subdocs using Schema.index().
+   * These indexes need their paths prefixed properly.
+   *
+   * schema._indexes = [ [indexObj, options], [indexObj, options] ..]
+   */
+
+  function fixSubIndexPaths(schema, prefix) {
+    const subindexes = schema._indexes;
+    const len = subindexes.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      const indexObj = subindexes[i][0];
+      const indexOptions = subindexes[i][1];
+      const keys = Object.keys(indexObj);
+      const klen = keys.length;
+      const newindex = {};
+
+      // use forward iteration, order matters
+      for (let j = 0; j < klen; ++j) {
+        const key = keys[j];
+        newindex[prefix + key] = indexObj[key];
+      }
+
+      const newIndexOptions = Object.assign({}, indexOptions);
+      if (indexOptions != null && indexOptions.partialFilterExpression != null) {
+        newIndexOptions.partialFilterExpression = {};
+        const partialFilterExpression = indexOptions.partialFilterExpression;
+        for (const key of Object.keys(partialFilterExpression)) {
+          newIndexOptions.partialFilterExpression[prefix + key] =
+            partialFilterExpression[key];
+        }
+      }
+
+      indexes.push([newindex, newIndexOptions]);
+    }
+  }
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/getPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/getPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccbc67c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/getPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Behaves like `Schema#path()`, except for it also digs into arrays without
+ * needing to put `.0.`, so `getPath(schema, 'docArr.elProp')` works.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function getPath(schema, path) {
+  let schematype = schema.path(path);
+  if (schematype != null) {
+    return schematype;
+  }
+
+  const pieces = path.split('.');
+  let cur = '';
+  let isArray = false;
+
+  for (const piece of pieces) {
+    if (/^\d+$/.test(piece) && isArray) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    cur = cur.length === 0 ? piece : cur + '.' + piece;
+
+    schematype = schema.path(cur);
+    if (schematype != null && schematype.schema) {
+      schema = schematype.schema;
+      cur = '';
+      if (schematype.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        isArray = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return schematype;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/handleIdOption.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/handleIdOption.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..569bf9f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/handleIdOption.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const addAutoId = require('./addAutoId');
+
+module.exports = function handleIdOption(schema, options) {
+  if (options == null || options._id == null) {
+    return schema;
+  }
+
+  schema = schema.clone();
+  if (!options._id) {
+    schema.remove('_id');
+    schema.options._id = false;
+  } else if (!schema.paths['_id']) {
+    addAutoId(schema);
+    schema.options._id = true;
+  }
+
+  return schema;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/handleTimestampOption.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/handleTimestampOption.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1551b7c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/handleTimestampOption.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = handleTimestampOption;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleTimestampOption(arg, prop) {
+  if (arg == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof arg === 'boolean') {
+    return prop;
+  }
+  if (typeof arg[prop] === 'boolean') {
+    return arg[prop] ? prop : null;
+  }
+  if (!(prop in arg)) {
+    return prop;
+  }
+  return arg[prop];
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/merge.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/merge.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edc5175ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schema/merge.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function merge(s1, s2, skipConflictingPaths) {
+  const paths = Object.keys(s2.tree);
+  const pathsToAdd = {};
+  for (const key of paths) {
+    if (skipConflictingPaths && (s1.paths[key] || s1.nested[key] || s1.singleNestedPaths[key])) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    pathsToAdd[key] = s2.tree[key];
+  }
+  s1.add(pathsToAdd);
+
+  s1.callQueue = s1.callQueue.concat(s2.callQueue);
+  s1.method(s2.methods);
+  s1.static(s2.statics);
+
+  for (const query in s2.query) {
+    s1.query[query] = s2.query[query];
+  }
+
+  for (const virtual in s2.virtuals) {
+    s1.virtuals[virtual] = s2.virtuals[virtual].clone();
+  }
+
+  s1.s.hooks.merge(s2.s.hooks, false);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schematype/handleImmutable.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schematype/handleImmutable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e31c4af28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/schematype/handleImmutable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const StrictModeError = require('../../error/strict');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(schematype) {
+  if (schematype.$immutable) {
+    schematype.$immutableSetter = createImmutableSetter(schematype.path,
+      schematype.options.immutable);
+    schematype.set(schematype.$immutableSetter);
+  } else if (schematype.$immutableSetter) {
+    schematype.setters = schematype.setters.
+      filter(fn => fn !== schematype.$immutableSetter);
+    delete schematype.$immutableSetter;
+  }
+};
+
+function createImmutableSetter(path, immutable) {
+  return function immutableSetter(v) {
+    if (this == null || this.$__ == null) {
+      return v;
+    }
+    if (this.isNew) {
+      return v;
+    }
+
+    const _immutable = typeof immutable === 'function' ?
+      immutable.call(this, this) :
+      immutable;
+    if (!_immutable) {
+      return v;
+    }
+
+    const _value = this.$__getValue(path);
+    if (this.$__.strictMode === 'throw' && v !== _value) {
+      throw new StrictModeError(path, 'Path `' + path + '` is immutable ' +
+        'and strict mode is set to throw.', true);
+    }
+
+    return _value;
+  };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/setDefaultsOnInsert.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/setDefaultsOnInsert.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14e3f1b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/setDefaultsOnInsert.js
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+'use strict';
+const modifiedPaths = require('./common').modifiedPaths;
+const get = require('./get');
+
+/**
+ * Applies defaults to update and findOneAndUpdate operations.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} castedDoc
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @method setDefaultsOnInsert
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(filter, schema, castedDoc, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const shouldSetDefaultsOnInsert =
+    options.setDefaultsOnInsert != null ?
+      options.setDefaultsOnInsert :
+      schema.base.options.setDefaultsOnInsert;
+
+  if (!options.upsert || !shouldSetDefaultsOnInsert) {
+    return castedDoc;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(castedDoc || {});
+  const updatedKeys = {};
+  const updatedValues = {};
+  const numKeys = keys.length;
+  const modified = {};
+
+  let hasDollarUpdate = false;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+    if (keys[i].startsWith('$')) {
+      modifiedPaths(castedDoc[keys[i]], '', modified);
+      hasDollarUpdate = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasDollarUpdate) {
+    modifiedPaths(castedDoc, '', modified);
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(filter);
+  const numPaths = paths.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < numPaths; ++i) {
+    const path = paths[i];
+    const condition = filter[path];
+    if (condition && typeof condition === 'object') {
+      const conditionKeys = Object.keys(condition);
+      const numConditionKeys = conditionKeys.length;
+      let hasDollarKey = false;
+      for (let j = 0; j < numConditionKeys; ++j) {
+        if (conditionKeys[j].startsWith('$')) {
+          hasDollarKey = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (hasDollarKey) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    updatedKeys[path] = true;
+    modified[path] = true;
+  }
+
+  if (options && options.overwrite && !hasDollarUpdate) {
+    // Defaults will be set later, since we're overwriting we'll cast
+    // the whole update to a document
+    return castedDoc;
+  }
+
+  schema.eachPath(function(path, schemaType) {
+    // Skip single nested paths if underneath a map
+    const isUnderneathMap = schemaType.path.endsWith('.$*') ||
+      schemaType.path.indexOf('.$*.') !== -1;
+    if (schemaType.$isSingleNested && !isUnderneathMap) {
+      // Only handle nested schemas 1-level deep to avoid infinite
+      // recursion re: https://github.com/mongodb-js/mongoose-autopopulate/issues/11
+      schemaType.schema.eachPath(function(_path, _schemaType) {
+        if (_path === '_id' && _schemaType.auto) {
+          // Ignore _id if auto id so we don't create subdocs
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const def = _schemaType.getDefault(null, true);
+        if (!isModified(modified, path + '.' + _path) &&
+            typeof def !== 'undefined') {
+          castedDoc = castedDoc || {};
+          castedDoc.$setOnInsert = castedDoc.$setOnInsert || {};
+          castedDoc.$setOnInsert[path + '.' + _path] = def;
+          updatedValues[path + '.' + _path] = def;
+        }
+      });
+    } else {
+      const def = schemaType.getDefault(null, true);
+      if (!isModified(modified, path) && typeof def !== 'undefined') {
+        castedDoc = castedDoc || {};
+        castedDoc.$setOnInsert = castedDoc.$setOnInsert || {};
+        if (get(castedDoc, path) == null) {
+          castedDoc.$setOnInsert[path] = def;
+        }
+        updatedValues[path] = def;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return castedDoc;
+};
+
+function isModified(modified, path) {
+  if (modified[path]) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  const sp = path.split('.');
+  let cur = sp[0];
+  for (let i = 1; i < sp.length; ++i) {
+    if (modified[cur]) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    cur += '.' + sp[i];
+  }
+  return false;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/specialProperties.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/specialProperties.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e1aca50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/specialProperties.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = new Set(['__proto__', 'constructor', 'prototype']);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/symbols.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/symbols.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d619f774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/symbols.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict';
+
+exports.arrayAtomicsSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Array#_atomics');
+exports.arrayParentSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Array#_parent');
+exports.arrayPathSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Array#_path');
+exports.arraySchemaSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Array#_schema');
+exports.documentArrayParent = Symbol('mongoose:documentArrayParent');
+exports.documentIsSelected = Symbol('mongoose#Document#isSelected');
+exports.documentIsModified = Symbol('mongoose#Document#isModified');
+exports.documentModifiedPaths = Symbol('mongoose#Document#modifiedPaths');
+exports.documentSchemaSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Document#schema');
+exports.getSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Document#get');
+exports.modelSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Model');
+exports.objectIdSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#ObjectId');
+exports.populateModelSymbol = Symbol('mongoose.PopulateOptions#Model');
+exports.schemaTypeSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#schemaType');
+exports.sessionNewDocuments = Symbol('mongoose:ClientSession#newDocuments');
+exports.scopeSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Document#scope');
+exports.validatorErrorSymbol = Symbol('mongoose:validatorError');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/timers.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/timers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bd09c741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/timers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+'use strict';
+
+exports.setTimeout = setTimeout;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/timestamps/setupTimestamps.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/timestamps/setupTimestamps.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..904485b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/timestamps/setupTimestamps.js
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const applyTimestampsToChildren = require('../update/applyTimestampsToChildren');
+const applyTimestampsToUpdate = require('../update/applyTimestampsToUpdate');
+const get = require('../get');
+const handleTimestampOption = require('../schema/handleTimestampOption');
+const symbols = require('../../schema/symbols');
+
+module.exports = function setupTimestamps(schema, timestamps) {
+  const childHasTimestamp = schema.childSchemas.find(withTimestamp);
+
+  function withTimestamp(s) {
+    const ts = s.schema.options.timestamps;
+    return !!ts;
+  }
+
+  if (!timestamps && !childHasTimestamp) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const createdAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'createdAt');
+  const updatedAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'updatedAt');
+  const currentTime = timestamps != null && timestamps.hasOwnProperty('currentTime') ?
+    timestamps.currentTime :
+    null;
+  const schemaAdditions = {};
+
+  schema.$timestamps = { createdAt: createdAt, updatedAt: updatedAt };
+
+  if (updatedAt && !schema.paths[updatedAt]) {
+    schemaAdditions[updatedAt] = Date;
+  }
+
+  if (createdAt && !schema.paths[createdAt]) {
+    schemaAdditions[createdAt] = Date;
+  }
+
+  schema.add(schemaAdditions);
+
+  schema.pre('save', function(next) {
+    const timestampOption = get(this, '$__.saveOptions.timestamps');
+    if (timestampOption === false) {
+      return next();
+    }
+
+    const skipUpdatedAt = timestampOption != null && timestampOption.updatedAt === false;
+    const skipCreatedAt = timestampOption != null && timestampOption.createdAt === false;
+
+    const defaultTimestamp = currentTime != null ?
+      currentTime() :
+      (this.ownerDocument ? this.ownerDocument() : this).constructor.base.now();
+    const auto_id = this._id && this._id.auto;
+
+    if (!skipCreatedAt && createdAt && !this.get(createdAt) && this.$__isSelected(createdAt)) {
+      this.$set(createdAt, auto_id ? this._id.getTimestamp() : defaultTimestamp);
+    }
+
+    if (!skipUpdatedAt && updatedAt && (this.isNew || this.isModified())) {
+      let ts = defaultTimestamp;
+      if (this.isNew) {
+        if (createdAt != null) {
+          ts = this.$__getValue(createdAt);
+        } else if (auto_id) {
+          ts = this._id.getTimestamp();
+        }
+      }
+      this.$set(updatedAt, ts);
+    }
+
+    next();
+  });
+
+  schema.methods.initializeTimestamps = function() {
+    const ts = currentTime != null ?
+      currentTime() :
+      this.constructor.base.now();
+    if (createdAt && !this.get(createdAt)) {
+      this.$set(createdAt, ts);
+    }
+    if (updatedAt && !this.get(updatedAt)) {
+      this.$set(updatedAt, ts);
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  _setTimestampsOnUpdate[symbols.builtInMiddleware] = true;
+
+  const opts = { query: true, model: false };
+  schema.pre('findOneAndReplace', opts, _setTimestampsOnUpdate);
+  schema.pre('findOneAndUpdate', opts, _setTimestampsOnUpdate);
+  schema.pre('replaceOne', opts, _setTimestampsOnUpdate);
+  schema.pre('update', opts, _setTimestampsOnUpdate);
+  schema.pre('updateOne', opts, _setTimestampsOnUpdate);
+  schema.pre('updateMany', opts, _setTimestampsOnUpdate);
+
+  function _setTimestampsOnUpdate(next) {
+    const now = currentTime != null ?
+      currentTime() :
+      this.model.base.now();
+
+    // Replacing with null update should still trigger timestamps
+    if (this.op === 'findOneAndReplace' && this.getUpdate() == null) {
+      this.setUpdate({});
+    }
+
+    applyTimestampsToUpdate(now, createdAt, updatedAt, this.getUpdate(),
+      this.options, this.schema);
+    applyTimestampsToChildren(now, this.getUpdate(), this.model.schema);
+    next();
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/allServersUnknown.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/allServersUnknown.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3c7b4b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/allServersUnknown.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function allServersUnknown(topologyDescription) {
+  if (topologyDescription == null ||
+      topologyDescription.constructor.name !== 'TopologyDescription') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const servers = Array.from(topologyDescription.servers.values());
+  return servers.length > 0 && servers.every(server => server.type === 'Unknown');
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/isAtlas.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/isAtlas.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bb8129e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/isAtlas.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function isAtlas(topologyDescription) {
+  if (topologyDescription == null ||
+    topologyDescription.constructor.name !== 'TopologyDescription') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const hostnames = Array.from(topologyDescription.servers.keys());
+  return hostnames.length > 0 &&
+    hostnames.every(host => host.endsWith('.mongodb.net:27017'));
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/isSSLError.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/isSSLError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61e57d1d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/topology/isSSLError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const nonSSLMessage = 'Client network socket disconnected before secure TLS ' +
+  'connection was established';
+
+module.exports = function isSSLError(topologyDescription) {
+  if (topologyDescription == null ||
+    topologyDescription.constructor.name !== 'TopologyDescription') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const descriptions = Array.from(topologyDescription.servers.values());
+  return descriptions.length > 0 &&
+    descriptions.every(descr => descr.error && descr.error.message.indexOf(nonSSLMessage) !== -1);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/applyTimestampsToChildren.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/applyTimestampsToChildren.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..680d692d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/applyTimestampsToChildren.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const cleanPositionalOperators = require('../schema/cleanPositionalOperators');
+const handleTimestampOption = require('../schema/handleTimestampOption');
+
+module.exports = applyTimestampsToChildren;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function applyTimestampsToChildren(now, update, schema) {
+  if (update == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(update);
+  const hasDollarKey = keys.some(key => key.startsWith('$'));
+
+  if (hasDollarKey) {
+    if (update.$push) {
+      for (const key of Object.keys(update.$push)) {
+        const $path = schema.path(key);
+        if (update.$push[key] &&
+            $path &&
+            $path.$isMongooseDocumentArray &&
+            $path.schema.options.timestamps) {
+          const timestamps = $path.schema.options.timestamps;
+          const createdAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'createdAt');
+          const updatedAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'updatedAt');
+          if (update.$push[key].$each) {
+            update.$push[key].$each.forEach(function(subdoc) {
+              if (updatedAt != null) {
+                subdoc[updatedAt] = now;
+              }
+              if (createdAt != null) {
+                subdoc[createdAt] = now;
+              }
+            });
+          } else {
+            if (updatedAt != null) {
+              update.$push[key][updatedAt] = now;
+            }
+            if (createdAt != null) {
+              update.$push[key][createdAt] = now;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (update.$set != null) {
+      const keys = Object.keys(update.$set);
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        applyTimestampsToUpdateKey(schema, key, update.$set, now);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const updateKeys = Object.keys(update).filter(key => !key.startsWith('$'));
+  for (const key of updateKeys) {
+    applyTimestampsToUpdateKey(schema, key, update, now);
+  }
+}
+
+function applyTimestampsToDocumentArray(arr, schematype, now) {
+  const timestamps = schematype.schema.options.timestamps;
+
+  if (!timestamps) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const len = arr.length;
+
+  const createdAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'createdAt');
+  const updatedAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'updatedAt');
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (updatedAt != null) {
+      arr[i][updatedAt] = now;
+    }
+    if (createdAt != null) {
+      arr[i][createdAt] = now;
+    }
+
+    applyTimestampsToChildren(now, arr[i], schematype.schema);
+  }
+}
+
+function applyTimestampsToSingleNested(subdoc, schematype, now) {
+  const timestamps = schematype.schema.options.timestamps;
+  if (!timestamps) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const createdAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'createdAt');
+  const updatedAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'updatedAt');
+  if (updatedAt != null) {
+    subdoc[updatedAt] = now;
+  }
+  if (createdAt != null) {
+    subdoc[createdAt] = now;
+  }
+
+  applyTimestampsToChildren(now, subdoc, schematype.schema);
+}
+
+function applyTimestampsToUpdateKey(schema, key, update, now) {
+  // Replace positional operator `$` and array filters `$[]` and `$[.*]`
+  const keyToSearch = cleanPositionalOperators(key);
+  const path = schema.path(keyToSearch);
+  if (!path) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const parentSchemaTypes = [];
+  const pieces = keyToSearch.split('.');
+  for (let i = pieces.length - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+    const s = schema.path(pieces.slice(0, i).join('.'));
+    if (s != null &&
+      (s.$isMongooseDocumentArray || s.$isSingleNested)) {
+      parentSchemaTypes.push({ parentPath: key.split('.').slice(0, i).join('.'), parentSchemaType: s });
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(update[key]) && path.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+    applyTimestampsToDocumentArray(update[key], path, now);
+  } else if (update[key] && path.$isSingleNested) {
+    applyTimestampsToSingleNested(update[key], path, now);
+  } else if (parentSchemaTypes.length > 0) {
+    for (const item of parentSchemaTypes) {
+      const parentPath = item.parentPath;
+      const parentSchemaType = item.parentSchemaType;
+      const timestamps = parentSchemaType.schema.options.timestamps;
+      const updatedAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'updatedAt');
+
+      if (!timestamps || updatedAt == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (parentSchemaType.$isSingleNested) {
+        // Single nested is easy
+        update[parentPath + '.' + updatedAt] = now;
+      } else if (parentSchemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        let childPath = key.substr(parentPath.length + 1);
+
+        if (/^\d+$/.test(childPath)) {
+          update[parentPath + '.' + childPath][updatedAt] = now;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        const firstDot = childPath.indexOf('.');
+        childPath = firstDot !== -1 ? childPath.substr(0, firstDot) : childPath;
+
+        update[parentPath + '.' + childPath + '.' + updatedAt] = now;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (path.schema != null && path.schema != schema && update[key]) {
+    const timestamps = path.schema.options.timestamps;
+    const createdAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'createdAt');
+    const updatedAt = handleTimestampOption(timestamps, 'updatedAt');
+
+    if (!timestamps) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (updatedAt != null) {
+      update[key][updatedAt] = now;
+    }
+    if (createdAt != null) {
+      update[key][createdAt] = now;
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/applyTimestampsToUpdate.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/applyTimestampsToUpdate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27d6e32ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/applyTimestampsToUpdate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const get = require('../get');
+
+module.exports = applyTimestampsToUpdate;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function applyTimestampsToUpdate(now, createdAt, updatedAt, currentUpdate, options) {
+  const updates = currentUpdate;
+  let _updates = updates;
+  const overwrite = get(options, 'overwrite', false);
+  const timestamps = get(options, 'timestamps', true);
+
+  // Support skipping timestamps at the query level, see gh-6980
+  if (!timestamps || updates == null) {
+    return currentUpdate;
+  }
+
+  const skipCreatedAt = timestamps != null && timestamps.createdAt === false;
+  const skipUpdatedAt = timestamps != null && timestamps.updatedAt === false;
+
+  if (overwrite) {
+    if (currentUpdate && currentUpdate.$set) {
+      currentUpdate = currentUpdate.$set;
+      updates.$set = {};
+      _updates = updates.$set;
+    }
+    if (!skipUpdatedAt && updatedAt && !currentUpdate[updatedAt]) {
+      _updates[updatedAt] = now;
+    }
+    if (!skipCreatedAt && createdAt && !currentUpdate[createdAt]) {
+      _updates[createdAt] = now;
+    }
+    return updates;
+  }
+  currentUpdate = currentUpdate || {};
+
+  if (Array.isArray(updates)) {
+    // Update with aggregation pipeline
+    updates.push({ $set: { updatedAt: now } });
+
+    return updates;
+  }
+
+  updates.$set = updates.$set || {};
+  if (!skipUpdatedAt && updatedAt &&
+      (!currentUpdate.$currentDate || !currentUpdate.$currentDate[updatedAt])) {
+    let timestampSet = false;
+    if (updatedAt.indexOf('.') !== -1) {
+      const pieces = updatedAt.split('.');
+      for (let i = 1; i < pieces.length; ++i) {
+        const remnant = pieces.slice(-i).join('.');
+        const start = pieces.slice(0, -i).join('.');
+        if (currentUpdate[start] != null) {
+          currentUpdate[start][remnant] = now;
+          timestampSet = true;
+          break;
+        } else if (currentUpdate.$set && currentUpdate.$set[start]) {
+          currentUpdate.$set[start][remnant] = now;
+          timestampSet = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!timestampSet) {
+      updates.$set[updatedAt] = now;
+    }
+
+    if (updates.hasOwnProperty(updatedAt)) {
+      delete updates[updatedAt];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!skipCreatedAt && createdAt) {
+    if (currentUpdate[createdAt]) {
+      delete currentUpdate[createdAt];
+    }
+    if (currentUpdate.$set && currentUpdate.$set[createdAt]) {
+      delete currentUpdate.$set[createdAt];
+    }
+
+    let timestampSet = false;
+    if (createdAt.indexOf('.') !== -1) {
+      const pieces = createdAt.split('.');
+      for (let i = 1; i < pieces.length; ++i) {
+        const remnant = pieces.slice(-i).join('.');
+        const start = pieces.slice(0, -i).join('.');
+        if (currentUpdate[start] != null) {
+          currentUpdate[start][remnant] = now;
+          timestampSet = true;
+          break;
+        } else if (currentUpdate.$set && currentUpdate.$set[start]) {
+          currentUpdate.$set[start][remnant] = now;
+          timestampSet = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!timestampSet) {
+      updates.$setOnInsert = updates.$setOnInsert || {};
+      updates.$setOnInsert[createdAt] = now;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Object.keys(updates.$set).length === 0) {
+    delete updates.$set;
+  }
+
+  return updates;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/castArrayFilters.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/castArrayFilters.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9992f2a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/castArrayFilters.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const castFilterPath = require('../query/castFilterPath');
+const cleanPositionalOperators = require('../schema/cleanPositionalOperators');
+const getPath = require('../schema/getPath');
+const updatedPathsByArrayFilter = require('./updatedPathsByArrayFilter');
+
+module.exports = function castArrayFilters(query) {
+  const arrayFilters = query.options.arrayFilters;
+  if (!Array.isArray(arrayFilters)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const update = query.getUpdate();
+  const schema = query.schema;
+  const strictQuery = schema.options.strictQuery;
+
+  const updatedPathsByFilter = updatedPathsByArrayFilter(update);
+
+  for (const filter of arrayFilters) {
+    if (filter == null) {
+      throw new Error(`Got null array filter in ${arrayFilters}`);
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(filter)) {
+      if (filter[key] == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const dot = key.indexOf('.');
+      let filterPath = dot === -1 ?
+        updatedPathsByFilter[key] + '.0' :
+        updatedPathsByFilter[key.substr(0, dot)] + '.0' + key.substr(dot);
+
+      if (filterPath == null) {
+        throw new Error(`Filter path not found for ${key}`);
+      }
+
+      // If there are multiple array filters in the path being updated, make sure
+      // to replace them so we can get the schema path.
+      filterPath = cleanPositionalOperators(filterPath);
+
+      const schematype = getPath(schema, filterPath);
+      if (schematype == null) {
+        if (!strictQuery) {
+          return;
+        }
+        // For now, treat `strictQuery = true` and `strictQuery = 'throw'` as
+        // equivalent for casting array filters. `strictQuery = true` doesn't
+        // quite work in this context because we never want to silently strip out
+        // array filters, even if the path isn't in the schema.
+        throw new Error(`Could not find path "${filterPath}" in schema`);
+      }
+      if (typeof filter[key] === 'object') {
+        filter[key] = castFilterPath(query, schematype, filter[key]);
+      } else {
+        filter[key] = schematype.castForQuery(filter[key]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/modifiedPaths.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/modifiedPaths.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cb567d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/modifiedPaths.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const _modifiedPaths = require('../common').modifiedPaths;
+
+/**
+ * Given an update document with potential update operators (`$set`, etc.)
+ * returns an object whose keys are the directly modified paths.
+ *
+ * If there are any top-level keys that don't start with `$`, we assume those
+ * will get wrapped in a `$set`. The Mongoose Query is responsible for wrapping
+ * top-level keys in `$set`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} update
+ * @return {Object} modified
+ */
+
+module.exports = function modifiedPaths(update) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(update);
+  const res = {};
+
+  const withoutDollarKeys = {};
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    if (key.startsWith('$')) {
+      _modifiedPaths(update[key], '', res);
+      continue;
+    }
+    withoutDollarKeys[key] = update[key];
+  }
+
+  _modifiedPaths(withoutDollarKeys, '', res);
+
+  return res;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/moveImmutableProperties.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/moveImmutableProperties.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8541c5bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/moveImmutableProperties.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const get = require('../get');
+
+/**
+ * Given an update, move all $set on immutable properties to $setOnInsert.
+ * This should only be called for upserts, because $setOnInsert bypasses the
+ * strictness check for immutable properties.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function moveImmutableProperties(schema, update, ctx) {
+  if (update == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(update);
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    const isDollarKey = key.startsWith('$');
+
+    if (key === '$set') {
+      const updatedPaths = Object.keys(update[key]);
+      for (const path of updatedPaths) {
+        _walkUpdatePath(schema, update[key], path, update, ctx);
+      }
+    } else if (!isDollarKey) {
+      _walkUpdatePath(schema, update, key, update, ctx);
+    }
+
+  }
+};
+
+function _walkUpdatePath(schema, op, path, update, ctx) {
+  const schematype = schema.path(path);
+  if (schematype == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let immutable = get(schematype, 'options.immutable', null);
+  if (immutable == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (typeof immutable === 'function') {
+    immutable = immutable.call(ctx, ctx);
+  }
+
+  if (!immutable) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  update.$setOnInsert = update.$setOnInsert || {};
+  update.$setOnInsert[path] = op[path];
+  delete op[path];
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/removeUnusedArrayFilters.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/removeUnusedArrayFilters.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d46062852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/removeUnusedArrayFilters.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * MongoDB throws an error if there's unused array filters. That is, if `options.arrayFilters` defines
+ * a filter, but none of the `update` keys use it. This should be enough to filter out all unused array
+ * filters.
+ */
+
+module.exports = function removeUnusedArrayFilters(update, arrayFilters) {
+  const updateKeys = Object.keys(update).map(key => Object.keys(update[key])).reduce((cur, arr) => cur.concat(arr), []);
+  return arrayFilters.filter(obj => {
+    const firstKey = Object.keys(obj)[0];
+    const firstDot = firstKey.indexOf('.');
+    const arrayFilterKey = firstDot === -1 ? firstKey : firstKey.slice(0, firstDot);
+
+    return updateKeys.find(key => key.includes('$[' + arrayFilterKey + ']')) != null;
+  });
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/updatedPathsByArrayFilter.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/updatedPathsByArrayFilter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cbae2984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/update/updatedPathsByArrayFilter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const modifiedPaths = require('./modifiedPaths');
+
+module.exports = function updatedPathsByArrayFilter(update) {
+  const updatedPaths = modifiedPaths(update);
+
+  return Object.keys(updatedPaths).reduce((cur, path) => {
+    const matches = path.match(/\$\[[^\]]+\]/g);
+    if (matches == null) {
+      return cur;
+    }
+    for (const match of matches) {
+      const firstMatch = path.indexOf(match);
+      if (firstMatch !== path.lastIndexOf(match)) {
+        throw new Error(`Path '${path}' contains the same array filter multiple times`);
+      }
+      cur[match.substring(2, match.length - 1)] = path.
+        substr(0, firstMatch - 1).
+        replace(/\$\[[^\]]+\]/g, '0');
+    }
+    return cur;
+  }, {});
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/updateValidators.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/updateValidators.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aeea63445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/updateValidators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const ValidationError = require('../error/validation');
+const cleanPositionalOperators = require('./schema/cleanPositionalOperators');
+const flatten = require('./common').flatten;
+const modifiedPaths = require('./common').modifiedPaths;
+
+/**
+ * Applies validators and defaults to update and findOneAndUpdate operations,
+ * specifically passing a null doc as `this` to validators and defaults
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} castedDoc
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @method runValidatorsOnUpdate
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(query, schema, castedDoc, options, callback) {
+  let _keys;
+  const keys = Object.keys(castedDoc || {});
+  let updatedKeys = {};
+  let updatedValues = {};
+  const isPull = {};
+  const arrayAtomicUpdates = {};
+  const numKeys = keys.length;
+  let hasDollarUpdate = false;
+  const modified = {};
+  let currentUpdate;
+  let key;
+  let i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+    if (keys[i].startsWith('$')) {
+      hasDollarUpdate = true;
+      if (keys[i] === '$push' || keys[i] === '$addToSet') {
+        _keys = Object.keys(castedDoc[keys[i]]);
+        for (let ii = 0; ii < _keys.length; ++ii) {
+          currentUpdate = castedDoc[keys[i]][_keys[ii]];
+          if (currentUpdate && currentUpdate.$each) {
+            arrayAtomicUpdates[_keys[ii]] = (arrayAtomicUpdates[_keys[ii]] || []).
+              concat(currentUpdate.$each);
+          } else {
+            arrayAtomicUpdates[_keys[ii]] = (arrayAtomicUpdates[_keys[ii]] || []).
+              concat([currentUpdate]);
+          }
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      modifiedPaths(castedDoc[keys[i]], '', modified);
+      const flat = flatten(castedDoc[keys[i]], null, null, schema);
+      const paths = Object.keys(flat);
+      const numPaths = paths.length;
+      for (let j = 0; j < numPaths; ++j) {
+        const updatedPath = cleanPositionalOperators(paths[j]);
+        key = keys[i];
+        // With `$pull` we might flatten `$in`. Skip stuff nested under `$in`
+        // for the rest of the logic, it will get handled later.
+        if (updatedPath.includes('$')) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (key === '$set' || key === '$setOnInsert' ||
+            key === '$pull' || key === '$pullAll') {
+          updatedValues[updatedPath] = flat[paths[j]];
+          isPull[updatedPath] = key === '$pull' || key === '$pullAll';
+        } else if (key === '$unset') {
+          updatedValues[updatedPath] = undefined;
+        }
+        updatedKeys[updatedPath] = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasDollarUpdate) {
+    modifiedPaths(castedDoc, '', modified);
+    updatedValues = flatten(castedDoc, null, null, schema);
+    updatedKeys = Object.keys(updatedValues);
+  }
+
+  const updates = Object.keys(updatedValues);
+  const numUpdates = updates.length;
+  const validatorsToExecute = [];
+  const validationErrors = [];
+
+  const alreadyValidated = [];
+
+  const context = options && options.context === 'query' ? query : null;
+  function iter(i, v) {
+    const schemaPath = schema._getSchema(updates[i]);
+    if (schemaPath == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (schemaPath.instance === 'Mixed' && schemaPath.path !== updates[i]) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (v && Array.isArray(v.$in)) {
+      v.$in.forEach((v, i) => {
+        validatorsToExecute.push(function(callback) {
+          schemaPath.doValidate(
+            v,
+            function(err) {
+              if (err) {
+                err.path = updates[i] + '.$in.' + i;
+                validationErrors.push(err);
+              }
+              callback(null);
+            },
+            context,
+            { updateValidator: true });
+        });
+      });
+    } else {
+      if (isPull[updates[i]] &&
+          schemaPath.$isMongooseArray) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (schemaPath.$isMongooseDocumentArrayElement && v != null && v.$__ != null) {
+        alreadyValidated.push(updates[i]);
+        validatorsToExecute.push(function(callback) {
+          schemaPath.doValidate(v, function(err) {
+            if (err) {
+              err.path = updates[i];
+              validationErrors.push(err);
+              return callback(null);
+            }
+
+            v.validate(function(err) {
+              if (err) {
+                if (err.errors) {
+                  for (const key of Object.keys(err.errors)) {
+                    const _err = err.errors[key];
+                    _err.path = updates[i] + '.' + key;
+                    validationErrors.push(_err);
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  err.path = updates[i];
+                  validationErrors.push(err);
+                }
+              }
+              callback(null);
+            });
+          }, context, { updateValidator: true });
+        });
+      } else {
+        validatorsToExecute.push(function(callback) {
+          for (const path of alreadyValidated) {
+            if (updates[i].startsWith(path + '.')) {
+              return callback(null);
+            }
+          }
+
+          schemaPath.doValidate(v, function(err) {
+            if (schemaPath.schema != null &&
+                schemaPath.schema.options.storeSubdocValidationError === false &&
+                err instanceof ValidationError) {
+              return callback(null);
+            }
+
+            if (err) {
+              err.path = updates[i];
+              validationErrors.push(err);
+            }
+            callback(null);
+          }, context, { updateValidator: true });
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < numUpdates; ++i) {
+    iter(i, updatedValues[updates[i]]);
+  }
+
+  const arrayUpdates = Object.keys(arrayAtomicUpdates);
+  for (const arrayUpdate of arrayUpdates) {
+    let schemaPath = schema._getSchema(arrayUpdate);
+    if (schemaPath && schemaPath.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      validatorsToExecute.push(function(callback) {
+        schemaPath.doValidate(
+          arrayAtomicUpdates[arrayUpdate],
+          getValidationCallback(arrayUpdate, validationErrors, callback),
+          options && options.context === 'query' ? query : null);
+      });
+    } else {
+      schemaPath = schema._getSchema(arrayUpdate + '.0');
+      for (const atomicUpdate of arrayAtomicUpdates[arrayUpdate]) {
+        validatorsToExecute.push(function(callback) {
+          schemaPath.doValidate(
+            atomicUpdate,
+            getValidationCallback(arrayUpdate, validationErrors, callback),
+            options && options.context === 'query' ? query : null,
+            { updateValidator: true });
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (callback != null) {
+    let numValidators = validatorsToExecute.length;
+    if (numValidators === 0) {
+      return _done(callback);
+    }
+    for (const validator of validatorsToExecute) {
+      validator(function() {
+        if (--numValidators <= 0) {
+          _done(callback);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  return function(callback) {
+    let numValidators = validatorsToExecute.length;
+    if (numValidators === 0) {
+      return _done(callback);
+    }
+    for (const validator of validatorsToExecute) {
+      validator(function() {
+        if (--numValidators <= 0) {
+          _done(callback);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  function _done(callback) {
+    if (validationErrors.length) {
+      const err = new ValidationError(null);
+
+      for (const validationError of validationErrors) {
+        err.addError(validationError.path, validationError);
+      }
+
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+    callback(null);
+  }
+
+  function getValidationCallback(arrayUpdate, validationErrors, callback) {
+    return function(err) {
+      if (err) {
+        err.path = arrayUpdate;
+        validationErrors.push(err);
+      }
+      callback(null);
+    };
+  }
+};
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff42be3be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1160 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+if (global.MONGOOSE_DRIVER_PATH) {
+  const deprecationWarning = 'The `MONGOOSE_DRIVER_PATH` global property is ' +
+    'deprecated. Use `mongoose.driver.set()` instead.';
+  const setDriver = require('util').deprecate(function() {
+    require('./driver').set(require(global.MONGOOSE_DRIVER_PATH));
+  }, deprecationWarning);
+  setDriver();
+} else {
+  require('./driver').set(require('./drivers/node-mongodb-native'));
+}
+
+const Document = require('./document');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const Schema = require('./schema');
+const SchemaType = require('./schematype');
+const SchemaTypes = require('./schema/index');
+const VirtualType = require('./virtualtype');
+const STATES = require('./connectionstate');
+const VALID_OPTIONS = require('./validoptions');
+const Types = require('./types');
+const Query = require('./query');
+const Model = require('./model');
+const applyPlugins = require('./helpers/schema/applyPlugins');
+const driver = require('./driver');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('./helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const legacyPluralize = require('mongoose-legacy-pluralize');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+const pkg = require('../package.json');
+const cast = require('./cast');
+const removeSubdocs = require('./plugins/removeSubdocs');
+const saveSubdocs = require('./plugins/saveSubdocs');
+const trackTransaction = require('./plugins/trackTransaction');
+const validateBeforeSave = require('./plugins/validateBeforeSave');
+
+const Aggregate = require('./aggregate');
+const PromiseProvider = require('./promise_provider');
+const shardingPlugin = require('./plugins/sharding');
+
+const defaultMongooseSymbol = Symbol.for('mongoose:default');
+
+require('./helpers/printJestWarning');
+
+/**
+ * Mongoose constructor.
+ *
+ * The exports object of the `mongoose` module is an instance of this class.
+ * Most apps will only use this one instance.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     mongoose instanceof mongoose.Mongoose; // true
+ *
+ *     // Create a new Mongoose instance with its own `connect()`, `set()`, `model()`, etc.
+ *     const m = new mongoose.Mongoose();
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {Object} options see [`Mongoose#set()` docs](/docs/api/mongoose.html#mongoose_Mongoose-set)
+ */
+function Mongoose(options) {
+  this.connections = [];
+  this.models = {};
+  this.modelSchemas = {};
+  this.events = new EventEmitter();
+  // default global options
+  this.options = Object.assign({
+    pluralization: true,
+    autoIndex: true,
+    useCreateIndex: false
+  }, options);
+  const conn = this.createConnection(); // default connection
+  conn.models = this.models;
+
+  if (this.options.pluralization) {
+    this._pluralize = legacyPluralize;
+  }
+
+  // If a user creates their own Mongoose instance, give them a separate copy
+  // of the `Schema` constructor so they get separate custom types. (gh-6933)
+  if (!options || !options[defaultMongooseSymbol]) {
+    const _this = this;
+    this.Schema = function() {
+      this.base = _this;
+      return Schema.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+    this.Schema.prototype = Object.create(Schema.prototype);
+
+    Object.assign(this.Schema, Schema);
+    this.Schema.base = this;
+    this.Schema.Types = Object.assign({}, Schema.Types);
+  } else {
+    // Hack to work around babel's strange behavior with
+    // `import mongoose, { Schema } from 'mongoose'`. Because `Schema` is not
+    // an own property of a Mongoose global, Schema will be undefined. See gh-5648
+    for (const key of ['Schema', 'model']) {
+      this[key] = Mongoose.prototype[key];
+    }
+  }
+  this.Schema.prototype.base = this;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'plugins', {
+    configurable: false,
+    enumerable: true,
+    writable: false,
+    value: [
+      [saveSubdocs, { deduplicate: true }],
+      [validateBeforeSave, { deduplicate: true }],
+      [shardingPlugin, { deduplicate: true }],
+      [removeSubdocs, { deduplicate: true }],
+      [trackTransaction, { deduplicate: true }]
+    ]
+  });
+}
+Mongoose.prototype.cast = cast;
+/**
+ * Expose connection states for user-land
+ *
+ * @memberOf Mongoose
+ * @property STATES
+ * @api public
+ */
+Mongoose.prototype.STATES = STATES;
+
+/**
+ * Object with `get()` and `set()` containing the underlying driver this Mongoose instance
+ * uses to communicate with the database. A driver is a Mongoose-specific interface that defines functions
+ * like `find()`.
+ *
+ * @memberOf Mongoose
+ * @property driver
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.driver = driver;
+
+/**
+ * Sets mongoose options
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mongoose.set('test', value) // sets the 'test' option to `value`
+ *
+ *     mongoose.set('debug', true) // enable logging collection methods + arguments to the console/file
+ *
+ *     mongoose.set('debug', function(collectionName, methodName, ...methodArgs) {}); // use custom function to log collection methods + arguments
+ *
+ * Currently supported options are:
+ * - 'debug': If `true`, prints the operations mongoose sends to MongoDB to the console. If a writable stream is passed, it will log to that stream, without colorization. If a callback function is passed, it will receive the collection name, the method name, then all arugments passed to the method. For example, if you wanted to replicate the default logging, you could output from the callback `Mongoose: ${collectionName}.${methodName}(${methodArgs.join(', ')})`.
+ * - 'returnOriginal': If `false`, changes the default `returnOriginal` option to `findOneAndUpdate()`, `findByIdAndUpdate`, and `findOneAndReplace()` to false. This is equivalent to setting the `new` option to `true` for `findOneAndX()` calls by default. Read our [`findOneAndUpdate()` tutorial](/docs/tutorials/findoneandupdate.html) for more information.
+ * - 'bufferCommands': enable/disable mongoose's buffering mechanism for all connections and models
+ * - 'useCreateIndex': false by default. Set to `true` to make Mongoose's default index build use `createIndex()` instead of `ensureIndex()` to avoid deprecation warnings from the MongoDB driver.
+ * - 'useFindAndModify': true by default. Set to `false` to make `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndRemove()` use native `findOneAndUpdate()` rather than `findAndModify()`.
+ * - 'useNewUrlParser': false by default. Set to `true` to make all connections set the `useNewUrlParser` option by default
+ * - 'useUnifiedTopology': false by default. Set to `true` to make all connections set the `useUnifiedTopology` option by default
+ * - 'cloneSchemas': false by default. Set to `true` to `clone()` all schemas before compiling into a model.
+ * - 'applyPluginsToDiscriminators': false by default. Set to true to apply global plugins to discriminator schemas. This typically isn't necessary because plugins are applied to the base schema and discriminators copy all middleware, methods, statics, and properties from the base schema.
+ * - 'applyPluginsToChildSchemas': true by default. Set to false to skip applying global plugins to child schemas
+ * - 'objectIdGetter': true by default. Mongoose adds a getter to MongoDB ObjectId's called `_id` that returns `this` for convenience with populate. Set this to false to remove the getter.
+ * - 'runValidators': false by default. Set to true to enable [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) for all validators by default.
+ * - 'toObject': `{ transform: true, flattenDecimals: true }` by default. Overwrites default objects to [`toObject()`](/docs/api.html#document_Document-toObject)
+ * - 'toJSON': `{ transform: true, flattenDecimals: true }` by default. Overwrites default objects to [`toJSON()`](/docs/api.html#document_Document-toJSON), for determining how Mongoose documents get serialized by `JSON.stringify()`
+ * - 'strict': true by default, may be `false`, `true`, or `'throw'`. Sets the default strict mode for schemas.
+ * - 'strictQuery': false by default, may be `false`, `true`, or `'throw'`. Sets the default [strictQuery](/docs/guide.html#strictQuery) mode for schemas.
+ * - 'selectPopulatedPaths': true by default. Set to false to opt out of Mongoose adding all fields that you `populate()` to your `select()`. The schema-level option `selectPopulatedPaths` overwrites this one.
+ * - 'typePojoToMixed': true by default, may be `false` or `true`. Sets the default typePojoToMixed for schemas.
+ * - 'maxTimeMS': If set, attaches [maxTimeMS](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/meta/maxTimeMS/) to every query
+ * - 'autoIndex': true by default. Set to false to disable automatic index creation for all models associated with this Mongoose instance.
+ * - 'autoCreate': Set to `true` to make Mongoose call [`Model.createCollection()`](/docs/api/model.html#model_Model.createCollection) automatically when you create a model with `mongoose.model()` or `conn.model()`. This is useful for testing transactions, change streams, and other features that require the collection to exist.
+ * - 'overwriteModels': Set to `true` to default to overwriting models with the same name when calling `mongoose.model()`, as opposed to throwing an `OverwriteModelError`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {String|Function|Boolean} value
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.set = function(key, value) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  if (VALID_OPTIONS.indexOf(key) === -1) throw new Error(`\`${key}\` is an invalid option.`);
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    return _mongoose.options[key];
+  }
+
+  _mongoose.options[key] = value;
+
+  if (key === 'objectIdGetter') {
+    if (value) {
+      Object.defineProperty(mongoose.Types.ObjectId.prototype, '_id', {
+        enumerable: false,
+        configurable: true,
+        get: function() {
+          return this;
+        }
+      });
+    } else {
+      delete mongoose.Types.ObjectId.prototype._id;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return _mongoose;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets mongoose options
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mongoose.get('test') // returns the 'test' value
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @method get
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.get = Mongoose.prototype.set;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Connection instance.
+ *
+ * Each `connection` instance maps to a single database. This method is helpful when managing multiple db connections.
+ *
+ *
+ * _Options passed take precedence over options included in connection strings._
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // with mongodb:// URI
+ *     db = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port/database');
+ *
+ *     // and options
+ *     const opts = { db: { native_parser: true }}
+ *     db = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port/database', opts);
+ *
+ *     // replica sets
+ *     db = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port,anotherhost:port,yetanother:port/database');
+ *
+ *     // and options
+ *     const opts = { replset: { strategy: 'ping', rs_name: 'testSet' }}
+ *     db = mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port,anotherhost:port,yetanother:port/database', opts);
+ *
+ *     // and options
+ *     const opts = { server: { auto_reconnect: false }, user: 'username', pass: 'mypassword' }
+ *     db = mongoose.createConnection('localhost', 'database', port, opts)
+ *
+ *     // initialize now, connect later
+ *     db = mongoose.createConnection();
+ *     db.openUri('localhost', 'database', port, [opts]);
+ *
+ * @param {String} [uri] a mongodb:// URI
+ * @param {Object} [options] passed down to the [MongoDB driver's `connect()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.0/api/MongoClient.html), except for 4 mongoose-specific options explained below.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.bufferCommands=true] Mongoose specific option. Set to false to [disable buffering](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/faq.html#callback_never_executes) on all models associated with this connection.
+ * @param {String} [options.dbName] The name of the database you want to use. If not provided, Mongoose uses the database name from connection string.
+ * @param {String} [options.user] username for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.user`. Maintained for backwards compatibility.
+ * @param {String} [options.pass] password for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.password`. Maintained for backwards compatibility.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.autoIndex=true] Mongoose-specific option. Set to false to disable automatic index creation for all models associated with this connection.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useNewUrlParser=false] False by default. Set to `true` to make all connections set the `useNewUrlParser` option by default.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useUnifiedTopology=false] False by default. Set to `true` to make all connections set the `useUnifiedTopology` option by default.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useCreateIndex=true] Mongoose-specific option. If `true`, this connection will use [`createIndex()` instead of `ensureIndex()`](/docs/deprecations.html#ensureindex) for automatic index builds via [`Model.init()`](/docs/api.html#model_Model.init).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useFindAndModify=true] True by default. Set to `false` to make `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndRemove()` use native `findOneAndUpdate()` rather than `findAndModify()`.
+ * @param {Number} [options.reconnectTries=30] If you're connected to a single server or mongos proxy (as opposed to a replica set), the MongoDB driver will try to reconnect every `reconnectInterval` milliseconds for `reconnectTries` times, and give up afterward. When the driver gives up, the mongoose connection emits a `reconnectFailed` event. This option does nothing for replica set connections.
+ * @param {Number} [options.reconnectInterval=1000] See `reconnectTries` option above.
+ * @param {Class} [options.promiseLibrary] Sets the [underlying driver's promise library](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/MongoClient.html).
+ * @param {Number} [options.poolSize=5] The maximum number of sockets the MongoDB driver will keep open for this connection. By default, `poolSize` is 5. Keep in mind that, as of MongoDB 3.4, MongoDB only allows one operation per socket at a time, so you may want to increase this if you find you have a few slow queries that are blocking faster queries from proceeding. See [Slow Trains in MongoDB and Node.js](http://thecodebarbarian.com/slow-trains-in-mongodb-and-nodejs).
+ * @param {Number} [options.bufferMaxEntries] This option does nothing if `useUnifiedTopology` is set. The MongoDB driver also has its own buffering mechanism that kicks in when the driver is disconnected. Set this option to 0 and set `bufferCommands` to `false` on your schemas if you want your database operations to fail immediately when the driver is not connected, as opposed to waiting for reconnection.
+ * @param {Number} [options.connectTimeoutMS=30000] How long the MongoDB driver will wait before killing a socket due to inactivity _during initial connection_. Defaults to 30000. This option is passed transparently to [Node.js' `socket#setTimeout()` function](https://nodejs.org/api/net.html#net_socket_settimeout_timeout_callback).
+ * @param {Number} [options.socketTimeoutMS=30000] How long the MongoDB driver will wait before killing a socket due to inactivity _after initial connection_. A socket may be inactive because of either no activity or a long-running operation. This is set to `30000` by default, you should set this to 2-3x your longest running operation if you expect some of your database operations to run longer than 20 seconds. This option is passed to [Node.js `socket#setTimeout()` function](https://nodejs.org/api/net.html#net_socket_settimeout_timeout_callback) after the MongoDB driver successfully completes.
+ * @param {Number} [options.family=0] Passed transparently to [Node.js' `dns.lookup()`](https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html#dns_dns_lookup_hostname_options_callback) function. May be either `0`, `4`, or `6`. `4` means use IPv4 only, `6` means use IPv6 only, `0` means try both.
+ * @return {Connection} the created Connection object. Connections are thenable, so you can do `await mongoose.createConnection()`
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.createConnection = function(uri, options, callback) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  const conn = new Connection(_mongoose);
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  _mongoose.connections.push(conn);
+  _mongoose.events.emit('createConnection', conn);
+
+  if (arguments.length > 0) {
+    return conn.openUri(uri, options, callback);
+  }
+
+  return conn;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Opens the default mongoose connection.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mongoose.connect('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port/database');
+ *
+ *     // replica sets
+ *     const uri = 'mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port,anotherhost:port,yetanother:port/mydatabase';
+ *     mongoose.connect(uri);
+ *
+ *     // with options
+ *     mongoose.connect(uri, options);
+ *
+ *     // optional callback that gets fired when initial connection completed
+ *     const uri = 'mongodb://nonexistent.domain:27000';
+ *     mongoose.connect(uri, function(error) {
+ *       // if error is truthy, the initial connection failed.
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String} uri(s)
+ * @param {Object} [options] passed down to the [MongoDB driver's `connect()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.0/api/MongoClient.html), except for 4 mongoose-specific options explained below.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.bufferCommands=true] Mongoose specific option. Set to false to [disable buffering](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/faq.html#callback_never_executes) on all models associated with this connection.
+ * @param {Number} [options.bufferTimeoutMS=true] Mongoose specific option. If `bufferCommands` is true, Mongoose will throw an error after `bufferTimeoutMS` if the operation is still buffered.
+ * @param {String} [options.dbName] The name of the database we want to use. If not provided, use database name from connection string.
+ * @param {String} [options.user] username for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.user`. Maintained for backwards compatibility.
+ * @param {String} [options.pass] password for authentication, equivalent to `options.auth.password`. Maintained for backwards compatibility.
+ * @param {Number} [options.poolSize=5] The maximum number of sockets the MongoDB driver will keep open for this connection. By default, `poolSize` is 5. Keep in mind that, as of MongoDB 3.4, MongoDB only allows one operation per socket at a time, so you may want to increase this if you find you have a few slow queries that are blocking faster queries from proceeding. See [Slow Trains in MongoDB and Node.js](http://thecodebarbarian.com/slow-trains-in-mongodb-and-nodejs).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useUnifiedTopology=false] False by default. Set to `true` to opt in to the MongoDB driver's replica set and sharded cluster monitoring engine.
+ * @param {Number} [options.serverSelectionTimeoutMS] If `useUnifiedTopology = true`, the MongoDB driver will try to find a server to send any given operation to, and keep retrying for `serverSelectionTimeoutMS` milliseconds before erroring out. If not set, the MongoDB driver defaults to using `30000` (30 seconds).
+ * @param {Number} [options.heartbeatFrequencyMS] If `useUnifiedTopology = true`, the MongoDB driver sends a heartbeat every `heartbeatFrequencyMS` to check on the status of the connection. A heartbeat is subject to `serverSelectionTimeoutMS`, so the MongoDB driver will retry failed heartbeats for up to 30 seconds by default. Mongoose only emits a `'disconnected'` event after a heartbeat has failed, so you may want to decrease this setting to reduce the time between when your server goes down and when Mongoose emits `'disconnected'`. We recommend you do **not** set this setting below 1000, too many heartbeats can lead to performance degradation.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.autoIndex=true] Mongoose-specific option. Set to false to disable automatic index creation for all models associated with this connection.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useNewUrlParser=false] False by default. Set to `true` to opt in to the MongoDB driver's new URL parser logic.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useCreateIndex=true] Mongoose-specific option. If `true`, this connection will use [`createIndex()` instead of `ensureIndex()`](/docs/deprecations.html#ensureindex) for automatic index builds via [`Model.init()`](/docs/api.html#model_Model.init).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.useFindAndModify=true] True by default. Set to `false` to make `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndRemove()` use native `findOneAndUpdate()` rather than `findAndModify()`.
+ * @param {Number} [options.reconnectTries=30] If you're connected to a single server or mongos proxy (as opposed to a replica set), the MongoDB driver will try to reconnect every `reconnectInterval` milliseconds for `reconnectTries` times, and give up afterward. When the driver gives up, the mongoose connection emits a `reconnectFailed` event. This option does nothing for replica set connections.
+ * @param {Number} [options.reconnectInterval=1000] See `reconnectTries` option above.
+ * @param {Class} [options.promiseLibrary] Sets the [underlying driver's promise library](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/MongoClient.html).
+ * @param {Number} [options.bufferMaxEntries] This option does nothing if `useUnifiedTopology` is set. The MongoDB driver also has its own buffering mechanism that kicks in when the driver is disconnected. Set this option to 0 and set `bufferCommands` to `false` on your schemas if you want your database operations to fail immediately when the driver is not connected, as opposed to waiting for reconnection.
+ * @param {Number} [options.connectTimeoutMS=30000] How long the MongoDB driver will wait before killing a socket due to inactivity _during initial connection_. Defaults to 30000. This option is passed transparently to [Node.js' `socket#setTimeout()` function](https://nodejs.org/api/net.html#net_socket_settimeout_timeout_callback).
+ * @param {Number} [options.socketTimeoutMS=30000] How long the MongoDB driver will wait before killing a socket due to inactivity _after initial connection_. A socket may be inactive because of either no activity or a long-running operation. This is set to `30000` by default, you should set this to 2-3x your longest running operation if you expect some of your database operations to run longer than 20 seconds. This option is passed to [Node.js `socket#setTimeout()` function](https://nodejs.org/api/net.html#net_socket_settimeout_timeout_callback) after the MongoDB driver successfully completes.
+ * @param {Number} [options.family=0] Passed transparently to [Node.js' `dns.lookup()`](https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html#dns_dns_lookup_hostname_options_callback) function. May be either `0`, `4`, or `6`. `4` means use IPv4 only, `6` means use IPv6 only, `0` means try both.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.autoCreate=false] Set to `true` to make Mongoose automatically call `createCollection()` on every model created on this connection.
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see Mongoose#createConnection #index_Mongoose-createConnection
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Promise} resolves to `this` if connection succeeded
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.connect = function(uri, options, callback) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+  const conn = _mongoose.connection;
+
+  return _mongoose._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    conn.openUri(uri, options, err => {
+      if (err != null) {
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+      return cb(null, _mongoose);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Runs `.close()` on all connections in parallel.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback] called after all connection close, or when first error occurred.
+ * @return {Promise} resolves when all connections are closed, or rejects with the first error that occurred.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.disconnect = function(callback) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  return _mongoose._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    let remaining = _mongoose.connections.length;
+    if (remaining <= 0) {
+      return cb(null);
+    }
+    _mongoose.connections.forEach(conn => {
+      conn.close(function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          return cb(error);
+        }
+        if (!--remaining) {
+          cb(null);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Starts a [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/release-notes/3.6/#client-sessions)
+ * for benefits like causal consistency, [retryable writes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/retryable-writes/),
+ * and [transactions](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-node-js-perspective-on-mongodb-4-transactions.html).
+ *
+ * Calling `mongoose.startSession()` is equivalent to calling `mongoose.connection.startSession()`.
+ * Sessions are scoped to a connection, so calling `mongoose.startSession()`
+ * starts a session on the [default mongoose connection](/docs/api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-connection).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] see the [mongodb driver options](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.0/api/MongoClient.html#startSession)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.causalConsistency=true] set to false to disable causal consistency
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise<ClientSession>} promise that resolves to a MongoDB driver `ClientSession`
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.startSession = function() {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  return _mongoose.connection.startSession.apply(_mongoose.connection, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Getter/setter around function for pluralizing collection names.
+ *
+ * @param {Function|null} [fn] overwrites the function used to pluralize collection names
+ * @return {Function|null} the current function used to pluralize collection names, defaults to the legacy function from `mongoose-legacy-pluralize`.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.pluralize = function(fn) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  if (arguments.length > 0) {
+    _mongoose._pluralize = fn;
+  }
+  return _mongoose._pluralize;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines a model or retrieves it.
+ *
+ * Models defined on the `mongoose` instance are available to all connection
+ * created by the same `mongoose` instance.
+ *
+ * If you call `mongoose.model()` with twice the same name but a different schema,
+ * you will get an `OverwriteModelError`. If you call `mongoose.model()` with
+ * the same name and same schema, you'll get the same schema back.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *
+ *     // define an Actor model with this mongoose instance
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     mongoose.model('Actor', schema);
+ *
+ *     // create a new connection
+ *     const conn = mongoose.createConnection(..);
+ *
+ *     // create Actor model
+ *     const Actor = conn.model('Actor', schema);
+ *     conn.model('Actor') === Actor; // true
+ *     conn.model('Actor', schema) === Actor; // true, same schema
+ *     conn.model('Actor', schema, 'actors') === Actor; // true, same schema and collection name
+ *
+ *     // This throws an `OverwriteModelError` because the schema is different.
+ *     conn.model('Actor', new Schema({ name: String }));
+ *
+ * _When no `collection` argument is passed, Mongoose uses the model name. If you don't like this behavior, either pass a collection name, use `mongoose.pluralize()`, or set your schemas collection name option._
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String }, { collection: 'actor' });
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *
+ *     schema.set('collection', 'actor');
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *
+ *     const collectionName = 'actor'
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('Actor', schema, collectionName)
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} name model name or class extending Model
+ * @param {Schema} [schema] the schema to use.
+ * @param {String} [collection] name (optional, inferred from model name)
+ * @param {Boolean|Object} [skipInit] whether to skip initialization (defaults to false). If an object, treated as options.
+ * @return {Model} The model associated with `name`. Mongoose will create the model if it doesn't already exist.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.model = function(name, schema, collection, skipInit) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  let model;
+  if (typeof name === 'function') {
+    model = name;
+    name = model.name;
+    if (!(model.prototype instanceof Model)) {
+      throw new _mongoose.Error('The provided class ' + name + ' must extend Model');
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof schema === 'string') {
+    collection = schema;
+    schema = false;
+  }
+
+  if (utils.isObject(schema) && !(schema instanceof Schema)) {
+    schema = new Schema(schema);
+  }
+  if (schema && !(schema instanceof Schema)) {
+    throw new Error('The 2nd parameter to `mongoose.model()` should be a ' +
+      'schema or a POJO');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof collection === 'boolean') {
+    skipInit = collection;
+    collection = null;
+  }
+
+  // handle internal options from connection.model()
+  let options;
+  if (skipInit && utils.isObject(skipInit)) {
+    options = skipInit;
+    skipInit = true;
+  } else {
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  // look up schema for the collection.
+  if (!_mongoose.modelSchemas[name]) {
+    if (schema) {
+      // cache it so we only apply plugins once
+      _mongoose.modelSchemas[name] = schema;
+    } else {
+      throw new mongoose.Error.MissingSchemaError(name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const originalSchema = schema;
+  if (schema) {
+    if (_mongoose.get('cloneSchemas')) {
+      schema = schema.clone();
+    }
+    _mongoose._applyPlugins(schema);
+  }
+
+  let sub;
+
+  // connection.model() may be passing a different schema for
+  // an existing model name. in this case don't read from cache.
+  const overwriteModels = _mongoose.options.hasOwnProperty('overwriteModels') ?
+    _mongoose.options.overwriteModels :
+    options.overwriteModels;
+  if (_mongoose.models[name] && options.cache !== false && overwriteModels !== true) {
+    if (originalSchema &&
+        originalSchema.instanceOfSchema &&
+        originalSchema !== _mongoose.models[name].schema) {
+      throw new _mongoose.Error.OverwriteModelError(name);
+    }
+
+    if (collection && collection !== _mongoose.models[name].collection.name) {
+      // subclass current model with alternate collection
+      model = _mongoose.models[name];
+      schema = model.prototype.schema;
+      sub = model.__subclass(_mongoose.connection, schema, collection);
+      // do not cache the sub model
+      return sub;
+    }
+
+    return _mongoose.models[name];
+  }
+
+  // ensure a schema exists
+  if (!schema) {
+    schema = this.modelSchemas[name];
+    if (!schema) {
+      throw new mongoose.Error.MissingSchemaError(name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Apply relevant "global" options to the schema
+  if (!('pluralization' in schema.options)) {
+    schema.options.pluralization = _mongoose.options.pluralization;
+  }
+
+  if (!collection) {
+    collection = schema.get('collection') ||
+      utils.toCollectionName(name, _mongoose.pluralize());
+  }
+
+  const connection = options.connection || _mongoose.connection;
+  model = _mongoose.Model.compile(model || name, schema, collection, connection, _mongoose);
+
+  if (!skipInit) {
+    // Errors handled internally, so safe to ignore error
+    model.init(function $modelInitNoop() {});
+  }
+
+  connection.emit('model', model);
+
+  if (options.cache === false) {
+    return model;
+  }
+
+  _mongoose.models[name] = model;
+  return _mongoose.models[name];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes the model named `name` from the default connection, if it exists.
+ * You can use this function to clean up any models you created in your tests to
+ * prevent OverwriteModelErrors.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to `mongoose.connection.deleteModel(name)`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ name: String }));
+ *     console.log(mongoose.model('User')); // Model object
+ *     mongoose.deleteModel('User');
+ *     console.log(mongoose.model('User')); // undefined
+ *
+ *     // Usually useful in a Mocha `afterEach()` hook
+ *     afterEach(function() {
+ *       mongoose.deleteModel(/.+/); // Delete every model
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {String|RegExp} name if string, the name of the model to remove. If regexp, removes all models whose name matches the regexp.
+ * @return {Mongoose} this
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.deleteModel = function(name) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  _mongoose.connection.deleteModel(name);
+  return _mongoose;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of model names created on this instance of Mongoose.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * _Does not include names of models created using `connection.model()`._
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.modelNames = function() {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  const names = Object.keys(_mongoose.models);
+  return names;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies global plugins to `schema`.
+ *
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype._applyPlugins = function(schema, options) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  options = options || {};
+  options.applyPluginsToDiscriminators = get(_mongoose,
+    'options.applyPluginsToDiscriminators', false);
+  options.applyPluginsToChildSchemas = get(_mongoose,
+    'options.applyPluginsToChildSchemas', true);
+  applyPlugins(schema, _mongoose.plugins, options, '$globalPluginsApplied');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares a global plugin executed on all Schemas.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to calling `.plugin(fn)` on each Schema you create.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn plugin callback
+ * @param {Object} [opts] optional options
+ * @return {Mongoose} this
+ * @see plugins ./plugins.html
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.plugin = function(fn, opts) {
+  const _mongoose = this instanceof Mongoose ? this : mongoose;
+
+  _mongoose.plugins.push([fn, opts]);
+  return _mongoose;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose module's default connection. Equivalent to `mongoose.connections[0]`, see [`connections`](#mongoose_Mongoose-connections).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     mongoose.connect(...);
+ *     mongoose.connection.on('error', cb);
+ *
+ * This is the connection used by default for every model created using [mongoose.model](#index_Mongoose-model).
+ *
+ * To create a new connection, use [`createConnection()`](#mongoose_Mongoose-createConnection).
+ *
+ * @memberOf Mongoose
+ * @instance
+ * @property {Connection} connection
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.__defineGetter__('connection', function() {
+  return this.connections[0];
+});
+
+Mongoose.prototype.__defineSetter__('connection', function(v) {
+  if (v instanceof Connection) {
+    this.connections[0] = v;
+    this.models = v.models;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * An array containing all [connections](connections.html) associated with this
+ * Mongoose instance. By default, there is 1 connection. Calling
+ * [`createConnection()`](#mongoose_Mongoose-createConnection) adds a connection
+ * to this array.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     mongoose.connections.length; // 1, just the default connection
+ *     mongoose.connections[0] === mongoose.connection; // true
+ *
+ *     mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017/test');
+ *     mongoose.connections.length; // 2
+ *
+ * @memberOf Mongoose
+ * @instance
+ * @property {Array} connections
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.connections;
+
+/*!
+ * Connection
+ */
+
+const Connection = driver.get().getConnection();
+
+/*!
+ * Collection
+ */
+
+const Collection = driver.get().Collection;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose Aggregate constructor
+ *
+ * @method Aggregate
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Aggregate = Aggregate;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose Collection constructor
+ *
+ * @method Collection
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Collection = Collection;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Connection](#connection_Connection) constructor
+ *
+ * @memberOf Mongoose
+ * @instance
+ * @method Connection
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Connection = Connection;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose version
+ *
+ * #### Example
+ *
+ *     console.log(mongoose.version); // '5.x.x'
+ *
+ * @property version
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.version = pkg.version;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose constructor
+ *
+ * The exports of the mongoose module is an instance of this class.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const mongoose2 = new mongoose.Mongoose();
+ *
+ * @method Mongoose
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Mongoose = Mongoose;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Schema](#schema_Schema) constructor
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
+ *     const CatSchema = new Schema(..);
+ *
+ * @method Schema
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Schema = Schema;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [SchemaType](#schematype_SchemaType) constructor
+ *
+ * @method SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.SchemaType = SchemaType;
+
+/**
+ * The various Mongoose SchemaTypes.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * _Alias of mongoose.Schema.Types for backwards compatibility._
+ *
+ * @property SchemaTypes
+ * @see Schema.SchemaTypes #schema_Schema.Types
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.SchemaTypes = Schema.Types;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [VirtualType](#virtualtype_VirtualType) constructor
+ *
+ * @method VirtualType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.VirtualType = VirtualType;
+
+/**
+ * The various Mongoose Types.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const array = mongoose.Types.Array;
+ *
+ * ####Types:
+ *
+ * - [Array](/docs/schematypes.html#arrays)
+ * - [Buffer](/docs/schematypes.html#buffers)
+ * - [Embedded](/docs/schematypes.html#schemas)
+ * - [DocumentArray](/docs/api/documentarraypath.html)
+ * - [Decimal128](/docs/api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-Decimal128)
+ * - [ObjectId](/docs/schematypes.html#objectids)
+ * - [Map](/docs/schematypes.html#maps)
+ * - [Subdocument](/docs/schematypes.html#schemas)
+ *
+ * Using this exposed access to the `ObjectId` type, we can construct ids on demand.
+ *
+ *     const ObjectId = mongoose.Types.ObjectId;
+ *     const id1 = new ObjectId;
+ *
+ * @property Types
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Types = Types;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Query](#query_Query) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Query
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Query = Query;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Promise](#promise_Promise) constructor.
+ *
+ * @memberOf Mongoose
+ * @instance
+ * @property Promise
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Mongoose.prototype, 'Promise', {
+  get: function() {
+    return PromiseProvider.get();
+  },
+  set: function(lib) {
+    PromiseProvider.set(lib);
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Storage layer for mongoose promises
+ *
+ * @method PromiseProvider
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.PromiseProvider = PromiseProvider;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Model](#model_Model) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Model
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Model = Model;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose [Document](/api/document.html) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Document
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Document = Document;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose DocumentProvider constructor. Mongoose users should not have to
+ * use this directly
+ *
+ * @method DocumentProvider
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.DocumentProvider = require('./document_provider');
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose ObjectId [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+ * declaring paths in your schema that should be
+ * [MongoDB ObjectIds](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/ObjectId/).
+ * Do not use this to create a new ObjectId instance, use `mongoose.Types.ObjectId`
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const childSchema = new Schema({ parentId: mongoose.ObjectId });
+ *
+ * @property ObjectId
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.ObjectId = SchemaTypes.ObjectId;
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if Mongoose can cast the given value to an ObjectId, or
+ * false otherwise.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mongoose.isValidObjectId(new mongoose.Types.ObjectId()); // true
+ *     mongoose.isValidObjectId('0123456789ab'); // true
+ *     mongoose.isValidObjectId(6); // false
+ *
+ * @method isValidObjectId
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.isValidObjectId = function(v) {
+  if (v == null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  const base = this || mongoose;
+  const ObjectId = base.driver.get().ObjectId;
+  if (v instanceof ObjectId) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (v._id != null) {
+    if (v._id instanceof ObjectId) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (v._id.toString instanceof Function) {
+      v = v._id.toString();
+      if (typeof v === 'string' && v.length === 12) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (typeof v === 'string' && v.length === 24 && /^[a-f0-9]*$/.test(v)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (v.toString instanceof Function) {
+    v = v.toString();
+  }
+
+  if (typeof v === 'string' && v.length === 12) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (typeof v === 'string' && v.length === 24 && /^[a-f0-9]*$/.test(v)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose Decimal128 [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+ * declaring paths in your schema that should be
+ * [128-bit decimal floating points](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-nodejs-perspective-on-mongodb-34-decimal.html).
+ * Do not use this to create a new Decimal128 instance, use `mongoose.Types.Decimal128`
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const vehicleSchema = new Schema({ fuelLevel: mongoose.Decimal128 });
+ *
+ * @property Decimal128
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Decimal128 = SchemaTypes.Decimal128;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose Mixed [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+ * declaring paths in your schema that Mongoose's change tracking, casting,
+ * and validation should ignore.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ arbitrary: mongoose.Mixed });
+ *
+ * @property Mixed
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Mixed = SchemaTypes.Mixed;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose Date [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ test: Date });
+ *     schema.path('test') instanceof mongoose.Date; // true
+ *
+ * @property Date
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Date = SchemaTypes.Date;
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose Number [SchemaType](/docs/schematypes.html). Used for
+ * declaring paths in your schema that Mongoose should cast to numbers.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ num: mongoose.Number });
+ *     // Equivalent to:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ num: 'number' });
+ *
+ * @property Number
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Number = SchemaTypes.Number;
+
+/**
+ * The [MongooseError](#error_MongooseError) constructor.
+ *
+ * @method Error
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.Error = require('./error/index');
+
+/**
+ * Mongoose uses this function to get the current time when setting
+ * [timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps). You may stub out this function
+ * using a tool like [Sinon](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sinon) for testing.
+ *
+ * @method now
+ * @returns Date the current time
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.now = function now() { return new Date(); };
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose CastError constructor
+ *
+ * @method CastError
+ * @param {String} type The name of the type
+ * @param {Any} value The value that failed to cast
+ * @param {String} path The path `a.b.c` in the doc where this cast error occurred
+ * @param {Error} [reason] The original error that was thrown
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.CastError = require('./error/cast');
+
+/**
+ * The constructor used for schematype options
+ *
+ * @method SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.SchemaTypeOptions = require('./options/SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The [node-mongodb-native](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native) driver Mongoose uses.
+ *
+ * @property mongo
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.mongo = require('mongodb');
+
+/**
+ * The [mquery](https://github.com/aheckmann/mquery) query builder Mongoose uses.
+ *
+ * @property mquery
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype.mquery = require('mquery');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Mongoose.prototype._promiseOrCallback = function(callback, fn, ee) {
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, fn, ee, this.Promise);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * The exports object is an instance of Mongoose.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+const mongoose = module.exports = exports = new Mongoose({
+  [defaultMongooseSymbol]: true
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/internal.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/internal.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..764247778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/internal.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*!
+ * Dependencies
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const StateMachine = require('./statemachine');
+const ActiveRoster = StateMachine.ctor('require', 'modify', 'init', 'default', 'ignore');
+
+module.exports = exports = InternalCache;
+
+function InternalCache() {
+  this.strictMode = undefined;
+  this.selected = undefined;
+  this.shardval = undefined;
+  this.saveError = undefined;
+  this.validationError = undefined;
+  this.adhocPaths = undefined;
+  this.removing = undefined;
+  this.inserting = undefined;
+  this.saving = undefined;
+  this.version = undefined;
+  this.getters = {};
+  this._id = undefined;
+  this.populate = undefined; // what we want to populate in this doc
+  this.populated = undefined;// the _ids that have been populated
+  this.wasPopulated = false; // if this doc was the result of a population
+  this.scope = undefined;
+  this.activePaths = new ActiveRoster;
+  this.pathsToScopes = {};
+  this.cachedRequired = {};
+  this.session = null;
+  this.$setCalled = new Set();
+
+  // embedded docs
+  this.ownerDocument = undefined;
+  this.fullPath = undefined;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/model.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/model.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db1328488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/model.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4927 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const Aggregate = require('./aggregate');
+const ChangeStream = require('./cursor/ChangeStream');
+const Document = require('./document');
+const DocumentNotFoundError = require('./error/notFound');
+const DivergentArrayError = require('./error/divergentArray');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const MongooseBuffer = require('./types/buffer');
+const MongooseError = require('./error/index');
+const OverwriteModelError = require('./error/overwriteModel');
+const PromiseProvider = require('./promise_provider');
+const Query = require('./query');
+const RemoveOptions = require('./options/removeOptions');
+const SaveOptions = require('./options/saveOptions');
+const Schema = require('./schema');
+const ServerSelectionError = require('./error/serverSelection');
+const ValidationError = require('./error/validation');
+const VersionError = require('./error/version');
+const ParallelSaveError = require('./error/parallelSave');
+const applyQueryMiddleware = require('./helpers/query/applyQueryMiddleware');
+const applyHooks = require('./helpers/model/applyHooks');
+const applyMethods = require('./helpers/model/applyMethods');
+const applyStaticHooks = require('./helpers/model/applyStaticHooks');
+const applyStatics = require('./helpers/model/applyStatics');
+const applyWriteConcern = require('./helpers/schema/applyWriteConcern');
+const assignVals = require('./helpers/populate/assignVals');
+const castBulkWrite = require('./helpers/model/castBulkWrite');
+const createPopulateQueryFilter = require('./helpers/populate/createPopulateQueryFilter');
+const getDefaultBulkwriteResult = require('./helpers/getDefaultBulkwriteResult');
+const discriminator = require('./helpers/model/discriminator');
+const each = require('./helpers/each');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('./helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const getModelsMapForPopulate = require('./helpers/populate/getModelsMapForPopulate');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('./options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const isDefaultIdIndex = require('./helpers/indexes/isDefaultIdIndex');
+const isIndexEqual = require('./helpers/indexes/isIndexEqual');
+const isPathSelectedInclusive = require('./helpers/projection/isPathSelectedInclusive');
+const leanPopulateMap = require('./helpers/populate/leanPopulateMap');
+const modifiedPaths = require('./helpers/update/modifiedPaths');
+const parallelLimit = require('./helpers/parallelLimit');
+const removeDeselectedForeignField = require('./helpers/populate/removeDeselectedForeignField');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+
+const VERSION_WHERE = 1;
+const VERSION_INC = 2;
+const VERSION_ALL = VERSION_WHERE | VERSION_INC;
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const modelCollectionSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Model#collection');
+const modelDbSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Model#db');
+const modelSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').modelSymbol;
+const subclassedSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Model#subclassed');
+
+const saveToObjectOptions = Object.assign({}, internalToObjectOptions, {
+  bson: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * A Model is a class that's your primary tool for interacting with MongoDB.
+ * An instance of a Model is called a [Document](./api.html#Document).
+ *
+ * In Mongoose, the term "Model" refers to subclasses of the `mongoose.Model`
+ * class. You should not use the `mongoose.Model` class directly. The
+ * [`mongoose.model()`](./api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-model) and
+ * [`connection.model()`](./api.html#connection_Connection-model) functions
+ * create subclasses of `mongoose.Model` as shown below.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // `UserModel` is a "Model", a subclass of `mongoose.Model`.
+ *     const UserModel = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ name: String }));
+ *
+ *     // You can use a Model to create new documents using `new`:
+ *     const userDoc = new UserModel({ name: 'Foo' });
+ *     await userDoc.save();
+ *
+ *     // You also use a model to create queries:
+ *     const userFromDb = await UserModel.findOne({ name: 'Foo' });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} doc values for initial set
+ * @param [fields] optional object containing the fields that were selected in the query which returned this document. You do **not** need to set this parameter to ensure Mongoose handles your [query projection](./api.html#query_Query-select).
+ * @param {Boolean} [skipId=false] optional boolean. If true, mongoose doesn't add an `_id` field to the document.
+ * @inherits Document http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/document.html
+ * @event `error`: If listening to this event, 'error' is emitted when a document was saved without passing a callback and an `error` occurred. If not listening, the event bubbles to the connection used to create this Model.
+ * @event `index`: Emitted after `Model#ensureIndexes` completes. If an error occurred it is passed with the event.
+ * @event `index-single-start`: Emitted when an individual index starts within `Model#ensureIndexes`. The fields and options being used to build the index are also passed with the event.
+ * @event `index-single-done`: Emitted when an individual index finishes within `Model#ensureIndexes`. If an error occurred it is passed with the event. The fields, options, and index name are also passed.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Model(doc, fields, skipId) {
+  if (fields instanceof Schema) {
+    throw new TypeError('2nd argument to `Model` must be a POJO or string, ' +
+      '**not** a schema. Make sure you\'re calling `mongoose.model()`, not ' +
+      '`mongoose.Model()`.');
+  }
+  Document.call(this, doc, fields, skipId);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from Document.
+ *
+ * All Model.prototype features are available on
+ * top level (non-sub) documents.
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.__proto__ = Document.prototype;
+Model.prototype.$isMongooseModelPrototype = true;
+
+/**
+ * Connection the model uses.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property db
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.db;
+
+/**
+ * Collection the model uses.
+ *
+ * This property is read-only. Modifying this property is a no-op.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property collection
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.collection;
+
+/**
+ * Internal collection the model uses.
+ *
+ * This property is read-only. Modifying this property is a no-op.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @property collection
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+
+Model.prototype.$__collection;
+
+/**
+ * The name of the model
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property modelName
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.modelName;
+
+/**
+ * Additional properties to attach to the query when calling `save()` and
+ * `isNew` is false.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property $where
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$where;
+
+/**
+ * If this is a discriminator model, `baseModelName` is the name of
+ * the base model.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property baseModelName
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.baseModelName;
+
+/**
+ * Event emitter that reports any errors that occurred. Useful for global error
+ * handling.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     MyModel.events.on('error', err => console.log(err.message));
+ *
+ *     // Prints a 'CastError' because of the above handler
+ *     await MyModel.findOne({ _id: 'notanid' }).catch(noop);
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @fires error whenever any query or model function errors
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @static events
+ */
+
+Model.events;
+
+/*!
+ * Compiled middleware for this model. Set in `applyHooks()`.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @property _middleware
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @static
+ */
+
+Model._middleware;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _applyCustomWhere(doc, where) {
+  if (doc.$where == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(doc.$where);
+  const len = keys.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    where[keys[i]] = doc.$where[keys[i]];
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__handleSave = function(options, callback) {
+  const _this = this;
+  let saveOptions = {};
+
+  if ('safe' in options) {
+    _handleSafe(options);
+  }
+
+  applyWriteConcern(this.$__schema, options);
+  if (typeof options.writeConcern != 'undefined') {
+    saveOptions.writeConcern = {};
+    if ('w' in options.writeConcern) {
+      saveOptions.writeConcern.w = options.writeConcern.w;
+    }
+    if ('j' in options.writeConcern) {
+      saveOptions.writeConcern.j = options.writeConcern.j;
+    }
+    if ('wtimeout' in options.writeConcern) {
+      saveOptions.writeConcern.wtimeout = options.writeConcern.wtimeout;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if ('w' in options) {
+      saveOptions.w = options.w;
+    }
+    if ('j' in options) {
+      saveOptions.j = options.j;
+    }
+    if ('wtimeout' in options) {
+      saveOptions.wtimeout = options.wtimeout;
+    }
+  }
+  if ('checkKeys' in options) {
+    saveOptions.checkKeys = options.checkKeys;
+  }
+  const session = this.$session();
+  if (!saveOptions.hasOwnProperty('session')) {
+    saveOptions.session = session;
+  }
+
+  if (Object.keys(saveOptions).length === 0) {
+    saveOptions = null;
+  }
+  if (this.isNew) {
+    // send entire doc
+    const obj = this.toObject(saveToObjectOptions);
+    if ((obj || {})._id === void 0) {
+      // documents must have an _id else mongoose won't know
+      // what to update later if more changes are made. the user
+      // wouldn't know what _id was generated by mongodb either
+      // nor would the ObjectId generated by mongodb necessarily
+      // match the schema definition.
+      immediate(function() {
+        callback(new MongooseError('document must have an _id before saving'));
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.$__version(true, obj);
+    this[modelCollectionSymbol].insertOne(obj, saveOptions, function(err, ret) {
+      if (err) {
+        _setIsNew(_this, true);
+
+        callback(err, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      callback(null, ret);
+    });
+    this.$__reset();
+    _setIsNew(this, false);
+    // Make it possible to retry the insert
+    this.$__.inserting = true;
+  } else {
+    // Make sure we don't treat it as a new object on error,
+    // since it already exists
+    this.$__.inserting = false;
+
+    const delta = this.$__delta();
+    if (delta) {
+      if (delta instanceof MongooseError) {
+        callback(delta);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const where = this.$__where(delta[0]);
+      if (where instanceof MongooseError) {
+        callback(where);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      _applyCustomWhere(this, where);
+
+      this[modelCollectionSymbol].updateOne(where, delta[1], saveOptions, (err, ret) => {
+        if (err) {
+          this.$__undoReset();
+
+          callback(err);
+          return;
+        }
+        ret.$where = where;
+        callback(null, ret);
+      });
+    } else {
+      const optionsWithCustomValues = Object.assign({}, options, saveOptions);
+      const where = this.$__where();
+      if (this.$__schema.options.optimisticConcurrency) {
+        const key = this.$__schema.options.versionKey;
+        const val = this.$__getValue(key);
+        if (val != null) {
+          where[key] = val;
+        }
+      }
+      this.constructor.exists(where, optionsWithCustomValues)
+        .then((documentExists) => {
+          if (!documentExists) {
+            throw new DocumentNotFoundError(this.$__where(), this.constructor.modelName);
+          }
+
+          callback();
+        })
+        .catch(callback);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // store the modified paths before the document is reset
+    this.$__.modifiedPaths = this.modifiedPaths();
+    this.$__reset();
+
+    _setIsNew(this, false);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__save = function(options, callback) {
+  this.$__handleSave(options, (error, result) => {
+    const hooks = this.$__schema.s.hooks;
+    if (error) {
+      return hooks.execPost('save:error', this, [this], { error: error }, (error) => {
+        callback(error, this);
+      });
+    }
+    let numAffected = 0;
+    if (get(options, 'safe.w') !== 0 && get(options, 'w') !== 0) {
+      // Skip checking if write succeeded if writeConcern is set to
+      // unacknowledged writes, because otherwise `numAffected` will always be 0
+      if (result) {
+        if (Array.isArray(result)) {
+          numAffected = result.length;
+        } else if (result.result && result.result.n !== undefined) {
+          numAffected = result.result.n;
+        } else if (result.result && result.result.nModified !== undefined) {
+          numAffected = result.result.nModified;
+        } else {
+          numAffected = result;
+        }
+      }
+      // was this an update that required a version bump?
+      if (this.$__.version && !this.$__.inserting) {
+        const doIncrement = VERSION_INC === (VERSION_INC & this.$__.version);
+        this.$__.version = undefined;
+        const key = this.$__schema.options.versionKey;
+        const version = this.$__getValue(key) || 0;
+        if (numAffected <= 0) {
+          // the update failed. pass an error back
+          this.$__undoReset();
+          const err = this.$__.$versionError ||
+            new VersionError(this, version, this.$__.modifiedPaths);
+          return callback(err);
+        }
+
+        // increment version if was successful
+        if (doIncrement) {
+          this.$__setValue(key, version + 1);
+        }
+      }
+      if (result != null && numAffected <= 0) {
+        this.$__undoReset();
+        error = new DocumentNotFoundError(result.$where,
+          this.constructor.modelName, numAffected, result);
+        return hooks.execPost('save:error', this, [this], { error: error }, (error) => {
+          callback(error, this);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    this.$__.saving = undefined;
+    this.$__.savedState = {};
+    this.emit('save', this, numAffected);
+    this.constructor.emit('save', this, numAffected);
+    callback(null, this);
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function generateVersionError(doc, modifiedPaths) {
+  const key = doc.$__schema.options.versionKey;
+  if (!key) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const version = doc.$__getValue(key) || 0;
+  return new VersionError(doc, version, modifiedPaths);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Saves this document by inserting a new document into the database if [document.isNew](/docs/api.html#document_Document-isNew) is `true`,
+ * or sends an [updateOne](/docs/api.html#document_Document-updateOne) operation with just the modified paths if `isNew` is `false`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     product.sold = Date.now();
+ *     product = await product.save();
+ *
+ * If save is successful, the returned promise will fulfill with the document
+ * saved.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const newProduct = await product.save();
+ *     newProduct === product; // true
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] options optional options
+ * @param {Session} [options.session=null] the [session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/) associated with this save operation. If not specified, defaults to the [document's associated session](api.html#document_Document-$session).
+ * @param {Object} [options.safe] (DEPRECATED) overrides [schema's safe option](http://mongoosejs.com//docs/guide.html#safe). Use the `w` option instead.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.validateBeforeSave] set to false to save without validating.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.validateModifiedOnly=false] if `true`, Mongoose will only validate modified paths, as opposed to modified paths and `required` paths.
+ * @param {Number|String} [options.w] set the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#w-option). Overrides the [schema-level `writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.j] set to true for MongoDB to wait until this `save()` has been [journaled before resolving the returned promise](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#j-option). Overrides the [schema-level `writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Number} [options.wtimeout] sets a [timeout for the write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#wtimeout). Overrides the [schema-level `writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.checkKeys=true] the MongoDB driver prevents you from saving keys that start with '$' or contain '.' by default. Set this option to `false` to skip that check. See [restrictions on field names](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/limits/#Restrictions-on-Field-Names)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=true] if `false` and [timestamps](./guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this `save()`.
+ * @param {Function} [fn] optional callback
+ * @throws {DocumentNotFoundError} if this [save updates an existing document](api.html#document_Document-isNew) but the document doesn't exist in the database. For example, you will get this error if the document is [deleted between when you retrieved the document and when you saved it](documents.html#updating).
+ * @return {Promise|undefined} Returns undefined if used with callback or a Promise otherwise.
+ * @api public
+ * @see middleware http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.save = function(options, fn) {
+  let parallelSave;
+  this.$op = 'save';
+
+  if (this.$__.saving) {
+    parallelSave = new ParallelSaveError(this);
+  } else {
+    this.$__.saving = new ParallelSaveError(this);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    fn = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+
+  options = new SaveOptions(options);
+  if (options.hasOwnProperty('session')) {
+    this.$session(options.session);
+  }
+  this.$__.$versionError = generateVersionError(this, this.modifiedPaths());
+
+  fn = this.constructor.$handleCallbackError(fn);
+  return this.constructor.db.base._promiseOrCallback(fn, cb => {
+    cb = this.constructor.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    if (parallelSave) {
+      this.$__handleReject(parallelSave);
+      return cb(parallelSave);
+    }
+
+    this.$__.saveOptions = options;
+
+    this.$__save(options, error => {
+      this.$__.saving = undefined;
+      delete this.$__.saveOptions;
+      delete this.$__.$versionError;
+      this.$op = null;
+
+      if (error) {
+        this.$__handleReject(error);
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+      cb(null, this);
+    });
+  }, this.constructor.events);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determines whether versioning should be skipped for the given path
+ *
+ * @param {Document} self
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Boolean} true if versioning should be skipped for the given path
+ */
+function shouldSkipVersioning(self, path) {
+  const skipVersioning = self.$__schema.options.skipVersioning;
+  if (!skipVersioning) return false;
+
+  // Remove any array indexes from the path
+  path = path.replace(/\.\d+\./, '.');
+
+  return skipVersioning[path];
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Apply the operation to the delta (update) clause as
+ * well as track versioning for our where clause.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} self
+ * @param {Object} where
+ * @param {Object} delta
+ * @param {Object} data
+ * @param {Mixed} val
+ * @param {String} [operation]
+ */
+
+function operand(self, where, delta, data, val, op) {
+  // delta
+  op || (op = '$set');
+  if (!delta[op]) delta[op] = {};
+  delta[op][data.path] = val;
+  // disabled versioning?
+  if (self.$__schema.options.versionKey === false) return;
+
+  // path excluded from versioning?
+  if (shouldSkipVersioning(self, data.path)) return;
+
+  // already marked for versioning?
+  if (VERSION_ALL === (VERSION_ALL & self.$__.version)) return;
+
+  if (self.$__schema.options.optimisticConcurrency) {
+    self.$__.version = VERSION_ALL;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (op) {
+    case '$set':
+    case '$unset':
+    case '$pop':
+    case '$pull':
+    case '$pullAll':
+    case '$push':
+    case '$addToSet':
+      break;
+    default:
+      // nothing to do
+      return;
+  }
+
+  // ensure updates sent with positional notation are
+  // editing the correct array element.
+  // only increment the version if an array position changes.
+  // modifying elements of an array is ok if position does not change.
+  if (op === '$push' || op === '$addToSet' || op === '$pullAll' || op === '$pull') {
+    self.$__.version = VERSION_INC;
+  } else if (/^\$p/.test(op)) {
+    // potentially changing array positions
+    increment.call(self);
+  } else if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    // $set an array
+    increment.call(self);
+  } else if (/\.\d+\.|\.\d+$/.test(data.path)) {
+    // now handling $set, $unset
+    // subpath of array
+    self.$__.version = VERSION_WHERE;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Compiles an update and where clause for a `val` with _atomics.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} self
+ * @param {Object} where
+ * @param {Object} delta
+ * @param {Object} data
+ * @param {Array} value
+ */
+
+function handleAtomics(self, where, delta, data, value) {
+  if (delta.$set && delta.$set[data.path]) {
+    // $set has precedence over other atomics
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value.$__getAtomics === 'function') {
+    value.$__getAtomics().forEach(function(atomic) {
+      const op = atomic[0];
+      const val = atomic[1];
+      operand(self, where, delta, data, val, op);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // legacy support for plugins
+
+  const atomics = value[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+  const ops = Object.keys(atomics);
+  let i = ops.length;
+  let val;
+  let op;
+
+  if (i === 0) {
+    // $set
+
+    if (utils.isMongooseObject(value)) {
+      value = value.toObject({ depopulate: 1, _isNested: true });
+    } else if (value.valueOf) {
+      value = value.valueOf();
+    }
+
+    return operand(self, where, delta, data, value);
+  }
+
+  function iter(mem) {
+    return utils.isMongooseObject(mem)
+      ? mem.toObject({ depopulate: 1, _isNested: true })
+      : mem;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    op = ops[i];
+    val = atomics[op];
+
+    if (utils.isMongooseObject(val)) {
+      val = val.toObject({ depopulate: true, transform: false, _isNested: true });
+    } else if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+      val = val.map(iter);
+    } else if (val.valueOf) {
+      val = val.valueOf();
+    }
+
+    if (op === '$addToSet') {
+      val = { $each: val };
+    }
+
+    operand(self, where, delta, data, val, op);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Produces a special query document of the modified properties used in updates.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__delta
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__delta = function() {
+  const dirty = this.$__dirty();
+  if (!dirty.length && VERSION_ALL !== this.$__.version) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const where = {};
+  const delta = {};
+  const len = dirty.length;
+  const divergent = [];
+  let d = 0;
+
+  where._id = this._doc._id;
+  // If `_id` is an object, need to depopulate, but also need to be careful
+  // because `_id` can technically be null (see gh-6406)
+  if (get(where, '_id.$__', null) != null) {
+    where._id = where._id.toObject({ transform: false, depopulate: true });
+  }
+  for (; d < len; ++d) {
+    const data = dirty[d];
+    let value = data.value;
+
+    const match = checkDivergentArray(this, data.path, value);
+    if (match) {
+      divergent.push(match);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const pop = this.populated(data.path, true);
+    if (!pop && this.$__.selected) {
+      // If any array was selected using an $elemMatch projection, we alter the path and where clause
+      // NOTE: MongoDB only supports projected $elemMatch on top level array.
+      const pathSplit = data.path.split('.');
+      const top = pathSplit[0];
+      if (this.$__.selected[top] && this.$__.selected[top].$elemMatch) {
+        // If the selected array entry was modified
+        if (pathSplit.length > 1 && pathSplit[1] == 0 && typeof where[top] === 'undefined') {
+          where[top] = this.$__.selected[top];
+          pathSplit[1] = '$';
+          data.path = pathSplit.join('.');
+        }
+        // if the selected array was modified in any other way throw an error
+        else {
+          divergent.push(data.path);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (divergent.length) continue;
+    if (value === undefined) {
+      operand(this, where, delta, data, 1, '$unset');
+    } else if (value === null) {
+      operand(this, where, delta, data, null);
+    } else if (value.isMongooseArray && value.$path() && value[arrayAtomicsSymbol]) {
+      // arrays and other custom types (support plugins etc)
+      handleAtomics(this, where, delta, data, value);
+    } else if (value[MongooseBuffer.pathSymbol] && Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+      // MongooseBuffer
+      value = value.toObject();
+      operand(this, where, delta, data, value);
+    } else {
+      value = utils.clone(value, {
+        depopulate: true,
+        transform: false,
+        virtuals: false,
+        getters: false,
+        _isNested: true
+      });
+      operand(this, where, delta, data, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (divergent.length) {
+    return new DivergentArrayError(divergent);
+  }
+
+  if (this.$__.version) {
+    this.$__version(where, delta);
+  }
+  return [where, delta];
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determine if array was populated with some form of filter and is now
+ * being updated in a manner which could overwrite data unintentionally.
+ *
+ * @see https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/1334
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String|undefined}
+ */
+
+function checkDivergentArray(doc, path, array) {
+  // see if we populated this path
+  const pop = doc.populated(path, true);
+
+  if (!pop && doc.$__.selected) {
+    // If any array was selected using an $elemMatch projection, we deny the update.
+    // NOTE: MongoDB only supports projected $elemMatch on top level array.
+    const top = path.split('.')[0];
+    if (doc.$__.selected[top + '.$']) {
+      return top;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!(pop && array && array.isMongooseArray)) return;
+
+  // If the array was populated using options that prevented all
+  // documents from being returned (match, skip, limit) or they
+  // deselected the _id field, $pop and $set of the array are
+  // not safe operations. If _id was deselected, we do not know
+  // how to remove elements. $pop will pop off the _id from the end
+  // of the array in the db which is not guaranteed to be the
+  // same as the last element we have here. $set of the entire array
+  // would be similarily destructive as we never received all
+  // elements of the array and potentially would overwrite data.
+  const check = pop.options.match ||
+      pop.options.options && utils.object.hasOwnProperty(pop.options.options, 'limit') || // 0 is not permitted
+      pop.options.options && pop.options.options.skip || // 0 is permitted
+      pop.options.select && // deselected _id?
+      (pop.options.select._id === 0 ||
+      /\s?-_id\s?/.test(pop.options.select));
+
+  if (check) {
+    const atomics = array[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+    if (Object.keys(atomics).length === 0 || atomics.$set || atomics.$pop) {
+      return path;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Appends versioning to the where and update clauses.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__version
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__version = function(where, delta) {
+  const key = this.$__schema.options.versionKey;
+
+  if (where === true) {
+    // this is an insert
+    if (key) {
+      this.$__setValue(key, delta[key] = 0);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // updates
+
+  // only apply versioning if our versionKey was selected. else
+  // there is no way to select the correct version. we could fail
+  // fast here and force them to include the versionKey but
+  // thats a bit intrusive. can we do this automatically?
+  if (!this.$__isSelected(key)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // $push $addToSet don't need the where clause set
+  if (VERSION_WHERE === (VERSION_WHERE & this.$__.version)) {
+    const value = this.$__getValue(key);
+    if (value != null) where[key] = value;
+  }
+
+  if (VERSION_INC === (VERSION_INC & this.$__.version)) {
+    if (get(delta.$set, key, null) != null) {
+      // Version key is getting set, means we'll increment the doc's version
+      // after a successful save, so we should set the incremented version so
+      // future saves don't fail (gh-5779)
+      ++delta.$set[key];
+    } else {
+      delta.$inc = delta.$inc || {};
+      delta.$inc[key] = 1;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Signal that we desire an increment of this documents version.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.findById(id, function (err, doc) {
+ *       doc.increment();
+ *       doc.save(function (err) { .. })
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @see versionKeys http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#versionKey
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function increment() {
+  this.$__.version = VERSION_ALL;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Model.prototype.increment = increment;
+
+/**
+ * Returns a query object
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__where
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__where = function _where(where) {
+  where || (where = {});
+
+  if (!where._id) {
+    where._id = this._doc._id;
+  }
+
+  if (this._doc._id === void 0) {
+    return new MongooseError('No _id found on document!');
+  }
+
+  return where;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes this document from the db.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     product.remove(function (err, product) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *       Product.findById(product._id, function (err, product) {
+ *         console.log(product) // null
+ *       })
+ *     })
+ *
+ *
+ * As an extra measure of flow control, remove will return a Promise (bound to `fn` if passed) so it could be chained, or hooked to recieve errors
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     product.remove().then(function (product) {
+ *        ...
+ *     }).catch(function (err) {
+ *        assert.ok(err)
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Session} [options.session=null] the [session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/) associated with this operation. If not specified, defaults to the [document's associated session](api.html#document_Document-$session).
+ * @param {function(err,product)} [fn] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise} Promise
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.remove = function remove(options, fn) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    fn = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+
+  options = new RemoveOptions(options);
+  if (options.hasOwnProperty('session')) {
+    this.$session(options.session);
+  }
+  this.$op = 'remove';
+
+  fn = this.constructor.$handleCallbackError(fn);
+
+  return this.constructor.db.base._promiseOrCallback(fn, cb => {
+    cb = this.constructor.$wrapCallback(cb);
+    this.$__remove(options, (err, res) => {
+      this.$op = null;
+      cb(err, res);
+    });
+  }, this.constructor.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias for remove
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.delete = Model.prototype.remove;
+
+/**
+ * Removes this document from the db. Equivalent to `.remove()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     product = await product.deleteOne();
+ *     await Product.findById(product._id); // null
+ *
+ * @param {function(err,product)} [fn] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise} Promise
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.deleteOne = function deleteOne(options, fn) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    fn = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (!options) {
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  fn = this.constructor.$handleCallbackError(fn);
+
+  return this.constructor.db.base._promiseOrCallback(fn, cb => {
+    cb = this.constructor.$wrapCallback(cb);
+    this.$__deleteOne(options, cb);
+  }, this.constructor.events);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__remove = function $__remove(options, cb) {
+  if (this.$__.isDeleted) {
+    return immediate(() => cb(null, this));
+  }
+
+  const where = this.$__where();
+  if (where instanceof MongooseError) {
+    return cb(where);
+  }
+
+  _applyCustomWhere(this, where);
+
+  const session = this.$session();
+  if (!options.hasOwnProperty('session')) {
+    options.session = session;
+  }
+
+  this[modelCollectionSymbol].deleteOne(where, options, err => {
+    if (!err) {
+      this.$__.isDeleted = true;
+      this.emit('remove', this);
+      this.constructor.emit('remove', this);
+      return cb(null, this);
+    }
+    this.$__.isDeleted = false;
+    cb(err);
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.$__deleteOne = Model.prototype.$__remove;
+
+/**
+ * Returns another Model instance.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const doc = new Tank;
+ *     doc.model('User').findById(id, callback);
+ *
+ * @param {String} name model name
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.prototype.model = function model(name) {
+  return this[modelDbSymbol].model(name);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if at least one document exists in the database that matches
+ * the given `filter`, and false otherwise.
+ *
+ * Under the hood, `MyModel.exists({ answer: 42 })` is equivalent to
+ * `MyModel.findOne({ answer: 42 }).select({ _id: 1 }).lean().then(doc => !!doc)`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     await Character.deleteMany({});
+ *     await Character.create({ name: 'Jean-Luc Picard' });
+ *
+ *     await Character.exists({ name: /picard/i }); // true
+ *     await Character.exists({ name: /riker/i }); // false
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOne()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ */
+
+Model.exists = function exists(filter, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'exists');
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const query = this.findOne(filter).
+    select({ _id: 1 }).
+    lean().
+    setOptions(options);
+
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    query.exec(function(err, doc) {
+      if (err != null) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+      callback(null, !!doc);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+  if (!options.explain) {
+    return query.then(doc => !!doc);
+  }
+
+  return query.exec();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a discriminator type.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     function BaseSchema() {
+ *       Schema.apply(this, arguments);
+ *
+ *       this.add({
+ *         name: String,
+ *         createdAt: Date
+ *       });
+ *     }
+ *     util.inherits(BaseSchema, Schema);
+ *
+ *     const PersonSchema = new BaseSchema();
+ *     const BossSchema = new BaseSchema({ department: String });
+ *
+ *     const Person = mongoose.model('Person', PersonSchema);
+ *     const Boss = Person.discriminator('Boss', BossSchema);
+ *     new Boss().__t; // "Boss". `__t` is the default `discriminatorKey`
+ *
+ *     const employeeSchema = new Schema({ boss: ObjectId });
+ *     const Employee = Person.discriminator('Employee', employeeSchema, 'staff');
+ *     new Employee().__t; // "staff" because of 3rd argument above
+ *
+ * @param {String} name discriminator model name
+ * @param {Schema} schema discriminator model schema
+ * @param {String} [value] the string stored in the `discriminatorKey` property. If not specified, Mongoose uses the `name` parameter.
+ * @return {Model} The newly created discriminator model
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.discriminator = function(name, schema, value) {
+  let model;
+  if (typeof name === 'function') {
+    model = name;
+    name = utils.getFunctionName(model);
+    if (!(model.prototype instanceof Model)) {
+      throw new MongooseError('The provided class ' + name + ' must extend Model');
+    }
+  }
+
+  _checkContext(this, 'discriminator');
+
+  if (utils.isObject(schema) && !schema.instanceOfSchema) {
+    schema = new Schema(schema);
+  }
+
+  schema = discriminator(this, name, schema, value, true);
+  if (this.db.models[name]) {
+    throw new OverwriteModelError(name);
+  }
+
+  schema.$isRootDiscriminator = true;
+  schema.$globalPluginsApplied = true;
+
+  model = this.db.model(model || name, schema, this.$__collection.name);
+  this.discriminators[name] = model;
+  const d = this.discriminators[name];
+  d.prototype.__proto__ = this.prototype;
+  Object.defineProperty(d, 'baseModelName', {
+    value: this.modelName,
+    configurable: true,
+    writable: false
+  });
+
+  // apply methods and statics
+  applyMethods(d, schema);
+  applyStatics(d, schema);
+
+  if (this[subclassedSymbol] != null) {
+    for (const submodel of this[subclassedSymbol]) {
+      submodel.discriminators = submodel.discriminators || {};
+      submodel.discriminators[name] =
+        model.__subclass(model.db, schema, submodel.collection.name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return d;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Make sure `this` is a model
+ */
+
+function _checkContext(ctx, fnName) {
+  // Check context, because it is easy to mistakenly type
+  // `new Model.discriminator()` and get an incomprehensible error
+  if (ctx == null || ctx === global) {
+    throw new MongooseError('`Model.' + fnName + '()` cannot run without a ' +
+      'model as `this`. Make sure you are calling `MyModel.' + fnName + '()` ' +
+      'where `MyModel` is a Mongoose model.');
+  } else if (ctx[modelSymbol] == null) {
+    throw new MongooseError('`Model.' + fnName + '()` cannot run without a ' +
+      'model as `this`. Make sure you are not calling ' +
+      '`new Model.' + fnName + '()`');
+  }
+}
+
+// Model (class) features
+
+/*!
+ * Give the constructor the ability to emit events.
+ */
+
+for (const i in EventEmitter.prototype) {
+  Model[i] = EventEmitter.prototype[i];
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function is responsible for building [indexes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/indexes/),
+ * unless [`autoIndex`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#autoIndex) is turned off.
+ *
+ * Mongoose calls this function automatically when a model is created using
+ * [`mongoose.model()`](/docs/api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-model) or
+ * [`connection.model()`](/docs/api.html#connection_Connection-model), so you
+ * don't need to call it. This function is also idempotent, so you may call it
+ * to get back a promise that will resolve when your indexes are finished
+ * building as an alternative to [`MyModel.on('index')`](/docs/guide.html#indexes)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const eventSchema = new Schema({ thing: { type: 'string', unique: true }})
+ *     // This calls `Event.init()` implicitly, so you don't need to call
+ *     // `Event.init()` on your own.
+ *     const Event = mongoose.model('Event', eventSchema);
+ *
+ *     Event.init().then(function(Event) {
+ *       // You can also use `Event.on('index')` if you prefer event emitters
+ *       // over promises.
+ *       console.log('Indexes are done building!');
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @returns {Promise}
+ */
+
+Model.init = function init(callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'init');
+
+  this.schema.emit('init', this);
+
+  if (this.$init != null) {
+    if (callback) {
+      this.$init.then(() => callback(), err => callback(err));
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.$init;
+  }
+
+  const Promise = PromiseProvider.get();
+  const autoIndex = utils.getOption('autoIndex',
+    this.schema.options, this.db.config, this.db.base.options);
+  const autoCreate = utils.getOption('autoCreate',
+    this.schema.options, this.db.config, this.db.base.options);
+
+  const _ensureIndexes = autoIndex ?
+    cb => this.ensureIndexes({ _automatic: true }, cb) :
+    cb => cb();
+  const _createCollection = autoCreate ?
+    cb => this.createCollection({}, cb) :
+    cb => cb();
+
+  this.$init = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    _createCollection(error => {
+      if (error) {
+        return reject(error);
+      }
+      _ensureIndexes(error => {
+        if (error) {
+          return reject(error);
+        }
+        resolve(this);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  if (callback) {
+    this.$init.then(() => callback(), err => callback(err));
+    this.$caught = true;
+    return null;
+  } else {
+    const _catch = this.$init.catch;
+    const _this = this;
+    this.$init.catch = function() {
+      this.$caught = true;
+      return _catch.apply(_this.$init, arguments);
+    };
+  }
+
+  return this.$init;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Create the collection for this model. By default, if no indexes are specified,
+ * mongoose will not create the collection for the model until any documents are
+ * created. Use this method to create the collection explicitly.
+ *
+ * Note 1: You may need to call this before starting a transaction
+ * See https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/transactions/#transactions-and-operations
+ *
+ * Note 2: You don't have to call this if your schema contains index or unique field.
+ * In that case, just use `Model.init()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const userSchema = new Schema({ name: String })
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
+ *
+ *     User.createCollection().then(function(collection) {
+ *       console.log('Collection is created!');
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {Object} [options] see [MongoDB driver docs](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Db.html#createCollection)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @returns {Promise}
+ */
+
+Model.createCollection = function createCollection(options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'createCollection');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    throw new MongooseError('You can\'t specify a new collection name in Model.createCollection.' +
+      'This is not like Connection.createCollection. Only options are accepted here.');
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const schemaCollation = get(this, 'schema.options.collation', null);
+  if (schemaCollation != null) {
+    options = Object.assign({ collation: schemaCollation }, options);
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    this.db.createCollection(this.$__collection.collectionName, options, utils.tick((error) => {
+      if (error != null && error.codeName !== 'NamespaceExists') {
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+      this.$__collection = this.db.collection(this.$__collection.collectionName, options);
+      cb(null, this.$__collection);
+    }));
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Makes the indexes in MongoDB match the indexes defined in this model's
+ * schema. This function will drop any indexes that are not defined in
+ * the model's schema except the `_id` index, and build any indexes that
+ * are in your schema but not in MongoDB.
+ *
+ * See the [introductory blog post](http://thecodebarbarian.com/whats-new-in-mongoose-5-2-syncindexes)
+ * for more information.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: { type: String, unique: true } });
+ *     const Customer = mongoose.model('Customer', schema);
+ *     await Customer.collection.createIndex({ age: 1 }); // Index is not in schema
+ *     // Will drop the 'age' index and create an index on `name`
+ *     await Customer.syncIndexes();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] options to pass to `ensureIndexes()`
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.background=null] if specified, overrides each index's `background` property
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise|undefined} Returns `undefined` if callback is specified, returns a promise if no callback.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.syncIndexes = function syncIndexes(options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'syncIndexes');
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    this.createCollection(err => {
+      if (err != null && err.codeName !== 'NamespaceExists') {
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+      this.cleanIndexes((err, dropped) => {
+        if (err != null) {
+          return cb(err);
+        }
+        this.createIndexes(options, err => {
+          if (err != null) {
+            return cb(err);
+          }
+          cb(null, dropped);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes all indexes that aren't defined in this model's schema. Used by
+ * `syncIndexes()`.
+ *
+ * The returned promise resolves to a list of the dropped indexes' names as an array
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise|undefined} Returns `undefined` if callback is specified, returns a promise if no callback.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.cleanIndexes = function cleanIndexes(callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'cleanIndexes');
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    const collection = this.$__collection;
+
+    this.listIndexes((err, indexes) => {
+      if (err != null) {
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+
+      const schemaIndexes = this.schema.indexes();
+      const toDrop = [];
+
+      for (const index of indexes) {
+        let found = false;
+        // Never try to drop `_id` index, MongoDB server doesn't allow it
+        if (isDefaultIdIndex(index)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        for (const schemaIndex of schemaIndexes) {
+          const key = schemaIndex[0];
+          const options = _decorateDiscriminatorIndexOptions(this,
+            utils.clone(schemaIndex[1]));
+          if (isIndexEqual(key, options, index)) {
+            found = true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!found) {
+          toDrop.push(index.name);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (toDrop.length === 0) {
+        return cb(null, []);
+      }
+
+      dropIndexes(toDrop, cb);
+    });
+
+    function dropIndexes(toDrop, cb) {
+      let remaining = toDrop.length;
+      let error = false;
+      toDrop.forEach(indexName => {
+        collection.dropIndex(indexName, err => {
+          if (err != null) {
+            error = true;
+            return cb(err);
+          }
+          if (!error) {
+            --remaining || cb(null, toDrop);
+          }
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Lists the indexes currently defined in MongoDB. This may or may not be
+ * the same as the indexes defined in your schema depending on whether you
+ * use the [`autoIndex` option](/docs/guide.html#autoIndex) and if you
+ * build indexes manually.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [cb] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise|undefined} Returns `undefined` if callback is specified, returns a promise if no callback.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.listIndexes = function init(callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'listIndexes');
+
+  const _listIndexes = cb => {
+    this.$__collection.listIndexes().toArray(cb);
+  };
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    // Buffering
+    if (this.$__collection.buffer) {
+      this.$__collection.addQueue(_listIndexes, [cb]);
+    } else {
+      _listIndexes(cb);
+    }
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends `createIndex` commands to mongo for each index declared in the schema.
+ * The `createIndex` commands are sent in series.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Event.ensureIndexes(function (err) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * After completion, an `index` event is emitted on this `Model` passing an error if one occurred.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const eventSchema = new Schema({ thing: { type: 'string', unique: true }})
+ *     const Event = mongoose.model('Event', eventSchema);
+ *
+ *     Event.on('index', function (err) {
+ *       if (err) console.error(err); // error occurred during index creation
+ *     })
+ *
+ * _NOTE: It is not recommended that you run this in production. Index creation may impact database performance depending on your load. Use with caution._
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] internal options
+ * @param {Function} [cb] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.ensureIndexes = function ensureIndexes(options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'ensureIndexes');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    _ensureIndexes(this, options || {}, error => {
+      if (error) {
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+      cb(null);
+    });
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Similar to `ensureIndexes()`, except for it uses the [`createIndex`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#createIndex)
+ * function.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] internal options
+ * @param {Function} [cb] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.createIndexes = function createIndexes(options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'createIndexes');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+  options.createIndex = true;
+  return this.ensureIndexes(options, callback);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _ensureIndexes(model, options, callback) {
+  const indexes = model.schema.indexes();
+  let indexError;
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const done = function(err) {
+    if (err && !model.$caught) {
+      model.emit('error', err);
+    }
+    model.emit('index', err || indexError);
+    callback && callback(err || indexError);
+  };
+
+  for (const index of indexes) {
+    if (isDefaultIdIndex(index)) {
+      console.warn('mongoose: Cannot specify a custom index on `_id` for ' +
+        'model name "' + model.modelName + '", ' +
+        'MongoDB does not allow overwriting the default `_id` index. See ' +
+        'http://bit.ly/mongodb-id-index');
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!indexes.length) {
+    immediate(function() {
+      done();
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+  // Indexes are created one-by-one to support how MongoDB < 2.4 deals
+  // with background indexes.
+
+  const indexSingleDone = function(err, fields, options, name) {
+    model.emit('index-single-done', err, fields, options, name);
+  };
+  const indexSingleStart = function(fields, options) {
+    model.emit('index-single-start', fields, options);
+  };
+
+  const baseSchema = model.schema._baseSchema;
+  const baseSchemaIndexes = baseSchema ? baseSchema.indexes() : [];
+
+  const create = function() {
+    if (options._automatic) {
+      if (model.schema.options.autoIndex === false ||
+          (model.schema.options.autoIndex == null && model.db.config.autoIndex === false)) {
+        return done();
+      }
+    }
+
+    const index = indexes.shift();
+    if (!index) {
+      return done();
+    }
+    if (options._automatic && index[1]._autoIndex === false) {
+      return create();
+    }
+
+    if (baseSchemaIndexes.find(i => utils.deepEqual(i, index))) {
+      return create();
+    }
+
+    const indexFields = utils.clone(index[0]);
+    const indexOptions = utils.clone(index[1]);
+    let isTextIndex = false;
+    for (const key of Object.keys(indexFields)) {
+      if (indexFields[key] === 'text') {
+        isTextIndex = true;
+      }
+    }
+    delete indexOptions._autoIndex;
+    _decorateDiscriminatorIndexOptions(model, indexOptions);
+    if ('safe' in options) {
+      _handleSafe(options);
+    }
+    applyWriteConcern(model.schema, indexOptions);
+
+    indexSingleStart(indexFields, options);
+    let useCreateIndex = !!model.base.options.useCreateIndex;
+    if ('useCreateIndex' in model.db.config) {
+      useCreateIndex = !!model.db.config.useCreateIndex;
+    }
+    if ('createIndex' in options) {
+      useCreateIndex = !!options.createIndex;
+    }
+    if ('background' in options) {
+      indexOptions.background = options.background;
+    }
+    if (model.schema.options.hasOwnProperty('collation') &&
+        !indexOptions.hasOwnProperty('collation') &&
+        !isTextIndex) {
+      indexOptions.collation = model.schema.options.collation;
+    }
+
+    const methodName = useCreateIndex ? 'createIndex' : 'ensureIndex';
+    model.collection[methodName](indexFields, indexOptions, utils.tick(function(err, name) {
+      indexSingleDone(err, indexFields, indexOptions, name);
+      if (err) {
+        if (!indexError) {
+          indexError = err;
+        }
+        if (!model.$caught) {
+          model.emit('error', err);
+        }
+      }
+      create();
+    }));
+  };
+
+  immediate(function() {
+    // If buffering is off, do this manually.
+    if (options._automatic && !model.collection.collection) {
+      model.collection.addQueue(create, []);
+    } else {
+      create();
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function _decorateDiscriminatorIndexOptions(model, indexOptions) {
+  // If the model is a discriminator and it has a unique index, add a
+  // partialFilterExpression by default so the unique index will only apply
+  // to that discriminator.
+  if (model.baseModelName != null &&
+    !('partialFilterExpression' in indexOptions) &&
+    !('sparse' in indexOptions)) {
+    const value = (
+      model.schema.discriminatorMapping &&
+      model.schema.discriminatorMapping.value
+    ) || model.modelName;
+    const discriminatorKey = model.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+
+    indexOptions.partialFilterExpression = { [discriminatorKey]: value };
+  }
+  return indexOptions;
+}
+
+const safeDeprecationWarning = 'Mongoose: the `safe` option for `save()` is ' +
+  'deprecated. Use the `w` option instead: http://bit.ly/mongoose-save';
+
+const _handleSafe = util.deprecate(function _handleSafe(options) {
+  if (options.safe) {
+    if (typeof options.safe === 'boolean') {
+      options.w = options.safe;
+      delete options.safe;
+    }
+    if (typeof options.safe === 'object') {
+      options.w = options.safe.w;
+      options.j = options.safe.j;
+      options.wtimeout = options.safe.wtimeout;
+      delete options.safe;
+    }
+  }
+}, safeDeprecationWarning);
+
+/**
+ * Schema the model uses.
+ *
+ * @property schema
+ * @receiver Model
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Model
+ */
+
+Model.schema;
+
+/*!
+ * Connection instance the model uses.
+ *
+ * @property db
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Model
+ */
+
+Model.db;
+
+/*!
+ * Collection the model uses.
+ *
+ * @property collection
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Model
+ */
+
+Model.collection;
+
+/**
+ * Internal collection the model uses.
+ *
+ * @property collection
+ * @api private
+ * @memberOf Model
+ */
+Model.$__collection;
+
+/**
+ * Base Mongoose instance the model uses.
+ *
+ * @property base
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Model
+ */
+
+Model.base;
+
+/**
+ * Registered discriminators for this model.
+ *
+ * @property discriminators
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Model
+ */
+
+Model.discriminators;
+
+/**
+ * Translate any aliases fields/conditions so the final query or document object is pure
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Character
+ *       .find(Character.translateAliases({
+ *         '名': 'Eddard Stark' // Alias for 'name'
+ *       })
+ *       .exec(function(err, characters) {})
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ * Only translate arguments of object type anything else is returned raw
+ *
+ * @param {Object} raw fields/conditions that may contain aliased keys
+ * @return {Object} the translated 'pure' fields/conditions
+ */
+Model.translateAliases = function translateAliases(fields) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'translateAliases');
+
+  const translate = (key, value) => {
+    let alias;
+    const translated = [];
+    const fieldKeys = key.split('.');
+    let currentSchema = this.schema;
+    for (const i in fieldKeys) {
+      const name = fieldKeys[i];
+      if (currentSchema && currentSchema.aliases[name]) {
+        alias = currentSchema.aliases[name];
+        // Alias found,
+        translated.push(alias);
+      } else {
+        // Alias not found, so treat as un-aliased key
+        translated.push(name);
+      }
+
+      // Check if aliased path is a schema
+      if (currentSchema && currentSchema.paths[alias]) {
+        currentSchema = currentSchema.paths[alias].schema;
+      }
+      else
+        currentSchema = null;
+    }
+
+    const translatedKey = translated.join('.');
+    if (fields instanceof Map)
+      fields.set(translatedKey, value);
+    else
+      fields[translatedKey] = value;
+
+    if (translatedKey !== key) {
+      // We'll be using the translated key instead
+      if (fields instanceof Map) {
+        // Delete from map
+        fields.delete(key);
+      } else {
+        // Delete from object
+        delete fields[key]; // We'll be using the translated key instead
+      }
+    }
+    return fields;
+  };
+
+  if (typeof fields === 'object') {
+    // Fields is an object (query conditions or document fields)
+    if (fields instanceof Map) {
+      // A Map was supplied
+      for (const field of new Map(fields)) {
+        fields = translate(field[0], field[1]);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Infer a regular object was supplied
+      for (const key of Object.keys(fields)) {
+        fields = translate(key, fields[key]);
+        if (key[0] === '$') {
+          if (Array.isArray(fields[key])) {
+            for (const i in fields[key]) {
+              // Recursively translate nested queries
+              fields[key][i] = this.translateAliases(fields[key][i]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return fields;
+  } else {
+    // Don't know typeof fields
+    return fields;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes all documents that match `conditions` from the collection.
+ * To remove just the first document that matches `conditions`, set the `single`
+ * option to true.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const res = await Character.remove({ name: 'Eddard Stark' });
+ *     res.deletedCount; // Number of documents removed
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This method sends a remove command directly to MongoDB, no Mongoose documents
+ * are involved. Because no Mongoose documents are involved, Mongoose does
+ * not execute [document middleware](/docs/middleware.html#types-of-middleware).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conditions
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Session} [options.session=null] the [session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/) associated with this operation.
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.remove = function remove(conditions, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'remove');
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  // get the mongodb collection object
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.setOptions(options);
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.remove(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes the first document that matches `conditions` from the collection.
+ * Behaves like `remove()`, but deletes at most one document regardless of the
+ * `single` option.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     await Character.deleteOne({ name: 'Eddard Stark' });
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This function triggers `deleteOne` query hooks. Read the
+ * [middleware docs](/docs/middleware.html#naming) to learn more.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conditions
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.deleteOne = function deleteOne(conditions, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'deleteOne');
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  }
+  else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.setOptions(options);
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.deleteOne(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes all of the documents that match `conditions` from the collection.
+ * Behaves like `remove()`, but deletes all documents that match `conditions`
+ * regardless of the `single` option.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     await Character.deleteMany({ name: /Stark/, age: { $gte: 18 } });
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This function triggers `deleteMany` query hooks. Read the
+ * [middleware docs](/docs/middleware.html#naming) to learn more.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conditions
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.deleteMany = function deleteMany(conditions, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'deleteMany');
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.setOptions(options);
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.deleteMany(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finds documents.
+ *
+ * Mongoose casts the `filter` to match the model's schema before the command is sent.
+ * See our [query casting tutorial](/docs/tutorials/query_casting.html) for
+ * more information on how Mongoose casts `filter`.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     // find all documents
+ *     await MyModel.find({});
+ *
+ *     // find all documents named john and at least 18
+ *     await MyModel.find({ name: 'john', age: { $gte: 18 } }).exec();
+ *
+ *     // executes, passing results to callback
+ *     MyModel.find({ name: 'john', age: { $gte: 18 }}, function (err, docs) {});
+ *
+ *     // executes, name LIKE john and only selecting the "name" and "friends" fields
+ *     await MyModel.find({ name: /john/i }, 'name friends').exec();
+ *
+ *     // passing options
+ *     await MyModel.find({ name: /john/i }, null, { skip: 10 }).exec();
+ *
+ * @param {Object|ObjectId} filter
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [projection] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see field selection #query_Query-select
+ * @see query casting /docs/tutorials/query_casting.html
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.find = function find(conditions, projection, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'find');
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    projection = null;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof projection === 'function') {
+    callback = projection;
+    projection = null;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.select(projection);
+
+  mq.setOptions(options);
+  if (this.schema.discriminatorMapping &&
+      this.schema.discriminatorMapping.isRoot &&
+      mq.selectedInclusively()) {
+    // Need to select discriminator key because original schema doesn't have it
+    mq.select(this.schema.options.discriminatorKey);
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.find(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finds a single document by its _id field. `findById(id)` is almost*
+ * equivalent to `findOne({ _id: id })`. If you want to query by a document's
+ * `_id`, use `findById()` instead of `findOne()`.
+ *
+ * The `id` is cast based on the Schema before sending the command.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOne()`
+ *
+ * \* Except for how it treats `undefined`. If you use `findOne()`, you'll see
+ * that `findOne(undefined)` and `findOne({ _id: undefined })` are equivalent
+ * to `findOne({})` and return arbitrary documents. However, mongoose
+ * translates `findById(undefined)` into `findOne({ _id: null })`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Find the adventure with the given `id`, or `null` if not found
+ *     await Adventure.findById(id).exec();
+ *
+ *     // using callback
+ *     Adventure.findById(id, function (err, adventure) {});
+ *
+ *     // select only the adventures name and length
+ *     await Adventure.findById(id, 'name length').exec();
+ *
+ * @param {Any} id value of `_id` to query by
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [projection] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see field selection #query_Query-select
+ * @see lean queries /docs/tutorials/lean.html
+ * @see findById in Mongoose https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/mongoose/find-by-id
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findById = function findById(id, projection, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findById');
+
+  if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
+    id = null;
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.findOne({ _id: id }, projection, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finds one document.
+ *
+ * The `conditions` are cast to their respective SchemaTypes before the command is sent.
+ *
+ * *Note:* `conditions` is optional, and if `conditions` is null or undefined,
+ * mongoose will send an empty `findOne` command to MongoDB, which will return
+ * an arbitrary document. If you're querying by `_id`, use `findById()` instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Find one adventure whose `country` is 'Croatia', otherwise `null`
+ *     await Adventure.findOne({ country: 'Croatia' }).exec();
+ *
+ *     // using callback
+ *     Adventure.findOne({ country: 'Croatia' }, function (err, adventure) {});
+ *
+ *     // select only the adventures name and length
+ *     await Adventure.findOne({ country: 'Croatia' }, 'name length').exec();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [conditions]
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [projection] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see field selection #query_Query-select
+ * @see lean queries /docs/tutorials/lean.html
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findOne = function findOne(conditions, projection, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findOne');
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof projection === 'function') {
+    callback = projection;
+    projection = null;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    projection = null;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.select(projection);
+
+  mq.setOptions(options);
+  if (this.schema.discriminatorMapping &&
+      this.schema.discriminatorMapping.isRoot &&
+      mq.selectedInclusively()) {
+    mq.select(this.schema.options.discriminatorKey);
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+  return mq.findOne(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Estimates the number of documents in the MongoDB collection. Faster than
+ * using `countDocuments()` for large collections because
+ * `estimatedDocumentCount()` uses collection metadata rather than scanning
+ * the entire collection.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const numAdventures = Adventure.estimatedDocumentCount();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.estimatedDocumentCount = function estimatedDocumentCount(options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'estimatedDocumentCount');
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.estimatedDocumentCount(options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Counts number of documents matching `filter` in a database collection.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Adventure.countDocuments({ type: 'jungle' }, function (err, count) {
+ *       console.log('there are %d jungle adventures', count);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * If you want to count all documents in a large collection,
+ * use the [`estimatedDocumentCount()` function](/docs/api.html#model_Model.estimatedDocumentCount)
+ * instead. If you call `countDocuments({})`, MongoDB will always execute
+ * a full collection scan and **not** use any indexes.
+ *
+ * The `countDocuments()` function is similar to `count()`, but there are a
+ * [few operators that `countDocuments()` does not support](https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#countDocuments).
+ * Below are the operators that `count()` supports but `countDocuments()` does not,
+ * and the suggested replacement:
+ *
+ * - `$where`: [`$expr`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/expr/)
+ * - `$near`: [`$geoWithin`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/) with [`$center`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/center/#op._S_center)
+ * - `$nearSphere`: [`$geoWithin`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/) with [`$centerSphere`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/centerSphere/#op._S_centerSphere)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.countDocuments = function countDocuments(conditions, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'countDocuments');
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.countDocuments(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Counts number of documents that match `filter` in a database collection.
+ *
+ * This method is deprecated. If you want to count the number of documents in
+ * a collection, e.g. `count({})`, use the [`estimatedDocumentCount()` function](/docs/api.html#model_Model.estimatedDocumentCount)
+ * instead. Otherwise, use the [`countDocuments()`](/docs/api.html#model_Model.countDocuments) function instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Adventure.count({ type: 'jungle' }, function (err, count) {
+ *       if (err) ..
+ *       console.log('there are %d jungle adventures', count);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.count = function count(conditions, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'count');
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.count(conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Query for a `distinct` operation.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Link.distinct('url', { clicks: {$gt: 100}}, function (err, result) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *
+ *       assert(Array.isArray(result));
+ *       console.log('unique urls with more than 100 clicks', result);
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     const query = Link.distinct('url');
+ *     query.exec(callback);
+ *
+ * @param {String} field
+ * @param {Object} [conditions] optional
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.distinct = function distinct(field, conditions, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'distinct');
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return mq.distinct(field, conditions, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Query, applies the passed conditions, and returns the Query.
+ *
+ * For example, instead of writing:
+ *
+ *     User.find({age: {$gte: 21, $lte: 65}}, callback);
+ *
+ * we can instead write:
+ *
+ *     User.where('age').gte(21).lte(65).exec(callback);
+ *
+ * Since the Query class also supports `where` you can continue chaining
+ *
+ *     User
+ *     .where('age').gte(21).lte(65)
+ *     .where('name', /^b/i)
+ *     ... etc
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} [val] optional value
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.where = function where(path, val) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'where');
+
+  void val; // eslint
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection).find({});
+  return mq.where.apply(mq, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a `Query` and specifies a `$where` condition.
+ *
+ * Sometimes you need to query for things in mongodb using a JavaScript expression. You can do so via `find({ $where: javascript })`, or you can use the mongoose shortcut method $where via a Query chain or from your mongoose Model.
+ *
+ *     Blog.$where('this.username.indexOf("val") !== -1').exec(function (err, docs) {});
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} argument is a javascript string or anonymous function
+ * @method $where
+ * @memberOf Model
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Query.$where #query_Query-%24where
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.$where = function $where() {
+  _checkContext(this, '$where');
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection).find({});
+  return mq.$where.apply(mq, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issues a mongodb findAndModify update command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, updates it according to the `update` arg, passing any `options`, and returns the found document (if any) to the callback. The query executes if `callback` is passed else a Query object is returned.
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `new`: bool - if true, return the modified document rather than the original. defaults to false (changed in 4.0)
+ * - `upsert`: bool - creates the object if it doesn't exist. defaults to false.
+ * - `overwrite`: bool - if true, replace the entire document.
+ * - `fields`: {Object|String} - Field selection. Equivalent to `.select(fields).findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `runValidators`: if true, runs [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) on this command. Update validators validate the update operation against the model's schema.
+ * - `setDefaultsOnInsert`: if this and `upsert` are true, mongoose will apply the [defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/defaults.html) specified in the model's schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on [MongoDB's `$setOnInsert` operator](https://docs.mongodb.org/v2.4/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/).
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `strict`: overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     A.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options)  // returns Query
+ *     A.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update)           // returns Query
+ *     A.findOneAndUpdate()                             // returns Query
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * All top level update keys which are not `atomic` operation names are treated as set operations:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = { name: 'borne' };
+ *     Model.findOneAndUpdate(query, { name: 'jason bourne' }, options, callback)
+ *
+ *     // is sent as
+ *     Model.findOneAndUpdate(query, { $set: { name: 'jason bourne' }}, options, callback)
+ *
+ * This helps prevent accidentally overwriting your document with `{ name: 'jason bourne' }`.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * Values are cast to their appropriate types when using the findAndModify helpers.
+ * However, the below are not executed by default.
+ *
+ * - defaults. Use the `setDefaultsOnInsert` option to override.
+ *
+ * `findAndModify` helpers support limited validation. You can
+ * enable these by setting the `runValidators` options,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * If you need full-fledged validation, use the traditional approach of first
+ * retrieving the document.
+ *
+ *     Model.findById(id, function (err, doc) {
+ *       if (err) ..
+ *       doc.name = 'jason bourne';
+ *       doc.save(callback);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [conditions]
+ * @param {Object} [update]
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.new=false] By default, `findOneAndUpdate()` returns the document as it was **before** `update` was applied. If you set `new: true`, `findOneAndUpdate()` will instead give you the object after `update` was applied. To change the default to `true`, use `mongoose.set('returnOriginal', false);`.
+ * @param {Object} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and [the Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.returnOriginal=null] An alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal: false` is equivalent to `new: true`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.overwrite=false] By default, if you don't include any [update operators](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/) in `update`, Mongoose will wrap `update` in `$set` for you. This prevents you from accidentally overwriting the document. This option tells Mongoose to skip adding `$set`. An alternative to this would be using [Model.findOneAndReplace(conditions, update, options, callback)](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/model.html#model_Model.findOneAndReplace).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [options.projection=null] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Tutorial /docs/tutorials/findoneandupdate.html
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findOneAndUpdate = function(conditions, update, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findOneAndUpdate');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+      const msg = 'Model.findOneAndUpdate(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options, callback)\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options)\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update)\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndUpdate(update)\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndUpdate()\n';
+      throw new TypeError(msg);
+    }
+    update = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  let fields;
+  if (options) {
+    fields = options.fields || options.projection;
+  }
+
+  update = utils.clone(update, {
+    depopulate: true,
+    _isNested: true
+  });
+
+  _decorateUpdateWithVersionKey(update, options, this.schema.options.versionKey);
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.select(fields);
+
+  return mq.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options, callback);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Decorate the update with a version key, if necessary
+ */
+
+function _decorateUpdateWithVersionKey(update, options, versionKey) {
+  if (!versionKey || !get(options, 'upsert', false)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const updatedPaths = modifiedPaths(update);
+  if (!updatedPaths[versionKey]) {
+    if (options.overwrite) {
+      update[versionKey] = 0;
+    } else {
+      if (!update.$setOnInsert) {
+        update.$setOnInsert = {};
+      }
+      update.$setOnInsert[versionKey] = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Issues a mongodb findAndModify update command by a document's _id field.
+ * `findByIdAndUpdate(id, ...)` is equivalent to `findOneAndUpdate({ _id: id }, ...)`.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, updates it according to the `update` arg,
+ * passing any `options`, and returns the found document (if any) to the
+ * callback. The query executes if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `new`: bool - true to return the modified document rather than the original. defaults to false
+ * - `upsert`: bool - creates the object if it doesn't exist. defaults to false.
+ * - `runValidators`: if true, runs [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) on this command. Update validators validate the update operation against the model's schema.
+ * - `setDefaultsOnInsert`: if this and `upsert` are true, mongoose will apply the [defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/defaults.html) specified in the model's schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on [MongoDB's `$setOnInsert` operator](https://docs.mongodb.org/v2.4/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/).
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `select`: sets the document fields to return
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `strict`: overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     A.findByIdAndUpdate(id, update, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findByIdAndUpdate(id, update, options)  // returns Query
+ *     A.findByIdAndUpdate(id, update, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findByIdAndUpdate(id, update)           // returns Query
+ *     A.findByIdAndUpdate()                     // returns Query
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * All top level update keys which are not `atomic` operation names are treated as set operations:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Model.findByIdAndUpdate(id, { name: 'jason bourne' }, options, callback)
+ *
+ *     // is sent as
+ *     Model.findByIdAndUpdate(id, { $set: { name: 'jason bourne' }}, options, callback)
+ *
+ * This helps prevent accidentally overwriting your document with `{ name: 'jason bourne' }`.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * Values are cast to their appropriate types when using the findAndModify helpers.
+ * However, the below are not executed by default.
+ *
+ * - defaults. Use the `setDefaultsOnInsert` option to override.
+ *
+ * `findAndModify` helpers support limited validation. You can
+ * enable these by setting the `runValidators` options,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * If you need full-fledged validation, use the traditional approach of first
+ * retrieving the document.
+ *
+ *     Model.findById(id, function (err, doc) {
+ *       if (err) ..
+ *       doc.name = 'jason bourne';
+ *       doc.save(callback);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Number|String} id value of `_id` to query by
+ * @param {Object} [update]
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.new=false] By default, `findByIdAndUpdate()` returns the document as it was **before** `update` was applied. If you set `new: true`, `findOneAndUpdate()` will instead give you the object after `update` was applied. To change the default to `true`, use `mongoose.set('returnOriginal', false);`.
+ * @param {Object} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and [the Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.returnOriginal=null] An alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal: false` is equivalent to `new: true`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.overwrite=false] By default, if you don't include any [update operators](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/) in `update`, Mongoose will wrap `update` in `$set` for you. This prevents you from accidentally overwriting the document. This option tells Mongoose to skip adding `$set`. An alternative to this would be using [Model.findOneAndReplace({ _id: id }, update, options, callback)](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/model.html#model_Model.findOneAndReplace).
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Model.findOneAndUpdate #model_Model.findOneAndUpdate
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findByIdAndUpdate = function(id, update, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findByIdAndUpdate');
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    if (typeof id === 'function') {
+      const msg = 'Model.findByIdAndUpdate(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndUpdate(id, callback)\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndUpdate(id)\n'
+          + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndUpdate()\n';
+      throw new TypeError(msg);
+    }
+    return this.findOneAndUpdate({ _id: id }, undefined);
+  }
+
+  // if a model is passed in instead of an id
+  if (id instanceof Document) {
+    id = id._id;
+  }
+
+  return this.findOneAndUpdate.call(this, { _id: id }, update, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issue a MongoDB `findOneAndDelete()` command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, and passes the found document
+ * (if any) to the callback.
+ *
+ * Executes the query if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ *
+ * This function differs slightly from `Model.findOneAndRemove()` in that
+ * `findOneAndRemove()` becomes a [MongoDB `findAndModify()` command](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findAndModify/),
+ * as opposed to a `findOneAndDelete()` command. For most mongoose use cases,
+ * this distinction is purely pedantic. You should use `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * unless you have a good reason not to.
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `select`: sets the document fields to return, ex. `{ projection: { _id: 0 } }`
+ * - `projection`: equivalent to `select`
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `strict`: overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     A.findOneAndDelete(conditions, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndDelete(conditions, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.findOneAndDelete(conditions, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndDelete(conditions) // returns Query
+ *     A.findOneAndDelete()           // returns Query
+ *
+ * Values are cast to their appropriate types when using the findAndModify helpers.
+ * However, the below are not executed by default.
+ *
+ * - defaults. Use the `setDefaultsOnInsert` option to override.
+ *
+ * `findAndModify` helpers support limited validation. You can
+ * enable these by setting the `runValidators` options,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * If you need full-fledged validation, use the traditional approach of first
+ * retrieving the document.
+ *
+ *     Model.findById(id, function (err, doc) {
+ *       if (err) ..
+ *       doc.name = 'jason bourne';
+ *       doc.save(callback);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conditions
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [options.projection=null] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findOneAndDelete = function(conditions, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findOneAndDelete');
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    const msg = 'Model.findOneAndDelete(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndDelete(conditions, callback)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndDelete(conditions)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndDelete()\n';
+    throw new TypeError(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  let fields;
+  if (options) {
+    fields = options.select;
+    options.select = undefined;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.select(fields);
+
+  return mq.findOneAndDelete(conditions, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issue a MongoDB `findOneAndDelete()` command by a document's _id field.
+ * In other words, `findByIdAndDelete(id)` is a shorthand for
+ * `findOneAndDelete({ _id: id })`.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Number|String} id value of `_id` to query by
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Model.findOneAndRemove #model_Model.findOneAndRemove
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ */
+
+Model.findByIdAndDelete = function(id, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findByIdAndDelete');
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof id === 'function') {
+    const msg = 'Model.findByIdAndDelete(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndDelete(id, callback)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndDelete(id)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndDelete()\n';
+    throw new TypeError(msg);
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.findOneAndDelete({ _id: id }, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issue a MongoDB `findOneAndReplace()` command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, replaces it with the provided doc, and passes the
+ * returned doc to the callback.
+ *
+ * Executes the query if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following query middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndReplace()`
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `select`: sets the document fields to return
+ * - `projection`: like select, it determines which fields to return, ex. `{ projection: { _id: 0 } }`
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `strict`: overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     A.findOneAndReplace(conditions, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndReplace(conditions, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.findOneAndReplace(conditions, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndReplace(conditions) // returns Query
+ *     A.findOneAndReplace()           // returns Query
+ *
+ * Values are cast to their appropriate types when using the findAndModify helpers.
+ * However, the below are not executed by default.
+ *
+ * - defaults. Use the `setDefaultsOnInsert` option to override.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter Replace the first document that matches this filter
+ * @param {Object} [replacement] Replace with this document
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.new=false] By default, `findOneAndReplace()` returns the document as it was **before** `update` was applied. If you set `new: true`, `findOneAndReplace()` will instead give you the object after `update` was applied. To change the default to `true`, use `mongoose.set('returnOriginal', false);`.
+ * @param {Object} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and [the Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.returnOriginal=null] An alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal: false` is equivalent to `new: true`.
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [options.projection=null] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findOneAndReplace = function(filter, replacement, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findOneAndReplace');
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof filter === 'function') {
+    const msg = 'Model.findOneAndReplace(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndReplace(conditions, callback)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndReplace(conditions)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndReplace()\n';
+    throw new TypeError(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (arguments.length === 3 && typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = replacement;
+    replacement = void 0;
+  }
+  if (arguments.length === 2 && typeof replacement === 'function') {
+    callback = replacement;
+    replacement = void 0;
+    options = void 0;
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  let fields;
+  if (options) {
+    fields = options.select;
+    options.select = undefined;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.select(fields);
+
+  return mq.findOneAndReplace(filter, replacement, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issue a mongodb findAndModify remove command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, passing the found document (if any) to the callback.
+ *
+ * Executes the query if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndRemove()`
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `select`: sets the document fields to return
+ * - `projection`: like select, it determines which fields to return, ex. `{ projection: { _id: 0 } }`
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `strict`: overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     A.findOneAndRemove(conditions, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndRemove(conditions, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.findOneAndRemove(conditions, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findOneAndRemove(conditions) // returns Query
+ *     A.findOneAndRemove()           // returns Query
+ *
+ * Values are cast to their appropriate types when using the findAndModify helpers.
+ * However, the below are not executed by default.
+ *
+ * - defaults. Use the `setDefaultsOnInsert` option to override.
+ *
+ * `findAndModify` helpers support limited validation. You can
+ * enable these by setting the `runValidators` options,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * If you need full-fledged validation, use the traditional approach of first
+ * retrieving the document.
+ *
+ *     Model.findById(id, function (err, doc) {
+ *       if (err) ..
+ *       doc.name = 'jason bourne';
+ *       doc.save(callback);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conditions
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [options.projection=null] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.findOneAndRemove = function(conditions, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findOneAndRemove');
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    const msg = 'Model.findOneAndRemove(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndRemove(conditions, callback)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndRemove(conditions)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findOneAndRemove()\n';
+    throw new TypeError(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  let fields;
+  if (options) {
+    fields = options.select;
+    options.select = undefined;
+  }
+
+  const mq = new this.Query({}, {}, this, this.$__collection);
+  mq.select(fields);
+
+  return mq.findOneAndRemove(conditions, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issue a mongodb findAndModify remove command by a document's _id field. `findByIdAndRemove(id, ...)` is equivalent to `findOneAndRemove({ _id: id }, ...)`.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, passing the found document (if any) to the callback.
+ *
+ * Executes the query if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndRemove()`
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `select`: sets the document fields to return
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `strict`: overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     A.findByIdAndRemove(id, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findByIdAndRemove(id, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.findByIdAndRemove(id, callback) // executes
+ *     A.findByIdAndRemove(id) // returns Query
+ *     A.findByIdAndRemove()           // returns Query
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Number|String} id value of `_id` to query by
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [options.projection=null] optional fields to return, see [`Query.prototype.select()`](#query_Query-select)
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Model.findOneAndRemove #model_Model.findOneAndRemove
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ */
+
+Model.findByIdAndRemove = function(id, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'findByIdAndRemove');
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof id === 'function') {
+    const msg = 'Model.findByIdAndRemove(): First argument must not be a function.\n\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndRemove(id, callback)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndRemove(id)\n'
+        + '  ' + this.modelName + '.findByIdAndRemove()\n';
+    throw new TypeError(msg);
+  }
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.findOneAndRemove({ _id: id }, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Shortcut for saving one or more documents to the database.
+ * `MyModel.create(docs)` does `new MyModel(doc).save()` for every doc in
+ * docs.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `save()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Insert one new `Character` document
+ *     await Character.create({ name: 'Jean-Luc Picard' });
+ *
+ *     // Insert multiple new `Character` documents
+ *     await Character.create([{ name: 'Will Riker' }, { name: 'Geordi LaForge' }]);
+ *
+ *     // Create a new character within a transaction. Note that you **must**
+ *     // pass an array as the first parameter to `create()` if you want to
+ *     // specify options.
+ *     await Character.create([{ name: 'Jean-Luc Picard' }], { session });
+ *
+ * @param {Array|Object} docs Documents to insert, as a spread or array
+ * @param {Object} [options] Options passed down to `save()`. To specify `options`, `docs` **must** be an array, not a spread.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.create = function create(doc, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'create');
+
+  let args;
+  let cb;
+  const discriminatorKey = this.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+
+  if (Array.isArray(doc)) {
+    args = doc;
+    cb = typeof options === 'function' ? options : callback;
+    options = options != null && typeof options === 'object' ? options : {};
+  } else {
+    const last = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
+    options = {};
+    // Handle falsy callbacks re: #5061
+    if (typeof last === 'function' || (arguments.length > 1 && !last)) {
+      cb = last;
+      args = utils.args(arguments, 0, arguments.length - 1);
+    } else {
+      args = utils.args(arguments);
+    }
+
+    if (args.length === 2 &&
+        args[0] != null &&
+        args[1] != null &&
+        args[0].session == null &&
+        last.session != null &&
+        last.session.constructor.name === 'ClientSession' &&
+        !this.schema.path('session')) {
+      // Probably means the user is running into the common mistake of trying
+      // to use a spread to specify options, see gh-7535
+      console.warn('WARNING: to pass a `session` to `Model.create()` in ' +
+        'Mongoose, you **must** pass an array as the first argument. See: ' +
+        'https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.create');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(cb, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+    if (args.length === 0) {
+      return cb(null);
+    }
+
+    const toExecute = [];
+    let firstError;
+    args.forEach(doc => {
+      toExecute.push(callback => {
+        const Model = this.discriminators && doc[discriminatorKey] != null ?
+          this.discriminators[doc[discriminatorKey]] || getDiscriminatorByValue(this.discriminators, doc[discriminatorKey]) :
+          this;
+        if (Model == null) {
+          throw new MongooseError(`Discriminator "${doc[discriminatorKey]}" not ` +
+            `found for model "${this.modelName}"`);
+        }
+        let toSave = doc;
+        const callbackWrapper = (error, doc) => {
+          if (error) {
+            if (!firstError) {
+              firstError = error;
+            }
+            return callback(null, { error: error });
+          }
+          callback(null, { doc: doc });
+        };
+
+        if (!(toSave instanceof Model)) {
+          try {
+            toSave = new Model(toSave);
+          } catch (error) {
+            return callbackWrapper(error);
+          }
+        }
+
+        toSave.save(options, callbackWrapper);
+      });
+    });
+
+    let numFns = toExecute.length;
+    if (numFns === 0) {
+      return cb(null, []);
+    }
+    const _done = (error, res) => {
+      const savedDocs = [];
+      const len = res.length;
+      for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        if (res[i].doc) {
+          savedDocs.push(res[i].doc);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (firstError) {
+        return cb(firstError, savedDocs);
+      }
+
+      if (doc instanceof Array) {
+        cb(null, savedDocs);
+      } else {
+        cb.apply(this, [null].concat(savedDocs));
+      }
+    };
+
+    const _res = [];
+    toExecute.forEach((fn, i) => {
+      fn((err, res) => {
+        _res[i] = res;
+        if (--numFns <= 0) {
+          return _done(null, _res);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * _Requires a replica set running MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Watches the
+ * underlying collection for changes using
+ * [MongoDB change streams](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/changeStreams/).
+ *
+ * This function does **not** trigger any middleware. In particular, it
+ * does **not** trigger aggregate middleware.
+ *
+ * The ChangeStream object is an event emitter that emits the following events:
+ *
+ * - 'change': A change occurred, see below example
+ * - 'error': An unrecoverable error occurred. In particular, change streams currently error out if they lose connection to the replica set primary. Follow [this GitHub issue](https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/6799) for updates.
+ * - 'end': Emitted if the underlying stream is closed
+ * - 'close': Emitted if the underlying stream is closed
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const doc = await Person.create({ name: 'Ned Stark' });
+ *     const changeStream = Person.watch().on('change', change => console.log(change));
+ *     // Will print from the above `console.log()`:
+ *     // { _id: { _data: ... },
+ *     //   operationType: 'delete',
+ *     //   ns: { db: 'mydb', coll: 'Person' },
+ *     //   documentKey: { _id: 5a51b125c5500f5aa094c7bd } }
+ *     await doc.remove();
+ *
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline]
+ * @param {Object} [options] see the [mongodb driver options](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.0/api/Collection.html#watch)
+ * @return {ChangeStream} mongoose-specific change stream wrapper, inherits from EventEmitter
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.watch = function(pipeline, options) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'watch');
+
+  const changeStreamThunk = cb => {
+    if (this.$__collection.buffer) {
+      this.$__collection.addQueue(() => {
+        if (this.closed) {
+          return;
+        }
+        const driverChangeStream = this.$__collection.watch(pipeline, options);
+        cb(null, driverChangeStream);
+      });
+    } else {
+      const driverChangeStream = this.$__collection.watch(pipeline, options);
+      cb(null, driverChangeStream);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return new ChangeStream(changeStreamThunk, pipeline, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * _Requires MongoDB >= 3.6.0._ Starts a [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/release-notes/3.6/#client-sessions)
+ * for benefits like causal consistency, [retryable writes](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/retryable-writes/),
+ * and [transactions](http://thecodebarbarian.com/a-node-js-perspective-on-mongodb-4-transactions.html).
+ *
+ * Calling `MyModel.startSession()` is equivalent to calling `MyModel.db.startSession()`.
+ *
+ * This function does not trigger any middleware.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const session = await Person.startSession();
+ *     let doc = await Person.findOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }, null, { session });
+ *     await doc.remove();
+ *     // `doc` will always be null, even if reading from a replica set
+ *     // secondary. Without causal consistency, it is possible to
+ *     // get a doc back from the below query if the query reads from a
+ *     // secondary that is experiencing replication lag.
+ *     doc = await Person.findOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }, null, { session, readPreference: 'secondary' });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] see the [mongodb driver options](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.0/api/MongoClient.html#startSession)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.causalConsistency=true] set to false to disable causal consistency
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise<ClientSession>} promise that resolves to a MongoDB driver `ClientSession`
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.startSession = function() {
+  _checkContext(this, 'startSession');
+
+  return this.db.startSession.apply(this.db, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Shortcut for validating an array of documents and inserting them into
+ * MongoDB if they're all valid. This function is faster than `.create()`
+ * because it only sends one operation to the server, rather than one for each
+ * document.
+ *
+ * Mongoose always validates each document **before** sending `insertMany`
+ * to MongoDB. So if one document has a validation error, no documents will
+ * be saved, unless you set
+ * [the `ordered` option to false](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.insertMany/#error-handling).
+ *
+ * This function does **not** trigger save middleware.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `insertMany()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const arr = [{ name: 'Star Wars' }, { name: 'The Empire Strikes Back' }];
+ *     Movies.insertMany(arr, function(error, docs) {});
+ *
+ * @param {Array|Object|*} doc(s)
+ * @param {Object} [options] see the [mongodb driver options](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#insertMany)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ordered = true] if true, will fail fast on the first error encountered. If false, will insert all the documents it can and report errors later. An `insertMany()` with `ordered = false` is called an "unordered" `insertMany()`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.rawResult = false] if false, the returned promise resolves to the documents that passed mongoose document validation. If `true`, will return the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~insertWriteOpCallback) with a `mongoose` property that contains `validationErrors` if this is an unordered `insertMany`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.lean = false] if `true`, skips hydrating and validating the documents. This option is useful if you need the extra performance, but Mongoose won't validate the documents before inserting.
+ * @param {Number} [options.limit = null] this limits the number of documents being processed (validation/casting) by mongoose in parallel, this does **NOT** send the documents in batches to MongoDB. Use this option if you're processing a large number of documents and your app is running out of memory.
+ * @param {String|Object|Array} [options.populate = null] populates the result documents. This option is a no-op if `rawResult` is set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] callback
+ * @return {Promise} resolving to the raw result from the MongoDB driver if `options.rawResult` was `true`, or the documents that passed validation, otherwise
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.insertMany = function(arr, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'insertMany');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    this.$__insertMany(arr, options, cb);
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Model.$__insertMany = function(arr, options, callback) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  if (callback) {
+    callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+    callback = this.$wrapCallback(callback);
+  }
+  callback = callback || utils.noop;
+  options = options || {};
+  const limit = get(options, 'limit', 1000);
+  const rawResult = get(options, 'rawResult', false);
+  const ordered = get(options, 'ordered', true);
+  const lean = get(options, 'lean', false);
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(arr)) {
+    arr = [arr];
+  }
+
+  const validationErrors = [];
+  const toExecute = arr.map(doc =>
+    callback => {
+      if (!(doc instanceof _this)) {
+        try {
+          doc = new _this(doc);
+        } catch (err) {
+          return callback(err);
+        }
+      }
+      if (options.session != null) {
+        doc.$session(options.session);
+      }
+      // If option `lean` is set to true bypass validation
+      if (lean) {
+        // we have to execute callback at the nextTick to be compatible
+        // with parallelLimit, as `results` variable has TDZ issue if we
+        // execute the callback synchronously
+        return immediate(() => callback(null, doc));
+      }
+      doc.validate({ __noPromise: true }, function(error) {
+        if (error) {
+          // Option `ordered` signals that insert should be continued after reaching
+          // a failing insert. Therefore we delegate "null", meaning the validation
+          // failed. It's up to the next function to filter out all failed models
+          if (ordered === false) {
+            validationErrors.push(error);
+            return callback(null, null);
+          }
+          return callback(error);
+        }
+        callback(null, doc);
+      });
+    });
+
+  parallelLimit(toExecute, limit, function(error, docs) {
+    if (error) {
+      callback(error, null);
+      return;
+    }
+    // We filter all failed pre-validations by removing nulls
+    const docAttributes = docs.filter(function(doc) {
+      return doc != null;
+    });
+    // Quickly escape while there aren't any valid docAttributes
+    if (docAttributes.length < 1) {
+      if (rawResult) {
+        const res = {
+          mongoose: {
+            validationErrors: validationErrors
+          }
+        };
+        return callback(null, res);
+      }
+      callback(null, []);
+      return;
+    }
+    const docObjects = docAttributes.map(function(doc) {
+      if (doc.$__schema.options.versionKey) {
+        doc[doc.$__schema.options.versionKey] = 0;
+      }
+      if (doc.initializeTimestamps) {
+        return doc.initializeTimestamps().toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+      }
+      return doc.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+    });
+
+    _this.$__collection.insertMany(docObjects, options, function(error, res) {
+      if (error) {
+        // `writeErrors` is a property reported by the MongoDB driver,
+        // just not if there's only 1 error.
+        if (error.writeErrors == null &&
+            get(error, 'result.result.writeErrors') != null) {
+          error.writeErrors = error.result.result.writeErrors;
+        }
+
+        // `insertedDocs` is a Mongoose-specific property
+        const erroredIndexes = new Set(get(error, 'writeErrors', []).map(err => err.index));
+
+        let firstErroredIndex = -1;
+        error.insertedDocs = docAttributes.
+          filter((doc, i) => {
+            const isErrored = erroredIndexes.has(i);
+
+            if (ordered) {
+              if (firstErroredIndex > -1) {
+                return i < firstErroredIndex;
+              }
+
+              if (isErrored) {
+                firstErroredIndex = i;
+              }
+            }
+
+            return !isErrored;
+          }).
+          map(function setIsNewForInsertedDoc(doc) {
+            doc.$__reset();
+            _setIsNew(doc, false);
+            return doc;
+          });
+
+        callback(error, null);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      for (const attribute of docAttributes) {
+        attribute.$__reset();
+        _setIsNew(attribute, false);
+      }
+
+      if (rawResult) {
+        if (ordered === false) {
+          // Decorate with mongoose validation errors in case of unordered,
+          // because then still do `insertMany()`
+          res.mongoose = {
+            validationErrors: validationErrors
+          };
+        }
+        return callback(null, res);
+      }
+
+      if (options.populate != null) {
+        return _this.populate(docAttributes, options.populate, err => {
+          if (err != null) {
+            error.insertedDocs = docAttributes;
+            return callback(err);
+          }
+
+          callback(null, docs);
+        });
+      }
+
+      callback(null, docAttributes);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _setIsNew(doc, val) {
+  doc.isNew = val;
+  doc.emit('isNew', val);
+  doc.constructor.emit('isNew', val);
+
+  const subdocs = doc.$getAllSubdocs();
+  for (const subdoc of subdocs) {
+    subdoc.isNew = val;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sends multiple `insertOne`, `updateOne`, `updateMany`, `replaceOne`,
+ * `deleteOne`, and/or `deleteMany` operations to the MongoDB server in one
+ * command. This is faster than sending multiple independent operations (e.g.
+ * if you use `create()`) because with `bulkWrite()` there is only one round
+ * trip to MongoDB.
+ *
+ * Mongoose will perform casting on all operations you provide.
+ *
+ * This function does **not** trigger any middleware, neither `save()`, nor `update()`.
+ * If you need to trigger
+ * `save()` middleware for every document use [`create()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.create) instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Character.bulkWrite([
+ *       {
+ *         insertOne: {
+ *           document: {
+ *             name: 'Eddard Stark',
+ *             title: 'Warden of the North'
+ *           }
+ *         }
+ *       },
+ *       {
+ *         updateOne: {
+ *           filter: { name: 'Eddard Stark' },
+ *           // If you were using the MongoDB driver directly, you'd need to do
+ *           // `update: { $set: { title: ... } }` but mongoose adds $set for
+ *           // you.
+ *           update: { title: 'Hand of the King' }
+ *         }
+ *       },
+ *       {
+ *         deleteOne: {
+ *           {
+ *             filter: { name: 'Eddard Stark' }
+ *           }
+ *         }
+ *       }
+ *     ]).then(res => {
+ *      // Prints "1 1 1"
+ *      console.log(res.insertedCount, res.modifiedCount, res.deletedCount);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * The [supported operations](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.bulkWrite/#db.collection.bulkWrite) are:
+ *
+ * - `insertOne`
+ * - `updateOne`
+ * - `updateMany`
+ * - `deleteOne`
+ * - `deleteMany`
+ * - `replaceOne`
+ *
+ * @param {Array} ops
+ * @param {Object} [ops.insertOne.document] The document to insert
+ * @param {Object} [opts.updateOne.filter] Update the first document that matches this filter
+ * @param {Object} [opts.updateOne.update] An object containing [update operators](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/)
+ * @param {Boolean} [opts.updateOne.upsert=false] If true, insert a doc if none match
+ * @param {Boolean} [opts.updateOne.timestamps=true] If false, do not apply [timestamps](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#timestamps) to the operation
+ * @param {Object} [opts.updateOne.collation] The [MongoDB collation](https://thecodebarbarian.com/a-nodejs-perspective-on-mongodb-34-collations) to use
+ * @param {Array} [opts.updateOne.arrayFilters] The [array filters](https://thecodebarbarian.com/a-nodejs-perspective-on-mongodb-36-array-filters.html) used in `update`
+ * @param {Object} [opts.updateMany.filter] Update all the documents that match this filter
+ * @param {Object} [opts.updateMany.update] An object containing [update operators](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/)
+ * @param {Boolean} [opts.updateMany.upsert=false] If true, insert a doc if no documents match `filter`
+ * @param {Boolean} [opts.updateMany.timestamps=true] If false, do not apply [timestamps](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#timestamps) to the operation
+ * @param {Object} [opts.updateMany.collation] The [MongoDB collation](https://thecodebarbarian.com/a-nodejs-perspective-on-mongodb-34-collations) to use
+ * @param {Array} [opts.updateMany.arrayFilters] The [array filters](https://thecodebarbarian.com/a-nodejs-perspective-on-mongodb-36-array-filters.html) used in `update`
+ * @param {Object} [opts.deleteOne.filter] Delete the first document that matches this filter
+ * @param {Object} [opts.deleteMany.filter] Delete all documents that match this filter
+ * @param {Object} [opts.replaceOne.filter] Replace the first document that matches this filter
+ * @param {Object} [opts.replaceOne.replacement] The replacement document
+ * @param {Boolean} [opts.replaceOne.upsert=false] If true, insert a doc if no documents match `filter`
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.ordered=true] If true, execute writes in order and stop at the first error. If false, execute writes in parallel and continue until all writes have either succeeded or errored.
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this bulk write. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {String|number} [options.w=1] The [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/). See [`Query#w()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-w) for more information.
+ * @param {number} [options.wtimeout=null] The [write concern timeout](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#wtimeout).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.j=true] If false, disable [journal acknowledgement](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#j-option)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.bypassDocumentValidation=false] If true, disable [MongoDB server-side schema validation](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/schema-validation/) for all writes in this bulk.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.strict=null] Overwrites the [`strict` option](/docs/guide.html#strict) on schema. If false, allows filtering and writing fields not defined in the schema for all writes in this bulk.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] callback `function(error, bulkWriteOpResult) {}`
+ * @return {Promise} resolves to a [`BulkWriteOpResult`](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#~BulkWriteOpResult) if the operation succeeds
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.bulkWrite = function(ops, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'bulkWrite');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const validations = ops.map(op => castBulkWrite(this, op, options));
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+    each(validations, (fn, cb) => fn(cb), error => {
+      if (error) {
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+
+      if (ops.length === 0) {
+        return cb(null, getDefaultBulkwriteResult());
+      }
+
+      this.$__collection.bulkWrite(ops, options, (error, res) => {
+        if (error) {
+          return cb(error);
+        }
+
+        cb(null, res);
+      });
+    });
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Shortcut for creating a new Document from existing raw data, pre-saved in the DB.
+ * The document returned has no paths marked as modified initially.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // hydrate previous data into a Mongoose document
+ *     const mongooseCandy = Candy.hydrate({ _id: '54108337212ffb6d459f854c', type: 'jelly bean' });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} [projection] optional projection containing which fields should be selected for this document
+ * @return {Document} document instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.hydrate = function(obj, projection) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'hydrate');
+
+  const model = require('./queryhelpers').createModel(this, obj, projection);
+  model.init(obj);
+  return model;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Updates one document in the database without returning it.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `update()`
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     MyModel.update({ age: { $gt: 18 } }, { oldEnough: true }, fn);
+ *
+ *     const res = await MyModel.update({ name: 'Tobi' }, { ferret: true });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents that matched `{ name: 'Tobi' }`
+ *     // Number of documents that were changed. If every doc matched already
+ *     // had `ferret` set to `true`, `nModified` will be 0.
+ *     res.nModified;
+ *
+ * ####Valid options:
+ *
+ *  - `strict` (boolean): overrides the [schema-level `strict` option](/docs/guide.html#strict) for this update
+ *  - `upsert` (boolean): whether to create the doc if it doesn't match (false)
+ *  - `writeConcern` (object): sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ *  - `omitUndefined` (boolean): If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ *  - `multi` (boolean): whether multiple documents should be updated (false)
+ *  - `runValidators`: if true, runs [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) on this command. Update validators validate the update operation against the model's schema.
+ *  - `setDefaultsOnInsert` (boolean): if this and `upsert` are true, mongoose will apply the [defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/defaults.html) specified in the model's schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on [MongoDB's `$setOnInsert` operator](https://docs.mongodb.org/v2.4/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/).
+ *  - `timestamps` (boolean): If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ *  - `overwrite` (boolean): disables update-only mode, allowing you to overwrite the doc (false)
+ *
+ * All `update` values are cast to their appropriate SchemaTypes before being sent.
+ *
+ * The `callback` function receives `(err, rawResponse)`.
+ *
+ * - `err` is the error if any occurred
+ * - `rawResponse` is the full response from Mongo
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * All top level keys which are not `atomic` operation names are treated as set operations:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = { name: 'borne' };
+ *     Model.update(query, { name: 'jason bourne' }, options, callback);
+ *
+ *     // is sent as
+ *     Model.update(query, { $set: { name: 'jason bourne' }}, options, function(err, res));
+ *     // if overwrite option is false. If overwrite is true, sent without the $set wrapper.
+ *
+ * This helps prevent accidentally overwriting all documents in your collection with `{ name: 'jason bourne' }`.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * Be careful to not use an existing model instance for the update clause (this won't work and can cause weird behavior like infinite loops). Also, ensure that the update clause does not have an _id property, which causes Mongo to return a "Mod on _id not allowed" error.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * Mongoose casts values and runs setters when using update. The following
+ * features are **not** applied by default.
+ *
+ * - [defaults](/docs/defaults.html#the-setdefaultsoninsert-option)
+ * - [validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators)
+ * - middleware
+ *
+ * If you need document middleware and fully-featured validation, load the
+ * document first and then use [`save()`](/docs/api.html#model_Model-save).
+ *
+ *     Model.findOne({ name: 'borne' }, function (err, doc) {
+ *       if (err) ..
+ *       doc.name = 'jason bourne';
+ *       doc.save(callback);
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @see strict http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict
+ * @see response http://docs.mongodb.org/v2.6/reference/command/update/#output
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.multi=false] whether multiple documents should be updated or just the first one that matches `filter`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.runValidators=false] if true, runs [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) on this command. Update validators validate the update operation against the model's schema.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.setDefaultsOnInsert=false] if this and `upsert` are true, mongoose will apply the [defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/defaults.html) specified in the model's schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on [MongoDB's `$setOnInsert` operator](https://docs.mongodb.org/v2.4/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.overwrite=false] By default, if you don't include any [update operators](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/) in `doc`, Mongoose will wrap `doc` in `$set` for you. This prevents you from accidentally overwriting the document. This option tells Mongoose to skip adding `$set`.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] params are (error, [updateWriteOpResult](https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~updateWriteOpResult))
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @see writeOpResult https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.6/api/Collection.html#~updateWriteOpResult
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.update = function update(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'update');
+
+  return _update(this, 'update', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Same as `update()`, except MongoDB will update _all_ documents that match
+ * `filter` (as opposed to just the first one) regardless of the value of
+ * the `multi` option.
+ *
+ * **Note** updateMany will _not_ fire update middleware. Use `pre('updateMany')`
+ * and `post('updateMany')` instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const res = await Person.updateMany({ name: /Stark$/ }, { isDeleted: true });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents matched
+ *     res.nModified; // Number of documents modified
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Object|Array} update
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] `function(error, res) {}` where `res` has 3 properties: `n`, `nModified`, `ok`.
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.updateMany = function updateMany(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'updateMany');
+
+  return _update(this, 'updateMany', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Same as `update()`, except it does not support the `multi` or `overwrite`
+ * options.
+ *
+ * - MongoDB will update _only_ the first document that matches `filter` regardless of the value of the `multi` option.
+ * - Use `replaceOne()` if you want to overwrite an entire document rather than using atomic operators like `$set`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const res = await Person.updateOne({ name: 'Jean-Luc Picard' }, { ship: 'USS Enterprise' });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents matched
+ *     res.nModified; // Number of documents modified
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Object|Array} update
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] params are (error, writeOpResult)
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.updateOne = function updateOne(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'updateOne');
+
+  return _update(this, 'updateOne', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Same as `update()`, except MongoDB replace the existing document with the
+ * given document (no atomic operators like `$set`).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const res = await Person.replaceOne({ _id: 24601 }, { name: 'Jean Valjean' });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents matched
+ *     res.nModified; // Number of documents modified
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `replaceOne()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] `function(error, res) {}` where `res` has 3 properties: `n`, `nModified`, `ok`.
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @return {Query}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.replaceOne = function replaceOne(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'replaceOne');
+
+  const versionKey = get(this, 'schema.options.versionKey', null);
+  if (versionKey && !doc[versionKey]) {
+    doc[versionKey] = 0;
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'replaceOne', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Common code for `updateOne()`, `updateMany()`, `replaceOne()`, and `update()`
+ * because they need to do the same thing
+ */
+
+function _update(model, op, conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  const mq = new model.Query({}, {}, model, model.collection);
+
+  callback = model.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+  // gh-2406
+  // make local deep copy of conditions
+  if (conditions instanceof Document) {
+    conditions = conditions.toObject();
+  } else {
+    conditions = utils.clone(conditions);
+  }
+  options = typeof options === 'function' ? options : utils.clone(options);
+
+  const versionKey = get(model, 'schema.options.versionKey', null);
+  _decorateUpdateWithVersionKey(doc, options, versionKey);
+
+  return mq[op](conditions, doc, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes a mapReduce command.
+ *
+ * `o` is an object specifying all mapReduce options as well as the map and reduce functions. All options are delegated to the driver implementation. See [node-mongodb-native mapReduce() documentation](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/api-generated/collection.html#mapreduce) for more detail about options.
+ *
+ * This function does not trigger any middleware.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const o = {};
+ *     // `map()` and `reduce()` are run on the MongoDB server, not Node.js,
+ *     // these functions are converted to strings
+ *     o.map = function () { emit(this.name, 1) };
+ *     o.reduce = function (k, vals) { return vals.length };
+ *     User.mapReduce(o, function (err, results) {
+ *       console.log(results)
+ *     })
+ *
+ * ####Other options:
+ *
+ * - `query` {Object} query filter object.
+ * - `sort` {Object} sort input objects using this key
+ * - `limit` {Number} max number of documents
+ * - `keeptemp` {Boolean, default:false} keep temporary data
+ * - `finalize` {Function} finalize function
+ * - `scope` {Object} scope variables exposed to map/reduce/finalize during execution
+ * - `jsMode` {Boolean, default:false} it is possible to make the execution stay in JS. Provided in MongoDB > 2.0.X
+ * - `verbose` {Boolean, default:false} provide statistics on job execution time.
+ * - `readPreference` {String}
+ * - `out*` {Object, default: {inline:1}} sets the output target for the map reduce job.
+ *
+ * ####* out options:
+ *
+ * - `{inline:1}` the results are returned in an array
+ * - `{replace: 'collectionName'}` add the results to collectionName: the results replace the collection
+ * - `{reduce: 'collectionName'}` add the results to collectionName: if dups are detected, uses the reducer / finalize functions
+ * - `{merge: 'collectionName'}` add the results to collectionName: if dups exist the new docs overwrite the old
+ *
+ * If `options.out` is set to `replace`, `merge`, or `reduce`, a Model instance is returned that can be used for further querying. Queries run against this model are all executed with the [`lean` option](/docs/tutorials/lean.html); meaning only the js object is returned and no Mongoose magic is applied (getters, setters, etc).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const o = {};
+ *     // You can also define `map()` and `reduce()` as strings if your
+ *     // linter complains about `emit()` not being defined
+ *     o.map = 'function () { emit(this.name, 1) }';
+ *     o.reduce = 'function (k, vals) { return vals.length }';
+ *     o.out = { replace: 'createdCollectionNameForResults' }
+ *     o.verbose = true;
+ *
+ *     User.mapReduce(o, function (err, model, stats) {
+ *       console.log('map reduce took %d ms', stats.processtime)
+ *       model.find().where('value').gt(10).exec(function (err, docs) {
+ *         console.log(docs);
+ *       });
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // `mapReduce()` returns a promise. However, ES6 promises can only
+ *     // resolve to exactly one value,
+ *     o.resolveToObject = true;
+ *     const promise = User.mapReduce(o);
+ *     promise.then(function (res) {
+ *       const model = res.model;
+ *       const stats = res.stats;
+ *       console.log('map reduce took %d ms', stats.processtime)
+ *       return model.find().where('value').gt(10).exec();
+ *     }).then(function (docs) {
+ *        console.log(docs);
+ *     }).then(null, handleError).end()
+ *
+ * @param {Object} o an object specifying map-reduce options
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/MapReduce
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.mapReduce = function mapReduce(o, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'mapReduce');
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    if (!Model.mapReduce.schema) {
+      const opts = { noId: true, noVirtualId: true, strict: false };
+      Model.mapReduce.schema = new Schema({}, opts);
+    }
+
+    if (!o.out) o.out = { inline: 1 };
+    if (o.verbose !== false) o.verbose = true;
+
+    o.map = String(o.map);
+    o.reduce = String(o.reduce);
+
+    if (o.query) {
+      let q = new this.Query(o.query);
+      q.cast(this);
+      o.query = q._conditions;
+      q = undefined;
+    }
+
+    this.$__collection.mapReduce(null, null, o, (err, res) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+      if (res.collection) {
+        // returned a collection, convert to Model
+        const model = Model.compile('_mapreduce_' + res.collection.collectionName,
+          Model.mapReduce.schema, res.collection.collectionName, this.db,
+          this.base);
+
+        model._mapreduce = true;
+        res.model = model;
+
+        return cb(null, res);
+      }
+
+      cb(null, res);
+    });
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Performs [aggregations](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/aggregation/) on the models collection.
+ *
+ * If a `callback` is passed, the `aggregate` is executed and a `Promise` is returned. If a callback is not passed, the `aggregate` itself is returned.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `aggregate()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Find the max balance of all accounts
+ *     Users.aggregate([
+ *       { $group: { _id: null, maxBalance: { $max: '$balance' }}},
+ *       { $project: { _id: 0, maxBalance: 1 }}
+ *     ]).
+ *     then(function (res) {
+ *       console.log(res); // [ { maxBalance: 98000 } ]
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or use the aggregation pipeline builder.
+ *     Users.aggregate().
+ *       group({ _id: null, maxBalance: { $max: '$balance' } }).
+ *       project('-id maxBalance').
+ *       exec(function (err, res) {
+ *         if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *         console.log(res); // [ { maxBalance: 98 } ]
+ *       });
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * - Mongoose does **not** cast aggregation pipelines to the model's schema because `$project` and `$group` operators allow redefining the "shape" of the documents at any stage of the pipeline, which may leave documents in an incompatible format. You can use the [mongoose-cast-aggregation plugin](https://github.com/AbdelrahmanHafez/mongoose-cast-aggregation) to enable minimal casting for aggregation pipelines.
+ * - The documents returned are plain javascript objects, not mongoose documents (since any shape of document can be returned).
+ *
+ * #### More About Aggregations:
+ *
+ * - [Mongoose `Aggregate`](/docs/api/aggregate.html)
+ * - [An Introduction to Mongoose Aggregate](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/mongoose/aggregate)
+ * - [MongoDB Aggregation docs](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/aggregation/)
+ *
+ * @see Aggregate #aggregate_Aggregate
+ * @see MongoDB http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/aggregation/
+ * @param {Array} [pipeline] aggregation pipeline as an array of objects
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Aggregate}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.aggregate = function aggregate(pipeline, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'aggregate');
+
+  if (arguments.length > 2 || get(pipeline, 'constructor.name') === 'Object') {
+    throw new MongooseError('Mongoose 5.x disallows passing a spread of operators ' +
+      'to `Model.aggregate()`. Instead of ' +
+      '`Model.aggregate({ $match }, { $skip })`, do ' +
+      '`Model.aggregate([{ $match }, { $skip }])`');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof pipeline === 'function') {
+    callback = pipeline;
+    pipeline = [];
+  }
+
+  const aggregate = new Aggregate(pipeline || []);
+  aggregate.model(this);
+
+  if (typeof callback === 'undefined') {
+    return aggregate;
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+  callback = this.$wrapCallback(callback);
+
+  aggregate.exec(callback);
+  return aggregate;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts and validates the given object against this model's schema, passing the
+ * given `context` to custom validators.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', Schema({
+ *       name: { type: String, required: true },
+ *       age: { type: Number, required: true }
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     try {
+ *       await Model.validate({ name: null }, ['name'])
+ *     } catch (err) {
+ *       err instanceof mongoose.Error.ValidationError; // true
+ *       Object.keys(err.errors); // ['name']
+ *     }
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {Array} pathsToValidate
+ * @param {Object} [context]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Promise|undefined}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.validate = function validate(obj, pathsToValidate, context, callback) {
+  if (context === void 0 && obj instanceof Model) {
+    // For convenience, if we're validating a document, make `context` default to
+    // the model so users don't have to always pass `context`, re: gh-10132.
+    context = obj;
+  }
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    const schema = this.schema;
+    let paths = Object.keys(schema.paths);
+
+    if (pathsToValidate != null) {
+      const _pathsToValidate = new Set(pathsToValidate);
+      paths = paths.filter(p => {
+        const pieces = p.split('.');
+        let cur = pieces[0];
+
+        for (const piece of pieces) {
+          if (_pathsToValidate.has(cur)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          cur += '.' + piece;
+        }
+
+        return _pathsToValidate.has(p);
+      });
+    }
+
+    for (const path of paths) {
+      const schemaType = schema.path(path);
+      if (!schemaType || !schemaType.$isMongooseArray) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const val = get(obj, path);
+      pushNestedArrayPaths(val, path);
+    }
+
+    let remaining = paths.length;
+    let error = null;
+
+    for (const path of paths) {
+      const schemaType = schema.path(path);
+      if (schemaType == null) {
+        _checkDone();
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const pieces = path.split('.');
+      let cur = obj;
+      for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length - 1; ++i) {
+        cur = cur[pieces[i]];
+      }
+
+      let val = get(obj, path, void 0);
+
+      if (val != null) {
+        try {
+          val = schemaType.cast(val);
+          cur[pieces[pieces.length - 1]] = val;
+        } catch (err) {
+          error = error || new ValidationError();
+          error.addError(path, err);
+
+          _checkDone();
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      schemaType.doValidate(val, err => {
+        if (err) {
+          error = error || new ValidationError();
+          if (err instanceof ValidationError) {
+            for (const _err of Object.keys(err.errors)) {
+              error.addError(`${path}.${err.errors[_err].path}`, _err);
+            }
+          } else {
+            error.addError(err.path, err);
+          }
+        }
+        _checkDone();
+      }, context, { path: path });
+    }
+
+    function pushNestedArrayPaths(nestedArray, path) {
+      if (nestedArray == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < nestedArray.length; ++i) {
+        if (Array.isArray(nestedArray[i])) {
+          pushNestedArrayPaths(nestedArray[i], path + '.' + i);
+        } else {
+          paths.push(path + '.' + i);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function _checkDone() {
+      if (--remaining <= 0) {
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Implements `$geoSearch` functionality for Mongoose
+ *
+ * This function does not trigger any middleware
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const options = { near: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 };
+ *     Locations.geoSearch({ type : "house" }, options, function(err, res) {
+ *       console.log(res);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ * - `near` {Array} x,y point to search for
+ * - `maxDistance` {Number} the maximum distance from the point near that a result can be
+ * - `limit` {Number} The maximum number of results to return
+ * - `lean` {Object|Boolean} return the raw object instead of the Mongoose Model
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conditions an object that specifies the match condition (required)
+ * @param {Object} options for the geoSearch, some (near, maxDistance) are required
+ * @param {Object|Boolean} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and the [Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @see http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/geoSearch/
+ * @see http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/core/geohaystack/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.geoSearch = function(conditions, options, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'geoSearch');
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+    let error;
+    if (conditions === undefined || !utils.isObject(conditions)) {
+      error = new MongooseError('Must pass conditions to geoSearch');
+    } else if (!options.near) {
+      error = new MongooseError('Must specify the near option in geoSearch');
+    } else if (!Array.isArray(options.near)) {
+      error = new MongooseError('near option must be an array [x, y]');
+    }
+
+    if (error) {
+      return cb(error);
+    }
+
+    // send the conditions in the options object
+    options.search = conditions;
+
+    this.$__collection.geoHaystackSearch(options.near[0], options.near[1], options, (err, res) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return cb(err);
+      }
+
+      let count = res.results.length;
+      if (options.lean || count === 0) {
+        return cb(null, res.results);
+      }
+
+      const errSeen = false;
+
+      function init(err) {
+        if (err && !errSeen) {
+          return cb(err);
+        }
+
+        if (!--count && !errSeen) {
+          cb(null, res.results);
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < res.results.length; ++i) {
+        const temp = res.results[i];
+        res.results[i] = new this();
+        res.results[i].init(temp, {}, init);
+      }
+    });
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Populates document references.
+ *
+ * ####Available top-level options:
+ *
+ * - path: space delimited path(s) to populate
+ * - select: optional fields to select
+ * - match: optional query conditions to match
+ * - model: optional name of the model to use for population
+ * - options: optional query options like sort, limit, etc
+ * - justOne: optional boolean, if true Mongoose will always set `path` to an array. Inferred from schema by default.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     // populates a single object
+ *     User.findById(id, function (err, user) {
+ *       const opts = [
+ *         { path: 'company', match: { x: 1 }, select: 'name' },
+ *         { path: 'notes', options: { limit: 10 }, model: 'override' }
+ *       ];
+ *
+ *       User.populate(user, opts, function (err, user) {
+ *         console.log(user);
+ *       });
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // populates an array of objects
+ *     User.find(match, function (err, users) {
+ *       const opts = [{ path: 'company', match: { x: 1 }, select: 'name' }];
+ *
+ *       const promise = User.populate(users, opts);
+ *       promise.then(console.log).end();
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // imagine a Weapon model exists with two saved documents:
+ *     //   { _id: 389, name: 'whip' }
+ *     //   { _id: 8921, name: 'boomerang' }
+ *     // and this schema:
+ *     // new Schema({
+ *     //   name: String,
+ *     //   weapon: { type: ObjectId, ref: 'Weapon' }
+ *     // });
+ *
+ *     const user = { name: 'Indiana Jones', weapon: 389 };
+ *     Weapon.populate(user, { path: 'weapon', model: 'Weapon' }, function (err, user) {
+ *       console.log(user.weapon.name); // whip
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // populate many plain objects
+ *     const users = [{ name: 'Indiana Jones', weapon: 389 }]
+ *     users.push({ name: 'Batman', weapon: 8921 })
+ *     Weapon.populate(users, { path: 'weapon' }, function (err, users) {
+ *       users.forEach(function (user) {
+ *         console.log('%s uses a %s', users.name, user.weapon.name)
+ *         // Indiana Jones uses a whip
+ *         // Batman uses a boomerang
+ *       });
+ *     });
+ *     // Note that we didn't need to specify the Weapon model because
+ *     // it is in the schema's ref
+ *
+ * @param {Document|Array} docs Either a single document or array of documents to populate.
+ * @param {Object|String} options Either the paths to populate or an object specifying all parameters
+ * @param {string} [options.path=null] The path to populate.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retainNullValues=false] By default, Mongoose removes null and undefined values from populated arrays. Use this option to make `populate()` retain `null` and `undefined` array entries.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.getters=false] If true, Mongoose will call any getters defined on the `localField`. By default, Mongoose gets the raw value of `localField`. For example, you would need to set this option to `true` if you wanted to [add a `lowercase` getter to your `localField`](/docs/schematypes.html#schematype-options).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.clone=false] When you do `BlogPost.find().populate('author')`, blog posts with the same author will share 1 copy of an `author` doc. Enable this option to make Mongoose clone populated docs before assigning them.
+ * @param {Object|Function} [options.match=null] Add an additional filter to the populate query. Can be a filter object containing [MongoDB query syntax](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/query-documents/), or a function that returns a filter object.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.skipInvalidIds=false] By default, Mongoose throws a cast error if `localField` and `foreignField` schemas don't line up. If you enable this option, Mongoose will instead filter out any `localField` properties that cannot be casted to `foreignField`'s schema type.
+ * @param {Number} [options.perDocumentLimit=null] For legacy reasons, `limit` with `populate()` may give incorrect results because it only executes a single query for every document being populated. If you set `perDocumentLimit`, Mongoose will ensure correct `limit` per document by executing a separate query for each document to `populate()`. For example, `.find().populate({ path: 'test', perDocumentLimit: 2 })` will execute 2 additional queries if `.find()` returns 2 documents.
+ * @param {Object} [options.options=null] Additional options like `limit` and `lean`.
+ * @param {Function} [options.transform=null] Function that Mongoose will call on every populated document that allows you to transform the populated document.
+ * @param {Function} [callback(err,doc)] Optional callback, executed upon completion. Receives `err` and the `doc(s)`.
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.populate = function(docs, paths, callback) {
+  _checkContext(this, 'populate');
+
+  const _this = this;
+
+  // normalized paths
+  paths = utils.populate(paths);
+
+  // data that should persist across subPopulate calls
+  const cache = {};
+
+  callback = this.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+  return this.db.base._promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    cb = this.$wrapCallback(cb);
+    _populate(_this, docs, paths, cache, cb);
+  }, this.events);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Populate helper
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model the model to use
+ * @param {Document|Array} docs Either a single document or array of documents to populate.
+ * @param {Object} paths
+ * @param {Function} [cb(err,doc)] Optional callback, executed upon completion. Receives `err` and the `doc(s)`.
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function _populate(model, docs, paths, cache, callback) {
+  let pending = paths.length;
+  if (paths.length === 0) {
+    return callback(null, docs);
+  }
+
+  // each path has its own query options and must be executed separately
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    populate(model, docs, path, next);
+  }
+
+  function next(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+    if (--pending) {
+      return;
+    }
+    callback(null, docs);
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Populates `docs`
+ */
+const excludeIdReg = /\s?-_id\s?/;
+const excludeIdRegGlobal = /\s?-_id\s?/g;
+
+function populate(model, docs, options, callback) {
+  // normalize single / multiple docs passed
+  if (!Array.isArray(docs)) {
+    docs = [docs];
+  }
+  if (docs.length === 0 || docs.every(utils.isNullOrUndefined)) {
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  const modelsMap = getModelsMapForPopulate(model, docs, options);
+  if (modelsMap instanceof MongooseError) {
+    return immediate(function() {
+      callback(modelsMap);
+    });
+  }
+
+  const len = modelsMap.length;
+  let vals = [];
+
+  function flatten(item) {
+    // no need to include undefined values in our query
+    return undefined !== item;
+  }
+
+  let _remaining = len;
+  let hasOne = false;
+  const params = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    const mod = modelsMap[i];
+    let select = mod.options.select;
+    let ids = utils.array.flatten(mod.ids, flatten);
+    ids = utils.array.unique(ids);
+
+    const assignmentOpts = {};
+    assignmentOpts.sort = get(mod, 'options.options.sort', void 0);
+    assignmentOpts.excludeId = excludeIdReg.test(select) || (select && select._id === 0);
+
+    if (ids.length === 0 || ids.every(utils.isNullOrUndefined)) {
+      // Ensure that we set populate virtuals to 0 or empty array even
+      // if we don't actually execute a query because they don't have
+      // a value by default. See gh-7731, gh-8230
+      --_remaining;
+      if (mod.count || mod.isVirtual) {
+        _assign(model, [], mod, assignmentOpts);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    hasOne = true;
+    const match = createPopulateQueryFilter(ids, mod.match, mod.foreignField, mod.model, mod.options.skipInvalidIds);
+
+    if (assignmentOpts.excludeId) {
+      // override the exclusion from the query so we can use the _id
+      // for document matching during assignment. we'll delete the
+      // _id back off before returning the result.
+      if (typeof select === 'string') {
+        select = select.replace(excludeIdRegGlobal, ' ');
+      } else {
+        // preserve original select conditions by copying
+        select = utils.object.shallowCopy(select);
+        delete select._id;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (mod.options.options && mod.options.options.limit != null) {
+      assignmentOpts.originalLimit = mod.options.options.limit;
+    } else if (mod.options.limit != null) {
+      assignmentOpts.originalLimit = mod.options.limit;
+    }
+    params.push([mod, match, select, assignmentOpts, _next]);
+  }
+  if (!hasOne) {
+    // If no models to populate but we have a nested populate,
+    // keep trying, re: gh-8946
+    if (options.populate != null) {
+      const opts = utils.populate(options.populate).map(pop => Object.assign({}, pop, {
+        path: options.path + '.' + pop.path
+      }));
+      return model.populate(docs, opts, callback);
+    }
+    return callback();
+  }
+
+  for (const arr of params) {
+    _execPopulateQuery.apply(null, arr);
+  }
+  function _next(err, valsFromDb) {
+    if (err != null) {
+      return callback(err, null);
+    }
+    vals = vals.concat(valsFromDb);
+    if (--_remaining === 0) {
+      _done();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function _done() {
+    for (const arr of params) {
+      const mod = arr[0];
+      const assignmentOpts = arr[3];
+      for (const val of vals) {
+        mod.options._childDocs.push(val);
+      }
+      _assign(model, vals, mod, assignmentOpts);
+    }
+
+    for (const arr of params) {
+      removeDeselectedForeignField(arr[0].foreignField, arr[0].options, vals);
+    }
+    callback();
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _execPopulateQuery(mod, match, select, assignmentOpts, callback) {
+  const subPopulate = utils.clone(mod.options.populate);
+  const queryOptions = Object.assign({
+    skip: mod.options.skip,
+    limit: mod.options.limit,
+    perDocumentLimit: mod.options.perDocumentLimit
+  }, mod.options.options);
+
+  if (mod.count) {
+    delete queryOptions.skip;
+  }
+
+  if (queryOptions.perDocumentLimit != null) {
+    queryOptions.limit = queryOptions.perDocumentLimit;
+    delete queryOptions.perDocumentLimit;
+  } else if (queryOptions.limit != null) {
+    queryOptions.limit = queryOptions.limit * mod.ids.length;
+  }
+
+  const query = mod.model.find(match, select, queryOptions);
+  // If we're doing virtual populate and projection is inclusive and foreign
+  // field is not selected, automatically select it because mongoose needs it.
+  // If projection is exclusive and client explicitly unselected the foreign
+  // field, that's the client's fault.
+  for (const foreignField of mod.foreignField) {
+    if (foreignField !== '_id' && query.selectedInclusively() &&
+        !isPathSelectedInclusive(query._fields, foreignField)) {
+      query.select(foreignField);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If using count, still need the `foreignField` so we can match counts
+  // to documents, otherwise we would need a separate `count()` for every doc.
+  if (mod.count) {
+    for (const foreignField of mod.foreignField) {
+      query.select(foreignField);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we need to sub-populate, call populate recursively
+  if (subPopulate) {
+    query.populate(subPopulate);
+  }
+
+  query.exec((err, docs) => {
+    if (err != null) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    for (const val of docs) {
+      leanPopulateMap.set(val, mod.model);
+    }
+    callback(null, docs);
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _assign(model, vals, mod, assignmentOpts) {
+  const options = mod.options;
+  const isVirtual = mod.isVirtual;
+  const justOne = mod.justOne;
+  let _val;
+  const lean = get(options, 'options.lean', false);
+  const len = vals.length;
+  const rawOrder = {};
+  const rawDocs = {};
+  let key;
+  let val;
+
+  // Clone because `assignRawDocsToIdStructure` will mutate the array
+  const allIds = utils.clone(mod.allIds);
+  // optimization:
+  // record the document positions as returned by
+  // the query result.
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    val = vals[i];
+    if (val == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    for (const foreignField of mod.foreignField) {
+      _val = utils.getValue(foreignField, val);
+      if (Array.isArray(_val)) {
+        _val = utils.array.unique(utils.array.flatten(_val));
+
+        for (let __val of _val) {
+          if (__val instanceof Document) {
+            __val = __val._id;
+          }
+          key = String(__val);
+          if (rawDocs[key]) {
+            if (Array.isArray(rawDocs[key])) {
+              rawDocs[key].push(val);
+              rawOrder[key].push(i);
+            } else {
+              rawDocs[key] = [rawDocs[key], val];
+              rawOrder[key] = [rawOrder[key], i];
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (isVirtual && !justOne) {
+              rawDocs[key] = [val];
+              rawOrder[key] = [i];
+            } else {
+              rawDocs[key] = val;
+              rawOrder[key] = i;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (_val instanceof Document) {
+          _val = _val._id;
+        }
+        key = String(_val);
+        if (rawDocs[key]) {
+          if (Array.isArray(rawDocs[key])) {
+            rawDocs[key].push(val);
+            rawOrder[key].push(i);
+          } else if (isVirtual ||
+            rawDocs[key].constructor !== val.constructor ||
+            String(rawDocs[key]._id) !== String(val._id)) {
+            // May need to store multiple docs with the same id if there's multiple models
+            // if we have discriminators or a ref function. But avoid converting to an array
+            // if we have multiple queries on the same model because of `perDocumentLimit` re: gh-9906
+            rawDocs[key] = [rawDocs[key], val];
+            rawOrder[key] = [rawOrder[key], i];
+          }
+        } else {
+          rawDocs[key] = val;
+          rawOrder[key] = i;
+        }
+      }
+      // flag each as result of population
+      if (!lean) {
+        val.$__.wasPopulated = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  assignVals({
+    originalModel: model,
+    // If virtual, make sure to not mutate original field
+    rawIds: mod.isVirtual ? allIds : mod.allIds,
+    allIds: allIds,
+    foreignField: mod.foreignField,
+    rawDocs: rawDocs,
+    rawOrder: rawOrder,
+    docs: mod.docs,
+    path: options.path,
+    options: assignmentOpts,
+    justOne: mod.justOne,
+    isVirtual: mod.isVirtual,
+    allOptions: mod,
+    populatedModel: mod.model,
+    lean: lean,
+    virtual: mod.virtual,
+    count: mod.count,
+    match: mod.match
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Compiler utility.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} name model name or class extending Model
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {String} collectionName
+ * @param {Connection} connection
+ * @param {Mongoose} base mongoose instance
+ */
+
+Model.compile = function compile(name, schema, collectionName, connection, base) {
+  const versioningEnabled = schema.options.versionKey !== false;
+
+  if (versioningEnabled && !schema.paths[schema.options.versionKey]) {
+    // add versioning to top level documents only
+    const o = {};
+    o[schema.options.versionKey] = Number;
+    schema.add(o);
+  }
+
+  let model;
+  if (typeof name === 'function' && name.prototype instanceof Model) {
+    model = name;
+    name = model.name;
+    schema.loadClass(model, false);
+    model.prototype.$isMongooseModelPrototype = true;
+  } else {
+    // generate new class
+    model = function model(doc, fields, skipId) {
+      model.hooks.execPreSync('createModel', doc);
+      if (!(this instanceof model)) {
+        return new model(doc, fields, skipId);
+      }
+      const discriminatorKey = model.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+
+      if (model.discriminators == null || doc == null || doc[discriminatorKey] == null) {
+        Model.call(this, doc, fields, skipId);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // If discriminator key is set, use the discriminator instead (gh-7586)
+      const Discriminator = model.discriminators[doc[discriminatorKey]] ||
+        getDiscriminatorByValue(model.discriminators, doc[discriminatorKey]);
+      if (Discriminator != null) {
+        return new Discriminator(doc, fields, skipId);
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise, just use the top-level model
+      Model.call(this, doc, fields, skipId);
+    };
+  }
+
+  model.hooks = schema.s.hooks.clone();
+  model.base = base;
+  model.modelName = name;
+
+  if (!(model.prototype instanceof Model)) {
+    model.__proto__ = Model;
+    model.prototype.__proto__ = Model.prototype;
+  }
+  model.model = function model(name) {
+    return this.db.model(name);
+  };
+  model.db = connection;
+  model.prototype.db = connection;
+  model.prototype[modelDbSymbol] = connection;
+  model.discriminators = model.prototype.discriminators = undefined;
+  model[modelSymbol] = true;
+  model.events = new EventEmitter();
+
+  model.prototype.$__setSchema(schema);
+
+  const _userProvidedOptions = schema._userProvidedOptions || {};
+
+  const collectionOptions = {
+    schemaUserProvidedOptions: _userProvidedOptions,
+    capped: schema.options.capped,
+    Promise: model.base.Promise,
+    modelName: name
+  };
+  if (schema.options.autoCreate !== void 0) {
+    collectionOptions.autoCreate = schema.options.autoCreate;
+  }
+
+  model.prototype.collection = connection.collection(
+    collectionName,
+    collectionOptions
+  );
+  model.prototype[modelCollectionSymbol] = model.prototype.collection;
+
+  // apply methods and statics
+  applyMethods(model, schema);
+  applyStatics(model, schema);
+  applyHooks(model, schema);
+  applyStaticHooks(model, schema.s.hooks, schema.statics);
+
+  model.schema = model.prototype.$__schema;
+  model.collection = model.prototype.collection;
+  model.$__collection = model.collection;
+
+  // Create custom query constructor
+  model.Query = function() {
+    Query.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+  model.Query.prototype = Object.create(Query.prototype);
+  model.Query.base = Query.base;
+  applyQueryMiddleware(model.Query, model);
+  applyQueryMethods(model, schema.query);
+
+  return model;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Register custom query methods for this model
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ */
+
+function applyQueryMethods(model, methods) {
+  for (const i in methods) {
+    model.Query.prototype[i] = methods[i];
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Subclass this model with `conn`, `schema`, and `collection` settings.
+ *
+ * @param {Connection} conn
+ * @param {Schema} [schema]
+ * @param {String} [collection]
+ * @return {Model}
+ */
+
+Model.__subclass = function subclass(conn, schema, collection) {
+  // subclass model using this connection and collection name
+  const _this = this;
+
+  const Model = function Model(doc, fields, skipId) {
+    if (!(this instanceof Model)) {
+      return new Model(doc, fields, skipId);
+    }
+    _this.call(this, doc, fields, skipId);
+  };
+
+  Model.__proto__ = _this;
+  Model.prototype.__proto__ = _this.prototype;
+  Model.db = conn;
+  Model.prototype.db = conn;
+  Model.prototype[modelDbSymbol] = conn;
+
+  _this[subclassedSymbol] = _this[subclassedSymbol] || [];
+  _this[subclassedSymbol].push(Model);
+  if (_this.discriminators != null) {
+    Model.discriminators = {};
+    for (const key of Object.keys(_this.discriminators)) {
+      Model.discriminators[key] = _this.discriminators[key].
+        __subclass(_this.db, _this.discriminators[key].schema, collection);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const s = schema && typeof schema !== 'string'
+    ? schema
+    : _this.prototype.$__schema;
+
+  const options = s.options || {};
+  const _userProvidedOptions = s._userProvidedOptions || {};
+
+  if (!collection) {
+    collection = _this.prototype.$__schema.get('collection') ||
+      utils.toCollectionName(_this.modelName, this.base.pluralize());
+  }
+
+  const collectionOptions = {
+    schemaUserProvidedOptions: _userProvidedOptions,
+    capped: s && options.capped
+  };
+
+  Model.prototype.collection = conn.collection(collection, collectionOptions);
+  Model.prototype[modelCollectionSymbol] = Model.prototype.collection;
+  Model.collection = Model.prototype.collection;
+  Model.$__collection = Model.collection;
+  // Errors handled internally, so ignore
+  Model.init(() => {});
+  return Model;
+};
+
+Model.$handleCallbackError = function(callback) {
+  if (callback == null) {
+    return callback;
+  }
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new MongooseError('Callback must be a function, got ' + callback);
+  }
+
+  const _this = this;
+  return function() {
+    immediate(() => {
+      try {
+        callback.apply(null, arguments);
+      } catch (error) {
+        _this.emit('error', error);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Model.$wrapCallback = function(callback) {
+  const serverSelectionError = new ServerSelectionError();
+  const _this = this;
+
+  return function(err) {
+    if (err != null && err.name === 'MongoServerSelectionError') {
+      arguments[0] = serverSelectionError.assimilateError(err);
+    }
+    if (err != null && err.name === 'MongoNetworkTimeoutError' && err.message.endsWith('timed out')) {
+      _this.db.emit('timeout');
+    }
+
+    return callback.apply(null, arguments);
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper for console.log. Given a model named 'MyModel', returns the string
+ * `'Model { MyModel }'`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const MyModel = mongoose.model('Test', Schema({ name: String }));
+ *     MyModel.inspect(); // 'Model { Test }'
+ *     console.log(MyModel); // Prints 'Model { Test }'
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Model.inspect = function() {
+  return `Model { ${this.modelName} }`;
+};
+
+if (util.inspect.custom) {
+  /*!
+  * Avoid Node deprecation warning DEP0079
+  */
+
+  Model[util.inspect.custom] = Model.inspect;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = Model;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4826e59fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.internalToObjectOptions = {
+  transform: false,
+  virtuals: false,
+  getters: false,
+  _skipDepopulateTopLevel: true,
+  depopulate: true,
+  flattenDecimals: false,
+  useProjection: false
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/PopulateOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/PopulateOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b9819460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/PopulateOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const clone = require('../helpers/clone');
+
+class PopulateOptions {
+  constructor(obj) {
+    this._docs = {};
+    this._childDocs = [];
+
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    obj = clone(obj);
+    Object.assign(this, obj);
+    if (typeof obj.subPopulate === 'object') {
+      this.populate = obj.subPopulate;
+    }
+
+
+    if (obj.perDocumentLimit != null && obj.limit != null) {
+      throw new Error('Can not use `limit` and `perDocumentLimit` at the same time. Path: `' + obj.path + '`.');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The connection used to look up models by name. If not specified, Mongoose
+ * will default to using the connection associated with the model in
+ * `PopulateOptions#model`.
+ *
+ * @memberOf PopulateOptions
+ * @property {Connection} connection
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = PopulateOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaArrayOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaArrayOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3734ae49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaArrayOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on an Array schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ tags: [String] });
+ *     schema.path('tags').options; // SchemaArrayOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaArrayOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaArrayOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If this is an array of strings, an array of allowed values for this path.
+ * Throws an error if this array isn't an array of strings.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property enum
+ * @memberOf SchemaArrayOptions
+ * @type Array
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaArrayOptions.prototype, 'enum', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, specifies the type of this array's values. Equivalent to setting
+ * `type` to an array whose first element is `of`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // `arr` is an array of numbers.
+ *     new Schema({ arr: [Number] });
+ *     // Equivalent way to define `arr` as an array of numbers
+ *     new Schema({ arr: { type: Array, of: Number } });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property of
+ * @memberOf SchemaArrayOptions
+ * @type Function|String
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaArrayOptions.prototype, 'of', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaArrayOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaBufferOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaBufferOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..258130dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaBufferOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a Buffer schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ bitmap: Buffer });
+ *     schema.path('bitmap').options; // SchemaBufferOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaBufferOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaBufferOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * Set the default subtype for this buffer.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property subtype
+ * @memberOf SchemaBufferOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaBufferOptions.prototype, 'subtype', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaBufferOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaDateOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaDateOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09bf27f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaDateOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a Date schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ startedAt: Date });
+ *     schema.path('startedAt').options; // SchemaDateOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaDateOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaDateOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose adds a validator that checks that this path is after the
+ * given `min`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property min
+ * @memberOf SchemaDateOptions
+ * @type Date
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaDateOptions.prototype, 'min', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose adds a validator that checks that this path is before the
+ * given `max`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property max
+ * @memberOf SchemaDateOptions
+ * @type Date
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaDateOptions.prototype, 'max', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose creates a TTL index on this path.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property expires
+ * @memberOf SchemaDateOptions
+ * @type Date
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaDateOptions.prototype, 'expires', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaDateOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaDocumentArrayOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaDocumentArrayOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3fb7a977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaDocumentArrayOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on an Document Array schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ users: [{ name: string }] });
+ *     schema.path('users').options; // SchemaDocumentArrayOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaDocumentOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaDocumentArrayOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If `true`, Mongoose will skip building any indexes defined in this array's schema.
+ * If not set, Mongoose will build all indexes defined in this array's schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const childSchema = Schema({ name: { type: String, index: true } });
+ *     // If `excludeIndexes` is `true`, Mongoose will skip building an index
+ *     // on `arr.name`. Otherwise, Mongoose will build an index on `arr.name`.
+ *     const parentSchema = Schema({
+ *       arr: { type: [childSchema], excludeIndexes: true }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property excludeIndexes
+ * @memberOf SchemaDocumentArrayOptions
+ * @type Array
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaDocumentArrayOptions.prototype, 'excludeIndexes', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, overwrites the child schema's `_id` option.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const childSchema = Schema({ name: String });
+ *     const parentSchema = Schema({
+ *       child: { type: childSchema, _id: false }
+ *     });
+ *     parentSchema.path('child').schema.options._id; // false
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property _id
+ * @memberOf SchemaDocumentArrayOptions
+ * @type Array
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaDocumentArrayOptions.prototype, '_id', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaDocumentArrayOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaMapOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaMapOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..335d84a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaMapOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a Map schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ socialMediaHandles: { type: Map, of: String } });
+ *     schema.path('socialMediaHandles').options; // SchemaMapOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaMapOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaMapOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If set, specifies the type of this map's values. Mongoose will cast
+ * this map's values to the given type.
+ *
+ * If not set, Mongoose will not cast the map's values.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Mongoose will cast `socialMediaHandles` values to strings
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ socialMediaHandles: { type: Map, of: String } });
+ *     schema.path('socialMediaHandles').options.of; // String
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property of
+ * @memberOf SchemaMapOptions
+ * @type Function|string
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaMapOptions.prototype, 'of', opts);
+
+module.exports = SchemaMapOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaNumberOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaNumberOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38553fb78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaNumberOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a Number schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ count: Number });
+ *     schema.path('count').options; // SchemaNumberOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaNumberOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaNumberOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose adds a validator that checks that this path is at least the
+ * given `min`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property min
+ * @memberOf SchemaNumberOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaNumberOptions.prototype, 'min', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose adds a validator that checks that this path is less than the
+ * given `max`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property max
+ * @memberOf SchemaNumberOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaNumberOptions.prototype, 'max', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose adds a validator that checks that this path is strictly
+ * equal to one of the given values.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       favoritePrime: {
+ *         type: Number,
+ *         enum: [3, 5, 7]
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *     schema.path('favoritePrime').options.enum; // [3, 5, 7]
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property enum
+ * @memberOf SchemaNumberOptions
+ * @type Array
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaNumberOptions.prototype, 'enum', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Sets default [populate options](/docs/populate.html#query-conditions).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       child: {
+ *         type: Number,
+ *         ref: 'Child',
+ *         populate: { select: 'name' }
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *     const Parent = mongoose.model('Parent', schema);
+ *
+ *     // Automatically adds `.select('name')`
+ *     Parent.findOne().populate('child');
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property populate
+ * @memberOf SchemaNumberOptions
+ * @type Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaNumberOptions.prototype, 'populate', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaNumberOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaObjectIdOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaObjectIdOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e07ed9ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaObjectIdOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on an ObjectId schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ testId: mongoose.ObjectId });
+ *     schema.path('testId').options; // SchemaObjectIdOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaObjectIdOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaObjectIdOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If truthy, uses Mongoose's default built-in ObjectId path.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property auto
+ * @memberOf SchemaObjectIdOptions
+ * @type Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaObjectIdOptions.prototype, 'auto', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Sets default [populate options](/docs/populate.html#query-conditions).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       child: {
+ *         type: 'ObjectId',
+ *         ref: 'Child',
+ *         populate: { select: 'name' }
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *     const Parent = mongoose.model('Parent', schema);
+ *
+ *     // Automatically adds `.select('name')`
+ *     Parent.findOne().populate('child');
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property populate
+ * @memberOf SchemaObjectIdOptions
+ * @type Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaObjectIdOptions.prototype, 'populate', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaObjectIdOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaSingleNestedOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaSingleNestedOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c916d0fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaSingleNestedOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a single nested schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = Schema({ child: Schema({ name: String }) });
+ *     schema.path('child').options; // SchemaSingleNestedOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaSingleNestedOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaSingleNestedOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * If set, overwrites the child schema's `_id` option.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const childSchema = Schema({ name: String });
+ *     const parentSchema = Schema({
+ *       child: { type: childSchema, _id: false }
+ *     });
+ *     parentSchema.path('child').schema.options._id; // false
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property of
+ * @memberOf SchemaSingleNestedOptions
+ * @type Function|string
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaSingleNestedOptions.prototype, '_id', opts);
+
+module.exports = SchemaSingleNestedOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaStringOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaStringOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..380050c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaStringOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./SchemaTypeOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a string schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     schema.path('name').options; // SchemaStringOptions instance
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @inherits SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @constructor SchemaStringOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaStringOptions extends SchemaTypeOptions {}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * Array of allowed values for this path
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property enum
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Array
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'enum', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Attach a validator that succeeds if the data string matches the given regular
+ * expression, and fails otherwise.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property match
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type RegExp
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'match', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If truthy, Mongoose will add a custom setter that lowercases this string
+ * using JavaScript's built-in `String#toLowerCase()`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property lowercase
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'lowercase', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If truthy, Mongoose will add a custom setter that removes leading and trailing
+ * whitespace using JavaScript's built-in `String#trim()`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property trim
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'trim', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If truthy, Mongoose will add a custom setter that uppercases this string
+ * using JavaScript's built-in `String#toUpperCase()`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property uppercase
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'uppercase', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose will add a custom validator that ensures the given
+ * string's `length` is at least the given number.
+ *
+ * Mongoose supports two different spellings for this option: `minLength` and `minlength`.
+ * `minLength` is the recommended way to specify this option, but Mongoose also supports
+ * `minlength` (lowercase "l").
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property minLength
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'minLength', opts);
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'minlength', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If set, Mongoose will add a custom validator that ensures the given
+ * string's `length` is at most the given number.
+ *
+ * Mongoose supports two different spellings for this option: `maxLength` and `maxlength`.
+ * `maxLength` is the recommended way to specify this option, but Mongoose also supports
+ * `maxlength` (lowercase "l").
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property maxLength
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'maxLength', opts);
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'maxlength', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Sets default [populate options](/docs/populate.html#query-conditions).
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property populate
+ * @memberOf SchemaStringOptions
+ * @type Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaStringOptions.prototype, 'populate', opts);
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaStringOptions;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaTypeOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaTypeOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9149bac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/SchemaTypeOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const clone = require('../helpers/clone');
+
+/**
+ * The options defined on a schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     schema.path('name').options instanceof mongoose.SchemaTypeOptions; // true
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @constructor SchemaTypeOptions
+ */
+
+class SchemaTypeOptions {
+  constructor(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    Object.assign(this, clone(obj));
+  }
+}
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+/**
+ * The type to cast this path to.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property type
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function|String|Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'type', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Function or object describing how to validate this schematype.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property validate
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function|Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'validate', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Allows overriding casting logic for this individual path. If a string, the
+ * given string overwrites Mongoose's default cast error message.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       num: {
+ *         type: Number,
+ *         cast: '{VALUE} is not a valid number'
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Throws 'CastError: "bad" is not a valid number'
+ *     schema.path('num').cast('bad');
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *     const doc = new Model({ num: 'fail' });
+ *     const err = doc.validateSync();
+ *
+ *     err.errors['num']; // 'CastError: "fail" is not a valid number'
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property cast
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type String
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'cast', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If true, attach a required validator to this path, which ensures this path
+ * path cannot be set to a nullish value. If a function, Mongoose calls the
+ * function and only checks for nullish values if the function returns a truthy value.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property required
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function|Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'required', opts);
+
+/**
+ * The default value for this path. If a function, Mongoose executes the function
+ * and uses the return value as the default.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property default
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function|Any
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'default', opts);
+
+/**
+ * The model that `populate()` should use if populating this path.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property ref
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function|String
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'ref', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Whether to include or exclude this path by default when loading documents
+ * using `find()`, `findOne()`, etc.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property select
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Boolean|Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'select', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose will
+ * build an index on this path when the model is compiled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property index
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Boolean|Number|Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'index', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose
+ * will build a unique index on this path when the
+ * model is compiled. [The `unique` option is **not** a validator](/docs/validation.html#the-unique-option-is-not-a-validator).
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property unique
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Boolean|Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'unique', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose will
+ * disallow changes to this path once the document
+ * is saved to the database for the first time. Read more about [immutability in Mongoose here](http://thecodebarbarian.com/whats-new-in-mongoose-5-6-immutable-properties.html).
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property immutable
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function|Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'immutable', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose will
+ * build a sparse index on this path.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property sparse
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Boolean|Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'sparse', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), Mongoose
+ * will build a text index on this path.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property text
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Boolean|Number|Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'text', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Define a transform function for this individual schema type.
+ * Only called when calling `toJSON()` or `toObject()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = Schema({
+ *       myDate: {
+ *         type: Date,
+ *         transform: v => v.getFullYear()
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *
+ *     const doc = new Model({ myDate: new Date('2019/06/01') });
+ *     doc.myDate instanceof Date; // true
+ *
+ *     const res = doc.toObject({ transform: true });
+ *     res.myDate; // 2019
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property transform
+ * @memberOf SchemaTypeOptions
+ * @type Function
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaTypeOptions.prototype, 'transform', opts);
+
+module.exports = SchemaTypeOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/VirtualOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/VirtualOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a26641459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/VirtualOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const opts = require('./propertyOptions');
+
+class VirtualOptions {
+  constructor(obj) {
+    Object.assign(this, obj);
+
+    if (obj != null && obj.options != null) {
+      this.options = Object.assign({}, obj.options);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Marks this virtual as a populate virtual, and specifies the model to
+ * use for populate.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property ref
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type String|Model|Function
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'ref', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Marks this virtual as a populate virtual, and specifies the path that
+ * contains the name of the model to populate
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property refPath
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type String|Function
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'refPath', opts);
+
+/**
+ * The name of the property in the local model to match to `foreignField`
+ * in the foreign model.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property localField
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type String|Function
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'localField', opts);
+
+/**
+ * The name of the property in the foreign model to match to `localField`
+ * in the local model.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property foreignField
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type String|Function
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'foreignField', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Whether to populate this virtual as a single document (true) or an
+ * array of documents (false).
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property justOne
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'justOne', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If true, populate just the number of documents where `localField`
+ * matches `foreignField`, as opposed to the documents themselves.
+ *
+ * If `count` is set, it overrides `justOne`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property count
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Boolean
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'count', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Add an additional filter to populate, in addition to `localField`
+ * matches `foreignField`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property match
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Object|Function
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'match', opts);
+
+/**
+ * Additional options to pass to the query used to `populate()`:
+ *
+ * - `sort`
+ * - `skip`
+ * - `limit`
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property options
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Object
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'options', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If true, add a `skip` to the query used to `populate()`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property skip
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'skip', opts);
+
+/**
+ * If true, add a `limit` to the query used to `populate()`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property limit
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'limit', opts);
+
+/**
+ * The `limit` option for `populate()` has [some unfortunate edge cases](/docs/populate.html#query-conditions)
+ * when working with multiple documents, like `.find().populate()`. The
+ * `perDocumentLimit` option makes `populate()` execute a separate query
+ * for each document returned from `find()` to ensure each document
+ * gets up to `perDocumentLimit` populated docs if possible.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property perDocumentLimit
+ * @memberOf VirtualOptions
+ * @type Number
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(VirtualOptions.prototype, 'perDocumentLimit', opts);
+
+module.exports = VirtualOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/propertyOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/propertyOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7488a37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/propertyOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = Object.freeze({
+  enumerable: true,
+  configurable: true,
+  writable: true,
+  value: void 0
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/removeOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/removeOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d9158645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/removeOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const clone = require('../helpers/clone');
+
+class RemoveOptions {
+  constructor(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Object.assign(this, clone(obj));
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = RemoveOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/saveOptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/saveOptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22ef4375f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/options/saveOptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const clone = require('../helpers/clone');
+
+class SaveOptions {
+  constructor(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Object.assign(this, clone(obj));
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = SaveOptions;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/idGetter.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/idGetter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4e63561e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/idGetter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(schema) {
+  // ensure the documents receive an id getter unless disabled
+  const autoIdGetter = !schema.paths['id'] &&
+    (!schema.options.noVirtualId && schema.options.id);
+  if (!autoIdGetter) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  schema.virtual('id').get(idGetter);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Returns this documents _id cast to a string.
+ */
+
+function idGetter() {
+  if (this._id != null) {
+    return String(this._id);
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/removeSubdocs.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/removeSubdocs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2756fc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/removeSubdocs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const each = require('../helpers/each');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(schema) {
+  const unshift = true;
+  schema.s.hooks.pre('remove', false, function(next) {
+    if (this.ownerDocument) {
+      next();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const _this = this;
+    const subdocs = this.$getAllSubdocs();
+
+    each(subdocs, function(subdoc, cb) {
+      subdoc.$__remove(cb);
+    }, function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return _this.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('remove:error', _this, [_this], { error: error }, function(error) {
+          next(error);
+        });
+      }
+      next();
+    });
+  }, null, unshift);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/saveSubdocs.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/saveSubdocs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcc73d88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/saveSubdocs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const each = require('../helpers/each');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(schema) {
+  const unshift = true;
+  schema.s.hooks.pre('save', false, function(next) {
+    if (this.ownerDocument) {
+      next();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const _this = this;
+    const subdocs = this.$getAllSubdocs();
+
+    if (!subdocs.length) {
+      next();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    each(subdocs, function(subdoc, cb) {
+      subdoc.$__schema.s.hooks.execPre('save', subdoc, function(err) {
+        cb(err);
+      });
+    }, function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return _this.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('save:error', _this, [_this], { error: error }, function(error) {
+          next(error);
+        });
+      }
+      next();
+    });
+  }, null, unshift);
+
+  schema.s.hooks.post('save', function(doc, next) {
+    if (this.ownerDocument) {
+      next();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const _this = this;
+    const subdocs = this.$getAllSubdocs();
+
+    if (!subdocs.length) {
+      next();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    each(subdocs, function(subdoc, cb) {
+      subdoc.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('save', subdoc, [subdoc], function(err) {
+        cb(err);
+      });
+    }, function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return _this.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('save:error', _this, [_this], { error: error }, function(error) {
+          next(error);
+        });
+      }
+      next();
+    });
+  }, null, unshift);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/sharding.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/sharding.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..020ec06c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/sharding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const objectIdSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').objectIdSymbol;
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function shardingPlugin(schema) {
+  schema.post('init', function() {
+    storeShard.call(this);
+    return this;
+  });
+  schema.pre('save', function(next) {
+    applyWhere.call(this);
+    next();
+  });
+  schema.pre('remove', function(next) {
+    applyWhere.call(this);
+    next();
+  });
+  schema.post('save', function() {
+    storeShard.call(this);
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function applyWhere() {
+  let paths;
+  let len;
+
+  if (this.$__.shardval) {
+    paths = Object.keys(this.$__.shardval);
+    len = paths.length;
+
+    this.$where = this.$where || {};
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      this.$where[paths[i]] = this.$__.shardval[paths[i]];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports.storeShard = storeShard;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function storeShard() {
+  // backwards compat
+  const key = this.$__schema.options.shardKey || this.$__schema.options.shardkey;
+  if (!utils.isPOJO(key)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const orig = this.$__.shardval = {};
+  const paths = Object.keys(key);
+  const len = paths.length;
+  let val;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    val = this.$__getValue(paths[i]);
+    if (val == null) {
+      orig[paths[i]] = val;
+    } else if (utils.isMongooseObject(val)) {
+      orig[paths[i]] = val.toObject({ depopulate: true, _isNested: true });
+    } else if (val instanceof Date || val[objectIdSymbol]) {
+      orig[paths[i]] = val;
+    } else if (typeof val.valueOf === 'function') {
+      orig[paths[i]] = val.valueOf();
+    } else {
+      orig[paths[i]] = val;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/trackTransaction.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/trackTransaction.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30ded8785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/trackTransaction.js
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const sessionNewDocuments = require('../helpers/symbols').sessionNewDocuments;
+
+module.exports = function trackTransaction(schema) {
+  schema.pre('save', function() {
+    const session = this.$session();
+    if (session == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (session.transaction == null || session[sessionNewDocuments] == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!session[sessionNewDocuments].has(this)) {
+      const initialState = {};
+      if (this.isNew) {
+        initialState.isNew = true;
+      }
+      if (this.$__schema.options.versionKey) {
+        initialState.versionKey = this.get(this.$__schema.options.versionKey);
+      }
+
+      initialState.modifiedPaths = new Set(Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify));
+      initialState.atomics = _getAtomics(this);
+
+      session[sessionNewDocuments].set(this, initialState);
+    } else {
+      const state = session[sessionNewDocuments].get(this);
+
+      for (const path of Object.keys(this.$__.activePaths.states.modify)) {
+        state.modifiedPaths.add(path);
+      }
+      state.atomics = _getAtomics(this, state.atomics);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+function _getAtomics(doc, previous) {
+  const pathToAtomics = new Map();
+  previous = previous || new Map();
+
+  const pathsToCheck = Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.init).concat(Object.keys(doc.$__.activePaths.modify));
+
+  for (const path of pathsToCheck) {
+    const val = doc.$__getValue(path);
+    if (val != null &&
+        val instanceof Array &&
+        val.isMongooseDocumentArray &&
+        val.length &&
+        val[arrayAtomicsSymbol] != null &&
+        Object.keys(val[arrayAtomicsSymbol]).length > 0) {
+      const existing = previous.get(path) || {};
+      pathToAtomics.set(path, mergeAtomics(existing, val[arrayAtomicsSymbol]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  const dirty = doc.$__dirty();
+  for (const dirt of dirty) {
+    const path = dirt.path;
+
+    const val = dirt.value;
+    if (val != null && val[arrayAtomicsSymbol] != null && Object.keys(val[arrayAtomicsSymbol]).length > 0) {
+      const existing = previous.get(path) || {};
+      pathToAtomics.set(path, mergeAtomics(existing, val[arrayAtomicsSymbol]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pathToAtomics;
+}
+
+function mergeAtomics(destination, source) {
+  destination = destination || {};
+
+  if (source.$pullAll != null) {
+    destination.$pullAll = (destination.$pullAll || []).concat(source.$pullAll);
+  }
+  if (source.$push != null) {
+    destination.$push = destination.$push || {};
+    destination.$push.$each = (destination.$push.$each || []).concat(source.$push.$each);
+  }
+  if (source.$addToSet != null) {
+    destination.$addToSet = (destination.$addToSet || []).concat(source.$addToSet);
+  }
+  if (source.$set != null) {
+    destination.$set = Object.assign(destination.$set || {}, source.$set);
+  }
+
+  return destination;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/validateBeforeSave.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/validateBeforeSave.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c06d5e6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/plugins/validateBeforeSave.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(schema) {
+  const unshift = true;
+  schema.pre('save', false, function validateBeforeSave(next, options) {
+    const _this = this;
+    // Nested docs have their own presave
+    if (this.ownerDocument) {
+      return next();
+    }
+
+    const hasValidateBeforeSaveOption = options &&
+        (typeof options === 'object') &&
+        ('validateBeforeSave' in options);
+
+    let shouldValidate;
+    if (hasValidateBeforeSaveOption) {
+      shouldValidate = !!options.validateBeforeSave;
+    } else {
+      shouldValidate = this.$__schema.options.validateBeforeSave;
+    }
+
+    // Validate
+    if (shouldValidate) {
+      const hasValidateModifiedOnlyOption = options &&
+          (typeof options === 'object') &&
+          ('validateModifiedOnly' in options);
+      const validateOptions = hasValidateModifiedOnlyOption ?
+        { validateModifiedOnly: options.validateModifiedOnly } :
+        null;
+      this.validate(validateOptions, function(error) {
+        return _this.$__schema.s.hooks.execPost('save:error', _this, [_this], { error: error }, function(error) {
+          _this.$op = 'save';
+          next(error);
+        });
+      });
+    } else {
+      next();
+    }
+  }, null, unshift);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/promise_provider.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/promise_provider.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3febf3687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/promise_provider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const mquery = require('mquery');
+
+/**
+ * Helper for multiplexing promise implementations
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+const store = {
+  _promise: null
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the current promise constructor
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+store.get = function() {
+  return store._promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the current promise constructor
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+store.set = function(lib) {
+  assert.ok(typeof lib === 'function',
+    `mongoose.Promise must be a function, got ${lib}`);
+  store._promise = lib;
+  mquery.Promise = lib;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Use native promises by default
+ */
+
+store.set(global.Promise);
+
+module.exports = store;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/query.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/query.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7497425c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/query.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5530 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const CastError = require('./error/cast');
+const DocumentNotFoundError = require('./error/notFound');
+const Kareem = require('kareem');
+const MongooseError = require('./error/mongooseError');
+const ObjectParameterError = require('./error/objectParameter');
+const QueryCursor = require('./cursor/QueryCursor');
+const ReadPreference = require('./driver').get().ReadPreference;
+const applyGlobalMaxTimeMS = require('./helpers/query/applyGlobalMaxTimeMS');
+const applyWriteConcern = require('./helpers/schema/applyWriteConcern');
+const cast = require('./cast');
+const castArrayFilters = require('./helpers/update/castArrayFilters');
+const castUpdate = require('./helpers/query/castUpdate');
+const completeMany = require('./helpers/query/completeMany');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('./helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('./helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const hasDollarKeys = require('./helpers/query/hasDollarKeys');
+const helpers = require('./queryhelpers');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+const isExclusive = require('./helpers/projection/isExclusive');
+const isInclusive = require('./helpers/projection/isInclusive');
+const mquery = require('mquery');
+const parseProjection = require('./helpers/projection/parseProjection');
+const removeUnusedArrayFilters = require('./helpers/update/removeUnusedArrayFilters');
+const selectPopulatedFields = require('./helpers/query/selectPopulatedFields');
+const setDefaultsOnInsert = require('./helpers/setDefaultsOnInsert');
+const slice = require('sliced');
+const updateValidators = require('./helpers/updateValidators');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+const wrapThunk = require('./helpers/query/wrapThunk');
+
+/**
+ * Query constructor used for building queries. You do not need
+ * to instantiate a `Query` directly. Instead use Model functions like
+ * [`Model.find()`](/docs/api.html#find_find).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = MyModel.find(); // `query` is an instance of `Query`
+ *     query.setOptions({ lean : true });
+ *     query.collection(MyModel.collection);
+ *     query.where('age').gte(21).exec(callback);
+ *
+ *     // You can instantiate a query directly. There is no need to do
+ *     // this unless you're an advanced user with a very good reason to.
+ *     const query = new mongoose.Query();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Object} [model]
+ * @param {Object} [conditions]
+ * @param {Object} [collection] Mongoose collection
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Query(conditions, options, model, collection) {
+  // this stuff is for dealing with custom queries created by #toConstructor
+  if (!this._mongooseOptions) {
+    this._mongooseOptions = {};
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+
+  this._transforms = [];
+  this._hooks = new Kareem();
+  this._executionCount = 0;
+
+  // this is the case where we have a CustomQuery, we need to check if we got
+  // options passed in, and if we did, merge them in
+  const keys = Object.keys(options);
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    this._mongooseOptions[key] = options[key];
+  }
+
+  if (collection) {
+    this.mongooseCollection = collection;
+  }
+
+  if (model) {
+    this.model = model;
+    this.schema = model.schema;
+  }
+
+
+  // this is needed because map reduce returns a model that can be queried, but
+  // all of the queries on said model should be lean
+  if (this.model && this.model._mapreduce) {
+    this.lean();
+  }
+
+  // inherit mquery
+  mquery.call(this, this.mongooseCollection, options);
+
+  if (conditions) {
+    this.find(conditions);
+  }
+
+  this.options = this.options || {};
+
+  // For gh-6880. mquery still needs to support `fields` by default for old
+  // versions of MongoDB
+  this.$useProjection = true;
+
+  const collation = get(this, 'schema.options.collation', null);
+  if (collation != null) {
+    this.options.collation = collation;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * inherit mquery
+ */
+
+Query.prototype = new mquery;
+Query.prototype.constructor = Query;
+Query.base = mquery.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Flag to opt out of using `$geoWithin`.
+ *
+ *     mongoose.Query.use$geoWithin = false;
+ *
+ * MongoDB 2.4 deprecated the use of `$within`, replacing it with `$geoWithin`. Mongoose uses `$geoWithin` by default (which is 100% backward compatible with `$within`). If you are running an older version of MongoDB, set this flag to `false` so your `within()` queries continue to work.
+ *
+ * @see http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geoWithin/
+ * @default true
+ * @property use$geoWithin
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @receiver Query
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.use$geoWithin = mquery.use$geoWithin;
+
+/**
+ * Converts this query to a customized, reusable query constructor with all arguments and options retained.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Create a query for adventure movies and read from the primary
+ *     // node in the replica-set unless it is down, in which case we'll
+ *     // read from a secondary node.
+ *     const query = Movie.find({ tags: 'adventure' }).read('primaryPreferred');
+ *
+ *     // create a custom Query constructor based off these settings
+ *     const Adventure = query.toConstructor();
+ *
+ *     // Adventure is now a subclass of mongoose.Query and works the same way but with the
+ *     // default query parameters and options set.
+ *     Adventure().exec(callback)
+ *
+ *     // further narrow down our query results while still using the previous settings
+ *     Adventure().where({ name: /^Life/ }).exec(callback);
+ *
+ *     // since Adventure is a stand-alone constructor we can also add our own
+ *     // helper methods and getters without impacting global queries
+ *     Adventure.prototype.startsWith = function (prefix) {
+ *       this.where({ name: new RegExp('^' + prefix) })
+ *       return this;
+ *     }
+ *     Object.defineProperty(Adventure.prototype, 'highlyRated', {
+ *       get: function () {
+ *         this.where({ rating: { $gt: 4.5 }});
+ *         return this;
+ *       }
+ *     })
+ *     Adventure().highlyRated.startsWith('Life').exec(callback)
+ *
+ * @return {Query} subclass-of-Query
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.toConstructor = function toConstructor() {
+  const model = this.model;
+  const coll = this.mongooseCollection;
+
+  const CustomQuery = function(criteria, options) {
+    if (!(this instanceof CustomQuery)) {
+      return new CustomQuery(criteria, options);
+    }
+    this._mongooseOptions = utils.clone(p._mongooseOptions);
+    Query.call(this, criteria, options || null, model, coll);
+  };
+
+  util.inherits(CustomQuery, model.Query);
+
+  // set inherited defaults
+  const p = CustomQuery.prototype;
+
+  p.options = {};
+
+  // Need to handle `sort()` separately because entries-style `sort()` syntax
+  // `sort([['prop1', 1]])` confuses mquery into losing the outer nested array.
+  // See gh-8159
+  const options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  if (options.sort != null) {
+    p.sort(options.sort);
+    delete options.sort;
+  }
+  p.setOptions(options);
+
+  p.op = this.op;
+  p._conditions = utils.clone(this._conditions);
+  p._fields = utils.clone(this._fields);
+  p._update = utils.clone(this._update, {
+    flattenDecimals: false
+  });
+  p._path = this._path;
+  p._distinct = this._distinct;
+  p._collection = this._collection;
+  p._mongooseOptions = this._mongooseOptions;
+
+  return CustomQuery;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a javascript function or expression to pass to MongoDBs query system.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.$where('this.comments.length === 10 || this.name.length === 5')
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *
+ *     query.$where(function () {
+ *       return this.comments.length === 10 || this.name.length === 5;
+ *     })
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * Only use `$where` when you have a condition that cannot be met using other MongoDB operators like `$lt`.
+ * **Be sure to read about all of [its caveats](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/where/) before using.**
+ *
+ * @see $where http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/where/
+ * @method $where
+ * @param {String|Function} js javascript string or function
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @method $where
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `path` for use with chaining.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // instead of writing:
+ *     User.find({age: {$gte: 21, $lte: 65}}, callback);
+ *
+ *     // we can instead write:
+ *     User.where('age').gte(21).lte(65);
+ *
+ *     // passing query conditions is permitted
+ *     User.find().where({ name: 'vonderful' })
+ *
+ *     // chaining
+ *     User
+ *     .where('age').gte(21).lte(65)
+ *     .where('name', /^vonderful/i)
+ *     .where('friends').slice(10)
+ *     .exec(callback)
+ *
+ * @method where
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String|Object} [path]
+ * @param {any} [val]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$slice` projection for an array.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.slice('comments', 5)
+ *     query.slice('comments', -5)
+ *     query.slice('comments', [10, 5])
+ *     query.where('comments').slice(5)
+ *     query.where('comments').slice([-10, 5])
+ *
+ * @method slice
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val number/range of elements to slice
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Retrieving+a+Subset+of+Fields#RetrievingaSubsetofFields-RetrievingaSubrangeofArrayElements
+ * @see $slice http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/projection/slice/#prj._S_slice
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.slice = function() {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this._validate('slice');
+
+  let path;
+  let val;
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    const arg = arguments[0];
+    if (typeof arg === 'object' && !Array.isArray(arg)) {
+      const keys = Object.keys(arg);
+      const numKeys = keys.length;
+      for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+        this.slice(keys[i], arg[keys[i]]);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    this._ensurePath('slice');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = arguments[0];
+  } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    if ('number' === typeof arguments[0]) {
+      this._ensurePath('slice');
+      path = this._path;
+      val = slice(arguments);
+    } else {
+      path = arguments[0];
+      val = arguments[1];
+    }
+  } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    val = slice(arguments, 1);
+  }
+
+  const p = {};
+  p[path] = { $slice: val };
+  this.select(p);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the complementary comparison value for paths specified with `where()`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     User.where('age').equals(49);
+ *
+ *     // is the same as
+ *
+ *     User.where('age', 49);
+ *
+ * @method equals
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies arguments for an `$or` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.or([{ color: 'red' }, { status: 'emergency' }])
+ *
+ * @see $or http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/or/
+ * @method or
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Array} array array of conditions
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies arguments for a `$nor` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.nor([{ color: 'green' }, { status: 'ok' }])
+ *
+ * @see $nor http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/nor/
+ * @method nor
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Array} array array of conditions
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies arguments for a `$and` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.and([{ color: 'green' }, { status: 'ok' }])
+ *
+ * @method and
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @see $and http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/and/
+ * @param {Array} array array of conditions
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$gt` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Thing.find().where('age').gt(21)
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     Thing.find().gt('age', 21)
+ *
+ * @method gt
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see $gt http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/gt/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$gte` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method gte
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see $gte http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/gte/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$lt` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method lt
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see $lt http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/lt/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$lte` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method lte
+ * @see $lte http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/lte/
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$ne` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @see $ne http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/ne/
+ * @method ne
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {any} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$in` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @see $in http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/in/
+ * @method in
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Array} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$nin` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @see $nin http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/nin/
+ * @method nin
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Array} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$all` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     MyModel.find().where('pets').all(['dog', 'cat', 'ferret']);
+ *     // Equivalent:
+ *     MyModel.find().all('pets', ['dog', 'cat', 'ferret']);
+ *
+ * @see $all http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/all/
+ * @method all
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Array} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$size` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     MyModel.where('tags').size(0).exec(function (err, docs) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *
+ *       assert(Array.isArray(docs));
+ *       console.log('documents with 0 tags', docs);
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @see $size http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/size/
+ * @method size
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$regex` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @see $regex http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/regex/
+ * @method regex
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {String|RegExp} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `maxDistance` query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @see $maxDistance http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/maxDistance/
+ * @method maxDistance
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$mod` condition, filters documents for documents whose
+ * `path` property is a number that is equal to `remainder` modulo `divisor`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // All find products whose inventory is odd
+ *     Product.find().mod('inventory', [2, 1]);
+ *     Product.find().where('inventory').mod([2, 1]);
+ *     // This syntax is a little strange, but supported.
+ *     Product.find().where('inventory').mod(2, 1);
+ *
+ * @method mod
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Array} val must be of length 2, first element is `divisor`, 2nd element is `remainder`.
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $mod http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/mod/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.mod = function() {
+  let val;
+  let path;
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    this._ensurePath('mod');
+    val = arguments[0];
+    path = this._path;
+  } else if (arguments.length === 2 && !Array.isArray(arguments[1])) {
+    this._ensurePath('mod');
+    val = slice(arguments);
+    path = this._path;
+  } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
+    val = slice(arguments, 1);
+    path = arguments[0];
+  } else {
+    val = arguments[1];
+    path = arguments[0];
+  }
+
+  const conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds.$mod = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$exists` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // { name: { $exists: true }}
+ *     Thing.where('name').exists()
+ *     Thing.where('name').exists(true)
+ *     Thing.find().exists('name')
+ *
+ *     // { name: { $exists: false }}
+ *     Thing.where('name').exists(false);
+ *     Thing.find().exists('name', false);
+ *
+ * @method exists
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Boolean} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $exists http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/exists/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$elemMatch` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.elemMatch('comment', { author: 'autobot', votes: {$gte: 5}})
+ *
+ *     query.where('comment').elemMatch({ author: 'autobot', votes: {$gte: 5}})
+ *
+ *     query.elemMatch('comment', function (elem) {
+ *       elem.where('author').equals('autobot');
+ *       elem.where('votes').gte(5);
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     query.where('comment').elemMatch(function (elem) {
+ *       elem.where({ author: 'autobot' });
+ *       elem.where('votes').gte(5);
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @method elemMatch
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String|Object|Function} path
+ * @param {Object|Function} filter
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $elemMatch http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/elemMatch/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines a `$within` or `$geoWithin` argument for geo-spatial queries.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where(path).within().box()
+ *     query.where(path).within().circle()
+ *     query.where(path).within().geometry()
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ center: [50,50], radius: 10, unique: true, spherical: true });
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ box: [[40.73, -73.9], [40.7, -73.988]] });
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ polygon: [[],[],[],[]] });
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within([], [], []) // polygon
+ *     query.where('loc').within([], []) // box
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: [...] }); // geometry
+ *
+ * **MUST** be used after `where()`.
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * As of Mongoose 3.7, `$geoWithin` is always used for queries. To change this behavior, see [Query.use$geoWithin](#query_Query-use%2524geoWithin).
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * In Mongoose 3.7, `within` changed from a getter to a function. If you need the old syntax, use [this](https://github.com/ebensing/mongoose-within).
+ *
+ * @method within
+ * @see $polygon http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/polygon/
+ * @see $box http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/box/
+ * @see $geometry http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geometry/
+ * @see $center http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/center/
+ * @see $centerSphere http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/centerSphere/
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the maximum number of documents the query will return.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.limit(20)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method limit
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the number of documents to skip.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.skip(100).limit(20)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method skip
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see cursor.skip http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.skip/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the maxScan option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.maxScan(100)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method maxScan
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see maxScan http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/maxScan/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the batchSize option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.batchSize(100)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method batchSize
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see batchSize http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.batchSize/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the `comment` option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.comment('login query')
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method comment
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} val
+ * @see comment http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/comment/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies this query as a `snapshot` query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.snapshot() // true
+ *     query.snapshot(true)
+ *     query.snapshot(false)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method snapshot
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @see snapshot http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/snapshot/
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Sets query hints.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.hint({ indexA: 1, indexB: -1})
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method hint
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} val a hint object
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $hint http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/hint/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the current projection (AKA fields). Pass `null` to remove the
+ * current projection.
+ *
+ * Unlike `projection()`, the `select()` function modifies the current
+ * projection in place. This function overwrites the existing projection.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const q = Model.find();
+ *     q.projection(); // null
+ *
+ *     q.select('a b');
+ *     q.projection(); // { a: 1, b: 1 }
+ *
+ *     q.projection({ c: 1 });
+ *     q.projection(); // { c: 1 }
+ *
+ *     q.projection(null);
+ *     q.projection(); // null
+ *
+ *
+ * @method projection
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object|null} arg
+ * @return {Object} the current projection
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.projection = function(arg) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._fields;
+  }
+
+  this._fields = {};
+  this._userProvidedFields = {};
+  this.select(arg);
+  return this._fields;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies which document fields to include or exclude (also known as the query "projection")
+ *
+ * When using string syntax, prefixing a path with `-` will flag that path as excluded. When a path does not have the `-` prefix, it is included. Lastly, if a path is prefixed with `+`, it forces inclusion of the path, which is useful for paths excluded at the [schema level](/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-select).
+ *
+ * A projection _must_ be either inclusive or exclusive. In other words, you must
+ * either list the fields to include (which excludes all others), or list the fields
+ * to exclude (which implies all other fields are included). The [`_id` field is the only exception because MongoDB includes it by default](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/project-fields-from-query-results/#suppress-id-field).
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // include a and b, exclude other fields
+ *     query.select('a b');
+ *     // Equivalent syntaxes:
+ *     query.select(['a', 'b']);
+ *     query.select({ a: 1, b: 1 });
+ *
+ *     // exclude c and d, include other fields
+ *     query.select('-c -d');
+ *
+ *     // Use `+` to override schema-level `select: false` without making the
+ *     // projection inclusive.
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       foo: { type: String, select: false },
+ *       bar: String
+ *     });
+ *     // ...
+ *     query.select('+foo'); // Override foo's `select: false` without excluding `bar`
+ *
+ *     // or you may use object notation, useful when
+ *     // you have keys already prefixed with a "-"
+ *     query.select({ a: 1, b: 1 });
+ *     query.select({ c: 0, d: 0 });
+ *
+ *
+ * @method select
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object|String|Array<String>} arg
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.select = function select() {
+  let arg = arguments[0];
+  if (!arg) return this;
+
+  if (arguments.length !== 1) {
+    throw new Error('Invalid select: select only takes 1 argument');
+  }
+
+  this._validate('select');
+
+  const fields = this._fields || (this._fields = {});
+  const userProvidedFields = this._userProvidedFields || (this._userProvidedFields = {});
+
+  arg = parseProjection(arg);
+
+  if (utils.isObject(arg)) {
+    const keys = Object.keys(arg);
+    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+      const value = arg[keys[i]];
+      fields[keys[i]] = value;
+      userProvidedFields[keys[i]] = value;
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('Invalid select() argument. Must be string or object.');
+};
+
+/**
+ * _DEPRECATED_ Sets the slaveOk option.
+ *
+ * **Deprecated** in MongoDB 2.2 in favor of [read preferences](#query_Query-read).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     query.slaveOk() // true
+ *     query.slaveOk(true)
+ *     query.slaveOk(false)
+ *
+ * @method slaveOk
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @deprecated use read() preferences instead if on mongodb >= 2.2
+ * @param {Boolean} v defaults to true
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference
+ * @see slaveOk http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/rs.slaveOk/
+ * @see read() #query_Query-read
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Determines the MongoDB nodes from which to read.
+ *
+ * ####Preferences:
+ *
+ *     primary - (default) Read from primary only. Operations will produce an error if primary is unavailable. Cannot be combined with tags.
+ *     secondary            Read from secondary if available, otherwise error.
+ *     primaryPreferred     Read from primary if available, otherwise a secondary.
+ *     secondaryPreferred   Read from a secondary if available, otherwise read from the primary.
+ *     nearest              All operations read from among the nearest candidates, but unlike other modes, this option will include both the primary and all secondaries in the random selection.
+ *
+ * Aliases
+ *
+ *     p   primary
+ *     pp  primaryPreferred
+ *     s   secondary
+ *     sp  secondaryPreferred
+ *     n   nearest
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('primary')
+ *     new Query().read('p')  // same as primary
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('primaryPreferred')
+ *     new Query().read('pp') // same as primaryPreferred
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('secondary')
+ *     new Query().read('s')  // same as secondary
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('secondaryPreferred')
+ *     new Query().read('sp') // same as secondaryPreferred
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('nearest')
+ *     new Query().read('n')  // same as nearest
+ *
+ *     // read from secondaries with matching tags
+ *     new Query().read('s', [{ dc:'sf', s: 1 },{ dc:'ma', s: 2 }])
+ *
+ * Read more about how to use read preferences [here](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference) and [here](http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/anintroductionto1_1and2_2.html#read-preferences).
+ *
+ * @method read
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} pref one of the listed preference options or aliases
+ * @param {Array} [tags] optional tags for this query
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference
+ * @see driver http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/anintroductionto1_1and2_2.html#read-preferences
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.read = function read(pref, tags) {
+  // first cast into a ReadPreference object to support tags
+  const read = new ReadPreference(pref, tags);
+  this.options.readPreference = read;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the [MongoDB session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/)
+ * associated with this query. Sessions are how you mark a query as part of a
+ * [transaction](/docs/transactions.html).
+ *
+ * Calling `session(null)` removes the session from this query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = await mongoose.startSession();
+ *     await mongoose.model('Person').findOne({ name: 'Axl Rose' }).session(s);
+ *
+ * @method session
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {ClientSession} [session] from `await conn.startSession()`
+ * @see Connection.prototype.startSession() /docs/api.html#connection_Connection-startSession
+ * @see mongoose.startSession() /docs/api.html#mongoose_Mongoose-startSession
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.session = function session(v) {
+  if (v == null) {
+    delete this.options.session;
+  }
+  this.options.session = v;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the 3 write concern parameters for this query:
+ *
+ * - `w`: Sets the specified number of `mongod` servers, or tag set of `mongod` servers, that must acknowledge this write before this write is considered successful.
+ * - `j`: Boolean, set to `true` to request acknowledgement that this operation has been persisted to MongoDB's on-disk journal.
+ * - `wtimeout`: If [`w > 1`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-w), the maximum amount of time to wait for this write to propagate through the replica set before this operation fails. The default is `0`, which means no timeout.
+ *
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndReplace()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to the schema's [`writeConcern` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // The 'majority' option means the `deleteOne()` promise won't resolve
+ *     // until the `deleteOne()` has propagated to the majority of the replica set
+ *     await mongoose.model('Person').
+ *       deleteOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }).
+ *       writeConcern({ w: 'majority' });
+ *
+ * @method writeConcern
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} writeConcern the write concern value to set
+ * @see mongodb https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/global.html#WriteConcern
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.writeConcern = function writeConcern(val) {
+  if (val == null) {
+    delete this.options.writeConcern;
+    return this;
+  }
+  this.options.writeConcern = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the specified number of `mongod` servers, or tag set of `mongod` servers,
+ * that must acknowledge this write before this write is considered successful.
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndReplace()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to the schema's [`writeConcern.w` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // The 'majority' option means the `deleteOne()` promise won't resolve
+ *     // until the `deleteOne()` has propagated to the majority of the replica set
+ *     await mongoose.model('Person').
+ *       deleteOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }).
+ *       w('majority');
+ *
+ * @method w
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String|number} val 0 for fire-and-forget, 1 for acknowledged by one server, 'majority' for majority of the replica set, or [any of the more advanced options](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#w-option).
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#w-option
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.w = function w(val) {
+  if (val == null) {
+    delete this.options.w;
+  }
+  if (this.options.writeConcern != null) {
+    this.options.writeConcern.w = val;
+  } else {
+    this.options.w = val;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Requests acknowledgement that this operation has been persisted to MongoDB's
+ * on-disk journal.
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndReplace()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to the schema's [`writeConcern.j` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     await mongoose.model('Person').deleteOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }).j(true);
+ *
+ * @method j
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {boolean} val
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#j-option
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.j = function j(val) {
+  if (val == null) {
+    delete this.options.j;
+  }
+  if (this.options.writeConcern != null) {
+    this.options.writeConcern.j = val;
+  } else {
+    this.options.j = val;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * If [`w > 1`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-w), the maximum amount of time to
+ * wait for this write to propagate through the replica set before this
+ * operation fails. The default is `0`, which means no timeout.
+ *
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndReplace()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to the schema's [`writeConcern.wtimeout` option](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // The `deleteOne()` promise won't resolve until this `deleteOne()` has
+ *     // propagated to at least `w = 2` members of the replica set. If it takes
+ *     // longer than 1 second, this `deleteOne()` will fail.
+ *     await mongoose.model('Person').
+ *       deleteOne({ name: 'Ned Stark' }).
+ *       w(2).
+ *       wtimeout(1000);
+ *
+ * @method wtimeout
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {number} ms number of milliseconds to wait
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#wtimeout
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.wtimeout = function wtimeout(ms) {
+  if (ms == null) {
+    delete this.options.wtimeout;
+  }
+  if (this.options.writeConcern != null) {
+    this.options.writeConcern.wtimeout = ms;
+  } else {
+    this.options.wtimeout = ms;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the readConcern option for the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('local')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('l')  // same as local
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('available')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('a')  // same as available
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('majority')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('m')  // same as majority
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('linearizable')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('lz') // same as linearizable
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('snapshot')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('s')  // same as snapshot
+ *
+ *
+ * ####Read Concern Level:
+ *
+ *     local         MongoDB 3.2+ The query returns from the instance with no guarantee guarantee that the data has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back).
+ *     available     MongoDB 3.6+ The query returns from the instance with no guarantee guarantee that the data has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back).
+ *     majority      MongoDB 3.2+ The query returns the data that has been acknowledged by a majority of the replica set members. The documents returned by the read operation are durable, even in the event of failure.
+ *     linearizable  MongoDB 3.4+ The query returns data that reflects all successful majority-acknowledged writes that completed prior to the start of the read operation. The query may wait for concurrently executing writes to propagate to a majority of replica set members before returning results.
+ *     snapshot      MongoDB 4.0+ Only available for operations within multi-document transactions. Upon transaction commit with write concern "majority", the transaction operations are guaranteed to have read from a snapshot of majority-committed data.
+ *
+ * Aliases
+ *
+ *     l   local
+ *     a   available
+ *     m   majority
+ *     lz  linearizable
+ *     s   snapshot
+ *
+ * Read more about how to use read concern [here](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/).
+ *
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @method readConcern
+ * @param {String} level one of the listed read concern level or their aliases
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Gets query options.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     query.limit(10);
+ *     query.setOptions({ maxTimeMS: 1000 })
+ *     query.getOptions(); // { limit: 10, maxTimeMS: 1000 }
+ *
+ * @return {Object} the options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.getOptions = function() {
+  return this.options;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets query options. Some options only make sense for certain operations.
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * The following options are only for `find()`:
+ *
+ * - [tailable](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Tailable+Cursors)
+ * - [sort](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bsort(\)%7D%7D)
+ * - [limit](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Blimit%28%29%7D%7D)
+ * - [skip](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bskip%28%29%7D%7D)
+ * - [allowDiskUse](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.allowDiskUse/)
+ * - [batchSize](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7BbatchSize%28%29%7D%7D)
+ * - [readPreference](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference)
+ * - [hint](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24hint)
+ * - [comment](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24comment)
+ * - [snapshot](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bsnapshot%28%29%7D%7D)
+ * - [maxscan](https://docs.mongodb.org/v3.2/reference/operator/meta/maxScan/#metaOp._S_maxScan)
+ *
+ * The following options are only for write operations: `update()`, `updateOne()`, `updateMany()`, `replaceOne()`, `findOneAndUpdate()`, and `findByIdAndUpdate()`:
+ *
+ * - [upsert](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/)
+ * - [writeConcern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/)
+ * - [timestamps](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#timestamps): If `timestamps` is set in the schema, set this option to `false` to skip timestamps for that particular update. Has no effect if `timestamps` is not enabled in the schema options.
+ * - omitUndefined: delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * - overwriteDiscriminatorKey: allow setting the discriminator key in the update. Will use the correct discriminator schema if the update changes the discriminator key.
+ * - overwrite: replace the entire document
+ *
+ * The following options are only for `find()`, `findOne()`, `findById()`, `findOneAndUpdate()`, and `findByIdAndUpdate()`:
+ *
+ * - [lean](./api.html#query_Query-lean)
+ * - [populate](/docs/populate.html)
+ * - [projection](/docs/api/query.html#query_Query-projection)
+ *
+ * The following options are only for all operations **except** `update()`, `updateOne()`, `updateMany()`, `remove()`, `deleteOne()`, and `deleteMany()`:
+ *
+ * - [maxTimeMS](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/meta/maxTimeMS/)
+ *
+ * The following options are for `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndRemove()`
+ *
+ * - [useFindAndModify](/docs/deprecations.html#findandmodify)
+ * - rawResult
+ *
+ * The following options are for all operations:
+ *
+ * - [collation](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/collation/)
+ * - [session](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/server-sessions/)
+ * - [explain](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.explain/)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.setOptions = function(options, overwrite) {
+
+  // overwrite is only for internal use
+  if (overwrite) {
+    // ensure that _mongooseOptions & options are two different objects
+    this._mongooseOptions = (options && utils.clone(options)) || {};
+    this.options = options || {};
+
+    if ('populate' in options) {
+      this.populate(this._mongooseOptions);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  if (options == null) {
+    return this;
+  }
+  if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throw new Error('Options must be an object, got "' + options + '"');
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(options.populate)) {
+    const populate = options.populate;
+    delete options.populate;
+    const _numPopulate = populate.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < _numPopulate; ++i) {
+      this.populate(populate[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ('useFindAndModify' in options) {
+    this._mongooseOptions.useFindAndModify = options.useFindAndModify;
+    delete options.useFindAndModify;
+  }
+  if ('omitUndefined' in options) {
+    this._mongooseOptions.omitUndefined = options.omitUndefined;
+    delete options.omitUndefined;
+  }
+  if ('setDefaultsOnInsert' in options) {
+    this._mongooseOptions.setDefaultsOnInsert = options.setDefaultsOnInsert;
+    delete options.setDefaultsOnInsert;
+  }
+  if ('overwriteDiscriminatorKey' in options) {
+    this._mongooseOptions.overwriteDiscriminatorKey = options.overwriteDiscriminatorKey;
+    delete options.overwriteDiscriminatorKey;
+  }
+
+  if ('defaults' in options) {
+    this._mongooseOptions.defaults = options.defaults;
+    // deleting options.defaults will cause 7287 to fail
+  }
+
+  return Query.base.setOptions.call(this, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the [`explain` option](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.explain/),
+ * which makes this query return detailed execution stats instead of the actual
+ * query result. This method is useful for determining what index your queries
+ * use.
+ *
+ * Calling `query.explain(v)` is equivalent to `query.setOptions({ explain: v })`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     const res = await query.find({ a: 1 }).explain('queryPlanner');
+ *     console.log(res);
+ *
+ * @param {String} [verbose] The verbosity mode. Either 'queryPlanner', 'executionStats', or 'allPlansExecution'. The default is 'queryPlanner'
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.explain = function(verbose) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    this.options.explain = true;
+  } else if (verbose === false) {
+    delete this.options.explain;
+  } else {
+    this.options.explain = verbose;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the [`allowDiskUse` option](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.allowDiskUse/),
+ * which allows the MongoDB server to use more than 100 MB for this query's `sort()`. This option can
+ * let you work around `QueryExceededMemoryLimitNoDiskUseAllowed` errors from the MongoDB server.
+ *
+ * Note that this option requires MongoDB server >= 4.4. Setting this option is a no-op for MongoDB 4.2
+ * and earlier.
+ *
+ * Calling `query.allowDiskUse(v)` is equivalent to `query.setOptions({ allowDiskUse: v })`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     await query.find().sort({ name: 1 }).allowDiskUse(true);
+ *     // Equivalent:
+ *     await query.find().sort({ name: 1 }).allowDiskUse();
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} [v] Enable/disable `allowDiskUse`. If called with 0 arguments, sets `allowDiskUse: true`
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.allowDiskUse = function(v) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    this.options.allowDiskUse = true;
+  } else if (v === false) {
+    delete this.options.allowDiskUse;
+  } else {
+    this.options.allowDiskUse = v;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the [maxTimeMS](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.maxTimeMS/)
+ * option. This will tell the MongoDB server to abort if the query or write op
+ * has been running for more than `ms` milliseconds.
+ *
+ * Calling `query.maxTimeMS(v)` is equivalent to `query.setOptions({ maxTimeMS: v })`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     // Throws an error 'operation exceeded time limit' as long as there's
+ *     // >= 1 doc in the queried collection
+ *     const res = await query.find({ $where: 'sleep(1000) || true' }).maxTimeMS(100);
+ *
+ * @param {Number} [ms] The number of milliseconds
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.maxTimeMS = function(ms) {
+  this.options.maxTimeMS = ms;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current query filter (also known as conditions) as a [POJO](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/pojo).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     query.find({ a: 1 }).where('b').gt(2);
+ *     query.getFilter(); // { a: 1, b: { $gt: 2 } }
+ *
+ * @return {Object} current query filter
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.getFilter = function() {
+  return this._conditions;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current query filter. Equivalent to `getFilter()`.
+ *
+ * You should use `getFilter()` instead of `getQuery()` where possible. `getQuery()`
+ * will likely be deprecated in a future release.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     query.find({ a: 1 }).where('b').gt(2);
+ *     query.getQuery(); // { a: 1, b: { $gt: 2 } }
+ *
+ * @return {Object} current query filter
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.getQuery = function() {
+  return this._conditions;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the query conditions to the provided JSON object.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     query.find({ a: 1 })
+ *     query.setQuery({ a: 2 });
+ *     query.getQuery(); // { a: 2 }
+ *
+ * @param {Object} new query conditions
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.setQuery = function(val) {
+  this._conditions = val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current update operations as a JSON object.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     query.update({}, { $set: { a: 5 } });
+ *     query.getUpdate(); // { $set: { a: 5 } }
+ *
+ * @return {Object} current update operations
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.getUpdate = function() {
+  return this._update;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the current update operation to new value.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = new Query();
+ *     query.update({}, { $set: { a: 5 } });
+ *     query.setUpdate({ $set: { b: 6 } });
+ *     query.getUpdate(); // { $set: { b: 6 } }
+ *
+ * @param {Object} new update operation
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.setUpdate = function(val) {
+  this._update = val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns fields selection for this query.
+ *
+ * @method _fieldsForExec
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ * @receiver Query
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._fieldsForExec = function() {
+  return utils.clone(this._fields);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Return an update document with corrected `$set` operations.
+ *
+ * @method _updateForExec
+ * @api private
+ * @receiver Query
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._updateForExec = function() {
+  const update = utils.clone(this._update, {
+    transform: false,
+    depopulate: true
+  });
+  const ops = Object.keys(update);
+  let i = ops.length;
+  const ret = {};
+
+  while (i--) {
+    const op = ops[i];
+
+    if (this.options.overwrite) {
+      ret[op] = update[op];
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if ('$' !== op[0]) {
+      // fix up $set sugar
+      if (!ret.$set) {
+        if (update.$set) {
+          ret.$set = update.$set;
+        } else {
+          ret.$set = {};
+        }
+      }
+      ret.$set[op] = update[op];
+      ops.splice(i, 1);
+      if (!~ops.indexOf('$set')) ops.push('$set');
+    } else if ('$set' === op) {
+      if (!ret.$set) {
+        ret[op] = update[op];
+      }
+    } else {
+      ret[op] = update[op];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Makes sure _path is set.
+ *
+ * @method _ensurePath
+ * @param {String} method
+ * @api private
+ * @receiver Query
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Determines if `conds` can be merged using `mquery().merge()`
+ *
+ * @method canMerge
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} conds
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Returns default options for this query.
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._optionsForExec = function(model) {
+  const options = utils.clone(this.options);
+  delete options.populate;
+  model = model || this.model;
+
+  if (!model) {
+    return options;
+  }
+
+  const safe = get(model, 'schema.options.safe', null);
+  if (!('safe' in options) && safe != null) {
+    setSafe(options, safe);
+  }
+
+  // Apply schema-level `writeConcern` option
+  applyWriteConcern(model.schema, options);
+
+  const readPreference = get(model, 'schema.options.read');
+  if (!('readPreference' in options) && readPreference) {
+    options.readPreference = readPreference;
+  }
+
+  if (options.upsert !== void 0) {
+    options.upsert = !!options.upsert;
+  }
+  if (options.writeConcern) {
+    if (options.j) {
+      options.writeConcern.j = options.j;
+      delete options.j;
+    }
+    if (options.w) {
+      options.writeConcern.w = options.w;
+      delete options.w;
+    }
+    if (options.wtimeout) {
+      options.writeConcern.wtimeout = options.wtimeout;
+      delete options.wtimeout;
+    }
+  }
+  return options;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const safeDeprecationWarning = 'Mongoose: the `safe` option is deprecated. ' +
+  'Use write concerns instead: http://bit.ly/mongoose-w';
+
+const setSafe = util.deprecate(function setSafe(options, safe) {
+  options.safe = safe;
+}, safeDeprecationWarning);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the lean option.
+ *
+ * Documents returned from queries with the `lean` option enabled are plain
+ * javascript objects, not [Mongoose Documents](/api/document.html). They have no
+ * `save` method, getters/setters, virtuals, or other Mongoose features.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     new Query().lean() // true
+ *     new Query().lean(true)
+ *     new Query().lean(false)
+ *
+ *     const docs = await Model.find().lean();
+ *     docs[0] instanceof mongoose.Document; // false
+ *
+ * [Lean is great for high-performance, read-only cases](/docs/tutorials/lean.html),
+ * especially when combined
+ * with [cursors](/docs/queries.html#streaming).
+ *
+ * If you need virtuals, getters/setters, or defaults with `lean()`, you need
+ * to use a plugin. See:
+ *
+ * - [mongoose-lean-virtuals](https://plugins.mongoosejs.io/plugins/lean-virtuals)
+ * - [mongoose-lean-getters](https://plugins.mongoosejs.io/plugins/lean-getters)
+ * - [mongoose-lean-defaults](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose-lean-defaults)
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean|Object} bool defaults to true
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.lean = function(v) {
+  this._mongooseOptions.lean = arguments.length ? v : true;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a `$set` to this query's update without changing the operation.
+ * This is useful for query middleware so you can add an update regardless
+ * of whether you use `updateOne()`, `updateMany()`, `findOneAndUpdate()`, etc.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Updates `{ $set: { updatedAt: new Date() } }`
+ *     new Query().updateOne({}, {}).set('updatedAt', new Date());
+ *     new Query().updateMany({}, {}).set({ updatedAt: new Date() });
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} path path or object of key/value pairs to set
+ * @param {Any} [val] the value to set
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.set = function(path, val) {
+  if (typeof path === 'object') {
+    const keys = Object.keys(path);
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      this.set(key, path[key]);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this._update = this._update || {};
+  this._update.$set = this._update.$set || {};
+  this._update.$set[path] = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * For update operations, returns the value of a path in the update's `$set`.
+ * Useful for writing getters/setters that can work with both update operations
+ * and `save()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const query = Model.updateOne({}, { $set: { name: 'Jean-Luc Picard' } });
+ *     query.get('name'); // 'Jean-Luc Picard'
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} path path or object of key/value pairs to get
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.get = function get(path) {
+  const update = this._update;
+  if (update == null) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  const $set = update.$set;
+  if ($set == null) {
+    return update[path];
+  }
+
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(update, path)) {
+    return update[path];
+  }
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty($set, path)) {
+    return $set[path];
+  }
+
+  return void 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets/sets the error flag on this query. If this flag is not null or
+ * undefined, the `exec()` promise will reject without executing.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     Query().error(); // Get current error value
+ *     Query().error(null); // Unset the current error
+ *     Query().error(new Error('test')); // `exec()` will resolve with test
+ *     Schema.pre('find', function() {
+ *       if (!this.getQuery().userId) {
+ *         this.error(new Error('Not allowed to query without setting userId'));
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * Note that query casting runs **after** hooks, so cast errors will override
+ * custom errors.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const TestSchema = new Schema({ num: Number });
+ *     const TestModel = db.model('Test', TestSchema);
+ *     TestModel.find({ num: 'not a number' }).error(new Error('woops')).exec(function(error) {
+ *       // `error` will be a cast error because `num` failed to cast
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Error|null} err if set, `exec()` will fail fast before sending the query to MongoDB
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.error = function error(err) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._error;
+  }
+
+  this._error = err;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._unsetCastError = function _unsetCastError() {
+  if (this._error != null && !(this._error instanceof CastError)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  return this.error(null);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Getter/setter around the current mongoose-specific options for this query
+ * Below are the current Mongoose-specific options.
+ *
+ * - `populate`: an array representing what paths will be populated. Should have one entry for each call to [`Query.prototype.populate()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-populate)
+ * - `lean`: if truthy, Mongoose will not [hydrate](/docs/api.html#model_Model.hydrate) any documents that are returned from this query. See [`Query.prototype.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) for more information.
+ * - `strict`: controls how Mongoose handles keys that aren't in the schema for updates. This option is `true` by default, which means Mongoose will silently strip any paths in the update that aren't in the schema. See the [`strict` mode docs](/docs/guide.html#strict) for more information.
+ * - `strictQuery`: controls how Mongoose handles keys that aren't in the schema for the query `filter`. This option is `false` by default for backwards compatibility, which means Mongoose will allow `Model.find({ foo: 'bar' })` even if `foo` is not in the schema. See the [`strictQuery` docs](/docs/guide.html#strictQuery) for more information.
+ * - `useFindAndModify`: used to work around the [`findAndModify()` deprecation warning](/docs/deprecations.html#findandmodify)
+ * - `omitUndefined`: delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * - `nearSphere`: use `$nearSphere` instead of `near()`. See the [`Query.prototype.nearSphere()` docs](/docs/api.html#query_Query-nearSphere)
+ *
+ * Mongoose maintains a separate object for internal options because
+ * Mongoose sends `Query.prototype.options` to the MongoDB server, and the
+ * above options are not relevant for the MongoDB server.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options if specified, overwrites the current options
+ * @return {Object} the options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.mongooseOptions = function(v) {
+  if (arguments.length > 0) {
+    this._mongooseOptions = v;
+  }
+  return this._mongooseOptions;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._castConditions = function() {
+  try {
+    this.cast(this.model);
+    this._unsetCastError();
+  } catch (err) {
+    this.error(err);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _castArrayFilters(query) {
+  try {
+    castArrayFilters(query);
+  } catch (err) {
+    query.error(err);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Thunk around find()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._find = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  callback = _wrapThunkCallback(this, callback);
+
+  this._applyPaths();
+  this._fields = this._castFields(this._fields);
+
+  const fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+  const mongooseOptions = this._mongooseOptions;
+  const _this = this;
+  const userProvidedFields = _this._userProvidedFields || {};
+
+  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, this.model);
+
+  // Separate options to pass down to `completeMany()` in case we need to
+  // set a session on the document
+  const completeManyOptions = Object.assign({}, {
+    session: get(this, 'options.session', null)
+  });
+
+  const cb = (err, docs) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    if (docs.length === 0) {
+      return callback(null, docs);
+    }
+    if (this.options.explain) {
+      return callback(null, docs);
+    }
+
+    if (!mongooseOptions.populate) {
+      return mongooseOptions.lean ?
+        callback(null, docs) :
+        completeMany(_this.model, docs, fields, userProvidedFields, completeManyOptions, callback);
+    }
+
+    const pop = helpers.preparePopulationOptionsMQ(_this, mongooseOptions);
+    completeManyOptions.populated = pop;
+    _this.model.populate(docs, pop, function(err, docs) {
+      if (err) return callback(err);
+      return mongooseOptions.lean ?
+        callback(null, docs) :
+        completeMany(_this.model, docs, fields, userProvidedFields, completeManyOptions, callback);
+    });
+  };
+
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+  options.projection = this._fieldsForExec();
+  const filter = this._conditions;
+
+  this._collection.find(filter, options, cb);
+  return null;
+});
+
+/**
+ * Find all documents that match `selector`. The result will be an array of documents.
+ *
+ * If there are too many documents in the result to fit in memory, use
+ * [`Query.prototype.cursor()`](api.html#query_Query-cursor)
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Using async/await
+ *     const arr = await Movie.find({ year: { $gte: 1980, $lte: 1989 } });
+ *
+ *     // Using callbacks
+ *     Movie.find({ year: { $gte: 1980, $lte: 1989 } }, function(err, arr) {});
+ *
+ * @param {Object|ObjectId} [filter] mongodb selector. If not specified, returns all documents.
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.find = function(conditions, callback) {
+  this.op = 'find';
+
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+  }
+
+  conditions = utils.toObject(conditions);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(this);
+  } else if (conditions != null) {
+    this.error(new ObjectParameterError(conditions, 'filter', 'find'));
+  }
+
+  // if we don't have a callback, then just return the query object
+  if (!callback) {
+    return Query.base.find.call(this);
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merges another Query or conditions object into this one.
+ *
+ * When a Query is passed, conditions, field selection and options are merged.
+ *
+ * @param {Query|Object} source
+ * @return {Query} this
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.merge = function(source) {
+  if (!source) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const opts = { overwrite: true };
+
+  if (source instanceof Query) {
+    // if source has a feature, apply it to ourselves
+
+    if (source._conditions) {
+      utils.merge(this._conditions, source._conditions, opts);
+    }
+
+    if (source._fields) {
+      this._fields || (this._fields = {});
+      utils.merge(this._fields, source._fields, opts);
+    }
+
+    if (source.options) {
+      this.options || (this.options = {});
+      utils.merge(this.options, source.options, opts);
+    }
+
+    if (source._update) {
+      this._update || (this._update = {});
+      utils.mergeClone(this._update, source._update);
+    }
+
+    if (source._distinct) {
+      this._distinct = source._distinct;
+    }
+
+    utils.merge(this._mongooseOptions, source._mongooseOptions);
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // plain object
+  utils.merge(this._conditions, source, opts);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a collation to this op (MongoDB 3.4 and up)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.collation/#cursor.collation
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.collation = function(value) {
+  if (this.options == null) {
+    this.options = {};
+  }
+  this.options.collation = value;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Hydrate a single doc from `findOne()`, `findOneAndUpdate()`, etc.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._completeOne = function(doc, res, callback) {
+  if (!doc && !this.options.rawResult) {
+    return callback(null, null);
+  }
+
+  const model = this.model;
+  const projection = utils.clone(this._fields);
+  const userProvidedFields = this._userProvidedFields || {};
+  // `populate`, `lean`
+  const mongooseOptions = this._mongooseOptions;
+  // `rawResult`
+  const options = this.options;
+
+  if (options.explain) {
+    return callback(null, doc);
+  }
+
+  if (!mongooseOptions.populate) {
+    return mongooseOptions.lean ?
+      _completeOneLean(doc, res, options, callback) :
+      completeOne(model, doc, res, options, projection, userProvidedFields,
+        null, callback);
+  }
+
+  const pop = helpers.preparePopulationOptionsMQ(this, this._mongooseOptions);
+  model.populate(doc, pop, (err, doc) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+    return mongooseOptions.lean ?
+      _completeOneLean(doc, res, options, callback) :
+      completeOne(model, doc, res, options, projection, userProvidedFields,
+        pop, callback);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Thunk around findOne()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see findOne http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findOne/
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._findOne = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error()) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  this._applyPaths();
+  this._fields = this._castFields(this._fields);
+
+  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, this.model);
+
+  // don't pass in the conditions because we already merged them in
+  Query.base.findOne.call(this, {}, (err, doc) => {
+    if (err) {
+      callback(err);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    this._completeOne(doc, null, _wrapThunkCallback(this, callback));
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * Declares the query a findOne operation. When executed, the first found document is passed to the callback.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query. The result of the query is a single document.
+ *
+ * * *Note:* `conditions` is optional, and if `conditions` is null or undefined,
+ * mongoose will send an empty `findOne` command to MongoDB, which will return
+ * an arbitrary document. If you're querying by `_id`, use `Model.findById()`
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOne()`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const query  = Kitten.where({ color: 'white' });
+ *     query.findOne(function (err, kitten) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *       if (kitten) {
+ *         // doc may be null if no document matched
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [filter] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Object} [projection] optional fields to return
+ * @param {Object} [options] see [`setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, document)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see findOne http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findOne/
+ * @see Query.select #query_Query-select
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOne = function(conditions, projection, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOne';
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = null;
+    projection = null;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof projection === 'function') {
+    callback = projection;
+    options = null;
+    projection = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  // make sure we don't send in the whole Document to merge()
+  conditions = utils.toObject(conditions);
+
+  if (options) {
+    this.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  if (projection) {
+    this.select(projection);
+  }
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(this);
+  } else if (conditions != null) {
+    this.error(new ObjectParameterError(conditions, 'filter', 'findOne'));
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    // already merged in the conditions, don't need to send them in.
+    return Query.base.findOne.call(this);
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Thunk around count()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see count http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.count/
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._count = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  try {
+    this.cast(this.model);
+  } catch (err) {
+    this.error(err);
+  }
+
+  if (this.error()) {
+    return callback(this.error());
+  }
+
+  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, this.model);
+
+  const conds = this._conditions;
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  this._collection.count(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+});
+
+/**
+ * Thunk around countDocuments()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see countDocuments http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#countDocuments
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._countDocuments = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  try {
+    this.cast(this.model);
+  } catch (err) {
+    this.error(err);
+  }
+
+  if (this.error()) {
+    return callback(this.error());
+  }
+
+  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, this.model);
+
+  const conds = this._conditions;
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  this._collection.collection.countDocuments(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+});
+
+/**
+ * Thunk around estimatedDocumentCount()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see estimatedDocumentCount http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#estimatedDocumentCount
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._estimatedDocumentCount = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  if (this.error()) {
+    return callback(this.error());
+  }
+
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  this._collection.collection.estimatedDocumentCount(options, utils.tick(callback));
+});
+
+/**
+ * Specifies this query as a `count` query.
+ *
+ * This method is deprecated. If you want to count the number of documents in
+ * a collection, e.g. `count({})`, use the [`estimatedDocumentCount()` function](/docs/api.html#query_Query-estimatedDocumentCount)
+ * instead. Otherwise, use the [`countDocuments()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-countDocuments) function instead.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `count()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const countQuery = model.where({ 'color': 'black' }).count();
+ *
+ *     query.count({ color: 'black' }).count(callback)
+ *
+ *     query.count({ color: 'black' }, callback)
+ *
+ *     query.where('color', 'black').count(function (err, count) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *       console.log('there are %d kittens', count);
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {Object} [filter] count documents that match this object
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, count)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see count http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.count/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.count = function(filter, callback) {
+  this.op = 'count';
+  if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+    callback = filter;
+    filter = undefined;
+  }
+
+  filter = utils.toObject(filter);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(filter)) {
+    this.merge(filter);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies this query as a `estimatedDocumentCount()` query. Faster than
+ * using `countDocuments()` for large collections because
+ * `estimatedDocumentCount()` uses collection metadata rather than scanning
+ * the entire collection.
+ *
+ * `estimatedDocumentCount()` does **not** accept a filter. `Model.find({ foo: bar }).estimatedDocumentCount()`
+ * is equivalent to `Model.find().estimatedDocumentCount()`
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `estimatedDocumentCount()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     await Model.find().estimatedDocumentCount();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] passed transparently to the [MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#estimatedDocumentCount)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, count)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see estimatedDocumentCount http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#estimatedDocumentCount
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.estimatedDocumentCount = function(options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'estimatedDocumentCount';
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'object' && options != null) {
+    this.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies this query as a `countDocuments()` query. Behaves like `count()`,
+ * except it always does a full collection scan when passed an empty filter `{}`.
+ *
+ * There are also minor differences in how `countDocuments()` handles
+ * [`$where` and a couple geospatial operators](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#countDocuments).
+ * versus `count()`.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `countDocuments()`
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const countQuery = model.where({ 'color': 'black' }).countDocuments();
+ *
+ *     query.countDocuments({ color: 'black' }).count(callback);
+ *
+ *     query.countDocuments({ color: 'black' }, callback);
+ *
+ *     query.where('color', 'black').countDocuments(function(err, count) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *       console.log('there are %d kittens', count);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * The `countDocuments()` function is similar to `count()`, but there are a
+ * [few operators that `countDocuments()` does not support](https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#countDocuments).
+ * Below are the operators that `count()` supports but `countDocuments()` does not,
+ * and the suggested replacement:
+ *
+ * - `$where`: [`$expr`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/expr/)
+ * - `$near`: [`$geoWithin`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/) with [`$center`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/center/#op._S_center)
+ * - `$nearSphere`: [`$geoWithin`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/) with [`$centerSphere`](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/centerSphere/#op._S_centerSphere)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [filter] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, count)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see countDocuments http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#countDocuments
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.countDocuments = function(conditions, callback) {
+  this.op = 'countDocuments';
+  if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+  }
+
+  conditions = utils.toObject(conditions);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Thunk around distinct()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see distinct http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.distinct/
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.__distinct = wrapThunk(function __distinct(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error()) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, this.model);
+
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  // don't pass in the conditions because we already merged them in
+  this._collection.collection.
+    distinct(this._distinct, this._conditions, options, callback);
+});
+
+/**
+ * Declares or executes a distinct() operation.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * This function does not trigger any middleware.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     distinct(field, conditions, callback)
+ *     distinct(field, conditions)
+ *     distinct(field, callback)
+ *     distinct(field)
+ *     distinct(callback)
+ *     distinct()
+ *
+ * @param {String} [field]
+ * @param {Object|Query} [filter]
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, arr)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see distinct http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.distinct/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.distinct = function(field, conditions, callback) {
+  this.op = 'distinct';
+  if (!callback) {
+    if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+      callback = conditions;
+      conditions = undefined;
+    } else if (typeof field === 'function') {
+      callback = field;
+      field = undefined;
+      conditions = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  conditions = utils.toObject(conditions);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(this);
+  } else if (conditions != null) {
+    this.error(new ObjectParameterError(conditions, 'filter', 'distinct'));
+  }
+
+  if (field != null) {
+    this._distinct = field;
+  }
+
+  if (callback != null) {
+    this.exec(callback);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the sort order
+ *
+ * If an object is passed, values allowed are `asc`, `desc`, `ascending`, `descending`, `1`, and `-1`.
+ *
+ * If a string is passed, it must be a space delimited list of path names. The
+ * sort order of each path is ascending unless the path name is prefixed with `-`
+ * which will be treated as descending.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // sort by "field" ascending and "test" descending
+ *     query.sort({ field: 'asc', test: -1 });
+ *
+ *     // equivalent
+ *     query.sort('field -test');
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String} arg
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see cursor.sort http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.sort/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.sort = function(arg) {
+  if (arguments.length > 1) {
+    throw new Error('sort() only takes 1 Argument');
+  }
+
+  return Query.base.sort.call(this, arg);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a remove() operation. `remove()` is
+ * deprecated, you should use [`deleteOne()`](#query_Query-deleteOne)
+ * or [`deleteMany()`](#query_Query-deleteMany) instead.
+ *
+ * This function does not trigger any middleware
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Character.remove({ name: /Stark/ }, callback);
+ *
+ * This function calls the MongoDB driver's [`Collection#remove()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#remove).
+ * The returned [promise](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html) resolves to an
+ * object that contains 3 properties:
+ *
+ * - `ok`: `1` if no errors occurred
+ * - `deletedCount`: the number of documents deleted
+ * - `n`: the number of documents deleted. Equal to `deletedCount`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const res = await Character.remove({ name: /Stark/ });
+ *     // Number of docs deleted
+ *     res.deletedCount;
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Calling `remove()` creates a [Mongoose query](./queries.html), and a query
+ * does not execute until you either pass a callback, call [`Query#then()`](#query_Query-then),
+ * or call [`Query#exec()`](#query_Query-exec).
+ *
+ *     // not executed
+ *     const query = Character.remove({ name: /Stark/ });
+ *
+ *     // executed
+ *     Character.remove({ name: /Stark/ }, callback);
+ *     Character.remove({ name: /Stark/ }).remove(callback);
+ *
+ *     // executed without a callback
+ *     Character.exec();
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [filter] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, mongooseDeleteResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @deprecated
+ * @see deleteWriteOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#~deleteWriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB driver remove http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#remove
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.remove = function(filter, callback) {
+  this.op = 'remove';
+  if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+    callback = filter;
+    filter = null;
+  }
+
+  filter = utils.toObject(filter);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(filter)) {
+    this.merge(filter);
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(this);
+  } else if (filter != null) {
+    this.error(new ObjectParameterError(filter, 'filter', 'remove'));
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return Query.base.remove.call(this);
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._remove = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  callback = _wrapThunkCallback(this, callback);
+
+  return Query.base.remove.call(this, helpers.handleDeleteWriteOpResult(callback));
+});
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a `deleteOne()` operation. Works like
+ * remove, except it deletes at most one document regardless of the `single`
+ * option.
+ *
+ * This function triggers `deleteOne` middleware.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     await Character.deleteOne({ name: 'Eddard Stark' });
+ *
+ *     // Using callbacks:
+ *     Character.deleteOne({ name: 'Eddard Stark' }, callback);
+ *
+ * This function calls the MongoDB driver's [`Collection#deleteOne()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#deleteOne).
+ * The returned [promise](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html) resolves to an
+ * object that contains 3 properties:
+ *
+ * - `ok`: `1` if no errors occurred
+ * - `deletedCount`: the number of documents deleted
+ * - `n`: the number of documents deleted. Equal to `deletedCount`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const res = await Character.deleteOne({ name: 'Eddard Stark' });
+ *     // `1` if MongoDB deleted a doc, `0` if no docs matched the filter `{ name: ... }`
+ *     res.deletedCount;
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [filter] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, mongooseDeleteResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see deleteWriteOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#~deleteWriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB Driver deleteOne http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#deleteOne
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.deleteOne = function(filter, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'deleteOne';
+  if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+    callback = filter;
+    filter = null;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else {
+    this.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  filter = utils.toObject(filter);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(filter)) {
+    this.merge(filter);
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(this);
+  } else if (filter != null) {
+    this.error(new ObjectParameterError(filter, 'filter', 'deleteOne'));
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return Query.base.deleteOne.call(this);
+  }
+
+  this.exec.call(this, callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Internal thunk for `deleteOne()`
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._deleteOne = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  callback = _wrapThunkCallback(this, callback);
+
+  return Query.base.deleteOne.call(this, helpers.handleDeleteWriteOpResult(callback));
+});
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a `deleteMany()` operation. Works like
+ * remove, except it deletes _every_ document that matches `filter` in the
+ * collection, regardless of the value of `single`.
+ *
+ * This function triggers `deleteMany` middleware.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     await Character.deleteMany({ name: /Stark/, age: { $gte: 18 } });
+ *
+ *     // Using callbacks:
+ *     Character.deleteMany({ name: /Stark/, age: { $gte: 18 } }, callback);
+ *
+ * This function calls the MongoDB driver's [`Collection#deleteMany()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#deleteMany).
+ * The returned [promise](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html) resolves to an
+ * object that contains 3 properties:
+ *
+ * - `ok`: `1` if no errors occurred
+ * - `deletedCount`: the number of documents deleted
+ * - `n`: the number of documents deleted. Equal to `deletedCount`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const res = await Character.deleteMany({ name: /Stark/, age: { $gte: 18 } });
+ *     // `0` if no docs matched the filter, number of docs deleted otherwise
+ *     res.deletedCount;
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [filter] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Object} [options] optional see [`Query.prototype.setOptions()`](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query_Query-setOptions)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, mongooseDeleteResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see deleteWriteOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#~deleteWriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB Driver deleteMany http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/3.1/api/Collection.html#deleteMany
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.deleteMany = function(filter, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'deleteMany';
+  if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+    callback = filter;
+    filter = null;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else {
+    this.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  filter = utils.toObject(filter);
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(filter)) {
+    this.merge(filter);
+
+    prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(this);
+  } else if (filter != null) {
+    this.error(new ObjectParameterError(filter, 'filter', 'deleteMany'));
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return Query.base.deleteMany.call(this);
+  }
+
+  this.exec.call(this, callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Internal thunk around `deleteMany()`
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._deleteMany = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  callback = _wrapThunkCallback(this, callback);
+
+  return Query.base.deleteMany.call(this, helpers.handleDeleteWriteOpResult(callback));
+});
+
+/*!
+ * hydrates a document
+ *
+ * @param {Model} model
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @param {Object} res 3rd parameter to callback
+ * @param {Object} fields
+ * @param {Query} self
+ * @param {Array} [pop] array of paths used in population
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ */
+
+function completeOne(model, doc, res, options, fields, userProvidedFields, pop, callback) {
+  const opts = pop ?
+    { populated: pop }
+    : undefined;
+
+  if (options.rawResult && doc == null) {
+    _init(null);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const casted = helpers.createModel(model, doc, fields, userProvidedFields, options);
+  try {
+    casted.init(doc, opts, _init);
+  } catch (error) {
+    _init(error);
+  }
+
+  function _init(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      return immediate(() => callback(err));
+    }
+
+
+    if (options.rawResult) {
+      if (doc && casted) {
+        if (options.session != null) {
+          casted.$session(options.session);
+        }
+        res.value = casted;
+      } else {
+        res.value = null;
+      }
+      return immediate(() => callback(null, res));
+    }
+    if (options.session != null) {
+      casted.$session(options.session);
+    }
+    immediate(() => callback(null, casted));
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * If the model is a discriminator type and not root, then add the key & value to the criteria.
+ */
+
+function prepareDiscriminatorCriteria(query) {
+  if (!query || !query.model || !query.model.schema) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const schema = query.model.schema;
+
+  if (schema && schema.discriminatorMapping && !schema.discriminatorMapping.isRoot) {
+    query._conditions[schema.discriminatorMapping.key] = schema.discriminatorMapping.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Issues a mongodb [findAndModify](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command) update command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, updates it according to the `update` arg, passing any `options`, and returns the found
+ * document (if any) to the callback. The query executes if
+ * `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ *
+ * ####Available options
+ *
+ * - `new`: bool - if true, return the modified document rather than the original. defaults to false (changed in 4.0)
+ * - `upsert`: bool - creates the object if it doesn't exist. defaults to false.
+ * - `fields`: {Object|String} - Field selection. Equivalent to `.select(fields).findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `runValidators`: if true, runs [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) on this command. Update validators validate the update operation against the model's schema.
+ * - `setDefaultsOnInsert`: if this and `upsert` are true, mongoose will apply the [defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/defaults.html) specified in the model's schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on [MongoDB's `$setOnInsert` operator](https://docs.mongodb.org/v2.4/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/).
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * - `context` (string) if set to 'query' and `runValidators` is on, `this` will refer to the query in custom validator functions that update validation runs. Does nothing if `runValidators` is false.
+ *
+ * ####Callback Signature
+ *     function(error, doc) {
+ *       // error: any errors that occurred
+ *       // doc: the document before updates are applied if `new: false`, or after updates if `new = true`
+ *     }
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options, callback) // executes
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options)  // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, callback) // executes
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update)           // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(update, callback)             // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(update)                       // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(callback)                     // executes
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate()                             // returns Query
+ *
+ * @method findOneAndUpdate
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object|Query} [filter]
+ * @param {Object} [doc]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.rawResult] if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.multipleCastError] by default, mongoose only returns the first error that occurred in casting the query. Turn on this option to aggregate all the cast errors.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.new=false] By default, `findOneAndUpdate()` returns the document as it was **before** `update` was applied. If you set `new: true`, `findOneAndUpdate()` will instead give you the object after `update` was applied.
+ * @param {Object} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and [the Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.returnOriginal=null] An alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal: false` is equivalent to `new: true`.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, doc), _unless_ `rawResult` is used, in which case params are (error, writeOpResult)
+ * @see Tutorial /docs/tutorials/findoneandupdate.html
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOneAndUpdate = function(criteria, doc, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOneAndUpdate';
+  this._validate();
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if (typeof options === 'function') {
+        callback = options;
+        options = {};
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if (typeof doc === 'function') {
+        callback = doc;
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+      }
+      options = undefined;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if (typeof criteria === 'function') {
+        callback = criteria;
+        criteria = options = doc = undefined;
+      } else {
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = options = undefined;
+      }
+  }
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  // apply doc
+  if (doc) {
+    this._mergeUpdate(doc);
+  }
+
+  options = options ? utils.clone(options) : {};
+
+  if (options.projection) {
+    this.select(options.projection);
+    delete options.projection;
+  }
+  if (options.fields) {
+    this.select(options.fields);
+    delete options.fields;
+  }
+
+
+  const returnOriginal = get(this, 'model.base.options.returnOriginal');
+  if (options.new == null && options.returnDocument == null && options.returnOriginal == null && returnOriginal != null) {
+    options.returnOriginal = returnOriginal;
+  }
+
+  this.setOptions(options);
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Thunk around findOneAndUpdate()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._findOneAndUpdate = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    return callback(this.error());
+  }
+
+  this._findAndModify('update', callback);
+});
+
+/**
+ * Issues a mongodb [findAndModify](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command) remove command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, passing the found document (if any) to
+ * the callback. Executes if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndRemove()`
+ *
+ * ####Available options
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, resolves to the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ *
+ * ####Callback Signature
+ *     function(error, doc) {
+ *       // error: any errors that occurred
+ *       // doc: the document before updates are applied if `new: false`, or after updates if `new = true`
+ *     }
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions, callback) // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions) // returns Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(callback)   // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove()           // returns Query
+ *
+ * @method findOneAndRemove
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} [conditions]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.rawResult] if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, document)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOneAndRemove = function(conditions, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOneAndRemove';
+  this._validate();
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 2:
+      if (typeof options === 'function') {
+        callback = options;
+        options = {};
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+        callback = conditions;
+        conditions = undefined;
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+  }
+
+  options && this.setOptions(options);
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issues a MongoDB [findOneAndDelete](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findOneAndDelete/) command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, and passes the found document (if any)
+ * to the callback. Executes if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ *
+ * This function differs slightly from `Model.findOneAndRemove()` in that
+ * `findOneAndRemove()` becomes a [MongoDB `findAndModify()` command](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findAndModify/),
+ * as opposed to a `findOneAndDelete()` command. For most mongoose use cases,
+ * this distinction is purely pedantic. You should use `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * unless you have a good reason not to.
+ *
+ * ####Available options
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, resolves to the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ *
+ * ####Callback Signature
+ *     function(error, doc) {
+ *       // error: any errors that occurred
+ *       // doc: the document before updates are applied if `new: false`, or after updates if `new = true`
+ *     }
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete(conditions, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete(conditions, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete(conditions, callback) // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete(conditions) // returns Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete(callback)   // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete()           // returns Query
+ *
+ * @method findOneAndDelete
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Object} [conditions]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.rawResult] if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, document)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOneAndDelete = function(conditions, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOneAndDelete';
+  this._validate();
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 2:
+      if (typeof options === 'function') {
+        callback = options;
+        options = {};
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+        callback = conditions;
+        conditions = undefined;
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+  }
+
+  options && this.setOptions(options);
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Thunk around findOneAndDelete()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._findOneAndDelete = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const filter = this._conditions;
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+  let fields = null;
+
+  if (this._fields != null) {
+    options.projection = this._castFields(utils.clone(this._fields));
+    fields = options.projection;
+    if (fields instanceof Error) {
+      callback(fields);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this._collection.collection.findOneAndDelete(filter, options, _wrapThunkCallback(this, (err, res) => {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    const doc = res.value;
+
+    return this._completeOne(doc, res, callback);
+  }));
+});
+
+/**
+ * Issues a MongoDB [findOneAndReplace](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findOneAndReplace/) command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, and passes the found document (if any)
+ * to the callback. Executes if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `findOneAndReplace()`
+ *
+ * ####Available options
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ * - `maxTimeMS`: puts a time limit on the query - requires mongodb >= 2.6.0
+ * - `rawResult`: if true, resolves to the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ *
+ * ####Callback Signature
+ *     function(error, doc) {
+ *       // error: any errors that occurred
+ *       // doc: the document before updates are applied if `new: false`, or after updates if `new = true`
+ *     }
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     A.where().findOneAndReplace(filter, replacement, options, callback); // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndReplace(filter, replacement, options); // return Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndReplace(filter, replacement, callback); // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndReplace(filter); // returns Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndReplace(callback); // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndReplace(); // returns Query
+ *
+ * @method findOneAndReplace
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Object} [filter]
+ * @param {Object} [replacement]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.rawResult] if true, returns the [raw result from the MongoDB driver](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findAndModify)
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.new=false] By default, `findOneAndUpdate()` returns the document as it was **before** `update` was applied. If you set `new: true`, `findOneAndUpdate()` will instead give you the object after `update` was applied.
+ * @param {Object} [options.lean] if truthy, mongoose will return the document as a plain JavaScript object rather than a mongoose document. See [`Query.lean()`](/docs/api.html#query_Query-lean) and [the Mongoose lean tutorial](/docs/tutorials/lean.html).
+ * @param {ClientSession} [options.session=null] The session associated with this query. See [transactions docs](/docs/transactions.html).
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.returnOriginal=null] An alias for the `new` option. `returnOriginal: false` is equivalent to `new: true`.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params are (error, document)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOneAndReplace = function(filter, replacement, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOneAndReplace';
+  this._validate();
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if (typeof options === 'function') {
+        callback = options;
+        options = void 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if (typeof replacement === 'function') {
+        callback = replacement;
+        replacement = void 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+        callback = filter;
+        filter = void 0;
+        replacement = void 0;
+        options = void 0;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (mquery.canMerge(filter)) {
+    this.merge(filter);
+  }
+
+  if (replacement != null) {
+    if (hasDollarKeys(replacement)) {
+      throw new Error('The replacement document must not contain atomic operators.');
+    }
+    this._mergeUpdate(replacement);
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const returnOriginal = get(this, 'model.base.options.returnOriginal');
+  if (options.new == null && options.returnDocument == null && options.returnOriginal == null && returnOriginal != null) {
+    options.returnOriginal = returnOriginal;
+  }
+  this.setOptions(options);
+  this.setOptions({ overwrite: true });
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.exec(callback);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Thunk around findOneAndReplace()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._findOneAndReplace = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const filter = this._conditions;
+  const options = this._optionsForExec();
+  convertNewToReturnDocument(options);
+  let fields = null;
+
+  let castedDoc = new this.model(this._update, null, true);
+  this._update = castedDoc;
+
+  this._applyPaths();
+  if (this._fields != null) {
+    options.projection = this._castFields(utils.clone(this._fields));
+    fields = options.projection;
+    if (fields instanceof Error) {
+      callback(fields);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  castedDoc.validate(err => {
+    if (err != null) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    if (castedDoc.toBSON) {
+      castedDoc = castedDoc.toBSON();
+    }
+
+    this._collection.collection.findOneAndReplace(filter, castedDoc, options, _wrapThunkCallback(this, (err, res) => {
+      if (err) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      const doc = res.value;
+
+      return this._completeOne(doc, res, callback);
+    }));
+  });
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Support the `new` option as an alternative to `returnOriginal` for backwards
+ * compat.
+ */
+
+function convertNewToReturnDocument(options) {
+  if ('new' in options) {
+    options.returnDocument = options['new'] ? 'after' : 'before';
+    delete options['new'];
+  }
+  if ('returnOriginal' in options) {
+    options.returnDocument = options['returnOriginal'] ? 'before' : 'after';
+    delete options['returnOriginal'];
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Thunk around findOneAndRemove()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._findOneAndRemove = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this._findAndModify('remove', callback);
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Get options from query opts, falling back to the base mongoose object.
+ */
+
+function _getOption(query, option, def) {
+  const opts = query._optionsForExec(query.model);
+
+  if (option in opts) {
+    return opts[option];
+  }
+  if (option in query.model.base.options) {
+    return query.model.base.options[option];
+  }
+  return def;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Override mquery.prototype._findAndModify to provide casting etc.
+ *
+ * @param {String} type - either "remove" or "update"
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._findAndModify = function(type, callback) {
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('Expected callback in _findAndModify');
+  }
+
+  const model = this.model;
+  const schema = model.schema;
+  const _this = this;
+  let fields;
+
+  const castedQuery = castQuery(this);
+  if (castedQuery instanceof Error) {
+    return callback(castedQuery);
+  }
+
+  _castArrayFilters(this);
+
+  const opts = this._optionsForExec(model);
+
+  if ('strict' in opts) {
+    this._mongooseOptions.strict = opts.strict;
+  }
+
+  const isOverwriting = this.options.overwrite && !hasDollarKeys(this._update);
+  if (isOverwriting) {
+    this._update = new this.model(this._update, null, true);
+  }
+
+  if (type === 'remove') {
+    opts.remove = true;
+  } else {
+    if (!('new' in opts) && !('returnOriginal' in opts) && !('returnDocument' in opts)) {
+      opts.new = false;
+    }
+    if (!('upsert' in opts)) {
+      opts.upsert = false;
+    }
+    if (opts.upsert || opts['new']) {
+      opts.remove = false;
+    }
+
+    if (!isOverwriting) {
+      this._update = castDoc(this, opts.overwrite);
+      const _opts = Object.assign({}, opts, {
+        setDefaultsOnInsert: this._mongooseOptions.setDefaultsOnInsert
+      });
+      this._update = setDefaultsOnInsert(this._conditions, schema, this._update, _opts);
+      if (!this._update || Object.keys(this._update).length === 0) {
+        if (opts.upsert) {
+          // still need to do the upsert to empty doc
+          const doc = utils.clone(castedQuery);
+          delete doc._id;
+          this._update = { $set: doc };
+        } else {
+          this.findOne(callback);
+          return this;
+        }
+      } else if (this._update instanceof Error) {
+        return callback(this._update);
+      } else {
+        // In order to make MongoDB 2.6 happy (see
+        // https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-12266 and related issues)
+        // if we have an actual update document but $set is empty, junk the $set.
+        if (this._update.$set && Object.keys(this._update.$set).length === 0) {
+          delete this._update.$set;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(opts.arrayFilters)) {
+      opts.arrayFilters = removeUnusedArrayFilters(this._update, opts.arrayFilters);
+    }
+  }
+
+  this._applyPaths();
+
+  const options = this._mongooseOptions;
+
+  if (this._fields) {
+    fields = utils.clone(this._fields);
+    opts.projection = this._castFields(fields);
+    if (opts.projection instanceof Error) {
+      return callback(opts.projection);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (opts.sort) convertSortToArray(opts);
+
+  const cb = function(err, doc, res) {
+    if (err) {
+      return callback(err);
+    }
+
+    _this._completeOne(doc, res, callback);
+  };
+
+  let useFindAndModify = true;
+  const runValidators = _getOption(this, 'runValidators', false);
+  const base = _this.model && _this.model.base;
+  const conn = get(model, 'collection.conn', {});
+  if ('useFindAndModify' in base.options) {
+    useFindAndModify = base.get('useFindAndModify');
+  }
+  if ('useFindAndModify' in conn.config) {
+    useFindAndModify = conn.config.useFindAndModify;
+  }
+  if ('useFindAndModify' in options) {
+    useFindAndModify = options.useFindAndModify;
+  }
+  if (useFindAndModify === false) {
+    // Bypass mquery
+    const collection = _this._collection.collection;
+    convertNewToReturnDocument(opts);
+
+    if (type === 'remove') {
+      collection.findOneAndDelete(castedQuery, opts, _wrapThunkCallback(_this, function(error, res) {
+        return cb(error, res ? res.value : res, res);
+      }));
+
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // honors legacy overwrite option for backward compatibility
+    const updateMethod = isOverwriting ? 'findOneAndReplace' : 'findOneAndUpdate';
+
+    if (runValidators) {
+      this.validate(this._update, opts, isOverwriting, error => {
+        if (error) {
+          return callback(error);
+        }
+        if (this._update && this._update.toBSON) {
+          this._update = this._update.toBSON();
+        }
+
+        collection[updateMethod](castedQuery, this._update, opts, _wrapThunkCallback(_this, function(error, res) {
+          return cb(error, res ? res.value : res, res);
+        }));
+      });
+    } else {
+      if (this._update && this._update.toBSON) {
+        this._update = this._update.toBSON();
+      }
+      collection[updateMethod](castedQuery, this._update, opts, _wrapThunkCallback(_this, function(error, res) {
+        return cb(error, res ? res.value : res, res);
+      }));
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (runValidators) {
+    this.validate(this._update, opts, isOverwriting, function(error) {
+      if (error) {
+        return callback(error);
+      }
+      _legacyFindAndModify.call(_this, castedQuery, _this._update, opts, cb);
+    });
+  } else {
+    _legacyFindAndModify.call(_this, castedQuery, _this._update, opts, cb);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _completeOneLean(doc, res, opts, callback) {
+  if (opts.rawResult) {
+    return callback(null, res);
+  }
+  return callback(null, doc);
+}
+
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const _legacyFindAndModify = util.deprecate(function(filter, update, opts, cb) {
+  if (update && update.toBSON) {
+    update = update.toBSON();
+  }
+  const collection = this._collection;
+  const sort = opts != null && Array.isArray(opts.sort) ? opts.sort : [];
+  const _cb = _wrapThunkCallback(this, function(error, res) {
+    return cb(error, res ? res.value : res, res);
+  });
+  collection.collection._findAndModify(filter, sort, update, opts, _cb);
+}, 'Mongoose: `findOneAndUpdate()` and `findOneAndDelete()` without the ' +
+  '`useFindAndModify` option set to false are deprecated. See: ' +
+  'https://mongoosejs.com/docs/deprecations.html#findandmodify');
+
+/*!
+ * Override mquery.prototype._mergeUpdate to handle mongoose objects in
+ * updates.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._mergeUpdate = function(doc) {
+  if (doc == null || (typeof doc === 'object' && Object.keys(doc).length === 0)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!this._update) {
+    this._update = Array.isArray(doc) ? [] : {};
+  }
+  if (doc instanceof Query) {
+    if (Array.isArray(this._update)) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot mix array and object updates');
+    }
+    if (doc._update) {
+      utils.mergeClone(this._update, doc._update);
+    }
+  } else if (Array.isArray(doc)) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(this._update)) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot mix array and object updates');
+    }
+    this._update = this._update.concat(doc);
+  } else {
+    if (Array.isArray(this._update)) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot mix array and object updates');
+    }
+    utils.mergeClone(this._update, doc);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * The mongodb driver 1.3.23 only supports the nested array sort
+ * syntax. We must convert it or sorting findAndModify will not work.
+ */
+
+function convertSortToArray(opts) {
+  if (Array.isArray(opts.sort)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!utils.isObject(opts.sort)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const sort = [];
+
+  for (const key in opts.sort) {
+    if (utils.object.hasOwnProperty(opts.sort, key)) {
+      sort.push([key, opts.sort[key]]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  opts.sort = sort;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _updateThunk(op, callback) {
+  this._castConditions();
+
+  _castArrayFilters(this);
+
+  if (this.error() != null) {
+    callback(this.error());
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  callback = _wrapThunkCallback(this, callback);
+  const oldCb = callback;
+  callback = function(error, result) {
+    oldCb(error, result ? result.result : { ok: 0, n: 0, nModified: 0 });
+  };
+
+  const castedQuery = this._conditions;
+  const options = this._optionsForExec(this.model);
+
+  ++this._executionCount;
+
+  this._update = utils.clone(this._update, options);
+  const isOverwriting = this.options.overwrite && !hasDollarKeys(this._update);
+  if (isOverwriting) {
+    if (op === 'updateOne' || op === 'updateMany') {
+      return callback(new MongooseError('The MongoDB server disallows ' +
+        'overwriting documents using `' + op + '`. See: ' +
+        'https://mongoosejs.com/docs/deprecations.html#update'));
+    }
+    this._update = new this.model(this._update, null, true);
+  } else {
+    this._update = castDoc(this, options.overwrite);
+
+    if (this._update instanceof Error) {
+      callback(this._update);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    if (this._update == null || Object.keys(this._update).length === 0) {
+      callback(null, 0);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const _opts = Object.assign({}, options, {
+      setDefaultsOnInsert: this._mongooseOptions.setDefaultsOnInsert
+    });
+    this._update = setDefaultsOnInsert(this._conditions, this.model.schema,
+      this._update, _opts);
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(options.arrayFilters)) {
+    options.arrayFilters = removeUnusedArrayFilters(this._update, options.arrayFilters);
+  }
+
+  const runValidators = _getOption(this, 'runValidators', false);
+  if (runValidators) {
+    this.validate(this._update, options, isOverwriting, err => {
+      if (err) {
+        return callback(err);
+      }
+
+      if (this._update.toBSON) {
+        this._update = this._update.toBSON();
+      }
+      this._collection[op](castedQuery, this._update, options, callback);
+    });
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (this._update.toBSON) {
+    this._update = this._update.toBSON();
+  }
+
+  this._collection[op](castedQuery, this._update, options, callback);
+  return null;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Mongoose calls this function internally to validate the query if
+ * `runValidators` is set
+ *
+ * @param {Object} castedDoc the update, after casting
+ * @param {Object} options the options from `_optionsForExec()`
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.validate = function validate(castedDoc, options, isOverwriting, callback) {
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, cb => {
+    try {
+      if (isOverwriting) {
+        castedDoc.validate(cb);
+      } else {
+        updateValidators(this, this.model.schema, castedDoc, options, cb);
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      immediate(function() {
+        cb(err);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Internal thunk for .update()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._execUpdate = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  return _updateThunk.call(this, 'update', callback);
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Internal thunk for .updateMany()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._updateMany = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  return _updateThunk.call(this, 'updateMany', callback);
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Internal thunk for .updateOne()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._updateOne = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  return _updateThunk.call(this, 'updateOne', callback);
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Internal thunk for .replaceOne()
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @see Model.replaceOne #model_Model.replaceOne
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._replaceOne = wrapThunk(function(callback) {
+  return _updateThunk.call(this, 'replaceOne', callback);
+});
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an update() operation.
+ *
+ * _All paths passed that are not [atomic](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/model-data-for-atomic-operations/#pattern) operations will become `$set` ops._
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `update()`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Model.where({ _id: id }).update({ title: 'words' })
+ *
+ *     // becomes
+ *
+ *     Model.where({ _id: id }).update({ $set: { title: 'words' }})
+ *
+ * ####Valid options:
+ *
+ *  - `upsert` (boolean) whether to create the doc if it doesn't match (false)
+ *  - `multi` (boolean) whether multiple documents should be updated (false)
+ *  - `runValidators`: if true, runs [update validators](/docs/validation.html#update-validators) on this command. Update validators validate the update operation against the model's schema.
+ *  - `setDefaultsOnInsert`: if this and `upsert` are true, mongoose will apply the [defaults](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/defaults.html) specified in the model's schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on [MongoDB's `$setOnInsert` operator](https://docs.mongodb.org/v2.4/reference/operator/update/setOnInsert/).
+ *  - `strict` (boolean) overrides the `strict` option for this update
+ *  - `overwrite` (boolean) disables update-only mode, allowing you to overwrite the doc (false)
+ *  - `context` (string) if set to 'query' and `runValidators` is on, `this` will refer to the query in custom validator functions that update validation runs. Does nothing if `runValidators` is false.
+ *  - `read`
+ *  - `writeConcern`
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Passing an empty object `{}` as the doc will result in a no-op unless the `overwrite` option is passed. Without the `overwrite` option set, the update operation will be ignored and the callback executed without sending the command to MongoDB so as to prevent accidently overwritting documents in the collection.
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * The operation is only executed when a callback is passed. To force execution without a callback, we must first call update() and then execute it by using the `exec()` method.
+ *
+ *     const q = Model.where({ _id: id });
+ *     q.update({ $set: { name: 'bob' }}).update(); // not executed
+ *
+ *     q.update({ $set: { name: 'bob' }}).exec(); // executed
+ *
+ *     // keys that are not [atomic](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/model-data-for-atomic-operations/#pattern) ops become `$set`.
+ *     // this executes the same command as the previous example.
+ *     q.update({ name: 'bob' }).exec();
+ *
+ *     // overwriting with empty docs
+ *     const q = Model.where({ _id: id }).setOptions({ overwrite: true })
+ *     q.update({ }, callback); // executes
+ *
+ *     // multi update with overwrite to empty doc
+ *     const q = Model.where({ _id: id });
+ *     q.setOptions({ multi: true, overwrite: true })
+ *     q.update({ });
+ *     q.update(callback); // executed
+ *
+ *     // multi updates
+ *     Model.where()
+ *          .update({ name: /^match/ }, { $set: { arr: [] }}, { multi: true }, callback)
+ *
+ *     // more multi updates
+ *     Model.where()
+ *          .setOptions({ multi: true })
+ *          .update({ $set: { arr: [] }}, callback)
+ *
+ *     // single update by default
+ *     Model.where({ email: 'address@example.com' })
+ *          .update({ $inc: { counter: 1 }}, callback)
+ *
+ * API summary
+ *
+ *     update(filter, doc, options, cb) // executes
+ *     update(filter, doc, options)
+ *     update(filter, doc, cb) // executes
+ *     update(filter, doc)
+ *     update(doc, cb) // executes
+ *     update(doc)
+ *     update(cb) // executes
+ *     update(true) // executes
+ *     update()
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [filter]
+ * @param {Object} [doc] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.multipleCastError] by default, mongoose only returns the first error that occurred in casting the query. Turn on this option to aggregate all the cast errors.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] params are (error, writeOpResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see update http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.update = function(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    // .update(conditions, doc, callback)
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof doc === 'function') {
+    // .update(doc, callback);
+    callback = doc;
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    // .update(callback)
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    doc = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'object' && !doc && !options && !callback) {
+    // .update(doc)
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+    callback = undefined;
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'update', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an updateMany() operation. Same as
+ * `update()`, except MongoDB will update _all_ documents that match
+ * `filter` (as opposed to just the first one) regardless of the value of
+ * the `multi` option.
+ *
+ * **Note** updateMany will _not_ fire update middleware. Use `pre('updateMany')`
+ * and `post('updateMany')` instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const res = await Person.updateMany({ name: /Stark$/ }, { isDeleted: true });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents matched
+ *     res.nModified; // Number of documents modified
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [filter]
+ * @param {Object|Array} [update] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.multipleCastError] by default, mongoose only returns the first error that occurred in casting the query. Turn on this option to aggregate all the cast errors.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] params are (error, writeOpResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see update http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.updateMany = function(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    // .update(conditions, doc, callback)
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof doc === 'function') {
+    // .update(doc, callback);
+    callback = doc;
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    // .update(callback)
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    doc = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'object' && !doc && !options && !callback) {
+    // .update(doc)
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+    callback = undefined;
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'updateMany', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an updateOne() operation. Same as
+ * `update()`, except it does not support the `multi` or `overwrite` options.
+ *
+ * - MongoDB will update _only_ the first document that matches `filter` regardless of the value of the `multi` option.
+ * - Use `replaceOne()` if you want to overwrite an entire document rather than using [atomic](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/model-data-for-atomic-operations/#pattern) operators like `$set`.
+ *
+ * **Note** updateOne will _not_ fire update middleware. Use `pre('updateOne')`
+ * and `post('updateOne')` instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const res = await Person.updateOne({ name: 'Jean-Luc Picard' }, { ship: 'USS Enterprise' });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents matched
+ *     res.nModified; // Number of documents modified
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [filter]
+ * @param {Object|Array} [update] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.multipleCastError] by default, mongoose only returns the first error that occurred in casting the query. Turn on this option to aggregate all the cast errors.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Note that this allows you to overwrite timestamps. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] params are (error, writeOpResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see update http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.updateOne = function(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    // .update(conditions, doc, callback)
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof doc === 'function') {
+    // .update(doc, callback);
+    callback = doc;
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    // .update(callback)
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    doc = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'object' && !doc && !options && !callback) {
+    // .update(doc)
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+    callback = undefined;
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'updateOne', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a replaceOne() operation. Same as
+ * `update()`, except MongoDB will replace the existing document and will
+ * not accept any [atomic](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/model-data-for-atomic-operations/#pattern) operators (`$set`, etc.)
+ *
+ * **Note** replaceOne will _not_ fire update middleware. Use `pre('replaceOne')`
+ * and `post('replaceOne')` instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const res = await Person.replaceOne({ _id: 24601 }, { name: 'Jean Valjean' });
+ *     res.n; // Number of documents matched
+ *     res.nModified; // Number of documents modified
+ *
+ * This function triggers the following middleware.
+ *
+ * - `replaceOne()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [filter]
+ * @param {Object} [doc] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.multipleCastError] by default, mongoose only returns the first error that occurred in casting the query. Turn on this option to aggregate all the cast errors.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.omitUndefined=false] If true, delete any properties whose value is `undefined` when casting an update. In other words, if this is set, Mongoose will delete `baz` from the update in `Model.updateOne({}, { foo: 'bar', baz: undefined })` before sending the update to the server.
+ * @param {Boolean|String} [options.strict] overwrites the schema's [strict mode option](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html#strict)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.upsert=false] if true, and no documents found, insert a new document
+ * @param {Object} [options.writeConcern=null] sets the [write concern](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/) for replica sets. Overrides the [schema-level write concern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern)
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.timestamps=null] If set to `false` and [schema-level timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps) are enabled, skip timestamps for this update. Does nothing if schema-level timestamps are not set.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] params are (error, writeOpResult)
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see Model.update #model_Model.update
+ * @see Query docs https://mongoosejs.com/docs/queries.html
+ * @see update http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/
+ * @see writeOpResult http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.2/api/Collection.html#~WriteOpResult
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/update/#update-command-output
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.replaceOne = function(conditions, doc, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    // .update(conditions, doc, callback)
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof doc === 'function') {
+    // .update(doc, callback);
+    callback = doc;
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = {};
+    options = null;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'function') {
+    // .update(callback)
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    doc = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+  } else if (typeof conditions === 'object' && !doc && !options && !callback) {
+    // .update(doc)
+    doc = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+    options = undefined;
+    callback = undefined;
+  }
+
+  this.setOptions({ overwrite: true });
+  return _update(this, 'replaceOne', conditions, doc, options, callback);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Internal helper for update, updateMany, updateOne, replaceOne
+ */
+
+function _update(query, op, filter, doc, options, callback) {
+  // make sure we don't send in the whole Document to merge()
+  query.op = op;
+  filter = utils.toObject(filter);
+  doc = doc || {};
+
+  // strict is an option used in the update checking, make sure it gets set
+  if (options != null) {
+    if ('strict' in options) {
+      query._mongooseOptions.strict = options.strict;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!(filter instanceof Query) &&
+      filter != null &&
+      filter.toString() !== '[object Object]') {
+    query.error(new ObjectParameterError(filter, 'filter', op));
+  } else {
+    query.merge(filter);
+  }
+
+  if (utils.isObject(options)) {
+    query.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  query._mergeUpdate(doc);
+
+  // Hooks
+  if (callback) {
+    query.exec(callback);
+
+    return query;
+  }
+
+  return Query.base[op].call(query, filter, void 0, options, callback);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runs a function `fn` and treats the return value of `fn` as the new value
+ * for the query to resolve to.
+ *
+ * Any functions you pass to `map()` will run **after** any post hooks.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const res = await MyModel.findOne().map(res => {
+ *       // Sets a `loadedAt` property on the doc that tells you the time the
+ *       // document was loaded.
+ *       return res == null ?
+ *         res :
+ *         Object.assign(res, { loadedAt: new Date() });
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @method map
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Function} fn function to run to transform the query result
+ * @return {Query} this
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.map = function(fn) {
+  this._transforms.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Make this query throw an error if no documents match the given `filter`.
+ * This is handy for integrating with async/await, because `orFail()` saves you
+ * an extra `if` statement to check if no document was found.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Throws if no doc returned
+ *     await Model.findOne({ foo: 'bar' }).orFail();
+ *
+ *     // Throws if no document was updated
+ *     await Model.updateOne({ foo: 'bar' }, { name: 'test' }).orFail();
+ *
+ *     // Throws "No docs found!" error if no docs match `{ foo: 'bar' }`
+ *     await Model.find({ foo: 'bar' }).orFail(new Error('No docs found!'));
+ *
+ *     // Throws "Not found" error if no document was found
+ *     await Model.findOneAndUpdate({ foo: 'bar' }, { name: 'test' }).
+ *       orFail(() => Error('Not found'));
+ *
+ * @method orFail
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Function|Error} [err] optional error to throw if no docs match `filter`. If not specified, `orFail()` will throw a `DocumentNotFoundError`
+ * @return {Query} this
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.orFail = function(err) {
+  this.map(res => {
+    switch (this.op) {
+      case 'find':
+        if (res.length === 0) {
+          throw _orFailError(err, this);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'findOne':
+        if (res == null) {
+          throw _orFailError(err, this);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'update':
+      case 'updateMany':
+      case 'updateOne':
+        if (get(res, 'nModified') === 0) {
+          throw _orFailError(err, this);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'findOneAndDelete':
+      case 'findOneAndRemove':
+        if (get(res, 'lastErrorObject.n') === 0) {
+          throw _orFailError(err, this);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'findOneAndUpdate':
+      case 'findOneAndReplace':
+        if (get(res, 'lastErrorObject.updatedExisting') === false) {
+          throw _orFailError(err, this);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'deleteMany':
+      case 'deleteOne':
+      case 'remove':
+        if (res.n === 0) {
+          throw _orFailError(err, this);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Get the error to throw for `orFail()`
+ */
+
+function _orFailError(err, query) {
+  if (typeof err === 'function') {
+    err = err.call(query);
+  }
+
+  if (err == null) {
+    err = new DocumentNotFoundError(query.getQuery(), query.model.modelName);
+  }
+
+  return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     const promise = query.exec();
+ *     const promise = query.exec('update');
+ *
+ *     query.exec(callback);
+ *     query.exec('find', callback);
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} [operation]
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional params depend on the function being called
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.exec = function exec(op, callback) {
+  const _this = this;
+  // Ensure that `exec()` is the first thing that shows up in
+  // the stack when cast errors happen.
+  const castError = new CastError();
+
+  if (typeof op === 'function') {
+    callback = op;
+    op = null;
+  } else if (typeof op === 'string') {
+    this.op = op;
+  }
+
+  callback = this.model.$handleCallbackError(callback);
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(callback, (cb) => {
+    cb = this.model.$wrapCallback(cb);
+
+    if (!_this.op) {
+      cb();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._hooks.execPre('exec', this, [], (error) => {
+      if (error != null) {
+        return cb(_cleanCastErrorStack(castError, error));
+      }
+      let thunk = '_' + this.op;
+      if (this.op === 'update') {
+        thunk = '_execUpdate';
+      } else if (this.op === 'distinct') {
+        thunk = '__distinct';
+      }
+      this[thunk].call(this, (error, res) => {
+        if (error) {
+          return cb(_cleanCastErrorStack(castError, error));
+        }
+
+        this._hooks.execPost('exec', this, [], {}, (error) => {
+          if (error) {
+            return cb(_cleanCastErrorStack(castError, error));
+          }
+
+          cb(null, res);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }, this.model.events);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _cleanCastErrorStack(castError, error) {
+  if (error instanceof CastError) {
+    castError.copy(error);
+    return castError;
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _wrapThunkCallback(query, cb) {
+  return function(error, res) {
+    if (error != null) {
+      return cb(error);
+    }
+
+    for (const fn of query._transforms) {
+      try {
+        res = fn(res);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return cb(error);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return cb(null, res);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+ * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+ *
+ * More about [`then()` in JavaScript](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/then).
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [resolve]
+ * @param {Function} [reject]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.then = function(resolve, reject) {
+  return this.exec().then(resolve, reject);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+ * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+ * Like `.then()`, but only takes a rejection handler.
+ *
+ * More about [Promise `catch()` in JavaScript](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/catch).
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [reject]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.catch = function(reject) {
+  return this.exec().then(null, reject);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add pre [middleware](/docs/middleware.html) to this query instance. Doesn't affect
+ * other queries.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const q1 = Question.find({ answer: 42 });
+ *     q1.pre(function middleware() {
+ *       console.log(this.getFilter());
+ *     });
+ *     await q1.exec(); // Prints "{ answer: 42 }"
+ *
+ *     // Doesn't print anything, because `middleware()` is only
+ *     // registered on `q1`.
+ *     await Question.find({ answer: 42 });
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.pre = function(fn) {
+  this._hooks.pre('exec', fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add post [middleware](/docs/middleware.html) to this query instance. Doesn't affect
+ * other queries.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const q1 = Question.find({ answer: 42 });
+ *     q1.post(function middleware() {
+ *       console.log(this.getFilter());
+ *     });
+ *     await q1.exec(); // Prints "{ answer: 42 }"
+ *
+ *     // Doesn't print anything, because `middleware()` is only
+ *     // registered on `q1`.
+ *     await Question.find({ answer: 42 });
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.post = function(fn) {
+  this._hooks.post('exec', fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Casts obj for an update command.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @return {Object} obj after casting its values
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._castUpdate = function _castUpdate(obj, overwrite) {
+  let strict;
+  let schema = this.schema;
+
+  const discriminatorKey = schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+  const baseSchema = schema._baseSchema ? schema._baseSchema : schema;
+  if (this._mongooseOptions.overwriteDiscriminatorKey &&
+      obj[discriminatorKey] != null &&
+      baseSchema.discriminators) {
+    const _schema = baseSchema.discriminators[obj[discriminatorKey]];
+    if (_schema != null) {
+      schema = _schema;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ('strict' in this._mongooseOptions) {
+    strict = this._mongooseOptions.strict;
+  } else if (this.schema && this.schema.options) {
+    strict = this.schema.options.strict;
+  } else {
+    strict = true;
+  }
+
+  let omitUndefined = false;
+  if ('omitUndefined' in this._mongooseOptions) {
+    omitUndefined = this._mongooseOptions.omitUndefined;
+  }
+
+  let useNestedStrict;
+  if ('useNestedStrict' in this.options) {
+    useNestedStrict = this.options.useNestedStrict;
+  }
+
+  let upsert;
+  if ('upsert' in this.options) {
+    upsert = this.options.upsert;
+  }
+
+  const filter = this._conditions;
+  if (schema != null &&
+      utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(filter, schema.options.discriminatorKey) &&
+      typeof filter[schema.options.discriminatorKey] !== 'object' &&
+      schema.discriminators != null) {
+    const discriminatorValue = filter[schema.options.discriminatorKey];
+    const byValue = getDiscriminatorByValue(this.model.discriminators, discriminatorValue);
+    schema = schema.discriminators[discriminatorValue] ||
+      (byValue && byValue.schema) ||
+      schema;
+  }
+
+  return castUpdate(schema, obj, {
+    overwrite: overwrite,
+    strict: strict,
+    omitUndefined,
+    useNestedStrict: useNestedStrict,
+    upsert: upsert,
+    arrayFilters: this.options.arrayFilters
+  }, this, this._conditions);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * castQuery
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function castQuery(query) {
+  try {
+    return query.cast(query.model);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return err;
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * castDoc
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function castDoc(query, overwrite) {
+  try {
+    return query._castUpdate(query._update, overwrite);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return err;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Specifies paths which should be populated with other documents.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     let book = await Book.findOne().populate('authors');
+ *     book.title; // 'Node.js in Action'
+ *     book.authors[0].name; // 'TJ Holowaychuk'
+ *     book.authors[1].name; // 'Nathan Rajlich'
+ *
+ *     let books = await Book.find().populate({
+ *       path: 'authors',
+ *       // `match` and `sort` apply to the Author model,
+ *       // not the Book model. These options do not affect
+ *       // which documents are in `books`, just the order and
+ *       // contents of each book document's `authors`.
+ *       match: { name: new RegExp('.*h.*', 'i') },
+ *       sort: { name: -1 }
+ *     });
+ *     books[0].title; // 'Node.js in Action'
+ *     // Each book's `authors` are sorted by name, descending.
+ *     books[0].authors[0].name; // 'TJ Holowaychuk'
+ *     books[0].authors[1].name; // 'Marc Harter'
+ *
+ *     books[1].title; // 'Professional AngularJS'
+ *     // Empty array, no authors' name has the letter 'h'
+ *     books[1].authors; // []
+ *
+ * Paths are populated after the query executes and a response is received. A
+ * separate query is then executed for each path specified for population. After
+ * a response for each query has also been returned, the results are passed to
+ * the callback.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String} path either the path to populate or an object specifying all parameters
+ * @param {Object|String} [select] Field selection for the population query
+ * @param {Model} [model] The model you wish to use for population. If not specified, populate will look up the model by the name in the Schema's `ref` field.
+ * @param {Object} [match] Conditions for the population query
+ * @param {Object} [options] Options for the population query (sort, etc)
+ * @param {String} [options.path=null] The path to populate.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.retainNullValues=false] by default, Mongoose removes null and undefined values from populated arrays. Use this option to make `populate()` retain `null` and `undefined` array entries.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.getters=false] if true, Mongoose will call any getters defined on the `localField`. By default, Mongoose gets the raw value of `localField`. For example, you would need to set this option to `true` if you wanted to [add a `lowercase` getter to your `localField`](/docs/schematypes.html#schematype-options).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.clone=false] When you do `BlogPost.find().populate('author')`, blog posts with the same author will share 1 copy of an `author` doc. Enable this option to make Mongoose clone populated docs before assigning them.
+ * @param {Object|Function} [options.match=null] Add an additional filter to the populate query. Can be a filter object containing [MongoDB query syntax](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/query-documents/), or a function that returns a filter object.
+ * @param {Function} [options.transform=null] Function that Mongoose will call on every populated document that allows you to transform the populated document.
+ * @param {Object} [options.options=null] Additional options like `limit` and `lean`.
+ * @see population ./populate.html
+ * @see Query#select #query_Query-select
+ * @see Model.populate #model_Model.populate
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.populate = function() {
+  // Bail when given no truthy arguments
+  if (!Array.from(arguments).some(Boolean)) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const res = utils.populate.apply(null, arguments);
+
+  // Propagate readConcern and readPreference and lean from parent query,
+  // unless one already specified
+  if (this.options != null) {
+    const readConcern = this.options.readConcern;
+    const readPref = this.options.readPreference;
+
+    for (const populateOptions of res) {
+      if (readConcern != null && get(populateOptions, 'options.readConcern') == null) {
+        populateOptions.options = populateOptions.options || {};
+        populateOptions.options.readConcern = readConcern;
+      }
+      if (readPref != null && get(populateOptions, 'options.readPreference') == null) {
+        populateOptions.options = populateOptions.options || {};
+        populateOptions.options.readPreference = readPref;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const opts = this._mongooseOptions;
+
+  if (opts.lean != null) {
+    const lean = opts.lean;
+    for (const populateOptions of res) {
+      if (get(populateOptions, 'options.lean') == null) {
+        populateOptions.options = populateOptions.options || {};
+        populateOptions.options.lean = lean;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!utils.isObject(opts.populate)) {
+    opts.populate = {};
+  }
+
+  const pop = opts.populate;
+
+  for (const populateOptions of res) {
+    const path = populateOptions.path;
+    if (pop[path] && pop[path].populate && populateOptions.populate) {
+      populateOptions.populate = pop[path].populate.concat(populateOptions.populate);
+    }
+
+    pop[populateOptions.path] = populateOptions;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets a list of paths to be populated by this query
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *      bookSchema.pre('findOne', function() {
+ *        let keys = this.getPopulatedPaths(); // ['author']
+ *      });
+ *      ...
+ *      Book.findOne({}).populate('author');
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *      // Deep populate
+ *      const q = L1.find().populate({
+ *        path: 'level2',
+ *        populate: { path: 'level3' }
+ *      });
+ *      q.getPopulatedPaths(); // ['level2', 'level2.level3']
+ *
+ * @return {Array} an array of strings representing populated paths
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.getPopulatedPaths = function getPopulatedPaths() {
+  const obj = this._mongooseOptions.populate || {};
+  const ret = Object.keys(obj);
+  for (const path of Object.keys(obj)) {
+    const pop = obj[path];
+    if (!Array.isArray(pop.populate)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    _getPopulatedPaths(ret, pop.populate, path + '.');
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _getPopulatedPaths(list, arr, prefix) {
+  for (const pop of arr) {
+    list.push(prefix + pop.path);
+    if (!Array.isArray(pop.populate)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    _getPopulatedPaths(list, pop.populate, prefix + pop.path + '.');
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Casts this query to the schema of `model`
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * If `obj` is present, it is cast instead of this query.
+ *
+ * @param {Model} [model] the model to cast to. If not set, defaults to `this.model`
+ * @param {Object} [obj]
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.cast = function(model, obj) {
+  obj || (obj = this._conditions);
+
+  model = model || this.model;
+  const discriminatorKey = model.schema.options.discriminatorKey;
+  if (obj != null &&
+      obj.hasOwnProperty(discriminatorKey)) {
+    model = getDiscriminatorByValue(model.discriminators, obj[discriminatorKey]) || model;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return cast(model.schema, obj, {
+      upsert: this.options && this.options.upsert,
+      strict: (this.options && 'strict' in this.options) ?
+        this.options.strict :
+        get(model, 'schema.options.strict', null),
+      strictQuery: (this.options && this.options.strictQuery) ||
+        get(model, 'schema.options.strictQuery', null)
+    }, this);
+  } catch (err) {
+    // CastError, assign model
+    if (typeof err.setModel === 'function') {
+      err.setModel(model);
+    }
+    throw err;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts selected field arguments for field selection with mongo 2.2
+ *
+ *     query.select({ ids: { $elemMatch: { $in: [hexString] }})
+ *
+ * @param {Object} fields
+ * @see https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/1091
+ * @see http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/projection/elemMatch/
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._castFields = function _castFields(fields) {
+  let selected,
+      elemMatchKeys,
+      keys,
+      key,
+      out,
+      i;
+
+  if (fields) {
+    keys = Object.keys(fields);
+    elemMatchKeys = [];
+    i = keys.length;
+
+    // collect $elemMatch args
+    while (i--) {
+      key = keys[i];
+      if (fields[key].$elemMatch) {
+        selected || (selected = {});
+        selected[key] = fields[key];
+        elemMatchKeys.push(key);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (selected) {
+    // they passed $elemMatch, cast em
+    try {
+      out = this.cast(this.model, selected);
+    } catch (err) {
+      return err;
+    }
+
+    // apply the casted field args
+    i = elemMatchKeys.length;
+    while (i--) {
+      key = elemMatchKeys[i];
+      fields[key] = out[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return fields;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies schematype selected options to this query.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._applyPaths = function applyPaths() {
+  this._fields = this._fields || {};
+  helpers.applyPaths(this._fields, this.model.schema);
+
+  let _selectPopulatedPaths = true;
+
+  if ('selectPopulatedPaths' in this.model.base.options) {
+    _selectPopulatedPaths = this.model.base.options.selectPopulatedPaths;
+  }
+  if ('selectPopulatedPaths' in this.model.schema.options) {
+    _selectPopulatedPaths = this.model.schema.options.selectPopulatedPaths;
+  }
+
+  if (_selectPopulatedPaths) {
+    selectPopulatedFields(this._fields, this._userProvidedFields, this._mongooseOptions.populate);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a wrapper around a [mongodb driver cursor](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Cursor.html).
+ * A QueryCursor exposes a Streams3 interface, as well as a `.next()` function.
+ *
+ * The `.cursor()` function triggers pre find hooks, but **not** post find hooks.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // There are 2 ways to use a cursor. First, as a stream:
+ *     Thing.
+ *       find({ name: /^hello/ }).
+ *       cursor().
+ *       on('data', function(doc) { console.log(doc); }).
+ *       on('end', function() { console.log('Done!'); });
+ *
+ *     // Or you can use `.next()` to manually get the next doc in the stream.
+ *     // `.next()` returns a promise, so you can use promises or callbacks.
+ *     const cursor = Thing.find({ name: /^hello/ }).cursor();
+ *     cursor.next(function(error, doc) {
+ *       console.log(doc);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Because `.next()` returns a promise, you can use co
+ *     // to easily iterate through all documents without loading them
+ *     // all into memory.
+ *     co(function*() {
+ *       const cursor = Thing.find({ name: /^hello/ }).cursor();
+ *       for (let doc = yield cursor.next(); doc != null; doc = yield cursor.next()) {
+ *         console.log(doc);
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * ####Valid options
+ *
+ *   - `transform`: optional function which accepts a mongoose document. The return value of the function will be emitted on `data` and returned by `.next()`.
+ *
+ * @return {QueryCursor}
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @see QueryCursor
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.cursor = function cursor(opts) {
+  this._applyPaths();
+  this._fields = this._castFields(this._fields);
+  this.setOptions({ projection: this._fieldsForExec() });
+  if (opts) {
+    this.setOptions(opts);
+  }
+
+  const options = Object.assign({}, this._optionsForExec(), {
+    projection: this.projection()
+  });
+  try {
+    this.cast(this.model);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return (new QueryCursor(this, options))._markError(err);
+  }
+
+  return new QueryCursor(this, options);
+};
+
+// the rest of these are basically to support older Mongoose syntax with mquery
+
+/**
+ * _DEPRECATED_ Alias of `maxScan`
+ *
+ * @deprecated
+ * @see maxScan #query_Query-maxScan
+ * @method maxscan
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.maxscan = Query.base.maxScan;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the tailable option (for use with capped collections).
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.tailable() // true
+ *     query.tailable(true)
+ *     query.tailable(false)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} bool defaults to true
+ * @param {Object} [opts] options to set
+ * @param {Number} [opts.numberOfRetries] if cursor is exhausted, retry this many times before giving up
+ * @param {Number} [opts.tailableRetryInterval] if cursor is exhausted, wait this many milliseconds before retrying
+ * @see tailable http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/create-tailable-cursor/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.tailable = function(val, opts) {
+  // we need to support the tailable({ awaitdata : true }) as well as the
+  // tailable(true, {awaitdata :true}) syntax that mquery does not support
+  if (val && val.constructor.name === 'Object') {
+    opts = val;
+    val = true;
+  }
+
+  if (val === undefined) {
+    val = true;
+  }
+
+  if (opts && typeof opts === 'object') {
+    for (const key of Object.keys(opts)) {
+      if (key === 'awaitdata') {
+        // For backwards compatibility
+        this.options[key] = !!opts[key];
+      } else {
+        this.options[key] = opts[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Query.base.tailable.call(this, val);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares an intersects query for `geometry()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('path').intersects().geometry({
+ *         type: 'LineString'
+ *       , coordinates: [[180.0, 11.0], [180, 9.0]]
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     query.where('path').intersects({
+ *         type: 'LineString'
+ *       , coordinates: [[180.0, 11.0], [180, 9.0]]
+ *     })
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * **MUST** be used after `where()`.
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * In Mongoose 3.7, `intersects` changed from a getter to a function. If you need the old syntax, use [this](https://github.com/ebensing/mongoose-within).
+ *
+ * @method intersects
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} [arg]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $geometry http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geometry/
+ * @see geoIntersects http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geoIntersects/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$geometry` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const polyA = [[[ 10, 20 ], [ 10, 40 ], [ 30, 40 ], [ 30, 20 ]]]
+ *     query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: polyA })
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     const polyB = [[ 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ]]
+ *     query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: polyB })
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     const polyC = [ 0, 0 ]
+ *     query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: polyC })
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     query.where('loc').intersects().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: polyC })
+ *
+ * The argument is assigned to the most recent path passed to `where()`.
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * `geometry()` **must** come after either `intersects()` or `within()`.
+ *
+ * The `object` argument must contain `type` and `coordinates` properties.
+ * - type {String}
+ * - coordinates {Array}
+ *
+ * @method geometry
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {Object} object Must contain a `type` property which is a String and a `coordinates` property which is an Array. See the examples.
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $geometry http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geometry/
+ * @see http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/release-notes/2.4/#new-geospatial-indexes-with-geojson-and-improved-spherical-geometry
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$near` or `$nearSphere` condition
+ *
+ * These operators return documents sorted by distance.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10] });
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5, spherical: true });
+ *     query.near('loc', { center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+ *
+ * @method near
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $near http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/near/
+ * @see $nearSphere http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/nearSphere/
+ * @see $maxDistance http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/maxDistance/
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * Overwriting mquery is needed to support a couple different near() forms found in older
+ * versions of mongoose
+ * near([1,1])
+ * near(1,1)
+ * near(field, [1,2])
+ * near(field, 1, 2)
+ * In addition to all of the normal forms supported by mquery
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.near = function() {
+  const params = [];
+  const sphere = this._mongooseOptions.nearSphere;
+
+  // TODO refactor
+
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    if (Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
+      params.push({ center: arguments[0], spherical: sphere });
+    } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'string') {
+      // just passing a path
+      params.push(arguments[0]);
+    } else if (utils.isObject(arguments[0])) {
+      if (typeof arguments[0].spherical !== 'boolean') {
+        arguments[0].spherical = sphere;
+      }
+      params.push(arguments[0]);
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid argument');
+    }
+  } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
+      params.push({ center: [arguments[0], arguments[1]], spherical: sphere });
+    } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'string' && Array.isArray(arguments[1])) {
+      params.push(arguments[0]);
+      params.push({ center: arguments[1], spherical: sphere });
+    } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'string' && utils.isObject(arguments[1])) {
+      params.push(arguments[0]);
+      if (typeof arguments[1].spherical !== 'boolean') {
+        arguments[1].spherical = sphere;
+      }
+      params.push(arguments[1]);
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid argument');
+    }
+  } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
+    if (typeof arguments[0] === 'string' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number'
+        && typeof arguments[2] === 'number') {
+      params.push(arguments[0]);
+      params.push({ center: [arguments[1], arguments[2]], spherical: sphere });
+    } else {
+      throw new TypeError('invalid argument');
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  return Query.base.near.apply(this, params);
+};
+
+/**
+ * _DEPRECATED_ Specifies a `$nearSphere` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').nearSphere({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+ *
+ * **Deprecated.** Use `query.near()` instead with the `spherical` option set to `true`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10], spherical: true });
+ *
+ * @deprecated
+ * @see near() #query_Query-near
+ * @see $near http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/near/
+ * @see $nearSphere http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/nearSphere/
+ * @see $maxDistance http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/maxDistance/
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.nearSphere = function() {
+  this._mongooseOptions.nearSphere = true;
+  this.near.apply(this, arguments);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an asyncIterator for use with [`for/await/of` loops](https://thecodebarbarian.com/getting-started-with-async-iterators-in-node-js)
+ * This function *only* works for `find()` queries.
+ * You do not need to call this function explicitly, the JavaScript runtime
+ * will call it for you.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     for await (const doc of Model.aggregate([{ $sort: { name: 1 } }])) {
+ *       console.log(doc.name);
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Node.js 10.x supports async iterators natively without any flags. You can
+ * enable async iterators in Node.js 8.x using the [`--harmony_async_iteration` flag](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-async-iteration/issues/117#issuecomment-346695187).
+ *
+ * **Note:** This function is not if `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined. If
+ * `Symbol.asyncIterator` is undefined, that means your Node.js version does not
+ * support async iterators.
+ *
+ * @method Symbol.asyncIterator
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+if (Symbol.asyncIterator != null) {
+  Query.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() {
+    return this.cursor().transformNull()._transformForAsyncIterator();
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$polygon` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within().polygon([10,20], [13, 25], [7,15])
+ *     query.polygon('loc', [10,20], [13, 25], [7,15])
+ *
+ * @method polygon
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String|Array} [path]
+ * @param {Array|Object} [coordinatePairs...]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $polygon http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/polygon/
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$box` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const lowerLeft = [40.73083, -73.99756]
+ *     const upperRight= [40.741404,  -73.988135]
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within().box(lowerLeft, upperRight)
+ *     query.box({ ll : lowerLeft, ur : upperRight })
+ *
+ * @method box
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @see $box http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/box/
+ * @see within() Query#within #query_Query-within
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @param [Array] Upper Right Coords
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * this is needed to support the mongoose syntax of:
+ * box(field, { ll : [x,y], ur : [x2,y2] })
+ * box({ ll : [x,y], ur : [x2,y2] })
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.box = function(ll, ur) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(ll) && utils.isObject(ll)) {
+    ur = ll.ur;
+    ll = ll.ll;
+  }
+  return Query.base.box.call(this, ll, ur);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$center` or `$centerSphere` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10, unique: true }
+ *     query.where('loc').within().circle(area)
+ *     // alternatively
+ *     query.circle('loc', area);
+ *
+ *     // spherical calculations
+ *     const area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10, unique: true, spherical: true }
+ *     query.where('loc').within().circle(area)
+ *     // alternatively
+ *     query.circle('loc', area);
+ *
+ * @method circle
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Object} area
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see $center http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/center/
+ * @see $centerSphere http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/centerSphere/
+ * @see $geoWithin http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geoWithin/
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * _DEPRECATED_ Alias for [circle](#query_Query-circle)
+ *
+ * **Deprecated.** Use [circle](#query_Query-circle) instead.
+ *
+ * @deprecated
+ * @method center
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.center = Query.base.circle;
+
+/**
+ * _DEPRECATED_ Specifies a `$centerSphere` condition
+ *
+ * **Deprecated.** Use [circle](#query_Query-circle) instead.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10 };
+ *     query.where('loc').within().centerSphere(area);
+ *
+ * @deprecated
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @see $centerSphere http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/centerSphere/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.centerSphere = function() {
+  if (arguments[0] && arguments[0].constructor.name === 'Object') {
+    arguments[0].spherical = true;
+  }
+
+  if (arguments[1] && arguments[1].constructor.name === 'Object') {
+    arguments[1].spherical = true;
+  }
+
+  Query.base.circle.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if field selection has been made.
+ *
+ * @method selected
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Determines if inclusive field selection has been made.
+ *
+ *     query.selectedInclusively() // false
+ *     query.select('name')
+ *     query.selectedInclusively() // true
+ *
+ * @method selectedInclusively
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.selectedInclusively = function selectedInclusively() {
+  return isInclusive(this._fields);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if exclusive field selection has been made.
+ *
+ *     query.selectedExclusively() // false
+ *     query.select('-name')
+ *     query.selectedExclusively() // true
+ *     query.selectedInclusively() // false
+ *
+ * @method selectedExclusively
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.selectedExclusively = function selectedExclusively() {
+  return isExclusive(this._fields);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Export
+ */
+
+module.exports = Query;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/queryhelpers.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/queryhelpers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fdebdb63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/queryhelpers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies
+ */
+
+const checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection =
+  require('./helpers/discriminator/checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue =
+  require('./helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const isDefiningProjection = require('./helpers/projection/isDefiningProjection');
+const clone = require('./helpers/clone');
+
+/*!
+ * Prepare a set of path options for query population.
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+
+exports.preparePopulationOptions = function preparePopulationOptions(query, options) {
+  const _populate = query.options.populate;
+  const pop = Object.keys(_populate).reduce((vals, key) => vals.concat([_populate[key]]), []);
+
+  // lean options should trickle through all queries
+  if (options.lean != null) {
+    pop.
+      filter(p => get(p, 'options.lean') == null).
+      forEach(makeLean(options.lean));
+  }
+
+  pop.forEach(opts => {
+    opts._localModel = query.model;
+  });
+
+  return pop;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Prepare a set of path options for query population. This is the MongooseQuery
+ * version
+ *
+ * @param {Query} query
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+
+exports.preparePopulationOptionsMQ = function preparePopulationOptionsMQ(query, options) {
+  const _populate = query._mongooseOptions.populate;
+  const pop = Object.keys(_populate).reduce((vals, key) => vals.concat([_populate[key]]), []);
+
+  // lean options should trickle through all queries
+  if (options.lean != null) {
+    pop.
+      filter(p => get(p, 'options.lean') == null).
+      forEach(makeLean(options.lean));
+  }
+
+  const session = get(query, 'options.session', null);
+  if (session != null) {
+    pop.forEach(path => {
+      if (path.options == null) {
+        path.options = { session: session };
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!('session' in path.options)) {
+        path.options.session = session;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  const projection = query._fieldsForExec();
+  pop.forEach(p => {
+    p._queryProjection = projection;
+  });
+  pop.forEach(opts => {
+    opts._localModel = query.model;
+  });
+
+  return pop;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * If the document is a mapped discriminator type, it returns a model instance for that type, otherwise,
+ * it returns an instance of the given model.
+ *
+ * @param {Model}  model
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Object} fields
+ *
+ * @return {Document}
+ */
+exports.createModel = function createModel(model, doc, fields, userProvidedFields, options) {
+  model.hooks.execPreSync('createModel', doc);
+  const discriminatorMapping = model.schema ?
+    model.schema.discriminatorMapping :
+    null;
+
+  const key = discriminatorMapping && discriminatorMapping.isRoot ?
+    discriminatorMapping.key :
+    null;
+
+  const value = doc[key];
+  if (key && value && model.discriminators) {
+    const discriminator = model.discriminators[value] || getDiscriminatorByValue(model.discriminators, value);
+    if (discriminator) {
+      const _fields = clone(userProvidedFields);
+      exports.applyPaths(_fields, discriminator.schema);
+      return new discriminator(undefined, _fields, true);
+    }
+  }
+  if (typeof options === 'undefined') {
+    options = {};
+    options.defaults = true;
+  }
+  return new model(undefined, fields, {
+    skipId: true,
+    isNew: false,
+    willInit: true,
+    defaults: options.defaults
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.applyPaths = function applyPaths(fields, schema) {
+  // determine if query is selecting or excluding fields
+  let exclude;
+  let keys;
+  let keyIndex;
+
+  if (fields) {
+    keys = Object.keys(fields);
+    keyIndex = keys.length;
+
+    while (keyIndex--) {
+      if (keys[keyIndex][0] === '+') {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const field = fields[keys[keyIndex]];
+      // Skip `$meta` and `$slice`
+      if (!isDefiningProjection(field)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      exclude = !field;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if selecting, apply default schematype select:true fields
+  // if excluding, apply schematype select:false fields
+
+  const selected = [];
+  const excluded = [];
+  const stack = [];
+
+  analyzeSchema(schema);
+
+  switch (exclude) {
+    case true:
+      for (const fieldName of excluded) {
+        fields[fieldName] = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case false:
+      if (schema &&
+          schema.paths['_id'] &&
+          schema.paths['_id'].options &&
+          schema.paths['_id'].options.select === false) {
+        fields._id = 0;
+      }
+
+      for (const fieldName of selected) {
+        fields[fieldName] = fields[fieldName] || 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    case undefined:
+      if (fields == null) {
+        break;
+      }
+      // Any leftover plus paths must in the schema, so delete them (gh-7017)
+      for (const key of Object.keys(fields || {})) {
+        if (key.startsWith('+')) {
+          delete fields[key];
+        }
+      }
+
+      // user didn't specify fields, implies returning all fields.
+      // only need to apply excluded fields and delete any plus paths
+      for (const fieldName of excluded) {
+        fields[fieldName] = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  function analyzeSchema(schema, prefix) {
+    prefix || (prefix = '');
+
+    // avoid recursion
+    if (stack.indexOf(schema) !== -1) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    stack.push(schema);
+
+    const addedPaths = [];
+    schema.eachPath(function(path, type) {
+      if (prefix) path = prefix + '.' + path;
+
+      let addedPath = analyzePath(path, type);
+      // arrays
+      if (addedPath == null && type.$isMongooseArray && !type.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        addedPath = analyzePath(path, type.caster);
+      }
+      if (addedPath != null) {
+        addedPaths.push(addedPath);
+      }
+
+      // nested schemas
+      if (type.schema) {
+        const _addedPaths = analyzeSchema(type.schema, path);
+
+        // Special case: if discriminator key is the only field that would
+        // be projected in, remove it.
+        if (exclude === false) {
+          checkEmbeddedDiscriminatorKeyProjection(fields, path, type.schema,
+            selected, _addedPaths);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    stack.pop();
+    return addedPaths;
+  }
+
+  function analyzePath(path, type) {
+    const plusPath = '+' + path;
+    const hasPlusPath = fields && plusPath in fields;
+    if (hasPlusPath) {
+      // forced inclusion
+      delete fields[plusPath];
+    }
+
+    if (typeof type.selected !== 'boolean') return;
+
+    if (hasPlusPath) {
+      // forced inclusion
+      delete fields[plusPath];
+
+      // if there are other fields being included, add this one
+      // if no other included fields, leave this out (implied inclusion)
+      if (exclude === false && keys.length > 1 && !~keys.indexOf(path)) {
+        fields[path] = 1;
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // check for parent exclusions
+    const pieces = path.split('.');
+    let cur = '';
+    for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length; ++i) {
+      cur += cur.length ? '.' + pieces[i] : pieces[i];
+      if (excluded.indexOf(cur) !== -1) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Special case: if user has included a parent path of a discriminator key,
+    // don't explicitly project in the discriminator key because that will
+    // project out everything else under the parent path
+    if (!exclude && get(type, 'options.$skipDiscriminatorCheck', false)) {
+      let cur = '';
+      for (let i = 0; i < pieces.length; ++i) {
+        cur += (cur.length === 0 ? '' : '.') + pieces[i];
+        const projection = get(fields, cur, false) || get(fields, cur + '.$', false);
+        if (projection && typeof projection !== 'object') {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    (type.selected ? selected : excluded).push(path);
+    return path;
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Set each path query option to lean
+ *
+ * @param {Object} option
+ */
+
+function makeLean(val) {
+  return function(option) {
+    option.options || (option.options = {});
+
+    if (val != null && Array.isArray(val.virtuals)) {
+      val = Object.assign({}, val);
+      val.virtuals = val.virtuals.
+        filter(path => typeof path === 'string' && path.startsWith(option.path + '.')).
+        map(path => path.slice(option.path.length + 1));
+    }
+
+    option.options.lean = val;
+  };
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Handle the `WriteOpResult` from the server
+ */
+
+exports.handleDeleteWriteOpResult = function handleDeleteWriteOpResult(callback) {
+  return function _handleDeleteWriteOpResult(error, res) {
+    if (error) {
+      return callback(error);
+    }
+    const mongooseResult = Object.assign({}, res.result);
+    if (get(res, 'result.n', null) != null) {
+      mongooseResult.deletedCount = res.result.n;
+    }
+    if (res.deletedCount != null) {
+      mongooseResult.deletedCount = res.deletedCount;
+    }
+    return callback(null, mongooseResult);
+  };
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d48fee717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2170 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const Kareem = require('kareem');
+const MongooseError = require('./error/mongooseError');
+const SchemaType = require('./schematype');
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./options/SchemaTypeOptions');
+const VirtualOptions = require('./options/VirtualOptions');
+const VirtualType = require('./virtualtype');
+const addAutoId = require('./helpers/schema/addAutoId');
+const arrayParentSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').arrayParentSymbol;
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const getIndexes = require('./helpers/schema/getIndexes');
+const merge = require('./helpers/schema/merge');
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+const readPref = require('./driver').get().ReadPreference;
+const setupTimestamps = require('./helpers/timestamps/setupTimestamps');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+const validateRef = require('./helpers/populate/validateRef');
+
+let MongooseTypes;
+
+const queryHooks = require('./helpers/query/applyQueryMiddleware').
+  middlewareFunctions;
+const documentHooks = require('./helpers/model/applyHooks').middlewareFunctions;
+const hookNames = queryHooks.concat(documentHooks).
+  reduce((s, hook) => s.add(hook), new Set());
+
+let id = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Schema constructor.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const child = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String, age: Number, children: [child] });
+ *     const Tree = mongoose.model('Tree', schema);
+ *
+ *     // setting schema options
+ *     new Schema({ name: String }, { _id: false, autoIndex: false })
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - [autoIndex](/docs/guide.html#autoIndex): bool - defaults to null (which means use the connection's autoIndex option)
+ * - [autoCreate](/docs/guide.html#autoCreate): bool - defaults to null (which means use the connection's autoCreate option)
+ * - [bufferCommands](/docs/guide.html#bufferCommands): bool - defaults to true
+ * - [bufferTimeoutMS](/docs/guide.html#bufferTimeoutMS): number - defaults to 10000 (10 seconds). If `bufferCommands` is enabled, the amount of time Mongoose will wait for connectivity to be restablished before erroring out.
+ * - [capped](/docs/guide.html#capped): bool - defaults to false
+ * - [collection](/docs/guide.html#collection): string - no default
+ * - [id](/docs/guide.html#id): bool - defaults to true
+ * - [_id](/docs/guide.html#_id): bool - defaults to true
+ * - [minimize](/docs/guide.html#minimize): bool - controls [document#toObject](#document_Document-toObject) behavior when called manually - defaults to true
+ * - [read](/docs/guide.html#read): string
+ * - [writeConcern](/docs/guide.html#writeConcern): object - defaults to null, use to override [the MongoDB server's default write concern settings](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/)
+ * - [shardKey](/docs/guide.html#shardKey): object - defaults to `null`
+ * - [strict](/docs/guide.html#strict): bool - defaults to true
+ * - [strictQuery](/docs/guide.html#strictQuery): bool - defaults to false
+ * - [toJSON](/docs/guide.html#toJSON) - object - no default
+ * - [toObject](/docs/guide.html#toObject) - object - no default
+ * - [typeKey](/docs/guide.html#typeKey) - string - defaults to 'type'
+ * - [typePojoToMixed](/docs/guide.html#typePojoToMixed) - boolean - defaults to true. Determines whether a type set to a POJO becomes a Mixed path or a Subdocument
+ * - [useNestedStrict](/docs/guide.html#useNestedStrict) - boolean - defaults to false
+ * - [validateBeforeSave](/docs/guide.html#validateBeforeSave) - bool - defaults to `true`
+ * - [versionKey](/docs/guide.html#versionKey): string or object - defaults to "__v"
+ * - [optimisticConcurrency](/docs/guide.html#optimisticConcurrency): bool - defaults to false. Set to true to enable [optimistic concurrency](https://thecodebarbarian.com/whats-new-in-mongoose-5-10-optimistic-concurrency.html).
+ * - [collation](/docs/guide.html#collation): object - defaults to null (which means use no collation)
+ * - [selectPopulatedPaths](/docs/guide.html#selectPopulatedPaths): boolean - defaults to `true`
+ * - [skipVersioning](/docs/guide.html#skipVersioning): object - paths to exclude from versioning
+ * - [timestamps](/docs/guide.html#timestamps): object or boolean - defaults to `false`. If true, Mongoose adds `createdAt` and `updatedAt` properties to your schema and manages those properties for you.
+ * - [storeSubdocValidationError](/docs/guide.html#storeSubdocValidationError): boolean - Defaults to true. If false, Mongoose will wrap validation errors in single nested document subpaths into a single validation error on the single nested subdoc's path.
+ *
+ * ####Options for Nested Schemas:
+ * - `excludeIndexes`: bool - defaults to `false`. If `true`, skip building indexes on this schema's paths.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * _When nesting schemas, (`children` in the example above), always declare the child schema first before passing it into its parent._
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Schema|Array} [definition] Can be one of: object describing schema paths, or schema to copy, or array of objects and schemas
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @inherits NodeJS EventEmitter http://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_events_eventemitter
+ * @event `init`: Emitted after the schema is compiled into a `Model`.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Schema(obj, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Schema)) {
+    return new Schema(obj, options);
+  }
+
+  this.obj = obj;
+  this.paths = {};
+  this.aliases = {};
+  this.subpaths = {};
+  this.virtuals = {};
+  this.singleNestedPaths = {};
+  this.nested = {};
+  this.inherits = {};
+  this.callQueue = [];
+  this._indexes = [];
+  this.methods = {};
+  this.methodOptions = {};
+  this.statics = {};
+  this.tree = {};
+  this.query = {};
+  this.childSchemas = [];
+  this.plugins = [];
+  // For internal debugging. Do not use this to try to save a schema in MDB.
+  this.$id = ++id;
+  this.mapPaths = [];
+
+  this.s = {
+    hooks: new Kareem()
+  };
+
+  this.options = this.defaultOptions(options);
+
+  // build paths
+  if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+    for (const definition of obj) {
+      this.add(definition);
+    }
+  } else if (obj) {
+    this.add(obj);
+  }
+
+  // check if _id's value is a subdocument (gh-2276)
+  const _idSubDoc = obj && obj._id && utils.isObject(obj._id);
+
+  // ensure the documents get an auto _id unless disabled
+  const auto_id = !this.paths['_id'] &&
+      (!this.options.noId && this.options._id) && !_idSubDoc;
+
+  if (auto_id) {
+    addAutoId(this);
+  }
+
+  this.setupTimestamp(this.options.timestamps);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Create virtual properties with alias field
+ */
+function aliasFields(schema, paths) {
+  paths = paths || Object.keys(schema.paths);
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    const options = get(schema.paths[path], 'options');
+    if (options == null) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const prop = schema.paths[path].path;
+    const alias = options.alias;
+
+    if (!alias) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof alias !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error('Invalid value for alias option on ' + prop + ', got ' + alias);
+    }
+
+    schema.aliases[alias] = prop;
+
+    schema.
+      virtual(alias).
+      get((function(p) {
+        return function() {
+          if (typeof this.get === 'function') {
+            return this.get(p);
+          }
+          return this[p];
+        };
+      })(prop)).
+      set((function(p) {
+        return function(v) {
+          return this.$set(p, v);
+        };
+      })(prop));
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Inherit from EventEmitter.
+ */
+Schema.prototype = Object.create(EventEmitter.prototype);
+Schema.prototype.constructor = Schema;
+Schema.prototype.instanceOfSchema = true;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Schema.prototype, '$schemaType', {
+  configurable: false,
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * Array of child schemas (from document arrays and single nested subdocs)
+ * and their corresponding compiled models. Each element of the array is
+ * an object with 2 properties: `schema` and `model`.
+ *
+ * This property is typically only useful for plugin authors and advanced users.
+ * You do not need to interact with this property at all to use mongoose.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property childSchemas
+ * @memberOf Schema
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Schema.prototype, 'childSchemas', {
+  configurable: false,
+  enumerable: true,
+  writable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * The original object passed to the schema constructor
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ a: String }).add({ b: String });
+ *     schema.obj; // { a: String }
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property obj
+ * @memberOf Schema
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.obj;
+
+/**
+ * The paths defined on this schema. The keys are the top-level paths
+ * in this schema, and the values are instances of the SchemaType class.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String }, { _id: false });
+ *     schema.paths; // { name: SchemaString { ... } }
+ *
+ *     schema.add({ age: Number });
+ *     schema.paths; // { name: SchemaString { ... }, age: SchemaNumber { ... } }
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property paths
+ * @memberOf Schema
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.paths;
+
+/**
+ * Schema as a tree
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     {
+ *         '_id'     : ObjectId
+ *       , 'nested'  : {
+ *             'key' : String
+ *         }
+ *     }
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @property tree
+ * @memberOf Schema
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.tree;
+
+/**
+ * Returns a deep copy of the schema
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     const clone = schema.clone();
+ *     clone === schema; // false
+ *     clone.path('name'); // SchemaString { ... }
+ *
+ * @return {Schema} the cloned schema
+ * @api public
+ * @memberOf Schema
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const Constructor = this.base == null ? Schema : this.base.Schema;
+
+  const s = new Constructor({}, this._userProvidedOptions);
+  s.base = this.base;
+  s.obj = this.obj;
+  s.options = utils.clone(this.options);
+  s.callQueue = this.callQueue.map(function(f) { return f; });
+  s.methods = utils.clone(this.methods);
+  s.methodOptions = utils.clone(this.methodOptions);
+  s.statics = utils.clone(this.statics);
+  s.query = utils.clone(this.query);
+  s.plugins = Array.prototype.slice.call(this.plugins);
+  s._indexes = utils.clone(this._indexes);
+  s.s.hooks = this.s.hooks.clone();
+
+  s.tree = utils.clone(this.tree);
+  s.paths = utils.clone(this.paths);
+  s.nested = utils.clone(this.nested);
+  s.subpaths = utils.clone(this.subpaths);
+  s.singleNestedPaths = utils.clone(this.singleNestedPaths);
+  s.childSchemas = gatherChildSchemas(s);
+
+  s.virtuals = utils.clone(this.virtuals);
+  s.$globalPluginsApplied = this.$globalPluginsApplied;
+  s.$isRootDiscriminator = this.$isRootDiscriminator;
+  s.$implicitlyCreated = this.$implicitlyCreated;
+  s.mapPaths = [].concat(this.mapPaths);
+
+  if (this.discriminatorMapping != null) {
+    s.discriminatorMapping = Object.assign({}, this.discriminatorMapping);
+  }
+  if (this.discriminators != null) {
+    s.discriminators = Object.assign({}, this.discriminators);
+  }
+
+  s.aliases = Object.assign({}, this.aliases);
+
+  // Bubble up `init` for backwards compat
+  s.on('init', v => this.emit('init', v));
+
+  return s;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a new schema that has the picked `paths` from this schema.
+ *
+ * This method is analagous to [Lodash's `pick()` function](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.15#pick) for Mongoose schemas.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = Schema({ name: String, age: Number });
+ *     // Creates a new schema with the same `name` path as `schema`,
+ *     // but no `age` path.
+ *     const newSchema = schema.pick(['name']);
+ *
+ *     newSchema.path('name'); // SchemaString { ... }
+ *     newSchema.path('age'); // undefined
+ *
+ * @param {Array} paths list of paths to pick
+ * @param {Object} [options] options to pass to the schema constructor. Defaults to `this.options` if not set.
+ * @return {Schema}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.pick = function(paths, options) {
+  const newSchema = new Schema({}, options || this.options);
+  if (!Array.isArray(paths)) {
+    throw new MongooseError('Schema#pick() only accepts an array argument, ' +
+      'got "' + typeof paths + '"');
+  }
+
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    if (this.nested[path]) {
+      newSchema.add({ [path]: get(this.tree, path) });
+    } else {
+      const schematype = this.path(path);
+      if (schematype == null) {
+        throw new MongooseError('Path `' + path + '` is not in the schema');
+      }
+      newSchema.add({ [path]: schematype });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return newSchema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns default options for this schema, merged with `options`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.defaultOptions = function(options) {
+  if (options && options.safe === false) {
+    options.safe = { w: 0 };
+  }
+
+  if (options && options.safe && options.safe.w === 0) {
+    // if you turn off safe writes, then versioning goes off as well
+    options.versionKey = false;
+  }
+
+  this._userProvidedOptions = options == null ? {} : utils.clone(options);
+
+  const baseOptions = get(this, 'base.options', {});
+  options = utils.options({
+    strict: 'strict' in baseOptions ? baseOptions.strict : true,
+    strictQuery: 'strictQuery' in baseOptions ? baseOptions.strictQuery : false,
+    bufferCommands: true,
+    capped: false, // { size, max, autoIndexId }
+    versionKey: '__v',
+    optimisticConcurrency: false,
+    discriminatorKey: '__t',
+    minimize: true,
+    autoIndex: null,
+    shardKey: null,
+    read: null,
+    validateBeforeSave: true,
+    // the following are only applied at construction time
+    noId: false, // deprecated, use { _id: false }
+    _id: true,
+    noVirtualId: false, // deprecated, use { id: false }
+    id: true,
+    typeKey: 'type',
+    typePojoToMixed: 'typePojoToMixed' in baseOptions ? baseOptions.typePojoToMixed : true
+  }, utils.clone(options));
+
+  if (options.read) {
+    options.read = readPref(options.read);
+  }
+
+  if (options.optimisticConcurrency && !options.versionKey) {
+    throw new MongooseError('Must set `versionKey` if using `optimisticConcurrency`');
+  }
+
+  return options;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds key path / schema type pairs to this schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const ToySchema = new Schema();
+ *     ToySchema.add({ name: 'string', color: 'string', price: 'number' });
+ *
+ *     const TurboManSchema = new Schema();
+ *     // You can also `add()` another schema and copy over all paths, virtuals,
+ *     // getters, setters, indexes, methods, and statics.
+ *     TurboManSchema.add(ToySchema).add({ year: Number });
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Schema} obj plain object with paths to add, or another schema
+ * @param {String} [prefix] path to prefix the newly added paths with
+ * @return {Schema} the Schema instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.add = function add(obj, prefix) {
+  if (obj instanceof Schema || (obj != null && obj.instanceOfSchema)) {
+    merge(this, obj);
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Special case: setting top-level `_id` to false should convert to disabling
+  // the `_id` option. This behavior never worked before 5.4.11 but numerous
+  // codebases use it (see gh-7516, gh-7512).
+  if (obj._id === false && prefix == null) {
+    this.options._id = false;
+  }
+
+  prefix = prefix || '';
+  // avoid prototype pollution
+  if (prefix === '__proto__.' || prefix === 'constructor.' || prefix === 'prototype.') {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(obj);
+
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    const fullPath = prefix + key;
+
+    if (obj[key] == null) {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid value for schema path `' + fullPath +
+        '`, got value "' + obj[key] + '"');
+    }
+    // Retain `_id: false` but don't set it as a path, re: gh-8274.
+    if (key === '_id' && obj[key] === false) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (obj[key] instanceof VirtualType || get(obj[key], 'constructor.name', null) === 'VirtualType') {
+      this.virtual(obj[key]);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(obj[key]) && obj[key].length === 1 && obj[key][0] == null) {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid value for schema Array path `' + fullPath +
+        '`, got value "' + obj[key][0] + '"');
+    }
+
+    if (!(utils.isPOJO(obj[key]) || obj[key] instanceof SchemaTypeOptions)) {
+      // Special-case: Non-options definitely a path so leaf at this node
+      // Examples: Schema instances, SchemaType instances
+      if (prefix) {
+        this.nested[prefix.substr(0, prefix.length - 1)] = true;
+      }
+      this.path(prefix + key, obj[key]);
+    } else if (Object.keys(obj[key]).length < 1) {
+      // Special-case: {} always interpreted as Mixed path so leaf at this node
+      if (prefix) {
+        this.nested[prefix.substr(0, prefix.length - 1)] = true;
+      }
+      this.path(fullPath, obj[key]); // mixed type
+    } else if (!obj[key][this.options.typeKey] || (this.options.typeKey === 'type' && obj[key].type.type)) {
+      // Special-case: POJO with no bona-fide type key - interpret as tree of deep paths so recurse
+      // nested object { last: { name: String }}
+      this.nested[fullPath] = true;
+      this.add(obj[key], fullPath + '.');
+    } else {
+      // There IS a bona-fide type key that may also be a POJO
+      if (!this.options.typePojoToMixed && utils.isPOJO(obj[key][this.options.typeKey])) {
+        // If a POJO is the value of a type key, make it a subdocument
+        if (prefix) {
+          this.nested[prefix.substr(0, prefix.length - 1)] = true;
+        }
+        // Propage `typePojoToMixed` to implicitly created schemas
+        const opts = { typePojoToMixed: false };
+        const _schema = new Schema(obj[key][this.options.typeKey], opts);
+        const schemaWrappedPath = Object.assign({}, obj[key], { [this.options.typeKey]: _schema });
+        this.path(prefix + key, schemaWrappedPath);
+      } else {
+        // Either the type is non-POJO or we interpret it as Mixed anyway
+        if (prefix) {
+          this.nested[prefix.substr(0, prefix.length - 1)] = true;
+        }
+        this.path(prefix + key, obj[key]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const addedKeys = Object.keys(obj).
+    map(key => prefix ? prefix + key : key);
+  aliasFields(this, addedKeys);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reserved document keys.
+ *
+ * Keys in this object are names that are rejected in schema declarations
+ * because they conflict with Mongoose functionality. If you create a schema
+ * using `new Schema()` with one of these property names, Mongoose will throw
+ * an error.
+ *
+ * - _posts
+ * - _pres
+ * - collection
+ * - emit
+ * - errors
+ * - get
+ * - init
+ * - isModified
+ * - isNew
+ * - listeners
+ * - modelName
+ * - on
+ * - once
+ * - populated
+ * - prototype
+ * - remove
+ * - removeListener
+ * - save
+ * - schema
+ * - toObject
+ * - validate
+ *
+ * _NOTE:_ Use of these terms as method names is permitted, but play at your own risk, as they may be existing mongoose document methods you are stomping on.
+ *
+ *      const schema = new Schema(..);
+ *      schema.methods.init = function () {} // potentially breaking
+ */
+
+Schema.reserved = Object.create(null);
+Schema.prototype.reserved = Schema.reserved;
+const reserved = Schema.reserved;
+// Core object
+reserved['prototype'] =
+// EventEmitter
+reserved.emit =
+reserved.listeners =
+reserved.on =
+reserved.removeListener =
+// document properties and functions
+reserved.collection =
+reserved.errors =
+reserved.get =
+reserved.init =
+reserved.isModified =
+reserved.isNew =
+reserved.populated =
+reserved.remove =
+reserved.save =
+reserved.toObject =
+reserved.validate = 1;
+
+/**
+ * Gets/sets schema paths.
+ *
+ * Sets a path (if arity 2)
+ * Gets a path (if arity 1)
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     schema.path('name') // returns a SchemaType
+ *     schema.path('name', Number) // changes the schemaType of `name` to Number
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} constructor
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.path = function(path, obj) {
+  // Convert to '.$' to check subpaths re: gh-6405
+  const cleanPath = _pathToPositionalSyntax(path);
+  if (obj === undefined) {
+    let schematype = _getPath(this, path, cleanPath);
+    if (schematype != null) {
+      return schematype;
+    }
+
+    // Look for maps
+    const mapPath = getMapPath(this, path);
+    if (mapPath != null) {
+      return mapPath;
+    }
+
+    // Look if a parent of this path is mixed
+    schematype = this.hasMixedParent(cleanPath);
+    if (schematype != null) {
+      return schematype;
+    }
+
+    // subpaths?
+    return /\.\d+\.?.*$/.test(path)
+      ? getPositionalPath(this, path)
+      : undefined;
+  }
+
+  // some path names conflict with document methods
+  const firstPieceOfPath = path.split('.')[0];
+  if (reserved[firstPieceOfPath]) {
+    throw new Error('`' + firstPieceOfPath + '` may not be used as a schema pathname');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof obj === 'object' && utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(obj, 'ref')) {
+    validateRef(obj.ref, path);
+  }
+
+  // update the tree
+  const subpaths = path.split(/\./);
+  const last = subpaths.pop();
+  let branch = this.tree;
+  let fullPath = '';
+
+  for (const sub of subpaths) {
+    fullPath = fullPath += (fullPath.length > 0 ? '.' : '') + sub;
+    if (!branch[sub]) {
+      this.nested[fullPath] = true;
+      branch[sub] = {};
+    }
+    if (typeof branch[sub] !== 'object') {
+      const msg = 'Cannot set nested path `' + path + '`. '
+          + 'Parent path `'
+          + fullPath
+          + '` already set to type ' + branch[sub].name
+          + '.';
+      throw new Error(msg);
+    }
+    branch = branch[sub];
+  }
+
+  branch[last] = utils.clone(obj);
+
+  this.paths[path] = this.interpretAsType(path, obj, this.options);
+  const schemaType = this.paths[path];
+
+  if (schemaType.$isSchemaMap) {
+    // Maps can have arbitrary keys, so `$*` is internal shorthand for "any key"
+    // The '$' is to imply this path should never be stored in MongoDB so we
+    // can easily build a regexp out of this path, and '*' to imply "any key."
+    const mapPath = path + '.$*';
+    let _mapType = { type: {} };
+    if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(obj, 'of')) {
+      const isInlineSchema = utils.isPOJO(obj.of) &&
+        Object.keys(obj.of).length > 0 &&
+        !utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(obj.of, this.options.typeKey);
+      _mapType = isInlineSchema ? new Schema(obj.of) : obj.of;
+    }
+    if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(obj, 'ref')) {
+      _mapType = { type: _mapType, ref: obj.ref };
+    }
+
+    this.paths[mapPath] = this.interpretAsType(mapPath,
+      _mapType, this.options);
+    this.mapPaths.push(this.paths[mapPath]);
+    schemaType.$__schemaType = this.paths[mapPath];
+  }
+
+  if (schemaType.$isSingleNested) {
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.paths)) {
+      this.singleNestedPaths[path + '.' + key] = schemaType.schema.paths[key];
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.singleNestedPaths)) {
+      this.singleNestedPaths[path + '.' + key] =
+        schemaType.schema.singleNestedPaths[key];
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.subpaths)) {
+      this.singleNestedPaths[path + '.' + key] =
+        schemaType.schema.subpaths[key];
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.nested)) {
+      this.singleNestedPaths[path + '.' + key] = 'nested';
+    }
+
+    Object.defineProperty(schemaType.schema, 'base', {
+      configurable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      writable: false,
+      value: this.base
+    });
+
+    schemaType.caster.base = this.base;
+    this.childSchemas.push({
+      schema: schemaType.schema,
+      model: schemaType.caster
+    });
+  } else if (schemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+    Object.defineProperty(schemaType.schema, 'base', {
+      configurable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      writable: false,
+      value: this.base
+    });
+
+    schemaType.casterConstructor.base = this.base;
+    this.childSchemas.push({
+      schema: schemaType.schema,
+      model: schemaType.casterConstructor
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (schemaType.$isMongooseArray && schemaType.caster instanceof SchemaType) {
+    let arrayPath = path;
+    let _schemaType = schemaType;
+
+    const toAdd = [];
+    while (_schemaType.$isMongooseArray) {
+      arrayPath = arrayPath + '.$';
+
+      // Skip arrays of document arrays
+      if (_schemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        _schemaType.$embeddedSchemaType._arrayPath = arrayPath;
+        _schemaType.$embeddedSchemaType._arrayParentPath = path;
+        _schemaType = _schemaType.$embeddedSchemaType.clone();
+      } else {
+        _schemaType.caster._arrayPath = arrayPath;
+        _schemaType.caster._arrayParentPath = path;
+        _schemaType = _schemaType.caster.clone();
+      }
+
+      _schemaType.path = arrayPath;
+      toAdd.push(_schemaType);
+    }
+
+    for (const _schemaType of toAdd) {
+      this.subpaths[_schemaType.path] = _schemaType;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (schemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.paths)) {
+      const _schemaType = schemaType.schema.paths[key];
+      this.subpaths[path + '.' + key] = _schemaType;
+      if (typeof _schemaType === 'object' && _schemaType != null) {
+        _schemaType.$isUnderneathDocArray = true;
+      }
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.subpaths)) {
+      const _schemaType = schemaType.schema.subpaths[key];
+      this.subpaths[path + '.' + key] = _schemaType;
+      if (typeof _schemaType === 'object' && _schemaType != null) {
+        _schemaType.$isUnderneathDocArray = true;
+      }
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(schemaType.schema.singleNestedPaths)) {
+      const _schemaType = schemaType.schema.singleNestedPaths[key];
+      this.subpaths[path + '.' + key] = _schemaType;
+      if (typeof _schemaType === 'object' && _schemaType != null) {
+        _schemaType.$isUnderneathDocArray = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function gatherChildSchemas(schema) {
+  const childSchemas = [];
+
+  for (const path of Object.keys(schema.paths)) {
+    const schematype = schema.paths[path];
+    if (schematype.$isMongooseDocumentArray || schematype.$isSingleNested) {
+      childSchemas.push({ schema: schematype.schema, model: schematype.caster });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return childSchemas;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _getPath(schema, path, cleanPath) {
+  if (schema.paths.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return schema.paths[path];
+  }
+  if (schema.subpaths.hasOwnProperty(cleanPath)) {
+    return schema.subpaths[cleanPath];
+  }
+  if (schema.singleNestedPaths.hasOwnProperty(cleanPath) && typeof schema.singleNestedPaths[cleanPath] === 'object') {
+    return schema.singleNestedPaths[cleanPath];
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _pathToPositionalSyntax(path) {
+  if (!/\.\d+/.test(path)) {
+    return path;
+  }
+  return path.replace(/\.\d+\./g, '.$.').replace(/\.\d+$/, '.$');
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function getMapPath(schema, path) {
+  if (schema.mapPaths.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  for (const val of schema.mapPaths) {
+    const _path = val.path;
+    const re = new RegExp('^' + _path.replace(/\.\$\*/g, '\\.[^.]+') + '$');
+    if (re.test(path)) {
+      return schema.paths[_path];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Mongoose instance this schema is associated with
+ *
+ * @property base
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(Schema.prototype, 'base', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true,
+  value: null
+});
+
+/**
+ * Converts type arguments into Mongoose Types.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} obj constructor
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.interpretAsType = function(path, obj, options) {
+  if (obj instanceof SchemaType) {
+    if (obj.path === path) {
+      return obj;
+    }
+    const clone = obj.clone();
+    clone.path = path;
+    return clone;
+  }
+
+  // If this schema has an associated Mongoose object, use the Mongoose object's
+  // copy of SchemaTypes re: gh-7158 gh-6933
+  const MongooseTypes = this.base != null ? this.base.Schema.Types : Schema.Types;
+
+  if (!utils.isPOJO(obj) && !(obj instanceof SchemaTypeOptions)) {
+    const constructorName = utils.getFunctionName(obj.constructor);
+    if (constructorName !== 'Object') {
+      const oldObj = obj;
+      obj = {};
+      obj[options.typeKey] = oldObj;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get the type making sure to allow keys named "type"
+  // and default to mixed if not specified.
+  // { type: { type: String, default: 'freshcut' } }
+  let type = obj[options.typeKey] && (options.typeKey !== 'type' || !obj.type.type)
+    ? obj[options.typeKey]
+    : {};
+  let name;
+
+  if (utils.isPOJO(type) || type === 'mixed') {
+    return new MongooseTypes.Mixed(path, obj);
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(type) || type === Array || type === 'array' || type === MongooseTypes.Array) {
+    // if it was specified through { type } look for `cast`
+    let cast = (type === Array || type === 'array')
+      ? obj.cast || obj.of
+      : type[0];
+
+    if (cast && cast.instanceOfSchema) {
+      return new MongooseTypes.DocumentArray(path, cast, obj);
+    }
+    if (cast &&
+        cast[options.typeKey] &&
+        cast[options.typeKey].instanceOfSchema) {
+      return new MongooseTypes.DocumentArray(path, cast[options.typeKey], obj, cast);
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(cast)) {
+      return new MongooseTypes.Array(path, this.interpretAsType(path, cast, options), obj);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof cast === 'string') {
+      cast = MongooseTypes[cast.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + cast.substring(1)];
+    } else if (cast && (!cast[options.typeKey] || (options.typeKey === 'type' && cast.type.type))
+        && utils.isPOJO(cast)) {
+      if (Object.keys(cast).length) {
+        // The `minimize` and `typeKey` options propagate to child schemas
+        // declared inline, like `{ arr: [{ val: { $type: String } }] }`.
+        // See gh-3560
+        const childSchemaOptions = { minimize: options.minimize };
+        if (options.typeKey) {
+          childSchemaOptions.typeKey = options.typeKey;
+        }
+        // propagate 'strict' option to child schema
+        if (options.hasOwnProperty('strict')) {
+          childSchemaOptions.strict = options.strict;
+        }
+        if (options.hasOwnProperty('typePojoToMixed')) {
+          childSchemaOptions.typePojoToMixed = options.typePojoToMixed;
+        }
+
+        if (this._userProvidedOptions.hasOwnProperty('_id')) {
+          childSchemaOptions._id = this._userProvidedOptions._id;
+        } else if (Schema.Types.DocumentArray.defaultOptions &&
+            Schema.Types.DocumentArray.defaultOptions._id != null) {
+          childSchemaOptions._id = Schema.Types.DocumentArray.defaultOptions._id;
+        }
+
+        const childSchema = new Schema(cast, childSchemaOptions);
+        childSchema.$implicitlyCreated = true;
+        return new MongooseTypes.DocumentArray(path, childSchema, obj);
+      } else {
+        // Special case: empty object becomes mixed
+        return new MongooseTypes.Array(path, MongooseTypes.Mixed, obj);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (cast) {
+      type = cast[options.typeKey] && (options.typeKey !== 'type' || !cast.type.type)
+        ? cast[options.typeKey]
+        : cast;
+
+      name = typeof type === 'string'
+        ? type
+        : type.schemaName || utils.getFunctionName(type);
+
+      // For Jest 26+, see #10296
+      if (name === 'ClockDate') {
+        name = 'Date';
+      }
+
+      if (!MongooseTypes.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        throw new TypeError('Invalid schema configuration: ' +
+          `\`${name}\` is not a valid type within the array \`${path}\`.` +
+          'See http://bit.ly/mongoose-schematypes for a list of valid schema types.');
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new MongooseTypes.Array(path, cast || MongooseTypes.Mixed, obj, options);
+  }
+
+  if (type && type.instanceOfSchema) {
+    return new MongooseTypes.Embedded(type, path, obj);
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(type)) {
+    name = 'Buffer';
+  } else if (typeof type === 'function' || typeof type === 'object') {
+    name = type.schemaName || utils.getFunctionName(type);
+  } else {
+    name = type == null ? '' + type : type.toString();
+  }
+
+  if (name) {
+    name = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
+  }
+  // Special case re: gh-7049 because the bson `ObjectID` class' capitalization
+  // doesn't line up with Mongoose's.
+  if (name === 'ObjectID') {
+    name = 'ObjectId';
+  }
+  // For Jest 26+, see #10296
+  if (name === 'ClockDate') {
+    name = 'Date';
+  }
+
+  if (MongooseTypes[name] == null) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Invalid schema configuration: \`${name}\` is not ` +
+      `a valid type at path \`${path}\`. See ` +
+      'http://bit.ly/mongoose-schematypes for a list of valid schema types.');
+  }
+
+  return new MongooseTypes[name](path, obj);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Iterates the schemas paths similar to Array#forEach.
+ *
+ * The callback is passed the pathname and the schemaType instance.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const userSchema = new Schema({ name: String, registeredAt: Date });
+ *     userSchema.eachPath((pathname, schematype) => {
+ *       // Prints twice:
+ *       // name SchemaString { ... }
+ *       // registeredAt SchemaDate { ... }
+ *       console.log(pathname, schematype);
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn callback function
+ * @return {Schema} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.eachPath = function(fn) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(this.paths);
+  const len = keys.length;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    fn(keys[i], this.paths[keys[i]]);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns an Array of path strings that are required by this schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const s = new Schema({
+ *       name: { type: String, required: true },
+ *       age: { type: String, required: true },
+ *       notes: String
+ *     });
+ *     s.requiredPaths(); // [ 'age', 'name' ]
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @param {Boolean} invalidate refresh the cache
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.requiredPaths = function requiredPaths(invalidate) {
+  if (this._requiredpaths && !invalidate) {
+    return this._requiredpaths;
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(this.paths);
+  let i = paths.length;
+  const ret = [];
+
+  while (i--) {
+    const path = paths[i];
+    if (this.paths[path].isRequired) {
+      ret.push(path);
+    }
+  }
+  this._requiredpaths = ret;
+  return this._requiredpaths;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns indexes from fields and schema-level indexes (cached).
+ *
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Array}
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.indexedPaths = function indexedPaths() {
+  if (this._indexedpaths) {
+    return this._indexedpaths;
+  }
+  this._indexedpaths = this.indexes();
+  return this._indexedpaths;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the pathType of `path` for this schema.
+ *
+ * Given a path, returns whether it is a real, virtual, nested, or ad-hoc/undefined path.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: String, nested: { foo: String } });
+ *     s.virtual('foo').get(() => 42);
+ *     s.pathType('name'); // "real"
+ *     s.pathType('nested'); // "nested"
+ *     s.pathType('foo'); // "virtual"
+ *     s.pathType('fail'); // "adhocOrUndefined"
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.pathType = function(path) {
+  // Convert to '.$' to check subpaths re: gh-6405
+  const cleanPath = _pathToPositionalSyntax(path);
+
+  if (this.paths.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return 'real';
+  }
+  if (this.virtuals.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return 'virtual';
+  }
+  if (this.nested.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return 'nested';
+  }
+  if (this.subpaths.hasOwnProperty(cleanPath) || this.subpaths.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return 'real';
+  }
+
+  const singleNestedPath = this.singleNestedPaths.hasOwnProperty(cleanPath) || this.singleNestedPaths.hasOwnProperty(path);
+  if (singleNestedPath) {
+    return singleNestedPath === 'nested' ? 'nested' : 'real';
+  }
+
+  // Look for maps
+  const mapPath = getMapPath(this, path);
+  if (mapPath != null) {
+    return 'real';
+  }
+
+  if (/\.\d+\.|\.\d+$/.test(path)) {
+    return getPositionalPathType(this, path);
+  }
+  return 'adhocOrUndefined';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true iff this path is a child of a mixed schema.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.hasMixedParent = function(path) {
+  const subpaths = path.split(/\./g);
+  path = '';
+  for (let i = 0; i < subpaths.length; ++i) {
+    path = i > 0 ? path + '.' + subpaths[i] : subpaths[i];
+    if (this.paths.hasOwnProperty(path) &&
+        this.paths[path] instanceof MongooseTypes.Mixed) {
+      return this.paths[path];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Setup updatedAt and createdAt timestamps to documents if enabled
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean|Object} timestamps timestamps options
+ * @api private
+ */
+Schema.prototype.setupTimestamp = function(timestamps) {
+  return setupTimestamps(this, timestamps);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore. Deprecated re: #6405
+ */
+
+function getPositionalPathType(self, path) {
+  const subpaths = path.split(/\.(\d+)\.|\.(\d+)$/).filter(Boolean);
+  if (subpaths.length < 2) {
+    return self.paths.hasOwnProperty(subpaths[0]) ?
+      self.paths[subpaths[0]] :
+      'adhocOrUndefined';
+  }
+
+  let val = self.path(subpaths[0]);
+  let isNested = false;
+  if (!val) {
+    return 'adhocOrUndefined';
+  }
+
+  const last = subpaths.length - 1;
+
+  for (let i = 1; i < subpaths.length; ++i) {
+    isNested = false;
+    const subpath = subpaths[i];
+
+    if (i === last && val && !/\D/.test(subpath)) {
+      if (val.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+        val = val.$embeddedSchemaType;
+      } else if (val instanceof MongooseTypes.Array) {
+        // StringSchema, NumberSchema, etc
+        val = val.caster;
+      } else {
+        val = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // ignore if its just a position segment: path.0.subpath
+    if (!/\D/.test(subpath)) {
+      // Nested array
+      if (val instanceof MongooseTypes.Array && i !== last) {
+        val = val.caster;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!(val && val.schema)) {
+      val = undefined;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    const type = val.schema.pathType(subpath);
+    isNested = (type === 'nested');
+    val = val.schema.path(subpath);
+  }
+
+  self.subpaths[path] = val;
+  if (val) {
+    return 'real';
+  }
+  if (isNested) {
+    return 'nested';
+  }
+  return 'adhocOrUndefined';
+}
+
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function getPositionalPath(self, path) {
+  getPositionalPathType(self, path);
+  return self.subpaths[path];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a method call to the queue.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     schema.methods.print = function() { console.log(this); };
+ *     schema.queue('print', []); // Print the doc every one is instantiated
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *     new Model({ name: 'test' }); // Prints '{"_id": ..., "name": "test" }'
+ *
+ * @param {String} name name of the document method to call later
+ * @param {Array} args arguments to pass to the method
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.queue = function(name, args) {
+  this.callQueue.push([name, args]);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines a pre hook for the model.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const toySchema = new Schema({ name: String, created: Date });
+ *
+ *     toySchema.pre('save', function(next) {
+ *       if (!this.created) this.created = new Date;
+ *       next();
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     toySchema.pre('validate', function(next) {
+ *       if (this.name !== 'Woody') this.name = 'Woody';
+ *       next();
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Equivalent to calling `pre()` on `find`, `findOne`, `findOneAndUpdate`.
+ *     toySchema.pre(/^find/, function(next) {
+ *       console.log(this.getFilter());
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Equivalent to calling `pre()` on `updateOne`, `findOneAndUpdate`.
+ *     toySchema.pre(['updateOne', 'findOneAndUpdate'], function(next) {
+ *       console.log(this.getFilter());
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     toySchema.pre('deleteOne', function() {
+ *       // Runs when you call `Toy.deleteOne()`
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     toySchema.pre('deleteOne', { document: true }, function() {
+ *       // Runs when you call `doc.deleteOne()`
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {String|RegExp} The method name or regular expression to match method name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.document] If `name` is a hook for both document and query middleware, set to `true` to run on document middleware. For example, set `options.document` to `true` to apply this hook to `Document#deleteOne()` rather than `Query#deleteOne()`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.query] If `name` is a hook for both document and query middleware, set to `true` to run on query middleware.
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.pre = function(name) {
+  if (name instanceof RegExp) {
+    const remainingArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    for (const fn of hookNames) {
+      if (name.test(fn)) {
+        this.pre.apply(this, [fn].concat(remainingArgs));
+      }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(name)) {
+    const remainingArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    for (const el of name) {
+      this.pre.apply(this, [el].concat(remainingArgs));
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  this.s.hooks.pre.apply(this.s.hooks, arguments);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines a post hook for the document
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema(..);
+ *     schema.post('save', function (doc) {
+ *       console.log('this fired after a document was saved');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     schema.post('find', function(docs) {
+ *       console.log('this fired after you ran a find query');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     schema.post(/Many$/, function(res) {
+ *       console.log('this fired after you ran `updateMany()` or `deleteMany()`);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Model', schema);
+ *
+ *     const m = new Model(..);
+ *     m.save(function(err) {
+ *       console.log('this fires after the `post` hook');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     m.find(function(err, docs) {
+ *       console.log('this fires after the post find hook');
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {String|RegExp} The method name or regular expression to match method name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.document] If `name` is a hook for both document and query middleware, set to `true` to run on document middleware.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.query] If `name` is a hook for both document and query middleware, set to `true` to run on query middleware.
+ * @param {Function} fn callback
+ * @see middleware http://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html
+ * @see kareem http://npmjs.org/package/kareem
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.post = function(name) {
+  if (name instanceof RegExp) {
+    const remainingArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    for (const fn of hookNames) {
+      if (name.test(fn)) {
+        this.post.apply(this, [fn].concat(remainingArgs));
+      }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(name)) {
+    const remainingArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    for (const el of name) {
+      this.post.apply(this, [el].concat(remainingArgs));
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  this.s.hooks.post.apply(this.s.hooks, arguments);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Registers a plugin for this schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     s.plugin(schema => console.log(schema.path('name').path));
+ *     mongoose.model('Test', s); // Prints 'name'
+ *
+ * @param {Function} plugin callback
+ * @param {Object} [opts]
+ * @see plugins
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.plugin = function(fn, opts) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('First param to `schema.plugin()` must be a function, ' +
+      'got "' + (typeof fn) + '"');
+  }
+
+  if (opts && opts.deduplicate) {
+    for (const plugin of this.plugins) {
+      if (plugin.fn === fn) {
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this.plugins.push({ fn: fn, opts: opts });
+
+  fn(this, opts);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds an instance method to documents constructed from Models compiled from this schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const schema = kittySchema = new Schema(..);
+ *
+ *     schema.method('meow', function () {
+ *       console.log('meeeeeoooooooooooow');
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     const Kitty = mongoose.model('Kitty', schema);
+ *
+ *     const fizz = new Kitty;
+ *     fizz.meow(); // meeeeeooooooooooooow
+ *
+ * If a hash of name/fn pairs is passed as the only argument, each name/fn pair will be added as methods.
+ *
+ *     schema.method({
+ *         purr: function () {}
+ *       , scratch: function () {}
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // later
+ *     fizz.purr();
+ *     fizz.scratch();
+ *
+ * NOTE: `Schema.method()` adds instance methods to the `Schema.methods` object. You can also add instance methods directly to the `Schema.methods` object as seen in the [guide](/docs/guide.html#methods)
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} method name
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.method = function(name, fn, options) {
+  if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+    for (const i in name) {
+      this.methods[i] = name[i];
+      this.methodOptions[i] = utils.clone(options);
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.methods[name] = fn;
+    this.methodOptions[name] = utils.clone(options);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds static "class" methods to Models compiled from this schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema(..);
+ *     // Equivalent to `schema.statics.findByName = function(name) {}`;
+ *     schema.static('findByName', function(name) {
+ *       return this.find({ name: name });
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     const Drink = mongoose.model('Drink', schema);
+ *     await Drink.findByName('LaCroix');
+ *
+ * If a hash of name/fn pairs is passed as the only argument, each name/fn pair will be added as statics.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} name
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @api public
+ * @see Statics /docs/guide.html#statics
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.static = function(name, fn) {
+  if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+    for (const i in name) {
+      this.statics[i] = name[i];
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.statics[name] = fn;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines an index (most likely compound) for this schema.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     schema.index({ first: 1, last: -1 })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} fields
+ * @param {Object} [options] Options to pass to [MongoDB driver's `createIndex()` function](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#createIndex)
+ * @param {String} [options.expires=null] Mongoose-specific syntactic sugar, uses [ms](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ms) to convert `expires` option into seconds for the `expireAfterSeconds` in the above link.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.index = function(fields, options) {
+  fields || (fields = {});
+  options || (options = {});
+
+  if (options.expires) {
+    utils.expires(options);
+  }
+
+  this._indexes.push([fields, options]);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a schema option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     schema.set('strict'); // 'true' by default
+ *     schema.set('strict', false); // Sets 'strict' to false
+ *     schema.set('strict'); // 'false'
+ *
+ * @param {String} key option name
+ * @param {Object} [value] if not passed, the current option value is returned
+ * @see Schema ./
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.set = function(key, value, _tags) {
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    return this.options[key];
+  }
+
+  switch (key) {
+    case 'read':
+      this.options[key] = readPref(value, _tags);
+      this._userProvidedOptions[key] = this.options[key];
+      break;
+    case 'safe':
+      setSafe(this.options, value);
+      this._userProvidedOptions[key] = this.options[key];
+      break;
+    case 'timestamps':
+      this.setupTimestamp(value);
+      this.options[key] = value;
+      this._userProvidedOptions[key] = this.options[key];
+      break;
+    case '_id':
+      this.options[key] = value;
+      this._userProvidedOptions[key] = this.options[key];
+
+      if (value && !this.paths['_id']) {
+        addAutoId(this);
+      } else if (!value && this.paths['_id'] != null && this.paths['_id'].auto) {
+        this.remove('_id');
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      this.options[key] = value;
+      this._userProvidedOptions[key] = this.options[key];
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const safeDeprecationWarning = 'Mongoose: The `safe` option for schemas is ' +
+  'deprecated. Use the `writeConcern` option instead: ' +
+  'http://bit.ly/mongoose-write-concern';
+
+const setSafe = util.deprecate(function setSafe(options, value) {
+  options.safe = value === false ?
+    { w: 0 } :
+    value;
+}, safeDeprecationWarning);
+
+/**
+ * Gets a schema option.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     schema.get('strict'); // true
+ *     schema.set('strict', false);
+ *     schema.get('strict'); // false
+ *
+ * @param {String} key option name
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Any} the option's value
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.get = function(key) {
+  return this.options[key];
+};
+
+/**
+ * The allowed index types
+ *
+ * @receiver Schema
+ * @static indexTypes
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+const indexTypes = '2d 2dsphere hashed text'.split(' ');
+
+Object.defineProperty(Schema, 'indexTypes', {
+  get: function() {
+    return indexTypes;
+  },
+  set: function() {
+    throw new Error('Cannot overwrite Schema.indexTypes');
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Returns a list of indexes that this schema declares, via `schema.index()`
+ * or by `index: true` in a path's options.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const userSchema = new Schema({
+ *       email: { type: String, required: true, unique: true },
+ *       registeredAt: { type: Date, index: true }
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // [ [ { email: 1 }, { unique: true, background: true } ],
+ *     //   [ { registeredAt: 1 }, { background: true } ] ]
+ *     userSchema.indexes();
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {Array} list of indexes defined in the schema
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.indexes = function() {
+  return getIndexes(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a virtual type with the given name.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {String|Model} [options.ref] model name or model instance. Marks this as a [populate virtual](populate.html#populate-virtuals).
+ * @param {String|Function} [options.localField] Required for populate virtuals. See [populate virtual docs](populate.html#populate-virtuals) for more information.
+ * @param {String|Function} [options.foreignField] Required for populate virtuals. See [populate virtual docs](populate.html#populate-virtuals) for more information.
+ * @param {Boolean|Function} [options.justOne=false] Only works with populate virtuals. If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), will be a single doc or `null`. Otherwise, the populate virtual will be an array.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.count=false] Only works with populate virtuals. If [truthy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/truthy), this populate virtual will contain the number of documents rather than the documents themselves when you `populate()`.
+ * @param {Function|null} [options.get=null] Adds a [getter](/docs/tutorials/getters-setters.html) to this virtual to transform the populated doc.
+ * @return {VirtualType}
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.virtual = function(name, options) {
+  if (name instanceof VirtualType || (name != null && name.constructor.name === 'VirtualType')) {
+    return this.virtual(name.path, name.options);
+  }
+
+  options = new VirtualOptions(options);
+
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(options, ['ref', 'refPath'])) {
+    if (options.localField == null) {
+      throw new Error('Reference virtuals require `localField` option');
+    }
+
+    if (options.foreignField == null) {
+      throw new Error('Reference virtuals require `foreignField` option');
+    }
+
+    this.pre('init', function(obj) {
+      if (mpath.has(name, obj)) {
+        const _v = mpath.get(name, obj);
+        if (!this.$$populatedVirtuals) {
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals = {};
+        }
+
+        if (options.justOne || options.count) {
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] = Array.isArray(_v) ?
+            _v[0] :
+            _v;
+        } else {
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] = Array.isArray(_v) ?
+            _v :
+            _v == null ? [] : [_v];
+        }
+
+        mpath.unset(name, obj);
+      }
+    });
+
+    const virtual = this.virtual(name);
+    virtual.options = options;
+
+    virtual.
+      set(function(_v) {
+        if (!this.$$populatedVirtuals) {
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals = {};
+        }
+
+        if (options.justOne || options.count) {
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] = Array.isArray(_v) ?
+            _v[0] :
+            _v;
+
+          if (typeof this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] !== 'object') {
+            this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] = options.count ? _v : null;
+          }
+        } else {
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] = Array.isArray(_v) ?
+            _v :
+            _v == null ? [] : [_v];
+
+          this.$$populatedVirtuals[name] = this.$$populatedVirtuals[name].filter(function(doc) {
+            return doc && typeof doc === 'object';
+          });
+        }
+      });
+
+    if (typeof options.get === 'function') {
+      virtual.get(options.get);
+    }
+
+    return virtual;
+  }
+
+  const virtuals = this.virtuals;
+  const parts = name.split('.');
+
+  if (this.pathType(name) === 'real') {
+    throw new Error('Virtual path "' + name + '"' +
+      ' conflicts with a real path in the schema');
+  }
+
+  virtuals[name] = parts.reduce(function(mem, part, i) {
+    mem[part] || (mem[part] = (i === parts.length - 1)
+      ? new VirtualType(options, name)
+      : {});
+    return mem[part];
+  }, this.tree);
+
+  // Workaround for gh-8198: if virtual is under document array, make a fake
+  // virtual. See gh-8210
+  let cur = parts[0];
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length - 1; ++i) {
+    if (this.paths[cur] != null && this.paths[cur].$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      const remnant = parts.slice(i + 1).join('.');
+      const v = this.paths[cur].schema.virtual(remnant);
+      v.get((v, virtual, doc) => {
+        const parent = doc.__parentArray[arrayParentSymbol];
+        const path = cur + '.' + doc.__index + '.' + remnant;
+        return parent.get(path);
+      });
+      break;
+    }
+
+    cur += '.' + parts[i + 1];
+  }
+
+  return virtuals[name];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the virtual type with the given `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {VirtualType}
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype.virtualpath = function(name) {
+  return this.virtuals.hasOwnProperty(name) ? this.virtuals[name] : null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes the given `path` (or [`paths`]).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String, age: Number });
+ *     schema.remove('name');
+ *     schema.path('name'); // Undefined
+ *     schema.path('age'); // SchemaNumber { ... }
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} path
+ * @return {Schema} the Schema instance
+ * @api public
+ */
+Schema.prototype.remove = function(path) {
+  if (typeof path === 'string') {
+    path = [path];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
+    path.forEach(function(name) {
+      if (this.path(name) == null && !this.nested[name]) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (this.nested[name]) {
+        const allKeys = Object.keys(this.paths).
+          concat(Object.keys(this.nested));
+        for (const path of allKeys) {
+          if (path.startsWith(name + '.')) {
+            delete this.paths[path];
+            delete this.nested[path];
+            _deletePath(this, path);
+          }
+        }
+
+        delete this.nested[name];
+        _deletePath(this, name);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      delete this.paths[name];
+      _deletePath(this, name);
+    }, this);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _deletePath(schema, name) {
+  const pieces = name.split('.');
+  const last = pieces.pop();
+
+  let branch = schema.tree;
+
+  for (const piece of pieces) {
+    branch = branch[piece];
+  }
+
+  delete branch[last];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Loads an ES6 class into a schema. Maps [setters](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set) + [getters](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get), [static methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/static),
+ * and [instance methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes#Class_body_and_method_definitions)
+ * to schema [virtuals](/docs/guide.html#virtuals),
+ * [statics](/docs/guide.html#statics), and
+ * [methods](/docs/guide.html#methods).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * const md5 = require('md5');
+ * const userSchema = new Schema({ email: String });
+ * class UserClass {
+ *   // `gravatarImage` becomes a virtual
+ *   get gravatarImage() {
+ *     const hash = md5(this.email.toLowerCase());
+ *     return `https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/${hash}`;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // `getProfileUrl()` becomes a document method
+ *   getProfileUrl() {
+ *     return `https://mysite.com/${this.email}`;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // `findByEmail()` becomes a static
+ *   static findByEmail(email) {
+ *     return this.findOne({ email });
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // `schema` will now have a `gravatarImage` virtual, a `getProfileUrl()` method,
+ * // and a `findByEmail()` static
+ * userSchema.loadClass(UserClass);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Function} model
+ * @param {Boolean} [virtualsOnly] if truthy, only pulls virtuals from the class, not methods or statics
+ */
+Schema.prototype.loadClass = function(model, virtualsOnly) {
+  if (model === Object.prototype ||
+      model === Function.prototype ||
+      model.prototype.hasOwnProperty('$isMongooseModelPrototype')) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  this.loadClass(Object.getPrototypeOf(model), virtualsOnly);
+
+  // Add static methods
+  if (!virtualsOnly) {
+    Object.getOwnPropertyNames(model).forEach(function(name) {
+      if (name.match(/^(length|name|prototype|constructor|__proto__)$/)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const prop = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(model, name);
+      this.static(name, prop.value);
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  // Add methods and virtuals
+  Object.getOwnPropertyNames(model.prototype).forEach(function(name) {
+    if (name.match(/^(constructor)$/)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const method = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(model.prototype, name);
+    if (!virtualsOnly) {
+      if (typeof method.value === 'function') {
+        this.method(name, method.value);
+      }
+    }
+    if (typeof method.get === 'function') {
+      if (this.virtuals[name]) {
+        this.virtuals[name].getters = [];
+      }
+      this.virtual(name).get(method.get);
+    }
+    if (typeof method.set === 'function') {
+      if (this.virtuals[name]) {
+        this.virtuals[name].setters = [];
+      }
+      this.virtual(name).set(method.set);
+    }
+  }, this);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype._getSchema = function(path) {
+  const _this = this;
+  const pathschema = _this.path(path);
+  const resultPath = [];
+
+  if (pathschema) {
+    pathschema.$fullPath = path;
+    return pathschema;
+  }
+
+  function search(parts, schema) {
+    let p = parts.length + 1;
+    let foundschema;
+    let trypath;
+
+    while (p--) {
+      trypath = parts.slice(0, p).join('.');
+      foundschema = schema.path(trypath);
+      if (foundschema) {
+        resultPath.push(trypath);
+
+        if (foundschema.caster) {
+          // array of Mixed?
+          if (foundschema.caster instanceof MongooseTypes.Mixed) {
+            foundschema.caster.$fullPath = resultPath.join('.');
+            return foundschema.caster;
+          }
+
+          // Now that we found the array, we need to check if there
+          // are remaining document paths to look up for casting.
+          // Also we need to handle array.$.path since schema.path
+          // doesn't work for that.
+          // If there is no foundschema.schema we are dealing with
+          // a path like array.$
+          if (p !== parts.length) {
+            if (foundschema.schema) {
+              let ret;
+              if (parts[p] === '$' || isArrayFilter(parts[p])) {
+                if (p + 1 === parts.length) {
+                  // comments.$
+                  return foundschema;
+                }
+                // comments.$.comments.$.title
+                ret = search(parts.slice(p + 1), foundschema.schema);
+                if (ret) {
+                  ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+                    !foundschema.schema.$isSingleNested;
+                }
+                return ret;
+              }
+              // this is the last path of the selector
+              ret = search(parts.slice(p), foundschema.schema);
+              if (ret) {
+                ret.$isUnderneathDocArray = ret.$isUnderneathDocArray ||
+                  !foundschema.schema.$isSingleNested;
+              }
+              return ret;
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (foundschema.$isSchemaMap) {
+          if (p + 1 >= parts.length) {
+            return foundschema.$__schemaType;
+          }
+          const ret = search(parts.slice(p + 1), foundschema.$__schemaType.schema);
+          return ret;
+        }
+
+        foundschema.$fullPath = resultPath.join('.');
+
+        return foundschema;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // look for arrays
+  const parts = path.split('.');
+  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    if (parts[i] === '$' || isArrayFilter(parts[i])) {
+      // Re: gh-5628, because `schema.path()` doesn't take $ into account.
+      parts[i] = '0';
+    }
+  }
+  return search(parts, _this);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Schema.prototype._getPathType = function(path) {
+  const _this = this;
+  const pathschema = _this.path(path);
+
+  if (pathschema) {
+    return 'real';
+  }
+
+  function search(parts, schema) {
+    let p = parts.length + 1,
+        foundschema,
+        trypath;
+
+    while (p--) {
+      trypath = parts.slice(0, p).join('.');
+      foundschema = schema.path(trypath);
+      if (foundschema) {
+        if (foundschema.caster) {
+          // array of Mixed?
+          if (foundschema.caster instanceof MongooseTypes.Mixed) {
+            return { schema: foundschema, pathType: 'mixed' };
+          }
+
+          // Now that we found the array, we need to check if there
+          // are remaining document paths to look up for casting.
+          // Also we need to handle array.$.path since schema.path
+          // doesn't work for that.
+          // If there is no foundschema.schema we are dealing with
+          // a path like array.$
+          if (p !== parts.length && foundschema.schema) {
+            if (parts[p] === '$' || isArrayFilter(parts[p])) {
+              if (p === parts.length - 1) {
+                return { schema: foundschema, pathType: 'nested' };
+              }
+              // comments.$.comments.$.title
+              return search(parts.slice(p + 1), foundschema.schema);
+            }
+            // this is the last path of the selector
+            return search(parts.slice(p), foundschema.schema);
+          }
+          return {
+            schema: foundschema,
+            pathType: foundschema.$isSingleNested ? 'nested' : 'array'
+          };
+        }
+        return { schema: foundschema, pathType: 'real' };
+      } else if (p === parts.length && schema.nested[trypath]) {
+        return { schema: schema, pathType: 'nested' };
+      }
+    }
+    return { schema: foundschema || schema, pathType: 'undefined' };
+  }
+
+  // look for arrays
+  return search(path.split('.'), _this);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function isArrayFilter(piece) {
+  return piece.startsWith('$[') && piece.endsWith(']');
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = Schema;
+
+// require down here because of reference issues
+
+/**
+ * The various built-in Mongoose Schema Types.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+ *     const ObjectId = mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId;
+ *
+ * ####Types:
+ *
+ * - [String](#schema-string-js)
+ * - [Number](#schema-number-js)
+ * - [Boolean](#schema-boolean-js) | Bool
+ * - [Array](#schema-array-js)
+ * - [Buffer](#schema-buffer-js)
+ * - [Date](#schema-date-js)
+ * - [ObjectId](#schema-objectid-js) | Oid
+ * - [Mixed](#schema-mixed-js)
+ *
+ * Using this exposed access to the `Mixed` SchemaType, we can use them in our schema.
+ *
+ *     const Mixed = mongoose.Schema.Types.Mixed;
+ *     new mongoose.Schema({ _user: Mixed })
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Schema.Types = MongooseTypes = require('./schema/index');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.ObjectId = MongooseTypes.ObjectId;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/SingleNestedPath.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/SingleNestedPath.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbbf523ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/SingleNestedPath.js
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const CastError = require('../error/cast');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const ObjectExpectedError = require('../error/objectExpected');
+const SchemaSingleNestedOptions = require('../options/SchemaSingleNestedOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const $exists = require('./operators/exists');
+const castToNumber = require('./operators/helpers').castToNumber;
+const discriminator = require('../helpers/model/discriminator');
+const geospatial = require('./operators/geospatial');
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const getConstructor = require('../helpers/discriminator/getConstructor');
+const handleIdOption = require('../helpers/schema/handleIdOption');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('../options').internalToObjectOptions;
+
+let Subdocument;
+
+module.exports = SingleNestedPath;
+
+/**
+ * Single nested subdocument SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SingleNestedPath(schema, path, options) {
+  schema = handleIdOption(schema, options);
+
+  this.caster = _createConstructor(schema);
+  this.caster.path = path;
+  this.caster.prototype.$basePath = path;
+  this.schema = schema;
+  this.$isSingleNested = true;
+  SchemaType.call(this, path, options, 'Embedded');
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.constructor = SingleNestedPath;
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaSingleNestedOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _createConstructor(schema, baseClass) {
+  // lazy load
+  Subdocument || (Subdocument = require('../types/subdocument'));
+
+  const _embedded = function SingleNested(value, path, parent) {
+    const _this = this;
+
+    this.$__parent = parent;
+    Subdocument.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    this.$session(this.ownerDocument().$session());
+
+    if (parent) {
+      parent.on('save', function() {
+        _this.emit('save', _this);
+        _this.constructor.emit('save', _this);
+      });
+
+      parent.on('isNew', function(val) {
+        _this.isNew = val;
+        _this.emit('isNew', val);
+        _this.constructor.emit('isNew', val);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const proto = baseClass != null ? baseClass.prototype : Subdocument.prototype;
+  _embedded.prototype = Object.create(proto);
+  _embedded.prototype.$__setSchema(schema);
+  _embedded.prototype.constructor = _embedded;
+  _embedded.schema = schema;
+  _embedded.$isSingleNested = true;
+  _embedded.events = new EventEmitter();
+  _embedded.prototype.toBSON = function() {
+    return this.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+  };
+
+  // apply methods
+  for (const i in schema.methods) {
+    _embedded.prototype[i] = schema.methods[i];
+  }
+
+  // apply statics
+  for (const i in schema.statics) {
+    _embedded[i] = schema.statics[i];
+  }
+
+  for (const i in EventEmitter.prototype) {
+    _embedded[i] = EventEmitter.prototype[i];
+  }
+
+  return _embedded;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Special case for when users use a common location schema to represent
+ * locations for use with $geoWithin.
+ * https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/query/geoWithin/
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$geoWithin = function handle$geoWithin(val) {
+  return { $geometry: this.castForQuery(val.$geometry) };
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$near =
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$nearSphere = geospatial.cast$near;
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$within =
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$geoWithin = geospatial.cast$within;
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$geoIntersects =
+  geospatial.cast$geoIntersects;
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$minDistance = castToNumber;
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$maxDistance = castToNumber;
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$exists = $exists;
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.cast = function(val, doc, init, priorVal, options) {
+  if (val && val.$isSingleNested && val.parent === doc) {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  if (val != null && (typeof val !== 'object' || Array.isArray(val))) {
+    throw new ObjectExpectedError(this.path, val);
+  }
+
+  const Constructor = getConstructor(this.caster, val);
+
+  let subdoc;
+
+  // Only pull relevant selected paths and pull out the base path
+  const parentSelected = get(doc, '$__.selected', {});
+  const path = this.path;
+  const selected = Object.keys(parentSelected).reduce((obj, key) => {
+    if (key.startsWith(path + '.')) {
+      obj[key.substr(path.length + 1)] = parentSelected[key];
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }, {});
+  options = Object.assign({}, options, { priorDoc: priorVal });
+  if (init) {
+    subdoc = new Constructor(void 0, selected, doc);
+    subdoc.init(val);
+  } else {
+    if (Object.keys(val).length === 0) {
+      return new Constructor({}, selected, doc, undefined, options);
+    }
+
+    return new Constructor(val, selected, doc, undefined, options);
+  }
+
+  return subdoc;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for query
+ *
+ * @param {string} [$conditional] optional query operator (like `$eq` or `$in`)
+ * @param {any} value
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val, options) {
+  let handler;
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+    if (!handler) {
+      throw new Error('Can\'t use ' + $conditional);
+    }
+    return handler.call(this, val);
+  }
+  val = $conditional;
+  if (val == null) {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  if (this.options.runSetters) {
+    val = this._applySetters(val);
+  }
+
+  const Constructor = getConstructor(this.caster, val);
+  const overrideStrict = options != null && options.strict != null ?
+    options.strict :
+    void 0;
+
+  try {
+    val = new Constructor(val, overrideStrict);
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Make sure we always wrap in a CastError (gh-6803)
+    if (!(error instanceof CastError)) {
+      throw new CastError('Embedded', val, this.path, error, this);
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Async validation on this single nested doc.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.doValidate = function(value, fn, scope, options) {
+  const Constructor = getConstructor(this.caster, value);
+
+  if (options && options.skipSchemaValidators) {
+    if (!(value instanceof Constructor)) {
+      value = new Constructor(value, null, scope);
+    }
+    return value.validate(fn);
+  }
+
+  SchemaType.prototype.doValidate.call(this, value, function(error) {
+    if (error) {
+      return fn(error);
+    }
+    if (!value) {
+      return fn(null);
+    }
+
+    value.validate(fn);
+  }, scope, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Synchronously validate this single nested doc
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.doValidateSync = function(value, scope, options) {
+  if (!options || !options.skipSchemaValidators) {
+    const schemaTypeError = SchemaType.prototype.doValidateSync.call(this, value, scope);
+    if (schemaTypeError) {
+      return schemaTypeError;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!value) {
+    return;
+  }
+  return value.validateSync();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a discriminator to this single nested subdocument.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const shapeSchema = Schema({ name: String }, { discriminatorKey: 'kind' });
+ *     const schema = Schema({ shape: shapeSchema });
+ *
+ *     const singleNestedPath = parentSchema.path('shape');
+ *     singleNestedPath.discriminator('Circle', Schema({ radius: Number }));
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Schema} schema fields to add to the schema for instances of this sub-class
+ * @param {String} [value] the string stored in the `discriminatorKey` property. If not specified, Mongoose uses the `name` parameter.
+ * @return {Function} the constructor Mongoose will use for creating instances of this discriminator model
+ * @see discriminators /docs/discriminators.html
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.discriminator = function(name, schema, value) {
+  schema = discriminator(this.caster, name, schema, value);
+
+  this.caster.discriminators[name] = _createConstructor(schema, this.caster);
+
+  return this.caster.discriminators[name];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all SingleNestedPath instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all numbers have option `min` equal to 0.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Embedded.set('required', true);
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.defaultOptions = {};
+
+SingleNestedPath.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SingleNestedPath.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  const schematype = new this.constructor(this.schema, this.path, options);
+  schematype.validators = this.validators.slice();
+  if (this.requiredValidator !== undefined) {
+    schematype.requiredValidator = this.requiredValidator;
+  }
+  schematype.caster.discriminators = Object.assign({}, this.caster.discriminators);
+  return schematype;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/array.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/array.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdfea5964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/array.js
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const $exists = require('./operators/exists');
+const $type = require('./operators/type');
+const MongooseError = require('../error/mongooseError');
+const SchemaArrayOptions = require('../options/SchemaArrayOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+const Mixed = require('./mixed');
+const arrayDepth = require('../helpers/arrayDepth');
+const cast = require('../cast');
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const isOperator = require('../helpers/query/isOperator');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+const castToNumber = require('./operators/helpers').castToNumber;
+const geospatial = require('./operators/geospatial');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('../helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+
+let MongooseArray;
+let EmbeddedDoc;
+
+const isNestedArraySymbol = Symbol('mongoose#isNestedArray');
+const emptyOpts = Object.freeze({});
+
+/**
+ * Array SchemaType constructor
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {SchemaType} cast
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaArray(key, cast, options, schemaOptions) {
+  // lazy load
+  EmbeddedDoc || (EmbeddedDoc = require('../types').Embedded);
+
+  let typeKey = 'type';
+  if (schemaOptions && schemaOptions.typeKey) {
+    typeKey = schemaOptions.typeKey;
+  }
+  this.schemaOptions = schemaOptions;
+
+  if (cast) {
+    let castOptions = {};
+
+    if (utils.isPOJO(cast)) {
+      if (cast[typeKey]) {
+        // support { type: Woot }
+        castOptions = utils.clone(cast); // do not alter user arguments
+        delete castOptions[typeKey];
+        cast = cast[typeKey];
+      } else {
+        cast = Mixed;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options != null && options.ref != null && castOptions.ref == null) {
+      castOptions.ref = options.ref;
+    }
+
+    if (cast === Object) {
+      cast = Mixed;
+    }
+
+    // support { type: 'String' }
+    const name = typeof cast === 'string'
+      ? cast
+      : utils.getFunctionName(cast);
+
+    const Types = require('./index.js');
+    const caster = Types.hasOwnProperty(name) ? Types[name] : cast;
+
+    this.casterConstructor = caster;
+
+    if (this.casterConstructor instanceof SchemaArray) {
+      this.casterConstructor[isNestedArraySymbol] = true;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof caster === 'function' &&
+        !caster.$isArraySubdocument &&
+        !caster.$isSchemaMap) {
+      const path = this.caster instanceof EmbeddedDoc ? null : key;
+      this.caster = new caster(path, castOptions);
+    } else {
+      this.caster = caster;
+      if (!(this.caster instanceof EmbeddedDoc)) {
+        this.caster.path = key;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.$embeddedSchemaType = this.caster;
+  }
+
+  this.$isMongooseArray = true;
+
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'Array');
+
+  let defaultArr;
+  let fn;
+
+  if (this.defaultValue != null) {
+    defaultArr = this.defaultValue;
+    fn = typeof defaultArr === 'function';
+  }
+
+  if (!('defaultValue' in this) || this.defaultValue !== void 0) {
+    const defaultFn = function() {
+      let arr = [];
+      if (fn) {
+        arr = defaultArr.call(this);
+      } else if (defaultArr != null) {
+        arr = arr.concat(defaultArr);
+      }
+      // Leave it up to `cast()` to convert the array
+      return arr;
+    };
+    defaultFn.$runBeforeSetters = !fn;
+    this.default(defaultFn);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaArray.schemaName = 'Array';
+
+
+/**
+ * Options for all arrays.
+ *
+ * - `castNonArrays`: `true` by default. If `false`, Mongoose will throw a CastError when a value isn't an array. If `true`, Mongoose will wrap the provided value in an array before casting.
+ *
+ * @static options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.options = { castNonArrays: true };
+
+SchemaArray.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Array instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all Array instances have `required` of true by default.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Array.set('required', true);
+ *
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ test: Array }));
+ *     new User({ }).validateSync().errors.test.message; // Path `test` is required.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaArray.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+SchemaArray.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SchemaArray.prototype.constructor = SchemaArray;
+SchemaArray.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaArrayOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaArray._checkRequired = SchemaType.prototype.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether an array
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Require non-empty array to pass `required` check
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.Array.checkRequired(v => Array.isArray(v) && v.length);
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model({ arr: { type: Array, required: true } });
+ *     new M({ arr: [] }).validateSync(); // `null`, validation fails!
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies the `required` validator.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.checkRequired = function checkRequired(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+
+  // `require('util').inherits()` does **not** copy static properties, and
+  // plugins like mongoose-float use `inherits()` for pre-ES6.
+  const _checkRequired = typeof this.constructor.checkRequired == 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.checkRequired() :
+    SchemaArray.checkRequired();
+
+  return _checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds an enum validator if this is an array of strings or numbers. Equivalent to
+ * `SchemaString.prototype.enum()` or `SchemaNumber.prototype.enum()`
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} [args...] enumeration values
+ * @return {SchemaArray} this
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.enum = function() {
+  let arr = this;
+  while (true) {
+    const instance = get(arr, 'caster.instance');
+    if (instance === 'Array') {
+      arr = arr.caster;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (instance !== 'String' && instance !== 'Number') {
+      throw new Error('`enum` can only be set on an array of strings or numbers ' +
+        ', not ' + instance);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  let enumArray = arguments;
+  if (!Array.isArray(arguments) && utils.isObject(arguments)) {
+    enumArray = utils.object.vals(enumArray);
+  }
+
+  arr.caster.enum.apply(arr.caster, enumArray);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Overrides the getters application for the population special-case
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Object} scope
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.applyGetters = function(value, scope) {
+  if (scope != null && scope.$__ != null && scope.populated(this.path)) {
+    // means the object id was populated
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  const ret = SchemaType.prototype.applyGetters.call(this, value, scope);
+  if (Array.isArray(ret)) {
+    const len = ret.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      ret[i] = this.caster.applyGetters(ret[i], scope);
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
+
+SchemaArray.prototype._applySetters = function(value, scope, init, priorVal) {
+  if (this.casterConstructor.$isMongooseArray &&
+      SchemaArray.options.castNonArrays &&
+      !this[isNestedArraySymbol]) {
+    // Check nesting levels and wrap in array if necessary
+    let depth = 0;
+    let arr = this;
+    while (arr != null &&
+      arr.$isMongooseArray &&
+      !arr.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      ++depth;
+      arr = arr.casterConstructor;
+    }
+
+    // No need to wrap empty arrays
+    if (value != null && value.length > 0) {
+      const valueDepth = arrayDepth(value);
+      if (valueDepth.min === valueDepth.max && valueDepth.max < depth && valueDepth.containsNonArrayItem) {
+        for (let i = valueDepth.max; i < depth; ++i) {
+          value = [value];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SchemaType.prototype._applySetters.call(this, value, scope, init, priorVal);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts values for set().
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Document} doc document that triggers the casting
+ * @param {Boolean} init whether this is an initialization cast
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init, prev, options) {
+  // lazy load
+  MongooseArray || (MongooseArray = require('../types').Array);
+
+  let i;
+  let l;
+
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    const len = value.length;
+    if (!len && doc) {
+      const indexes = doc.schema.indexedPaths();
+
+      const arrayPath = this.path;
+      for (i = 0, l = indexes.length; i < l; ++i) {
+        const pathIndex = indexes[i][0][arrayPath];
+        if (pathIndex === '2dsphere' || pathIndex === '2d') {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Special case: if this index is on the parent of what looks like
+      // GeoJSON, skip setting the default to empty array re: #1668, #3233
+      const arrayGeojsonPath = this.path.endsWith('.coordinates') ?
+        this.path.substr(0, this.path.lastIndexOf('.')) : null;
+      if (arrayGeojsonPath != null) {
+        for (i = 0, l = indexes.length; i < l; ++i) {
+          const pathIndex = indexes[i][0][arrayGeojsonPath];
+          if (pathIndex === '2dsphere') {
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    options = options || emptyOpts;
+
+    value = MongooseArray(value, options.path || this._arrayPath || this.path, doc, this);
+
+    if (init && doc != null && doc.$__ != null && doc.populated(this.path)) {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    const caster = this.caster;
+    const isMongooseArray = caster.$isMongooseArray;
+    const isArrayOfNumbers = caster.instance === 'Number';
+    if (caster && this.casterConstructor !== Mixed) {
+      try {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+          // Special case: number arrays disallow undefined.
+          // Re: gh-840
+          // See commit 1298fe92d2c790a90594bd08199e45a4a09162a6
+          if (isArrayOfNumbers && value[i] === void 0) {
+            throw new MongooseError('Mongoose number arrays disallow storing undefined');
+          }
+          const opts = {};
+          // Perf: creating `arrayPath` is expensive for large arrays.
+          // We only need `arrayPath` if this is a nested array, so
+          // skip if possible.
+          if (isMongooseArray) {
+            if (options.arrayPath != null) {
+              opts.arrayPathIndex = i;
+            } else if (caster._arrayParentPath != null) {
+              opts.arrayPathIndex = i;
+            }
+          }
+          value[i] = caster.applySetters(value[i], doc, init, void 0, opts);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        // rethrow
+        throw new CastError('[' + e.kind + ']', util.inspect(value), this.path + '.' + i, e, this);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (init || SchemaArray.options.castNonArrays) {
+    // gh-2442: if we're loading this from the db and its not an array, mark
+    // the whole array as modified.
+    if (!!doc && !!init) {
+      doc.markModified(this.path);
+    }
+    return this.cast([value], doc, init);
+  }
+
+  throw new CastError('Array', util.inspect(value), this.path, null, this);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype._castForPopulate = function _castForPopulate(value, doc) {
+  // lazy load
+  MongooseArray || (MongooseArray = require('../types').Array);
+
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    let i;
+    const len = value.length;
+
+    const caster = this.caster;
+    if (caster && this.casterConstructor !== Mixed) {
+      try {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+          const opts = {};
+          // Perf: creating `arrayPath` is expensive for large arrays.
+          // We only need `arrayPath` if this is a nested array, so
+          // skip if possible.
+          if (caster.$isMongooseArray && caster._arrayParentPath != null) {
+            opts.arrayPathIndex = i;
+          }
+
+          value[i] = caster.cast(value[i], doc, false, void 0, opts);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        // rethrow
+        throw new CastError('[' + e.kind + ']', util.inspect(value), this.path + '.' + i, e, this);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  throw new CastError('Array', util.inspect(value), this.path, null, this);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.discriminator = function(name, schema) {
+  let arr = this; // eslint-disable-line consistent-this
+  while (arr.$isMongooseArray && !arr.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+    arr = arr.casterConstructor;
+    if (arr == null || typeof arr === 'function') {
+      throw new MongooseError('You can only add an embedded discriminator on ' +
+        'a document array, ' + this.path + ' is a plain array');
+    }
+  }
+  return arr.discriminator(name, schema);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  const schematype = new this.constructor(this.path, this.caster, options, this.schemaOptions);
+  schematype.validators = this.validators.slice();
+  if (this.requiredValidator !== undefined) {
+    schematype.requiredValidator = this.requiredValidator;
+  }
+  return schematype;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts values for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {any} [value]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaArray.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, value) {
+  let handler;
+  let val;
+
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+
+    if (!handler) {
+      throw new Error('Can\'t use ' + $conditional + ' with Array.');
+    }
+
+    val = handler.call(this, value);
+  } else {
+    val = $conditional;
+    let Constructor = this.casterConstructor;
+
+    if (val &&
+        Constructor.discriminators &&
+        Constructor.schema &&
+        Constructor.schema.options &&
+        Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey) {
+      if (typeof val[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey] === 'string' &&
+          Constructor.discriminators[val[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]]) {
+        Constructor = Constructor.discriminators[val[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]];
+      } else {
+        const constructorByValue = getDiscriminatorByValue(Constructor.discriminators, val[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]);
+        if (constructorByValue) {
+          Constructor = constructorByValue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const proto = this.casterConstructor.prototype;
+    let method = proto && (proto.castForQuery || proto.cast);
+    if (!method && Constructor.castForQuery) {
+      method = Constructor.castForQuery;
+    }
+    const caster = this.caster;
+
+    if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+      this.setters.reverse().forEach(setter => {
+        val = setter.call(this, val, this);
+      });
+      val = val.map(function(v) {
+        if (utils.isObject(v) && v.$elemMatch) {
+          return v;
+        }
+        if (method) {
+          v = method.call(caster, v);
+          return v;
+        }
+        if (v != null) {
+          v = new Constructor(v);
+          return v;
+        }
+        return v;
+      });
+    } else if (method) {
+      val = method.call(caster, val);
+    } else if (val != null) {
+      val = new Constructor(val);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return val;
+};
+
+function cast$all(val) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    val = [val];
+  }
+
+  val = val.map(function(v) {
+    if (utils.isObject(v)) {
+      const o = {};
+      o[this.path] = v;
+      return cast(this.casterConstructor.schema, o)[this.path];
+    }
+    return v;
+  }, this);
+
+  return this.castForQuery(val);
+}
+
+function cast$elemMatch(val) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(val);
+  const numKeys = keys.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+    const key = keys[i];
+    const value = val[key];
+    if (isOperator(key) && value != null) {
+      val[key] = this.castForQuery(key, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Is this an embedded discriminator and is the discriminator key set?
+  // If so, use the discriminator schema. See gh-7449
+  const discriminatorKey = get(this,
+    'casterConstructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey');
+  const discriminators = get(this, 'casterConstructor.schema.discriminators', {});
+  if (discriminatorKey != null &&
+      val[discriminatorKey] != null &&
+      discriminators[val[discriminatorKey]] != null) {
+    return cast(discriminators[val[discriminatorKey]], val);
+  }
+
+  return cast(this.casterConstructor.schema, val);
+}
+
+const handle = SchemaArray.prototype.$conditionalHandlers = {};
+
+handle.$all = cast$all;
+handle.$options = String;
+handle.$elemMatch = cast$elemMatch;
+handle.$geoIntersects = geospatial.cast$geoIntersects;
+handle.$or = createLogicalQueryOperatorHandler('$or');
+handle.$and = createLogicalQueryOperatorHandler('$and');
+handle.$nor = createLogicalQueryOperatorHandler('$nor');
+
+function createLogicalQueryOperatorHandler(op) {
+  return function logicalQueryOperatorHandler(val) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+      throw new TypeError('conditional ' + op + ' requires an array');
+    }
+
+    const ret = [];
+    for (const obj of val) {
+      ret.push(cast(this.casterConstructor.schema, obj));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  };
+}
+
+handle.$near =
+handle.$nearSphere = geospatial.cast$near;
+
+handle.$within =
+handle.$geoWithin = geospatial.cast$within;
+
+handle.$size =
+handle.$minDistance =
+handle.$maxDistance = castToNumber;
+
+handle.$exists = $exists;
+handle.$type = $type;
+
+handle.$eq =
+handle.$gt =
+handle.$gte =
+handle.$lt =
+handle.$lte =
+handle.$ne =
+handle.$regex = SchemaArray.prototype.castForQuery;
+
+// `$in` is special because you can also include an empty array in the query
+// like `$in: [1, []]`, see gh-5913
+handle.$nin = SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$nin;
+handle.$in = SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers.$in;
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaArray;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/boolean.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/boolean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ef7e28b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/boolean.js
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const CastError = require('../error/cast');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const castBoolean = require('../cast/boolean');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Boolean SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaBoolean(path, options) {
+  SchemaType.call(this, path, options, 'Boolean');
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaBoolean.schemaName = 'Boolean';
+
+SchemaBoolean.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+SchemaBoolean.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SchemaBoolean.prototype.constructor = SchemaBoolean;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean._cast = castBoolean;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Boolean instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all booleans have `default` of false.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Boolean.set('default', false);
+ *
+ *     const Order = mongoose.model('Order', new Schema({ isPaid: Boolean }));
+ *     new Order({ }).isPaid; // false
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to booleans.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make Mongoose cast empty string '' to false.
+ *     const original = mongoose.Schema.Boolean.cast();
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Boolean.cast(v => {
+ *       if (v === '') {
+ *         return false;
+ *       }
+ *       return original(v);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or disable casting entirely
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Boolean.cast(false);
+ *
+ * @param {Function} caster
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this._defaultCaster;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean._defaultCaster = v => {
+  if (v != null && typeof v !== 'boolean') {
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean._checkRequired = v => v === true || v === false;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a boolean
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies a required validator. For a boolean
+ * to satisfy a required validator, it must be strictly equal to true or to
+ * false.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.prototype.checkRequired = function(value) {
+  return this.constructor._checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Configure which values get casted to `true`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({ b: Boolean }));
+ *     new M({ b: 'affirmative' }).b; // undefined
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Boolean.convertToTrue.add('affirmative');
+ *     new M({ b: 'affirmative' }).b; // true
+ *
+ * @property convertToTrue
+ * @type Set
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaBoolean, 'convertToTrue', {
+  get: () => castBoolean.convertToTrue,
+  set: v => { castBoolean.convertToTrue = v; }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Configure which values get casted to `false`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({ b: Boolean }));
+ *     new M({ b: 'nay' }).b; // undefined
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.Boolean.convertToFalse.add('nay');
+ *     new M({ b: 'nay' }).b; // false
+ *
+ * @property convertToFalse
+ * @type Set
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaBoolean, 'convertToFalse', {
+  get: () => castBoolean.convertToFalse,
+  set: v => { castBoolean.convertToFalse = v; }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Casts to boolean
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Object} model - this value is optional
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.prototype.cast = function(value) {
+  let castBoolean;
+  if (typeof this._castFunction === 'function') {
+    castBoolean = this._castFunction;
+  } else if (typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function') {
+    castBoolean = this.constructor.cast();
+  } else {
+    castBoolean = SchemaBoolean.cast();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return castBoolean(value);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new CastError('Boolean', value, this.path, error, this);
+  }
+};
+
+SchemaBoolean.$conditionalHandlers =
+    utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {});
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {any} val
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val) {
+  let handler;
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = SchemaBoolean.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+
+    if (handler) {
+      return handler.call(this, val);
+    }
+
+    return this._castForQuery(val);
+  }
+
+  return this._castForQuery($conditional);
+};
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaBoolean.prototype._castNullish = function _castNullish(v) {
+  if (typeof v === 'undefined' &&
+      this.$$context != null &&
+      this.$$context._mongooseOptions != null &&
+      this.$$context._mongooseOptions.omitUndefined) {
+    return v;
+  }
+  const castBoolean = typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.cast() :
+    SchemaBoolean.cast();
+  if (castBoolean == null) {
+    return v;
+  }
+  if (castBoolean.convertToFalse instanceof Set && castBoolean.convertToFalse.has(v)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (castBoolean.convertToTrue instanceof Set && castBoolean.convertToTrue.has(v)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaBoolean;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/buffer.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/buffer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d83541662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/buffer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseBuffer = require('../types/buffer');
+const SchemaBufferOptions = require('../options/SchemaBufferOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const handleBitwiseOperator = require('./operators/bitwise');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+const Binary = MongooseBuffer.Binary;
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+
+/**
+ * Buffer SchemaType constructor
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaBuffer(key, options) {
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'Buffer');
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaBuffer.schemaName = 'Buffer';
+
+SchemaBuffer.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+SchemaBuffer.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.constructor = SchemaBuffer;
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaBufferOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer._checkRequired = v => !!(v && v.length);
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Buffer instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all buffers have `required` of true by default.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Buffer.set('required', true);
+ *
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ test: Buffer }));
+ *     new User({ }).validateSync().errors.test.message; // Path `test` is required.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a string
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Allow empty strings to pass `required` check
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.checkRequired(v => v != null);
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model({ buf: { type: Buffer, required: true } });
+ *     new M({ buf: Buffer.from('') }).validateSync(); // validation passes!
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies a required validator. To satisfy a
+ * required validator, a buffer must not be null or undefined and have
+ * non-zero length.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.checkRequired = function(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+  return this.constructor._checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Document} doc document that triggers the casting
+ * @param {Boolean} init
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init) {
+  let ret;
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, init)) {
+    if (value && value.isMongooseBuffer) {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+      if (!value || !value.isMongooseBuffer) {
+        value = new MongooseBuffer(value, [this.path, doc]);
+        if (this.options.subtype != null) {
+          value._subtype = this.options.subtype;
+        }
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    if (value instanceof Binary) {
+      ret = new MongooseBuffer(value.value(true), [this.path, doc]);
+      if (typeof value.sub_type !== 'number') {
+        throw new CastError('Buffer', value, this.path, null, this);
+      }
+      ret._subtype = value.sub_type;
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    return this._castRef(value, doc, init);
+  }
+
+  // documents
+  if (value && value._id) {
+    value = value._id;
+  }
+
+  if (value && value.isMongooseBuffer) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+    if (!value || !value.isMongooseBuffer) {
+      value = new MongooseBuffer(value, [this.path, doc]);
+      if (this.options.subtype != null) {
+        value._subtype = this.options.subtype;
+      }
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (value instanceof Binary) {
+    ret = new MongooseBuffer(value.value(true), [this.path, doc]);
+    if (typeof value.sub_type !== 'number') {
+      throw new CastError('Buffer', value, this.path, null, this);
+    }
+    ret._subtype = value.sub_type;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  if (value === null) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+
+  const type = typeof value;
+  if (
+    type === 'string' || type === 'number' || Array.isArray(value) ||
+    (type === 'object' && value.type === 'Buffer' && Array.isArray(value.data)) // gh-6863
+  ) {
+    if (type === 'number') {
+      value = [value];
+    }
+    ret = new MongooseBuffer(value, [this.path, doc]);
+    if (this.options.subtype != null) {
+      ret._subtype = this.options.subtype;
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  throw new CastError('Buffer', value, this.path, null, this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the default [subtype](https://studio3t.com/whats-new/best-practices-uuid-mongodb/)
+ * for this buffer. You can find a [list of allowed subtypes here](http://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/bson/binary.html).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ uuid: { type: Buffer, subtype: 4 });
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s);
+ *     const m = new M({ uuid: 'test string' });
+ *     m.uuid._subtype; // 4
+ *
+ * @param {Number} subtype the default subtype
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.subtype = function(subtype) {
+  this.options.subtype = subtype;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.castForQuery(val);
+}
+
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.$conditionalHandlers =
+    utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {
+      $bitsAllClear: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $bitsAnyClear: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $bitsAllSet: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $bitsAnySet: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $gt: handleSingle,
+      $gte: handleSingle,
+      $lt: handleSingle,
+      $lte: handleSingle
+    });
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {any} [value]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaBuffer.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val) {
+  let handler;
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+    if (!handler) {
+      throw new Error('Can\'t use ' + $conditional + ' with Buffer.');
+    }
+    return handler.call(this, val);
+  }
+  val = $conditional;
+  const casted = this._castForQuery(val);
+  return casted ? casted.toObject({ transform: false, virtuals: false }) : casted;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaBuffer;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/date.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/date.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb7f061c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/date.js
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+/*!
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const MongooseError = require('../error/index');
+const SchemaDateOptions = require('../options/SchemaDateOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const castDate = require('../cast/date');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+
+/**
+ * Date SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaDate(key, options) {
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'Date');
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaDate.schemaName = 'Date';
+
+SchemaDate.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+SchemaDate.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SchemaDate.prototype.constructor = SchemaDate;
+SchemaDate.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaDateOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaDate._cast = castDate;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Date instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all dates have `required` of true by default.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Date.set('required', true);
+ *
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ test: Date }));
+ *     new User({ }).validateSync().errors.test.message; // Path `test` is required.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to dates.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Mongoose converts empty string '' into `null` for date types. You
+ *     // can create a custom caster to disable it.
+ *     const original = mongoose.Schema.Types.Date.cast();
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.Date.cast(v => {
+ *       assert.ok(v !== '');
+ *       return original(v);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or disable casting entirely
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.Date.cast(false);
+ *
+ * @param {Function} caster
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this._defaultCaster;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaDate._defaultCaster = v => {
+  if (v != null && !(v instanceof Date)) {
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares a TTL index (rounded to the nearest second) for _Date_ types only.
+ *
+ * This sets the `expireAfterSeconds` index option available in MongoDB >= 2.1.2.
+ * This index type is only compatible with Date types.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // expire in 24 hours
+ *     new Schema({ createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 60*60*24 }});
+ *
+ * `expires` utilizes the `ms` module from [guille](https://github.com/guille/) allowing us to use a friendlier syntax:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // expire in 24 hours
+ *     new Schema({ createdAt: { type: Date, expires: '24h' }});
+ *
+ *     // expire in 1.5 hours
+ *     new Schema({ createdAt: { type: Date, expires: '1.5h' }});
+ *
+ *     // expire in 7 days
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ createdAt: Date });
+ *     schema.path('createdAt').expires('7d');
+ *
+ * @param {Number|String} when
+ * @added 3.0.0
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.expires = function(when) {
+  if (!this._index || this._index.constructor.name !== 'Object') {
+    this._index = {};
+  }
+
+  this._index.expires = when;
+  utils.expires(this._index);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaDate._checkRequired = v => v instanceof Date;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a string
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Allow empty strings to pass `required` check
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.checkRequired(v => v != null);
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model({ str: { type: String, required: true } });
+ *     new M({ str: '' }).validateSync(); // `null`, validation passes!
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies a required validator. To satisfy
+ * a required validator, the given value must be an instance of `Date`.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.checkRequired = function(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+
+  // `require('util').inherits()` does **not** copy static properties, and
+  // plugins like mongoose-float use `inherits()` for pre-ES6.
+  const _checkRequired = typeof this.constructor.checkRequired == 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.checkRequired() :
+    SchemaDate.checkRequired();
+  return _checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a minimum date validator.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ d: { type: Date, min: Date('1970-01-01') })
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ d: Date('1969-12-31') })
+ *     m.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(err) // validator error
+ *       m.d = Date('2014-12-08');
+ *       m.save() // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // custom error messages
+ *     // We can also use the special {MIN} token which will be replaced with the invalid value
+ *     const min = [Date('1970-01-01'), 'The value of path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) is beneath the limit ({MIN}).'];
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ d: { type: Date, min: min })
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('M', schema);
+ *     const s= new M({ d: Date('1969-12-31') });
+ *     s.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // ValidationError: The value of path `d` (1969-12-31) is before the limit (1970-01-01).
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Date} value minimum date
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.min = function(value, message) {
+  if (this.minValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.minValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  if (value) {
+    let msg = message || MongooseError.messages.Date.min;
+    if (typeof msg === 'string') {
+      msg = msg.replace(/{MIN}/, (value === Date.now ? 'Date.now()' : value.toString()));
+    }
+    const _this = this;
+    this.validators.push({
+      validator: this.minValidator = function(val) {
+        let _value = value;
+        if (typeof value === 'function' && value !== Date.now) {
+          _value = _value.call(this);
+        }
+        const min = (_value === Date.now ? _value() : _this.cast(_value));
+        return val === null || val.valueOf() >= min.valueOf();
+      },
+      message: msg,
+      type: 'min',
+      min: value
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a maximum date validator.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ d: { type: Date, max: Date('2014-01-01') })
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ d: Date('2014-12-08') })
+ *     m.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(err) // validator error
+ *       m.d = Date('2013-12-31');
+ *       m.save() // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // custom error messages
+ *     // We can also use the special {MAX} token which will be replaced with the invalid value
+ *     const max = [Date('2014-01-01'), 'The value of path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) exceeds the limit ({MAX}).'];
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ d: { type: Date, max: max })
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('M', schema);
+ *     const s= new M({ d: Date('2014-12-08') });
+ *     s.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // ValidationError: The value of path `d` (2014-12-08) exceeds the limit (2014-01-01).
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Date} maximum date
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.max = function(value, message) {
+  if (this.maxValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.maxValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  if (value) {
+    let msg = message || MongooseError.messages.Date.max;
+    if (typeof msg === 'string') {
+      msg = msg.replace(/{MAX}/, (value === Date.now ? 'Date.now()' : value.toString()));
+    }
+    const _this = this;
+    this.validators.push({
+      validator: this.maxValidator = function(val) {
+        let _value = value;
+        if (typeof _value === 'function' && _value !== Date.now) {
+          _value = _value.call(this);
+        }
+        const max = (_value === Date.now ? _value() : _this.cast(_value));
+        return val === null || val.valueOf() <= max.valueOf();
+      },
+      message: msg,
+      type: 'max',
+      max: value
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts to date
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value to cast
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.cast = function(value) {
+  let castDate;
+  if (typeof this._castFunction === 'function') {
+    castDate = this._castFunction;
+  } else if (typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function') {
+    castDate = this.constructor.cast();
+  } else {
+    castDate = SchemaDate.cast();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return castDate(value);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new CastError('date', value, this.path, error, this);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Date Query casting.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.cast(val);
+}
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.$conditionalHandlers =
+    utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {
+      $gt: handleSingle,
+      $gte: handleSingle,
+      $lt: handleSingle,
+      $lte: handleSingle
+    });
+
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {any} [value]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaDate.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val) {
+  if (arguments.length !== 2) {
+    return this._castForQuery($conditional);
+  }
+
+  const handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+
+  if (!handler) {
+    throw new Error('Can\'t use ' + $conditional + ' with Date.');
+  }
+
+  return handler.call(this, val);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaDate;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/decimal128.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/decimal128.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c0e1d40d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/decimal128.js
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+const Decimal128Type = require('../types/decimal128');
+const castDecimal128 = require('../cast/decimal128');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Decimal128 SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Decimal128(key, options) {
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'Decimal128');
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+Decimal128.schemaName = 'Decimal128';
+
+Decimal128.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+Decimal128.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+Decimal128.prototype.constructor = Decimal128;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Decimal128._cast = castDecimal128;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Decimal128 instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all decimal 128s have `required` of true by default.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Decimal128.set('required', true);
+ *
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ test: mongoose.Decimal128 }));
+ *     new User({ }).validateSync().errors.test.message; // Path `test` is required.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Decimal128.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to decimals.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make Mongoose only refuse to cast numbers as decimal128
+ *     const original = mongoose.Schema.Types.Decimal128.cast();
+ *     mongoose.Decimal128.cast(v => {
+ *       assert.ok(typeof v !== 'number');
+ *       return original(v);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or disable casting entirely
+ *     mongoose.Decimal128.cast(false);
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [caster]
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Decimal128.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this._defaultCaster;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Decimal128._defaultCaster = v => {
+  if (v != null && !(v instanceof Decimal128Type)) {
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Decimal128._checkRequired = v => v instanceof Decimal128Type;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a string
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Decimal128.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies a required validator.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Decimal128.prototype.checkRequired = function checkRequired(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+
+  // `require('util').inherits()` does **not** copy static properties, and
+  // plugins like mongoose-float use `inherits()` for pre-ES6.
+  const _checkRequired = typeof this.constructor.checkRequired == 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.checkRequired() :
+    Decimal128.checkRequired();
+
+  return _checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts to Decimal128
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Boolean} init whether this is an initialization cast
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Decimal128.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, init)) {
+    if (value instanceof Decimal128Type) {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    return this._castRef(value, doc, init);
+  }
+
+  let castDecimal128;
+  if (typeof this._castFunction === 'function') {
+    castDecimal128 = this._castFunction;
+  } else if (typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function') {
+    castDecimal128 = this.constructor.cast();
+  } else {
+    castDecimal128 = Decimal128.cast();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return castDecimal128(value);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new CastError('Decimal128', value, this.path, error, this);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.cast(val);
+}
+
+Decimal128.prototype.$conditionalHandlers =
+    utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {
+      $gt: handleSingle,
+      $gte: handleSingle,
+      $lt: handleSingle,
+      $lte: handleSingle
+    });
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Decimal128;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/documentarray.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/documentarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..509c7bf45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/documentarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const ArrayType = require('./array');
+const CastError = require('../error/cast');
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const SchemaDocumentArrayOptions =
+  require('../options/SchemaDocumentArrayOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const ValidationError = require('../error/validation');
+const discriminator = require('../helpers/model/discriminator');
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const handleIdOption = require('../helpers/schema/handleIdOption');
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+const getConstructor = require('../helpers/discriminator/getConstructor');
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const arrayPathSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayPathSymbol;
+const documentArrayParent = require('../helpers/symbols').documentArrayParent;
+
+let MongooseDocumentArray;
+let Subdocument;
+
+/**
+ * SubdocsArray SchemaType constructor
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaArray
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function DocumentArrayPath(key, schema, options, schemaOptions) {
+  if (schemaOptions != null && schemaOptions._id != null) {
+    schema = handleIdOption(schema, schemaOptions);
+  } else if (options != null && options._id != null) {
+    schema = handleIdOption(schema, options);
+  }
+
+  const EmbeddedDocument = _createConstructor(schema, options);
+  EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$basePath = key;
+
+  ArrayType.call(this, key, EmbeddedDocument, options);
+
+  this.schema = schema;
+  this.schemaOptions = schemaOptions || {};
+  this.$isMongooseDocumentArray = true;
+  this.Constructor = EmbeddedDocument;
+
+  EmbeddedDocument.base = schema.base;
+
+  const fn = this.defaultValue;
+
+  if (!('defaultValue' in this) || fn !== void 0) {
+    this.default(function() {
+      let arr = fn.call(this);
+      if (!Array.isArray(arr)) {
+        arr = [arr];
+      }
+      // Leave it up to `cast()` to convert this to a documentarray
+      return arr;
+    });
+  }
+
+  const parentSchemaType = this;
+  this.$embeddedSchemaType = new SchemaType(key + '.$', {
+    required: get(this, 'schemaOptions.required', false)
+  });
+  this.$embeddedSchemaType.cast = function(value, doc, init) {
+    return parentSchemaType.cast(value, doc, init)[0];
+  };
+  this.$embeddedSchemaType.$isMongooseDocumentArrayElement = true;
+  this.$embeddedSchemaType.caster = this.Constructor;
+  this.$embeddedSchemaType.schema = this.schema;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+DocumentArrayPath.schemaName = 'DocumentArray';
+
+/**
+ * Options for all document arrays.
+ *
+ * - `castNonArrays`: `true` by default. If `false`, Mongoose will throw a CastError when a value isn't an array. If `true`, Mongoose will wrap the provided value in an array before casting.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.options = { castNonArrays: true };
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from ArrayType.
+ */
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype = Object.create(ArrayType.prototype);
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.constructor = DocumentArrayPath;
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaDocumentArrayOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * Ignore
+ */
+
+function _createConstructor(schema, options, baseClass) {
+  Subdocument || (Subdocument = require('../types/embedded'));
+
+  // compile an embedded document for this schema
+  function EmbeddedDocument() {
+    Subdocument.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    this.$session(this.ownerDocument().$session());
+  }
+
+  const proto = baseClass != null ? baseClass.prototype : Subdocument.prototype;
+  EmbeddedDocument.prototype = Object.create(proto);
+  EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$__setSchema(schema);
+  EmbeddedDocument.schema = schema;
+  EmbeddedDocument.prototype.constructor = EmbeddedDocument;
+  EmbeddedDocument.$isArraySubdocument = true;
+  EmbeddedDocument.events = new EventEmitter();
+
+  // apply methods
+  for (const i in schema.methods) {
+    EmbeddedDocument.prototype[i] = schema.methods[i];
+  }
+
+  // apply statics
+  for (const i in schema.statics) {
+    EmbeddedDocument[i] = schema.statics[i];
+  }
+
+  for (const i in EventEmitter.prototype) {
+    EmbeddedDocument[i] = EventEmitter.prototype[i];
+  }
+
+  EmbeddedDocument.options = options;
+
+  return EmbeddedDocument;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a discriminator to this document array.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const shapeSchema = Schema({ name: String }, { discriminatorKey: 'kind' });
+ *     const schema = Schema({ shapes: [shapeSchema] });
+ *
+ *     const docArrayPath = parentSchema.path('shapes');
+ *     docArrayPath.discriminator('Circle', Schema({ radius: Number }));
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @param {Schema} schema fields to add to the schema for instances of this sub-class
+ * @param {String} [value] the string stored in the `discriminatorKey` property. If not specified, Mongoose uses the `name` parameter.
+ * @see discriminators /docs/discriminators.html
+ * @return {Function} the constructor Mongoose will use for creating instances of this discriminator model
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.discriminator = function(name, schema, tiedValue) {
+  if (typeof name === 'function') {
+    name = utils.getFunctionName(name);
+  }
+
+  schema = discriminator(this.casterConstructor, name, schema, tiedValue);
+
+  const EmbeddedDocument = _createConstructor(schema, null, this.casterConstructor);
+  EmbeddedDocument.baseCasterConstructor = this.casterConstructor;
+
+  try {
+    Object.defineProperty(EmbeddedDocument, 'name', {
+      value: name
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Ignore error, only happens on old versions of node
+  }
+
+  this.casterConstructor.discriminators[name] = EmbeddedDocument;
+
+  return this.casterConstructor.discriminators[name];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Performs local validations first, then validations on each embedded doc
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.doValidate = function(array, fn, scope, options) {
+  // lazy load
+  MongooseDocumentArray || (MongooseDocumentArray = require('../types/documentarray'));
+
+  const _this = this;
+  try {
+    SchemaType.prototype.doValidate.call(this, array, cb, scope);
+  } catch (err) {
+    err.$isArrayValidatorError = true;
+    return fn(err);
+  }
+
+  function cb(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      err.$isArrayValidatorError = true;
+      return fn(err);
+    }
+
+    let count = array && array.length;
+    let error;
+
+    if (!count) {
+      return fn();
+    }
+    if (options && options.updateValidator) {
+      return fn();
+    }
+    if (!array.isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      array = new MongooseDocumentArray(array, _this.path, scope);
+    }
+
+    // handle sparse arrays, do not use array.forEach which does not
+    // iterate over sparse elements yet reports array.length including
+    // them :(
+
+    function callback(err) {
+      if (err != null) {
+        error = err;
+        if (!(error instanceof ValidationError)) {
+          error.$isArrayValidatorError = true;
+        }
+      }
+      --count || fn(error);
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0, len = count; i < len; ++i) {
+      // sidestep sparse entries
+      let doc = array[i];
+      if (doc == null) {
+        --count || fn(error);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // If you set the array index directly, the doc might not yet be
+      // a full fledged mongoose subdoc, so make it into one.
+      if (!(doc instanceof Subdocument)) {
+        const Constructor = getConstructor(_this.casterConstructor, array[i]);
+        doc = array[i] = new Constructor(doc, array, undefined, undefined, i);
+      }
+
+      if (options != null && options.validateModifiedOnly && !doc.isModified()) {
+        --count || fn(error);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      doc.$__validate(callback);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Performs local validations first, then validations on each embedded doc.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This method ignores the asynchronous validators.
+ *
+ * @return {MongooseError|undefined}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.doValidateSync = function(array, scope, options) {
+  const schemaTypeError = SchemaType.prototype.doValidateSync.call(this, array, scope);
+  if (schemaTypeError != null) {
+    schemaTypeError.$isArrayValidatorError = true;
+    return schemaTypeError;
+  }
+
+  const count = array && array.length;
+  let resultError = null;
+
+  if (!count) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // handle sparse arrays, do not use array.forEach which does not
+  // iterate over sparse elements yet reports array.length including
+  // them :(
+
+  for (let i = 0, len = count; i < len; ++i) {
+    // sidestep sparse entries
+    let doc = array[i];
+    if (!doc) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // If you set the array index directly, the doc might not yet be
+    // a full fledged mongoose subdoc, so make it into one.
+    if (!(doc instanceof Subdocument)) {
+      const Constructor = getConstructor(this.casterConstructor, array[i]);
+      doc = array[i] = new Constructor(doc, array, undefined, undefined, i);
+    }
+
+    if (options != null && options.validateModifiedOnly && !doc.isModified()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const subdocValidateError = doc.validateSync();
+
+    if (subdocValidateError && resultError == null) {
+      resultError = subdocValidateError;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return resultError;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.getDefault = function(scope) {
+  let ret = typeof this.defaultValue === 'function'
+    ? this.defaultValue.call(scope)
+    : this.defaultValue;
+
+  if (ret == null) {
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  // lazy load
+  MongooseDocumentArray || (MongooseDocumentArray = require('../types/documentarray'));
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(ret)) {
+    ret = [ret];
+  }
+
+  ret = new MongooseDocumentArray(ret, this.path, scope);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i) {
+    const Constructor = getConstructor(this.casterConstructor, ret[i]);
+    const _subdoc = new Constructor({}, ret, undefined,
+      undefined, i);
+    _subdoc.init(ret[i]);
+    _subdoc.isNew = true;
+
+    // Make sure all paths in the subdoc are set to `default` instead
+    // of `init` since we used `init`.
+    Object.assign(_subdoc.$__.activePaths.default, _subdoc.$__.activePaths.init);
+    _subdoc.$__.activePaths.init = {};
+
+    ret[i] = _subdoc;
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Document} document that triggers the casting
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init, prev, options) {
+  // lazy load
+  MongooseDocumentArray || (MongooseDocumentArray = require('../types/documentarray'));
+
+  // Skip casting if `value` is the same as the previous value, no need to cast. See gh-9266
+  if (value != null && value[arrayPathSymbol] != null && value === prev) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  let selected;
+  let subdoc;
+  const _opts = { transform: false, virtuals: false };
+  options = options || {};
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+    if (!init && !DocumentArrayPath.options.castNonArrays) {
+      throw new CastError('DocumentArray', util.inspect(value), this.path, null, this);
+    }
+    // gh-2442 mark whole array as modified if we're initializing a doc from
+    // the db and the path isn't an array in the document
+    if (!!doc && init) {
+      doc.markModified(this.path);
+    }
+    return this.cast([value], doc, init, prev, options);
+  }
+
+  if (!(value && value.isMongooseDocumentArray) &&
+      !options.skipDocumentArrayCast) {
+    value = new MongooseDocumentArray(value, this.path, doc);
+  } else if (value && value.isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+    // We need to create a new array, otherwise change tracking will
+    // update the old doc (gh-4449)
+    value = new MongooseDocumentArray(value, this.path, doc);
+  }
+
+  if (prev != null) {
+    value[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = prev[arrayAtomicsSymbol] || {};
+  }
+
+  if (options.arrayPathIndex != null) {
+    value[arrayPathSymbol] = this.path + '.' + options.arrayPathIndex;
+  }
+
+  const len = value.length;
+  const initDocumentOptions = { skipId: true, willInit: true };
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (!value[i]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const Constructor = getConstructor(this.casterConstructor, value[i]);
+
+    // Check if the document has a different schema (re gh-3701)
+    if ((value[i].$__) &&
+        (!(value[i] instanceof Constructor) || value[i][documentArrayParent] !== doc)) {
+      value[i] = value[i].toObject({
+        transform: false,
+        // Special case: if different model, but same schema, apply virtuals
+        // re: gh-7898
+        virtuals: value[i].schema === Constructor.schema
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (value[i] instanceof Subdocument) {
+      // Might not have the correct index yet, so ensure it does.
+      if (value[i].__index == null) {
+        value[i].$setIndex(i);
+      }
+    } else if (value[i] != null) {
+      if (init) {
+        if (doc) {
+          selected || (selected = scopePaths(this, doc.$__.selected, init));
+        } else {
+          selected = true;
+        }
+
+        subdoc = new Constructor(null, value, initDocumentOptions, selected, i);
+        value[i] = subdoc.init(value[i]);
+      } else {
+        if (prev && typeof prev.id === 'function') {
+          subdoc = prev.id(value[i]._id);
+        }
+
+        if (prev && subdoc && utils.deepEqual(subdoc.toObject(_opts), value[i])) {
+          // handle resetting doc with existing id and same data
+          subdoc.set(value[i]);
+          // if set() is hooked it will have no return value
+          // see gh-746
+          value[i] = subdoc;
+        } else {
+          try {
+            subdoc = new Constructor(value[i], value, undefined,
+              undefined, i);
+            // if set() is hooked it will have no return value
+            // see gh-746
+            value[i] = subdoc;
+          } catch (error) {
+            const valueInErrorMessage = util.inspect(value[i]);
+            throw new CastError('embedded', valueInErrorMessage,
+              value[arrayPathSymbol], error, this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return value;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  const schematype = new this.constructor(this.path, this.schema, options, this.schemaOptions);
+  schematype.validators = this.validators.slice();
+  if (this.requiredValidator !== undefined) {
+    schematype.requiredValidator = this.requiredValidator;
+  }
+  schematype.Constructor.discriminators = Object.assign({},
+    this.Constructor.discriminators);
+  return schematype;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.prototype.applyGetters = function(value, scope) {
+  return SchemaType.prototype.applyGetters.call(this, value, scope);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Scopes paths selected in a query to this array.
+ * Necessary for proper default application of subdocument values.
+ *
+ * @param {DocumentArrayPath} array - the array to scope `fields` paths
+ * @param {Object|undefined} fields - the root fields selected in the query
+ * @param {Boolean|undefined} init - if we are being created part of a query result
+ */
+
+function scopePaths(array, fields, init) {
+  if (!(init && fields)) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const path = array.path + '.';
+  const keys = Object.keys(fields);
+  let i = keys.length;
+  const selected = {};
+  let hasKeys;
+  let key;
+  let sub;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (key.startsWith(path)) {
+      sub = key.substring(path.length);
+      if (sub === '$') {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (sub.startsWith('$.')) {
+        sub = sub.substr(2);
+      }
+      hasKeys || (hasKeys = true);
+      selected[sub] = fields[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return hasKeys && selected || undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all DocumentArray instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all numbers have option `min` equal to 0.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.DocumentArray.set('_id', false);
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+DocumentArrayPath.defaultOptions = {};
+
+DocumentArrayPath.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = DocumentArrayPath;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f33b08468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+exports.String = require('./string');
+
+exports.Number = require('./number');
+
+exports.Boolean = require('./boolean');
+
+exports.DocumentArray = require('./documentarray');
+
+exports.Embedded = require('./SingleNestedPath');
+
+exports.Array = require('./array');
+
+exports.Buffer = require('./buffer');
+
+exports.Date = require('./date');
+
+exports.ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+
+exports.Mixed = require('./mixed');
+
+exports.Decimal128 = exports.Decimal = require('./decimal128');
+
+exports.Map = require('./map');
+
+// alias
+
+exports.Oid = exports.ObjectId;
+exports.Object = exports.Mixed;
+exports.Bool = exports.Boolean;
+exports.ObjectID = exports.ObjectId;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/map.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e81dccf45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const MongooseMap = require('../types/map');
+const SchemaMapOptions = require('../options/SchemaMapOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+class Map extends SchemaType {
+  constructor(key, options) {
+    super(key, options, 'Map');
+    this.$isSchemaMap = true;
+  }
+
+  set(option, value) {
+    return SchemaType.set(option, value);
+  }
+
+  cast(val, doc, init) {
+    if (val instanceof MongooseMap) {
+      return val;
+    }
+
+    const path = this.path;
+
+    if (init) {
+      const map = new MongooseMap({}, path, doc, this.$__schemaType);
+
+      if (val instanceof global.Map) {
+        for (const key of val.keys()) {
+          let _val = val.get(key);
+          if (_val == null) {
+            _val = map.$__schemaType._castNullish(_val);
+          } else {
+            _val = map.$__schemaType.cast(_val, doc, true, null, { path: path + '.' + key });
+          }
+          map.$init(key, _val);
+        }
+      } else {
+        for (const key of Object.keys(val)) {
+          let _val = val[key];
+          if (_val == null) {
+            _val = map.$__schemaType._castNullish(_val);
+          } else {
+            _val = map.$__schemaType.cast(_val, doc, true, null, { path: path + '.' + key });
+          }
+          map.$init(key, _val);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return map;
+    }
+
+    return new MongooseMap(val, path, doc, this.$__schemaType);
+  }
+
+  clone() {
+    const schematype = super.clone();
+
+    if (this.$__schemaType != null) {
+      schematype.$__schemaType = this.$__schemaType.clone();
+    }
+    return schematype;
+  }
+}
+
+Map.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaMapOptions;
+
+Map.defaultOptions = {};
+
+module.exports = Map;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/mixed.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/mixed.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09944bf60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/mixed.js
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const symbols = require('./symbols');
+const isObject = require('../helpers/isObject');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+/**
+ * Mixed SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Mixed(path, options) {
+  if (options && options.default) {
+    const def = options.default;
+    if (Array.isArray(def) && def.length === 0) {
+      // make sure empty array defaults are handled
+      options.default = Array;
+    } else if (!options.shared && isObject(def) && Object.keys(def).length === 0) {
+      // prevent odd "shared" objects between documents
+      options.default = function() {
+        return {};
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  SchemaType.call(this, path, options, 'Mixed');
+
+  this[symbols.schemaMixedSymbol] = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+Mixed.schemaName = 'Mixed';
+
+Mixed.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+Mixed.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+Mixed.prototype.constructor = Mixed;
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a getter for all Mixed paths.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Hide the 'hidden' path
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Mixed.get(v => Object.assign({}, v, { hidden: null }));
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({ test: {} }));
+ *     new Model({ test: { hidden: 'Secret!' } }).test.hidden; // null
+ *
+ * @param {Function} getter
+ * @return {this}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mixed.get = SchemaType.get;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Mixed instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all mixed instances have `required` of true by default.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Mixed.set('required', true);
+ *
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ test: mongoose.Mixed }));
+ *     new User({ }).validateSync().errors.test.message; // Path `test` is required.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Mixed.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/**
+ * Casts `val` for Mixed.
+ *
+ * _this is a no-op_
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value to cast
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Mixed.prototype.cast = function(val) {
+  if (val instanceof Error) {
+    return utils.errorToPOJO(val);
+  }
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $cond
+ * @param {any} [val]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Mixed.prototype.castForQuery = function($cond, val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  return $cond;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Mixed;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/number.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/number.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b2c1c1e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/number.js
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('../error/index');
+const SchemaNumberOptions = require('../options/SchemaNumberOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const castNumber = require('../cast/number');
+const handleBitwiseOperator = require('./operators/bitwise');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+
+/**
+ * Number SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaNumber(key, options) {
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'Number');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a getter for all Number instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all numbers round down
+ *     mongoose.Number.get(function(v) { return Math.floor(v); });
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({ test: Number }));
+ *     new Model({ test: 3.14 }).test; // 3
+ *
+ * @param {Function} getter
+ * @return {this}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.get = SchemaType.get;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all Number instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all numbers have option `min` equal to 0.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Number.set('min', 0);
+ *
+ *     const Order = mongoose.model('Order', new Schema({ amount: Number }));
+ *     new Order({ amount: -10 }).validateSync().errors.amount.message; // Path `amount` must be larger than 0.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber._cast = castNumber;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to numbers.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make Mongoose cast empty strings '' to 0 for paths declared as numbers
+ *     const original = mongoose.Number.cast();
+ *     mongoose.Number.cast(v => {
+ *       if (v === '') { return 0; }
+ *       return original(v);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or disable casting entirely
+ *     mongoose.Number.cast(false);
+ *
+ * @param {Function} caster
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this._defaultCaster;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber._defaultCaster = v => {
+  if (typeof v !== 'number') {
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaNumber.schemaName = 'Number';
+
+SchemaNumber.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+SchemaNumber.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SchemaNumber.prototype.constructor = SchemaNumber;
+SchemaNumber.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaNumberOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber._checkRequired = v => typeof v === 'number' || v instanceof Number;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a string
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies a required validator.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.checkRequired = function checkRequired(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+
+  // `require('util').inherits()` does **not** copy static properties, and
+  // plugins like mongoose-float use `inherits()` for pre-ES6.
+  const _checkRequired = typeof this.constructor.checkRequired == 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.checkRequired() :
+    SchemaNumber.checkRequired();
+
+  return _checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a minimum number validator.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ n: { type: Number, min: 10 })
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ n: 9 })
+ *     m.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(err) // validator error
+ *       m.n = 10;
+ *       m.save() // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // custom error messages
+ *     // We can also use the special {MIN} token which will be replaced with the invalid value
+ *     const min = [10, 'The value of path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) is beneath the limit ({MIN}).'];
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ n: { type: Number, min: min })
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('Measurement', schema);
+ *     const s= new M({ n: 4 });
+ *     s.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // ValidationError: The value of path `n` (4) is beneath the limit (10).
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Number} value minimum number
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.min = function(value, message) {
+  if (this.minValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.minValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
+    let msg = message || MongooseError.messages.Number.min;
+    msg = msg.replace(/{MIN}/, value);
+    this.validators.push({
+      validator: this.minValidator = function(v) {
+        return v == null || v >= value;
+      },
+      message: msg,
+      type: 'min',
+      min: value
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a maximum number validator.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ n: { type: Number, max: 10 })
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ n: 11 })
+ *     m.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(err) // validator error
+ *       m.n = 10;
+ *       m.save() // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // custom error messages
+ *     // We can also use the special {MAX} token which will be replaced with the invalid value
+ *     const max = [10, 'The value of path `{PATH}` ({VALUE}) exceeds the limit ({MAX}).'];
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ n: { type: Number, max: max })
+ *     const M = mongoose.model('Measurement', schema);
+ *     const s= new M({ n: 4 });
+ *     s.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // ValidationError: The value of path `n` (4) exceeds the limit (10).
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Number} maximum number
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.max = function(value, message) {
+  if (this.maxValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.maxValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
+    let msg = message || MongooseError.messages.Number.max;
+    msg = msg.replace(/{MAX}/, value);
+    this.validators.push({
+      validator: this.maxValidator = function(v) {
+        return v == null || v <= value;
+      },
+      message: msg,
+      type: 'max',
+      max: value
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a enum validator
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ n: { type: Number, enum: [1, 2, 3] });
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s);
+ *
+ *     const m = new M({ n: 4 });
+ *     await m.save(); // throws validation error
+ *
+ *     m.n = 3;
+ *     await m.save(); // succeeds
+ *
+ * @param {Array} values allowed values
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.enum = function(values, message) {
+  if (this.enumValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.enumValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(values)) {
+    if (utils.isObject(values)) {
+      values = utils.object.vals(values);
+    } else {
+      values = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+    }
+    message = MongooseError.messages.Number.enum;
+  }
+
+  message = message == null ? MongooseError.messages.Number.enum : message;
+
+  this.enumValidator = v => v == null || values.indexOf(v) !== -1;
+  this.validators.push({
+    validator: this.enumValidator,
+    message: message,
+    type: 'enum',
+    enumValues: values
+  });
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts to number
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value value to cast
+ * @param {Document} doc document that triggers the casting
+ * @param {Boolean} init
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, init)) {
+    if (typeof value === 'number') {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    return this._castRef(value, doc, init);
+  }
+
+  const val = value && typeof value._id !== 'undefined' ?
+    value._id : // documents
+    value;
+
+  let castNumber;
+  if (typeof this._castFunction === 'function') {
+    castNumber = this._castFunction;
+  } else if (typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function') {
+    castNumber = this.constructor.cast();
+  } else {
+    castNumber = SchemaNumber.cast();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return castNumber(val);
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new CastError('Number', val, this.path, err, this);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.cast(val);
+}
+
+function handleArray(val) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return [this.cast(val)];
+  }
+  return val.map(function(m) {
+    return _this.cast(m);
+  });
+}
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.$conditionalHandlers =
+    utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {
+      $bitsAllClear: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $bitsAnyClear: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $bitsAllSet: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $bitsAnySet: handleBitwiseOperator,
+      $gt: handleSingle,
+      $gte: handleSingle,
+      $lt: handleSingle,
+      $lte: handleSingle,
+      $mod: handleArray
+    });
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {any} [value]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaNumber.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val) {
+  let handler;
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+    if (!handler) {
+      throw new CastError('number', val, this.path, null, this);
+    }
+    return handler.call(this, val);
+  }
+  val = this._castForQuery($conditional);
+  return val;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaNumber;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/objectid.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/objectid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..157ed7d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/objectid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const SchemaObjectIdOptions = require('../options/SchemaObjectIdOptions');
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const castObjectId = require('../cast/objectid');
+const oid = require('../types/objectid');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+let Document;
+
+/**
+ * ObjectId SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function ObjectId(key, options) {
+  const isKeyHexStr = typeof key === 'string' && key.length === 24 && /^[a-f0-9]+$/i.test(key);
+  const suppressWarning = options && options.suppressWarning;
+  if ((isKeyHexStr || typeof key === 'undefined') && !suppressWarning) {
+    console.warn('mongoose: To create a new ObjectId please try ' +
+      '`Mongoose.Types.ObjectId` instead of using ' +
+      '`Mongoose.Schema.ObjectId`. Set the `suppressWarning` option if ' +
+      'you\'re trying to create a hex char path in your schema.');
+    console.trace();
+  }
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'ObjectID');
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+ObjectId.schemaName = 'ObjectId';
+
+ObjectId.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+ObjectId.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+ObjectId.prototype.constructor = ObjectId;
+ObjectId.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaObjectIdOptions;
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a getter for all ObjectId instances
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Always convert to string when getting an ObjectId
+ *     mongoose.ObjectId.get(v => v.toString());
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({}));
+ *     typeof (new Model({})._id); // 'string'
+ *
+ * @param {Function} getter
+ * @return {this}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+ObjectId.get = SchemaType.get;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all ObjectId instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all object ids have option `required` equal to true.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.ObjectId.set('required', true);
+ *
+ *     const Order = mongoose.model('Order', new Schema({ userId: ObjectId }));
+ *     new Order({ }).validateSync().errors.userId.message; // Path `userId` is required.
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+ObjectId.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/**
+ * Adds an auto-generated ObjectId default if turnOn is true.
+ * @param {Boolean} turnOn auto generated ObjectId defaults
+ * @api public
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ */
+
+ObjectId.prototype.auto = function(turnOn) {
+  if (turnOn) {
+    this.default(defaultId);
+    this.set(resetId);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+ObjectId._checkRequired = v => v instanceof oid;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+ObjectId._cast = castObjectId;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to objectids.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make Mongoose only try to cast length 24 strings. By default, any 12
+ *     // char string is a valid ObjectId.
+ *     const original = mongoose.ObjectId.cast();
+ *     mongoose.ObjectId.cast(v => {
+ *       assert.ok(typeof v !== 'string' || v.length === 24);
+ *       return original(v);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or disable casting entirely
+ *     mongoose.ObjectId.cast(false);
+ *
+ * @param {Function} caster
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+ObjectId.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this._defaultCaster;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+ObjectId._defaultCaster = v => {
+  if (!(v instanceof oid)) {
+    throw new Error(v + ' is not an instance of ObjectId');
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a string
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Allow empty strings to pass `required` check
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.checkRequired(v => v != null);
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model({ str: { type: String, required: true } });
+ *     new M({ str: '' }).validateSync(); // `null`, validation passes!
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+ObjectId.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies a required validator.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+ObjectId.prototype.checkRequired = function checkRequired(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+
+  // `require('util').inherits()` does **not** copy static properties, and
+  // plugins like mongoose-float use `inherits()` for pre-ES6.
+  const _checkRequired = typeof this.constructor.checkRequired == 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.checkRequired() :
+    ObjectId.checkRequired();
+
+  return _checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts to ObjectId
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ * @param {Boolean} init whether this is an initialization cast
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+ObjectId.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, init)) {
+    // wait! we may need to cast this to a document
+    if (value instanceof oid) {
+      return value;
+    } else if (value != null && (value.constructor.name || '').toLowerCase() === 'objectid') {
+      return new oid(value.toHexString());
+    }
+
+    return this._castRef(value, doc, init);
+  }
+
+  let castObjectId;
+  if (typeof this._castFunction === 'function') {
+    castObjectId = this._castFunction;
+  } else if (typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function') {
+    castObjectId = this.constructor.cast();
+  } else {
+    castObjectId = ObjectId.cast();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return castObjectId(value);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new CastError('ObjectId', value, this.path, error, this);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.cast(val);
+}
+
+ObjectId.prototype.$conditionalHandlers =
+    utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {
+      $gt: handleSingle,
+      $gte: handleSingle,
+      $lt: handleSingle,
+      $lte: handleSingle
+    });
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function defaultId() {
+  return new oid();
+}
+
+defaultId.$runBeforeSetters = true;
+
+function resetId(v) {
+  Document || (Document = require('./../document'));
+
+  if (this instanceof Document) {
+    if (v === void 0) {
+      const _v = new oid;
+      this.$__._id = _v;
+      return _v;
+    }
+
+    this.$__._id = v;
+  }
+
+  return v;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = ObjectId;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/bitwise.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/bitwise.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07e18cd0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/bitwise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*!
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const CastError = require('../../error/cast');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleBitwiseOperator(val) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val.map(function(v) {
+      return _castNumber(_this.path, v);
+    });
+  } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
+    return val;
+  }
+  // Assume trying to cast to number
+  return _castNumber(_this.path, val);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _castNumber(path, num) {
+  const v = Number(num);
+  if (isNaN(v)) {
+    throw new CastError('number', num, path);
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+module.exports = handleBitwiseOperator;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/exists.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/exists.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..916b4cbf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/exists.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const castBoolean = require('../../cast/boolean');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val) {
+  const path = this != null ? this.path : null;
+  return castBoolean(val, path);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/geospatial.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/geospatial.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80a605207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/geospatial.js
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*!
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const castArraysOfNumbers = require('./helpers').castArraysOfNumbers;
+const castToNumber = require('./helpers').castToNumber;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.cast$geoIntersects = cast$geoIntersects;
+exports.cast$near = cast$near;
+exports.cast$within = cast$within;
+
+function cast$near(val) {
+  const SchemaArray = require('../array');
+
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    castArraysOfNumbers(val, this);
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  _castMinMaxDistance(this, val);
+
+  if (val && val.$geometry) {
+    return cast$geometry(val, this);
+  }
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    throw new TypeError('$near must be either an array or an object ' +
+      'with a $geometry property');
+  }
+
+  return SchemaArray.prototype.castForQuery.call(this, val);
+}
+
+function cast$geometry(val, self) {
+  switch (val.$geometry.type) {
+    case 'Polygon':
+    case 'LineString':
+    case 'Point':
+      castArraysOfNumbers(val.$geometry.coordinates, self);
+      break;
+    default:
+      // ignore unknowns
+      break;
+  }
+
+  _castMinMaxDistance(self, val);
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+function cast$within(val) {
+  _castMinMaxDistance(this, val);
+
+  if (val.$box || val.$polygon) {
+    const type = val.$box ? '$box' : '$polygon';
+    val[type].forEach(arr => {
+      if (!Array.isArray(arr)) {
+        const msg = 'Invalid $within $box argument. '
+            + 'Expected an array, received ' + arr;
+        throw new TypeError(msg);
+      }
+      arr.forEach((v, i) => {
+        arr[i] = castToNumber.call(this, v);
+      });
+    });
+  } else if (val.$center || val.$centerSphere) {
+    const type = val.$center ? '$center' : '$centerSphere';
+    val[type].forEach((item, i) => {
+      if (Array.isArray(item)) {
+        item.forEach((v, j) => {
+          item[j] = castToNumber.call(this, v);
+        });
+      } else {
+        val[type][i] = castToNumber.call(this, item);
+      }
+    });
+  } else if (val.$geometry) {
+    cast$geometry(val, this);
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+function cast$geoIntersects(val) {
+  const geo = val.$geometry;
+  if (!geo) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cast$geometry(val, this);
+  return val;
+}
+
+function _castMinMaxDistance(self, val) {
+  if (val.$maxDistance) {
+    val.$maxDistance = castToNumber.call(self, val.$maxDistance);
+  }
+  if (val.$minDistance) {
+    val.$minDistance = castToNumber.call(self, val.$minDistance);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/helpers.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/helpers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a17951cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/helpers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+const SchemaNumber = require('../number');
+
+/*!
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+exports.castToNumber = castToNumber;
+exports.castArraysOfNumbers = castArraysOfNumbers;
+
+/*!
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+function castToNumber(val) {
+  return SchemaNumber.cast()(val);
+}
+
+function castArraysOfNumbers(arr, self) {
+  arr.forEach(function(v, i) {
+    if (Array.isArray(v)) {
+      castArraysOfNumbers(v, self);
+    } else {
+      arr[i] = castToNumber.call(self, v);
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/text.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/text.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b959168d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/text.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const CastError = require('../../error/cast');
+const castBoolean = require('../../cast/boolean');
+const castString = require('../../cast/string');
+
+/*!
+ * Casts val to an object suitable for `$text`. Throws an error if the object
+ * can't be casted.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} val value to cast
+ * @param {String} [path] path to associate with any errors that occured
+ * @return {Object} casted object
+ * @see https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/text/
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, path) {
+  if (val == null || typeof val !== 'object') {
+    throw new CastError('$text', val, path);
+  }
+
+  if (val.$search != null) {
+    val.$search = castString(val.$search, path + '.$search');
+  }
+  if (val.$language != null) {
+    val.$language = castString(val.$language, path + '.$language');
+  }
+  if (val.$caseSensitive != null) {
+    val.$caseSensitive = castBoolean(val.$caseSensitive,
+      path + '.$castSensitive');
+  }
+  if (val.$diacriticSensitive != null) {
+    val.$diacriticSensitive = castBoolean(val.$diacriticSensitive,
+      path + '.$diacriticSensitive');
+  }
+
+  return val;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/type.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..952c79007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/operators/type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val) {
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    if (!val.every(v => typeof v === 'number' || typeof v === 'string')) {
+      throw new Error('$type array values must be strings or numbers');
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof val !== 'number' && typeof val !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error('$type parameter must be number, string, or array of numbers and strings');
+  }
+
+  return val;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/string.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/string.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6778b5c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/string.js
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const SchemaType = require('../schematype');
+const MongooseError = require('../error/index');
+const SchemaStringOptions = require('../options/SchemaStringOptions');
+const castString = require('../cast/string');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+const CastError = SchemaType.CastError;
+
+/**
+ * String SchemaType constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @inherits SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaString(key, options) {
+  this.enumValues = [];
+  this.regExp = null;
+  SchemaType.call(this, key, options, 'String');
+}
+
+/**
+ * This schema type's name, to defend against minifiers that mangle
+ * function names.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+SchemaString.schemaName = 'String';
+
+SchemaString.defaultOptions = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Inherits from SchemaType.
+ */
+SchemaString.prototype = Object.create(SchemaType.prototype);
+SchemaString.prototype.constructor = SchemaString;
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaString.prototype, 'OptionsConstructor', {
+  configurable: false,
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: false,
+  value: SchemaStringOptions
+});
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaString._cast = castString;
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to strings.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Throw an error if you pass in an object. Normally, Mongoose allows
+ *     // objects with custom `toString()` functions.
+ *     const original = mongoose.Schema.Types.String.cast();
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.cast(v => {
+ *       assert.ok(v == null || typeof v !== 'object');
+ *       return original(v);
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // Or disable casting entirely
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.cast(false);
+ *
+ * @param {Function} caster
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this._defaultCaster;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaString._defaultCaster = v => {
+  if (v != null && typeof v !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a getter for all String instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all numbers round down
+ *     mongoose.Schema.String.get(v => v.toLowerCase());
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', new Schema({ test: String }));
+ *     new Model({ test: 'FOO' }).test; // 'foo'
+ *
+ * @param {Function} getter
+ * @return {this}
+ * @function get
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.get = SchemaType.get;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for all String instances.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all strings have option `trim` equal to true.
+ *     mongoose.Schema.String.set('trim', true);
+ *
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', new Schema({ name: String }));
+ *     new User({ name: '   John Doe   ' }).name; // 'John Doe'
+ *
+ * @param {String} option - The option you'd like to set the value for
+ * @param {*} value - value for option
+ * @return {undefined}
+ * @function set
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.set = SchemaType.set;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaString._checkRequired = v => (v instanceof String || typeof v === 'string') && v.length;
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a string
+ * passes the `required` check.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Allow empty strings to pass `required` check
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.checkRequired(v => v != null);
+ *
+ *     const M = mongoose.model({ str: { type: String, required: true } });
+ *     new M({ str: '' }).validateSync(); // `null`, validation passes!
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @static
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.checkRequired = SchemaType.checkRequired;
+
+/**
+ * Adds an enum validator
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const states = ['opening', 'open', 'closing', 'closed']
+ *     const s = new Schema({ state: { type: String, enum: states }})
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ state: 'invalid' })
+ *     m.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(String(err)) // ValidationError: `invalid` is not a valid enum value for path `state`.
+ *       m.state = 'open'
+ *       m.save(callback) // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // or with custom error messages
+ *     const enum = {
+ *       values: ['opening', 'open', 'closing', 'closed'],
+ *       message: 'enum validator failed for path `{PATH}` with value `{VALUE}`'
+ *     }
+ *     const s = new Schema({ state: { type: String, enum: enum })
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ state: 'invalid' })
+ *     m.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(String(err)) // ValidationError: enum validator failed for path `state` with value `invalid`
+ *       m.state = 'open'
+ *       m.save(callback) // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} [args...] enumeration values
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.enum = function() {
+  if (this.enumValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.enumValidator;
+    }, this);
+    this.enumValidator = false;
+  }
+
+  if (arguments[0] === void 0 || arguments[0] === false) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  let values;
+  let errorMessage;
+
+  if (utils.isObject(arguments[0])) {
+    if (Array.isArray(arguments[0].values)) {
+      values = arguments[0].values;
+      errorMessage = arguments[0].message;
+    } else {
+      values = utils.object.vals(arguments[0]);
+      errorMessage = MongooseError.messages.String.enum;
+    }
+  } else {
+    values = arguments;
+    errorMessage = MongooseError.messages.String.enum;
+  }
+
+  for (const value of values) {
+    if (value !== undefined) {
+      this.enumValues.push(this.cast(value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  const vals = this.enumValues;
+  this.enumValidator = function(v) {
+    return undefined === v || ~vals.indexOf(v);
+  };
+  this.validators.push({
+    validator: this.enumValidator,
+    message: errorMessage,
+    type: 'enum',
+    enumValues: vals
+  });
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a lowercase [setter](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ email: { type: String, lowercase: true }})
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s);
+ *     const m = new M({ email: 'SomeEmail@example.COM' });
+ *     console.log(m.email) // someemail@example.com
+ *     M.find({ email: 'SomeEmail@example.com' }); // Queries by 'someemail@example.com'
+ *
+ * Note that `lowercase` does **not** affect regular expression queries:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     // Still queries for documents whose `email` matches the regular
+ *     // expression /SomeEmail/. Mongoose does **not** convert the RegExp
+ *     // to lowercase.
+ *     M.find({ email: /SomeEmail/ });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.lowercase = function(shouldApply) {
+  if (arguments.length > 0 && !shouldApply) {
+    return this;
+  }
+  return this.set(function(v, self) {
+    if (typeof v !== 'string') {
+      v = self.cast(v);
+    }
+    if (v) {
+      return v.toLowerCase();
+    }
+    return v;
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds an uppercase [setter](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ caps: { type: String, uppercase: true }})
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s);
+ *     const m = new M({ caps: 'an example' });
+ *     console.log(m.caps) // AN EXAMPLE
+ *     M.find({ caps: 'an example' }) // Matches documents where caps = 'AN EXAMPLE'
+ *
+ * Note that `uppercase` does **not** affect regular expression queries:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     // Mongoose does **not** convert the RegExp to uppercase.
+ *     M.find({ email: /an example/ });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.uppercase = function(shouldApply) {
+  if (arguments.length > 0 && !shouldApply) {
+    return this;
+  }
+  return this.set(function(v, self) {
+    if (typeof v !== 'string') {
+      v = self.cast(v);
+    }
+    if (v) {
+      return v.toUpperCase();
+    }
+    return v;
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a trim [setter](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-set).
+ *
+ * The string value will be trimmed when set.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, trim: true }});
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s);
+ *     const string = ' some name ';
+ *     console.log(string.length); // 11
+ *     const m = new M({ name: string });
+ *     console.log(m.name.length); // 9
+ *
+ *     // Equivalent to `findOne({ name: string.trim() })`
+ *     M.findOne({ name: string });
+ *
+ * Note that `trim` does **not** affect regular expression queries:
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     // Mongoose does **not** trim whitespace from the RegExp.
+ *     M.find({ name: / some name / });
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.trim = function(shouldTrim) {
+  if (arguments.length > 0 && !shouldTrim) {
+    return this;
+  }
+  return this.set(function(v, self) {
+    if (typeof v !== 'string') {
+      v = self.cast(v);
+    }
+    if (v) {
+      return v.trim();
+    }
+    return v;
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a minimum length validator.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ postalCode: { type: String, minlength: 5 })
+ *     const Address = db.model('Address', schema)
+ *     const address = new Address({ postalCode: '9512' })
+ *     address.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(err) // validator error
+ *       address.postalCode = '95125';
+ *       address.save() // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // custom error messages
+ *     // We can also use the special {MINLENGTH} token which will be replaced with the minimum allowed length
+ *     const minlength = [5, 'The value of path `{PATH}` (`{VALUE}`) is shorter than the minimum allowed length ({MINLENGTH}).'];
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ postalCode: { type: String, minlength: minlength })
+ *     const Address = mongoose.model('Address', schema);
+ *     const address = new Address({ postalCode: '9512' });
+ *     address.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // ValidationError: The value of path `postalCode` (`9512`) is shorter than the minimum length (5).
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Number} value minimum string length
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.minlength = function(value, message) {
+  if (this.minlengthValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.minlengthValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
+    let msg = message || MongooseError.messages.String.minlength;
+    msg = msg.replace(/{MINLENGTH}/, value);
+    this.validators.push({
+      validator: this.minlengthValidator = function(v) {
+        return v === null || v.length >= value;
+      },
+      message: msg,
+      type: 'minlength',
+      minlength: value
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+SchemaString.prototype.minLength = SchemaString.prototype.minlength;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a maximum length validator.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ postalCode: { type: String, maxlength: 9 })
+ *     const Address = db.model('Address', schema)
+ *     const address = new Address({ postalCode: '9512512345' })
+ *     address.save(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(err) // validator error
+ *       address.postalCode = '95125';
+ *       address.save() // success
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // custom error messages
+ *     // We can also use the special {MAXLENGTH} token which will be replaced with the maximum allowed length
+ *     const maxlength = [9, 'The value of path `{PATH}` (`{VALUE}`) exceeds the maximum allowed length ({MAXLENGTH}).'];
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ postalCode: { type: String, maxlength: maxlength })
+ *     const Address = mongoose.model('Address', schema);
+ *     const address = new Address({ postalCode: '9512512345' });
+ *     address.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // ValidationError: The value of path `postalCode` (`9512512345`) exceeds the maximum allowed length (9).
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Number} value maximum string length
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.maxlength = function(value, message) {
+  if (this.maxlengthValidator) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.maxlengthValidator;
+    }, this);
+  }
+
+  if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
+    let msg = message || MongooseError.messages.String.maxlength;
+    msg = msg.replace(/{MAXLENGTH}/, value);
+    this.validators.push({
+      validator: this.maxlengthValidator = function(v) {
+        return v === null || v.length <= value;
+      },
+      message: msg,
+      type: 'maxlength',
+      maxlength: value
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+SchemaString.prototype.maxLength = SchemaString.prototype.maxlength;
+
+/**
+ * Sets a regexp validator.
+ *
+ * Any value that does not pass `regExp`.test(val) will fail validation.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, match: /^a/ }})
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s)
+ *     const m = new M({ name: 'I am invalid' })
+ *     m.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.error(String(err)) // "ValidationError: Path `name` is invalid (I am invalid)."
+ *       m.name = 'apples'
+ *       m.validate(function (err) {
+ *         assert.ok(err) // success
+ *       })
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // using a custom error message
+ *     const match = [ /\.html$/, "That file doesn't end in .html ({VALUE})" ];
+ *     const s = new Schema({ file: { type: String, match: match }})
+ *     const M = db.model('M', s);
+ *     const m = new M({ file: 'invalid' });
+ *     m.validate(function (err) {
+ *       console.log(String(err)) // "ValidationError: That file doesn't end in .html (invalid)"
+ *     })
+ *
+ * Empty strings, `undefined`, and `null` values always pass the match validator. If you require these values, enable the `required` validator also.
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, match: /^a/, required: true }})
+ *
+ * @param {RegExp} regExp regular expression to test against
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.match = function match(regExp, message) {
+  // yes, we allow multiple match validators
+
+  const msg = message || MongooseError.messages.String.match;
+
+  const matchValidator = function(v) {
+    if (!regExp) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // In case RegExp happens to have `/g` flag set, we need to reset the
+    // `lastIndex`, otherwise `match` will intermittently fail.
+    regExp.lastIndex = 0;
+
+    const ret = ((v != null && v !== '')
+      ? regExp.test(v)
+      : true);
+    return ret;
+  };
+
+  this.validators.push({
+    validator: matchValidator,
+    message: msg,
+    type: 'regexp',
+    regexp: regExp
+  });
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if the given value satisfies the `required` validator. The value is
+ * considered valid if it is a string (that is, not `null` or `undefined`) and
+ * has positive length. The `required` validator **will** fail for empty
+ * strings.
+ *
+ * @param {Any} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.checkRequired = function checkRequired(value, doc) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, true)) {
+    return !!value;
+  }
+
+  // `require('util').inherits()` does **not** copy static properties, and
+  // plugins like mongoose-float use `inherits()` for pre-ES6.
+  const _checkRequired = typeof this.constructor.checkRequired == 'function' ?
+    this.constructor.checkRequired() :
+    SchemaString.checkRequired();
+
+  return _checkRequired(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Casts to String
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.cast = function(value, doc, init) {
+  if (SchemaType._isRef(this, value, doc, init)) {
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    return this._castRef(value, doc, init);
+  }
+
+  let castString;
+  if (typeof this._castFunction === 'function') {
+    castString = this._castFunction;
+  } else if (typeof this.constructor.cast === 'function') {
+    castString = this.constructor.cast();
+  } else {
+    castString = SchemaString.cast();
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return castString(value);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new CastError('string', value, this.path, null, this);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.castForQuery(val);
+}
+
+function handleArray(val) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return [this.castForQuery(val)];
+  }
+  return val.map(function(m) {
+    return _this.castForQuery(m);
+  });
+}
+
+const $conditionalHandlers = utils.options(SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers, {
+  $all: handleArray,
+  $gt: handleSingle,
+  $gte: handleSingle,
+  $lt: handleSingle,
+  $lte: handleSingle,
+  $options: String,
+  $regex: handleSingle,
+  $not: handleSingle
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(SchemaString.prototype, '$conditionalHandlers', {
+  configurable: false,
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: false,
+  value: Object.freeze($conditionalHandlers)
+});
+
+/**
+ * Casts contents for queries.
+ *
+ * @param {String} $conditional
+ * @param {any} [val]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaString.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val) {
+  let handler;
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+    if (!handler) {
+      throw new Error('Can\'t use ' + $conditional + ' with String.');
+    }
+    return handler.call(this, val);
+  }
+  val = $conditional;
+  if (Object.prototype.toString.call(val) === '[object RegExp]') {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  return this._castForQuery(val);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = SchemaString;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/symbols.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/symbols.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08d1d27ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schema/symbols.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+'use strict';
+
+exports.schemaMixedSymbol = Symbol.for('mongoose:schema_mixed');
+
+exports.builtInMiddleware = Symbol.for('mongoose:built-in-middleware');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schematype.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schematype.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62a714f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/schematype.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1672 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const MongooseError = require('./error/index');
+const SchemaTypeOptions = require('./options/SchemaTypeOptions');
+const $exists = require('./schema/operators/exists');
+const $type = require('./schema/operators/type');
+const get = require('./helpers/get');
+const handleImmutable = require('./helpers/schematype/handleImmutable');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+const schemaTypeSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').schemaTypeSymbol;
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('./utils');
+const validatorErrorSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').validatorErrorSymbol;
+const documentIsModified = require('./helpers/symbols').documentIsModified;
+
+const populateModelSymbol = require('./helpers/symbols').populateModelSymbol;
+
+const CastError = MongooseError.CastError;
+const ValidatorError = MongooseError.ValidatorError;
+
+/**
+ * SchemaType constructor. Do **not** instantiate `SchemaType` directly.
+ * Mongoose converts your schema paths into SchemaTypes automatically.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     schema.path('name') instanceof SchemaType; // true
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {SchemaTypeOptions} [options] See [SchemaTypeOptions docs](/docs/api/schematypeoptions.html)
+ * @param {String} [instance]
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function SchemaType(path, options, instance) {
+  this[schemaTypeSymbol] = true;
+  this.path = path;
+  this.instance = instance;
+  this.validators = [];
+  this.getters = this.constructor.hasOwnProperty('getters') ?
+    this.constructor.getters.slice() :
+    [];
+  this.setters = [];
+
+  this.splitPath();
+
+  options = options || {};
+  const defaultOptions = this.constructor.defaultOptions || {};
+  const defaultOptionsKeys = Object.keys(defaultOptions);
+
+  for (const option of defaultOptionsKeys) {
+    if (defaultOptions.hasOwnProperty(option) && !options.hasOwnProperty(option)) {
+      options[option] = defaultOptions[option];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.select == null) {
+    delete options.select;
+  }
+
+  const Options = this.OptionsConstructor || SchemaTypeOptions;
+  this.options = new Options(options);
+  this._index = null;
+
+
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(this.options, 'immutable')) {
+    this.$immutable = this.options.immutable;
+
+    handleImmutable(this);
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(this.options);
+  for (const prop of keys) {
+    if (prop === 'cast') {
+      this.castFunction(this.options[prop]);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(this.options, prop) && typeof this[prop] === 'function') {
+      // { unique: true, index: true }
+      if (prop === 'index' && this._index) {
+        if (options.index === false) {
+          const index = this._index;
+          if (typeof index === 'object' && index != null) {
+            if (index.unique) {
+              throw new Error('Path "' + this.path + '" may not have `index` ' +
+                'set to false and `unique` set to true');
+            }
+            if (index.sparse) {
+              throw new Error('Path "' + this.path + '" may not have `index` ' +
+                'set to false and `sparse` set to true');
+            }
+          }
+
+          this._index = false;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const val = options[prop];
+      // Special case so we don't screw up array defaults, see gh-5780
+      if (prop === 'default') {
+        this.default(val);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const opts = Array.isArray(val) ? val : [val];
+
+      this[prop].apply(this, opts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, '$$context', {
+    enumerable: false,
+    configurable: false,
+    writable: true,
+    value: null
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * The class that Mongoose uses internally to instantiate this SchemaType's `options` property.
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.OptionsConstructor = SchemaTypeOptions;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.splitPath = function() {
+  if (this._presplitPath != null) {
+    return this._presplitPath;
+  }
+  if (this.path == null) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  this._presplitPath = this.path.indexOf('.') === -1 ? [this.path] : this.path.split('.');
+  return this._presplitPath;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to this type.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Disallow `null` for numbers, and don't try to cast any values to
+ *     // numbers, so even strings like '123' will cause a CastError.
+ *     mongoose.Number.cast(function(v) {
+ *       assert.ok(v === undefined || typeof v === 'number');
+ *       return v;
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Function|false} caster Function that casts arbitrary values to this type, or throws an error if casting failed
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @static
+ * @receiver SchemaType
+ * @function cast
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.cast = function cast(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._cast;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = v => v;
+  }
+  this._cast = caster;
+
+  return this._cast;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get/set the function used to cast arbitrary values to this particular schematype instance.
+ * Overrides `SchemaType.cast()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Disallow `null` for numbers, and don't try to cast any values to
+ *     // numbers, so even strings like '123' will cause a CastError.
+ *     const number = new mongoose.Number('mypath', {});
+ *     number.cast(function(v) {
+ *       assert.ok(v === undefined || typeof v === 'number');
+ *       return v;
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Function|false} caster Function that casts arbitrary values to this type, or throws an error if casting failed
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @static
+ * @receiver SchemaType
+ * @function cast
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.castFunction = function castFunction(caster) {
+  if (arguments.length === 0) {
+    return this._castFunction;
+  }
+  if (caster === false) {
+    caster = this.constructor._defaultCaster || (v => v);
+  }
+  this._castFunction = caster;
+
+  return this._castFunction;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The function that Mongoose calls to cast arbitrary values to this SchemaType.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value value to cast
+ * @param {Document} doc document that triggers the casting
+ * @param {Boolean} init
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.cast = function cast() {
+  throw new Error('Base SchemaType class does not implement a `cast()` function');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default option for this schema type.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all strings be trimmed by default
+ *     mongoose.SchemaTypes.String.set('trim', true);
+ *
+ * @param {String} option The name of the option you'd like to set (e.g. trim, lowercase, etc...)
+ * @param {*} value The value of the option you'd like to set.
+ * @return {void}
+ * @static
+ * @receiver SchemaType
+ * @function set
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.set = function set(option, value) {
+  if (!this.hasOwnProperty('defaultOptions')) {
+    this.defaultOptions = Object.assign({}, this.defaultOptions);
+  }
+  this.defaultOptions[option] = value;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a getter for all instances of this schema type.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Make all numbers round down
+ *     mongoose.Number.get(function(v) { return Math.floor(v); });
+ *
+ * @param {Function} getter
+ * @return {this}
+ * @static
+ * @receiver SchemaType
+ * @function get
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.get = function(getter) {
+  this.getters = this.hasOwnProperty('getters') ? this.getters : [];
+  this.getters.push(getter);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets a default value for this SchemaType.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ n: { type: Number, default: 10 })
+ *     const M = db.model('M', schema)
+ *     const m = new M;
+ *     console.log(m.n) // 10
+ *
+ * Defaults can be either `functions` which return the value to use as the default or the literal value itself. Either way, the value will be cast based on its schema type before being set during document creation.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // values are cast:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ aNumber: { type: Number, default: 4.815162342 }})
+ *     const M = db.model('M', schema)
+ *     const m = new M;
+ *     console.log(m.aNumber) // 4.815162342
+ *
+ *     // default unique objects for Mixed types:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ mixed: Schema.Types.Mixed });
+ *     schema.path('mixed').default(function () {
+ *       return {};
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // if we don't use a function to return object literals for Mixed defaults,
+ *     // each document will receive a reference to the same object literal creating
+ *     // a "shared" object instance:
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ mixed: Schema.Types.Mixed });
+ *     schema.path('mixed').default({});
+ *     const M = db.model('M', schema);
+ *     const m1 = new M;
+ *     m1.mixed.added = 1;
+ *     console.log(m1.mixed); // { added: 1 }
+ *     const m2 = new M;
+ *     console.log(m2.mixed); // { added: 1 }
+ *
+ * @param {Function|any} val the default value
+ * @return {defaultValue}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.default = function(val) {
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    if (val === void 0) {
+      this.defaultValue = void 0;
+      return void 0;
+    }
+
+    if (val != null && val.instanceOfSchema) {
+      throw new MongooseError('Cannot set default value of path `' + this.path +
+        '` to a mongoose Schema instance.');
+    }
+
+    this.defaultValue = val;
+    return this.defaultValue;
+  } else if (arguments.length > 1) {
+    this.defaultValue = utils.args(arguments);
+  }
+  return this.defaultValue;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares the index options for this schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, index: true })
+ *     const s = new Schema({ loc: { type: [Number], index: 'hashed' })
+ *     const s = new Schema({ loc: { type: [Number], index: '2d', sparse: true })
+ *     const s = new Schema({ loc: { type: [Number], index: { type: '2dsphere', sparse: true }})
+ *     const s = new Schema({ date: { type: Date, index: { unique: true, expires: '1d' }})
+ *     s.path('my.path').index(true);
+ *     s.path('my.date').index({ expires: 60 });
+ *     s.path('my.path').index({ unique: true, sparse: true });
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * _Indexes are created [in the background](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/index-creation/#index-creation-background)
+ * by default. If `background` is set to `false`, MongoDB will not execute any
+ * read/write operations you send until the index build.
+ * Specify `background: false` to override Mongoose's default._
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Boolean|String} options
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.index = function(options) {
+  this._index = options;
+  utils.expires(this._index);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares an unique index.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, unique: true }});
+ *     s.path('name').index({ unique: true });
+ *
+ * _NOTE: violating the constraint returns an `E11000` error from MongoDB when saving, not a Mongoose validation error._
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} bool
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.unique = function(bool) {
+  if (this._index === false) {
+    if (!bool) {
+      return;
+    }
+    throw new Error('Path "' + this.path + '" may not have `index` set to ' +
+      'false and `unique` set to true');
+  }
+  if (this._index == null || this._index === true) {
+    this._index = {};
+  } else if (typeof this._index === 'string') {
+    this._index = { type: this._index };
+  }
+
+  this._index.unique = bool;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares a full text index.
+ *
+ * ###Example:
+ *
+ *      const s = new Schema({name : {type: String, text : true })
+ *      s.path('name').index({text : true});
+ * @param {Boolean} bool
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.text = function(bool) {
+  if (this._index === false) {
+    if (!bool) {
+      return;
+    }
+    throw new Error('Path "' + this.path + '" may not have `index` set to ' +
+      'false and `text` set to true');
+  }
+
+  if (this._index === null || this._index === undefined ||
+    typeof this._index === 'boolean') {
+    this._index = {};
+  } else if (typeof this._index === 'string') {
+    this._index = { type: this._index };
+  }
+
+  this._index.text = bool;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares a sparse index.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, sparse: true } });
+ *     s.path('name').index({ sparse: true });
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} bool
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.sparse = function(bool) {
+  if (this._index === false) {
+    if (!bool) {
+      return;
+    }
+    throw new Error('Path "' + this.path + '" may not have `index` set to ' +
+      'false and `sparse` set to true');
+  }
+
+  if (this._index == null || typeof this._index === 'boolean') {
+    this._index = {};
+  } else if (typeof this._index === 'string') {
+    this._index = { type: this._index };
+  }
+
+  this._index.sparse = bool;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines this path as immutable. Mongoose prevents you from changing
+ * immutable paths unless the parent document has [`isNew: true`](/docs/api.html#document_Document-isNew).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       name: { type: String, immutable: true },
+ *       age: Number
+ *     });
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *
+ *     await Model.create({ name: 'test' });
+ *     const doc = await Model.findOne();
+ *
+ *     doc.isNew; // false
+ *     doc.name = 'new name';
+ *     doc.name; // 'test', because `name` is immutable
+ *
+ * Mongoose also prevents changing immutable properties using `updateOne()`
+ * and `updateMany()` based on [strict mode](/docs/guide.html#strict).
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Mongoose will strip out the `name` update, because `name` is immutable
+ *     Model.updateOne({}, { $set: { name: 'test2' }, $inc: { age: 1 } });
+ *
+ *     // If `strict` is set to 'throw', Mongoose will throw an error if you
+ *     // update `name`
+ *     const err = await Model.updateOne({}, { name: 'test2' }, { strict: 'throw' }).
+ *       then(() => null, err => err);
+ *     err.name; // StrictModeError
+ *
+ *     // If `strict` is `false`, Mongoose allows updating `name` even though
+ *     // the property is immutable.
+ *     Model.updateOne({}, { name: 'test2' }, { strict: false });
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} bool
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see isNew /docs/api.html#document_Document-isNew
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.immutable = function(bool) {
+  this.$immutable = bool;
+  handleImmutable(this);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines a custom function for transforming this path when converting a document to JSON.
+ *
+ * Mongoose calls this function with one parameter: the current `value` of the path. Mongoose
+ * then uses the return value in the JSON output.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({
+ *       date: { type: Date, transform: v => v.getFullYear() }
+ *     });
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *
+ *     await Model.create({ date: new Date('2016-06-01') });
+ *     const doc = await Model.findOne();
+ *
+ *     doc.date instanceof Date; // true
+ *
+ *     doc.toJSON().date; // 2016 as a number
+ *     JSON.stringify(doc); // '{"_id":...,"date":2016}'
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.transform = function(fn) {
+  this.options.transform = fn;
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a setter to this schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     function capitalize (val) {
+ *       if (typeof val !== 'string') val = '';
+ *       return val.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + val.substring(1);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // defining within the schema
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: { type: String, set: capitalize }});
+ *
+ *     // or with the SchemaType
+ *     const s = new Schema({ name: String })
+ *     s.path('name').set(capitalize);
+ *
+ * Setters allow you to transform the data before it gets to the raw mongodb
+ * document or query.
+ *
+ * Suppose you are implementing user registration for a website. Users provide
+ * an email and password, which gets saved to mongodb. The email is a string
+ * that you will want to normalize to lower case, in order to avoid one email
+ * having more than one account -- e.g., otherwise, avenue@q.com can be registered for 2 accounts via avenue@q.com and AvEnUe@Q.CoM.
+ *
+ * You can set up email lower case normalization easily via a Mongoose setter.
+ *
+ *     function toLower(v) {
+ *       return v.toLowerCase();
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     const UserSchema = new Schema({
+ *       email: { type: String, set: toLower }
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     const User = db.model('User', UserSchema);
+ *
+ *     const user = new User({email: 'AVENUE@Q.COM'});
+ *     console.log(user.email); // 'avenue@q.com'
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     const user = new User();
+ *     user.email = 'Avenue@Q.com';
+ *     console.log(user.email); // 'avenue@q.com'
+ *     User.updateOne({ _id: _id }, { $set: { email: 'AVENUE@Q.COM' } }); // update to 'avenue@q.com'
+ *
+ * As you can see above, setters allow you to transform the data before it
+ * stored in MongoDB, or before executing a query.
+ *
+ * _NOTE: we could have also just used the built-in `lowercase: true` SchemaType option instead of defining our own function._
+ *
+ *     new Schema({ email: { type: String, lowercase: true }})
+ *
+ * Setters are also passed a second argument, the schematype on which the setter was defined. This allows for tailored behavior based on options passed in the schema.
+ *
+ *     function inspector (val, schematype) {
+ *       if (schematype.options.required) {
+ *         return schematype.path + ' is required';
+ *       } else {
+ *         return val;
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     const VirusSchema = new Schema({
+ *       name: { type: String, required: true, set: inspector },
+ *       taxonomy: { type: String, set: inspector }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     const Virus = db.model('Virus', VirusSchema);
+ *     const v = new Virus({ name: 'Parvoviridae', taxonomy: 'Parvovirinae' });
+ *
+ *     console.log(v.name);     // name is required
+ *     console.log(v.taxonomy); // Parvovirinae
+ *
+ * You can also use setters to modify other properties on the document. If
+ * you're setting a property `name` on a document, the setter will run with
+ * `this` as the document. Be careful, in mongoose 5 setters will also run
+ * when querying by `name` with `this` as the query.
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * const nameSchema = new Schema({ name: String, keywords: [String] });
+ * nameSchema.path('name').set(function(v) {
+ *   // Need to check if `this` is a document, because in mongoose 5
+ *   // setters will also run on queries, in which case `this` will be a
+ *   // mongoose query object.
+ *   if (this instanceof Document && v != null) {
+ *     this.keywords = v.split(' ');
+ *   }
+ *   return v;
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.set = function(fn) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('A setter must be a function.');
+  }
+  this.setters.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a getter to this schematype.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     function dob (val) {
+ *       if (!val) return val;
+ *       return (val.getMonth() + 1) + "/" + val.getDate() + "/" + val.getFullYear();
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     // defining within the schema
+ *     const s = new Schema({ born: { type: Date, get: dob })
+ *
+ *     // or by retreiving its SchemaType
+ *     const s = new Schema({ born: Date })
+ *     s.path('born').get(dob)
+ *
+ * Getters allow you to transform the representation of the data as it travels from the raw mongodb document to the value that you see.
+ *
+ * Suppose you are storing credit card numbers and you want to hide everything except the last 4 digits to the mongoose user. You can do so by defining a getter in the following way:
+ *
+ *     function obfuscate (cc) {
+ *       return '****-****-****-' + cc.slice(cc.length-4, cc.length);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     const AccountSchema = new Schema({
+ *       creditCardNumber: { type: String, get: obfuscate }
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     const Account = db.model('Account', AccountSchema);
+ *
+ *     Account.findById(id, function (err, found) {
+ *       console.log(found.creditCardNumber); // '****-****-****-1234'
+ *     });
+ *
+ * Getters are also passed a second argument, the schematype on which the getter was defined. This allows for tailored behavior based on options passed in the schema.
+ *
+ *     function inspector (val, schematype) {
+ *       if (schematype.options.required) {
+ *         return schematype.path + ' is required';
+ *       } else {
+ *         return schematype.path + ' is not';
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     const VirusSchema = new Schema({
+ *       name: { type: String, required: true, get: inspector },
+ *       taxonomy: { type: String, get: inspector }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     const Virus = db.model('Virus', VirusSchema);
+ *
+ *     Virus.findById(id, function (err, virus) {
+ *       console.log(virus.name);     // name is required
+ *       console.log(virus.taxonomy); // taxonomy is not
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.get = function(fn) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('A getter must be a function.');
+  }
+  this.getters.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds validator(s) for this document path.
+ *
+ * Validators always receive the value to validate as their first argument and
+ * must return `Boolean`. Returning `false` or throwing an error means
+ * validation failed.
+ *
+ * The error message argument is optional. If not passed, the [default generic error message template](#error_messages_MongooseError-messages) will be used.
+ *
+ * ####Examples:
+ *
+ *     // make sure every value is equal to "something"
+ *     function validator (val) {
+ *       return val == 'something';
+ *     }
+ *     new Schema({ name: { type: String, validate: validator }});
+ *
+ *     // with a custom error message
+ *
+ *     const custom = [validator, 'Uh oh, {PATH} does not equal "something".']
+ *     new Schema({ name: { type: String, validate: custom }});
+ *
+ *     // adding many validators at a time
+ *
+ *     const many = [
+ *         { validator: validator, msg: 'uh oh' }
+ *       , { validator: anotherValidator, msg: 'failed' }
+ *     ]
+ *     new Schema({ name: { type: String, validate: many }});
+ *
+ *     // or utilizing SchemaType methods directly:
+ *
+ *     const schema = new Schema({ name: 'string' });
+ *     schema.path('name').validate(validator, 'validation of `{PATH}` failed with value `{VALUE}`');
+ *
+ * ####Error message templates:
+ *
+ * From the examples above, you may have noticed that error messages support
+ * basic templating. There are a few other template keywords besides `{PATH}`
+ * and `{VALUE}` too. To find out more, details are available
+ * [here](#error_messages_MongooseError.messages).
+ *
+ * If Mongoose's built-in error message templating isn't enough, Mongoose
+ * supports setting the `message` property to a function.
+ *
+ *     schema.path('name').validate({
+ *       validator: function() { return v.length > 5; },
+ *       // `errors['name']` will be "name must have length 5, got 'foo'"
+ *       message: function(props) {
+ *         return `${props.path} must have length 5, got '${props.value}'`;
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * To bypass Mongoose's error messages and just copy the error message that
+ * the validator throws, do this:
+ *
+ *     schema.path('name').validate({
+ *       validator: function() { throw new Error('Oops!'); },
+ *       // `errors['name']` will be "Oops!"
+ *       message: function(props) { return props.reason.message; }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * ####Asynchronous validation:
+ *
+ * Mongoose supports validators that return a promise. A validator that returns
+ * a promise is called an _async validator_. Async validators run in
+ * parallel, and `validate()` will wait until all async validators have settled.
+ *
+ *     schema.path('name').validate({
+ *       validator: function (value) {
+ *         return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+ *           resolve(false); // validation failed
+ *         });
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * You might use asynchronous validators to retreive other documents from the database to validate against or to meet other I/O bound validation needs.
+ *
+ * Validation occurs `pre('save')` or whenever you manually execute [document#validate](#document_Document-validate).
+ *
+ * If validation fails during `pre('save')` and no callback was passed to receive the error, an `error` event will be emitted on your Models associated db [connection](#connection_Connection), passing the validation error object along.
+ *
+ *     const conn = mongoose.createConnection(..);
+ *     conn.on('error', handleError);
+ *
+ *     const Product = conn.model('Product', yourSchema);
+ *     const dvd = new Product(..);
+ *     dvd.save(); // emits error on the `conn` above
+ *
+ * If you want to handle these errors at the Model level, add an `error`
+ * listener to your Model as shown below.
+ *
+ *     // registering an error listener on the Model lets us handle errors more locally
+ *     Product.on('error', handleError);
+ *
+ * @param {RegExp|Function|Object} obj validator function, or hash describing options
+ * @param {Function} [obj.validator] validator function. If the validator function returns `undefined` or a truthy value, validation succeeds. If it returns [falsy](https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/falsy) (except `undefined`) or throws an error, validation fails.
+ * @param {String|Function} [obj.message] optional error message. If function, should return the error message as a string
+ * @param {Boolean} [obj.propsParameter=false] If true, Mongoose will pass the validator properties object (with the `validator` function, `message`, etc.) as the 2nd arg to the validator function. This is disabled by default because many validators [rely on positional args](https://github.com/chriso/validator.js#validators), so turning this on may cause unpredictable behavior in external validators.
+ * @param {String|Function} [errorMsg] optional error message. If function, should return the error message as a string
+ * @param {String} [type] optional validator type
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.validate = function(obj, message, type) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'function' || obj && utils.getFunctionName(obj.constructor) === 'RegExp') {
+    let properties;
+    if (typeof message === 'function') {
+      properties = { validator: obj, message: message };
+      properties.type = type || 'user defined';
+    } else if (message instanceof Object && !type) {
+      properties = utils.clone(message);
+      if (!properties.message) {
+        properties.message = properties.msg;
+      }
+      properties.validator = obj;
+      properties.type = properties.type || 'user defined';
+    } else {
+      if (message == null) {
+        message = MongooseError.messages.general.default;
+      }
+      if (!type) {
+        type = 'user defined';
+      }
+      properties = { message: message, type: type, validator: obj };
+    }
+
+    if (properties.isAsync) {
+      handleIsAsync();
+    }
+
+    this.validators.push(properties);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  let i;
+  let length;
+  let arg;
+
+  for (i = 0, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+    arg = arguments[i];
+    if (!utils.isPOJO(arg)) {
+      const msg = 'Invalid validator. Received (' + typeof arg + ') '
+          + arg
+          + '. See http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schematype_SchemaType-validate';
+
+      throw new Error(msg);
+    }
+    this.validate(arg.validator, arg);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const handleIsAsync = util.deprecate(function handleIsAsync() {},
+  'Mongoose: the `isAsync` option for custom validators is deprecated. Make ' +
+  'your async validators return a promise instead: ' +
+  'https://mongoosejs.com/docs/validation.html#async-custom-validators');
+
+/**
+ * Adds a required validator to this SchemaType. The validator gets added
+ * to the front of this SchemaType's validators array using `unshift()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ born: { type: Date, required: true })
+ *
+ *     // or with custom error message
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({ born: { type: Date, required: '{PATH} is required!' })
+ *
+ *     // or with a function
+ *
+ *     const s = new Schema({
+ *       userId: ObjectId,
+ *       username: {
+ *         type: String,
+ *         required: function() { return this.userId != null; }
+ *       }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // or with a function and a custom message
+ *     const s = new Schema({
+ *       userId: ObjectId,
+ *       username: {
+ *         type: String,
+ *         required: [
+ *           function() { return this.userId != null; },
+ *           'username is required if id is specified'
+ *         ]
+ *       }
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     // or through the path API
+ *
+ *     s.path('name').required(true);
+ *
+ *     // with custom error messaging
+ *
+ *     s.path('name').required(true, 'grrr :( ');
+ *
+ *     // or make a path conditionally required based on a function
+ *     const isOver18 = function() { return this.age >= 18; };
+ *     s.path('voterRegistrationId').required(isOver18);
+ *
+ * The required validator uses the SchemaType's `checkRequired` function to
+ * determine whether a given value satisfies the required validator. By default,
+ * a value satisfies the required validator if `val != null` (that is, if
+ * the value is not null nor undefined). However, most built-in mongoose schema
+ * types override the default `checkRequired` function:
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean|Function|Object} required enable/disable the validator, or function that returns required boolean, or options object
+ * @param {Boolean|Function} [options.isRequired] enable/disable the validator, or function that returns required boolean
+ * @param {Function} [options.ErrorConstructor] custom error constructor. The constructor receives 1 parameter, an object containing the validator properties.
+ * @param {String} [message] optional custom error message
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @see Customized Error Messages #error_messages_MongooseError-messages
+ * @see SchemaArray#checkRequired #schema_array_SchemaArray.checkRequired
+ * @see SchemaBoolean#checkRequired #schema_boolean_SchemaBoolean-checkRequired
+ * @see SchemaBuffer#checkRequired #schema_buffer_SchemaBuffer.schemaName
+ * @see SchemaNumber#checkRequired #schema_number_SchemaNumber-min
+ * @see SchemaObjectId#checkRequired #schema_objectid_ObjectId-auto
+ * @see SchemaString#checkRequired #schema_string_SchemaString-checkRequired
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.required = function(required, message) {
+  let customOptions = {};
+
+  if (arguments.length > 0 && required == null) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.requiredValidator;
+    }, this);
+
+    this.isRequired = false;
+    delete this.originalRequiredValue;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof required === 'object') {
+    customOptions = required;
+    message = customOptions.message || message;
+    required = required.isRequired;
+  }
+
+  if (required === false) {
+    this.validators = this.validators.filter(function(v) {
+      return v.validator !== this.requiredValidator;
+    }, this);
+
+    this.isRequired = false;
+    delete this.originalRequiredValue;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const _this = this;
+  this.isRequired = true;
+
+  this.requiredValidator = function(v) {
+    const cachedRequired = get(this, '$__.cachedRequired');
+
+    // no validation when this path wasn't selected in the query.
+    if (cachedRequired != null && !this.$__isSelected(_this.path) && !this[documentIsModified](_this.path)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // `$cachedRequired` gets set in `_evaluateRequiredFunctions()` so we
+    // don't call required functions multiple times in one validate call
+    // See gh-6801
+    if (cachedRequired != null && _this.path in cachedRequired) {
+      const res = cachedRequired[_this.path] ?
+        _this.checkRequired(v, this) :
+        true;
+      delete cachedRequired[_this.path];
+      return res;
+    } else if (typeof required === 'function') {
+      return required.apply(this) ? _this.checkRequired(v, this) : true;
+    }
+
+    return _this.checkRequired(v, this);
+  };
+  this.originalRequiredValue = required;
+
+  if (typeof required === 'string') {
+    message = required;
+    required = undefined;
+  }
+
+  const msg = message || MongooseError.messages.general.required;
+  this.validators.unshift(Object.assign({}, customOptions, {
+    validator: this.requiredValidator,
+    message: msg,
+    type: 'required'
+  }));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set the model that this path refers to. This is the option that [populate](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html)
+ * looks at to determine the foreign collection it should query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *     const userSchema = new Schema({ name: String });
+ *     const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
+ *
+ *     const postSchema = new Schema({ user: mongoose.ObjectId });
+ *     postSchema.path('user').ref('User'); // Can set ref to a model name
+ *     postSchema.path('user').ref(User); // Or a model class
+ *     postSchema.path('user').ref(() => 'User'); // Or a function that returns the model name
+ *     postSchema.path('user').ref(() => User); // Or a function that returns the model class
+ *
+ *     // Or you can just declare the `ref` inline in your schema
+ *     const postSchema2 = new Schema({
+ *       user: { type: mongoose.ObjectId, ref: User }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {String|Model|Function} ref either a model name, a [Model](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/models.html), or a function that returns a model name or model.
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.ref = function(ref) {
+  this.options.ref = ref;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the default value
+ *
+ * @param {Object} scope the scope which callback are executed
+ * @param {Boolean} init
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.getDefault = function(scope, init) {
+  let ret = typeof this.defaultValue === 'function'
+    ? this.defaultValue.call(scope)
+    : this.defaultValue;
+
+  if (ret !== null && ret !== undefined) {
+    if (typeof ret === 'object' && (!this.options || !this.options.shared)) {
+      ret = utils.clone(ret);
+    }
+
+    const casted = this.applySetters(ret, scope, init);
+    if (casted && casted.$isSingleNested) {
+      casted.$__parent = scope;
+    }
+    return casted;
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Applies setters without casting
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype._applySetters = function(value, scope, init) {
+  let v = value;
+  if (init) {
+    return v;
+  }
+  const setters = this.setters;
+
+  for (let i = setters.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    v = setters[i].call(scope, v, this);
+  }
+
+  return v;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype._castNullish = function _castNullish(v) {
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies setters
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Object} scope
+ * @param {Boolean} init
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.applySetters = function(value, scope, init, priorVal, options) {
+  let v = this._applySetters(value, scope, init, priorVal, options);
+  if (v == null) {
+    return this._castNullish(v);
+  }
+
+  // do not cast until all setters are applied #665
+  v = this.cast(v, scope, init, priorVal, options);
+
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies getters to a value
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Object} scope
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.applyGetters = function(value, scope) {
+  let v = value;
+  const getters = this.getters;
+  const len = getters.length;
+
+  if (len === 0) {
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    v = getters[i].call(scope, v, this);
+  }
+
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets default `select()` behavior for this path.
+ *
+ * Set to `true` if this path should always be included in the results, `false` if it should be excluded by default. This setting can be overridden at the query level.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     T = db.model('T', new Schema({ x: { type: String, select: true }}));
+ *     T.find(..); // field x will always be selected ..
+ *     // .. unless overridden;
+ *     T.find().select('-x').exec(callback);
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} val
+ * @return {SchemaType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.select = function select(val) {
+  this.selected = !!val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Performs a validation of `value` using the validators declared for this SchemaType.
+ *
+ * @param {any} value
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @param {Object} scope
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.doValidate = function(value, fn, scope, options) {
+  let err = false;
+  const path = this.path;
+
+  // Avoid non-object `validators`
+  const validators = this.validators.
+    filter(v => v != null && typeof v === 'object');
+
+  let count = validators.length;
+
+  if (!count) {
+    return fn(null);
+  }
+
+  const _this = this;
+  validators.forEach(function(v) {
+    if (err) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const validator = v.validator;
+    let ok;
+
+    const validatorProperties = utils.clone(v);
+    validatorProperties.path = options && options.path ? options.path : path;
+    validatorProperties.value = value;
+
+    if (validator instanceof RegExp) {
+      validate(validator.test(value), validatorProperties);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof validator !== 'function') {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (value === undefined && validator !== _this.requiredValidator) {
+      validate(true, validatorProperties);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (validatorProperties.isAsync) {
+      asyncValidate(validator, scope, value, validatorProperties, validate);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (validatorProperties.propsParameter) {
+        ok = validator.call(scope, value, validatorProperties);
+      } else {
+        ok = validator.call(scope, value);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      ok = false;
+      validatorProperties.reason = error;
+      if (error.message) {
+        validatorProperties.message = error.message;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ok != null && typeof ok.then === 'function') {
+      ok.then(
+        function(ok) { validate(ok, validatorProperties); },
+        function(error) {
+          validatorProperties.reason = error;
+          validatorProperties.message = error.message;
+          ok = false;
+          validate(ok, validatorProperties);
+        });
+    } else {
+      validate(ok, validatorProperties);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  function validate(ok, validatorProperties) {
+    if (err) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (ok === undefined || ok) {
+      if (--count <= 0) {
+        immediate(function() {
+          fn(null);
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      const ErrorConstructor = validatorProperties.ErrorConstructor || ValidatorError;
+      err = new ErrorConstructor(validatorProperties);
+      err[validatorErrorSymbol] = true;
+      immediate(function() {
+        fn(err);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Handle async validators
+ */
+
+function asyncValidate(validator, scope, value, props, cb) {
+  let called = false;
+  const returnVal = validator.call(scope, value, function(ok, customMsg) {
+    if (called) {
+      return;
+    }
+    called = true;
+    if (customMsg) {
+      props.message = customMsg;
+    }
+    cb(ok, props);
+  });
+  if (typeof returnVal === 'boolean') {
+    called = true;
+    cb(returnVal, props);
+  } else if (returnVal && typeof returnVal.then === 'function') {
+    // Promise
+    returnVal.then(
+      function(ok) {
+        if (called) {
+          return;
+        }
+        called = true;
+        cb(ok, props);
+      },
+      function(error) {
+        if (called) {
+          return;
+        }
+        called = true;
+
+        props.reason = error;
+        props.message = error.message;
+        cb(false, props);
+      });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs a validation of `value` using the validators declared for this SchemaType.
+ *
+ * ####Note:
+ *
+ * This method ignores the asynchronous validators.
+ *
+ * @param {any} value
+ * @param {Object} scope
+ * @return {MongooseError|undefined}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.doValidateSync = function(value, scope, options) {
+  const path = this.path;
+  const count = this.validators.length;
+
+  if (!count) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  let validators = this.validators;
+  if (value === void 0) {
+    if (this.validators.length > 0 && this.validators[0].type === 'required') {
+      validators = [this.validators[0]];
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  let err = null;
+  validators.forEach(function(v) {
+    if (err) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (v == null || typeof v !== 'object') {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const validator = v.validator;
+    const validatorProperties = utils.clone(v);
+    validatorProperties.path = options && options.path ? options.path : path;
+    validatorProperties.value = value;
+    let ok;
+
+    // Skip any explicit async validators. Validators that return a promise
+    // will still run, but won't trigger any errors.
+    if (validator.isAsync) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (validator instanceof RegExp) {
+      validate(validator.test(value), validatorProperties);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof validator !== 'function') {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (validatorProperties.propsParameter) {
+        ok = validator.call(scope, value, validatorProperties);
+      } else {
+        ok = validator.call(scope, value);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      ok = false;
+      validatorProperties.reason = error;
+    }
+
+    // Skip any validators that return a promise, we can't handle those
+    // synchronously
+    if (ok != null && typeof ok.then === 'function') {
+      return;
+    }
+    validate(ok, validatorProperties);
+  });
+
+  return err;
+
+  function validate(ok, validatorProperties) {
+    if (err) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (ok !== undefined && !ok) {
+      const ErrorConstructor = validatorProperties.ErrorConstructor || ValidatorError;
+      err = new ErrorConstructor(validatorProperties);
+      err[validatorErrorSymbol] = true;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if value is a valid Reference.
+ *
+ * @param {SchemaType} self
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @param {Boolean} init
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType._isRef = function(self, value, doc, init) {
+  // fast path
+  let ref = init && self.options && (self.options.ref || self.options.refPath);
+
+  if (!ref && doc && doc.$__ != null) {
+    // checks for
+    // - this populated with adhoc model and no ref was set in schema OR
+    // - setting / pushing values after population
+    const path = doc.$__fullPath(self.path);
+    const owner = doc.ownerDocument ? doc.ownerDocument() : doc;
+    ref = owner.populated(path) || doc.populated(self.path);
+  }
+
+  if (ref) {
+    if (value == null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(value) && // buffers are objects too
+        value._bsontype !== 'Binary' // raw binary value from the db
+        && utils.isObject(value) // might have deselected _id in population query
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    return init;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype._castRef = function _castRef(value, doc, init) {
+  if (value == null) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (value.$__ != null) {
+    value.$__.wasPopulated = true;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // setting a populated path
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(value) || !utils.isObject(value)) {
+    if (init) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    throw new CastError(this.instance, value, this.path, null, this);
+  }
+
+  // Handle the case where user directly sets a populated
+  // path to a plain object; cast to the Model used in
+  // the population query.
+  const path = doc.$__fullPath(this.path);
+  const owner = doc.ownerDocument ? doc.ownerDocument() : doc;
+  const pop = owner.populated(path, true);
+  let ret = value;
+  if (!doc.$__.populated ||
+      !doc.$__.populated[path] ||
+      !doc.$__.populated[path].options ||
+      !doc.$__.populated[path].options.options ||
+      !doc.$__.populated[path].options.options.lean) {
+    ret = new pop.options[populateModelSymbol](value);
+    ret.$__.wasPopulated = true;
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleSingle(val) {
+  return this.castForQuery(val);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function handleArray(val) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return [this.castForQuery(val)];
+  }
+  return val.map(function(m) {
+    return _this.castForQuery(m);
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Just like handleArray, except also allows `[]` because surprisingly
+ * `$in: [1, []]` works fine
+ */
+
+function handle$in(val) {
+  const _this = this;
+  if (!Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return [this.castForQuery(val)];
+  }
+  return val.map(function(m) {
+    if (Array.isArray(m) && m.length === 0) {
+      return m;
+    }
+    return _this.castForQuery(m);
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.$conditionalHandlers = {
+  $all: handleArray,
+  $eq: handleSingle,
+  $in: handle$in,
+  $ne: handleSingle,
+  $nin: handle$in,
+  $exists: $exists,
+  $type: $type
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Wraps `castForQuery` to handle context
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.castForQueryWrapper = function(params) {
+  this.$$context = params.context;
+  if ('$conditional' in params) {
+    const ret = this.castForQuery(params.$conditional, params.val);
+    this.$$context = null;
+    return ret;
+  }
+  if (params.$skipQueryCastForUpdate || params.$applySetters) {
+    const ret = this._castForQuery(params.val);
+    this.$$context = null;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  const ret = this.castForQuery(params.val);
+  this.$$context = null;
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Cast the given value with the given optional query operator.
+ *
+ * @param {String} [$conditional] query operator, like `$eq` or `$in`
+ * @param {any} val
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.castForQuery = function($conditional, val) {
+  let handler;
+  if (arguments.length === 2) {
+    handler = this.$conditionalHandlers[$conditional];
+    if (!handler) {
+      throw new Error('Can\'t use ' + $conditional);
+    }
+    return handler.call(this, val);
+  }
+  val = $conditional;
+  return this._castForQuery(val);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Internal switch for runSetters
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype._castForQuery = function(val) {
+  return this.applySetters(val, this.$$context);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Override the function the required validator uses to check whether a value
+ * passes the `required` check. Override this on the individual SchemaType.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     // Use this to allow empty strings to pass the `required` validator
+ *     mongoose.Schema.Types.String.checkRequired(v => typeof v === 'string');
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @static
+ * @receiver SchemaType
+ * @function checkRequired
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SchemaType.checkRequired = function(fn) {
+  if (arguments.length > 0) {
+    this._checkRequired = fn;
+  }
+
+  return this._checkRequired;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Default check for if this path satisfies the `required` validator.
+ *
+ * @param {any} val
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.checkRequired = function(val) {
+  return val != null;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+SchemaType.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  const schematype = new this.constructor(this.path, options, this.instance);
+  schematype.validators = this.validators.slice();
+  if (this.requiredValidator !== undefined) schematype.requiredValidator = this.requiredValidator;
+  if (this.defaultValue !== undefined) schematype.defaultValue = this.defaultValue;
+  if (this.$immutable !== undefined && this.options.immutable === undefined) {
+    schematype.$immutable = this.$immutable;
+
+    handleImmutable(schematype);
+  }
+  if (this._index !== undefined) schematype._index = this._index;
+  if (this.selected !== undefined) schematype.selected = this.selected;
+  if (this.isRequired !== undefined) schematype.isRequired = this.isRequired;
+  if (this.originalRequiredValue !== undefined) schematype.originalRequiredValue = this.originalRequiredValue;
+  schematype.getters = this.getters.slice();
+  schematype.setters = this.setters.slice();
+  return schematype;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = SchemaType;
+
+exports.CastError = CastError;
+
+exports.ValidatorError = ValidatorError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/statemachine.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/statemachine.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e36dc1ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/statemachine.js
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const utils = require('./utils');
+
+/*!
+ * StateMachine represents a minimal `interface` for the
+ * constructors it builds via StateMachine.ctor(...).
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+const StateMachine = module.exports = exports = function StateMachine() {
+};
+
+/*!
+ * StateMachine.ctor('state1', 'state2', ...)
+ * A factory method for subclassing StateMachine.
+ * The arguments are a list of states. For each state,
+ * the constructor's prototype gets state transition
+ * methods named after each state. These transition methods
+ * place their path argument into the given state.
+ *
+ * @param {String} state
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @return {Function} subclass constructor
+ * @private
+ */
+
+StateMachine.ctor = function() {
+  const states = utils.args(arguments);
+
+  const ctor = function() {
+    StateMachine.apply(this, arguments);
+    this.paths = {};
+    this.states = {};
+    this.stateNames = states;
+
+    let i = states.length,
+        state;
+
+    while (i--) {
+      state = states[i];
+      this.states[state] = {};
+    }
+  };
+
+  ctor.prototype = new StateMachine();
+
+  states.forEach(function(state) {
+    // Changes the `path`'s state to `state`.
+    ctor.prototype[state] = function(path) {
+      this._changeState(path, state);
+    };
+  });
+
+  return ctor;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * This function is wrapped by the state change functions:
+ *
+ * - `require(path)`
+ * - `modify(path)`
+ * - `init(path)`
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+StateMachine.prototype._changeState = function _changeState(path, nextState) {
+  const prevBucket = this.states[this.paths[path]];
+  if (prevBucket) delete prevBucket[path];
+
+  this.paths[path] = nextState;
+  this.states[nextState][path] = true;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+StateMachine.prototype.clear = function clear(state) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(this.states[state]);
+  let i = keys.length;
+  let path;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    path = keys[i];
+    delete this.states[state][path];
+    delete this.paths[path];
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Checks to see if at least one path is in the states passed in via `arguments`
+ * e.g., this.some('required', 'inited')
+ *
+ * @param {String} state that we want to check for.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+StateMachine.prototype.some = function some() {
+  const _this = this;
+  const what = arguments.length ? arguments : this.stateNames;
+  return Array.prototype.some.call(what, function(state) {
+    return Object.keys(_this.states[state]).length;
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * This function builds the functions that get assigned to `forEach` and `map`,
+ * since both of those methods share a lot of the same logic.
+ *
+ * @param {String} iterMethod is either 'forEach' or 'map'
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+StateMachine.prototype._iter = function _iter(iterMethod) {
+  return function() {
+    const numArgs = arguments.length;
+    let states = utils.args(arguments, 0, numArgs - 1);
+    const callback = arguments[numArgs - 1];
+
+    if (!states.length) states = this.stateNames;
+
+    const _this = this;
+
+    const paths = states.reduce(function(paths, state) {
+      return paths.concat(Object.keys(_this.states[state]));
+    }, []);
+
+    return paths[iterMethod](function(path, i, paths) {
+      return callback(path, i, paths);
+    });
+  };
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Iterates over the paths that belong to one of the parameter states.
+ *
+ * The function profile can look like:
+ * this.forEach(state1, fn);         // iterates over all paths in state1
+ * this.forEach(state1, state2, fn); // iterates over all paths in state1 or state2
+ * this.forEach(fn);                 // iterates over all paths in all states
+ *
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+
+StateMachine.prototype.forEach = function forEach() {
+  this.forEach = this._iter('forEach');
+  return this.forEach.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Maps over the paths that belong to one of the parameter states.
+ *
+ * The function profile can look like:
+ * this.forEach(state1, fn);         // iterates over all paths in state1
+ * this.forEach(state1, state2, fn); // iterates over all paths in state1 or state2
+ * this.forEach(fn);                 // iterates over all paths in all states
+ *
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {String} [state]
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+StateMachine.prototype.map = function map() {
+  this.map = this._iter('map');
+  return this.map.apply(this, arguments);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/array.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/array.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..420edeeea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/array.js
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const CoreMongooseArray = require('./core_array');
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const arrayParentSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayParentSymbol;
+const arrayPathSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayPathSymbol;
+const arraySchemaSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arraySchemaSymbol;
+
+const _basePush = Array.prototype.push;
+
+/**
+ * Mongoose Array constructor.
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * _Values always have to be passed to the constructor to initialize, otherwise `MongooseArray#push` will mark the array as modified._
+ *
+ * @param {Array} values
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Document} doc parent document
+ * @api private
+ * @inherits Array
+ * @see http://bit.ly/f6CnZU
+ */
+
+function MongooseArray(values, path, doc, schematype) {
+  let arr;
+
+  if (Array.isArray(values)) {
+    const len = values.length;
+
+    // Perf optimizations for small arrays: much faster to use `...` than `for` + `push`,
+    // but large arrays may cause stack overflows. And for arrays of length 0/1, just
+    // modifying the array is faster. Seems small, but adds up when you have a document
+    // with thousands of nested arrays.
+    if (len === 0) {
+      arr = new CoreMongooseArray();
+    } else if (len === 1) {
+      arr = new CoreMongooseArray(1);
+      arr[0] = values[0];
+    } else if (len < 10000) {
+      arr = new CoreMongooseArray();
+      _basePush.apply(arr, values);
+    } else {
+      arr = new CoreMongooseArray();
+      for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        _basePush.call(arr, values[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (values[arrayAtomicsSymbol] != null) {
+      arr[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = values[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+    }
+  } else {
+    arr = new CoreMongooseArray();
+  }
+
+  arr[arrayPathSymbol] = path;
+
+  // Because doc comes from the context of another function, doc === global
+  // can happen if there was a null somewhere up the chain (see #3020)
+  // RB Jun 17, 2015 updated to check for presence of expected paths instead
+  // to make more proof against unusual node environments
+  if (doc != null && doc.$__ != null) {
+    arr[arrayParentSymbol] = doc;
+    arr[arraySchemaSymbol] = schematype || doc.schema.path(path);
+  }
+
+  return arr;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = MongooseArray;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/buffer.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/buffer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bac2e8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/buffer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const Binary = require('../driver').get().Binary;
+const utils = require('../utils');
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+
+/**
+ * Mongoose Buffer constructor.
+ *
+ * Values always have to be passed to the constructor to initialize.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} value
+ * @param {String} encode
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @api private
+ * @inherits Buffer
+ * @see http://bit.ly/f6CnZU
+ */
+
+function MongooseBuffer(value, encode, offset) {
+  const length = arguments.length;
+  let val;
+
+  if (length === 0 || arguments[0] === null || arguments[0] === undefined) {
+    val = 0;
+  } else {
+    val = value;
+  }
+
+  let encoding;
+  let path;
+  let doc;
+
+  if (Array.isArray(encode)) {
+    // internal casting
+    path = encode[0];
+    doc = encode[1];
+  } else {
+    encoding = encode;
+  }
+
+  let buf;
+  if (typeof val === 'number' || val instanceof Number) {
+    buf = Buffer.alloc(val);
+  } else { // string, array or object { type: 'Buffer', data: [...] }
+    buf = Buffer.from(val, encoding, offset);
+  }
+  utils.decorate(buf, MongooseBuffer.mixin);
+  buf.isMongooseBuffer = true;
+
+  // make sure these internal props don't show up in Object.keys()
+  buf[MongooseBuffer.pathSymbol] = path;
+  buf[parentSymbol] = doc;
+
+  buf._subtype = 0;
+  return buf;
+}
+
+const pathSymbol = Symbol.for('mongoose#Buffer#_path');
+const parentSymbol = Symbol.for('mongoose#Buffer#_parent');
+MongooseBuffer.pathSymbol = pathSymbol;
+
+/*!
+ * Inherit from Buffer.
+ */
+
+MongooseBuffer.mixin = {
+
+  /**
+   * Default subtype for the Binary representing this Buffer
+   *
+   * @api private
+   * @property _subtype
+   * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+   */
+
+  _subtype: undefined,
+
+  /**
+   * Marks this buffer as modified.
+   *
+   * @api private
+   * @method _markModified
+   * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+   */
+
+  _markModified: function() {
+    const parent = this[parentSymbol];
+
+    if (parent) {
+      parent.markModified(this[MongooseBuffer.pathSymbol]);
+    }
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Writes the buffer.
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method write
+   * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+   */
+
+  write: function() {
+    const written = Buffer.prototype.write.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    if (written > 0) {
+      this._markModified();
+    }
+
+    return written;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Copies the buffer.
+   *
+   * ####Note:
+   *
+   * `Buffer#copy` does not mark `target` as modified so you must copy from a `MongooseBuffer` for it to work as expected. This is a work around since `copy` modifies the target, not this.
+   *
+   * @return {Number} The number of bytes copied.
+   * @param {Buffer} target
+   * @method copy
+   * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+   */
+
+  copy: function(target) {
+    const ret = Buffer.prototype.copy.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    if (target && target.isMongooseBuffer) {
+      target._markModified();
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Compile other Buffer methods marking this buffer as modified.
+ */
+
+(
+// node < 0.5
+  ('writeUInt8 writeUInt16 writeUInt32 writeInt8 writeInt16 writeInt32 ' +
+    'writeFloat writeDouble fill ' +
+    'utf8Write binaryWrite asciiWrite set ' +
+
+  // node >= 0.5
+    'writeUInt16LE writeUInt16BE writeUInt32LE writeUInt32BE ' +
+    'writeInt16LE writeInt16BE writeInt32LE writeInt32BE ' + 'writeFloatLE writeFloatBE writeDoubleLE writeDoubleBE')
+).split(' ').forEach(function(method) {
+  if (!Buffer.prototype[method]) {
+    return;
+  }
+  MongooseBuffer.mixin[method] = function() {
+    const ret = Buffer.prototype[method].apply(this, arguments);
+    this._markModified();
+    return ret;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Converts this buffer to its Binary type representation.
+ *
+ * ####SubTypes:
+ *
+ *   const bson = require('bson')
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+ *
+ *   doc.buffer.toObject(bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED);
+ *
+ * @see http://bsonspec.org/#/specification
+ * @param {Hex} [subtype]
+ * @return {Binary}
+ * @api public
+ * @method toObject
+ * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+ */
+
+MongooseBuffer.mixin.toObject = function(options) {
+  const subtype = typeof options === 'number'
+    ? options
+    : (this._subtype || 0);
+  return new Binary(Buffer.from(this), subtype);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts this buffer for storage in MongoDB, including subtype
+ *
+ * @return {Binary}
+ * @api public
+ * @method toBSON
+ * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+ */
+
+MongooseBuffer.mixin.toBSON = function() {
+  return new Binary(this, this._subtype || 0);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if this buffer is equals to `other` buffer
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} other
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @method equals
+ * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+ */
+
+MongooseBuffer.mixin.equals = function(other) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(other)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (this.length !== other.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
+    if (this[i] !== other[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the subtype option and marks the buffer modified.
+ *
+ * ####SubTypes:
+ *
+ *   const bson = require('bson')
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_DEFAULT
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_FUNCTION
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_BYTE_ARRAY
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_MD5
+ *   bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_USER_DEFINED
+ *
+ *   doc.buffer.subtype(bson.BSON_BINARY_SUBTYPE_UUID);
+ *
+ * @see http://bsonspec.org/#/specification
+ * @param {Hex} subtype
+ * @api public
+ * @method subtype
+ * @receiver MongooseBuffer
+ */
+
+MongooseBuffer.mixin.subtype = function(subtype) {
+  if (typeof subtype !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid subtype. Expected a number');
+  }
+
+  if (this._subtype !== subtype) {
+    this._markModified();
+  }
+
+  this._subtype = subtype;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+MongooseBuffer.Binary = Binary;
+
+module.exports = MongooseBuffer;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/core_array.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/core_array.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c15b0a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/core_array.js
@@ -0,0 +1,970 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Document = require('../document');
+const EmbeddedDocument = require('./embedded');
+const MongooseError = require('../error/mongooseError');
+const ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+const cleanModifiedSubpaths = require('../helpers/document/cleanModifiedSubpaths');
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('../options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const utils = require('../utils');
+const util = require('util');
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const arrayParentSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayParentSymbol;
+const arrayPathSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayPathSymbol;
+const arraySchemaSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arraySchemaSymbol;
+const populateModelSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').populateModelSymbol;
+const slicedSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#Array#sliced');
+
+const _basePush = Array.prototype.push;
+
+const validatorsSymbol = Symbol('mongoose#MongooseCoreArray#validators');
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+class CoreMongooseArray extends Array {
+  get isMongooseArray() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  get validators() {
+    return this[validatorsSymbol];
+  }
+
+  set validators(v) {
+    this[validatorsSymbol] = v;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Depopulates stored atomic operation values as necessary for direct insertion to MongoDB.
+   *
+   * If no atomics exist, we return all array values after conversion.
+   *
+   * @return {Array}
+   * @method $__getAtomics
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @instance
+   * @api private
+   */
+
+  $__getAtomics() {
+    const ret = [];
+    const keys = Object.keys(this[arrayAtomicsSymbol] || {});
+    let i = keys.length;
+
+    const opts = Object.assign({}, internalToObjectOptions, { _isNested: true });
+
+    if (i === 0) {
+      ret[0] = ['$set', this.toObject(opts)];
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    while (i--) {
+      const op = keys[i];
+      let val = this[arrayAtomicsSymbol][op];
+
+      // the atomic values which are arrays are not MongooseArrays. we
+      // need to convert their elements as if they were MongooseArrays
+      // to handle populated arrays versus DocumentArrays properly.
+      if (utils.isMongooseObject(val)) {
+        val = val.toObject(opts);
+      } else if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+        val = this.toObject.call(val, opts);
+      } else if (val != null && Array.isArray(val.$each)) {
+        val.$each = this.toObject.call(val.$each, opts);
+      } else if (val != null && typeof val.valueOf === 'function') {
+        val = val.valueOf();
+      }
+
+      if (op === '$addToSet') {
+        val = { $each: val };
+      }
+
+      ret.push([op, val]);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  $atomics() {
+    return this[arrayAtomicsSymbol] || {};
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  $parent() {
+    return this[arrayParentSymbol];
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  $path() {
+    return this[arrayPathSymbol];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Atomically shifts the array at most one time per document `save()`.
+   *
+   * ####NOTE:
+   *
+   * _Calling this multiple times on an array before saving sends the same command as calling it once._
+   * _This update is implemented using the MongoDB [$pop](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating/#Updating-%24pop) method which enforces this restriction._
+   *
+   *      doc.array = [1,2,3];
+   *
+   *      const shifted = doc.array.$shift();
+   *      console.log(shifted); // 1
+   *      console.log(doc.array); // [2,3]
+   *
+   *      // no affect
+   *      shifted = doc.array.$shift();
+   *      console.log(doc.array); // [2,3]
+   *
+   *      doc.save(function (err) {
+   *        if (err) return handleError(err);
+   *
+   *        // we saved, now $shift works again
+   *        shifted = doc.array.$shift();
+   *        console.log(shifted ); // 2
+   *        console.log(doc.array); // [3]
+   *      })
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @instance
+   * @method $shift
+   * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating/#Updating-%24pop
+   */
+
+  $shift() {
+    this._registerAtomic('$pop', -1);
+    this._markModified();
+
+    // only allow shifting once
+    if (this._shifted) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._shifted = true;
+
+    return [].shift.call(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pops the array atomically at most one time per document `save()`.
+   *
+   * #### NOTE:
+   *
+   * _Calling this mulitple times on an array before saving sends the same command as calling it once._
+   * _This update is implemented using the MongoDB [$pop](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating/#Updating-%24pop) method which enforces this restriction._
+   *
+   *      doc.array = [1,2,3];
+   *
+   *      const popped = doc.array.$pop();
+   *      console.log(popped); // 3
+   *      console.log(doc.array); // [1,2]
+   *
+   *      // no affect
+   *      popped = doc.array.$pop();
+   *      console.log(doc.array); // [1,2]
+   *
+   *      doc.save(function (err) {
+   *        if (err) return handleError(err);
+   *
+   *        // we saved, now $pop works again
+   *        popped = doc.array.$pop();
+   *        console.log(popped); // 2
+   *        console.log(doc.array); // [1]
+   *      })
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method $pop
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @instance
+   * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating/#Updating-%24pop
+   * @method $pop
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  $pop() {
+    this._registerAtomic('$pop', 1);
+    this._markModified();
+
+    // only allow popping once
+    if (this._popped) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._popped = true;
+
+    return [].pop.call(this);
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  $schema() {
+    return this[arraySchemaSymbol];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Casts a member based on this arrays schema.
+   *
+   * @param {any} value
+   * @return value the casted value
+   * @method _cast
+   * @api private
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  _cast(value) {
+    let populated = false;
+    let Model;
+
+    if (this[arrayParentSymbol]) {
+      populated = this[arrayParentSymbol].populated(this[arrayPathSymbol], true);
+    }
+
+    if (populated && value !== null && value !== undefined) {
+      // cast to the populated Models schema
+      Model = populated.options[populateModelSymbol];
+
+      // only objects are permitted so we can safely assume that
+      // non-objects are to be interpreted as _id
+      if (Buffer.isBuffer(value) ||
+          value instanceof ObjectId || !utils.isObject(value)) {
+        value = { _id: value };
+      }
+
+      // gh-2399
+      // we should cast model only when it's not a discriminator
+      const isDisc = value.$__schema && value.$__schema.discriminatorMapping &&
+          value.$__schema.discriminatorMapping.key !== undefined;
+      if (!isDisc) {
+        value = new Model(value);
+      }
+      return this[arraySchemaSymbol].caster.applySetters(value, this[arrayParentSymbol], true);
+    }
+
+    return this[arraySchemaSymbol].caster.applySetters(value, this[arrayParentSymbol], false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal helper for .map()
+   *
+   * @api private
+   * @return {Number}
+   * @method _mapCast
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  _mapCast(val, index) {
+    return this._cast(val, this.length + index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Marks this array as modified.
+   *
+   * If it bubbles up from an embedded document change, then it takes the following arguments (otherwise, takes 0 arguments)
+   *
+   * @param {EmbeddedDocument} embeddedDoc the embedded doc that invoked this method on the Array
+   * @param {String} embeddedPath the path which changed in the embeddedDoc
+   * @method _markModified
+   * @api private
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  _markModified(elem) {
+    const parent = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+    let dirtyPath;
+
+    if (parent) {
+      dirtyPath = this[arrayPathSymbol];
+
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        dirtyPath = dirtyPath + '.' + elem;
+      }
+
+      if (dirtyPath != null && dirtyPath.endsWith('.$')) {
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      parent.markModified(dirtyPath, arguments.length > 0 ? elem : parent);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register an atomic operation with the parent.
+   *
+   * @param {Array} op operation
+   * @param {any} val
+   * @method _registerAtomic
+   * @api private
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  _registerAtomic(op, val) {
+    if (this[slicedSymbol]) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (op === '$set') {
+      // $set takes precedence over all other ops.
+      // mark entire array modified.
+      this[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = { $set: val };
+      cleanModifiedSubpaths(this[arrayParentSymbol], this[arrayPathSymbol]);
+      this._markModified();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    this[arrayAtomicsSymbol] || (this[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = {});
+
+    const atomics = this[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+
+    // reset pop/shift after save
+    if (op === '$pop' && !('$pop' in atomics)) {
+      const _this = this;
+      this[arrayParentSymbol].once('save', function() {
+        _this._popped = _this._shifted = null;
+      });
+    }
+
+    // check for impossible $atomic combos (Mongo denies more than one
+    // $atomic op on a single path
+    if (this[arrayAtomicsSymbol].$set || Object.keys(atomics).length && !(op in atomics)) {
+      // a different op was previously registered.
+      // save the entire thing.
+      this[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = { $set: this };
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    let selector;
+
+    if (op === '$pullAll' || op === '$addToSet') {
+      atomics[op] || (atomics[op] = []);
+      atomics[op] = atomics[op].concat(val);
+    } else if (op === '$pullDocs') {
+      const pullOp = atomics['$pull'] || (atomics['$pull'] = {});
+      if (val[0] instanceof EmbeddedDocument) {
+        selector = pullOp['$or'] || (pullOp['$or'] = []);
+        Array.prototype.push.apply(selector, val.map(function(v) {
+          return v.toObject({ transform: false, virtuals: false });
+        }));
+      } else {
+        selector = pullOp['_id'] || (pullOp['_id'] = { $in: [] });
+        selector['$in'] = selector['$in'].concat(val);
+      }
+    } else if (op === '$push') {
+      atomics.$push = atomics.$push || { $each: [] };
+      if (val != null && utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(val, '$each')) {
+        atomics.$push = val;
+      } else {
+        atomics.$push.$each = atomics.$push.$each.concat(val);
+      }
+    } else {
+      atomics[op] = val;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds values to the array if not already present.
+   *
+   * ####Example:
+   *
+   *     console.log(doc.array) // [2,3,4]
+   *     const added = doc.array.addToSet(4,5);
+   *     console.log(doc.array) // [2,3,4,5]
+   *     console.log(added)     // [5]
+   *
+   * @param {any} [args...]
+   * @return {Array} the values that were added
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @api public
+   * @method addToSet
+   */
+
+  addToSet() {
+    _checkManualPopulation(this, arguments);
+
+    let values = [].map.call(arguments, this._mapCast, this);
+    values = this[arraySchemaSymbol].applySetters(values, this[arrayParentSymbol]);
+    const added = [];
+    let type = '';
+    if (values[0] instanceof EmbeddedDocument) {
+      type = 'doc';
+    } else if (values[0] instanceof Date) {
+      type = 'date';
+    }
+
+    values.forEach(function(v) {
+      let found;
+      const val = +v;
+      switch (type) {
+        case 'doc':
+          found = this.some(function(doc) {
+            return doc.equals(v);
+          });
+          break;
+        case 'date':
+          found = this.some(function(d) {
+            return +d === val;
+          });
+          break;
+        default:
+          found = ~this.indexOf(v);
+      }
+
+      if (!found) {
+        [].push.call(this, v);
+        this._registerAtomic('$addToSet', v);
+        this._markModified();
+        [].push.call(added, v);
+      }
+    }, this);
+
+    return added;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of pending atomic operations to send to the db for this array.
+   *
+   * @api private
+   * @return {Number}
+   * @method hasAtomics
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  hasAtomics() {
+    if (!utils.isPOJO(this[arrayAtomicsSymbol])) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    return Object.keys(this[arrayAtomicsSymbol]).length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return whether or not the `obj` is included in the array.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} obj the item to check
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   * @api public
+   * @method includes
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  includes(obj, fromIndex) {
+    const ret = this.indexOf(obj, fromIndex);
+    return ret !== -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the index of `obj` or `-1` if not found.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} obj the item to look for
+   * @return {Number}
+   * @api public
+   * @method indexOf
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  indexOf(obj, fromIndex) {
+    if (obj instanceof ObjectId) {
+      obj = obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    fromIndex = fromIndex == null ? 0 : fromIndex;
+    const len = this.length;
+    for (let i = fromIndex; i < len; ++i) {
+      if (obj == this[i]) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper for console.log
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method inspect
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  inspect() {
+    return JSON.stringify(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pushes items to the array non-atomically.
+   *
+   * ####NOTE:
+   *
+   * _marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a `$set` operation, potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object and when you save it._
+   *
+   * @param {any} [args...]
+   * @api public
+   * @method nonAtomicPush
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  nonAtomicPush() {
+    const values = [].map.call(arguments, this._mapCast, this);
+    const ret = [].push.apply(this, values);
+    this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    this._markModified();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#pop`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/pop) with proper change tracking.
+   *
+   * ####Note:
+   *
+   * _marks the entire array as modified which will pass the entire thing to $set potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object and when you save it._
+   *
+   * @see MongooseArray#$pop #types_array_MongooseArray-%24pop
+   * @api public
+   * @method pop
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  pop() {
+    const ret = [].pop.call(this);
+    this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    this._markModified();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pulls items from the array atomically. Equality is determined by casting
+   * the provided value to an embedded document and comparing using
+   * [the `Document.equals()` function.](./api.html#document_Document-equals)
+   *
+   * ####Examples:
+   *
+   *     doc.array.pull(ObjectId)
+   *     doc.array.pull({ _id: 'someId' })
+   *     doc.array.pull(36)
+   *     doc.array.pull('tag 1', 'tag 2')
+   *
+   * To remove a document from a subdocument array we may pass an object with a matching `_id`.
+   *
+   *     doc.subdocs.push({ _id: 4815162342 })
+   *     doc.subdocs.pull({ _id: 4815162342 }) // removed
+   *
+   * Or we may passing the _id directly and let mongoose take care of it.
+   *
+   *     doc.subdocs.push({ _id: 4815162342 })
+   *     doc.subdocs.pull(4815162342); // works
+   *
+   * The first pull call will result in a atomic operation on the database, if pull is called repeatedly without saving the document, a $set operation is used on the complete array instead, overwriting possible changes that happened on the database in the meantime.
+   *
+   * @param {any} [args...]
+   * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating/#Updating-%24pull
+   * @api public
+   * @method pull
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  pull() {
+    const values = [].map.call(arguments, this._cast, this);
+    const cur = this[arrayParentSymbol].get(this[arrayPathSymbol]);
+    let i = cur.length;
+    let mem;
+
+    while (i--) {
+      mem = cur[i];
+      if (mem instanceof Document) {
+        const some = values.some(function(v) {
+          return mem.equals(v);
+        });
+        if (some) {
+          [].splice.call(cur, i, 1);
+        }
+      } else if (~cur.indexOf.call(values, mem)) {
+        [].splice.call(cur, i, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (values[0] instanceof EmbeddedDocument) {
+      this._registerAtomic('$pullDocs', values.map(function(v) {
+        return v.$__getValue('_id') || v;
+      }));
+    } else {
+      this._registerAtomic('$pullAll', values);
+    }
+
+    this._markModified();
+
+    // Might have modified child paths and then pulled, like
+    // `doc.children[1].name = 'test';` followed by
+    // `doc.children.remove(doc.children[0]);`. In this case we fall back
+    // to a `$set` on the whole array. See #3511
+    if (cleanModifiedSubpaths(this[arrayParentSymbol], this[arrayPathSymbol]) > 0) {
+      this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#push`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push) with proper change tracking.
+   *
+   * ####Example:
+   *
+   *     const schema = Schema({ nums: [Number] });
+   *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+   *
+   *     const doc = await Model.create({ nums: [3, 4] });
+   *     doc.nums.push(5); // Add 5 to the end of the array
+   *     await doc.save();
+   *
+   *     // You can also pass an object with `$each` as the
+   *     // first parameter to use MongoDB's `$position`
+   *     doc.nums.push({
+   *       $each: [1, 2],
+   *       $position: 0
+   *     });
+   *     doc.nums; // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [args...]
+   * @api public
+   * @method push
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  push() {
+    let values = arguments;
+    let atomic = values;
+    const isOverwrite = values[0] != null &&
+      utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(values[0], '$each');
+    if (isOverwrite) {
+      atomic = values[0];
+      values = values[0].$each;
+    }
+
+    if (this[arraySchemaSymbol] == null) {
+      return _basePush.apply(this, values);
+    }
+
+    _checkManualPopulation(this, values);
+
+    const parent = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+    values = [].map.call(values, this._mapCast, this);
+    values = this[arraySchemaSymbol].applySetters(values, parent, undefined,
+      undefined, { skipDocumentArrayCast: true });
+    let ret;
+    const atomics = this[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+
+    if (isOverwrite) {
+      atomic.$each = values;
+
+      if (get(atomics, '$push.$each.length', 0) > 0 &&
+          atomics.$push.$position != atomics.$position) {
+        throw new MongooseError('Cannot call `Array#push()` multiple times ' +
+          'with different `$position`');
+      }
+
+      if (atomic.$position != null) {
+        [].splice.apply(this, [atomic.$position, 0].concat(values));
+        ret = this.length;
+      } else {
+        ret = [].push.apply(this, values);
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (get(atomics, '$push.$each.length', 0) > 0 &&
+          atomics.$push.$position != null) {
+        throw new MongooseError('Cannot call `Array#push()` multiple times ' +
+          'with different `$position`');
+      }
+      atomic = values;
+      ret = [].push.apply(this, values);
+    }
+    this._registerAtomic('$push', atomic);
+    this._markModified();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Alias of [pull](#mongoosearray_MongooseArray-pull)
+   *
+   * @see MongooseArray#pull #types_array_MongooseArray-pull
+   * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating/#Updating-%24pull
+   * @api public
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @instance
+   * @method remove
+   */
+
+  remove() {
+    return this.pull.apply(this, arguments);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the casted `val` at index `i` and marks the array modified.
+   *
+   * ####Example:
+   *
+   *     // given documents based on the following
+   *     const Doc = mongoose.model('Doc', new Schema({ array: [Number] }));
+   *
+   *     const doc = new Doc({ array: [2,3,4] })
+   *
+   *     console.log(doc.array) // [2,3,4]
+   *
+   *     doc.array.set(1,"5");
+   *     console.log(doc.array); // [2,5,4] // properly cast to number
+   *     doc.save() // the change is saved
+   *
+   *     // VS not using array#set
+   *     doc.array[1] = "5";
+   *     console.log(doc.array); // [2,"5",4] // no casting
+   *     doc.save() // change is not saved
+   *
+   * @return {Array} this
+   * @api public
+   * @method set
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  set(i, val) {
+    const value = this._cast(val, i);
+    this[i] = value;
+    this._markModified(i);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#shift`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/unshift) with proper change tracking.
+   *
+   * ####Example:
+   *
+   *     doc.array = [2,3];
+   *     const res = doc.array.shift();
+   *     console.log(res) // 2
+   *     console.log(doc.array) // [3]
+   *
+   * ####Note:
+   *
+   * _marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a `$set` operation, potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object and when you save it._
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method shift
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  shift() {
+    const ret = [].shift.call(this);
+    this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    this._markModified();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#sort`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/sort) with proper change tracking.
+   *
+   * ####NOTE:
+   *
+   * _marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a `$set` operation, potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object and when you save it._
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method sort
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @see https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/array-sort
+   */
+
+  sort() {
+    const ret = [].sort.apply(this, arguments);
+    this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#splice`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice) with proper change tracking and casting.
+   *
+   * ####Note:
+   *
+   * _marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a `$set` operation, potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object and when you save it._
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method splice
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   * @see https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/array-splice
+   */
+
+  splice() {
+    let ret;
+
+    _checkManualPopulation(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2));
+
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      let vals;
+      if (this[arraySchemaSymbol] == null) {
+        vals = arguments;
+      } else {
+        vals = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
+          vals[i] = i < 2 ?
+            arguments[i] :
+            this._cast(arguments[i], arguments[0] + (i - 2));
+        }
+      }
+
+      ret = [].splice.apply(this, vals);
+      this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  slice() {
+    const ret = super.slice.apply(this, arguments);
+    ret[arrayParentSymbol] = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+    ret[arraySchemaSymbol] = this[arraySchemaSymbol];
+    ret[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = this[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+    ret[arrayPathSymbol] = this[arrayPathSymbol];
+    ret[slicedSymbol] = true;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  filter() {
+    const ret = super.filter.apply(this, arguments);
+    ret[arrayParentSymbol] = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+    ret[arraySchemaSymbol] = this[arraySchemaSymbol];
+    ret[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = this[arrayAtomicsSymbol];
+    ret[arrayPathSymbol] = this[arrayPathSymbol];
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  toBSON() {
+    return this.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a native js Array.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} options
+   * @return {Array}
+   * @api public
+   * @method toObject
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  toObject(options) {
+    if (options && options.depopulate) {
+      options = utils.clone(options);
+      options._isNested = true;
+      // Ensure return value is a vanilla array, because in Node.js 6+ `map()`
+      // is smart enough to use the inherited array's constructor.
+      return [].concat(this).map(function(doc) {
+        return doc instanceof Document
+          ? doc.toObject(options)
+          : doc;
+      });
+    }
+
+    return [].concat(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#unshift`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/unshift) with proper change tracking.
+   *
+   * ####Note:
+   *
+   * _marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a `$set` operation, potentially overwriting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object and when you save it._
+   *
+   * @api public
+   * @method unshift
+   * @memberOf MongooseArray
+   */
+
+  unshift() {
+    _checkManualPopulation(this, arguments);
+
+    let values;
+    if (this[arraySchemaSymbol] == null) {
+      values = arguments;
+    } else {
+      values = [].map.call(arguments, this._cast, this);
+      values = this[arraySchemaSymbol].applySetters(values, this[arrayParentSymbol]);
+    }
+
+    [].unshift.apply(this, values);
+    this._registerAtomic('$set', this);
+    this._markModified();
+    return this.length;
+  }
+}
+
+if (util.inspect.custom) {
+  CoreMongooseArray.prototype[util.inspect.custom] =
+    CoreMongooseArray.prototype.inspect;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _isAllSubdocs(docs, ref) {
+  if (!ref) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (const arg of docs) {
+    if (arg == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const model = arg.constructor;
+    if (!(arg instanceof Document) ||
+      (model.modelName !== ref && model.baseModelName !== ref)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+function _checkManualPopulation(arr, docs) {
+  const ref = arr == null ?
+    null :
+    get(arr[arraySchemaSymbol], 'caster.options.ref', null);
+  if (arr.length === 0 &&
+      docs.length > 0) {
+    if (_isAllSubdocs(docs, ref)) {
+      arr[arrayParentSymbol].populated(arr[arrayPathSymbol], [], {
+        [populateModelSymbol]: docs[0].constructor
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = CoreMongooseArray;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/decimal128.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/decimal128.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb0886184
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/decimal128.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * ObjectId type constructor
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const id = new mongoose.Types.ObjectId;
+ *
+ * @constructor ObjectId
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = require('../driver').get().Decimal128;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/documentarray.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/documentarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90d263726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/documentarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const CoreMongooseArray = require('./core_array');
+const Document = require('../document');
+const ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+const castObjectId = require('../cast/objectid');
+const getDiscriminatorByValue = require('../helpers/discriminator/getDiscriminatorByValue');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('../options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const util = require('util');
+const utils = require('../utils');
+
+const arrayAtomicsSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayAtomicsSymbol;
+const arrayParentSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayParentSymbol;
+const arrayPathSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arrayPathSymbol;
+const arraySchemaSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').arraySchemaSymbol;
+const documentArrayParent = require('../helpers/symbols').documentArrayParent;
+
+const _basePush = Array.prototype.push;
+
+class CoreDocumentArray extends CoreMongooseArray {
+  get isMongooseDocumentArray() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  toBSON() {
+    return this.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  map() {
+    const ret = super.map.apply(this, arguments);
+    ret[arraySchemaSymbol] = null;
+    ret[arrayPathSymbol] = null;
+    ret[arrayParentSymbol] = null;
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Overrides MongooseArray#cast
+   *
+   * @method _cast
+   * @api private
+   * @receiver MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  _cast(value, index) {
+    if (this[arraySchemaSymbol] == null) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    let Constructor = this[arraySchemaSymbol].casterConstructor;
+    const isInstance = Constructor.$isMongooseDocumentArray ?
+      value && value.isMongooseDocumentArray :
+      value instanceof Constructor;
+    if (isInstance ||
+        // Hack re: #5001, see #5005
+        (value && value.constructor && value.constructor.baseCasterConstructor === Constructor)) {
+      if (!(value[documentArrayParent] && value.__parentArray)) {
+        // value may have been created using array.create()
+        value[documentArrayParent] = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+        value.__parentArray = this;
+      }
+      value.$setIndex(index);
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    if (value === undefined || value === null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // handle cast('string') or cast(ObjectId) etc.
+    // only objects are permitted so we can safely assume that
+    // non-objects are to be interpreted as _id
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(value) ||
+        value instanceof ObjectId || !utils.isObject(value)) {
+      value = { _id: value };
+    }
+
+    if (value &&
+        Constructor.discriminators &&
+        Constructor.schema &&
+        Constructor.schema.options &&
+        Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey) {
+      if (typeof value[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey] === 'string' &&
+          Constructor.discriminators[value[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]]) {
+        Constructor = Constructor.discriminators[value[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]];
+      } else {
+        const constructorByValue = getDiscriminatorByValue(Constructor.discriminators, value[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]);
+        if (constructorByValue) {
+          Constructor = constructorByValue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (Constructor.$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      return Constructor.cast(value, this, undefined, undefined, index);
+    }
+    return new Constructor(value, this, undefined, undefined, index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Searches array items for the first document with a matching _id.
+   *
+   * ####Example:
+   *
+   *     const embeddedDoc = m.array.id(some_id);
+   *
+   * @return {EmbeddedDocument|null} the subdocument or null if not found.
+   * @param {ObjectId|String|Number|Buffer} id
+   * @TODO cast to the _id based on schema for proper comparison
+   * @method id
+   * @api public
+   * @receiver MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  id(id) {
+    let casted;
+    let sid;
+    let _id;
+
+    try {
+      casted = castObjectId(id).toString();
+    } catch (e) {
+      casted = null;
+    }
+
+    for (const val of this) {
+      if (!val) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      _id = val.get('_id');
+
+      if (_id === null || typeof _id === 'undefined') {
+        continue;
+      } else if (_id instanceof Document) {
+        sid || (sid = String(id));
+        if (sid == _id._id) {
+          return val;
+        }
+      } else if (!(id instanceof ObjectId) && !(_id instanceof ObjectId)) {
+        if (id == _id || utils.deepEqual(id, _id)) {
+          return val;
+        }
+      } else if (casted == _id) {
+        return val;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a native js Array of plain js objects
+   *
+   * ####NOTE:
+   *
+   * _Each sub-document is converted to a plain object by calling its `#toObject` method._
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [options] optional options to pass to each documents `toObject` method call during conversion
+   * @return {Array}
+   * @method toObject
+   * @api public
+   * @receiver MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  toObject(options) {
+    // `[].concat` coerces the return value into a vanilla JS array, rather
+    // than a Mongoose array.
+    return [].concat(this.map(function(doc) {
+      if (doc == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (typeof doc.toObject !== 'function') {
+        return doc;
+      }
+      return doc.toObject(options);
+    }));
+  }
+
+  slice() {
+    const arr = super.slice.apply(this, arguments);
+    arr[arrayParentSymbol] = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+    arr[arrayPathSymbol] = this[arrayPathSymbol];
+
+    return arr;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#push`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push) with proper change tracking.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [args...]
+   * @api public
+   * @method push
+   * @memberOf MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  push() {
+    const ret = super.push.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    _updateParentPopulated(this);
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pulls items from the array atomically.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [args...]
+   * @api public
+   * @method pull
+   * @memberOf MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  pull() {
+    const ret = super.pull.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    _updateParentPopulated(this);
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#shift`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/unshift) with proper change tracking.
+   */
+
+  shift() {
+    const ret = super.shift.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    _updateParentPopulated(this);
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps [`Array#splice`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice) with proper change tracking and casting.
+   */
+
+  splice() {
+    const ret = super.splice.apply(this, arguments);
+
+    _updateParentPopulated(this);
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper for console.log
+   *
+   * @method inspect
+   * @api public
+   * @receiver MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  inspect() {
+    return this.toObject();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a subdocument casted to this schema.
+   *
+   * This is the same subdocument constructor used for casting.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} obj the value to cast to this arrays SubDocument schema
+   * @method create
+   * @api public
+   * @receiver MongooseDocumentArray
+   */
+
+  create(obj) {
+    let Constructor = this[arraySchemaSymbol].casterConstructor;
+    if (obj &&
+        Constructor.discriminators &&
+        Constructor.schema &&
+        Constructor.schema.options &&
+        Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey) {
+      if (typeof obj[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey] === 'string' &&
+          Constructor.discriminators[obj[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]]) {
+        Constructor = Constructor.discriminators[obj[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]];
+      } else {
+        const constructorByValue = getDiscriminatorByValue(Constructor.discriminators, obj[Constructor.schema.options.discriminatorKey]);
+        if (constructorByValue) {
+          Constructor = constructorByValue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new Constructor(obj, this);
+  }
+
+  /*!
+   * ignore
+   */
+
+  notify(event) {
+    const _this = this;
+    return function notify(val, _arr) {
+      _arr = _arr || _this;
+      let i = _arr.length;
+      while (i--) {
+        if (_arr[i] == null) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        switch (event) {
+          // only swap for save event for now, we may change this to all event types later
+          case 'save':
+            val = _this[i];
+            break;
+          default:
+            // NO-OP
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (_arr[i].isMongooseArray) {
+          notify(val, _arr[i]);
+        } else if (_arr[i]) {
+          _arr[i].emit(event, val);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  _markModified(elem, embeddedPath) {
+    const parent = this[arrayParentSymbol];
+    let dirtyPath;
+
+    if (parent) {
+      dirtyPath = this[arrayPathSymbol];
+
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        if (embeddedPath != null) {
+          // an embedded doc bubbled up the change
+          const index = elem.__index;
+          dirtyPath = dirtyPath + '.' + index + '.' + embeddedPath;
+        } else {
+          // directly set an index
+          dirtyPath = dirtyPath + '.' + elem;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (dirtyPath != null && dirtyPath.endsWith('.$')) {
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      parent.markModified(dirtyPath, arguments.length > 0 ? elem : parent);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+}
+
+if (util.inspect.custom) {
+  CoreDocumentArray.prototype[util.inspect.custom] =
+    CoreDocumentArray.prototype.inspect;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * If this is a document array, each element may contain single
+ * populated paths, so we need to modify the top-level document's
+ * populated cache. See gh-8247, gh-8265.
+ */
+
+function _updateParentPopulated(arr) {
+  const parent = arr[arrayParentSymbol];
+  if (!parent || parent.$__.populated == null) return;
+
+  const populatedPaths = Object.keys(parent.$__.populated).
+    filter(p => p.startsWith(arr[arrayPathSymbol] + '.'));
+
+  for (const path of populatedPaths) {
+    const remnant = path.slice((arr[arrayPathSymbol] + '.').length);
+    if (!Array.isArray(parent.$__.populated[path].value)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    parent.$__.populated[path].value = arr.map(val => val.populated(remnant));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * DocumentArray constructor
+ *
+ * @param {Array} values
+ * @param {String} path the path to this array
+ * @param {Document} doc parent document
+ * @api private
+ * @return {MongooseDocumentArray}
+ * @inherits MongooseArray
+ * @see http://bit.ly/f6CnZU
+ */
+
+function MongooseDocumentArray(values, path, doc) {
+  // TODO: replace this with `new CoreDocumentArray().concat()` when we remove
+  // support for node 4.x and 5.x, see https://i.imgur.com/UAAHk4S.png
+  const arr = new CoreDocumentArray();
+
+  arr[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = {};
+  arr[arraySchemaSymbol] = void 0;
+  if (Array.isArray(values)) {
+    if (values[arrayPathSymbol] === path &&
+        values[arrayParentSymbol] === doc) {
+      arr[arrayAtomicsSymbol] = Object.assign({}, values[arrayAtomicsSymbol]);
+    }
+    values.forEach(v => {
+      _basePush.call(arr, v);
+    });
+  }
+  arr[arrayPathSymbol] = path;
+
+  // Because doc comes from the context of another function, doc === global
+  // can happen if there was a null somewhere up the chain (see #3020 && #3034)
+  // RB Jun 17, 2015 updated to check for presence of expected paths instead
+  // to make more proof against unusual node environments
+  if (doc && doc instanceof Document) {
+    arr[arrayParentSymbol] = doc;
+    arr[arraySchemaSymbol] = doc.schema.path(path);
+
+    // `schema.path()` doesn't drill into nested arrays properly yet, see
+    // gh-6398, gh-6602. This is a workaround because nested arrays are
+    // always plain non-document arrays, so once you get to a document array
+    // nesting is done. Matryoshka code.
+    while (arr != null &&
+        arr[arraySchemaSymbol] != null &&
+        arr[arraySchemaSymbol].$isMongooseArray &&
+        !arr[arraySchemaSymbol].$isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+      arr[arraySchemaSymbol] = arr[arraySchemaSymbol].casterConstructor;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return arr;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = MongooseDocumentArray;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/embedded.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/embedded.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bcdc412f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/embedded.js
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+/* eslint no-func-assign: 1 */
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const Document = require('../document_provider')();
+const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+const ValidationError = require('../error/validation');
+const immediate = require('../helpers/immediate');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('../options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const util = require('util');
+
+const documentArrayParent = require('../helpers/symbols').documentArrayParent;
+const validatorErrorSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').validatorErrorSymbol;
+
+/**
+ * EmbeddedDocument constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj js object returned from the db
+ * @param {MongooseDocumentArray} parentArr the parent array of this document
+ * @param {Boolean} skipId
+ * @inherits Document
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function EmbeddedDocument(obj, parentArr, skipId, fields, index) {
+  const options = {};
+  if (parentArr != null && parentArr.isMongooseDocumentArray) {
+    this.__parentArray = parentArr;
+    this[documentArrayParent] = parentArr.$parent();
+  } else {
+    this.__parentArray = undefined;
+    this[documentArrayParent] = undefined;
+  }
+  this.$setIndex(index);
+  this.$isDocumentArrayElement = true;
+
+  if (this[documentArrayParent] != null) {
+    options.defaults = this[documentArrayParent].$__.$options.defaults;
+  }
+
+  Document.call(this, obj, fields, skipId, options);
+
+  const _this = this;
+  this.on('isNew', function(val) {
+    _this.isNew = val;
+  });
+
+  _this.on('save', function() {
+    _this.constructor.emit('save', _this);
+  });
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Inherit from Document
+ */
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype = Object.create(Document.prototype);
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.constructor = EmbeddedDocument;
+
+for (const i in EventEmitter.prototype) {
+  EmbeddedDocument[i] = EventEmitter.prototype[i];
+}
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.toBSON = function() {
+  return this.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$setIndex = function(index) {
+  this.__index = index;
+
+  if (get(this, '$__.validationError', null) != null) {
+    const keys = Object.keys(this.$__.validationError.errors);
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      this.invalidate(key, this.$__.validationError.errors[key]);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks the embedded doc modified.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const doc = blogpost.comments.id(hexstring);
+ *     doc.mixed.type = 'changed';
+ *     doc.markModified('mixed.type');
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the path which changed
+ * @api public
+ * @receiver EmbeddedDocument
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.markModified = function(path) {
+  this.$__.activePaths.modify(path);
+  if (!this.__parentArray) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const pathToCheck = this.__parentArray.$path() + '.0.' + path;
+  if (this.isNew && this.ownerDocument().$__isSelected(pathToCheck)) {
+    // Mark the WHOLE parent array as modified
+    // if this is a new document (i.e., we are initializing
+    // a document),
+    this.__parentArray._markModified();
+  } else {
+    this.__parentArray._markModified(this, path);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.populate = function() {
+  throw new Error('Mongoose does not support calling populate() on nested ' +
+    'docs. Instead of `doc.arr[0].populate("path")`, use ' +
+    '`doc.populate("arr.0.path")`');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Used as a stub for [hooks.js](https://github.com/bnoguchi/hooks-js/tree/31ec571cef0332e21121ee7157e0cf9728572cc3)
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * _This is a no-op. Does not actually save the doc to the db._
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @return {Promise} resolved Promise
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.save = function(options, fn) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    fn = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+
+  if (!options.suppressWarning) {
+    console.warn('mongoose: calling `save()` on a subdoc does **not** save ' +
+      'the document to MongoDB, it only runs save middleware. ' +
+      'Use `subdoc.save({ suppressWarning: true })` to hide this warning ' +
+      'if you\'re sure this behavior is right for your app.');
+  }
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(fn, cb => {
+    this.$__save(cb);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Used as a stub for middleware
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * _This is a no-op. Does not actually save the doc to the db._
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @method $__save
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$__save = function(fn) {
+  return immediate(() => fn(null, this));
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Registers remove event listeners for triggering
+ * on subdocuments.
+ *
+ * @param {EmbeddedDocument} sub
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function registerRemoveListener(sub) {
+  let owner = sub.ownerDocument();
+
+  function emitRemove() {
+    owner.removeListener('save', emitRemove);
+    owner.removeListener('remove', emitRemove);
+    sub.emit('remove', sub);
+    sub.constructor.emit('remove', sub);
+    owner = sub = null;
+  }
+
+  owner.on('save', emitRemove);
+  owner.on('remove', emitRemove);
+}
+
+/*!
+ * no-op for hooks
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$__remove = function(cb) {
+  if (cb == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+  return cb(null, this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes the subdocument from its parent array.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.remove = function(options, fn) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function' && !fn) {
+    fn = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+  if (!this.__parentArray || (options && options.noop)) {
+    this.$__remove(fn);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  let _id;
+  if (!this.willRemove) {
+    _id = this._doc._id;
+    if (!_id) {
+      throw new Error('For your own good, Mongoose does not know ' +
+          'how to remove an EmbeddedDocument that has no _id');
+    }
+    this.__parentArray.pull({ _id: _id });
+    this.willRemove = true;
+    registerRemoveListener(this);
+  }
+
+  this.$__remove(fn);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Override #update method of parent documents.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.update = function() {
+  throw new Error('The #update method is not available on EmbeddedDocuments');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper for console.log
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.inspect = function() {
+  return this.toObject({
+    transform: false,
+    virtuals: false,
+    flattenDecimals: false
+  });
+};
+
+if (util.inspect.custom) {
+  /*!
+  * Avoid Node deprecation warning DEP0079
+  */
+
+  EmbeddedDocument.prototype[util.inspect.custom] = EmbeddedDocument.prototype.inspect;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Marks a path as invalid, causing validation to fail.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the field to invalidate
+ * @param {String|Error} err error which states the reason `path` was invalid
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.invalidate = function(path, err, val) {
+  Document.prototype.invalidate.call(this, path, err, val);
+
+  if (!this[documentArrayParent] || this.__index == null) {
+    if (err[validatorErrorSymbol] || err instanceof ValidationError) {
+      return this.ownerDocument().$__.validationError;
+    }
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  const index = this.__index;
+  const parentPath = this.__parentArray.$path();
+  const fullPath = [parentPath, index, path].join('.');
+  this[documentArrayParent].invalidate(fullPath, err, val);
+
+  return this.ownerDocument().$__.validationError;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks a path as valid, removing existing validation errors.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the field to mark as valid
+ * @api private
+ * @method $markValid
+ * @receiver EmbeddedDocument
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$markValid = function(path) {
+  if (!this[documentArrayParent]) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const index = this.__index;
+  if (typeof index !== 'undefined') {
+    const parentPath = this.__parentArray.$path();
+    const fullPath = [parentPath, index, path].join('.');
+    this[documentArrayParent].$markValid(fullPath);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$ignore = function(path) {
+  Document.prototype.$ignore.call(this, path);
+
+  if (!this[documentArrayParent]) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const index = this.__index;
+  if (typeof index !== 'undefined') {
+    const parentPath = this.__parentArray.$path();
+    const fullPath = [parentPath, index, path].join('.');
+    this[documentArrayParent].$ignore(fullPath);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a path is invalid
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the field to check
+ * @api private
+ * @method $isValid
+ * @receiver EmbeddedDocument
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$isValid = function(path) {
+  const index = this.__index;
+  if (typeof index !== 'undefined' && this[documentArrayParent]) {
+    return !this[documentArrayParent].$__.validationError ||
+      !this[documentArrayParent].$__.validationError.errors[this.$__fullPath(path)];
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the top level document of this sub-document.
+ *
+ * @return {Document}
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.ownerDocument = function() {
+  if (this.$__.ownerDocument) {
+    return this.$__.ownerDocument;
+  }
+
+  let parent = this[documentArrayParent];
+  if (!parent) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  while (parent[documentArrayParent] || parent.$__parent) {
+    parent = parent[documentArrayParent] || parent.$__parent;
+  }
+
+  this.$__.ownerDocument = parent;
+  return this.$__.ownerDocument;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the full path to this document. If optional `path` is passed, it is appended to the full path.
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ * @method $__fullPath
+ * @memberOf EmbeddedDocument
+ * @instance
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$__fullPath = function(path) {
+  if (!this.$__.fullPath) {
+    let parent = this; // eslint-disable-line consistent-this
+    if (!parent[documentArrayParent]) {
+      return path;
+    }
+
+    const paths = [];
+    while (parent[documentArrayParent] || parent.$__parent) {
+      if (parent[documentArrayParent]) {
+        paths.unshift(parent.__parentArray.$path());
+      } else {
+        paths.unshift(parent.$basePath);
+      }
+      parent = parent[documentArrayParent] || parent.$__parent;
+    }
+
+    this.$__.fullPath = paths.join('.');
+
+    if (!this.$__.ownerDocument) {
+      // optimization
+      this.$__.ownerDocument = parent;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return path
+    ? this.$__.fullPath + '.' + path
+    : this.$__.fullPath;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this sub-documents parent document.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.parent = function() {
+  return this[documentArrayParent];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this sub-documents parent document.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.$parent = EmbeddedDocument.prototype.parent;
+
+/**
+ * Returns this sub-documents parent array.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+EmbeddedDocument.prototype.parentArray = function() {
+  return this.__parentArray;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = EmbeddedDocument;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1945a03d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+exports.Array = require('./array');
+exports.Buffer = require('./buffer');
+
+exports.Document = // @deprecate
+exports.Embedded = require('./embedded');
+
+exports.DocumentArray = require('./documentarray');
+exports.Decimal128 = require('./decimal128');
+exports.ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+
+exports.Map = require('./map');
+
+exports.Subdocument = require('./subdocument');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/map.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d67324ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Mixed = require('../schema/mixed');
+const ObjectId = require('./objectid');
+const deepEqual = require('../utils').deepEqual;
+const get = require('../helpers/get');
+const handleSpreadDoc = require('../helpers/document/handleSpreadDoc');
+const util = require('util');
+const specialProperties = require('../helpers/specialProperties');
+
+const populateModelSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').populateModelSymbol;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+class MongooseMap extends Map {
+  constructor(v, path, doc, schemaType) {
+    if (v != null && v.constructor.name === 'Object') {
+      v = Object.keys(v).reduce((arr, key) => arr.concat([[key, v[key]]]), []);
+    }
+    super(v);
+    this.$__parent = doc != null && doc.$__ != null ? doc : null;
+    this.$__path = path;
+    this.$__schemaType = schemaType == null ? new Mixed(path) : schemaType;
+
+    this.$__runDeferred();
+  }
+
+  $init(key, value) {
+    checkValidKey(key);
+
+    super.set(key, value);
+
+    if (value != null && value.$isSingleNested) {
+      value.$basePath = this.$__path + '.' + key;
+    }
+  }
+
+  $__set(key, value) {
+    super.set(key, value);
+  }
+
+  get(key, options) {
+    if (key instanceof ObjectId) {
+      key = key.toString();
+    }
+
+    options = options || {};
+    if (options.getters === false) {
+      return super.get(key);
+    }
+    return this.$__schemaType.applyGetters(super.get(key), this.$__parent);
+  }
+
+  set(key, value) {
+    if (key instanceof ObjectId) {
+      key = key.toString();
+    }
+
+    checkValidKey(key);
+    value = handleSpreadDoc(value);
+
+    // Weird, but because you can't assign to `this` before calling `super()`
+    // you can't get access to `$__schemaType` to cast in the initial call to
+    // `set()` from the `super()` constructor.
+
+    if (this.$__schemaType == null) {
+      this.$__deferred = this.$__deferred || [];
+      this.$__deferred.push({ key: key, value: value });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const fullPath = this.$__path + '.' + key;
+    const populated = this.$__parent != null && this.$__parent.$__ ?
+      this.$__parent.populated(fullPath) || this.$__parent.populated(this.$__path) :
+      null;
+    const priorVal = this.get(key);
+
+    if (populated != null) {
+      if (value.$__ == null) {
+        value = new populated.options[populateModelSymbol](value);
+      }
+      value.$__.wasPopulated = true;
+    } else {
+      try {
+        value = this.$__schemaType.
+          applySetters(value, this.$__parent, false, this.get(key), { path: fullPath });
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (this.$__parent != null && this.$__parent.$__ != null) {
+          this.$__parent.invalidate(fullPath, error);
+          return;
+        }
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+
+    super.set(key, value);
+
+    if (value != null && value.$isSingleNested) {
+      value.$basePath = this.$__path + '.' + key;
+    }
+
+    const parent = this.$__parent;
+    if (parent != null && parent.$__ != null && !deepEqual(value, priorVal)) {
+      parent.markModified(this.$__path + '.' + key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  clear() {
+    super.clear();
+    const parent = this.$__parent;
+    if (parent != null) {
+      parent.markModified(this.$__path);
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete(key) {
+    if (key instanceof ObjectId) {
+      key = key.toString();
+    }
+
+    this.set(key, undefined);
+    super.delete(key);
+  }
+
+  toBSON() {
+    return new Map(this);
+  }
+
+  toObject(options) {
+    if (get(options, 'flattenMaps')) {
+      const ret = {};
+      const keys = this.keys();
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        ret[key] = this.get(key);
+      }
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    return new Map(this);
+  }
+
+  toJSON() {
+    const ret = {};
+    const keys = this.keys();
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      ret[key] = this.get(key);
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  inspect() {
+    return new Map(this);
+  }
+
+  $__runDeferred() {
+    if (!this.$__deferred) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (const keyValueObject of this.$__deferred) {
+      this.set(keyValueObject.key, keyValueObject.value);
+    }
+
+    this.$__deferred = null;
+  }
+}
+
+if (util.inspect.custom) {
+  Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, util.inspect.custom, {
+    enumerable: false,
+    writable: false,
+    configurable: false,
+    value: MongooseMap.prototype.inspect
+  });
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, '$__set', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true,
+  configurable: false
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, '$__parent', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true,
+  configurable: false
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, '$__path', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true,
+  configurable: false
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, '$__schemaType', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: true,
+  configurable: false
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, '$isMongooseMap', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: false,
+  configurable: false,
+  value: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(MongooseMap.prototype, '$__deferredCalls', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  writable: false,
+  configurable: false,
+  value: true
+});
+
+/*!
+ * Since maps are stored as objects under the hood, keys must be strings
+ * and can't contain any invalid characters
+ */
+
+function checkValidKey(key) {
+  const keyType = typeof key;
+  if (keyType !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError(`Mongoose maps only support string keys, got ${keyType}`);
+  }
+  if (key.startsWith('$')) {
+    throw new Error(`Mongoose maps do not support keys that start with "$", got "${key}"`);
+  }
+  if (key.includes('.')) {
+    throw new Error(`Mongoose maps do not support keys that contain ".", got "${key}"`);
+  }
+  if (specialProperties.has(key)) {
+    throw new Error(`Mongoose maps do not support reserved key name "${key}"`);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = MongooseMap;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/objectid.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/objectid.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19e3d90e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/objectid.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * ObjectId type constructor
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     const id = new mongoose.Types.ObjectId;
+ *
+ * @constructor ObjectId
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const ObjectId = require('../driver').get().ObjectId;
+const objectIdSymbol = require('../helpers/symbols').objectIdSymbol;
+
+/*!
+ * Getter for convenience with populate, see gh-6115
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(ObjectId.prototype, '_id', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  configurable: true,
+  get: function() {
+    return this;
+  }
+});
+
+ObjectId.prototype[objectIdSymbol] = true;
+
+module.exports = ObjectId;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/subdocument.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/subdocument.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a8612b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/subdocument.js
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Document = require('../document');
+const immediate = require('../helpers/immediate');
+const internalToObjectOptions = require('../options').internalToObjectOptions;
+const promiseOrCallback = require('../helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+
+const documentArrayParent = require('../helpers/symbols').documentArrayParent;
+
+module.exports = Subdocument;
+
+/**
+ * Subdocument constructor.
+ *
+ * @inherits Document
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function Subdocument(value, fields, parent, skipId, options) {
+  this.$isSingleNested = true;
+  if (options != null && options.path != null) {
+    this.$basePath = options.path;
+  }
+  const hasPriorDoc = options != null && options.priorDoc;
+  let initedPaths = null;
+  if (hasPriorDoc) {
+    this._doc = Object.assign({}, options.priorDoc._doc);
+    delete this._doc[this.$__schema.options.discriminatorKey];
+    initedPaths = Object.keys(options.priorDoc._doc || {}).
+      filter(key => key !== this.$__schema.options.discriminatorKey);
+  }
+  if (parent != null) {
+    // If setting a nested path, should copy isNew from parent re: gh-7048
+    options = Object.assign({}, options, {
+      isNew: parent.isNew,
+      defaults: parent.$__.$options.defaults
+    });
+  }
+  Document.call(this, value, fields, skipId, options);
+
+  if (hasPriorDoc) {
+    for (const key of initedPaths) {
+      if (!this.$__.activePaths.states.modify[key] &&
+          !this.$__.activePaths.states.default[key] &&
+          !this.$__.$setCalled.has(key)) {
+        const schematype = this.$__schema.path(key);
+        const def = schematype == null ? void 0 : schematype.getDefault(this);
+        if (def === void 0) {
+          delete this._doc[key];
+        } else {
+          this._doc[key] = def;
+          this.$__.activePaths.default(key);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    delete options.priorDoc;
+    delete this.$__.$options.priorDoc;
+  }
+}
+
+Subdocument.prototype = Object.create(Document.prototype);
+
+Subdocument.prototype.toBSON = function() {
+  return this.toObject(internalToObjectOptions);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Used as a stub for middleware
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * _This is a no-op. Does not actually save the doc to the db._
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @return {Promise} resolved Promise
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.save = function(options, fn) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    fn = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+  options = options || {};
+
+  if (!options.suppressWarning) {
+    console.warn('mongoose: calling `save()` on a subdoc does **not** save ' +
+      'the document to MongoDB, it only runs save middleware. ' +
+      'Use `subdoc.save({ suppressWarning: true })` to hide this warning ' +
+      'if you\'re sure this behavior is right for your app.');
+  }
+
+  return promiseOrCallback(fn, cb => {
+    this.$__save(cb);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Used as a stub for middleware
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * _This is a no-op. Does not actually save the doc to the db._
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [fn]
+ * @method $__save
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.$__save = function(fn) {
+  return immediate(() => fn(null, this));
+};
+
+Subdocument.prototype.$isValid = function(path) {
+  if (this.$__parent && this.$basePath) {
+    return this.$__parent.$isValid([this.$basePath, path].join('.'));
+  }
+  return Document.prototype.$isValid.call(this, path);
+};
+
+Subdocument.prototype.markModified = function(path) {
+  Document.prototype.markModified.call(this, path);
+
+  if (this.$__parent && this.$basePath) {
+    if (this.$__parent.isDirectModified(this.$basePath)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.$__parent.markModified([this.$basePath, path].join('.'), this);
+  }
+};
+
+Subdocument.prototype.isModified = function(paths, modifiedPaths) {
+  if (this.$__parent && this.$basePath) {
+    if (Array.isArray(paths) || typeof paths === 'string') {
+      paths = (Array.isArray(paths) ? paths : paths.split(' '));
+      paths = paths.map(p => [this.$basePath, p].join('.'));
+
+      return this.$__parent.isModified(paths, modifiedPaths);
+    }
+
+    return this.$__parent.isModified(this.$basePath);
+  }
+
+  return Document.prototype.isModified.call(this, paths, modifiedPaths);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Marks a path as valid, removing existing validation errors.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path the field to mark as valid
+ * @api private
+ * @method $markValid
+ * @receiver Subdocument
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.$markValid = function(path) {
+  Document.prototype.$markValid.call(this, path);
+  if (this.$__parent && this.$basePath) {
+    this.$__parent.$markValid([this.$basePath, path].join('.'));
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.invalidate = function(path, err, val) {
+  // Hack: array subdocuments' validationError is equal to the owner doc's,
+  // so validating an array subdoc gives the top-level doc back. Temporary
+  // workaround for #5208 so we don't have circular errors.
+  if (err !== this.ownerDocument().$__.validationError) {
+    Document.prototype.invalidate.call(this, path, err, val);
+  }
+
+  if (this.$__parent && this.$basePath) {
+    this.$__parent.invalidate([this.$basePath, path].join('.'), err, val);
+  } else if (err.kind === 'cast' || err.name === 'CastError') {
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  return this.ownerDocument().$__.validationError;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.$ignore = function(path) {
+  Document.prototype.$ignore.call(this, path);
+  if (this.$__parent && this.$basePath) {
+    this.$__parent.$ignore([this.$basePath, path].join('.'));
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the top level document of this sub-document.
+ *
+ * @return {Document}
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.ownerDocument = function() {
+  if (this.$__.ownerDocument) {
+    return this.$__.ownerDocument;
+  }
+
+  let parent = this.$__parent;
+  if (!parent) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  while (parent.$__parent || parent[documentArrayParent]) {
+    parent = parent.$__parent || parent[documentArrayParent];
+  }
+
+  this.$__.ownerDocument = parent;
+  return this.$__.ownerDocument;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this sub-documents parent document.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.parent = function() {
+  return this.$__parent;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns this sub-documents parent document.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.$parent = Subdocument.prototype.parent;
+
+/*!
+ * no-op for hooks
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.$__remove = function(cb) {
+  return cb(null, this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Null-out this subdoc
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback] optional callback for compatibility with Document.prototype.remove
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.remove = function(options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    callback = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+  registerRemoveListener(this);
+
+  // If removing entire doc, no need to remove subdoc
+  if (!options || !options.noop) {
+    this.$__parent.set(this.$basePath, null);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    callback(null);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+Subdocument.prototype.populate = function() {
+  throw new Error('Mongoose does not support calling populate() on nested ' +
+    'docs. Instead of `doc.nested.populate("path")`, use ' +
+    '`doc.populate("nested.path")`');
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Registers remove event listeners for triggering
+ * on subdocuments.
+ *
+ * @param {Subdocument} sub
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function registerRemoveListener(sub) {
+  let owner = sub.ownerDocument();
+
+  function emitRemove() {
+    owner.removeListener('save', emitRemove);
+    owner.removeListener('remove', emitRemove);
+    sub.emit('remove', sub);
+    sub.constructor.emit('remove', sub);
+    owner = sub = null;
+  }
+
+  owner.on('save', emitRemove);
+  owner.on('remove', emitRemove);
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6e2dc4e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+const ms = require('ms');
+const mpath = require('mpath');
+const sliced = require('sliced');
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+const Decimal = require('./types/decimal128');
+const ObjectId = require('./types/objectid');
+const PopulateOptions = require('./options/PopulateOptions');
+const clone = require('./helpers/clone');
+const immediate = require('./helpers/immediate');
+const isObject = require('./helpers/isObject');
+const isBsonType = require('./helpers/isBsonType');
+const getFunctionName = require('./helpers/getFunctionName');
+const isMongooseObject = require('./helpers/isMongooseObject');
+const promiseOrCallback = require('./helpers/promiseOrCallback');
+const schemaMerge = require('./helpers/schema/merge');
+const specialProperties = require('./helpers/specialProperties');
+
+let Document;
+
+exports.specialProperties = specialProperties;
+
+/*!
+ * Produces a collection name from model `name`. By default, just returns
+ * the model name
+ *
+ * @param {String} name a model name
+ * @param {Function} pluralize function that pluralizes the collection name
+ * @return {String} a collection name
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.toCollectionName = function(name, pluralize) {
+  if (name === 'system.profile') {
+    return name;
+  }
+  if (name === 'system.indexes') {
+    return name;
+  }
+  if (typeof pluralize === 'function') {
+    return pluralize(name);
+  }
+  return name;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if `a` and `b` are deep equal.
+ *
+ * Modified from node/lib/assert.js
+ *
+ * @param {any} a a value to compare to `b`
+ * @param {any} b a value to compare to `a`
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.deepEqual = function deepEqual(a, b) {
+  if (a === b) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof a !== 'object' && typeof b !== 'object') {
+    return a === b;
+  }
+
+  if (a instanceof Date && b instanceof Date) {
+    return a.getTime() === b.getTime();
+  }
+
+  if ((isBsonType(a, 'ObjectID') && isBsonType(b, 'ObjectID')) ||
+      (isBsonType(a, 'Decimal128') && isBsonType(b, 'Decimal128'))) {
+    return a.toString() === b.toString();
+  }
+
+  if (a instanceof RegExp && b instanceof RegExp) {
+    return a.source === b.source &&
+        a.ignoreCase === b.ignoreCase &&
+        a.multiline === b.multiline &&
+        a.global === b.global;
+  }
+
+  if (a == null || b == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (a.prototype !== b.prototype) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (a instanceof Map && b instanceof Map) {
+    return deepEqual(Array.from(a.keys()), Array.from(b.keys())) &&
+      deepEqual(Array.from(a.values()), Array.from(b.values()));
+  }
+
+  // Handle MongooseNumbers
+  if (a instanceof Number && b instanceof Number) {
+    return a.valueOf() === b.valueOf();
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(a)) {
+    return exports.buffer.areEqual(a, b);
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(a) && Array.isArray(b)) {
+    const len = a.length;
+    if (len !== b.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      if (!deepEqual(a[i], b[i])) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (a.$__ != null) {
+    a = a._doc;
+  } else if (isMongooseObject(a)) {
+    a = a.toObject();
+  }
+
+  if (b.$__ != null) {
+    b = b._doc;
+  } else if (isMongooseObject(b)) {
+    b = b.toObject();
+  }
+
+  const ka = Object.keys(a);
+  const kb = Object.keys(b);
+  const kaLength = ka.length;
+
+  // having the same number of owned properties (keys incorporates
+  // hasOwnProperty)
+  if (kaLength !== kb.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // the same set of keys (although not necessarily the same order),
+  ka.sort();
+  kb.sort();
+
+  // ~~~cheap key test
+  for (let i = kaLength - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    if (ka[i] !== kb[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // equivalent values for every corresponding key, and
+  // ~~~possibly expensive deep test
+  for (const key of ka) {
+    if (!deepEqual(a[key], b[key])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Get the last element of an array
+ */
+
+exports.last = function(arr) {
+  if (arr.length > 0) {
+    return arr[arr.length - 1];
+  }
+  return void 0;
+};
+
+exports.clone = clone;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.promiseOrCallback = promiseOrCallback;
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.omit = function omit(obj, keys) {
+  if (keys == null) {
+    return Object.assign({}, obj);
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(keys)) {
+    keys = [keys];
+  }
+
+  const ret = Object.assign({}, obj);
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    delete ret[key];
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
+
+
+/*!
+ * Shallow copies defaults into options.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} defaults
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Object} the merged object
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.options = function(defaults, options) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(defaults);
+  let i = keys.length;
+  let k;
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  while (i--) {
+    k = keys[i];
+    if (!(k in options)) {
+      options[k] = defaults[k];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return options;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Generates a random string
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.random = function() {
+  return Math.random().toString().substr(3);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Merges `from` into `to` without overwriting existing properties.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} to
+ * @param {Object} from
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.merge = function merge(to, from, options, path) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(from);
+  let i = 0;
+  const len = keys.length;
+  let key;
+
+  path = path || '';
+  const omitNested = options.omitNested || {};
+
+  while (i < len) {
+    key = keys[i++];
+    if (options.omit && options.omit[key]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (omitNested[path]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (specialProperties.has(key)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (to[key] == null) {
+      to[key] = from[key];
+    } else if (exports.isObject(from[key])) {
+      if (!exports.isObject(to[key])) {
+        to[key] = {};
+      }
+      if (from[key] != null) {
+        // Skip merging schemas if we're creating a discriminator schema and
+        // base schema has a given path as a single nested but discriminator schema
+        // has the path as a document array, or vice versa (gh-9534)
+        if (options.isDiscriminatorSchemaMerge &&
+            (from[key].$isSingleNested && to[key].$isMongooseDocumentArray) ||
+            (from[key].$isMongooseDocumentArray && to[key].$isSingleNested)) {
+          continue;
+        } else if (from[key].instanceOfSchema) {
+          if (to[key].instanceOfSchema) {
+            schemaMerge(to[key], from[key].clone(), options.isDiscriminatorSchemaMerge);
+          } else {
+            to[key] = from[key].clone();
+          }
+          continue;
+        } else if (from[key] instanceof ObjectId) {
+          to[key] = new ObjectId(from[key]);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      merge(to[key], from[key], options, path ? path + '.' + key : key);
+    } else if (options.overwrite) {
+      to[key] = from[key];
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Applies toObject recursively.
+ *
+ * @param {Document|Array|Object} obj
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.toObject = function toObject(obj) {
+  Document || (Document = require('./document'));
+  let ret;
+
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  if (obj instanceof Document) {
+    return obj.toObject();
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+    ret = [];
+
+    for (const doc of obj) {
+      ret.push(toObject(doc));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  if (exports.isPOJO(obj)) {
+    ret = {};
+
+    for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) {
+      if (specialProperties.has(k)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      ret[k] = toObject(obj[k]);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+};
+
+exports.isObject = isObject;
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if `arg` is a plain old JavaScript object (POJO). Specifically,
+ * `arg` must be an object but not an instance of any special class, like String,
+ * ObjectId, etc.
+ *
+ * `Object.getPrototypeOf()` is part of ES5: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/getPrototypeOf
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|String|Function|RegExp|any} arg
+ * @api private
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+exports.isPOJO = function isPOJO(arg) {
+  if (arg == null || typeof arg !== 'object') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(arg);
+  // Prototype may be null if you used `Object.create(null)`
+  // Checking `proto`'s constructor is safe because `getPrototypeOf()`
+  // explicitly crosses the boundary from object data to object metadata
+  return !proto || proto.constructor.name === 'Object';
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if `obj` is a built-in object like an array, date, boolean,
+ * etc.
+ */
+
+exports.isNativeObject = function(arg) {
+  return Array.isArray(arg) ||
+    arg instanceof Date ||
+    arg instanceof Boolean ||
+    arg instanceof Number ||
+    arg instanceof String;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if `val` is an object that has no own keys
+ */
+
+exports.isEmptyObject = function(val) {
+  return val != null &&
+    typeof val === 'object' &&
+    Object.keys(val).length === 0;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Search if `obj` or any POJOs nested underneath `obj` has a property named
+ * `key`
+ */
+
+exports.hasKey = function hasKey(obj, key) {
+  const props = Object.keys(obj);
+  for (const prop of props) {
+    if (prop === key) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (exports.isPOJO(obj[prop]) && exports.hasKey(obj[prop], key)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * A faster Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments) alternative
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.args = sliced;
+
+/*!
+ * process.nextTick helper.
+ *
+ * Wraps `callback` in a try/catch + nextTick.
+ *
+ * node-mongodb-native has a habit of state corruption when an error is immediately thrown from within a collection callback.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.tick = function tick(callback) {
+  if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    return;
+  }
+  return function() {
+    try {
+      callback.apply(this, arguments);
+    } catch (err) {
+      // only nextTick on err to get out of
+      // the event loop and avoid state corruption.
+      immediate(function() {
+        throw err;
+      });
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Returns true if `v` is an object that can be serialized as a primitive in
+ * MongoDB
+ */
+
+exports.isMongooseType = function(v) {
+  return v instanceof ObjectId || v instanceof Decimal || v instanceof Buffer;
+};
+
+exports.isMongooseObject = isMongooseObject;
+
+/*!
+ * Converts `expires` options of index objects to `expiresAfterSeconds` options for MongoDB.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.expires = function expires(object) {
+  if (!(object && object.constructor.name === 'Object')) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!('expires' in object)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let when;
+  if (typeof object.expires !== 'string') {
+    when = object.expires;
+  } else {
+    when = Math.round(ms(object.expires) / 1000);
+  }
+  object.expireAfterSeconds = when;
+  delete object.expires;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * populate helper
+ */
+
+exports.populate = function populate(path, select, model, match, options, subPopulate, justOne, count) {
+  // might have passed an object specifying all arguments
+  let obj = null;
+  if (arguments.length === 1) {
+    if (path instanceof PopulateOptions) {
+      return [path];
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(path)) {
+      const singles = makeSingles(path);
+      return singles.map(o => exports.populate(o)[0]);
+    }
+
+    if (exports.isObject(path)) {
+      obj = Object.assign({}, path);
+    } else {
+      obj = { path: path };
+    }
+  } else if (typeof model === 'object') {
+    obj = {
+      path: path,
+      select: select,
+      match: model,
+      options: match
+    };
+  } else {
+    obj = {
+      path: path,
+      select: select,
+      model: model,
+      match: match,
+      options: options,
+      populate: subPopulate,
+      justOne: justOne,
+      count: count
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (typeof obj.path !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('utils.populate: invalid path. Expected string. Got typeof `' + typeof path + '`');
+  }
+
+  return _populateObj(obj);
+
+  // The order of select/conditions args is opposite Model.find but
+  // necessary to keep backward compatibility (select could be
+  // an array, string, or object literal).
+  function makeSingles(arr) {
+    const ret = [];
+    arr.forEach(function(obj) {
+      if (/[\s]/.test(obj.path)) {
+        const paths = obj.path.split(' ');
+        paths.forEach(function(p) {
+          const copy = Object.assign({}, obj);
+          copy.path = p;
+          ret.push(copy);
+        });
+      } else {
+        ret.push(obj);
+      }
+    });
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+};
+
+function _populateObj(obj) {
+  if (Array.isArray(obj.populate)) {
+    const ret = [];
+    obj.populate.forEach(function(obj) {
+      if (/[\s]/.test(obj.path)) {
+        const copy = Object.assign({}, obj);
+        const paths = copy.path.split(' ');
+        paths.forEach(function(p) {
+          copy.path = p;
+          ret.push(exports.populate(copy)[0]);
+        });
+      } else {
+        ret.push(exports.populate(obj)[0]);
+      }
+    });
+    obj.populate = exports.populate(ret);
+  } else if (obj.populate != null && typeof obj.populate === 'object') {
+    obj.populate = exports.populate(obj.populate);
+  }
+
+  const ret = [];
+  const paths = obj.path.split(' ');
+  if (obj.options != null) {
+    obj.options = exports.clone(obj.options);
+  }
+
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    ret.push(new PopulateOptions(Object.assign({}, obj, { path: path })));
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Return the value of `obj` at the given `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ */
+
+exports.getValue = function(path, obj, map) {
+  return mpath.get(path, obj, '_doc', map);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Sets the value of `obj` at the given `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Anything} val
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ */
+
+exports.setValue = function(path, val, obj, map, _copying) {
+  mpath.set(path, val, obj, '_doc', map, _copying);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Returns an array of values from object `o`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} o
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+exports.object = {};
+exports.object.vals = function vals(o) {
+  const keys = Object.keys(o);
+  let i = keys.length;
+  const ret = [];
+
+  while (i--) {
+    ret.push(o[keys[i]]);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * @see exports.options
+ */
+
+exports.object.shallowCopy = exports.options;
+
+/*!
+ * Safer helper for hasOwnProperty checks
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @param {String} prop
+ */
+
+const hop = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+exports.object.hasOwnProperty = function(obj, prop) {
+  return hop.call(obj, prop);
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determine if `val` is null or undefined
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+exports.isNullOrUndefined = function(val) {
+  return val === null || val === undefined;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.array = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Flattens an array.
+ *
+ * [ 1, [ 2, 3, [4] ]] -> [1,2,3,4]
+ *
+ * @param {Array} arr
+ * @param {Function} [filter] If passed, will be invoked with each item in the array. If `filter` returns a falsy value, the item will not be included in the results.
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+exports.array.flatten = function flatten(arr, filter, ret) {
+  ret || (ret = []);
+
+  arr.forEach(function(item) {
+    if (Array.isArray(item)) {
+      flatten(item, filter, ret);
+    } else {
+      if (!filter || filter(item)) {
+        ret.push(item);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const _hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+exports.hasUserDefinedProperty = function(obj, key) {
+  if (obj == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(key)) {
+    for (const k of key) {
+      if (exports.hasUserDefinedProperty(obj, k)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (_hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (typeof obj === 'object' && key in obj) {
+    const v = obj[key];
+    return v !== Object.prototype[key] && v !== Array.prototype[key];
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+const MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = Math.pow(2, 32) - 1;
+
+exports.isArrayIndex = function(val) {
+  if (typeof val === 'number') {
+    return val >= 0 && val <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX;
+  }
+  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(val)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    val = +val;
+    return val >= 0 && val <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Removes duplicate values from an array
+ *
+ * [1, 2, 3, 3, 5] => [1, 2, 3, 5]
+ * [ ObjectId("550988ba0c19d57f697dc45e"), ObjectId("550988ba0c19d57f697dc45e") ]
+ *    => [ObjectId("550988ba0c19d57f697dc45e")]
+ *
+ * @param {Array} arr
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+exports.array.unique = function(arr) {
+  const primitives = new Set();
+  const ids = new Set();
+  const ret = [];
+
+  for (const item of arr) {
+    if (typeof item === 'number' || typeof item === 'string' || item == null) {
+      if (primitives.has(item)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      ret.push(item);
+      primitives.add(item);
+    } else if (item instanceof ObjectId) {
+      if (ids.has(item.toString())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      ret.push(item);
+      ids.add(item.toString());
+    } else {
+      ret.push(item);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Determines if two buffers are equal.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} a
+ * @param {Object} b
+ */
+
+exports.buffer = {};
+exports.buffer.areEqual = function(a, b) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (a.length !== b.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (let i = 0, len = a.length; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+exports.getFunctionName = getFunctionName;
+/*!
+ * Decorate buffers
+ */
+
+exports.decorate = function(destination, source) {
+  for (const key in source) {
+    if (specialProperties.has(key)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    destination[key] = source[key];
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * merges to with a copy of from
+ *
+ * @param {Object} to
+ * @param {Object} fromObj
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.mergeClone = function(to, fromObj) {
+  if (isMongooseObject(fromObj)) {
+    fromObj = fromObj.toObject({
+      transform: false,
+      virtuals: false,
+      depopulate: true,
+      getters: false,
+      flattenDecimals: false
+    });
+  }
+  const keys = Object.keys(fromObj);
+  const len = keys.length;
+  let i = 0;
+  let key;
+
+  while (i < len) {
+    key = keys[i++];
+    if (specialProperties.has(key)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (typeof to[key] === 'undefined') {
+      to[key] = exports.clone(fromObj[key], {
+        transform: false,
+        virtuals: false,
+        depopulate: true,
+        getters: false,
+        flattenDecimals: false
+      });
+    } else {
+      let val = fromObj[key];
+      if (val != null && val.valueOf && !(val instanceof Date)) {
+        val = val.valueOf();
+      }
+      if (exports.isObject(val)) {
+        let obj = val;
+        if (isMongooseObject(val) && !val.isMongooseBuffer) {
+          obj = obj.toObject({
+            transform: false,
+            virtuals: false,
+            depopulate: true,
+            getters: false,
+            flattenDecimals: false
+          });
+        }
+        if (val.isMongooseBuffer) {
+          obj = Buffer.from(obj);
+        }
+        exports.mergeClone(to[key], obj);
+      } else {
+        to[key] = exports.clone(val, {
+          flattenDecimals: false
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes a function on each element of an array (like _.each)
+ *
+ * @param {Array} arr
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.each = function(arr, fn) {
+  for (const item of arr) {
+    fn(item);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.getOption = function(name) {
+  const sources = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+  for (const source of sources) {
+    if (source[name] != null) {
+      return source[name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.noop = function() {};
+
+exports.errorToPOJO = function errorToPOJO(error) {
+  const isError = error instanceof Error;
+  if (!isError) {
+    throw new Error('`error` must be `instanceof Error`.');
+  }
+
+  const ret = {};
+  for (const properyName of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)) {
+    ret[properyName] = error[properyName];
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/validoptions.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/validoptions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb47f316a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/validoptions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+/*!
+ * Valid mongoose options
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const VALID_OPTIONS = Object.freeze([
+  'applyPluginsToChildSchemas',
+  'applyPluginsToDiscriminators',
+  'autoCreate',
+  'autoIndex',
+  'bufferCommands',
+  'bufferTimeoutMS',
+  'cloneSchemas',
+  'debug',
+  'maxTimeMS',
+  'objectIdGetter',
+  'overwriteModels',
+  'returnOriginal',
+  'runValidators',
+  'selectPopulatedPaths',
+  'setDefaultsOnInsert',
+  'strict',
+  'strictQuery',
+  'toJSON',
+  'toObject',
+  'typePojoToMixed',
+  'useCreateIndex',
+  'useFindAndModify',
+  'useNewUrlParser',
+  'usePushEach',
+  'useUnifiedTopology'
+]);
+
+module.exports = VALID_OPTIONS;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/virtualtype.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/virtualtype.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c91084e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/lib/virtualtype.js
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const utils = require('./utils');
+
+/**
+ * VirtualType constructor
+ *
+ * This is what mongoose uses to define virtual attributes via `Schema.prototype.virtual`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const fullname = schema.virtual('fullname');
+ *     fullname instanceof mongoose.VirtualType // true
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {string|function} [options.ref] if `ref` is not nullish, this becomes a [populated virtual](/docs/populate.html#populate-virtuals)
+ * @param {string|function} [options.localField] the local field to populate on if this is a populated virtual.
+ * @param {string|function} [options.foreignField] the foreign field to populate on if this is a populated virtual.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.justOne=false] by default, a populated virtual is an array. If you set `justOne`, the populated virtual will be a single doc or `null`.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.getters=false] if you set this to `true`, Mongoose will call any custom getters you defined on this virtual
+ * @param {boolean} [options.count=false] if you set this to `true`, `populate()` will set this virtual to the number of populated documents, as opposed to the documents themselves, using [`Query#countDocuments()`](./api.html#query_Query-countDocuments)
+ * @param {Object|Function} [options.match=null] add an extra match condition to `populate()`
+ * @param {Number} [options.limit=null] add a default `limit` to the `populate()` query
+ * @param {Number} [options.skip=null] add a default `skip` to the `populate()` query
+ * @param {Number} [options.perDocumentLimit=null] For legacy reasons, `limit` with `populate()` may give incorrect results because it only executes a single query for every document being populated. If you set `perDocumentLimit`, Mongoose will ensure correct `limit` per document by executing a separate query for each document to `populate()`. For example, `.find().populate({ path: 'test', perDocumentLimit: 2 })` will execute 2 additional queries if `.find()` returns 2 documents.
+ * @param {Object} [options.options=null] Additional options like `limit` and `lean`.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function VirtualType(options, name) {
+  this.path = name;
+  this.getters = [];
+  this.setters = [];
+  this.options = Object.assign({}, options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * If no getters/getters, add a default
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {VirtualType} this
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+VirtualType.prototype._applyDefaultGetters = function() {
+  if (this.getters.length > 0 || this.setters.length > 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const path = this.path;
+  const internalProperty = '$' + path;
+  this.getters.push(function() {
+    return this[internalProperty];
+  });
+  this.setters.push(function(v) {
+    this[internalProperty] = v;
+  });
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+VirtualType.prototype.clone = function() {
+  const clone = new VirtualType(this.options, this.path);
+  clone.getters = [].concat(this.getters);
+  clone.setters = [].concat(this.setters);
+  return clone;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a custom getter to this virtual.
+ *
+ * Mongoose calls the getter function with the below 3 parameters.
+ *
+ * - `value`: the value returned by the previous getter. If there is only one getter, `value` will be `undefined`.
+ * - `virtual`: the virtual object you called `.get()` on
+ * - `doc`: the document this virtual is attached to. Equivalent to `this`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const virtual = schema.virtual('fullname');
+ *     virtual.get(function(value, virtual, doc) {
+ *       return this.name.first + ' ' + this.name.last;
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Function(Any, VirtualType, Document)} fn
+ * @return {VirtualType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+VirtualType.prototype.get = function(fn) {
+  this.getters.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a custom setter to this virtual.
+ *
+ * Mongoose calls the setter function with the below 3 parameters.
+ *
+ * - `value`: the value being set
+ * - `virtual`: the virtual object you're calling `.set()` on
+ * - `doc`: the document this virtual is attached to. Equivalent to `this`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     const virtual = schema.virtual('fullname');
+ *     virtual.set(function(value, virtual, doc) {
+ *       const parts = value.split(' ');
+ *       this.name.first = parts[0];
+ *       this.name.last = parts[1];
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);
+ *     const doc = new Model();
+ *     // Calls the setter with `value = 'Jean-Luc Picard'`
+ *     doc.fullname = 'Jean-Luc Picard';
+ *     doc.name.first; // 'Jean-Luc'
+ *     doc.name.last; // 'Picard'
+ *
+ * @param {Function(Any, VirtualType, Document)} fn
+ * @return {VirtualType} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+VirtualType.prototype.set = function(fn) {
+  this.setters.push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies getters to `value`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Document} doc The document this virtual is attached to
+ * @return {any} the value after applying all getters
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+VirtualType.prototype.applyGetters = function(value, doc) {
+  if (utils.hasUserDefinedProperty(this.options, ['ref', 'refPath']) &&
+      doc.$$populatedVirtuals &&
+      doc.$$populatedVirtuals.hasOwnProperty(this.path)) {
+    value = doc.$$populatedVirtuals[this.path];
+  }
+
+  let v = value;
+  for (let l = this.getters.length - 1; l >= 0; l--) {
+    v = this.getters[l].call(doc, v, this, doc);
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies setters to `value`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @param {Document} doc
+ * @return {any} the value after applying all setters
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+VirtualType.prototype.applySetters = function(value, doc) {
+  let v = value;
+  for (let l = this.setters.length - 1; l >= 0; l--) {
+    v = this.setters[l].call(doc, v, this, doc);
+  }
+  return v;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * exports
+ */
+
+module.exports = VirtualType;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4498bcc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var w = d * 7;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isFinite(val)) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^(-?(?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'weeks':
+    case 'week':
+    case 'w':
+      return n * w;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, d, 'day');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, h, 'hour');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, m, 'minute');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, s, 'second');
+  }
+  return ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, msAbs, n, name) {
+  var isPlural = msAbs >= n * 1.5;
+  return Math.round(ms / n) + ' ' + name + (isPlural ? 's' : '');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/license.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b61253a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Zeit, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..172d2ae6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_id": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w==",
+  "_location": "/mongoose/ms",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ms@2.1.2",
+    "name": "ms",
+    "escapedName": "ms",
+    "rawSpec": "2.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d09d1f357b443f493382a8eb3ccd183872ae6009",
+  "_spec": "ms@2.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/zeit/ms/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Tiny millisecond conversion utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "4.12.1",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.14.3",
+    "lint-staged": "5.0.0",
+    "mocha": "4.0.1"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/zeit/ms#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "ms",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/zeit/ms.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a1996b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# ms
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms)
+[![Join the community on Spectrum](https://withspectrum.github.io/badge/badge.svg)](https://spectrum.chat/zeit)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+ms('-3 days') // -259200000
+ms('-1h')     // -3600000
+ms('-200')    // -200
+```
+
+### Convert from Milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(-3 * 60000)        // "-3m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time Format Written-Out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(-3 * 60000, { long: true })        // "-3 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`)
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent milliseconds is returned
+
+## Related Packages
+
+- [ms.macro](https://github.com/knpwrs/ms.macro) - Run `ms` as a macro at build-time.
+
+## Caught a Bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, Node.js will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c068ceec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9a81afd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+# safe-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url]
+
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/feross/safe-buffer/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/feross/safe-buffer
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safe-buffer.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/safe-buffer.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
+[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
+[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
+
+#### Safer Node.js Buffer API
+
+**Use the new Node.js Buffer APIs (`Buffer.from`, `Buffer.alloc`,
+`Buffer.allocUnsafe`, `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow`) in all versions of Node.js.**
+
+**Uses the built-in implementation when available.**
+
+## install
+
+```
+npm install safe-buffer
+```
+
+## usage
+
+The goal of this package is to provide a safe replacement for the node.js `Buffer`.
+
+It's a drop-in replacement for `Buffer`. You can use it by adding one `require` line to
+the top of your node.js modules:
+
+```js
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+
+// Existing buffer code will continue to work without issues:
+
+new Buffer('hey', 'utf8')
+new Buffer([1, 2, 3], 'utf8')
+new Buffer(obj)
+new Buffer(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
+
+// But you can use these new explicit APIs to make clear what you want:
+
+Buffer.from('hey', 'utf8') // convert from many types to a Buffer
+Buffer.alloc(16) // create a zero-filled buffer (safe)
+Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
+```
+
+## api
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(array)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v3.0.0
+-->
+
+* `array` {Array}
+
+Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.from([0x62,0x75,0x66,0x66,0x65,0x72]);
+  // creates a new Buffer containing ASCII bytes
+  // ['b','u','f','f','e','r']
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `array` is not an `Array`.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `arrayBuffer` {ArrayBuffer} The `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` or
+  a `new ArrayBuffer()`
+* `byteOffset` {Number} Default: `0`
+* `length` {Number} Default: `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
+
+When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` instance,
+the newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the
+TypedArray.
+
+```js
+const arr = new Uint16Array(2);
+arr[0] = 5000;
+arr[1] = 4000;
+
+const buf = Buffer.from(arr.buffer); // shares the memory with arr;
+
+console.log(buf);
+  // Prints: <Buffer 88 13 a0 0f>
+
+// changing the TypedArray changes the Buffer also
+arr[1] = 6000;
+
+console.log(buf);
+  // Prints: <Buffer 88 13 70 17>
+```
+
+The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
+the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
+
+```js
+const ab = new ArrayBuffer(10);
+const buf = Buffer.from(ab, 0, 2);
+console.log(buf.length);
+  // Prints: 2
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `arrayBuffer` is not an `ArrayBuffer`.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(buffer)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v3.0.0
+-->
+
+* `buffer` {Buffer}
+
+Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
+
+```js
+const buf1 = Buffer.from('buffer');
+const buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);
+
+buf1[0] = 0x61;
+console.log(buf1.toString());
+  // 'auffer'
+console.log(buf2.toString());
+  // 'buffer' (copy is not changed)
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `buffer` is not a `Buffer`.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `str` {String} String to encode.
+* `encoding` {String} Encoding to use, Default: `'utf8'`
+
+Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `str`. If
+provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding.
+If not provided, `encoding` defaults to `'utf8'`.
+
+```js
+const buf1 = Buffer.from('this is a tést');
+console.log(buf1.toString());
+  // prints: this is a tést
+console.log(buf1.toString('ascii'));
+  // prints: this is a tC)st
+
+const buf2 = Buffer.from('7468697320697320612074c3a97374', 'hex');
+console.log(buf2.toString());
+  // prints: this is a tést
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `str` is not a string.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `size` {Number}
+* `fill` {Value} Default: `undefined`
+* `encoding` {String} Default: `utf8`
+
+Allocates a new `Buffer` of `size` bytes. If `fill` is `undefined`, the
+`Buffer` will be *zero-filled*.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc(5);
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
+```
+
+The `size` must be less than or equal to the value of
+`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
+`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
+be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
+
+If `fill` is specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be initialized by calling
+`buf.fill(fill)`. See [`buf.fill()`][] for more information.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc(5, 'a');
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 61 61 61 61 61>
+```
+
+If both `fill` and `encoding` are specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be
+initialized by calling `buf.fill(fill, encoding)`. For example:
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc(11, 'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=', 'base64');
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64>
+```
+
+Calling `Buffer.alloc(size)` can be significantly slower than the alternative
+`Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` but ensures that the newly created `Buffer` instance
+contents will *never contain sensitive data*.
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `size` {Number}
+
+Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* `Buffer` of `size` bytes.  The `size` must
+be less than or equal to the value of `require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit
+architectures, `kMaxLength` is `(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is
+thrown. A zero-length Buffer will be created if a `size` less than or equal to
+0 is specified.
+
+The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
+initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
+*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
+`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(5);
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 78 e0 82 02 01>
+  // (octets will be different, every time)
+buf.fill(0);
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
+
+Note that the `Buffer` module pre-allocates an internal `Buffer` instance of
+size `Buffer.poolSize` that is used as a pool for the fast allocation of new
+`Buffer` instances created using `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` (and the deprecated
+`new Buffer(size)` constructor) only when `size` is less than or equal to
+`Buffer.poolSize >> 1` (floor of `Buffer.poolSize` divided by two). The default
+value of `Buffer.poolSize` is `8192` but can be modified.
+
+Use of this pre-allocated internal memory pool is a key difference between
+calling `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` vs. `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)`.
+Specifically, `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` will *never* use the internal Buffer
+pool, while `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)` *will* use the internal
+Buffer pool if `size` is less than or equal to half `Buffer.poolSize`. The
+difference is subtle but can be important when an application requires the
+additional performance that `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` provides.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `size` {Number}
+
+Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* and non-pooled `Buffer` of `size` bytes.  The
+`size` must be less than or equal to the value of
+`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
+`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
+be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
+
+The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
+initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
+*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
+`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
+
+When using `Buffer.allocUnsafe()` to allocate new `Buffer` instances,
+allocations under 4KB are, by default, sliced from a single pre-allocated
+`Buffer`. This allows applications to avoid the garbage collection overhead of
+creating many individually allocated Buffers. This approach improves both
+performance and memory usage by eliminating the need to track and cleanup as
+many `Persistent` objects.
+
+However, in the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of
+memory from a pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate
+to create an un-pooled Buffer instance using `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` then
+copy out the relevant bits.
+
+```js
+// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
+const store = [];
+
+socket.on('readable', () => {
+  const data = socket.read();
+  // allocate for retained data
+  const sb = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(10);
+  // copy the data into the new allocation
+  data.copy(sb, 0, 0, 10);
+  store.push(sb);
+});
+```
+
+Use of `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` should be used only as a last resort *after*
+a developer has observed undue memory retention in their applications.
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
+
+### All the Rest
+
+The rest of the `Buffer` API is exactly the same as in node.js.
+[See the docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html).
+
+
+## Related links
+
+- [Node.js issue: Buffer(number) is unsafe](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660)
+- [Node.js Enhancement Proposal: Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc/Buffer.zalloc/Buffer() soft-deprecate](https://github.com/nodejs/node-eps/pull/4)
+
+## Why is `Buffer` unsafe?
+
+Today, the node.js `Buffer` constructor is overloaded to handle many different argument
+types like `String`, `Array`, `Object`, `TypedArrayView` (`Uint8Array`, etc.),
+`ArrayBuffer`, and also `Number`.
+
+The API is optimized for convenience: you can throw any type at it, and it will try to do
+what you want.
+
+Because the Buffer constructor is so powerful, you often see code like this:
+
+```js
+// Convert UTF-8 strings to hex
+function toHex (str) {
+  return new Buffer(str).toString('hex')
+}
+```
+
+***But what happens if `toHex` is called with a `Number` argument?***
+
+### Remote Memory Disclosure
+
+If an attacker can make your program call the `Buffer` constructor with a `Number`
+argument, then they can make it allocate uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
+This could potentially disclose TLS private keys, user data, or database passwords.
+
+When the `Buffer` constructor is passed a `Number` argument, it returns an
+**UNINITIALIZED** block of memory of the specified `size`. When you create a `Buffer` like
+this, you **MUST** overwrite the contents before returning it to the user.
+
+From the [node.js docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_new_buffer_size):
+
+> `new Buffer(size)`
+>
+> - `size` Number
+>
+> The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is not initialized.
+> **The contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain sensitive
+> data.** Use `buf.fill(0)` to initialize a Buffer to zeroes.
+
+(Emphasis our own.)
+
+Whenever the programmer intended to create an uninitialized `Buffer` you often see code
+like this:
+
+```js
+var buf = new Buffer(16)
+
+// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
+for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+  buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
+}
+```
+
+
+### Would this ever be a problem in real code?
+
+Yes. It's surprisingly common to forget to check the type of your variables in a
+dynamically-typed language like JavaScript.
+
+Usually the consequences of assuming the wrong type is that your program crashes with an
+uncaught exception. But the failure mode for forgetting to check the type of arguments to
+the `Buffer` constructor is more catastrophic.
+
+Here's an example of a vulnerable service that takes a JSON payload and converts it to
+hex:
+
+```js
+// Take a JSON payload {str: "some string"} and convert it to hex
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var data = ''
+  req.setEncoding('utf8')
+  req.on('data', function (chunk) {
+    data += chunk
+  })
+  req.on('end', function () {
+    var body = JSON.parse(data)
+    res.end(new Buffer(body.str).toString('hex'))
+  })
+})
+
+server.listen(8080)
+```
+
+In this example, an http client just has to send:
+
+```json
+{
+  "str": 1000
+}
+```
+
+and it will get back 1,000 bytes of uninitialized memory from the server.
+
+This is a very serious bug. It's similar in severity to the
+[the Heartbleed bug](http://heartbleed.com/) that allowed disclosure of OpenSSL process
+memory by remote attackers.
+
+
+### Which real-world packages were vulnerable?
+
+#### [`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht)
+
+[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and I
+([Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/)) found this issue in one of our own packages,
+[`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht). The bug would allow
+anyone on the internet to send a series of messages to a user of `bittorrent-dht` and get
+them to reveal 20 bytes at a time of uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
+
+Here's
+[the commit](https://github.com/feross/bittorrent-dht/commit/6c7da04025d5633699800a99ec3fbadf70ad35b8)
+that fixed it. We released a new fixed version, created a
+[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68), and deprecated all
+vulnerable versions on npm so users will get a warning to upgrade to a newer version.
+
+#### [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws)
+
+That got us wondering if there were other vulnerable packages. Sure enough, within a short
+period of time, we found the same issue in [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws), the
+most popular WebSocket implementation in node.js.
+
+If certain APIs were called with `Number` parameters instead of `String` or `Buffer` as
+expected, then uninitialized server memory would be disclosed to the remote peer.
+
+These were the vulnerable methods:
+
+```js
+socket.send(number)
+socket.ping(number)
+socket.pong(number)
+```
+
+Here's a vulnerable socket server with some echo functionality:
+
+```js
+server.on('connection', function (socket) {
+  socket.on('message', function (message) {
+    message = JSON.parse(message)
+    if (message.type === 'echo') {
+      socket.send(message.data) // send back the user's message
+    }
+  })
+})
+```
+
+`socket.send(number)` called on the server, will disclose server memory.
+
+Here's [the release](https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1) where the issue
+was fixed, with a more detailed explanation. Props to
+[Arnout Kazemier](https://github.com/3rd-Eden) for the quick fix. Here's the
+[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67).
+
+
+### What's the solution?
+
+It's important that node.js offers a fast way to get memory otherwise performance-critical
+applications would needlessly get a lot slower.
+
+But we need a better way to *signal our intent* as programmers. **When we want
+uninitialized memory, we should request it explicitly.**
+
+Sensitive functionality should not be packed into a developer-friendly API that loosely
+accepts many different types. This type of API encourages the lazy practice of passing
+variables in without checking the type very carefully.
+
+#### A new API: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`
+
+The functionality of creating buffers with uninitialized memory should be part of another
+API. We propose `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`. This way, it's not part of an API that
+frequently gets user input of all sorts of different types passed into it.
+
+```js
+var buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // careful, uninitialized memory!
+
+// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
+for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+  buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
+}
+```
+
+
+### How do we fix node.js core?
+
+We sent [a PR to node.js core](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514) (merged as
+`semver-major`) which defends against one case:
+
+```js
+var str = 16
+new Buffer(str, 'utf8')
+```
+
+In this situation, it's implied that the programmer intended the first argument to be a
+string, since they passed an encoding as a second argument. Today, node.js will allocate
+uninitialized memory in the case of `new Buffer(number, encoding)`, which is probably not
+what the programmer intended.
+
+But this is only a partial solution, since if the programmer does `new Buffer(variable)`
+(without an `encoding` parameter) there's no way to know what they intended. If `variable`
+is sometimes a number, then uninitialized memory will sometimes be returned.
+
+### What's the real long-term fix?
+
+We could deprecate and remove `new Buffer(number)` and use `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` when
+we need uninitialized memory. But that would break 1000s of packages.
+
+~~We believe the best solution is to:~~
+
+~~1. Change `new Buffer(number)` to return safe, zeroed-out memory~~
+
+~~2. Create a new API for creating uninitialized Buffers. We propose: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`~~
+
+#### Update
+
+We now support adding three new APIs:
+
+- `Buffer.from(value)` - convert from any type to a buffer
+- `Buffer.alloc(size)` - create a zero-filled buffer
+- `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` - create an uninitialized buffer with given size
+
+This solves the core problem that affected `ws` and `bittorrent-dht` which is
+`Buffer(variable)` getting tricked into taking a number argument.
+
+This way, existing code continues working and the impact on the npm ecosystem will be
+minimal. Over time, npm maintainers can migrate performance-critical code to use
+`Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` instead of `new Buffer(number)`.
+
+
+### Conclusion
+
+We think there's a serious design issue with the `Buffer` API as it exists today. It
+promotes insecure software by putting high-risk functionality into a convenient API
+with friendly "developer ergonomics".
+
+This wasn't merely a theoretical exercise because we found the issue in some of the
+most popular npm packages.
+
+Fortunately, there's an easy fix that can be applied today. Use `safe-buffer` in place of
+`buffer`.
+
+```js
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+```
+
+Eventually, we hope that node.js core can switch to this new, safer behavior. We believe
+the impact on the ecosystem would be minimal since it's not a breaking change.
+Well-maintained, popular packages would be updated to use `Buffer.alloc` quickly, while
+older, insecure packages would magically become safe from this attack vector.
+
+
+## links
+
+- [Node.js PR: buffer: throw if both length and enc are passed](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514)
+- [Node Security Project disclosure for `ws`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)
+- [Node Security Project disclosure for`bittorrent-dht`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)
+
+
+## credit
+
+The original issues in `bittorrent-dht`
+([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)) and
+`ws` ([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)) were discovered by
+[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and
+[Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/).
+
+Thanks to [Adam Baldwin](https://github.com/evilpacket) for helping disclose these issues
+and for his work running the [Node Security Project](https://nodesecurity.io/).
+
+Thanks to [John Hiesey](https://github.com/jhiesey) for proofreading this README and
+auditing the code.
+
+
+## license
+
+MIT. Copyright (C) [Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9fed809a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+declare module "safe-buffer" {
+  export class Buffer {
+    length: number
+    write(string: string, offset?: number, length?: number, encoding?: string): number;
+    toString(encoding?: string, start?: number, end?: number): string;
+    toJSON(): { type: 'Buffer', data: any[] };
+    equals(otherBuffer: Buffer): boolean;
+    compare(otherBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, targetEnd?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
+    copy(targetBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
+    slice(start?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
+    writeUIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readFloatLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readFloatBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readDoubleLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readDoubleBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    swap16(): Buffer;
+    swap32(): Buffer;
+    swap64(): Buffer;
+    writeUInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeFloatLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeFloatBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeDoubleLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeDoubleBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    fill(value: any, offset?: number, end?: number): this;
+    indexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
+    lastIndexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
+    includes(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {str}.
+     *
+     * @param str String to store in buffer.
+     * @param encoding encoding to use, optional.  Default is 'utf8'
+     */
+     constructor (str: string, encoding?: string);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate.
+     */
+    constructor (size: number);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array The octets to store.
+     */
+    constructor (array: Uint8Array);
+    /**
+     * Produces a Buffer backed by the same allocated memory as
+     * the given {ArrayBuffer}.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param arrayBuffer The ArrayBuffer with which to share memory.
+     */
+    constructor (arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array The octets to store.
+     */
+    constructor (array: any[]);
+    /**
+     * Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new {Buffer} instance.
+     *
+     * @param buffer The buffer to copy.
+     */
+    constructor (buffer: Buffer);
+    prototype: Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new Buffer using an {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array
+     */
+    static from(array: any[]): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * When passed a reference to the .buffer property of a TypedArray instance,
+     * the newly created Buffer will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
+     * The optional {byteOffset} and {length} arguments specify a memory range
+     * within the {arrayBuffer} that will be shared by the Buffer.
+     *
+     * @param arrayBuffer The .buffer property of a TypedArray or a new ArrayBuffer()
+     * @param byteOffset
+     * @param length
+     */
+    static from(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset?: number, length?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new Buffer instance.
+     *
+     * @param buffer
+     */
+    static from(buffer: Buffer): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Buffer containing the given JavaScript string {str}.
+     * If provided, the {encoding} parameter identifies the character encoding.
+     * If not provided, {encoding} defaults to 'utf8'.
+     *
+     * @param str
+     */
+    static from(str: string, encoding?: string): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {obj} is a Buffer
+     *
+     * @param obj object to test.
+     */
+    static isBuffer(obj: any): obj is Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {encoding} is a valid encoding argument.
+     * Valid string encodings in Node 0.12: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
+     *
+     * @param encoding string to test.
+     */
+    static isEncoding(encoding: string): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Gives the actual byte length of a string. encoding defaults to 'utf8'.
+     * This is not the same as String.prototype.length since that returns the number of characters in a string.
+     *
+     * @param string string to test.
+     * @param encoding encoding used to evaluate (defaults to 'utf8')
+     */
+    static byteLength(string: string, encoding?: string): number;
+    /**
+     * Returns a buffer which is the result of concatenating all the buffers in the list together.
+     *
+     * If the list has no items, or if the totalLength is 0, then it returns a zero-length buffer.
+     * If the list has exactly one item, then the first item of the list is returned.
+     * If the list has more than one item, then a new Buffer is created.
+     *
+     * @param list An array of Buffer objects to concatenate
+     * @param totalLength Total length of the buffers when concatenated.
+     *   If totalLength is not provided, it is read from the buffers in the list. However, this adds an additional loop to the function, so it is faster to provide the length explicitly.
+     */
+    static concat(list: Buffer[], totalLength?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * The same as buf1.compare(buf2).
+     */
+    static compare(buf1: Buffer, buf2: Buffer): number;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate.
+     * @param fill if specified, buffer will be initialized by calling buf.fill(fill).
+     *    If parameter is omitted, buffer will be filled with zeros.
+     * @param encoding encoding used for call to buf.fill while initalizing
+     */
+    static alloc(size: number, fill?: string | Buffer | number, encoding?: string): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
+     * of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate
+     */
+    static allocUnsafe(size: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new non-pooled buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
+     * of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate
+     */
+    static allocUnsafeSlow(size: number): Buffer;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8d3ec988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*! safe-buffer. MIT License. Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org/opensource> */
+/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
+var buffer = require('buffer')
+var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
+
+// alternative to using Object.keys for old browsers
+function copyProps (src, dst) {
+  for (var key in src) {
+    dst[key] = src[key]
+  }
+}
+if (Buffer.from && Buffer.alloc && Buffer.allocUnsafe && Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow) {
+  module.exports = buffer
+} else {
+  // Copy properties from require('buffer')
+  copyProps(buffer, exports)
+  exports.Buffer = SafeBuffer
+}
+
+function SafeBuffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.prototype = Object.create(Buffer.prototype)
+
+// Copy static methods from Buffer
+copyProps(Buffer, SafeBuffer)
+
+SafeBuffer.from = function (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  if (typeof arg === 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must not be a number')
+  }
+  return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
+  }
+  var buf = Buffer(size)
+  if (fill !== undefined) {
+    if (typeof encoding === 'string') {
+      buf.fill(fill, encoding)
+    } else {
+      buf.fill(fill)
+    }
+  } else {
+    buf.fill(0)
+  }
+  return buf
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
+  }
+  return Buffer(size)
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
+  }
+  return buffer.SlowBuffer(size)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f8182809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/safe-buffer/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "_from": "safe-buffer@5.2.1",
+  "_id": "safe-buffer@5.2.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-rp3So07KcdmmKbGvgaNxQSJr7bGVSVk5S9Eq1F+ppbRo70+YeaDxkw5Dd8NPN+GD6bjnYm2VuPuCXmpuYvmCXQ==",
+  "_location": "/mongoose/safe-buffer",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "safe-buffer@5.2.1",
+    "name": "safe-buffer",
+    "escapedName": "safe-buffer",
+    "rawSpec": "5.2.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "5.2.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.2.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "1eaf9fa9bdb1fdd4ec75f58f9cdb4e6b7827eec6",
+  "_spec": "safe-buffer@5.2.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Feross Aboukhadijeh",
+    "email": "feross@feross.org",
+    "url": "https://feross.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Safer Node.js Buffer API",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "*",
+    "tape": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "funding": [
+    {
+      "type": "github",
+      "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/feross"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "patreon",
+      "url": "https://www.patreon.com/feross"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "consulting",
+      "url": "https://feross.org/support"
+    }
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer",
+  "keywords": [
+    "buffer",
+    "buffer allocate",
+    "node security",
+    "safe",
+    "safe-buffer",
+    "security",
+    "uninitialized"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "safe-buffer",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/feross/safe-buffer.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tape test/*.js"
+  },
+  "types": "index.d.ts",
+  "version": "5.2.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..078849ced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mongoose",
+  "_id": "mongoose@5.12.14",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-1lMRY8cfGYFWHqe5DLnVgNQDyD0fEbSoWIQe9Mllt/ZtayZ5XUFQt+o5VKrB44vsT5cLNzgwEFO0NvwTwqLluQ==",
+  "_location": "/mongoose",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "tag",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mongoose",
+    "name": "mongoose",
+    "escapedName": "mongoose",
+    "rawSpec": "",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "latest"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mongoose/-/mongoose-5.12.14.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "610460f0725acf67b3eefcd92f0a48a08919d51b",
+  "_spec": "mongoose",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Guillermo Rauch",
+    "email": "guillermo@learnboost.com"
+  },
+  "browser": "./dist/browser.umd.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/new"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@types/mongodb": "^3.5.27",
+    "bson": "^1.1.4",
+    "kareem": "2.3.2",
+    "mongodb": "3.6.8",
+    "mongoose-legacy-pluralize": "1.0.2",
+    "mpath": "0.8.3",
+    "mquery": "3.2.5",
+    "ms": "2.1.2",
+    "regexp-clone": "1.0.0",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.2.1",
+    "sift": "13.5.2",
+    "sliced": "1.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Mongoose MongoDB ODM",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@babel/core": "7.10.5",
+    "@babel/preset-env": "7.10.4",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "4.10.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "4.10.0",
+    "acquit": "1.x",
+    "acquit-ignore": "0.1.x",
+    "acquit-require": "0.1.x",
+    "babel-loader": "8.1.0",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "bluebird": "3.5.5",
+    "chalk": "2.4.2",
+    "cheerio": "1.0.0-rc.2",
+    "co": "4.6.0",
+    "dox": "0.3.1",
+    "eslint": "7.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-mocha-no-only": "1.1.0",
+    "highlight.js": "9.18.2",
+    "lodash.isequal": "4.5.0",
+    "lodash.isequalwith": "4.4.0",
+    "marked": "1.1.1",
+    "mocha": "5.x",
+    "moment": "2.x",
+    "mongodb-topology-manager": "1.0.11",
+    "mongoose-long": "0.2.1",
+    "node-static": "0.7.11",
+    "object-sizeof": "1.3.0",
+    "pug": "2.0.3",
+    "q": "1.5.1",
+    "semver": "5.5.0",
+    "typescript": "4.1.x",
+    "uuid": "2.0.3",
+    "uuid-parse": "1.0.0",
+    "validator": "10.8.0",
+    "webpack": "4.44.0"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "lib": "./lib/mongoose"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4.0.0"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": [
+      "eslint:recommended"
+    ],
+    "overrides": [
+      {
+        "files": [
+          "**/*.{ts,tsx}"
+        ],
+        "extends": [
+          "plugin:@typescript-eslint/eslint-recommended",
+          "plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended"
+        ],
+        "plugins": [
+          "@typescript-eslint"
+        ],
+        "rules": {
+          "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off",
+          "@typescript-eslint/ban-types": "off",
+          "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": "off",
+          "@typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types": "off"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "plugins": [
+      "mocha-no-only"
+    ],
+    "parserOptions": {
+      "ecmaVersion": 2015
+    },
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    },
+    "rules": {
+      "comma-style": "error",
+      "indent": [
+        "error",
+        2,
+        {
+          "SwitchCase": 1,
+          "VariableDeclarator": 2
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyword-spacing": "error",
+      "no-whitespace-before-property": "error",
+      "no-buffer-constructor": "warn",
+      "no-console": "off",
+      "no-multi-spaces": "error",
+      "no-constant-condition": "off",
+      "func-call-spacing": "error",
+      "no-trailing-spaces": "error",
+      "no-undef": "error",
+      "no-unneeded-ternary": "error",
+      "no-const-assign": "error",
+      "no-useless-rename": "error",
+      "no-dupe-keys": "error",
+      "space-in-parens": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "spaced-comment": [
+        "error",
+        "always",
+        {
+          "block": {
+            "markers": [
+              "!"
+            ],
+            "balanced": true
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "key-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "beforeColon": false,
+          "afterColon": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "comma-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "before": false,
+          "after": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "array-bracket-spacing": 1,
+      "arrow-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "before": true,
+          "after": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "object-curly-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        "always"
+      ],
+      "comma-dangle": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "no-unreachable": "error",
+      "quotes": [
+        "error",
+        "single"
+      ],
+      "quote-props": [
+        "error",
+        "as-needed"
+      ],
+      "semi": "error",
+      "no-extra-semi": "error",
+      "semi-spacing": "error",
+      "no-spaced-func": "error",
+      "no-throw-literal": "error",
+      "space-before-blocks": "error",
+      "space-before-function-paren": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "space-infix-ops": "error",
+      "space-unary-ops": "error",
+      "no-var": "warn",
+      "prefer-const": "warn",
+      "strict": [
+        "error",
+        "global"
+      ],
+      "no-restricted-globals": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "name": "context",
+          "message": "Don't use Mocha's global context"
+        }
+      ],
+      "no-prototype-builtins": "off",
+      "mocha-no-only/mocha-no-only": [
+        "error"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "funding": {
+    "type": "opencollective",
+    "url": "https://opencollective.com/mongoose"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://mongoosejs.com",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongodb",
+    "document",
+    "model",
+    "schema",
+    "database",
+    "odm",
+    "data",
+    "datastore",
+    "query",
+    "nosql",
+    "orm",
+    "db"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./index.js",
+  "mocha": {
+    "extension": [
+      "test.js"
+    ],
+    "watch-files": [
+      "test/**/*.js"
+    ]
+  },
+  "name": "mongoose",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/Automattic/mongoose.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build-browser": "node build-browser.js",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "prepublishOnly": "npm run build-browser",
+    "release": "git pull && git push origin master --tags && npm publish",
+    "release-legacy": "git pull origin 4.x && git push origin 4.x --tags && npm publish --tag legacy",
+    "tdd": "mocha ./test/*.test.js ./test/typescript/main.test.js --watch --recursive --watch-files ./**/*.js",
+    "test": "mocha --exit ./test/*.test.js ./test/typescript/main.test.js",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "5.12.14"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/auth.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/auth.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cfaf86c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/auth.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Server = require('mongodb-topology-manager').Server;
+const co = require('co');
+const mongodb = require('mongodb');
+
+co(function*() {
+  // Create new instance
+  const server = new Server('mongod', {
+    auth: null,
+    dbpath: '/data/db/27017'
+  });
+
+  // Purge the directory
+  yield server.purge();
+
+  // Start process
+  yield server.start();
+
+  const db = yield mongodb.MongoClient.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/admin');
+
+  yield db.addUser('passwordIsTaco', 'taco', {
+    roles: ['dbOwner']
+  });
+
+  console.log('done');
+}).catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(-1);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/repl.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/repl.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8139a512f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/repl.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const co = require('co');
+
+co(function*() {
+  const ReplSet = require('mongodb-topology-manager').ReplSet;
+
+  // Create new instance
+  const topology = new ReplSet('mongod', [{
+    // mongod process options
+    options: {
+      bind_ip: 'localhost', port: 31000, dbpath: `/data/db/31000`
+    }
+  }, {
+    // mongod process options
+    options: {
+      bind_ip: 'localhost', port: 31001, dbpath: `/data/db/31001`
+    }
+  }, {
+    // Type of node
+    arbiterOnly: true,
+    // mongod process options
+    options: {
+      bind_ip: 'localhost', port: 31002, dbpath: `/data/db/31002`
+    }
+  }], {
+    replSet: 'rs'
+  });
+
+  yield topology.start();
+
+  console.log('done');
+}).catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(-1);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/sharded.js b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/sharded.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b0cc0417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mongoose/tools/sharded.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const co = require('co');
+
+co(function*() {
+  const Sharded = require('mongodb-topology-manager').Sharded;
+
+  // Create new instance
+  const topology = new Sharded({
+    mongod: 'mongod',
+    mongos: 'mongos'
+  });
+
+  yield topology.addShard([{
+    options: {
+      bind_ip: 'localhost', port: 31000, dbpath: `/data/db/31000`, shardsvr: null
+    }
+  }], { replSet: 'rs1' });
+
+  yield topology.addConfigurationServers([{
+    options: {
+      bind_ip: 'localhost', port: 35000, dbpath: `/data/db/35000`
+    }
+  }], { replSet: 'rs0' });
+
+  yield topology.addProxies([{
+    bind_ip: 'localhost', port: 51000, configdb: 'localhost:35000'
+  }], {
+    binary: 'mongos'
+  });
+
+  console.log('Start...');
+  // Start up topology
+  yield topology.start();
+
+  console.log('Started');
+
+  // Shard db
+  yield topology.enableSharding('test');
+
+  console.log('done');
+}).catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(-1);
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/mpath/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bdf212d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "4"
+  - "5"
+  - "6"
+  - "7"
+  - "8"
+  - "9"
+  - "10"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/History.md b/backend/node_modules/mpath/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..178db16fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+0.8.3 / 2020-12-30
+==================
+ * fix: use var instead of let/const for Node.js 4.x support
+
+0.8.2 / 2020-12-30
+==================
+ * fix(stringToParts): fall back to legacy treatment for square brackets if square brackets contents aren't a number Automattic/mongoose#9640
+ * chore: add eslint
+
+0.8.1 / 2020-12-10
+==================
+ * fix(stringToParts): handle empty string and trailing dot the same way that `split()` does for backwards compat
+
+0.8.0 / 2020-11-14
+==================
+ * feat: support square bracket indexing for `get()`, `set()`, `has()`, and `unset()`
+
+0.7.0 / 2020-03-24
+==================
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove `component.json` #9 [AlexeyGrigorievBoost](https://github.com/AlexeyGrigorievBoost)
+
+0.6.0 / 2019-05-01
+==================
+ * feat: support setting dotted paths within nested arrays
+
+0.5.2 / 2019-04-25
+==================
+ * fix: avoid using subclassed array constructor when doing `map()`
+
+0.5.1 / 2018-08-30
+==================
+ * fix: prevent writing to constructor and prototype as well as __proto__
+
+0.5.0 / 2018-08-30
+==================
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: disallow setting/unsetting __proto__ properties
+ * feat: re-add support for Node < 4 for this release
+
+0.4.1 / 2018-04-08
+==================
+ * fix: allow opting out of weird `$` set behavior re: Automattic/mongoose#6273
+
+0.4.0 / 2018-03-27
+==================
+ * feat: add support for ES6 maps
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: drop support for Node < 4
+
+0.3.0 / 2017-06-05
+==================
+ * feat: add has() and unset() functions
+
+0.2.1 / 2013-03-22
+==================
+
+  * test; added for #5
+  * fix typo that breaks set #5 [Contra](https://github.com/Contra)
+
+0.2.0 / 2013-03-15
+==================
+
+  * added; adapter support for set
+  * added; adapter support for get
+  * add basic benchmarks
+  * add support for using module as a component #2 [Contra](https://github.com/Contra)
+
+0.1.1 / 2012-12-21
+==================
+
+  * added; map support
+
+0.1.0 / 2012-12-13
+==================
+
+  * added; set('array.property', val, object) support
+  * added; get('array.property', object) support
+
+0.0.1 / 2012-11-03
+==================
+
+  * initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mpath/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38c529daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 [Aaron Heckmann](aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/mpath/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d6a79c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bench:
+	node bench.js
+
+.PHONY: test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mpath/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9831dd066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+#mpath
+
+{G,S}et javascript object values using MongoDB-like path notation.
+
+###Getting
+
+```js
+var mpath = require('mpath');
+
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.get('comments.1.title', obj) // 'exciting!'
+```
+
+`mpath.get` supports array property notation as well.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.get('comments.title', obj) // ['funny', 'exciting!']
+```
+
+Array property and indexing syntax, when used together, are very powerful.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+  array: [
+      { o: { array: [{x: {b: [4,6,8]}}, { y: 10} ] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: {b: [1,2,3]}}, { x: {z: 10 }}, { x: 'Turkey Day' }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: {b: null }}, { x: { b: [null, 1]}}] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: null }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{y: 3 }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [3, 0, null] }}
+    , { o: { name: 'ha' }}
+  ];
+}
+
+var found = mpath.get('array.o.array.x.b.1', obj);
+
+console.log(found); // prints..
+
+    [ [6, undefined]
+    , [2, undefined, undefined]
+    , [null, 1]
+    , [null]
+    , [undefined]
+    , [undefined, undefined, undefined]
+    , undefined
+    ]
+
+```
+
+#####Field selection rules:
+
+The following rules are iteratively applied to each `segment` in the passed `path`. For example:
+
+```js
+var path = 'one.two.14'; // path
+'one' // segment 0
+'two' // segment 1
+14    // segment 2
+```
+
+- 1) when value of the segment parent is not an array, return the value of `parent.segment`
+- 2) when value of the segment parent is an array
+  - a) if the segment is an integer, replace the parent array with the value at `parent[segment]`
+  - b) if not an integer, keep the array but replace each array `item` with the value returned from calling `get(remainingSegments, item)` or undefined if falsey.
+
+#####Maps
+
+`mpath.get` also accepts an optional `map` argument which receives each individual found value. The value returned from the `map` function will be used in the original found values place.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.get('comments.title', obj, function (val) {
+  return 'funny' == val
+    ? 'amusing'
+    : val;
+});
+// ['amusing', 'exciting!']
+```
+
+###Setting
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.set('comments.1.title', 'hilarious', obj)
+console.log(obj.comments[1].title) // 'hilarious'
+```
+
+`mpath.set` supports the same array property notation as `mpath.get`.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.set('comments.title', ['hilarious', 'fruity'], obj);
+
+console.log(obj); // prints..
+
+  { comments: [
+      { title: 'hilarious' },
+      { title: 'fruity' }
+  ]}
+```
+
+Array property and indexing syntax can be used together also when setting.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+  array: [
+      { o: { array: [{x: {b: [4,6,8]}}, { y: 10} ] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: {b: [1,2,3]}}, { x: {z: 10 }}, { x: 'Turkey Day' }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: {b: null }}, { x: { b: [null, 1]}}] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: null }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{y: 3 }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [3, 0, null] }}
+    , { o: { name: 'ha' }}
+  ]
+}
+
+mpath.set('array.1.o', 'this was changed', obj);
+
+console.log(require('util').inspect(obj, false, 1000)); // prints..
+
+{
+  array: [
+      { o: { array: [{x: {b: [4,6,8]}}, { y: 10} ] }}
+    , { o: 'this was changed' }
+    , { o: { array: [{x: {b: null }}, { x: { b: [null, 1]}}] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: null }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{y: 3 }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [3, 0, null] }}
+    , { o: { name: 'ha' }}
+  ];
+}
+
+mpath.set('array.o.array.x', 'this was changed too', obj);
+
+console.log(require('util').inspect(obj, false, 1000)); // prints..
+
+{
+  array: [
+      { o: { array: [{x: 'this was changed too'}, { y: 10, x: 'this was changed too'} ] }}
+    , { o: 'this was changed' }
+    , { o: { array: [{x: 'this was changed too'}, { x: 'this was changed too'}] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: 'this was changed too'}] }}
+    , { o: { array: [{x: 'this was changed too', y: 3 }] }}
+    , { o: { array: [3, 0, null] }}
+    , { o: { name: 'ha' }}
+  ];
+}
+```
+
+####Setting arrays
+
+By default, setting a property within an array to another array results in each element of the new array being set to the item in the destination array at the matching index. An example is helpful.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.set('comments.title', ['hilarious', 'fruity'], obj);
+
+console.log(obj); // prints..
+
+  { comments: [
+      { title: 'hilarious' },
+      { title: 'fruity' }
+  ]}
+```
+
+If we do not desire this destructuring-like assignment behavior we may instead specify the `$` operator in the path being set to force the array to be copied directly.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.set('comments.$.title', ['hilarious', 'fruity'], obj);
+
+console.log(obj); // prints..
+
+  { comments: [
+      { title: ['hilarious', 'fruity'] },
+      { title: ['hilarious', 'fruity'] }
+  ]}
+```
+
+####Field assignment rules
+
+The rules utilized mirror those used on `mpath.get`, meaning we can take values returned from `mpath.get`, update them, and reassign them using `mpath.set`. Note that setting nested arrays of arrays can get unweildy quickly. Check out the [tests](https://github.com/aheckmann/mpath/blob/master/test/index.js) for more extreme examples.
+
+#####Maps
+
+`mpath.set` also accepts an optional `map` argument which receives each individual value being set. The value returned from the `map` function will be used in the original values place.
+
+```js
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'funny' },
+      { title: 'exciting!' }
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.set('comments.title', ['hilarious', 'fruity'], obj, function (val) {
+  return val.length;
+});
+
+console.log(obj); // prints..
+
+  { comments: [
+      { title: 9 },
+      { title: 6 }
+  ]}
+```
+
+### Custom object types
+
+Sometimes you may want to enact the same functionality on custom object types that store all their real data internally, say for an ODM type object. No fear, `mpath` has you covered. Simply pass the name of the property being used to store the internal data and it will be traversed instead:
+
+```js
+var mpath = require('mpath');
+
+var obj = {
+    comments: [
+      { title: 'exciting!', _doc: { title: 'great!' }}
+    ]
+}
+
+mpath.get('comments.0.title', obj, '_doc')            // 'great!'
+mpath.set('comments.0.title', 'nov 3rd', obj, '_doc')
+mpath.get('comments.0.title', obj, '_doc')            // 'nov 3rd'
+mpath.get('comments.0.title', obj)                    // 'exciting'
+```
+
+When used with a `map`, the `map` argument comes last.
+
+```js
+mpath.get(path, obj, '_doc', map);
+mpath.set(path, val, obj, '_doc', map);
+```
+
+[LICENSE](https://github.com/aheckmann/mpath/blob/master/LICENSE)
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.js b/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9503cf279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.js
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const mpath = require('./');
+const Bench = require('benchmark');
+require('child_process').exec('git log --pretty=format:\'%h\' -n 1', function(err, sha) {
+  if (err) throw err;
+
+  const fs = require('fs');
+  const filename = __dirname + '/bench.out';
+  const out = fs.createWriteStream(filename, { flags: 'a', encoding: 'utf8' });
+
+  /**
+   * test doc creator
+   */
+
+  function doc() {
+    const o = { first: { second: { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] } } };
+    o.comments = [
+      { name: 'one' },
+      { name: 'two', _doc: { name: '2' } },
+      { name: 'three',
+        comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+        _doc: { name: '3', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }
+    ];
+    o.name = 'jiro';
+    o.array = [
+      { o: { array: [{ x: { b: [4, 6, 8] } }, { y: 10 }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ x: { b: [1, 2, 3] } }, { x: { z: 10 } }, { x: { b: 'hi' } }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ x: { b: null } }, { x: { b: [null, 1] } }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ x: null }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ y: 3 }] } },
+      { o: { array: [3, 0, null] } },
+      { o: { name: 'ha' } }
+    ];
+    o.arr = [
+      { arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+      { yep: true }
+    ];
+    return o;
+  }
+
+  const o = doc();
+
+  const s = new Bench.Suite;
+  s.add('mpath.get("first", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('first', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("first.second", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('first.second', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("first.second.third.1.name", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('first.second.third.1.name', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("comments", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('comments', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("comments.1", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('comments.1', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("comments.2.name", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('comments.2.name', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val', o);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.get("comments.name", obj)', function() {
+    mpath.get('comments.name', o);
+  });
+
+  s.add('mpath.set("first", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('first', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("first.second", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('first.second', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("first.second.third.1.name", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('first.second.third.1.name', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("comments", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('comments', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("comments.1", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('comments.1', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("comments.2.name", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('comments.2.name', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val', o, 1);
+  });
+  s.add('mpath.set("comments.name", obj, val)', function() {
+    mpath.set('comments.name', o, 1);
+  });
+
+  s.on('start', function() {
+    console.log('starting...');
+    out.write('*' + sha + ': ' + String(new Date()) + '\n');
+  });
+  s.on('cycle', function(e) {
+    const s = String(e.target);
+    console.log(s);
+    out.write(s + '\n');
+  });
+  s.on('complete', function() {
+    console.log('done');
+    out.end('');
+  });
+  s.run();
+});
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.log b/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.log
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.out b/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9b0371d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/bench.out
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+*b566c26: Fri Mar 15 2013 14:14:04 GMT-0700 (PDT)
+mpath.get("first", obj) x 3,827,405 ops/sec ±0.91% (90 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second", obj) x 4,930,222 ops/sec ±1.92% (91 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second.third.1.name", obj) x 3,070,837 ops/sec ±1.45% (97 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments", obj) x 3,649,771 ops/sec ±1.71% (93 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.1", obj) x 3,846,728 ops/sec ±0.86% (94 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.name", obj) x 3,527,680 ops/sec ±0.95% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj) x 2,046,982 ops/sec ±0.80% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.name", obj) x 625,546 ops/sec ±2.02% (82 runs sampled)
+*e42bdb1: Fri Mar 15 2013 14:19:28 GMT-0700 (PDT)
+mpath.get("first", obj) x 3,700,783 ops/sec ±1.30% (95 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second", obj) x 4,621,795 ops/sec ±0.86% (95 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second.third.1.name", obj) x 3,012,671 ops/sec ±1.21% (100 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments", obj) x 3,677,694 ops/sec ±0.80% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.1", obj) x 3,798,862 ops/sec ±0.81% (91 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.name", obj) x 3,489,356 ops/sec ±0.66% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj) x 2,004,076 ops/sec ±0.85% (99 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.name", obj) x 613,270 ops/sec ±1.33% (83 runs sampled)
+*0521aac: Fri Mar 15 2013 16:37:16 GMT-0700 (PDT)
+mpath.get("first", obj) x 3,834,755 ops/sec ±0.70% (100 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second", obj) x 4,999,965 ops/sec ±1.01% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second.third.1.name", obj) x 3,125,953 ops/sec ±0.97% (100 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments", obj) x 3,759,233 ops/sec ±0.81% (97 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.1", obj) x 3,894,893 ops/sec ±0.76% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.name", obj) x 3,576,929 ops/sec ±0.68% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj) x 2,149,610 ops/sec ±0.67% (97 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.name", obj) x 629,259 ops/sec ±1.30% (87 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("first", obj, val) x 2,869,477 ops/sec ±0.63% (97 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("first.second", obj, val) x 2,418,751 ops/sec ±0.62% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("first.second.third.1.name", obj, val) x 2,313,099 ops/sec ±0.69% (94 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments", obj, val) x 2,680,882 ops/sec ±0.76% (99 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.1", obj, val) x 2,401,829 ops/sec ±0.68% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.2.name", obj, val) x 2,335,081 ops/sec ±1.07% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj, val) x 2,245,436 ops/sec ±0.76% (92 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.name", obj, val) x 2,356,278 ops/sec ±1.15% (100 runs sampled)
+*97e85d3: Fri Mar 15 2013 16:39:21 GMT-0700 (PDT)
+mpath.get("first", obj) x 3,837,614 ops/sec ±0.74% (99 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second", obj) x 4,991,779 ops/sec ±1.01% (94 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("first.second.third.1.name", obj) x 3,078,455 ops/sec ±1.17% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments", obj) x 3,770,961 ops/sec ±0.45% (101 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.1", obj) x 3,832,814 ops/sec ±0.67% (92 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.name", obj) x 3,536,436 ops/sec ±0.49% (100 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj) x 2,141,947 ops/sec ±0.72% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.get("comments.name", obj) x 667,898 ops/sec ±1.62% (85 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("first", obj, val) x 2,642,517 ops/sec ±0.72% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("first.second", obj, val) x 2,502,124 ops/sec ±1.28% (99 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("first.second.third.1.name", obj, val) x 2,426,804 ops/sec ±0.55% (99 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments", obj, val) x 2,699,478 ops/sec ±0.85% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.1", obj, val) x 2,494,454 ops/sec ±1.05% (96 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.2.name", obj, val) x 2,463,894 ops/sec ±0.86% (98 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val", obj, val) x 2,320,398 ops/sec ±0.82% (95 runs sampled)
+mpath.set("comments.name", obj, val) x 2,512,408 ops/sec ±0.77% (95 runs sampled)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mpath/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47c17cdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = exports = require('./lib');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mpath/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..338bf9b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/* eslint strict:off */
+/* eslint no-var: off */
+/* eslint no-redeclare: off */
+
+var stringToParts = require('./stringToParts');
+
+// These properties are special and can open client libraries to security
+// issues
+var ignoreProperties = ['__proto__', 'constructor', 'prototype'];
+
+/**
+ * Returns the value of object `o` at the given `path`.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     var obj = {
+ *         comments: [
+ *             { title: 'exciting!', _doc: { title: 'great!' }}
+ *           , { title: 'number dos' }
+ *         ]
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     mpath.get('comments.0.title', o)         // 'exciting!'
+ *     mpath.get('comments.0.title', o, '_doc') // 'great!'
+ *     mpath.get('comments.title', o)           // ['exciting!', 'number dos']
+ *
+ *     // summary
+ *     mpath.get(path, o)
+ *     mpath.get(path, o, special)
+ *     mpath.get(path, o, map)
+ *     mpath.get(path, o, special, map)
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} o
+ * @param {String} [special] When this property name is present on any object in the path, walking will continue on the value of this property.
+ * @param {Function} [map] Optional function which receives each individual found value. The value returned from `map` is used in the original values place.
+ */
+
+exports.get = function(path, o, special, map) {
+  var lookup;
+
+  if ('function' == typeof special) {
+    if (special.length < 2) {
+      map = special;
+      special = undefined;
+    } else {
+      lookup = special;
+      special = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  map || (map = K);
+
+  var parts = 'string' == typeof path
+    ? stringToParts(path)
+    : path;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(parts)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array');
+  }
+
+  var obj = o,
+      part;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    part = parts[i];
+
+    if (Array.isArray(obj) && !/^\d+$/.test(part)) {
+      // reading a property from the array items
+      var paths = parts.slice(i);
+
+      // Need to `concat()` to avoid `map()` calling a constructor of an array
+      // subclass
+      return [].concat(obj).map(function(item) {
+        return item
+          ? exports.get(paths, item, special || lookup, map)
+          : map(undefined);
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (lookup) {
+      obj = lookup(obj, part);
+    } else {
+      var _from = special && obj[special] ? obj[special] : obj;
+      obj = _from instanceof Map ?
+        _from.get(part) :
+        _from[part];
+    }
+
+    if (!obj) return map(obj);
+  }
+
+  return map(obj);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if `in` returns true for every piece of the path
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} o
+ */
+
+exports.has = function(path, o) {
+  var parts = typeof path === 'string' ?
+    stringToParts(path) :
+    path;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(parts)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array');
+  }
+
+  var len = parts.length;
+  var cur = o;
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (cur == null || typeof cur !== 'object' || !(parts[i] in cur)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    cur = cur[parts[i]];
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes the last piece of `path`
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} o
+ */
+
+exports.unset = function(path, o) {
+  var parts = typeof path === 'string' ?
+    stringToParts(path) :
+    path;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(parts)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array');
+  }
+
+  var len = parts.length;
+  var cur = o;
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (cur == null || typeof cur !== 'object' || !(parts[i] in cur)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Disallow any updates to __proto__ or special properties.
+    if (ignoreProperties.indexOf(parts[i]) !== -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (i === len - 1) {
+      delete cur[parts[i]];
+      return true;
+    }
+    cur = cur instanceof Map ? cur.get(parts[i]) : cur[parts[i]];
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the `val` at the given `path` of object `o`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Anything} val
+ * @param {Object} o
+ * @param {String} [special] When this property name is present on any object in the path, walking will continue on the value of this property.
+ * @param {Function} [map] Optional function which is passed each individual value before setting it. The value returned from `map` is used in the original values place.
+ */
+
+exports.set = function(path, val, o, special, map, _copying) {
+  var lookup;
+
+  if ('function' == typeof special) {
+    if (special.length < 2) {
+      map = special;
+      special = undefined;
+    } else {
+      lookup = special;
+      special = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  map || (map = K);
+
+  var parts = 'string' == typeof path
+    ? stringToParts(path)
+    : path;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(parts)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid `path`. Must be either string or array');
+  }
+
+  if (null == o) return;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+    // Silently ignore any updates to `__proto__`, these are potentially
+    // dangerous if using mpath with unsanitized data.
+    if (ignoreProperties.indexOf(parts[i]) !== -1) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // the existance of $ in a path tells us if the user desires
+  // the copying of an array instead of setting each value of
+  // the array to the one by one to matching positions of the
+  // current array. Unless the user explicitly opted out by passing
+  // false, see Automattic/mongoose#6273
+  var copy = _copying || (/\$/.test(path) && _copying !== false),
+      obj = o,
+      part;
+
+  for (var i = 0, len = parts.length - 1; i < len; ++i) {
+    part = parts[i];
+
+    if ('$' == part) {
+      if (i == len - 1) {
+        break;
+      } else {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(obj) && !/^\d+$/.test(part)) {
+      var paths = parts.slice(i);
+      if (!copy && Array.isArray(val)) {
+        for (var j = 0; j < obj.length && j < val.length; ++j) {
+          // assignment of single values of array
+          exports.set(paths, val[j], obj[j], special || lookup, map, copy);
+        }
+      } else {
+        for (var j = 0; j < obj.length; ++j) {
+          // assignment of entire value
+          exports.set(paths, val, obj[j], special || lookup, map, copy);
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (lookup) {
+      obj = lookup(obj, part);
+    } else {
+      var _to = special && obj[special] ? obj[special] : obj;
+      obj = _to instanceof Map ?
+        _to.get(part) :
+        _to[part];
+    }
+
+    if (!obj) return;
+  }
+
+  // process the last property of the path
+
+  part = parts[len];
+
+  // use the special property if exists
+  if (special && obj[special]) {
+    obj = obj[special];
+  }
+
+  // set the value on the last branch
+  if (Array.isArray(obj) && !/^\d+$/.test(part)) {
+    if (!copy && Array.isArray(val)) {
+      _setArray(obj, val, part, lookup, special, map);
+    } else {
+      for (var j = 0; j < obj.length; ++j) {
+        var item = obj[j];
+        if (item) {
+          if (lookup) {
+            lookup(item, part, map(val));
+          } else {
+            if (item[special]) item = item[special];
+            item[part] = map(val);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (lookup) {
+      lookup(obj, part, map(val));
+    } else if (obj instanceof Map) {
+      obj.set(part, map(val));
+    } else {
+      obj[part] = map(val);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Recursively set nested arrays
+ */
+
+function _setArray(obj, val, part, lookup, special, map) {
+  for (var item, j = 0; j < obj.length && j < val.length; ++j) {
+    item = obj[j];
+    if (Array.isArray(item) && Array.isArray(val[j])) {
+      _setArray(item, val[j], part, lookup, special, map);
+    } else if (item) {
+      if (lookup) {
+        lookup(item, part, map(val[j]));
+      } else {
+        if (item[special]) item = item[special];
+        item[part] = map(val[j]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Returns the value passed to it.
+ */
+
+function K(v) {
+  return v;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/lib/stringToParts.js b/backend/node_modules/mpath/lib/stringToParts.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f70f33334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/lib/stringToParts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = function stringToParts(str) {
+  const result = [];
+
+  let curPropertyName = '';
+  let state = 'DEFAULT';
+  for (let i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
+    // Fall back to treating as property name rather than bracket notation if
+    // square brackets contains something other than a number.
+    if (state === 'IN_SQUARE_BRACKETS' && !/\d/.test(str[i]) && str[i] !== ']') {
+      state = 'DEFAULT';
+      curPropertyName = result[result.length - 1] + '[' + curPropertyName;
+      result.splice(result.length - 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    if (str[i] === '[') {
+      if (state !== 'IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS') {
+        result.push(curPropertyName);
+        curPropertyName = '';
+      }
+      state = 'IN_SQUARE_BRACKETS';
+    } else if (str[i] === ']') {
+      if (state === 'IN_SQUARE_BRACKETS') {
+        state = 'IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS';
+        result.push(curPropertyName);
+        curPropertyName = '';
+      } else {
+        state = 'DEFAULT';
+        curPropertyName += str[i];
+      }
+    } else if (str[i] === '.') {
+      if (state !== 'IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS') {
+        result.push(curPropertyName);
+        curPropertyName = '';
+      }
+      state = 'DEFAULT';
+    } else {
+      curPropertyName += str[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (state !== 'IMMEDIATELY_AFTER_SQUARE_BRACKETS') {
+    result.push(curPropertyName);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mpath/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b2bd091f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mpath@0.8.3",
+  "_id": "mpath@0.8.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-eb9rRvhDltXVNL6Fxd2zM9D4vKBxjVVQNLNijlj7uoXUy19zNDsIif5zR+pWmPCWNKwAtqyo4JveQm4nfD5+eA==",
+  "_location": "/mpath",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mpath@0.8.3",
+    "name": "mpath",
+    "escapedName": "mpath",
+    "rawSpec": "0.8.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.8.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mpath/-/mpath-0.8.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "828ac0d187f7f42674839d74921970979abbdd8f",
+  "_spec": "mpath@0.8.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Aaron Heckmann",
+    "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/aheckmann/mpath/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "{G,S}et object values using MongoDB-like path notation",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "benchmark": "~1.0.0",
+    "eslint": "7.16.0",
+    "mocha": "5.x"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4.0.0"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": [
+      "eslint:recommended"
+    ],
+    "parserOptions": {
+      "ecmaVersion": 2015
+    },
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    },
+    "rules": {
+      "comma-style": "error",
+      "indent": [
+        "error",
+        2,
+        {
+          "SwitchCase": 1,
+          "VariableDeclarator": 2
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyword-spacing": "error",
+      "no-whitespace-before-property": "error",
+      "no-buffer-constructor": "warn",
+      "no-console": "off",
+      "no-multi-spaces": "error",
+      "no-constant-condition": "off",
+      "func-call-spacing": "error",
+      "no-trailing-spaces": "error",
+      "no-undef": "error",
+      "no-unneeded-ternary": "error",
+      "no-const-assign": "error",
+      "no-useless-rename": "error",
+      "no-dupe-keys": "error",
+      "space-in-parens": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "spaced-comment": [
+        "error",
+        "always",
+        {
+          "block": {
+            "markers": [
+              "!"
+            ],
+            "balanced": true
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "key-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "beforeColon": false,
+          "afterColon": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "comma-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "before": false,
+          "after": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "array-bracket-spacing": 1,
+      "arrow-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "before": true,
+          "after": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "object-curly-spacing": [
+        "error",
+        "always"
+      ],
+      "comma-dangle": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "no-unreachable": "error",
+      "quotes": [
+        "error",
+        "single"
+      ],
+      "quote-props": [
+        "error",
+        "as-needed"
+      ],
+      "semi": "error",
+      "no-extra-semi": "error",
+      "semi-spacing": "error",
+      "no-spaced-func": "error",
+      "no-throw-literal": "error",
+      "space-before-blocks": "error",
+      "space-before-function-paren": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "space-infix-ops": "error",
+      "space-unary-ops": "error",
+      "no-var": "warn",
+      "prefer-const": "warn",
+      "strict": [
+        "error",
+        "global"
+      ],
+      "no-restricted-globals": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          "name": "context",
+          "message": "Don't use Mocha's global context"
+        }
+      ],
+      "no-prototype-builtins": "off"
+    }
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/aheckmann/mpath#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongodb",
+    "path",
+    "get",
+    "set"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "mpath",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/aheckmann/mpath.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha test/*"
+  },
+  "version": "0.8.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/.eslintrc.yml b/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/.eslintrc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0c68038f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/.eslintrc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+env:
+  mocha: true
+rules:
+  no-unused-vars: off
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce07b1989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1879 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Test dependencies.
+ */
+
+const mpath = require('../');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+/**
+ * logging helper
+ */
+
+function log(o) {
+  console.log();
+  console.log(require('util').inspect(o, false, 1000));
+}
+
+/**
+ * special path for override tests
+ */
+
+const special = '_doc';
+
+/**
+ * Tests
+ */
+
+describe('mpath', function() {
+
+  /**
+   * test doc creator
+   */
+
+  function doc() {
+    const o = { first: { second: { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] } } };
+    o.comments = [
+      { name: 'one' },
+      { name: 'two', _doc: { name: '2' } },
+      { name: 'three',
+        comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+        _doc: { name: '3', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }
+    ];
+    o.name = 'jiro';
+    o.array = [
+      { o: { array: [{ x: { b: [4, 6, 8] } }, { y: 10 }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ x: { b: [1, 2, 3] } }, { x: { z: 10 } }, { x: { b: 'hi' } }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ x: { b: null } }, { x: { b: [null, 1] } }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ x: null }] } },
+      { o: { array: [{ y: 3 }] } },
+      { o: { array: [3, 0, null] } },
+      { o: { name: 'ha' } }
+    ];
+    o.arr = [
+      { arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+      { yep: true }
+    ];
+    return o;
+  }
+
+  describe('get', function() {
+    const o = doc();
+
+    it('`path` must be a string or array', function(done) {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mpath.get({}, o);
+      }, /Must be either string or array/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mpath.get(4, o);
+      }, /Must be either string or array/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mpath.get(function() {}, o);
+      }, /Must be either string or array/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mpath.get(/asdf/, o);
+      }, /Must be either string or array/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mpath.get(Math, o);
+      }, /Must be either string or array/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mpath.get(Buffer, o);
+      }, /Must be either string or array/);
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mpath.get('string', o);
+      });
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mpath.get([], o);
+      });
+      done();
+    });
+
+    describe('without `special`', function() {
+      it('works', function(done) {
+        assert.equal('jiro', mpath.get('name', o));
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { second: { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] } }
+          , mpath.get('first', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] }
+          , mpath.get('first.second', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9]
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          3
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third.0', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          9
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third.2', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { name: 'aaron' }
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third.1', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          'aaron'
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third.1.name', o)
+        );
+
+        assert.deepEqual([
+          { name: 'one' },
+          { name: 'two', _doc: { name: '2' } },
+          { name: 'three',
+            comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+            _doc: { name: '3', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }],
+        mpath.get('comments', o));
+
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: 'one' }, mpath.get('comments.0', o));
+        assert.deepEqual('one', mpath.get('comments.0.name', o));
+        assert.deepEqual('two', mpath.get('comments.1.name', o));
+        assert.deepEqual('three', mpath.get('comments.2.name', o));
+
+        assert.deepEqual([{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }]
+          , mpath.get('comments.2.comments', o));
+
+        assert.deepEqual({ comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }
+          , mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1', o));
+
+        assert.deepEqual('twoo', mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val', o));
+
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.property dot-notation', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          ['one', 'two', 'three']
+          , mpath.get('comments.name', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.array notation', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [undefined, undefined, [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }]]
+          , mpath.get('comments.comments', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles prop.prop.prop.arrayProperty notation', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [undefined, 'aaron', undefined]
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third.name', o)
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [1, 'aaron', 1]
+          , mpath.get('first.second.third.name', o, function(v) {
+            return undefined === v ? 1 : v;
+          })
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.prop.array', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [[{ x: { b: [4, 6, 8] } }, { y: 10 }],
+            [{ x: { b: [1, 2, 3] } }, { x: { z: 10 } }, { x: { b: 'hi' } }],
+            [{ x: { b: null } }, { x: { b: [null, 1] } }],
+            [{ x: null }],
+            [{ y: 3 }],
+            [3, 0, null],
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.prop.array.index', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ x: { b: [4, 6, 8] } },
+            { x: { b: [1, 2, 3] } },
+            { x: { b: null } },
+            { x: null },
+            { y: 3 },
+            3,
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.0', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.prop.array.index.prop', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ b: [4, 6, 8] },
+            { b: [1, 2, 3] },
+            { b: null },
+            null,
+            undefined,
+            undefined,
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.0.x', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.prop.array.prop', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [[undefined, 10],
+            [undefined, undefined, undefined],
+            [undefined, undefined],
+            [undefined],
+            [3],
+            [undefined, undefined, undefined],
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.y', o)
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [[{ b: [4, 6, 8] }, undefined],
+            [{ b: [1, 2, 3] }, { z: 10 }, { b: 'hi' }],
+            [{ b: null }, { b: [null, 1] }],
+            [null],
+            [undefined],
+            [undefined, undefined, undefined],
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.x', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.prop.array.prop.prop', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [[[4, 6, 8], undefined],
+            [[1, 2, 3], undefined, 'hi'],
+            [null, [null, 1]],
+            [null],
+            [undefined],
+            [undefined, undefined, undefined],
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.x.b', o)
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.prop.array.prop.prop.index', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [[6, undefined],
+            [2, undefined, 'i'], // undocumented feature (string indexing)
+            [null, 1],
+            [null],
+            [undefined],
+            [undefined, undefined, undefined],
+            undefined
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.x.b.1', o)
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [[6, 0],
+            [2, 0, 'i'], // undocumented feature (string indexing)
+            [null, 1],
+            [null],
+            [0],
+            [0, 0, 0],
+            0
+          ]
+          , mpath.get('array.o.array.x.b.1', o, function(v) {
+            return undefined === v ? 0 : v;
+          })
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.index.prop.prop', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ x: { b: [1, 2, 3] } }, { x: { z: 10 } }, { x: { b: 'hi' } }]
+          , mpath.get('array.1.o.array', o)
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          ['hi', 'hi', 'hi']
+          , mpath.get('array.1.o.array', o, function(v) {
+            if (Array.isArray(v)) {
+              return v.map(function(val) {
+                return 'hi';
+              });
+            }
+            return v;
+          })
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.array.index', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ a: { c: 48 } }, undefined]
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1', o)
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          ['woot', undefined]
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1', o, function(v) {
+            if (v && v.a && v.a.c) return 'woot';
+            return v;
+          })
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.array.index.prop', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ c: 48 }, 'woot']
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1.a', o, function(v) {
+            if (undefined === v) return 'woot';
+            return v;
+          })
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ c: 48 }, undefined]
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1.a', o)
+        );
+        mpath.set('arr.arr.1.a', [{ c: 49 }, undefined], o);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [{ c: 49 }, undefined]
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1.a', o)
+        );
+        mpath.set('arr.arr.1.a', [{ c: 48 }, undefined], o);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('handles array.array.index.prop.prop', function(done) {
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [48, undefined]
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1.a.c', o)
+        );
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          [48, 'woot']
+          , mpath.get('arr.arr.1.a.c', o, function(v) {
+            if (undefined === v) return 'woot';
+            return v;
+          })
+        );
+        done();
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('with `special`', function() {
+      describe('that is a string', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          assert.equal('jiro', mpath.get('name', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            { second: { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] } }
+            , mpath.get('first', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] }
+            , mpath.get('first.second', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9]
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            3
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.0', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            4
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.0', o, special, function(v) {
+              return 3 === v ? 4 : v;
+            })
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            9
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.2', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            { name: 'aaron' }
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.1', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            'aaron'
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.1.name', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { name: 'one' },
+            { name: 'two', _doc: { name: '2' } },
+            { name: 'three',
+              comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+              _doc: { name: '3', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }],
+          mpath.get('comments', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual({ name: 'one' }, mpath.get('comments.0', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('one', mpath.get('comments.0.name', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('2', mpath.get('comments.1.name', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('3', mpath.get('comments.2.name', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('nice', mpath.get('comments.2.name', o, special, function(v) {
+            return '3' === v ? 'nice' : v;
+          }));
+
+          assert.deepEqual([{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }]
+            , mpath.get('comments.2.comments', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual({ _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }
+            , mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual(2, mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val', o, special));
+          done();
+        });
+
+        it('handles array.property dot-notation', function(done) {
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            ['one', '2', '3']
+            , mpath.get('comments.name', o, special)
+          );
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            ['one', 2, '3']
+            , mpath.get('comments.name', o, special, function(v) {
+              return '2' === v ? 2 : v;
+            })
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+
+        it('handles array.array notation', function(done) {
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            [undefined, undefined, [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }]]
+            , mpath.get('comments.comments', o, special)
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+
+        it('handles array.array.index.array', function(done) {
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            [undefined, undefined, [{ val: 2 }]]
+            , mpath.get('comments.comments.1.comments', o, special)
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+
+        it('handles array.array.index.array.prop', function(done) {
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            [undefined, undefined, [2]]
+            , mpath.get('comments.comments.1.comments.val', o, special)
+          );
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            ['nil', 'nil', [2]]
+            , mpath.get('comments.comments.1.comments.val', o, special, function(v) {
+              return undefined === v ? 'nil' : v;
+            })
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('that is a function', function() {
+        const special = function(obj, key) {
+          return obj[key];
+        };
+
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          assert.equal('jiro', mpath.get('name', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            { second: { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] } }
+            , mpath.get('first', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            { third: [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9] }
+            , mpath.get('first.second', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            [3, { name: 'aaron' }, 9]
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            3
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.0', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            4
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.0', o, special, function(v) {
+              return 3 === v ? 4 : v;
+            })
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            9
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.2', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            { name: 'aaron' }
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.1', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            'aaron'
+            , mpath.get('first.second.third.1.name', o, special)
+          );
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { name: 'one' },
+            { name: 'two', _doc: { name: '2' } },
+            { name: 'three',
+              comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+              _doc: { name: '3', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }],
+          mpath.get('comments', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual({ name: 'one' }, mpath.get('comments.0', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('one', mpath.get('comments.0.name', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('two', mpath.get('comments.1.name', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('three', mpath.get('comments.2.name', o, special));
+          assert.deepEqual('nice', mpath.get('comments.2.name', o, special, function(v) {
+            return 'three' === v ? 'nice' : v;
+          }));
+
+          assert.deepEqual([{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }]
+            , mpath.get('comments.2.comments', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual({ comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }
+            , mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1', o, special));
+
+          assert.deepEqual('twoo', mpath.get('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.val', o, special));
+
+          let overide = false;
+          assert.deepEqual('twoo', mpath.get('comments.8.comments.1.comments.0.val', o, function(obj, path) {
+            if (Array.isArray(obj) && 8 == path) {
+              overide = true;
+              return obj[2];
+            }
+            return obj[path];
+          }));
+          assert.ok(overide);
+
+          done();
+        });
+
+        it('in combination with map', function(done) {
+          const special = function(obj, key) {
+            if (Array.isArray(obj)) return obj[key];
+            return obj.mpath;
+          };
+          const map = function(val) {
+            return 'convert' == val
+              ? 'mpath'
+              : val;
+          };
+          const o = { mpath: [{ mpath: 'converse' }, { mpath: 'convert' }] };
+
+          assert.equal('mpath', mpath.get('something.1.kewl', o, special, map));
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('set', function() {
+    it('prevents writing to __proto__', function() {
+      const obj = {};
+      mpath.set('__proto__.x', 'foobar', obj);
+      assert.ok(!({}.x));
+
+      mpath.set('constructor.prototype.x', 'foobar', obj);
+      assert.ok(!({}.x));
+    });
+
+    describe('without `special`', function() {
+      const o = doc();
+
+      it('works', function(done) {
+        mpath.set('name', 'a new val', o, function(v) {
+          return 'a new val' === v ? 'changed' : v;
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual('changed', o.name);
+
+        mpath.set('name', 'changed', o);
+        assert.deepEqual('changed', o.name);
+
+        mpath.set('first.second.third', [1, { name: 'x' }, 9], o);
+        assert.deepEqual([1, { name: 'x' }, 9], o.first.second.third);
+
+        mpath.set('first.second.third.1.name', 'y', o);
+        assert.deepEqual([1, { name: 'y' }, 9], o.first.second.third);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.1.name', 'ttwwoo', o);
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: 'ttwwoo', _doc: { name: '2' } }, o.comments[1]);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.expand', 'added', o);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { val: 'twoo', expand: 'added' }
+          , o.comments[2].comments[1].comments[0]);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.2.comments.1.comments.2', 'added', o);
+        assert.equal(3, o.comments[2].comments[1].comments.length);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { val: 'twoo', expand: 'added' }
+          , o.comments[2].comments[1].comments[0]);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          undefined
+          , o.comments[2].comments[1].comments[1]);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          'added'
+          , o.comments[2].comments[1].comments[2]);
+
+        done();
+      });
+
+      describe('array.path', function() {
+        describe('with single non-array value', function() {
+          it('works', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', false, o, function(v) {
+              return false === v ? true : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: true, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', false, o);
+
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: false, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: false }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        describe('with array of values', function() {
+          it('that are equal in length', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', ['one', 2], o, function(v) {
+              return 'one' === v ? 1 : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 1, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 2 }
+            ], o.arr);
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', ['one', 2], o);
+
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 'one', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 2 }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+
+          it('that is less than length', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [47], o, function(v) {
+              return 47 === v ? 4 : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 4, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 2 }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [47], o);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 2 }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+
+          it('that is greater than length', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [5, 6, 7], o, function(v) {
+              return 5 === v ? 'five' : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 'five', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 6 }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [5, 6, 7], o);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 5, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 6 }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.$.path', function() {
+        describe('with single non-array value', function() {
+          it('copies the value to each item in array', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', { xtra: 'double good' }, o, function(v) {
+              return v && v.xtra ? 'hi' : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 'hi', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: 'hi' }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', { xtra: 'double good' }, o);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: { xtra: 'double good' }, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: { xtra: 'double good' } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        describe('with array of values', function() {
+          it('copies the value to each item in array', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', [15], o, function(v) {
+              return v.length === 1 ? [] : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: [], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: [] }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', [15], o);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: [15] }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.path', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.1.yep', 0, o, function(v) {
+            return 0 === v ? 'zero' : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+            { yep: 'zero' }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.1.yep', 0, o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.array.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', 35, o, function(v) {
+            return 35 === v ? 3 : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 3 }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 3 }, { d: 'yep', e: 3 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', 35, o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 35 }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 35 }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', ['a', 'b'], o, function(v) {
+            return 'a' === v ? 'x' : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 'x' }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', ['a', 'b'], o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.array.path.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', 36, o, function(v) {
+            return 36 === v ? 3 : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 3 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 3 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', 36, o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 36 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 36 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', [1, 2, 3, 4], o, function(v) {
+            return 2 === v ? 'two' : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 1 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 'two' }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', [1, 2, 3, 4], o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 1 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 2 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.array.$.path.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', '$', o, function(v) {
+            return '$' === v ? 'dolla billz' : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 'dolla billz' }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 'dolla billz' }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', '$', o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: '$' }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: '$' }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', [1], o, function(v) {
+            return Array.isArray(v) ? {} : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: {} }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: {} }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', [1], o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: [1] }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.array.index.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', 'single', o, function(v) {
+            return 'single' === v ? 'double' : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'double', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', 'single', o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'single', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o, function(v) {
+            return 4 === v ? 3 : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 3, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: false }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 4, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: false }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.array.$.index.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', 'singles', o, function(v) {
+            return 0;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 0, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', 'singles', o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'singles', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('$.arr.arr.0.a', 'single', o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'single', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o, function(v) {
+            return 'nope';
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'nope', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.$.arr.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108], o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.array.path.index', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', 47, o, function(v) {
+            return 1;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, 1], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 1 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', 47, o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, 47], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 47 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0 }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          o.arr[1].arr = [{ a: [] }, { a: [] }, { a: null }];
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', [[null, 46], [undefined, 'woot']], o);
+
+          const a1 = [];
+          const a2 = [];
+          a1[7] = undefined;
+          a2[7] = 'woot';
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] },
+            { yep: 0, arr: [{ a: a1 }, { a: a2 }, { a: null }] }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('handles array.array.path', function() {
+        it('with single', function(done) {
+          o.arr[1].arr = [{}, {}];
+          assert.deepEqual([{}, {}], o.arr[1].arr);
+          o.arr.push({ arr: 'something else' });
+          o.arr.push({ arr: ['something else'] });
+          o.arr.push({ arr: [[]] });
+          o.arr.push({ arr: [5] });
+
+          const weird = [];
+          weird.e = 'xmas';
+
+          // test
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.e', 47, o, function(v) {
+            return 'xmas';
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [
+              { a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 'xmas' },
+              { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 'xmas' },
+              { d: 'yep', e: 'xmas' }
+            ]
+            },
+            { yep: 0, arr: [{ e: 'xmas' }, { e: 'xmas' }] },
+            { arr: 'something else' },
+            { arr: ['something else'] },
+            { arr: [weird] },
+            { arr: [5] }
+          ]
+          , o.arr);
+
+          weird.e = 47;
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.e', 47, o);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [
+              { a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 47 },
+              { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 47 },
+              { d: 'yep', e: 47 }
+            ]
+            },
+            { yep: 0, arr: [{ e: 47 }, { e: 47 }] },
+            { arr: 'something else' },
+            { arr: ['something else'] },
+            { arr: [weird] },
+            { arr: [5] }
+          ]
+          , o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with arrays', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.e', [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], null, [], [6], [7, 8, 9]], o, function(v) {
+            return 10;
+          });
+
+          const weird = [];
+          weird.e = 10;
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [
+              { a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 10 },
+              { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 10 },
+              { d: 'yep', e: 10 }
+            ]
+            },
+            { yep: 0, arr: [{ e: 10 }, { e: 10 }] },
+            { arr: 'something else' },
+            { arr: ['something else'] },
+            { arr: [weird] },
+            { arr: [5] }
+          ]
+          , o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.e', [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], null, [], [6], [7, 8, 9]], o);
+
+          weird.e = 6;
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: [15], arr: [
+              { a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 1 },
+              { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 2 },
+              { d: 'yep', e: 3 }
+            ]
+            },
+            { yep: 0, arr: [{ e: 4 }, { e: 5 }] },
+            { arr: 'something else' },
+            { arr: ['something else'] },
+            { arr: [weird] },
+            { arr: [5] }
+          ]
+          , o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with `special`', function() {
+      const o = doc();
+
+      it('works', function(done) {
+        mpath.set('name', 'chan', o, special, function(v) {
+          return 'hi';
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual('hi', o.name);
+
+        mpath.set('name', 'changer', o, special);
+        assert.deepEqual('changer', o.name);
+
+        mpath.set('first.second.third', [1, { name: 'y' }, 9], o, special);
+        assert.deepEqual([1, { name: 'y' }, 9], o.first.second.third);
+
+        mpath.set('first.second.third.1.name', 'z', o, special);
+        assert.deepEqual([1, { name: 'z' }, 9], o.first.second.third);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.1.name', 'ttwwoo', o, special);
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: 'two', _doc: { name: 'ttwwoo' } }, o.comments[1]);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.expander', 'adder', o, special, function(v) {
+          return 'super';
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { val: 2, expander: 'super' }
+          , o.comments[2]._doc.comments[1]._doc.comments[0]);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.2.comments.1.comments.0.expander', 'adder', o, special);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { val: 2, expander: 'adder' }
+          , o.comments[2]._doc.comments[1]._doc.comments[0]);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.2.comments.1.comments.2', 'set', o, special);
+        assert.equal(3, o.comments[2]._doc.comments[1]._doc.comments.length);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          { val: 2, expander: 'adder' }
+          , o.comments[2]._doc.comments[1]._doc.comments[0]);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          undefined
+          , o.comments[2]._doc.comments[1]._doc.comments[1]);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          'set'
+          , o.comments[2]._doc.comments[1]._doc.comments[2]);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      describe('array.path', function() {
+        describe('with single non-array value', function() {
+          it('works', function(done) {
+            o.arr[1]._doc = { special: true };
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', false, o, special, function(v) {
+              return 'yes';
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 'yes', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 'yes' } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', false, o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: false, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: false } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        describe('with array of values', function() {
+          it('that are equal in length', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', ['one', 2], o, special, function(v) {
+              return 2 === v ? 20 : v;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 'one', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 20 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', ['one', 2], o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 'one', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 2 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+
+          it('that is less than length', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [47], o, special, function(v) {
+              return 80;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 80, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 2 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [47], o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 2 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            // add _doc to first element
+            o.arr[0]._doc = { yep: 46, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] };
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [20], o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }], _doc: { yep: 20, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 2 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+
+          it('that is greater than length', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [5, 6, 7], o, special, function() {
+              return 'x';
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }], _doc: { yep: 'x', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 'x' } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.yep', [5, 6, 7], o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }], _doc: { yep: 5, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 6 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.$.path', function() {
+        describe('with single non-array value', function() {
+          it('copies the value to each item in array', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', { xtra: 'double good' }, o, special, function(v) {
+              return 9;
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+                _doc: { yep: 9, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 9 } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', { xtra: 'double good' }, o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+                _doc: { yep: { xtra: 'double good' }, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: { xtra: 'double good' } } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        describe('with array of values', function() {
+          it('copies the value to each item in array', function(done) {
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', [15], o, special, function(v) {
+              return 'array';
+            });
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+                _doc: { yep: 'array', arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 'array' } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            mpath.set('arr.$.yep', [15], o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual([
+              { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+                _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+              { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: [15] } }
+            ], o.arr);
+
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.path', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.1.yep', 0, o, special, function(v) {
+            return 1;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 1 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.1.yep', 0, o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.array.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', 35, o, special, function(v) {
+            return 30;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 30 }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 30 }, { d: 'yep', e: 30 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', 35, o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 35 }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 35 }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', ['a', 'b'], o, special, function(v) {
+            return 'a' === v ? 'A' : v;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 'A' }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.e', ['a', 'b'], o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 47 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.array.path.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', 36, o, special, function(v) {
+            return 20;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 20 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 20 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', 36, o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 36 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 36 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', [1, 2, 3, 4], o, special, function(v) {
+            return v * 2;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 2 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 4 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.a.b', [1, 2, 3, 4], o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 1 }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 2 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.index.array.$.path.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', '$', o, special, function(v) {
+            return 'dollaz';
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: 'dollaz' }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: 'dollaz' }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', '$', o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: '$' }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: '$' }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', [1], o, special, function(v) {
+            return {};
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: {} }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: {} }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.0.arr.$.a.b', [1], o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: { b: [1] }, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.array.index.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', 'single', o, special, function(v) {
+            return 88;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 88, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', 'single', o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'single', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o, special, function(v) {
+            return v * 2;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 8, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 4, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.array.$.index.path', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', 'singles', o, special, function(v) {
+            return v.toUpperCase();
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'SINGLES', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', 'singles', o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'singles', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('$.arr.arr.0.a', 'single', o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: 'single', e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o, special, function(v) {
+            return Array;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: Array, e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.$.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.$.arr.0.a', [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108], o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1] }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('array.array.path.index', function() {
+        it('with single value', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', 47, o, special, function(v) {
+            return Object;
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, Object], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: Object }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', 47, o, special);
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, 47], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 47 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with array', function(done) {
+          o.arr[1]._doc.arr = [{ a: [] }, { a: [] }, { a: null }];
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', [[null, 46], [undefined, 'woot']], o, special, function(v) {
+            return undefined === v ? 'nope' : v;
+          });
+
+          const a1 = [];
+          const a2 = [];
+          a1[7] = 'nope';
+          a2[7] = 'woot';
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { arr: [{ a: a1 }, { a: a2 }, { a: null }], special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.a.7', [[null, 46], [undefined, 'woot']], o, special);
+
+          a1[7] = undefined;
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: { yep: [15], arr: [{ a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 'a' }, { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 'b' }, { d: 'yep', e: 35 }] } },
+            { yep: true, _doc: { arr: [{ a: a1 }, { a: a2 }, { a: null }], special: true, yep: 0 } }
+          ], o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('handles array.array.path', function() {
+        it('with single', function(done) {
+          o.arr[1]._doc.arr = [{}, {}];
+          assert.deepEqual([{}, {}], o.arr[1]._doc.arr);
+          o.arr.push({ _doc: { arr: 'something else' } });
+          o.arr.push({ _doc: { arr: ['something else'] } });
+          o.arr.push({ _doc: { arr: [[]] } });
+          o.arr.push({ _doc: { arr: [5] } });
+
+          // test
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.e', 47, o, special);
+
+          const weird = [];
+          weird.e = 47;
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: {
+                yep: [15],
+                arr: [
+                  { a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 47 },
+                  { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 47 },
+                  { d: 'yep', e: 47 }
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            { yep: true,
+              _doc: {
+                arr: [
+                  { e: 47 },
+                  { e: 47 }
+                ],
+                special: true,
+                yep: 0
+              }
+            },
+            { _doc: { arr: 'something else' } },
+            { _doc: { arr: ['something else'] } },
+            { _doc: { arr: [weird] } },
+            { _doc: { arr: [5] } }
+          ]
+          , o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+        it('with arrays', function(done) {
+          mpath.set('arr.arr.e', [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], null, [], [6], [7, 8, 9]], o, special);
+
+          const weird = [];
+          weird.e = 6;
+
+          assert.deepEqual([
+            { yep: 47, arr: [{ a: { b: 47 } }, { a: { c: 48 } }, { d: 'yep' }],
+              _doc: {
+                yep: [15],
+                arr: [
+                  { a: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42, 108, null], e: 1 },
+                  { a: { c: 48, b: [1], 7: 46 }, e: 2 },
+                  { d: 'yep', e: 3 }
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            { yep: true,
+              _doc: {
+                arr: [
+                  { e: 4 },
+                  { e: 5 }
+                ],
+                special: true,
+                yep: 0
+              }
+            },
+            { _doc: { arr: 'something else' } },
+            { _doc: { arr: ['something else'] } },
+            { _doc: { arr: [weird] } },
+            { _doc: { arr: [5] } }
+          ]
+          , o.arr);
+
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('that is a function', function() {
+        describe('without map', function() {
+          it('works on array value', function(done) {
+            const o = { hello: { world: [{ how: 'are' }, { you: '?' }] } };
+            const special = function(obj, key, val) {
+              if (val) {
+                obj[key] = val;
+              } else {
+                return 'thing' == key
+                  ? obj.world
+                  : obj[key];
+              }
+            };
+            mpath.set('hello.thing.how', 'arrrr', o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual(o, { hello: { world: [{ how: 'arrrr' }, { you: '?', how: 'arrrr' }] } });
+            done();
+          });
+          it('works on non-array value', function(done) {
+            const o = { hello: { world: { how: 'are you' } } };
+            const special = function(obj, key, val) {
+              if (val) {
+                obj[key] = val;
+              } else {
+                return 'thing' == key
+                  ? obj.world
+                  : obj[key];
+              }
+            };
+            mpath.set('hello.thing.how', 'RU', o, special);
+            assert.deepEqual(o, { hello: { world: { how: 'RU' } } });
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        it('works with map', function(done) {
+          const o = { hello: { world: [{ how: 'are' }, { you: '?' }] } };
+          const special = function(obj, key, val) {
+            if (val) {
+              obj[key] = val;
+            } else {
+              return 'thing' == key
+                ? obj.world
+                : obj[key];
+            }
+          };
+          const map = function(val) {
+            return 'convert' == val
+              ? 'ºº'
+              : val;
+          };
+          mpath.set('hello.thing.how', 'convert', o, special, map);
+          assert.deepEqual(o, { hello: { world: [{ how: 'ºº' }, { you: '?', how: 'ºº' }] } });
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('get/set integration', function() {
+      const o = doc();
+
+      it('works', function(done) {
+        const vals = mpath.get('array.o.array.x.b', o);
+
+        vals[0][0][2] = 10;
+        vals[1][0][1] = 0;
+        vals[1][1] = 'Rambaldi';
+        vals[1][2] = [12, 14];
+        vals[2] = [{ changed: true }, [null, ['changed', 'to', 'array']]];
+
+        mpath.set('array.o.array.x.b', vals, o);
+
+        const t = [
+          { o: { array: [{ x: { b: [4, 6, 10] } }, { y: 10 }] } },
+          { o: { array: [{ x: { b: [1, 0, 3] } }, { x: { b: 'Rambaldi', z: 10 } }, { x: { b: [12, 14] } }] } },
+          { o: { array: [{ x: { b: { changed: true } } }, { x: { b: [null, ['changed', 'to', 'array']] } }] } },
+          { o: { array: [{ x: null }] } },
+          { o: { array: [{ y: 3 }] } },
+          { o: { array: [3, 0, null] } },
+          { o: { name: 'ha' } }
+        ];
+        assert.deepEqual(t, o.array);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('array.prop', function(done) {
+        mpath.set('comments.name', ['this', 'was', 'changed'], o);
+
+        assert.deepEqual([
+          { name: 'this' },
+          { name: 'was', _doc: { name: '2' } },
+          { name: 'changed',
+            comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+            _doc: { name: '3', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }
+        ], o.comments);
+
+        mpath.set('comments.name', ['also', 'changed', 'this'], o, special);
+
+        assert.deepEqual([
+          { name: 'also' },
+          { name: 'was', _doc: { name: 'changed' } },
+          { name: 'changed',
+            comments: [{}, { comments: [{ val: 'twoo' }] }],
+            _doc: { name: 'this', comments: [{}, { _doc: { comments: [{ val: 2 }] } }] } }
+        ], o.comments);
+
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('nested array', function(done) {
+        const obj = { arr: [[{ test: 41 }]] };
+        mpath.set('arr.test', [[42]], obj);
+        assert.deepEqual(obj.arr, [[{ test: 42 }]]);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('multiple $ use', function() {
+      const o = doc();
+      it('is ok', function(done) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mpath.set('arr.$.arr.$.a', 35, o);
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('has', function(done) {
+      assert.ok(mpath.has('a', { a: 1 }));
+      assert.ok(mpath.has('a', { a: undefined }));
+      assert.ok(!mpath.has('a', {}));
+      assert.ok(!mpath.has('a', null));
+
+      assert.ok(mpath.has('a.b', { a: { b: 1 } }));
+      assert.ok(mpath.has('a.b', { a: { b: undefined } }));
+      assert.ok(!mpath.has('a.b', { a: 1 }));
+      assert.ok(!mpath.has('a.b', { a: null }));
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('underneath a map', function(done) {
+      if (!global.Map) {
+        done();
+        return;
+      }
+      assert.equal(mpath.get('a.b', { a: new Map([['b', 1]]) }), 1);
+
+      const m = new Map([['b', 1]]);
+      const obj = { a: m };
+      mpath.set('a.c', 2, obj);
+      assert.equal(m.get('c'), 2);
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('unset', function(done) {
+      let o = { a: 1 };
+      mpath.unset('a', o);
+      assert.deepEqual(o, {});
+
+      o = { a: { b: 1 } };
+      mpath.unset('a.b', o);
+      assert.deepEqual(o, { a: {} });
+
+      o = { a: null };
+      mpath.unset('a.b', o);
+      assert.deepEqual(o, { a: null });
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('unset with __proto__', function(done) {
+      // Should refuse to set __proto__
+      function Clazz() {}
+      Clazz.prototype.foobar = true;
+
+      mpath.unset('__proto__.foobar', new Clazz());
+      assert.ok(Clazz.prototype.foobar);
+
+      mpath.unset('constructor.prototype.foobar', new Clazz());
+      assert.ok(Clazz.prototype.foobar);
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('get() underneath subclassed array', function(done) {
+      class MyArray extends Array {}
+
+      const obj = {
+        arr: new MyArray()
+      };
+      obj.arr.push({ test: 2 });
+
+      const arr = mpath.get('arr.test', obj);
+      assert.equal(arr.constructor.name, 'Array');
+      assert.ok(!(arr instanceof MyArray));
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('ignores setting a nested path that doesnt exist', function(done) {
+      const o = doc();
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mpath.set('thing.that.is.new', 10, o);
+      });
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/stringToParts.js b/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/stringToParts.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09940dfa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mpath/test/stringToParts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const stringToParts = require('../lib/stringToParts');
+
+describe('stringToParts', function() {
+  it('handles brackets for numbers', function() {
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('list[0].name'), ['list', '0', 'name']);
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('list[0][1].name'), ['list', '0', '1', 'name']);
+  });
+
+  it('handles dot notation', function() {
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('a.b.c'), ['a', 'b', 'c']);
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('a..b.d'), ['a', '', 'b', 'd']);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores invalid numbers in square brackets', function() {
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('foo[1mystring]'), ['foo[1mystring]']);
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('foo[1mystring].bar[1]'), ['foo[1mystring]', 'bar', '1']);
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('foo[1mystring][2]'), ['foo[1mystring]', '2']);
+  });
+
+  it('handles empty string', function() {
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts(''), ['']);
+  });
+
+  it('handles trailing dot', function() {
+    assert.deepEqual(stringToParts('a.b.'), ['a', 'b', '']);
+  });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/.eslintignore b/backend/node_modules/mquery/.eslintignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b4d86310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/.eslintignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+coverage/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/mquery/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d207e1d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "8"
+  - "10"
+  - "12"
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - node_js: "13"
+      env: "NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/download/nightly"
+  allow_failures:
+    # Allow the nightly installs to fail
+    - env: "NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/download/nightly"
+script:
+  - npm test
+  - npm run lint
+services:
+  - mongodb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/History.md b/backend/node_modules/mquery/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa57b3d4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+3.2.5 / 2021-03-29
+==================
+ * fix(utils): make `mergeClone()` skip special properties like `__proto__` #121 [zpbrent](https://github.com/zpbrent)
+
+3.2.4 / 2021-02-12
+==================
+ * fix(utils): make clone() only copy own properties Automattic/mongoose#9876
+
+3.2.3 / 2020-12-10
+==================
+ * fix(utils): avoid copying special properties like `__proto__` when merging and cloning. Fix CVE-2020-35149
+
+3.2.2 / 2019-09-22
+==================
+ * fix: dont re-call setOptions() when pulling base class options Automattic/mongoose#8159
+
+3.2.1 / 2018-08-24
+==================
+ * chore: upgrade deps
+
+3.2.0 / 2018-08-24
+==================
+ * feat: add $useProjection to opt in to using `projection` instead of `fields` re: MongoDB deprecation warnings Automattic/mongoose#6880
+
+3.1.2 / 2018-08-01
+==================
+ * chore: move eslint to devDependencies #110 [jakesjews](https://github.com/jakesjews)
+
+3.1.1 / 2018-07-30
+==================
+ * chore: add eslint #107 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * docs: clean up readConcern docs #106 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+3.1.0 / 2018-07-29
+==================
+ * feat: add `readConcern()` helper #105 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * feat: add `maxTimeMS()` as alias of `maxTime()` #105 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * feat: add `collation()` helper #105 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+3.0.1 / 2018-07-02
+==================
+ * fix: parse sort array options correctly #103 #102 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+
+3.0.0 / 2018-01-20
+==================
+ * chore: upgrade deps and add nsp
+
+3.0.0-rc0 / 2017-12-06
+======================
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove support for node < 4
+ * BREAKING CHANGE: remove support for retainKeyOrder, will always be true by default re: Automattic/mongoose#2749
+
+2.3.3 / 2017-11-19
+==================
+ * fixed; catch sync errors in cursor.toArray() re: Automattic/mongoose#5812
+
+2.3.2 / 2017-09-27
+==================
+ * fixed; bumped debug -> 2.6.9 re: #89
+
+2.3.1 / 2017-05-22
+==================
+ * fixed; bumped debug -> 2.6.7 re: #86
+
+2.3.0 / 2017-03-05
+==================
+ * added; replaceOne function
+ * added; deleteOne and deleteMany functions
+
+2.2.3 / 2017-01-31
+==================
+ * fixed; throw correct error when passing incorrectly formatted array to sort()
+
+2.2.2 / 2017-01-31
+==================
+ * fixed; allow passing maps to sort()
+
+2.2.1 / 2017-01-29
+==================
+ * fixed; allow passing string to hint()
+
+2.2.0 / 2017-01-08
+==================
+ * added; updateOne and updateMany functions
+
+2.1.0 / 2016-12-22
+==================
+ * added; ability to pass an array to select() #81 [dciccale](https://github.com/dciccale)
+
+2.0.0 / 2016-09-25
+==================
+ * added; support for mongodb driver 2.0 streams
+
+1.12.0 / 2016-09-25
+===================
+ * added; `retainKeyOrder` option re: Automattic/mongoose#4542
+
+1.11.0 / 2016-06-04
+===================
+ * added; `.minDistance()` helper and minDistance for `.near()` Automattic/mongoose#4179
+
+1.10.1 / 2016-04-26
+===================
+ * fixed; ensure conditions is an object before assigning #75
+
+1.10.0 / 2016-03-16
+==================
+
+ * updated; bluebird to latest 2.10.2 version #74 [matskiv](https://github.com/matskiv)
+
+1.9.0 / 2016-03-15
+==================
+ * added; `.eq` as a shortcut for `.equals` #72 [Fonger](https://github.com/Fonger)
+ * added; ability to use array syntax for sort re: https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE-578 #67
+
+1.8.0 / 2016-03-01
+==================
+ * fixed; dont throw an error if count used with sort or select Automattic/mongoose#3914
+
+1.7.0 / 2016-02-23
+==================
+ * fixed; don't treat objects with a length property as argument objects #70
+ * added; `.findCursor()` method #69 [nswbmw](https://github.com/nswbmw)
+ * added; `_compiledUpdate` property #68 [nswbmw](https://github.com/nswbmw)
+
+1.6.2 / 2015-07-12
+==================
+
+ * fixed; support exec cb being called synchronously #66
+
+1.6.1 / 2015-06-16
+==================
+
+ * fixed; do not treat $meta projection as inclusive [vkarpov15](https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+
+1.6.0 / 2015-05-27
+==================
+
+ * update dependencies #65 [bachp](https://github.com/bachp)
+
+1.5.0 / 2015-03-31
+==================
+
+ * fixed; debug output
+ * fixed; allow hint usage with count #61 [trueinsider](https://github.com/trueinsider)
+
+1.4.0 / 2015-03-29
+==================
+
+ * added; object support to slice() #60 [vkarpov15](https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+ * debug; improved output #57 [flyvictor](https://github.com/flyvictor)
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-11-06
+==================
+
+ * added; setTraceFunction() #53 from [jlai](https://github.com/jlai)
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-09-26
+==================
+
+ * fixed; distinct assignment in toConstructor() #51 from [esco](https://github.com/esco)
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-09-18
+==================
+
+ * added; stream() support for find()
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-09-15
+==================
+
+ * add #then for co / koa support
+ * start checking code coverage
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-07-07
+==================
+
+ * Remove broken require() calls until they're actually implemented #48 [vkarpov15](https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+
+0.9.0 / 2014-05-22
+==================
+
+ * added; thunk() support
+ * release 0.8.0
+
+0.8.0 / 2014-05-15
+==================
+
+ * added; support for maxTimeMS #44 [yoitsro](https://github.com/yoitsro)
+ * updated; devDependency (driver to 1.4.4)
+
+0.7.0 / 2014-05-02
+==================
+
+ * fixed; pass $maxDistance in $near object as described in docs #43 [vkarpov15](https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+ * fixed; cloning buffers #42 [gjohnson](https://github.com/gjohnson)
+ * tests; a little bit more `mongodb` agnostic #34 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+
+0.6.0 / 2014-04-01
+==================
+
+ * fixed; Allow $meta args in sort() so text search sorting works #37 [vkarpov15](https://github.com/vkarpov15)
+
+0.5.3 / 2014-02-22
+==================
+
+ * fixed; cloning mongodb.Binary
+
+0.5.2 / 2014-01-30
+==================
+
+ * fixed; cloning ObjectId constructors
+ * fixed; cloning of ReadPreferences #30 [ashtuchkin](https://github.com/ashtuchkin)
+ * tests; use specific mongodb version #29 [AvianFlu](https://github.com/AvianFlu)
+ * tests; remove dependency on ObjectId #28 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+ * tests; add failing ReadPref test
+
+0.5.1 / 2014-01-17
+==================
+
+ * added; deprecation notice to tags parameter #27 [ashtuchkin](https://github.com/ashtuchkin)
+ * readme; add links
+
+0.5.0 / 2014-01-16
+==================
+
+ * removed; mongodb driver dependency #26 [ashtuchkin](https://github.com/ashtuchkin)
+ * removed; first class support of read preference tags #26 (still supported though) [ashtuchkin](https://github.com/ashtuchkin)
+ * added; better ObjectId clone support
+ * fixed; cloning objects that have no constructor #21
+ * docs; cleaned up [ashtuchkin](https://github.com/ashtuchkin)
+
+0.4.2 / 2014-01-08
+==================
+
+ * updated; debug module 0.7.4 [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+
+0.4.1 / 2014-01-07
+==================
+
+ * fixed; inclusive/exclusive logic
+
+0.4.0 / 2014-01-06
+==================
+
+ * added; selected()
+ * added; selectedInclusively()
+ * added; selectedExclusively()
+
+0.3.3 / 2013-11-14
+==================
+
+ * Fix Mongo DB Dependency #20 [rschmukler](https://github.com/rschmukler)
+
+0.3.2 / 2013-09-06
+==================
+
+  * added; geometry support for near()
+
+0.3.1 / 2013-08-22
+==================
+
+  * fixed; update retains key order #19
+
+0.3.0 / 2013-08-22
+==================
+
+  * less hardcoded isNode env detection #18 [vshulyak](https://github.com/vshulyak)
+  * added; validation of findAndModify varients
+  * clone update doc before execution
+  * stricter env checks
+
+0.2.7 / 2013-08-2
+==================
+
+  * Now support GeoJSON point values for Query#near
+
+0.2.6 / 2013-07-30
+==================
+
+  * internally, 'asc' and 'desc' for sorts are now converted into 1 and -1, respectively
+
+0.2.5 / 2013-07-30
+==================
+
+  * updated docs
+  * changed internal representation of `sort` to use objects instead of arrays
+
+0.2.4 / 2013-07-25
+==================
+
+  * updated; sliced to 0.0.5
+
+0.2.3 / 2013-07-09
+==================
+
+  * now using a callback in collection.find instead of directly calling toArray() on the cursor [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+
+0.2.2 / 2013-07-09
+==================
+
+  * now exposing mongodb export to allow for better testing [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+
+0.2.1 / 2013-07-08
+==================
+
+  * select no longer accepts arrays as parameters [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+
+0.2.0 / 2013-07-05
+==================
+
+  * use $geoWithin by default
+
+0.1.2 / 2013-07-02
+==================
+
+  * added use$geoWithin flag [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fix read preferences typo [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fix reference to old param name in exists() [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+
+0.1.1 / 2013-06-24
+==================
+
+  * fixed; $intersects -> $geoIntersects #14 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * fixed; Retain key order when copying objects #15 [ebensing](https://github.com/ebensing)
+  * bump mongodb dev dep
+
+0.1.0 / 2013-05-06
+==================
+
+  * findAndModify; return the query
+  * move mquery.proto.canMerge to mquery.canMerge
+  * overwrite option now works with non-empty objects
+  * use strict mode
+  * validate count options
+  * validate distinct options
+  * add aggregate to base collection methods
+  * clone merge arguments
+  * clone merged update arguments
+  * move subclass to mquery.prototype.toConstructor
+  * fixed; maxScan casing
+  * use regexp-clone
+  * added; geometry/intersects support
+  * support $and
+  * near: do not use "radius"
+  * callbacks always fire on next turn of loop
+  * defined collection interface
+  * remove time from tests
+  * clarify goals
+  * updated docs;
+
+0.0.1 / 2012-12-15
+==================
+
+  * initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mquery/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38c529daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 [Aaron Heckmann](aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/mquery/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..587655db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+test:
+	@NODE_ENV=test ./node_modules/.bin/mocha $(T) $(TESTS)
+
+test-cov:
+	@NODE_ENV=test node \
+		node_modules/.bin/istanbul cover \
+		./node_modules/.bin/_mocha \
+		-- -u exports \
+
+open-cov:
+	open coverage/lcov-report/index.html
+
+lint:
+	@NODE_ENV=test node ./node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js .
+
+test-travis:
+	@NODE_ENV=test node \
+		node_modules/.bin/istanbul cover \
+		./node_modules/.bin/_mocha \
+		--report lcovonly \
+		--bail
+	@NODE_ENV=test node \
+		./node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js .
+
+.PHONY: test test-cov open-cov lint test-travis
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mquery/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58d632287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1375 @@
+# mquery
+
+`mquery` is a fluent mongodb query builder designed to run in multiple environments.
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/aheckmann/mquery.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/aheckmann/mquery)
+[![NPM version](https://badge.fury.io/js/mquery.svg)](http://badge.fury.io/js/mquery)
+
+[![npm](https://nodei.co/npm/mquery.png)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mquery)
+
+## Features
+
+  - fluent query builder api
+  - custom base query support
+  - MongoDB 2.4 geoJSON support
+  - method + option combinations validation
+  - node.js driver compatibility
+  - environment detection
+  - [debug](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug) support
+  - separated collection implementations for maximum flexibility
+
+## Use
+
+```js
+require('mongodb').connect(uri, function (err, db) {
+  if (err) return handleError(err);
+
+  // get a collection
+  var collection = db.collection('artists');
+
+  // pass it to the constructor
+  mquery(collection).find({..}, callback);
+
+  // or pass it to the collection method
+  mquery().find({..}).collection(collection).exec(callback)
+
+  // or better yet, create a custom query constructor that has it always set
+  var Artist = mquery(collection).toConstructor();
+  Artist().find(..).where(..).exec(callback)
+})
+```
+
+`mquery` requires a collection object to work with. In the example above we just pass the collection object created using the official [MongoDB driver](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native).
+
+
+## Fluent API
+
+- [find](#find)
+- [findOne](#findOne)
+- [count](#count)
+- [remove](#remove)
+- [update](#update)
+- [findOneAndUpdate](#findoneandupdate)
+- [findOneAndDelete, findOneAndRemove](#findoneandremove)
+- [distinct](#distinct)
+- [exec](#exec)
+- [stream](#stream)
+- [all](#all)
+- [and](#and)
+- [box](#box)
+- [circle](#circle)
+- [elemMatch](#elemmatch)
+- [equals](#equals)
+- [exists](#exists)
+- [geometry](#geometry)
+- [gt](#gt)
+- [gte](#gte)
+- [in](#in)
+- [intersects](#intersects)
+- [lt](#lt)
+- [lte](#lte)
+- [maxDistance](#maxdistance)
+- [mod](#mod)
+- [ne](#ne)
+- [nin](#nin)
+- [nor](#nor)
+- [near](#near)
+- [or](#or)
+- [polygon](#polygon)
+- [regex](#regex)
+- [select](#select)
+- [selected](#selected)
+- [selectedInclusively](#selectedinclusively)
+- [selectedExclusively](#selectedexclusively)
+- [size](#size)
+- [slice](#slice)
+- [within](#within)
+- [where](#where)
+- [$where](#where-1)
+- [batchSize](#batchsize)
+- [collation](#collation)
+- [comment](#comment)
+- [hint](#hint)
+- [j](#j)
+- [limit](#limit)
+- [maxScan](#maxscan)
+- [maxTime, maxTimeMS](#maxtime)
+- [skip](#skip)
+- [sort](#sort)
+- [read, setReadPreference](#read)
+- [readConcern, r](#readconcern)
+- [slaveOk](#slaveok)
+- [snapshot](#snapshot)
+- [tailable](#tailable)
+- [writeConcern, w](#writeconcern)
+- [wtimeout, wTimeout](#wtimeout)
+
+## Helpers
+
+- [collection](#collection)
+- [then](#then)
+- [thunk](#thunk)
+- [merge](#mergeobject)
+- [setOptions](#setoptionsoptions)
+- [setTraceFunction](#settracefunctionfunc)
+- [mquery.setGlobalTraceFunction](#mquerysetglobaltracefunctionfunc)
+- [mquery.canMerge](#mquerycanmerge)
+- [mquery.use$geoWithin](#mqueryusegeowithin)
+
+### find()
+
+Declares this query a _find_ query. Optionally pass a match clause and / or callback. If a callback is passed the query is executed.
+
+```js
+mquery().find()
+mquery().find(match)
+mquery().find(callback)
+mquery().find(match, function (err, docs) {
+  assert(Array.isArray(docs));
+})
+```
+
+### findOne()
+
+Declares this query a _findOne_ query. Optionally pass a match clause and / or callback. If a callback is passed the query is executed.
+
+```js
+mquery().findOne()
+mquery().findOne(match)
+mquery().findOne(callback)
+mquery().findOne(match, function (err, doc) {
+  if (doc) {
+    // the document may not be found
+    console.log(doc);
+  }
+})
+```
+
+### count()
+
+Declares this query a _count_ query. Optionally pass a match clause and / or callback. If a callback is passed the query is executed.
+
+```js
+mquery().count()
+mquery().count(match)
+mquery().count(callback)
+mquery().count(match, function (err, number){
+  console.log('we found %d matching documents', number);
+})
+```
+
+### remove()
+
+Declares this query a _remove_ query. Optionally pass a match clause and / or callback. If a callback is passed the query is executed.
+
+```js
+mquery().remove()
+mquery().remove(match)
+mquery().remove(callback)
+mquery().remove(match, function (err){})
+```
+
+### update()
+
+Declares this query an _update_ query. Optionally pass an update document, match clause, options or callback. If a callback is passed, the query is executed. To force execution without passing a callback, run `update(true)`.
+
+```js
+mquery().update()
+mquery().update(match, updateDocument)
+mquery().update(match, updateDocument, options)
+
+// the following all execute the command
+mquery().update(callback)
+mquery().update({$set: updateDocument, callback)
+mquery().update(match, updateDocument, callback)
+mquery().update(match, updateDocument, options, function (err, result){})
+mquery().update(true) // executes (unsafe write)
+```
+
+##### the update document
+
+All paths passed that are not `$atomic` operations will become `$set` ops. For example:
+
+```js
+mquery(collection).where({ _id: id }).update({ title: 'words' }, callback)
+```
+
+becomes
+
+```js
+collection.update({ _id: id }, { $set: { title: 'words' }}, callback)
+```
+
+This behavior can be overridden using the `overwrite` option (see below).
+
+##### options
+
+Options are passed to the `setOptions()` method.
+
+- overwrite
+
+Passing an empty object `{ }` as the update document will result in a no-op unless the `overwrite` option is passed. Without the `overwrite` option, the update operation will be ignored and the callback executed without sending the command to MongoDB to prevent accidently overwritting documents in the collection.
+
+```js
+var q = mquery(collection).where({ _id: id }).setOptions({ overwrite: true });
+q.update({ }, callback); // overwrite with an empty doc
+```
+
+The `overwrite` option isn't just for empty objects, it also provides a means to override the default `$set` conversion and send the update document as is.
+
+```js
+// create a base query
+var base = mquery({ _id: 108 }).collection(collection).toConstructor();
+
+base().findOne(function (err, doc) {
+  console.log(doc); // { _id: 108, name: 'cajon' })
+
+  base().setOptions({ overwrite: true }).update({ changed: true }, function (err) {
+    base.findOne(function (err, doc) {
+      console.log(doc); // { _id: 108, changed: true }) - the doc was overwritten
+    });
+  });
+})
+```
+
+- multi
+
+Updates only modify a single document by default. To update multiple documents, set the `multi` option to `true`.
+
+```js
+mquery()
+  .collection(coll)
+  .update({ name: /^match/ }, { $addToSet: { arr: 4 }}, { multi: true }, callback)
+
+// another way of doing it
+mquery({ name: /^match/ })
+  .collection(coll)
+  .setOptions({ multi: true })
+  .update({ $addToSet: { arr: 4 }}, callback)
+
+// update multiple documents with an empty doc
+var q = mquery(collection).where({ name: /^match/ });
+q.setOptions({ multi: true, overwrite: true })
+q.update({ });
+q.update(function (err, result) {
+  console.log(arguments);
+});
+```
+
+### findOneAndUpdate()
+
+Declares this query a _findAndModify_ with update query. Optionally pass a match clause, update document, options, or callback. If a callback is passed, the query is executed.
+
+When executed, the first matching document (if found) is modified according to the update document and passed back to the callback.
+
+##### options
+
+Options are passed to the `setOptions()` method.
+
+- `new`: boolean - true to return the modified document rather than the original. defaults to true
+- `upsert`: boolean - creates the object if it doesn't exist. defaults to false
+- `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the match condition, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+
+```js
+query.findOneAndUpdate()
+query.findOneAndUpdate(updateDocument)
+query.findOneAndUpdate(match, updateDocument)
+query.findOneAndUpdate(match, updateDocument, options)
+
+// the following all execute the command
+query.findOneAndUpdate(callback)
+query.findOneAndUpdate(updateDocument, callback)
+query.findOneAndUpdate(match, updateDocument, callback)
+query.findOneAndUpdate(match, updateDocument, options, function (err, doc) {
+  if (doc) {
+    // the document may not be found
+    console.log(doc);
+  }
+})
+ ```
+
+### findOneAndRemove()
+
+Declares this query a _findAndModify_ with remove query. Alias of findOneAndDelete.
+Optionally pass a match clause, options, or callback. If a callback is passed, the query is executed.
+
+When executed, the first matching document (if found) is modified according to the update document, removed from the collection and passed to the callback.
+
+##### options
+
+Options are passed to the `setOptions()` method.
+
+- `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the condition, sets the sort order to choose which doc to modify and remove
+
+```js
+A.where().findOneAndDelete()
+A.where().findOneAndRemove()
+A.where().findOneAndRemove(match)
+A.where().findOneAndRemove(match, options)
+
+// the following all execute the command
+A.where().findOneAndRemove(callback)
+A.where().findOneAndRemove(match, callback)
+A.where().findOneAndRemove(match, options, function (err, doc) {
+  if (doc) {
+    // the document may not be found
+    console.log(doc);
+  }
+})
+ ```
+
+### distinct()
+
+Declares this query a _distinct_ query. Optionally pass the distinct field, a match clause or callback. If a callback is passed the query is executed.
+
+```js
+mquery().distinct()
+mquery().distinct(match)
+mquery().distinct(match, field)
+mquery().distinct(field)
+
+// the following all execute the command
+mquery().distinct(callback)
+mquery().distinct(field, callback)
+mquery().distinct(match, callback)
+mquery().distinct(match, field, function (err, result) {
+  console.log(result);
+})
+```
+
+### exec()
+
+Executes the query.
+
+```js
+mquery().findOne().where('route').intersects(polygon).exec(function (err, docs){})
+```
+
+### stream()
+
+Executes the query and returns a stream.
+
+```js
+var stream = mquery().find().stream(options);
+stream.on('data', cb);
+stream.on('close', fn);
+```
+
+Note: this only works with `find()` operations.
+
+Note: returns the stream object directly from the node-mongodb-native driver. (currently streams1 type stream). Any options will be passed along to the [driver method](http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/api-generated/cursor.html#stream).
+
+-------------
+
+### all()
+
+Specifies an `$all` query condition
+
+```js
+mquery().where('permission').all(['read', 'write'])
+```
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/all/)
+
+### and()
+
+Specifies arguments for an `$and` condition
+
+```js
+mquery().and([{ color: 'green' }, { status: 'ok' }])
+```
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/and/)
+
+### box()
+
+Specifies a `$box` condition
+
+```js
+var lowerLeft = [40.73083, -73.99756]
+var upperRight= [40.741404,  -73.988135]
+
+mquery().where('location').within().box(lowerLeft, upperRight)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/box/)
+
+### circle()
+
+Specifies a `$center` or `$centerSphere` condition.
+
+```js
+var area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10, unique: true }
+query.where('loc').within().circle(area)
+query.circle('loc', area);
+
+// for spherical calculations
+var area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10, unique: true, spherical: true }
+query.where('loc').within().circle(area)
+query.circle('loc', area);
+```
+
+- [MongoDB Documentation - center](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/center/)
+- [MongoDB Documentation - centerSphere](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/centerSphere/)
+
+### elemMatch()
+
+Specifies an `$elemMatch` condition
+
+```js
+query.where('comment').elemMatch({ author: 'autobot', votes: {$gte: 5}})
+
+query.elemMatch('comment', function (elem) {
+  elem.where('author').equals('autobot');
+  elem.where('votes').gte(5);
+})
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/elemMatch/)
+
+### equals()
+
+Specifies the complementary comparison value for the path specified with `where()`.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('age').equals(49);
+
+// is the same as
+
+mquery().where({ 'age': 49 });
+```
+
+### exists()
+
+Specifies an `$exists` condition
+
+```js
+// { name: { $exists: true }}
+mquery().where('name').exists()
+mquery().where('name').exists(true)
+mquery().exists('name')
+
+// { name: { $exists: false }}
+mquery().where('name').exists(false);
+mquery().exists('name', false);
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/exists/)
+
+### geometry()
+
+Specifies a `$geometry` condition
+
+```js
+var polyA = [[[ 10, 20 ], [ 10, 40 ], [ 30, 40 ], [ 30, 20 ]]]
+query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: polyA })
+
+// or
+var polyB = [[ 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ]]
+query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: polyB })
+
+// or
+var polyC = [ 0, 0 ]
+query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: polyC })
+
+// or
+query.where('loc').intersects().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: polyC })
+
+// or
+query.where('loc').near().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: [3,5] })
+```
+
+`geometry()` **must** come after `intersects()`, `within()`, or `near()`.
+
+The `object` argument must contain `type` and `coordinates` properties.
+
+- type `String`
+- coordinates `Array`
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geometry/)
+
+### gt()
+
+Specifies a `$gt` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('clicks').gt(999)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/gt/)
+
+### gte()
+
+Specifies a `$gte` query condition.
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/gte/)
+
+```js
+mquery().where('clicks').gte(1000)
+```
+
+### in()
+
+Specifies an `$in` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('author_id').in([3, 48901, 761])
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/in/)
+
+### intersects()
+
+Declares an `$geoIntersects` query for `geometry()`.
+
+```js
+query.where('path').intersects().geometry({
+    type: 'LineString'
+  , coordinates: [[180.0, 11.0], [180, 9.0]]
+})
+
+// geometry arguments are supported
+query.where('path').intersects({
+    type: 'LineString'
+  , coordinates: [[180.0, 11.0], [180, 9.0]]
+})
+```
+
+**Must** be used after `where()`.
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geoIntersects/)
+
+### lt()
+
+Specifies a `$lt` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('clicks').lt(50)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/lt/)
+
+### lte()
+
+Specifies a `$lte` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('clicks').lte(49)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/lte/)
+
+### maxDistance()
+
+Specifies a `$maxDistance` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('location').near({ center: [139, 74.3] }).maxDistance(5)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/maxDistance/)
+
+### mod()
+
+Specifies a `$mod` condition
+
+```js
+mquery().where('count').mod(2, 0)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/mod/)
+
+### ne()
+
+Specifies a `$ne` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('status').ne('ok')
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/ne/)
+
+### nin()
+
+Specifies an `$nin` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('author_id').nin([3, 48901, 761])
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/nin/)
+
+### nor()
+
+Specifies arguments for an `$nor` condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().nor([{ color: 'green' }, { status: 'ok' }])
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/nor/)
+
+### near()
+
+Specifies arguments for a `$near` or `$nearSphere` condition.
+
+These operators return documents sorted by distance.
+
+#### Example
+
+```js
+query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10] });
+query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+query.near('loc', { center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+
+// GeoJSON
+query.where('loc').near({ center: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [10, 10] }});
+query.where('loc').near({ center: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [10, 10] }, maxDistance: 5, spherical: true });
+query.where('loc').near().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: [10, 10] });
+
+// For a $nearSphere condition, pass the `spherical` option.
+query.near({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5, spherical: true });
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing)
+
+### or()
+
+Specifies arguments for an `$or` condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().or([{ color: 'red' }, { status: 'emergency' }])
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/or/)
+
+### polygon()
+
+Specifies a `$polygon` condition
+
+```js
+mquery().where('loc').within().polygon([10,20], [13, 25], [7,15])
+mquery().polygon('loc', [10,20], [13, 25], [7,15])
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/polygon/)
+
+### regex()
+
+Specifies a `$regex` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('name').regex(/^sixstepsrecords/)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/regex/)
+
+### select()
+
+Specifies which document fields to include or exclude
+
+```js
+// 1 means include, 0 means exclude
+mquery().select({ name: 1, address: 1, _id: 0 })
+
+// or
+
+mquery().select('name address -_id')
+```
+
+##### String syntax
+
+When passing a string, prefixing a path with `-` will flag that path as excluded. When a path does not have the `-` prefix, it is included.
+
+```js
+// include a and b, exclude c
+query.select('a b -c');
+
+// or you may use object notation, useful when
+// you have keys already prefixed with a "-"
+query.select({a: 1, b: 1, c: 0});
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+### selected()
+
+Determines if the query has selected any fields.
+
+```js
+var query = mquery();
+query.selected() // false
+query.select('-name');
+query.selected() // true
+```
+
+### selectedInclusively()
+
+Determines if the query has selected any fields inclusively.
+
+```js
+var query = mquery().select('name');
+query.selectedInclusively() // true
+
+var query = mquery();
+query.selected() // false
+query.select('-name');
+query.selectedInclusively() // false
+query.selectedExclusively() // true
+```
+
+### selectedExclusively()
+
+Determines if the query has selected any fields exclusively.
+
+```js
+var query = mquery().select('-name');
+query.selectedExclusively() // true
+
+var query = mquery();
+query.selected() // false
+query.select('name');
+query.selectedExclusively() // false
+query.selectedInclusively() // true
+```
+
+### size()
+
+Specifies a `$size` query condition.
+
+```js
+mquery().where('someArray').size(6)
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/size/)
+
+### slice()
+
+Specifies a `$slice` projection for a `path`
+
+```js
+mquery().where('comments').slice(5)
+mquery().where('comments').slice(-5)
+mquery().where('comments').slice([-10, 5])
+```
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/projection/slice/)
+
+### within()
+
+Sets a `$geoWithin` or `$within` argument for geo-spatial queries.
+
+```js
+mquery().within().box()
+mquery().within().circle()
+mquery().within().geometry()
+
+mquery().where('loc').within({ center: [50,50], radius: 10, unique: true, spherical: true });
+mquery().where('loc').within({ box: [[40.73, -73.9], [40.7, -73.988]] });
+mquery().where('loc').within({ polygon: [[],[],[],[]] });
+
+mquery().where('loc').within([], [], []) // polygon
+mquery().where('loc').within([], []) // box
+mquery().where('loc').within({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: [...] }); // geometry
+```
+
+As of mquery 2.0, `$geoWithin` is used by default. This impacts you if running MongoDB < 2.4. To alter this behavior, see [mquery.use$geoWithin](#mqueryusegeowithin).
+
+**Must** be used after `where()`.
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geoWithin/)
+
+### where()
+
+Specifies a `path` for use with chaining
+
+```js
+// instead of writing:
+mquery().find({age: {$gte: 21, $lte: 65}});
+
+// we can instead write:
+mquery().where('age').gte(21).lte(65);
+
+// passing query conditions is permitted too
+mquery().find().where({ name: 'vonderful' })
+
+// chaining
+mquery()
+.where('age').gte(21).lte(65)
+.where({ 'name': /^vonderful/i })
+.where('friends').slice(10)
+.exec(callback)
+```
+
+### $where()
+
+Specifies a `$where` condition.
+
+Use `$where` when you need to select documents using a JavaScript expression.
+
+```js
+query.$where('this.comments.length > 10 || this.name.length > 5').exec(callback)
+
+query.$where(function () {
+  return this.comments.length > 10 || this.name.length > 5;
+})
+```
+
+Only use `$where` when you have a condition that cannot be met using other MongoDB operators like `$lt`. Be sure to read about all of [its caveats](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/where/) before using.
+
+-----------
+
+### batchSize()
+
+Specifies the batchSize option.
+
+```js
+query.batchSize(100)
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.batchSize/)
+
+### collation()
+
+Specifies the collation option.
+
+```js
+query.collation({ locale: "en_US", strength: 1 })
+```
+
+[MongoDB documentation](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.collation/#cursor.collation)
+
+### comment()
+
+Specifies the comment option.
+
+```js
+query.comment('login query');
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/)
+
+### hint()
+
+Sets query hints.
+
+```js
+mquery().hint({ indexA: 1, indexB: -1 })
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/hint/)
+
+### j()
+
+Requests acknowledgement that this operation has been persisted to MongoDB's on-disk journal.
+
+This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+
+- `deleteOne()`
+- `deleteMany()`
+- `findOneAndDelete()`
+- `findOneAndUpdate()`
+- `remove()`
+- `update()`
+- `updateOne()`
+- `updateMany()`
+
+Defaults to the `j` value if it is specified in [writeConcern](#writeconcern)
+
+```js
+mquery().j(true);
+```
+
+### limit()
+
+Specifies the limit option.
+
+```js
+query.limit(20)
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.limit/)
+
+### maxScan()
+
+Specifies the maxScan option.
+
+```js
+query.maxScan(100)
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/maxScan/)
+
+### maxTime()
+
+Specifies the maxTimeMS option.
+
+```js
+query.maxTime(100)
+query.maxTimeMS(100)
+```
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.maxTimeMS/)
+
+
+### skip()
+
+Specifies the skip option.
+
+```js
+query.skip(100).limit(20)
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.skip/)
+
+### sort()
+
+Sets the query sort order.
+
+If an object is passed, key values allowed are `asc`, `desc`, `ascending`, `descending`, `1`, and `-1`.
+
+If a string is passed, it must be a space delimited list of path names. The sort order of each path is ascending unless the path name is prefixed with `-` which will be treated as descending.
+
+```js
+// these are equivalent
+query.sort({ field: 'asc', test: -1 });
+query.sort('field -test');
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/cursor.sort/)
+
+### read()
+
+Sets the readPreference option for the query.
+
+```js
+mquery().read('primary')
+mquery().read('p')  // same as primary
+
+mquery().read('primaryPreferred')
+mquery().read('pp') // same as primaryPreferred
+
+mquery().read('secondary')
+mquery().read('s')  // same as secondary
+
+mquery().read('secondaryPreferred')
+mquery().read('sp') // same as secondaryPreferred
+
+mquery().read('nearest')
+mquery().read('n')  // same as nearest
+
+mquery().setReadPreference('primary') // alias of .read()
+```
+
+##### Preferences:
+
+- `primary` - (default) Read from primary only. Operations will produce an error if primary is unavailable. Cannot be combined with tags.
+- `secondary` - Read from secondary if available, otherwise error.
+- `primaryPreferred` - Read from primary if available, otherwise a secondary.
+- `secondaryPreferred` - Read from a secondary if available, otherwise read from the primary.
+- `nearest` - All operations read from among the nearest candidates, but unlike other modes, this option will include both the primary and all secondaries in the random selection.
+
+Aliases
+
+- `p`   primary
+- `pp`  primaryPreferred
+- `s`   secondary
+- `sp`  secondaryPreferred
+- `n`   nearest
+
+##### Preference Tags:
+
+To keep the separation of concerns between `mquery` and your driver
+clean, `mquery#read()` no longer handles specifying a second `tags` argument as of version 0.5.
+If you need to specify tags, pass any non-string argument as the first argument.
+`mquery` will pass this argument untouched to your collections methods later.
+For example:
+
+```js
+// example of specifying tags using the Node.js driver
+var ReadPref = require('mongodb').ReadPreference;
+var preference = new ReadPref('secondary', [{ dc:'sf', s: 1 },{ dc:'ma', s: 2 }]);
+mquery(..).read(preference).exec();
+```
+
+Read more about how to use read preferences [here](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference) and [here](http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/anintroductionto1_1and2_2.html#read-preferences).
+
+
+### readConcern()
+
+Sets the readConcern option for the query.
+
+```js
+// local
+mquery().readConcern('local')
+mquery().readConcern('l')
+mquery().r('l')
+
+// available
+mquery().readConcern('available')
+mquery().readConcern('a')
+mquery().r('a')
+
+// majority
+mquery().readConcern('majority')
+mquery().readConcern('m')
+mquery().r('m')
+
+// linearizable
+mquery().readConcern('linearizable')
+mquery().readConcern('lz')
+mquery().r('lz')
+
+// snapshot
+mquery().readConcern('snapshot')
+mquery().readConcern('s')
+mquery().r('s')
+```
+
+##### Read Concern Level:
+
+- `local` - The query returns from the instance with no guarantee guarantee that the data has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back). (MongoDB 3.2+)
+- `available` - The query returns from the instance with no guarantee guarantee that the data has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back). (MongoDB 3.6+)
+- `majority` - The query returns the data that has been acknowledged by a majority of the replica set members. The documents returned by the read operation are durable, even in the event of failure. (MongoDB 3.2+)
+- `linearizable` - The query returns data that reflects all successful majority-acknowledged writes that completed prior to the start of the read operation. The query may wait for concurrently executing writes to propagate to a majority of replica set members before returning results. (MongoDB 3.4+)
+- `snapshot` - Only available for operations within multi-document transactions. Upon transaction commit with write concern "majority", the transaction operations are guaranteed to have read from a snapshot of majority-committed data. (MongoDB 4.0+)
+
+Aliases
+
+- `l`   local
+- `a`   available
+- `m`   majority
+- `lz`  linearizable
+- `s`   snapshot
+
+Read more about how to use read concern [here](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/).
+
+### writeConcern()
+
+Sets the writeConcern option for the query.
+
+This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+
+- `deleteOne()`
+- `deleteMany()`
+- `findOneAndDelete()`
+- `findOneAndUpdate()`
+- `remove()`
+- `update()`
+- `updateOne()`
+- `updateMany()`
+
+```js
+mquery().writeConcern(0)
+mquery().writeConcern(1)
+mquery().writeConcern({ w: 1, j: true, wtimeout: 2000 })
+mquery().writeConcern('majority')
+mquery().writeConcern('m') // same as majority
+mquery().writeConcern('tagSetName') // if the tag set is 'm', use .writeConcern({ w: 'm' }) instead
+mquery().w(1) // w is alias of writeConcern
+```
+
+##### Write Concern:
+
+writeConcern({ w: `<value>`, j: `<boolean>`, wtimeout: `<number>` }`)
+
+- the w option to request acknowledgement that the write operation has propagated to a specified number of mongod instances or to mongod instances with specified tags
+- the j option to request acknowledgement that the write operation has been written to the journal
+- the wtimeout option to specify a time limit to prevent write operations from blocking indefinitely
+
+Can be break down to use the following syntax:
+
+mquery().w(`<value>`).j(`<boolean>`).wtimeout(`<number>`)
+
+Read more about how to use write concern [here](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/)
+
+### slaveOk()
+
+Sets the slaveOk option. `true` allows reading from secondaries.
+
+**deprecated** use [read()](#read) preferences instead if on mongodb >= 2.2
+
+```js
+query.slaveOk() // true
+query.slaveOk(true)
+query.slaveOk(false)
+```
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/rs.slaveOk/)
+
+### snapshot()
+
+Specifies this query as a snapshot query.
+
+```js
+mquery().snapshot() // true
+mquery().snapshot(true)
+mquery().snapshot(false)
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/snapshot/)
+
+### tailable()
+
+Sets tailable option.
+
+```js
+mquery().tailable() <== true
+mquery().tailable(true)
+mquery().tailable(false)
+```
+
+_Cannot be used with `distinct()`._
+
+[MongoDB Documentation](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/create-tailable-cursor/)
+
+### wtimeout()
+
+Specifies a time limit, in milliseconds, for the write concern. If `w > 1`, it is maximum amount of time to
+wait for this write to propagate through the replica set before this operation fails. The default is `0`, which means no timeout.
+
+This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+
+- `deleteOne()`
+- `deleteMany()`
+- `findOneAndDelete()`
+- `findOneAndUpdate()`
+- `remove()`
+- `update()`
+- `updateOne()`
+- `updateMany()`
+
+Defaults to `wtimeout` value if it is specified in [writeConcern](#writeconcern)
+
+```js
+mquery().wtimeout(2000)
+mquery().wTimeout(2000)
+```
+
+## Helpers
+
+### collection()
+
+Sets the querys collection.
+
+```js
+mquery().collection(aCollection)
+```
+
+### then()
+
+Executes the query and returns a promise which will be resolved with the query results or rejected if the query responds with an error.
+
+```js
+mquery().find(..).then(success, error);
+```
+
+This is very useful when combined with [co](https://github.com/visionmedia/co) or [koa](https://github.com/koajs/koa), which automatically resolve promise-like objects for you.
+
+```js
+co(function*(){
+  var doc = yield mquery().findOne({ _id: 499 });
+  console.log(doc); // { _id: 499, name: 'amazing', .. }
+})();
+```
+
+_NOTE_:
+The returned promise is a [bluebird](https://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird/) promise but this is customizable. If you want to
+use your favorite promise library, simply set `mquery.Promise = YourPromiseConstructor`.
+Your `Promise` must be [promises A+](http://promisesaplus.com/) compliant.
+
+### thunk()
+
+Returns a thunk which when called runs the query's `exec` method passing the results to the callback.
+
+```js
+var thunk = mquery(collection).find({..}).thunk();
+
+thunk(function(err, results) {
+
+})
+```
+
+### merge(object)
+
+Merges other mquery or match condition objects into this one. When an mquery instance is passed, its match conditions, field selection and options are merged.
+
+```js
+var drum = mquery({ type: 'drum' }).collection(instruments);
+var redDrum = mquery({ color: 'red' }).merge(drum);
+redDrum.count(function (err, n) {
+  console.log('there are %d red drums', n);
+})
+```
+
+Internally uses `mquery.canMerge` to determine validity.
+
+### setOptions(options)
+
+Sets query options.
+
+```js
+mquery().setOptions({ collection: coll, limit: 20 })
+```
+
+##### options
+
+- [tailable](#tailable) *
+- [sort](#sort) *
+- [limit](#limit) *
+- [skip](#skip) *
+- [maxScan](#maxscan) *
+- [maxTime](#maxtime) *
+- [batchSize](#batchSize) *
+- [comment](#comment) *
+- [snapshot](#snapshot) *
+- [hint](#hint) *
+- [slaveOk](#slaveOk) *
+- [safe](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/write-concern/): Boolean - passed through to the collection. Setting to `true` is equivalent to `{ w: 1 }`
+- [collection](#collection): the collection to query against
+
+_* denotes a query helper method is also available_
+
+### setTraceFunction(func)
+
+Set a function to trace this query. Useful for profiling or logging.
+
+```js
+function traceFunction (method, queryInfo, query) {
+  console.log('starting ' + method + ' query');
+
+  return function (err, result, millis) {
+    console.log('finished ' + method + ' query in ' + millis + 'ms');
+  };
+}
+
+mquery().setTraceFunction(traceFunction).findOne({name: 'Joe'}, cb);
+```
+
+The trace function is passed (method, queryInfo, query)
+
+- method is the name of the method being called (e.g. findOne)
+- queryInfo contains information about the query:
+ - conditions: query conditions/criteria
+ - options: options such as sort, fields, etc
+ - doc: document being updated
+- query is the query object
+
+The trace function should return a callback function which accepts:
+- err: error, if any
+- result: result, if any
+- millis: time spent waiting for query result
+
+NOTE: stream requests are not traced.
+
+### mquery.setGlobalTraceFunction(func)
+
+Similar to `setTraceFunction()` but automatically applied to all queries.
+
+```js
+mquery.setTraceFunction(traceFunction);
+```
+
+### mquery.canMerge(conditions)
+
+Determines if `conditions` can be merged using `mquery().merge()`.
+
+```js
+var query = mquery({ type: 'drum' });
+var okToMerge = mquery.canMerge(anObject)
+if (okToMerge) {
+  query.merge(anObject);
+}
+```
+
+## mquery.use$geoWithin
+
+MongoDB 2.4 introduced the `$geoWithin` operator which replaces and is 100% backward compatible with `$within`. As of mquery 0.2, we default to using `$geoWithin` for all `within()` calls.
+
+If you are running MongoDB < 2.4 this will be problematic. To force `mquery` to be backward compatible and always use `$within`, set the `mquery.use$geoWithin` flag to `false`.
+
+```js
+mquery.use$geoWithin = false;
+```
+
+## Custom Base Queries
+
+Often times we want custom base queries that encapsulate predefined criteria. With `mquery` this is easy. First create the query you want to reuse and call its `toConstructor()` method which returns a new subclass of `mquery` that retains all options and criteria of the original.
+
+```js
+var greatMovies = mquery(movieCollection).where('rating').gte(4.5).toConstructor();
+
+// use it!
+greatMovies().count(function (err, n) {
+  console.log('There are %d great movies', n);
+});
+
+greatMovies().where({ name: /^Life/ }).select('name').find(function (err, docs) {
+  console.log(docs);
+});
+```
+
+## Validation
+
+Method and options combinations are checked for validity at runtime to prevent creation of invalid query constructs. For example, a `distinct` query does not support specifying options like `hint` or field selection. In this case an error will be thrown so you can catch these mistakes in development.
+
+## Debug support
+
+Debug mode is provided through the use of the [debug](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug) module. To enable:
+
+    DEBUG=mquery node yourprogram.js
+
+Read the debug module documentation for more details.
+
+## General compatibility
+
+#### ObjectIds
+
+`mquery` clones query arguments before passing them to a `collection` method for execution.
+This prevents accidental side-affects to the objects you pass.
+To clone `ObjectIds` we need to make some assumptions.
+
+First, to check if an object is an `ObjectId`, we check its constructors name. If it matches either
+`ObjectId` or `ObjectID` we clone it.
+
+To clone `ObjectIds`, we call its optional `clone` method. If a `clone` method does not exist, we fall
+back to calling `new obj.constructor(obj.id)`. We assume, for compatibility with the
+Node.js driver, that the `ObjectId` instance has a public `id` property and that
+when creating an `ObjectId` instance we can pass that `id` as an argument.
+
+#### Read Preferences
+
+`mquery` supports specifying [Read Preferences]() to control from which MongoDB node your query will read.
+The Read Preferences spec also support specifying tags. To pass tags, some
+drivers (Node.js driver) require passing a special constructor that handles both the read preference and its tags.
+If you need to specify tags, pass an instance of your drivers ReadPreference constructor or roll your own. `mquery` will store whatever you provide and pass later to your collection during execution.
+
+## Future goals
+
+  - mongo shell compatibility
+  - browser compatibility
+
+## Installation
+
+    $ npm install mquery
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](https://github.com/aheckmann/mquery/blob/master/LICENSE)
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/SECURITY.md b/backend/node_modules/mquery/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41b89d834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Please follow the instructions on [Tidelift's security page](https://tidelift.com/docs/security) to report a security issue.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/collection.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/collection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f39c76b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/collection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * methods a collection must implement
+ */
+
+var methods = [
+  'find',
+  'findOne',
+  'update',
+  'updateMany',
+  'updateOne',
+  'replaceOne',
+  'remove',
+  'count',
+  'distinct',
+  'findAndModify',
+  'aggregate',
+  'findStream',
+  'deleteOne',
+  'deleteMany'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Collection base class from which implementations inherit
+ */
+
+function Collection() {}
+
+for (var i = 0, len = methods.length; i < len; ++i) {
+  var method = methods[i];
+  Collection.prototype[method] = notImplemented(method);
+}
+
+module.exports = exports = Collection;
+Collection.methods = methods;
+
+/**
+ * creates a function which throws an implementation error
+ */
+
+function notImplemented(method) {
+  return function() {
+    throw new Error('collection.' + method + ' not implemented');
+  };
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1992e201e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var env = require('../env');
+
+if ('unknown' == env.type) {
+  throw new Error('Unknown environment');
+}
+
+module.exports =
+  env.isNode ? require('./node') :
+    env.isMongo ? require('./collection') :
+      require('./collection');
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/node.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc07d6072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/collection/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies
+ */
+
+var Collection = require('./collection');
+var utils = require('../utils');
+
+function NodeCollection(col) {
+  this.collection = col;
+  this.collectionName = col.collectionName;
+}
+
+/**
+ * inherit from collection base class
+ */
+
+utils.inherits(NodeCollection, Collection);
+
+/**
+ * find(match, options, function(err, docs))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.find = function(match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.find(match, options, function(err, cursor) {
+    if (err) return cb(err);
+
+    try {
+      cursor.toArray(cb);
+    } catch (error) {
+      cb(error);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * findOne(match, options, function(err, doc))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.findOne = function(match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.findOne(match, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * count(match, options, function(err, count))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.count = function(match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.count(match, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * distinct(prop, match, options, function(err, count))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.distinct = function(prop, match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.distinct(prop, match, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * update(match, update, options, function(err[, result]))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.update = function(match, update, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.update(match, update, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * update(match, update, options, function(err[, result]))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.updateMany = function(match, update, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.updateMany(match, update, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * update(match, update, options, function(err[, result]))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.updateOne = function(match, update, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.updateOne(match, update, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * replaceOne(match, update, options, function(err[, result]))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.replaceOne = function(match, update, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.replaceOne(match, update, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * deleteOne(match, options, function(err[, result])
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.deleteOne = function(match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.deleteOne(match, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * deleteMany(match, options, function(err[, result])
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.deleteMany = function(match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.deleteMany(match, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * remove(match, options, function(err[, result])
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.remove = function(match, options, cb) {
+  this.collection.remove(match, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * findAndModify(match, update, options, function(err, doc))
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.findAndModify = function(match, update, options, cb) {
+  var sort = Array.isArray(options.sort) ? options.sort : [];
+  this.collection.findAndModify(match, sort, update, options, cb);
+};
+
+/**
+ * var stream = findStream(match, findOptions, streamOptions)
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.findStream = function(match, findOptions, streamOptions) {
+  return this.collection.find(match, findOptions).stream(streamOptions);
+};
+
+/**
+ * var cursor = findCursor(match, findOptions)
+ */
+
+NodeCollection.prototype.findCursor = function(match, findOptions) {
+  return this.collection.find(match, findOptions);
+};
+
+/**
+ * aggregation(operators..., function(err, doc))
+ * TODO
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Expose
+ */
+
+module.exports = exports = NodeCollection;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/env.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/env.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3d225b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/env.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+'use strict';
+
+exports.isNode = 'undefined' != typeof process
+           && 'object' == typeof module
+           && 'object' == typeof global
+           && 'function' == typeof Buffer
+           && process.argv;
+
+exports.isMongo = !exports.isNode
+           && 'function' == typeof printjson
+           && 'function' == typeof ObjectId
+           && 'function' == typeof rs
+           && 'function' == typeof sh;
+
+exports.isBrowser = !exports.isNode
+                 && !exports.isMongo
+                 && 'undefined' != typeof window;
+
+exports.type = exports.isNode ? 'node'
+  : exports.isMongo ? 'mongo'
+    : exports.isBrowser ? 'browser'
+      : 'unknown';
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/mquery.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/mquery.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fdd9e12f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/mquery.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3252 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Dependencies
+ */
+
+var slice = require('sliced');
+var assert = require('assert');
+var util = require('util');
+var utils = require('./utils');
+var debug = require('debug')('mquery');
+
+/* global Map */
+
+/**
+ * Query constructor used for building queries.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     var query = new Query({ name: 'mquery' });
+ *     query.setOptions({ collection: moduleCollection })
+ *     query.where('age').gte(21).exec(callback);
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Query(criteria, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Query))
+    return new Query(criteria, options);
+
+  var proto = this.constructor.prototype;
+
+  this.op = proto.op || undefined;
+
+  this.options = Object.assign({}, proto.options);
+
+  this._conditions = proto._conditions
+    ? utils.clone(proto._conditions)
+    : {};
+
+  this._fields = proto._fields
+    ? utils.clone(proto._fields)
+    : undefined;
+
+  this._update = proto._update
+    ? utils.clone(proto._update)
+    : undefined;
+
+  this._path = proto._path || undefined;
+  this._distinct = proto._distinct || undefined;
+  this._collection = proto._collection || undefined;
+  this._traceFunction = proto._traceFunction || undefined;
+
+  if (options) {
+    this.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  if (criteria) {
+    if (criteria.find && criteria.remove && criteria.update) {
+      // quack quack!
+      this.collection(criteria);
+    } else {
+      this.find(criteria);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is a parameter that the user can set which determines if mquery
+ * uses $within or $geoWithin for queries. It defaults to true which
+ * means $geoWithin will be used. If using MongoDB < 2.4 you should
+ * set this to false.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ * @property use$geoWithin
+ */
+
+var $withinCmd = '$geoWithin';
+Object.defineProperty(Query, 'use$geoWithin', {
+  get: function( ) { return $withinCmd == '$geoWithin'; },
+  set: function(v) {
+    if (true === v) {
+      // mongodb >= 2.4
+      $withinCmd = '$geoWithin';
+    } else {
+      $withinCmd = '$within';
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Converts this query to a constructor function with all arguments and options retained.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Create a query that will read documents with a "video" category from
+ *     // `aCollection` on the primary node in the replica-set unless it is down,
+ *     // in which case we'll read from a secondary node.
+ *     var query = mquery({ category: 'video' })
+ *     query.setOptions({ collection: aCollection, read: 'primaryPreferred' });
+ *
+ *     // create a constructor based off these settings
+ *     var Video = query.toConstructor();
+ *
+ *     // Video is now a subclass of mquery() and works the same way but with the
+ *     // default query parameters and options set.
+ *
+ *     // run a query with the previous settings but filter for movies with names
+ *     // that start with "Life".
+ *     Video().where({ name: /^Life/ }).exec(cb);
+ *
+ * @return {Query} new Query
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.toConstructor = function toConstructor() {
+  function CustomQuery(criteria, options) {
+    if (!(this instanceof CustomQuery))
+      return new CustomQuery(criteria, options);
+    Query.call(this, criteria, options);
+  }
+
+  utils.inherits(CustomQuery, Query);
+
+  // set inherited defaults
+  var p = CustomQuery.prototype;
+
+  p.options = {};
+  p.setOptions(this.options);
+
+  p.op = this.op;
+  p._conditions = utils.clone(this._conditions);
+  p._fields = utils.clone(this._fields);
+  p._update = utils.clone(this._update);
+  p._path = this._path;
+  p._distinct = this._distinct;
+  p._collection = this._collection;
+  p._traceFunction = this._traceFunction;
+
+  return CustomQuery;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets query options.
+ *
+ * ####Options:
+ *
+ * - [tailable](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Tailable+Cursors) *
+ * - [sort](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bsort(\)%7D%7D) *
+ * - [limit](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Blimit%28%29%7D%7D) *
+ * - [skip](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bskip%28%29%7D%7D) *
+ * - [maxScan](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24maxScan) *
+ * - [maxTime](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/meta/maxTimeMS/#op._S_maxTimeMS) *
+ * - [batchSize](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7BbatchSize%28%29%7D%7D) *
+ * - [comment](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24comment) *
+ * - [snapshot](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bsnapshot%28%29%7D%7D) *
+ * - [hint](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24hint) *
+ * - [slaveOk](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference) *
+ * - [safe](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/getLastError+Command)
+ * - collection the collection to query against
+ *
+ * _* denotes a query helper method is also available_
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.setOptions = function(options) {
+  if (!(options && utils.isObject(options)))
+    return this;
+
+  // set arbitrary options
+  var methods = utils.keys(options),
+      method;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; ++i) {
+    method = methods[i];
+
+    // use methods if exist (safer option manipulation)
+    if ('function' == typeof this[method]) {
+      var args = utils.isArray(options[method])
+        ? options[method]
+        : [options[method]];
+      this[method].apply(this, args);
+    } else {
+      this.options[method] = options[method];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets this Querys collection.
+ *
+ * @param {Collection} coll
+ * @return {Query} this
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.collection = function collection(coll) {
+  this._collection = new Query.Collection(coll);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a collation to this op (MongoDB 3.4 and up)
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.find().collation({ locale: "en_US", strength: 1 })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} value
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see MongoDB docs https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/cursor.collation/#cursor.collation
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.collation = function(value) {
+  this.options.collation = value;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$where` condition
+ *
+ * Use `$where` when you need to select documents using a JavaScript expression.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.$where('this.comments.length > 10 || this.name.length > 5')
+ *
+ *     query.$where(function () {
+ *       return this.comments.length > 10 || this.name.length > 5;
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} js javascript string or function
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @method $where
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.$where = function(js) {
+  this._conditions.$where = js;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `path` for use with chaining.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // instead of writing:
+ *     User.find({age: {$gte: 21, $lte: 65}}, callback);
+ *
+ *     // we can instead write:
+ *     User.where('age').gte(21).lte(65);
+ *
+ *     // passing query conditions is permitted
+ *     User.find().where({ name: 'vonderful' })
+ *
+ *     // chaining
+ *     User
+ *     .where('age').gte(21).lte(65)
+ *     .where('name', /^vonderful/i)
+ *     .where('friends').slice(10)
+ *     .exec(callback)
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Object} [val]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.where = function() {
+  if (!arguments.length) return this;
+  if (!this.op) this.op = 'find';
+
+  var type = typeof arguments[0];
+
+  if ('string' == type) {
+    this._path = arguments[0];
+
+    if (2 === arguments.length) {
+      this._conditions[this._path] = arguments[1];
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if ('object' == type && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
+    return this.merge(arguments[0]);
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('path must be a string or object');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the complementary comparison value for paths specified with `where()`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     User.where('age').equals(49);
+ *
+ *     // is the same as
+ *
+ *     User.where('age', 49);
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.equals = function equals(val) {
+  this._ensurePath('equals');
+  var path = this._path;
+  this._conditions[path] = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the complementary comparison value for paths specified with `where()`
+ * This is alias of `equals`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     User.where('age').eq(49);
+ *
+ *     // is the same as
+ *
+ *     User.shere('age').equals(49);
+ *
+ *     // is the same as
+ *
+ *     User.where('age', 49);
+ *
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.eq = function eq(val) {
+  this._ensurePath('eq');
+  var path = this._path;
+  this._conditions[path] = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies arguments for an `$or` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.or([{ color: 'red' }, { status: 'emergency' }])
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array array of conditions
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.or = function or(array) {
+  var or = this._conditions.$or || (this._conditions.$or = []);
+  if (!utils.isArray(array)) array = [array];
+  or.push.apply(or, array);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies arguments for a `$nor` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.nor([{ color: 'green' }, { status: 'ok' }])
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array array of conditions
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.nor = function nor(array) {
+  var nor = this._conditions.$nor || (this._conditions.$nor = []);
+  if (!utils.isArray(array)) array = [array];
+  nor.push.apply(nor, array);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies arguments for a `$and` condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.and([{ color: 'green' }, { status: 'ok' }])
+ *
+ * @see $and http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/and/
+ * @param {Array} array array of conditions
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.and = function and(array) {
+  var and = this._conditions.$and || (this._conditions.$and = []);
+  if (!Array.isArray(array)) array = [array];
+  and.push.apply(and, array);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $gt query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     Thing.find().where('age').gt(21)
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     Thing.find().gt('age', 21)
+ *
+ * @method gt
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $gte query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method gte
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $lt query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method lt
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $lte query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method lte
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $ne query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method ne
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an $in query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method in
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an $nin query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method nin
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an $all query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method all
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $size query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method size
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $regex query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method regex
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {String|RegExp} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $maxDistance query condition.
+ *
+ * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @method maxDistance
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * gt, gte, lt, lte, ne, in, nin, all, regex, size, maxDistance
+ *
+ *     Thing.where('type').nin(array)
+ */
+
+'gt gte lt lte ne in nin all regex size maxDistance minDistance'.split(' ').forEach(function($conditional) {
+  Query.prototype[$conditional] = function() {
+    var path, val;
+
+    if (1 === arguments.length) {
+      this._ensurePath($conditional);
+      val = arguments[0];
+      path = this._path;
+    } else {
+      val = arguments[1];
+      path = arguments[0];
+    }
+
+    var conds = this._conditions[path] === null || typeof this._conditions[path] === 'object' ?
+      this._conditions[path] :
+      (this._conditions[path] = {});
+    conds['$' + $conditional] = val;
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$mod` condition
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.mod = function() {
+  var val, path;
+
+  if (1 === arguments.length) {
+    this._ensurePath('mod');
+    val = arguments[0];
+    path = this._path;
+  } else if (2 === arguments.length && !utils.isArray(arguments[1])) {
+    this._ensurePath('mod');
+    val = slice(arguments);
+    path = this._path;
+  } else if (3 === arguments.length) {
+    val = slice(arguments, 1);
+    path = arguments[0];
+  } else {
+    val = arguments[1];
+    path = arguments[0];
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds.$mod = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$exists` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // { name: { $exists: true }}
+ *     Thing.where('name').exists()
+ *     Thing.where('name').exists(true)
+ *     Thing.find().exists('name')
+ *
+ *     // { name: { $exists: false }}
+ *     Thing.where('name').exists(false);
+ *     Thing.find().exists('name', false);
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.exists = function() {
+  var path, val;
+
+  if (0 === arguments.length) {
+    this._ensurePath('exists');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = true;
+  } else if (1 === arguments.length) {
+    if ('boolean' === typeof arguments[0]) {
+      this._ensurePath('exists');
+      path = this._path;
+      val = arguments[0];
+    } else {
+      path = arguments[0];
+      val = true;
+    }
+  } else if (2 === arguments.length) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    val = arguments[1];
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds.$exists = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies an `$elemMatch` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.elemMatch('comment', { author: 'autobot', votes: {$gte: 5}})
+ *
+ *     query.where('comment').elemMatch({ author: 'autobot', votes: {$gte: 5}})
+ *
+ *     query.elemMatch('comment', function (elem) {
+ *       elem.where('author').equals('autobot');
+ *       elem.where('votes').gte(5);
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     query.where('comment').elemMatch(function (elem) {
+ *       elem.where({ author: 'autobot' });
+ *       elem.where('votes').gte(5);
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object|Function} path
+ * @param {Object|Function} criteria
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.elemMatch = function() {
+  if (null == arguments[0])
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+
+  var fn, path, criteria;
+
+  if ('function' === typeof arguments[0]) {
+    this._ensurePath('elemMatch');
+    path = this._path;
+    fn = arguments[0];
+  } else if (utils.isObject(arguments[0])) {
+    this._ensurePath('elemMatch');
+    path = this._path;
+    criteria = arguments[0];
+  } else if ('function' === typeof arguments[1]) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    fn = arguments[1];
+  } else if (arguments[1] && utils.isObject(arguments[1])) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    criteria = arguments[1];
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  if (fn) {
+    criteria = new Query;
+    fn(criteria);
+    criteria = criteria._conditions;
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds.$elemMatch = criteria;
+  return this;
+};
+
+// Spatial queries
+
+/**
+ * Sugar for geo-spatial queries.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.within().box()
+ *     query.within().circle()
+ *     query.within().geometry()
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ center: [50,50], radius: 10, unique: true, spherical: true });
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ box: [[40.73, -73.9], [40.7, -73.988]] });
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ polygon: [[],[],[],[]] });
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within([], [], []) // polygon
+ *     query.where('loc').within([], []) // box
+ *     query.where('loc').within({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: [...] }); // geometry
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * Must be used after `where()`.
+ *
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.within = function within() {
+  // opinionated, must be used after where
+  this._ensurePath('within');
+  this._geoComparison = $withinCmd;
+
+  if (0 === arguments.length) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (2 === arguments.length) {
+    return this.box.apply(this, arguments);
+  } else if (2 < arguments.length) {
+    return this.polygon.apply(this, arguments);
+  }
+
+  var area = arguments[0];
+
+  if (!area)
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+
+  if (area.center)
+    return this.circle(area);
+
+  if (area.box)
+    return this.box.apply(this, area.box);
+
+  if (area.polygon)
+    return this.polygon.apply(this, area.polygon);
+
+  if (area.type && area.coordinates)
+    return this.geometry(area);
+
+  throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $box condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     var lowerLeft = [40.73083, -73.99756]
+ *     var upperRight= [40.741404,  -73.988135]
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within().box(lowerLeft, upperRight)
+ *     query.box('loc', lowerLeft, upperRight )
+ *
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @see Query#within #query_Query-within
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.box = function() {
+  var path, box;
+
+  if (3 === arguments.length) {
+    // box('loc', [], [])
+    path = arguments[0];
+    box = [arguments[1], arguments[2]];
+  } else if (2 === arguments.length) {
+    // box([], [])
+    this._ensurePath('box');
+    path = this._path;
+    box = [arguments[0], arguments[1]];
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds[this._geoComparison || $withinCmd] = { '$box': box };
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $polygon condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').within().polygon([10,20], [13, 25], [7,15])
+ *     query.polygon('loc', [10,20], [13, 25], [7,15])
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} [path]
+ * @param {Array|Object} [val]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.polygon = function() {
+  var val, path;
+
+  if ('string' == typeof arguments[0]) {
+    // polygon('loc', [],[],[])
+    path = arguments[0];
+    val = slice(arguments, 1);
+  } else {
+    // polygon([],[],[])
+    this._ensurePath('polygon');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = slice(arguments);
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds[this._geoComparison || $withinCmd] = { '$polygon': val };
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $center or $centerSphere condition.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     var area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10, unique: true }
+ *     query.where('loc').within().circle(area)
+ *     query.center('loc', area);
+ *
+ *     // for spherical calculations
+ *     var area = { center: [50, 50], radius: 10, unique: true, spherical: true }
+ *     query.where('loc').within().circle(area)
+ *     query.center('loc', area);
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Object} area
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.circle = function() {
+  var path, val;
+
+  if (1 === arguments.length) {
+    this._ensurePath('circle');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = arguments[0];
+  } else if (2 === arguments.length) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    val = arguments[1];
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  if (!('radius' in val && val.center))
+    throw new Error('center and radius are required');
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+
+  var type = val.spherical
+    ? '$centerSphere'
+    : '$center';
+
+  var wKey = this._geoComparison || $withinCmd;
+  conds[wKey] = {};
+  conds[wKey][type] = [val.center, val.radius];
+
+  if ('unique' in val)
+    conds[wKey].$uniqueDocs = !!val.unique;
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$near` or `$nearSphere` condition
+ *
+ * These operators return documents sorted by distance.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10] });
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+ *     query.where('loc').near({ center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5, spherical: true });
+ *     query.near('loc', { center: [10, 10], maxDistance: 5 });
+ *     query.near({ center: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [..] }})
+ *     query.near().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: [..] })
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Object} val
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.near = function near() {
+  var path, val;
+
+  this._geoComparison = '$near';
+
+  if (0 === arguments.length) {
+    return this;
+  } else if (1 === arguments.length) {
+    this._ensurePath('near');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = arguments[0];
+  } else if (2 === arguments.length) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    val = arguments[1];
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  if (!val.center) {
+    throw new Error('center is required');
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+
+  var type = val.spherical
+    ? '$nearSphere'
+    : '$near';
+
+  // center could be a GeoJSON object or an Array
+  if (Array.isArray(val.center)) {
+    conds[type] = val.center;
+
+    var radius = 'maxDistance' in val
+      ? val.maxDistance
+      : null;
+
+    if (null != radius) {
+      conds.$maxDistance = radius;
+    }
+    if (null != val.minDistance) {
+      conds.$minDistance = val.minDistance;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // GeoJSON?
+    if (val.center.type != 'Point' || !Array.isArray(val.center.coordinates)) {
+      throw new Error(util.format('Invalid GeoJSON specified for %s', type));
+    }
+    conds[type] = { $geometry : val.center };
+
+    // MongoDB 2.6 insists on maxDistance being in $near / $nearSphere
+    if ('maxDistance' in val) {
+      conds[type]['$maxDistance'] = val.maxDistance;
+    }
+    if ('minDistance' in val) {
+      conds[type]['$minDistance'] = val.minDistance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares an intersects query for `geometry()`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.where('path').intersects().geometry({
+ *         type: 'LineString'
+ *       , coordinates: [[180.0, 11.0], [180, 9.0]]
+ *     })
+ *
+ *     query.where('path').intersects({
+ *         type: 'LineString'
+ *       , coordinates: [[180.0, 11.0], [180, 9.0]]
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [arg]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.intersects = function intersects() {
+  // opinionated, must be used after where
+  this._ensurePath('intersects');
+
+  this._geoComparison = '$geoIntersects';
+
+  if (0 === arguments.length) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  var area = arguments[0];
+
+  if (null != area && area.type && area.coordinates)
+    return this.geometry(area);
+
+  throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a `$geometry` condition
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     var polyA = [[[ 10, 20 ], [ 10, 40 ], [ 30, 40 ], [ 30, 20 ]]]
+ *     query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: polyA })
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     var polyB = [[ 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ]]
+ *     query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: polyB })
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     var polyC = [ 0, 0 ]
+ *     query.where('loc').within().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: polyC })
+ *
+ *     // or
+ *     query.where('loc').intersects().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: polyC })
+ *
+ * ####NOTE:
+ *
+ * `geometry()` **must** come after either `intersects()` or `within()`.
+ *
+ * The `object` argument must contain `type` and `coordinates` properties.
+ * - type {String}
+ * - coordinates {Array}
+ *
+ * The most recent path passed to `where()` is used.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object Must contain a `type` property which is a String and a `coordinates` property which is an Array. See the examples.
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/release-notes/2.4/#new-geospatial-indexes-with-geojson-and-improved-spherical-geometry
+ * @see http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
+ * @see $geometry http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/geometry/
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.geometry = function geometry() {
+  if (!('$within' == this._geoComparison ||
+        '$geoWithin' == this._geoComparison ||
+        '$near' == this._geoComparison ||
+        '$geoIntersects' == this._geoComparison)) {
+    throw new Error('geometry() must come after `within()`, `intersects()`, or `near()');
+  }
+
+  var val, path;
+
+  if (1 === arguments.length) {
+    this._ensurePath('geometry');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = arguments[0];
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  if (!(val.type && Array.isArray(val.coordinates))) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument');
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions[path] || (this._conditions[path] = {});
+  conds[this._geoComparison] = { $geometry: val };
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+// end spatial
+
+/**
+ * Specifies which document fields to include or exclude
+ *
+ * ####String syntax
+ *
+ * When passing a string, prefixing a path with `-` will flag that path as excluded. When a path does not have the `-` prefix, it is included.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // include a and b, exclude c
+ *     query.select('a b -c');
+ *
+ *     // or you may use object notation, useful when
+ *     // you have keys already prefixed with a "-"
+ *     query.select({a: 1, b: 1, c: 0});
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String} arg
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see SchemaType
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.select = function select() {
+  var arg = arguments[0];
+  if (!arg) return this;
+
+  if (arguments.length !== 1) {
+    throw new Error('Invalid select: select only takes 1 argument');
+  }
+
+  this._validate('select');
+
+  var fields = this._fields || (this._fields = {});
+  var type = typeof arg;
+  var i, len;
+
+  if (('string' == type || utils.isArgumentsObject(arg)) &&
+    'number' == typeof arg.length || Array.isArray(arg)) {
+    if ('string' == type)
+      arg = arg.split(/\s+/);
+
+    for (i = 0, len = arg.length; i < len; ++i) {
+      var field = arg[i];
+      if (!field) continue;
+      var include = '-' == field[0] ? 0 : 1;
+      if (include === 0) field = field.substring(1);
+      fields[field] = include;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (utils.isObject(arg)) {
+    var keys = utils.keys(arg);
+    for (i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+      fields[keys[i]] = arg[keys[i]];
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('Invalid select() argument. Must be string or object.');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a $slice condition for a `path`
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.slice('comments', 5)
+ *     query.slice('comments', -5)
+ *     query.slice('comments', [10, 5])
+ *     query.where('comments').slice(5)
+ *     query.where('comments').slice([-10, 5])
+ *
+ * @param {String} [path]
+ * @param {Number} val number/range of elements to slice
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Retrieving+a+Subset+of+Fields#RetrievingaSubsetofFields-RetrievingaSubrangeofArrayElements
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.slice = function() {
+  if (0 === arguments.length)
+    return this;
+
+  this._validate('slice');
+
+  var path, val;
+
+  if (1 === arguments.length) {
+    var arg = arguments[0];
+    if (typeof arg === 'object' && !Array.isArray(arg)) {
+      var keys = Object.keys(arg);
+      var numKeys = keys.length;
+      for (var i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+        this.slice(keys[i], arg[keys[i]]);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+    this._ensurePath('slice');
+    path = this._path;
+    val = arguments[0];
+  } else if (2 === arguments.length) {
+    if ('number' === typeof arguments[0]) {
+      this._ensurePath('slice');
+      path = this._path;
+      val = slice(arguments);
+    } else {
+      path = arguments[0];
+      val = arguments[1];
+    }
+  } else if (3 === arguments.length) {
+    path = arguments[0];
+    val = slice(arguments, 1);
+  }
+
+  var myFields = this._fields || (this._fields = {});
+  myFields[path] = { '$slice': val };
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the sort order
+ *
+ * If an object is passed, values allowed are 'asc', 'desc', 'ascending', 'descending', 1, and -1.
+ *
+ * If a string is passed, it must be a space delimited list of path names. The sort order of each path is ascending unless the path name is prefixed with `-` which will be treated as descending.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // these are equivalent
+ *     query.sort({ field: 'asc', test: -1 });
+ *     query.sort('field -test');
+ *     query.sort([['field', 1], ['test', -1]]);
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ *  - The array syntax `.sort([['field', 1], ['test', -1]])` can only be used with [mongodb driver >= 2.0.46](https://github.com/mongodb/node-mongodb-native/blob/2.1/HISTORY.md#2046-2015-10-15).
+ *  - Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object|String|Array} arg
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.sort = function(arg) {
+  if (!arg) return this;
+  var i, len, field;
+
+  this._validate('sort');
+
+  var type = typeof arg;
+
+  // .sort([['field', 1], ['test', -1]])
+  if (Array.isArray(arg)) {
+    len = arg.length;
+    for (i = 0; i < arg.length; ++i) {
+      if (!Array.isArray(arg[i])) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid sort() argument, must be array of arrays');
+      }
+      _pushArr(this.options, arg[i][0], arg[i][1]);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // .sort('field -test')
+  if (1 === arguments.length && 'string' == type) {
+    arg = arg.split(/\s+/);
+    len = arg.length;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      field = arg[i];
+      if (!field) continue;
+      var ascend = '-' == field[0] ? -1 : 1;
+      if (ascend === -1) field = field.substring(1);
+      push(this.options, field, ascend);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // .sort({ field: 1, test: -1 })
+  if (utils.isObject(arg)) {
+    var keys = utils.keys(arg);
+    for (i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+      field = keys[i];
+      push(this.options, field, arg[field]);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof Map !== 'undefined' && arg instanceof Map) {
+    _pushMap(this.options, arg);
+    return this;
+  }
+  throw new TypeError('Invalid sort() argument. Must be a string, object, or array.');
+};
+
+/*!
+ * @ignore
+ */
+
+var _validSortValue = {
+  '1': 1,
+  '-1': -1,
+  'asc': 1,
+  'ascending': 1,
+  'desc': -1,
+  'descending': -1
+};
+
+function push(opts, field, value) {
+  if (Array.isArray(opts.sort)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Can\'t mix sort syntaxes. Use either array or object:' +
+      '\n- `.sort([[\'field\', 1], [\'test\', -1]])`' +
+      '\n- `.sort({ field: 1, test: -1 })`');
+  }
+
+  var s;
+  if (value && value.$meta) {
+    s = opts.sort || (opts.sort = {});
+    s[field] = { $meta : value.$meta };
+    return;
+  }
+
+  s = opts.sort || (opts.sort = {});
+  var val = String(value || 1).toLowerCase();
+  val = _validSortValue[val];
+  if (!val) throw new TypeError('Invalid sort value: { ' + field + ': ' + value + ' }');
+
+  s[field] = val;
+}
+
+function _pushArr(opts, field, value) {
+  opts.sort = opts.sort || [];
+  if (!Array.isArray(opts.sort)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Can\'t mix sort syntaxes. Use either array or object:' +
+      '\n- `.sort([[\'field\', 1], [\'test\', -1]])`' +
+      '\n- `.sort({ field: 1, test: -1 })`');
+  }
+
+  var val = String(value || 1).toLowerCase();
+  val = _validSortValue[val];
+  if (!val) throw new TypeError('Invalid sort value: [ ' + field + ', ' + value + ' ]');
+
+  opts.sort.push([field, val]);
+}
+
+function _pushMap(opts, map) {
+  opts.sort = opts.sort || new Map();
+  if (!(opts.sort instanceof Map)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Can\'t mix sort syntaxes. Use either array or ' +
+      'object or map consistently');
+  }
+  map.forEach(function(value, key) {
+    var val = String(value || 1).toLowerCase();
+    val = _validSortValue[val];
+    if (!val) throw new TypeError('Invalid sort value: < ' + key + ': ' + value + ' >');
+
+    opts.sort.set(key, val);
+  });
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the limit option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.limit(20)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method limit
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Blimit%28%29%7D%7D
+ * @api public
+ */
+/**
+ * Specifies the skip option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.skip(100).limit(20)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method skip
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bskip%28%29%7D%7D
+ * @api public
+ */
+/**
+ * Specifies the maxScan option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.maxScan(100)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method maxScan
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24maxScan
+ * @api public
+ */
+/**
+ * Specifies the batchSize option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.batchSize(100)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method batchSize
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7BbatchSize%28%29%7D%7D
+ * @api public
+ */
+/**
+ * Specifies the `comment` option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.comment('login query')
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @method comment
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Number} val
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24comment
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * limit, skip, maxScan, batchSize, comment
+ *
+ * Sets these associated options.
+ *
+ *     query.comment('feed query');
+ */
+
+['limit', 'skip', 'maxScan', 'batchSize', 'comment'].forEach(function(method) {
+  Query.prototype[method] = function(v) {
+    this._validate(method);
+    this.options[method] = v;
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the maxTimeMS option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.maxTime(100)
+ *     query.maxTimeMS(100)
+ *
+ * @method maxTime
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/meta/maxTimeMS/#op._S_maxTimeMS
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.maxTime = Query.prototype.maxTimeMS = function(ms) {
+  this._validate('maxTime');
+  this.options.maxTimeMS = ms;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies this query as a `snapshot` query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mquery().snapshot() // true
+ *     mquery().snapshot(true)
+ *     mquery().snapshot(false)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%7B%7Bsnapshot%28%29%7D%7D
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.snapshot = function() {
+  this._validate('snapshot');
+
+  this.options.snapshot = arguments.length
+    ? !!arguments[0]
+    : true;
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets query hints.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.hint({ indexA: 1, indexB: -1});
+ *     query.hint('indexA_1_indexB_1');
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object|string} val a hint object or the index name
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries#AdvancedQueries-%24hint
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.hint = function() {
+  if (0 === arguments.length) return this;
+
+  this._validate('hint');
+
+  var arg = arguments[0];
+  if (utils.isObject(arg)) {
+    var hint = this.options.hint || (this.options.hint = {});
+
+    // must keep object keys in order so don't use Object.keys()
+    for (var k in arg) {
+      hint[k] = arg[k];
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+  if (typeof arg === 'string') {
+    this.options.hint = arg;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('Invalid hint. ' + arg);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Requests acknowledgement that this operation has been persisted to MongoDB's
+ * on-disk journal.
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to the `j` value if it is specified in writeConcern options
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mquery().w(2).j(true).wtimeout(2000);
+ *
+ * @method j
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {boolean} val
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#j-option
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.j = function j(val) {
+  this.options.j = val;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the slaveOk option. _Deprecated_ in MongoDB 2.2 in favor of read preferences.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     query.slaveOk() // true
+ *     query.slaveOk(true)
+ *     query.slaveOk(false)
+ *
+ * @deprecated use read() preferences instead if on mongodb >= 2.2
+ * @param {Boolean} v defaults to true
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference
+ * @see read()
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.slaveOk = function(v) {
+  this.options.slaveOk = arguments.length ? !!v : true;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the readPreference option for the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('primary')
+ *     new Query().read('p')  // same as primary
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('primaryPreferred')
+ *     new Query().read('pp') // same as primaryPreferred
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('secondary')
+ *     new Query().read('s')  // same as secondary
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('secondaryPreferred')
+ *     new Query().read('sp') // same as secondaryPreferred
+ *
+ *     new Query().read('nearest')
+ *     new Query().read('n')  // same as nearest
+ *
+ *     // you can also use mongodb.ReadPreference class to also specify tags
+ *     new Query().read(mongodb.ReadPreference('secondary', [{ dc:'sf', s: 1 },{ dc:'ma', s: 2 }]))
+ *
+ *     new Query().setReadPreference('primary') // alias of .read()
+ *
+ * ####Preferences:
+ *
+ *     primary - (default)  Read from primary only. Operations will produce an error if primary is unavailable. Cannot be combined with tags.
+ *     secondary            Read from secondary if available, otherwise error.
+ *     primaryPreferred     Read from primary if available, otherwise a secondary.
+ *     secondaryPreferred   Read from a secondary if available, otherwise read from the primary.
+ *     nearest              All operations read from among the nearest candidates, but unlike other modes, this option will include both the primary and all secondaries in the random selection.
+ *
+ * Aliases
+ *
+ *     p   primary
+ *     pp  primaryPreferred
+ *     s   secondary
+ *     sp  secondaryPreferred
+ *     n   nearest
+ *
+ * Read more about how to use read preferences [here](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference) and [here](http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/anintroductionto1_1and2_2.html#read-preferences).
+ *
+ * @param {String|ReadPreference} pref one of the listed preference options or their aliases
+ * @see mongodb http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference
+ * @see driver http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/anintroductionto1_1and2_2.html#read-preferences
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.read = Query.prototype.setReadPreference = function(pref) {
+  if (arguments.length > 1 && !Query.prototype.read.deprecationWarningIssued) {
+    console.error('Deprecation warning: \'tags\' argument is not supported anymore in Query.read() method. Please use mongodb.ReadPreference object instead.');
+    Query.prototype.read.deprecationWarningIssued = true;
+  }
+  this.options.readPreference = utils.readPref(pref);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the readConcern option for the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('local')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('l')  // same as local
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('available')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('a')  // same as available
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('majority')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('m')  // same as majority
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('linearizable')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('lz') // same as linearizable
+ *
+ *     new Query().readConcern('snapshot')
+ *     new Query().readConcern('s')  // same as snapshot
+ *
+ *     new Query().r('s') // r is alias of readConcern
+ *
+ *
+ * ####Read Concern Level:
+ *
+ *     local         MongoDB 3.2+ The query returns from the instance with no guarantee guarantee that the data has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back).
+ *     available     MongoDB 3.6+ The query returns from the instance with no guarantee guarantee that the data has been written to a majority of the replica set members (i.e. may be rolled back).
+ *     majority      MongoDB 3.2+ The query returns the data that has been acknowledged by a majority of the replica set members. The documents returned by the read operation are durable, even in the event of failure.
+ *     linearizable  MongoDB 3.4+ The query returns data that reflects all successful majority-acknowledged writes that completed prior to the start of the read operation. The query may wait for concurrently executing writes to propagate to a majority of replica set members before returning results.
+ *     snapshot      MongoDB 4.0+ Only available for operations within multi-document transactions. Upon transaction commit with write concern "majority", the transaction operations are guaranteed to have read from a snapshot of majority-committed data.
+
+
+ *
+ *
+ * Aliases
+ *
+ *     l   local
+ *     a   available
+ *     m   majority
+ *     lz  linearizable
+ *     s   snapshot
+ *
+ * Read more about how to use read concern [here](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/).
+ *
+ * @param {String} level one of the listed read concern level or their aliases
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.readConcern = Query.prototype.r = function(level) {
+  this.options.readConcern = utils.readConcern(level);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets tailable option.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.tailable() <== true
+ *     query.tailable(true)
+ *     query.tailable(false)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Cannot be used with `distinct()`
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} v defaults to true
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Tailable+Cursors
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.tailable = function() {
+  this._validate('tailable');
+
+  this.options.tailable = arguments.length
+    ? !!arguments[0]
+    : true;
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the specified number of `mongod` servers, or tag set of `mongod` servers,
+ * that must acknowledge this write before this write is considered successful.
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to the `w` value if it is specified in writeConcern options
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ * mquery().writeConcern(0)
+ * mquery().writeConcern(1)
+ * mquery().writeConcern({ w: 1, j: true, wtimeout: 2000 })
+ * mquery().writeConcern('majority')
+ * mquery().writeConcern('m') // same as majority
+ * mquery().writeConcern('tagSetName') // if the tag set is 'm', use .writeConcern({ w: 'm' }) instead
+ * mquery().w(1) // w is alias of writeConcern
+ *
+ * @method writeConcern
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {String|number|object} concern 0 for fire-and-forget, 1 for acknowledged by one server, 'majority' for majority of the replica set, or [any of the more advanced options](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#w-option).
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#w-option
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.writeConcern = Query.prototype.w = function writeConcern(concern) {
+  if ('object' === typeof concern) {
+    if ('undefined' !== typeof concern.j) this.options.j = concern.j;
+    if ('undefined' !== typeof concern.w) this.options.w = concern.w;
+    if ('undefined' !== typeof concern.wtimeout) this.options.wtimeout = concern.wtimeout;
+  } else {
+    this.options.w = 'm' === concern ? 'majority' : concern;
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies a time limit, in milliseconds, for the write concern.
+ * If `ms > 1`, it is maximum amount of time to wait for this write
+ * to propagate through the replica set before this operation fails.
+ * The default is `0`, which means no timeout.
+ *
+ * This option is only valid for operations that write to the database:
+ *
+ * - `deleteOne()`
+ * - `deleteMany()`
+ * - `findOneAndDelete()`
+ * - `findOneAndUpdate()`
+ * - `remove()`
+ * - `update()`
+ * - `updateOne()`
+ * - `updateMany()`
+ *
+ * Defaults to `wtimeout` value if it is specified in writeConcern
+ *
+ * ####Example:
+ *
+ *     mquery().w(2).j(true).wtimeout(2000)
+ *
+ * @method wtimeout
+ * @memberOf Query
+ * @instance
+ * @param {number} ms number of milliseconds to wait
+ * @see mongodb https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/write-concern/#wtimeout
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.wtimeout = Query.prototype.wTimeout = function wtimeout(ms) {
+  this.options.wtimeout = ms;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merges another Query or conditions object into this one.
+ *
+ * When a Query is passed, conditions, field selection and options are merged.
+ *
+ * @param {Query|Object} source
+ * @return {Query} this
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.merge = function(source) {
+  if (!source)
+    return this;
+
+  if (!Query.canMerge(source))
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid argument. Expected instanceof mquery or plain object');
+
+  if (source instanceof Query) {
+    // if source has a feature, apply it to ourselves
+
+    if (source._conditions) {
+      utils.merge(this._conditions, source._conditions);
+    }
+
+    if (source._fields) {
+      this._fields || (this._fields = {});
+      utils.merge(this._fields, source._fields);
+    }
+
+    if (source.options) {
+      this.options || (this.options = {});
+      utils.merge(this.options, source.options);
+    }
+
+    if (source._update) {
+      this._update || (this._update = {});
+      utils.mergeClone(this._update, source._update);
+    }
+
+    if (source._distinct) {
+      this._distinct = source._distinct;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // plain object
+  utils.merge(this._conditions, source);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finds documents.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.find()
+ *     query.find(callback)
+ *     query.find({ name: 'Burning Lights' }, callback)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.find = function(criteria, callback) {
+  this.op = 'find';
+
+  if ('function' === typeof criteria) {
+    callback = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  } else if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) return this;
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  if (this.$useProjection) {
+    options.projection = this._fieldsForExec();
+  } else {
+    options.fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+  }
+
+  debug('find', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('find', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.find(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the query cursor
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     query.find().cursor();
+ *     query.cursor({ name: 'Burning Lights' });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @return {Object} cursor
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.cursor = function cursor(criteria) {
+  if (this.op) {
+    if (this.op !== 'find') {
+      throw new TypeError('.cursor only support .find method');
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.find(criteria);
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  if (this.$useProjection) {
+    options.projection = this._fieldsForExec();
+  } else {
+    options.fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+  }
+
+  debug('findCursor', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  return this._collection.findCursor(conds, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query as a findOne() operation.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.findOne().where('name', /^Burning/);
+ *
+ *     query.findOne({ name: /^Burning/ })
+ *
+ *     query.findOne({ name: /^Burning/ }, callback); // executes
+ *
+ *     query.findOne(function (err, doc) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *       if (doc) {
+ *         // doc may be null if no document matched
+ *
+ *       }
+ *     });
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOne = function(criteria, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOne';
+
+  if ('function' === typeof criteria) {
+    callback = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  } else if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) return this;
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  if (this.$useProjection) {
+    options.projection = this._fieldsForExec();
+  } else {
+    options.fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+  }
+
+  debug('findOne', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('findOne', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.findOne(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Exectues the query as a count() operation.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     query.count().where('color', 'black').exec(callback);
+ *
+ *     query.count({ color: 'black' }).count(callback)
+ *
+ *     query.count({ color: 'black' }, callback)
+ *
+ *     query.where('color', 'black').count(function (err, count) {
+ *       if (err) return handleError(err);
+ *       console.log('there are %d kittens', count);
+ *     })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Aggregation#Aggregation-Count
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.count = function(criteria, callback) {
+  this.op = 'count';
+  this._validate();
+
+  if ('function' === typeof criteria) {
+    callback = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  } else if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) return this;
+
+  var conds = this._conditions,
+      options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  debug('count', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('count', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.count(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares or executes a distinct() operation.
+ *
+ * Passing a `callback` executes the query.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     distinct(criteria, field, fn)
+ *     distinct(criteria, field)
+ *     distinct(field, fn)
+ *     distinct(field)
+ *     distinct(fn)
+ *     distinct()
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [criteria]
+ * @param {String} [field]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Aggregation#Aggregation-Distinct
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.distinct = function(criteria, field, callback) {
+  this.op = 'distinct';
+  this._validate();
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    switch (typeof field) {
+      case 'function':
+        callback = field;
+        if ('string' == typeof criteria) {
+          field = criteria;
+          criteria = undefined;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'undefined':
+      case 'string':
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new TypeError('Invalid `field` argument. Must be string or function');
+    }
+
+    switch (typeof criteria) {
+      case 'function':
+        callback = criteria;
+        criteria = field = undefined;
+        break;
+      case 'string':
+        field = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ('string' == typeof field) {
+    this._distinct = field;
+  }
+
+  if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  if (!callback) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (!this._distinct) {
+    throw new Error('No value for `distinct` has been declared');
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions,
+      options = this._optionsForExec();
+
+  debug('distinct', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('distinct', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.distinct(this._distinct, conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an update() operation. By default,
+ * `update()` only modifies the _first_ document that matches `criteria`.
+ *
+ * _All paths passed that are not $atomic operations will become $set ops._
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mquery({ _id: id }).update({ title: 'words' }, ...)
+ *
+ * becomes
+ *
+ *     collection.update({ _id: id }, { $set: { title: 'words' }}, ...)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * Passing an empty object `{}` as the doc will result in a no-op unless the `overwrite` option is passed. Without the `overwrite` option set, the update operation will be ignored and the callback executed without sending the command to MongoDB so as to prevent accidently overwritting documents in the collection.
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * The operation is only executed when a callback is passed. To force execution without a callback (which would be an unsafe write), we must first call update() and then execute it by using the `exec()` method.
+ *
+ *     var q = mquery(collection).where({ _id: id });
+ *     q.update({ $set: { name: 'bob' }}).update(); // not executed
+ *
+ *     var q = mquery(collection).where({ _id: id });
+ *     q.update({ $set: { name: 'bob' }}).exec(); // executed as unsafe
+ *
+ *     // keys that are not $atomic ops become $set.
+ *     // this executes the same command as the previous example.
+ *     q.update({ name: 'bob' }).where({ _id: id }).exec();
+ *
+ *     var q = mquery(collection).update(); // not executed
+ *
+ *     // overwriting with empty docs
+ *     var q.where({ _id: id }).setOptions({ overwrite: true })
+ *     q.update({ }, callback); // executes
+ *
+ *     // multi update with overwrite to empty doc
+ *     var q = mquery(collection).where({ _id: id });
+ *     q.setOptions({ multi: true, overwrite: true })
+ *     q.update({ });
+ *     q.update(callback); // executed
+ *
+ *     // multi updates
+ *     mquery()
+ *       .collection(coll)
+ *       .update({ name: /^match/ }, { $set: { arr: [] }}, { multi: true }, callback)
+ *     // more multi updates
+ *     mquery({ })
+ *       .collection(coll)
+ *       .setOptions({ multi: true })
+ *       .update({ $set: { arr: [] }}, callback)
+ *
+ *     // single update by default
+ *     mquery({ email: 'address@example.com' })
+ *      .collection(coll)
+ *      .update({ $inc: { counter: 1 }}, callback)
+ *
+ *     // summary
+ *     update(criteria, doc, opts, cb) // executes
+ *     update(criteria, doc, opts)
+ *     update(criteria, doc, cb) // executes
+ *     update(criteria, doc)
+ *     update(doc, cb) // executes
+ *     update(doc)
+ *     update(cb) // executes
+ *     update(true) // executes (unsafe write)
+ *     update()
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria]
+ * @param {Object} [doc] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.update = function update(criteria, doc, options, callback) {
+  var force;
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if ('function' == typeof options) {
+        callback = options;
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if ('function' == typeof doc) {
+        callback = doc;
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      switch (typeof criteria) {
+        case 'function':
+          callback = criteria;
+          criteria = options = doc = undefined;
+          break;
+        case 'boolean':
+          // execution with no callback (unsafe write)
+          force = criteria;
+          criteria = undefined;
+          break;
+        default:
+          doc = criteria;
+          criteria = options = undefined;
+          break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'update', criteria, doc, options, force, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an `updateMany()` operation. Identical
+ * to `update()` except `updateMany()` will update _all_ documents that match
+ * `criteria`, rather than just the first one.
+ *
+ * _All paths passed that are not $atomic operations will become $set ops._
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Update every document whose `title` contains 'test'
+ *     mquery().updateMany({ title: /test/ }, { year: 2017 })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria]
+ * @param {Object} [doc] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.updateMany = function updateMany(criteria, doc, options, callback) {
+  var force;
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if ('function' == typeof options) {
+        callback = options;
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if ('function' == typeof doc) {
+        callback = doc;
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      switch (typeof criteria) {
+        case 'function':
+          callback = criteria;
+          criteria = options = doc = undefined;
+          break;
+        case 'boolean':
+          // execution with no callback (unsafe write)
+          force = criteria;
+          criteria = undefined;
+          break;
+        default:
+          doc = criteria;
+          criteria = options = undefined;
+          break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'updateMany', criteria, doc, options, force, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an `updateOne()` operation. Identical
+ * to `update()` except `updateOne()` will _always_ update just one document,
+ * regardless of the `multi` option.
+ *
+ * _All paths passed that are not $atomic operations will become $set ops._
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Update the first document whose `title` contains 'test'
+ *     mquery().updateMany({ title: /test/ }, { year: 2017 })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria]
+ * @param {Object} [doc] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.updateOne = function updateOne(criteria, doc, options, callback) {
+  var force;
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if ('function' == typeof options) {
+        callback = options;
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if ('function' == typeof doc) {
+        callback = doc;
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      switch (typeof criteria) {
+        case 'function':
+          callback = criteria;
+          criteria = options = doc = undefined;
+          break;
+        case 'boolean':
+          // execution with no callback (unsafe write)
+          force = criteria;
+          criteria = undefined;
+          break;
+        default:
+          doc = criteria;
+          criteria = options = undefined;
+          break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  return _update(this, 'updateOne', criteria, doc, options, force, callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as an `replaceOne()` operation. Similar
+ * to `updateOne()`, except `replaceOne()` is not allowed to use atomic
+ * modifiers (`$set`, `$push`, etc.). Calling `replaceOne()` will always
+ * replace the existing doc.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     // Replace the document with `_id` 1 with `{ _id: 1, year: 2017 }`
+ *     mquery().replaceOne({ _id: 1 }, { year: 2017 })
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [criteria]
+ * @param {Object} [doc] the update command
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.replaceOne = function replaceOne(criteria, doc, options, callback) {
+  var force;
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if ('function' == typeof options) {
+        callback = options;
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if ('function' == typeof doc) {
+        callback = doc;
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      switch (typeof criteria) {
+        case 'function':
+          callback = criteria;
+          criteria = options = doc = undefined;
+          break;
+        case 'boolean':
+          // execution with no callback (unsafe write)
+          force = criteria;
+          criteria = undefined;
+          break;
+        default:
+          doc = criteria;
+          criteria = options = undefined;
+          break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  this.setOptions({ overwrite: true });
+  return _update(this, 'replaceOne', criteria, doc, options, force, callback);
+};
+
+
+/*!
+ * Internal helper for update, updateMany, updateOne
+ */
+
+function _update(query, op, criteria, doc, options, force, callback) {
+  query.op = op;
+
+  if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    query.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  if (doc) {
+    query._mergeUpdate(doc);
+  }
+
+  if (utils.isObject(options)) {
+    // { overwrite: true }
+    query.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  // we are done if we don't have callback and they are
+  // not forcing an unsafe write.
+  if (!(force || callback)) {
+    return query;
+  }
+
+  if (!query._update ||
+      !query.options.overwrite && 0 === utils.keys(query._update).length) {
+    callback && utils.soon(callback.bind(null, null, 0));
+    return query;
+  }
+
+  options = query._optionsForExec();
+  if (!callback) options.safe = false;
+
+  criteria = query._conditions;
+  doc = query._updateForExec();
+
+  debug('update', query._collection.collectionName, criteria, doc, options);
+  callback = query._wrapCallback(op, callback, {
+    conditions: criteria,
+    doc: doc,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  query._collection[op](criteria, doc, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return query;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a remove() operation.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mquery(collection).remove({ artist: 'Anne Murray' }, callback)
+ *
+ * ####Note
+ *
+ * The operation is only executed when a callback is passed. To force execution without a callback (which would be an unsafe write), we must first call remove() and then execute it by using the `exec()` method.
+ *
+ *     // not executed
+ *     var query = mquery(collection).remove({ name: 'Anne Murray' })
+ *
+ *     // executed
+ *     mquery(collection).remove({ name: 'Anne Murray' }, callback)
+ *     mquery(collection).remove({ name: 'Anne Murray' }).remove(callback)
+ *
+ *     // executed without a callback (unsafe write)
+ *     query.exec()
+ *
+ *     // summary
+ *     query.remove(conds, fn); // executes
+ *     query.remove(conds)
+ *     query.remove(fn) // executes
+ *     query.remove()
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.remove = function(criteria, callback) {
+  this.op = 'remove';
+  var force;
+
+  if ('function' === typeof criteria) {
+    callback = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  } else if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  } else if (true === criteria) {
+    force = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (!(force || callback))
+    return this;
+
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+  if (!callback) options.safe = false;
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+
+  debug('remove', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('remove', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.remove(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a `deleteOne()` operation. Behaves like
+ * `remove()`, except for ignores the `justOne` option and always deletes at
+ * most one document.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mquery(collection).deleteOne({ artist: 'Anne Murray' }, callback)
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.deleteOne = function(criteria, callback) {
+  this.op = 'deleteOne';
+  var force;
+
+  if ('function' === typeof criteria) {
+    callback = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  } else if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  } else if (true === criteria) {
+    force = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (!(force || callback))
+    return this;
+
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+  if (!callback) options.safe = false;
+  delete options.justOne;
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+
+  debug('deleteOne', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('deleteOne', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.deleteOne(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declare and/or execute this query as a `deleteMany()` operation. Behaves like
+ * `remove()`, except for ignores the `justOne` option and always deletes
+ * _every_ document that matches `criteria`.
+ *
+ * ####Example
+ *
+ *     mquery(collection).deleteMany({ artist: 'Anne Murray' }, callback)
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [criteria] mongodb selector
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.deleteMany = function(criteria, callback) {
+  this.op = 'deleteMany';
+  var force;
+
+  if ('function' === typeof criteria) {
+    callback = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  } else if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  } else if (true === criteria) {
+    force = criteria;
+    criteria = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (!(force || callback))
+    return this;
+
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+  if (!callback) options.safe = false;
+  delete options.justOne;
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+
+  debug('deleteOne', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('deleteOne', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.deleteMany(conds, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issues a mongodb [findAndModify](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command) update command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, updates it according to the `update` arg, passing any `options`, and returns the found document (if any) to the callback. The query executes immediately if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * ####Available options
+ *
+ * - `new`: bool - true to return the modified document rather than the original. defaults to true
+ * - `upsert`: bool - creates the object if it doesn't exist. defaults to false.
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options, callback) // executes
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, options)  // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update, callback) // executes
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(conditions, update)           // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(update, callback)             // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(update)                       // returns Query
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate(callback)                     // executes
+ *     query.findOneAndUpdate()                             // returns Query
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Query} [query]
+ * @param {Object} [doc]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOneAndUpdate = function(criteria, doc, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOneAndUpdate';
+  this._validate();
+
+  switch (arguments.length) {
+    case 3:
+      if ('function' == typeof options) {
+        callback = options;
+        options = {};
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if ('function' == typeof doc) {
+        callback = doc;
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = undefined;
+      }
+      options = undefined;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if ('function' == typeof criteria) {
+        callback = criteria;
+        criteria = options = doc = undefined;
+      } else {
+        doc = criteria;
+        criteria = options = undefined;
+      }
+  }
+
+  if (Query.canMerge(criteria)) {
+    this.merge(criteria);
+  }
+
+  // apply doc
+  if (doc) {
+    this._mergeUpdate(doc);
+  }
+
+  options && this.setOptions(options);
+
+  if (!callback) return this;
+  return this._findAndModify('update', callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Issues a mongodb [findAndModify](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command) remove command.
+ *
+ * Finds a matching document, removes it, passing the found document (if any) to the callback. Executes immediately if `callback` is passed.
+ *
+ * ####Available options
+ *
+ * - `sort`: if multiple docs are found by the conditions, sets the sort order to choose which doc to update
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions, options, callback) // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions, options)  // return Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions, callback) // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(conditions) // returns Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove(callback)   // executes
+ *     A.where().findOneAndRemove()           // returns Query
+ *     A.where().findOneAndDelete()           // alias of .findOneAndRemove()
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [conditions]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @see mongodb http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.findOneAndRemove = Query.prototype.findOneAndDelete = function(conditions, options, callback) {
+  this.op = 'findOneAndRemove';
+  this._validate();
+
+  if ('function' == typeof options) {
+    callback = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  } else if ('function' == typeof conditions) {
+    callback = conditions;
+    conditions = undefined;
+  }
+
+  // apply conditions
+  if (Query.canMerge(conditions)) {
+    this.merge(conditions);
+  }
+
+  // apply options
+  options && this.setOptions(options);
+
+  if (!callback) return this;
+
+  return this._findAndModify('remove', callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * _findAndModify
+ *
+ * @param {String} type - either "remove" or "update"
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._findAndModify = function(type, callback) {
+  assert.equal('function', typeof callback);
+
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+  var fields;
+  var doc;
+
+  if ('remove' == type) {
+    options.remove = true;
+  } else {
+    if (!('new' in options)) options.new = true;
+    if (!('upsert' in options)) options.upsert = false;
+
+    doc = this._updateForExec();
+    if (!doc) {
+      if (options.upsert) {
+        // still need to do the upsert to empty doc
+        doc = { $set: {} };
+      } else {
+        return this.findOne(callback);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+  if (fields != null) {
+    if (this.$useProjection) {
+      options.projection = this._fieldsForExec();
+    } else {
+      options.fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+    }
+  }
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+
+  debug('findAndModify', this._collection.collectionName, conds, doc, options);
+  callback = this._wrapCallback('findAndModify', callback, {
+    conditions: conds,
+    doc: doc,
+    options: options
+  });
+
+  this._collection.findAndModify(conds, doc, options, utils.tick(callback));
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrap callback to add tracing
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @param {Object} [queryInfo]
+ * @api private
+ */
+Query.prototype._wrapCallback = function(method, callback, queryInfo) {
+  var traceFunction = this._traceFunction || Query.traceFunction;
+
+  if (traceFunction) {
+    queryInfo.collectionName = this._collection.collectionName;
+
+    var traceCallback = traceFunction &&
+      traceFunction.call(null, method, queryInfo, this);
+
+    var startTime = new Date().getTime();
+
+    return function wrapperCallback(err, result) {
+      if (traceCallback) {
+        var millis = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
+        traceCallback.call(null, err, result, millis);
+      }
+
+      if (callback) {
+        callback.apply(null, arguments);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  return callback;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add trace function that gets called when the query is executed.
+ * The function will be called with (method, queryInfo, query) and
+ * should return a callback function which will be called
+ * with (err, result, millis) when the query is complete.
+ *
+ * queryInfo is an object containing: {
+ *   collectionName: <name of the collection>,
+ *   conditions: <query criteria>,
+ *   options: <comment, fields, readPreference, etc>,
+ *   doc: [document to update, if applicable]
+ * }
+ *
+ * NOTE: Does not trace stream queries.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} traceFunction
+ * @return {Query} this
+ * @api public
+ */
+Query.prototype.setTraceFunction = function(traceFunction) {
+  this._traceFunction = traceFunction;
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query
+ *
+ * ####Examples
+ *
+ *     query.exec();
+ *     query.exec(callback);
+ *     query.exec('update');
+ *     query.exec('find', callback);
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} [operation]
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.exec = function exec(op, callback) {
+  switch (typeof op) {
+    case 'function':
+      callback = op;
+      op = null;
+      break;
+    case 'string':
+      this.op = op;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  assert.ok(this.op, 'Missing query type: (find, update, etc)');
+
+  if ('update' == this.op || 'remove' == this.op) {
+    callback || (callback = true);
+  }
+
+  var _this = this;
+
+  if ('function' == typeof callback) {
+    this[this.op](callback);
+  } else {
+    return new Query.Promise(function(success, error) {
+      _this[_this.op](function(err, val) {
+        if (err) error(err);
+        else success(val);
+        success = error = null;
+      });
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a thunk which when called runs this.exec()
+ *
+ * The thunk receives a callback function which will be
+ * passed to `this.exec()`
+ *
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.thunk = function() {
+  var _this = this;
+  return function(cb) {
+    _this.exec(cb);
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Executes the query returning a `Promise` which will be
+ * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [resolve]
+ * @param {Function} [reject]
+ * @return {Promise}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.then = function(resolve, reject) {
+  var _this = this;
+  var promise = new Query.Promise(function(success, error) {
+    _this.exec(function(err, val) {
+      if (err) error(err);
+      else success(val);
+      success = error = null;
+    });
+  });
+  return promise.then(resolve, reject);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a stream for the given find query.
+ *
+ * @throws Error if operation is not a find
+ * @returns {Stream} Node 0.8 style
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.stream = function(streamOptions) {
+  if ('find' != this.op)
+    throw new Error('stream() is only available for find');
+
+  var conds = this._conditions;
+
+  var options = this._optionsForExec();
+  if (this.$useProjection) {
+    options.projection = this._fieldsForExec();
+  } else {
+    options.fields = this._fieldsForExec();
+  }
+
+  debug('stream', this._collection.collectionName, conds, options, streamOptions);
+
+  return this._collection.findStream(conds, options, streamOptions);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if field selection has been made.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.selected = function selected() {
+  return !!(this._fields && Object.keys(this._fields).length > 0);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if inclusive field selection has been made.
+ *
+ *     query.selectedInclusively() // false
+ *     query.select('name')
+ *     query.selectedInclusively() // true
+ *     query.selectedExlusively() // false
+ *
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.selectedInclusively = function selectedInclusively() {
+  if (!this._fields) return false;
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(this._fields);
+  if (0 === keys.length) return false;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+    var key = keys[i];
+    if (0 === this._fields[key]) return false;
+    if (this._fields[key] &&
+        typeof this._fields[key] === 'object' &&
+        this._fields[key].$meta) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if exclusive field selection has been made.
+ *
+ *     query.selectedExlusively() // false
+ *     query.select('-name')
+ *     query.selectedExlusively() // true
+ *     query.selectedInclusively() // false
+ *
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ */
+
+Query.prototype.selectedExclusively = function selectedExclusively() {
+  if (!this._fields) return false;
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(this._fields);
+  if (0 === keys.length) return false;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+    var key = keys[i];
+    if (0 === this._fields[key]) return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merges `doc` with the current update object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} doc
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._mergeUpdate = function(doc) {
+  if (!this._update) this._update = {};
+  if (doc instanceof Query) {
+    if (doc._update) {
+      utils.mergeClone(this._update, doc._update);
+    }
+  } else {
+    utils.mergeClone(this._update, doc);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns default options.
+ *
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._optionsForExec = function() {
+  var options = utils.clone(this.options);
+  return options;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns fields selection for this query.
+ *
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._fieldsForExec = function() {
+  return utils.clone(this._fields);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return an update document with corrected $set operations.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._updateForExec = function() {
+  var update = utils.clone(this._update),
+      ops = utils.keys(update),
+      i = ops.length,
+      ret = {};
+
+  while (i--) {
+    var op = ops[i];
+
+    if (this.options.overwrite) {
+      ret[op] = update[op];
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if ('$' !== op[0]) {
+      // fix up $set sugar
+      if (!ret.$set) {
+        if (update.$set) {
+          ret.$set = update.$set;
+        } else {
+          ret.$set = {};
+        }
+      }
+      ret.$set[op] = update[op];
+      ops.splice(i, 1);
+      if (!~ops.indexOf('$set')) ops.push('$set');
+    } else if ('$set' === op) {
+      if (!ret.$set) {
+        ret[op] = update[op];
+      }
+    } else {
+      ret[op] = update[op];
+    }
+  }
+
+  this._compiledUpdate = ret;
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Make sure _path is set.
+ *
+ * @parmam {String} method
+ */
+
+Query.prototype._ensurePath = function(method) {
+  if (!this._path) {
+    var msg = method + '() must be used after where() '
+                     + 'when called with these arguments';
+    throw new Error(msg);
+  }
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Permissions
+ */
+
+Query.permissions = require('./permissions');
+
+Query._isPermitted = function(a, b) {
+  var denied = Query.permissions[b];
+  if (!denied) return true;
+  return true !== denied[a];
+};
+
+Query.prototype._validate = function(action) {
+  var fail;
+  var validator;
+
+  if (undefined === action) {
+
+    validator = Query.permissions[this.op];
+    if ('function' != typeof validator) return true;
+
+    fail = validator(this);
+
+  } else if (!Query._isPermitted(action, this.op)) {
+    fail = action;
+  }
+
+  if (fail) {
+    throw new Error(fail + ' cannot be used with ' + this.op);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if `conds` can be merged using `mquery().merge()`
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conds
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+Query.canMerge = function(conds) {
+  return conds instanceof Query || utils.isObject(conds);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Set a trace function that will get called whenever a
+ * query is executed.
+ *
+ * See `setTraceFunction()` for details.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} conds
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+Query.setGlobalTraceFunction = function(traceFunction) {
+  Query.traceFunction = traceFunction;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Exports.
+ */
+
+Query.utils = utils;
+Query.env = require('./env');
+Query.Collection = require('./collection');
+Query.BaseCollection = require('./collection/collection');
+Query.Promise = require('bluebird');
+module.exports = exports = Query;
+
+// TODO
+// test utils
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/permissions.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/permissions.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c306f3a47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/permissions.js
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var denied = exports;
+
+denied.distinct = function(self) {
+  if (self._fields && Object.keys(self._fields).length > 0) {
+    return 'field selection and slice';
+  }
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(denied.distinct);
+  var err;
+
+  keys.every(function(option) {
+    if (self.options[option]) {
+      err = option;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+
+  return err;
+};
+denied.distinct.select =
+denied.distinct.slice =
+denied.distinct.sort =
+denied.distinct.limit =
+denied.distinct.skip =
+denied.distinct.batchSize =
+denied.distinct.comment =
+denied.distinct.maxScan =
+denied.distinct.snapshot =
+denied.distinct.hint =
+denied.distinct.tailable = true;
+
+
+// aggregation integration
+
+
+denied.findOneAndUpdate =
+denied.findOneAndRemove = function(self) {
+  var keys = Object.keys(denied.findOneAndUpdate);
+  var err;
+
+  keys.every(function(option) {
+    if (self.options[option]) {
+      err = option;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+
+  return err;
+};
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.limit =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.skip =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.batchSize =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.maxScan =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.snapshot =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.hint =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.tailable =
+denied.findOneAndUpdate.comment = true;
+
+
+denied.count = function(self) {
+  if (self._fields && Object.keys(self._fields).length > 0) {
+    return 'field selection and slice';
+  }
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(denied.count);
+  var err;
+
+  keys.every(function(option) {
+    if (self.options[option]) {
+      err = option;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+
+  return err;
+};
+
+denied.count.slice =
+denied.count.batchSize =
+denied.count.comment =
+denied.count.maxScan =
+denied.count.snapshot =
+denied.count.tailable = true;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1af87cbda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*!
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var RegExpClone = require('regexp-clone');
+
+var specialProperties = ['__proto__', 'constructor', 'prototype'];
+
+/**
+ * Clones objects
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj the object to clone
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Object} the cloned object
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var clone = exports.clone = function clone(obj, options) {
+  if (obj === undefined || obj === null)
+    return obj;
+
+  if (Array.isArray(obj))
+    return exports.cloneArray(obj, options);
+
+  if (obj.constructor) {
+    if (/ObjectI[dD]$/.test(obj.constructor.name)) {
+      return 'function' == typeof obj.clone
+        ? obj.clone()
+        : new obj.constructor(obj.id);
+    }
+
+    if (obj.constructor.name === 'ReadPreference') {
+      return new obj.constructor(obj.mode, clone(obj.tags, options));
+    }
+
+    if ('Binary' == obj._bsontype && obj.buffer && obj.value) {
+      return 'function' == typeof obj.clone
+        ? obj.clone()
+        : new obj.constructor(obj.value(true), obj.sub_type);
+    }
+
+    if ('Date' === obj.constructor.name || 'Function' === obj.constructor.name)
+      return new obj.constructor(+obj);
+
+    if ('RegExp' === obj.constructor.name)
+      return RegExpClone(obj);
+
+    if ('Buffer' === obj.constructor.name)
+      return exports.cloneBuffer(obj);
+  }
+
+  if (isObject(obj))
+    return exports.cloneObject(obj, options);
+
+  if (obj.valueOf)
+    return obj.valueOf();
+};
+
+/*!
+ * ignore
+ */
+
+exports.cloneObject = function cloneObject(obj, options) {
+  var minimize = options && options.minimize;
+  var ret = {};
+  var hasKeys;
+  var val;
+
+  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) {
+    // Not technically prototype pollution because this wouldn't merge properties
+    // onto `Object.prototype`, but avoid properties like __proto__ as a precaution.
+    if (specialProperties.indexOf(k) !== -1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    val = clone(obj[k], options);
+
+    if (!minimize || ('undefined' !== typeof val)) {
+      hasKeys || (hasKeys = true);
+      ret[k] = val;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return minimize
+    ? hasKeys && ret
+    : ret;
+};
+
+exports.cloneArray = function cloneArray(arr, options) {
+  var ret = [];
+  for (var i = 0, l = arr.length; i < l; i++)
+    ret.push(clone(arr[i], options));
+  return ret;
+};
+
+/**
+ * process.nextTick helper.
+ *
+ * Wraps the given `callback` in a try/catch. If an error is
+ * caught it will be thrown on nextTick.
+ *
+ * node-mongodb-native had a habit of state corruption when
+ * an error was immediately thrown from within a collection
+ * method (find, update, etc) callback.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} [callback]
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.tick = function tick(callback) {
+  if ('function' !== typeof callback) return;
+  return function() {
+    // callbacks should always be fired on the next
+    // turn of the event loop. A side benefit is
+    // errors thrown from executing the callback
+    // will not cause drivers state to be corrupted
+    // which has historically been a problem.
+    var args = arguments;
+    soon(function() {
+      callback.apply(this, args);
+    });
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merges `from` into `to` without overwriting existing properties.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} to
+ * @param {Object} from
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.merge = function merge(to, from) {
+  var keys = Object.keys(from),
+      i = keys.length,
+      key;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (specialProperties.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if ('undefined' === typeof to[key]) {
+      to[key] = from[key];
+    } else {
+      if (exports.isObject(from[key])) {
+        merge(to[key], from[key]);
+      } else {
+        to[key] = from[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Same as merge but clones the assigned values.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} to
+ * @param {Object} from
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.mergeClone = function mergeClone(to, from) {
+  var keys = Object.keys(from),
+      i = keys.length,
+      key;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (specialProperties.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if ('undefined' === typeof to[key]) {
+      to[key] = clone(from[key]);
+    } else {
+      if (exports.isObject(from[key])) {
+        mergeClone(to[key], from[key]);
+      } else {
+        to[key] = clone(from[key]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Read pref helper (mongo 2.2 drivers support this)
+ *
+ * Allows using aliases instead of full preference names:
+ *
+ *     p   primary
+ *     pp  primaryPreferred
+ *     s   secondary
+ *     sp  secondaryPreferred
+ *     n   nearest
+ *
+ * @param {String} pref
+ */
+
+exports.readPref = function readPref(pref) {
+  switch (pref) {
+    case 'p':
+      pref = 'primary';
+      break;
+    case 'pp':
+      pref = 'primaryPreferred';
+      break;
+    case 's':
+      pref = 'secondary';
+      break;
+    case 'sp':
+      pref = 'secondaryPreferred';
+      break;
+    case 'n':
+      pref = 'nearest';
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return pref;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Read Concern helper (mongo 3.2 drivers support this)
+ *
+ * Allows using string to specify read concern level:
+ *
+ *     local          3.2+
+ *     available      3.6+
+ *     majority       3.2+
+ *     linearizable   3.4+
+ *     snapshot       4.0+
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} concern
+ */
+
+exports.readConcern = function readConcern(concern) {
+  if ('string' === typeof concern) {
+    switch (concern) {
+      case 'l':
+        concern = 'local';
+        break;
+      case 'a':
+        concern = 'available';
+        break;
+      case 'm':
+        concern = 'majority';
+        break;
+      case 'lz':
+        concern = 'linearizable';
+        break;
+      case 's':
+        concern = 'snapshot';
+        break;
+    }
+    concern = { level: concern };
+  }
+  return concern;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Object.prototype.toString.call helper
+ */
+
+var _toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+exports.toString = function(arg) {
+  return _toString.call(arg);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if `arg` is an object.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|String|Function|RegExp|any} arg
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+var isObject = exports.isObject = function(arg) {
+  return '[object Object]' == exports.toString(arg);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if `arg` is an array.
+ *
+ * @param {Object}
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @see nodejs utils
+ */
+
+exports.isArray = function(arg) {
+  return Array.isArray(arg) ||
+    'object' == typeof arg && '[object Array]' == exports.toString(arg);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Object.keys helper
+ */
+
+exports.keys = Object.keys;
+
+/**
+ * Basic Object.create polyfill.
+ * Only one argument is supported.
+ *
+ * Based on https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/create
+ */
+
+exports.create = 'function' == typeof Object.create
+  ? Object.create
+  : create;
+
+function create(proto) {
+  if (arguments.length > 1) {
+    throw new Error('Adding properties is not supported');
+  }
+
+  function F() {}
+  F.prototype = proto;
+  return new F;
+}
+
+/**
+ * inheritance
+ */
+
+exports.inherits = function(ctor, superCtor) {
+  ctor.prototype = exports.create(superCtor.prototype);
+  ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor;
+};
+
+/**
+ * nextTick helper
+ * compat with node 0.10 which behaves differently than previous versions
+ */
+
+var soon = exports.soon = 'function' == typeof setImmediate
+  ? setImmediate
+  : process.nextTick;
+
+/**
+ * Clones the contents of a buffer.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} buff
+ * @return {Buffer}
+ */
+
+exports.cloneBuffer = function(buff) {
+  var dupe = Buffer.alloc(buff.length);
+  buff.copy(dupe, 0, 0, buff.length);
+  return dupe;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if this object is an arguments object
+ *
+ * @param {Any} v
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+
+exports.isArgumentsObject = function(v) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(v) === '[object Arguments]';
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.coveralls.yml b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.coveralls.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20a706858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.coveralls.yml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+repo_token: SIAeZjKYlHK74rbcFvNHMUzjRiMpflxve
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.eslintrc b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.eslintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..146371edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.eslintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "env": {
+    "browser": true,
+    "node": true
+  },
+  "globals": {
+    "chrome": true
+  },
+  "rules": {
+    "no-console": 0,
+    "no-empty": [1, { "allowEmptyCatch": true }]
+  },
+  "extends": "eslint:recommended"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f60eecc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+support
+test
+examples
+example
+*.sock
+dist
+yarn.lock
+coverage
+bower.json
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a76430037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+sudo: false
+
+language: node_js
+
+node_js:
+  - "4"
+  - "6"
+  - "8"
+
+install:
+  - make install
+
+script:
+  - make lint
+  - make test
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+  - node_js: '8'
+    env: BROWSER=1
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..820d21e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+
+3.1.0 / 2017-09-26
+==================
+
+  * Add `DEBUG_HIDE_DATE` env var (#486)
+  * Remove ReDoS regexp in %o formatter (#504)
+  * Remove "component" from package.json
+  * Remove `component.json`
+  * Ignore package-lock.json
+  * Examples: fix colors printout
+  * Fix: browser detection
+  * Fix: spelling mistake (#496, @EdwardBetts)
+
+3.0.1 / 2017-08-24
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Disable colors in Edge and Internet Explorer (#489)
+
+3.0.0 / 2017-08-08
+==================
+
+  * Breaking: Remove DEBUG_FD (#406)
+  * Breaking: Use `Date#toISOString()` instead to `Date#toUTCString()` when output is not a TTY (#418)
+  * Breaking: Make millisecond timer namespace specific and allow 'always enabled' output (#408)
+  * Addition: document `enabled` flag (#465)
+  * Addition: add 256 colors mode (#481)
+  * Addition: `enabled()` updates existing debug instances, add `destroy()` function (#440)
+  * Update: component: update "ms" to v2.0.0
+  * Update: separate the Node and Browser tests in Travis-CI
+  * Update: refactor Readme, fixed documentation, added "Namespace Colors" section, redid screenshots
+  * Update: separate Node.js and web browser examples for organization
+  * Update: update "browserify" to v14.4.0
+  * Fix: fix Readme typo (#473)
+
+2.6.9 / 2017-09-22
+==================
+
+  * remove ReDoS regexp in %o formatter (#504)
+
+2.6.8 / 2017-05-18
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Check for undefined on browser globals (#462, @marbemac)
+
+2.6.7 / 2017-05-16
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Update ms to 2.0.0 to fix regular expression denial of service vulnerability (#458, @hubdotcom)
+  * Fix: Inline extend function in node implementation (#452, @dougwilson)
+  * Docs: Fix typo (#455, @msasad)
+
+2.6.5 / 2017-04-27
+==================
+  
+  * Fix: null reference check on window.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance (#447, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: clean up browser reference checks (#447, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: add npm-debug.log to .gitignore (@thebigredgeek)
+
+
+2.6.4 / 2017-04-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: bug that would occur if process.env.DEBUG is a non-string value. (#444, @LucianBuzzo)
+  * Chore: ignore bower.json in npm installations. (#437, @joaovieira)
+  * Misc: update "ms" to v0.7.3 (@tootallnate)
+
+2.6.3 / 2017-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Electron reference to `process.env.DEBUG` (#431, @paulcbetts)
+  * Docs: Changelog fix (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.6.2 / 2017-03-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix: DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH (#420, @slavaGanzin)
+  * Docs: Add backers and sponsors from Open Collective (#422, @piamancini)
+  * Docs: Add Slackin invite badge (@tootallnate)
+
+2.6.1 / 2017-02-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Module's `export default` syntax fix for IE8 `Expected identifier` error
+  * Fix: Whitelist DEBUG_FD for values 1 and 2 only (#415, @pi0)
+  * Fix: IE8 "Expected identifier" error (#414, @vgoma)
+  * Fix: Namespaces would not disable once enabled (#409, @musikov)
+
+2.6.0 / 2016-12-28
+==================
+
+  * Fix: added better null pointer checks for browser useColors (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Improvement: removed explicit `window.debug` export (#404, @tootallnate)
+  * Improvement: deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable (#405, @tootallnate)
+
+2.5.2 / 2016-12-25
+==================
+
+  * Fix: reference error on window within webworkers (#393, @KlausTrainer)
+  * Docs: fixed README typo (#391, @lurch)
+  * Docs: added notice about v3 api discussion (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.5.1 / 2016-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: babel-core compatibility
+
+2.5.0 / 2016-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: wrong reference in bower file (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Fix: webworker compatibility (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Fix: output formatting issue (#388, @kribblo)
+  * Fix: babel-loader compatibility (#383, @escwald)
+  * Misc: removed built asset from repo and publications (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: moved source files to /src (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Test: added karma integration and replaced babel with browserify for browser tests (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Test: coveralls integration (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Docs: simplified language in the opening paragraph (#373, @yamikuronue)
+
+2.4.5 / 2016-12-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix: `navigator` undefined in Rhino (#376, @jochenberger)
+  * Fix: custom log function (#379, @hsiliev)
+  * Improvement: bit of cleanup + linting fixes (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Improvement: rm non-maintainted `dist/` dir (#375, @freewil)
+  * Docs: simplified language in the opening paragraph. (#373, @yamikuronue)
+
+2.4.4 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: work around debug being loaded in preload scripts for electron (#368, @paulcbetts)
+
+2.4.3 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: navigation.userAgent error for react native (#364, @escwald)
+
+2.4.2 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: browser colors (#367, @tootallnate)
+  * Misc: travis ci integration (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: added linting and testing boilerplate with sanity check (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.4.1 / 2016-12-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: typo that broke the package (#356)
+
+2.4.0 / 2016-12-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: bower.json references unbuilt src entry point (#342, @justmatt)
+  * Fix: revert "handle regex special characters" (@tootallnate)
+  * Feature: configurable util.inspect()`options for NodeJS (#327, @tootallnate)
+  * Feature: %O`(big O) pretty-prints objects (#322, @tootallnate)
+  * Improvement: allow colors in workers (#335, @botverse)
+  * Improvement: use same color for same namespace. (#338, @lchenay)
+
+2.3.3 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Catch `JSON.stringify()` errors (#195, Jovan Alleyne)
+  * Fix: Returning `localStorage` saved values (#331, Levi Thomason)
+  * Improvement: Don't create an empty object when no `process` (Nathan Rajlich)
+
+2.3.2 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: be super-safe in index.js as well (@TooTallNate)
+  * Fix: should check whether process exists (Tom Newby)
+
+2.3.1 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Added electron compatibility (#324, @paulcbetts)
+  * Improvement: Added performance optimizations (@tootallnate)
+  * Readme: Corrected PowerShell environment variable example (#252, @gimre)
+  * Misc: Removed yarn lock file from source control (#321, @fengmk2)
+
+2.3.0 / 2016-11-07
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Consistent placement of ms diff at end of output (#215, @gorangajic)
+  * Fix: Escaping of regex special characters in namespace strings (#250, @zacronos)
+  * Fix: Fixed bug causing crash on react-native (#282, @vkarpov15)
+  * Feature: Enabled ES6+ compatible import via default export (#212 @bucaran)
+  * Feature: Added %O formatter to reflect Chrome's console.log capability (#279, @oncletom)
+  * Package: Update "ms" to 0.7.2 (#315, @DevSide)
+  * Package: removed superfluous version property from bower.json (#207 @kkirsche)
+  * Readme: fix USE_COLORS to DEBUG_COLORS
+  * Readme: Doc fixes for format string sugar (#269, @mlucool)
+  * Readme: Updated docs for DEBUG_FD and DEBUG_COLORS environment variables (#232, @mattlyons0)
+  * Readme: doc fixes for PowerShell (#271 #243, @exoticknight @unreadable)
+  * Readme: better docs for browser support (#224, @matthewmueller)
+  * Tooling: Added yarn integration for development (#317, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: Renamed History.md to CHANGELOG.md (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: Added license file (#226 #274, @CantemoInternal @sdaitzman)
+  * Misc: Updated contributors (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.2.0 / 2015-05-09
+==================
+
+  * package: update "ms" to v0.7.1 (#202, @dougwilson)
+  * README: add logging to file example (#193, @DanielOchoa)
+  * README: fixed a typo (#191, @amir-s)
+  * browser: expose `storage` (#190, @stephenmathieson)
+  * Makefile: add a `distclean` target (#189, @stephenmathieson)
+
+2.1.3 / 2015-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Updated stdout/stderr example (#186)
+  * Updated example/stdout.js to match debug current behaviour
+  * Renamed example/stderr.js to stdout.js
+  * Update Readme.md (#184)
+  * replace high intensity foreground color for bold (#182, #183)
+
+2.1.2 / 2015-03-01
+==================
+
+  * dist: recompile
+  * update "ms" to v0.7.0
+  * package: update "browserify" to v9.0.3
+  * component: fix "ms.js" repo location
+  * changed bower package name
+  * updated documentation about using debug in a browser
+  * fix: security error on safari (#167, #168, @yields)
+
+2.1.1 / 2014-12-29
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `typeof` to check for `console` existence
+  * browser: check for `console.log` truthiness (fix IE 8/9)
+  * browser: add support for Chrome apps
+  * Readme: added Windows usage remarks
+  * Add `bower.json` to properly support bower install
+
+2.1.0 / 2014-10-15
+==================
+
+  * node: implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+  * package: update "browserify" to v6.1.0
+  * package: add "license" field to package.json (#135, @panuhorsmalahti)
+
+2.0.0 / 2014-09-01
+==================
+
+  * package: update "browserify" to v5.11.0
+  * node: use stderr rather than stdout for logging (#29, @stephenmathieson)
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-07-15
+==================
+
+  * dist: recompile
+  * example: remove `console.info()` log usage
+  * example: add "Content-Type" UTF-8 header to browser example
+  * browser: place %c marker after the space character
+  * browser: reset the "content" color via `color: inherit`
+  * browser: add colors support for Firefox >= v31
+  * debug: prefer an instance `log()` function over the global one (#119)
+  * Readme: update documentation about styled console logs for FF v31 (#116, @wryk)
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-07-09
+==================
+
+  * Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces (#122, @seegno)
+  * browser: fix lint
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-06-10
+==================
+
+  * browser: update color palette (#113, @gscottolson)
+  * common: make console logging function configurable (#108, @timoxley)
+  * node: fix %o colors on old node <= 0.8.x
+  * Makefile: find node path using shell/which (#109, @timoxley)
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-06-06
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `removeItem()` to clear localStorage
+  * browser, node: don't set DEBUG if namespaces is undefined (#107, @leedm777)
+  * package: add "contributors" section
+  * node: fix comment typo
+  * README: list authors
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-06-04
+==================
+
+  * make ms diff be global, not be scope
+  * debug: ignore empty strings in enable()
+  * node: make DEBUG_COLORS able to disable coloring
+  * *: export the `colors` array
+  * npmignore: don't publish the `dist` dir
+  * Makefile: refactor to use browserify
+  * package: add "browserify" as a dev dependency
+  * Readme: add Web Inspector Colors section
+  * node: reset terminal color for the debug content
+  * node: map "%o" to `util.inspect()`
+  * browser: map "%j" to `JSON.stringify()`
+  * debug: add custom "formatters"
+  * debug: use "ms" module for humanizing the diff
+  * Readme: add "bash" syntax highlighting
+  * browser: add Firebug color support
+  * browser: add colors for WebKit browsers
+  * node: apply log to `console`
+  * rewrite: abstract common logic for Node & browsers
+  * add .jshintrc file
+
+0.8.1 / 2014-04-14
+==================
+
+  * package: re-add the "component" section
+
+0.8.0 / 2014-03-30
+==================
+
+  * add `enable()` method for nodejs. Closes #27
+  * change from stderr to stdout
+  * remove unnecessary index.js file
+
+0.7.4 / 2013-11-13
+==================
+
+  * remove "browserify" key from package.json (fixes something in browserify)
+
+0.7.3 / 2013-10-30
+==================
+
+  * fix: catch localStorage security error when cookies are blocked (Chrome)
+  * add debug(err) support. Closes #46
+  * add .browser prop to package.json. Closes #42
+
+0.7.2 / 2013-02-06
+==================
+
+  * fix package.json
+  * fix: Mobile Safari (private mode) is broken with debug
+  * fix: Use unicode to send escape character to shell instead of octal to work with strict mode javascript
+
+0.7.1 / 2013-02-05
+==================
+
+  * add repository URL to package.json
+  * add DEBUG_COLORED to force colored output
+  * add browserify support
+  * fix component. Closes #24
+
+0.7.0 / 2012-05-04
+==================
+
+  * Added .component to package.json
+  * Added debug.component.js build
+
+0.6.0 / 2012-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Added support for "-" prefix in DEBUG [Vinay Pulim]
+  * Added `.enabled` flag to the node version [TooTallNate]
+
+0.5.0 / 2012-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Added: humanize diffs. Closes #8
+  * Added `debug.disable()` to the CS variant
+  * Removed padding. Closes #10
+  * Fixed: persist client-side variant again. Closes #9
+
+0.4.0 / 2012-02-01
+==================
+
+  * Added browser variant support for older browsers [TooTallNate]
+  * Added `debug.enable('project:*')` to browser variant [TooTallNate]
+  * Added padding to diff (moved it to the right)
+
+0.3.0 / 2012-01-26
+==================
+
+  * Added millisecond diff when isatty, otherwise UTC string
+
+0.2.0 / 2012-01-22
+==================
+
+  * Added wildcard support
+
+0.1.0 / 2011-12-02
+==================
+
+  * Added: remove colors unless stderr isatty [TooTallNate]
+
+0.0.1 / 2010-01-03
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658c933d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software 
+and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, 
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial 
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ddd1360e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# get Makefile directory name: http://stackoverflow.com/a/5982798/376773
+THIS_MAKEFILE_PATH:=$(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
+THIS_DIR:=$(shell cd $(dir $(THIS_MAKEFILE_PATH));pwd)
+
+# BIN directory
+BIN := $(THIS_DIR)/node_modules/.bin
+
+# Path
+PATH := node_modules/.bin:$(PATH)
+SHELL := /bin/bash
+
+# applications
+NODE ?= $(shell which node)
+YARN ?= $(shell which yarn)
+PKG ?= $(if $(YARN),$(YARN),$(NODE) $(shell which npm))
+BROWSERIFY ?= $(NODE) $(BIN)/browserify
+
+install: node_modules
+
+browser: dist/debug.js
+
+node_modules: package.json
+	@NODE_ENV= $(PKG) install
+	@touch node_modules
+
+dist/debug.js: src/*.js node_modules
+	@mkdir -p dist
+	@$(BROWSERIFY) \
+		--standalone debug \
+		. > dist/debug.js
+
+lint:
+	@eslint *.js src/*.js
+
+test-node:
+	@istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- test/**.js
+	@cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
+
+test-browser:
+	@$(MAKE) browser
+	@karma start --single-run
+
+test-all:
+	@concurrently \
+		"make test-node" \
+		"make test-browser"
+
+test:
+	@if [ "x$(BROWSER)" = "x" ]; then \
+		$(MAKE) test-node; \
+		else \
+		$(MAKE) test-browser; \
+	fi
+
+clean:
+	rimraf dist coverage
+
+.PHONY: browser install clean lint test test-all test-node test-browser
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/README.md b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e754d17b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+# debug
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug)  [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/visionmedia/debug/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/visionmedia/debug?branch=master)  [![Slack](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/backers/badge.svg)](#backers)
+[![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsors/badge.svg)](#sponsors)
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
+
+A tiny JavaScript debugging utility modelled after Node.js core's debugging
+technique. Works in Node.js and web browsers.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+$ npm install debug
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+`debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
+
+Example [_app.js_](./examples/node/app.js):
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('http')
+  , http = require('http')
+  , name = 'My App';
+
+// fake app
+
+debug('booting %o', name);
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res){
+  debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
+  res.end('hello\n');
+}).listen(3000, function(){
+  debug('listening');
+});
+
+// fake worker of some kind
+
+require('./worker');
+```
+
+Example [_worker.js_](./examples/node/worker.js):
+
+```js
+var a = require('debug')('worker:a')
+  , b = require('debug')('worker:b');
+
+function work() {
+  a('doing lots of uninteresting work');
+  setTimeout(work, Math.random() * 1000);
+}
+
+work();
+
+function workb() {
+  b('doing some work');
+  setTimeout(workb, Math.random() * 2000);
+}
+
+workb();
+```
+
+The `DEBUG` environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or
+comma-delimited names.
+
+Here are some examples:
+
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 04 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091703-a6302cdc-7c38-11e7-8304-7c0b3bc600cd.png">
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 38 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091700-a62a6888-7c38-11e7-800b-db911291ca2b.png">
+<img width="647" alt="screen shot 2017-08-08 at 12 53 25 pm" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091701-a62ea114-7c38-11e7-826a-2692bedca740.png">
+
+#### Windows note
+
+On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
+
+```cmd
+set DEBUG=*,-not_this
+```
+
+Note that PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
+
+```cmd
+$env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
+```
+
+Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
+
+
+## Namespace Colors
+
+Every debug instance has a color generated for it based on its namespace name.
+This helps when visually parsing the debug output to identify which debug instance
+a debug line belongs to.
+
+#### Node.js
+
+In Node.js, colors are enabled when stderr is a TTY. You also _should_ install
+the [`supports-color`](https://npmjs.org/supports-color) module alongside debug,
+otherwise debug will only use a small handful of basic colors.
+
+<img width="521" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092181-47f6a9e6-7c3a-11e7-9a14-1928d8a711cd.png">
+
+#### Web Browser
+
+Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
+option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
+31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
+and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
+
+<img width="524" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29092033-b65f9f2e-7c39-11e7-8e32-f6f0d8e865c1.png">
+
+
+## Millisecond diff
+
+When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091486-fa38524c-7c37-11e7-895f-e7ec8e1039b6.png">
+
+When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toISOString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
+
+<img width="647" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/71256/29091956-6bd78372-7c39-11e7-8c55-c948396d6edd.png">
+
+
+## Conventions
+
+If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser".  If you append a "*" to the end of your name, it will always be enabled regardless of the setting of the DEBUG environment variable.  You can then use it for normal output as well as debug output.
+
+## Wildcards
+
+The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has
+debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session",
+instead of listing all three with
+`DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do
+`DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
+
+You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character.
+For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those
+starting with "connect:".
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
+change the behavior of the debug logging:
+
+| Name      | Purpose                                         |
+|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| `DEBUG`   | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
+| `DEBUG_HIDE_DATE` | Hide date from debug output (non-TTY).  |
+| `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
+| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth.                    |
+| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
+
+
+__Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
+converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
+See the Node.js documentation for
+[`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
+for the complete list.
+
+## Formatters
+
+Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting.
+Below are the officially supported formatters:
+
+| Formatter | Representation |
+|-----------|----------------|
+| `%O`      | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
+| `%o`      | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
+| `%s`      | String. |
+| `%d`      | Number (both integer and float). |
+| `%j`      | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
+| `%%`      | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
+
+
+### Custom formatters
+
+You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object.
+For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with
+`%h`, you could do something like:
+
+```js
+const createDebug = require('debug')
+createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
+  return v.toString('hex')
+}
+
+// …elsewhere
+const debug = createDebug('foo')
+debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
+//   foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
+```
+
+
+## Browser Support
+
+You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
+or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
+if you don't want to build it yourself.
+
+Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
+Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
+and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
+
+```js
+localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
+```
+
+And then refresh the page.
+
+```js
+a = debug('worker:a');
+b = debug('worker:b');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  a('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  b('doing some work');
+}, 1200);
+```
+
+
+## Output streams
+
+  By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
+
+Example [_stdout.js_](./examples/node/stdout.js):
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug');
+var error = debug('app:error');
+
+// by default stderr is used
+error('goes to stderr!');
+
+var log = debug('app:log');
+// set this namespace to log via console.log
+log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
+log('goes to stdout');
+error('still goes to stderr!');
+
+// set all output to go via console.info
+// overrides all per-namespace log settings
+debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
+error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
+log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
+```
+
+## Checking whether a debug target is enabled
+
+After you've created a debug instance, you can determine whether or not it is
+enabled by checking the `enabled` property:
+
+```javascript
+const debug = require('debug')('http');
+
+if (debug.enabled) {
+  // do stuff...
+}
+```
+
+You can also manually toggle this property to force the debug instance to be
+enabled or disabled.
+
+
+## Authors
+
+ - TJ Holowaychuk
+ - Nathan Rajlich
+ - Andrew Rhyne
+
+## Backers
+
+Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/6/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/6/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/7/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/7/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/8/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+## License
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/karma.conf.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/karma.conf.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..103a82d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/karma.conf.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Karma configuration
+// Generated on Fri Dec 16 2016 13:09:51 GMT+0000 (UTC)
+
+module.exports = function(config) {
+  config.set({
+
+    // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
+    basePath: '',
+
+
+    // frameworks to use
+    // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
+    frameworks: ['mocha', 'chai', 'sinon'],
+
+
+    // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
+    files: [
+      'dist/debug.js',
+      'test/*spec.js'
+    ],
+
+
+    // list of files to exclude
+    exclude: [
+      'src/node.js'
+    ],
+
+
+    // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
+    // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
+    preprocessors: {
+    },
+
+    // test results reporter to use
+    // possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
+    // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
+    reporters: ['progress'],
+
+
+    // web server port
+    port: 9876,
+
+
+    // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
+    colors: true,
+
+
+    // level of logging
+    // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
+    logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
+
+
+    // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
+    autoWatch: true,
+
+
+    // start these browsers
+    // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
+    browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
+
+
+    // Continuous Integration mode
+    // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
+    singleRun: false,
+
+    // Concurrency level
+    // how many browser should be started simultaneous
+    concurrency: Infinity
+  })
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/node.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fc36fe6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./src/node');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f56ad3a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+  "_from": "debug@3.1.0",
+  "_id": "debug@3.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-OX8XqP7/1a9cqkxYw2yXss15f26NKWBpDXQd0/uK/KPqdQhxbPa994hnzjcE2VqQpDslf55723cKPUOGSmMY3g==",
+  "_location": "/mquery/debug",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "debug@3.1.0",
+    "name": "debug",
+    "escapedName": "debug",
+    "rawSpec": "3.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "3.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mquery"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-3.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "5bb5a0672628b64149566ba16819e61518c67261",
+  "_spec": "debug@3.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mquery",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
+  },
+  "browser": "./src/browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+      "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+      "url": "http://n8.io"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Andrew Rhyne",
+      "email": "rhyneandrew@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ms": "2.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "browserify": "14.4.0",
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "concurrently": "^3.1.0",
+    "coveralls": "^2.11.15",
+    "eslint": "^3.12.1",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "karma": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-chai": "^0.1.0",
+    "karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
+    "karma-sinon": "^1.0.5",
+    "mocha": "^3.2.0",
+    "mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
+    "rimraf": "^2.5.4",
+    "sinon": "^1.17.6",
+    "sinon-chai": "^2.8.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./src/index.js",
+  "name": "debug",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/visionmedia/debug.git"
+  },
+  "version": "3.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5149ff52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/**
+ * This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = require('./debug');
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.storage = 'undefined' != typeof chrome
+               && 'undefined' != typeof chrome.storage
+                  ? chrome.storage.local
+                  : localstorage();
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [
+  '#0000CC', '#0000FF', '#0033CC', '#0033FF', '#0066CC', '#0066FF', '#0099CC',
+  '#0099FF', '#00CC00', '#00CC33', '#00CC66', '#00CC99', '#00CCCC', '#00CCFF',
+  '#3300CC', '#3300FF', '#3333CC', '#3333FF', '#3366CC', '#3366FF', '#3399CC',
+  '#3399FF', '#33CC00', '#33CC33', '#33CC66', '#33CC99', '#33CCCC', '#33CCFF',
+  '#6600CC', '#6600FF', '#6633CC', '#6633FF', '#66CC00', '#66CC33', '#9900CC',
+  '#9900FF', '#9933CC', '#9933FF', '#99CC00', '#99CC33', '#CC0000', '#CC0033',
+  '#CC0066', '#CC0099', '#CC00CC', '#CC00FF', '#CC3300', '#CC3333', '#CC3366',
+  '#CC3399', '#CC33CC', '#CC33FF', '#CC6600', '#CC6633', '#CC9900', '#CC9933',
+  '#CCCC00', '#CCCC33', '#FF0000', '#FF0033', '#FF0066', '#FF0099', '#FF00CC',
+  '#FF00FF', '#FF3300', '#FF3333', '#FF3366', '#FF3399', '#FF33CC', '#FF33FF',
+  '#FF6600', '#FF6633', '#FF9900', '#FF9933', '#FFCC00', '#FFCC33'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
+ * and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
+ * to support "%c" CSS customizations.
+ *
+ * TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  // NB: In an Electron preload script, document will be defined but not fully
+  // initialized. Since we know we're in Chrome, we'll just detect this case
+  // explicitly
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.process && window.process.type === 'renderer') {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Internet Explorer and Edge do not support colors.
+  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/(edge|trident)\/(\d+)/)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
+  // document is undefined in react-native: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/1632
+  return (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement && document.documentElement.style && document.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance) ||
+    // is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
+    (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.console && (window.console.firebug || (window.console.exception && window.console.table))) ||
+    // is firefox >= v31?
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
+    (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/) && parseInt(RegExp.$1, 10) >= 31) ||
+    // double check webkit in userAgent just in case we are in a worker
+    (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/applewebkit\/(\d+)/));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.j = function(v) {
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(v);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return '[UnexpectedJSONParseError]: ' + err.message;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Colorize log arguments if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  args[0] = (useColors ? '%c' : '')
+    + this.namespace
+    + (useColors ? ' %c' : ' ')
+    + args[0]
+    + (useColors ? '%c ' : ' ')
+    + '+' + exports.humanize(this.diff);
+
+  if (!useColors) return;
+
+  var c = 'color: ' + this.color;
+  args.splice(1, 0, c, 'color: inherit')
+
+  // the final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
+  // arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
+  // figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
+  var index = 0;
+  var lastC = 0;
+  args[0].replace(/%[a-zA-Z%]/g, function(match) {
+    if ('%%' === match) return;
+    index++;
+    if ('%c' === match) {
+      // we only are interested in the *last* %c
+      // (the user may have provided their own)
+      lastC = index;
+    }
+  });
+
+  args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.log()` when available.
+ * No-op when `console.log` is not a "function".
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  // this hackery is required for IE8/9, where
+  // the `console.log` function doesn't have 'apply'
+  return 'object' === typeof console
+    && console.log
+    && Function.prototype.apply.call(console.log, console, arguments);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  try {
+    if (null == namespaces) {
+      exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
+    } else {
+      exports.storage.debug = namespaces;
+    }
+  } catch(e) {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  var r;
+  try {
+    r = exports.storage.debug;
+  } catch(e) {}
+
+  // If debug isn't set in LS, and we're in Electron, try to load $DEBUG
+  if (!r && typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'env' in process) {
+    r = process.env.DEBUG;
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `localStorage.debug` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
+
+/**
+ * Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
+ *
+ * This is necessary because safari throws
+ * when a user disables cookies/localstorage
+ * and you attempt to access it.
+ *
+ * @return {LocalStorage}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function localstorage() {
+  try {
+    return window.localStorage;
+  } catch (e) {}
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/debug.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/debug.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77e6384a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/debug.js
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+
+/**
+ * This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
+ * implementations of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = createDebug.debug = createDebug['default'] = createDebug;
+exports.coerce = coerce;
+exports.disable = disable;
+exports.enable = enable;
+exports.enabled = enabled;
+exports.humanize = require('ms');
+
+/**
+ * Active `debug` instances.
+ */
+exports.instances = [];
+
+/**
+ * The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
+ */
+
+exports.names = [];
+exports.skips = [];
+
+/**
+ * Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
+ *
+ * Valid key names are a single, lower or upper-case letter, i.e. "n" and "N".
+ */
+
+exports.formatters = {};
+
+/**
+ * Select a color.
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function selectColor(namespace) {
+  var hash = 0, i;
+
+  for (i in namespace) {
+    hash  = ((hash << 5) - hash) + namespace.charCodeAt(i);
+    hash |= 0; // Convert to 32bit integer
+  }
+
+  return exports.colors[Math.abs(hash) % exports.colors.length];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function createDebug(namespace) {
+
+  var prevTime;
+
+  function debug() {
+    // disabled?
+    if (!debug.enabled) return;
+
+    var self = debug;
+
+    // set `diff` timestamp
+    var curr = +new Date();
+    var ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
+    self.diff = ms;
+    self.prev = prevTime;
+    self.curr = curr;
+    prevTime = curr;
+
+    // turn the `arguments` into a proper Array
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i];
+    }
+
+    args[0] = exports.coerce(args[0]);
+
+    if ('string' !== typeof args[0]) {
+      // anything else let's inspect with %O
+      args.unshift('%O');
+    }
+
+    // apply any `formatters` transformations
+    var index = 0;
+    args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-zA-Z%])/g, function(match, format) {
+      // if we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
+      if (match === '%%') return match;
+      index++;
+      var formatter = exports.formatters[format];
+      if ('function' === typeof formatter) {
+        var val = args[index];
+        match = formatter.call(self, val);
+
+        // now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
+        args.splice(index, 1);
+        index--;
+      }
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    // apply env-specific formatting (colors, etc.)
+    exports.formatArgs.call(self, args);
+
+    var logFn = debug.log || exports.log || console.log.bind(console);
+    logFn.apply(self, args);
+  }
+
+  debug.namespace = namespace;
+  debug.enabled = exports.enabled(namespace);
+  debug.useColors = exports.useColors();
+  debug.color = selectColor(namespace);
+  debug.destroy = destroy;
+
+  // env-specific initialization logic for debug instances
+  if ('function' === typeof exports.init) {
+    exports.init(debug);
+  }
+
+  exports.instances.push(debug);
+
+  return debug;
+}
+
+function destroy () {
+  var index = exports.instances.indexOf(this);
+  if (index !== -1) {
+    exports.instances.splice(index, 1);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
+ * separated by a colon and wildcards.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enable(namespaces) {
+  exports.save(namespaces);
+
+  exports.names = [];
+  exports.skips = [];
+
+  var i;
+  var split = (typeof namespaces === 'string' ? namespaces : '').split(/[\s,]+/);
+  var len = split.length;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (!split[i]) continue; // ignore empty strings
+    namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
+    if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
+      exports.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.substr(1) + '$'));
+    } else {
+      exports.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < exports.instances.length; i++) {
+    var instance = exports.instances[i];
+    instance.enabled = exports.enabled(instance.namespace);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Disable debug output.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function disable() {
+  exports.enable('');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enabled(name) {
+  if (name[name.length - 1] === '*') {
+    return true;
+  }
+  var i, len;
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.skips[i].test(name)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.names.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.names[i].test(name)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerce `val`.
+ *
+ * @param {Mixed} val
+ * @return {Mixed}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function coerce(val) {
+  if (val instanceof Error) return val.stack || val.message;
+  return val;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cabcbcda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * Detect Electron renderer process, which is node, but we should
+ * treat as a browser.
+ */
+
+if (typeof process === 'undefined' || process.type === 'renderer') {
+  module.exports = require('./browser.js');
+} else {
+  module.exports = require('./node.js');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/node.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d666fb9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var tty = require('tty');
+var util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * This is the Node.js implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = require('./debug');
+exports.init = init;
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [ 6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 ];
+
+try {
+  var supportsColor = require('supports-color');
+  if (supportsColor && supportsColor.level >= 2) {
+    exports.colors = [
+      20, 21, 26, 27, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 56, 57, 62, 63, 68,
+      69, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 92, 93, 98, 99, 112, 113, 128, 129, 134,
+      135, 148, 149, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
+      172, 173, 178, 179, 184, 185, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,
+      205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 214, 215, 220, 221
+    ];
+  }
+} catch (err) {
+  // swallow - we only care if `supports-color` is available; it doesn't have to be.
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build up the default `inspectOpts` object from the environment variables.
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_COLORS=no DEBUG_DEPTH=10 DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN=enabled node script.js
+ */
+
+exports.inspectOpts = Object.keys(process.env).filter(function (key) {
+  return /^debug_/i.test(key);
+}).reduce(function (obj, key) {
+  // camel-case
+  var prop = key
+    .substring(6)
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/_([a-z])/g, function (_, k) { return k.toUpperCase() });
+
+  // coerce string value into JS value
+  var val = process.env[key];
+  if (/^(yes|on|true|enabled)$/i.test(val)) val = true;
+  else if (/^(no|off|false|disabled)$/i.test(val)) val = false;
+  else if (val === 'null') val = null;
+  else val = Number(val);
+
+  obj[prop] = val;
+  return obj;
+}, {});
+
+/**
+ * Is stdout a TTY? Colored output is enabled when `true`.
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  return 'colors' in exports.inspectOpts
+    ? Boolean(exports.inspectOpts.colors)
+    : tty.isatty(process.stderr.fd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, all on a single line.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.o = function(v) {
+  this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+  return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts)
+    .split('\n').map(function(str) {
+      return str.trim()
+    }).join(' ');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, allowing multiple lines if needed.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.O = function(v) {
+  this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+  return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds ANSI color escape codes if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+  var name = this.namespace;
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  if (useColors) {
+    var c = this.color;
+    var colorCode = '\u001b[3' + (c < 8 ? c : '8;5;' + c);
+    var prefix = '  ' + colorCode + ';1m' + name + ' ' + '\u001b[0m';
+
+    args[0] = prefix + args[0].split('\n').join('\n' + prefix);
+    args.push(colorCode + 'm+' + exports.humanize(this.diff) + '\u001b[0m');
+  } else {
+    args[0] = getDate() + name + ' ' + args[0];
+  }
+}
+
+function getDate() {
+  if (exports.inspectOpts.hideDate) {
+    return '';
+  } else {
+    return new Date().toISOString() + ' ';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `util.format()` with the specified arguments and writes to stderr.
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  return process.stderr.write(util.format.apply(util, arguments) + '\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  if (null == namespaces) {
+    // If you set a process.env field to null or undefined, it gets cast to the
+    // string 'null' or 'undefined'. Just delete instead.
+    delete process.env.DEBUG;
+  } else {
+    process.env.DEBUG = namespaces;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  return process.env.DEBUG;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Init logic for `debug` instances.
+ *
+ * Create a new `inspectOpts` object in case `useColors` is set
+ * differently for a particular `debug` instance.
+ */
+
+function init (debug) {
+  debug.inspectOpts = {};
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(exports.inspectOpts);
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    debug.inspectOpts[keys[i]] = exports.inspectOpts[keys[i]];
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `process.env.DEBUG` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/package.json b/backend/node_modules/mquery/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44a40e670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mquery@3.2.5",
+  "_id": "mquery@3.2.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-VjOKHHgU84wij7IUoZzFRU07IAxd5kWJaDmyUzQlbjHjyoeK5TNeeo8ZsFDtTYnSgpW6n/nMNIHvE3u8Lbrf4A==",
+  "_location": "/mquery",
+  "_phantomChildren": {
+    "ms": "2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mquery@3.2.5",
+    "name": "mquery",
+    "escapedName": "mquery",
+    "rawSpec": "3.2.5",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "3.2.5"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mquery/-/mquery-3.2.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "8f2305632e4bb197f68f60c0cffa21aaf4060c51",
+  "_spec": "mquery@3.2.5",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Aaron Heckmann",
+    "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/aheckmann/mquery/issues/new"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "bluebird": "3.5.1",
+    "debug": "3.1.0",
+    "regexp-clone": "^1.0.0",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2",
+    "sliced": "1.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Expressive query building for MongoDB",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.x",
+    "mocha": "4.1.0",
+    "mongodb": "3.6.1"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4.0.0"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "mocha": true,
+      "es6": false
+    },
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "parserOptions": {
+      "ecmaVersion": 5
+    },
+    "rules": {
+      "comma-style": "error",
+      "consistent-this": [
+        "error",
+        "_this"
+      ],
+      "indent": [
+        "error",
+        2,
+        {
+          "SwitchCase": 1,
+          "VariableDeclarator": 2
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyword-spacing": "error",
+      "no-console": "off",
+      "no-multi-spaces": "error",
+      "func-call-spacing": "error",
+      "no-trailing-spaces": "error",
+      "quotes": [
+        "error",
+        "single"
+      ],
+      "semi": "error",
+      "space-before-blocks": "error",
+      "space-before-function-paren": [
+        "error",
+        "never"
+      ],
+      "space-infix-ops": "error",
+      "space-unary-ops": "error"
+    }
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/aheckmann/mquery/",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mongodb",
+    "query",
+    "builder"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "lib/mquery.js",
+  "name": "mquery",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/aheckmann/mquery.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "fix-lint": "eslint . --fix",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha test/index.js test/*.test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "3.2.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/mongo.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/mongo.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/node.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ac380b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/collection/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+var assert = require('assert');
+var mongo = require('mongodb');
+
+var uri = process.env.MQUERY_URI || 'mongodb://localhost/mquery';
+var client;
+var db;
+
+exports.getCollection = function(cb) {
+  mongo.MongoClient.connect(uri, function(err, _client) {
+    assert.ifError(err);
+    client = _client;
+    db = client.db();
+
+    var collection = db.collection('stuff');
+
+    // clean test db before starting
+    db.dropDatabase(function() {
+      cb(null, collection);
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+exports.dropCollection = function(cb) {
+  db.dropDatabase(function() {
+    client.close(cb);
+  });
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/env.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/env.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38385b074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/env.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+var env = require('../').env;
+
+console.log('environment: %s', env.type);
+
+var col;
+switch (env.type) {
+  case 'node':
+    col = require('./collection/node');
+    break;
+  case 'mongo':
+    col = require('./collection/mongo');
+    break;
+  case 'browser':
+    col = require('./collection/browser');
+    break;
+  default:
+    throw new Error('missing collection implementation for environment: ' + env.type);
+}
+
+module.exports = exports = col;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44adb1785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3076 @@
+var mquery = require('../');
+var assert = require('assert');
+
+/* global Map */
+
+describe('mquery', function() {
+  var col;
+
+  before(function(done) {
+    // get the env specific collection interface
+    require('./env').getCollection(function(err, collection) {
+      assert.ifError(err);
+      col = collection;
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  after(function(done) {
+    require('./env').dropCollection(done);
+  });
+
+  describe('mquery', function() {
+    it('is a function', function() {
+      assert.equal('function', typeof mquery);
+    });
+    it('creates instances with the `new` keyword', function() {
+      assert.ok(mquery() instanceof mquery);
+    });
+    describe('defaults', function() {
+      it('are set', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.strictEqual(undefined, m.op);
+        assert.deepEqual({}, m.options);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('criteria', function() {
+      it('if collection-like is used as collection', function() {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        assert.equal(col, m._collection.collection);
+      });
+      it('non-collection-like is used as criteria', function() {
+        var m = mquery({ works: true });
+        assert.ok(!m._collection);
+        assert.deepEqual({ works: true }, m._conditions);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('options', function() {
+      it('are merged when passed', function() {
+        var m;
+        m = mquery(col, { safe: true });
+        assert.deepEqual({ safe: true }, m.options);
+        m = mquery({ name: 'mquery' }, { safe: true });
+        assert.deepEqual({ safe: true }, m.options);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toConstructor', function() {
+    it('creates subclasses of mquery', function() {
+      var opts = { safe: { w: 'majority' }, readPreference: 'p' };
+      var match = { name: 'test', count: { $gt: 101 }};
+      var select = { name: 1, count: 0 };
+      var update = { $set: { x: true }};
+      var path = 'street';
+
+      var q = mquery().setOptions(opts);
+      q.where(match);
+      q.select(select);
+      q.update(update);
+      q.where(path);
+      q.find();
+
+      var M = q.toConstructor();
+      var m = M();
+
+      assert.ok(m instanceof mquery);
+      assert.deepEqual(opts, m.options);
+      assert.deepEqual(match, m._conditions);
+      assert.deepEqual(select, m._fields);
+      assert.deepEqual(update, m._update);
+      assert.equal(path, m._path);
+      assert.equal('find', m.op);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setOptions', function() {
+    it('calls associated methods', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m._collection, null);
+      m.setOptions({ collection: col });
+      assert.equal(m._collection.collection, col);
+    });
+    it('directly sets option when no method exists', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m.options.woot, null);
+      m.setOptions({ woot: 'yay' });
+      assert.equal(m.options.woot, 'yay');
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery(),
+          n;
+
+      n = m.setOptions();
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+      n = m.setOptions({ x: 1 });
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('collection', function() {
+    it('sets the _collection', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.collection(col);
+      assert.equal(m._collection.collection, col);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var n = m.collection(col);
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('$where', function() {
+    it('sets the $where condition', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      function go() {}
+      m.$where(go);
+      assert.ok(go === m._conditions.$where);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var n = m.$where('x');
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('where', function() {
+    it('without arguments', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.where();
+      assert.deepEqual({}, m._conditions);
+    });
+    it('with non-string/object argument', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.where([]);
+      }, /path must be a string or object/);
+    });
+    describe('with one argument', function() {
+      it('that is an object', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        m.where({ name: 'flawed' });
+        assert.strictEqual(m._conditions.name, 'flawed');
+      });
+      it('that is a query', function() {
+        var m = mquery({ name: 'first' });
+        var n = mquery({ name: 'changed' });
+        m.where(n);
+        assert.strictEqual(m._conditions.name, 'changed');
+      });
+      it('that is a string', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        m.where('name');
+        assert.equal('name', m._path);
+        assert.strictEqual(m._conditions.name, undefined);
+      });
+    });
+    it('with two arguments', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.where('name', 'The Great Pumpkin');
+      assert.equal('name', m._path);
+      assert.strictEqual(m._conditions.name, 'The Great Pumpkin');
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery(),
+          n;
+
+      n = m.where('x', 'y');
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+      n = m.where();
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+    });
+  });
+  describe('equals', function() {
+    it('must be called after where()', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.equals();
+      }, /must be used after where/);
+    });
+    it('sets value of path set with where()', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.where('age').equals(1000);
+      assert.deepEqual({ age: 1000 }, m._conditions);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var n = m.where('x').equals(3);
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+    });
+  });
+  describe('eq', function() {
+    it('is alias of equals', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.where('age').eq(1000);
+      assert.deepEqual({ age: 1000 }, m._conditions);
+    });
+  });
+  describe('or', function() {
+    it('pushes onto the internal $or condition', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.or({ 'Nightmare Before Christmas': true });
+      assert.deepEqual([{'Nightmare Before Christmas': true }], m._conditions.$or);
+    });
+    it('allows passing arrays', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var arg = [{ 'Nightmare Before Christmas': true }, { x: 1 }];
+      m.or(arg);
+      assert.deepEqual(arg, m._conditions.$or);
+    });
+    it('allows calling multiple times', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var arg = [{ looper: true }, { x: 1 }];
+      m.or(arg);
+      m.or({ y: 1 });
+      m.or([{ w: 'oo' }, { z: 'oo'} ]);
+      assert.deepEqual([{looper:true},{x:1},{y:1},{w:'oo'},{z:'oo'}], m._conditions.$or);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.or({ o: 'k'}).where('name', 'table');
+      assert.deepEqual({ name: 'table', $or: [{ o: 'k' }] }, m._conditions);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('nor', function() {
+    it('pushes onto the internal $nor condition', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.nor({ 'Nightmare Before Christmas': true });
+      assert.deepEqual([{'Nightmare Before Christmas': true }], m._conditions.$nor);
+    });
+    it('allows passing arrays', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var arg = [{ 'Nightmare Before Christmas': true }, { x: 1 }];
+      m.nor(arg);
+      assert.deepEqual(arg, m._conditions.$nor);
+    });
+    it('allows calling multiple times', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var arg = [{ looper: true }, { x: 1 }];
+      m.nor(arg);
+      m.nor({ y: 1 });
+      m.nor([{ w: 'oo' }, { z: 'oo'} ]);
+      assert.deepEqual([{looper:true},{x:1},{y:1},{w:'oo'},{z:'oo'}], m._conditions.$nor);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.nor({ o: 'k'}).where('name', 'table');
+      assert.deepEqual({ name: 'table', $nor: [{ o: 'k' }] }, m._conditions);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('and', function() {
+    it('pushes onto the internal $and condition', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.and({ 'Nightmare Before Christmas': true });
+      assert.deepEqual([{'Nightmare Before Christmas': true }], m._conditions.$and);
+    });
+    it('allows passing arrays', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var arg = [{ 'Nightmare Before Christmas': true }, { x: 1 }];
+      m.and(arg);
+      assert.deepEqual(arg, m._conditions.$and);
+    });
+    it('allows calling multiple times', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var arg = [{ looper: true }, { x: 1 }];
+      m.and(arg);
+      m.and({ y: 1 });
+      m.and([{ w: 'oo' }, { z: 'oo'} ]);
+      assert.deepEqual([{looper:true},{x:1},{y:1},{w:'oo'},{z:'oo'}], m._conditions.$and);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.and({ o: 'k'}).where('name', 'table');
+      assert.deepEqual({ name: 'table', $and: [{ o: 'k' }] }, m._conditions);
+    });
+  });
+
+  function generalCondition(type) {
+    return function() {
+      it('accepts 2 args', function() {
+        var m = mquery()[type]('count', 3);
+        var check = {};
+        check['$' + type] = 3;
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.count, check);
+      });
+      it('uses previously set `where` path if 1 arg passed', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('count')[type](3);
+        var check = {};
+        check['$' + type] = 3;
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.count, check);
+      });
+      it('throws if 1 arg was passed but no previous `where` was used', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery()[type](3);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+      it('is chainable', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('count')[type](3).where('x', 8);
+        var check = {x: 8, count: {}};
+        check.count['$' + type] = 3;
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+      });
+      it('overwrites previous value', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('count')[type](3)[type](8);
+        var check = {};
+        check['$' + type] = 8;
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.count, check);
+      });
+    };
+  }
+
+  'gt gte lt lte ne in nin regex size maxDistance minDistance'.split(' ').forEach(function(type) {
+    describe(type, generalCondition(type));
+  });
+
+  describe('mod', function() {
+    describe('with 1 argument', function() {
+      it('requires a previous where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().mod([30, 10]);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('madmen').mod([10,20]);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { madmen: { $mod: [10,20] }});
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 2 arguments and second is non-Array', function() {
+      it('requires a previous where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().mod('x', 10);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('madmen').mod(10, 20);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { madmen: { $mod: [10,20] }});
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('with 2 arguments and second is an array', function() {
+      var m = mquery().mod('madmen', [10,20]);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { madmen: { $mod: [10,20] }});
+    });
+
+    it('with 3 arguments', function() {
+      var m = mquery().mod('madmen', 10, 20);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { madmen: { $mod: [10,20] }});
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery().mod('madmen', 10, 20).where('x', 8);
+      var check = { madmen: { $mod: [10,20] }, x: 8};
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('exists', function() {
+    it('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('throws if not used after where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().exists();
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('name').exists();
+        var check = { name: { $exists: true }};
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 1 arg', function() {
+      describe('that is boolean', function() {
+        it('throws if not used after where()', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().exists();
+          }, /must be used after where/);
+        });
+        it('works', function() {
+          var m = mquery().exists('name', false);
+          var check = { name: { $exists: false }};
+          assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+        });
+      });
+      describe('that is not boolean', function() {
+        it('sets the value to `true`', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('name').exists('yummy');
+          var check = { yummy: { $exists: true }};
+          assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 2 args', function() {
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().exists('yummy', false);
+        var check = { yummy: { $exists: false }};
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('name').exists().find({ x: 1 });
+      var check = { name: { $exists: true }, x: 1};
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, check);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('elemMatch', function() {
+    describe('with null/undefined first argument', function() {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().elemMatch();
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().elemMatch(null);
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mquery().elemMatch('', {});
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 1 argument', function() {
+      it('throws if not a function or object', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().elemMatch([]);
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+      });
+
+      describe('that is an object', function() {
+        it('throws if no previous `where` was used', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().elemMatch({});
+          }, /must be used after where/);
+        });
+        it('works', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('comment').elemMatch({ author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3 }});
+          assert.deepEqual({ comment: { $elemMatch: { author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3}}}}, m._conditions);
+        });
+      });
+      describe('that is a function', function() {
+        it('throws if no previous `where` was used', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().elemMatch(function() {});
+          }, /must be used after where/);
+        });
+        it('works', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('comment').elemMatch(function(query) {
+            query.where({ author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3 }});
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual({ comment: { $elemMatch: { author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3}}}}, m._conditions);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 2 arguments', function() {
+      describe('and the 2nd is an object', function() {
+        it('works', function() {
+          var m = mquery().elemMatch('comment', { author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3 }});
+          assert.deepEqual({ comment: { $elemMatch: { author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3}}}}, m._conditions);
+        });
+      });
+      describe('and the 2nd is a function', function() {
+        it('works', function() {
+          var m = mquery().elemMatch('comment', function(query) {
+            query.where({ author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3 }});
+          });
+          assert.deepEqual({ comment: { $elemMatch: { author: 'joe', votes: {$gte: 3}}}}, m._conditions);
+        });
+      });
+      it('and the 2nd is not a function or object', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().elemMatch('comment', []);
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('within', function() {
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m.where('a').within(), m);
+    });
+    describe('when called with arguments', function() {
+      it('must follow where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().within([]);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+
+      describe('of length 1', function() {
+        it('throws if not a recognized shape', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().where('loc').within({});
+          }, /Invalid argument/);
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().where('loc').within(null);
+          }, /Invalid argument/);
+        });
+        it('delegates to circle when center exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ center: [10,10], radius: 3 });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $geoWithin: {$center:[[10,10], 3]}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+        it('delegates to box when exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ box: [[10,10], [11,14]] });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $geoWithin: {$box:[[10,10], [11,14]]}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+        it('delegates to polygon when exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ polygon: [[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]] });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $geoWithin: {$polygon:[[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]]}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+        it('delegates to geometry when exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]] });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $geoWithin: {$geometry: {type:'Polygon', coordinates: [[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]]}}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('of length 2', function() {
+        it('delegates to box()', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within([1,2],[2,5]);
+          assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.loc, { $geoWithin: { $box: [[1,2],[2,5]]}});
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('of length > 2', function() {
+        it('delegates to polygon()', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within([1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,3]);
+          assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.loc, { $geoWithin: { $polygon: [[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,3]]}});
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('geoWithin', function() {
+    before(function() {
+      mquery.use$geoWithin = false;
+    });
+    after(function() {
+      mquery.use$geoWithin = true;
+    });
+    describe('when called with arguments', function() {
+      describe('of length 1', function() {
+        it('delegates to circle when center exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ center: [10,10], radius: 3 });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $within: {$center:[[10,10], 3]}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+        it('delegates to box when exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ box: [[10,10], [11,14]] });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $within: {$box:[[10,10], [11,14]]}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+        it('delegates to polygon when exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ polygon: [[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]] });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $within: {$polygon:[[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]]}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+        it('delegates to geometry when exists', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]] });
+          assert.deepEqual({ $within: {$geometry: {type:'Polygon', coordinates: [[10,10], [11,14],[10,9]]}}}, m._conditions.loc);
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('of length 2', function() {
+        it('delegates to box()', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within([1,2],[2,5]);
+          assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.loc, { $within: { $box: [[1,2],[2,5]]}});
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('of length > 2', function() {
+        it('delegates to polygon()', function() {
+          var m = mquery().where('loc').within([1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,3]);
+          assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.loc, { $within: { $polygon: [[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,3]]}});
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('box', function() {
+    describe('with 1 argument', function() {
+      it('throws', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().box('sometihng');
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with > 3 arguments', function() {
+      it('throws', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().box(1,2,3,4);
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 2 arguments', function() {
+      it('throws if not used after where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().box([],[]);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('loc').box([1,2],[3,4]);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.loc, { $geoWithin: { $box: [[1,2],[3,4]] }});
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 3 arguments', function() {
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().box('loc', [1,2],[3,4]);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions.loc, { $geoWithin: { $box: [[1,2],[3,4]] }});
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('polygon', function() {
+    describe('when first argument is not a string', function() {
+      it('throws if not used after where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().polygon({});
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().where('loc').polygon([1,2], [2,3], [3,6]);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('assigns arguments to within polygon condition', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('loc').polygon([1,2], [2,3], [3,6]);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: {$geoWithin: {$polygon: [[1,2],[2,3],[3,6]]}} });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when first arg is a string', function() {
+      it('assigns remaining arguments to within polygon condition', function() {
+        var m = mquery().polygon('loc', [1,2], [2,3], [3,6]);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: {$geoWithin: {$polygon: [[1,2],[2,3],[3,6]]}} });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('circle', function() {
+    describe('with one arg', function() {
+      it('must follow where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().circle('x');
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().where('loc').circle({center:[0,0], radius: 3 });
+        });
+      });
+      it('works', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('loc').circle({center:[0,0], radius: 3 });
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: { $geoWithin: {$center: [[0,0],3] }}});
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 3 args', function() {
+      it('throws', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().where('loc').circle(1,2,3);
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('requires radius and center', function() {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().circle('loc', { center: 1 });
+      }, /center and radius are required/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().circle('loc', { radius: 1 });
+      }, /center and radius are required/);
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mquery().circle('loc', { center: [1,2], radius: 1 });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('geometry', function() {
+    // within + intersects
+    var point = { type: 'Point', coordinates: [[0,0],[1,1]] };
+
+    it('must be called after within or intersects', function(done) {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().where('a').geometry(point);
+      }, /must come after/);
+
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mquery().where('a').within().geometry(point);
+      });
+
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mquery().where('a').intersects().geometry(point);
+      });
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    describe('when called with one argument', function() {
+      describe('after within()', function() {
+        it('and arg quacks like geoJSON', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery().where('a').within().geometry(point);
+          assert.deepEqual({ a: { $geoWithin: { $geometry: point }}}, m._conditions);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('after intersects()', function() {
+        it('and arg quacks like geoJSON', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery().where('a').intersects().geometry(point);
+          assert.deepEqual({ a: { $geoIntersects: { $geometry: point }}}, m._conditions);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('and arg does not quack like geoJSON', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().where('b').within().geometry({type:1, coordinates:2});
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when called with zero arguments', function() {
+      it('throws', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().where('a').within().geometry();
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when called with more than one arguments', function() {
+      it('throws', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().where('a').within().geometry({type:'a',coordinates:[]}, 2);
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('intersects', function() {
+    it('must be used after where()', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects();
+      }, /must be used after where/);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('sets geo comparison to "$intersects"', function(done) {
+      var n = mquery().where('a').intersects();
+      assert.equal('$geoIntersects', n._geoComparison);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m.where('a').intersects(), m);
+    });
+
+    it('calls geometry if argument quacks like geojson', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var o = { type: 'LineString', coordinates: [[0,1],[3,40]] };
+      var ran = false;
+
+      m.geometry = function(arg) {
+        ran = true;
+        assert.deepEqual(o, arg);
+      };
+
+      m.where('a').intersects(o);
+      assert.ok(ran);
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('throws if argument is not geometry-like', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery().where('a');
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects(null);
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects(undefined);
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects(false);
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects({});
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects([]);
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects(function() {});
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        m.intersects(NaN);
+      }, /Invalid argument/);
+
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('near', function() {
+    // near nearSphere
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('is compatible with geometry()', function(done) {
+        var q = mquery().where('x').near().geometry({ type: 'Point', coordinates: [180, 11] });
+        assert.deepEqual({ $near: {$geometry: {type:'Point', coordinates: [180,11]}}}, q._conditions.x);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 1 arg', function() {
+      it('throws if not used after where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().near(1);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+      });
+      it('does not throw if used after where()', function() {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().where('loc').near({center:[1,1]});
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with > 2 args', function() {
+      it('throws', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().near(1,2,3);
+        }, /Invalid argument/);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('creates $geometry args for GeoJSON', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('loc').near({ center: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [10,10] }});
+      assert.deepEqual({ $near: {$geometry: {type:'Point', coordinates: [10,10]}}}, m._conditions.loc);
+    });
+
+    it('expects `center`', function() {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().near('loc', { maxDistance: 3 });
+      }, /center is required/);
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        mquery().near('loc', { center: [3,4] });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('accepts spherical conditions', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('loc').near({ center: [1,2], spherical: true });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: { $nearSphere: [1,2]}});
+    });
+
+    it('is non-spherical by default', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('loc').near({ center: [1,2] });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: { $near: [1,2]}});
+    });
+
+    it('supports maxDistance', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('loc').near({ center: [1,2], maxDistance:4 });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: { $near: [1,2], $maxDistance: 4}});
+    });
+
+    it('supports minDistance', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('loc').near({ center: [1,2], minDistance:4 });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: { $near: [1,2], $minDistance: 4}});
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery().where('loc').near({ center: [1,2], maxDistance:4 }).find({ x: 1 });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { loc: { $near: [1,2], $maxDistance: 4}, x: 1});
+    });
+
+    describe('supports passing GeoJSON, gh-13', function() {
+      it('with center', function() {
+        var m = mquery().where('loc').near({
+          center: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [1,1] },
+          maxDistance: 2
+        });
+
+        var expect = {
+          loc: {
+            $near: {
+              $geometry: {
+                type: 'Point',
+                coordinates : [1,1]
+              },
+              $maxDistance : 2
+            }
+          }
+        };
+
+        assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, expect);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  // fields
+
+  describe('select', function() {
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('is chainable', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m, m.select());
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('accepts an object', function() {
+      var o = { x: 1, y: 1 };
+      var m = mquery().select(o);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._fields, o);
+    });
+
+    it('accepts a string', function() {
+      var o = 'x -y';
+      var m = mquery().select(o);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._fields, { x: 1, y: 0 });
+    });
+
+    it('does accept an array', function() {
+      var o = ['x', '-y'];
+      var m = mquery().select(o);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._fields, { x: 1, y: 0 });
+    });
+
+    it('merges previous arguments', function() {
+      var o = { x: 1, y: 0, a: 1 };
+      var m = mquery().select(o);
+      m.select('z -u w').select({ x: 0 });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._fields, {
+        x: 0,
+        y: 0,
+        z: 1,
+        u: 0,
+        w: 1,
+        a: 1
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('rejects non-string, object, arrays', function() {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().select(function() {});
+      }, /Invalid select\(\) argument/);
+    });
+
+    it('accepts arguments objects', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      function t() {
+        m.select(arguments);
+        assert.deepEqual(m._fields, { x: 1, y: 0 });
+      }
+      t('x', '-y');
+    });
+
+    noDistinct('select');
+  });
+
+  describe('selected', function() {
+    it('returns true when fields have been selected', function(done) {
+      var m;
+
+      m = mquery().select({ name: 1 });
+      assert.ok(m.selected());
+
+      m = mquery().select('name');
+      assert.ok(m.selected());
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('returns false when no fields have been selected', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.strictEqual(false, m.selected());
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('selectedInclusively', function() {
+    describe('returns false', function() {
+      it('when no fields have been selected', function(done) {
+        assert.strictEqual(false, mquery().selectedInclusively());
+        assert.equal(false, mquery().select({}).selectedInclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+      it('when any fields have been excluded', function(done) {
+        assert.strictEqual(false, mquery().select('-name').selectedInclusively());
+        assert.strictEqual(false, mquery().select({ name: 0 }).selectedInclusively());
+        assert.strictEqual(false, mquery().select('name bio -_id').selectedInclusively());
+        assert.strictEqual(false, mquery().select({ name: 1, _id: 0 }).selectedInclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+      it('when using $meta', function(done) {
+        assert.strictEqual(false, mquery().select({ name: { $meta: 'textScore' } }).selectedInclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('returns true', function() {
+      it('when fields have been included', function(done) {
+        assert.equal(true, mquery().select('name').selectedInclusively());
+        assert.equal(true, mquery().select({ name:1 }).selectedInclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('selectedExclusively', function() {
+    describe('returns false', function() {
+      it('when no fields have been selected', function(done) {
+        assert.equal(false, mquery().selectedExclusively());
+        assert.equal(false, mquery().select({}).selectedExclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+      it('when fields have only been included', function(done) {
+        assert.equal(false, mquery().select('name').selectedExclusively());
+        assert.equal(false, mquery().select({ name: 1 }).selectedExclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('returns true', function() {
+      it('when any field has been excluded', function(done) {
+        assert.equal(true, mquery().select('-name').selectedExclusively());
+        assert.equal(true, mquery().select({ name:0 }).selectedExclusively());
+        assert.equal(true, mquery().select('-_id').selectedExclusively());
+        assert.strictEqual(true, mquery().select('name bio -_id').selectedExclusively());
+        assert.strictEqual(true, mquery().select({ name: 1, _id: 0 }).selectedExclusively());
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('slice', function() {
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('is chainable', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m, m.slice());
+      });
+      it('is a noop', function() {
+        var m = mquery().slice();
+        assert.deepEqual(m._fields, undefined);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 1 arg', function() {
+      it('throws if not called after where()', function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().slice(1);
+        }, /must be used after where/);
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().where('a').slice(1);
+        });
+      });
+      it('that is a number', function() {
+        var query = mquery();
+        query.where('collection').slice(5);
+        assert.deepEqual(query._fields, {collection: {$slice: 5}});
+      });
+      it('that is an array', function() {
+        var query = mquery();
+        query.where('collection').slice([5,10]);
+        assert.deepEqual(query._fields, {collection: {$slice: [5,10]}});
+      });
+      it('that is an object', function() {
+        var query = mquery();
+        query.slice({ collection: [5, 10] });
+        assert.deepEqual(query._fields, {collection: {$slice: [5,10]}});
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 2 args', function() {
+      describe('and first is a number', function() {
+        it('throws if not called after where', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().slice(2,3);
+          }, /must be used after where/);
+        });
+        it('does not throw if used after where', function() {
+          var query = mquery();
+          query.where('collection').slice(2,3);
+          assert.deepEqual(query._fields, {collection: {$slice: [2,3]}});
+        });
+      });
+      it('and first is not a number', function() {
+        var query = mquery().slice('collection', [-5, 2]);
+        assert.deepEqual(query._fields, {collection: {$slice: [-5,2]}});
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 3 args', function() {
+      it('works', function() {
+        var query = mquery();
+        query.slice('collection', 14, 10);
+        assert.deepEqual(query._fields, {collection: {$slice: [14, 10]}});
+      });
+    });
+
+    noDistinct('slice');
+    no('count', 'slice');
+  });
+
+  // options
+
+  describe('sort', function() {
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('chains', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m, m.sort());
+      });
+      it('has no affect', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m.options.sort, undefined);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('works', function() {
+      var query = mquery();
+      query.sort('a -c b');
+      assert.deepEqual(query.options.sort, { a : 1, b: 1, c : -1});
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.sort({'a': 1, 'c': -1, 'b': 'asc', e: 'descending', f: 'ascending'});
+      assert.deepEqual(query.options.sort, {'a': 1, 'c': -1, 'b': 1, 'e': -1, 'f': 1});
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.sort([['a', -1], ['c', 1], ['b', 'desc'], ['e', 'ascending'], ['f', 'descending']]);
+      assert.deepEqual(query.options.sort, [['a', -1], ['c', 1], ['b', -1], ['e', 1], ['f', -1]]);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      var e = undefined;
+      try {
+        query.sort([['a', 1], { 'b': 5 }]);
+      } catch (err) {
+        e = err;
+      }
+      assert.ok(e, 'uh oh. no error was thrown');
+      assert.equal(e.message, 'Invalid sort() argument, must be array of arrays');
+
+      query = mquery();
+      e = undefined;
+
+      try {
+        query.sort('a', 1, 'c', -1, 'b', 1);
+      } catch (err) {
+        e = err;
+      }
+      assert.ok(e, 'uh oh. no error was thrown');
+      assert.equal(e.message, 'Invalid sort() argument. Must be a string, object, or array.');
+    });
+
+    it('handles $meta sort options', function() {
+      var query = mquery();
+      query.sort({ score: { $meta : 'textScore' } });
+      assert.deepEqual(query.options.sort, { score : { $meta : 'textScore' } });
+    });
+
+    it('array syntax', function() {
+      var query = mquery();
+      query.sort([['field', 1], ['test', -1]]);
+      assert.deepEqual(query.options.sort, [['field', 1], ['test', -1]]);
+    });
+
+    it('throws with mixed array/object syntax', function() {
+      var query = mquery();
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        query.sort({ field: 1 }).sort([['test', -1]]);
+      }, /Can't mix sort syntaxes/);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        query.sort([['field', 1]]).sort({ test: 1 });
+      }, /Can't mix sort syntaxes/);
+    });
+
+    it('works with maps', function() {
+      if (typeof Map === 'undefined') {
+        return this.skip();
+      }
+      var query = mquery();
+      query.sort(new Map().set('field', 1).set('test', -1));
+      assert.deepEqual(query.options.sort, new Map().set('field', 1).set('test', -1));
+    });
+  });
+
+  function simpleOption(type, options) {
+    describe(type, function() {
+      it('sets the ' + type + ' option', function() {
+        var m = mquery()[type](2);
+        var optionName = options.name || type;
+        assert.equal(2, m.options[optionName]);
+      });
+      it('is chainable', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m[type](3), m);
+      });
+
+      if (!options.distinct) noDistinct(type);
+      if (!options.count) no('count', type);
+    });
+  }
+
+  var negated = {
+    limit: {distinct: false, count: true},
+    skip: {distinct: false, count: true},
+    maxScan: {distinct: false, count: false},
+    batchSize: {distinct: false, count: false},
+    maxTime: {distinct: true, count: true, name: 'maxTimeMS' },
+    comment: {distinct: false, count: false}
+  };
+  Object.keys(negated).forEach(function(key) {
+    simpleOption(key, negated[key]);
+  });
+
+  describe('snapshot', function() {
+    it('works', function() {
+      var query;
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.snapshot();
+      assert.equal(true, query.options.snapshot);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.snapshot(true);
+      assert.equal(true, query.options.snapshot);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.snapshot(false);
+      assert.equal(false, query.options.snapshot);
+    });
+    noDistinct('snapshot');
+    no('count', 'snapshot');
+  });
+
+  describe('hint', function() {
+    it('accepts an object', function() {
+      var query2 = mquery();
+      query2.hint({'a': 1, 'b': -1});
+      assert.deepEqual(query2.options.hint, {'a': 1, 'b': -1});
+    });
+
+    it('accepts a string', function() {
+      var query2 = mquery();
+      query2.hint('a');
+      assert.deepEqual(query2.options.hint, 'a');
+    });
+
+    it('rejects everything else', function() {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().hint(['c']);
+      }, /Invalid hint./);
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().hint(1);
+      }, /Invalid hint./);
+    });
+
+    describe('does not have side affects', function() {
+      it('on invalid arg', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        try {
+          m.hint(1);
+        } catch (err) {
+          // ignore
+        }
+        assert.equal(undefined, m.options.hint);
+      });
+      it('on missing arg', function() {
+        var m = mquery().hint();
+        assert.equal(undefined, m.options.hint);
+      });
+    });
+
+    noDistinct('hint');
+  });
+
+  describe('j', function() {
+    it('works', function() {
+      var m = mquery().j(true);
+      assert.equal(true, m.options.j);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('slaveOk', function() {
+    it('works', function() {
+      var query;
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.slaveOk();
+      assert.equal(true, query.options.slaveOk);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.slaveOk(true);
+      assert.equal(true, query.options.slaveOk);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.slaveOk(false);
+      assert.equal(false, query.options.slaveOk);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('read', function() {
+    it('sets associated readPreference option', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.read('p');
+      assert.equal('primary', m.options.readPreference);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m, m.read('sp'));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('readConcern', function() {
+    it('sets associated readConcern option', function() {
+      var m;
+
+      m = mquery();
+      m.readConcern('s');
+      assert.deepEqual({ level: 'snapshot' }, m.options.readConcern);
+
+      m = mquery();
+      m.r('local');
+      assert.deepEqual({ level: 'local' }, m.options.readConcern);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m, m.readConcern('lz'));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('tailable', function() {
+    it('works', function() {
+      var query;
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.tailable();
+      assert.equal(true, query.options.tailable);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.tailable(true);
+      assert.equal(true, query.options.tailable);
+
+      query = mquery();
+      query.tailable(false);
+      assert.equal(false, query.options.tailable);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m, m.tailable());
+    });
+    noDistinct('tailable');
+    no('count', 'tailable');
+  });
+
+  describe('writeConcern', function() {
+    it('sets associated writeConcern option', function() {
+      var m;
+      m = mquery();
+      m.writeConcern('majority');
+      assert.equal('majority', m.options.w);
+
+      m = mquery();
+      m.writeConcern('m'); // m is alias of majority
+      assert.equal('majority', m.options.w);
+
+      m = mquery();
+      m.writeConcern(1);
+      assert.equal(1, m.options.w);
+    });
+    it('accepts object', function() {
+      var m;
+
+      m = mquery().writeConcern({ w: 'm', j: true, wtimeout: 1000 });
+      assert.equal('m', m.options.w); // check it does not convert m to majority
+      assert.equal(true, m.options.j);
+      assert.equal(1000, m.options.wtimeout);
+
+      m = mquery().w('m').w({j: false, wtimeout: 0 });
+      assert.equal('majority', m.options.w);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, m.options.j);
+      assert.strictEqual(0, m.options.wtimeout);
+    });
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      assert.equal(m, m.writeConcern('majority'));
+    });
+  });
+
+  // query utilities
+
+  describe('merge', function() {
+    describe('with falsy arg', function() {
+      it('returns itself', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m, m.merge());
+        assert.equal(m, m.merge(null));
+        assert.equal(m, m.merge(0));
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with an argument', function() {
+      describe('that is not a query or plain object', function() {
+        it('throws', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().merge([]);
+          }, /Invalid argument/);
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery().merge('merge');
+          }, /Invalid argument/);
+          assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+            mquery().merge({});
+          }, /Invalid argument/);
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('that is a query', function() {
+        it('merges conditions, field selection, and options', function() {
+          var m = mquery({ x: 'hi' }, { select: 'x y', another: true });
+          var n = mquery().merge(m);
+          assert.deepEqual(n._conditions, m._conditions);
+          assert.deepEqual(n._fields, m._fields);
+          assert.deepEqual(n.options, m.options);
+        });
+        it('clones update arguments', function(done) {
+          var original = { $set: { iTerm: true }};
+          var m = mquery().update(original);
+          var n = mquery().merge(m);
+          m.update({ $set: { x: 2 }});
+          assert.notDeepEqual(m._update, n._update);
+          done();
+        });
+        it('is chainable', function() {
+          var m = mquery({ x: 'hi' });
+          var n = mquery();
+          assert.equal(n, n.merge(m));
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('that is an object', function() {
+        it('merges', function() {
+          var m = { x: 'hi' };
+          var n = mquery().merge(m);
+          assert.deepEqual(n._conditions, { x: 'hi' });
+        });
+        it('clones update arguments', function(done) {
+          var original = { $set: { iTerm: true }};
+          var m = mquery().update(original);
+          var n = mquery().merge(original);
+          m.update({ $set: { x: 2 }});
+          assert.notDeepEqual(m._update, n._update);
+          done();
+        });
+        it('is chainable', function() {
+          var m = { x: 'hi' };
+          var n = mquery();
+          assert.equal(n, n.merge(m));
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  // queries
+
+  describe('find', function() {
+    describe('with no callback', function() {
+      it('does not execute', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.find();
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.find({ x: 1 });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery().find({ x: 1 }).find().find({ y: 2 });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, {x:1,y:2});
+    });
+
+    it('merges other queries', function() {
+      var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery' });
+      m.tailable();
+      m.select('_id');
+      var a = mquery().find(m);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._conditions, m._conditions);
+      assert.deepEqual(a.options, m.options);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._fields, m._fields);
+    });
+
+    describe('executes', function() {
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: 'mquery' }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ name: 'mquery' }, done);
+      });
+
+      it('when criteria is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        mquery(col).find({ name: 'mquery' }, function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(1, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      it('when Query is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery' });
+        mquery(col).find(m, function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(1, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      it('when just a callback is passed', function(done) {
+        mquery({ name: 'mquery' }).collection(col).find(function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(1, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findOne', function() {
+    describe('with no callback', function() {
+      it('does not execute', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.findOne();
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.findOne({ x: 1 });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var n = m.findOne({ x: 1 }).findOne().findOne({ y: 2 });
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, {x:1,y:2});
+      assert.equal('findOne', m.op);
+    });
+
+    it('merges other queries', function() {
+      var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery' });
+      m.read('nearest');
+      m.select('_id');
+      var a = mquery().findOne(m);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._conditions, m._conditions);
+      assert.deepEqual(a.options, m.options);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._fields, m._fields);
+    });
+
+    describe('executes', function() {
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: 'mquery findone' }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ name: 'mquery findone' }, done);
+      });
+
+      it('when criteria is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        mquery(col).findOne({ name: 'mquery findone' }, function(err, doc) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(doc);
+          assert.equal('mquery findone', doc.name);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      it('when Query is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ name: 'mquery findone' });
+        mquery(col).findOne(m, function(err, doc) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(doc);
+          assert.equal('mquery findone', doc.name);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      it('when just a callback is passed', function(done) {
+        mquery({ name: 'mquery findone' }).collection(col).findOne(function(err, doc) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(doc);
+          assert.equal('mquery findone', doc.name);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('count', function() {
+    describe('with no callback', function() {
+      it('does not execute', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.count();
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.count({ x: 1 });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      var n = m.count({ x: 1 }).count().count({ y: 2 });
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, {x:1,y:2});
+      assert.equal('count', m.op);
+    });
+
+    it('merges other queries', function() {
+      var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery' });
+      m.read('nearest');
+      m.select('_id');
+      var a = mquery().count(m);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._conditions, m._conditions);
+      assert.deepEqual(a.options, m.options);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._fields, m._fields);
+    });
+
+    describe('executes', function() {
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: 'mquery count' }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ name: 'mquery count' }, done);
+      });
+
+      it('when criteria is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        mquery(col).count({ name: 'mquery count' }, function(err, count) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(count);
+          assert.ok(1 === count);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      it('when Query is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery count' });
+        mquery(col).count(m, function(err, count) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(count);
+          assert.ok(1 === count);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      it('when just a callback is passed', function(done) {
+        mquery({ name: 'mquery count' }).collection(col).count(function(err, count) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(1 === count);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('validates its option', function() {
+      it('sort', function(done) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().sort('x').count();
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('select', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().select('x').count();
+        }, /field selection and slice cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('slice', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().where('x').slice(-3).count();
+        }, /field selection and slice cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('limit', function(done) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().limit(3).count();
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('skip', function(done) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().skip(3).count();
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('batchSize', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery({}, { batchSize: 3 }).count();
+        }, /batchSize cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('comment', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().comment('mquery').count();
+        }, /comment cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('maxScan', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().maxScan(300).count();
+        }, /maxScan cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('snapshot', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().snapshot().count();
+        }, /snapshot cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('tailable', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().tailable().count();
+        }, /tailable cannot be used with count/);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('distinct', function() {
+    describe('with no callback', function() {
+      it('does not execute', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.distinct();
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.distinct('name');
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.distinct({ name: 'mquery distinct' });
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.distinct({ name: 'mquery distinct' }, 'name');
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery({x:1}).distinct('name');
+      var n = m.distinct({y:2});
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+      assert.deepEqual(n._conditions, {x:1, y:2});
+      assert.equal('name', n._distinct);
+      assert.equal('distinct', n.op);
+    });
+
+    it('overwrites field', function() {
+      var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery' }).distinct('name');
+      m.distinct('rename');
+      assert.equal(m._distinct, 'rename');
+      m.distinct({x:1}, 'renamed');
+      assert.equal(m._distinct, 'renamed');
+    });
+
+    it('merges other queries', function() {
+      var m = mquery().distinct({ name: 'mquery' }, 'age');
+      m.read('nearest');
+      var a = mquery().distinct(m);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._conditions, m._conditions);
+      assert.deepEqual(a.options, m.options);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._fields, m._fields);
+      assert.deepEqual(a._distinct, m._distinct);
+    });
+
+    describe('executes', function() {
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: 'mquery distinct', age: 1 }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ name: 'mquery distinct' }, done);
+      });
+
+      it('when distinct arg is passed with a callback', function(done) {
+        mquery(col).distinct('distinct', function(err, doc) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(doc);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+      describe('when criteria is passed with a callback', function() {
+        it('if distinct arg was declared', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).distinct('age').distinct({ name: 'mquery distinct' }, function(err, doc) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(doc);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        it('but not if distinct arg was not declared', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery(col).distinct({ name: 'mquery distinct' }, function() {});
+          }, /No value for `distinct`/);
+        });
+      });
+      describe('when Query is passed with a callback', function() {
+        var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery distinct' });
+        it('if distinct arg was declared', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).distinct('age').distinct(m, function(err, doc) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(doc);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        it('but not if distinct arg was not declared', function() {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery(col).distinct(m, function() {});
+          }, /No value for `distinct`/);
+        });
+      });
+      describe('when just a callback is passed', function() {
+        it('if distinct arg was declared', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery({ name: 'mquery distinct' });
+          m.collection(col);
+          m.distinct('age');
+          m.distinct(function(err, doc) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(doc);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+        it('but not if no distinct arg was declared', function() {
+          var m = mquery();
+          m.collection(col);
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            m.distinct(function() {});
+          }, /No value for `distinct`/);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('validates its option', function() {
+      it('sort', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().sort('x').distinct();
+        }, /sort cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('select', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().select('x').distinct();
+        }, /field selection and slice cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('slice', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().where('x').slice(-3).distinct();
+        }, /field selection and slice cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('limit', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().limit(3).distinct();
+        }, /limit cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('skip', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().skip(3).distinct();
+        }, /skip cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('batchSize', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery({}, { batchSize: 3 }).distinct();
+        }, /batchSize cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('comment', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().comment('mquery').distinct();
+        }, /comment cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('maxScan', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().maxScan(300).distinct();
+        }, /maxScan cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('snapshot', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().snapshot().distinct();
+        }, /snapshot cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('hint', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().hint({ x: 1 }).distinct();
+        }, /hint cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('tailable', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().tailable().distinct();
+        }, /tailable cannot be used with distinct/);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('update', function() {
+    describe('with no callback', function() {
+      it('does not execute', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.update({ name: 'old' }, { name: 'updated' }, { multi: true });
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.update({ name: 'old' }, { name: 'updated' });
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.update({ name: 'updated' });
+        });
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          m.update();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('is chainable', function() {
+      var m = mquery({x:1}).update({ y: 2 });
+      var n = m.where({y:2});
+      assert.equal(m, n);
+      assert.deepEqual(n._conditions, {x:1, y:2});
+      assert.deepEqual({ y: 2 }, n._update);
+      assert.equal('update', n.op);
+    });
+
+    it('merges update doc arg', function() {
+      var a = [1,2];
+      var m = mquery().where({ name: 'mquery' }).update({ x: 'stuff', a: a });
+      m.update({ z: 'stuff' });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._update, { z: 'stuff', x: 'stuff', a: a });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { name: 'mquery' });
+      assert.ok(!m.options.overwrite);
+      m.update({}, { z: 'renamed' }, { overwrite: true });
+      assert.ok(m.options.overwrite === true);
+      assert.deepEqual(m._conditions, { name: 'mquery' });
+      assert.deepEqual(m._update, { z: 'renamed', x: 'stuff', a: a });
+      a.push(3);
+      assert.notDeepEqual(m._update, { z: 'renamed', x: 'stuff', a: a });
+    });
+
+    it('merges other options', function() {
+      var m = mquery();
+      m.setOptions({ overwrite: true });
+      m.update({ age: 77 }, { name: 'pagemill' }, { multi: true });
+      assert.deepEqual({ age: 77 }, m._conditions);
+      assert.deepEqual({ name: 'pagemill' }, m._update);
+      assert.deepEqual({ overwrite: true, multi: true }, m.options);
+    });
+
+    describe('executes', function() {
+      var id;
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: 'mquery update', age: 1 }, { safe: true }, function(err, res) {
+          id = res.insertedIds[0];
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ _id: id }, done);
+      });
+
+      describe('when conds + doc + opts + callback passed', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.update({}, { name: 'Sparky' }, { safe: true }, function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(res.result.n, 1);
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(doc.name, 'Sparky');
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when conds + doc + callback passed', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).update({ _id: id }, { name: 'fairgrounds' }, function(err, num) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(1, num);
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(doc.name, 'fairgrounds');
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when doc + callback passed', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id }).update({ name: 'changed' }, function(err, num) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(1, num);
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(doc.name, 'changed');
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when just callback passed', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.setOptions({ safe: true });
+          m.update({ name: 'Frankenweenie' });
+          m.update(function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(res.result.n, 1);
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(doc.name, 'Frankenweenie');
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('without a callback', function() {
+        it('when forced by exec()', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.setOptions({ safe: true, multi: true });
+          m.update({ name: 'forced' });
+
+          var update = m._collection.update;
+          m._collection.update = function(conds, doc, opts) {
+            m._collection.update = update;
+
+            assert.ok(opts.safe);
+            assert.ok(true === opts.multi);
+            assert.equal('forced', doc.$set.name);
+            done();
+          };
+
+          m.exec();
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('except when update doc is empty and missing overwrite flag', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.setOptions({ safe: true });
+          m.update({ }, function(err, num) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(0 === num);
+            setTimeout(function() {
+              m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+                assert.ifError(err);
+                assert.equal(3, mquery.utils.keys(doc).length);
+                assert.equal(id, doc._id.toString());
+                assert.equal('Frankenweenie', doc.name);
+                done();
+              });
+            }, 300);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when update doc is set with overwrite flag', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.setOptions({ safe: true, overwrite: true });
+          m.update({ all: 'yep', two: 2 }, function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(res.result.n, 1);
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(3, mquery.utils.keys(doc).length);
+              assert.equal('yep', doc.all);
+              assert.equal(2, doc.two);
+              assert.equal(id, doc._id.toString());
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when update doc is empty with overwrite flag', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.setOptions({ safe: true, overwrite: true });
+          m.update({ }, function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(res.result.n, 1);
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(1, mquery.utils.keys(doc).length);
+              assert.equal(id, doc._id.toString());
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when boolean (true) - exec()', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery(col).where({ _id: id });
+          m.update({ name: 'bool' }).update(true);
+          setTimeout(function() {
+            m.findOne(function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.ok(doc);
+              assert.equal('bool', doc.name);
+              done();
+            });
+          }, 300);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('remove', function() {
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      var name = 'remove: no args test';
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ name: name }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+
+      it('does not execute', function(done) {
+        var remove = col.remove;
+        col.remove = function() {
+          col.remove = remove;
+          done(new Error('remove executed!'));
+        };
+
+        mquery(col).where({ name: name }).remove();
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          col.remove = remove;
+          done();
+        }, 10);
+      });
+
+      it('chains', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        assert.equal(m, m.remove());
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 1 argument', function() {
+      var name = 'remove: 1 arg test';
+      before(function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+      after(function(done) {
+        col.remove({ name: name }, { safe: true }, done);
+      });
+
+      describe('that is a', function() {
+        it('plain object', function() {
+          var m = mquery(col).remove({ name: 'Whiskers' });
+          m.remove({ color: '#fff' });
+          assert.deepEqual({ name: 'Whiskers', color: '#fff' }, m._conditions);
+        });
+
+        it('query', function() {
+          var q = mquery({ color: '#fff' });
+          var m = mquery(col).remove({ name: 'Whiskers' });
+          m.remove(q);
+          assert.deepEqual({ name: 'Whiskers', color: '#fff' }, m._conditions);
+        });
+
+        it('function', function(done) {
+          mquery(col, { safe: true }).where({name: name}).remove(function(err) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            mquery(col).findOne({ name: name }, function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(null, doc);
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+
+        it('boolean (true) - execute', function(done) {
+          col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, function(err) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            mquery(col).findOne({ name: name }, function(err, doc) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.ok(doc);
+              mquery(col).remove(true);
+              setTimeout(function() {
+                mquery(col).find(function(err, docs) {
+                  assert.ifError(err);
+                  assert.ok(docs);
+                  assert.equal(0, docs.length);
+                  done();
+                });
+              }, 300);
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with 2 arguments', function() {
+      var name = 'remove: 2 arg test';
+      beforeEach(function(done) {
+        col.remove({}, { safe: true }, function(err) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          col.insert([{ name: 'shelly' }, { name: name }], { safe: true }, function(err) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            mquery(col).find(function(err, docs) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('plain object + callback', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).remove({ name: name }, function(err) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            mquery(col).find(function(err, docs) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.ok(docs);
+              assert.equal(1, docs.length);
+              assert.equal('shelly', docs[0].name);
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('mquery + callback', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          var m = mquery({ name: name });
+          mquery(col).remove(m, function(err) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            mquery(col).find(function(err, docs) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.ok(docs);
+              assert.equal(1, docs.length);
+              assert.equal('shelly', docs[0].name);
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  function validateFindAndModifyOptions(method) {
+    describe('validates its option', function() {
+      it('sort', function(done) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().sort('x')[method]();
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('select', function(done) {
+        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+          mquery().select('x')[method]();
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('limit', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().limit(3)[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('limit cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('skip', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().skip(3)[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('skip cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('batchSize', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery({}, { batchSize: 3 })[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('batchSize cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('maxScan', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().maxScan(300)[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('maxScan cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('snapshot', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().snapshot()[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('snapshot cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('hint', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().hint({ x: 1 })[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('hint cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('tailable', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().tailable()[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('tailable cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+
+      it('comment', function(done) {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          mquery().comment('mquery')[method]();
+        }, new RegExp('comment cannot be used with ' + method));
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  describe('findOneAndUpdate', function() {
+    var name = 'findOneAndUpdate + fn';
+
+    validateFindAndModifyOptions('findOneAndUpdate');
+
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('makes no changes', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        var n = m.findOneAndUpdate();
+        assert.deepEqual(m, n);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 1 arg', function() {
+      describe('that is an object', function() {
+        it('updates the doc', function() {
+          var m = mquery();
+          var n = m.findOneAndUpdate({ $set: { name: '1 arg' }});
+          assert.deepEqual(n._update, { $set: { name: '1 arg' }});
+        });
+      });
+      describe('that is a query', function() {
+        it('updates the doc', function() {
+          var m = mquery({ name: name }).update({ x: 1 });
+          var n = mquery().findOneAndUpdate(m);
+          assert.deepEqual(n._update, { x: 1 });
+        });
+      });
+      it('that is a function', function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, function(err) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          var m = mquery({ name: name }).collection(col);
+          name = '1 arg';
+          var n = m.update({ $set: { name: name }});
+          n.findOneAndUpdate(function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(res.value);
+            assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 2 args', function() {
+      it('conditions + update', function() {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndUpdate({ name: name }, { age: 100 });
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: name }, m._conditions);
+        assert.deepEqual({ age: 100 }, m._update);
+      });
+      it('query + update', function() {
+        var n = mquery({ name: name });
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndUpdate(n, { age: 100 });
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: name }, m._conditions);
+        assert.deepEqual({ age: 100 }, m._update);
+      });
+      it('update + callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ name: name });
+        m.findOneAndUpdate({}, { $inc: { age: 10 }}, { new: true }, function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(10, res.value.age);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 3 args', function() {
+      it('conditions + update + options', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        var n = m.findOneAndUpdate({ name: name }, { works: true }, { new: false });
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: name}, n._conditions);
+        assert.deepEqual({ works: true }, n._update);
+        assert.deepEqual({ new: false }, n.options);
+      });
+      it('conditions + update + callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndUpdate({ name: name }, { works: true }, { new: true }, function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(res.value);
+          assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+          assert.ok(true === res.value.works);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 4 args', function() {
+      it('conditions + update + options + callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndUpdate({ name: name }, { works: false }, { new: false }, function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.ok(res.value);
+          assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+          assert.ok(true === res.value.works);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findOneAndRemove', function() {
+    var name = 'findOneAndRemove';
+
+    validateFindAndModifyOptions('findOneAndRemove');
+
+    describe('with 0 args', function() {
+      it('makes no changes', function() {
+        var m = mquery();
+        var n = m.findOneAndRemove();
+        assert.deepEqual(m, n);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 1 arg', function() {
+      describe('that is an object', function() {
+        it('updates the doc', function() {
+          var m = mquery();
+          var n = m.findOneAndRemove({ name: '1 arg' });
+          assert.deepEqual(n._conditions, { name: '1 arg' });
+        });
+      });
+      describe('that is a query', function() {
+        it('updates the doc', function() {
+          var m = mquery({ name: name });
+          var n = m.findOneAndRemove(m);
+          assert.deepEqual(n._conditions, { name: name });
+        });
+      });
+      it('that is a function', function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, function(err) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          var m = mquery({ name: name }).collection(col);
+          m.findOneAndRemove(function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(res.value);
+            assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 2 args', function() {
+      it('conditions + options', function() {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndRemove({ name: name }, { new: false });
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: name }, m._conditions);
+        assert.deepEqual({ new: false }, m.options);
+      });
+      it('query + options', function() {
+        var n = mquery({ name: name });
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndRemove(n, { sort: { x: 1 }});
+        assert.deepEqual({ name: name }, m._conditions);
+        assert.deepEqual({ sort: { 'x': 1 }}, m.options);
+      });
+      it('conditions + callback', function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, function(err) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          var m = mquery(col);
+          m.findOneAndRemove({ name: name }, function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+      it('query + callback', function(done) {
+        col.insert({ name: name }, { safe: true }, function(err) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          var n = mquery({ name: name });
+          var m = mquery(col);
+          m.findOneAndRemove(n, function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    describe('with 3 args', function() {
+      it('conditions + options + callback', function(done) {
+        name = 'findOneAndRemove + conds + options + cb';
+        col.insert([{ name: name }, { name: 'a' }], { safe: true }, function(err) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          var m = mquery(col);
+          m.findOneAndRemove({ name: name }, { sort: { name: 1 }}, function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.ok(res.value);
+            assert.equal(name, res.value.name);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('exec', function() {
+    beforeEach(function(done) {
+      col.insert([{ name: 'exec', age: 1 }, { name: 'exec', age: 2 }], done);
+    });
+
+    afterEach(function(done) {
+      mquery(col).remove(done);
+    });
+
+    it('requires an op', function() {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().exec();
+      }, /Missing query type/);
+    });
+
+    describe('find', function() {
+      it('works', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).find({ name: 'exec' });
+        m.exec(function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('works with readPreferences', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).find({ name: 'exec' });
+        try {
+          var rp = new require('mongodb').ReadPreference('primary');
+          m.read(rp);
+        } catch (e) {
+          done(e.code === 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND' ? null : e);
+          return;
+        }
+        m.exec(function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('works with hint', function(done) {
+        mquery(col).hint({ _id: 1 }).find({ name: 'exec' }).exec(function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+
+          mquery(col).hint('_id_').find({ age: 1 }).exec(function(err, docs) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(1, docs.length);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('works with readConcern', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).find({ name: 'exec' });
+        m.readConcern('l');
+        m.exec(function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('works with collation', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).find({ name: 'EXEC' });
+        m.collation({ locale: 'en_US', strength: 1 });
+        m.exec(function(err, docs) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('findOne', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery(col).findOne({ age: 2 });
+      m.exec(function(err, doc) {
+        assert.ifError(err);
+        assert.equal(2, doc.age);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('count', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery(col).count({ name: 'exec' });
+      m.exec(function(err, count) {
+        assert.ifError(err);
+        assert.equal(2, count);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('distinct', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery({ name: 'exec' });
+      m.collection(col);
+      m.distinct('age');
+      m.exec(function(err, array) {
+        assert.ifError(err);
+        assert.ok(Array.isArray(array));
+        assert.equal(2, array.length);
+        assert(~array.indexOf(1));
+        assert(~array.indexOf(2));
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('update', function() {
+      var num;
+
+      it('with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.where({ name: 'exec' });
+
+        m.count(function(err, _num) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          num = _num;
+          m.setOptions({ multi: true });
+          m.update({ name: 'exec + update' });
+          m.exec(function(err, res) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(num, res.result.n);
+            mquery(col).find({ name: 'exec + update' }, function(err, docs) {
+              assert.ifError(err);
+              assert.equal(num, docs.length);
+              done();
+            });
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('updateMany', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).updateMany({ name: 'exec' }, { name: 'test' }).
+            exec(function(error) {
+              assert.ifError(error);
+              mquery(col).count({ name: 'test' }).exec(function(error, res) {
+                assert.ifError(error);
+                assert.equal(res, 2);
+                done();
+              });
+            });
+        });
+        it('works with write concern', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).updateMany({ name: 'exec' }, { name: 'test' })
+            .w(1).j(true).wtimeout(1000)
+            .exec(function(error) {
+              assert.ifError(error);
+              mquery(col).count({ name: 'test' }).exec(function(error, res) {
+                assert.ifError(error);
+                assert.equal(res, 2);
+                done();
+              });
+            });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('updateOne', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).updateOne({ name: 'exec' }, { name: 'test' }).
+            exec(function(error) {
+              assert.ifError(error);
+              mquery(col).count({ name: 'test' }).exec(function(error, res) {
+                assert.ifError(error);
+                assert.equal(res, 1);
+                done();
+              });
+            });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('replaceOne', function() {
+        it('works', function(done) {
+          mquery(col).replaceOne({ name: 'exec' }, { name: 'test' }).
+            exec(function(error) {
+              assert.ifError(error);
+              mquery(col).findOne({ name: 'test' }).exec(function(error, res) {
+                assert.ifError(error);
+                assert.equal(res.name, 'test');
+                assert.ok(res.age == null);
+                done();
+              });
+            });
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('without a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.where({ name: 'exec + update' }).setOptions({ multi: true });
+        m.update({ name: 'exec' });
+
+        // unsafe write
+        m.exec();
+
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          mquery(col).find({ name: 'exec' }, function(err, docs) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(2, docs.length);
+            done();
+          });
+        }, 200);
+      });
+      it('preserves key ordering', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+
+        var m2 = m.update({ _id : 'something' }, { '1' : 1, '2' : 2, '3' : 3});
+        var doc = m2._updateForExec().$set;
+        var count = 0;
+        for (var i in doc) {
+          if (count == 0) {
+            assert.equal('1', i);
+          } else if (count == 1) {
+            assert.equal('2', i);
+          } else if (count == 2) {
+            assert.equal('3', i);
+          }
+          count++;
+        }
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('remove', function() {
+      it('with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ age: 2 }).remove();
+        m.exec(function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(1, res.result.n);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('without a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ age: 1 }).remove();
+        m.exec();
+
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          mquery(col).where('name', 'exec').count(function(err, num) {
+            assert.equal(1, num);
+            done();
+          });
+        }, 200);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('deleteOne', function() {
+      it('with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ age: { $gte: 0 } }).deleteOne();
+        m.exec(function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(res.result.n, 1);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('with justOne set', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ age: { $gte: 0 } }).
+          // Should ignore `justOne`
+          setOptions({ justOne: false }).
+          deleteOne();
+        m.exec(function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(res.result.n, 1);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('deleteMany', function() {
+      it('with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col).where({ age: { $gte: 0 } }).deleteMany();
+        m.exec(function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal(res.result.n, 2);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('findOneAndUpdate', function() {
+      it('with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndUpdate({ name: 'exec', age: 1 }, { $set: { name: 'findOneAndUpdate' }});
+        m.exec(function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal('findOneAndUpdate', res.value.name);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('findOneAndRemove', function() {
+      it('with a callback', function(done) {
+        var m = mquery(col);
+        m.findOneAndRemove({ name: 'exec', age: 2 });
+        m.exec(function(err, res) {
+          assert.ifError(err);
+          assert.equal('exec', res.value.name);
+          assert.equal(2, res.value.age);
+          mquery(col).count({ name: 'exec' }, function(err, num) {
+            assert.ifError(err);
+            assert.equal(1, num);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setTraceFunction', function() {
+    beforeEach(function(done) {
+      col.insert([{ name: 'trace', age: 93 }], done);
+    });
+
+    it('calls trace function when executing query', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery(col);
+
+      var resultTraceCalled;
+
+      m.setTraceFunction(function(method, queryInfo) {
+        try {
+          assert.equal('findOne', method);
+          assert.equal('trace', queryInfo.conditions.name);
+        } catch (e) {
+          done(e);
+        }
+
+        return function(err, result, millis) {
+          try {
+            assert.equal(93, result.age);
+            assert.ok(typeof millis === 'number');
+          } catch (e) {
+            done(e);
+          }
+          resultTraceCalled = true;
+        };
+      });
+
+      m.findOne({name: 'trace'}, function(err, doc) {
+        assert.ifError(err);
+        assert.equal(resultTraceCalled, true);
+        assert.equal(93, doc.age);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('inherits trace function when calling toConstructor', function(done) {
+      function traceFunction() { return function() {}; }
+
+      var tracedQuery = mquery().setTraceFunction(traceFunction).toConstructor();
+
+      var query = tracedQuery();
+      assert.equal(traceFunction, query._traceFunction);
+
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('thunk', function() {
+    it('returns a function', function(done) {
+      assert.equal('function', typeof mquery().thunk());
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('passes the fn arg to `exec`', function(done) {
+      function cb() {}
+      var m = mquery();
+
+      m.exec = function testing(fn) {
+        assert.equal(this, m);
+        assert.equal(cb, fn);
+        done();
+      };
+
+      m.thunk()(cb);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('then', function() {
+    before(function(done) {
+      col.insert([{ name: 'then', age: 1 }, { name: 'then', age: 2 }], done);
+    });
+
+    after(function(done) {
+      mquery(col).remove({ name: 'then' }).exec(done);
+    });
+
+    it('returns a promise A+ compat object', function(done) {
+      var m = mquery(col).find();
+      assert.equal('function', typeof m.then);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('creates a promise that is resolved on success', function(done) {
+      var promise = mquery(col).count({ name: 'then' }).then();
+      promise.then(function(count) {
+        assert.equal(2, count);
+        done();
+      }, done);
+    });
+
+    it('supports exec() cb being called synchronously #66', function(done) {
+      var query = mquery(col).count({ name: 'then' });
+      query.exec = function(cb) {
+        cb(null, 66);
+      };
+
+      query.then(success, done);
+      function success(count) {
+        assert.equal(66, count);
+        done();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('supports other Promise libs', function(done) {
+      var bluebird = mquery.Promise;
+
+      // hack for testing
+      mquery.Promise = function P() {
+        mquery.Promise = bluebird;
+        this.then = function(x, y) {
+          return x + y;
+        };
+      };
+
+      var val = mquery(col).count({ name: 'exec' }).then(1, 2);
+      assert.equal(val, 3);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('stream', function() {
+    before(function(done) {
+      col.insert([{ name: 'stream', age: 1 }, { name: 'stream', age: 2 }], done);
+    });
+
+    after(function(done) {
+      mquery(col).remove({ name: 'stream' }).exec(done);
+    });
+
+    describe('throws', function() {
+      describe('if used with non-find operations', function() {
+        var ops = ['update', 'findOneAndUpdate', 'remove', 'count', 'distinct'];
+
+        ops.forEach(function(op) {
+          assert.throws(function() {
+            mquery(col)[op]().stream();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns a stream', function(done) {
+      var stream = mquery(col).find({ name: 'stream' }).stream();
+      var count = 0;
+      var err;
+
+      stream.on('data', function(doc) {
+        assert.equal('stream', doc.name);
+        ++count;
+      });
+
+      stream.on('error', function(er) {
+        err = er;
+      });
+
+      stream.on('end', function() {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        assert.equal(2, count);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  function noDistinct(type) {
+    it('cannot be used with distinct()', function(done) {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery().distinct('name')[type](4);
+      }, new RegExp(type + ' cannot be used with distinct'));
+      done();
+    });
+  }
+
+  function no(method, type) {
+    it('cannot be used with ' + method + '()', function(done) {
+      assert.throws(function() {
+        mquery()[method]()[type](4);
+      }, new RegExp(type + ' cannot be used with ' + method));
+      done();
+    });
+  }
+
+  // query internal
+
+  describe('_updateForExec', function() {
+    it('returns a clone of the update object with same key order #19', function(done) {
+      var update = {};
+      update.$push = { n: { $each: [{x:10}], $slice: -1, $sort: {x:1}}};
+
+      var q = mquery().update({ x: 1 }, update);
+
+      // capture original key order
+      var order = [];
+      var key;
+      for (key in q._update.$push.n) {
+        order.push(key);
+      }
+
+      // compare output
+      var doc = q._updateForExec();
+      var i = 0;
+      for (key in doc.$push.n) {
+        assert.equal(key, order[i]);
+        i++;
+      }
+
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/utils.test.js b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/utils.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..949da4ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/mquery/test/utils.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var utils = require('../lib/utils');
+var assert = require('assert');
+var debug = require('debug');
+
+var mongo;
+try {
+  mongo = new require('mongodb');
+} catch (e) {
+  debug('mongo', 'cannot construct mongodb instance');
+}
+
+describe('lib/utils', function() {
+  describe('clone', function() {
+    it('clones constructors named ObjectId', function(done) {
+      function ObjectId(id) {
+        this.id = id;
+      }
+
+      var o1 = new ObjectId('1234');
+      var o2 = utils.clone(o1);
+      assert.ok(o2 instanceof ObjectId);
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('clones constructors named ObjectID', function(done) {
+      function ObjectID(id) {
+        this.id = id;
+      }
+
+      var o1 = new ObjectID('1234');
+      var o2 = utils.clone(o1);
+
+      assert.ok(o2 instanceof ObjectID);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('does not clone constructors named ObjectIdd', function(done) {
+      function ObjectIdd(id) {
+        this.id = id;
+      }
+
+      var o1 = new ObjectIdd('1234');
+      var o2 = utils.clone(o1);
+      assert.ok(!(o2 instanceof ObjectIdd));
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('optionally clones ObjectId constructors using its clone method', function(done) {
+      function ObjectID(id) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.cloned = false;
+      }
+
+      ObjectID.prototype.clone = function() {
+        var ret = new ObjectID(this.id);
+        ret.cloned = true;
+        return ret;
+      };
+
+      var id = 1234;
+      var o1 = new ObjectID(id);
+      assert.equal(id, o1.id);
+      assert.equal(false, o1.cloned);
+
+      var o2 = utils.clone(o1);
+      assert.ok(o2 instanceof ObjectID);
+      assert.equal(id, o2.id);
+      assert.ok(o2.cloned);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('clones mongodb.ReadPreferences', function(done) {
+      if (!mongo) return done();
+
+      var tags = [
+        {dc: 'tag1'}
+      ];
+      var prefs = [
+        new mongo.ReadPreference('primary'),
+        new mongo.ReadPreference(mongo.ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED),
+        new mongo.ReadPreference('secondary', tags)
+      ];
+
+      var prefsCloned = utils.clone(prefs);
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < prefsCloned.length; i++) {
+        assert.notEqual(prefs[i], prefsCloned[i]);
+        if (prefs[i].tags) {
+          assert.ok(prefsCloned[i].tags);
+          assert.notEqual(prefs[i].tags, prefsCloned[i].tags);
+          assert.notEqual(prefs[i].tags[0], prefsCloned[i].tags[0]);
+        } else {
+          assert.equal(prefsCloned[i].tags, null);
+        }
+      }
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('clones mongodb.Binary', function(done) {
+      if (!mongo) return done();
+      var buf = Buffer.from('hi');
+      var binary = new mongo.Binary(buf, 2);
+      var clone = utils.clone(binary);
+      assert.equal(binary.sub_type, clone.sub_type);
+      assert.equal(String(binary.buffer), String(buf));
+      assert.ok(binary !== clone);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('handles objects with no constructor', function(done) {
+      var name = '335';
+
+      var o = Object.create(null);
+      o.name = name;
+
+      var clone;
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
+        clone = utils.clone(o);
+      });
+
+      assert.equal(name, clone.name);
+      assert.ok(o != clone);
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('handles buffers', function(done) {
+      var buff = Buffer.alloc(10);
+      buff.fill(1);
+      var clone = utils.clone(buff);
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < buff.length; i++) {
+        assert.equal(buff[i], clone[i]);
+      }
+
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('skips __proto__', function() {
+      var payload = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"polluted": "vulnerable"}}');
+      var res = utils.clone(payload);
+
+      assert.strictEqual({}.polluted, void 0);
+      assert.strictEqual(res.__proto__, Object.prototype);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('merge', function() {
+    it('avoids prototype pollution', function() {
+      var payload = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"polluted": "vulnerable"}}');
+      var obj = {};
+      utils.merge(obj, payload);
+
+      assert.strictEqual({}.polluted, void 0);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ms/index.js b/backend/node_modules/ms/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a522b16b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ms/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isNaN(val) === false) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^((?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  if (ms >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (ms >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (ms >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (ms >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  return plural(ms, d, 'day') ||
+    plural(ms, h, 'hour') ||
+    plural(ms, m, 'minute') ||
+    plural(ms, s, 'second') ||
+    ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, n, name) {
+  if (ms < n) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ms < n * 1.5) {
+    return Math.floor(ms / n) + ' ' + name;
+  }
+  return Math.ceil(ms / n) + ' ' + name + 's';
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ms/license.md b/backend/node_modules/ms/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b61253a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ms/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Zeit, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ms/package.json b/backend/node_modules/ms/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a79111d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ms/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ms@2.0.0",
+  "_id": "ms@2.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-VgiurfwAvmwpAd9fmGF4jeDVl8g=",
+  "_location": "/ms",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ms@2.0.0",
+    "name": "ms",
+    "escapedName": "ms",
+    "rawSpec": "2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/debug"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "5608aeadfc00be6c2901df5f9861788de0d597c8",
+  "_spec": "ms@2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\debug",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/zeit/ms/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Tiny milisecond conversion utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.13.3",
+    "lint-staged": "3.4.1",
+    "mocha": "3.4.1"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/zeit/ms#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "ms",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/zeit/ms.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/ms/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/ms/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84a9974cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/ms/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# ms
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms)
+[![Slack Channel](http://zeit-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://zeit.chat/)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+```
+
+### Convert from milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time format written-out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [node](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser.
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned.
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`).
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent ms is returned.
+
+## Caught a bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, node will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/multer/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dccc7de50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Change log
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+## 1.4.2 - 2019-07-16
+
+- Docs: Add Russian translation for README (#662)
+- Docs: Patch zh-CN README base on newest README (#670)
+- Docs: Fix broken link in Readme (#679)
+- Docs: Fix broken link in Chinese Readme (#730)
+- Docs: Fix typo in Russian README (#738)
+- Docs: Add unit for fieldSize in busboy limit params (#734)
+- Internal: Make unit tests comaptible with Node.js 13.x (#752)
+
+## 1.4.1 - 2018-10-11
+
+- Bugfix: Make sure that req.file.buffer always is a Buffer
+
+## 1.4.0 - 2018-09-26
+
+- Feature: Make Multer errors inherit from MulterError
+
+## 1.3.1 - 2018-06-28
+
+- Bugfix: Bump vulnerable dependency
+
+## 1.3.0 - 2017-01-25
+
+- Feature: Expose preservePath option
+
+## 1.2.1 - 2016-12-14
+
+- Bugfix: Prevent Multiple Errors from Crashing
+
+## 1.2.0 - 2016-08-04
+
+- Feature: add .none() for accepting only fields
+
+## 1.1.0 - 2015-10-23
+
+- Feature: accept any file, regardless of fieldname
+
+## 1.0.6 - 2015-10-03
+
+- Bugfix: always report limit errors
+
+## 1.0.5 - 2015-09-19
+
+- Bugfix: drain the stream before considering request done
+
+## 1.0.4 - 2015-09-19
+
+- Bugfix: propagate all errors from busboy
+
+## 1.0.3 - 2015-08-06
+
+- Bugfix: ensure file order is correct
+
+## 1.0.2 - 2015-08-06
+
+- Bugfix: don't hang when hitting size limit
+
+## 1.0.1 - 2015-07-20
+
+- Bugfix: decrement pending writes on error
+
+## 1.0.0 - 2015-07-18
+
+- Introduce storage engines
+- Specify expected fields
+- Follow the W3C JSON form spec
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/multer/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c011b18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014 Hage Yaapa <[http://www.hacksparrow.com](http://www.hacksparrow.com)>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/README.md b/backend/node_modules/multer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b2920d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# Multer [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/multer.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/multer) [![NPM version](https://badge.fury.io/js/multer.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/js/multer) [![js-standard-style](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-standard-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/feross/standard)
+
+Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`, which is primarily used for uploading files. It is written
+on top of [busboy](https://github.com/mscdex/busboy) for maximum efficiency.
+
+**NOTE**: Multer will not process any form which is not multipart (`multipart/form-data`).
+
+## Translations 
+
+This README is also available in other languages:
+
+- [简体中文](https://github.com/expressjs/multer/blob/master/doc/README-zh-cn.md) (Chinese)
+- [한국어](https://github.com/expressjs/multer/blob/master/doc/README-ko.md) (Korean)
+- [Русский язык](https://github.com/expressjs/multer/blob/master/doc/README-ru.md) (Russian)
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install --save multer
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Multer adds a `body` object and a `file` or `files` object to the `request` object. The `body` object contains the values of the text fields of the form, the `file` or `files` object contains the files uploaded via the form.
+
+Basic usage example:
+
+Don't forget the `enctype="multipart/form-data"` in your form.
+
+```html
+<form action="/profile" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
+  <input type="file" name="avatar" />
+</form>
+```
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var multer  = require('multer')
+var upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' })
+
+var app = express()
+
+app.post('/profile', upload.single('avatar'), function (req, res, next) {
+  // req.file is the `avatar` file
+  // req.body will hold the text fields, if there were any
+})
+
+app.post('/photos/upload', upload.array('photos', 12), function (req, res, next) {
+  // req.files is array of `photos` files
+  // req.body will contain the text fields, if there were any
+})
+
+var cpUpload = upload.fields([{ name: 'avatar', maxCount: 1 }, { name: 'gallery', maxCount: 8 }])
+app.post('/cool-profile', cpUpload, function (req, res, next) {
+  // req.files is an object (String -> Array) where fieldname is the key, and the value is array of files
+  //
+  // e.g.
+  //  req.files['avatar'][0] -> File
+  //  req.files['gallery'] -> Array
+  //
+  // req.body will contain the text fields, if there were any
+})
+```
+
+In case you need to handle a text-only multipart form, you should use the `.none()` method:
+
+```javascript
+var express = require('express')
+var app = express()
+var multer  = require('multer')
+var upload = multer()
+
+app.post('/profile', upload.none(), function (req, res, next) {
+  // req.body contains the text fields
+})
+```
+
+## API
+
+### File information
+
+Each file contains the following information:
+
+Key | Description | Note
+--- | --- | ---
+`fieldname` | Field name specified in the form |
+`originalname` | Name of the file on the user's computer |
+`encoding` | Encoding type of the file |
+`mimetype` | Mime type of the file |
+`size` | Size of the file in bytes |
+`destination` | The folder to which the file has been saved | `DiskStorage`
+`filename` | The name of the file within the `destination` | `DiskStorage`
+`path` | The full path to the uploaded file | `DiskStorage`
+`buffer` | A `Buffer` of the entire file | `MemoryStorage`
+
+### `multer(opts)`
+
+Multer accepts an options object, the most basic of which is the `dest`
+property, which tells Multer where to upload the files. In case you omit the
+options object, the files will be kept in memory and never written to disk.
+
+By default, Multer will rename the files so as to avoid naming conflicts. The
+renaming function can be customized according to your needs.
+
+The following are the options that can be passed to Multer.
+
+Key | Description
+--- | ---
+`dest` or `storage` | Where to store the files
+`fileFilter` | Function to control which files are accepted
+`limits` | Limits of the uploaded data
+`preservePath` | Keep the full path of files instead of just the base name
+
+In an average web app, only `dest` might be required, and configured as shown in
+the following example.
+
+```javascript
+var upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' })
+```
+
+If you want more control over your uploads, you'll want to use the `storage`
+option instead of `dest`. Multer ships with storage engines `DiskStorage`
+and `MemoryStorage`; More engines are available from third parties.
+
+#### `.single(fieldname)`
+
+Accept a single file with the name `fieldname`. The single file will be stored
+in `req.file`.
+
+#### `.array(fieldname[, maxCount])`
+
+Accept an array of files, all with the name `fieldname`. Optionally error out if
+more than `maxCount` files are uploaded. The array of files will be stored in
+`req.files`.
+
+#### `.fields(fields)`
+
+Accept a mix of files, specified by `fields`. An object with arrays of files
+will be stored in `req.files`.
+
+`fields` should be an array of objects with `name` and optionally a `maxCount`.
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+[
+  { name: 'avatar', maxCount: 1 },
+  { name: 'gallery', maxCount: 8 }
+]
+```
+
+#### `.none()`
+
+Accept only text fields. If any file upload is made, error with code
+"LIMIT\_UNEXPECTED\_FILE" will be issued.
+
+#### `.any()`
+
+Accepts all files that comes over the wire. An array of files will be stored in
+`req.files`.
+
+**WARNING:** Make sure that you always handle the files that a user uploads.
+Never add multer as a global middleware since a malicious user could upload
+files to a route that you didn't anticipate. Only use this function on routes
+where you are handling the uploaded files.
+
+### `storage`
+
+#### `DiskStorage`
+
+The disk storage engine gives you full control on storing files to disk.
+
+```javascript
+var storage = multer.diskStorage({
+  destination: function (req, file, cb) {
+    cb(null, '/tmp/my-uploads')
+  },
+  filename: function (req, file, cb) {
+    cb(null, file.fieldname + '-' + Date.now())
+  }
+})
+
+var upload = multer({ storage: storage })
+```
+
+There are two options available, `destination` and `filename`. They are both
+functions that determine where the file should be stored.
+
+`destination` is used to determine within which folder the uploaded files should
+be stored. This can also be given as a `string` (e.g. `'/tmp/uploads'`). If no
+`destination` is given, the operating system's default directory for temporary
+files is used.
+
+**Note:** You are responsible for creating the directory when providing
+`destination` as a function. When passing a string, multer will make sure that
+the directory is created for you.
+
+`filename` is used to determine what the file should be named inside the folder.
+If no `filename` is given, each file will be given a random name that doesn't
+include any file extension.
+
+**Note:** Multer will not append any file extension for you, your function
+should return a filename complete with an file extension.
+
+Each function gets passed both the request (`req`) and some information about
+the file (`file`) to aid with the decision.
+
+Note that `req.body` might not have been fully populated yet. It depends on the
+order that the client transmits fields and files to the server.
+
+#### `MemoryStorage`
+
+The memory storage engine stores the files in memory as `Buffer` objects. It
+doesn't have any options.
+
+```javascript
+var storage = multer.memoryStorage()
+var upload = multer({ storage: storage })
+```
+
+When using memory storage, the file info will contain a field called
+`buffer` that contains the entire file.
+
+**WARNING**: Uploading very large files, or relatively small files in large
+numbers very quickly, can cause your application to run out of memory when
+memory storage is used.
+
+### `limits`
+
+An object specifying the size limits of the following optional properties. Multer passes this object into busboy directly, and the details of the properties can be found on [busboy's page](https://github.com/mscdex/busboy#busboy-methods).
+
+The following integer values are available:
+
+Key | Description | Default
+--- | --- | ---
+`fieldNameSize` | Max field name size | 100 bytes
+`fieldSize` | Max field value size (in bytes) | 1MB
+`fields` | Max number of non-file fields | Infinity
+`fileSize` | For multipart forms, the max file size (in bytes) | Infinity
+`files` | For multipart forms, the max number of file fields | Infinity
+`parts` | For multipart forms, the max number of parts (fields + files) | Infinity
+`headerPairs` | For multipart forms, the max number of header key=>value pairs to parse | 2000
+
+Specifying the limits can help protect your site against denial of service (DoS) attacks.
+
+### `fileFilter`
+
+Set this to a function to control which files should be uploaded and which
+should be skipped. The function should look like this:
+
+```javascript
+function fileFilter (req, file, cb) {
+
+  // The function should call `cb` with a boolean
+  // to indicate if the file should be accepted
+
+  // To reject this file pass `false`, like so:
+  cb(null, false)
+
+  // To accept the file pass `true`, like so:
+  cb(null, true)
+
+  // You can always pass an error if something goes wrong:
+  cb(new Error('I don\'t have a clue!'))
+
+}
+```
+
+## Error handling
+
+When encountering an error, Multer will delegate the error to Express. You can
+display a nice error page using [the standard express way](http://expressjs.com/guide/error-handling.html).
+
+If you want to catch errors specifically from Multer, you can call the
+middleware function by yourself. Also, if you want to catch only [the Multer errors](https://github.com/expressjs/multer/blob/master/lib/multer-error.js), you can use the `MulterError` class that is attached to the `multer` object itself (e.g. `err instanceof multer.MulterError`).
+
+```javascript
+var multer = require('multer')
+var upload = multer().single('avatar')
+
+app.post('/profile', function (req, res) {
+  upload(req, res, function (err) {
+    if (err instanceof multer.MulterError) {
+      // A Multer error occurred when uploading.
+    } else if (err) {
+      // An unknown error occurred when uploading.
+    }
+
+    // Everything went fine.
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Custom storage engine
+
+For information on how to build your own storage engine, see [Multer Storage Engine](https://github.com/expressjs/multer/blob/master/StorageEngine.md).
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/index.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5b67eba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+var makeMiddleware = require('./lib/make-middleware')
+
+var diskStorage = require('./storage/disk')
+var memoryStorage = require('./storage/memory')
+var MulterError = require('./lib/multer-error')
+
+function allowAll (req, file, cb) {
+  cb(null, true)
+}
+
+function Multer (options) {
+  if (options.storage) {
+    this.storage = options.storage
+  } else if (options.dest) {
+    this.storage = diskStorage({ destination: options.dest })
+  } else {
+    this.storage = memoryStorage()
+  }
+
+  this.limits = options.limits
+  this.preservePath = options.preservePath
+  this.fileFilter = options.fileFilter || allowAll
+}
+
+Multer.prototype._makeMiddleware = function (fields, fileStrategy) {
+  function setup () {
+    var fileFilter = this.fileFilter
+    var filesLeft = Object.create(null)
+
+    fields.forEach(function (field) {
+      if (typeof field.maxCount === 'number') {
+        filesLeft[field.name] = field.maxCount
+      } else {
+        filesLeft[field.name] = Infinity
+      }
+    })
+
+    function wrappedFileFilter (req, file, cb) {
+      if ((filesLeft[file.fieldname] || 0) <= 0) {
+        return cb(new MulterError('LIMIT_UNEXPECTED_FILE', file.fieldname))
+      }
+
+      filesLeft[file.fieldname] -= 1
+      fileFilter(req, file, cb)
+    }
+
+    return {
+      limits: this.limits,
+      preservePath: this.preservePath,
+      storage: this.storage,
+      fileFilter: wrappedFileFilter,
+      fileStrategy: fileStrategy
+    }
+  }
+
+  return makeMiddleware(setup.bind(this))
+}
+
+Multer.prototype.single = function (name) {
+  return this._makeMiddleware([{ name: name, maxCount: 1 }], 'VALUE')
+}
+
+Multer.prototype.array = function (name, maxCount) {
+  return this._makeMiddleware([{ name: name, maxCount: maxCount }], 'ARRAY')
+}
+
+Multer.prototype.fields = function (fields) {
+  return this._makeMiddleware(fields, 'OBJECT')
+}
+
+Multer.prototype.none = function () {
+  return this._makeMiddleware([], 'NONE')
+}
+
+Multer.prototype.any = function () {
+  function setup () {
+    return {
+      limits: this.limits,
+      preservePath: this.preservePath,
+      storage: this.storage,
+      fileFilter: this.fileFilter,
+      fileStrategy: 'ARRAY'
+    }
+  }
+
+  return makeMiddleware(setup.bind(this))
+}
+
+function multer (options) {
+  if (options === undefined) {
+    return new Multer({})
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'object' && options !== null) {
+    return new Multer(options)
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError('Expected object for argument options')
+}
+
+module.exports = multer
+module.exports.diskStorage = diskStorage
+module.exports.memoryStorage = memoryStorage
+module.exports.MulterError = MulterError
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/counter.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/counter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29c410c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/counter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
+
+function Counter () {
+  EventEmitter.call(this)
+  this.value = 0
+}
+
+Counter.prototype = Object.create(EventEmitter.prototype)
+
+Counter.prototype.increment = function increment () {
+  this.value++
+}
+
+Counter.prototype.decrement = function decrement () {
+  if (--this.value === 0) this.emit('zero')
+}
+
+Counter.prototype.isZero = function isZero () {
+  return (this.value === 0)
+}
+
+Counter.prototype.onceZero = function onceZero (fn) {
+  if (this.isZero()) return fn()
+
+  this.once('zero', fn)
+}
+
+module.exports = Counter
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/file-appender.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/file-appender.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a2c5e76e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/file-appender.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+var objectAssign = require('object-assign')
+
+function arrayRemove (arr, item) {
+  var idx = arr.indexOf(item)
+  if (~idx) arr.splice(idx, 1)
+}
+
+function FileAppender (strategy, req) {
+  this.strategy = strategy
+  this.req = req
+
+  switch (strategy) {
+    case 'NONE': break
+    case 'VALUE': break
+    case 'ARRAY': req.files = []; break
+    case 'OBJECT': req.files = Object.create(null); break
+    default: throw new Error('Unknown file strategy: ' + strategy)
+  }
+}
+
+FileAppender.prototype.insertPlaceholder = function (file) {
+  var placeholder = {
+    fieldname: file.fieldname
+  }
+
+  switch (this.strategy) {
+    case 'NONE': break
+    case 'VALUE': break
+    case 'ARRAY': this.req.files.push(placeholder); break
+    case 'OBJECT':
+      if (this.req.files[file.fieldname]) {
+        this.req.files[file.fieldname].push(placeholder)
+      } else {
+        this.req.files[file.fieldname] = [placeholder]
+      }
+      break
+  }
+
+  return placeholder
+}
+
+FileAppender.prototype.removePlaceholder = function (placeholder) {
+  switch (this.strategy) {
+    case 'NONE': break
+    case 'VALUE': break
+    case 'ARRAY': arrayRemove(this.req.files, placeholder); break
+    case 'OBJECT':
+      if (this.req.files[placeholder.fieldname].length === 1) {
+        delete this.req.files[placeholder.fieldname]
+      } else {
+        arrayRemove(this.req.files[placeholder.fieldname], placeholder)
+      }
+      break
+  }
+}
+
+FileAppender.prototype.replacePlaceholder = function (placeholder, file) {
+  if (this.strategy === 'VALUE') {
+    this.req.file = file
+    return
+  }
+
+  delete placeholder.fieldname
+  objectAssign(placeholder, file)
+}
+
+module.exports = FileAppender
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/make-middleware.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/make-middleware.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a8a522f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/make-middleware.js
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+var is = require('type-is')
+var Busboy = require('busboy')
+var extend = require('xtend')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+var appendField = require('append-field')
+
+var Counter = require('./counter')
+var MulterError = require('./multer-error')
+var FileAppender = require('./file-appender')
+var removeUploadedFiles = require('./remove-uploaded-files')
+
+function drainStream (stream) {
+  stream.on('readable', stream.read.bind(stream))
+}
+
+function makeMiddleware (setup) {
+  return function multerMiddleware (req, res, next) {
+    if (!is(req, ['multipart'])) return next()
+
+    var options = setup()
+
+    var limits = options.limits
+    var storage = options.storage
+    var fileFilter = options.fileFilter
+    var fileStrategy = options.fileStrategy
+    var preservePath = options.preservePath
+
+    req.body = Object.create(null)
+
+    var busboy
+
+    try {
+      busboy = new Busboy({ headers: req.headers, limits: limits, preservePath: preservePath })
+    } catch (err) {
+      return next(err)
+    }
+
+    var appender = new FileAppender(fileStrategy, req)
+    var isDone = false
+    var readFinished = false
+    var errorOccured = false
+    var pendingWrites = new Counter()
+    var uploadedFiles = []
+
+    function done (err) {
+      if (isDone) return
+      isDone = true
+
+      req.unpipe(busboy)
+      drainStream(req)
+      busboy.removeAllListeners()
+
+      onFinished(req, function () { next(err) })
+    }
+
+    function indicateDone () {
+      if (readFinished && pendingWrites.isZero() && !errorOccured) done()
+    }
+
+    function abortWithError (uploadError) {
+      if (errorOccured) return
+      errorOccured = true
+
+      pendingWrites.onceZero(function () {
+        function remove (file, cb) {
+          storage._removeFile(req, file, cb)
+        }
+
+        removeUploadedFiles(uploadedFiles, remove, function (err, storageErrors) {
+          if (err) return done(err)
+
+          uploadError.storageErrors = storageErrors
+          done(uploadError)
+        })
+      })
+    }
+
+    function abortWithCode (code, optionalField) {
+      abortWithError(new MulterError(code, optionalField))
+    }
+
+    // handle text field data
+    busboy.on('field', function (fieldname, value, fieldnameTruncated, valueTruncated) {
+      if (fieldnameTruncated) return abortWithCode('LIMIT_FIELD_KEY')
+      if (valueTruncated) return abortWithCode('LIMIT_FIELD_VALUE', fieldname)
+
+      // Work around bug in Busboy (https://github.com/mscdex/busboy/issues/6)
+      if (limits && limits.hasOwnProperty('fieldNameSize')) {
+        if (fieldname.length > limits.fieldNameSize) return abortWithCode('LIMIT_FIELD_KEY')
+      }
+
+      appendField(req.body, fieldname, value)
+    })
+
+    // handle files
+    busboy.on('file', function (fieldname, fileStream, filename, encoding, mimetype) {
+      // don't attach to the files object, if there is no file
+      if (!filename) return fileStream.resume()
+
+      // Work around bug in Busboy (https://github.com/mscdex/busboy/issues/6)
+      if (limits && limits.hasOwnProperty('fieldNameSize')) {
+        if (fieldname.length > limits.fieldNameSize) return abortWithCode('LIMIT_FIELD_KEY')
+      }
+
+      var file = {
+        fieldname: fieldname,
+        originalname: filename,
+        encoding: encoding,
+        mimetype: mimetype
+      }
+
+      var placeholder = appender.insertPlaceholder(file)
+
+      fileFilter(req, file, function (err, includeFile) {
+        if (err) {
+          appender.removePlaceholder(placeholder)
+          return abortWithError(err)
+        }
+
+        if (!includeFile) {
+          appender.removePlaceholder(placeholder)
+          return fileStream.resume()
+        }
+
+        var aborting = false
+        pendingWrites.increment()
+
+        Object.defineProperty(file, 'stream', {
+          configurable: true,
+          enumerable: false,
+          value: fileStream
+        })
+
+        fileStream.on('error', function (err) {
+          pendingWrites.decrement()
+          abortWithError(err)
+        })
+
+        fileStream.on('limit', function () {
+          aborting = true
+          abortWithCode('LIMIT_FILE_SIZE', fieldname)
+        })
+
+        storage._handleFile(req, file, function (err, info) {
+          if (aborting) {
+            appender.removePlaceholder(placeholder)
+            uploadedFiles.push(extend(file, info))
+            return pendingWrites.decrement()
+          }
+
+          if (err) {
+            appender.removePlaceholder(placeholder)
+            pendingWrites.decrement()
+            return abortWithError(err)
+          }
+
+          var fileInfo = extend(file, info)
+
+          appender.replacePlaceholder(placeholder, fileInfo)
+          uploadedFiles.push(fileInfo)
+          pendingWrites.decrement()
+          indicateDone()
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    busboy.on('error', function (err) { abortWithError(err) })
+    busboy.on('partsLimit', function () { abortWithCode('LIMIT_PART_COUNT') })
+    busboy.on('filesLimit', function () { abortWithCode('LIMIT_FILE_COUNT') })
+    busboy.on('fieldsLimit', function () { abortWithCode('LIMIT_FIELD_COUNT') })
+    busboy.on('finish', function () {
+      readFinished = true
+      indicateDone()
+    })
+
+    req.pipe(busboy)
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = makeMiddleware
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/multer-error.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/multer-error.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f67c637ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/multer-error.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+var util = require('util')
+
+var errorMessages = {
+  'LIMIT_PART_COUNT': 'Too many parts',
+  'LIMIT_FILE_SIZE': 'File too large',
+  'LIMIT_FILE_COUNT': 'Too many files',
+  'LIMIT_FIELD_KEY': 'Field name too long',
+  'LIMIT_FIELD_VALUE': 'Field value too long',
+  'LIMIT_FIELD_COUNT': 'Too many fields',
+  'LIMIT_UNEXPECTED_FILE': 'Unexpected field'
+}
+
+function MulterError (code, field) {
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor)
+  this.name = this.constructor.name
+  this.message = errorMessages[code]
+  this.code = code
+  if (field) this.field = field
+}
+
+util.inherits(MulterError, Error)
+
+module.exports = MulterError
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/remove-uploaded-files.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/remove-uploaded-files.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0b16ea50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/lib/remove-uploaded-files.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+function removeUploadedFiles (uploadedFiles, remove, cb) {
+  var length = uploadedFiles.length
+  var errors = []
+
+  if (length === 0) return cb(null, errors)
+
+  function handleFile (idx) {
+    var file = uploadedFiles[idx]
+
+    remove(file, function (err) {
+      if (err) {
+        err.file = file
+        err.field = file.fieldname
+        errors.push(err)
+      }
+
+      if (idx < length - 1) {
+        handleFile(idx + 1)
+      } else {
+        cb(null, errors)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  handleFile(0)
+}
+
+module.exports = removeUploadedFiles
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcd333f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+basedir=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
+
+case `uname` in
+    *CYGWIN*|*MINGW*|*MSYS*) basedir=`cygpath -w "$basedir"`;;
+esac
+
+if [ -x "$basedir/node" ]; then
+  "$basedir/node"  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+else 
+  node  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" "$@"
+  ret=$?
+fi
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.cmd b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.cmd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2c9350bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO off
+SETLOCAL
+CALL :find_dp0
+
+IF EXIST "%dp0%\node.exe" (
+  SET "_prog=%dp0%\node.exe"
+) ELSE (
+  SET "_prog=node"
+  SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
+)
+
+"%_prog%"  "%dp0%\..\mkdirp\bin\cmd.js" %*
+ENDLOCAL
+EXIT /b %errorlevel%
+:find_dp0
+SET dp0=%~dp0
+EXIT /b
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.ps1 b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35ce69072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/.bin/mkdirp.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+$basedir=Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent
+
+$exe=""
+if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -lt "6.0" -or $IsWindows) {
+  # Fix case when both the Windows and Linux builds of Node
+  # are installed in the same directory
+  $exe=".exe"
+}
+$ret=0
+if (Test-Path "$basedir/node$exe") {
+  & "$basedir/node$exe"  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+} else {
+  & "node$exe"  "$basedir/../mkdirp/bin/cmd.js" $args
+  $ret=$LASTEXITCODE
+}
+exit $ret
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..432d1aeb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Copyright 2010 James Halliday (mail@substack.net)
+
+This project is free software released under the MIT/X11 license:
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/cmd.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/cmd.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d95de15ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/cmd.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+var mkdirp = require('../');
+var minimist = require('minimist');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+var argv = minimist(process.argv.slice(2), {
+    alias: { m: 'mode', h: 'help' },
+    string: [ 'mode' ]
+});
+if (argv.help) {
+    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/usage.txt').pipe(process.stdout);
+    return;
+}
+
+var paths = argv._.slice();
+var mode = argv.mode ? parseInt(argv.mode, 8) : undefined;
+
+(function next () {
+    if (paths.length === 0) return;
+    var p = paths.shift();
+    
+    if (mode === undefined) mkdirp(p, cb)
+    else mkdirp(p, mode, cb)
+    
+    function cb (err) {
+        if (err) {
+            console.error(err.message);
+            process.exit(1);
+        }
+        else next();
+    }
+})();
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/usage.txt b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/usage.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f952aa2c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/bin/usage.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+usage: mkdirp [DIR1,DIR2..] {OPTIONS}
+
+  Create each supplied directory including any necessary parent directories that
+  don't yet exist.
+  
+  If the directory already exists, do nothing.
+
+OPTIONS are:
+
+  -m, --mode   If a directory needs to be created, set the mode as an octal
+               permission string.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/index.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..468d7cd8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+var path = require('path');
+var fs = require('fs');
+var _0777 = parseInt('0777', 8);
+
+module.exports = mkdirP.mkdirp = mkdirP.mkdirP = mkdirP;
+
+function mkdirP (p, opts, f, made) {
+    if (typeof opts === 'function') {
+        f = opts;
+        opts = {};
+    }
+    else if (!opts || typeof opts !== 'object') {
+        opts = { mode: opts };
+    }
+    
+    var mode = opts.mode;
+    var xfs = opts.fs || fs;
+    
+    if (mode === undefined) {
+        mode = _0777
+    }
+    if (!made) made = null;
+    
+    var cb = f || function () {};
+    p = path.resolve(p);
+    
+    xfs.mkdir(p, mode, function (er) {
+        if (!er) {
+            made = made || p;
+            return cb(null, made);
+        }
+        switch (er.code) {
+            case 'ENOENT':
+                if (path.dirname(p) === p) return cb(er);
+                mkdirP(path.dirname(p), opts, function (er, made) {
+                    if (er) cb(er, made);
+                    else mkdirP(p, opts, cb, made);
+                });
+                break;
+
+            // In the case of any other error, just see if there's a dir
+            // there already.  If so, then hooray!  If not, then something
+            // is borked.
+            default:
+                xfs.stat(p, function (er2, stat) {
+                    // if the stat fails, then that's super weird.
+                    // let the original error be the failure reason.
+                    if (er2 || !stat.isDirectory()) cb(er, made)
+                    else cb(null, made);
+                });
+                break;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+mkdirP.sync = function sync (p, opts, made) {
+    if (!opts || typeof opts !== 'object') {
+        opts = { mode: opts };
+    }
+    
+    var mode = opts.mode;
+    var xfs = opts.fs || fs;
+    
+    if (mode === undefined) {
+        mode = _0777
+    }
+    if (!made) made = null;
+
+    p = path.resolve(p);
+
+    try {
+        xfs.mkdirSync(p, mode);
+        made = made || p;
+    }
+    catch (err0) {
+        switch (err0.code) {
+            case 'ENOENT' :
+                made = sync(path.dirname(p), opts, made);
+                sync(p, opts, made);
+                break;
+
+            // In the case of any other error, just see if there's a dir
+            // there already.  If so, then hooray!  If not, then something
+            // is borked.
+            default:
+                var stat;
+                try {
+                    stat = xfs.statSync(p);
+                }
+                catch (err1) {
+                    throw err0;
+                }
+                if (!stat.isDirectory()) throw err0;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return made;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/package.json b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d90f83d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "mkdirp@^0.5.1",
+  "_id": "mkdirp@0.5.5",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-NKmAlESf6jMGym1++R0Ra7wvhV+wFW63FaSOFPwRahvea0gMUcGUhVeAg/0BC0wiv9ih5NYPB1Wn1UEI1/L+xQ==",
+  "_location": "/multer/mkdirp",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "mkdirp@^0.5.1",
+    "name": "mkdirp",
+    "escapedName": "mkdirp",
+    "rawSpec": "^0.5.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^0.5.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/multer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/-/mkdirp-0.5.5.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d91cefd62d1436ca0f41620e251288d420099def",
+  "_spec": "mkdirp@^0.5.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\multer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "James Halliday",
+    "email": "mail@substack.net",
+    "url": "http://substack.net"
+  },
+  "bin": {
+    "mkdirp": "bin/cmd.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "minimist": "^1.2.5"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Recursively mkdir, like `mkdir -p`",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mock-fs": "^3.7.0",
+    "tap": "^5.4.2"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "bin",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "mkdir",
+    "directory"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "mkdirp",
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "tag": "legacy"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "0.5.5"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/readme.markdown b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/readme.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc314bfbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/node_modules/mkdirp/readme.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# mkdirp
+
+Like `mkdir -p`, but in node.js!
+
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/substack/node-mkdirp.png)](http://travis-ci.org/substack/node-mkdirp)
+
+# example
+
+## pow.js
+
+```js
+var mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
+    
+mkdirp('/tmp/foo/bar/baz', function (err) {
+    if (err) console.error(err)
+    else console.log('pow!')
+});
+```
+
+Output
+
+```
+pow!
+```
+
+And now /tmp/foo/bar/baz exists, huzzah!
+
+# methods
+
+```js
+var mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
+```
+
+## mkdirp(dir, opts, cb)
+
+Create a new directory and any necessary subdirectories at `dir` with octal
+permission string `opts.mode`. If `opts` is a non-object, it will be treated as
+the `opts.mode`.
+
+If `opts.mode` isn't specified, it defaults to `0777`.
+
+`cb(err, made)` fires with the error or the first directory `made`
+that had to be created, if any.
+
+You can optionally pass in an alternate `fs` implementation by passing in
+`opts.fs`. Your implementation should have `opts.fs.mkdir(path, mode, cb)` and
+`opts.fs.stat(path, cb)`.
+
+## mkdirp.sync(dir, opts)
+
+Synchronously create a new directory and any necessary subdirectories at `dir`
+with octal permission string `opts.mode`. If `opts` is a non-object, it will be
+treated as the `opts.mode`.
+
+If `opts.mode` isn't specified, it defaults to `0777`.
+
+Returns the first directory that had to be created, if any.
+
+You can optionally pass in an alternate `fs` implementation by passing in
+`opts.fs`. Your implementation should have `opts.fs.mkdirSync(path, mode)` and
+`opts.fs.statSync(path)`.
+
+# usage
+
+This package also ships with a `mkdirp` command.
+
+```
+usage: mkdirp [DIR1,DIR2..] {OPTIONS}
+
+  Create each supplied directory including any necessary parent directories that
+  don't yet exist.
+  
+  If the directory already exists, do nothing.
+
+OPTIONS are:
+
+  -m, --mode   If a directory needs to be created, set the mode as an octal
+               permission string.
+
+```
+
+# install
+
+With [npm](http://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```
+npm install mkdirp
+```
+
+to get the library, or
+
+```
+npm install -g mkdirp
+```
+
+to get the command.
+
+# license
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/package.json b/backend/node_modules/multer/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d6400418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+{
+  "_from": "multer",
+  "_id": "multer@1.4.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-xY8pX7V+ybyUpbYMxtjM9KAiD9ixtg5/JkeKUTD6xilfDv0vzzOFcCp4Ljb1UU3tSOM3VTZtKo63OmzOrGi3Cg==",
+  "_location": "/multer",
+  "_phantomChildren": {
+    "minimist": "1.2.5"
+  },
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "tag",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "multer",
+    "name": "multer",
+    "escapedName": "multer",
+    "rawSpec": "",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "latest"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "#USER",
+    "/"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/multer/-/multer-1.4.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2f1f4d12dbaeeba74cb37e623f234bf4d3d2057a",
+  "_spec": "multer",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Hage Yaapa",
+      "email": "captain@hacksparrow.com",
+      "url": "http://www.hacksparrow.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jaret Pfluger",
+      "email": "https://github.com/jpfluger"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Linus Unnebäck",
+      "email": "linus@folkdatorn.se"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "append-field": "^1.0.0",
+    "busboy": "^0.2.11",
+    "concat-stream": "^1.5.2",
+    "mkdirp": "^0.5.1",
+    "object-assign": "^4.1.1",
+    "on-finished": "^2.3.0",
+    "type-is": "^1.6.4",
+    "xtend": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "express": "^4.13.1",
+    "form-data": "^1.0.0-rc1",
+    "fs-temp": "^1.1.2",
+    "mocha": "^3.5.3",
+    "rimraf": "^2.4.1",
+    "standard": "^11.0.1",
+    "testdata-w3c-json-form": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js",
+    "storage/",
+    "lib/"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "form",
+    "post",
+    "multipart",
+    "form-data",
+    "formdata",
+    "express",
+    "middleware"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "multer",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/expressjs/multer.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && mocha"
+  },
+  "version": "1.4.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/storage/disk.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/storage/disk.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfbe88937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/storage/disk.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+var fs = require('fs')
+var os = require('os')
+var path = require('path')
+var crypto = require('crypto')
+var mkdirp = require('mkdirp')
+
+function getFilename (req, file, cb) {
+  crypto.pseudoRandomBytes(16, function (err, raw) {
+    cb(err, err ? undefined : raw.toString('hex'))
+  })
+}
+
+function getDestination (req, file, cb) {
+  cb(null, os.tmpdir())
+}
+
+function DiskStorage (opts) {
+  this.getFilename = (opts.filename || getFilename)
+
+  if (typeof opts.destination === 'string') {
+    mkdirp.sync(opts.destination)
+    this.getDestination = function ($0, $1, cb) { cb(null, opts.destination) }
+  } else {
+    this.getDestination = (opts.destination || getDestination)
+  }
+}
+
+DiskStorage.prototype._handleFile = function _handleFile (req, file, cb) {
+  var that = this
+
+  that.getDestination(req, file, function (err, destination) {
+    if (err) return cb(err)
+
+    that.getFilename(req, file, function (err, filename) {
+      if (err) return cb(err)
+
+      var finalPath = path.join(destination, filename)
+      var outStream = fs.createWriteStream(finalPath)
+
+      file.stream.pipe(outStream)
+      outStream.on('error', cb)
+      outStream.on('finish', function () {
+        cb(null, {
+          destination: destination,
+          filename: filename,
+          path: finalPath,
+          size: outStream.bytesWritten
+        })
+      })
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+DiskStorage.prototype._removeFile = function _removeFile (req, file, cb) {
+  var path = file.path
+
+  delete file.destination
+  delete file.filename
+  delete file.path
+
+  fs.unlink(path, cb)
+}
+
+module.exports = function (opts) {
+  return new DiskStorage(opts)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/multer/storage/memory.js b/backend/node_modules/multer/storage/memory.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f953ded15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/multer/storage/memory.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+var concat = require('concat-stream')
+
+function MemoryStorage (opts) {}
+
+MemoryStorage.prototype._handleFile = function _handleFile (req, file, cb) {
+  file.stream.pipe(concat({ encoding: 'buffer' }, function (data) {
+    cb(null, {
+      buffer: data,
+      size: data.length
+    })
+  }))
+}
+
+MemoryStorage.prototype._removeFile = function _removeFile (req, file, cb) {
+  delete file.buffer
+  cb(null)
+}
+
+module.exports = function (opts) {
+  return new MemoryStorage(opts)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d06c76aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+0.6.2 / 2019-04-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix sorting charset, encoding, and language with extra parameters
+
+0.6.1 / 2016-05-02
+==================
+
+  * perf: improve `Accept` parsing speed
+  * perf: improve `Accept-Charset` parsing speed
+  * perf: improve `Accept-Encoding` parsing speed
+  * perf: improve `Accept-Language` parsing speed
+
+0.6.0 / 2015-09-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix including type extensions in parameters in `Accept` parsing
+  * Fix parsing `Accept` parameters with quoted equals
+  * Fix parsing `Accept` parameters with quoted semicolons
+  * Lazy-load modules from main entry point
+  * perf: delay type concatenation until needed
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: hoist regular expressions
+  * perf: remove closures getting spec properties
+  * perf: remove a closure from media type parsing
+  * perf: remove property delete from media type parsing
+
+0.5.3 / 2015-05-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix media type parameter matching to be case-insensitive
+
+0.5.2 / 2015-05-06
+==================
+
+  * Fix comparing media types with quoted values
+  * Fix splitting media types with quoted commas
+
+0.5.1 / 2015-02-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix preference sorting to be stable for long acceptable lists
+
+0.5.0 / 2014-12-18
+==================
+
+  * Fix list return order when large accepted list
+  * Fix missing identity encoding when q=0 exists
+  * Remove dynamic building of Negotiator class
+
+0.4.9 / 2014-10-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix error when media type has invalid parameter
+
+0.4.8 / 2014-09-28
+==================
+
+  * Fix all negotiations to be case-insensitive
+  * Stable sort preferences of same quality according to client order
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+
+0.4.7 / 2014-06-24
+==================
+
+  * Handle invalid provided languages
+  * Handle invalid provided media types
+
+0.4.6 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+  *  Order by specificity when quality is the same
+
+0.4.5 / 2014-05-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression in empty header handling
+
+0.4.4 / 2014-05-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix behaviors when headers are not present
+
+0.4.3 / 2014-04-16
+==================
+
+  * Handle slashes on media params correctly
+
+0.4.2 / 2014-02-28
+==================
+
+  * Fix media type sorting
+  * Handle media types params strictly
+
+0.4.1 / 2014-01-16
+==================
+
+  * Use most specific matches
+
+0.4.0 / 2014-01-09
+==================
+
+  * Remove preferred prefix from methods
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea6b9e2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Federico Romero
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Isaac Z. Schlueter
+Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/README.md b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04a67ff76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# negotiator
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+An HTTP content negotiator for Node.js
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install negotiator
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var Negotiator = require('negotiator')
+```
+
+### Accept Negotiation
+
+```js
+availableMediaTypes = ['text/html', 'text/plain', 'application/json']
+
+// The negotiator constructor receives a request object
+negotiator = new Negotiator(request)
+
+// Let's say Accept header is 'text/html, application/*;q=0.2, image/jpeg;q=0.8'
+
+negotiator.mediaTypes()
+// -> ['text/html', 'image/jpeg', 'application/*']
+
+negotiator.mediaTypes(availableMediaTypes)
+// -> ['text/html', 'application/json']
+
+negotiator.mediaType(availableMediaTypes)
+// -> 'text/html'
+```
+
+You can check a working example at `examples/accept.js`.
+
+#### Methods
+
+##### mediaType()
+
+Returns the most preferred media type from the client.
+
+##### mediaType(availableMediaType)
+
+Returns the most preferred media type from a list of available media types.
+
+##### mediaTypes()
+
+Returns an array of preferred media types ordered by the client preference.
+
+##### mediaTypes(availableMediaTypes)
+
+Returns an array of preferred media types ordered by priority from a list of
+available media types.
+
+### Accept-Language Negotiation
+
+```js
+negotiator = new Negotiator(request)
+
+availableLanguages = ['en', 'es', 'fr']
+
+// Let's say Accept-Language header is 'en;q=0.8, es, pt'
+
+negotiator.languages()
+// -> ['es', 'pt', 'en']
+
+negotiator.languages(availableLanguages)
+// -> ['es', 'en']
+
+language = negotiator.language(availableLanguages)
+// -> 'es'
+```
+
+You can check a working example at `examples/language.js`.
+
+#### Methods
+
+##### language()
+
+Returns the most preferred language from the client.
+
+##### language(availableLanguages)
+
+Returns the most preferred language from a list of available languages.
+
+##### languages()
+
+Returns an array of preferred languages ordered by the client preference.
+
+##### languages(availableLanguages)
+
+Returns an array of preferred languages ordered by priority from a list of
+available languages.
+
+### Accept-Charset Negotiation
+
+```js
+availableCharsets = ['utf-8', 'iso-8859-1', 'iso-8859-5']
+
+negotiator = new Negotiator(request)
+
+// Let's say Accept-Charset header is 'utf-8, iso-8859-1;q=0.8, utf-7;q=0.2'
+
+negotiator.charsets()
+// -> ['utf-8', 'iso-8859-1', 'utf-7']
+
+negotiator.charsets(availableCharsets)
+// -> ['utf-8', 'iso-8859-1']
+
+negotiator.charset(availableCharsets)
+// -> 'utf-8'
+```
+
+You can check a working example at `examples/charset.js`.
+
+#### Methods
+
+##### charset()
+
+Returns the most preferred charset from the client.
+
+##### charset(availableCharsets)
+
+Returns the most preferred charset from a list of available charsets.
+
+##### charsets()
+
+Returns an array of preferred charsets ordered by the client preference.
+
+##### charsets(availableCharsets)
+
+Returns an array of preferred charsets ordered by priority from a list of
+available charsets.
+
+### Accept-Encoding Negotiation
+
+```js
+availableEncodings = ['identity', 'gzip']
+
+negotiator = new Negotiator(request)
+
+// Let's say Accept-Encoding header is 'gzip, compress;q=0.2, identity;q=0.5'
+
+negotiator.encodings()
+// -> ['gzip', 'identity', 'compress']
+
+negotiator.encodings(availableEncodings)
+// -> ['gzip', 'identity']
+
+negotiator.encoding(availableEncodings)
+// -> 'gzip'
+```
+
+You can check a working example at `examples/encoding.js`.
+
+#### Methods
+
+##### encoding()
+
+Returns the most preferred encoding from the client.
+
+##### encoding(availableEncodings)
+
+Returns the most preferred encoding from a list of available encodings.
+
+##### encodings()
+
+Returns an array of preferred encodings ordered by the client preference.
+
+##### encodings(availableEncodings)
+
+Returns an array of preferred encodings ordered by priority from a list of
+available encodings.
+
+## See Also
+
+The [accepts](https://npmjs.org/package/accepts#readme) module builds on
+this module and provides an alternative interface, mime type validation,
+and more.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/negotiator.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/negotiator
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/negotiator.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/negotiator/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/negotiator
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/negotiator/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/negotiator?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/negotiator.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/negotiator
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/index.js b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d4f6a226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*!
+ * negotiator
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 Federico Romero
+ * Copyright(c) 2012-2014 Isaac Z. Schlueter
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Cached loaded submodules.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var modules = Object.create(null);
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = Negotiator;
+module.exports.Negotiator = Negotiator;
+
+/**
+ * Create a Negotiator instance from a request.
+ * @param {object} request
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function Negotiator(request) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Negotiator)) {
+    return new Negotiator(request);
+  }
+
+  this.request = request;
+}
+
+Negotiator.prototype.charset = function charset(available) {
+  var set = this.charsets(available);
+  return set && set[0];
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.charsets = function charsets(available) {
+  var preferredCharsets = loadModule('charset').preferredCharsets;
+  return preferredCharsets(this.request.headers['accept-charset'], available);
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.encoding = function encoding(available) {
+  var set = this.encodings(available);
+  return set && set[0];
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.encodings = function encodings(available) {
+  var preferredEncodings = loadModule('encoding').preferredEncodings;
+  return preferredEncodings(this.request.headers['accept-encoding'], available);
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.language = function language(available) {
+  var set = this.languages(available);
+  return set && set[0];
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.languages = function languages(available) {
+  var preferredLanguages = loadModule('language').preferredLanguages;
+  return preferredLanguages(this.request.headers['accept-language'], available);
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.mediaType = function mediaType(available) {
+  var set = this.mediaTypes(available);
+  return set && set[0];
+};
+
+Negotiator.prototype.mediaTypes = function mediaTypes(available) {
+  var preferredMediaTypes = loadModule('mediaType').preferredMediaTypes;
+  return preferredMediaTypes(this.request.headers.accept, available);
+};
+
+// Backwards compatibility
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredCharset = Negotiator.prototype.charset;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredCharsets = Negotiator.prototype.charsets;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredEncoding = Negotiator.prototype.encoding;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredEncodings = Negotiator.prototype.encodings;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredLanguage = Negotiator.prototype.language;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredLanguages = Negotiator.prototype.languages;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredMediaType = Negotiator.prototype.mediaType;
+Negotiator.prototype.preferredMediaTypes = Negotiator.prototype.mediaTypes;
+
+/**
+ * Load the given module.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function loadModule(moduleName) {
+  var module = modules[moduleName];
+
+  if (module !== undefined) {
+    return module;
+  }
+
+  // This uses a switch for static require analysis
+  switch (moduleName) {
+    case 'charset':
+      module = require('./lib/charset');
+      break;
+    case 'encoding':
+      module = require('./lib/encoding');
+      break;
+    case 'language':
+      module = require('./lib/language');
+      break;
+    case 'mediaType':
+      module = require('./lib/mediaType');
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new Error('Cannot find module \'' + moduleName + '\'');
+  }
+
+  // Store to prevent invoking require()
+  modules[moduleName] = module;
+
+  return module;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/charset.js b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/charset.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdd014803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/charset.js
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/**
+ * negotiator
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 Isaac Z. Schlueter
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Federico Romero
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = preferredCharsets;
+module.exports.preferredCharsets = preferredCharsets;
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var simpleCharsetRegExp = /^\s*([^\s;]+)\s*(?:;(.*))?$/;
+
+/**
+ * Parse the Accept-Charset header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseAcceptCharset(accept) {
+  var accepts = accept.split(',');
+
+  for (var i = 0, j = 0; i < accepts.length; i++) {
+    var charset = parseCharset(accepts[i].trim(), i);
+
+    if (charset) {
+      accepts[j++] = charset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // trim accepts
+  accepts.length = j;
+
+  return accepts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a charset from the Accept-Charset header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseCharset(str, i) {
+  var match = simpleCharsetRegExp.exec(str);
+  if (!match) return null;
+
+  var charset = match[1];
+  var q = 1;
+  if (match[2]) {
+    var params = match[2].split(';')
+    for (var j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
+      var p = params[j].trim().split('=');
+      if (p[0] === 'q') {
+        q = parseFloat(p[1]);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    charset: charset,
+    q: q,
+    i: i
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the priority of a charset.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getCharsetPriority(charset, accepted, index) {
+  var priority = {o: -1, q: 0, s: 0};
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < accepted.length; i++) {
+    var spec = specify(charset, accepted[i], index);
+
+    if (spec && (priority.s - spec.s || priority.q - spec.q || priority.o - spec.o) < 0) {
+      priority = spec;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return priority;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the specificity of the charset.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function specify(charset, spec, index) {
+  var s = 0;
+  if(spec.charset.toLowerCase() === charset.toLowerCase()){
+    s |= 1;
+  } else if (spec.charset !== '*' ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return {
+    i: index,
+    o: spec.i,
+    q: spec.q,
+    s: s
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the preferred charsets from an Accept-Charset header.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function preferredCharsets(accept, provided) {
+  // RFC 2616 sec 14.2: no header = *
+  var accepts = parseAcceptCharset(accept === undefined ? '*' : accept || '');
+
+  if (!provided) {
+    // sorted list of all charsets
+    return accepts
+      .filter(isQuality)
+      .sort(compareSpecs)
+      .map(getFullCharset);
+  }
+
+  var priorities = provided.map(function getPriority(type, index) {
+    return getCharsetPriority(type, accepts, index);
+  });
+
+  // sorted list of accepted charsets
+  return priorities.filter(isQuality).sort(compareSpecs).map(function getCharset(priority) {
+    return provided[priorities.indexOf(priority)];
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare two specs.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compareSpecs(a, b) {
+  return (b.q - a.q) || (b.s - a.s) || (a.o - b.o) || (a.i - b.i) || 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get full charset string.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getFullCharset(spec) {
+  return spec.charset;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a spec has any quality.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function isQuality(spec) {
+  return spec.q > 0;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/encoding.js b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/encoding.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8432cd77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/encoding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/**
+ * negotiator
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 Isaac Z. Schlueter
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Federico Romero
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = preferredEncodings;
+module.exports.preferredEncodings = preferredEncodings;
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var simpleEncodingRegExp = /^\s*([^\s;]+)\s*(?:;(.*))?$/;
+
+/**
+ * Parse the Accept-Encoding header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseAcceptEncoding(accept) {
+  var accepts = accept.split(',');
+  var hasIdentity = false;
+  var minQuality = 1;
+
+  for (var i = 0, j = 0; i < accepts.length; i++) {
+    var encoding = parseEncoding(accepts[i].trim(), i);
+
+    if (encoding) {
+      accepts[j++] = encoding;
+      hasIdentity = hasIdentity || specify('identity', encoding);
+      minQuality = Math.min(minQuality, encoding.q || 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasIdentity) {
+    /*
+     * If identity doesn't explicitly appear in the accept-encoding header,
+     * it's added to the list of acceptable encoding with the lowest q
+     */
+    accepts[j++] = {
+      encoding: 'identity',
+      q: minQuality,
+      i: i
+    };
+  }
+
+  // trim accepts
+  accepts.length = j;
+
+  return accepts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse an encoding from the Accept-Encoding header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseEncoding(str, i) {
+  var match = simpleEncodingRegExp.exec(str);
+  if (!match) return null;
+
+  var encoding = match[1];
+  var q = 1;
+  if (match[2]) {
+    var params = match[2].split(';');
+    for (var j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
+      var p = params[j].trim().split('=');
+      if (p[0] === 'q') {
+        q = parseFloat(p[1]);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    encoding: encoding,
+    q: q,
+    i: i
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the priority of an encoding.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getEncodingPriority(encoding, accepted, index) {
+  var priority = {o: -1, q: 0, s: 0};
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < accepted.length; i++) {
+    var spec = specify(encoding, accepted[i], index);
+
+    if (spec && (priority.s - spec.s || priority.q - spec.q || priority.o - spec.o) < 0) {
+      priority = spec;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return priority;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the specificity of the encoding.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function specify(encoding, spec, index) {
+  var s = 0;
+  if(spec.encoding.toLowerCase() === encoding.toLowerCase()){
+    s |= 1;
+  } else if (spec.encoding !== '*' ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return {
+    i: index,
+    o: spec.i,
+    q: spec.q,
+    s: s
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the preferred encodings from an Accept-Encoding header.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function preferredEncodings(accept, provided) {
+  var accepts = parseAcceptEncoding(accept || '');
+
+  if (!provided) {
+    // sorted list of all encodings
+    return accepts
+      .filter(isQuality)
+      .sort(compareSpecs)
+      .map(getFullEncoding);
+  }
+
+  var priorities = provided.map(function getPriority(type, index) {
+    return getEncodingPriority(type, accepts, index);
+  });
+
+  // sorted list of accepted encodings
+  return priorities.filter(isQuality).sort(compareSpecs).map(function getEncoding(priority) {
+    return provided[priorities.indexOf(priority)];
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare two specs.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compareSpecs(a, b) {
+  return (b.q - a.q) || (b.s - a.s) || (a.o - b.o) || (a.i - b.i) || 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get full encoding string.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getFullEncoding(spec) {
+  return spec.encoding;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a spec has any quality.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function isQuality(spec) {
+  return spec.q > 0;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/language.js b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/language.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62f737f00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/language.js
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/**
+ * negotiator
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 Isaac Z. Schlueter
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Federico Romero
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = preferredLanguages;
+module.exports.preferredLanguages = preferredLanguages;
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var simpleLanguageRegExp = /^\s*([^\s\-;]+)(?:-([^\s;]+))?\s*(?:;(.*))?$/;
+
+/**
+ * Parse the Accept-Language header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseAcceptLanguage(accept) {
+  var accepts = accept.split(',');
+
+  for (var i = 0, j = 0; i < accepts.length; i++) {
+    var language = parseLanguage(accepts[i].trim(), i);
+
+    if (language) {
+      accepts[j++] = language;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // trim accepts
+  accepts.length = j;
+
+  return accepts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a language from the Accept-Language header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseLanguage(str, i) {
+  var match = simpleLanguageRegExp.exec(str);
+  if (!match) return null;
+
+  var prefix = match[1],
+    suffix = match[2],
+    full = prefix;
+
+  if (suffix) full += "-" + suffix;
+
+  var q = 1;
+  if (match[3]) {
+    var params = match[3].split(';')
+    for (var j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
+      var p = params[j].split('=');
+      if (p[0] === 'q') q = parseFloat(p[1]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    prefix: prefix,
+    suffix: suffix,
+    q: q,
+    i: i,
+    full: full
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the priority of a language.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getLanguagePriority(language, accepted, index) {
+  var priority = {o: -1, q: 0, s: 0};
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < accepted.length; i++) {
+    var spec = specify(language, accepted[i], index);
+
+    if (spec && (priority.s - spec.s || priority.q - spec.q || priority.o - spec.o) < 0) {
+      priority = spec;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return priority;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the specificity of the language.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function specify(language, spec, index) {
+  var p = parseLanguage(language)
+  if (!p) return null;
+  var s = 0;
+  if(spec.full.toLowerCase() === p.full.toLowerCase()){
+    s |= 4;
+  } else if (spec.prefix.toLowerCase() === p.full.toLowerCase()) {
+    s |= 2;
+  } else if (spec.full.toLowerCase() === p.prefix.toLowerCase()) {
+    s |= 1;
+  } else if (spec.full !== '*' ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return {
+    i: index,
+    o: spec.i,
+    q: spec.q,
+    s: s
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the preferred languages from an Accept-Language header.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function preferredLanguages(accept, provided) {
+  // RFC 2616 sec 14.4: no header = *
+  var accepts = parseAcceptLanguage(accept === undefined ? '*' : accept || '');
+
+  if (!provided) {
+    // sorted list of all languages
+    return accepts
+      .filter(isQuality)
+      .sort(compareSpecs)
+      .map(getFullLanguage);
+  }
+
+  var priorities = provided.map(function getPriority(type, index) {
+    return getLanguagePriority(type, accepts, index);
+  });
+
+  // sorted list of accepted languages
+  return priorities.filter(isQuality).sort(compareSpecs).map(function getLanguage(priority) {
+    return provided[priorities.indexOf(priority)];
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare two specs.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compareSpecs(a, b) {
+  return (b.q - a.q) || (b.s - a.s) || (a.o - b.o) || (a.i - b.i) || 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get full language string.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getFullLanguage(spec) {
+  return spec.full;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a spec has any quality.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function isQuality(spec) {
+  return spec.q > 0;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/mediaType.js b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/mediaType.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67309dd75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/lib/mediaType.js
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/**
+ * negotiator
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 Isaac Z. Schlueter
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Federico Romero
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = preferredMediaTypes;
+module.exports.preferredMediaTypes = preferredMediaTypes;
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var simpleMediaTypeRegExp = /^\s*([^\s\/;]+)\/([^;\s]+)\s*(?:;(.*))?$/;
+
+/**
+ * Parse the Accept header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseAccept(accept) {
+  var accepts = splitMediaTypes(accept);
+
+  for (var i = 0, j = 0; i < accepts.length; i++) {
+    var mediaType = parseMediaType(accepts[i].trim(), i);
+
+    if (mediaType) {
+      accepts[j++] = mediaType;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // trim accepts
+  accepts.length = j;
+
+  return accepts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a media type from the Accept header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseMediaType(str, i) {
+  var match = simpleMediaTypeRegExp.exec(str);
+  if (!match) return null;
+
+  var params = Object.create(null);
+  var q = 1;
+  var subtype = match[2];
+  var type = match[1];
+
+  if (match[3]) {
+    var kvps = splitParameters(match[3]).map(splitKeyValuePair);
+
+    for (var j = 0; j < kvps.length; j++) {
+      var pair = kvps[j];
+      var key = pair[0].toLowerCase();
+      var val = pair[1];
+
+      // get the value, unwrapping quotes
+      var value = val && val[0] === '"' && val[val.length - 1] === '"'
+        ? val.substr(1, val.length - 2)
+        : val;
+
+      if (key === 'q') {
+        q = parseFloat(value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // store parameter
+      params[key] = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    type: type,
+    subtype: subtype,
+    params: params,
+    q: q,
+    i: i
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the priority of a media type.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getMediaTypePriority(type, accepted, index) {
+  var priority = {o: -1, q: 0, s: 0};
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < accepted.length; i++) {
+    var spec = specify(type, accepted[i], index);
+
+    if (spec && (priority.s - spec.s || priority.q - spec.q || priority.o - spec.o) < 0) {
+      priority = spec;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return priority;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the specificity of the media type.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function specify(type, spec, index) {
+  var p = parseMediaType(type);
+  var s = 0;
+
+  if (!p) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if(spec.type.toLowerCase() == p.type.toLowerCase()) {
+    s |= 4
+  } else if(spec.type != '*') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if(spec.subtype.toLowerCase() == p.subtype.toLowerCase()) {
+    s |= 2
+  } else if(spec.subtype != '*') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(spec.params);
+  if (keys.length > 0) {
+    if (keys.every(function (k) {
+      return spec.params[k] == '*' || (spec.params[k] || '').toLowerCase() == (p.params[k] || '').toLowerCase();
+    })) {
+      s |= 1
+    } else {
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    i: index,
+    o: spec.i,
+    q: spec.q,
+    s: s,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the preferred media types from an Accept header.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function preferredMediaTypes(accept, provided) {
+  // RFC 2616 sec 14.2: no header = */*
+  var accepts = parseAccept(accept === undefined ? '*/*' : accept || '');
+
+  if (!provided) {
+    // sorted list of all types
+    return accepts
+      .filter(isQuality)
+      .sort(compareSpecs)
+      .map(getFullType);
+  }
+
+  var priorities = provided.map(function getPriority(type, index) {
+    return getMediaTypePriority(type, accepts, index);
+  });
+
+  // sorted list of accepted types
+  return priorities.filter(isQuality).sort(compareSpecs).map(function getType(priority) {
+    return provided[priorities.indexOf(priority)];
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare two specs.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compareSpecs(a, b) {
+  return (b.q - a.q) || (b.s - a.s) || (a.o - b.o) || (a.i - b.i) || 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get full type string.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getFullType(spec) {
+  return spec.type + '/' + spec.subtype;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a spec has any quality.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function isQuality(spec) {
+  return spec.q > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count the number of quotes in a string.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function quoteCount(string) {
+  var count = 0;
+  var index = 0;
+
+  while ((index = string.indexOf('"', index)) !== -1) {
+    count++;
+    index++;
+  }
+
+  return count;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split a key value pair.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function splitKeyValuePair(str) {
+  var index = str.indexOf('=');
+  var key;
+  var val;
+
+  if (index === -1) {
+    key = str;
+  } else {
+    key = str.substr(0, index);
+    val = str.substr(index + 1);
+  }
+
+  return [key, val];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split an Accept header into media types.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function splitMediaTypes(accept) {
+  var accepts = accept.split(',');
+
+  for (var i = 1, j = 0; i < accepts.length; i++) {
+    if (quoteCount(accepts[j]) % 2 == 0) {
+      accepts[++j] = accepts[i];
+    } else {
+      accepts[j] += ',' + accepts[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // trim accepts
+  accepts.length = j + 1;
+
+  return accepts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split a string of parameters.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function splitParameters(str) {
+  var parameters = str.split(';');
+
+  for (var i = 1, j = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
+    if (quoteCount(parameters[j]) % 2 == 0) {
+      parameters[++j] = parameters[i];
+    } else {
+      parameters[j] += ';' + parameters[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // trim parameters
+  parameters.length = j + 1;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
+    parameters[i] = parameters[i].trim();
+  }
+
+  return parameters;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/negotiator/package.json b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa4a70500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/negotiator/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "_from": "negotiator@0.6.2",
+  "_id": "negotiator@0.6.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-hZXc7K2e+PgeI1eDBe/10Ard4ekbfrrqG8Ep+8Jmf4JID2bNg7NvCPOZN+kfF574pFQI7mum2AUqDidoKqcTOw==",
+  "_location": "/negotiator",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "negotiator@0.6.2",
+    "name": "negotiator",
+    "escapedName": "negotiator",
+    "rawSpec": "0.6.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.6.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/accepts"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/negotiator/-/negotiator-0.6.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "feacf7ccf525a77ae9634436a64883ffeca346fb",
+  "_spec": "negotiator@0.6.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\accepts",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/negotiator/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Federico Romero",
+      "email": "federico.romero@outboxlabs.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+      "email": "i@izs.me",
+      "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "HTTP content negotiation",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "nyc": "14.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/negotiator#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "content negotiation",
+    "accept",
+    "accept-language",
+    "accept-encoding",
+    "accept-charset"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "negotiator",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/negotiator.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-travis": "nyc --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "0.6.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12b04f2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
+# node-addon-api Changelog
+
+## 2021-05-28 Version 3.2.1, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Fixed documentation about the oldest Node.js version supported.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`6d41ee5a3a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6d41ee5a3a)] - Fixed readme for new release. (NickNaso)
+
+## 2021-05-17 Version 3.2.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Remove unnecessary symbol exposure.
+- Fixed leak in `Napi::ObjectWrap` instance for getter and setter method.
+- Added `Napi::Object::Freeze` and `Napi::object::Seal` methods.
+- `Napi::Reference` is now copyable.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Added docuemtnation for `Napi::Object::PropertyLValue`.
+- Changed all N-API references to Node-API.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Added tests relating to fetch property from Global Object.
+- Added addtiona tests for `Napi::Object`.
+- Added test for `Napi::Function` contructors.
+- Fixed intermittent failure for `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction` test.
+- Some minor corrections all over the test suite.
+
+### TOOL
+
+- Added Node.js v16.x to CI.
+- Added CI configuration for Windows.
+- Some fixex on linter command.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`52721312f6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/52721312f6)] - **docs**: add napi-rs iin Other Bindings section (#999) (LongYinan)
+* [[`78a6570a42`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/78a6570a42)] - **doc**: fix typo in code example (#997) (Tobias Nießen)
+* [[`da3bd5778f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/da3bd5778f)] - **test**: fix undoc assumptions about the timing of tsfn calls (legendecas) [#995](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/995)
+* [[`410cf6a81e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/410cf6a81e)] - **src**: return bool on object freeze and seal (#991) (legendecas)
+* [[`93f1898312`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/93f1898312)] - **src**: return bool on object set and define property (#977) (legendecas)
+* [[`331c2ee274`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/331c2ee274)] - **build**: add Node.js v16.x to CI (#983) (legendecas)
+* [[`b6f5eb15e6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b6f5eb15e6)] - **test**: run test suites with helpers (legendecas) [#976](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/976)
+* [[`fbcdf00ea0`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fbcdf00ea0)] - **test**: rename misspelled parameters (Tobias Nießen) [#973](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/973)
+* [[`63a6c32e80`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/63a6c32e80)] - **test**: fix intermittent TSFN crashes (Kevin Eady) [#974](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/974)
+* [[`8f120b033f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8f120b033f)] - **fix**: key for wapping drawing's system condition (#970) (Kévin VOYER)
+* [[`1c9d528d66`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1c9d528d66)] - **doc**: correct struct definition (#969) (Darshan Sen)
+* [[`5e64d1fa61`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5e64d1fa61)] - Added badges for Node-API v7 and v8. (#954) (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`6ce629b3fa`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6ce629b3fa)] - **src**: add pull request template (#967) (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`98126661af`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/98126661af)] - Update CONTRIBUTING.md (#966) (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`77350eee98`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/77350eee98)] - **src**: added Freeze and Seal method to Object class. (NickNaso) [#955](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/955)
+* [[`bc5147cc4a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bc5147cc4a)] - Finished tests relating to fetch property from Global Object (JckXia)
+* [[`0127813111`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0127813111)] - **doc**: unambiguously mark deprecated signatures (Tobias Nießen) [#942](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/942)
+* [[`787e216105`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/787e216105)] - **doc**: rename N-API with Node-API (Darshan Sen) [#951](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/951)
+* [[`628023689a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/628023689a)] - **src**: rename N-API with Node-API on comments (NickNaso) [#953](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/953)
+* [[`5c6391578f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5c6391578f)] - **build**: add CI configuration for Windows (NickNaso) [#948](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/948)
+* [[`8ef07251ec`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8ef07251ec)] - **doc**: added some warnings for buffer and array buffer factory method. (#929) (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`6490b1f730`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6490b1f730)] - **doc**: sync Object::Set value arg with Value::From (#933) (Tobias Nießen)
+* [[`7319a0d7a2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7319a0d7a2)] - Fix tab indent (#938) (Tobias Nießen)
+* [[`1916cb937e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1916cb937e)] - **chore**: fixup linter commands (#940) (legendecas)
+* [[`fc4585fa23`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fc4585fa23)] - **test**: dd tests for Function constructors (JoseExposito) [#937](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/937)
+* [[`87b7aae469`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/87b7aae469)] - **doc**: warn about SuppressDestruct() (#926) (Anna Henningsen)
+* [[`71494a49a3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/71494a49a3)] - **src,doc**: refactor to replace typedefs with usings (Darshan Sen) [#910](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/910)
+* [[`298ff8d9d2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/298ff8d9d2)] - **test**: add additional tests for Object (JoseExposito) [#923](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/923)
+* [[`8a1147b430`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8a1147b430)] - **revert**: src: add additional tests for Function (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`bb56ffaa6f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bb56ffaa6f)] - **doc**: fix documentation for object api (Nicola Del Gobbo) [#931](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/931)
+* [[`3b8bddab49`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/3b8bddab49)] - **src**: add additional tests for Function (José Expósito) [#928](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/928)
+* [[`74ab50c775`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/74ab50c775)] - **src**: allow references to be copyable in APIs (legendecas) [#915](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/915)
+* [[`929709d0fe`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/929709d0fe)] - **doc**: add propertylvalue.md (#925) (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`69d0d98be4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/69d0d98be4)] - fixup (Anna Henningsen)
+* [[`46e41d961b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/46e41d961b)] - fixup (Anna Henningsen)
+* [[`1af1642fb7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1af1642fb7)] - **doc**: warn about SuppressDestruct() (Anna Henningsen)
+* [[`12c548b2ff`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/12c548b2ff)] - **tools**: fix error detection (#914) (Darshan Sen)
+* [[`458d895d5b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/458d895d5b)] - **packaging**: list files to be published to npm (Lovell Fuller) [#889](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/889)
+* [[`f7ed2490d4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/f7ed2490d4)] - **test**: remove outdated V8 flag (Darshan Sen) [#895](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/895)
+* [[`a575a6ec60`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a575a6ec60)] - **src**: fix leak in ObjectWrap instance set/getters (Kevin Eady) [#899](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/899)
+* [[`b6e844e0b0`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b6e844e0b0)] - **doc**: fix spelling of "targeted" and "targeting" (#904) (Tobias Nießen)
+* [[`4d856f6e91`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4d856f6e91)] - **src**: remove unnecessary symbol exposure (Gabriel Schulhof) [#896](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/896)
+* [[`f35bb7d0d7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/f35bb7d0d7)] - **doc**: Update GitHub URL references from 'master' to 'HEAD' (#898) (Jim Schlight)
+* [[`286ae215d1`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/286ae215d1)] - Add warning about branch rename (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`a4a7b28288`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a4a7b28288)] - Update branch references from master to main (#886) (Jim Schlight)
+* [[`a2ad0a107a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a2ad0a107a)] - **docs**: add NAN to N-API resource link (#880) (kidneysolo)
+* [[`1c040eeb63`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1c040eeb63)] - **test**: load testModules automatically (raisinten) [#876](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/876)
+* [[`bf478e4496`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bf478e4496)] - **src**: use NAPI\_NOEXCEPT macro instead of noexcept (NickNaso) [#864](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/864)
+* [[`744705f2eb`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/744705f2eb)] - **test**: refactor remove repeated execution index.js (raisinten) [#839](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/839)
+* [[`db62e3c811`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/db62e3c811)] - Update team members (Michael Dawson)
+
+## 2020-12-17 Version 3.1.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Added `Napi::TypedThreadSafeFunction` class that is a new implementation for
+thread-safe functions. 
+- Fixed leak on `Napi::AsyncProgressWorkerBase`.
+- Fixed empty data on `Napi::AsyncProgressWorker::OnProgress` caused by race 
+conditions of `Napi::AsyncProgressWorker`.
+- Added `Napi::ArrayBuffer::Detach()` and `Napi::ArrayBuffer::IsDetached()`.
+- Fixed problem on `Napi::FinalizeCallback` it needs to create a 
+`Napi::HandleScope` when it calls `Napi::ObjectWrap::~ObjectWrap()`.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Added documentation for `Napi::TypedThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Removed unsued Doxygen file.
+- Clarified when to use N-API.
+- Added support information.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Added test for `Napi::TypedThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Fixed testing for specific N-API version.
+- Some minor corrections all over the test suite.
+
+### TOOL
+
+- Setup github actions for tests.
+- Added stale action.
+- Removed `sudo` tag from Travis CI.
+- Added clang-format.
+- Added pre-commit package for linting.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`ff642c5b85`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ff642c5b85)] - **doc**: fix tsfn docs to reflect true implementation (#860) (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`86feeebf54`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/86feeebf54)] - **src**: empty data OnProgress in AsyncProgressWorker (legendecas) [#853](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/853)
+* [[`a7fb5fb31c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a7fb5fb31c)] - **action**: add stale action (#856) (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`fd44609885`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fd44609885)] - **chore**: setup github actions for tests (#854) (legendecas) [#854](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/854)
+* [[`c52ace4813`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c52ace4813)] - **script**: fix complains that js files are not supported on npm run lint:fix (#852) (legendecas)
+* [[`b4a3364ad5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b4a3364ad5)] - **doc**: remove unused Doxygen file (#851) (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`b810466ae2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b810466ae2)] - **doc**: clarify when to use N-API (#849) (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`528b9f6832`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/528b9f6832)] - **test**: remove sudo from travis (#850) (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`4bb680de4e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4bb680de4e)] - Remove misleading sentence (#847) (Nikolai Vavilov) [#847](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/847)
+* [[`48e6b584a3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/48e6b584a3)] - Merge pull request #742 from KevinEady/contexted-tsfn-api-gcc-4 (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`d5e37210cc`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d5e37210cc)] - **tools**: print more instructions on clang-format check failed (#846) (legendecas) [#846](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/846)
+* [[`d9e11ff2c9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d9e11ff2c9)] - **doc**: add support info (#843) (Michael Dawson) [#843](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/843)
+* [[`356e93d69a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/356e93d69a)] - **test**: fixup testing for specific N-API version (#840) (Michael Dawson) [#840](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/840)
+* [[`5e5b9ce1b7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5e5b9ce1b7)] - Apply formatting changes (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`559ad8c0c0`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/559ad8c0c0)] - Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into contexted-tsfn-api-gcc-4 (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`c24c455ced`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c24c455ced)] - Rename to TypedThreadSafeFunction (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`63b43f4125`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/63b43f4125)] - **test**: fix buildType bug objectwrap\_worker\_thread (raisinten) [#837](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/837)
+* [[`6321f2ba1a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6321f2ba1a)] - **test**: fix typos in addon\_build/index.js (raisinten) [#838](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/838)
+* [[`59c6a6aeb0`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/59c6a6aeb0)] - **fix**: git-clang-format doesn't recognize no changes requested on given files (#835) (legendecas)
+* [[`1427b3ef78`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1427b3ef78)] - **src**: create a HandleScope in FinalizeCallback (blagoev) [#832](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/832)
+* [[`8fb5820557`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8fb5820557)] - **build**: add incremental clang-format checks (legendecas) [#819](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/819)
+* [[`2c02d317e5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2c02d317e5)] - **build**: add pre-commit package for linting (#823) (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`1b52c28eb8`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1b52c28eb8)] - Clean up AsyncProgressWorker documentation (#831) (mastergberry)
+* [[`4abe7cfe30`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4abe7cfe30)] - **test**: rename tsfnex test files (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`c9563caa25`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c9563caa25)] - **src**: add ArrayBuffer::Detach() and ::IsDetached() (Tobias Nießen) [#659](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/659)
+* [[`c79cabaed2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c79cabaed2)] - **doc**: avoid directing users to HTTP (#828) (Tobias Nießen)
+* [[`7a13f861ab`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7a13f861ab)] - **doc**: fix additional typo (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`7ec9741dd2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7ec9741dd2)] - Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into contexted-tsfn-api-gcc-4 (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`f5fad239fa`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/f5fad239fa)] - Update object\_reference.md (#827) (kidneysolo)
+* [[`35b65712c2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/35b65712c2)] - **Fix**: some typos in documentation (#826) (Helio Frota)
+* [[`8983383000`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8983383000)] - **Fix**: some typos in the document (#825) (Ziqiu Zhao)
+* [[`826e466ef6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/826e466ef6)] - Fixed example in addon.md. (#820) (nempoBu4) [#820](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/820)
+* [[`b54f5eb788`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b54f5eb788)] - Additional changes from review (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`59f27dac9a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/59f27dac9a)] - Fix common.gypi (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`151a914c99`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/151a914c99)] - Apply documentation suggestions from code review (Kevin Eady)
+* [[`ceb27d4949`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ceb27d4949)] - **src**: fix leak in AsyncProgressWorkerBase\<DataType\> (Ferdinand Holzer) [#795](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/795)
+
+## 2020-09-18 Version 3.0.2, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Introduced `include_dir` for use with **gyp** in a scalar context.
+- Added `Napi::Addon` to help handle the loading of a native add-on into 
+multiple threads and or multiple times in the same thread.
+- Concentrate callbacks provided to core N-API.
+- Make sure wrapcallback is used.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Added documentation for `Napi::Addon`.
+- Added documentation that reports the full class hierarchy.
+- Added link to N-API tutorial website.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Added tests to check the build process.
+- Refactored test for threasfafe function using async/await.
+- Converted tests that gc into async functions that await 10 ticks after
+each gc.
+- Some minor corrections all over the test suite.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`51e25f7c39`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/51e25f7c39)] - **doc**: remove a file (#815) (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`8c9f1809a2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8c9f1809a2)] - **doc**: add inheritance links and other changes (Gabriel Schulhof) [#798](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/798)
+* [[`6562e6b0ab`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6562e6b0ab)] - **test**: added tests to check the build process (NickNaso) [#808](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/808)
+* [[`a13b36c96e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a13b36c96e)] - **test**: fix the threasfafe function test (NickNaso) [#807](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/807)
+* [[`f27623ff61`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/f27623ff61)] - **build**: introduce include\_dir (Lovell Fuller) [#766](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/766)
+* [[`9aceea71fc`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9aceea71fc)] - **src**: concentrate callbacks provided to core N-API (Gabriel Schulhof) [#786](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/786)
+* [[`2bc45bbffd`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2bc45bbffd)] - **test**: refactor test to use async/await (Velmisov) [#787](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/787)
+* [[`518cfdcdc1`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/518cfdcdc1)] - **test**: test ObjectWrap destructor - no HandleScope (David Halls) [#729](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/729)
+* [[`c2cbbd9191`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c2cbbd9191)] - **doc**: add link to n-api tutorial website (#794) (Jim Schlight) [#794](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/794)
+* [[`1c2a8d59b5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1c2a8d59b5)] - **doc**: Added required return to example (#793) (pacop) [#793](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/793)
+* [[`cec2c76941`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/cec2c76941)] - **src**: wrap finalizer callback (Gabriel Schulhof) [#762](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/762)
+* [[`4ce40d22a6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4ce40d22a6)] - **test**: use assert.strictEqual() (Koki Nishihara) [#777](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/777)
+* [[`461e3640c6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/461e3640c6)] - **test**: string tests together (Gabriel Schulhof) [#773](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/773)
+* [[`5af645f649`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5af645f649)] - **src**: add Addon\<T\> class (Gabriel Schulhof) [#749](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/749)
+* [[`6148fb4bcc`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6148fb4bcc)] - Synchronise Node.js versions in Appveyor Windows CI with Travis (#768) (Lovell Fuller)
+
+## 2020-07-13 Version 3.0.1, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Fixed the usage of `Napi::Reference` with `Napi::TypedArray`.
+- Fixed `Napi::ObjectWrap` inheritance.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Updated the example for `Napi::ObjectWrap`.
+- Added documentation for instance data APIs.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Fixed test for `Napi::ArrayBuffer` and `Napi::Buffer`.
+- Some minor corrections all over the test suite.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`40c7926342`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/40c7926342)] - **build**: ensure paths with spaces can be used (Lovell Fuller) [#757](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/757)
+* [[`ef16dfb4a2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ef16dfb4a2)] - **doc**: update ObjectWrap example (Gabriel Schulhof) [#754](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/754)
+* [[`48f6762bf6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/48f6762bf6)] - **src**: add \_\_wasm32\_\_ guards (Gus Caplan)
+* [[`bd2c5ec502`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bd2c5ec502)] - Fixes issue 745. (#748) (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`4c01af2d87`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4c01af2d87)] - Fix typo in CHANGELOG (#715) (Kasumi Hanazuki)
+* [[`36e1af96d5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/36e1af96d5)] - **src**: fix use of Reference with typed arrays (Michael Dawson) [#726](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/726)
+* [[`d463f02bc7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d463f02bc7)] - **src**: fix testEnumerables on ObjectWrap (Ferdinand Holzer) [#736](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/736)
+* [[`ba7ad37d44`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ba7ad37d44)] - **src**: fix ObjectWrap inheritance (David Halls) [#732](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/732)
+* [[`31504c862b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/31504c862b)] - **doc**: fix minor typo in object\_wrap.md (#741) (Daniel Bevenius) [#741](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/741)
+* [[`beccf2145d`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/beccf2145d)] - **test**: fix up delays for array buffer test (Michael Dawson) [#737](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/737)
+* [[`45cb1d9748`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/45cb1d9748)] - Correct AsyncProgressWorker link in README (#716) (Jeroen Janssen)
+* [[`381c0da60c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/381c0da60c)] - **doc**: add instance data APIs (Gabriel Schulhof) [#708](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/708)
+
+## 2020-04-30 Version 3.0.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- `Napi::Object` added templated property descriptors.
+- `Napi::ObjectWrap` added templated methods.
+- `Napi::ObjectWrap` the wrap is removed only on failure.
+- `Napi::ObjectWrap` the constructor's exceptions are gracefully handled.
+- `Napi::Function` added templated factory functions.
+- Added `Env::RunScript` method to run JavaScript code contained in a string.
+- Added templated version of `Napi::Function`.
+- Added benchmarking framework.
+- Added support for native addon instance data.
+- Added `Napi::AsyncProgressQueueWorker` api.
+- Changed the guards to `NAPI_VERSION > 5`.
+- Removed N-API implementation (v6.x and v8.x support).
+- `Napi::AsyncWorker::OnWorkComplete` and `Napi::AsyncWorker::OnExecute` methods
+are override-able.
+- Removed erroneous finalizer cleanup in `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Disabled caching in `Napi::ArrayBuffer`.
+- Explicitly disallow assign and copy operator.
+- Some minor corrections and improvements.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Updated documentation for `Napi::Object`.
+- Updated documentation for `Napi::Function`.
+- Updated documentation for `Napi::ObjectWrap`.
+- Added documentation on how to add benchmark.
+- Added documentation for `Napi::AsyncProgressQueueWorker`.
+- Added suggestion about tags to use on NPM.
+- Added reference to N-API badges.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Updated test cases for `Napi::Object`.
+- Updated test cases for `Napi::Function`.
+- Updated test cases for `Napi::ObjectWrap`.
+- Updated test cases for `Napi::Env`.
+- Added test cases for `Napi::AsyncProgressQueueWorker`.
+- Some minor corrections all over the test suite.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`187318e37f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/187318e37f)] - **doc**: Removed references to Node.js lower than 10.x. (#709) (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`9c9accfbbe`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9c9accfbbe)] - **src**: add support for addon instance data (Gabriel Schulhof) [#663](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/663)
+* [[`82a96502a4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/82a96502a4)] - **src**: change guards to NAPI\_VERSION \> 5 (Gabriel Schulhof) [#697](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/697)
+* [[`a64e8a5641`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a64e8a5641)] - **ci**: move travis from 13 to 14 (#707) (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`4de23c9d6b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4de23c9d6b)] - **doc**: fix support bigint64/biguint64 guards (Yulong Wang) [#705](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/705)
+* [[`fedc8195e3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fedc8195e3)] - **doc**: fix semicolon missing in async\_worker.md (Azlan Mukhtar) [#701](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/701)
+* [[`cdb662506c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/cdb662506c)] - **doc**: fix typo in bigint.md (#700) (Kelvin)
+* [[`e1a827ae29`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e1a827ae29)] - **src**: fix AsyncProgressQueueWorker compilation (#696) (Gabriel Schulhof) [#696](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/696)
+* [[`2c3d5df463`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2c3d5df463)] - Merge pull request #692 from kelvinhammond/patch-1 (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`623e876949`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/623e876949)] - Merge pull request #688 from NickNaso/badges (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`6c97913d1f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6c97913d1f)] - Fix minor typo in object\_lifetime\_management.md (Kelvin)
+* [[`6b8dd47c55`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6b8dd47c55)] - Added badge section to documentation. (NickNaso)
+* [[`89e62a9154`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/89e62a9154)] - **doc**: recommend tags of addon helpers (legendecas) [#683](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/683)
+* [[`ab018444ae`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ab018444ae)] - **src**: implement AsyncProgressQueueWorker (legendecas) [#585](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/585)
+* [[`d43da6ac2b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d43da6ac2b)] - **doc**: add @legendecas to active member list (legendecas)
+* [[`cb498bbe7f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/cb498bbe7f)] - **doc**: Add Napi::BigInt::New() overload for uint64\_t (ikokostya)
+* [[`baaaa8452c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/baaaa8452c)] - **doc**: link threadsafe function from JS function (legendecas)
+* [[`7f56a78ff7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7f56a78ff7)] - **objectwrap**: remove wrap only on failure (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`4d816183da`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4d816183da)] - **doc**: fix example code (András Timár, Dr) [#657](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/657)
+* [[`7ac6e21801`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7ac6e21801)] - **gyp**: fix gypfile name in index.js (Anna Henningsen) [#658](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/658)
+* [[`46484202ca`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/46484202ca)] - **test**: user data in function property descriptor (Kevin Eady) [#652](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/652)
+* [[`0f8d730483`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0f8d730483)] - **doc**: fix syntax error in example (András Timár, Dr) [#650](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/650)
+* [[`4e885069f1`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4e885069f1)] - **src**: call `napi\_remove\_wrap()` in `ObjectWrap` dtor (Anna Henningsen) [#475](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/475)
+* [[`2fde5c3ca3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2fde5c3ca3)] - **test**: update BigInt test for recent change in core (Michael Dawson) [#649](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/649)
+* [[`e8935bd8d9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e8935bd8d9)] - **test**: add test for own properties on ObjectWrap (Guenter Sandner) [#645](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/645)
+* [[`23ff7f0b24`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/23ff7f0b24)] - **src**: make OnWorkComplete and OnExecute override-able (legendecas) [#589](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/589)
+* [[`86384f94d3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/86384f94d3)] - **objectwrap**: gracefully handle constructor exceptions (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`9af69da01f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9af69da01f)] - remove N-API implementation, v6.x and v8.x support (Gabriel Schulhof) [#643](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/643)
+* [[`920d544779`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/920d544779)] - **benchmark**: add templated version of Function (Gabriel Schulhof) [#637](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/637)
+* [[`03759f7759`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/03759f7759)] - ignore benchmark built archives (legendecas) [#631](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/631)
+* [[`5eeabb0214`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5eeabb0214)] - **tsfn**: Remove erroneous finalizer cleanup (Kevin Eady) [#636](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/636)
+* [[`9e0e0f31e4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9e0e0f31e4)] - **src**: remove unnecessary forward declarations (Gabriel Schulhof) [#633](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/633)
+* [[`79deefb6f3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/79deefb6f3)] - **src**: explicitly disallow assign and copy (legendecas) [#590](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/590)
+* [[`af50ac281b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/af50ac281b)] - **error**: do not replace pending exception (Gabriel Schulhof) [#629](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/629)
+* [[`b72f1d6978`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b72f1d6978)] - Disable caching in ArrayBuffer (Tobias Nießen) [#611](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/611)
+* [[`0e7483eb7b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0e7483eb7b)] - Fix code format in tests (Tobias Nießen) [#617](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/617)
+* [[`6a0646356d`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6a0646356d)] - add benchmarking framework (Gabriel Schulhof) [#623](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/623)
+* [[`ffc71edd54`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ffc71edd54)] - Add Env::RunScript (Tobias Nießen) [#616](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/616)
+* [[`a1b106066e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a1b106066e)] - **src**: add templated function factories (Gabriel Schulhof) [#608](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/608)
+* [[`c584343217`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c584343217)] - Add GetPropertyNames, HasOwnProperty, Delete (#615) (Tobias Nießen) [#615](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/615)
+* [[`3acc4b32f5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/3acc4b32f5)] - Fix std::string encoding (#619) (Tobias Nießen) [#619](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/619)
+* [[`e71d0eadcc`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e71d0eadcc)] - \[doc\] Fixed links to array documentation (#613) (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`3dfb1f0591`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/3dfb1f0591)] - Change "WG" to "team" (Tobias Nießen)
+* [[`ce91e14860`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ce91e14860)] - **objectwrap**: add template methods (Dmitry Ashkadov) [#604](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/604)
+* [[`cfa71b60f7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/cfa71b60f7)] - **object**: add templated property descriptors (Gabriel Schulhof) [#610](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/610)
+* [[`734725e971`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/734725e971)] - Correctly define copy assignment operators. (Rolf Timmermans)
+
+## 2019-11-21 Version 2.0.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Added `Napi::AsyncProgressWorker` api.
+- Added error checking on `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction::GetContext`.
+- Added copy constructor to `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Added `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction::Ref` and `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction::Unref` to `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Added `Napi::Object::AddFinalizer` method.
+- Use `napi_add_finalizer()` to attach data when building against N-API 5.
+- Added `Napi::Date` api.
+- Added `Napi::ObjectWrap::Finalize` method.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Added documentation for `Napi::AsyncProgressWorker`.
+- Improve `Napi::AsyncWorker` documentation.
+- Added documentation for `Napi::Object::AddFinalizer` method.
+- Improved documentation for `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Improved documentation about the usage of CMake as build tool.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Added test cases for `Napi::AsyncProgressWorker` api.
+- Added test cases for `Napi::Date` api.
+- Added test cases for new features added to `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction`.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`c881168d49`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c881168d49)] - **tsfn**: add error checking on GetContext (#583) (Kevin Eady) [#583](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/583)
+* [[`24d75dd82f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/24d75dd82f)] - Merge pull request #588 from NickNaso/add-asyncprogress-worker-readme (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`aa79e37b62`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/aa79e37b62)] - Merge pull request #587 from timrach/patch-1 (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`df75e08c2b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/df75e08c2b)] - **tsfn**: support direct calls to underlying napi\_tsfn (Kevin Eady) [#58](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/58)
+* [[`2298dfae58`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2298dfae58)] - **doc**: Added AsyncProgressWorker to readme (NickNaso)
+* [[`b3609d33b6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b3609d33b6)] - Fix return type and declaration of setter callback (Tim Rach)
+* [[`295e560f55`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/295e560f55)] - **test**: improve guards for experimental features (legendecas)
+* [[`2e71842f63`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2e71842f63)] - **tsfn**: Implement copy constructor (Kevin Eady) [#546](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/546)
+* [[`650562cab9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/650562cab9)] - **src**: implement AsyncProgressWorker (legendecas) [#529](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/529)
+* [[`bdfd14101f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bdfd14101f)] - **src**: attach data with napi\_add\_finalizer (Gabriel Schulhof) [#577](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/577)
+* [[`9e955a802b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9e955a802b)] - **doc**: change node.js to Node.js per guideline (#579) (Tobias Nießen) [#579](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/579)
+* [[`b42e21e3a9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b42e21e3a9)] - **build**: move node/6 to travis allowed failures and add node/13 (#573) (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`8d6132f609`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8d6132f609)] - **doc**: improve AsyncWorker docs (#571) (legendecas) [#571](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/571)
+* [[`bc8fc23627`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bc8fc23627)] - **test**: do not run TSFN tests on NAPI\_VERSION \< 4 (legendecas) [#576](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/576)
+* [[`bcc1d58fc4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/bcc1d58fc4)] - implement Object::AddFinalizer (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [[`e9a4bcd52a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e9a4bcd52a)] - **doc**: updates Make.js doc to current best practices (Jim Schlight) [#558](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/558)
+* [[`b513d1aa7a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b513d1aa7a)] - **doc**: fix return type of ArrayBuffer::Data (Tobias Nießen) [#552](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/552)
+* [[`34c11cf0a4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/34c11cf0a4)] - **src**: disallow copying, double close of scopes (legendecas) [#566](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/566)
+* [[`ce139a05e8`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ce139a05e8)] - **src**: make failure of closing scopes fatal (legendecas) [#566](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/566)
+* [[`740c79823e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/740c79823e)] - **src**: add Env() to AsyncContext (Rolf Timmermans) [#568](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/568)
+* [[`ea9ce1c801`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ea9ce1c801)] - **tsfn**: add wrappers for Ref and Unref (Kevin Eady) [#561](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/561)
+* [[`2e1769e1a3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2e1769e1a3)] - **error**: remove unnecessary if condition (legendecas) [#562](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/562)
+* [[`828f223a87`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/828f223a87)] - **doc**: fix spelling in ObjectWrap doc (#563) (Tobias Nießen) [#563](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/563)
+* [[`dd9fa8a4a8`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/dd9fa8a4a8)] - **doc**: move Arunesh and Taylor to Emeritus (#540) (Michael Dawson) [#540](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/540)
+* [[`cf8b8415df`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/cf8b8415df)] - **doc**: add Kevin to the list of collaborators (#539) (Michael Dawson) [#539](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/539)
+* [[`5d6aeae7b5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5d6aeae7b5)] - **build**: enable travis for fast PR check (legendecas)
+* [[`6192e705cd`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6192e705cd)] - **src**: add napi\_date (Mathias Küsel) [#497](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/497)
+* [[`7b1ee96d52`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7b1ee96d52)] - **doc**: update prebuild\_tools.md (Nurbol Alpysbayev) [#527](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/527)
+* [[`0b4f3a5b8c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0b4f3a5b8c)] - **tsfn**: fix crash on releasing tsfn (legendecas) [#532](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/532)
+* [[`c3c8814d2f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c3c8814d2f)] - implement virutal ObjectWrap::Finalize (Michael Price) [#515](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/515)
+
+## 2019-07-23 Version 1.7.1, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Fixed compilation problems that happen on Node.js with N-API version less than 4.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`c20bcbd069`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c20bcbd069)] - Merge pull request #518 from NickNaso/master (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`6720d57253`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6720d57253)] - Create the native threadsafe\_function for test only for N-API greater than 3. (NickNaso)
+* [[`37b6c185ad`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/37b6c185ad)] - Fix compilation breakage on 1.7.0 (NickNaso)
+
+## 2019-07-23 Version 1.7.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Added `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction` api.
+- Added `Napi::AsyncWorker::GetResult()` method to `Napi::AsyncWorker`.
+- Added `Napi::AsyncWorker::Destroy()()` method to `Napi::AsyncWorker`.
+- Use full namespace on macros that create the errors.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Added documentation about contribution philosophy.
+- Added documentation for `Napi::ThreadSafeFunction`.
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Added test case for bool operator.
+- Fixed test case for `Napi::ObjectWrap`.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`717c9ab163`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/717c9ab163)] - **AsyncWorker**: add GetResult() method (Kevin Eady) [#512](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/512)
+* [[`d9d991bbc9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d9d991bbc9)] - **doc**: add ThreadSafeFunction to main README (#513) (Kevin Eady) [#513](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/513)
+* [[`ac6000d0fd`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ac6000d0fd)] - **doc**: fix minor typo (Yohei Kishimoto) [#510](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/510)
+* [[`e9fa1eaa86`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e9fa1eaa86)] - **doc**: document ThreadSafeFunction (#494) (Kevin Eady) [#494](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/494)
+* [[`cab3b1e2a2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/cab3b1e2a2)] - **doc**: ClassPropertyDescriptor example (Ross Weir) [#507](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/507)
+* [[`c32d7dbdcf`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c32d7dbdcf)] - **macros**: create errors fully namespaced (Gabriel Schulhof) [#506](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/506)
+* [[`0a90df2fcb`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0a90df2fcb)] - Implement ThreadSafeFunction class (Jinho Bang)
+* [[`1fb540eeb5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1fb540eeb5)] - Use curly brackets to include node\_api.h (NickNaso) [#493](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/493)
+* [[`b2b08122ea`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b2b08122ea)] - **AsyncWorker**: make callback optional (Kevin Eady) [#489](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/489)
+* [[`a0cac77c82`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a0cac77c82)] - Added test for bool operator (NickNaso) [#490](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/490)
+* [[`ab7d8fcc48`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ab7d8fcc48)] - **src**: fix objectwrap test case (Michael Dawson) [#495](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/495)
+* [[`3b6b9eb88a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/3b6b9eb88a)] - **AsyncWorker**: introduce Destroy() method (Gabriel Schulhof) [#488](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/488)
+* [[`f633fbd95d`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/f633fbd95d)] - string.md: Document existing New(env, value, length) APIs (Tux3) [#486](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/486)
+* [[`aaea55eda9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/aaea55eda9)] - Little fix on code example (Nicola Del Gobbo) [#470](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/470)
+* [[`e1cf9a35a1`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e1cf9a35a1)] - Use `Value::IsEmpty` to check for empty value (NickNaso) [#478](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/478)
+* [[`3ad5dfc7d9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/3ad5dfc7d9)] - Fix link (Alba Mendez) [#481](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/481)
+* [[`a3b4d99c45`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a3b4d99c45)] - **doc**: Add contribution philosophy doc (Hitesh Kanwathirtha)
+* [[`36863f087b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/36863f087b)] - **doc**: refer to TypedArray and ArrayBuffer from Array (Gabriel "_|Nix|_" Schulhof) [#465](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/465)
+
+## 2019-04-03 Version 1.6.3, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Added `SuppressDestruct` method to `Napi::AsyncWorker`.
+- Added new build targets for debug.
+- Exposed macros that throw errors.
+- Fixed memory leaks caused by callback data when a napi error occurs.
+- Fixed missing `void *data` usage in `Napi::PropertyDescriptors`.
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Some minor corrections all over the documentation.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`83b41c2fe4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/83b41c2fe4)] - Document adding -fvisibility=hidden flag for macOS users (Nicola Del Gobbo) [#460](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/460)
+* [[`1ed7ad8769`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1ed7ad8769)] - **doc**: correct return type of Int32Value to int32\_t (Bill Gallafent) [#459](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/459)
+* [[`b0f6b601aa`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b0f6b601aa)] - **src**: add AsyncWorker destruction suppression (Gabriel Schulhof) [#407](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/407)
+* [[`72b1975cff`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/72b1975cff)] - **doc**: fix links to the Property Descriptor docs (Ryuichi Okumura) [#458](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/458)
+* [[`fcfc612728`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fcfc612728)] - **build**: new build targets for debug purposes (Jinho Bang) [#186](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/186)
+* [[`c629553cd7`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c629553cd7)] - **doc**: minor doc corrections and clarifications (Bruce A. MacNaughton) [#426](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/426)
+* [[`7b87e0b999`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7b87e0b999)] - **doc**: update number.md (Bernardo Heynemann) [#436](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/436)
+* [[`fcf173d2a1`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fcf173d2a1)] - **src**: expose macros that throw errors (Gabriel Schulhof) [#448](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/448)
+* [[`b409a2f987`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b409a2f987)] - **package**: add npm search keywords (Sam Roberts) [#452](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/452)
+* [[`0bc7987806`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0bc7987806)] - **doc**: fix references to Weak and Persistent (Jake Barnes) [#428](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/428)
+* [[`ad6f569f85`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ad6f569f85)] - **doc**: dix typo (Abhishek Kumar Singh) [#435](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/435)
+* [[`28df833a49`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/28df833a49)] - Merge pull request #441 from jschlight/master (Jim Schlight)
+* [[`4921e74d83`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4921e74d83)] - Rearranges names to be alphabetical (Jim Schlight)
+* [[`48220335b0`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/48220335b0)] - Membership review update (Jim Schlight)
+* [[`44f0695533`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/44f0695533)] - Merge pull request #394 from NickNaso/create\_release (Nicola DelGobbo)
+* [[`fa49d68416`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fa49d68416)] - **doc**: fix some `Finalizer` signatures (Philipp Renoth) [#414](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/414)
+* [[`020ac4a628`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/020ac4a628)] - **src**: make `Object::GetPropertyNames()` const (Philipp Renoth)[#415](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/415)
+* [[`91eaa6f4cb`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/91eaa6f4cb)] - **src**: fix callbackData leaks on error napi status (Philipp Renoth) [#417](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/417)
+* [[`0b40275752`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0b40275752)] - **src**: fix noexcept control flow issues (Philipp Renoth) [#420](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/420)
+* [[`c1ff2936f9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c1ff2936f9)] - **src**: fix missing void\*data usage in PropertyDescriptors (Luciano Martorella) [#374](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/374)
+
+## 2018-11-29 Version 1.6.2, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### API
+
+- Fixed selection logic for version 6.x.
+
+### Commmits
+
+* [[`07a0fc4e95`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/07a0fc4e95)] - **src**: fix selection logic for 6.x (Michael Dawson) [#402](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/402)
+
+## 2018-11-14 Version 1.6.1, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Updated links for examples to point to node-addon-examples repo.
+- Fixed typos on some parts of documentation.
+
+#### API
+
+- Removed unused member on `Napi::CallbackScope`.
+- Enabled `Napi::CallbackScope` only with N-API v3.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`e7cd292a74`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e7cd292a74)] - **src**: remove unused CallbackScope member (Gabriel Schulhof) [#391](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/391)
+* [[`d47399fe25`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d47399fe25)] - **src**: guard CallbackScope with N-API v3 (Michael Dawson) [#395](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/395)
+* [[`29a0262ab9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/29a0262ab9)] - **doc**: fix typo (Dongjin Na) [#385](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/385)
+* [[`b6dc15b88d`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b6dc15b88d)] - **doc**: make links point to node-addon-examples repo (Nicola Del Gobbo) [#389](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/389)
+
+## 2018-11-02 Version 1.6.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Improved documentation about ABI stability.
+
+#### API
+
+- Add `Napi::CallbackScope` class that help to have the equivalent of the scope
+associated with a callback in place when making certain N-API calls
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Added tests for `Napi::Array` class.
+- Added tests for `Napi::ArrayBuffer` class.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`8ce605c657`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8ce605c657)] - **build**: avoid using package-lock.json (Jaeseok Yoon) [#359](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/359)
+* [[`fa3a6150b3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fa3a6150b3)] - **src**: use MakeCallback() -\> Call() in AsyncWorker (Jinho Bang) [#361](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/361)
+* [[`2342415463`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2342415463)] - **test**: create test objects in the stack instead of the heap (Dongjin Na) [#371](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/371)
+* [[`67b7db0a6f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/67b7db0a6f)] - **test**: write tests for Array class (Jaeseok Yoon) [#363](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/363)
+* [[`729f6dc4ee`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/729f6dc4ee)] - **test**: add arraybuffer tests (Dongjin Na) [#369](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/369)
+* [[`405f3e5b5b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/405f3e5b5b)] - **src**: implement CallbackScope class (Jinho Bang) [#362](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/362)
+* [[`015d95312f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/015d95312f)] - **doc**: fix Napi::Reference link (Gentilhomme) [#365](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/365)
+* [[`fd65078e3c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fd65078e3c)] - README.md: link to new ABI stability guide (Gabriel Schulhof) [#367](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/367)
+* [[`ffebf9ba9a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/ffebf9ba9a)] - Updates for release 1.5.0 (NickNaso)
+
+## 2018-10-03 Version 1.5.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Completed the documentation to cover all the API surface.
+- Numerous fixes to make documentation more consistent in all of its parts.
+
+#### API
+
+- Add `Napi::AsyncContext` class to handle asynchronous operation.
+- Add `Napi::BigInt` class to work with BigInt type.
+- Add `Napi::VersionManagement` class to retrieve the versions of Node.js and N-API.
+- Fix potential memory leaks.
+- DataView feature is enabled by default
+- Add descriptor for Symbols
+- Add new methods on `Napi::FunctionReference`.
+- Add the possibility to retrieve the environment on `Napi::Promise::Deferred`
+
+#### TOOL
+
+- Add tool to check if a native add-on is built using N-API
+
+#### TEST
+
+- Start to increase the test coverage
+- Fix in the test suite to better handle the experimental features that are not
+yet backported in the previous Node.js version.
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`2009c019af`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2009c019af)] - Merge pull request #292 from devsnek/feature/bigint (Gus Caplan)
+* [[`e44aca985e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e44aca985e)] - add bigint class (Gus Caplan)
+* [[`a3951ab973`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a3951ab973)] - Add documentation for Env(). (Rolf Timmermans) [#318](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/318)
+* [[`a6f7a6ad51`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a6f7a6ad51)] - Add Env() to Promise::Deferred. (Rolf Timmermans)
+* [[`0097e96b92`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0097e96b92)] - Fixed broken links for Symbol and String (NickNaso)
+* [[`b0ecd38d76`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b0ecd38d76)] - Fix Code of conduct link properly (#323) (Jake Yoon) [#323](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/323)
+* [[`223474900f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/223474900f)] - **doc**: update Version management (Dongjin Na) [#360](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/360)
+* [[`4f76262a10`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4f76262a10)] - **doc**: some fix on `Napi::Boolean` documentation (NickNaso) [#354](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/354)
+* [[`78374f72d2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/78374f72d2)] - **doc**: number documentation (NickNaso) [#356](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/356)
+* [[`51ffe453f8`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/51ffe453f8)] - **doc**: doc cleanup (NickNaso) [#353](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/353)
+* [[`fc11c944b2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fc11c944b2)] - **doc**: major doc cleanup (NickNaso) [#335](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/335)
+* [[`100d0a7cb2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/100d0a7cb2)] - **doc**: first pass on objectwrap documentation (NickNaso) [#321](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/321)
+* [[`c7d54180ff`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c7d54180ff)] - **doc**: the Napi::ObjectWrap example does not compile (Arnaud Botella) [#339](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/339)
+* [[`7cdd78726a`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7cdd78726a)] - **doc**: added cpp highlight for string.md (Jaeseok Yoon) [#329](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/329)
+* [[`8ed29f547c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/8ed29f547c)] - **doc**: add blurb about ABI stability (Gabriel Schulhof) [#326](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/326)
+* [[`757eb1f5a3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/757eb1f5a3)] - **doc**: add function and function reference doc (NickNaso) [#299](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/299)
+* [[`2885c18591`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2885c18591)] - **doc**: Create changelog for release 1.4.0 (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`917bd60baa`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/917bd60baa)] - **src**: remove TODOs by fixing memory leaks (Gabriel Schulhof) [#343](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/343)
+* [[`dfcb93945f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/dfcb93945f)] - **src**: implement AsyncContext class (Jinho Bang) [#252](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/252)
+* [[`211ed38d0d`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/211ed38d0d)] - **src**: make 'nothing' target a static library (Gabriel Schulhof) [#348](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/348)
+* [[`97c4ab5cf2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/97c4ab5cf2)] - **src**: add Call and MakeCallback that accept cargs (NickNaso) [#344](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/344)
+* [[`b6e2d92c09`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b6e2d92c09)] - **src**: enable DataView feature by default (Jinho) [#331](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/331)
+* [[`0a00e7c97b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/0a00e7c97b)] - **src**: implement missing descriptor defs for symbols (Philipp Renoth) [#280](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/280)
+* [[`38e01b7e3b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/38e01b7e3b)] - **src**: first pass on adding version management apis (NickNaso) [#325](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/325)
+* [[`79ee8381d2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/79ee8381d2)] - **src**: fix compile failure in test (Michael Dawson) [#345](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/345)
+* [[`4d92a6066f`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4d92a6066f)] - **src**: Add ObjectReference test case (Anisha Rohra) [#212](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/212)
+* [[`779560f397`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/779560f397)] - **test**: add operator overloading tests in Number (Your Name) [#355](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/355)
+* [[`73fed84ceb`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/73fed84ceb)] - **test**: add ability to control experimental tests (Michael Dawson) [#350](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/350)
+* [[`14c69abd46`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/14c69abd46)] - **test**: write tests for Boolean class (Jaeseok Yoon) [#328](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/328)
+* [[`2ad47a83b1`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2ad47a83b1)] - **test**: explicitly cast to uint32\_t in test (Gabriel Schulhof) [#341](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/341)
+* [[`622ffaea76`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/622ffaea76)] - **test**: Tighten up compiler warnings (Mikhail Cheshkov) [#315](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/315)
+* [[`fd3c37b0f2`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/fd3c37b0f2)] - **tools**: add tool to check for N-API modules (Gabriel Schulhof) [#346](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/346)
+
+## 2018-07-19 Version 1.4.0, @NickNaso
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### Documentation
+
+- Numerous additions to the documentation, filling out coverage
+  of API surface
+
+#### API
+
+- Add resource parameters to AsyncWorker constructor
+- Add memory management feature
+
+### Commits
+
+* [[`7dc5ac8bc3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7dc5ac8bc3)] - **doc**: update metadata for release (Nicola Del Gobbo)
+* [[`d68e86adb4`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/d68e86adb4)] - **doc**: Added documentation for PropertyDescriptor (Anisha Rohra) [#309](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/309)
+* [[`968a5f2000`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/968a5f2000)] - **doc**: Add documentation for ObjectReference.md (Anisha Rohra) [#307](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/307)
+* [[`908cdc314c`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/908cdc314c)] - **doc**: add `TypedArray` and `TypedArrayOf` (Kyle Farnung) [#305](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/305)
+* [[`2ff776ffe3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/2ff776ffe3)] - backport node::Persistent (Gabriel Schulhof) [#300](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/300)
+* [[`98161970c9`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/98161970c9)] - Backport perf, crash and exception handling fixes (Gabriel Schulhof) [#295](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/295)
+* [[`dd1191e086`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/dd1191e086)] - **test**: fix asyncworker test so it runs on 6.x (Michael Dawson) [#298](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/298)
+* [[`11697fcecd`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/11697fcecd)] - **doc**: ArrayBuffer and Buffer documentation (Kyle Farnung) [#256](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/256)
+* [[`605aa2babf`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/605aa2babf)] - Add memory management feature (NickNaso) [#286](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/286)
+* [[`86be13a611`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/86be13a611)] - **doc**: Fix HandleScope docs (Ben Berman) [#287](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/287)
+* [[`90f92c4dc0`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/90f92c4dc0)] - **doc**: Update broken links in README.md (Hitesh Kanwathirtha) [#290](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/290)
+* [[`c2a620dc11`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/c2a620dc11)] - **doc**: Clarify positioning versus N-API (Michael Dawson) [#288](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/288)
+* [[`6cff890ee5`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/6cff890ee5)] - **doc**: Fix typo in docs (Ben Berman) [#284](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/284)
+* [[`7394bfd154`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/7394bfd154)] - **doc**: Fix typo in docs (Ben Berman) [#285](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/285)
+* [[`12b2cdeed3`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/12b2cdeed3)] - fix test files (Kyle Farnung) [#257](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/257)
+* [[`9ab6607242`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9ab6607242)] - **doc**: Update Doc Version Number (joshgarde) [#277](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/277)
+* [[`e029a076c6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/e029a076c6)] - **doc**: First pass at basic Node Addon API docs (Hitesh Kanwathirtha) [#268](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/268)
+* [[`74ff79717e`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/74ff79717e)] - **doc**: fix link to async\_worker.md (Michael Dawson)
+* [[`5a63f45eda`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/5a63f45eda)] - **doc**: First step of error and async doc (NickNaso) [#272](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/272)
+* [[`9d38f61afb`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/9d38f61afb)] - **doc**: New Promise and Reference docs (Jim Schlight) [#243](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/243)
+* [[`43ff9fa836`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/43ff9fa836)] - **doc**: Updated Object documentation (Anisha Rohra) [#254](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/254)
+* [[`b197f7cc8b`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/b197f7cc8b)] - **doc**: minor typos (Nick Soggin) [#248](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/248)
+* [[`4b8918b352`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/4b8918b352)] - Add resource parameters to AsyncWorker constructor (Jinho Bang) [#253](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/253)
+* [[`1ecf7c19b6`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/1ecf7c19b6)] - **doc**: fix wrong link in readme (miloas) [#255](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/255)
+* [[`a750ed1932`](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/commit/a750ed1932)] - **release**: updates to metadata for next release (Michael Dawson)
+
+## 2018-05-08 Version 1.3.0, @mhdawson
+
+### Notable changes:
+
+#### Documentation
+- Added documentation for Scopes
+- Added documentation for migration from NAN
+- Update documentation to better explain the use of NODE_ADDON_API
+
+#### API
+- Implement data manipulation methods for dataview
+- Use built-in N-API on Node.js >= 6.14.2
+- Value
+  - Added IsExternal()
+  - IsObject() allow functions
+- String
+  - Fixed initialization of std::string to nullptr
+
+#### Tests
+- Fix test failures on linuxOne and AIX
+- Added basic tests for Scopes
+- Fix MSVC warning C4244 in tests
+
+### Commits
+
+* [386c2aeb74] - test: remove dep on later C++ feature (Michael Dawson) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/267
+* [10697734da] - Use built-in N-API on Node.js >= 6.14.2 (Gabriel Schulhof)
+* [75086da273] - test: add basic tests and doc for scopes (Michael Dawson) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/250
+* [341dbd25d5] - doc: update blurb explaining NODE_ADDON_API (Gabriel Schulhof) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/251
+* [cf6c93e4ee] - don't try to escape null (Michael Dawson) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/245
+* [15e4b35fc2] - test: fix MSVC warning C4244 in tests (Kyle Farnung) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/236
+* [7f3ca03b8e] - Create a doc for migration (Sampson Gao) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/118
+* [0a2177debe] - Fix test failures on linuxOne and AIX (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/232
+* [d567f4b6b5] - Added Napi::Value::IsExternal() (Eric Bickle) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/227
+* [1b0f0e004a] - Update node-gyp.md (Michele Campus) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/226
+* [faf19c4f7a] - Fixed initialization of std::string to nullptr (Eric Bickle) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/228
+* [9c4d321b57] - Implement data manipulation methods for dataview (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/218
+* [5a39fdca6f] - n-api: throw RangeError napi_create_typedarray() (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/216
+* [1376377202] - Make IsObject() allow functions (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/217
+* [673b59d319] - src: Initial implementation of DataView class (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/205
+* [0a899bf1c5] - doc: update indication of latest version (Michael Dawson) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/211
+* [17c74e5a5e] - n-api: RangeError in napi_create_dataview() (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/214
+* [4058a29989] - n-api: fix memory leak in napi_async_destroy() (Jinho Bang) https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/pull/213
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fad6667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+=====================
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 Node.js API collaborators
+-----------------------------------
+
+*Node.js API collaborators listed at <https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api#collaborators>*
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/README.md b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46f0ee5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+NOTE: The default branch has been renamed!
+master is now named main
+
+If you have a local clone, you can update it by running:
+
+```shell
+git branch -m master main
+git fetch origin
+git branch -u origin/main main
+```
+
+# **node-addon-api module**
+This module contains **header-only C++ wrapper classes** which simplify
+the use of the C based [Node-API](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html)
+provided by Node.js when using C++. It provides a C++ object model
+and exception handling semantics with low overhead.
+
+There are three options for implementing addons: Node-API, nan, or direct
+use of internal V8, libuv and Node.js libraries. Unless there is a need for
+direct access to functionality which is not exposed by Node-API as outlined
+in [C/C++ addons](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/addons.html)
+in Node.js core, use Node-API. Refer to
+[C/C++ addons with Node-API](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html)
+for more information on Node-API.
+
+Node-API is an ABI stable C interface provided by Node.js for building native
+addons. It is independent from the underlying JavaScript runtime (e.g. V8 or ChakraCore)
+and is maintained as part of Node.js itself. It is intended to insulate
+native addons from changes in the underlying JavaScript engine and allow
+modules compiled for one version to run on later versions of Node.js without
+recompilation.
+
+The `node-addon-api` module, which is not part of Node.js, preserves the benefits
+of the Node-API as it consists only of inline code that depends only on the stable API
+provided by Node-API. As such, modules built against one version of Node.js
+using node-addon-api should run without having to be rebuilt with newer versions
+of Node.js.
+
+It is important to remember that *other* Node.js interfaces such as
+`libuv` (included in a project via `#include <uv.h>`) are not ABI-stable across
+Node.js major versions. Thus, an addon must use Node-API and/or `node-addon-api`
+exclusively and build against a version of Node.js that includes an
+implementation of Node-API (meaning an active LTS version of Node.js) in
+order to benefit from ABI stability across Node.js major versions. Node.js
+provides an [ABI stability guide][] containing a detailed explanation of ABI
+stability in general, and the Node-API ABI stability guarantee in particular.
+
+As new APIs are added to Node-API, node-addon-api must be updated to provide
+wrappers for those new APIs. For this reason node-addon-api provides
+methods that allow callers to obtain the underlying Node-API handles so
+direct calls to Node-API and the use of the objects/methods provided by
+node-addon-api can be used together. For example, in order to be able
+to use an API for which the node-addon-api does not yet provide a wrapper.
+
+APIs exposed by node-addon-api are generally used to create and
+manipulate JavaScript values. Concepts and operations generally map
+to ideas specified in the **ECMA262 Language Specification**.
+
+The [Node-API Resource](https://nodejs.github.io/node-addon-examples/) offers an
+excellent orientation and tips for developers just getting started with Node-API
+and node-addon-api.
+
+- **[Setup](#setup)**
+- **[API Documentation](#api)**
+- **[Examples](#examples)**
+- **[Tests](#tests)**
+- **[More resource and info about native Addons](#resources)**
+- **[Badges](#badges)**
+- **[Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)**
+- **[Contributors](#contributors)**
+- **[License](#license)**
+
+## **Current version: 3.2.1**
+
+(See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for complete Changelog)
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/node-addon-api.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/node-addon-api/) [![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/node-addon-api.png?months=6&height=1)](https://nodei.co/npm/node-addon-api/)
+
+<a name="setup"></a>
+
+node-addon-api is based on [Node-API](https://nodejs.org/api/n-api.html) and supports using different Node-API versions.
+This allows addons built with it to run with Node.js versions which support the targeted Node-API version.
+**However** the node-addon-api support model is to support only the active LTS Node.js versions. This means that
+every year there will be a new major which drops support for the Node.js LTS version which has gone out of service.
+
+The oldest Node.js version supported by the current version of node-addon-api is Node.js 10.x.
+
+## Setup
+  - [Installation and usage](doc/setup.md)
+  - [node-gyp](doc/node-gyp.md)
+  - [cmake-js](doc/cmake-js.md)
+  - [Conversion tool](doc/conversion-tool.md)
+  - [Checker tool](doc/checker-tool.md)
+  - [Generator](doc/generator.md)
+  - [Prebuild tools](doc/prebuild_tools.md)
+
+<a name="api"></a>
+
+### **API Documentation**
+
+The following is the documentation for node-addon-api.
+
+ - [Full Class Hierarchy](doc/hierarchy.md)
+ - [Addon Structure](doc/addon.md)
+ - Data Types:
+    - [Env](doc/env.md)
+    - [CallbackInfo](doc/callbackinfo.md)
+    - [Reference](doc/reference.md)
+    - [Value](doc/value.md)
+        - [Name](doc/name.md)
+            - [Symbol](doc/symbol.md)
+            - [String](doc/string.md)
+        - [Number](doc/number.md)
+        - [Date](doc/date.md)
+        - [BigInt](doc/bigint.md)
+        - [Boolean](doc/boolean.md)
+        - [External](doc/external.md)
+        - [Object](doc/object.md)
+            - [Array](doc/array.md)
+            - [ObjectReference](doc/object_reference.md)
+    - [PropertyDescriptor](doc/property_descriptor.md)
+    - [Function](doc/function.md)
+        - [FunctionReference](doc/function_reference.md)
+    - [ObjectWrap](doc/object_wrap.md)
+        - [ClassPropertyDescriptor](doc/class_property_descriptor.md)
+    - [Buffer](doc/buffer.md)
+    - [ArrayBuffer](doc/array_buffer.md)
+    - [TypedArray](doc/typed_array.md)
+      - [TypedArrayOf](doc/typed_array_of.md)
+    - [DataView](doc/dataview.md)
+ - [Error Handling](doc/error_handling.md)
+    - [Error](doc/error.md)
+      - [TypeError](doc/type_error.md)
+      - [RangeError](doc/range_error.md)
+ - [Object Lifetime Management](doc/object_lifetime_management.md)
+    - [HandleScope](doc/handle_scope.md)
+    - [EscapableHandleScope](doc/escapable_handle_scope.md)
+ - [Memory Management](doc/memory_management.md)
+ - [Async Operations](doc/async_operations.md)
+    - [AsyncWorker](doc/async_worker.md)
+    - [AsyncContext](doc/async_context.md)
+    - [AsyncWorker Variants](doc/async_worker_variants.md)
+ - [Thread-safe Functions](doc/threadsafe.md)
+    - [ThreadSafeFunction](doc/threadsafe_function.md)
+    - [TypedThreadSafeFunction](doc/typed_threadsafe_function.md)
+ - [Promises](doc/promises.md)
+ - [Version management](doc/version_management.md)
+
+<a name="examples"></a>
+
+### **Examples**
+
+Are you new to **node-addon-api**? Take a look at our **[examples](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples)**
+
+- **[Hello World](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/1_hello_world/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Pass arguments to a function](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/2_function_arguments/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Callbacks](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/3_callbacks/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Object factory](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/4_object_factory/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Function factory](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/5_function_factory/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Wrapping C++ Object](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/6_object_wrap/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Factory of wrapped object](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/7_factory_wrap/node-addon-api)**
+- **[Passing wrapped object around](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-examples/tree/HEAD/8_passing_wrapped/node-addon-api)**
+
+<a name="tests"></a>
+
+### **Tests**
+
+To run the **node-addon-api** tests do:
+
+```
+npm install
+npm test
+```
+
+To avoid testing the deprecated portions of the API run
+```
+npm install
+npm test --disable-deprecated
+```
+
+To run the tests targeting a specific version of Node-API run
+```
+npm install
+export NAPI_VERSION=X
+npm test --NAPI_VERSION=X
+```
+
+where X is the version of Node-API you want to target.
+
+### **Debug**
+
+To run the **node-addon-api** tests with `--debug` option:
+
+```
+npm run-script dev
+```
+
+If you want faster build, you might use the following option:
+
+```
+npm run-script dev:incremental
+```
+
+Take a look and get inspired by our **[test suite](https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/tree/HEAD/test)**
+
+### **Benchmarks**
+
+You can run the available benchmarks using the following command:
+
+```
+npm run-script benchmark
+```
+
+See [benchmark/README.md](benchmark/README.md) for more details about running and adding benchmarks.
+
+<a name="resources"></a>
+
+### **More resource and info about native Addons**
+- **[C++ Addons](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/addons.html)**
+- **[Node-API](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html)**
+- **[Node-API - Next Generation Node API for Native Modules](https://youtu.be/-Oniup60Afs)**
+- **[How We Migrated Realm JavaScript From NAN to Node-API](https://developer.mongodb.com/article/realm-javascript-nan-to-n-api)**
+
+As node-addon-api's core mission is to expose the plain C Node-API as C++
+wrappers, tools that facilitate n-api/node-addon-api providing more
+convenient patterns on developing a Node.js add-ons with n-api/node-addon-api
+can be published to NPM as standalone packages. It is also recommended to tag
+such packages with `node-addon-api` to provide more visibility to the community.
+
+Quick links to NPM searches: [keywords:node-addon-api](https://www.npmjs.com/search?q=keywords%3Anode-addon-api).
+
+<a name="other-bindings"></a>
+
+### **Other bindings**
+
+- **[napi-rs](https://napi.rs)** - (`Rust`)
+
+<a name="badges"></a>
+
+### **Badges**
+
+The use of badges is recommended to indicate the minimum version of Node-API
+required for the module. This helps to determine which Node.js major versions are
+supported. Addon maintainers can consult the [Node-API support matrix][] to determine
+which Node.js versions provide a given Node-API version. The following badges are
+available:
+
+![Node-API v1 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v1%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v2 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v2%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v3 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v3%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v4 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v4%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v5 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v5%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v6 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v6%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v7 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v7%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API v8 Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20v8%20Badge.svg)
+![Node-API Experimental Version Badge](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/doc/assets/Node-API%20Experimental%20Version%20Badge.svg)
+
+## **Contributing**
+
+We love contributions from the community to **node-addon-api**!
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for more details on our philosophy around extending this module.
+
+<a name="contributors"></a>
+
+## Team members
+
+### Active
+| Name                | GitHub Link                                           |
+| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| Anna Henningsen     | [addaleax](https://github.com/addaleax)               |
+| Chengzhong Wu       | [legendecas](https://github.com/legendecas)           |
+| Gabriel Schulhof    | [gabrielschulhof](https://github.com/gabrielschulhof) |
+| Jim Schlight        | [jschlight](https://github.com/jschlight)             |
+| Michael Dawson      | [mhdawson](https://github.com/mhdawson)               |
+| Kevin Eady          | [KevinEady](https://github.com/KevinEady)
+| Nicola Del Gobbo    | [NickNaso](https://github.com/NickNaso)               |
+
+### Emeritus
+| Name                | GitHub Link                                           |
+| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| Arunesh Chandra     | [aruneshchandra](https://github.com/aruneshchandra)   |
+| Benjamin Byholm     | [kkoopa](https://github.com/kkoopa)                   |
+| Jason Ginchereau    | [jasongin](https://github.com/jasongin)               |
+| Hitesh Kanwathirtha | [digitalinfinity](https://github.com/digitalinfinity) |
+| Sampson Gao         | [sampsongao](https://github.com/sampsongao)           |
+| Taylor Woll         | [boingoing](https://github.com/boingoing)             |
+
+<a name="license"></a>
+
+Licensed under [MIT](./LICENSE.md)
+
+[ABI stability guide]: https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/abi-stability/
+[Node-API support matrix]: https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html#n_api_n_api_version_matrix
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/common.gypi b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/common.gypi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9be254f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/common.gypi
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  'variables': {
+    'NAPI_VERSION%': "<!(node -p \"process.versions.napi\")",
+    'disable_deprecated': "<!(node -p \"process.env['npm_config_disable_deprecated']\")"
+  },
+  'conditions': [
+    ['NAPI_VERSION!=""', { 'defines': ['NAPI_VERSION=<@(NAPI_VERSION)'] } ],
+    ['disable_deprecated=="true"', {
+      'defines': ['NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED']
+    }],
+    ['OS=="mac"', {
+      'cflags+': ['-fvisibility=hidden'],
+      'xcode_settings': {
+        'OTHER_CFLAGS': ['-fvisibility=hidden']
+      }
+    }]
+  ],
+  'include_dirs': ["<!(node -p \"require('../').include_dir\")"],
+  'cflags': [ '-Werror', '-Wall', '-Wextra', '-Wpedantic', '-Wunused-parameter' ],
+  'cflags_cc': [ '-Werror', '-Wall', '-Wextra', '-Wpedantic', '-Wunused-parameter' ]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/except.gypi b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/except.gypi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f295d10a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/except.gypi
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  'defines': [ 'NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS' ],
+  'cflags!': [ '-fno-exceptions' ],
+  'cflags_cc!': [ '-fno-exceptions' ],
+  'msvs_settings': {
+    'VCCLCompilerTool': {
+      'ExceptionHandling': 1,
+      'EnablePREfast': 'true',
+    },
+  },
+  'xcode_settings': {
+    'CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY': 'libc++',
+    'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.7',
+    'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS': 'YES',
+  },
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/index.js b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fa51c583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const path = require('path');
+
+const include_dir = path.relative('.', __dirname);
+
+module.exports = {
+  include: `"${__dirname}"`, // deprecated, can be removed as part of 4.0.0
+  include_dir,
+  gyp: path.join(include_dir, 'node_api.gyp:nothing'),
+  isNodeApiBuiltin: true,
+  needsFlag: false
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi-inl.deprecated.h b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi-inl.deprecated.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51e954cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi-inl.deprecated.h
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#ifndef SRC_NAPI_INL_DEPRECATED_H_
+#define SRC_NAPI_INL_DEPRECATED_H_
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// PropertyDescriptor class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                             Getter getter,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* /*data*/) {
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Getter, Napi::Value>;
+  // TODO: Delete when the function is destroyed
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, nullptr });
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::Wrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return Accessor(utf8name.c_str(), getter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(napi_value name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* /*data*/) {
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Getter, Napi::Value>;
+  // TODO: Delete when the function is destroyed
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, nullptr });
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr,
+    name,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::Wrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Name name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  napi_value nameValue = name;
+  return PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(nameValue, getter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* /*data*/) {
+  using CbData = details::AccessorCallbackData<Getter, Setter>;
+  // TODO: Delete when the function is destroyed
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, setter, nullptr });
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::GetterWrapper,
+    CbData::SetterWrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return Accessor(utf8name.c_str(), getter, setter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(napi_value name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* /*data*/) {
+  using CbData = details::AccessorCallbackData<Getter, Setter>;
+  // TODO: Delete when the function is destroyed
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, setter, nullptr });
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr,
+    name,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::GetterWrapper,
+    CbData::SetterWrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Name name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  napi_value nameValue = name;
+  return PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(nameValue, getter, setter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(const char* utf8name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* /*data*/) {
+  using ReturnType = decltype(cb(CallbackInfo(nullptr, nullptr)));
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Callable, ReturnType>;
+  // TODO: Delete when the function is destroyed
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ cb, nullptr });
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::Wrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return Function(utf8name.c_str(), cb, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(napi_value name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* /*data*/) {
+  using ReturnType = decltype(cb(CallbackInfo(nullptr, nullptr)));
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Callable, ReturnType>;
+  // TODO: Delete when the function is destroyed
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ cb, nullptr });
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr,
+    name,
+    CbData::Wrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(Name name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  napi_value nameValue = name;
+  return PropertyDescriptor::Function(nameValue, cb, attributes, data);
+}
+
+#endif // !SRC_NAPI_INL_DEPRECATED_H_
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi-inl.h b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e9dd726a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5671 @@
+#ifndef SRC_NAPI_INL_H_
+#define SRC_NAPI_INL_H_
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Node-API C++ Wrapper Classes
+//
+// Inline header-only implementations for "Node-API" ABI-stable C APIs for
+// Node.js.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Note: Do not include this file directly! Include "napi.h" instead.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Napi {
+
+// Helpers to handle functions exposed from C++.
+namespace details {
+
+// Attach a data item to an object and delete it when the object gets
+// garbage-collected.
+// TODO: Replace this code with `napi_add_finalizer()` whenever it becomes
+// available on all supported versions of Node.js.
+template <typename FreeType>
+static inline napi_status AttachData(napi_env env,
+                                     napi_value obj,
+                                     FreeType* data,
+                                     napi_finalize finalizer = nullptr,
+                                     void* hint = nullptr) {
+  napi_status status;
+  if (finalizer == nullptr) {
+    finalizer = [](napi_env /*env*/, void* data, void* /*hint*/) {
+      delete static_cast<FreeType*>(data);
+    };
+  }
+#if (NAPI_VERSION < 5)
+  napi_value symbol, external;
+  status = napi_create_symbol(env, nullptr, &symbol);
+  if (status == napi_ok) {
+    status = napi_create_external(env,
+                              data,
+                              finalizer,
+                              hint,
+                              &external);
+    if (status == napi_ok) {
+      napi_property_descriptor desc = {
+        nullptr,
+        symbol,
+        nullptr,
+        nullptr,
+        nullptr,
+        external,
+        napi_default,
+        nullptr
+      };
+      status = napi_define_properties(env, obj, 1, &desc);
+    }
+  }
+#else  // NAPI_VERSION >= 5
+  status = napi_add_finalizer(env, obj, data, finalizer, hint, nullptr);
+#endif
+  return status;
+}
+
+// For use in JS to C++ callback wrappers to catch any Napi::Error exceptions
+// and rethrow them as JavaScript exceptions before returning from the callback.
+template <typename Callable>
+inline napi_value WrapCallback(Callable callback) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    return callback();
+  } catch (const Error& e) {
+    e.ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  // When C++ exceptions are disabled, errors are immediately thrown as JS
+  // exceptions, so there is no need to catch and rethrow them here.
+  return callback();
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+// For use in JS to C++ void callback wrappers to catch any Napi::Error
+// exceptions and rethrow them as JavaScript exceptions before returning from the
+// callback.
+template <typename Callable>
+inline void WrapVoidCallback(Callable callback) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    callback();
+  } catch (const Error& e) {
+    e.ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+  }
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  // When C++ exceptions are disabled, errors are immediately thrown as JS
+  // exceptions, so there is no need to catch and rethrow them here.
+  callback();
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+template <typename Callable, typename Return>
+struct CallbackData {
+  static inline
+  napi_value Wrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      CallbackData* callbackData =
+        static_cast<CallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      return callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+    });
+  }
+
+  Callable callback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+template <typename Callable>
+struct CallbackData<Callable, void> {
+  static inline
+  napi_value Wrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      CallbackData* callbackData =
+        static_cast<CallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+      return nullptr;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Callable callback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+template <void (*Callback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+static napi_value
+TemplatedVoidCallback(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    Callback(cbInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <Napi::Value (*Callback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+static napi_value
+TemplatedCallback(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    return Callback(cbInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T,
+          Napi::Value (T::*UnwrapCallback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+static napi_value
+TemplatedInstanceCallback(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(cbInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    return (instance->*UnwrapCallback)(cbInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T, void (T::*UnwrapCallback)(const CallbackInfo& info)>
+static napi_value
+TemplatedInstanceVoidCallback(napi_env env,
+                              napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(cbInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    (instance->*UnwrapCallback)(cbInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Finalizer, typename Hint = void>
+struct FinalizeData {
+  static inline void Wrapper(napi_env env,
+                             void* data,
+                             void* finalizeHint) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    WrapVoidCallback([&] {
+      FinalizeData* finalizeData = static_cast<FinalizeData*>(finalizeHint);
+      finalizeData->callback(Env(env), static_cast<T*>(data));
+      delete finalizeData;
+    });
+  }
+
+  static inline void WrapperWithHint(napi_env env,
+                                     void* data,
+                                     void* finalizeHint) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+    WrapVoidCallback([&] {
+      FinalizeData* finalizeData = static_cast<FinalizeData*>(finalizeHint);
+      finalizeData->callback(Env(env), static_cast<T*>(data), finalizeData->hint);
+      delete finalizeData;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Finalizer callback;
+  Hint* hint;
+};
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__))
+template <typename ContextType=void,
+          typename Finalizer=std::function<void(Env, void*, ContextType*)>,
+          typename FinalizerDataType=void>
+struct ThreadSafeFinalize {
+  static inline
+  void Wrapper(napi_env env, void* rawFinalizeData, void* /* rawContext */) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr)
+      return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env));
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  static inline
+  void FinalizeWrapperWithData(napi_env env,
+                               void* rawFinalizeData,
+                               void* /* rawContext */) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr)
+      return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env), finalizeData->data);
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  static inline
+  void FinalizeWrapperWithContext(napi_env env,
+                                  void* rawFinalizeData,
+                                  void* rawContext) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr)
+      return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env), static_cast<ContextType*>(rawContext));
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  static inline
+  void FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext(napi_env env,
+                                         void* rawFinalizeData,
+                                         void* rawContext) {
+    if (rawFinalizeData == nullptr)
+      return;
+
+    ThreadSafeFinalize* finalizeData =
+        static_cast<ThreadSafeFinalize*>(rawFinalizeData);
+    finalizeData->callback(Env(env), finalizeData->data,
+        static_cast<ContextType*>(rawContext));
+    delete finalizeData;
+  }
+
+  FinalizerDataType* data;
+  Finalizer callback;
+};
+
+template <typename ContextType, typename DataType, typename CallJs, CallJs call>
+typename std::enable_if<call != nullptr>::type static inline CallJsWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_value jsCallback, void* context, void* data) {
+  call(env,
+       Function(env, jsCallback),
+       static_cast<ContextType*>(context),
+       static_cast<DataType*>(data));
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType, typename DataType, typename CallJs, CallJs call>
+typename std::enable_if<call == nullptr>::type static inline CallJsWrapper(
+    napi_env env, napi_value jsCallback, void* /*context*/, void* /*data*/) {
+  if (jsCallback != nullptr) {
+    Function(env, jsCallback).Call(0, nullptr);
+  }
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+
+template <typename CallbackType, typename TSFN>
+napi_value DefaultCallbackWrapper(napi_env /*env*/, std::nullptr_t /*cb*/) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename CallbackType, typename TSFN>
+napi_value DefaultCallbackWrapper(napi_env /*env*/, Napi::Function cb) {
+  return cb;
+}
+
+#else
+template <typename CallbackType, typename TSFN>
+napi_value DefaultCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, Napi::Function cb) {
+  if (cb.IsEmpty()) {
+    return TSFN::EmptyFunctionFactory(env);
+  }
+  return cb;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 4
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__)
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+struct AccessorCallbackData {
+  static inline
+  napi_value GetterWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      AccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+        static_cast<AccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      return callbackData->getterCallback(callbackInfo);
+    });
+  }
+
+  static inline
+  napi_value SetterWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+    return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+      AccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+        static_cast<AccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+      callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+      callbackData->setterCallback(callbackInfo);
+      return nullptr;
+    });
+  }
+
+  Getter getterCallback;
+  Setter setterCallback;
+  void* data;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+
+#ifndef NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+# include "napi-inl.deprecated.h"
+#endif // !NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Module registration
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Register an add-on based on an initializer function.
+#define NODE_API_MODULE(modname, regfunc)                                      \
+  static napi_value __napi_##regfunc(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {       \
+    return Napi::RegisterModule(env, exports, regfunc);                        \
+  }                                                                            \
+  NAPI_MODULE(modname, __napi_##regfunc)
+
+// Register an add-on based on a subclass of `Addon<T>` with a custom Node.js
+// module name.
+#define NODE_API_NAMED_ADDON(modname, classname)                 \
+  static napi_value __napi_ ## classname(napi_env env,           \
+                                         napi_value exports) {   \
+    return Napi::RegisterModule(env, exports, &classname::Init); \
+  }                                                              \
+  NAPI_MODULE(modname, __napi_ ## classname)
+
+// Register an add-on based on a subclass of `Addon<T>` with the Node.js module
+// name given by node-gyp from the `target_name` in binding.gyp.
+#define NODE_API_ADDON(classname) \
+  NODE_API_NAMED_ADDON(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, classname)
+
+// Adapt the NAPI_MODULE registration function:
+//  - Wrap the arguments in NAPI wrappers.
+//  - Catch any NAPI errors and rethrow as JS exceptions.
+inline napi_value RegisterModule(napi_env env,
+                                 napi_value exports,
+                                 ModuleRegisterCallback registerCallback) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    return napi_value(registerCallback(Napi::Env(env),
+                                       Napi::Object(env, exports)));
+  });
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Env class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Env::Env(napi_env env) : _env(env) {
+}
+
+inline Env::operator napi_env() const {
+  return _env;
+}
+
+inline Object Env::Global() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_global(*this, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(*this, status, Object());
+  return Object(*this, value);
+}
+
+inline Value Env::Undefined() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_undefined(*this, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(*this, status, Value());
+  return Value(*this, value);
+}
+
+inline Value Env::Null() const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_null(*this, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(*this, status, Value());
+  return Value(*this, value);
+}
+
+inline bool Env::IsExceptionPending() const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_exception_pending(_env, &result);
+  if (status != napi_ok) result = false; // Checking for a pending exception shouldn't throw.
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline Error Env::GetAndClearPendingException() {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_and_clear_last_exception(_env, &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    // Don't throw another exception when failing to get the exception!
+    return Error();
+  }
+  return Error(_env, value);
+}
+
+inline Value Env::RunScript(const char* utf8script) {
+  String script = String::New(_env, utf8script);
+  return RunScript(script);
+}
+
+inline Value Env::RunScript(const std::string& utf8script) {
+  return RunScript(utf8script.c_str());
+}
+
+inline Value Env::RunScript(String script) {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_run_script(_env, script, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Undefined());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+template <typename T, Env::Finalizer<T> fini>
+inline void Env::SetInstanceData(T* data) {
+  napi_status status =
+    napi_set_instance_data(_env, data, [](napi_env env, void* data, void*) {
+      fini(env, static_cast<T*>(data));
+    }, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType,
+          typename HintType,
+          Napi::Env::FinalizerWithHint<DataType, HintType> fini>
+inline void Env::SetInstanceData(DataType* data, HintType* hint) {
+  napi_status status =
+    napi_set_instance_data(_env, data,
+      [](napi_env env, void* data, void* hint) {
+        fini(env, static_cast<DataType*>(data), static_cast<HintType*>(hint));
+      }, hint);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* Env::GetInstanceData() {
+  void* data = nullptr;
+
+  napi_status status = napi_get_instance_data(_env, &data);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, nullptr);
+
+  return static_cast<T*>(data);
+}
+
+template <typename T> void Env::DefaultFini(Env, T* data) {
+  delete data;
+}
+
+template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+void Env::DefaultFiniWithHint(Env, DataType* data, HintType*) {
+  delete data;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Value class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Value::Value() : _env(nullptr), _value(nullptr) {
+}
+
+inline Value::Value(napi_env env, napi_value value) : _env(env), _value(value) {
+}
+
+inline Value::operator napi_value() const {
+  return _value;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::operator ==(const Value& other) const {
+  return StrictEquals(other);
+}
+
+inline bool Value::operator !=(const Value& other) const {
+  return !this->operator ==(other);
+}
+
+inline bool Value::StrictEquals(const Value& other) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_strict_equals(_env, *this, other, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env Value::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsEmpty() const {
+  return _value == nullptr;
+}
+
+inline napi_valuetype Value::Type() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return napi_undefined;
+  }
+
+  napi_valuetype type;
+  napi_status status = napi_typeof(_env, _value, &type);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, napi_undefined);
+  return type;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsUndefined() const {
+  return Type() == napi_undefined;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsNull() const {
+  return Type() == napi_null;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsBoolean() const {
+  return Type() == napi_boolean;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsNumber() const {
+  return Type() == napi_number;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+inline bool Value::IsBigInt() const {
+  return Type() == napi_bigint;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+inline bool Value::IsDate() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_date(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool Value::IsString() const {
+  return Type() == napi_string;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsSymbol() const {
+  return Type() == napi_symbol;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsArray() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_array(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsArrayBuffer() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_arraybuffer(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsTypedArray() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_typedarray(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsObject() const {
+  return Type() == napi_object || IsFunction();
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsFunction() const {
+  return Type() == napi_function;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsPromise() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_promise(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsDataView() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_dataview(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsBuffer() const {
+  if (IsEmpty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_buffer(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Value::IsExternal() const {
+  return Type() == napi_external;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Value::As() const {
+  return T(_env, _value);
+}
+
+inline Boolean Value::ToBoolean() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_bool(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Boolean());
+  return Boolean(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Number Value::ToNumber() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_number(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Number());
+  return Number(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline String Value::ToString() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_string(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, String());
+  return String(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Object Value::ToObject() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_coerce_to_object(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Object());
+  return Object(_env, result);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Boolean class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Boolean Boolean::New(napi_env env, bool val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_boolean(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Boolean());
+  return Boolean(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Boolean::Boolean() : Napi::Value() {
+}
+
+inline Boolean::Boolean(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Napi::Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline Boolean::operator bool() const {
+  return Value();
+}
+
+inline bool Boolean::Value() const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_bool(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Number class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Number Number::New(napi_env env, double val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_double(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Number());
+  return Number(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Number::Number() : Value() {
+}
+
+inline Number::Number(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline Number::operator int32_t() const {
+  return Int32Value();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator uint32_t() const {
+  return Uint32Value();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator int64_t() const {
+  return Int64Value();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator float() const {
+  return FloatValue();
+}
+
+inline Number::operator double() const {
+  return DoubleValue();
+}
+
+inline int32_t Number::Int32Value() const {
+  int32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_int32(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline uint32_t Number::Uint32Value() const {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_uint32(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline int64_t Number::Int64Value() const {
+  int64_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_int64(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline float Number::FloatValue() const {
+  return static_cast<float>(DoubleValue());
+}
+
+inline double Number::DoubleValue() const {
+  double result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_double(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BigInt Class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline BigInt BigInt::New(napi_env env, int64_t val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_bigint_int64(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, BigInt());
+  return BigInt(env, value);
+}
+
+inline BigInt BigInt::New(napi_env env, uint64_t val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_bigint_uint64(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, BigInt());
+  return BigInt(env, value);
+}
+
+inline BigInt BigInt::New(napi_env env, int sign_bit, size_t word_count, const uint64_t* words) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_bigint_words(env, sign_bit, word_count, words, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, BigInt());
+  return BigInt(env, value);
+}
+
+inline BigInt::BigInt() : Value() {
+}
+
+inline BigInt::BigInt(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline int64_t BigInt::Int64Value(bool* lossless) const {
+  int64_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_bigint_int64(
+      _env, _value, &result, lossless);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline uint64_t BigInt::Uint64Value(bool* lossless) const {
+  uint64_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_bigint_uint64(
+      _env, _value, &result, lossless);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline size_t BigInt::WordCount() const {
+  size_t word_count;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_bigint_words(
+      _env, _value, nullptr, &word_count, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return word_count;
+}
+
+inline void BigInt::ToWords(int* sign_bit, size_t* word_count, uint64_t* words) {
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_bigint_words(
+      _env, _value, sign_bit, word_count, words);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Date Class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Date Date::New(napi_env env, double val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_date(env, val, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Date());
+  return Date(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Date::Date() : Value() {
+}
+
+inline Date::Date(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline Date::operator double() const {
+  return ValueOf();
+}
+
+inline double Date::ValueOf() const {
+  double result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_date_value(
+      _env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Name class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Name::Name() : Value() {
+}
+
+inline Name::Name(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// String class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const std::string& val) {
+  return String::New(env, val.c_str(), val.size());
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const std::u16string& val) {
+  return String::New(env, val.c_str(), val.size());
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char* val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, val, std::strlen(val), &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char16_t* val) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf16(env, val, std::u16string(val).size(), &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char* val, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, val, length, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String String::New(napi_env env, const char16_t* val, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf16(env, val, length, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, String());
+  return String(env, value);
+}
+
+inline String::String() : Name() {
+}
+
+inline String::String(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Name(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline String::operator std::string() const {
+  return Utf8Value();
+}
+
+inline String::operator std::u16string() const {
+  return Utf16Value();
+}
+
+inline std::string String::Utf8Value() const {
+  size_t length;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_string_utf8(_env, _value, nullptr, 0, &length);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, "");
+
+  std::string value;
+  value.reserve(length + 1);
+  value.resize(length);
+  status = napi_get_value_string_utf8(_env, _value, &value[0], value.capacity(), nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, "");
+  return value;
+}
+
+inline std::u16string String::Utf16Value() const {
+  size_t length;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_string_utf16(_env, _value, nullptr, 0, &length);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(""));
+
+  std::u16string value;
+  value.reserve(length + 1);
+  value.resize(length);
+  status = napi_get_value_string_utf16(_env, _value, &value[0], value.capacity(), nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(""));
+  return value;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Symbol class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, const char* description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = description != nullptr ?
+    String::New(env, description) : static_cast<napi_value>(nullptr);
+  return Symbol::New(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, const std::string& description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = String::New(env, description);
+  return Symbol::New(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, String description) {
+  napi_value descriptionValue = description;
+  return Symbol::New(env, descriptionValue);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::New(napi_env env, napi_value description) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_symbol(env, description, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Symbol());
+  return Symbol(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Symbol Symbol::WellKnown(napi_env env, const std::string& name) {
+  return Napi::Env(env).Global().Get("Symbol").As<Object>().Get(name).As<Symbol>();
+}
+
+inline Symbol::Symbol() : Name() {
+}
+
+inline Symbol::Symbol(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Name(env, value) {
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Automagic value creation
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace details {
+template <typename T>
+struct vf_number {
+  static Number From(napi_env env, T value) {
+    return Number::New(env, static_cast<double>(value));
+  }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct vf_number<bool> {
+  static Boolean From(napi_env env, bool value) {
+    return Boolean::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+struct vf_utf8_charp {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const char* value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+struct vf_utf16_charp {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const char16_t* value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+struct vf_utf8_string {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const std::string& value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+struct vf_utf16_string {
+  static String From(napi_env env, const std::u16string& value) {
+    return String::New(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct vf_fallback {
+  static Value From(napi_env env, const T& value) {
+    return Value(env, value);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename...> struct disjunction : std::false_type {};
+template <typename B> struct disjunction<B> : B {};
+template <typename B, typename... Bs>
+struct disjunction<B, Bs...>
+    : std::conditional<bool(B::value), B, disjunction<Bs...>>::type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct can_make_string
+    : disjunction<typename std::is_convertible<T, const char *>::type,
+                  typename std::is_convertible<T, const char16_t *>::type,
+                  typename std::is_convertible<T, std::string>::type,
+                  typename std::is_convertible<T, std::u16string>::type> {};
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Value Value::From(napi_env env, const T& value) {
+  using Helper = typename std::conditional<
+    std::is_integral<T>::value || std::is_floating_point<T>::value,
+    details::vf_number<T>,
+    typename std::conditional<
+      details::can_make_string<T>::value,
+      String,
+      details::vf_fallback<T>
+    >::type
+  >::type;
+  return Helper::From(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+String String::From(napi_env env, const T& value) {
+  struct Dummy {};
+  using Helper = typename std::conditional<
+    std::is_convertible<T, const char*>::value,
+    details::vf_utf8_charp,
+    typename std::conditional<
+      std::is_convertible<T, const char16_t*>::value,
+      details::vf_utf16_charp,
+      typename std::conditional<
+        std::is_convertible<T, std::string>::value,
+        details::vf_utf8_string,
+        typename std::conditional<
+          std::is_convertible<T, std::u16string>::value,
+          details::vf_utf16_string,
+          Dummy
+        >::type
+      >::type
+    >::type
+  >::type;
+  return Helper::From(env, value);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Object class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename Key>
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Key>::operator Value() const {
+  return Object(_env, _object).Get(_key);
+}
+
+template <typename Key> template <typename ValueType>
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Key>& Object::PropertyLValue<Key>::operator =(ValueType value) {
+  Object(_env, _object).Set(_key, value);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Key>
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<Key>::PropertyLValue(Object object, Key key)
+  : _env(object.Env()), _object(object), _key(key) {}
+
+inline Object Object::New(napi_env env) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_object(env, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Object());
+  return Object(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Object::Object() : Value() {
+}
+
+inline Object::Object(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<std::string> Object::operator [](const char* utf8name) {
+  return PropertyLValue<std::string>(*this, utf8name);
+}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<std::string> Object::operator [](const std::string& utf8name) {
+  return PropertyLValue<std::string>(*this, utf8name);
+}
+
+inline Object::PropertyLValue<uint32_t> Object::operator [](uint32_t index) {
+  return PropertyLValue<uint32_t>(*this, index);
+}
+
+inline Value Object::operator [](const char* utf8name) const {
+  return Get(utf8name);
+}
+
+inline Value Object::operator [](const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Get(utf8name);
+}
+
+inline Value Object::operator [](uint32_t index) const {
+  return Get(index);
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Has(napi_value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Has(Value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Has(const char* utf8name) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_named_property(_env, _value, utf8name, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Has(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Has(utf8name.c_str());
+}
+
+inline bool Object::HasOwnProperty(napi_value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_own_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::HasOwnProperty(Value key) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_own_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::HasOwnProperty(const char* utf8name) const {
+  napi_value key;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(_env, utf8name, std::strlen(utf8name), &key);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return HasOwnProperty(key);
+}
+
+inline bool Object::HasOwnProperty(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return HasOwnProperty(utf8name.c_str());
+}
+
+inline Value Object::Get(napi_value key) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Value Object::Get(Value key) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Value Object::Get(const char* utf8name) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_named_property(_env, _value, utf8name, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Value Object::Get(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  return Get(utf8name.c_str());
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline bool Object::Set(napi_value key, const ValueType& value) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_property(_env, _value, key, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline bool Object::Set(Value key, const ValueType& value) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_property(_env, _value, key, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline bool Object::Set(const char* utf8name, const ValueType& value) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_named_property(_env, _value, utf8name, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline bool Object::Set(const std::string& utf8name, const ValueType& value) {
+  return Set(utf8name.c_str(), value);
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Delete(napi_value key) {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_delete_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Delete(Value key) {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_delete_property(_env, _value, key, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Delete(const char* utf8name) {
+  return Delete(String::New(_env, utf8name));
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Delete(const std::string& utf8name) {
+  return Delete(String::New(_env, utf8name));
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Has(uint32_t index) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_has_element(_env, _value, index, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline Value Object::Get(uint32_t index) const {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_element(_env, _value, index, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename ValueType>
+inline bool Object::Set(uint32_t index, const ValueType& value) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_set_element(_env, _value, index, Value::From(_env, value));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Delete(uint32_t index) {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_delete_element(_env, _value, index, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline Array Object::GetPropertyNames() const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_property_names(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Array());
+  return Array(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline bool Object::DefineProperty(const PropertyDescriptor& property) {
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(_env, _value, 1,
+    reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(&property));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::DefineProperties(
+    const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties) {
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(_env, _value, properties.size(),
+    reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.begin()));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::DefineProperties(
+    const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties) {
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(_env, _value, properties.size(),
+    reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.data()));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::InstanceOf(const Function& constructor) const {
+  bool result;
+  napi_status status = napi_instanceof(_env, _value, constructor, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer, typename T>
+inline void Object::AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback, T* data) {
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status =
+      details::AttachData(_env,
+                          *this,
+                          data,
+                          details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+                          finalizeData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer, typename T, typename Hint>
+inline void Object::AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                 T* data,
+                                 Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status =
+      details::AttachData(_env,
+                          *this,
+                          data,
+                          details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+                          finalizeData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+inline bool Object::Freeze() {
+  napi_status status = napi_object_freeze(_env, _value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Object::Seal() {
+  napi_status status = napi_object_seal(_env, _value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return true;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// External class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline External<T> External<T>::New(napi_env env, T* data) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external(env, data, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, External());
+  return External(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline External<T> External<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                    T* data,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external(
+    env,
+    data,
+    details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+    finalizeData,
+    &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, External());
+  }
+  return External(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline External<T> External<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                    T* data,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                    Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external(
+    env,
+    data,
+    details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+    finalizeData,
+    &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, External());
+  }
+  return External(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline External<T>::External() : Value() {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline External<T>::External(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Value(env, value) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* External<T>::Data() const {
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_value_external(_env, _value, &data);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, nullptr);
+  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(data);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Array class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Array Array::New(napi_env env) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_array(env, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Array());
+  return Array(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Array Array::New(napi_env env, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_array_with_length(env, length, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Array());
+  return Array(env, value);
+}
+
+inline Array::Array() : Object() {
+}
+
+inline Array::Array(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline uint32_t Array::Length() const {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_array_length(_env, _value, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ArrayBuffer class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env, size_t byteLength) {
+  napi_value value;
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_arraybuffer(env, byteLength, &data, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env,
+                                    void* externalData,
+                                    size_t byteLength) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_arraybuffer(
+    env, externalData, byteLength, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env,
+                                    void* externalData,
+                                    size_t byteLength,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_arraybuffer(
+    env,
+    externalData,
+    byteLength,
+    details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+    finalizeData,
+    &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+  }
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer::New(napi_env env,
+                                    void* externalData,
+                                    size_t byteLength,
+                                    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                    Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_arraybuffer(
+    env,
+    externalData,
+    byteLength,
+    details::FinalizeData<void, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+    finalizeData,
+    &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ArrayBuffer());
+  }
+
+  return ArrayBuffer(env, value);
+}
+
+inline ArrayBuffer::ArrayBuffer() : Object() {
+}
+
+inline ArrayBuffer::ArrayBuffer(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+  : Object(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline void* ArrayBuffer::Data() {
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_arraybuffer_info(_env, _value, &data, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, nullptr);
+  return data;
+}
+
+inline size_t ArrayBuffer::ByteLength() {
+  size_t length;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_arraybuffer_info(_env, _value, nullptr, &length);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return length;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+inline bool ArrayBuffer::IsDetached() const {
+  bool detached;
+  napi_status status = napi_is_detached_arraybuffer(_env, _value, &detached);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, false);
+  return detached;
+}
+
+inline void ArrayBuffer::Detach() {
+  napi_status status = napi_detach_arraybuffer(_env, _value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// DataView class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+inline DataView DataView::New(napi_env env,
+                              Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer) {
+  return New(env, arrayBuffer, 0, arrayBuffer.ByteLength());
+}
+
+inline DataView DataView::New(napi_env env,
+                              Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                              size_t byteOffset) {
+  if (byteOffset > arrayBuffer.ByteLength()) {
+    NAPI_THROW(RangeError::New(env,
+        "Start offset is outside the bounds of the buffer"),
+        DataView());
+  }
+  return New(env, arrayBuffer, byteOffset,
+      arrayBuffer.ByteLength() - byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline DataView DataView::New(napi_env env,
+                              Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                              size_t byteOffset,
+                              size_t byteLength) {
+  if (byteOffset + byteLength > arrayBuffer.ByteLength()) {
+    NAPI_THROW(RangeError::New(env, "Invalid DataView length"),
+               DataView());
+  }
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_dataview(
+    env, byteLength, arrayBuffer, byteOffset, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, DataView());
+  return DataView(env, value);
+}
+
+inline DataView::DataView() : Object() {
+}
+
+inline DataView::DataView(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {
+  napi_status status = napi_get_dataview_info(
+    _env,
+    _value   /* dataView */,
+    &_length /* byteLength */,
+    &_data   /* data */,
+    nullptr  /* arrayBuffer */,
+    nullptr  /* byteOffset */);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline Napi::ArrayBuffer DataView::ArrayBuffer() const {
+  napi_value arrayBuffer;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_dataview_info(
+    _env,
+    _value       /* dataView */,
+    nullptr      /* byteLength */,
+    nullptr      /* data */,
+    &arrayBuffer /* arrayBuffer */,
+    nullptr      /* byteOffset */);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Napi::ArrayBuffer());
+  return Napi::ArrayBuffer(_env, arrayBuffer);
+}
+
+inline size_t DataView::ByteOffset() const {
+  size_t byteOffset;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_dataview_info(
+    _env,
+    _value      /* dataView */,
+    nullptr     /* byteLength */,
+    nullptr     /* data */,
+    nullptr     /* arrayBuffer */,
+    &byteOffset /* byteOffset */);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return byteOffset;
+}
+
+inline size_t DataView::ByteLength() const {
+  return _length;
+}
+
+inline void* DataView::Data() const {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+inline float DataView::GetFloat32(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<float>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline double DataView::GetFloat64(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<double>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline int8_t DataView::GetInt8(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<int8_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline int16_t DataView::GetInt16(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<int16_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline int32_t DataView::GetInt32(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<int32_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline uint8_t DataView::GetUint8(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<uint8_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline uint16_t DataView::GetUint16(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<uint16_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline uint32_t DataView::GetUint32(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  return ReadData<uint32_t>(byteOffset);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetFloat32(size_t byteOffset, float value) const {
+  WriteData<float>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetFloat64(size_t byteOffset, double value) const {
+  WriteData<double>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetInt8(size_t byteOffset, int8_t value) const {
+  WriteData<int8_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetInt16(size_t byteOffset, int16_t value) const {
+  WriteData<int16_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetInt32(size_t byteOffset, int32_t value) const {
+  WriteData<int32_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetUint8(size_t byteOffset, uint8_t value) const {
+  WriteData<uint8_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetUint16(size_t byteOffset, uint16_t value) const {
+  WriteData<uint16_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+inline void DataView::SetUint32(size_t byteOffset, uint32_t value) const {
+  WriteData<uint32_t>(byteOffset, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T DataView::ReadData(size_t byteOffset) const {
+  if (byteOffset + sizeof(T) > _length ||
+      byteOffset + sizeof(T) < byteOffset) {  // overflow
+    NAPI_THROW(RangeError::New(_env,
+        "Offset is outside the bounds of the DataView"), 0);
+  }
+
+  return *reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<uint8_t*>(_data) + byteOffset);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void DataView::WriteData(size_t byteOffset, T value) const {
+  if (byteOffset + sizeof(T) > _length ||
+      byteOffset + sizeof(T) < byteOffset) {  // overflow
+    NAPI_THROW_VOID(RangeError::New(_env,
+        "Offset is outside the bounds of the DataView"));
+  }
+
+  *reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<uint8_t*>(_data) + byteOffset) = value;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypedArray class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline TypedArray::TypedArray()
+  : Object(), _type(TypedArray::unknown_array_type), _length(0) {
+}
+
+inline TypedArray::TypedArray(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+  : Object(env, value), _type(TypedArray::unknown_array_type), _length(0) {
+}
+
+inline TypedArray::TypedArray(napi_env env,
+                              napi_value value,
+                              napi_typedarray_type type,
+                              size_t length)
+  : Object(env, value), _type(type), _length(length) {
+}
+
+inline napi_typedarray_type TypedArray::TypedArrayType() const {
+  if (_type == TypedArray::unknown_array_type) {
+    napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(_env, _value,
+      &const_cast<TypedArray*>(this)->_type, &const_cast<TypedArray*>(this)->_length,
+      nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, napi_int8_array);
+  }
+
+  return _type;
+}
+
+inline uint8_t TypedArray::ElementSize() const {
+  switch (TypedArrayType()) {
+    case napi_int8_array:
+    case napi_uint8_array:
+    case napi_uint8_clamped_array:
+      return 1;
+    case napi_int16_array:
+    case napi_uint16_array:
+      return 2;
+    case napi_int32_array:
+    case napi_uint32_array:
+    case napi_float32_array:
+      return 4;
+    case napi_float64_array:
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 5)
+    case napi_bigint64_array:
+    case napi_biguint64_array:
+#endif  // (NAPI_VERSION > 5)
+      return 8;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+inline size_t TypedArray::ElementLength() const {
+  if (_type == TypedArray::unknown_array_type) {
+    napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(_env, _value,
+      &const_cast<TypedArray*>(this)->_type, &const_cast<TypedArray*>(this)->_length,
+      nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  }
+
+  return _length;
+}
+
+inline size_t TypedArray::ByteOffset() const {
+  size_t byteOffset;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+    _env, _value, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &byteOffset);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 0);
+  return byteOffset;
+}
+
+inline size_t TypedArray::ByteLength() const {
+  return ElementSize() * ElementLength();
+}
+
+inline Napi::ArrayBuffer TypedArray::ArrayBuffer() const {
+  napi_value arrayBuffer;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+    _env, _value, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &arrayBuffer, nullptr);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Napi::ArrayBuffer());
+  return Napi::ArrayBuffer(_env, arrayBuffer);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypedArrayOf<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T> TypedArrayOf<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                            size_t elementLength,
+                                            napi_typedarray_type type) {
+  Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer = Napi::ArrayBuffer::New(env, elementLength * sizeof (T));
+  return New(env, elementLength, arrayBuffer, 0, type);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T> TypedArrayOf<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                            size_t elementLength,
+                                            Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                                            size_t bufferOffset,
+                                            napi_typedarray_type type) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_typedarray(
+    env, type, elementLength, arrayBuffer, bufferOffset, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, TypedArrayOf<T>());
+
+  return TypedArrayOf<T>(
+    env, value, type, elementLength,
+    reinterpret_cast<T*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(arrayBuffer.Data()) + bufferOffset));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T>::TypedArrayOf() : TypedArray(), _data(nullptr) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T>::TypedArrayOf(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+  : TypedArray(env, value), _data(nullptr) {
+  napi_status status = napi_ok;
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    status = napi_get_typedarray_info(
+      _env, _value, &_type, &_length, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&_data), nullptr, nullptr);
+  } else {
+    _type = TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>();
+    _length = 0;
+  }
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline TypedArrayOf<T>::TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+                                     napi_value value,
+                                     napi_typedarray_type type,
+                                     size_t length,
+                                     T* data)
+  : TypedArray(env, value, type, length), _data(data) {
+  if (!(type == TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>() ||
+      (type == napi_uint8_clamped_array && std::is_same<T, uint8_t>::value))) {
+    NAPI_THROW_VOID(TypeError::New(env, "Array type must match the template parameter. "
+      "(Uint8 arrays may optionally have the \"clamped\" array type.)"));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T& TypedArrayOf<T>::operator [](size_t index) {
+  return _data[index];
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline const T& TypedArrayOf<T>::operator [](size_t index) const {
+  return _data[index];
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* TypedArrayOf<T>::Data() {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline const T* TypedArrayOf<T>::Data() const {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Function class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename CbData>
+static inline napi_status
+CreateFunction(napi_env env,
+               const char* utf8name,
+               napi_callback cb,
+               CbData* data,
+               napi_value* result) {
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_function(env, utf8name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, cb, data, result);
+  if (status == napi_ok) {
+    status = Napi::details::AttachData(env, *result, data);
+  }
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+template <Function::VoidCallback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env, const char* utf8name, void* data) {
+  napi_value result = nullptr;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_function(env,
+                                            utf8name,
+                                            NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH,
+                                            details::TemplatedVoidCallback<cb>,
+                                            data,
+                                            &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+  return Function(env, result);
+}
+
+template <Function::Callback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env, const char* utf8name, void* data) {
+  napi_value result = nullptr;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_function(env,
+                                            utf8name,
+                                            NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH,
+                                            details::TemplatedCallback<cb>,
+                                            data,
+                                            &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+  return Function(env, result);
+}
+
+template <Function::VoidCallback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              const std::string& utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  return Function::New<cb>(env, utf8name.c_str(), data);
+}
+
+template <Function::Callback cb>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              const std::string& utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  return Function::New<cb>(env, utf8name.c_str(), data);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              Callable cb,
+                              const char* utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  using ReturnType = decltype(cb(CallbackInfo(nullptr, nullptr)));
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Callable, ReturnType>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ cb, data });
+
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = CreateFunction(env,
+                                      utf8name,
+                                      CbData::Wrapper,
+                                      callbackData,
+                                      &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+  }
+
+  return Function(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline Function Function::New(napi_env env,
+                              Callable cb,
+                              const std::string& utf8name,
+                              void* data) {
+  return New(env, cb, utf8name.c_str(), data);
+}
+
+inline Function::Function() : Object() {
+}
+
+inline Function::Function(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline Value Function::operator ()(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::Call(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), args);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::Call(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const {
+  return Call(Env().Undefined(), argc, args);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::Call(napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(recv, args.size(), args.begin());
+}
+
+inline Value Function::Call(napi_value recv, const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return Call(recv, args.size(), args.data());
+}
+
+inline Value Function::Call(napi_value recv, size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_call_function(
+    _env, recv, _value, argc, args, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  return MakeCallback(recv, args.size(), args.begin(), context);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  return MakeCallback(recv, args.size(), args.data(), context);
+}
+
+inline Value Function::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    size_t argc,
+    const napi_value* args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_make_callback(
+    _env, context, recv, _value, argc, args, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+inline Object Function::New(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return New(args.size(), args.begin());
+}
+
+inline Object Function::New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  return New(args.size(), args.data());
+}
+
+inline Object Function::New(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_new_instance(
+    _env, _value, argc, args, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Object());
+  return Object(_env, result);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Promise class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Promise::Deferred Promise::Deferred::New(napi_env env) {
+  return Promise::Deferred(env);
+}
+
+inline Promise::Deferred::Deferred(napi_env env) : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_create_promise(_env, &_deferred, &_promise);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline Promise Promise::Deferred::Promise() const {
+  return Napi::Promise(_env, _promise);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env Promise::Deferred::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline void Promise::Deferred::Resolve(napi_value value) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_resolve_deferred(_env, _deferred, value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline void Promise::Deferred::Reject(napi_value value) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_reject_deferred(_env, _deferred, value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline Promise::Promise(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Object(env, value) {
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Buffer<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  void* data;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_buffer(env, length * sizeof (T), &data, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, static_cast<T*>(data));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+    env, length * sizeof (T), data, nullptr, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                T* data,
+                                size_t length,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), nullptr});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+    env,
+    length * sizeof (T),
+    data,
+    details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer>::Wrapper,
+    finalizeData,
+    &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer());
+  }
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::New(napi_env env,
+                                T* data,
+                                size_t length,
+                                Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                Hint* finalizeHint) {
+  napi_value value;
+  details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>* finalizeData =
+      new details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>(
+          {std::move(finalizeCallback), finalizeHint});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_external_buffer(
+    env,
+    length * sizeof (T),
+    data,
+    details::FinalizeData<T, Finalizer, Hint>::WrapperWithHint,
+    finalizeData,
+    &value);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer());
+  }
+  return Buffer(env, value, length, data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T> Buffer<T>::Copy(napi_env env, const T* data, size_t length) {
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_buffer_copy(
+    env, length * sizeof (T), data, nullptr, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Buffer<T>());
+  return Buffer<T>(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T>::Buffer() : Uint8Array(), _length(0), _data(nullptr) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T>::Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value)
+  : Uint8Array(env, value), _length(0), _data(nullptr) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Buffer<T>::Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, size_t length, T* data)
+  : Uint8Array(env, value), _length(length), _data(data) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline size_t Buffer<T>::Length() const {
+  EnsureInfo();
+  return _length;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* Buffer<T>::Data() const {
+  EnsureInfo();
+  return _data;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Buffer<T>::EnsureInfo() const {
+  // The Buffer instance may have been constructed from a napi_value whose
+  // length/data are not yet known. Fetch and cache these values just once,
+  // since they can never change during the lifetime of the Buffer.
+  if (_data == nullptr) {
+    size_t byteLength;
+    void* voidData;
+    napi_status status = napi_get_buffer_info(_env, _value, &voidData, &byteLength);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+    _length = byteLength / sizeof (T);
+    _data = static_cast<T*>(voidData);
+  }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Error class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline Error Error::New(napi_env env) {
+  napi_status status;
+  napi_value error = nullptr;
+  bool is_exception_pending;
+  const napi_extended_error_info* info;
+
+  // We must retrieve the last error info before doing anything else, because
+  // doing anything else will replace the last error info.
+  status = napi_get_last_error_info(env, &info);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_get_last_error_info");
+
+  status = napi_is_exception_pending(env, &is_exception_pending);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_is_exception_pending");
+
+  // A pending exception takes precedence over any internal error status.
+  if (is_exception_pending) {
+    status = napi_get_and_clear_last_exception(env, &error);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_get_and_clear_last_exception");
+  }
+  else {
+    const char* error_message = info->error_message != nullptr ?
+      info->error_message : "Error in native callback";
+
+    napi_value message;
+    status = napi_create_string_utf8(
+      env,
+      error_message,
+      std::strlen(error_message),
+      &message);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_create_string_utf8");
+
+    switch (info->error_code) {
+    case napi_object_expected:
+    case napi_string_expected:
+    case napi_boolean_expected:
+    case napi_number_expected:
+      status = napi_create_type_error(env, nullptr, message, &error);
+      break;
+    default:
+      status = napi_create_error(env, nullptr,  message, &error);
+      break;
+    }
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::New", "napi_create_error");
+  }
+
+  return Error(env, error);
+}
+
+inline Error Error::New(napi_env env, const char* message) {
+  return Error::New<Error>(env, message, std::strlen(message), napi_create_error);
+}
+
+inline Error Error::New(napi_env env, const std::string& message) {
+  return Error::New<Error>(env, message.c_str(), message.size(), napi_create_error);
+}
+
+inline NAPI_NO_RETURN void Error::Fatal(const char* location, const char* message) {
+  napi_fatal_error(location, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, message, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH);
+}
+
+inline Error::Error() : ObjectReference() {
+}
+
+inline Error::Error(napi_env env, napi_value value) : ObjectReference(env, nullptr) {
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(env, value, 1, &_ref);
+
+    // Avoid infinite recursion in the failure case.
+    // Don't try to construct & throw another Error instance.
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::Error", "napi_create_reference");
+  }
+}
+
+inline Error::Error(Error&& other) : ObjectReference(std::move(other)) {
+}
+
+inline Error& Error::operator =(Error&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Object>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Error::Error(const Error& other) : ObjectReference(other) {
+}
+
+inline Error& Error::operator =(const Error& other) {
+  Reset();
+
+  _env = other.Env();
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+
+  napi_value value = other.Value();
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(_env, value, 1, &_ref);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, *this);
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline const std::string& Error::Message() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  if (_message.size() == 0 && _env != nullptr) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    try {
+      _message = Get("message").As<String>();
+    }
+    catch (...) {
+      // Catch all errors here, to include e.g. a std::bad_alloc from
+      // the std::string::operator=, because this method may not throw.
+    }
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    _message = Get("message").As<String>();
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  }
+  return _message;
+}
+
+inline void Error::ThrowAsJavaScriptException() const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  if (!IsEmpty()) {
+
+    // We intentionally don't use `NAPI_THROW_*` macros here to ensure
+    // that there is no possible recursion as `ThrowAsJavaScriptException`
+    // is part of `NAPI_THROW_*` macro definition for noexcept.
+
+    napi_status status = napi_throw(_env, Value());
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    if (status != napi_ok) {
+      throw Error::New(_env);
+    }
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Error::ThrowAsJavaScriptException", "napi_throw");
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+inline const char* Error::what() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return Message().c_str();
+}
+
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+template <typename TError>
+inline TError Error::New(napi_env env,
+                         const char* message,
+                         size_t length,
+                         create_error_fn create_error) {
+  napi_value str;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, message, length, &str);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, TError());
+
+  napi_value error;
+  status = create_error(env, nullptr, str, &error);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, TError());
+
+  return TError(env, error);
+}
+
+inline TypeError TypeError::New(napi_env env, const char* message) {
+  return Error::New<TypeError>(env, message, std::strlen(message), napi_create_type_error);
+}
+
+inline TypeError TypeError::New(napi_env env, const std::string& message) {
+  return Error::New<TypeError>(env, message.c_str(), message.size(), napi_create_type_error);
+}
+
+inline TypeError::TypeError() : Error() {
+}
+
+inline TypeError::TypeError(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Error(env, value) {
+}
+
+inline RangeError RangeError::New(napi_env env, const char* message) {
+  return Error::New<RangeError>(env, message, std::strlen(message), napi_create_range_error);
+}
+
+inline RangeError RangeError::New(napi_env env, const std::string& message) {
+  return Error::New<RangeError>(env, message.c_str(), message.size(), napi_create_range_error);
+}
+
+inline RangeError::RangeError() : Error() {
+}
+
+inline RangeError::RangeError(napi_env env, napi_value value) : Error(env, value) {
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Reference<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T> Reference<T>::New(const T& value, uint32_t initialRefcount) {
+  napi_env env = value.Env();
+  napi_value val = value;
+
+  if (val == nullptr) {
+    return Reference<T>(env, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  napi_ref ref;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_reference(env, value, initialRefcount, &ref);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Reference<T>());
+
+  return Reference<T>(env, ref);
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference() : _env(nullptr), _ref(nullptr), _suppressDestruct(false) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref)
+  : _env(env), _ref(ref), _suppressDestruct(false) {
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::~Reference() {
+  if (_ref != nullptr) {
+    if (!_suppressDestruct) {
+      napi_delete_reference(_env, _ref);
+    }
+
+    _ref = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference(Reference<T>&& other)
+  : _env(other._env), _ref(other._ref), _suppressDestruct(other._suppressDestruct) {
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  other._ref = nullptr;
+  other._suppressDestruct = false;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>& Reference<T>::operator =(Reference<T>&& other) {
+  Reset();
+  _env = other._env;
+  _ref = other._ref;
+  _suppressDestruct = other._suppressDestruct;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  other._ref = nullptr;
+  other._suppressDestruct = false;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::Reference(const Reference<T>& other)
+  : _env(other._env), _ref(nullptr), _suppressDestruct(false) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+
+  napi_value value = other.Value();
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    // Copying is a limited scenario (currently only used for Error object) and always creates a
+    // strong reference to the given value even if the incoming reference is weak.
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(_env, value, 1, &_ref);
+    NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "Reference<T>::Reference", "napi_create_reference");
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T>::operator napi_ref() const {
+  return _ref;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool Reference<T>::operator ==(const Reference<T> &other) const {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return this->Value().StrictEquals(other.Value());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool Reference<T>::operator !=(const Reference<T> &other) const {
+  return !this->operator ==(other);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Napi::Env Reference<T>::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool Reference<T>::IsEmpty() const {
+  return _ref == nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Reference<T>::Value() const {
+  if (_ref == nullptr) {
+    return T(_env, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  napi_value value;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_reference_value(_env, _ref, &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, T());
+  return T(_env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint32_t Reference<T>::Ref() {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_reference_ref(_env, _ref, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 1);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint32_t Reference<T>::Unref() {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_reference_unref(_env, _ref, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, 1);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Reference<T>::Reset() {
+  if (_ref != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_delete_reference(_env, _ref);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+    _ref = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Reference<T>::Reset(const T& value, uint32_t refcount) {
+  Reset();
+  _env = value.Env();
+
+  napi_value val = value;
+  if (val != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_create_reference(_env, value, refcount, &_ref);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void Reference<T>::SuppressDestruct() {
+  _suppressDestruct = true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T> Weak(T value) {
+  return Reference<T>::New(value, 0);
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference Weak(Object value) {
+  return Reference<Object>::New(value, 0);
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference Weak(Function value) {
+  return Reference<Function>::New(value, 0);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Reference<T> Persistent(T value) {
+  return Reference<T>::New(value, 1);
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference Persistent(Object value) {
+  return Reference<Object>::New(value, 1);
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference Persistent(Function value) {
+  return Reference<Function>::New(value, 1);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ObjectReference class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(): Reference<Object>() {
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref): Reference<Object>(env, ref) {
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(Reference<Object>&& other)
+  : Reference<Object>(std::move(other)) {
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference& ObjectReference::operator =(Reference<Object>&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Object>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(ObjectReference&& other)
+  : Reference<Object>(std::move(other)) {
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference& ObjectReference::operator =(ObjectReference&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Object>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference::ObjectReference(const ObjectReference& other)
+  : Reference<Object>(other) {
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value ObjectReference::Get(const char* utf8name) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  return scope.Escape(Value().Get(utf8name));
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value ObjectReference::Get(const std::string& utf8name) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  return scope.Escape(Value().Get(utf8name));
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name, napi_value value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name, Napi::Value value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name, const char* utf8value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name, bool boolValue) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, boolValue);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const char* utf8name, double numberValue) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, numberValue);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                 napi_value value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                 Napi::Value value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                 std::string& utf8value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name, bool boolValue) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, boolValue);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                 double numberValue) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(utf8name, numberValue);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value ObjectReference::Get(uint32_t index) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  return scope.Escape(Value().Get(index));
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index, napi_value value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index, Napi::Value value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index, const char* utf8value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index, const std::string& utf8value) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, utf8value);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index, bool boolValue) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, boolValue);
+}
+
+inline bool ObjectReference::Set(uint32_t index, double numberValue) {
+  HandleScope scope(_env);
+  return Value().Set(index, numberValue);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FunctionReference class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(): Reference<Function>() {
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref)
+  : Reference<Function>(env, ref) {
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(Reference<Function>&& other)
+  : Reference<Function>(std::move(other)) {
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference& FunctionReference::operator =(Reference<Function>&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Function>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference::FunctionReference(FunctionReference&& other)
+  : Reference<Function>(std::move(other)) {
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference& FunctionReference::operator =(FunctionReference&& other) {
+  static_cast<Reference<Function>*>(this)->operator=(std::move(other));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::operator ()(
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  return scope.Escape(Value()(args));
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::Call(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().Call(args);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().Call(args);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().Call(recv, args);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::Call(
+    napi_value recv, const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().Call(recv, args);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::Call(
+    napi_value recv, size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().Call(recv, argc, args);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().MakeCallback(recv, args, context);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().MakeCallback(recv, args, context);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Napi::Value FunctionReference::MakeCallback(
+    napi_value recv,
+    size_t argc,
+    const napi_value* args,
+    napi_async_context context) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  Napi::Value result = Value().MakeCallback(recv, argc, args, context);
+  if (scope.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+    return Value();
+  }
+  return scope.Escape(result);
+}
+
+inline Object FunctionReference::New(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  return scope.Escape(Value().New(args)).As<Object>();
+}
+
+inline Object FunctionReference::New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const {
+  EscapableHandleScope scope(_env);
+  return scope.Escape(Value().New(args)).As<Object>();
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CallbackInfo class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline CallbackInfo::CallbackInfo(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)
+    : _env(env), _info(info), _this(nullptr), _dynamicArgs(nullptr), _data(nullptr) {
+  _argc = _staticArgCount;
+  _argv = _staticArgs;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &_argc, _argv, &_this, &_data);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  if (_argc > _staticArgCount) {
+    // Use either a fixed-size array (on the stack) or a dynamically-allocated
+    // array (on the heap) depending on the number of args.
+    _dynamicArgs = new napi_value[_argc];
+    _argv = _dynamicArgs;
+
+    status = napi_get_cb_info(env, info, &_argc, _argv, nullptr, nullptr);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline CallbackInfo::~CallbackInfo() {
+  if (_dynamicArgs != nullptr) {
+    delete[] _dynamicArgs;
+  }
+}
+
+inline Value CallbackInfo::NewTarget() const {
+  napi_value newTarget;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_new_target(_env, _info, &newTarget);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, newTarget);
+}
+
+inline bool CallbackInfo::IsConstructCall() const {
+  return !NewTarget().IsEmpty();
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env CallbackInfo::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline size_t CallbackInfo::Length() const {
+  return _argc;
+}
+
+inline const Value CallbackInfo::operator [](size_t index) const {
+  return index < _argc ? Value(_env, _argv[index]) : Env().Undefined();
+}
+
+inline Value CallbackInfo::This() const {
+  if (_this == nullptr) {
+    return Env().Undefined();
+  }
+  return Object(_env, _this);
+}
+
+inline void* CallbackInfo::Data() const {
+  return _data;
+}
+
+inline void CallbackInfo::SetData(void* data) {
+  _data = data;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// PropertyDescriptor class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter>
+PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter>
+PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+  return Accessor<Getter>(utf8name.c_str(), attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter>
+PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Name name,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <
+typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter,
+typename PropertyDescriptor::SetterCallback Setter>
+PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.setter = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<Setter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <
+typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter,
+typename PropertyDescriptor::SetterCallback Setter>
+PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+  return Accessor<Getter, Setter>(utf8name.c_str(), attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <
+typename PropertyDescriptor::GetterCallback Getter,
+typename PropertyDescriptor::SetterCallback Setter>
+PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Name name,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<Getter>;
+  desc.setter = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<Setter>;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  desc.data = data;
+
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor
+PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                             Napi::Object object,
+                             const char* utf8name,
+                             Getter getter,
+                             napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                             void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Getter, Napi::Value>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, data });
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::Wrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return Accessor(env, object, utf8name.c_str(), getter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                                       Name name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::CallbackData<Getter, Napi::Value>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, data });
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr,
+    name,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::Wrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::AccessorCallbackData<Getter, Setter>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, setter, data });
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::GetterWrapper,
+    CbData::SetterWrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return Accessor(env, object, utf8name.c_str(), getter, setter, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                                       Name name,
+                                                       Getter getter,
+                                                       Setter setter,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  using CbData = details::AccessorCallbackData<Getter, Setter>;
+  auto callbackData = new CbData({ getter, setter, data });
+
+  napi_status status = AttachData(env, object, callbackData);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete callbackData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, napi_property_descriptor());
+  }
+
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr,
+    name,
+    nullptr,
+    CbData::GetterWrapper,
+    CbData::SetterWrapper,
+    nullptr,
+    attributes,
+    callbackData
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object /*object*/,
+                                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    Napi::Function::New(env, cb, utf8name, data),
+    attributes,
+    nullptr
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return Function(env, object, utf8name.c_str(), cb, attributes, data);
+}
+
+template <typename Callable>
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                                       Napi::Object /*object*/,
+                                                       Name name,
+                                                       Callable cb,
+                                                       napi_property_attributes attributes,
+                                                       void* data) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr,
+    name,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    nullptr,
+    Napi::Function::New(env, cb, nullptr, data),
+    attributes,
+    nullptr
+  });
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(const char* utf8name,
+                                                    napi_value value,
+                                                    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    utf8name, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, value, attributes, nullptr
+  });
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                                    napi_value value,
+                                                    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  return Value(utf8name.c_str(), value, attributes);
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(napi_value name,
+                                                    napi_value value,
+                                                    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  return PropertyDescriptor({
+    nullptr, name, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, value, attributes, nullptr
+  });
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor::Value(Name name,
+                                                    Napi::Value value,
+                                                    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_value nameValue = name;
+  napi_value valueValue = value;
+  return PropertyDescriptor::Value(nameValue, valueValue, attributes);
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor::PropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc)
+  : _desc(desc) {
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor::operator napi_property_descriptor&() {
+  return _desc;
+}
+
+inline PropertyDescriptor::operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const {
+  return _desc;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// InstanceWrap<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void InstanceWrap<T>::AttachPropData(napi_env env,
+                                       napi_value value,
+                                       const napi_property_descriptor* prop) {
+  napi_status status;
+  if (!(prop->attributes & napi_static)) {
+    if (prop->method == T::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(env,
+                    value,
+                    static_cast<InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+    } else if (prop->method == T::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(env,
+                        value,
+                        static_cast<InstanceMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+    } else if (prop->getter == T::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper ||
+        prop->setter == T::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(env,
+                          value,
+                          static_cast<InstanceAccessorCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+    new InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData({ method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    InstanceMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceMethodCallbackData* callbackData = new InstanceMethodCallbackData({ method, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+    new InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData({ method, data});
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    InstanceMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceMethodCallbackData* callbackData = new InstanceMethodCallbackData({ method, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceVoidCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceVoidCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+    InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+    new InstanceAccessorCallbackData({ getter, setter, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    Symbol name,
+    InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+    InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+    new InstanceAccessorCallbackData({ getter, setter, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+          typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapSetter(This::SetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+          typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceAccessor(
+    Symbol name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedInstanceCallback<T, getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapSetter(This::SetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceValue(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    Napi::Value value,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceValue(
+    Symbol name,
+    Napi::Value value,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes = attributes;
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->callback;
+    (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<InstanceMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->callback;
+    return (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<InstanceAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->getterCallback;
+    return (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    InstanceAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<InstanceAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(callbackInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    auto cb = callbackData->setterCallback;
+    (instance->*cb)(callbackInfo, callbackInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename InstanceWrap<T>::InstanceSetterCallback method>
+inline napi_value InstanceWrap<T>::WrappedMethod(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    const CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = T::Unwrap(cbInfo.This().As<Object>());
+    (instance->*method)(cbInfo, cbInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ObjectWrap<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ObjectWrap<T>::ObjectWrap(const Napi::CallbackInfo& callbackInfo) {
+  napi_env env = callbackInfo.Env();
+  napi_value wrapper = callbackInfo.This();
+  napi_status status;
+  napi_ref ref;
+  T* instance = static_cast<T*>(this);
+  status = napi_wrap(env, wrapper, instance, FinalizeCallback, nullptr, &ref);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+
+  Reference<Object>* instanceRef = instance;
+  *instanceRef = Reference<Object>(env, ref);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ObjectWrap<T>::~ObjectWrap() {
+  // If the JS object still exists at this point, remove the finalizer added
+  // through `napi_wrap()`.
+  if (!IsEmpty()) {
+    Object object = Value();
+    // It is not valid to call `napi_remove_wrap()` with an empty `object`.
+    // This happens e.g. during garbage collection.
+    if (!object.IsEmpty() && _construction_failed) {
+      napi_remove_wrap(Env(), object, nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline T* ObjectWrap<T>::Unwrap(Object wrapper) {
+  T* unwrapped;
+  napi_status status = napi_unwrap(wrapper.Env(), wrapper, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&unwrapped));
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(wrapper.Env(), status, nullptr);
+  return unwrapped;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Function
+ObjectWrap<T>::DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                           const char* utf8name,
+                           const size_t props_count,
+                           const napi_property_descriptor* descriptors,
+                           void* data) {
+  napi_status status;
+  std::vector<napi_property_descriptor> props(props_count);
+
+  // We copy the descriptors to a local array because before defining the class
+  // we must replace static method property descriptors with value property
+  // descriptors such that the value is a function-valued `napi_value` created
+  // with `CreateFunction()`.
+  //
+  // This replacement could be made for instance methods as well, but V8 aborts
+  // if we do that, because it expects methods defined on the prototype template
+  // to have `FunctionTemplate`s.
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < props_count; index++) {
+    props[index] = descriptors[index];
+    napi_property_descriptor* prop = &props[index];
+    if (prop->method == T::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = CreateFunction(env,
+                             utf8name,
+                             prop->method,
+                             static_cast<StaticMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data),
+               &(prop->value));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+      prop->method = nullptr;
+      prop->data = nullptr;
+    } else if (prop->method == T::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = CreateFunction(env,
+                         utf8name,
+                         prop->method,
+                         static_cast<StaticVoidMethodCallbackData*>(prop->data),
+                         &(prop->value));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+      prop->method = nullptr;
+      prop->data = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  napi_value value;
+  status = napi_define_class(env,
+                             utf8name,
+                             NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH,
+                             T::ConstructorCallbackWrapper,
+                             data,
+                             props_count,
+                             props.data(),
+                             &value);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+
+  // After defining the class we iterate once more over the property descriptors
+  // and attach the data associated with accessors and instance methods to the
+  // newly created JavaScript class.
+  for (size_t idx = 0; idx < props_count; idx++) {
+    const napi_property_descriptor* prop = &props[idx];
+
+    if (prop->getter == T::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper ||
+        prop->setter == T::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper) {
+      status = Napi::details::AttachData(env,
+                          value,
+                          static_cast<StaticAccessorCallbackData*>(prop->data));
+      NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, Function());
+    } else {
+      // InstanceWrap<T>::AttachPropData is responsible for attaching the data
+      // of instance methods and accessors.
+      T::AttachPropData(env, value, prop);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Function(env, value);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Function ObjectWrap<T>::DefineClass(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    const std::initializer_list<ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>>& properties,
+    void* data) {
+  return DefineClass(env,
+          utf8name,
+          properties.size(),
+          reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.begin()),
+          data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Function ObjectWrap<T>::DefineClass(
+    Napi::Env env,
+    const char* utf8name,
+    const std::vector<ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>>& properties,
+    void* data) {
+  return DefineClass(env,
+           utf8name,
+           properties.size(),
+           reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(properties.data()),
+           data);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData = new StaticVoidMethodCallbackData({ method, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    StaticMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticMethodCallbackData* callbackData = new StaticMethodCallbackData({ method, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData = new StaticVoidMethodCallbackData({ method, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    StaticMethodCallback method,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticMethodCallbackData* callbackData = new StaticMethodCallbackData({ method, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = T::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedVoidCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethodCallback method>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethod(
+    Symbol name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.method = details::TemplatedCallback<method>;
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    StaticGetterCallback getter,
+    StaticSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+    new StaticAccessorCallbackData({ getter, setter, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    Symbol name,
+    StaticGetterCallback getter,
+    StaticSetterCallback setter,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+    new StaticAccessorCallbackData({ getter, setter, data });
+
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = getter != nullptr ? T::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.setter = setter != nullptr ? T::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper : nullptr;
+  desc.data = callbackData;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticGetterCallback getter,
+          typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    const char* utf8name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapStaticSetter(This::StaticSetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticGetterCallback getter,
+          typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallback setter>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticAccessor(
+    Symbol name,
+    napi_property_attributes attributes,
+    void* data) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.getter = details::TemplatedCallback<getter>;
+  desc.setter = This::WrapStaticSetter(This::StaticSetterTag<setter>());
+  desc.data = data;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticValue(const char* utf8name,
+    Napi::Value value, napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.utf8name = utf8name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline ClassPropertyDescriptor<T> ObjectWrap<T>::StaticValue(Symbol name,
+    Napi::Value value, napi_property_attributes attributes) {
+  napi_property_descriptor desc = napi_property_descriptor();
+  desc.name = name;
+  desc.value = value;
+  desc.attributes = static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(attributes | napi_static);
+  return desc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void ObjectWrap<T>::Finalize(Napi::Env /*env*/) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::ConstructorCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  napi_value new_target;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_new_target(env, info, &new_target);
+  if (status != napi_ok) return nullptr;
+
+  bool isConstructCall = (new_target != nullptr);
+  if (!isConstructCall) {
+    napi_throw_type_error(env, nullptr, "Class constructors cannot be invoked without 'new'");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  napi_value wrapper = details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    T* instance = new T(callbackInfo);
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    instance->_construction_failed = false;
+#else
+    if (callbackInfo.Env().IsExceptionPending()) {
+      // We need to clear the exception so that removing the wrap might work.
+      Error e = callbackInfo.Env().GetAndClearPendingException();
+      delete instance;
+      e.ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    } else {
+      instance->_construction_failed = false;
+    }
+# endif  // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    return callbackInfo.This();
+  });
+
+  return wrapper;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticVoidMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<StaticVoidMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticMethodCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticMethodCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<StaticMethodCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    return callbackData->callback(callbackInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticGetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<StaticAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    return callbackData->getterCallback(callbackInfo);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallbackWrapper(
+    napi_env env,
+    napi_callback_info info) {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    CallbackInfo callbackInfo(env, info);
+    StaticAccessorCallbackData* callbackData =
+      reinterpret_cast<StaticAccessorCallbackData*>(callbackInfo.Data());
+    callbackInfo.SetData(callbackData->data);
+    callbackData->setterCallback(callbackInfo, callbackInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void ObjectWrap<T>::FinalizeCallback(napi_env env, void* data, void* /*hint*/) {
+  HandleScope scope(env);
+  T* instance = static_cast<T*>(data);
+  instance->Finalize(Napi::Env(env));
+  delete instance;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename ObjectWrap<T>::StaticSetterCallback method>
+inline napi_value ObjectWrap<T>::WrappedMethod(
+    napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+  return details::WrapCallback([&] {
+    const CallbackInfo cbInfo(env, info);
+    method(cbInfo, cbInfo[0]);
+    return nullptr;
+  });
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// HandleScope class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline HandleScope::HandleScope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope scope)
+    : _env(env), _scope(scope) {
+}
+
+inline HandleScope::HandleScope(Napi::Env env) : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_open_handle_scope(_env, &_scope);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline HandleScope::~HandleScope() {
+  napi_status status = napi_close_handle_scope(_env, _scope);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "HandleScope::~HandleScope",
+                       "napi_close_handle_scope");
+}
+
+inline HandleScope::operator napi_handle_scope() const {
+  return _scope;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env HandleScope::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// EscapableHandleScope class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::EscapableHandleScope(
+  napi_env env, napi_escapable_handle_scope scope) : _env(env), _scope(scope) {
+}
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::EscapableHandleScope(Napi::Env env) : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_open_escapable_handle_scope(_env, &_scope);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::~EscapableHandleScope() {
+  napi_status status = napi_close_escapable_handle_scope(_env, _scope);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "EscapableHandleScope::~EscapableHandleScope",
+                       "napi_close_escapable_handle_scope");
+}
+
+inline EscapableHandleScope::operator napi_escapable_handle_scope() const {
+  return _scope;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env EscapableHandleScope::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline Value EscapableHandleScope::Escape(napi_value escapee) {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_status status = napi_escape_handle(_env, _scope, escapee, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(_env, status, Value());
+  return Value(_env, result);
+}
+
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 2)
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CallbackScope class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline CallbackScope::CallbackScope(
+  napi_env env, napi_callback_scope scope) : _env(env), _scope(scope) {
+}
+
+inline CallbackScope::CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_async_context context)
+    : _env(env) {
+  napi_status status = napi_open_callback_scope(
+      _env, Object::New(env), context, &_scope);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline CallbackScope::~CallbackScope() {
+  napi_status status = napi_close_callback_scope(_env, _scope);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "CallbackScope::~CallbackScope",
+                       "napi_close_callback_scope");
+}
+
+inline CallbackScope::operator napi_callback_scope() const {
+  return _scope;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env CallbackScope::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AsyncContext class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline AsyncContext::AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncContext(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::AsyncContext(napi_env env,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource)
+    : _env(env), _context(nullptr) {
+  napi_value resource_id;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_utf8(
+      _env, resource_name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resource_id);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  status = napi_async_init(_env, resource, resource_id, &_context);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::~AsyncContext() {
+  if (_context != nullptr) {
+    napi_async_destroy(_env, _context);
+    _context = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::AsyncContext(AsyncContext&& other) {
+  _env = other._env;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  _context = other._context;
+  other._context = nullptr;
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext& AsyncContext::operator =(AsyncContext&& other) {
+  _env = other._env;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  _context = other._context;
+  other._context = nullptr;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline AsyncContext::operator napi_async_context() const {
+  return _context;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env AsyncContext::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AsyncWorker class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Function& callback)
+  : AsyncWorker(callback, "generic") {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncWorker(callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncWorker(Object::New(callback.Env()),
+                callback,
+                resource_name,
+                resource) {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                const Function& callback)
+  : AsyncWorker(receiver, callback, "generic") {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncWorker(receiver,
+                callback,
+                resource_name,
+                Object::New(callback.Env())) {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+  : _env(callback.Env()),
+    _receiver(Napi::Persistent(receiver)),
+    _callback(Napi::Persistent(callback)),
+    _suppress_destruct(false) {
+  napi_value resource_id;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_latin1(
+      _env, resource_name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resource_id);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  status = napi_create_async_work(_env, resource, resource_id, OnAsyncWorkExecute,
+                                  OnAsyncWorkComplete, this, &_work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env)
+  : AsyncWorker(env, "generic") {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncWorker(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+  : _env(env),
+    _receiver(),
+    _callback(),
+    _suppress_destruct(false) {
+  napi_value resource_id;
+  napi_status status = napi_create_string_latin1(
+      _env, resource_name, NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resource_id);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+
+  status = napi_create_async_work(_env, resource, resource_id, OnAsyncWorkExecute,
+                                  OnAsyncWorkComplete, this, &_work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::~AsyncWorker() {
+  if (_work != nullptr) {
+    napi_delete_async_work(_env, _work);
+    _work = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::Destroy() {
+  delete this;
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::AsyncWorker(AsyncWorker&& other) {
+  _env = other._env;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  _work = other._work;
+  other._work = nullptr;
+  _receiver = std::move(other._receiver);
+  _callback = std::move(other._callback);
+  _error = std::move(other._error);
+  _suppress_destruct = other._suppress_destruct;
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker& AsyncWorker::operator =(AsyncWorker&& other) {
+  _env = other._env;
+  other._env = nullptr;
+  _work = other._work;
+  other._work = nullptr;
+  _receiver = std::move(other._receiver);
+  _callback = std::move(other._callback);
+  _error = std::move(other._error);
+  _suppress_destruct = other._suppress_destruct;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline AsyncWorker::operator napi_async_work() const {
+  return _work;
+}
+
+inline Napi::Env AsyncWorker::Env() const {
+  return Napi::Env(_env);
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::Queue() {
+  napi_status status = napi_queue_async_work(_env, _work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::Cancel() {
+  napi_status status = napi_cancel_async_work(_env, _work);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(_env, status);
+}
+
+inline ObjectReference& AsyncWorker::Receiver() {
+  return _receiver;
+}
+
+inline FunctionReference& AsyncWorker::Callback() {
+  return _callback;
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::SuppressDestruct() {
+  _suppress_destruct = true;
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnOK() {
+  if (!_callback.IsEmpty()) {
+    _callback.Call(_receiver.Value(), GetResult(_callback.Env()));
+  }
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnError(const Error& e) {
+  if (!_callback.IsEmpty()) {
+    _callback.Call(_receiver.Value(), std::initializer_list<napi_value>{ e.Value() });
+  }
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::SetError(const std::string& error) {
+  _error = error;
+}
+
+inline std::vector<napi_value> AsyncWorker::GetResult(Napi::Env /*env*/) {
+  return {};
+}
+// The OnAsyncWorkExecute method receives an napi_env argument. However, do NOT
+// use it within this method, as it does not run on the JavaScript thread and
+// must not run any method that would cause JavaScript to run. In practice,
+// this means that almost any use of napi_env will be incorrect.
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnAsyncWorkExecute(napi_env env, void* asyncworker) {
+  AsyncWorker* self = static_cast<AsyncWorker*>(asyncworker);
+  self->OnExecute(env);
+}
+// The OnExecute method receives an napi_env argument. However, do NOT
+// use it within this method, as it does not run on the JavaScript thread and
+// must not run any method that would cause JavaScript to run. In practice,
+// this means that almost any use of napi_env will be incorrect.
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnExecute(Napi::Env /*DO_NOT_USE*/) {
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    Execute();
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    SetError(e.what());
+  }
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  Execute();
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnAsyncWorkComplete(napi_env env,
+                                             napi_status status,
+                                             void* asyncworker) {
+  AsyncWorker* self = static_cast<AsyncWorker*>(asyncworker);
+  self->OnWorkComplete(env, status);
+}
+inline void AsyncWorker::OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env /*env*/, napi_status status) {
+  if (status != napi_cancelled) {
+    HandleScope scope(_env);
+    details::WrapCallback([&] {
+      if (_error.size() == 0) {
+        OnOK();
+      }
+      else {
+        OnError(Error::New(_env, _error));
+      }
+      return nullptr;
+    });
+  }
+  if (!_suppress_destruct) {
+    Destroy();
+  }
+}
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__))
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType,DataType,CallJs> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Starting with NAPI 5, the JavaScript function `func` parameter of
+// `napi_create_threadsafe_function` is optional.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      resource,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      nullptr,
+      resource,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+#endif
+
+// static, with Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Function& callback,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      callback,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Function& callback,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  napi_status status =
+      napi_create_threadsafe_function(env,
+                                      callback,
+                                      resource,
+                                      String::From(env, resourceName),
+                                      maxQueueSize,
+                                      initialThreadCount,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      nullptr,
+                                      context,
+                                      CallJsInternal,
+                                      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    const Function& callback,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      callback,
+      nullptr,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+// static, with: Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+template <typename CallbackType,
+          typename ResourceString,
+          typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::New(
+    napi_env env,
+    CallbackType callback,
+    const Object& resource,
+    ResourceString resourceName,
+    size_t maxQueueSize,
+    size_t initialThreadCount,
+    ContextType* context,
+    Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+    FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> tsfn;
+
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::
+      ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>(
+          {data, finalizeCallback});
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(
+      env,
+      details::DefaultCallbackWrapper<
+          CallbackType,
+          TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>>(env,
+                                                                  callback),
+      resource,
+      String::From(env, resourceName),
+      maxQueueSize,
+      initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData,
+      details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::
+          FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext,
+      context,
+      CallJsInternal,
+      &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(
+        env, status, TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction()
+    : _tsfn() {}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsfn)
+    : _tsfn(tsfn) {}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::
+operator napi_threadsafe_function() const {
+  return _tsfn;
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::BlockingCall(
+    DataType* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::NonBlockingCall(
+    DataType* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline void TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Ref(
+    napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_ref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline void TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Unref(
+    napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_unref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Acquire() const {
+  return napi_acquire_threadsafe_function(_tsfn);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Release() {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_release);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline napi_status
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::Abort() {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_abort);
+}
+
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+inline ContextType*
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::GetContext() const {
+  void* context;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_threadsafe_function_context(_tsfn, &context);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status,
+                       "TypedThreadSafeFunction::GetContext",
+                       "napi_get_threadsafe_function_context");
+  return static_cast<ContextType*>(context);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+void TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::CallJsInternal(
+    napi_env env, napi_value jsCallback, void* context, void* data) {
+  details::CallJsWrapper<ContextType, DataType, decltype(CallJs), CallJs>(
+      env, jsCallback, context, data);
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION == 4
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+Napi::Function
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::EmptyFunctionFactory(
+    Napi::Env env) {
+  return Napi::Function::New(env, [](const CallbackInfo& cb) {});
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+Napi::Function
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::FunctionOrEmpty(
+    Napi::Env env, Napi::Function& callback) {
+  if (callback.IsEmpty()) {
+    return EmptyFunctionFactory(env);
+  }
+  return callback;
+}
+
+#else
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+std::nullptr_t
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::EmptyFunctionFactory(
+    Napi::Env /*env*/) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ContextType,
+          typename DataType,
+          void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*)>
+Napi::Function
+TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>::FunctionOrEmpty(
+    Napi::Env /*env*/, Napi::Function& callback) {
+  return callback;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ThreadSafeFunction class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount) {
+  return New(env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context) {
+  return New(env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, context);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, finalizeCallback);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, finalizeCallback, data);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, context, finalizeCallback);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+          typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env, callback, Object(), resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, context, finalizeCallback, data);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount) {
+  return New(env, callback, resource, resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* context */);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context) {
+  return New(env, callback, resource, resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, context,
+             [](Env, ContextType*) {} /* empty finalizer */);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env, callback, resource, resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* context */,
+             finalizeCallback, static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* data */,
+             details::ThreadSafeFinalize<void, Finalizer>::Wrapper);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer,
+          typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env, callback, resource, resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* context */,
+             finalizeCallback, data,
+             details::ThreadSafeFinalize<
+                 void, Finalizer, FinalizerDataType>::FinalizeWrapperWithData);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback) {
+  return New(env, callback, resource, resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, context, finalizeCallback,
+             static_cast<void*>(nullptr) /* data */,
+             details::ThreadSafeFinalize<
+                 ContextType, Finalizer>::FinalizeWrapperWithContext);
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+          typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data) {
+  return New(env, callback, resource, resourceName, maxQueueSize,
+             initialThreadCount, context, finalizeCallback, data,
+             details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer,
+                 FinalizerDataType>::FinalizeFinalizeWrapperWithDataAndContext);
+}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::ThreadSafeFunction()
+  : _tsfn() {
+}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::ThreadSafeFunction(
+    napi_threadsafe_function tsfn)
+  : _tsfn(tsfn) {
+}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::operator napi_threadsafe_function() const {
+  return _tsfn;
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall() const {
+  return CallInternal(nullptr, napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall(
+    void* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall(
+    Callback callback) const {
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(callback), napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::BlockingCall(
+    DataType* data, Callback callback) const {
+  auto wrapper = [data, callback](Env env, Function jsCallback) {
+    callback(env, jsCallback, data);
+  };
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(wrapper), napi_tsfn_blocking);
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall() const {
+  return CallInternal(nullptr, napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall(
+    void* data) const {
+  return napi_call_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, data, napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall(
+    Callback callback) const {
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(callback), napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::NonBlockingCall(
+    DataType* data, Callback callback) const {
+  auto wrapper = [data, callback](Env env, Function jsCallback) {
+    callback(env, jsCallback, data);
+  };
+  return CallInternal(new CallbackWrapper(wrapper), napi_tsfn_nonblocking);
+}
+
+inline void ThreadSafeFunction::Ref(napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_ref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void ThreadSafeFunction::Unref(napi_env env) const {
+  if (_tsfn != nullptr) {
+    napi_status status = napi_unref_threadsafe_function(env, _tsfn);
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status);
+  }
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::Acquire() const {
+  return napi_acquire_threadsafe_function(_tsfn);
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::Release() {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_release);
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::Abort() {
+  return napi_release_threadsafe_function(_tsfn, napi_tsfn_abort);
+}
+
+inline ThreadSafeFunction::ConvertibleContext
+ThreadSafeFunction::GetContext() const {
+  void* context;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_threadsafe_function_context(_tsfn, &context);
+  NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, "ThreadSafeFunction::GetContext", "napi_get_threadsafe_function_context");
+  return ConvertibleContext({ context });
+}
+
+// static
+template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+          typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+inline ThreadSafeFunction ThreadSafeFunction::New(napi_env env,
+                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                                  ContextType* context,
+                                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                                  FinalizerDataType* data,
+                                                  napi_finalize wrapper) {
+  static_assert(details::can_make_string<ResourceString>::value
+      || std::is_convertible<ResourceString, napi_value>::value,
+      "Resource name should be convertible to the string type");
+
+  ThreadSafeFunction tsfn;
+  auto* finalizeData = new details::ThreadSafeFinalize<ContextType, Finalizer,
+      FinalizerDataType>({ data, finalizeCallback });
+  napi_status status = napi_create_threadsafe_function(env, callback, resource,
+      Value::From(env, resourceName), maxQueueSize, initialThreadCount,
+      finalizeData, wrapper, context, CallJS, &tsfn._tsfn);
+  if (status != napi_ok) {
+    delete finalizeData;
+    NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ThreadSafeFunction());
+  }
+
+  return tsfn;
+}
+
+inline napi_status ThreadSafeFunction::CallInternal(
+    CallbackWrapper* callbackWrapper,
+    napi_threadsafe_function_call_mode mode) const {
+  napi_status status = napi_call_threadsafe_function(
+      _tsfn, callbackWrapper, mode);
+  if (status != napi_ok && callbackWrapper != nullptr) {
+    delete callbackWrapper;
+  }
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+// static
+inline void ThreadSafeFunction::CallJS(napi_env env,
+                                       napi_value jsCallback,
+                                       void* /* context */,
+                                       void* data) {
+  if (env == nullptr && jsCallback == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (data != nullptr) {
+    auto* callbackWrapper = static_cast<CallbackWrapper*>(data);
+    (*callbackWrapper)(env, Function(env, jsCallback));
+    delete callbackWrapper;
+  } else if (jsCallback != nullptr) {
+    Function(env, jsCallback).Call({});
+  }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Async Progress Worker Base class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template <typename DataType>
+inline AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::AsyncProgressWorkerBase(const Object& receiver,
+                                                                  const Function& callback,
+                                                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                                  size_t queue_size)
+  : AsyncWorker(receiver, callback, resource_name, resource) {
+  // Fill all possible arguments to work around ambiguous ThreadSafeFunction::New signatures.
+  _tsfn = ThreadSafeFunction::New(callback.Env(),
+                                  callback,
+                                  resource,
+                                  resource_name,
+                                  queue_size,
+                                  /** initialThreadCount */ 1,
+                                  /** context */ this,
+                                  OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize,
+                                  /** finalizeData */ this);
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+template <typename DataType>
+inline AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::AsyncProgressWorkerBase(Napi::Env env,
+                                                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                                                  const Object& resource,
+                                                                  size_t queue_size)
+  : AsyncWorker(env, resource_name, resource) {
+  // TODO: Once the changes to make the callback optional for threadsafe
+  // functions are available on all versions we can remove the dummy Function here.
+  Function callback;
+  // Fill all possible arguments to work around ambiguous ThreadSafeFunction::New signatures.
+  _tsfn = ThreadSafeFunction::New(env,
+                                  callback,
+                                  resource,
+                                  resource_name,
+                                  queue_size,
+                                  /** initialThreadCount */ 1,
+                                  /** context */ this,
+                                  OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize,
+                                  /** finalizeData */ this);
+}
+#endif
+
+template<typename DataType>
+inline AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::~AsyncProgressWorkerBase() {
+  // Abort pending tsfn call.
+  // Don't send progress events after we've already completed.
+  // It's ok to call ThreadSafeFunction::Abort and ThreadSafeFunction::Release duplicated.
+  _tsfn.Abort();
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::OnAsyncWorkProgress(Napi::Env /* env */,
+                                Napi::Function /* jsCallback */,
+                                void* data) {
+  ThreadSafeData* tsd = static_cast<ThreadSafeData*>(data);
+  tsd->asyncprogressworker()->OnWorkProgress(tsd->data());
+  delete tsd;
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline napi_status AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::NonBlockingCall(DataType* data) {
+  auto tsd = new AsyncProgressWorkerBase::ThreadSafeData(this, data);
+  return _tsfn.NonBlockingCall(tsd, OnAsyncWorkProgress);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env /* env */, napi_status status) {
+  _work_completed = true;
+  _complete_status = status;
+  _tsfn.Release();
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorkerBase<DataType>::OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(Napi::Env env, void* /* data */, AsyncProgressWorkerBase* context) {
+  if (context->_work_completed) {
+    context->AsyncWorker::OnWorkComplete(env, context->_complete_status);
+  }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Async Progress Worker class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(callback, "generic") {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                const char* resource_name,
+                                const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(Object::New(callback.Env()),
+                callback,
+                resource_name,
+                resource) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                   const Function& callback)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(receiver, callback, "generic") {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                   const Function& callback,
+                                                   const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(receiver,
+                callback,
+                resource_name,
+                Object::New(callback.Env())) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                   const Function& callback,
+                                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                                   const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncProgressWorkerBase(receiver, callback, resource_name, resource),
+    _asyncdata(nullptr),
+    _asyncsize(0) {
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(env, "generic") {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                                   const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncProgressWorker(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                                   const char* resource_name,
+                                                   const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncProgressWorkerBase(env, resource_name, resource),
+    _asyncdata(nullptr),
+    _asyncsize(0) {
+}
+#endif
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressWorker<T>::~AsyncProgressWorker() {
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+    _asyncdata = nullptr;
+    _asyncsize = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::Execute() {
+  ExecutionProgress progress(this);
+  Execute(progress);
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::OnWorkProgress(void*) {
+  T* data;
+  size_t size;
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+    data = this->_asyncdata;
+    size = this->_asyncsize;
+    this->_asyncdata = nullptr;
+    this->_asyncsize = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The callback of ThreadSafeFunction is not been invoked immediately on the
+   * callback of uv_async_t (uv io poll), rather the callback of TSFN is
+   * invoked on the right next uv idle callback. There are chances that during
+   * the deferring the signal of uv_async_t is been sent again, i.e. potential
+   * not coalesced two calls of the TSFN callback.
+   */
+  if (data == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->OnProgress(data, size);
+  delete[] data;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count) {
+    T* new_data = new T[count];
+    std::copy(data, data + count, new_data);
+
+    T* old_data;
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->_mutex);
+      old_data = _asyncdata;
+      _asyncdata = new_data;
+      _asyncsize = count;
+    }
+    this->NonBlockingCall(nullptr);
+
+    delete[] old_data;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::Signal() const {
+  this->NonBlockingCall(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Signal() const {
+  _worker->Signal();
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Send(const T* data, size_t count) const {
+  _worker->SendProgress_(data, count);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Async Progress Queue Worker class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(callback, "generic") {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                                             const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(callback, resource_name, Object::New(callback.Env())) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                                             const char* resource_name,
+                                                             const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Object::New(callback.Env()),
+                             callback,
+                             resource_name,
+                             resource) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                             const Function& callback)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(receiver, callback, "generic") {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                             const Function& callback,
+                                                             const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(receiver,
+                             callback,
+                             resource_name,
+                             Object::New(callback.Env())) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                                             const Function& callback,
+                                                             const char* resource_name,
+                                                             const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>>(receiver, callback, resource_name, resource, /** unlimited queue size */0) {
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(env, "generic") {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* resource_name)
+  : AsyncProgressQueueWorker(env, resource_name, Object::New(env)) {
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                                             const char* resource_name,
+                                                             const Object& resource)
+  : AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>>(env, resource_name, resource, /** unlimited queue size */0) {
+}
+#endif
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::Execute() {
+  ExecutionProgress progress(this);
+  Execute(progress);
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::OnWorkProgress(std::pair<T*, size_t>* datapair) {
+  if (datapair == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  T *data = datapair->first;
+  size_t size = datapair->second;
+
+  this->OnProgress(data, size);
+  delete datapair;
+  delete[] data;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count) {
+    T* new_data = new T[count];
+    std::copy(data, data + count, new_data);
+
+    auto pair = new std::pair<T*, size_t>(new_data, count);
+    this->NonBlockingCall(pair);
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::Signal() const {
+  this->NonBlockingCall(nullptr);
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) {
+  // Draining queued items in TSFN.
+  AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>>::OnWorkComplete(env, status);
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Signal() const {
+  _worker->Signal();
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline void AsyncProgressQueueWorker<T>::ExecutionProgress::Send(const T* data, size_t count) const {
+  _worker->SendProgress_(data, count);
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__)
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Memory Management class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline int64_t MemoryManagement::AdjustExternalMemory(Env env, int64_t change_in_bytes) {
+  int64_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_adjust_external_memory(env, change_in_bytes, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Version Management class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline uint32_t VersionManagement::GetNapiVersion(Env env) {
+  uint32_t result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_version(env, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline const napi_node_version* VersionManagement::GetNodeVersion(Env env) {
+  const napi_node_version* result;
+  napi_status status = napi_get_node_version(env, &result);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, 0);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Addon<T> class
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Object Addon<T>::Init(Env env, Object exports) {
+  T* addon = new T(env, exports);
+  env.SetInstanceData(addon);
+  return addon->entry_point_;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* Addon<T>::Unwrap(Object wrapper) {
+  return wrapper.Env().GetInstanceData<T>();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void
+Addon<T>::DefineAddon(Object exports,
+                      const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props) {
+  DefineProperties(exports, props);
+  entry_point_ = exports;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline Napi::Object
+Addon<T>::DefineProperties(Object object,
+                           const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props) {
+  const napi_property_descriptor* properties =
+    reinterpret_cast<const napi_property_descriptor*>(props.begin());
+  size_t size = props.size();
+  napi_status status = napi_define_properties(object.Env(),
+                                              object,
+                                              size,
+                                              properties);
+  NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(object.Env(), status, object);
+  for (size_t idx = 0; idx < size; idx++)
+    T::AttachPropData(object.Env(), object, &properties[idx]);
+  return object;
+}
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+} // namespace Napi
+
+#endif // SRC_NAPI_INL_H_
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi.h b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7dc9b17df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/napi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2727 @@
+#ifndef SRC_NAPI_H_
+#define SRC_NAPI_H_
+
+#include <node_api.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// VS2015 RTM has bugs with constexpr, so require min of VS2015 Update 3 (known good version)
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190024210
+#define NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR 1
+#endif
+
+// VS2013 does not support char16_t literal strings, so we'll work around it using wchar_t strings
+// and casting them. This is safe as long as the character sizes are the same.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+static_assert(sizeof(char16_t) == sizeof(wchar_t), "Size mismatch between char16_t and wchar_t");
+#define NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(x) reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(L ## x)
+#else
+#define NAPI_WIDE_TEXT(x) u ## x
+#endif
+
+// If C++ exceptions are not explicitly enabled or disabled, enable them
+// if exceptions were enabled in the compiler settings.
+#if !defined(NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS)
+  #if defined(_CPPUNWIND) || defined (__EXCEPTIONS)
+    #define NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+  #else
+    #error Exception support not detected. \
+      Define either NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS or NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS.
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _NOEXCEPT
+  #define NAPI_NOEXCEPT _NOEXCEPT
+#else
+  #define NAPI_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// When C++ exceptions are enabled, Errors are thrown directly. There is no need
+// to return anything after the throw statements. The variadic parameter is an
+// optional return value that is ignored.
+// We need _VOID versions of the macros to avoid warnings resulting from
+// leaving the NAPI_THROW_* `...` argument empty.
+
+#define NAPI_THROW(e, ...)  throw e
+#define NAPI_THROW_VOID(e)  throw e
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ...)           \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) throw Napi::Error::New(env);
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status)           \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) throw Napi::Error::New(env);
+
+#else // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// When C++ exceptions are disabled, Errors are thrown as JavaScript exceptions,
+// which are pending until the callback returns to JS.  The variadic parameter
+// is an optional return value; usually it is an empty result.
+// We need _VOID versions of the macros to avoid warnings resulting from
+// leaving the NAPI_THROW_* `...` argument empty.
+
+#define NAPI_THROW(e, ...)                               \
+  do {                                                   \
+    (e).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                    \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                  \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_VOID(e)                               \
+  do {                                                   \
+    (e).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();                    \
+    return;                                              \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED(env, status, ...)           \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) {                             \
+    Napi::Error::New(env).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();  \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                  \
+  }
+
+#define NAPI_THROW_IF_FAILED_VOID(env, status)           \
+  if ((status) != napi_ok) {                             \
+    Napi::Error::New(env).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();  \
+    return;                                              \
+  }
+
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+# define NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(CLASS) void operator=(const CLASS&) = delete;
+# define NAPI_DISALLOW_COPY(CLASS) CLASS(const CLASS&) = delete;
+
+#define NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CLASS)  \
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(CLASS)           \
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_COPY(CLASS)
+
+#define NAPI_FATAL_IF_FAILED(status, location, message)  \
+  do {                                                   \
+    if ((status) != napi_ok) {                           \
+      Napi::Error::Fatal((location), (message));         \
+    }                                                    \
+  } while (0)
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// Node-API C++ Wrapper Classes
+///
+/// These classes wrap the "Node-API" ABI-stable C APIs for Node.js, providing a
+/// C++ object model and C++ exception-handling semantics with low overhead.
+/// The wrappers are all header-only so that they do not affect the ABI.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+namespace Napi {
+
+  // Forward declarations
+  class Env;
+  class Value;
+  class Boolean;
+  class Number;
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  class BigInt;
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+  class Date;
+#endif
+  class String;
+  class Object;
+  class Array;
+  class ArrayBuffer;
+  class Function;
+  class Error;
+  class PropertyDescriptor;
+  class CallbackInfo;
+  class TypedArray;
+  template <typename T> class TypedArrayOf;
+
+  using Int8Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int8_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 8-bit integers
+  using Uint8Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint8_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 8-bit integers
+  using Int16Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int16_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 16-bit integers
+  using Uint16Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint16_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 16-bit integers
+  using Int32Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int32_t>;  ///< Typed-array of signed 32-bit integers
+  using Uint32Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint32_t>;  ///< Typed-array of unsigned 32-bit integers
+  using Float32Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<float>;  ///< Typed-array of 32-bit floating-point values
+  using Float64Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<double>;  ///< Typed-array of 64-bit floating-point values
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  using BigInt64Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<int64_t>;  ///< Typed array of signed 64-bit integers
+  using BigUint64Array =
+      TypedArrayOf<uint64_t>;  ///< Typed array of unsigned 64-bit integers
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+  /// Defines the signature of a Node-API C++ module's registration callback
+  /// (init) function.
+  using ModuleRegisterCallback = Object (*)(Env env, Object exports);
+
+  class MemoryManagement;
+
+  /// Environment for Node-API values and operations.
+  ///
+  /// All Node-API values and operations must be associated with an environment.
+  /// An environment instance is always provided to callback functions; that
+  /// environment must then be used for any creation of Node-API values or other
+  /// Node-API operations within the callback. (Many methods infer the
+  /// environment from the `this` instance that the method is called on.)
+  ///
+  /// In the future, multiple environments per process may be supported,
+  /// although current implementations only support one environment per process.
+  ///
+  /// In the V8 JavaScript engine, a Node-API environment approximately
+  /// corresponds to an Isolate.
+  class Env {
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  private:
+    template <typename T> static void DefaultFini(Env, T* data);
+    template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+    static void DefaultFiniWithHint(Env, DataType* data, HintType* hint);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  public:
+    Env(napi_env env);
+
+    operator napi_env() const;
+
+    Object Global() const;
+    Value Undefined() const;
+    Value Null() const;
+
+    bool IsExceptionPending() const;
+    Error GetAndClearPendingException();
+
+    Value RunScript(const char* utf8script);
+    Value RunScript(const std::string& utf8script);
+    Value RunScript(String script);
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+    template <typename T> T* GetInstanceData();
+
+    template <typename T> using Finalizer = void (*)(Env, T*);
+    template <typename T, Finalizer<T> fini = Env::DefaultFini<T>>
+    void SetInstanceData(T* data);
+
+    template <typename DataType, typename HintType>
+    using FinalizerWithHint = void (*)(Env, DataType*, HintType*);
+    template <typename DataType,
+              typename HintType,
+              FinalizerWithHint<DataType, HintType> fini =
+                Env::DefaultFiniWithHint<DataType, HintType>>
+    void SetInstanceData(DataType* data, HintType* hint);
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript value of unknown type.
+  ///
+  /// For type-specific operations, convert to one of the Value subclasses using a `To*` or `As()`
+  /// method. The `To*` methods do type coercion; the `As()` method does not.
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Value value = ...
+  ///     if (!value.IsString()) throw Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Invalid arg...");
+  ///     Napi::String str = value.As<Napi::String>(); // Cast to a string value
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Value anotherValue = ...
+  ///     bool isTruthy = anotherValue.ToBoolean(); // Coerce to a boolean value
+  class Value {
+  public:
+    Value();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ Value instance.
+    Value(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    /// Creates a JS value from a C++ primitive.
+    ///
+    /// `value` may be any of:
+    /// - bool
+    /// - Any integer type
+    /// - Any floating point type
+    /// - const char* (encoded using UTF-8, null-terminated)
+    /// - const char16_t* (encoded using UTF-16-LE, null-terminated)
+    /// - std::string (encoded using UTF-8)
+    /// - std::u16string
+    /// - napi::Value
+    /// - napi_value
+    template <typename T>
+    static Value From(napi_env env, const T& value);
+
+    /// Converts to a Node-API value primitive.
+    ///
+    /// If the instance is _empty_, this returns `nullptr`.
+    operator napi_value() const;
+
+    /// Tests if this value strictly equals another value.
+    bool operator ==(const Value& other) const;
+
+    /// Tests if this value does not strictly equal another value.
+    bool operator !=(const Value& other) const;
+
+    /// Tests if this value strictly equals another value.
+    bool StrictEquals(const Value& other) const;
+
+    /// Gets the environment the value is associated with.
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+    /// Checks if the value is empty (uninitialized).
+    ///
+    /// An empty value is invalid, and most attempts to perform an operation on an empty value
+    /// will result in an exception. Note an empty value is distinct from JavaScript `null` or
+    /// `undefined`, which are valid values.
+    ///
+    /// When C++ exceptions are disabled at compile time, a method with a `Value` return type may
+    /// return an empty value to indicate a pending exception. So when not using C++ exceptions,
+    /// callers should check whether the value is empty before attempting to use it.
+    bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+    napi_valuetype Type() const; ///< Gets the type of the value.
+
+    bool IsUndefined() const;   ///< Tests if a value is an undefined JavaScript value.
+    bool IsNull() const;        ///< Tests if a value is a null JavaScript value.
+    bool IsBoolean() const;     ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript boolean.
+    bool IsNumber() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript number.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+    bool IsBigInt() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript bigint.
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+    bool IsDate() const;        ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript date.
+#endif
+    bool IsString() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript string.
+    bool IsSymbol() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript symbol.
+    bool IsArray() const;       ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript array.
+    bool IsArrayBuffer() const; ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript array buffer.
+    bool IsTypedArray() const;  ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript typed array.
+    bool IsObject() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript object.
+    bool IsFunction() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript function.
+    bool IsPromise() const;     ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript promise.
+    bool IsDataView() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a JavaScript data view.
+    bool IsBuffer() const;      ///< Tests if a value is a Node buffer.
+    bool IsExternal() const;    ///< Tests if a value is a pointer to external data.
+
+    /// Casts to another type of `Napi::Value`, when the actual type is known or assumed.
+    ///
+    /// This conversion does NOT coerce the type. Calling any methods inappropriate for the actual
+    /// value type will throw `Napi::Error`.
+    template <typename T> T As() const;
+
+    Boolean ToBoolean() const; ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript boolean.
+    Number ToNumber() const;   ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript number.
+    String ToString() const;   ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript string.
+    Object ToObject() const;   ///< Coerces a value to a JavaScript object.
+
+  protected:
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_value _value;
+    /// !endcond
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript boolean value.
+  class Boolean : public Value {
+  public:
+   static Boolean New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                      bool value     ///< Boolean value
+   );
+
+   Boolean();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Boolean instance.
+   Boolean(napi_env env,
+           napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   operator bool() const;  ///< Converts a Boolean value to a boolean primitive.
+   bool Value() const;     ///< Converts a Boolean value to a boolean primitive.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript number value.
+  class Number : public Value {
+  public:
+   static Number New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                     double value   ///< Number value
+   );
+
+   Number();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Number instance.
+   Number(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   operator int32_t()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit signed integer value.
+   operator uint32_t()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+   operator int64_t()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+   operator float()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit floating-point value.
+   operator double()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit floating-point value.
+
+   int32_t Int32Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit signed integer value.
+   uint32_t Uint32Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+   int64_t Int64Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+   float FloatValue()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 32-bit floating-point value.
+   double DoubleValue()
+       const;  ///< Converts a Number value to a 64-bit floating-point value.
+  };
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  /// A JavaScript bigint value.
+  class BigInt : public Value {
+  public:
+   static BigInt New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                     int64_t value  ///< Number value
+   );
+   static BigInt New(napi_env env,   ///< Node-API environment
+                     uint64_t value  ///< Number value
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new BigInt object using a specified sign bit and a
+   /// specified list of digits/words.
+   /// The resulting number is calculated as:
+   /// (-1)^sign_bit * (words[0] * (2^64)^0 + words[1] * (2^64)^1 + ...)
+   static BigInt New(napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+                     int sign_bit,          ///< Sign bit. 1 if negative.
+                     size_t word_count,     ///< Number of words in array
+                     const uint64_t* words  ///< Array of words
+   );
+
+   BigInt();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ BigInt instance.
+   BigInt(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   int64_t Int64Value(bool* lossless)
+       const;  ///< Converts a BigInt value to a 64-bit signed integer value.
+   uint64_t Uint64Value(bool* lossless)
+       const;  ///< Converts a BigInt value to a 64-bit unsigned integer value.
+
+   size_t WordCount() const;  ///< The number of 64-bit words needed to store
+                              ///< the result of ToWords().
+
+   /// Writes the contents of this BigInt to a specified memory location.
+   /// `sign_bit` must be provided and will be set to 1 if this BigInt is
+   /// negative.
+   /// `*word_count` has to be initialized to the length of the `words` array.
+   /// Upon return, it will be set to the actual number of words that would
+   /// be needed to store this BigInt (i.e. the return value of `WordCount()`).
+   void ToWords(int* sign_bit, size_t* word_count, uint64_t* words);
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 4)
+  /// A JavaScript date value.
+  class Date : public Value {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new Date value from a double primitive.
+   static Date New(napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+                   double value   ///< Number value
+   );
+
+   Date();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Date instance.
+   Date(napi_env env, napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+   operator double() const;  ///< Converts a Date value to double primitive
+
+   double ValueOf() const;  ///< Converts a Date value to a double primitive.
+  };
+  #endif
+
+  /// A JavaScript string or symbol value (that can be used as a property name).
+  class Name : public Value {
+  public:
+    Name();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ Name instance.
+    Name(napi_env env,
+         napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript string value.
+  class String : public Name {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+   static String New(napi_env env,             ///< Node-API environment
+                     const std::string& value  ///< UTF-8 encoded C++ string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+   static String New(napi_env env,                ///< Node-API environment
+                     const std::u16string& value  ///< UTF-16 encoded C++ string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C string.
+   static String New(
+       napi_env env,      ///< Node-API environment
+       const char* value  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated C string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C string.
+   static String New(
+       napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+       const char16_t* value  ///< UTF-16 encoded null-terminated C string
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-8 encoded C string with specified
+   /// length.
+   static String New(napi_env env,       ///< Node-API environment
+                     const char* value,  ///< UTF-8 encoded C string (not
+                                         ///< necessarily null-terminated)
+                     size_t length       ///< length of the string in bytes
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String value from a UTF-16 encoded C string with specified
+   /// length.
+   static String New(
+       napi_env env,           ///< Node-API environment
+       const char16_t* value,  ///< UTF-16 encoded C string (not necessarily
+                               ///< null-terminated)
+       size_t length           ///< Length of the string in 2-byte code units
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new String based on the original object's type.
+   ///
+   /// `value` may be any of:
+   /// - const char* (encoded using UTF-8, null-terminated)
+   /// - const char16_t* (encoded using UTF-16-LE, null-terminated)
+   /// - std::string (encoded using UTF-8)
+   /// - std::u16string
+   template <typename T>
+   static String From(napi_env env, const T& value);
+
+   String();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ String instance.
+   String(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   operator std::string()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+   operator std::u16string()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+   std::string Utf8Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-8 encoded C++ string.
+   std::u16string Utf16Value()
+       const;  ///< Converts a String value to a UTF-16 encoded C++ string.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript symbol value.
+  class Symbol : public Name {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new Symbol value with an optional description.
+   static Symbol New(
+       napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+       const char* description =
+           nullptr  ///< Optional UTF-8 encoded null-terminated C string
+                    ///  describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+   static Symbol New(
+       napi_env env,  ///< Node-API environment
+       const std::string&
+           description  ///< UTF-8 encoded C++ string describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+   static Symbol New(napi_env env,       ///< Node-API environment
+                     String description  ///< String value describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new Symbol value with a description.
+   static Symbol New(
+       napi_env env,           ///< Node-API environment
+       napi_value description  ///< String value describing the symbol
+   );
+
+   /// Get a public Symbol (e.g. Symbol.iterator).
+   static Symbol WellKnown(napi_env, const std::string& name);
+
+   Symbol();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ Symbol instance.
+   Symbol(napi_env env,
+          napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript object value.
+  class Object : public Value {
+  public:
+    /// Enables property and element assignments using indexing syntax.
+    ///
+    /// Example:
+    ///
+    ///     Napi::Value propertyValue = object1['A'];
+    ///     object2['A'] = propertyValue;
+    ///     Napi::Value elementValue = array[0];
+    ///     array[1] = elementValue;
+    template <typename Key>
+    class PropertyLValue {
+    public:
+      /// Converts an L-value to a value.
+      operator Value() const;
+
+      /// Assigns a value to the property. The type of value can be
+      /// anything supported by `Object::Set`.
+      template <typename ValueType>
+      PropertyLValue& operator =(ValueType value);
+
+    private:
+      PropertyLValue() = delete;
+      PropertyLValue(Object object, Key key);
+      napi_env _env;
+      napi_value _object;
+      Key _key;
+
+      friend class Napi::Object;
+    };
+
+    /// Creates a new Object value.
+    static Object New(napi_env env  ///< Node-API environment
+    );
+
+    Object();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ Object instance.
+    Object(napi_env env,
+           napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    /// Gets or sets a named property.
+    PropertyLValue<std::string> operator [](
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    );
+
+    /// Gets or sets a named property.
+    PropertyLValue<std::string> operator [](
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    );
+
+    /// Gets or sets an indexed property or array element.
+    PropertyLValue<uint32_t> operator [](
+      uint32_t index /// Property / element index
+    );
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    Value operator [](
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    Value operator [](
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets an indexed property or array element.
+    Value operator [](
+      uint32_t index ///< Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a property is present.
+    bool Has(
+      napi_value key ///< Property key primitive
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a property is present.
+    bool Has(
+      Value key ///< Property key
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a named property is present.
+    bool Has(
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a named property is present.
+    bool Has(
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    bool HasOwnProperty(
+      napi_value key ///< Property key primitive
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    bool HasOwnProperty(
+      Value key ///< Property key
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    bool HasOwnProperty(
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Checks whether a own property is present.
+    bool HasOwnProperty(
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a property.
+    Value Get(
+      napi_value key ///< Property key primitive
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a property.
+    Value Get(
+      Value key ///< Property key
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    Value Get(
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets a named property.
+    Value Get(
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Sets a property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    bool Set(napi_value key,         ///< Property key primitive
+             const ValueType& value  ///< Property value primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Sets a property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    bool Set(Value key,              ///< Property key
+             const ValueType& value  ///< Property value
+    );
+
+    /// Sets a named property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    bool Set(
+        const char* utf8name,  ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+        const ValueType& value);
+
+    /// Sets a named property.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    bool Set(const std::string& utf8name,  ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+             const ValueType& value        ///< Property value primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    bool Delete(
+      napi_value key ///< Property key primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    bool Delete(
+      Value key ///< Property key
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    bool Delete(
+      const char* utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded null-terminated property name
+    );
+
+    /// Delete property.
+    bool Delete(
+      const std::string& utf8name ///< UTF-8 encoded property name
+    );
+
+    /// Checks whether an indexed property is present.
+    bool Has(
+      uint32_t index ///< Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Gets an indexed property or array element.
+    Value Get(
+      uint32_t index ///< Property / element index
+    ) const;
+
+    /// Sets an indexed property or array element.
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    bool Set(uint32_t index,         ///< Property / element index
+             const ValueType& value  ///< Property value primitive
+    );
+
+    /// Deletes an indexed property or array element.
+    bool Delete(
+      uint32_t index ///< Property / element index
+    );
+
+    Array GetPropertyNames() const; ///< Get all property names
+
+    /// Defines a property on the object.
+    bool DefineProperty(
+        const PropertyDescriptor&
+            property  ///< Descriptor for the property to be defined
+    );
+
+    /// Defines properties on the object.
+    bool DefineProperties(
+        const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties
+        ///< List of descriptors for the properties to be defined
+    );
+
+    /// Defines properties on the object.
+    bool DefineProperties(
+        const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties
+        ///< Vector of descriptors for the properties to be defined
+    );
+
+    /// Checks if an object is an instance created by a constructor function.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to the JavaScript `instanceof` operator.
+    bool InstanceOf(
+      const Function& constructor ///< Constructor function
+    ) const;
+
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename T>
+    inline void AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback, T* data);
+
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename T, typename Hint>
+    inline void AddFinalizer(Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                             T* data,
+                             Hint* finalizeHint);
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+    bool Freeze();
+    bool Seal();
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 8
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class External : public Value {
+  public:
+    static External New(napi_env env, T* data);
+
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer>
+    static External New(napi_env env,
+                        T* data,
+                        Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+    static External New(napi_env env,
+                        T* data,
+                        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                        Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+    External();
+    External(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+    T* Data() const;
+  };
+
+  class Array : public Object {
+  public:
+    static Array New(napi_env env);
+    static Array New(napi_env env, size_t length);
+
+    Array();
+    Array(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+    uint32_t Length() const;
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript array buffer value.
+  class ArrayBuffer : public Object {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance over a new automatically-allocated buffer.
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,      ///< Node-API environment
+       size_t byteLength  ///< Length of the buffer to be allocated, in bytes
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+   /// specified byte length.
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+       void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                            ///< the array
+       size_t byteLength    ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                            ///< array, in bytes
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+   /// specified byte length.
+   template <typename Finalizer>
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+       void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                            ///< the array
+       size_t byteLength,   ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                            ///< array,
+                            ///  in bytes
+       Finalizer finalizeCallback  ///< Function to be called when the array
+                                   ///< buffer is destroyed;
+                                   ///  must implement `void operator()(Env env,
+                                   ///  void* externalData)`
+   );
+
+   /// Creates a new ArrayBuffer instance, using an external buffer with
+   /// specified byte length.
+   template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+   static ArrayBuffer New(
+       napi_env env,        ///< Node-API environment
+       void* externalData,  ///< Pointer to the external buffer to be used by
+                            ///< the array
+       size_t byteLength,   ///< Length of the external buffer to be used by the
+                            ///< array,
+                            ///  in bytes
+       Finalizer finalizeCallback,  ///< Function to be called when the array
+                                    ///< buffer is destroyed;
+                                    ///  must implement `void operator()(Env
+                                    ///  env, void* externalData, Hint* hint)`
+       Hint* finalizeHint  ///< Hint (second parameter) to be passed to the
+                           ///< finalize callback
+   );
+
+   ArrayBuffer();  ///< Creates a new _empty_ ArrayBuffer instance.
+   ArrayBuffer(napi_env env,
+               napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+   void* Data();         ///< Gets a pointer to the data buffer.
+   size_t ByteLength();  ///< Gets the length of the array buffer in bytes.
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+    bool IsDetached() const;
+    void Detach();
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION >= 7
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript typed-array value with unknown array type.
+  ///
+  /// For type-specific operations, cast to a `TypedArrayOf<T>` instance using the `As()`
+  /// method:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::TypedArray array = ...
+  ///     if (t.TypedArrayType() == napi_int32_array) {
+  ///         Napi::Int32Array int32Array = t.As<Napi::Int32Array>();
+  ///     }
+  class TypedArray : public Object {
+  public:
+    TypedArray();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ TypedArray instance.
+    TypedArray(napi_env env,
+               napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    napi_typedarray_type TypedArrayType() const; ///< Gets the type of this typed-array.
+    Napi::ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer() const;       ///< Gets the backing array buffer.
+
+    uint8_t ElementSize() const;  ///< Gets the size in bytes of one element in the array.
+    size_t ElementLength() const; ///< Gets the number of elements in the array.
+    size_t ByteOffset() const;    ///< Gets the offset into the buffer where the array starts.
+    size_t ByteLength() const;    ///< Gets the length of the array in bytes.
+
+  protected:
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+    napi_typedarray_type _type;
+    size_t _length;
+
+    TypedArray(napi_env env, napi_value value, napi_typedarray_type type, size_t length);
+
+    static const napi_typedarray_type unknown_array_type = static_cast<napi_typedarray_type>(-1);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+    constexpr
+#endif
+    napi_typedarray_type TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType() {
+      return std::is_same<T, int8_t>::value ? napi_int8_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint8_t>::value ? napi_uint8_array
+        : std::is_same<T, int16_t>::value ? napi_int16_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint16_t>::value ? napi_uint16_array
+        : std::is_same<T, int32_t>::value ? napi_int32_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint32_t>::value ? napi_uint32_array
+        : std::is_same<T, float>::value ? napi_float32_array
+        : std::is_same<T, double>::value ? napi_float64_array
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+        : std::is_same<T, int64_t>::value ? napi_bigint64_array
+        : std::is_same<T, uint64_t>::value ? napi_biguint64_array
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+        : unknown_array_type;
+    }
+    /// !endcond
+  };
+
+  /// A JavaScript typed-array value with known array type.
+  ///
+  /// Note while it is possible to create and access Uint8 "clamped" arrays using this class,
+  /// the _clamping_ behavior is only applied in JavaScript.
+  template <typename T>
+  class TypedArrayOf : public TypedArray {
+  public:
+    /// Creates a new TypedArray instance over a new automatically-allocated array buffer.
+    ///
+    /// The array type parameter can normally be omitted (because it is inferred from the template
+    /// parameter T), except when creating a "clamped" array:
+    ///
+    ///     Uint8Array::New(env, length, napi_uint8_clamped_array)
+   static TypedArrayOf New(
+       napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+       size_t elementLength,  ///< Length of the created array, as a number of
+                              ///< elements
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+       napi_typedarray_type type =
+           TypedArray::TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>()
+#else
+       napi_typedarray_type type
+#endif
+       ///< Type of array, if different from the default array type for the
+       ///< template parameter T.
+   );
+
+    /// Creates a new TypedArray instance over a provided array buffer.
+    ///
+    /// The array type parameter can normally be omitted (because it is inferred from the template
+    /// parameter T), except when creating a "clamped" array:
+    ///
+    ///     Uint8Array::New(env, length, buffer, 0, napi_uint8_clamped_array)
+   static TypedArrayOf New(
+       napi_env env,          ///< Node-API environment
+       size_t elementLength,  ///< Length of the created array, as a number of
+                              ///< elements
+       Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,  ///< Backing array buffer instance to use
+       size_t bufferOffset,  ///< Offset into the array buffer where the
+                             ///< typed-array starts
+#if defined(NAPI_HAS_CONSTEXPR)
+       napi_typedarray_type type =
+           TypedArray::TypedArrayTypeForPrimitiveType<T>()
+#else
+       napi_typedarray_type type
+#endif
+       ///< Type of array, if different from the default array type for the
+       ///< template parameter T.
+   );
+
+    TypedArrayOf();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ TypedArrayOf instance.
+    TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+                 napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    T& operator [](size_t index);             ///< Gets or sets an element in the array.
+    const T& operator [](size_t index) const; ///< Gets an element in the array.
+
+    /// Gets a pointer to the array's backing buffer.
+    ///
+    /// This is not necessarily the same as the `ArrayBuffer::Data()` pointer, because the
+    /// typed-array may have a non-zero `ByteOffset()` into the `ArrayBuffer`.
+    T* Data();
+
+    /// Gets a pointer to the array's backing buffer.
+    ///
+    /// This is not necessarily the same as the `ArrayBuffer::Data()` pointer, because the
+    /// typed-array may have a non-zero `ByteOffset()` into the `ArrayBuffer`.
+    const T* Data() const;
+
+  private:
+    T* _data;
+
+    TypedArrayOf(napi_env env,
+                 napi_value value,
+                 napi_typedarray_type type,
+                 size_t length,
+                 T* data);
+  };
+
+  /// The DataView provides a low-level interface for reading/writing multiple
+  /// number types in an ArrayBuffer irrespective of the platform's endianness.
+  class DataView : public Object {
+  public:
+    static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                        Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer);
+    static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                        Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                        size_t byteOffset);
+    static DataView New(napi_env env,
+                        Napi::ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer,
+                        size_t byteOffset,
+                        size_t byteLength);
+
+    DataView();                               ///< Creates a new _empty_ DataView instance.
+    DataView(napi_env env,
+             napi_value value);  ///< Wraps a Node-API value primitive.
+
+    Napi::ArrayBuffer ArrayBuffer() const;    ///< Gets the backing array buffer.
+    size_t ByteOffset() const;    ///< Gets the offset into the buffer where the array starts.
+    size_t ByteLength() const;    ///< Gets the length of the array in bytes.
+
+    void* Data() const;
+
+    float GetFloat32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    double GetFloat64(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    int8_t GetInt8(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    int16_t GetInt16(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    int32_t GetInt32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    uint8_t GetUint8(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    uint16_t GetUint16(size_t byteOffset) const;
+    uint32_t GetUint32(size_t byteOffset) const;
+
+    void SetFloat32(size_t byteOffset, float value) const;
+    void SetFloat64(size_t byteOffset, double value) const;
+    void SetInt8(size_t byteOffset, int8_t value) const;
+    void SetInt16(size_t byteOffset, int16_t value) const;
+    void SetInt32(size_t byteOffset, int32_t value) const;
+    void SetUint8(size_t byteOffset, uint8_t value) const;
+    void SetUint16(size_t byteOffset, uint16_t value) const;
+    void SetUint32(size_t byteOffset, uint32_t value) const;
+
+  private:
+    template <typename T>
+    T ReadData(size_t byteOffset) const;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void WriteData(size_t byteOffset, T value) const;
+
+    void* _data;
+    size_t _length;
+  };
+
+  class Function : public Object {
+  public:
+   using VoidCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+   using Callback = Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+
+   template <VoidCallback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   template <Callback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   template <VoidCallback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   template <Callback cb>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   /// Callable must implement operator() accepting a const CallbackInfo&
+   /// and return either void or Value.
+   template <typename Callable>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       Callable cb,
+                       const char* utf8name = nullptr,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+   /// Callable must implement operator() accepting a const CallbackInfo&
+   /// and return either void or Value.
+   template <typename Callable>
+   static Function New(napi_env env,
+                       Callable cb,
+                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+   Function();
+   Function(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+   Value operator()(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+
+   Value Call(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+   Value Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+   Value Call(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+   Value Call(napi_value recv,
+              const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+   Value Call(napi_value recv, const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+   Value Call(napi_value recv, size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+
+   Value MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                      const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+                      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+   Value MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                      const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+                      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+   Value MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                      size_t argc,
+                      const napi_value* args,
+                      napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+
+   Object New(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+   Object New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+   Object New(size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+  };
+
+  class Promise : public Object {
+  public:
+    class Deferred {
+    public:
+      static Deferred New(napi_env env);
+      Deferred(napi_env env);
+
+      Napi::Promise Promise() const;
+      Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+      void Resolve(napi_value value) const;
+      void Reject(napi_value value) const;
+
+    private:
+      napi_env _env;
+      napi_deferred _deferred;
+      napi_value _promise;
+    };
+
+    Promise(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class Buffer : public Uint8Array {
+  public:
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, size_t length);
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data, size_t length);
+
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer>
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data,
+                         size_t length,
+                         Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+    // Finalizer must implement `void operator()(Env env, T* data, Hint* hint)`.
+    template <typename Finalizer, typename Hint>
+    static Buffer<T> New(napi_env env, T* data,
+                         size_t length,
+                         Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                         Hint* finalizeHint);
+
+    static Buffer<T> Copy(napi_env env, const T* data, size_t length);
+
+    Buffer();
+    Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+    size_t Length() const;
+    T* Data() const;
+
+  private:
+    mutable size_t _length;
+    mutable T* _data;
+
+    Buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, size_t length, T* data);
+    void EnsureInfo() const;
+  };
+
+  /// Holds a counted reference to a value; initially a weak reference unless otherwise specified,
+  /// may be changed to/from a strong reference by adjusting the refcount.
+  ///
+  /// The referenced value is not immediately destroyed when the reference count is zero; it is
+  /// merely then eligible for garbage-collection if there are no other references to the value.
+  template <typename T>
+  class Reference {
+  public:
+    static Reference<T> New(const T& value, uint32_t initialRefcount = 0);
+
+    Reference();
+    Reference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+    ~Reference();
+
+    // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    Reference(Reference<T>&& other);
+    Reference<T>& operator =(Reference<T>&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(Reference<T>)
+
+    operator napi_ref() const;
+    bool operator ==(const Reference<T> &other) const;
+    bool operator !=(const Reference<T> &other) const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+    bool IsEmpty() const;
+
+    // Note when getting the value of a Reference it is usually correct to do so
+    // within a HandleScope so that the value handle gets cleaned up efficiently.
+    T Value() const;
+
+    uint32_t Ref();
+    uint32_t Unref();
+    void Reset();
+    void Reset(const T& value, uint32_t refcount = 0);
+
+    // Call this on a reference that is declared as static data, to prevent its
+    // destructor from running at program shutdown time, which would attempt to
+    // reset the reference when the environment is no longer valid. Avoid using
+    // this if at all possible. If you do need to use static data, MAKE SURE to
+    // warn your users that your addon is NOT threadsafe.
+    void SuppressDestruct();
+
+  protected:
+    Reference(const Reference<T>&);
+
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_ref _ref;
+    /// !endcond
+
+  private:
+    bool _suppressDestruct;
+  };
+
+  class ObjectReference: public Reference<Object> {
+  public:
+    ObjectReference();
+    ObjectReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+
+    // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    ObjectReference(Reference<Object>&& other);
+    ObjectReference& operator =(Reference<Object>&& other);
+    ObjectReference(ObjectReference&& other);
+    ObjectReference& operator =(ObjectReference&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN(ObjectReference)
+
+    Napi::Value Get(const char* utf8name) const;
+    Napi::Value Get(const std::string& utf8name) const;
+    bool Set(const char* utf8name, napi_value value);
+    bool Set(const char* utf8name, Napi::Value value);
+    bool Set(const char* utf8name, const char* utf8value);
+    bool Set(const char* utf8name, bool boolValue);
+    bool Set(const char* utf8name, double numberValue);
+    bool Set(const std::string& utf8name, napi_value value);
+    bool Set(const std::string& utf8name, Napi::Value value);
+    bool Set(const std::string& utf8name, std::string& utf8value);
+    bool Set(const std::string& utf8name, bool boolValue);
+    bool Set(const std::string& utf8name, double numberValue);
+
+    Napi::Value Get(uint32_t index) const;
+    bool Set(uint32_t index, const napi_value value);
+    bool Set(uint32_t index, const Napi::Value value);
+    bool Set(uint32_t index, const char* utf8value);
+    bool Set(uint32_t index, const std::string& utf8value);
+    bool Set(uint32_t index, bool boolValue);
+    bool Set(uint32_t index, double numberValue);
+
+   protected:
+    ObjectReference(const ObjectReference&);
+  };
+
+  class FunctionReference: public Reference<Function> {
+  public:
+    FunctionReference();
+    FunctionReference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
+
+    // A reference can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    FunctionReference(Reference<Function>&& other);
+    FunctionReference& operator =(Reference<Function>&& other);
+    FunctionReference(FunctionReference&& other);
+    FunctionReference& operator =(FunctionReference&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(FunctionReference)
+
+    Napi::Value operator ()(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+
+    Napi::Value Call(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+    Napi::Value Call(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+    Napi::Value Call(napi_value recv, const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+    Napi::Value Call(napi_value recv, const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+    Napi::Value Call(napi_value recv, size_t argc, const napi_value* args) const;
+
+    Napi::Value MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                             const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args,
+                             napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+    Napi::Value MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                             const std::vector<napi_value>& args,
+                             napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+    Napi::Value MakeCallback(napi_value recv,
+                             size_t argc,
+                             const napi_value* args,
+                             napi_async_context context = nullptr) const;
+
+    Object New(const std::initializer_list<napi_value>& args) const;
+    Object New(const std::vector<napi_value>& args) const;
+  };
+
+  // Shortcuts to creating a new reference with inferred type and refcount = 0.
+  template <typename T> Reference<T> Weak(T value);
+  ObjectReference Weak(Object value);
+  FunctionReference Weak(Function value);
+
+  // Shortcuts to creating a new reference with inferred type and refcount = 1.
+  template <typename T> Reference<T> Persistent(T value);
+  ObjectReference Persistent(Object value);
+  FunctionReference Persistent(Function value);
+
+  /// A persistent reference to a JavaScript error object. Use of this class
+  /// depends somewhat on whether C++ exceptions are enabled at compile time.
+  ///
+  /// ### Handling Errors With C++ Exceptions
+  ///
+  /// If C++ exceptions are enabled, then the `Error` class extends
+  /// `std::exception` and enables integrated error-handling for C++ exceptions
+  /// and JavaScript exceptions.
+  ///
+  /// If a Node-API call fails without executing any JavaScript code (for
+  /// example due to an invalid argument), then the Node-API wrapper
+  /// automatically converts and throws the error as a C++ exception of type
+  /// `Napi::Error`. Or if a JavaScript function called by C++ code via Node-API
+  /// throws a JavaScript exception, then the Node-API wrapper automatically
+  /// converts and throws it as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`.
+  ///
+  /// If a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error` escapes from a Node-API C++
+  /// callback, then the Node-API wrapper automatically converts and throws it
+  /// as a JavaScript exception. Therefore, catching a C++ exception of type
+  /// `Napi::Error` prevents a JavaScript exception from being thrown.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 1A - Throwing a C++ exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Env env = ...
+  ///     throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Example exception");
+  ///
+  /// Following C++ statements will not be executed. The exception will bubble
+  /// up as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`, until it is either caught
+  /// while still in C++, or else automatically propataged as a JavaScript
+  /// exception when the callback returns to JavaScript.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 2A - Propagating a Node-API C++ exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///
+  /// Following C++ statements will not be executed. The exception will bubble
+  /// up as a C++ exception of type `Napi::Error`, until it is either caught
+  /// while still in C++, or else automatically propagated as a JavaScript
+  /// exception when the callback returns to JavaScript.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 3A - Handling a Node-API C++ exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result;
+  ///     try {
+  ///        result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///     } catch (const Napi::Error& e) {
+  ///       cerr << "Caught JavaScript exception: " + e.what();
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Since the exception was caught here, it will not be propagated as a
+  /// JavaScript exception.
+  ///
+  /// ### Handling Errors Without C++ Exceptions
+  ///
+  /// If C++ exceptions are disabled (by defining `NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS`)
+  /// then this class does not extend `std::exception`, and APIs in the `Napi`
+  /// namespace do not throw C++ exceptions when they fail. Instead, they raise
+  /// _pending_ JavaScript exceptions and return _empty_ `Value`s. Calling code
+  /// should check `Value::IsEmpty()` before attempting to use a returned value,
+  /// and may use methods on the `Env` class to check for, get, and clear a
+  /// pending JavaScript exception. If the pending exception is not cleared, it
+  /// will be thrown when the native callback returns to JavaScript.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 1B - Throwing a JS exception
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Env env = ...
+  ///     Napi::Error::New(env, "Example
+  ///     exception").ThrowAsJavaScriptException(); return;
+  ///
+  /// After throwing a JS exception, the code should generally return
+  /// immediately from the native callback, after performing any necessary
+  /// cleanup.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 2B - Propagating a Node-API JS exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///     if (result.IsEmpty()) return;
+  ///
+  /// An empty value result from a Node-API call indicates an error occurred,
+  /// and a JavaScript exception is pending. To let the exception propagate, the
+  /// code should generally return immediately from the native callback, after
+  /// performing any necessary cleanup.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example 3B - Handling a Node-API JS exception:
+  ///
+  ///     Napi::Function jsFunctionThatThrows = someObj.As<Napi::Function>();
+  ///     Napi::Value result = jsFunctionThatThrows({ arg1, arg2 });
+  ///     if (result.IsEmpty()) {
+  ///       Napi::Error e = env.GetAndClearPendingException();
+  ///       cerr << "Caught JavaScript exception: " + e.Message();
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Since the exception was cleared here, it will not be propagated as a
+  /// JavaScript exception after the native callback returns.
+  class Error : public ObjectReference
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    , public std::exception
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+  public:
+    static Error New(napi_env env);
+    static Error New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+    static Error New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+    static NAPI_NO_RETURN void Fatal(const char* location, const char* message);
+
+    Error();
+    Error(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+
+    // An error can be moved or copied.
+    Error(Error&& other);
+    Error& operator =(Error&& other);
+    Error(const Error&);
+    Error& operator =(const Error&);
+
+    const std::string& Message() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+    void ThrowAsJavaScriptException() const;
+
+#ifdef NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+    const char* what() const NAPI_NOEXCEPT override;
+#endif // NAPI_CPP_EXCEPTIONS
+
+  protected:
+    /// !cond INTERNAL
+   using create_error_fn = napi_status (*)(napi_env envb,
+                                           napi_value code,
+                                           napi_value msg,
+                                           napi_value* result);
+
+   template <typename TError>
+   static TError New(napi_env env,
+                     const char* message,
+                     size_t length,
+                     create_error_fn create_error);
+   /// !endcond
+
+  private:
+    mutable std::string _message;
+  };
+
+  class TypeError : public Error {
+  public:
+    static TypeError New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+    static TypeError New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+    TypeError();
+    TypeError(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  };
+
+  class RangeError : public Error {
+  public:
+    static RangeError New(napi_env env, const char* message);
+    static RangeError New(napi_env env, const std::string& message);
+
+    RangeError();
+    RangeError(napi_env env, napi_value value);
+  };
+
+  class CallbackInfo {
+  public:
+    CallbackInfo(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    ~CallbackInfo();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent multiple free of _dynamicArgs
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CallbackInfo)
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+    Value NewTarget() const;
+    bool IsConstructCall() const;
+    size_t Length() const;
+    const Value operator [](size_t index) const;
+    Value This() const;
+    void* Data() const;
+    void SetData(void* data);
+
+  private:
+    const size_t _staticArgCount = 6;
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_callback_info _info;
+    napi_value _this;
+    size_t _argc;
+    napi_value* _argv;
+    napi_value _staticArgs[6];
+    napi_value* _dynamicArgs;
+    void* _data;
+  };
+
+  class PropertyDescriptor {
+  public:
+   using GetterCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+   using SetterCallback = void (*)(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+
+#ifndef NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(napi_value name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(napi_value name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(const char* utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(napi_value name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Name name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+#endif // !NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <GetterCallback Getter, SetterCallback Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Name name,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Getter, typename Setter>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Accessor(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       Name name,
+                                       Getter getter,
+                                       Setter setter,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const char* utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       const std::string& utf8name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    template <typename Callable>
+    static PropertyDescriptor Function(Napi::Env env,
+                                       Napi::Object object,
+                                       Name name,
+                                       Callable cb,
+                                       napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                       void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(const char* utf8name,
+                                    napi_value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(const std::string& utf8name,
+                                    napi_value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(napi_value name,
+                                    napi_value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor Value(Name name,
+                                    Napi::Value value,
+                                    napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+
+    PropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc);
+
+    operator napi_property_descriptor&();
+    operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_property_descriptor _desc;
+  };
+
+  /// Property descriptor for use with `ObjectWrap::DefineClass()`.
+  ///
+  /// This is different from the standalone `PropertyDescriptor` because it is specific to each
+  /// `ObjectWrap<T>` subclass. This prevents using descriptors from a different class when
+  /// defining a new class (preventing the callbacks from having incorrect `this` pointers).
+  template <typename T>
+  class ClassPropertyDescriptor {
+  public:
+    ClassPropertyDescriptor(napi_property_descriptor desc) : _desc(desc) {}
+
+    operator napi_property_descriptor&() { return _desc; }
+    operator const napi_property_descriptor&() const { return _desc; }
+
+  private:
+    napi_property_descriptor _desc;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T, typename TCallback>
+  struct MethodCallbackData {
+    TCallback callback;
+    void* data;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T, typename TGetterCallback, typename TSetterCallback>
+  struct AccessorCallbackData {
+    TGetterCallback getterCallback;
+    TSetterCallback setterCallback;
+    void* data;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class InstanceWrap {
+   public:
+    using InstanceVoidMethodCallback = void (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using InstanceMethodCallback = Napi::Value (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using InstanceGetterCallback = Napi::Value (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using InstanceSetterCallback = void (T::*)(const CallbackInfo& info,
+                                               const Napi::Value& value);
+
+    using PropertyDescriptor = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             InstanceMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             InstanceVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             InstanceMethodCallback method,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceMethod(Symbol name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                               InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+                                               InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                               InstanceGetterCallback getter,
+                                               InstanceSetterCallback setter,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceGetterCallback getter, InstanceSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    template <InstanceGetterCallback getter, InstanceSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                               napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                               void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceValue(const char* utf8name,
+                                            Napi::Value value,
+                                            napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor InstanceValue(Symbol name,
+                                            Napi::Value value,
+                                            napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+
+   protected:
+    static void AttachPropData(napi_env env, napi_value value, const napi_property_descriptor* prop);
+
+   private:
+    using This = InstanceWrap<T>;
+
+    using InstanceVoidMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, InstanceVoidMethodCallback>;
+    using InstanceMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, InstanceMethodCallback>;
+    using InstanceAccessorCallbackData =
+        AccessorCallbackData<T, InstanceGetterCallback, InstanceSetterCallback>;
+
+    static napi_value InstanceVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value InstanceMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value InstanceGetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value InstanceSetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+
+    template <InstanceSetterCallback method>
+    static napi_value WrappedMethod(napi_env env,
+                                    napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    template <InstanceSetterCallback setter> struct SetterTag {};
+
+    template <InstanceSetterCallback setter>
+    static napi_callback WrapSetter(SetterTag<setter>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return &This::WrappedMethod<setter>;
+    }
+    static napi_callback WrapSetter(SetterTag<nullptr>) NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /// Base class to be extended by C++ classes exposed to JavaScript; each C++ class instance gets
+  /// "wrapped" by a JavaScript object that is managed by this class.
+  ///
+  /// At initialization time, the `DefineClass()` method must be used to
+  /// hook up the accessor and method callbacks. It takes a list of
+  /// property descriptors, which can be constructed via the various
+  /// static methods on the base class.
+  ///
+  /// #### Example:
+  ///
+  ///     class Example: public Napi::ObjectWrap<Example> {
+  ///       public:
+  ///         static void Initialize(Napi::Env& env, Napi::Object& target) {
+  ///           Napi::Function constructor = DefineClass(env, "Example", {
+  ///             InstanceAccessor<&Example::GetSomething, &Example::SetSomething>("value"),
+  ///             InstanceMethod<&Example::DoSomething>("doSomething"),
+  ///           });
+  ///           target.Set("Example", constructor);
+  ///         }
+  ///
+  ///         Example(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info); // Constructor
+  ///         Napi::Value GetSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+  ///         void SetSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value);
+  ///         Napi::Value DoSomething(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+  ///     }
+  template <typename T>
+  class ObjectWrap : public InstanceWrap<T>, public Reference<Object> {
+  public:
+    ObjectWrap(const CallbackInfo& callbackInfo);
+    virtual ~ObjectWrap();
+
+    static T* Unwrap(Object wrapper);
+
+    // Methods exposed to JavaScript must conform to one of these callback signatures.
+    using StaticVoidMethodCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using StaticMethodCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using StaticGetterCallback = Napi::Value (*)(const CallbackInfo& info);
+    using StaticSetterCallback = void (*)(const CallbackInfo& info,
+                                          const Napi::Value& value);
+
+    using PropertyDescriptor = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+
+    static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* utf8name,
+                                const std::initializer_list<PropertyDescriptor>& properties,
+                                void* data = nullptr);
+    static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* utf8name,
+                                const std::vector<PropertyDescriptor>& properties,
+                                void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           StaticMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           StaticVoidMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           StaticMethodCallback method,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticVoidMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(const char* utf8name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticMethodCallback method>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticMethod(Symbol name,
+                                           napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                           void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                             StaticGetterCallback getter,
+                                             StaticSetterCallback setter,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                             StaticGetterCallback getter,
+                                             StaticSetterCallback setter,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticGetterCallback getter, StaticSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(const char* utf8name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    template <StaticGetterCallback getter, StaticSetterCallback setter=nullptr>
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticAccessor(Symbol name,
+                                             napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default,
+                                             void* data = nullptr);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticValue(const char* utf8name,
+                                          Napi::Value value,
+                                          napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    static PropertyDescriptor StaticValue(Symbol name,
+                                          Napi::Value value,
+                                          napi_property_attributes attributes = napi_default);
+    virtual void Finalize(Napi::Env env);
+
+  private:
+    using This = ObjectWrap<T>;
+
+    static napi_value ConstructorCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticVoidMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticMethodCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticGetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static napi_value StaticSetterCallbackWrapper(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info);
+    static void FinalizeCallback(napi_env env, void* data, void* hint);
+    static Function DefineClass(Napi::Env env,
+                                const char* utf8name,
+                                const size_t props_count,
+                                const napi_property_descriptor* props,
+                                void* data = nullptr);
+
+    using StaticVoidMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, StaticVoidMethodCallback>;
+    using StaticMethodCallbackData =
+        MethodCallbackData<T, StaticMethodCallback>;
+
+    using StaticAccessorCallbackData =
+        AccessorCallbackData<T, StaticGetterCallback, StaticSetterCallback>;
+
+    template <StaticSetterCallback method>
+    static napi_value WrappedMethod(napi_env env,
+                                    napi_callback_info info) NAPI_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    template <StaticSetterCallback setter> struct StaticSetterTag {};
+
+    template <StaticSetterCallback setter>
+    static napi_callback WrapStaticSetter(StaticSetterTag<setter>)
+        NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return &This::WrappedMethod<setter>;
+    }
+    static napi_callback WrapStaticSetter(StaticSetterTag<nullptr>)
+        NAPI_NOEXCEPT {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool _construction_failed = true;
+  };
+
+  class HandleScope {
+  public:
+    HandleScope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope scope);
+    explicit HandleScope(Napi::Env env);
+    ~HandleScope();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_handle_scope
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(HandleScope)
+
+    operator napi_handle_scope() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_handle_scope _scope;
+  };
+
+  class EscapableHandleScope {
+  public:
+    EscapableHandleScope(napi_env env, napi_escapable_handle_scope scope);
+    explicit EscapableHandleScope(Napi::Env env);
+    ~EscapableHandleScope();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_escapable_handle_scope
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(EscapableHandleScope)
+
+    operator napi_escapable_handle_scope() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+    Value Escape(napi_value escapee);
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_escapable_handle_scope _scope;
+  };
+
+#if (NAPI_VERSION > 2)
+  class CallbackScope {
+  public:
+    CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_callback_scope scope);
+    CallbackScope(napi_env env, napi_async_context context);
+    virtual ~CallbackScope();
+
+    // Disallow copying to prevent double close of napi_callback_scope
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(CallbackScope)
+
+    operator napi_callback_scope() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_callback_scope _scope;
+  };
+#endif
+
+  class AsyncContext {
+  public:
+    explicit AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncContext(napi_env env, const char* resource_name, const Object& resource);
+    virtual ~AsyncContext();
+
+    AsyncContext(AsyncContext&& other);
+    AsyncContext& operator =(AsyncContext&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(AsyncContext)
+
+    operator napi_async_context() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+  private:
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_async_context _context;
+  };
+
+  class AsyncWorker {
+  public:
+    virtual ~AsyncWorker();
+
+    // An async worker can be moved but cannot be copied.
+    AsyncWorker(AsyncWorker&& other);
+    AsyncWorker& operator =(AsyncWorker&& other);
+    NAPI_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_COPY(AsyncWorker)
+
+    operator napi_async_work() const;
+
+    Napi::Env Env() const;
+
+    void Queue();
+    void Cancel();
+    void SuppressDestruct();
+
+    ObjectReference& Receiver();
+    FunctionReference& Callback();
+
+    virtual void OnExecute(Napi::Env env);
+    virtual void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env,
+                                napi_status status);
+
+  protected:
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name,
+                         const Object& resource);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                         const Function& callback);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                         const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                         const Function& callback,
+                         const char* resource_name,
+                         const Object& resource);
+
+    explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                         const char* resource_name);
+    explicit AsyncWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                         const char* resource_name,
+                         const Object& resource);
+
+    virtual void Execute() = 0;
+    virtual void OnOK();
+    virtual void OnError(const Error& e);
+    virtual void Destroy();
+    virtual std::vector<napi_value> GetResult(Napi::Env env);
+
+    void SetError(const std::string& error);
+
+  private:
+    static inline void OnAsyncWorkExecute(napi_env env, void* asyncworker);
+    static inline void OnAsyncWorkComplete(napi_env env,
+                                           napi_status status,
+                                           void* asyncworker);
+
+    napi_env _env;
+    napi_async_work _work;
+    ObjectReference _receiver;
+    FunctionReference _callback;
+    std::string _error;
+    bool _suppress_destruct;
+  };
+
+  #if (NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__))
+  class ThreadSafeFunction {
+  public:
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+              typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType, typename Finalizer>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+              typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data);
+
+    ThreadSafeFunction();
+    ThreadSafeFunction(napi_threadsafe_function tsFunctionValue);
+
+    operator napi_threadsafe_function() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status BlockingCall() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename Callback>
+    napi_status BlockingCall(Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+    napi_status BlockingCall(DataType* data, Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename Callback>
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall(Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    template <typename DataType, typename Callback>
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data, Callback callback) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Ref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Unref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Acquire() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Release();
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Abort();
+
+    struct ConvertibleContext
+    {
+      template <class T>
+      operator T*() { return static_cast<T*>(context); }
+      void* context;
+    };
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    ConvertibleContext GetContext() const;
+
+  private:
+    using CallbackWrapper = std::function<void(Napi::Env, Napi::Function)>;
+
+    template <typename ResourceString, typename ContextType,
+              typename Finalizer, typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static ThreadSafeFunction New(napi_env env,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const Object& resource,
+                                  ResourceString resourceName,
+                                  size_t maxQueueSize,
+                                  size_t initialThreadCount,
+                                  ContextType* context,
+                                  Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+                                  FinalizerDataType* data,
+                                  napi_finalize wrapper);
+
+    napi_status CallInternal(CallbackWrapper* callbackWrapper,
+                        napi_threadsafe_function_call_mode mode) const;
+
+    static void CallJS(napi_env env,
+                       napi_value jsCallback,
+                       void* context,
+                       void* data);
+
+    napi_threadsafe_function _tsfn;
+  };
+
+  // A TypedThreadSafeFunction by default has no context (nullptr) and can
+  // accept any type (void) to its CallJs.
+  template <typename ContextType = std::nullptr_t,
+            typename DataType = void,
+            void (*CallJs)(Napi::Env, Napi::Function, ContextType*, DataType*) =
+                nullptr>
+  class TypedThreadSafeFunction {
+   public:
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Helper function that returns nullptr if running Node-API 5+, otherwise a
+    // non-empty, no-op Function. This provides the ability to specify at
+    // compile-time a callback parameter to `New` that safely does no action
+    // when targeting _any_ Node-API version.
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+    static std::nullptr_t EmptyFunctionFactory(Napi::Env env);
+#else
+    static Napi::Function EmptyFunctionFactory(Napi::Env env);
+#endif
+    static Napi::Function FunctionOrEmpty(Napi::Env env,
+                                          Napi::Function& callback);
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [missing] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+#endif
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [missing]
+    template <typename ResourceString>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [missing] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType = void>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    // Creates a new threadsafe function with:
+    //   Callback [passed] Resource [passed] Finalizer [passed]
+    template <typename CallbackType,
+              typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        CallbackType callback,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data = nullptr);
+
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>();
+    TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs>(
+        napi_threadsafe_function tsFunctionValue);
+
+    operator napi_threadsafe_function() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status BlockingCall(DataType* data = nullptr) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data = nullptr) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Ref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may only be called from the main thread.
+    void Unref(napi_env env) const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Acquire() const;
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Release();
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    napi_status Abort();
+
+    // This API may be called from any thread.
+    ContextType* GetContext() const;
+
+   private:
+    template <typename ResourceString,
+              typename Finalizer,
+              typename FinalizerDataType>
+    static TypedThreadSafeFunction<ContextType, DataType, CallJs> New(
+        napi_env env,
+        const Function& callback,
+        const Object& resource,
+        ResourceString resourceName,
+        size_t maxQueueSize,
+        size_t initialThreadCount,
+        ContextType* context,
+        Finalizer finalizeCallback,
+        FinalizerDataType* data,
+        napi_finalize wrapper);
+
+    static void CallJsInternal(napi_env env,
+                               napi_value jsCallback,
+                               void* context,
+                               void* data);
+
+   protected:
+    napi_threadsafe_function _tsfn;
+  };
+  template <typename DataType>
+  class AsyncProgressWorkerBase : public AsyncWorker {
+    public:
+     virtual void OnWorkProgress(DataType* data) = 0;
+     class ThreadSafeData {
+       public:
+        ThreadSafeData(AsyncProgressWorkerBase* asyncprogressworker, DataType* data)
+          : _asyncprogressworker(asyncprogressworker), _data(data) {}
+
+        AsyncProgressWorkerBase* asyncprogressworker() { return _asyncprogressworker; };
+        DataType* data() { return _data; };
+
+       private:
+        AsyncProgressWorkerBase* _asyncprogressworker;
+        DataType* _data;
+     };
+     void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) override;
+    protected:
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorkerBase(const Object& receiver,
+                                      const Function& callback,
+                                      const char* resource_name,
+                                      const Object& resource,
+                                      size_t queue_size = 1);
+    virtual ~AsyncProgressWorkerBase();
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after NAPI_VERSION 4.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorkerBase(Napi::Env env,
+                                      const char* resource_name,
+                                      const Object& resource,
+                                      size_t queue_size = 1);
+#endif
+
+     static inline void OnAsyncWorkProgress(Napi::Env env,
+                                            Napi::Function jsCallback,
+                                            void* data);
+
+     napi_status NonBlockingCall(DataType* data);
+
+    private:
+     ThreadSafeFunction _tsfn;
+     bool _work_completed = false;
+     napi_status _complete_status;
+     static inline void OnThreadSafeFunctionFinalize(Napi::Env env, void* data, AsyncProgressWorkerBase* context);
+  };
+
+  template<class T>
+  class AsyncProgressWorker : public AsyncProgressWorkerBase<void> {
+    public:
+     virtual ~AsyncProgressWorker();
+
+     class ExecutionProgress {
+        friend class AsyncProgressWorker;
+       public:
+        void Signal() const;
+        void Send(const T* data, size_t count) const;
+       private:
+        explicit ExecutionProgress(AsyncProgressWorker* worker) : _worker(worker) {}
+        AsyncProgressWorker* const _worker;
+     };
+
+     void OnWorkProgress(void*) override;
+
+    protected:
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                  const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                  const Function& callback,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource);
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after NAPI_VERSION 4.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                  const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                  const char* resource_name,
+                                  const Object& resource);
+#endif
+     virtual void Execute(const ExecutionProgress& progress) = 0;
+     virtual void OnProgress(const T* data, size_t count) = 0;
+
+    private:
+     void Execute() override;
+     void Signal() const;
+     void SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count);
+
+     std::mutex _mutex;
+     T* _asyncdata;
+     size_t _asyncsize;
+  };
+
+  template<class T>
+  class AsyncProgressQueueWorker : public AsyncProgressWorkerBase<std::pair<T*, size_t>> {
+    public:
+     virtual ~AsyncProgressQueueWorker() {};
+
+     class ExecutionProgress {
+        friend class AsyncProgressQueueWorker;
+       public:
+        void Signal() const;
+        void Send(const T* data, size_t count) const;
+       private:
+        explicit ExecutionProgress(AsyncProgressQueueWorker* worker) : _worker(worker) {}
+        AsyncProgressQueueWorker* const _worker;
+     };
+
+     void OnWorkComplete(Napi::Env env, napi_status status) override;
+     void OnWorkProgress(std::pair<T*, size_t>*) override;
+
+    protected:
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name,
+                                       const Object& resource);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                       const Function& callback);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                       const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(const Object& receiver,
+                                       const Function& callback,
+                                       const char* resource_name,
+                                       const Object& resource);
+
+// Optional callback of Napi::ThreadSafeFunction only available after NAPI_VERSION 4.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27791
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 4
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                       const char* resource_name);
+     explicit AsyncProgressQueueWorker(Napi::Env env,
+                                       const char* resource_name,
+                                       const Object& resource);
+#endif
+     virtual void Execute(const ExecutionProgress& progress) = 0;
+     virtual void OnProgress(const T* data, size_t count) = 0;
+
+    private:
+     void Execute() override;
+     void Signal() const;
+     void SendProgress_(const T* data, size_t count);
+  };
+  #endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 3 && !defined(__wasm32__)
+
+  // Memory management.
+  class MemoryManagement {
+    public:
+      static int64_t AdjustExternalMemory(Env env, int64_t change_in_bytes);
+  };
+
+  // Version management
+  class VersionManagement {
+    public:
+      static uint32_t GetNapiVersion(Env env);
+      static const napi_node_version* GetNodeVersion(Env env);
+  };
+
+#if NAPI_VERSION > 5
+  template <typename T>
+  class Addon : public InstanceWrap<T> {
+   public:
+    static inline Object Init(Env env, Object exports);
+    static T* Unwrap(Object wrapper);
+
+   protected:
+    using AddonProp = ClassPropertyDescriptor<T>;
+    void DefineAddon(Object exports,
+                     const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props);
+    Napi::Object DefineProperties(Object object,
+                                 const std::initializer_list<AddonProp>& props);
+
+   private:
+    Object entry_point_;
+  };
+#endif  // NAPI_VERSION > 5
+
+} // namespace Napi
+
+// Inline implementations of all the above class methods are included here.
+#include "napi-inl.h"
+
+#endif // SRC_NAPI_H_
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/node_api.gyp b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/node_api.gyp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ff0ae7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/node_api.gyp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  'targets': [
+    {
+      'target_name': 'nothing',
+      'type': 'static_library',
+      'sources': [ 'nothing.c' ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/noexcept.gypi b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/noexcept.gypi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..179f21f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/noexcept.gypi
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  'defines': [ 'NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS' ],
+  'cflags': [ '-fno-exceptions' ],
+  'cflags_cc': [ '-fno-exceptions' ],
+  'msvs_settings': {
+    'VCCLCompilerTool': {
+      'ExceptionHandling': 0,
+      'EnablePREfast': 'true',
+    },
+  },
+  'xcode_settings': {
+    'CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY': 'libc++',
+    'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.7',
+    'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS': 'NO',
+  },
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/nothing.c b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/nothing.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/package-support.json b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/package-support.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10d3607ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/package-support.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "versions": [
+    {
+      "version": "*",
+      "target": {
+        "node": "active"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "type": "time-permitting",
+        "paid": false,
+        "contact": {
+          "name": "node-addon-api team",
+          "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/issues"
+        }
+      },
+      "backing": [ { "project": "https://github.com/nodejs" },
+                   { "foundation": "https://openjsf.org/" }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/package.json b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e253033cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+{
+  "_from": "node-addon-api@^3.1.0",
+  "_id": "node-addon-api@3.2.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-mmcei9JghVNDYydghQmeDX8KoAm0FAiYyIcUt/N4nhyAipB17pllZQDOJD2fotxABnt4Mdz+dKTO7eftLg4d0A==",
+  "_location": "/node-addon-api",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "node-addon-api@^3.1.0",
+    "name": "node-addon-api",
+    "escapedName": "node-addon-api",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/bcrypt"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-addon-api/-/node-addon-api-3.2.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "81325e0a2117789c0128dab65e7e38f07ceba161",
+  "_spec": "node-addon-api@^3.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\bcrypt",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Abhishek Kumar Singh",
+      "url": "https://github.com/abhi11210646"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alba Mendez",
+      "url": "https://github.com/jmendeth"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "András Timár, Dr",
+      "url": "https://github.com/timarandras"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Andrew Petersen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kirbysayshi"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Anisha Rohra",
+      "url": "https://github.com/anisha-rohra"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Anna Henningsen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/addaleax"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Arnaud Botella",
+      "url": "https://github.com/BotellaA"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Arunesh Chandra",
+      "url": "https://github.com/aruneshchandra"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Azlan Mukhtar",
+      "url": "https://github.com/azlan"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ben Berman",
+      "url": "https://github.com/rivertam"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Benjamin Byholm",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kkoopa"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Bill Gallafent",
+      "url": "https://github.com/gallafent"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "blagoev",
+      "url": "https://github.com/blagoev"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Bruce A. MacNaughton",
+      "url": "https://github.com/bmacnaughton"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Cory Mickelson",
+      "url": "https://github.com/corymickelson"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Daniel Bevenius",
+      "url": "https://github.com/danbev"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Darshan Sen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/RaisinTen"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "David Halls",
+      "url": "https://github.com/davedoesdev"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Dmitry Ashkadov",
+      "url": "https://github.com/dmitryash"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Dongjin Na",
+      "url": "https://github.com/nadongguri"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ferdinand Holzer",
+      "url": "https://github.com/fholzer"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Eric Bickle",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ebickle"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Gabriel Schulhof",
+      "url": "https://github.com/gabrielschulhof"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Guenter Sandner",
+      "url": "https://github.com/gms1"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Gus Caplan",
+      "url": "https://github.com/devsnek"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Helio Frota",
+      "url": "https://github.com/helio-frota"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hitesh Kanwathirtha",
+      "url": "https://github.com/digitalinfinity"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ikokostya",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ikokostya"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jack Xia",
+      "url": "https://github.com/JckXia"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jake Barnes",
+      "url": "https://github.com/DuBistKomisch"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jake Yoon",
+      "url": "https://github.com/yjaeseok"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jason Ginchereau",
+      "url": "https://github.com/jasongin"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jeroen Janssen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/japj"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jim Schlight",
+      "url": "https://github.com/jschlight"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jinho Bang",
+      "url": "https://github.com/romandev"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "José Expósito",
+      "url": "https://github.com/JoseExposito"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "joshgarde",
+      "url": "https://github.com/joshgarde"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kasumi Hanazuki",
+      "url": "https://github.com/hanazuki"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kelvin",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kelvinhammond"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kevin Eady",
+      "url": "https://github.com/KevinEady"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kévin VOYER",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kecsou"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "kidneysolo",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kidneysolo"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Koki Nishihara",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Nishikoh"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Konstantin Tarkus",
+      "url": "https://github.com/koistya"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Kyle Farnung",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kfarnung"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "legendecas",
+      "url": "https://github.com/legendecas"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "LongYinan",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Brooooooklyn"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Lovell Fuller",
+      "url": "https://github.com/lovell"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Luciano Martorella",
+      "url": "https://github.com/lmartorella"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mastergberry",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mastergberry"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mathias Küsel",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mathiask88"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Matteo Collina",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mcollina"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Michael Dawson",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mhdawson"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Michael Price",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mikepricedev"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Michele Campus",
+      "url": "https://github.com/kYroL01"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Mikhail Cheshkov",
+      "url": "https://github.com/mcheshkov"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "nempoBu4",
+      "url": "https://github.com/nempoBu4"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nicola Del Gobbo",
+      "url": "https://github.com/NickNaso"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nick Soggin",
+      "url": "https://github.com/iSkore"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nikolai Vavilov",
+      "url": "https://github.com/seishun"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nurbol Alpysbayev",
+      "url": "https://github.com/anurbol"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "pacop",
+      "url": "https://github.com/pacop"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Philipp Renoth",
+      "url": "https://github.com/DaAitch"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Rolf Timmermans",
+      "url": "https://github.com/rolftimmermans"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ross Weir",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ross-weir"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ryuichi Okumura",
+      "url": "https://github.com/okuryu"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Sampson Gao",
+      "url": "https://github.com/sampsongao"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Sam Roberts",
+      "url": "https://github.com/sam-github"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Taylor Woll",
+      "url": "https://github.com/boingoing"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Thomas Gentilhomme",
+      "url": "https://github.com/fraxken"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Tim Rach",
+      "url": "https://github.com/timrach"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Tobias Nießen",
+      "url": "https://github.com/tniessen"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Tux3",
+      "url": "https://github.com/tux3"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Vlad Velmisov",
+      "url": "https://github.com/Velmisov"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Yohei Kishimoto",
+      "url": "https://github.com/morokosi"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Yulong Wang",
+      "url": "https://github.com/fs-eire"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ziqiu Zhao",
+      "url": "https://github.com/ZzqiZQute"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js API (Node-API)",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
+    "bindings": "^1.5.0",
+    "clang-format": "^1.4.0",
+    "fs-extra": "^9.0.1",
+    "pre-commit": "^1.2.2",
+    "safe-buffer": "^5.1.1"
+  },
+  "directories": {},
+  "files": [
+    "*.{c,h,gyp,gypi}",
+    "package-support.json",
+    "tools/"
+  ],
+  "gypfile": false,
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api",
+  "keywords": [
+    "n-api",
+    "napi",
+    "addon",
+    "native",
+    "bindings",
+    "c",
+    "c++",
+    "nan",
+    "node-addon-api"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "node-addon-api",
+  "optionalDependencies": {},
+  "pre-commit": "lint",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/nodejs/node-addon-api.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "benchmark": "node benchmark",
+    "dev": "node test",
+    "dev:incremental": "node test",
+    "doc": "doxygen doc/Doxyfile",
+    "lint": "node tools/clang-format",
+    "lint:fix": "node tools/clang-format --fix",
+    "prebenchmark": "node-gyp rebuild -C benchmark",
+    "predev": "node-gyp rebuild -C test --debug",
+    "predev:incremental": "node-gyp configure build -C test --debug",
+    "pretest": "node-gyp rebuild -C test",
+    "test": "node test"
+  },
+  "support": true,
+  "version": "3.2.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/README.md b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b80e94f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Tools
+
+## clang-format
+
+The clang-format checking tools is designed to check changed lines of code compared to given git-refs.
+
+## Migration Script
+
+The migration tool is designed to reduce repetitive work in the migration process. However, the script is not aiming to convert every thing for you. There are usually some small fixes and major reconstruction required.
+
+### How To Use
+
+To run the conversion script, first make sure you have the latest `node-addon-api` in your `node_modules` directory.
+```
+npm install node-addon-api
+```
+
+Then run the script passing your project directory
+```
+node ./node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/conversion.js ./
+```
+
+After finish, recompile and debug things that are missed by the script.
+
+
+### Quick Fixes
+Here is the list of things that can be fixed easily.
+  1. Change your methods' return value to void if it doesn't return value to JavaScript.
+  2. Use `.` to access attribute or to invoke member function in Napi::Object instead of `->`.
+  3. `Napi::New(env, value);` to `Napi::[Type]::New(env, value);
+
+
+### Major Reconstructions
+The implementation of `Napi::ObjectWrap` is significantly different from NAN's. `Napi::ObjectWrap` takes a pointer to the wrapped object and creates a reference to the wrapped object inside ObjectWrap constructor. `Napi::ObjectWrap` also associates wrapped object's instance methods to Javascript module instead of static methods like NAN.
+
+So if you use Nan::ObjectWrap in your module, you will need to execute the following steps.
+
+  1. Convert your [ClassName]::New function to a constructor function that takes a `Napi::CallbackInfo`. Declare it as
+```
+[ClassName](const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+```
+and define it as
+```
+[ClassName]::[ClassName](const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) : Napi::ObjectWrap<[ClassName]>(info){
+  ...
+}
+```
+This way, the `Napi::ObjectWrap` constructor will be invoked after the object has been instantiated and `Napi::ObjectWrap` can use the `this` pointer to create a reference to the wrapped object.
+
+  2. Move your original constructor code into the new constructor. Delete your original constructor.
+  3. In your class initialization function, associate native methods in the following way.
+```
+Napi::FunctionReference constructor;
+
+void [ClassName]::Init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports, Napi::Object module) {
+  Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
+  Napi::Function ctor = DefineClass(env, "Canvas", {
+    InstanceMethod<&[ClassName]::Func1>("Func1"),
+    InstanceMethod<&[ClassName]::Func2>("Func2"),
+    InstanceAccessor<&[ClassName]::ValueGetter>("Value"),
+    StaticMethod<&[ClassName]::StaticMethod>("MethodName"),
+    InstanceValue("Value", Napi::[Type]::New(env, value)),
+  });
+
+  constructor = Napi::Persistent(ctor);
+  constructor .SuppressDestruct();
+  exports.Set("[ClassName]", ctor);
+}
+```
+  4. In function where you need to Unwrap the ObjectWrap in NAN like `[ClassName]* native = Nan::ObjectWrap::Unwrap<[ClassName]>(info.This());`, use `this` pointer directly as the unwrapped object as each ObjectWrap instance is associated with a unique object instance.
+
+
+If you still find issues after following this guide, please leave us an issue describing your problem and we will try to resolve it.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/check-napi.js b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/check-napi.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48fdfc077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/check-napi.js
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'use strict';
+// Descend into a directory structure and, for each file matching *.node, output
+// based on the imports found in the file whether it's an N-API module or not.
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const child_process = require('child_process');
+
+// Read the output of the command, break it into lines, and use the reducer to
+// decide whether the file is an N-API module or not.
+function checkFile(file, command, argv, reducer) {
+  const child = child_process.spawn(command, argv, {
+    stdio: ['inherit', 'pipe', 'inherit']
+  });
+  let leftover = '';
+  let isNapi = undefined;
+  child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+    if (isNapi === undefined) {
+      chunk = (leftover + chunk.toString()).split(/[\r\n]+/);
+      leftover = chunk.pop();
+      isNapi = chunk.reduce(reducer, isNapi);
+      if (isNapi !== undefined) {
+        child.kill();
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  child.on('close', (code, signal) => {
+    if ((code === null && signal !== null) || (code !== 0)) {
+      console.log(
+        command + ' exited with code: '  + code + ' and signal: ' + signal);
+    } else {
+      // Green if it's a N-API module, red otherwise.
+      console.log(
+          '\x1b[' + (isNapi ? '42' : '41') + 'm' +
+          (isNapi ? '    N-API' : 'Not N-API') +
+          '\x1b[0m: ' + file);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// Use nm -a to list symbols.
+function checkFileUNIX(file) {
+  checkFile(file, 'nm', ['-a', file], (soFar, line) => {
+    if (soFar === undefined) {
+      line = line.match(/([0-9a-f]*)? ([a-zA-Z]) (.*$)/);
+      if (line[2] === 'U') {
+        if (/^napi/.test(line[3])) {
+          soFar = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return soFar;
+  });
+}
+
+// Use dumpbin /imports to list symbols.
+function checkFileWin32(file) {
+  checkFile(file, 'dumpbin', ['/imports', file], (soFar, line) => {
+    if (soFar === undefined) {
+      line = line.match(/([0-9a-f]*)? +([a-zA-Z0-9]) (.*$)/);
+      if (line && /^napi/.test(line[line.length - 1])) {
+        soFar = true;
+      }
+    }
+    return soFar;
+  });
+}
+
+// Descend into a directory structure and pass each file ending in '.node' to
+// one of the above checks, depending on the OS.
+function recurse(top) {
+  fs.readdir(top, (error, items) => {
+    if (error) {
+      throw ("error reading directory " + top + ": " + error);
+    }
+    items.forEach((item) => {
+      item = path.join(top, item);
+      fs.stat(item, ((item) => (error, stats) => {
+        if (error) {
+          throw ("error about " + item + ": " + error);
+        }
+        if (stats.isDirectory()) {
+          recurse(item);
+        } else if (/[.]node$/.test(item) &&
+            // Explicitly ignore files called 'nothing.node' because they are
+            // artefacts of node-addon-api having identified a version of
+            // Node.js that ships with a correct implementation of N-API.
+            path.basename(item) !== 'nothing.node') {
+          process.platform === 'win32' ?
+              checkFileWin32(item) :
+              checkFileUNIX(item);
+        }
+      })(item));
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+// Start with the directory given on the command line or the current directory
+// if nothing was given.
+recurse(process.argv.length > 3 ? process.argv[2] : '.');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/clang-format.js b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/clang-format.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e97098336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/clang-format.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+const spawn = require('child_process').spawnSync;
+const path = require('path');
+
+const filesToCheck = ['*.h', '*.cc'];
+const CLANG_FORMAT_START = process.env.CLANG_FORMAT_START || 'main';
+
+function main(args) {
+  let fix = false;
+  while (args.length > 0) {
+    switch (args[0]) {
+      case '-f':
+      case '--fix':
+        fix = true;
+      default:
+    }
+    args.shift();
+  }
+
+  let clangFormatPath = path.dirname(require.resolve('clang-format'));
+  const options = ['--binary=node_modules/.bin/clang-format', '--style=file'];
+  if (fix) {
+    options.push(CLANG_FORMAT_START);
+  } else {
+    options.push('--diff', CLANG_FORMAT_START);
+  }
+
+  const gitClangFormatPath = path.join(clangFormatPath,
+    'bin/git-clang-format');
+  const result = spawn('python', [
+    gitClangFormatPath,
+    ...options,
+    '--',
+    ...filesToCheck
+  ], { encoding: 'utf-8' });
+
+  if (result.stderr) {
+    console.error('Error running git-clang-format:', result.stderr);
+    return 2;
+  }
+
+  const clangFormatOutput = result.stdout.trim();
+  // Bail fast if in fix mode.
+  if (fix) {
+    console.log(clangFormatOutput);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Detect if there is any complains from clang-format
+  if (clangFormatOutput !== '' &&
+      clangFormatOutput !== ('no modified files to format') &&
+      clangFormatOutput !== ('clang-format did not modify any files')) {
+    console.error(clangFormatOutput);
+    const fixCmd = 'npm run lint:fix';
+    console.error(`
+      ERROR: please run "${fixCmd}" to format changes in your commit
+        Note that when running the command locally, please keep your local
+        main branch and working branch up to date with nodejs/node-addon-api
+        to exclude un-related complains.
+        Or you can run "env CLANG_FORMAT_START=upstream/main ${fixCmd}".`);
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+if (require.main === module) {
+  process.exitCode = main(process.argv.slice(2));
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/conversion.js b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/conversion.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5aef2c3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-addon-api/tools/conversion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env node
+
+'use strict'
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const dir = args[0];
+if (!dir) {
+  console.log('Usage: node ' + path.basename(__filename) + ' <target-dir>');
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const NodeApiVersion = require('../package.json').version;
+
+const disable = args[1];
+if (disable != "--disable" && dir != "--disable") {
+  var ConfigFileOperations = {
+    'package.json': [
+       [ /([ ]*)"dependencies": {/g, '$1"dependencies": {\n$1  "node-addon-api": "' + NodeApiVersion + '",'],
+       [ /[ ]*"nan": *"[^"]+"(,|)[\n\r]/g, '' ]
+    ],
+    'binding.gyp': [
+       [ /([ ]*)'include_dirs': \[/g, '$1\'include_dirs\': [\n$1  \'<!(node -p "require(\\\'node-addon-api\\\').include_dir")\',' ],
+       [ /([ ]*)"include_dirs": \[/g, '$1"include_dirs": [\n$1  "<!(node -p \\"require(\'node-addon-api\').include_dir\\")",' ],
+       [ /[ ]*("|')<!\(node -e ("|'|\\"|\\')require\(("|'|\\"|\\')nan("|'|\\"|\\')\)("|'|\\"|\\')\)("|')(,|)[\r\n]/g, '' ],
+       [ /([ ]*)("|')target_name("|'): ("|')(.+?)("|'),/g, '$1$2target_name$2: $4$5$6,\n      $2cflags!$2: [ $2-fno-exceptions$2 ],\n      $2cflags_cc!$2: [ $2-fno-exceptions$2 ],\n      $2xcode_settings$2: { $2GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS$2: $2YES$2,\n        $2CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY$2: $2libc++$2,\n        $2MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET$2: $210.7$2,\n      },\n      $2msvs_settings$2: {\n        $2VCCLCompilerTool$2: { $2ExceptionHandling$2: 1 },\n      },' ],
+    ]
+  };
+} else {
+  var ConfigFileOperations = {
+    'package.json': [
+      [ /([ ]*)"dependencies": {/g, '$1"dependencies": {\n$1  "node-addon-api": "' + NodeApiVersion + '",'],
+      [ /[ ]*"nan": *"[^"]+"(,|)[\n\r]/g, '' ]
+    ],
+    'binding.gyp': [
+      [ /([ ]*)'include_dirs': \[/g, '$1\'include_dirs\': [\n$1  \'<!(node -p "require(\\\'node-addon-api\\\').include_dir")\',' ],
+      [ /([ ]*)"include_dirs": \[/g, '$1"include_dirs": [\n$1  "<!(node -p \'require(\\\"node-addon-api\\\").include_dir\')",' ],
+      [ /[ ]*("|')<!\(node -e ("|'|\\"|\\')require\(("|'|\\"|\\')nan("|'|\\"|\\')\)("|'|\\"|\\')\)("|')(,|)[\r\n]/g, '' ],
+      [ /([ ]*)("|')target_name("|'): ("|')(.+?)("|'),/g, '$1$2target_name$2: $4$5$6,\n      $2cflags!$2: [ $2-fno-exceptions$2 ],\n      $2cflags_cc!$2: [ $2-fno-exceptions$2 ],\n      $2defines$2: [ $2NAPI_DISABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS$2 ],\n      $2conditions$2: [\n        [\'OS==\"win\"\', { $2defines$2: [ $2_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=1$2 ] }]\n      ]' ],
+    ]
+  };
+}
+
+var SourceFileOperations = [
+  [ /Nan::SetMethod\(target,[\s]*\"(.*)\"[\s]*,[\s]*([^)]+)\)/g, 'exports.Set(Napi::String::New(env, \"$1\"), Napi::Function::New(env, $2))' ],
+
+  [ /v8::Local<v8::FunctionTemplate>\s+(\w+)\s*=\s*Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>\([\w\d:]+\);(?:\w+->Reset\(\1\))?\s+\1->SetClassName\(Nan::String::New\("(\w+)"\)\);/g, 'Napi::Function $1 = DefineClass(env, "$2", {' ],
+  [ /Local<FunctionTemplate>\s+(\w+)\s*=\s*Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>\([\w\d:]+\);\s+(\w+)\.Reset\((\1)\);\s+\1->SetClassName\((Nan::String::New|Nan::New<(v8::)*String>)\("(.+?)"\)\);/g, 'Napi::Function $1 = DefineClass(env, "$6", {'],
+  [ /Local<FunctionTemplate>\s+(\w+)\s*=\s*Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>\([\w\d:]+\);(?:\w+->Reset\(\1\))?\s+\1->SetClassName\(Nan::String::New\("(\w+)"\)\);/g, 'Napi::Function $1 = DefineClass(env, "$2", {' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>\(([\w\d:]+)\)->GetFunction\(\)/g, 'Napi::Function::New(env, $1)' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>\(([\w\d:]+)\)->GetFunction()/g, 'Napi::Function::New(env, $1);' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>\(([\w\d:]+)\)/g, 'Napi::Function::New(env, $1)' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>\(([\w\d:]+)\)/g, 'Napi::Function::New(env, $1)' ],
+
+  // FunctionTemplate to FunctionReference
+  [ /Nan::Persistent<(v8::)*FunctionTemplate>/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+  [ /Nan::Persistent<(v8::)*Function>/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+  [ /v8::Local<v8::FunctionTemplate>/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+  [ /Local<FunctionTemplate>/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+  [ /v8::FunctionTemplate/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+  [ /FunctionTemplate/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+
+
+  [ /([ ]*)Nan::SetPrototypeMethod\(\w+, "(\w+)", (\w+)\);/g, '$1InstanceMethod("$2", &$3),' ],
+  [ /([ ]*)(?:\w+\.Reset\(\w+\);\s+)?\(target\)\.Set\("(\w+)",\s*Nan::GetFunction\((\w+)\)\);/gm,
+    '});\n\n' +
+    '$1constructor = Napi::Persistent($3);\n' +
+    '$1constructor.SuppressDestruct();\n' +
+    '$1target.Set("$2", $3);' ],
+
+
+  // TODO: Other attribute combinations
+  [ /static_cast<PropertyAttribute>\(ReadOnly\s*\|\s*DontDelete\)/gm,
+    'static_cast<napi_property_attributes>(napi_enumerable | napi_configurable)' ],
+
+  [ /([\w\d:<>]+?)::Cast\((.+?)\)/g, '$2.As<$1>()' ],
+
+  [ /\*Nan::Utf8String\(([^)]+)\)/g, '$1->As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str()' ],
+  [ /Nan::Utf8String +(\w+)\(([^)]+)\)/g, 'std::string $1 = $2.As<Napi::String>()' ],
+  [ /Nan::Utf8String/g, 'std::string' ],
+
+  [ /v8::String::Utf8Value (.+?)\((.+?)\)/g, 'Napi::String $1(env, $2)' ],
+  [ /String::Utf8Value (.+?)\((.+?)\)/g, 'Napi::String $1(env, $2)' ],
+  [ /\.length\(\)/g, '.Length()' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::MakeCallback\(([^,]+),[\s\\]+([^,]+),/gm, '$2.MakeCallback($1,' ],
+
+  [ /class\s+(\w+)\s*:\s*public\s+Nan::ObjectWrap/g, 'class $1 : public Napi::ObjectWrap<$1>' ],
+  [ /(\w+)\(([^\)]*)\)\s*:\s*Nan::ObjectWrap\(\)\s*(,)?/gm, '$1($2) : Napi::ObjectWrap<$1>()$3' ],
+
+  // HandleOKCallback to OnOK
+  [ /HandleOKCallback/g, 'OnOK' ],
+  // HandleErrorCallback to OnError
+  [ /HandleErrorCallback/g, 'OnError' ],
+
+  // ex. .As<Function>() to .As<Napi::Object>()
+  [ /\.As<v8::(Value|Boolean|String|Number|Object|Array|Symbol|External|Function)>\(\)/g, '.As<Napi::$1>()' ],
+  [ /\.As<(Value|Boolean|String|Number|Object|Array|Symbol|External|Function)>\(\)/g, '.As<Napi::$1>()' ],
+
+  // ex. Nan::New<Number>(info[0]) to Napi::Number::New(info[0])
+  [ /Nan::New<(v8::)*Integer>\((.+?)\)/g, 'Napi::Number::New(env, $2)' ],
+  [ /Nan::New\(([0-9\.]+)\)/g, 'Napi::Number::New(env, $1)' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<(v8::)*String>\("(.+?)"\)/g, 'Napi::String::New(env, "$2")' ],
+  [ /Nan::New\("(.+?)"\)/g, 'Napi::String::New(env, "$1")' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<(v8::)*(.+?)>\(\)/g, 'Napi::$2::New(env)' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<(.+?)>\(\)/g, 'Napi::$1::New(env)' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<(v8::)*(.+?)>\(/g, 'Napi::$2::New(env, ' ],
+  [ /Nan::New<(.+?)>\(/g, 'Napi::$1::New(env, ' ],
+  [ /Nan::NewBuffer\(/g, 'Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, ' ],
+  // TODO: Properly handle this
+  [ /Nan::New\(/g, 'Napi::New(env, ' ],
+
+  [ /\.IsInt32\(\)/g, '.IsNumber()' ],
+  [ /->IsInt32\(\)/g, '.IsNumber()' ],
+
+
+  [ /(.+?)->BooleanValue\(\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Boolean>().Value()' ],
+  [ /(.+?)->Int32Value\(\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value()' ],
+  [ /(.+?)->Uint32Value\(\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value()' ],
+  [ /(.+?)->IntegerValue\(\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Int64Value()' ],
+  [ /(.+?)->NumberValue\(\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue()' ],
+
+  // ex. Nan::To<bool>(info[0]) to info[0].Value()
+  [ /Nan::To<v8::(Boolean|String|Number|Object|Array|Symbol|Function)>\((.+?)\)/g, '$2.To<Napi::$1>()' ],
+  [ /Nan::To<(Boolean|String|Number|Object|Array|Symbol|Function)>\((.+?)\)/g, '$2.To<Napi::$1>()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<bool>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Boolean>().Value()
+  [ /Nan::To<bool>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Boolean>().Value()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<int>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value()
+  [ /Nan::To<int>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<int32_t>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value()
+  [ /Nan::To<int32_t>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value()
+  [ /Nan::To<uint32_t>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<int64_t>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int64Value()
+  [ /Nan::To<int64_t>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().Int64Value()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<float>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue()
+  [ /Nan::To<float>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().FloatValue()' ],
+  // ex. Nan::To<double>(info[0]) to info[0].As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue()
+  [ /Nan::To<double>\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue()' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::New\((\w+)\)->HasInstance\((\w+)\)/g, '$2.InstanceOf($1.Value())' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::Has\(([^,]+),\s*/gm, '($1).Has(' ],
+  [ /\.Has\([\s|\\]*Nan::New<(v8::)*String>\(([^)]+)\)\)/gm, '.Has($1)' ],
+  [ /\.Has\([\s|\\]*Nan::New\(([^)]+)\)\)/gm, '.Has($1)' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::Get\(([^,]+),\s*/gm, '($1).Get(' ],
+  [ /\.Get\([\s|\\]*Nan::New<(v8::)*String>\(([^)]+)\)\)/gm, '.Get($1)' ],
+  [ /\.Get\([\s|\\]*Nan::New\(([^)]+)\)\)/gm, '.Get($1)' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::Set\(([^,]+),\s*/gm, '($1).Set(' ],
+  [ /\.Set\([\s|\\]*Nan::New<(v8::)*String>\(([^)]+)\)\s*,/gm, '.Set($1,' ],
+  [ /\.Set\([\s|\\]*Nan::New\(([^)]+)\)\s*,/gm, '.Set($1,' ],
+
+
+  // ex. node::Buffer::HasInstance(info[0]) to info[0].IsBuffer()
+  [ /node::Buffer::HasInstance\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.IsBuffer()' ],
+  // ex. node::Buffer::Length(info[0]) to info[0].Length()
+  [ /node::Buffer::Length\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Buffer<char>>().Length()' ],
+  // ex. node::Buffer::Data(info[0]) to info[0].Data()
+  [ /node::Buffer::Data\((.+?)\)/g, '$1.As<Napi::Buffer<char>>().Data()' ],
+  [ /Nan::CopyBuffer\(/g, 'Napi::Buffer::Copy(env, ' ],
+
+  // Nan::AsyncQueueWorker(worker)
+  [ /Nan::AsyncQueueWorker\((.+)\);/g, '$1.Queue();' ],
+  [ /Nan::(Undefined|Null|True|False)\(\)/g, 'env.$1()' ],
+
+  // Nan::ThrowError(error) to Napi::Error::New(env, error).ThrowAsJavaScriptException()
+  [ /([ ]*)return Nan::Throw(\w*?)Error\((.+?)\);/g, '$1Napi::$2Error::New(env, $3).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();\n$1return env.Null();' ],
+  [ /Nan::Throw(\w*?)Error\((.+?)\);\n(\s*)return;/g, 'Napi::$1Error::New(env, $2).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();\n$3return env.Null();' ],
+  [ /Nan::Throw(\w*?)Error\((.+?)\);/g, 'Napi::$1Error::New(env, $2).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();\n' ],
+  // Nan::RangeError(error) to Napi::RangeError::New(env, error)
+  [ /Nan::(\w*?)Error\((.+)\)/g, 'Napi::$1Error::New(env, $2)' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::Set\((.+?),\n* *(.+?),\n* *(.+?),\n* *(.+?)\)/g, '$1.Set($2, $3, $4)' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::(Escapable)?HandleScope\s+(\w+)\s*;/g, 'Napi::$1HandleScope $2(env);' ],
+  [ /Nan::(Escapable)?HandleScope/g, 'Napi::$1HandleScope' ],
+  [ /Nan::ForceSet\(([^,]+), ?/g, '$1->DefineProperty(' ],
+  [ /\.ForceSet\(Napi::String::New\(env, "(\w+)"\),\s*?/g, '.DefineProperty("$1", ' ],
+  // [ /Nan::GetPropertyNames\(([^,]+)\)/, '$1->GetPropertyNames()' ],
+  [ /Nan::Equals\(([^,]+),/g, '$1.StrictEquals(' ],
+
+
+  [ /(.+)->Set\(/g, '$1.Set\(' ],
+
+
+  [ /Nan::Callback/g, 'Napi::FunctionReference' ],
+
+
+  [ /Nan::Persistent<Object>/g, 'Napi::ObjectReference' ],
+  [ /Nan::ADDON_REGISTER_FUNCTION_ARGS_TYPE target/g, 'Napi::Env& env, Napi::Object& target' ],
+
+  [ /(\w+)\*\s+(\w+)\s*=\s*Nan::ObjectWrap::Unwrap<\w+>\(info\.This\(\)\);/g, '$1* $2 = this;' ],
+  [ /Nan::ObjectWrap::Unwrap<(\w+)>\((.*)\);/g, '$2.Unwrap<$1>();' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::NAN_METHOD_RETURN_TYPE/g, 'void' ],
+  [ /NAN_INLINE/g, 'inline' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::NAN_METHOD_ARGS_TYPE/g, 'const Napi::CallbackInfo&' ],
+  [ /NAN_METHOD\(([\w\d:]+?)\)/g, 'Napi::Value $1(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info)'],
+  [ /static\s*NAN_GETTER\(([\w\d:]+?)\)/g, 'Napi::Value $1(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info)' ],
+  [ /NAN_GETTER\(([\w\d:]+?)\)/g, 'Napi::Value $1(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info)' ],
+  [ /static\s*NAN_SETTER\(([\w\d:]+?)\)/g, 'void $1(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value)' ],
+  [ /NAN_SETTER\(([\w\d:]+?)\)/g, 'void $1(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value)' ],
+  [ /void Init\((v8::)*Local<(v8::)*Object> exports\)/g, 'Napi::Object Init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports)' ],
+  [ /NAN_MODULE_INIT\(([\w\d:]+?)\);/g, 'Napi::Object $1(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports);' ],
+  [ /NAN_MODULE_INIT\(([\w\d:]+?)\)/g, 'Napi::Object $1(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports)' ],
+
+
+  [ /::(Init(?:ialize)?)\(target\)/g, '::$1(env, target, module)' ],
+  [ /constructor_template/g, 'constructor' ],
+
+  [ /Nan::FunctionCallbackInfo<(v8::)?Value>[ ]*& [ ]*info\)[ ]*{\n*([ ]*)/gm, 'Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {\n$2Napi::Env env = info.Env();\n$2' ],
+  [ /Nan::FunctionCallbackInfo<(v8::)*Value>\s*&\s*info\);/g, 'Napi::CallbackInfo& info);' ],
+  [ /Nan::FunctionCallbackInfo<(v8::)*Value>\s*&/g, 'Napi::CallbackInfo&' ],
+
+  [ /Buffer::HasInstance\(([^)]+)\)/g, '$1.IsBuffer()' ],
+
+  [ /info\[(\d+)\]->/g, 'info[$1].' ],
+  [ /info\[([\w\d]+)\]->/g, 'info[$1].' ],
+  [ /info\.This\(\)->/g, 'info.This().' ],
+  [ /->Is(Object|String|Int32|Number)\(\)/g, '.Is$1()' ],
+  [ /info.GetReturnValue\(\).SetUndefined\(\)/g, 'return env.Undefined()' ],
+  [ /info\.GetReturnValue\(\)\.Set\(((\n|.)+?)\);/g, 'return $1;' ],
+
+
+  // ex. Local<Value> to Napi::Value
+  [ /v8::Local<v8::(Value|Boolean|String|Number|Object|Array|Symbol|External|Function)>/g, 'Napi::$1' ],
+  [ /Local<(Value|Boolean|String|Number|Object|Array|Symbol|External|Function)>/g, 'Napi::$1' ],
+
+  // Declare an env in helper functions that take a Napi::Value
+  [ /(\w+)\(Napi::Value (\w+)(,\s*[^\()]+)?\)\s*{\n*([ ]*)/gm, '$1(Napi::Value $2$3) {\n$4Napi::Env env = $2.Env();\n$4' ],
+
+  // delete #include <node.h> and/or <v8.h>
+  [ /#include +(<|")(?:node|nan).h("|>)/g, "#include $1napi.h$2\n#include $1uv.h$2" ],
+  // NODE_MODULE to NODE_API_MODULE
+  [ /NODE_MODULE/g, 'NODE_API_MODULE' ],
+  [ /Nan::/g, 'Napi::' ],
+  [ /nan.h/g, 'napi.h' ],
+
+  // delete .FromJust()
+  [ /\.FromJust\(\)/g, '' ],
+  // delete .ToLocalCheck()
+  [ /\.ToLocalChecked\(\)/g, '' ],
+  [ /^.*->SetInternalFieldCount\(.*$/gm, '' ],
+
+  // replace using node; and/or using v8; to using Napi;
+  [ /using (node|v8);/g, 'using Napi;' ],
+  [ /using namespace (node|Nan|v8);/g, 'using namespace Napi;' ],
+  // delete using v8::Local;
+  [ /using v8::Local;\n/g, '' ],
+  // replace using v8::XXX; with using Napi::XXX
+  [ /using v8::([A-Za-z]+);/g, 'using Napi::$1;' ],
+
+];
+
+var paths = listFiles(dir);
+paths.forEach(function(dirEntry) {
+  var filename = dirEntry.split('\\').pop().split('/').pop();
+
+  // Check whether the file is a source file or a config file
+  // then execute function accordingly
+  var sourcePattern = /.+\.h|.+\.cc|.+\.cpp/;
+  if (sourcePattern.test(filename)) {
+    convertFile(dirEntry, SourceFileOperations);
+  } else if (ConfigFileOperations[filename] != null) {
+    convertFile(dirEntry, ConfigFileOperations[filename]);
+  }
+});
+
+function listFiles(dir, filelist) {
+  var files = fs.readdirSync(dir);
+  filelist = filelist || [];
+  files.forEach(function(file) {
+    if (file === 'node_modules') {
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (fs.statSync(path.join(dir, file)).isDirectory()) {
+      filelist = listFiles(path.join(dir, file), filelist);
+    } else {
+      filelist.push(path.join(dir, file));
+    }
+  });
+  return filelist;
+}
+
+function convert(content, operations) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < operations.length; i ++) {
+    let operation = operations[i];
+    content = content.replace(operation[0], operation[1]);
+  }
+  return content;
+}
+
+function convertFile(fileName, operations) {
+  fs.readFile(fileName, "utf-8", function (err, file) {
+    if (err) throw err;
+
+    file = convert(file, operations);
+
+    fs.writeFile(fileName, file, function(err){
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..543d3d947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+
+Changelog
+=========
+
+
+# 2.x release
+
+## v2.6.1
+
+**This is an important security release. It is strongly recommended to update as soon as possible.**
+
+- Fix: honor the `size` option after following a redirect.
+
+## v2.6.0
+
+- Enhance: `options.agent`, it now accepts a function that returns custom http(s).Agent instance based on current URL, see readme for more information.
+- Fix: incorrect `Content-Length` was returned for stream body in 2.5.0 release; note that `node-fetch` doesn't calculate content length for stream body.
+- Fix: `Response.url` should return empty string instead of `null` by default.
+
+## v2.5.0
+
+- Enhance: `Response` object now includes `redirected` property.
+- Enhance: `fetch()` now accepts third-party `Blob` implementation as body.
+- Other: disable `package-lock.json` generation as we never commit them.
+- Other: dev dependency update.
+- Other: readme update.
+
+## v2.4.1
+
+- Fix: `Blob` import rule for node < 10, as `Readable` isn't a named export.
+
+## v2.4.0
+
+- Enhance: added `Brotli` compression support (using node's zlib).
+- Enhance: updated `Blob` implementation per spec.
+- Fix: set content type automatically for `URLSearchParams`.
+- Fix: `Headers` now reject empty header names.
+- Fix: test cases, as node 12+ no longer accepts invalid header response.
+
+## v2.3.0
+
+- Enhance: added `AbortSignal` support, with README example.
+- Enhance: handle invalid `Location` header during redirect by rejecting them explicitly with `FetchError`.
+- Fix: update `browser.js` to support react-native environment, where `self` isn't available globally.
+
+## v2.2.1
+
+- Fix: `compress` flag shouldn't overwrite existing `Accept-Encoding` header.
+- Fix: multiple `import` rules, where `PassThrough` etc. doesn't have a named export when using node <10 and `--exerimental-modules` flag.
+- Other: Better README.
+
+## v2.2.0
+
+- Enhance: Support all `ArrayBuffer` view types
+- Enhance: Support Web Workers
+- Enhance: Support Node.js' `--experimental-modules` mode; deprecate `.es.js` file
+- Fix: Add `__esModule` property to the exports object
+- Other: Better example in README for writing response to a file
+- Other: More tests for Agent
+
+## v2.1.2
+
+- Fix: allow `Body` methods to work on `ArrayBuffer`-backed `Body` objects
+- Fix: reject promise returned by `Body` methods when the accumulated `Buffer` exceeds the maximum size
+- Fix: support custom `Host` headers with any casing
+- Fix: support importing `fetch()` from TypeScript in `browser.js`
+- Fix: handle the redirect response body properly
+
+## v2.1.1
+
+Fix packaging errors in v2.1.0.
+
+## v2.1.0
+
+- Enhance: allow using ArrayBuffer as the `body` of a `fetch()` or `Request`
+- Fix: store HTTP headers of a `Headers` object internally with the given case, for compatibility with older servers that incorrectly treated header names in a case-sensitive manner
+- Fix: silently ignore invalid HTTP headers
+- Fix: handle HTTP redirect responses without a `Location` header just like non-redirect responses
+- Fix: include bodies when following a redirection when appropriate
+
+## v2.0.0
+
+This is a major release. Check [our upgrade guide](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/UPGRADE-GUIDE.md) for an overview on some key differences between v1 and v2.
+
+### General changes
+
+- Major: Node.js 0.10.x and 0.12.x support is dropped
+- Major: `require('node-fetch/lib/response')` etc. is now unsupported; use `require('node-fetch').Response` or ES6 module imports
+- Enhance: start testing on Node.js v4.x, v6.x, v8.x LTS, as well as v9.x stable
+- Enhance: use Rollup to produce a distributed bundle (less memory overhead and faster startup)
+- Enhance: make `Object.prototype.toString()` on Headers, Requests, and Responses return correct class strings
+- Other: rewrite in ES2015 using Babel
+- Other: use Codecov for code coverage tracking
+- Other: update package.json script for npm 5
+- Other: `encoding` module is now optional (alpha.7)
+- Other: expose browser.js through package.json, avoid bundling mishaps (alpha.9)
+- Other: allow TypeScript to `import` node-fetch by exposing default (alpha.9)
+
+### HTTP requests
+
+- Major: overwrite user's `Content-Length` if we can be sure our information is correct (per spec)
+- Fix: errors in a response are caught before the body is accessed
+- Fix: support WHATWG URL objects, created by `whatwg-url` package or `require('url').URL` in Node.js 7+
+
+### Response and Request classes
+
+- Major: `response.text()` no longer attempts to detect encoding, instead always opting for UTF-8 (per spec); use `response.textConverted()` for the v1 behavior
+- Major: make `response.json()` throw error instead of returning an empty object on 204 no-content respose (per spec; reverts behavior changed in v1.6.2)
+- Major: internal methods are no longer exposed
+- Major: throw error when a `GET` or `HEAD` Request is constructed with a non-null body (per spec)
+- Enhance: add `response.arrayBuffer()` (also applies to Requests)
+- Enhance: add experimental `response.blob()` (also applies to Requests)
+- Enhance: `URLSearchParams` is now accepted as a body
+- Enhance: wrap `response.json()` json parsing error as `FetchError`
+- Fix: fix Request and Response with `null` body
+
+### Headers class
+
+- Major: remove `headers.getAll()`; make `get()` return all headers delimited by commas (per spec)
+- Enhance: make Headers iterable
+- Enhance: make Headers constructor accept an array of tuples
+- Enhance: make sure header names and values are valid in HTTP
+- Fix: coerce Headers prototype function parameters to strings, where applicable
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Enhance: more comprehensive API docs
+- Enhance: add a list of default headers in README
+
+
+# 1.x release
+
+## backport releases (v1.7.0 and beyond)
+
+See [changelog on 1.x branch](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/1.x/CHANGELOG.md) for details.
+
+## v1.6.3
+
+- Enhance: error handling document to explain `FetchError` design
+- Fix: support `form-data` 2.x releases (requires `form-data` >= 2.1.0)
+
+## v1.6.2
+
+- Enhance: minor document update
+- Fix: response.json() returns empty object on 204 no-content response instead of throwing a syntax error
+
+## v1.6.1
+
+- Fix: if `res.body` is a non-stream non-formdata object, we will call `body.toString` and send it as a string
+- Fix: `counter` value is incorrectly set to `follow` value when wrapping Request instance
+- Fix: documentation update
+
+## v1.6.0
+
+- Enhance: added `res.buffer()` api for convenience, it returns body as a Node.js buffer
+- Enhance: better old server support by handling raw deflate response
+- Enhance: skip encoding detection for non-HTML/XML response
+- Enhance: minor document update
+- Fix: HEAD request doesn't need decompression, as body is empty
+- Fix: `req.body` now accepts a Node.js buffer
+
+## v1.5.3
+
+- Fix: handle 204 and 304 responses when body is empty but content-encoding is gzip/deflate
+- Fix: allow resolving response and cloned response in any order
+- Fix: avoid setting `content-length` when `form-data` body use streams
+- Fix: send DELETE request with content-length when body is present
+- Fix: allow any url when calling new Request, but still reject non-http(s) url in fetch
+
+## v1.5.2
+
+- Fix: allow node.js core to handle keep-alive connection pool when passing a custom agent
+
+## v1.5.1
+
+- Fix: redirect mode `manual` should work even when there is no redirection or broken redirection
+
+## v1.5.0
+
+- Enhance: rejected promise now use custom `Error` (thx to @pekeler)
+- Enhance: `FetchError` contains `err.type` and `err.code`, allows for better error handling (thx to @pekeler)
+- Enhance: basic support for redirect mode `manual` and `error`, allows for location header extraction (thx to @jimmywarting for the initial PR)
+
+## v1.4.1
+
+- Fix: wrapping Request instance with FormData body again should preserve the body as-is
+
+## v1.4.0
+
+- Enhance: Request and Response now have `clone` method (thx to @kirill-konshin for the initial PR)
+- Enhance: Request and Response now have proper string and buffer body support (thx to @kirill-konshin)
+- Enhance: Body constructor has been refactored out (thx to @kirill-konshin)
+- Enhance: Headers now has `forEach` method (thx to @tricoder42)
+- Enhance: back to 100% code coverage
+- Fix: better form-data support (thx to @item4)
+- Fix: better character encoding detection under chunked encoding (thx to @dsuket for the initial PR)
+
+## v1.3.3
+
+- Fix: make sure `Content-Length` header is set when body is string for POST/PUT/PATCH requests
+- Fix: handle body stream error, for cases such as incorrect `Content-Encoding` header
+- Fix: when following certain redirects, use `GET` on subsequent request per Fetch Spec
+- Fix: `Request` and `Response` constructors now parse headers input using `Headers`
+
+## v1.3.2
+
+- Enhance: allow auto detect of form-data input (no `FormData` spec on node.js, this is form-data specific feature)
+
+## v1.3.1
+
+- Enhance: allow custom host header to be set (server-side only feature, as it's a forbidden header on client-side)
+
+## v1.3.0
+
+- Enhance: now `fetch.Request` is exposed as well
+
+## v1.2.1
+
+- Enhance: `Headers` now normalized `Number` value to `String`, prevent common mistakes
+
+## v1.2.0
+
+- Enhance: now fetch.Headers and fetch.Response are exposed, making testing easier
+
+## v1.1.2
+
+- Fix: `Headers` should only support `String` and `Array` properties, and ignore others
+
+## v1.1.1
+
+- Enhance: now req.headers accept both plain object and `Headers` instance
+
+## v1.1.0
+
+- Enhance: timeout now also applies to response body (in case of slow response)
+- Fix: timeout is now cleared properly when fetch is done/has failed
+
+## v1.0.6
+
+- Fix: less greedy content-type charset matching
+
+## v1.0.5
+
+- Fix: when `follow = 0`, fetch should not follow redirect
+- Enhance: update tests for better coverage
+- Enhance: code formatting
+- Enhance: clean up doc
+
+## v1.0.4
+
+- Enhance: test iojs support
+- Enhance: timeout attached to socket event only fire once per redirect
+
+## v1.0.3
+
+- Fix: response size limit should reject large chunk
+- Enhance: added character encoding detection for xml, such as rss/atom feed (encoding in DTD)
+
+## v1.0.2
+
+- Fix: added res.ok per spec change
+
+## v1.0.0
+
+- Enhance: better test coverage and doc
+
+
+# 0.x release
+
+## v0.1
+
+- Major: initial public release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/LICENSE.md b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..660ffecb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 David Frank
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/README.md b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dde74289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+node-fetch
+==========
+
+[![npm version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![coverage status][codecov-image]][codecov-url]
+[![install size][install-size-image]][install-size-url]
+[![Discord][discord-image]][discord-url]
+
+A light-weight module that brings `window.fetch` to Node.js
+
+(We are looking for [v2 maintainers and collaborators](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/567))
+
+[![Backers][opencollective-image]][opencollective-url]
+
+<!-- TOC -->
+
+- [Motivation](#motivation)
+- [Features](#features)
+- [Difference from client-side fetch](#difference-from-client-side-fetch)
+- [Installation](#installation)
+- [Loading and configuring the module](#loading-and-configuring-the-module)
+- [Common Usage](#common-usage)
+    - [Plain text or HTML](#plain-text-or-html)
+    - [JSON](#json)
+    - [Simple Post](#simple-post)
+    - [Post with JSON](#post-with-json)
+    - [Post with form parameters](#post-with-form-parameters)
+    - [Handling exceptions](#handling-exceptions)
+    - [Handling client and server errors](#handling-client-and-server-errors)
+- [Advanced Usage](#advanced-usage)
+    - [Streams](#streams)
+    - [Buffer](#buffer)
+    - [Accessing Headers and other Meta data](#accessing-headers-and-other-meta-data)
+    - [Extract Set-Cookie Header](#extract-set-cookie-header)
+    - [Post data using a file stream](#post-data-using-a-file-stream)
+    - [Post with form-data (detect multipart)](#post-with-form-data-detect-multipart)
+    - [Request cancellation with AbortSignal](#request-cancellation-with-abortsignal)
+- [API](#api)
+    - [fetch(url[, options])](#fetchurl-options)
+    - [Options](#options)
+    - [Class: Request](#class-request)
+    - [Class: Response](#class-response)
+    - [Class: Headers](#class-headers)
+    - [Interface: Body](#interface-body)
+    - [Class: FetchError](#class-fetcherror)
+- [License](#license)
+- [Acknowledgement](#acknowledgement)
+
+<!-- /TOC -->
+
+## Motivation
+
+Instead of implementing `XMLHttpRequest` in Node.js to run browser-specific [Fetch polyfill](https://github.com/github/fetch), why not go from native `http` to `fetch` API directly? Hence, `node-fetch`, minimal code for a `window.fetch` compatible API on Node.js runtime.
+
+See Matt Andrews' [isomorphic-fetch](https://github.com/matthew-andrews/isomorphic-fetch) or Leonardo Quixada's [cross-fetch](https://github.com/lquixada/cross-fetch) for isomorphic usage (exports `node-fetch` for server-side, `whatwg-fetch` for client-side).
+
+## Features
+
+- Stay consistent with `window.fetch` API.
+- Make conscious trade-off when following [WHATWG fetch spec][whatwg-fetch] and [stream spec](https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/) implementation details, document known differences.
+- Use native promise but allow substituting it with [insert your favorite promise library].
+- Use native Node streams for body on both request and response.
+- Decode content encoding (gzip/deflate) properly and convert string output (such as `res.text()` and `res.json()`) to UTF-8 automatically.
+- Useful extensions such as timeout, redirect limit, response size limit, [explicit errors](ERROR-HANDLING.md) for troubleshooting.
+
+## Difference from client-side fetch
+
+- See [Known Differences](LIMITS.md) for details.
+- If you happen to use a missing feature that `window.fetch` offers, feel free to open an issue.
+- Pull requests are welcomed too!
+
+## Installation
+
+Current stable release (`2.x`)
+
+```sh
+$ npm install node-fetch
+```
+
+## Loading and configuring the module
+We suggest you load the module via `require` until the stabilization of ES modules in node:
+```js
+const fetch = require('node-fetch');
+```
+
+If you are using a Promise library other than native, set it through `fetch.Promise`:
+```js
+const Bluebird = require('bluebird');
+
+fetch.Promise = Bluebird;
+```
+
+## Common Usage
+
+NOTE: The documentation below is up-to-date with `2.x` releases; see the [`1.x` readme](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/1.x/README.md), [changelog](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/1.x/CHANGELOG.md) and [2.x upgrade guide](UPGRADE-GUIDE.md) for the differences.
+
+#### Plain text or HTML
+```js
+fetch('https://github.com/')
+    .then(res => res.text())
+    .then(body => console.log(body));
+```
+
+#### JSON
+
+```js
+
+fetch('https://api.github.com/users/github')
+    .then(res => res.json())
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+```
+
+#### Simple Post
+```js
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: 'a=1' })
+    .then(res => res.json()) // expecting a json response
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+```
+
+#### Post with JSON
+
+```js
+const body = { a: 1 };
+
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', {
+        method: 'post',
+        body:    JSON.stringify(body),
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    })
+    .then(res => res.json())
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+```
+
+#### Post with form parameters
+`URLSearchParams` is available in Node.js as of v7.5.0. See [official documentation](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) for more usage methods.
+
+NOTE: The `Content-Type` header is only set automatically to `x-www-form-urlencoded` when an instance of `URLSearchParams` is given as such:
+
+```js
+const { URLSearchParams } = require('url');
+
+const params = new URLSearchParams();
+params.append('a', 1);
+
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: params })
+    .then(res => res.json())
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+```
+
+#### Handling exceptions
+NOTE: 3xx-5xx responses are *NOT* exceptions and should be handled in `then()`; see the next section for more information.
+
+Adding a catch to the fetch promise chain will catch *all* exceptions, such as errors originating from node core libraries, network errors and operational errors, which are instances of FetchError. See the [error handling document](ERROR-HANDLING.md)  for more details.
+
+```js
+fetch('https://domain.invalid/')
+    .catch(err => console.error(err));
+```
+
+#### Handling client and server errors
+It is common to create a helper function to check that the response contains no client (4xx) or server (5xx) error responses:
+
+```js
+function checkStatus(res) {
+    if (res.ok) { // res.status >= 200 && res.status < 300
+        return res;
+    } else {
+        throw MyCustomError(res.statusText);
+    }
+}
+
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/status/400')
+    .then(checkStatus)
+    .then(res => console.log('will not get here...'))
+```
+
+## Advanced Usage
+
+#### Streams
+The "Node.js way" is to use streams when possible:
+
+```js
+fetch('https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/Octocat.png')
+    .then(res => {
+        const dest = fs.createWriteStream('./octocat.png');
+        res.body.pipe(dest);
+    });
+```
+
+#### Buffer
+If you prefer to cache binary data in full, use buffer(). (NOTE: `buffer()` is a `node-fetch`-only API)
+
+```js
+const fileType = require('file-type');
+
+fetch('https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/Octocat.png')
+    .then(res => res.buffer())
+    .then(buffer => fileType(buffer))
+    .then(type => { /* ... */ });
+```
+
+#### Accessing Headers and other Meta data
+```js
+fetch('https://github.com/')
+    .then(res => {
+        console.log(res.ok);
+        console.log(res.status);
+        console.log(res.statusText);
+        console.log(res.headers.raw());
+        console.log(res.headers.get('content-type'));
+    });
+```
+
+#### Extract Set-Cookie Header
+
+Unlike browsers, you can access raw `Set-Cookie` headers manually using `Headers.raw()`. This is a `node-fetch` only API.
+
+```js
+fetch(url).then(res => {
+    // returns an array of values, instead of a string of comma-separated values
+    console.log(res.headers.raw()['set-cookie']);
+});
+```
+
+#### Post data using a file stream
+
+```js
+const { createReadStream } = require('fs');
+
+const stream = createReadStream('input.txt');
+
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: stream })
+    .then(res => res.json())
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+```
+
+#### Post with form-data (detect multipart)
+
+```js
+const FormData = require('form-data');
+
+const form = new FormData();
+form.append('a', 1);
+
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: form })
+    .then(res => res.json())
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+
+// OR, using custom headers
+// NOTE: getHeaders() is non-standard API
+
+const form = new FormData();
+form.append('a', 1);
+
+const options = {
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: form,
+    headers: form.getHeaders()
+}
+
+fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', options)
+    .then(res => res.json())
+    .then(json => console.log(json));
+```
+
+#### Request cancellation with AbortSignal
+
+> NOTE: You may cancel streamed requests only on Node >= v8.0.0
+
+You may cancel requests with `AbortController`. A suggested implementation is [`abort-controller`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/abort-controller).
+
+An example of timing out a request after 150ms could be achieved as the following:
+
+```js
+import AbortController from 'abort-controller';
+
+const controller = new AbortController();
+const timeout = setTimeout(
+  () => { controller.abort(); },
+  150,
+);
+
+fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal })
+  .then(res => res.json())
+  .then(
+    data => {
+      useData(data)
+    },
+    err => {
+      if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
+        // request was aborted
+      }
+    },
+  )
+  .finally(() => {
+    clearTimeout(timeout);
+  });
+```
+
+See [test cases](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/test/test.js) for more examples.
+
+
+## API
+
+### fetch(url[, options])
+
+- `url` A string representing the URL for fetching
+- `options` [Options](#fetch-options) for the HTTP(S) request
+- Returns: <code>Promise&lt;[Response](#class-response)&gt;</code>
+
+Perform an HTTP(S) fetch.
+
+`url` should be an absolute url, such as `https://example.com/`. A path-relative URL (`/file/under/root`) or protocol-relative URL (`//can-be-http-or-https.com/`) will result in a rejected `Promise`.
+
+<a id="fetch-options"></a>
+### Options
+
+The default values are shown after each option key.
+
+```js
+{
+    // These properties are part of the Fetch Standard
+    method: 'GET',
+    headers: {},        // request headers. format is the identical to that accepted by the Headers constructor (see below)
+    body: null,         // request body. can be null, a string, a Buffer, a Blob, or a Node.js Readable stream
+    redirect: 'follow', // set to `manual` to extract redirect headers, `error` to reject redirect
+    signal: null,       // pass an instance of AbortSignal to optionally abort requests
+
+    // The following properties are node-fetch extensions
+    follow: 20,         // maximum redirect count. 0 to not follow redirect
+    timeout: 0,         // req/res timeout in ms, it resets on redirect. 0 to disable (OS limit applies). Signal is recommended instead.
+    compress: true,     // support gzip/deflate content encoding. false to disable
+    size: 0,            // maximum response body size in bytes. 0 to disable
+    agent: null         // http(s).Agent instance or function that returns an instance (see below)
+}
+```
+
+##### Default Headers
+
+If no values are set, the following request headers will be sent automatically:
+
+Header              | Value
+------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------
+`Accept-Encoding`   | `gzip,deflate` _(when `options.compress === true`)_
+`Accept`            | `*/*`
+`Connection`        | `close` _(when no `options.agent` is present)_
+`Content-Length`    | _(automatically calculated, if possible)_
+`Transfer-Encoding` | `chunked` _(when `req.body` is a stream)_
+`User-Agent`        | `node-fetch/1.0 (+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch)`
+
+Note: when `body` is a `Stream`, `Content-Length` is not set automatically.
+
+##### Custom Agent
+
+The `agent` option allows you to specify networking related options which are out of the scope of Fetch, including and not limited to the following:
+
+- Support self-signed certificate
+- Use only IPv4 or IPv6
+- Custom DNS Lookup
+
+See [`http.Agent`](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_new_agent_options) for more information.
+
+In addition, the `agent` option accepts a function that returns `http`(s)`.Agent` instance given current [URL](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html), this is useful during a redirection chain across HTTP and HTTPS protocol.
+
+```js
+const httpAgent = new http.Agent({
+    keepAlive: true
+});
+const httpsAgent = new https.Agent({
+    keepAlive: true
+});
+
+const options = {
+    agent: function (_parsedURL) {
+        if (_parsedURL.protocol == 'http:') {
+            return httpAgent;
+        } else {
+            return httpsAgent;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+<a id="class-request"></a>
+### Class: Request
+
+An HTTP(S) request containing information about URL, method, headers, and the body. This class implements the [Body](#iface-body) interface.
+
+Due to the nature of Node.js, the following properties are not implemented at this moment:
+
+- `type`
+- `destination`
+- `referrer`
+- `referrerPolicy`
+- `mode`
+- `credentials`
+- `cache`
+- `integrity`
+- `keepalive`
+
+The following node-fetch extension properties are provided:
+
+- `follow`
+- `compress`
+- `counter`
+- `agent`
+
+See [options](#fetch-options) for exact meaning of these extensions.
+
+#### new Request(input[, options])
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+- `input` A string representing a URL, or another `Request` (which will be cloned)
+- `options` [Options][#fetch-options] for the HTTP(S) request
+
+Constructs a new `Request` object. The constructor is identical to that in the [browser](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Request/Request).
+
+In most cases, directly `fetch(url, options)` is simpler than creating a `Request` object.
+
+<a id="class-response"></a>
+### Class: Response
+
+An HTTP(S) response. This class implements the [Body](#iface-body) interface.
+
+The following properties are not implemented in node-fetch at this moment:
+
+- `Response.error()`
+- `Response.redirect()`
+- `type`
+- `trailer`
+
+#### new Response([body[, options]])
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+- `body` A `String` or [`Readable` stream][node-readable]
+- `options` A [`ResponseInit`][response-init] options dictionary
+
+Constructs a new `Response` object. The constructor is identical to that in the [browser](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response/Response).
+
+Because Node.js does not implement service workers (for which this class was designed), one rarely has to construct a `Response` directly.
+
+#### response.ok
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+Convenience property representing if the request ended normally. Will evaluate to true if the response status was greater than or equal to 200 but smaller than 300.
+
+#### response.redirected
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+Convenience property representing if the request has been redirected at least once. Will evaluate to true if the internal redirect counter is greater than 0.
+
+<a id="class-headers"></a>
+### Class: Headers
+
+This class allows manipulating and iterating over a set of HTTP headers. All methods specified in the [Fetch Standard][whatwg-fetch] are implemented.
+
+#### new Headers([init])
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+- `init` Optional argument to pre-fill the `Headers` object
+
+Construct a new `Headers` object. `init` can be either `null`, a `Headers` object, an key-value map object or any iterable object.
+
+```js
+// Example adapted from https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#example-headers-class
+
+const meta = {
+  'Content-Type': 'text/xml',
+  'Breaking-Bad': '<3'
+};
+const headers = new Headers(meta);
+
+// The above is equivalent to
+const meta = [
+  [ 'Content-Type', 'text/xml' ],
+  [ 'Breaking-Bad', '<3' ]
+];
+const headers = new Headers(meta);
+
+// You can in fact use any iterable objects, like a Map or even another Headers
+const meta = new Map();
+meta.set('Content-Type', 'text/xml');
+meta.set('Breaking-Bad', '<3');
+const headers = new Headers(meta);
+const copyOfHeaders = new Headers(headers);
+```
+
+<a id="iface-body"></a>
+### Interface: Body
+
+`Body` is an abstract interface with methods that are applicable to both `Request` and `Response` classes.
+
+The following methods are not yet implemented in node-fetch at this moment:
+
+- `formData()`
+
+#### body.body
+
+<small>*(deviation from spec)*</small>
+
+* Node.js [`Readable` stream][node-readable]
+
+Data are encapsulated in the `Body` object. Note that while the [Fetch Standard][whatwg-fetch] requires the property to always be a WHATWG `ReadableStream`, in node-fetch it is a Node.js [`Readable` stream][node-readable].
+
+#### body.bodyUsed
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+* `Boolean`
+
+A boolean property for if this body has been consumed. Per the specs, a consumed body cannot be used again.
+
+#### body.arrayBuffer()
+#### body.blob()
+#### body.json()
+#### body.text()
+
+<small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
+
+* Returns: <code>Promise</code>
+
+Consume the body and return a promise that will resolve to one of these formats.
+
+#### body.buffer()
+
+<small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
+
+* Returns: <code>Promise&lt;Buffer&gt;</code>
+
+Consume the body and return a promise that will resolve to a Buffer.
+
+#### body.textConverted()
+
+<small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
+
+* Returns: <code>Promise&lt;String&gt;</code>
+
+Identical to `body.text()`, except instead of always converting to UTF-8, encoding sniffing will be performed and text converted to UTF-8 if possible.
+
+(This API requires an optional dependency of the npm package [encoding](https://www.npmjs.com/package/encoding), which you need to install manually. `webpack` users may see [a warning message](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/412#issuecomment-379007792) due to this optional dependency.)
+
+<a id="class-fetcherror"></a>
+### Class: FetchError
+
+<small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
+
+An operational error in the fetching process. See [ERROR-HANDLING.md][] for more info.
+
+<a id="class-aborterror"></a>
+### Class: AbortError
+
+<small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
+
+An Error thrown when the request is aborted in response to an `AbortSignal`'s `abort` event. It has a `name` property of `AbortError`. See [ERROR-HANDLING.MD][] for more info.
+
+## Acknowledgement
+
+Thanks to [github/fetch](https://github.com/github/fetch) for providing a solid implementation reference.
+
+`node-fetch` v1 was maintained by [@bitinn](https://github.com/bitinn); v2 was maintained by [@TimothyGu](https://github.com/timothygu), [@bitinn](https://github.com/bitinn) and [@jimmywarting](https://github.com/jimmywarting); v2 readme is written by [@jkantr](https://github.com/jkantr).
+
+## License
+
+MIT
+
+[npm-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/npm/v/node-fetch
+[npm-url]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-fetch
+[travis-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/travis/bitinn/node-fetch
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/bitinn/node-fetch
+[codecov-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/codecov/c/github/bitinn/node-fetch/master
+[codecov-url]: https://codecov.io/gh/bitinn/node-fetch
+[install-size-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/packagephobia/install/node-fetch
+[install-size-url]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=node-fetch
+[discord-image]: https://img.shields.io/discord/619915844268326952?color=%237289DA&label=Discord&style=flat-square
+[discord-url]: https://discord.gg/Zxbndcm
+[opencollective-image]: https://opencollective.com/node-fetch/backers.svg
+[opencollective-url]: https://opencollective.com/node-fetch
+[whatwg-fetch]: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/
+[response-init]: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#responseinit
+[node-readable]: https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_readable_streams
+[mdn-headers]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Headers
+[LIMITS.md]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/LIMITS.md
+[ERROR-HANDLING.md]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/ERROR-HANDLING.md
+[UPGRADE-GUIDE.md]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/UPGRADE-GUIDE.md
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83c54c584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"use strict";
+
+// ref: https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global
+var getGlobal = function () {
+	// the only reliable means to get the global object is
+	// `Function('return this')()`
+	// However, this causes CSP violations in Chrome apps.
+	if (typeof self !== 'undefined') { return self; }
+	if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { return window; }
+	if (typeof global !== 'undefined') { return global; }
+	throw new Error('unable to locate global object');
+}
+
+var global = getGlobal();
+
+module.exports = exports = global.fetch;
+
+// Needed for TypeScript and Webpack.
+if (global.fetch) {
+	exports.default = global.fetch.bind(global);
+}
+
+exports.Headers = global.Headers;
+exports.Request = global.Request;
+exports.Response = global.Response;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.es.js b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.es.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61906c959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.es.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1640 @@
+process.emitWarning("The .es.js file is deprecated. Use .mjs instead.");
+
+import Stream from 'stream';
+import http from 'http';
+import Url from 'url';
+import https from 'https';
+import zlib from 'zlib';
+
+// Based on https://github.com/tmpvar/jsdom/blob/aa85b2abf07766ff7bf5c1f6daafb3726f2f2db5/lib/jsdom/living/blob.js
+
+// fix for "Readable" isn't a named export issue
+const Readable = Stream.Readable;
+
+const BUFFER = Symbol('buffer');
+const TYPE = Symbol('type');
+
+class Blob {
+	constructor() {
+		this[TYPE] = '';
+
+		const blobParts = arguments[0];
+		const options = arguments[1];
+
+		const buffers = [];
+		let size = 0;
+
+		if (blobParts) {
+			const a = blobParts;
+			const length = Number(a.length);
+			for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+				const element = a[i];
+				let buffer;
+				if (element instanceof Buffer) {
+					buffer = element;
+				} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(element)) {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(element.buffer, element.byteOffset, element.byteLength);
+				} else if (element instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(element);
+				} else if (element instanceof Blob) {
+					buffer = element[BUFFER];
+				} else {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(typeof element === 'string' ? element : String(element));
+				}
+				size += buffer.length;
+				buffers.push(buffer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this[BUFFER] = Buffer.concat(buffers);
+
+		let type = options && options.type !== undefined && String(options.type).toLowerCase();
+		if (type && !/[^\u0020-\u007E]/.test(type)) {
+			this[TYPE] = type;
+		}
+	}
+	get size() {
+		return this[BUFFER].length;
+	}
+	get type() {
+		return this[TYPE];
+	}
+	text() {
+		return Promise.resolve(this[BUFFER].toString());
+	}
+	arrayBuffer() {
+		const buf = this[BUFFER];
+		const ab = buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
+		return Promise.resolve(ab);
+	}
+	stream() {
+		const readable = new Readable();
+		readable._read = function () {};
+		readable.push(this[BUFFER]);
+		readable.push(null);
+		return readable;
+	}
+	toString() {
+		return '[object Blob]';
+	}
+	slice() {
+		const size = this.size;
+
+		const start = arguments[0];
+		const end = arguments[1];
+		let relativeStart, relativeEnd;
+		if (start === undefined) {
+			relativeStart = 0;
+		} else if (start < 0) {
+			relativeStart = Math.max(size + start, 0);
+		} else {
+			relativeStart = Math.min(start, size);
+		}
+		if (end === undefined) {
+			relativeEnd = size;
+		} else if (end < 0) {
+			relativeEnd = Math.max(size + end, 0);
+		} else {
+			relativeEnd = Math.min(end, size);
+		}
+		const span = Math.max(relativeEnd - relativeStart, 0);
+
+		const buffer = this[BUFFER];
+		const slicedBuffer = buffer.slice(relativeStart, relativeStart + span);
+		const blob = new Blob([], { type: arguments[2] });
+		blob[BUFFER] = slicedBuffer;
+		return blob;
+	}
+}
+
+Object.defineProperties(Blob.prototype, {
+	size: { enumerable: true },
+	type: { enumerable: true },
+	slice: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Blob.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Blob',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * fetch-error.js
+ *
+ * FetchError interface for operational errors
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create FetchError instance
+ *
+ * @param   String      message      Error message for human
+ * @param   String      type         Error type for machine
+ * @param   String      systemError  For Node.js system error
+ * @return  FetchError
+ */
+function FetchError(message, type, systemError) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+
+  this.message = message;
+  this.type = type;
+
+  // when err.type is `system`, err.code contains system error code
+  if (systemError) {
+    this.code = this.errno = systemError.code;
+  }
+
+  // hide custom error implementation details from end-users
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+}
+
+FetchError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+FetchError.prototype.constructor = FetchError;
+FetchError.prototype.name = 'FetchError';
+
+let convert;
+try {
+	convert = require('encoding').convert;
+} catch (e) {}
+
+const INTERNALS = Symbol('Body internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "PassThrough" isn't a named export for node <10
+const PassThrough = Stream.PassThrough;
+
+/**
+ * Body mixin
+ *
+ * Ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#body
+ *
+ * @param   Stream  body  Readable stream
+ * @param   Object  opts  Response options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+function Body(body) {
+	var _this = this;
+
+	var _ref = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},
+	    _ref$size = _ref.size;
+
+	let size = _ref$size === undefined ? 0 : _ref$size;
+	var _ref$timeout = _ref.timeout;
+	let timeout = _ref$timeout === undefined ? 0 : _ref$timeout;
+
+	if (body == null) {
+		// body is undefined or null
+		body = null;
+	} else if (isURLSearchParams(body)) {
+		// body is a URLSearchParams
+		body = Buffer.from(body.toString());
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) ; else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) ; else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(body) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+		// body is ArrayBuffer
+		body = Buffer.from(body);
+	} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+		// body is ArrayBufferView
+		body = Buffer.from(body.buffer, body.byteOffset, body.byteLength);
+	} else if (body instanceof Stream) ; else {
+		// none of the above
+		// coerce to string then buffer
+		body = Buffer.from(String(body));
+	}
+	this[INTERNALS] = {
+		body,
+		disturbed: false,
+		error: null
+	};
+	this.size = size;
+	this.timeout = timeout;
+
+	if (body instanceof Stream) {
+		body.on('error', function (err) {
+			const error = err.name === 'AbortError' ? err : new FetchError(`Invalid response body while trying to fetch ${_this.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err);
+			_this[INTERNALS].error = error;
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+Body.prototype = {
+	get body() {
+		return this[INTERNALS].body;
+	},
+
+	get bodyUsed() {
+		return this[INTERNALS].disturbed;
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as ArrayBuffer
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	arrayBuffer() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buf) {
+			return buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Return raw response as Blob
+  *
+  * @return Promise
+  */
+	blob() {
+		let ct = this.headers && this.headers.get('content-type') || '';
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buf) {
+			return Object.assign(
+			// Prevent copying
+			new Blob([], {
+				type: ct.toLowerCase()
+			}), {
+				[BUFFER]: buf
+			});
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as json
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	json() {
+		var _this2 = this;
+
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			try {
+				return JSON.parse(buffer.toString());
+			} catch (err) {
+				return Body.Promise.reject(new FetchError(`invalid json response body at ${_this2.url} reason: ${err.message}`, 'invalid-json'));
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as text
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	text() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			return buffer.toString();
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as buffer (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	buffer() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this);
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as text, while automatically detecting the encoding and
+  * trying to decode to UTF-8 (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	textConverted() {
+		var _this3 = this;
+
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			return convertBody(buffer, _this3.headers);
+		});
+	}
+};
+
+// In browsers, all properties are enumerable.
+Object.defineProperties(Body.prototype, {
+	body: { enumerable: true },
+	bodyUsed: { enumerable: true },
+	arrayBuffer: { enumerable: true },
+	blob: { enumerable: true },
+	json: { enumerable: true },
+	text: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Body.mixIn = function (proto) {
+	for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Body.prototype)) {
+		// istanbul ignore else: future proof
+		if (!(name in proto)) {
+			const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Body.prototype, name);
+			Object.defineProperty(proto, name, desc);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * Consume and convert an entire Body to a Buffer.
+ *
+ * Ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-body-consume-body
+ *
+ * @return  Promise
+ */
+function consumeBody() {
+	var _this4 = this;
+
+	if (this[INTERNALS].disturbed) {
+		return Body.Promise.reject(new TypeError(`body used already for: ${this.url}`));
+	}
+
+	this[INTERNALS].disturbed = true;
+
+	if (this[INTERNALS].error) {
+		return Body.Promise.reject(this[INTERNALS].error);
+	}
+
+	let body = this.body;
+
+	// body is null
+	if (body === null) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(Buffer.alloc(0));
+	}
+
+	// body is blob
+	if (isBlob(body)) {
+		body = body.stream();
+	}
+
+	// body is buffer
+	if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(body);
+	}
+
+	// istanbul ignore if: should never happen
+	if (!(body instanceof Stream)) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(Buffer.alloc(0));
+	}
+
+	// body is stream
+	// get ready to actually consume the body
+	let accum = [];
+	let accumBytes = 0;
+	let abort = false;
+
+	return new Body.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+		let resTimeout;
+
+		// allow timeout on slow response body
+		if (_this4.timeout) {
+			resTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+				abort = true;
+				reject(new FetchError(`Response timeout while trying to fetch ${_this4.url} (over ${_this4.timeout}ms)`, 'body-timeout'));
+			}, _this4.timeout);
+		}
+
+		// handle stream errors
+		body.on('error', function (err) {
+			if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
+				// if the request was aborted, reject with this Error
+				abort = true;
+				reject(err);
+			} else {
+				// other errors, such as incorrect content-encoding
+				reject(new FetchError(`Invalid response body while trying to fetch ${_this4.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			}
+		});
+
+		body.on('data', function (chunk) {
+			if (abort || chunk === null) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (_this4.size && accumBytes + chunk.length > _this4.size) {
+				abort = true;
+				reject(new FetchError(`content size at ${_this4.url} over limit: ${_this4.size}`, 'max-size'));
+				return;
+			}
+
+			accumBytes += chunk.length;
+			accum.push(chunk);
+		});
+
+		body.on('end', function () {
+			if (abort) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			clearTimeout(resTimeout);
+
+			try {
+				resolve(Buffer.concat(accum, accumBytes));
+			} catch (err) {
+				// handle streams that have accumulated too much data (issue #414)
+				reject(new FetchError(`Could not create Buffer from response body for ${_this4.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			}
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect buffer encoding and convert to target encoding
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding
+ *
+ * @param   Buffer  buffer    Incoming buffer
+ * @param   String  encoding  Target encoding
+ * @return  String
+ */
+function convertBody(buffer, headers) {
+	if (typeof convert !== 'function') {
+		throw new Error('The package `encoding` must be installed to use the textConverted() function');
+	}
+
+	const ct = headers.get('content-type');
+	let charset = 'utf-8';
+	let res, str;
+
+	// header
+	if (ct) {
+		res = /charset=([^;]*)/i.exec(ct);
+	}
+
+	// no charset in content type, peek at response body for at most 1024 bytes
+	str = buffer.slice(0, 1024).toString();
+
+	// html5
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<meta.+?charset=(['"])(.+?)\1/i.exec(str);
+	}
+
+	// html4
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<meta[\s]+?http-equiv=(['"])content-type\1[\s]+?content=(['"])(.+?)\2/i.exec(str);
+		if (!res) {
+			res = /<meta[\s]+?content=(['"])(.+?)\1[\s]+?http-equiv=(['"])content-type\3/i.exec(str);
+			if (res) {
+				res.pop(); // drop last quote
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (res) {
+			res = /charset=(.*)/i.exec(res.pop());
+		}
+	}
+
+	// xml
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<\?xml.+?encoding=(['"])(.+?)\1/i.exec(str);
+	}
+
+	// found charset
+	if (res) {
+		charset = res.pop();
+
+		// prevent decode issues when sites use incorrect encoding
+		// ref: https://hsivonen.fi/encoding-menu/
+		if (charset === 'gb2312' || charset === 'gbk') {
+			charset = 'gb18030';
+		}
+	}
+
+	// turn raw buffers into a single utf-8 buffer
+	return convert(buffer, 'UTF-8', charset).toString();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect a URLSearchParams object
+ * ref: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/296#issuecomment-307598143
+ *
+ * @param   Object  obj     Object to detect by type or brand
+ * @return  String
+ */
+function isURLSearchParams(obj) {
+	// Duck-typing as a necessary condition.
+	if (typeof obj !== 'object' || typeof obj.append !== 'function' || typeof obj.delete !== 'function' || typeof obj.get !== 'function' || typeof obj.getAll !== 'function' || typeof obj.has !== 'function' || typeof obj.set !== 'function') {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Brand-checking and more duck-typing as optional condition.
+	return obj.constructor.name === 'URLSearchParams' || Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object URLSearchParams]' || typeof obj.sort === 'function';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if `obj` is a W3C `Blob` object (which `File` inherits from)
+ * @param  {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function isBlob(obj) {
+	return typeof obj === 'object' && typeof obj.arrayBuffer === 'function' && typeof obj.type === 'string' && typeof obj.stream === 'function' && typeof obj.constructor === 'function' && typeof obj.constructor.name === 'string' && /^(Blob|File)$/.test(obj.constructor.name) && /^(Blob|File)$/.test(obj[Symbol.toStringTag]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clone body given Res/Req instance
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed  instance  Response or Request instance
+ * @return  Mixed
+ */
+function clone(instance) {
+	let p1, p2;
+	let body = instance.body;
+
+	// don't allow cloning a used body
+	if (instance.bodyUsed) {
+		throw new Error('cannot clone body after it is used');
+	}
+
+	// check that body is a stream and not form-data object
+	// note: we can't clone the form-data object without having it as a dependency
+	if (body instanceof Stream && typeof body.getBoundary !== 'function') {
+		// tee instance body
+		p1 = new PassThrough();
+		p2 = new PassThrough();
+		body.pipe(p1);
+		body.pipe(p2);
+		// set instance body to teed body and return the other teed body
+		instance[INTERNALS].body = p1;
+		body = p2;
+	}
+
+	return body;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs the operation "extract a `Content-Type` value from |object|" as
+ * specified in the specification:
+ * https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-bodyinit-extract
+ *
+ * This function assumes that instance.body is present.
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed  instance  Any options.body input
+ */
+function extractContentType(body) {
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		return null;
+	} else if (typeof body === 'string') {
+		// body is string
+		return 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8';
+	} else if (isURLSearchParams(body)) {
+		// body is a URLSearchParams
+		return 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		// body is blob
+		return body.type || null;
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		return null;
+	} else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(body) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+		// body is ArrayBuffer
+		return null;
+	} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+		// body is ArrayBufferView
+		return null;
+	} else if (typeof body.getBoundary === 'function') {
+		// detect form data input from form-data module
+		return `multipart/form-data;boundary=${body.getBoundary()}`;
+	} else if (body instanceof Stream) {
+		// body is stream
+		// can't really do much about this
+		return null;
+	} else {
+		// Body constructor defaults other things to string
+		return 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8';
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Fetch Standard treats this as if "total bytes" is a property on the body.
+ * For us, we have to explicitly get it with a function.
+ *
+ * ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-body-total-bytes
+ *
+ * @param   Body    instance   Instance of Body
+ * @return  Number?            Number of bytes, or null if not possible
+ */
+function getTotalBytes(instance) {
+	const body = instance.body;
+
+
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		return 0;
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		return body.size;
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		return body.length;
+	} else if (body && typeof body.getLengthSync === 'function') {
+		// detect form data input from form-data module
+		if (body._lengthRetrievers && body._lengthRetrievers.length == 0 || // 1.x
+		body.hasKnownLength && body.hasKnownLength()) {
+			// 2.x
+			return body.getLengthSync();
+		}
+		return null;
+	} else {
+		// body is stream
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a Body to a Node.js WritableStream (e.g. http.Request) object.
+ *
+ * @param   Body    instance   Instance of Body
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+function writeToStream(dest, instance) {
+	const body = instance.body;
+
+
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		dest.end();
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		body.stream().pipe(dest);
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		dest.write(body);
+		dest.end();
+	} else {
+		// body is stream
+		body.pipe(dest);
+	}
+}
+
+// expose Promise
+Body.Promise = global.Promise;
+
+/**
+ * headers.js
+ *
+ * Headers class offers convenient helpers
+ */
+
+const invalidTokenRegex = /[^\^_`a-zA-Z\-0-9!#$%&'*+.|~]/;
+const invalidHeaderCharRegex = /[^\t\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]/;
+
+function validateName(name) {
+	name = `${name}`;
+	if (invalidTokenRegex.test(name) || name === '') {
+		throw new TypeError(`${name} is not a legal HTTP header name`);
+	}
+}
+
+function validateValue(value) {
+	value = `${value}`;
+	if (invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(value)) {
+		throw new TypeError(`${value} is not a legal HTTP header value`);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the key in the map object given a header name.
+ *
+ * Returns undefined if not found.
+ *
+ * @param   String  name  Header name
+ * @return  String|Undefined
+ */
+function find(map, name) {
+	name = name.toLowerCase();
+	for (const key in map) {
+		if (key.toLowerCase() === name) {
+			return key;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+const MAP = Symbol('map');
+class Headers {
+	/**
+  * Headers class
+  *
+  * @param   Object  headers  Response headers
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	constructor() {
+		let init = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : undefined;
+
+		this[MAP] = Object.create(null);
+
+		if (init instanceof Headers) {
+			const rawHeaders = init.raw();
+			const headerNames = Object.keys(rawHeaders);
+
+			for (const headerName of headerNames) {
+				for (const value of rawHeaders[headerName]) {
+					this.append(headerName, value);
+				}
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// We don't worry about converting prop to ByteString here as append()
+		// will handle it.
+		if (init == null) ; else if (typeof init === 'object') {
+			const method = init[Symbol.iterator];
+			if (method != null) {
+				if (typeof method !== 'function') {
+					throw new TypeError('Header pairs must be iterable');
+				}
+
+				// sequence<sequence<ByteString>>
+				// Note: per spec we have to first exhaust the lists then process them
+				const pairs = [];
+				for (const pair of init) {
+					if (typeof pair !== 'object' || typeof pair[Symbol.iterator] !== 'function') {
+						throw new TypeError('Each header pair must be iterable');
+					}
+					pairs.push(Array.from(pair));
+				}
+
+				for (const pair of pairs) {
+					if (pair.length !== 2) {
+						throw new TypeError('Each header pair must be a name/value tuple');
+					}
+					this.append(pair[0], pair[1]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				// record<ByteString, ByteString>
+				for (const key of Object.keys(init)) {
+					const value = init[key];
+					this.append(key, value);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			throw new TypeError('Provided initializer must be an object');
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Return combined header value given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name  Header name
+  * @return  Mixed
+  */
+	get(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key === undefined) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		return this[MAP][key].join(', ');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Iterate over all headers
+  *
+  * @param   Function  callback  Executed for each item with parameters (value, name, thisArg)
+  * @param   Boolean   thisArg   `this` context for callback function
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	forEach(callback) {
+		let thisArg = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+
+		let pairs = getHeaders(this);
+		let i = 0;
+		while (i < pairs.length) {
+			var _pairs$i = pairs[i];
+			const name = _pairs$i[0],
+			      value = _pairs$i[1];
+
+			callback.call(thisArg, value, name, this);
+			pairs = getHeaders(this);
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Overwrite header values given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name   Header name
+  * @param   String  value  Header value
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	set(name, value) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		value = `${value}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		validateValue(value);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		this[MAP][key !== undefined ? key : name] = [value];
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Append a value onto existing header
+  *
+  * @param   String  name   Header name
+  * @param   String  value  Header value
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	append(name, value) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		value = `${value}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		validateValue(value);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key !== undefined) {
+			this[MAP][key].push(value);
+		} else {
+			this[MAP][name] = [value];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Check for header name existence
+  *
+  * @param   String   name  Header name
+  * @return  Boolean
+  */
+	has(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		return find(this[MAP], name) !== undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Delete all header values given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name  Header name
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	delete(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key !== undefined) {
+			delete this[MAP][key];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Return raw headers (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Object
+  */
+	raw() {
+		return this[MAP];
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on keys.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	keys() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'key');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on values.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	values() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'value');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on entries.
+  *
+  * This is the default iterator of the Headers object.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	[Symbol.iterator]() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'key+value');
+	}
+}
+Headers.prototype.entries = Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator];
+
+Object.defineProperty(Headers.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Headers',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperties(Headers.prototype, {
+	get: { enumerable: true },
+	forEach: { enumerable: true },
+	set: { enumerable: true },
+	append: { enumerable: true },
+	has: { enumerable: true },
+	delete: { enumerable: true },
+	keys: { enumerable: true },
+	values: { enumerable: true },
+	entries: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+function getHeaders(headers) {
+	let kind = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 'key+value';
+
+	const keys = Object.keys(headers[MAP]).sort();
+	return keys.map(kind === 'key' ? function (k) {
+		return k.toLowerCase();
+	} : kind === 'value' ? function (k) {
+		return headers[MAP][k].join(', ');
+	} : function (k) {
+		return [k.toLowerCase(), headers[MAP][k].join(', ')];
+	});
+}
+
+const INTERNAL = Symbol('internal');
+
+function createHeadersIterator(target, kind) {
+	const iterator = Object.create(HeadersIteratorPrototype);
+	iterator[INTERNAL] = {
+		target,
+		kind,
+		index: 0
+	};
+	return iterator;
+}
+
+const HeadersIteratorPrototype = Object.setPrototypeOf({
+	next() {
+		// istanbul ignore if
+		if (!this || Object.getPrototypeOf(this) !== HeadersIteratorPrototype) {
+			throw new TypeError('Value of `this` is not a HeadersIterator');
+		}
+
+		var _INTERNAL = this[INTERNAL];
+		const target = _INTERNAL.target,
+		      kind = _INTERNAL.kind,
+		      index = _INTERNAL.index;
+
+		const values = getHeaders(target, kind);
+		const len = values.length;
+		if (index >= len) {
+			return {
+				value: undefined,
+				done: true
+			};
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNAL].index = index + 1;
+
+		return {
+			value: values[index],
+			done: false
+		};
+	}
+}, Object.getPrototypeOf(Object.getPrototypeOf([][Symbol.iterator]())));
+
+Object.defineProperty(HeadersIteratorPrototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'HeadersIterator',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * Export the Headers object in a form that Node.js can consume.
+ *
+ * @param   Headers  headers
+ * @return  Object
+ */
+function exportNodeCompatibleHeaders(headers) {
+	const obj = Object.assign({ __proto__: null }, headers[MAP]);
+
+	// http.request() only supports string as Host header. This hack makes
+	// specifying custom Host header possible.
+	const hostHeaderKey = find(headers[MAP], 'Host');
+	if (hostHeaderKey !== undefined) {
+		obj[hostHeaderKey] = obj[hostHeaderKey][0];
+	}
+
+	return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Headers object from an object of headers, ignoring those that do
+ * not conform to HTTP grammar productions.
+ *
+ * @param   Object  obj  Object of headers
+ * @return  Headers
+ */
+function createHeadersLenient(obj) {
+	const headers = new Headers();
+	for (const name of Object.keys(obj)) {
+		if (invalidTokenRegex.test(name)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (Array.isArray(obj[name])) {
+			for (const val of obj[name]) {
+				if (invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(val)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (headers[MAP][name] === undefined) {
+					headers[MAP][name] = [val];
+				} else {
+					headers[MAP][name].push(val);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (!invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(obj[name])) {
+			headers[MAP][name] = [obj[name]];
+		}
+	}
+	return headers;
+}
+
+const INTERNALS$1 = Symbol('Response internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "STATUS_CODES" aren't a named export for node <10
+const STATUS_CODES = http.STATUS_CODES;
+
+/**
+ * Response class
+ *
+ * @param   Stream  body  Readable stream
+ * @param   Object  opts  Response options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+class Response {
+	constructor() {
+		let body = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : null;
+		let opts = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+
+		Body.call(this, body, opts);
+
+		const status = opts.status || 200;
+		const headers = new Headers(opts.headers);
+
+		if (body != null && !headers.has('Content-Type')) {
+			const contentType = extractContentType(body);
+			if (contentType) {
+				headers.append('Content-Type', contentType);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNALS$1] = {
+			url: opts.url,
+			status,
+			statusText: opts.statusText || STATUS_CODES[status],
+			headers,
+			counter: opts.counter
+		};
+	}
+
+	get url() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].url || '';
+	}
+
+	get status() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].status;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Convenience property representing if the request ended normally
+  */
+	get ok() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].status >= 200 && this[INTERNALS$1].status < 300;
+	}
+
+	get redirected() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].counter > 0;
+	}
+
+	get statusText() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].statusText;
+	}
+
+	get headers() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].headers;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Clone this response
+  *
+  * @return  Response
+  */
+	clone() {
+		return new Response(clone(this), {
+			url: this.url,
+			status: this.status,
+			statusText: this.statusText,
+			headers: this.headers,
+			ok: this.ok,
+			redirected: this.redirected
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+Body.mixIn(Response.prototype);
+
+Object.defineProperties(Response.prototype, {
+	url: { enumerable: true },
+	status: { enumerable: true },
+	ok: { enumerable: true },
+	redirected: { enumerable: true },
+	statusText: { enumerable: true },
+	headers: { enumerable: true },
+	clone: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Response.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Response',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+const INTERNALS$2 = Symbol('Request internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "format", "parse" aren't a named export for node <10
+const parse_url = Url.parse;
+const format_url = Url.format;
+
+const streamDestructionSupported = 'destroy' in Stream.Readable.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Check if a value is an instance of Request.
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed   input
+ * @return  Boolean
+ */
+function isRequest(input) {
+	return typeof input === 'object' && typeof input[INTERNALS$2] === 'object';
+}
+
+function isAbortSignal(signal) {
+	const proto = signal && typeof signal === 'object' && Object.getPrototypeOf(signal);
+	return !!(proto && proto.constructor.name === 'AbortSignal');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Request class
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed   input  Url or Request instance
+ * @param   Object  init   Custom options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+class Request {
+	constructor(input) {
+		let init = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+
+		let parsedURL;
+
+		// normalize input
+		if (!isRequest(input)) {
+			if (input && input.href) {
+				// in order to support Node.js' Url objects; though WHATWG's URL objects
+				// will fall into this branch also (since their `toString()` will return
+				// `href` property anyway)
+				parsedURL = parse_url(input.href);
+			} else {
+				// coerce input to a string before attempting to parse
+				parsedURL = parse_url(`${input}`);
+			}
+			input = {};
+		} else {
+			parsedURL = parse_url(input.url);
+		}
+
+		let method = init.method || input.method || 'GET';
+		method = method.toUpperCase();
+
+		if ((init.body != null || isRequest(input) && input.body !== null) && (method === 'GET' || method === 'HEAD')) {
+			throw new TypeError('Request with GET/HEAD method cannot have body');
+		}
+
+		let inputBody = init.body != null ? init.body : isRequest(input) && input.body !== null ? clone(input) : null;
+
+		Body.call(this, inputBody, {
+			timeout: init.timeout || input.timeout || 0,
+			size: init.size || input.size || 0
+		});
+
+		const headers = new Headers(init.headers || input.headers || {});
+
+		if (inputBody != null && !headers.has('Content-Type')) {
+			const contentType = extractContentType(inputBody);
+			if (contentType) {
+				headers.append('Content-Type', contentType);
+			}
+		}
+
+		let signal = isRequest(input) ? input.signal : null;
+		if ('signal' in init) signal = init.signal;
+
+		if (signal != null && !isAbortSignal(signal)) {
+			throw new TypeError('Expected signal to be an instanceof AbortSignal');
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNALS$2] = {
+			method,
+			redirect: init.redirect || input.redirect || 'follow',
+			headers,
+			parsedURL,
+			signal
+		};
+
+		// node-fetch-only options
+		this.follow = init.follow !== undefined ? init.follow : input.follow !== undefined ? input.follow : 20;
+		this.compress = init.compress !== undefined ? init.compress : input.compress !== undefined ? input.compress : true;
+		this.counter = init.counter || input.counter || 0;
+		this.agent = init.agent || input.agent;
+	}
+
+	get method() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].method;
+	}
+
+	get url() {
+		return format_url(this[INTERNALS$2].parsedURL);
+	}
+
+	get headers() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].headers;
+	}
+
+	get redirect() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].redirect;
+	}
+
+	get signal() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].signal;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Clone this request
+  *
+  * @return  Request
+  */
+	clone() {
+		return new Request(this);
+	}
+}
+
+Body.mixIn(Request.prototype);
+
+Object.defineProperty(Request.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Request',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperties(Request.prototype, {
+	method: { enumerable: true },
+	url: { enumerable: true },
+	headers: { enumerable: true },
+	redirect: { enumerable: true },
+	clone: { enumerable: true },
+	signal: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Convert a Request to Node.js http request options.
+ *
+ * @param   Request  A Request instance
+ * @return  Object   The options object to be passed to http.request
+ */
+function getNodeRequestOptions(request) {
+	const parsedURL = request[INTERNALS$2].parsedURL;
+	const headers = new Headers(request[INTERNALS$2].headers);
+
+	// fetch step 1.3
+	if (!headers.has('Accept')) {
+		headers.set('Accept', '*/*');
+	}
+
+	// Basic fetch
+	if (!parsedURL.protocol || !parsedURL.hostname) {
+		throw new TypeError('Only absolute URLs are supported');
+	}
+
+	if (!/^https?:$/.test(parsedURL.protocol)) {
+		throw new TypeError('Only HTTP(S) protocols are supported');
+	}
+
+	if (request.signal && request.body instanceof Stream.Readable && !streamDestructionSupported) {
+		throw new Error('Cancellation of streamed requests with AbortSignal is not supported in node < 8');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch steps 2.4-2.7
+	let contentLengthValue = null;
+	if (request.body == null && /^(POST|PUT)$/i.test(request.method)) {
+		contentLengthValue = '0';
+	}
+	if (request.body != null) {
+		const totalBytes = getTotalBytes(request);
+		if (typeof totalBytes === 'number') {
+			contentLengthValue = String(totalBytes);
+		}
+	}
+	if (contentLengthValue) {
+		headers.set('Content-Length', contentLengthValue);
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch step 2.11
+	if (!headers.has('User-Agent')) {
+		headers.set('User-Agent', 'node-fetch/1.0 (+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch)');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch step 2.15
+	if (request.compress && !headers.has('Accept-Encoding')) {
+		headers.set('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip,deflate');
+	}
+
+	let agent = request.agent;
+	if (typeof agent === 'function') {
+		agent = agent(parsedURL);
+	}
+
+	if (!headers.has('Connection') && !agent) {
+		headers.set('Connection', 'close');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network fetch step 4.2
+	// chunked encoding is handled by Node.js
+
+	return Object.assign({}, parsedURL, {
+		method: request.method,
+		headers: exportNodeCompatibleHeaders(headers),
+		agent
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * abort-error.js
+ *
+ * AbortError interface for cancelled requests
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create AbortError instance
+ *
+ * @param   String      message      Error message for human
+ * @return  AbortError
+ */
+function AbortError(message) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+
+  this.type = 'aborted';
+  this.message = message;
+
+  // hide custom error implementation details from end-users
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+}
+
+AbortError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+AbortError.prototype.constructor = AbortError;
+AbortError.prototype.name = 'AbortError';
+
+// fix an issue where "PassThrough", "resolve" aren't a named export for node <10
+const PassThrough$1 = Stream.PassThrough;
+const resolve_url = Url.resolve;
+
+/**
+ * Fetch function
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed    url   Absolute url or Request instance
+ * @param   Object   opts  Fetch options
+ * @return  Promise
+ */
+function fetch(url, opts) {
+
+	// allow custom promise
+	if (!fetch.Promise) {
+		throw new Error('native promise missing, set fetch.Promise to your favorite alternative');
+	}
+
+	Body.Promise = fetch.Promise;
+
+	// wrap http.request into fetch
+	return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+		// build request object
+		const request = new Request(url, opts);
+		const options = getNodeRequestOptions(request);
+
+		const send = (options.protocol === 'https:' ? https : http).request;
+		const signal = request.signal;
+
+		let response = null;
+
+		const abort = function abort() {
+			let error = new AbortError('The user aborted a request.');
+			reject(error);
+			if (request.body && request.body instanceof Stream.Readable) {
+				request.body.destroy(error);
+			}
+			if (!response || !response.body) return;
+			response.body.emit('error', error);
+		};
+
+		if (signal && signal.aborted) {
+			abort();
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const abortAndFinalize = function abortAndFinalize() {
+			abort();
+			finalize();
+		};
+
+		// send request
+		const req = send(options);
+		let reqTimeout;
+
+		if (signal) {
+			signal.addEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+		}
+
+		function finalize() {
+			req.abort();
+			if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+			clearTimeout(reqTimeout);
+		}
+
+		if (request.timeout) {
+			req.once('socket', function (socket) {
+				reqTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+					reject(new FetchError(`network timeout at: ${request.url}`, 'request-timeout'));
+					finalize();
+				}, request.timeout);
+			});
+		}
+
+		req.on('error', function (err) {
+			reject(new FetchError(`request to ${request.url} failed, reason: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			finalize();
+		});
+
+		req.on('response', function (res) {
+			clearTimeout(reqTimeout);
+
+			const headers = createHeadersLenient(res.headers);
+
+			// HTTP fetch step 5
+			if (fetch.isRedirect(res.statusCode)) {
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.2
+				const location = headers.get('Location');
+
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.3
+				const locationURL = location === null ? null : resolve_url(request.url, location);
+
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.5
+				switch (request.redirect) {
+					case 'error':
+						reject(new FetchError(`uri requested responds with a redirect, redirect mode is set to error: ${request.url}`, 'no-redirect'));
+						finalize();
+						return;
+					case 'manual':
+						// node-fetch-specific step: make manual redirect a bit easier to use by setting the Location header value to the resolved URL.
+						if (locationURL !== null) {
+							// handle corrupted header
+							try {
+								headers.set('Location', locationURL);
+							} catch (err) {
+								// istanbul ignore next: nodejs server prevent invalid response headers, we can't test this through normal request
+								reject(err);
+							}
+						}
+						break;
+					case 'follow':
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 2
+						if (locationURL === null) {
+							break;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 5
+						if (request.counter >= request.follow) {
+							reject(new FetchError(`maximum redirect reached at: ${request.url}`, 'max-redirect'));
+							finalize();
+							return;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 6 (counter increment)
+						// Create a new Request object.
+						const requestOpts = {
+							headers: new Headers(request.headers),
+							follow: request.follow,
+							counter: request.counter + 1,
+							agent: request.agent,
+							compress: request.compress,
+							method: request.method,
+							body: request.body,
+							signal: request.signal,
+							timeout: request.timeout,
+							size: request.size
+						};
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 9
+						if (res.statusCode !== 303 && request.body && getTotalBytes(request) === null) {
+							reject(new FetchError('Cannot follow redirect with body being a readable stream', 'unsupported-redirect'));
+							finalize();
+							return;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 11
+						if (res.statusCode === 303 || (res.statusCode === 301 || res.statusCode === 302) && request.method === 'POST') {
+							requestOpts.method = 'GET';
+							requestOpts.body = undefined;
+							requestOpts.headers.delete('content-length');
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 15
+						resolve(fetch(new Request(locationURL, requestOpts)));
+						finalize();
+						return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// prepare response
+			res.once('end', function () {
+				if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+			});
+			let body = res.pipe(new PassThrough$1());
+
+			const response_options = {
+				url: request.url,
+				status: res.statusCode,
+				statusText: res.statusMessage,
+				headers: headers,
+				size: request.size,
+				timeout: request.timeout,
+				counter: request.counter
+			};
+
+			// HTTP-network fetch step 12.1.1.3
+			const codings = headers.get('Content-Encoding');
+
+			// HTTP-network fetch step 12.1.1.4: handle content codings
+
+			// in following scenarios we ignore compression support
+			// 1. compression support is disabled
+			// 2. HEAD request
+			// 3. no Content-Encoding header
+			// 4. no content response (204)
+			// 5. content not modified response (304)
+			if (!request.compress || request.method === 'HEAD' || codings === null || res.statusCode === 204 || res.statusCode === 304) {
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// For Node v6+
+			// Be less strict when decoding compressed responses, since sometimes
+			// servers send slightly invalid responses that are still accepted
+			// by common browsers.
+			// Always using Z_SYNC_FLUSH is what cURL does.
+			const zlibOptions = {
+				flush: zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH,
+				finishFlush: zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH
+			};
+
+			// for gzip
+			if (codings == 'gzip' || codings == 'x-gzip') {
+				body = body.pipe(zlib.createGunzip(zlibOptions));
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// for deflate
+			if (codings == 'deflate' || codings == 'x-deflate') {
+				// handle the infamous raw deflate response from old servers
+				// a hack for old IIS and Apache servers
+				const raw = res.pipe(new PassThrough$1());
+				raw.once('data', function (chunk) {
+					// see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37519828
+					if ((chunk[0] & 0x0F) === 0x08) {
+						body = body.pipe(zlib.createInflate());
+					} else {
+						body = body.pipe(zlib.createInflateRaw());
+					}
+					response = new Response(body, response_options);
+					resolve(response);
+				});
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// for br
+			if (codings == 'br' && typeof zlib.createBrotliDecompress === 'function') {
+				body = body.pipe(zlib.createBrotliDecompress());
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// otherwise, use response as-is
+			response = new Response(body, response_options);
+			resolve(response);
+		});
+
+		writeToStream(req, request);
+	});
+}
+/**
+ * Redirect code matching
+ *
+ * @param   Number   code  Status code
+ * @return  Boolean
+ */
+fetch.isRedirect = function (code) {
+	return code === 301 || code === 302 || code === 303 || code === 307 || code === 308;
+};
+
+// expose Promise
+fetch.Promise = global.Promise;
+
+export default fetch;
+export { Headers, Request, Response, FetchError };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b241bfbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1649 @@
+'use strict';
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
+
+function _interopDefault (ex) { return (ex && (typeof ex === 'object') && 'default' in ex) ? ex['default'] : ex; }
+
+var Stream = _interopDefault(require('stream'));
+var http = _interopDefault(require('http'));
+var Url = _interopDefault(require('url'));
+var https = _interopDefault(require('https'));
+var zlib = _interopDefault(require('zlib'));
+
+// Based on https://github.com/tmpvar/jsdom/blob/aa85b2abf07766ff7bf5c1f6daafb3726f2f2db5/lib/jsdom/living/blob.js
+
+// fix for "Readable" isn't a named export issue
+const Readable = Stream.Readable;
+
+const BUFFER = Symbol('buffer');
+const TYPE = Symbol('type');
+
+class Blob {
+	constructor() {
+		this[TYPE] = '';
+
+		const blobParts = arguments[0];
+		const options = arguments[1];
+
+		const buffers = [];
+		let size = 0;
+
+		if (blobParts) {
+			const a = blobParts;
+			const length = Number(a.length);
+			for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+				const element = a[i];
+				let buffer;
+				if (element instanceof Buffer) {
+					buffer = element;
+				} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(element)) {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(element.buffer, element.byteOffset, element.byteLength);
+				} else if (element instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(element);
+				} else if (element instanceof Blob) {
+					buffer = element[BUFFER];
+				} else {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(typeof element === 'string' ? element : String(element));
+				}
+				size += buffer.length;
+				buffers.push(buffer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this[BUFFER] = Buffer.concat(buffers);
+
+		let type = options && options.type !== undefined && String(options.type).toLowerCase();
+		if (type && !/[^\u0020-\u007E]/.test(type)) {
+			this[TYPE] = type;
+		}
+	}
+	get size() {
+		return this[BUFFER].length;
+	}
+	get type() {
+		return this[TYPE];
+	}
+	text() {
+		return Promise.resolve(this[BUFFER].toString());
+	}
+	arrayBuffer() {
+		const buf = this[BUFFER];
+		const ab = buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
+		return Promise.resolve(ab);
+	}
+	stream() {
+		const readable = new Readable();
+		readable._read = function () {};
+		readable.push(this[BUFFER]);
+		readable.push(null);
+		return readable;
+	}
+	toString() {
+		return '[object Blob]';
+	}
+	slice() {
+		const size = this.size;
+
+		const start = arguments[0];
+		const end = arguments[1];
+		let relativeStart, relativeEnd;
+		if (start === undefined) {
+			relativeStart = 0;
+		} else if (start < 0) {
+			relativeStart = Math.max(size + start, 0);
+		} else {
+			relativeStart = Math.min(start, size);
+		}
+		if (end === undefined) {
+			relativeEnd = size;
+		} else if (end < 0) {
+			relativeEnd = Math.max(size + end, 0);
+		} else {
+			relativeEnd = Math.min(end, size);
+		}
+		const span = Math.max(relativeEnd - relativeStart, 0);
+
+		const buffer = this[BUFFER];
+		const slicedBuffer = buffer.slice(relativeStart, relativeStart + span);
+		const blob = new Blob([], { type: arguments[2] });
+		blob[BUFFER] = slicedBuffer;
+		return blob;
+	}
+}
+
+Object.defineProperties(Blob.prototype, {
+	size: { enumerable: true },
+	type: { enumerable: true },
+	slice: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Blob.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Blob',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * fetch-error.js
+ *
+ * FetchError interface for operational errors
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create FetchError instance
+ *
+ * @param   String      message      Error message for human
+ * @param   String      type         Error type for machine
+ * @param   String      systemError  For Node.js system error
+ * @return  FetchError
+ */
+function FetchError(message, type, systemError) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+
+  this.message = message;
+  this.type = type;
+
+  // when err.type is `system`, err.code contains system error code
+  if (systemError) {
+    this.code = this.errno = systemError.code;
+  }
+
+  // hide custom error implementation details from end-users
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+}
+
+FetchError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+FetchError.prototype.constructor = FetchError;
+FetchError.prototype.name = 'FetchError';
+
+let convert;
+try {
+	convert = require('encoding').convert;
+} catch (e) {}
+
+const INTERNALS = Symbol('Body internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "PassThrough" isn't a named export for node <10
+const PassThrough = Stream.PassThrough;
+
+/**
+ * Body mixin
+ *
+ * Ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#body
+ *
+ * @param   Stream  body  Readable stream
+ * @param   Object  opts  Response options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+function Body(body) {
+	var _this = this;
+
+	var _ref = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},
+	    _ref$size = _ref.size;
+
+	let size = _ref$size === undefined ? 0 : _ref$size;
+	var _ref$timeout = _ref.timeout;
+	let timeout = _ref$timeout === undefined ? 0 : _ref$timeout;
+
+	if (body == null) {
+		// body is undefined or null
+		body = null;
+	} else if (isURLSearchParams(body)) {
+		// body is a URLSearchParams
+		body = Buffer.from(body.toString());
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) ; else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) ; else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(body) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+		// body is ArrayBuffer
+		body = Buffer.from(body);
+	} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+		// body is ArrayBufferView
+		body = Buffer.from(body.buffer, body.byteOffset, body.byteLength);
+	} else if (body instanceof Stream) ; else {
+		// none of the above
+		// coerce to string then buffer
+		body = Buffer.from(String(body));
+	}
+	this[INTERNALS] = {
+		body,
+		disturbed: false,
+		error: null
+	};
+	this.size = size;
+	this.timeout = timeout;
+
+	if (body instanceof Stream) {
+		body.on('error', function (err) {
+			const error = err.name === 'AbortError' ? err : new FetchError(`Invalid response body while trying to fetch ${_this.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err);
+			_this[INTERNALS].error = error;
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+Body.prototype = {
+	get body() {
+		return this[INTERNALS].body;
+	},
+
+	get bodyUsed() {
+		return this[INTERNALS].disturbed;
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as ArrayBuffer
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	arrayBuffer() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buf) {
+			return buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Return raw response as Blob
+  *
+  * @return Promise
+  */
+	blob() {
+		let ct = this.headers && this.headers.get('content-type') || '';
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buf) {
+			return Object.assign(
+			// Prevent copying
+			new Blob([], {
+				type: ct.toLowerCase()
+			}), {
+				[BUFFER]: buf
+			});
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as json
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	json() {
+		var _this2 = this;
+
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			try {
+				return JSON.parse(buffer.toString());
+			} catch (err) {
+				return Body.Promise.reject(new FetchError(`invalid json response body at ${_this2.url} reason: ${err.message}`, 'invalid-json'));
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as text
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	text() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			return buffer.toString();
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as buffer (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	buffer() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this);
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as text, while automatically detecting the encoding and
+  * trying to decode to UTF-8 (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	textConverted() {
+		var _this3 = this;
+
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			return convertBody(buffer, _this3.headers);
+		});
+	}
+};
+
+// In browsers, all properties are enumerable.
+Object.defineProperties(Body.prototype, {
+	body: { enumerable: true },
+	bodyUsed: { enumerable: true },
+	arrayBuffer: { enumerable: true },
+	blob: { enumerable: true },
+	json: { enumerable: true },
+	text: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Body.mixIn = function (proto) {
+	for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Body.prototype)) {
+		// istanbul ignore else: future proof
+		if (!(name in proto)) {
+			const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Body.prototype, name);
+			Object.defineProperty(proto, name, desc);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * Consume and convert an entire Body to a Buffer.
+ *
+ * Ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-body-consume-body
+ *
+ * @return  Promise
+ */
+function consumeBody() {
+	var _this4 = this;
+
+	if (this[INTERNALS].disturbed) {
+		return Body.Promise.reject(new TypeError(`body used already for: ${this.url}`));
+	}
+
+	this[INTERNALS].disturbed = true;
+
+	if (this[INTERNALS].error) {
+		return Body.Promise.reject(this[INTERNALS].error);
+	}
+
+	let body = this.body;
+
+	// body is null
+	if (body === null) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(Buffer.alloc(0));
+	}
+
+	// body is blob
+	if (isBlob(body)) {
+		body = body.stream();
+	}
+
+	// body is buffer
+	if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(body);
+	}
+
+	// istanbul ignore if: should never happen
+	if (!(body instanceof Stream)) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(Buffer.alloc(0));
+	}
+
+	// body is stream
+	// get ready to actually consume the body
+	let accum = [];
+	let accumBytes = 0;
+	let abort = false;
+
+	return new Body.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+		let resTimeout;
+
+		// allow timeout on slow response body
+		if (_this4.timeout) {
+			resTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+				abort = true;
+				reject(new FetchError(`Response timeout while trying to fetch ${_this4.url} (over ${_this4.timeout}ms)`, 'body-timeout'));
+			}, _this4.timeout);
+		}
+
+		// handle stream errors
+		body.on('error', function (err) {
+			if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
+				// if the request was aborted, reject with this Error
+				abort = true;
+				reject(err);
+			} else {
+				// other errors, such as incorrect content-encoding
+				reject(new FetchError(`Invalid response body while trying to fetch ${_this4.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			}
+		});
+
+		body.on('data', function (chunk) {
+			if (abort || chunk === null) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (_this4.size && accumBytes + chunk.length > _this4.size) {
+				abort = true;
+				reject(new FetchError(`content size at ${_this4.url} over limit: ${_this4.size}`, 'max-size'));
+				return;
+			}
+
+			accumBytes += chunk.length;
+			accum.push(chunk);
+		});
+
+		body.on('end', function () {
+			if (abort) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			clearTimeout(resTimeout);
+
+			try {
+				resolve(Buffer.concat(accum, accumBytes));
+			} catch (err) {
+				// handle streams that have accumulated too much data (issue #414)
+				reject(new FetchError(`Could not create Buffer from response body for ${_this4.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			}
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect buffer encoding and convert to target encoding
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding
+ *
+ * @param   Buffer  buffer    Incoming buffer
+ * @param   String  encoding  Target encoding
+ * @return  String
+ */
+function convertBody(buffer, headers) {
+	if (typeof convert !== 'function') {
+		throw new Error('The package `encoding` must be installed to use the textConverted() function');
+	}
+
+	const ct = headers.get('content-type');
+	let charset = 'utf-8';
+	let res, str;
+
+	// header
+	if (ct) {
+		res = /charset=([^;]*)/i.exec(ct);
+	}
+
+	// no charset in content type, peek at response body for at most 1024 bytes
+	str = buffer.slice(0, 1024).toString();
+
+	// html5
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<meta.+?charset=(['"])(.+?)\1/i.exec(str);
+	}
+
+	// html4
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<meta[\s]+?http-equiv=(['"])content-type\1[\s]+?content=(['"])(.+?)\2/i.exec(str);
+		if (!res) {
+			res = /<meta[\s]+?content=(['"])(.+?)\1[\s]+?http-equiv=(['"])content-type\3/i.exec(str);
+			if (res) {
+				res.pop(); // drop last quote
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (res) {
+			res = /charset=(.*)/i.exec(res.pop());
+		}
+	}
+
+	// xml
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<\?xml.+?encoding=(['"])(.+?)\1/i.exec(str);
+	}
+
+	// found charset
+	if (res) {
+		charset = res.pop();
+
+		// prevent decode issues when sites use incorrect encoding
+		// ref: https://hsivonen.fi/encoding-menu/
+		if (charset === 'gb2312' || charset === 'gbk') {
+			charset = 'gb18030';
+		}
+	}
+
+	// turn raw buffers into a single utf-8 buffer
+	return convert(buffer, 'UTF-8', charset).toString();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect a URLSearchParams object
+ * ref: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/296#issuecomment-307598143
+ *
+ * @param   Object  obj     Object to detect by type or brand
+ * @return  String
+ */
+function isURLSearchParams(obj) {
+	// Duck-typing as a necessary condition.
+	if (typeof obj !== 'object' || typeof obj.append !== 'function' || typeof obj.delete !== 'function' || typeof obj.get !== 'function' || typeof obj.getAll !== 'function' || typeof obj.has !== 'function' || typeof obj.set !== 'function') {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Brand-checking and more duck-typing as optional condition.
+	return obj.constructor.name === 'URLSearchParams' || Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object URLSearchParams]' || typeof obj.sort === 'function';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if `obj` is a W3C `Blob` object (which `File` inherits from)
+ * @param  {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function isBlob(obj) {
+	return typeof obj === 'object' && typeof obj.arrayBuffer === 'function' && typeof obj.type === 'string' && typeof obj.stream === 'function' && typeof obj.constructor === 'function' && typeof obj.constructor.name === 'string' && /^(Blob|File)$/.test(obj.constructor.name) && /^(Blob|File)$/.test(obj[Symbol.toStringTag]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clone body given Res/Req instance
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed  instance  Response or Request instance
+ * @return  Mixed
+ */
+function clone(instance) {
+	let p1, p2;
+	let body = instance.body;
+
+	// don't allow cloning a used body
+	if (instance.bodyUsed) {
+		throw new Error('cannot clone body after it is used');
+	}
+
+	// check that body is a stream and not form-data object
+	// note: we can't clone the form-data object without having it as a dependency
+	if (body instanceof Stream && typeof body.getBoundary !== 'function') {
+		// tee instance body
+		p1 = new PassThrough();
+		p2 = new PassThrough();
+		body.pipe(p1);
+		body.pipe(p2);
+		// set instance body to teed body and return the other teed body
+		instance[INTERNALS].body = p1;
+		body = p2;
+	}
+
+	return body;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs the operation "extract a `Content-Type` value from |object|" as
+ * specified in the specification:
+ * https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-bodyinit-extract
+ *
+ * This function assumes that instance.body is present.
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed  instance  Any options.body input
+ */
+function extractContentType(body) {
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		return null;
+	} else if (typeof body === 'string') {
+		// body is string
+		return 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8';
+	} else if (isURLSearchParams(body)) {
+		// body is a URLSearchParams
+		return 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		// body is blob
+		return body.type || null;
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		return null;
+	} else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(body) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+		// body is ArrayBuffer
+		return null;
+	} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+		// body is ArrayBufferView
+		return null;
+	} else if (typeof body.getBoundary === 'function') {
+		// detect form data input from form-data module
+		return `multipart/form-data;boundary=${body.getBoundary()}`;
+	} else if (body instanceof Stream) {
+		// body is stream
+		// can't really do much about this
+		return null;
+	} else {
+		// Body constructor defaults other things to string
+		return 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8';
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Fetch Standard treats this as if "total bytes" is a property on the body.
+ * For us, we have to explicitly get it with a function.
+ *
+ * ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-body-total-bytes
+ *
+ * @param   Body    instance   Instance of Body
+ * @return  Number?            Number of bytes, or null if not possible
+ */
+function getTotalBytes(instance) {
+	const body = instance.body;
+
+
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		return 0;
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		return body.size;
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		return body.length;
+	} else if (body && typeof body.getLengthSync === 'function') {
+		// detect form data input from form-data module
+		if (body._lengthRetrievers && body._lengthRetrievers.length == 0 || // 1.x
+		body.hasKnownLength && body.hasKnownLength()) {
+			// 2.x
+			return body.getLengthSync();
+		}
+		return null;
+	} else {
+		// body is stream
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a Body to a Node.js WritableStream (e.g. http.Request) object.
+ *
+ * @param   Body    instance   Instance of Body
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+function writeToStream(dest, instance) {
+	const body = instance.body;
+
+
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		dest.end();
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		body.stream().pipe(dest);
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		dest.write(body);
+		dest.end();
+	} else {
+		// body is stream
+		body.pipe(dest);
+	}
+}
+
+// expose Promise
+Body.Promise = global.Promise;
+
+/**
+ * headers.js
+ *
+ * Headers class offers convenient helpers
+ */
+
+const invalidTokenRegex = /[^\^_`a-zA-Z\-0-9!#$%&'*+.|~]/;
+const invalidHeaderCharRegex = /[^\t\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]/;
+
+function validateName(name) {
+	name = `${name}`;
+	if (invalidTokenRegex.test(name) || name === '') {
+		throw new TypeError(`${name} is not a legal HTTP header name`);
+	}
+}
+
+function validateValue(value) {
+	value = `${value}`;
+	if (invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(value)) {
+		throw new TypeError(`${value} is not a legal HTTP header value`);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the key in the map object given a header name.
+ *
+ * Returns undefined if not found.
+ *
+ * @param   String  name  Header name
+ * @return  String|Undefined
+ */
+function find(map, name) {
+	name = name.toLowerCase();
+	for (const key in map) {
+		if (key.toLowerCase() === name) {
+			return key;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+const MAP = Symbol('map');
+class Headers {
+	/**
+  * Headers class
+  *
+  * @param   Object  headers  Response headers
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	constructor() {
+		let init = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : undefined;
+
+		this[MAP] = Object.create(null);
+
+		if (init instanceof Headers) {
+			const rawHeaders = init.raw();
+			const headerNames = Object.keys(rawHeaders);
+
+			for (const headerName of headerNames) {
+				for (const value of rawHeaders[headerName]) {
+					this.append(headerName, value);
+				}
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// We don't worry about converting prop to ByteString here as append()
+		// will handle it.
+		if (init == null) ; else if (typeof init === 'object') {
+			const method = init[Symbol.iterator];
+			if (method != null) {
+				if (typeof method !== 'function') {
+					throw new TypeError('Header pairs must be iterable');
+				}
+
+				// sequence<sequence<ByteString>>
+				// Note: per spec we have to first exhaust the lists then process them
+				const pairs = [];
+				for (const pair of init) {
+					if (typeof pair !== 'object' || typeof pair[Symbol.iterator] !== 'function') {
+						throw new TypeError('Each header pair must be iterable');
+					}
+					pairs.push(Array.from(pair));
+				}
+
+				for (const pair of pairs) {
+					if (pair.length !== 2) {
+						throw new TypeError('Each header pair must be a name/value tuple');
+					}
+					this.append(pair[0], pair[1]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				// record<ByteString, ByteString>
+				for (const key of Object.keys(init)) {
+					const value = init[key];
+					this.append(key, value);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			throw new TypeError('Provided initializer must be an object');
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Return combined header value given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name  Header name
+  * @return  Mixed
+  */
+	get(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key === undefined) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		return this[MAP][key].join(', ');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Iterate over all headers
+  *
+  * @param   Function  callback  Executed for each item with parameters (value, name, thisArg)
+  * @param   Boolean   thisArg   `this` context for callback function
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	forEach(callback) {
+		let thisArg = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+
+		let pairs = getHeaders(this);
+		let i = 0;
+		while (i < pairs.length) {
+			var _pairs$i = pairs[i];
+			const name = _pairs$i[0],
+			      value = _pairs$i[1];
+
+			callback.call(thisArg, value, name, this);
+			pairs = getHeaders(this);
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Overwrite header values given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name   Header name
+  * @param   String  value  Header value
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	set(name, value) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		value = `${value}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		validateValue(value);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		this[MAP][key !== undefined ? key : name] = [value];
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Append a value onto existing header
+  *
+  * @param   String  name   Header name
+  * @param   String  value  Header value
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	append(name, value) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		value = `${value}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		validateValue(value);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key !== undefined) {
+			this[MAP][key].push(value);
+		} else {
+			this[MAP][name] = [value];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Check for header name existence
+  *
+  * @param   String   name  Header name
+  * @return  Boolean
+  */
+	has(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		return find(this[MAP], name) !== undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Delete all header values given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name  Header name
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	delete(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key !== undefined) {
+			delete this[MAP][key];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Return raw headers (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Object
+  */
+	raw() {
+		return this[MAP];
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on keys.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	keys() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'key');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on values.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	values() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'value');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on entries.
+  *
+  * This is the default iterator of the Headers object.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	[Symbol.iterator]() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'key+value');
+	}
+}
+Headers.prototype.entries = Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator];
+
+Object.defineProperty(Headers.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Headers',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperties(Headers.prototype, {
+	get: { enumerable: true },
+	forEach: { enumerable: true },
+	set: { enumerable: true },
+	append: { enumerable: true },
+	has: { enumerable: true },
+	delete: { enumerable: true },
+	keys: { enumerable: true },
+	values: { enumerable: true },
+	entries: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+function getHeaders(headers) {
+	let kind = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 'key+value';
+
+	const keys = Object.keys(headers[MAP]).sort();
+	return keys.map(kind === 'key' ? function (k) {
+		return k.toLowerCase();
+	} : kind === 'value' ? function (k) {
+		return headers[MAP][k].join(', ');
+	} : function (k) {
+		return [k.toLowerCase(), headers[MAP][k].join(', ')];
+	});
+}
+
+const INTERNAL = Symbol('internal');
+
+function createHeadersIterator(target, kind) {
+	const iterator = Object.create(HeadersIteratorPrototype);
+	iterator[INTERNAL] = {
+		target,
+		kind,
+		index: 0
+	};
+	return iterator;
+}
+
+const HeadersIteratorPrototype = Object.setPrototypeOf({
+	next() {
+		// istanbul ignore if
+		if (!this || Object.getPrototypeOf(this) !== HeadersIteratorPrototype) {
+			throw new TypeError('Value of `this` is not a HeadersIterator');
+		}
+
+		var _INTERNAL = this[INTERNAL];
+		const target = _INTERNAL.target,
+		      kind = _INTERNAL.kind,
+		      index = _INTERNAL.index;
+
+		const values = getHeaders(target, kind);
+		const len = values.length;
+		if (index >= len) {
+			return {
+				value: undefined,
+				done: true
+			};
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNAL].index = index + 1;
+
+		return {
+			value: values[index],
+			done: false
+		};
+	}
+}, Object.getPrototypeOf(Object.getPrototypeOf([][Symbol.iterator]())));
+
+Object.defineProperty(HeadersIteratorPrototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'HeadersIterator',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * Export the Headers object in a form that Node.js can consume.
+ *
+ * @param   Headers  headers
+ * @return  Object
+ */
+function exportNodeCompatibleHeaders(headers) {
+	const obj = Object.assign({ __proto__: null }, headers[MAP]);
+
+	// http.request() only supports string as Host header. This hack makes
+	// specifying custom Host header possible.
+	const hostHeaderKey = find(headers[MAP], 'Host');
+	if (hostHeaderKey !== undefined) {
+		obj[hostHeaderKey] = obj[hostHeaderKey][0];
+	}
+
+	return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Headers object from an object of headers, ignoring those that do
+ * not conform to HTTP grammar productions.
+ *
+ * @param   Object  obj  Object of headers
+ * @return  Headers
+ */
+function createHeadersLenient(obj) {
+	const headers = new Headers();
+	for (const name of Object.keys(obj)) {
+		if (invalidTokenRegex.test(name)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (Array.isArray(obj[name])) {
+			for (const val of obj[name]) {
+				if (invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(val)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (headers[MAP][name] === undefined) {
+					headers[MAP][name] = [val];
+				} else {
+					headers[MAP][name].push(val);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (!invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(obj[name])) {
+			headers[MAP][name] = [obj[name]];
+		}
+	}
+	return headers;
+}
+
+const INTERNALS$1 = Symbol('Response internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "STATUS_CODES" aren't a named export for node <10
+const STATUS_CODES = http.STATUS_CODES;
+
+/**
+ * Response class
+ *
+ * @param   Stream  body  Readable stream
+ * @param   Object  opts  Response options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+class Response {
+	constructor() {
+		let body = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : null;
+		let opts = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+
+		Body.call(this, body, opts);
+
+		const status = opts.status || 200;
+		const headers = new Headers(opts.headers);
+
+		if (body != null && !headers.has('Content-Type')) {
+			const contentType = extractContentType(body);
+			if (contentType) {
+				headers.append('Content-Type', contentType);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNALS$1] = {
+			url: opts.url,
+			status,
+			statusText: opts.statusText || STATUS_CODES[status],
+			headers,
+			counter: opts.counter
+		};
+	}
+
+	get url() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].url || '';
+	}
+
+	get status() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].status;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Convenience property representing if the request ended normally
+  */
+	get ok() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].status >= 200 && this[INTERNALS$1].status < 300;
+	}
+
+	get redirected() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].counter > 0;
+	}
+
+	get statusText() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].statusText;
+	}
+
+	get headers() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].headers;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Clone this response
+  *
+  * @return  Response
+  */
+	clone() {
+		return new Response(clone(this), {
+			url: this.url,
+			status: this.status,
+			statusText: this.statusText,
+			headers: this.headers,
+			ok: this.ok,
+			redirected: this.redirected
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+Body.mixIn(Response.prototype);
+
+Object.defineProperties(Response.prototype, {
+	url: { enumerable: true },
+	status: { enumerable: true },
+	ok: { enumerable: true },
+	redirected: { enumerable: true },
+	statusText: { enumerable: true },
+	headers: { enumerable: true },
+	clone: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Response.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Response',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+const INTERNALS$2 = Symbol('Request internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "format", "parse" aren't a named export for node <10
+const parse_url = Url.parse;
+const format_url = Url.format;
+
+const streamDestructionSupported = 'destroy' in Stream.Readable.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Check if a value is an instance of Request.
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed   input
+ * @return  Boolean
+ */
+function isRequest(input) {
+	return typeof input === 'object' && typeof input[INTERNALS$2] === 'object';
+}
+
+function isAbortSignal(signal) {
+	const proto = signal && typeof signal === 'object' && Object.getPrototypeOf(signal);
+	return !!(proto && proto.constructor.name === 'AbortSignal');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Request class
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed   input  Url or Request instance
+ * @param   Object  init   Custom options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+class Request {
+	constructor(input) {
+		let init = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+
+		let parsedURL;
+
+		// normalize input
+		if (!isRequest(input)) {
+			if (input && input.href) {
+				// in order to support Node.js' Url objects; though WHATWG's URL objects
+				// will fall into this branch also (since their `toString()` will return
+				// `href` property anyway)
+				parsedURL = parse_url(input.href);
+			} else {
+				// coerce input to a string before attempting to parse
+				parsedURL = parse_url(`${input}`);
+			}
+			input = {};
+		} else {
+			parsedURL = parse_url(input.url);
+		}
+
+		let method = init.method || input.method || 'GET';
+		method = method.toUpperCase();
+
+		if ((init.body != null || isRequest(input) && input.body !== null) && (method === 'GET' || method === 'HEAD')) {
+			throw new TypeError('Request with GET/HEAD method cannot have body');
+		}
+
+		let inputBody = init.body != null ? init.body : isRequest(input) && input.body !== null ? clone(input) : null;
+
+		Body.call(this, inputBody, {
+			timeout: init.timeout || input.timeout || 0,
+			size: init.size || input.size || 0
+		});
+
+		const headers = new Headers(init.headers || input.headers || {});
+
+		if (inputBody != null && !headers.has('Content-Type')) {
+			const contentType = extractContentType(inputBody);
+			if (contentType) {
+				headers.append('Content-Type', contentType);
+			}
+		}
+
+		let signal = isRequest(input) ? input.signal : null;
+		if ('signal' in init) signal = init.signal;
+
+		if (signal != null && !isAbortSignal(signal)) {
+			throw new TypeError('Expected signal to be an instanceof AbortSignal');
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNALS$2] = {
+			method,
+			redirect: init.redirect || input.redirect || 'follow',
+			headers,
+			parsedURL,
+			signal
+		};
+
+		// node-fetch-only options
+		this.follow = init.follow !== undefined ? init.follow : input.follow !== undefined ? input.follow : 20;
+		this.compress = init.compress !== undefined ? init.compress : input.compress !== undefined ? input.compress : true;
+		this.counter = init.counter || input.counter || 0;
+		this.agent = init.agent || input.agent;
+	}
+
+	get method() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].method;
+	}
+
+	get url() {
+		return format_url(this[INTERNALS$2].parsedURL);
+	}
+
+	get headers() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].headers;
+	}
+
+	get redirect() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].redirect;
+	}
+
+	get signal() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].signal;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Clone this request
+  *
+  * @return  Request
+  */
+	clone() {
+		return new Request(this);
+	}
+}
+
+Body.mixIn(Request.prototype);
+
+Object.defineProperty(Request.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Request',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperties(Request.prototype, {
+	method: { enumerable: true },
+	url: { enumerable: true },
+	headers: { enumerable: true },
+	redirect: { enumerable: true },
+	clone: { enumerable: true },
+	signal: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Convert a Request to Node.js http request options.
+ *
+ * @param   Request  A Request instance
+ * @return  Object   The options object to be passed to http.request
+ */
+function getNodeRequestOptions(request) {
+	const parsedURL = request[INTERNALS$2].parsedURL;
+	const headers = new Headers(request[INTERNALS$2].headers);
+
+	// fetch step 1.3
+	if (!headers.has('Accept')) {
+		headers.set('Accept', '*/*');
+	}
+
+	// Basic fetch
+	if (!parsedURL.protocol || !parsedURL.hostname) {
+		throw new TypeError('Only absolute URLs are supported');
+	}
+
+	if (!/^https?:$/.test(parsedURL.protocol)) {
+		throw new TypeError('Only HTTP(S) protocols are supported');
+	}
+
+	if (request.signal && request.body instanceof Stream.Readable && !streamDestructionSupported) {
+		throw new Error('Cancellation of streamed requests with AbortSignal is not supported in node < 8');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch steps 2.4-2.7
+	let contentLengthValue = null;
+	if (request.body == null && /^(POST|PUT)$/i.test(request.method)) {
+		contentLengthValue = '0';
+	}
+	if (request.body != null) {
+		const totalBytes = getTotalBytes(request);
+		if (typeof totalBytes === 'number') {
+			contentLengthValue = String(totalBytes);
+		}
+	}
+	if (contentLengthValue) {
+		headers.set('Content-Length', contentLengthValue);
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch step 2.11
+	if (!headers.has('User-Agent')) {
+		headers.set('User-Agent', 'node-fetch/1.0 (+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch)');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch step 2.15
+	if (request.compress && !headers.has('Accept-Encoding')) {
+		headers.set('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip,deflate');
+	}
+
+	let agent = request.agent;
+	if (typeof agent === 'function') {
+		agent = agent(parsedURL);
+	}
+
+	if (!headers.has('Connection') && !agent) {
+		headers.set('Connection', 'close');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network fetch step 4.2
+	// chunked encoding is handled by Node.js
+
+	return Object.assign({}, parsedURL, {
+		method: request.method,
+		headers: exportNodeCompatibleHeaders(headers),
+		agent
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * abort-error.js
+ *
+ * AbortError interface for cancelled requests
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create AbortError instance
+ *
+ * @param   String      message      Error message for human
+ * @return  AbortError
+ */
+function AbortError(message) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+
+  this.type = 'aborted';
+  this.message = message;
+
+  // hide custom error implementation details from end-users
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+}
+
+AbortError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+AbortError.prototype.constructor = AbortError;
+AbortError.prototype.name = 'AbortError';
+
+// fix an issue where "PassThrough", "resolve" aren't a named export for node <10
+const PassThrough$1 = Stream.PassThrough;
+const resolve_url = Url.resolve;
+
+/**
+ * Fetch function
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed    url   Absolute url or Request instance
+ * @param   Object   opts  Fetch options
+ * @return  Promise
+ */
+function fetch(url, opts) {
+
+	// allow custom promise
+	if (!fetch.Promise) {
+		throw new Error('native promise missing, set fetch.Promise to your favorite alternative');
+	}
+
+	Body.Promise = fetch.Promise;
+
+	// wrap http.request into fetch
+	return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+		// build request object
+		const request = new Request(url, opts);
+		const options = getNodeRequestOptions(request);
+
+		const send = (options.protocol === 'https:' ? https : http).request;
+		const signal = request.signal;
+
+		let response = null;
+
+		const abort = function abort() {
+			let error = new AbortError('The user aborted a request.');
+			reject(error);
+			if (request.body && request.body instanceof Stream.Readable) {
+				request.body.destroy(error);
+			}
+			if (!response || !response.body) return;
+			response.body.emit('error', error);
+		};
+
+		if (signal && signal.aborted) {
+			abort();
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const abortAndFinalize = function abortAndFinalize() {
+			abort();
+			finalize();
+		};
+
+		// send request
+		const req = send(options);
+		let reqTimeout;
+
+		if (signal) {
+			signal.addEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+		}
+
+		function finalize() {
+			req.abort();
+			if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+			clearTimeout(reqTimeout);
+		}
+
+		if (request.timeout) {
+			req.once('socket', function (socket) {
+				reqTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+					reject(new FetchError(`network timeout at: ${request.url}`, 'request-timeout'));
+					finalize();
+				}, request.timeout);
+			});
+		}
+
+		req.on('error', function (err) {
+			reject(new FetchError(`request to ${request.url} failed, reason: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			finalize();
+		});
+
+		req.on('response', function (res) {
+			clearTimeout(reqTimeout);
+
+			const headers = createHeadersLenient(res.headers);
+
+			// HTTP fetch step 5
+			if (fetch.isRedirect(res.statusCode)) {
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.2
+				const location = headers.get('Location');
+
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.3
+				const locationURL = location === null ? null : resolve_url(request.url, location);
+
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.5
+				switch (request.redirect) {
+					case 'error':
+						reject(new FetchError(`uri requested responds with a redirect, redirect mode is set to error: ${request.url}`, 'no-redirect'));
+						finalize();
+						return;
+					case 'manual':
+						// node-fetch-specific step: make manual redirect a bit easier to use by setting the Location header value to the resolved URL.
+						if (locationURL !== null) {
+							// handle corrupted header
+							try {
+								headers.set('Location', locationURL);
+							} catch (err) {
+								// istanbul ignore next: nodejs server prevent invalid response headers, we can't test this through normal request
+								reject(err);
+							}
+						}
+						break;
+					case 'follow':
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 2
+						if (locationURL === null) {
+							break;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 5
+						if (request.counter >= request.follow) {
+							reject(new FetchError(`maximum redirect reached at: ${request.url}`, 'max-redirect'));
+							finalize();
+							return;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 6 (counter increment)
+						// Create a new Request object.
+						const requestOpts = {
+							headers: new Headers(request.headers),
+							follow: request.follow,
+							counter: request.counter + 1,
+							agent: request.agent,
+							compress: request.compress,
+							method: request.method,
+							body: request.body,
+							signal: request.signal,
+							timeout: request.timeout,
+							size: request.size
+						};
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 9
+						if (res.statusCode !== 303 && request.body && getTotalBytes(request) === null) {
+							reject(new FetchError('Cannot follow redirect with body being a readable stream', 'unsupported-redirect'));
+							finalize();
+							return;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 11
+						if (res.statusCode === 303 || (res.statusCode === 301 || res.statusCode === 302) && request.method === 'POST') {
+							requestOpts.method = 'GET';
+							requestOpts.body = undefined;
+							requestOpts.headers.delete('content-length');
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 15
+						resolve(fetch(new Request(locationURL, requestOpts)));
+						finalize();
+						return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// prepare response
+			res.once('end', function () {
+				if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+			});
+			let body = res.pipe(new PassThrough$1());
+
+			const response_options = {
+				url: request.url,
+				status: res.statusCode,
+				statusText: res.statusMessage,
+				headers: headers,
+				size: request.size,
+				timeout: request.timeout,
+				counter: request.counter
+			};
+
+			// HTTP-network fetch step 12.1.1.3
+			const codings = headers.get('Content-Encoding');
+
+			// HTTP-network fetch step 12.1.1.4: handle content codings
+
+			// in following scenarios we ignore compression support
+			// 1. compression support is disabled
+			// 2. HEAD request
+			// 3. no Content-Encoding header
+			// 4. no content response (204)
+			// 5. content not modified response (304)
+			if (!request.compress || request.method === 'HEAD' || codings === null || res.statusCode === 204 || res.statusCode === 304) {
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// For Node v6+
+			// Be less strict when decoding compressed responses, since sometimes
+			// servers send slightly invalid responses that are still accepted
+			// by common browsers.
+			// Always using Z_SYNC_FLUSH is what cURL does.
+			const zlibOptions = {
+				flush: zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH,
+				finishFlush: zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH
+			};
+
+			// for gzip
+			if (codings == 'gzip' || codings == 'x-gzip') {
+				body = body.pipe(zlib.createGunzip(zlibOptions));
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// for deflate
+			if (codings == 'deflate' || codings == 'x-deflate') {
+				// handle the infamous raw deflate response from old servers
+				// a hack for old IIS and Apache servers
+				const raw = res.pipe(new PassThrough$1());
+				raw.once('data', function (chunk) {
+					// see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37519828
+					if ((chunk[0] & 0x0F) === 0x08) {
+						body = body.pipe(zlib.createInflate());
+					} else {
+						body = body.pipe(zlib.createInflateRaw());
+					}
+					response = new Response(body, response_options);
+					resolve(response);
+				});
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// for br
+			if (codings == 'br' && typeof zlib.createBrotliDecompress === 'function') {
+				body = body.pipe(zlib.createBrotliDecompress());
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// otherwise, use response as-is
+			response = new Response(body, response_options);
+			resolve(response);
+		});
+
+		writeToStream(req, request);
+	});
+}
+/**
+ * Redirect code matching
+ *
+ * @param   Number   code  Status code
+ * @return  Boolean
+ */
+fetch.isRedirect = function (code) {
+	return code === 301 || code === 302 || code === 303 || code === 307 || code === 308;
+};
+
+// expose Promise
+fetch.Promise = global.Promise;
+
+module.exports = exports = fetch;
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.default = exports;
+exports.Headers = Headers;
+exports.Request = Request;
+exports.Response = Response;
+exports.FetchError = FetchError;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.mjs b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecf59af8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/lib/index.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,1638 @@
+import Stream from 'stream';
+import http from 'http';
+import Url from 'url';
+import https from 'https';
+import zlib from 'zlib';
+
+// Based on https://github.com/tmpvar/jsdom/blob/aa85b2abf07766ff7bf5c1f6daafb3726f2f2db5/lib/jsdom/living/blob.js
+
+// fix for "Readable" isn't a named export issue
+const Readable = Stream.Readable;
+
+const BUFFER = Symbol('buffer');
+const TYPE = Symbol('type');
+
+class Blob {
+	constructor() {
+		this[TYPE] = '';
+
+		const blobParts = arguments[0];
+		const options = arguments[1];
+
+		const buffers = [];
+		let size = 0;
+
+		if (blobParts) {
+			const a = blobParts;
+			const length = Number(a.length);
+			for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+				const element = a[i];
+				let buffer;
+				if (element instanceof Buffer) {
+					buffer = element;
+				} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(element)) {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(element.buffer, element.byteOffset, element.byteLength);
+				} else if (element instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(element);
+				} else if (element instanceof Blob) {
+					buffer = element[BUFFER];
+				} else {
+					buffer = Buffer.from(typeof element === 'string' ? element : String(element));
+				}
+				size += buffer.length;
+				buffers.push(buffer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this[BUFFER] = Buffer.concat(buffers);
+
+		let type = options && options.type !== undefined && String(options.type).toLowerCase();
+		if (type && !/[^\u0020-\u007E]/.test(type)) {
+			this[TYPE] = type;
+		}
+	}
+	get size() {
+		return this[BUFFER].length;
+	}
+	get type() {
+		return this[TYPE];
+	}
+	text() {
+		return Promise.resolve(this[BUFFER].toString());
+	}
+	arrayBuffer() {
+		const buf = this[BUFFER];
+		const ab = buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
+		return Promise.resolve(ab);
+	}
+	stream() {
+		const readable = new Readable();
+		readable._read = function () {};
+		readable.push(this[BUFFER]);
+		readable.push(null);
+		return readable;
+	}
+	toString() {
+		return '[object Blob]';
+	}
+	slice() {
+		const size = this.size;
+
+		const start = arguments[0];
+		const end = arguments[1];
+		let relativeStart, relativeEnd;
+		if (start === undefined) {
+			relativeStart = 0;
+		} else if (start < 0) {
+			relativeStart = Math.max(size + start, 0);
+		} else {
+			relativeStart = Math.min(start, size);
+		}
+		if (end === undefined) {
+			relativeEnd = size;
+		} else if (end < 0) {
+			relativeEnd = Math.max(size + end, 0);
+		} else {
+			relativeEnd = Math.min(end, size);
+		}
+		const span = Math.max(relativeEnd - relativeStart, 0);
+
+		const buffer = this[BUFFER];
+		const slicedBuffer = buffer.slice(relativeStart, relativeStart + span);
+		const blob = new Blob([], { type: arguments[2] });
+		blob[BUFFER] = slicedBuffer;
+		return blob;
+	}
+}
+
+Object.defineProperties(Blob.prototype, {
+	size: { enumerable: true },
+	type: { enumerable: true },
+	slice: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Blob.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Blob',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * fetch-error.js
+ *
+ * FetchError interface for operational errors
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create FetchError instance
+ *
+ * @param   String      message      Error message for human
+ * @param   String      type         Error type for machine
+ * @param   String      systemError  For Node.js system error
+ * @return  FetchError
+ */
+function FetchError(message, type, systemError) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+
+  this.message = message;
+  this.type = type;
+
+  // when err.type is `system`, err.code contains system error code
+  if (systemError) {
+    this.code = this.errno = systemError.code;
+  }
+
+  // hide custom error implementation details from end-users
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+}
+
+FetchError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+FetchError.prototype.constructor = FetchError;
+FetchError.prototype.name = 'FetchError';
+
+let convert;
+try {
+	convert = require('encoding').convert;
+} catch (e) {}
+
+const INTERNALS = Symbol('Body internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "PassThrough" isn't a named export for node <10
+const PassThrough = Stream.PassThrough;
+
+/**
+ * Body mixin
+ *
+ * Ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#body
+ *
+ * @param   Stream  body  Readable stream
+ * @param   Object  opts  Response options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+function Body(body) {
+	var _this = this;
+
+	var _ref = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},
+	    _ref$size = _ref.size;
+
+	let size = _ref$size === undefined ? 0 : _ref$size;
+	var _ref$timeout = _ref.timeout;
+	let timeout = _ref$timeout === undefined ? 0 : _ref$timeout;
+
+	if (body == null) {
+		// body is undefined or null
+		body = null;
+	} else if (isURLSearchParams(body)) {
+		// body is a URLSearchParams
+		body = Buffer.from(body.toString());
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) ; else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) ; else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(body) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+		// body is ArrayBuffer
+		body = Buffer.from(body);
+	} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+		// body is ArrayBufferView
+		body = Buffer.from(body.buffer, body.byteOffset, body.byteLength);
+	} else if (body instanceof Stream) ; else {
+		// none of the above
+		// coerce to string then buffer
+		body = Buffer.from(String(body));
+	}
+	this[INTERNALS] = {
+		body,
+		disturbed: false,
+		error: null
+	};
+	this.size = size;
+	this.timeout = timeout;
+
+	if (body instanceof Stream) {
+		body.on('error', function (err) {
+			const error = err.name === 'AbortError' ? err : new FetchError(`Invalid response body while trying to fetch ${_this.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err);
+			_this[INTERNALS].error = error;
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+Body.prototype = {
+	get body() {
+		return this[INTERNALS].body;
+	},
+
+	get bodyUsed() {
+		return this[INTERNALS].disturbed;
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as ArrayBuffer
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	arrayBuffer() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buf) {
+			return buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Return raw response as Blob
+  *
+  * @return Promise
+  */
+	blob() {
+		let ct = this.headers && this.headers.get('content-type') || '';
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buf) {
+			return Object.assign(
+			// Prevent copying
+			new Blob([], {
+				type: ct.toLowerCase()
+			}), {
+				[BUFFER]: buf
+			});
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as json
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	json() {
+		var _this2 = this;
+
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			try {
+				return JSON.parse(buffer.toString());
+			} catch (err) {
+				return Body.Promise.reject(new FetchError(`invalid json response body at ${_this2.url} reason: ${err.message}`, 'invalid-json'));
+			}
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as text
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	text() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			return buffer.toString();
+		});
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as buffer (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	buffer() {
+		return consumeBody.call(this);
+	},
+
+	/**
+  * Decode response as text, while automatically detecting the encoding and
+  * trying to decode to UTF-8 (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Promise
+  */
+	textConverted() {
+		var _this3 = this;
+
+		return consumeBody.call(this).then(function (buffer) {
+			return convertBody(buffer, _this3.headers);
+		});
+	}
+};
+
+// In browsers, all properties are enumerable.
+Object.defineProperties(Body.prototype, {
+	body: { enumerable: true },
+	bodyUsed: { enumerable: true },
+	arrayBuffer: { enumerable: true },
+	blob: { enumerable: true },
+	json: { enumerable: true },
+	text: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Body.mixIn = function (proto) {
+	for (const name of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Body.prototype)) {
+		// istanbul ignore else: future proof
+		if (!(name in proto)) {
+			const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Body.prototype, name);
+			Object.defineProperty(proto, name, desc);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * Consume and convert an entire Body to a Buffer.
+ *
+ * Ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-body-consume-body
+ *
+ * @return  Promise
+ */
+function consumeBody() {
+	var _this4 = this;
+
+	if (this[INTERNALS].disturbed) {
+		return Body.Promise.reject(new TypeError(`body used already for: ${this.url}`));
+	}
+
+	this[INTERNALS].disturbed = true;
+
+	if (this[INTERNALS].error) {
+		return Body.Promise.reject(this[INTERNALS].error);
+	}
+
+	let body = this.body;
+
+	// body is null
+	if (body === null) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(Buffer.alloc(0));
+	}
+
+	// body is blob
+	if (isBlob(body)) {
+		body = body.stream();
+	}
+
+	// body is buffer
+	if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(body);
+	}
+
+	// istanbul ignore if: should never happen
+	if (!(body instanceof Stream)) {
+		return Body.Promise.resolve(Buffer.alloc(0));
+	}
+
+	// body is stream
+	// get ready to actually consume the body
+	let accum = [];
+	let accumBytes = 0;
+	let abort = false;
+
+	return new Body.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+		let resTimeout;
+
+		// allow timeout on slow response body
+		if (_this4.timeout) {
+			resTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+				abort = true;
+				reject(new FetchError(`Response timeout while trying to fetch ${_this4.url} (over ${_this4.timeout}ms)`, 'body-timeout'));
+			}, _this4.timeout);
+		}
+
+		// handle stream errors
+		body.on('error', function (err) {
+			if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
+				// if the request was aborted, reject with this Error
+				abort = true;
+				reject(err);
+			} else {
+				// other errors, such as incorrect content-encoding
+				reject(new FetchError(`Invalid response body while trying to fetch ${_this4.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			}
+		});
+
+		body.on('data', function (chunk) {
+			if (abort || chunk === null) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (_this4.size && accumBytes + chunk.length > _this4.size) {
+				abort = true;
+				reject(new FetchError(`content size at ${_this4.url} over limit: ${_this4.size}`, 'max-size'));
+				return;
+			}
+
+			accumBytes += chunk.length;
+			accum.push(chunk);
+		});
+
+		body.on('end', function () {
+			if (abort) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			clearTimeout(resTimeout);
+
+			try {
+				resolve(Buffer.concat(accum, accumBytes));
+			} catch (err) {
+				// handle streams that have accumulated too much data (issue #414)
+				reject(new FetchError(`Could not create Buffer from response body for ${_this4.url}: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			}
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect buffer encoding and convert to target encoding
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding
+ *
+ * @param   Buffer  buffer    Incoming buffer
+ * @param   String  encoding  Target encoding
+ * @return  String
+ */
+function convertBody(buffer, headers) {
+	if (typeof convert !== 'function') {
+		throw new Error('The package `encoding` must be installed to use the textConverted() function');
+	}
+
+	const ct = headers.get('content-type');
+	let charset = 'utf-8';
+	let res, str;
+
+	// header
+	if (ct) {
+		res = /charset=([^;]*)/i.exec(ct);
+	}
+
+	// no charset in content type, peek at response body for at most 1024 bytes
+	str = buffer.slice(0, 1024).toString();
+
+	// html5
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<meta.+?charset=(['"])(.+?)\1/i.exec(str);
+	}
+
+	// html4
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<meta[\s]+?http-equiv=(['"])content-type\1[\s]+?content=(['"])(.+?)\2/i.exec(str);
+		if (!res) {
+			res = /<meta[\s]+?content=(['"])(.+?)\1[\s]+?http-equiv=(['"])content-type\3/i.exec(str);
+			if (res) {
+				res.pop(); // drop last quote
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (res) {
+			res = /charset=(.*)/i.exec(res.pop());
+		}
+	}
+
+	// xml
+	if (!res && str) {
+		res = /<\?xml.+?encoding=(['"])(.+?)\1/i.exec(str);
+	}
+
+	// found charset
+	if (res) {
+		charset = res.pop();
+
+		// prevent decode issues when sites use incorrect encoding
+		// ref: https://hsivonen.fi/encoding-menu/
+		if (charset === 'gb2312' || charset === 'gbk') {
+			charset = 'gb18030';
+		}
+	}
+
+	// turn raw buffers into a single utf-8 buffer
+	return convert(buffer, 'UTF-8', charset).toString();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect a URLSearchParams object
+ * ref: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/296#issuecomment-307598143
+ *
+ * @param   Object  obj     Object to detect by type or brand
+ * @return  String
+ */
+function isURLSearchParams(obj) {
+	// Duck-typing as a necessary condition.
+	if (typeof obj !== 'object' || typeof obj.append !== 'function' || typeof obj.delete !== 'function' || typeof obj.get !== 'function' || typeof obj.getAll !== 'function' || typeof obj.has !== 'function' || typeof obj.set !== 'function') {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Brand-checking and more duck-typing as optional condition.
+	return obj.constructor.name === 'URLSearchParams' || Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object URLSearchParams]' || typeof obj.sort === 'function';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if `obj` is a W3C `Blob` object (which `File` inherits from)
+ * @param  {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function isBlob(obj) {
+	return typeof obj === 'object' && typeof obj.arrayBuffer === 'function' && typeof obj.type === 'string' && typeof obj.stream === 'function' && typeof obj.constructor === 'function' && typeof obj.constructor.name === 'string' && /^(Blob|File)$/.test(obj.constructor.name) && /^(Blob|File)$/.test(obj[Symbol.toStringTag]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clone body given Res/Req instance
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed  instance  Response or Request instance
+ * @return  Mixed
+ */
+function clone(instance) {
+	let p1, p2;
+	let body = instance.body;
+
+	// don't allow cloning a used body
+	if (instance.bodyUsed) {
+		throw new Error('cannot clone body after it is used');
+	}
+
+	// check that body is a stream and not form-data object
+	// note: we can't clone the form-data object without having it as a dependency
+	if (body instanceof Stream && typeof body.getBoundary !== 'function') {
+		// tee instance body
+		p1 = new PassThrough();
+		p2 = new PassThrough();
+		body.pipe(p1);
+		body.pipe(p2);
+		// set instance body to teed body and return the other teed body
+		instance[INTERNALS].body = p1;
+		body = p2;
+	}
+
+	return body;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs the operation "extract a `Content-Type` value from |object|" as
+ * specified in the specification:
+ * https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-bodyinit-extract
+ *
+ * This function assumes that instance.body is present.
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed  instance  Any options.body input
+ */
+function extractContentType(body) {
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		return null;
+	} else if (typeof body === 'string') {
+		// body is string
+		return 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8';
+	} else if (isURLSearchParams(body)) {
+		// body is a URLSearchParams
+		return 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		// body is blob
+		return body.type || null;
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		return null;
+	} else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(body) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+		// body is ArrayBuffer
+		return null;
+	} else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+		// body is ArrayBufferView
+		return null;
+	} else if (typeof body.getBoundary === 'function') {
+		// detect form data input from form-data module
+		return `multipart/form-data;boundary=${body.getBoundary()}`;
+	} else if (body instanceof Stream) {
+		// body is stream
+		// can't really do much about this
+		return null;
+	} else {
+		// Body constructor defaults other things to string
+		return 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8';
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Fetch Standard treats this as if "total bytes" is a property on the body.
+ * For us, we have to explicitly get it with a function.
+ *
+ * ref: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-body-total-bytes
+ *
+ * @param   Body    instance   Instance of Body
+ * @return  Number?            Number of bytes, or null if not possible
+ */
+function getTotalBytes(instance) {
+	const body = instance.body;
+
+
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		return 0;
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		return body.size;
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		return body.length;
+	} else if (body && typeof body.getLengthSync === 'function') {
+		// detect form data input from form-data module
+		if (body._lengthRetrievers && body._lengthRetrievers.length == 0 || // 1.x
+		body.hasKnownLength && body.hasKnownLength()) {
+			// 2.x
+			return body.getLengthSync();
+		}
+		return null;
+	} else {
+		// body is stream
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a Body to a Node.js WritableStream (e.g. http.Request) object.
+ *
+ * @param   Body    instance   Instance of Body
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+function writeToStream(dest, instance) {
+	const body = instance.body;
+
+
+	if (body === null) {
+		// body is null
+		dest.end();
+	} else if (isBlob(body)) {
+		body.stream().pipe(dest);
+	} else if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+		// body is buffer
+		dest.write(body);
+		dest.end();
+	} else {
+		// body is stream
+		body.pipe(dest);
+	}
+}
+
+// expose Promise
+Body.Promise = global.Promise;
+
+/**
+ * headers.js
+ *
+ * Headers class offers convenient helpers
+ */
+
+const invalidTokenRegex = /[^\^_`a-zA-Z\-0-9!#$%&'*+.|~]/;
+const invalidHeaderCharRegex = /[^\t\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]/;
+
+function validateName(name) {
+	name = `${name}`;
+	if (invalidTokenRegex.test(name) || name === '') {
+		throw new TypeError(`${name} is not a legal HTTP header name`);
+	}
+}
+
+function validateValue(value) {
+	value = `${value}`;
+	if (invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(value)) {
+		throw new TypeError(`${value} is not a legal HTTP header value`);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the key in the map object given a header name.
+ *
+ * Returns undefined if not found.
+ *
+ * @param   String  name  Header name
+ * @return  String|Undefined
+ */
+function find(map, name) {
+	name = name.toLowerCase();
+	for (const key in map) {
+		if (key.toLowerCase() === name) {
+			return key;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+const MAP = Symbol('map');
+class Headers {
+	/**
+  * Headers class
+  *
+  * @param   Object  headers  Response headers
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	constructor() {
+		let init = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : undefined;
+
+		this[MAP] = Object.create(null);
+
+		if (init instanceof Headers) {
+			const rawHeaders = init.raw();
+			const headerNames = Object.keys(rawHeaders);
+
+			for (const headerName of headerNames) {
+				for (const value of rawHeaders[headerName]) {
+					this.append(headerName, value);
+				}
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// We don't worry about converting prop to ByteString here as append()
+		// will handle it.
+		if (init == null) ; else if (typeof init === 'object') {
+			const method = init[Symbol.iterator];
+			if (method != null) {
+				if (typeof method !== 'function') {
+					throw new TypeError('Header pairs must be iterable');
+				}
+
+				// sequence<sequence<ByteString>>
+				// Note: per spec we have to first exhaust the lists then process them
+				const pairs = [];
+				for (const pair of init) {
+					if (typeof pair !== 'object' || typeof pair[Symbol.iterator] !== 'function') {
+						throw new TypeError('Each header pair must be iterable');
+					}
+					pairs.push(Array.from(pair));
+				}
+
+				for (const pair of pairs) {
+					if (pair.length !== 2) {
+						throw new TypeError('Each header pair must be a name/value tuple');
+					}
+					this.append(pair[0], pair[1]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				// record<ByteString, ByteString>
+				for (const key of Object.keys(init)) {
+					const value = init[key];
+					this.append(key, value);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			throw new TypeError('Provided initializer must be an object');
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Return combined header value given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name  Header name
+  * @return  Mixed
+  */
+	get(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key === undefined) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		return this[MAP][key].join(', ');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Iterate over all headers
+  *
+  * @param   Function  callback  Executed for each item with parameters (value, name, thisArg)
+  * @param   Boolean   thisArg   `this` context for callback function
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	forEach(callback) {
+		let thisArg = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+
+		let pairs = getHeaders(this);
+		let i = 0;
+		while (i < pairs.length) {
+			var _pairs$i = pairs[i];
+			const name = _pairs$i[0],
+			      value = _pairs$i[1];
+
+			callback.call(thisArg, value, name, this);
+			pairs = getHeaders(this);
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Overwrite header values given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name   Header name
+  * @param   String  value  Header value
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	set(name, value) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		value = `${value}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		validateValue(value);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		this[MAP][key !== undefined ? key : name] = [value];
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Append a value onto existing header
+  *
+  * @param   String  name   Header name
+  * @param   String  value  Header value
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	append(name, value) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		value = `${value}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		validateValue(value);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key !== undefined) {
+			this[MAP][key].push(value);
+		} else {
+			this[MAP][name] = [value];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Check for header name existence
+  *
+  * @param   String   name  Header name
+  * @return  Boolean
+  */
+	has(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		return find(this[MAP], name) !== undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Delete all header values given name
+  *
+  * @param   String  name  Header name
+  * @return  Void
+  */
+	delete(name) {
+		name = `${name}`;
+		validateName(name);
+		const key = find(this[MAP], name);
+		if (key !== undefined) {
+			delete this[MAP][key];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Return raw headers (non-spec api)
+  *
+  * @return  Object
+  */
+	raw() {
+		return this[MAP];
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on keys.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	keys() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'key');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on values.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	values() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'value');
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Get an iterator on entries.
+  *
+  * This is the default iterator of the Headers object.
+  *
+  * @return  Iterator
+  */
+	[Symbol.iterator]() {
+		return createHeadersIterator(this, 'key+value');
+	}
+}
+Headers.prototype.entries = Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator];
+
+Object.defineProperty(Headers.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Headers',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperties(Headers.prototype, {
+	get: { enumerable: true },
+	forEach: { enumerable: true },
+	set: { enumerable: true },
+	append: { enumerable: true },
+	has: { enumerable: true },
+	delete: { enumerable: true },
+	keys: { enumerable: true },
+	values: { enumerable: true },
+	entries: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+function getHeaders(headers) {
+	let kind = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 'key+value';
+
+	const keys = Object.keys(headers[MAP]).sort();
+	return keys.map(kind === 'key' ? function (k) {
+		return k.toLowerCase();
+	} : kind === 'value' ? function (k) {
+		return headers[MAP][k].join(', ');
+	} : function (k) {
+		return [k.toLowerCase(), headers[MAP][k].join(', ')];
+	});
+}
+
+const INTERNAL = Symbol('internal');
+
+function createHeadersIterator(target, kind) {
+	const iterator = Object.create(HeadersIteratorPrototype);
+	iterator[INTERNAL] = {
+		target,
+		kind,
+		index: 0
+	};
+	return iterator;
+}
+
+const HeadersIteratorPrototype = Object.setPrototypeOf({
+	next() {
+		// istanbul ignore if
+		if (!this || Object.getPrototypeOf(this) !== HeadersIteratorPrototype) {
+			throw new TypeError('Value of `this` is not a HeadersIterator');
+		}
+
+		var _INTERNAL = this[INTERNAL];
+		const target = _INTERNAL.target,
+		      kind = _INTERNAL.kind,
+		      index = _INTERNAL.index;
+
+		const values = getHeaders(target, kind);
+		const len = values.length;
+		if (index >= len) {
+			return {
+				value: undefined,
+				done: true
+			};
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNAL].index = index + 1;
+
+		return {
+			value: values[index],
+			done: false
+		};
+	}
+}, Object.getPrototypeOf(Object.getPrototypeOf([][Symbol.iterator]())));
+
+Object.defineProperty(HeadersIteratorPrototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'HeadersIterator',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+/**
+ * Export the Headers object in a form that Node.js can consume.
+ *
+ * @param   Headers  headers
+ * @return  Object
+ */
+function exportNodeCompatibleHeaders(headers) {
+	const obj = Object.assign({ __proto__: null }, headers[MAP]);
+
+	// http.request() only supports string as Host header. This hack makes
+	// specifying custom Host header possible.
+	const hostHeaderKey = find(headers[MAP], 'Host');
+	if (hostHeaderKey !== undefined) {
+		obj[hostHeaderKey] = obj[hostHeaderKey][0];
+	}
+
+	return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Headers object from an object of headers, ignoring those that do
+ * not conform to HTTP grammar productions.
+ *
+ * @param   Object  obj  Object of headers
+ * @return  Headers
+ */
+function createHeadersLenient(obj) {
+	const headers = new Headers();
+	for (const name of Object.keys(obj)) {
+		if (invalidTokenRegex.test(name)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (Array.isArray(obj[name])) {
+			for (const val of obj[name]) {
+				if (invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(val)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (headers[MAP][name] === undefined) {
+					headers[MAP][name] = [val];
+				} else {
+					headers[MAP][name].push(val);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (!invalidHeaderCharRegex.test(obj[name])) {
+			headers[MAP][name] = [obj[name]];
+		}
+	}
+	return headers;
+}
+
+const INTERNALS$1 = Symbol('Response internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "STATUS_CODES" aren't a named export for node <10
+const STATUS_CODES = http.STATUS_CODES;
+
+/**
+ * Response class
+ *
+ * @param   Stream  body  Readable stream
+ * @param   Object  opts  Response options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+class Response {
+	constructor() {
+		let body = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : null;
+		let opts = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+
+		Body.call(this, body, opts);
+
+		const status = opts.status || 200;
+		const headers = new Headers(opts.headers);
+
+		if (body != null && !headers.has('Content-Type')) {
+			const contentType = extractContentType(body);
+			if (contentType) {
+				headers.append('Content-Type', contentType);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNALS$1] = {
+			url: opts.url,
+			status,
+			statusText: opts.statusText || STATUS_CODES[status],
+			headers,
+			counter: opts.counter
+		};
+	}
+
+	get url() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].url || '';
+	}
+
+	get status() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].status;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Convenience property representing if the request ended normally
+  */
+	get ok() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].status >= 200 && this[INTERNALS$1].status < 300;
+	}
+
+	get redirected() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].counter > 0;
+	}
+
+	get statusText() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].statusText;
+	}
+
+	get headers() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$1].headers;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Clone this response
+  *
+  * @return  Response
+  */
+	clone() {
+		return new Response(clone(this), {
+			url: this.url,
+			status: this.status,
+			statusText: this.statusText,
+			headers: this.headers,
+			ok: this.ok,
+			redirected: this.redirected
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+Body.mixIn(Response.prototype);
+
+Object.defineProperties(Response.prototype, {
+	url: { enumerable: true },
+	status: { enumerable: true },
+	ok: { enumerable: true },
+	redirected: { enumerable: true },
+	statusText: { enumerable: true },
+	headers: { enumerable: true },
+	clone: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+Object.defineProperty(Response.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Response',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+const INTERNALS$2 = Symbol('Request internals');
+
+// fix an issue where "format", "parse" aren't a named export for node <10
+const parse_url = Url.parse;
+const format_url = Url.format;
+
+const streamDestructionSupported = 'destroy' in Stream.Readable.prototype;
+
+/**
+ * Check if a value is an instance of Request.
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed   input
+ * @return  Boolean
+ */
+function isRequest(input) {
+	return typeof input === 'object' && typeof input[INTERNALS$2] === 'object';
+}
+
+function isAbortSignal(signal) {
+	const proto = signal && typeof signal === 'object' && Object.getPrototypeOf(signal);
+	return !!(proto && proto.constructor.name === 'AbortSignal');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Request class
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed   input  Url or Request instance
+ * @param   Object  init   Custom options
+ * @return  Void
+ */
+class Request {
+	constructor(input) {
+		let init = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+
+		let parsedURL;
+
+		// normalize input
+		if (!isRequest(input)) {
+			if (input && input.href) {
+				// in order to support Node.js' Url objects; though WHATWG's URL objects
+				// will fall into this branch also (since their `toString()` will return
+				// `href` property anyway)
+				parsedURL = parse_url(input.href);
+			} else {
+				// coerce input to a string before attempting to parse
+				parsedURL = parse_url(`${input}`);
+			}
+			input = {};
+		} else {
+			parsedURL = parse_url(input.url);
+		}
+
+		let method = init.method || input.method || 'GET';
+		method = method.toUpperCase();
+
+		if ((init.body != null || isRequest(input) && input.body !== null) && (method === 'GET' || method === 'HEAD')) {
+			throw new TypeError('Request with GET/HEAD method cannot have body');
+		}
+
+		let inputBody = init.body != null ? init.body : isRequest(input) && input.body !== null ? clone(input) : null;
+
+		Body.call(this, inputBody, {
+			timeout: init.timeout || input.timeout || 0,
+			size: init.size || input.size || 0
+		});
+
+		const headers = new Headers(init.headers || input.headers || {});
+
+		if (inputBody != null && !headers.has('Content-Type')) {
+			const contentType = extractContentType(inputBody);
+			if (contentType) {
+				headers.append('Content-Type', contentType);
+			}
+		}
+
+		let signal = isRequest(input) ? input.signal : null;
+		if ('signal' in init) signal = init.signal;
+
+		if (signal != null && !isAbortSignal(signal)) {
+			throw new TypeError('Expected signal to be an instanceof AbortSignal');
+		}
+
+		this[INTERNALS$2] = {
+			method,
+			redirect: init.redirect || input.redirect || 'follow',
+			headers,
+			parsedURL,
+			signal
+		};
+
+		// node-fetch-only options
+		this.follow = init.follow !== undefined ? init.follow : input.follow !== undefined ? input.follow : 20;
+		this.compress = init.compress !== undefined ? init.compress : input.compress !== undefined ? input.compress : true;
+		this.counter = init.counter || input.counter || 0;
+		this.agent = init.agent || input.agent;
+	}
+
+	get method() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].method;
+	}
+
+	get url() {
+		return format_url(this[INTERNALS$2].parsedURL);
+	}
+
+	get headers() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].headers;
+	}
+
+	get redirect() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].redirect;
+	}
+
+	get signal() {
+		return this[INTERNALS$2].signal;
+	}
+
+	/**
+  * Clone this request
+  *
+  * @return  Request
+  */
+	clone() {
+		return new Request(this);
+	}
+}
+
+Body.mixIn(Request.prototype);
+
+Object.defineProperty(Request.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, {
+	value: 'Request',
+	writable: false,
+	enumerable: false,
+	configurable: true
+});
+
+Object.defineProperties(Request.prototype, {
+	method: { enumerable: true },
+	url: { enumerable: true },
+	headers: { enumerable: true },
+	redirect: { enumerable: true },
+	clone: { enumerable: true },
+	signal: { enumerable: true }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Convert a Request to Node.js http request options.
+ *
+ * @param   Request  A Request instance
+ * @return  Object   The options object to be passed to http.request
+ */
+function getNodeRequestOptions(request) {
+	const parsedURL = request[INTERNALS$2].parsedURL;
+	const headers = new Headers(request[INTERNALS$2].headers);
+
+	// fetch step 1.3
+	if (!headers.has('Accept')) {
+		headers.set('Accept', '*/*');
+	}
+
+	// Basic fetch
+	if (!parsedURL.protocol || !parsedURL.hostname) {
+		throw new TypeError('Only absolute URLs are supported');
+	}
+
+	if (!/^https?:$/.test(parsedURL.protocol)) {
+		throw new TypeError('Only HTTP(S) protocols are supported');
+	}
+
+	if (request.signal && request.body instanceof Stream.Readable && !streamDestructionSupported) {
+		throw new Error('Cancellation of streamed requests with AbortSignal is not supported in node < 8');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch steps 2.4-2.7
+	let contentLengthValue = null;
+	if (request.body == null && /^(POST|PUT)$/i.test(request.method)) {
+		contentLengthValue = '0';
+	}
+	if (request.body != null) {
+		const totalBytes = getTotalBytes(request);
+		if (typeof totalBytes === 'number') {
+			contentLengthValue = String(totalBytes);
+		}
+	}
+	if (contentLengthValue) {
+		headers.set('Content-Length', contentLengthValue);
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch step 2.11
+	if (!headers.has('User-Agent')) {
+		headers.set('User-Agent', 'node-fetch/1.0 (+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch)');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network-or-cache fetch step 2.15
+	if (request.compress && !headers.has('Accept-Encoding')) {
+		headers.set('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip,deflate');
+	}
+
+	let agent = request.agent;
+	if (typeof agent === 'function') {
+		agent = agent(parsedURL);
+	}
+
+	if (!headers.has('Connection') && !agent) {
+		headers.set('Connection', 'close');
+	}
+
+	// HTTP-network fetch step 4.2
+	// chunked encoding is handled by Node.js
+
+	return Object.assign({}, parsedURL, {
+		method: request.method,
+		headers: exportNodeCompatibleHeaders(headers),
+		agent
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * abort-error.js
+ *
+ * AbortError interface for cancelled requests
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Create AbortError instance
+ *
+ * @param   String      message      Error message for human
+ * @return  AbortError
+ */
+function AbortError(message) {
+  Error.call(this, message);
+
+  this.type = 'aborted';
+  this.message = message;
+
+  // hide custom error implementation details from end-users
+  Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+}
+
+AbortError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+AbortError.prototype.constructor = AbortError;
+AbortError.prototype.name = 'AbortError';
+
+// fix an issue where "PassThrough", "resolve" aren't a named export for node <10
+const PassThrough$1 = Stream.PassThrough;
+const resolve_url = Url.resolve;
+
+/**
+ * Fetch function
+ *
+ * @param   Mixed    url   Absolute url or Request instance
+ * @param   Object   opts  Fetch options
+ * @return  Promise
+ */
+function fetch(url, opts) {
+
+	// allow custom promise
+	if (!fetch.Promise) {
+		throw new Error('native promise missing, set fetch.Promise to your favorite alternative');
+	}
+
+	Body.Promise = fetch.Promise;
+
+	// wrap http.request into fetch
+	return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+		// build request object
+		const request = new Request(url, opts);
+		const options = getNodeRequestOptions(request);
+
+		const send = (options.protocol === 'https:' ? https : http).request;
+		const signal = request.signal;
+
+		let response = null;
+
+		const abort = function abort() {
+			let error = new AbortError('The user aborted a request.');
+			reject(error);
+			if (request.body && request.body instanceof Stream.Readable) {
+				request.body.destroy(error);
+			}
+			if (!response || !response.body) return;
+			response.body.emit('error', error);
+		};
+
+		if (signal && signal.aborted) {
+			abort();
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const abortAndFinalize = function abortAndFinalize() {
+			abort();
+			finalize();
+		};
+
+		// send request
+		const req = send(options);
+		let reqTimeout;
+
+		if (signal) {
+			signal.addEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+		}
+
+		function finalize() {
+			req.abort();
+			if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+			clearTimeout(reqTimeout);
+		}
+
+		if (request.timeout) {
+			req.once('socket', function (socket) {
+				reqTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+					reject(new FetchError(`network timeout at: ${request.url}`, 'request-timeout'));
+					finalize();
+				}, request.timeout);
+			});
+		}
+
+		req.on('error', function (err) {
+			reject(new FetchError(`request to ${request.url} failed, reason: ${err.message}`, 'system', err));
+			finalize();
+		});
+
+		req.on('response', function (res) {
+			clearTimeout(reqTimeout);
+
+			const headers = createHeadersLenient(res.headers);
+
+			// HTTP fetch step 5
+			if (fetch.isRedirect(res.statusCode)) {
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.2
+				const location = headers.get('Location');
+
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.3
+				const locationURL = location === null ? null : resolve_url(request.url, location);
+
+				// HTTP fetch step 5.5
+				switch (request.redirect) {
+					case 'error':
+						reject(new FetchError(`uri requested responds with a redirect, redirect mode is set to error: ${request.url}`, 'no-redirect'));
+						finalize();
+						return;
+					case 'manual':
+						// node-fetch-specific step: make manual redirect a bit easier to use by setting the Location header value to the resolved URL.
+						if (locationURL !== null) {
+							// handle corrupted header
+							try {
+								headers.set('Location', locationURL);
+							} catch (err) {
+								// istanbul ignore next: nodejs server prevent invalid response headers, we can't test this through normal request
+								reject(err);
+							}
+						}
+						break;
+					case 'follow':
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 2
+						if (locationURL === null) {
+							break;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 5
+						if (request.counter >= request.follow) {
+							reject(new FetchError(`maximum redirect reached at: ${request.url}`, 'max-redirect'));
+							finalize();
+							return;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 6 (counter increment)
+						// Create a new Request object.
+						const requestOpts = {
+							headers: new Headers(request.headers),
+							follow: request.follow,
+							counter: request.counter + 1,
+							agent: request.agent,
+							compress: request.compress,
+							method: request.method,
+							body: request.body,
+							signal: request.signal,
+							timeout: request.timeout,
+							size: request.size
+						};
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 9
+						if (res.statusCode !== 303 && request.body && getTotalBytes(request) === null) {
+							reject(new FetchError('Cannot follow redirect with body being a readable stream', 'unsupported-redirect'));
+							finalize();
+							return;
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 11
+						if (res.statusCode === 303 || (res.statusCode === 301 || res.statusCode === 302) && request.method === 'POST') {
+							requestOpts.method = 'GET';
+							requestOpts.body = undefined;
+							requestOpts.headers.delete('content-length');
+						}
+
+						// HTTP-redirect fetch step 15
+						resolve(fetch(new Request(locationURL, requestOpts)));
+						finalize();
+						return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// prepare response
+			res.once('end', function () {
+				if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortAndFinalize);
+			});
+			let body = res.pipe(new PassThrough$1());
+
+			const response_options = {
+				url: request.url,
+				status: res.statusCode,
+				statusText: res.statusMessage,
+				headers: headers,
+				size: request.size,
+				timeout: request.timeout,
+				counter: request.counter
+			};
+
+			// HTTP-network fetch step 12.1.1.3
+			const codings = headers.get('Content-Encoding');
+
+			// HTTP-network fetch step 12.1.1.4: handle content codings
+
+			// in following scenarios we ignore compression support
+			// 1. compression support is disabled
+			// 2. HEAD request
+			// 3. no Content-Encoding header
+			// 4. no content response (204)
+			// 5. content not modified response (304)
+			if (!request.compress || request.method === 'HEAD' || codings === null || res.statusCode === 204 || res.statusCode === 304) {
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// For Node v6+
+			// Be less strict when decoding compressed responses, since sometimes
+			// servers send slightly invalid responses that are still accepted
+			// by common browsers.
+			// Always using Z_SYNC_FLUSH is what cURL does.
+			const zlibOptions = {
+				flush: zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH,
+				finishFlush: zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH
+			};
+
+			// for gzip
+			if (codings == 'gzip' || codings == 'x-gzip') {
+				body = body.pipe(zlib.createGunzip(zlibOptions));
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// for deflate
+			if (codings == 'deflate' || codings == 'x-deflate') {
+				// handle the infamous raw deflate response from old servers
+				// a hack for old IIS and Apache servers
+				const raw = res.pipe(new PassThrough$1());
+				raw.once('data', function (chunk) {
+					// see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37519828
+					if ((chunk[0] & 0x0F) === 0x08) {
+						body = body.pipe(zlib.createInflate());
+					} else {
+						body = body.pipe(zlib.createInflateRaw());
+					}
+					response = new Response(body, response_options);
+					resolve(response);
+				});
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// for br
+			if (codings == 'br' && typeof zlib.createBrotliDecompress === 'function') {
+				body = body.pipe(zlib.createBrotliDecompress());
+				response = new Response(body, response_options);
+				resolve(response);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// otherwise, use response as-is
+			response = new Response(body, response_options);
+			resolve(response);
+		});
+
+		writeToStream(req, request);
+	});
+}
+/**
+ * Redirect code matching
+ *
+ * @param   Number   code  Status code
+ * @return  Boolean
+ */
+fetch.isRedirect = function (code) {
+	return code === 301 || code === 302 || code === 303 || code === 307 || code === 308;
+};
+
+// expose Promise
+fetch.Promise = global.Promise;
+
+export default fetch;
+export { Headers, Request, Response, FetchError };
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/package.json b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51eb9b284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/node-fetch/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "_from": "node-fetch@^2.6.1",
+  "_id": "node-fetch@2.6.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-V4aYg89jEoVRxRb2fJdAg8FHvI7cEyYdVAh94HH0UIK8oJxUfkjlDQN9RbMx+bEjP7+ggMiFRprSti032Oipxw==",
+  "_location": "/node-fetch",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "node-fetch@^2.6.1",
+    "name": "node-fetch",
+    "escapedName": "node-fetch",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.6.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.6.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-fetch/-/node-fetch-2.6.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "045bd323631f76ed2e2b55573394416b639a0052",
+  "_spec": "node-fetch@^2.6.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "David Frank"
+  },
+  "browser": "./browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A light-weight module that brings window.fetch to node.js",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@ungap/url-search-params": "^0.1.2",
+    "abort-controller": "^1.1.0",
+    "abortcontroller-polyfill": "^1.3.0",
+    "babel-core": "^6.26.3",
+    "babel-plugin-istanbul": "^4.1.6",
+    "babel-preset-env": "^1.6.1",
+    "babel-register": "^6.16.3",
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "chai-as-promised": "^7.1.1",
+    "chai-iterator": "^1.1.1",
+    "chai-string": "~1.3.0",
+    "codecov": "^3.3.0",
+    "cross-env": "^5.2.0",
+    "form-data": "^2.3.3",
+    "is-builtin-module": "^1.0.0",
+    "mocha": "^5.0.0",
+    "nyc": "11.9.0",
+    "parted": "^0.1.1",
+    "promise": "^8.0.3",
+    "resumer": "0.0.0",
+    "rollup": "^0.63.4",
+    "rollup-plugin-babel": "^3.0.7",
+    "string-to-arraybuffer": "^1.0.2",
+    "whatwg-url": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": "4.x || >=6.0.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/index.js",
+    "lib/index.mjs",
+    "lib/index.es.js",
+    "browser.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch",
+  "keywords": [
+    "fetch",
+    "http",
+    "promise"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "lib/index",
+  "module": "lib/index.mjs",
+  "name": "node-fetch",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "cross-env BABEL_ENV=rollup rollup -c",
+    "coverage": "cross-env BABEL_ENV=coverage nyc --reporter json --reporter text mocha -R spec test/test.js && codecov -f coverage/coverage-final.json",
+    "prepare": "npm run build",
+    "report": "cross-env BABEL_ENV=coverage nyc --reporter lcov --reporter text mocha -R spec test/test.js",
+    "test": "cross-env BABEL_ENV=test mocha --require babel-register --throw-deprecation test/test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.6.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/nopt/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/nopt/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82a09fb4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/nopt/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+### v4.0.1 (2016-12-14)
+
+#### WHOOPS
+
+* [`fb9b1ce`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/fb9b1ce57b3c69b4f7819015be87719204f77ef6)
+  Merged so many patches at once that the code fencing
+  ([@adius](https://github.com/adius)) added got broken. Sorry,
+  ([@adius](https://github.com/adius))!
+  ([@othiym23](https://github.com/othiym23))
+
+### v4.0.0 (2016-12-13)
+
+#### BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* [`651d447`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/651d4473946096d341a480bbe56793de3fc706aa)
+  When parsing String-typed arguments, if the next value is `""`, don't simply
+  swallow it. ([@samjonester](https://github.com/samjonester))
+
+#### PERFORMANCE TWEAKS
+
+* [`3370ce8`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/3370ce87a7618ba228883861db84ddbcdff252a9)
+  Simplify initialization. ([@elidoran](https://github.com/elidoran))
+* [`356e58e`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/356e58e3b3b431a4b1af7fd7bdee44c2c0526a09)
+  Store `Array.isArray(types[arg])` for reuse.
+  ([@elidoran](https://github.com/elidoran))
+* [`0d95e90`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/0d95e90515844f266015b56d2c80b94e5d14a07e)
+  Interpret single-item type arrays as a single type.
+  ([@samjonester](https://github.com/samjonester))
+* [`07c69d3`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/07c69d38b5186450941fbb505550becb78a0e925)
+  Simplify key-value extraction. ([@elidoran](https://github.com/elidoran))
+* [`39b6e5c`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/39b6e5c65ac47f60cd43a1fbeece5cd4c834c254)
+  Only call `Date.parse(val)` once. ([@elidoran](https://github.com/elidoran))
+* [`934943d`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/934943dffecb55123a2b15959fe2a359319a5dbd)
+  Use `osenv.home()` to find a user's home directory instead of assuming it's
+  always `$HOME`. ([@othiym23](https://github.com/othiym23))
+
+#### TEST & CI IMPROVEMENTS
+
+* [`326ffff`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/326ffff7f78a00bcd316adecf69075f8a8093619)
+  Fix `/tmp` test to work on Windows.
+  ([@elidoran](https://github.com/elidoran))
+* [`c89d31a`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/c89d31a49d14f2238bc6672db08da697bbc57f1b)
+  Only run Windows tests on Windows, only run Unix tests on a Unix.
+  ([@elidoran](https://github.com/elidoran))
+* [`affd3d1`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/affd3d1d0addffa93006397b2013b18447339366)
+  Refresh Travis to run the tests against the currently-supported batch of npm
+  versions. ([@helio](https://github.com/helio)-frota)
+* [`55f9449`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/55f94497d163ed4d16dd55fd6c4fb95cc440e66d)
+  `tap@8.0.1` ([@othiym23](https://github.com/othiym23))
+
+#### DOC TWEAKS
+
+* [`5271229`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/5271229ee7c810217dd51616c086f5d9ab224581)
+  Use JavaScript code block for syntax highlighting.
+  ([@adius](https://github.com/adius))
+* [`c0d156f`](https://github.com/npm/nopt/commit/c0d156f229f9994c5dfcec4a8886eceff7a07682)
+  The code sample in the README had `many2: [ oneThing ]`, and now it has
+  `many2: [ two, things ]`. ([@silkentrance](https://github.com/silkentrance))
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/nopt/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/nopt/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/nopt/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/nopt/README.md b/backend/node_modules/nopt/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a99531c04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/nopt/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+If you want to write an option parser, and have it be good, there are
+two ways to do it.  The Right Way, and the Wrong Way.
+
+The Wrong Way is to sit down and write an option parser.  We've all done
+that.
+
+The Right Way is to write some complex configurable program with so many
+options that you hit the limit of your frustration just trying to
+manage them all, and defer it with duct-tape solutions until you see
+exactly to the core of the problem, and finally snap and write an
+awesome option parser.
+
+If you want to write an option parser, don't write an option parser.
+Write a package manager, or a source control system, or a service
+restarter, or an operating system.  You probably won't end up with a
+good one of those, but if you don't give up, and you are relentless and
+diligent enough in your procrastination, you may just end up with a very
+nice option parser.
+
+## USAGE
+
+```javascript
+// my-program.js
+var nopt = require("nopt")
+  , Stream = require("stream").Stream
+  , path = require("path")
+  , knownOpts = { "foo" : [String, null]
+                , "bar" : [Stream, Number]
+                , "baz" : path
+                , "bloo" : [ "big", "medium", "small" ]
+                , "flag" : Boolean
+                , "pick" : Boolean
+                , "many1" : [String, Array]
+                , "many2" : [path, Array]
+                }
+  , shortHands = { "foofoo" : ["--foo", "Mr. Foo"]
+                 , "b7" : ["--bar", "7"]
+                 , "m" : ["--bloo", "medium"]
+                 , "p" : ["--pick"]
+                 , "f" : ["--flag"]
+                 }
+             // everything is optional.
+             // knownOpts and shorthands default to {}
+             // arg list defaults to process.argv
+             // slice defaults to 2
+  , parsed = nopt(knownOpts, shortHands, process.argv, 2)
+console.log(parsed)
+```
+
+This would give you support for any of the following:
+
+```console
+$ node my-program.js --foo "blerp" --no-flag
+{ "foo" : "blerp", "flag" : false }
+
+$ node my-program.js ---bar 7 --foo "Mr. Hand" --flag
+{ bar: 7, foo: "Mr. Hand", flag: true }
+
+$ node my-program.js --foo "blerp" -f -----p
+{ foo: "blerp", flag: true, pick: true }
+
+$ node my-program.js -fp --foofoo
+{ foo: "Mr. Foo", flag: true, pick: true }
+
+$ node my-program.js --foofoo -- -fp  # -- stops the flag parsing.
+{ foo: "Mr. Foo", argv: { remain: ["-fp"] } }
+
+$ node my-program.js --blatzk -fp # unknown opts are ok.
+{ blatzk: true, flag: true, pick: true }
+
+$ node my-program.js --blatzk=1000 -fp # but you need to use = if they have a value
+{ blatzk: 1000, flag: true, pick: true }
+
+$ node my-program.js --no-blatzk -fp # unless they start with "no-"
+{ blatzk: false, flag: true, pick: true }
+
+$ node my-program.js --baz b/a/z # known paths are resolved.
+{ baz: "/Users/isaacs/b/a/z" }
+
+# if Array is one of the types, then it can take many
+# values, and will always be an array.  The other types provided
+# specify what types are allowed in the list.
+
+$ node my-program.js --many1 5 --many1 null --many1 foo
+{ many1: ["5", "null", "foo"] }
+
+$ node my-program.js --many2 foo --many2 bar
+{ many2: ["/path/to/foo", "path/to/bar"] }
+```
+
+Read the tests at the bottom of `lib/nopt.js` for more examples of
+what this puppy can do.
+
+## Types
+
+The following types are supported, and defined on `nopt.typeDefs`
+
+* String: A normal string.  No parsing is done.
+* path: A file system path.  Gets resolved against cwd if not absolute.
+* url: A url.  If it doesn't parse, it isn't accepted.
+* Number: Must be numeric.
+* Date: Must parse as a date. If it does, and `Date` is one of the options,
+  then it will return a Date object, not a string.
+* Boolean: Must be either `true` or `false`.  If an option is a boolean,
+  then it does not need a value, and its presence will imply `true` as
+  the value.  To negate boolean flags, do `--no-whatever` or `--whatever
+  false`
+* NaN: Means that the option is strictly not allowed.  Any value will
+  fail.
+* Stream: An object matching the "Stream" class in node.  Valuable
+  for use when validating programmatically.  (npm uses this to let you
+  supply any WriteStream on the `outfd` and `logfd` config options.)
+* Array: If `Array` is specified as one of the types, then the value
+  will be parsed as a list of options.  This means that multiple values
+  can be specified, and that the value will always be an array.
+
+If a type is an array of values not on this list, then those are
+considered valid values.  For instance, in the example above, the
+`--bloo` option can only be one of `"big"`, `"medium"`, or `"small"`,
+and any other value will be rejected.
+
+When parsing unknown fields, `"true"`, `"false"`, and `"null"` will be
+interpreted as their JavaScript equivalents.
+
+You can also mix types and values, or multiple types, in a list.  For
+instance `{ blah: [Number, null] }` would allow a value to be set to
+either a Number or null.  When types are ordered, this implies a
+preference, and the first type that can be used to properly interpret
+the value will be used.
+
+To define a new type, add it to `nopt.typeDefs`.  Each item in that
+hash is an object with a `type` member and a `validate` method.  The
+`type` member is an object that matches what goes in the type list.  The
+`validate` method is a function that gets called with `validate(data,
+key, val)`.  Validate methods should assign `data[key]` to the valid
+value of `val` if it can be handled properly, or return boolean
+`false` if it cannot.
+
+You can also call `nopt.clean(data, types, typeDefs)` to clean up a
+config object and remove its invalid properties.
+
+## Error Handling
+
+By default, nopt outputs a warning to standard error when invalid values for
+known options are found.  You can change this behavior by assigning a method
+to `nopt.invalidHandler`.  This method will be called with
+the offending `nopt.invalidHandler(key, val, types)`.
+
+If no `nopt.invalidHandler` is assigned, then it will console.error
+its whining.  If it is assigned to boolean `false` then the warning is
+suppressed.
+
+## Abbreviations
+
+Yes, they are supported.  If you define options like this:
+
+```javascript
+{ "foolhardyelephants" : Boolean
+, "pileofmonkeys" : Boolean }
+```
+
+Then this will work:
+
+```bash
+node program.js --foolhar --pil
+node program.js --no-f --pileofmon
+# etc.
+```
+
+## Shorthands
+
+Shorthands are a hash of shorter option names to a snippet of args that
+they expand to.
+
+If multiple one-character shorthands are all combined, and the
+combination does not unambiguously match any other option or shorthand,
+then they will be broken up into their constituent parts.  For example:
+
+```json
+{ "s" : ["--loglevel", "silent"]
+, "g" : "--global"
+, "f" : "--force"
+, "p" : "--parseable"
+, "l" : "--long"
+}
+```
+
+```bash
+npm ls -sgflp
+# just like doing this:
+npm ls --loglevel silent --global --force --long --parseable
+```
+
+## The Rest of the args
+
+The config object returned by nopt is given a special member called
+`argv`, which is an object with the following fields:
+
+* `remain`: The remaining args after all the parsing has occurred.
+* `original`: The args as they originally appeared.
+* `cooked`: The args after flags and shorthands are expanded.
+
+## Slicing
+
+Node programs are called with more or less the exact argv as it appears
+in C land, after the v8 and node-specific options have been plucked off.
+As such, `argv[0]` is always `node` and `argv[1]` is always the
+JavaScript program being run.
+
+That's usually not very useful to you.  So they're sliced off by
+default.  If you want them, then you can pass in `0` as the last
+argument, or any other number that you'd like to slice off the start of
+the list.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/nopt/bin/nopt.js b/backend/node_modules/nopt/bin/nopt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3232d4c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/nopt/bin/nopt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+var nopt = require("../lib/nopt")
+  , path = require("path")
+  , types = { num: Number
+            , bool: Boolean
+            , help: Boolean
+            , list: Array
+            , "num-list": [Number, Array]
+            , "str-list": [String, Array]
+            , "bool-list": [Boolean, Array]
+            , str: String
+            , clear: Boolean
+            , config: Boolean
+            , length: Number
+            , file: path
+            }
+  , shorthands = { s: [ "--str", "astring" ]
+                 , b: [ "--bool" ]
+                 , nb: [ "--no-bool" ]
+                 , tft: [ "--bool-list", "--no-bool-list", "--bool-list", "true" ]
+                 , "?": ["--help"]
+                 , h: ["--help"]
+                 , H: ["--help"]
+                 , n: [ "--num", "125" ]
+                 , c: ["--config"]
+                 , l: ["--length"]
+                 , f: ["--file"]
+                 }
+  , parsed = nopt( types
+                 , shorthands
+                 , process.argv
+                 , 2 )
+
+console.log("parsed", parsed)
+
+if (parsed.help) {
+  console.log("")
+  console.log("nopt cli tester")
+  console.log("")
+  console.log("types")
+  console.log(Object.keys(types).map(function M (t) {
+    var type = types[t]
+    if (Array.isArray(type)) {
+      return [t, type.map(function (type) { return type.name })]
+    }
+    return [t, type && type.name]
+  }).reduce(function (s, i) {
+    s[i[0]] = i[1]
+    return s
+  }, {}))
+  console.log("")
+  console.log("shorthands")
+  console.log(shorthands)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/nopt/lib/nopt.js b/backend/node_modules/nopt/lib/nopt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecfa5da93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/nopt/lib/nopt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+// info about each config option.
+
+var debug = process.env.DEBUG_NOPT || process.env.NOPT_DEBUG
+  ? function () { console.error.apply(console, arguments) }
+  : function () {}
+
+var url = require("url")
+  , path = require("path")
+  , Stream = require("stream").Stream
+  , abbrev = require("abbrev")
+  , os = require("os")
+
+module.exports = exports = nopt
+exports.clean = clean
+
+exports.typeDefs =
+  { String  : { type: String,  validate: validateString  }
+  , Boolean : { type: Boolean, validate: validateBoolean }
+  , url     : { type: url,     validate: validateUrl     }
+  , Number  : { type: Number,  validate: validateNumber  }
+  , path    : { type: path,    validate: validatePath    }
+  , Stream  : { type: Stream,  validate: validateStream  }
+  , Date    : { type: Date,    validate: validateDate    }
+  }
+
+function nopt (types, shorthands, args, slice) {
+  args = args || process.argv
+  types = types || {}
+  shorthands = shorthands || {}
+  if (typeof slice !== "number") slice = 2
+
+  debug(types, shorthands, args, slice)
+
+  args = args.slice(slice)
+  var data = {}
+    , key
+    , argv = {
+        remain: [],
+        cooked: args,
+        original: args.slice(0)
+      }
+
+  parse(args, data, argv.remain, types, shorthands)
+  // now data is full
+  clean(data, types, exports.typeDefs)
+  data.argv = argv
+  Object.defineProperty(data.argv, 'toString', { value: function () {
+    return this.original.map(JSON.stringify).join(" ")
+  }, enumerable: false })
+  return data
+}
+
+function clean (data, types, typeDefs) {
+  typeDefs = typeDefs || exports.typeDefs
+  var remove = {}
+    , typeDefault = [false, true, null, String, Array]
+
+  Object.keys(data).forEach(function (k) {
+    if (k === "argv") return
+    var val = data[k]
+      , isArray = Array.isArray(val)
+      , type = types[k]
+    if (!isArray) val = [val]
+    if (!type) type = typeDefault
+    if (type === Array) type = typeDefault.concat(Array)
+    if (!Array.isArray(type)) type = [type]
+
+    debug("val=%j", val)
+    debug("types=", type)
+    val = val.map(function (val) {
+      // if it's an unknown value, then parse false/true/null/numbers/dates
+      if (typeof val === "string") {
+        debug("string %j", val)
+        val = val.trim()
+        if ((val === "null" && ~type.indexOf(null))
+            || (val === "true" &&
+               (~type.indexOf(true) || ~type.indexOf(Boolean)))
+            || (val === "false" &&
+               (~type.indexOf(false) || ~type.indexOf(Boolean)))) {
+          val = JSON.parse(val)
+          debug("jsonable %j", val)
+        } else if (~type.indexOf(Number) && !isNaN(val)) {
+          debug("convert to number", val)
+          val = +val
+        } else if (~type.indexOf(Date) && !isNaN(Date.parse(val))) {
+          debug("convert to date", val)
+          val = new Date(val)
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!types.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
+        return val
+      }
+
+      // allow `--no-blah` to set 'blah' to null if null is allowed
+      if (val === false && ~type.indexOf(null) &&
+          !(~type.indexOf(false) || ~type.indexOf(Boolean))) {
+        val = null
+      }
+
+      var d = {}
+      d[k] = val
+      debug("prevalidated val", d, val, types[k])
+      if (!validate(d, k, val, types[k], typeDefs)) {
+        if (exports.invalidHandler) {
+          exports.invalidHandler(k, val, types[k], data)
+        } else if (exports.invalidHandler !== false) {
+          debug("invalid: "+k+"="+val, types[k])
+        }
+        return remove
+      }
+      debug("validated val", d, val, types[k])
+      return d[k]
+    }).filter(function (val) { return val !== remove })
+
+    // if we allow Array specifically, then an empty array is how we
+    // express 'no value here', not null.  Allow it.
+    if (!val.length && type.indexOf(Array) === -1) {
+      debug('VAL HAS NO LENGTH, DELETE IT', val, k, type.indexOf(Array))
+      delete data[k]
+    }
+    else if (isArray) {
+      debug(isArray, data[k], val)
+      data[k] = val
+    } else data[k] = val[0]
+
+    debug("k=%s val=%j", k, val, data[k])
+  })
+}
+
+function validateString (data, k, val) {
+  data[k] = String(val)
+}
+
+function validatePath (data, k, val) {
+  if (val === true) return false
+  if (val === null) return true
+
+  val = String(val)
+
+  var isWin       = process.platform === 'win32'
+    , homePattern = isWin ? /^~(\/|\\)/ : /^~\//
+    , home        = os.homedir()
+
+  if (home && val.match(homePattern)) {
+    data[k] = path.resolve(home, val.substr(2))
+  } else {
+    data[k] = path.resolve(val)
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+function validateNumber (data, k, val) {
+  debug("validate Number %j %j %j", k, val, isNaN(val))
+  if (isNaN(val)) return false
+  data[k] = +val
+}
+
+function validateDate (data, k, val) {
+  var s = Date.parse(val)
+  debug("validate Date %j %j %j", k, val, s)
+  if (isNaN(s)) return false
+  data[k] = new Date(val)
+}
+
+function validateBoolean (data, k, val) {
+  if (val instanceof Boolean) val = val.valueOf()
+  else if (typeof val === "string") {
+    if (!isNaN(val)) val = !!(+val)
+    else if (val === "null" || val === "false") val = false
+    else val = true
+  } else val = !!val
+  data[k] = val
+}
+
+function validateUrl (data, k, val) {
+  val = url.parse(String(val))
+  if (!val.host) return false
+  data[k] = val.href
+}
+
+function validateStream (data, k, val) {
+  if (!(val instanceof Stream)) return false
+  data[k] = val
+}
+
+function validate (data, k, val, type, typeDefs) {
+  // arrays are lists of types.
+  if (Array.isArray(type)) {
+    for (var i = 0, l = type.length; i < l; i ++) {
+      if (type[i] === Array) continue
+      if (validate(data, k, val, type[i], typeDefs)) return true
+    }
+    delete data[k]
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // an array of anything?
+  if (type === Array) return true
+
+  // NaN is poisonous.  Means that something is not allowed.
+  if (type !== type) {
+    debug("Poison NaN", k, val, type)
+    delete data[k]
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // explicit list of values
+  if (val === type) {
+    debug("Explicitly allowed %j", val)
+    // if (isArray) (data[k] = data[k] || []).push(val)
+    // else data[k] = val
+    data[k] = val
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // now go through the list of typeDefs, validate against each one.
+  var ok = false
+    , types = Object.keys(typeDefs)
+  for (var i = 0, l = types.length; i < l; i ++) {
+    debug("test type %j %j %j", k, val, types[i])
+    var t = typeDefs[types[i]]
+    if (t &&
+      ((type && type.name && t.type && t.type.name) ? (type.name === t.type.name) : (type === t.type))) {
+      var d = {}
+      ok = false !== t.validate(d, k, val)
+      val = d[k]
+      if (ok) {
+        // if (isArray) (data[k] = data[k] || []).push(val)
+        // else data[k] = val
+        data[k] = val
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  debug("OK? %j (%j %j %j)", ok, k, val, types[i])
+
+  if (!ok) delete data[k]
+  return ok
+}
+
+function parse (args, data, remain, types, shorthands) {
+  debug("parse", args, data, remain)
+
+  var key = null
+    , abbrevs = abbrev(Object.keys(types))
+    , shortAbbr = abbrev(Object.keys(shorthands))
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i ++) {
+    var arg = args[i]
+    debug("arg", arg)
+
+    if (arg.match(/^-{2,}$/)) {
+      // done with keys.
+      // the rest are args.
+      remain.push.apply(remain, args.slice(i + 1))
+      args[i] = "--"
+      break
+    }
+    var hadEq = false
+    if (arg.charAt(0) === "-" && arg.length > 1) {
+      var at = arg.indexOf('=')
+      if (at > -1) {
+        hadEq = true
+        var v = arg.substr(at + 1)
+        arg = arg.substr(0, at)
+        args.splice(i, 1, arg, v)
+      }
+
+      // see if it's a shorthand
+      // if so, splice and back up to re-parse it.
+      var shRes = resolveShort(arg, shorthands, shortAbbr, abbrevs)
+      debug("arg=%j shRes=%j", arg, shRes)
+      if (shRes) {
+        debug(arg, shRes)
+        args.splice.apply(args, [i, 1].concat(shRes))
+        if (arg !== shRes[0]) {
+          i --
+          continue
+        }
+      }
+      arg = arg.replace(/^-+/, "")
+      var no = null
+      while (arg.toLowerCase().indexOf("no-") === 0) {
+        no = !no
+        arg = arg.substr(3)
+      }
+
+      if (abbrevs[arg]) arg = abbrevs[arg]
+
+      var argType = types[arg]
+      var isTypeArray = Array.isArray(argType)
+      if (isTypeArray && argType.length === 1) {
+        isTypeArray = false
+        argType = argType[0]
+      }
+
+      var isArray = argType === Array ||
+        isTypeArray && argType.indexOf(Array) !== -1
+
+      // allow unknown things to be arrays if specified multiple times.
+      if (!types.hasOwnProperty(arg) && data.hasOwnProperty(arg)) {
+        if (!Array.isArray(data[arg]))
+          data[arg] = [data[arg]]
+        isArray = true
+      }
+
+      var val
+        , la = args[i + 1]
+
+      var isBool = typeof no === 'boolean' ||
+        argType === Boolean ||
+        isTypeArray && argType.indexOf(Boolean) !== -1 ||
+        (typeof argType === 'undefined' && !hadEq) ||
+        (la === "false" &&
+         (argType === null ||
+          isTypeArray && ~argType.indexOf(null)))
+
+      if (isBool) {
+        // just set and move along
+        val = !no
+        // however, also support --bool true or --bool false
+        if (la === "true" || la === "false") {
+          val = JSON.parse(la)
+          la = null
+          if (no) val = !val
+          i ++
+        }
+
+        // also support "foo":[Boolean, "bar"] and "--foo bar"
+        if (isTypeArray && la) {
+          if (~argType.indexOf(la)) {
+            // an explicit type
+            val = la
+            i ++
+          } else if ( la === "null" && ~argType.indexOf(null) ) {
+            // null allowed
+            val = null
+            i ++
+          } else if ( !la.match(/^-{2,}[^-]/) &&
+                      !isNaN(la) &&
+                      ~argType.indexOf(Number) ) {
+            // number
+            val = +la
+            i ++
+          } else if ( !la.match(/^-[^-]/) && ~argType.indexOf(String) ) {
+            // string
+            val = la
+            i ++
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (isArray) (data[arg] = data[arg] || []).push(val)
+        else data[arg] = val
+
+        continue
+      }
+
+      if (argType === String) {
+        if (la === undefined) {
+          la = ""
+        } else if (la.match(/^-{1,2}[^-]+/)) {
+          la = ""
+          i --
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (la && la.match(/^-{2,}$/)) {
+        la = undefined
+        i --
+      }
+
+      val = la === undefined ? true : la
+      if (isArray) (data[arg] = data[arg] || []).push(val)
+      else data[arg] = val
+
+      i ++
+      continue
+    }
+    remain.push(arg)
+  }
+}
+
+function resolveShort (arg, shorthands, shortAbbr, abbrevs) {
+  // handle single-char shorthands glommed together, like
+  // npm ls -glp, but only if there is one dash, and only if
+  // all of the chars are single-char shorthands, and it's
+  // not a match to some other abbrev.
+  arg = arg.replace(/^-+/, '')
+
+  // if it's an exact known option, then don't go any further
+  if (abbrevs[arg] === arg)
+    return null
+
+  // if it's an exact known shortopt, same deal
+  if (shorthands[arg]) {
+    // make it an array, if it's a list of words
+    if (shorthands[arg] && !Array.isArray(shorthands[arg]))
+      shorthands[arg] = shorthands[arg].split(/\s+/)
+
+    return shorthands[arg]
+  }
+
+  // first check to see if this arg is a set of single-char shorthands
+  var singles = shorthands.___singles
+  if (!singles) {
+    singles = Object.keys(shorthands).filter(function (s) {
+      return s.length === 1
+    }).reduce(function (l,r) {
+      l[r] = true
+      return l
+    }, {})
+    shorthands.___singles = singles
+    debug('shorthand singles', singles)
+  }
+
+  var chrs = arg.split("").filter(function (c) {
+    return singles[c]
+  })
+
+  if (chrs.join("") === arg) return chrs.map(function (c) {
+    return shorthands[c]
+  }).reduce(function (l, r) {
+    return l.concat(r)
+  }, [])
+
+
+  // if it's an arg abbrev, and not a literal shorthand, then prefer the arg
+  if (abbrevs[arg] && !shorthands[arg])
+    return null
+
+  // if it's an abbr for a shorthand, then use that
+  if (shortAbbr[arg])
+    arg = shortAbbr[arg]
+
+  // make it an array, if it's a list of words
+  if (shorthands[arg] && !Array.isArray(shorthands[arg]))
+    shorthands[arg] = shorthands[arg].split(/\s+/)
+
+  return shorthands[arg]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/nopt/package.json b/backend/node_modules/nopt/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..362815baf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/nopt/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "_from": "nopt@^5.0.0",
+  "_id": "nopt@5.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Tbj67rffqceeLpcRXrT7vKAN8CwfPeIBgM7E6iBkmKLV7bEMwpGgYLGv0jACUsECaa/vuxP0IjEont6umdMgtQ==",
+  "_location": "/nopt",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "nopt@^5.0.0",
+    "name": "nopt",
+    "escapedName": "nopt",
+    "rawSpec": "^5.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^5.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nopt/-/nopt-5.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "530942bb58a512fccafe53fe210f13a25355dc88",
+  "_spec": "nopt@^5.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bin": {
+    "nopt": "bin/nopt.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/nopt/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "abbrev": "1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Option parsing for Node, supporting types, shorthands, etc. Used by npm.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^14.10.6"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "bin",
+    "lib"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/nopt#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "lib/nopt.js",
+  "name": "nopt",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/nopt.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "prepublishOnly": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "5.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/npmlog/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51e4abc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+### v4.0.2
+
+* Added installation instructions.
+
+### v4.0.1
+
+* Fix bugs where `log.progressEnabled` got out of sync with how `gauge` kept
+  track of these things resulting in a progressbar that couldn't be disabled.
+
+### v4.0.0
+
+* Allow creating log levels that are an empty string or 0.
+
+### v3.1.2
+
+* Update to `gauge@1.6.0` adding support for default values for template
+  items.
+
+### v3.1.1
+
+* Update to `gauge@1.5.3` to fix to `1.x` compatibility when it comes to
+  when a progress bar is enabled.  In `1.x` if you didn't have a TTY the
+  progress bar was never shown.  In `2.x` it merely defaults to disabled,
+  but you can enable it explicitly if you still want progress updates.
+
+### v3.1.0
+
+* Update to `gauge@2.5.2`:
+  * Updates the `signal-exit` dependency which fixes an incompatibility with
+    the node profiler.
+  * Uses externalizes its ansi code generation in `console-control-strings`
+* Make the default progress bar include the last line printed, colored as it
+  would be when printing to a tty.
+
+### v3.0.0
+
+* Switch to `gauge@2.0.0`, for better performance, better look.
+* Set stderr/stdout blocking if they're tty's, so that we can hide a
+  progress bar going to stderr and then safely print to stdout.  Without
+  this the two can end up overlapping producing confusing and sometimes
+  corrupted output.
+
+### v2.0.0
+
+* Make the `error` event non-fatal so that folks can use it as a prefix.
+
+### v1.0.0
+
+* Add progress bar with `gauge@1.1.0`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/npmlog/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/npmlog/README.md b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..268a4af41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# npmlog
+
+The logger util that npm uses.
+
+This logger is very basic.  It does the logging for npm.  It supports
+custom levels and colored output.
+
+By default, logs are written to stderr.  If you want to send log messages
+to outputs other than streams, then you can change the `log.stream`
+member, or you can just listen to the events that it emits, and do
+whatever you want with them.
+
+# Installation
+
+```console
+npm install npmlog --save
+```
+
+# Basic Usage
+
+```javascript
+var log = require('npmlog')
+
+// additional stuff ---------------------------+
+// message ----------+                         |
+// prefix ----+      |                         |
+// level -+   |      |                         |
+//        v   v      v                         v
+    log.info('fyi', 'I have a kitty cat: %j', myKittyCat)
+```
+
+## log.level
+
+* {String}
+
+The level to display logs at.  Any logs at or above this level will be
+displayed.  The special level `silent` will prevent anything from being
+displayed ever.
+
+## log.record
+
+* {Array}
+
+An array of all the log messages that have been entered.
+
+## log.maxRecordSize
+
+* {Number}
+
+The maximum number of records to keep.  If log.record gets bigger than
+10% over this value, then it is sliced down to 90% of this value.
+
+The reason for the 10% window is so that it doesn't have to resize a
+large array on every log entry.
+
+## log.prefixStyle
+
+* {Object}
+
+A style object that specifies how prefixes are styled.  (See below)
+
+## log.headingStyle
+
+* {Object}
+
+A style object that specifies how the heading is styled.  (See below)
+
+## log.heading
+
+* {String} Default: ""
+
+If set, a heading that is printed at the start of every line.
+
+## log.stream
+
+* {Stream} Default: `process.stderr`
+
+The stream where output is written.
+
+## log.enableColor()
+
+Force colors to be used on all messages, regardless of the output
+stream.
+
+## log.disableColor()
+
+Disable colors on all messages.
+
+## log.enableProgress()
+
+Enable the display of log activity spinner and progress bar
+
+## log.disableProgress()
+
+Disable the display of a progress bar
+
+## log.enableUnicode()
+
+Force the unicode theme to be used for the progress bar.
+
+## log.disableUnicode()
+
+Disable the use of unicode in the progress bar.
+
+## log.setGaugeTemplate(template)
+
+Set a template for outputting the progress bar. See the [gauge documentation] for details.
+
+[gauge documentation]: https://npmjs.com/package/gauge
+
+## log.setGaugeThemeset(themes)
+
+Select a themeset to pick themes from for the progress bar. See the [gauge documentation] for details.
+
+## log.pause()
+
+Stop emitting messages to the stream, but do not drop them.
+
+## log.resume()
+
+Emit all buffered messages that were written while paused.
+
+## log.log(level, prefix, message, ...)
+
+* `level` {String} The level to emit the message at
+* `prefix` {String} A string prefix.  Set to "" to skip.
+* `message...` Arguments to `util.format`
+
+Emit a log message at the specified level.
+
+## log\[level](prefix, message, ...)
+
+For example,
+
+* log.silly(prefix, message, ...)
+* log.verbose(prefix, message, ...)
+* log.info(prefix, message, ...)
+* log.http(prefix, message, ...)
+* log.warn(prefix, message, ...)
+* log.error(prefix, message, ...)
+
+Like `log.log(level, prefix, message, ...)`.  In this way, each level is
+given a shorthand, so you can do `log.info(prefix, message)`.
+
+## log.addLevel(level, n, style, disp)
+
+* `level` {String} Level indicator
+* `n` {Number} The numeric level
+* `style` {Object} Object with fg, bg, inverse, etc.
+* `disp` {String} Optional replacement for `level` in the output.
+
+Sets up a new level with a shorthand function and so forth.
+
+Note that if the number is `Infinity`, then setting the level to that
+will cause all log messages to be suppressed.  If the number is
+`-Infinity`, then the only way to show it is to enable all log messages.
+
+## log.newItem(name, todo, weight)
+
+* `name` {String} Optional; progress item name.
+* `todo` {Number} Optional; total amount of work to be done. Default 0.
+* `weight` {Number} Optional; the weight of this item relative to others. Default 1.
+
+This adds a new `are-we-there-yet` item tracker to the progress tracker. The
+object returned has the `log[level]` methods but is otherwise an
+`are-we-there-yet` `Tracker` object.
+
+## log.newStream(name, todo, weight)
+
+This adds a new `are-we-there-yet` stream tracker to the progress tracker. The
+object returned has the `log[level]` methods but is otherwise an
+`are-we-there-yet` `TrackerStream` object.
+
+## log.newGroup(name, weight)
+
+This adds a new `are-we-there-yet` tracker group to the progress tracker. The
+object returned has the `log[level]` methods but is otherwise an
+`are-we-there-yet` `TrackerGroup` object.
+
+# Events
+
+Events are all emitted with the message object.
+
+* `log` Emitted for all messages
+* `log.<level>` Emitted for all messages with the `<level>` level.
+* `<prefix>` Messages with prefixes also emit their prefix as an event.
+
+# Style Objects
+
+Style objects can have the following fields:
+
+* `fg` {String} Color for the foreground text
+* `bg` {String} Color for the background
+* `bold`, `inverse`, `underline` {Boolean} Set the associated property
+* `bell` {Boolean} Make a noise (This is pretty annoying, probably.)
+
+# Message Objects
+
+Every log event is emitted with a message object, and the `log.record`
+list contains all of them that have been created.  They have the
+following fields:
+
+* `id` {Number}
+* `level` {String}
+* `prefix` {String}
+* `message` {String} Result of `util.format()`
+* `messageRaw` {Array} Arguments to `util.format()`
+
+# Blocking TTYs
+
+We use [`set-blocking`](https://npmjs.com/package/set-blocking) to set
+stderr and stdout blocking if they are tty's and have the setBlocking call.
+This is a work around for an issue in early versions of Node.js 6.x, which
+made stderr and stdout non-blocking on OSX. (They are always blocking
+Windows and were never blocking on Linux.) `npmlog` needs them to be blocking
+so that it can allow output to stdout and stderr to be interlaced.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/npmlog/log.js b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/log.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..341f3313a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/log.js
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+'use strict'
+var Progress = require('are-we-there-yet')
+var Gauge = require('gauge')
+var EE = require('events').EventEmitter
+var log = exports = module.exports = new EE()
+var util = require('util')
+
+var setBlocking = require('set-blocking')
+var consoleControl = require('console-control-strings')
+
+setBlocking(true)
+var stream = process.stderr
+Object.defineProperty(log, 'stream', {
+  set: function (newStream) {
+    stream = newStream
+    if (this.gauge) this.gauge.setWriteTo(stream, stream)
+  },
+  get: function () {
+    return stream
+  }
+})
+
+// by default, decide based on tty-ness.
+var colorEnabled
+log.useColor = function () {
+  return colorEnabled != null ? colorEnabled : stream.isTTY
+}
+
+log.enableColor = function () {
+  colorEnabled = true
+  this.gauge.setTheme({hasColor: colorEnabled, hasUnicode: unicodeEnabled})
+}
+log.disableColor = function () {
+  colorEnabled = false
+  this.gauge.setTheme({hasColor: colorEnabled, hasUnicode: unicodeEnabled})
+}
+
+// default level
+log.level = 'info'
+
+log.gauge = new Gauge(stream, {
+  enabled: false, // no progress bars unless asked
+  theme: {hasColor: log.useColor()},
+  template: [
+    {type: 'progressbar', length: 20},
+    {type: 'activityIndicator', kerning: 1, length: 1},
+    {type: 'section', default: ''},
+    ':',
+    {type: 'logline', kerning: 1, default: ''}
+  ]
+})
+
+log.tracker = new Progress.TrackerGroup()
+
+// we track this separately as we may need to temporarily disable the
+// display of the status bar for our own loggy purposes.
+log.progressEnabled = log.gauge.isEnabled()
+
+var unicodeEnabled
+
+log.enableUnicode = function () {
+  unicodeEnabled = true
+  this.gauge.setTheme({hasColor: this.useColor(), hasUnicode: unicodeEnabled})
+}
+
+log.disableUnicode = function () {
+  unicodeEnabled = false
+  this.gauge.setTheme({hasColor: this.useColor(), hasUnicode: unicodeEnabled})
+}
+
+log.setGaugeThemeset = function (themes) {
+  this.gauge.setThemeset(themes)
+}
+
+log.setGaugeTemplate = function (template) {
+  this.gauge.setTemplate(template)
+}
+
+log.enableProgress = function () {
+  if (this.progressEnabled) return
+  this.progressEnabled = true
+  this.tracker.on('change', this.showProgress)
+  if (this._pause) return
+  this.gauge.enable()
+}
+
+log.disableProgress = function () {
+  if (!this.progressEnabled) return
+  this.progressEnabled = false
+  this.tracker.removeListener('change', this.showProgress)
+  this.gauge.disable()
+}
+
+var trackerConstructors = ['newGroup', 'newItem', 'newStream']
+
+var mixinLog = function (tracker) {
+  // mixin the public methods from log into the tracker
+  // (except: conflicts and one's we handle specially)
+  Object.keys(log).forEach(function (P) {
+    if (P[0] === '_') return
+    if (trackerConstructors.filter(function (C) { return C === P }).length) return
+    if (tracker[P]) return
+    if (typeof log[P] !== 'function') return
+    var func = log[P]
+    tracker[P] = function () {
+      return func.apply(log, arguments)
+    }
+  })
+  // if the new tracker is a group, make sure any subtrackers get
+  // mixed in too
+  if (tracker instanceof Progress.TrackerGroup) {
+    trackerConstructors.forEach(function (C) {
+      var func = tracker[C]
+      tracker[C] = function () { return mixinLog(func.apply(tracker, arguments)) }
+    })
+  }
+  return tracker
+}
+
+// Add tracker constructors to the top level log object
+trackerConstructors.forEach(function (C) {
+  log[C] = function () { return mixinLog(this.tracker[C].apply(this.tracker, arguments)) }
+})
+
+log.clearProgress = function (cb) {
+  if (!this.progressEnabled) return cb && process.nextTick(cb)
+  this.gauge.hide(cb)
+}
+
+log.showProgress = function (name, completed) {
+  if (!this.progressEnabled) return
+  var values = {}
+  if (name) values.section = name
+  var last = log.record[log.record.length - 1]
+  if (last) {
+    values.subsection = last.prefix
+    var disp = log.disp[last.level] || last.level
+    var logline = this._format(disp, log.style[last.level])
+    if (last.prefix) logline += ' ' + this._format(last.prefix, this.prefixStyle)
+    logline += ' ' + last.message.split(/\r?\n/)[0]
+    values.logline = logline
+  }
+  values.completed = completed || this.tracker.completed()
+  this.gauge.show(values)
+}.bind(log) // bind for use in tracker's on-change listener
+
+// temporarily stop emitting, but don't drop
+log.pause = function () {
+  this._paused = true
+  if (this.progressEnabled) this.gauge.disable()
+}
+
+log.resume = function () {
+  if (!this._paused) return
+  this._paused = false
+
+  var b = this._buffer
+  this._buffer = []
+  b.forEach(function (m) {
+    this.emitLog(m)
+  }, this)
+  if (this.progressEnabled) this.gauge.enable()
+}
+
+log._buffer = []
+
+var id = 0
+log.record = []
+log.maxRecordSize = 10000
+log.log = function (lvl, prefix, message) {
+  var l = this.levels[lvl]
+  if (l === undefined) {
+    return this.emit('error', new Error(util.format(
+      'Undefined log level: %j', lvl)))
+  }
+
+  var a = new Array(arguments.length - 2)
+  var stack = null
+  for (var i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+    var arg = a[i - 2] = arguments[i]
+
+    // resolve stack traces to a plain string.
+    if (typeof arg === 'object' && arg &&
+        (arg instanceof Error) && arg.stack) {
+
+      Object.defineProperty(arg, 'stack', {
+        value: stack = arg.stack + '',
+        enumerable: true,
+        writable: true
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  if (stack) a.unshift(stack + '\n')
+  message = util.format.apply(util, a)
+
+  var m = { id: id++,
+            level: lvl,
+            prefix: String(prefix || ''),
+            message: message,
+            messageRaw: a }
+
+  this.emit('log', m)
+  this.emit('log.' + lvl, m)
+  if (m.prefix) this.emit(m.prefix, m)
+
+  this.record.push(m)
+  var mrs = this.maxRecordSize
+  var n = this.record.length - mrs
+  if (n > mrs / 10) {
+    var newSize = Math.floor(mrs * 0.9)
+    this.record = this.record.slice(-1 * newSize)
+  }
+
+  this.emitLog(m)
+}.bind(log)
+
+log.emitLog = function (m) {
+  if (this._paused) {
+    this._buffer.push(m)
+    return
+  }
+  if (this.progressEnabled) this.gauge.pulse(m.prefix)
+  var l = this.levels[m.level]
+  if (l === undefined) return
+  if (l < this.levels[this.level]) return
+  if (l > 0 && !isFinite(l)) return
+
+  // If 'disp' is null or undefined, use the lvl as a default
+  // Allows: '', 0 as valid disp
+  var disp = log.disp[m.level] != null ? log.disp[m.level] : m.level
+  this.clearProgress()
+  m.message.split(/\r?\n/).forEach(function (line) {
+    if (this.heading) {
+      this.write(this.heading, this.headingStyle)
+      this.write(' ')
+    }
+    this.write(disp, log.style[m.level])
+    var p = m.prefix || ''
+    if (p) this.write(' ')
+    this.write(p, this.prefixStyle)
+    this.write(' ' + line + '\n')
+  }, this)
+  this.showProgress()
+}
+
+log._format = function (msg, style) {
+  if (!stream) return
+
+  var output = ''
+  if (this.useColor()) {
+    style = style || {}
+    var settings = []
+    if (style.fg) settings.push(style.fg)
+    if (style.bg) settings.push('bg' + style.bg[0].toUpperCase() + style.bg.slice(1))
+    if (style.bold) settings.push('bold')
+    if (style.underline) settings.push('underline')
+    if (style.inverse) settings.push('inverse')
+    if (settings.length) output += consoleControl.color(settings)
+    if (style.beep) output += consoleControl.beep()
+  }
+  output += msg
+  if (this.useColor()) {
+    output += consoleControl.color('reset')
+  }
+  return output
+}
+
+log.write = function (msg, style) {
+  if (!stream) return
+
+  stream.write(this._format(msg, style))
+}
+
+log.addLevel = function (lvl, n, style, disp) {
+  // If 'disp' is null or undefined, use the lvl as a default
+  if (disp == null) disp = lvl
+  this.levels[lvl] = n
+  this.style[lvl] = style
+  if (!this[lvl]) {
+    this[lvl] = function () {
+      var a = new Array(arguments.length + 1)
+      a[0] = lvl
+      for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+        a[i + 1] = arguments[i]
+      }
+      return this.log.apply(this, a)
+    }.bind(this)
+  }
+  this.disp[lvl] = disp
+}
+
+log.prefixStyle = { fg: 'magenta' }
+log.headingStyle = { fg: 'white', bg: 'black' }
+
+log.style = {}
+log.levels = {}
+log.disp = {}
+log.addLevel('silly', -Infinity, { inverse: true }, 'sill')
+log.addLevel('verbose', 1000, { fg: 'blue', bg: 'black' }, 'verb')
+log.addLevel('info', 2000, { fg: 'green' })
+log.addLevel('timing', 2500, { fg: 'green', bg: 'black' })
+log.addLevel('http', 3000, { fg: 'green', bg: 'black' })
+log.addLevel('notice', 3500, { fg: 'blue', bg: 'black' })
+log.addLevel('warn', 4000, { fg: 'black', bg: 'yellow' }, 'WARN')
+log.addLevel('error', 5000, { fg: 'red', bg: 'black' }, 'ERR!')
+log.addLevel('silent', Infinity)
+
+// allow 'error' prefix
+log.on('error', function () {})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/npmlog/package.json b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbab0884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/npmlog/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "_from": "npmlog@^4.1.2",
+  "_id": "npmlog@4.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-2uUqazuKlTaSI/dC8AzicUck7+IrEaOnN/e0jd3Xtt1KcGpwx30v50mL7oPyr/h9bL3E4aZccVwpwP+5W9Vjkg==",
+  "_location": "/npmlog",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "npmlog@^4.1.2",
+    "name": "npmlog",
+    "escapedName": "npmlog",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/npmlog/-/npmlog-4.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "08a7f2a8bf734604779a9efa4ad5cc717abb954b",
+  "_spec": "npmlog@^4.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/npmlog/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "are-we-there-yet": "~1.1.2",
+    "console-control-strings": "~1.1.0",
+    "gauge": "~2.7.3",
+    "set-blocking": "~2.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "logger for npm",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "~7.1.2",
+    "tap": "~5.7.3"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "log.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/npmlog#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "log.js",
+  "name": "npmlog",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/npmlog.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "4.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/index.js b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79be4b9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+'use strict';
+module.exports = Number.isNaN || function (x) {
+	return x !== x;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/license b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/package.json b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ab589854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "_from": "number-is-nan@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "number-is-nan@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-CXtgK1NCKlIsGvuHkDGDNpQaAR0=",
+  "_location": "/number-is-nan",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "number-is-nan@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "number-is-nan",
+    "escapedName": "number-is-nan",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/is-fullwidth-code-point"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/number-is-nan/-/number-is-nan-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "097b602b53422a522c1afb8790318336941a011d",
+  "_spec": "number-is-nan@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\is-fullwidth-code-point",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/number-is-nan/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "ES2015 Number.isNaN() ponyfill",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "*"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/number-is-nan#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "es2015",
+    "ecmascript",
+    "ponyfill",
+    "polyfill",
+    "shim",
+    "number",
+    "is",
+    "nan",
+    "not"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "number-is-nan",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/number-is-nan.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "ava"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..246350871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/number-is-nan/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# number-is-nan [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/number-is-nan.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/number-is-nan)
+
+> ES2015 [`Number.isNaN()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/isNaN) [ponyfill](https://ponyfill.com)
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save number-is-nan
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var numberIsNan = require('number-is-nan');
+
+numberIsNan(NaN);
+//=> true
+
+numberIsNan('unicorn');
+//=> false
+```
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](http://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/object-assign/index.js b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0930cf889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+object-assign
+(c) Sindre Sorhus
+@license MIT
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
+var getOwnPropertySymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var propIsEnumerable = Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable;
+
+function toObject(val) {
+	if (val === null || val === undefined) {
+		throw new TypeError('Object.assign cannot be called with null or undefined');
+	}
+
+	return Object(val);
+}
+
+function shouldUseNative() {
+	try {
+		if (!Object.assign) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Detect buggy property enumeration order in older V8 versions.
+
+		// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=4118
+		var test1 = new String('abc');  // eslint-disable-line no-new-wrappers
+		test1[5] = 'de';
+		if (Object.getOwnPropertyNames(test1)[0] === '5') {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3056
+		var test2 = {};
+		for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+			test2['_' + String.fromCharCode(i)] = i;
+		}
+		var order2 = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(test2).map(function (n) {
+			return test2[n];
+		});
+		if (order2.join('') !== '0123456789') {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3056
+		var test3 = {};
+		'abcdefghijklmnopqrst'.split('').forEach(function (letter) {
+			test3[letter] = letter;
+		});
+		if (Object.keys(Object.assign({}, test3)).join('') !==
+				'abcdefghijklmnopqrst') {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	} catch (err) {
+		// We don't expect any of the above to throw, but better to be safe.
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+module.exports = shouldUseNative() ? Object.assign : function (target, source) {
+	var from;
+	var to = toObject(target);
+	var symbols;
+
+	for (var s = 1; s < arguments.length; s++) {
+		from = Object(arguments[s]);
+
+		for (var key in from) {
+			if (hasOwnProperty.call(from, key)) {
+				to[key] = from[key];
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (getOwnPropertySymbols) {
+			symbols = getOwnPropertySymbols(from);
+			for (var i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+				if (propIsEnumerable.call(from, symbols[i])) {
+					to[symbols[i]] = from[symbols[i]];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return to;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/object-assign/license b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/object-assign/package.json b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ea0367a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "_from": "object-assign@^4",
+  "_id": "object-assign@4.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-IQmtx5ZYh8/AXLvUQsrIv7s2CGM=",
+  "_location": "/object-assign",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "object-assign@^4",
+    "name": "object-assign",
+    "escapedName": "object-assign",
+    "rawSpec": "^4",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/cors"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/object-assign/-/object-assign-4.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2109adc7965887cfc05cbbd442cac8bfbb360863",
+  "_spec": "object-assign@^4",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\cors",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/object-assign/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "ES2015 `Object.assign()` ponyfill",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "^0.16.0",
+    "lodash": "^4.16.4",
+    "matcha": "^0.7.0",
+    "xo": "^0.16.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/object-assign#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "object",
+    "assign",
+    "extend",
+    "properties",
+    "es2015",
+    "ecmascript",
+    "harmony",
+    "ponyfill",
+    "prollyfill",
+    "polyfill",
+    "shim",
+    "browser"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "object-assign",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/object-assign.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "matcha bench.js",
+    "test": "xo && ava"
+  },
+  "version": "4.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/object-assign/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1be09d35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/object-assign/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# object-assign [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/object-assign.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/object-assign)
+
+> ES2015 [`Object.assign()`](http://www.2ality.com/2014/01/object-assign.html) [ponyfill](https://ponyfill.com)
+
+
+## Use the built-in
+
+Node.js 4 and up, as well as every evergreen browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera, Safari),
+support `Object.assign()` :tada:. If you target only those environments, then by all
+means, use `Object.assign()` instead of this package.
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save object-assign
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+const objectAssign = require('object-assign');
+
+objectAssign({foo: 0}, {bar: 1});
+//=> {foo: 0, bar: 1}
+
+// multiple sources
+objectAssign({foo: 0}, {bar: 1}, {baz: 2});
+//=> {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
+
+// overwrites equal keys
+objectAssign({foo: 0}, {foo: 1}, {foo: 2});
+//=> {foo: 2}
+
+// ignores null and undefined sources
+objectAssign({foo: 0}, null, {bar: 1}, undefined);
+//=> {foo: 0, bar: 1}
+```
+
+
+## API
+
+### objectAssign(target, [source, ...])
+
+Assigns enumerable own properties of `source` objects to the `target` object and returns the `target` object. Additional `source` objects will overwrite previous ones.
+
+
+## Resources
+
+- [ES2015 spec - Object.assign](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-object.assign)
+
+
+## Related
+
+- [deep-assign](https://github.com/sindresorhus/deep-assign) - Recursive `Object.assign()`
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](https://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/on-finished/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98ff0e992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+2.3.0 / 2015-05-26
+==================
+
+  * Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+  * Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+  * deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+
+2.2.1 / 2015-04-22
+==================
+
+  * Fix `isFinished(req)` when data buffered
+
+2.2.0 / 2014-12-22
+==================
+
+  * Add message object to callback arguments
+
+2.1.1 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+
+  * Fix handling of pipelined requests
+
+2.1.0 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * Check if `socket` is detached
+  * Return `undefined` for `isFinished` if state unknown
+
+2.0.0 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * Add `isFinished` function
+  * Move to `jshttp` organization
+  * Remove support for plain socket argument
+  * Rename to `on-finished`
+  * Support both `req` and `res` as arguments
+  * deps: ee-first@1.0.5
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-06-10
+==================
+
+  * Reduce listeners added to emitters
+    - avoids "event emitter leak" warnings when used multiple times on same request
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-06-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix returned value when already finished
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-06-05
+==================
+
+  * Call callback when called on already-finished socket
+
+1.1.4 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+  * Support node.js 0.8
+
+1.1.3 / 2014-04-30
+==================
+
+  * Make sure errors passed as instanceof `Error`
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-04-18
+==================
+
+  * Default the `socket` to passed-in object
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-01-16
+==================
+
+  * Rename module to `finished`
+
+1.1.0 / 2013-12-25
+==================
+
+  * Call callback when called on already-errored socket
+
+1.0.1 / 2013-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Actually pass the error to the callback
+
+1.0.0 / 2013-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/on-finished/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5931fd23e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/on-finished/README.md b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0e115744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# on-finished
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Execute a callback when a HTTP request closes, finishes, or errors.
+
+## Install
+
+```sh
+$ npm install on-finished
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+```
+
+### onFinished(res, listener)
+
+Attach a listener to listen for the response to finish. The listener will
+be invoked only once when the response finished. If the response finished
+to an error, the first argument will contain the error. If the response
+has already finished, the listener will be invoked.
+
+Listening to the end of a response would be used to close things associated
+with the response, like open files.
+
+Listener is invoked as `listener(err, res)`.
+
+```js
+onFinished(res, function (err, res) {
+  // clean up open fds, etc.
+  // err contains the error is request error'd
+})
+```
+
+### onFinished(req, listener)
+
+Attach a listener to listen for the request to finish. The listener will
+be invoked only once when the request finished. If the request finished
+to an error, the first argument will contain the error. If the request
+has already finished, the listener will be invoked.
+
+Listening to the end of a request would be used to know when to continue
+after reading the data.
+
+Listener is invoked as `listener(err, req)`.
+
+```js
+var data = ''
+
+req.setEncoding('utf8')
+res.on('data', function (str) {
+  data += str
+})
+
+onFinished(req, function (err, req) {
+  // data is read unless there is err
+})
+```
+
+### onFinished.isFinished(res)
+
+Determine if `res` is already finished. This would be useful to check and
+not even start certain operations if the response has already finished.
+
+### onFinished.isFinished(req)
+
+Determine if `req` is already finished. This would be useful to check and
+not even start certain operations if the request has already finished.
+
+## Special Node.js requests
+
+### HTTP CONNECT method
+
+The meaning of the `CONNECT` method from RFC 7231, section 4.3.6:
+
+> The CONNECT method requests that the recipient establish a tunnel to
+> the destination origin server identified by the request-target and,
+> if successful, thereafter restrict its behavior to blind forwarding
+> of packets, in both directions, until the tunnel is closed.  Tunnels
+> are commonly used to create an end-to-end virtual connection, through
+> one or more proxies, which can then be secured using TLS (Transport
+> Layer Security, [RFC5246]).
+
+In Node.js, these request objects come from the `'connect'` event on
+the HTTP server.
+
+When this module is used on a HTTP `CONNECT` request, the request is
+considered "finished" immediately, **due to limitations in the Node.js
+interface**. This means if the `CONNECT` request contains a request entity,
+the request will be considered "finished" even before it has been read.
+
+There is no such thing as a response object to a `CONNECT` request in
+Node.js, so there is no support for for one.
+
+### HTTP Upgrade request
+
+The meaning of the `Upgrade` header from RFC 7230, section 6.1:
+
+> The "Upgrade" header field is intended to provide a simple mechanism
+> for transitioning from HTTP/1.1 to some other protocol on the same
+> connection.
+
+In Node.js, these request objects come from the `'upgrade'` event on
+the HTTP server.
+
+When this module is used on a HTTP request with an `Upgrade` header, the
+request is considered "finished" immediately, **due to limitations in the
+Node.js interface**. This means if the `Upgrade` request contains a request
+entity, the request will be considered "finished" even before it has been
+read.
+
+There is no such thing as a response object to a `Upgrade` request in
+Node.js, so there is no support for for one.
+
+## Example
+
+The following code ensures that file descriptors are always closed
+once the response finishes.
+
+```js
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+var http = require('http')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+
+http.createServer(function onRequest(req, res) {
+  var stream = fs.createReadStream('package.json')
+  stream.pipe(res)
+  onFinished(res, function (err) {
+    destroy(stream)
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/on-finished.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/on-finished
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/on-finished.svg
+[node-version-url]: http://nodejs.org/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/on-finished/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/on-finished
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/on-finished/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/on-finished?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/on-finished.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/on-finished
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/on-finished/index.js b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9abd98f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*!
+ * on-finished
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = onFinished
+module.exports.isFinished = isFinished
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var first = require('ee-first')
+
+/**
+ * Variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+var defer = typeof setImmediate === 'function'
+  ? setImmediate
+  : function(fn){ process.nextTick(fn.bind.apply(fn, arguments)) }
+
+/**
+ * Invoke callback when the response has finished, useful for
+ * cleaning up resources afterwards.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @param {function} listener
+ * @return {object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function onFinished(msg, listener) {
+  if (isFinished(msg) !== false) {
+    defer(listener, null, msg)
+    return msg
+  }
+
+  // attach the listener to the message
+  attachListener(msg, listener)
+
+  return msg
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if message is already finished.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function isFinished(msg) {
+  var socket = msg.socket
+
+  if (typeof msg.finished === 'boolean') {
+    // OutgoingMessage
+    return Boolean(msg.finished || (socket && !socket.writable))
+  }
+
+  if (typeof msg.complete === 'boolean') {
+    // IncomingMessage
+    return Boolean(msg.upgrade || !socket || !socket.readable || (msg.complete && !msg.readable))
+  }
+
+  // don't know
+  return undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attach a finished listener to the message.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function attachFinishedListener(msg, callback) {
+  var eeMsg
+  var eeSocket
+  var finished = false
+
+  function onFinish(error) {
+    eeMsg.cancel()
+    eeSocket.cancel()
+
+    finished = true
+    callback(error)
+  }
+
+  // finished on first message event
+  eeMsg = eeSocket = first([[msg, 'end', 'finish']], onFinish)
+
+  function onSocket(socket) {
+    // remove listener
+    msg.removeListener('socket', onSocket)
+
+    if (finished) return
+    if (eeMsg !== eeSocket) return
+
+    // finished on first socket event
+    eeSocket = first([[socket, 'error', 'close']], onFinish)
+  }
+
+  if (msg.socket) {
+    // socket already assigned
+    onSocket(msg.socket)
+    return
+  }
+
+  // wait for socket to be assigned
+  msg.on('socket', onSocket)
+
+  if (msg.socket === undefined) {
+    // node.js 0.8 patch
+    patchAssignSocket(msg, onSocket)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attach the listener to the message.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function attachListener(msg, listener) {
+  var attached = msg.__onFinished
+
+  // create a private single listener with queue
+  if (!attached || !attached.queue) {
+    attached = msg.__onFinished = createListener(msg)
+    attachFinishedListener(msg, attached)
+  }
+
+  attached.queue.push(listener)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create listener on message.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createListener(msg) {
+  function listener(err) {
+    if (msg.__onFinished === listener) msg.__onFinished = null
+    if (!listener.queue) return
+
+    var queue = listener.queue
+    listener.queue = null
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
+      queue[i](err, msg)
+    }
+  }
+
+  listener.queue = []
+
+  return listener
+}
+
+/**
+ * Patch ServerResponse.prototype.assignSocket for node.js 0.8.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerResponse} res
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function patchAssignSocket(res, callback) {
+  var assignSocket = res.assignSocket
+
+  if (typeof assignSocket !== 'function') return
+
+  // res.on('socket', callback) is broken in 0.8
+  res.assignSocket = function _assignSocket(socket) {
+    assignSocket.call(this, socket)
+    callback(socket)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/on-finished/package.json b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddbc8efd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/on-finished/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "_from": "on-finished@~2.3.0",
+  "_id": "on-finished@2.3.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-IPEzZIGwg811M3mSoWlxqi2QaUc=",
+  "_location": "/on-finished",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "on-finished@~2.3.0",
+    "name": "on-finished",
+    "escapedName": "on-finished",
+    "rawSpec": "~2.3.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~2.3.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/express",
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/on-finished/-/on-finished-2.3.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "20f1336481b083cd75337992a16971aa2d906947",
+  "_spec": "on-finished@~2.3.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/on-finished/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ee-first": "1.1.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Execute a callback when a request closes, finishes, or errors",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.3.9",
+    "mocha": "2.2.5"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/on-finished#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "on-finished",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/on-finished.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "2.3.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/once/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/once/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/once/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/once/README.md b/backend/node_modules/once/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f1ffca93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/once/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# once
+
+Only call a function once.
+
+## usage
+
+```javascript
+var once = require('once')
+
+function load (file, cb) {
+  cb = once(cb)
+  loader.load('file')
+  loader.once('load', cb)
+  loader.once('error', cb)
+}
+```
+
+Or add to the Function.prototype in a responsible way:
+
+```javascript
+// only has to be done once
+require('once').proto()
+
+function load (file, cb) {
+  cb = cb.once()
+  loader.load('file')
+  loader.once('load', cb)
+  loader.once('error', cb)
+}
+```
+
+Ironically, the prototype feature makes this module twice as
+complicated as necessary.
+
+To check whether you function has been called, use `fn.called`. Once the
+function is called for the first time the return value of the original
+function is saved in `fn.value` and subsequent calls will continue to
+return this value.
+
+```javascript
+var once = require('once')
+
+function load (cb) {
+  cb = once(cb)
+  var stream = createStream()
+  stream.once('data', cb)
+  stream.once('end', function () {
+    if (!cb.called) cb(new Error('not found'))
+  })
+}
+```
+
+## `once.strict(func)`
+
+Throw an error if the function is called twice.
+
+Some functions are expected to be called only once. Using `once` for them would
+potentially hide logical errors.
+
+In the example below, the `greet` function has to call the callback only once:
+
+```javascript
+function greet (name, cb) {
+  // return is missing from the if statement
+  // when no name is passed, the callback is called twice
+  if (!name) cb('Hello anonymous')
+  cb('Hello ' + name)
+}
+
+function log (msg) {
+  console.log(msg)
+}
+
+// this will print 'Hello anonymous' but the logical error will be missed
+greet(null, once(msg))
+
+// once.strict will print 'Hello anonymous' and throw an error when the callback will be called the second time
+greet(null, once.strict(msg))
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/once/once.js b/backend/node_modules/once/once.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..235406736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/once/once.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+var wrappy = require('wrappy')
+module.exports = wrappy(once)
+module.exports.strict = wrappy(onceStrict)
+
+once.proto = once(function () {
+  Object.defineProperty(Function.prototype, 'once', {
+    value: function () {
+      return once(this)
+    },
+    configurable: true
+  })
+
+  Object.defineProperty(Function.prototype, 'onceStrict', {
+    value: function () {
+      return onceStrict(this)
+    },
+    configurable: true
+  })
+})
+
+function once (fn) {
+  var f = function () {
+    if (f.called) return f.value
+    f.called = true
+    return f.value = fn.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+  f.called = false
+  return f
+}
+
+function onceStrict (fn) {
+  var f = function () {
+    if (f.called)
+      throw new Error(f.onceError)
+    f.called = true
+    return f.value = fn.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+  var name = fn.name || 'Function wrapped with `once`'
+  f.onceError = name + " shouldn't be called more than once"
+  f.called = false
+  return f
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/once/package.json b/backend/node_modules/once/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc9b88ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/once/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "_from": "once@^1.3.0",
+  "_id": "once@1.4.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-WDsap3WWHUsROsF9nFC6753Xa9E=",
+  "_location": "/once",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "once@^1.3.0",
+    "name": "once",
+    "escapedName": "once",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.3.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.3.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/glob",
+    "/inflight"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/once/-/once-1.4.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "583b1aa775961d4b113ac17d9c50baef9dd76bd1",
+  "_spec": "once@^1.3.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\glob",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/once/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "wrappy": "1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Run a function exactly one time",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^7.0.1"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "once.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/once#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "once",
+    "function",
+    "one",
+    "single"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "once.js",
+  "name": "once",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/once.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.4.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/optional-require/README.md b/backend/node_modules/optional-require/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db36522cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/optional-require/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] [![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Dependency Status][daviddm-image]][daviddm-url] [![devDependency Status][daviddm-dev-image]][daviddm-dev-url]
+
+# Optional Require
+
+NodeJS Require that let you handle module not found error without try/catch.  Allows you to gracefully require a module only if it exists and contains no error.
+
+# Usage
+
+```js
+const optionalRequire = require("optional-require")(require);
+
+const foo = optionalRequire("foo") || {};
+const bar = optionalRequire("bar", true); // true enables console.log a message when not found
+const xyz = optionalRequire("xyz", "test"); // "test" enables console.log a message with "test" added.
+const fbPath = optionalRequire.resolve("foo", "foo doesn't exist");
+const rel = optionalRequire("../foo/bar"); // relative module path works
+```
+
+# Install
+
+```bash
+$ npm i optional-require --save
+```
+
+# API
+
+#### [optionalRequire(require)](#optionalrequirerequire)
+
+The single function this module exports.  Call it with `require` to get a custom function for you to do optional require from your file's require context.  See [Usage](#usage) above.
+
+#### [customOptionalRequire(path, \[message|options\])](#customoptionalrequirepath-messageoptions)
+
+The function [optionalRequire](#optionalrequirerequire) returns for you to do optional require from your file's require context.
+
+##### Params
+
+-   `path` - name/path to the module your want to optionally require
+-   `message` - optional flag/message to enable `console.log` a message when module is not found
+-   `options` - an optional object with the following fields
+    -   `message` - see above
+    -   `fail` - callback for when an error that's _not_ `MODULE_NOT_FOUND` for `path` occurred
+    -   `notFound` - callback for when `path` was not found
+        -   The value from this is returned
+    -   `default` - default value to returned when not found - not allowed with `notFound` together
+
+##### Returns
+
+-   module required or one of the following if not found
+    -   `undefined` or
+    -   return value from `options.notFound` if it's specified
+    -   `options.default` if it's specified
+
+##### Throws
+
+-   rethrows any error that's not `MODULE_NOT_FOUND` for the module `path`
+
+#### [customOptionalRequire.resolve(path, \[message\])](#customoptionalrequireresolvepath-message)
+
+Same as [customOptionalRequire](#customoptionalrequirepath-messageoptions) but acts like `require.resolve`
+
+#### [optionalRequire.log(message, path)](#optionalrequirelogmessage-path)
+
+The function that will be called to log the message when optional module is not found.  You can override this with your own function.
+
+#### [optionalRequire.try(require, path, \[message|options\])](#optionalrequiretryrequire-path-messageoptions)
+
+Same as [customOptionalRequire](#customoptionalrequirepath-messageoptions) but you have to pass in `require` from your file's context.
+
+#### [optionalRequire.resolve(require, path, \[message|options\])](#optionalrequireresolverequire-path-messageoptions)
+
+Same as [customOptionalRequire.resolve](#customoptionalrequirepath-messageoptions) but you have to pass in `require` from your file's context.
+
+# LICENSE
+
+Apache-2.0 © [Joel Chen](https://github.com/jchip)
+
+[travis-image]: https://travis-ci.org/jchip/optional-require.svg?branch=master
+
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jchip/optional-require
+
+[npm-image]: https://badge.fury.io/js/optional-require.svg
+
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/optional-require
+
+[daviddm-image]: https://david-dm.org/jchip/optional-require/status.svg
+
+[daviddm-url]: https://david-dm.org/jchip/optional-require
+
+[daviddm-dev-image]: https://david-dm.org/jchip/optional-require/dev-status.svg
+
+[daviddm-dev-url]: https://david-dm.org/jchip/optional-require?type=dev
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/optional-require/index.js b/backend/node_modules/optional-require/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62c9ae927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/optional-require/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const assert = require("assert");
+
+function findModuleNotFound(err, name) {
+  // Check the first line of the error message
+  const msg = err.message.split("\n")[0];
+  return msg && (
+    // Check for "Cannot find module 'foo'"
+    msg.includes(`'${name}'`)
+    // Check for "Your application tried to access foo (a peer dependency) ..." (Yarn v2 PnP)
+    // https://github.com/yarnpkg/berry/blob/e81dc0d29bb2f41818d9c5c1c74bab1406fb979b/packages/yarnpkg-pnp/sources/loader/makeApi.ts#L680
+    || msg.includes(` ${name} `)
+    // Check for "Your application tried to access foo. While ..." (Yarn v2 PnP)
+    // https://github.com/yarnpkg/berry/blob/e81dc0d29bb2f41818d9c5c1c74bab1406fb979b/packages/yarnpkg-pnp/sources/loader/makeApi.ts#L704
+    || msg.includes(` ${name}. `)
+    // Check for "Your application tried to access foo, but ..." (Yarn v2 PnP)
+    // https://github.com/yarnpkg/berry/blob/e81dc0d29bb2f41818d9c5c1c74bab1406fb979b/packages/yarnpkg-pnp/sources/loader/makeApi.ts#L718
+    || msg.includes(` ${name}, `)
+  );
+}
+
+function _optionalRequire(callerRequire, resolve, path, message) {
+  let opts;
+
+  if (typeof message === "object") {
+    opts = message;
+    assert(
+      !(opts.hasOwnProperty("notFound") && opts.hasOwnProperty("default")),
+      "optionalRequire: options set with both `notFound` and `default`"
+    );
+  } else {
+    opts = { message };
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return resolve ? callerRequire.resolve(path) : callerRequire(path);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e.code !== "MODULE_NOT_FOUND" || !findModuleNotFound(e, path)) {
+      // if the module we are requiring fail because it try to require a
+      // module that's not found, then we have to report this as failed.
+      if (typeof opts.fail === "function") {
+        return opts.fail(e);
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    if (opts.message) {
+      const message = typeof opts.message === "string" ? `${opts.message} - ` : "";
+      const r = resolve ? "resolved" : "found";
+      optionalRequire.log(`${message}optional module not ${r}`, path);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.notFound === "function") {
+      return opts.notFound(e);
+    }
+
+    return opts.default;
+  }
+}
+
+const tryRequire = (callerRequire, path, message) => _optionalRequire(callerRequire, false, path, message);
+const tryResolve = (callerRequire, path, message) => _optionalRequire(callerRequire, true, path, message);
+
+function optionalRequire(callerRequire) {
+  const x = (path, message) => tryRequire(callerRequire, path, message);
+  x.resolve = (path, message) => tryResolve(callerRequire, path, message);
+  return x;
+}
+
+optionalRequire.try = tryRequire;
+optionalRequire.tryResolve = tryResolve;
+optionalRequire.resolve = tryResolve;
+optionalRequire.log = (message, path) => console.log(`Just FYI: ${message}; Path "${path}"`);
+module.exports = optionalRequire;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/optional-require/package.json b/backend/node_modules/optional-require/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdd71ca58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/optional-require/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "optional-require@^1.0.3",
+  "_id": "optional-require@1.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-RV2Zp2MY2aeYK5G+B/Sps8lW5NHAzE5QClbFP15j+PWmP+T9PxlJXBOOLoSAdgwFvS4t0aMR4vpedMkbHfh0nA==",
+  "_location": "/optional-require",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "optional-require@^1.0.3",
+    "name": "optional-require",
+    "escapedName": "optional-require",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongodb"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/optional-require/-/optional-require-1.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "275b8e9df1dc6a17ad155369c2422a440f89cb07",
+  "_spec": "optional-require@^1.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongodb",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Joel Chen"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jchip/optional-require/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "NodeJS Require that let you handle module not found error without try/catch",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "^3.2.0",
+    "prettier": "1.19.1",
+    "require-at": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=4"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jchip/optional-require#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "optional require",
+    "optional",
+    "require"
+  ],
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "optional-require",
+  "prettier": {
+    "printWidth": 120
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jchip/optional-require.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "istanbul cover _mocha -- test/spec/*.js",
+    "test": "mocha test/spec"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/parseurl/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e409541d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+1.3.3 / 2019-04-15
+==================
+
+  * Fix Node.js 0.8 return value inconsistencies
+
+1.3.2 / 2017-09-09
+==================
+
+  * perf: reduce overhead for full URLs
+  * perf: unroll the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+
+1.3.1 / 2016-01-17
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-08-09
+==================
+
+  * Add `parseurl.original` for parsing `req.originalUrl` with fallback
+  * Return `undefined` if `req.url` is `undefined`
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-07-21
+==================
+
+  * Cache URLs based on original value
+  * Remove no-longer-needed URL mis-parse work-around
+  * Simplify the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+
+1.1.3 / 2014-07-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix typo
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-07-08
+==================
+
+  * Seriously fix Node.js 0.8 compatibility
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-07-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix Node.js 0.8 compatibility
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-07-08
+==================
+
+  * Incorporate URL href-only parse fast-path
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-03-08
+==================
+
+  * Add missing `require`
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-03-08
+==================
+
+  * Genesis from `connect`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/parseurl/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27653d3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/parseurl/README.md b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..443e716b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# parseurl
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Parse a URL with memoization.
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install parseurl
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var parseurl = require('parseurl')
+```
+
+### parseurl(req)
+
+Parse the URL of the given request object (looks at the `req.url` property)
+and return the result. The result is the same as `url.parse` in Node.js core.
+Calling this function multiple times on the same `req` where `req.url` does
+not change will return a cached parsed object, rather than parsing again.
+
+### parseurl.original(req)
+
+Parse the original URL of the given request object and return the result.
+This works by trying to parse `req.originalUrl` if it is a string, otherwise
+parses `req.url`. The result is the same as `url.parse` in Node.js core.
+Calling this function multiple times on the same `req` where `req.originalUrl`
+does not change will return a cached parsed object, rather than parsing again.
+
+## Benchmark
+
+```bash
+$ npm run-script bench
+
+> parseurl@1.3.3 bench nodejs-parseurl
+> node benchmark/index.js
+
+  http_parser@2.8.0
+  node@10.6.0
+  v8@6.7.288.46-node.13
+  uv@1.21.0
+  zlib@1.2.11
+  ares@1.14.0
+  modules@64
+  nghttp2@1.32.0
+  napi@3
+  openssl@1.1.0h
+  icu@61.1
+  unicode@10.0
+  cldr@33.0
+  tz@2018c
+
+> node benchmark/fullurl.js
+
+  Parsing URL "http://localhost:8888/foo/bar?user=tj&pet=fluffy"
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  fasturl            x 2,207,842 ops/sec ±3.76% (184 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - legacy x   507,180 ops/sec ±0.82% (191 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - whatwg x   290,044 ops/sec ±1.96% (189 runs sampled)
+  parseurl           x   488,907 ops/sec ±2.13% (192 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/pathquery.js
+
+  Parsing URL "/foo/bar?user=tj&pet=fluffy"
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  fasturl            x 3,812,564 ops/sec ±3.15% (188 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - legacy x 2,651,631 ops/sec ±1.68% (189 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - whatwg x   161,837 ops/sec ±2.26% (189 runs sampled)
+  parseurl           x 4,166,338 ops/sec ±2.23% (184 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/samerequest.js
+
+  Parsing URL "/foo/bar?user=tj&pet=fluffy" on same request object
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  fasturl            x  3,821,651 ops/sec ±2.42% (185 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - legacy x  2,651,162 ops/sec ±1.90% (187 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - whatwg x    175,166 ops/sec ±1.44% (188 runs sampled)
+  parseurl           x 14,912,606 ops/sec ±3.59% (183 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/simplepath.js
+
+  Parsing URL "/foo/bar"
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  fasturl            x 12,421,765 ops/sec ±2.04% (191 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - legacy x  7,546,036 ops/sec ±1.41% (188 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - whatwg x    198,843 ops/sec ±1.83% (189 runs sampled)
+  parseurl           x 24,244,006 ops/sec ±0.51% (194 runs sampled)
+
+> node benchmark/slash.js
+
+  Parsing URL "/"
+
+  4 tests completed.
+
+  fasturl            x 17,159,456 ops/sec ±3.25% (188 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - legacy x 11,635,097 ops/sec ±3.79% (184 runs sampled)
+  nativeurl - whatwg x    240,693 ops/sec ±0.83% (189 runs sampled)
+  parseurl           x 42,279,067 ops/sec ±0.55% (190 runs sampled)
+```
+
+## License
+
+  [MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/pillarjs/parseurl/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/parseurl?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/parseurl
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/parseurl
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/parseurl
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/parseurl
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/pillarjs/parseurl/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/parseurl
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/parseurl/index.js b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ece722327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*!
+ * parseurl
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var url = require('url')
+var parse = url.parse
+var Url = url.Url
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = parseurl
+module.exports.original = originalurl
+
+/**
+ * Parse the `req` url with memoization.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerRequest} req
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function parseurl (req) {
+  var url = req.url
+
+  if (url === undefined) {
+    // URL is undefined
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  var parsed = req._parsedUrl
+
+  if (fresh(url, parsed)) {
+    // Return cached URL parse
+    return parsed
+  }
+
+  // Parse the URL
+  parsed = fastparse(url)
+  parsed._raw = url
+
+  return (req._parsedUrl = parsed)
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the `req` original url with fallback and memoization.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerRequest} req
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function originalurl (req) {
+  var url = req.originalUrl
+
+  if (typeof url !== 'string') {
+    // Fallback
+    return parseurl(req)
+  }
+
+  var parsed = req._parsedOriginalUrl
+
+  if (fresh(url, parsed)) {
+    // Return cached URL parse
+    return parsed
+  }
+
+  // Parse the URL
+  parsed = fastparse(url)
+  parsed._raw = url
+
+  return (req._parsedOriginalUrl = parsed)
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the `str` url with fast-path short-cut.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function fastparse (str) {
+  if (typeof str !== 'string' || str.charCodeAt(0) !== 0x2f /* / */) {
+    return parse(str)
+  }
+
+  var pathname = str
+  var query = null
+  var search = null
+
+  // This takes the regexp from https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/7878
+  // Which is /^(\/[^?#\s]*)(\?[^#\s]*)?$/
+  // And unrolls it into a for loop
+  for (var i = 1; i < str.length; i++) {
+    switch (str.charCodeAt(i)) {
+      case 0x3f: /* ?  */
+        if (search === null) {
+          pathname = str.substring(0, i)
+          query = str.substring(i + 1)
+          search = str.substring(i)
+        }
+        break
+      case 0x09: /* \t */
+      case 0x0a: /* \n */
+      case 0x0c: /* \f */
+      case 0x0d: /* \r */
+      case 0x20: /*    */
+      case 0x23: /* #  */
+      case 0xa0:
+      case 0xfeff:
+        return parse(str)
+    }
+  }
+
+  var url = Url !== undefined
+    ? new Url()
+    : {}
+
+  url.path = str
+  url.href = str
+  url.pathname = pathname
+
+  if (search !== null) {
+    url.query = query
+    url.search = search
+  }
+
+  return url
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if parsed is still fresh for url.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @param {object} parsedUrl
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function fresh (url, parsedUrl) {
+  return typeof parsedUrl === 'object' &&
+    parsedUrl !== null &&
+    (Url === undefined || parsedUrl instanceof Url) &&
+    parsedUrl._raw === url
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/parseurl/package.json b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ffabc123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/parseurl/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "_from": "parseurl@~1.3.3",
+  "_id": "parseurl@1.3.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-CiyeOxFT/JZyN5m0z9PfXw4SCBJ6Sygz1Dpl0wqjlhDEGGBP1GnsUVEL0p63hoG1fcj3fHynXi9NYO4nWOL+qQ==",
+  "_location": "/parseurl",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "parseurl@~1.3.3",
+    "name": "parseurl",
+    "escapedName": "parseurl",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.3.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.3.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/serve-static"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parseurl/-/parseurl-1.3.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "9da19e7bee8d12dff0513ed5b76957793bc2e8d4",
+  "_spec": "parseurl@~1.3.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/parseurl/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "parse a url with memoization",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "7.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "fast-url-parser": "1.1.3",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "6.1.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/pillarjs/parseurl#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "parseurl",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/pillarjs/parseurl.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --check-leaks --bail --reporter spec test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --check-leaks --reporter dot test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --check-leaks --reporter spec test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.3.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/index.js b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22aa6c356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+function posix(path) {
+	return path.charAt(0) === '/';
+}
+
+function win32(path) {
+	// https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/b3fcc245fb25539909ef1d5eaa01dbf92e168633/lib/path.js#L56
+	var splitDeviceRe = /^([a-zA-Z]:|[\\\/]{2}[^\\\/]+[\\\/]+[^\\\/]+)?([\\\/])?([\s\S]*?)$/;
+	var result = splitDeviceRe.exec(path);
+	var device = result[1] || '';
+	var isUnc = Boolean(device && device.charAt(1) !== ':');
+
+	// UNC paths are always absolute
+	return Boolean(result[2] || isUnc);
+}
+
+module.exports = process.platform === 'win32' ? win32 : posix;
+module.exports.posix = posix;
+module.exports.win32 = win32;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/license b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/package.json b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38564cb60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "_from": "path-is-absolute@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "path-is-absolute@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-F0uSaHNVNP+8es5r9TpanhtcX18=",
+  "_location": "/path-is-absolute",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "path-is-absolute@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "path-is-absolute",
+    "escapedName": "path-is-absolute",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/glob"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-is-absolute/-/path-is-absolute-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "174b9268735534ffbc7ace6bf53a5a9e1b5c5f5f",
+  "_spec": "path-is-absolute@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\glob",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-is-absolute/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Node.js 0.12 path.isAbsolute() ponyfill",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "xo": "^0.16.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-is-absolute#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "path",
+    "paths",
+    "file",
+    "dir",
+    "absolute",
+    "isabsolute",
+    "is-absolute",
+    "built-in",
+    "util",
+    "utils",
+    "core",
+    "ponyfill",
+    "polyfill",
+    "shim",
+    "is",
+    "detect",
+    "check"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "path-is-absolute",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-is-absolute.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "xo && node test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dbdf5fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-is-absolute/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# path-is-absolute [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/path-is-absolute.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/path-is-absolute)
+
+> Node.js 0.12 [`path.isAbsolute()`](http://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_isabsolute_path) [ponyfill](https://ponyfill.com)
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save path-is-absolute
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+const pathIsAbsolute = require('path-is-absolute');
+
+// Running on Linux
+pathIsAbsolute('/home/foo');
+//=> true
+pathIsAbsolute('C:/Users/foo');
+//=> false
+
+// Running on Windows
+pathIsAbsolute('C:/Users/foo');
+//=> true
+pathIsAbsolute('/home/foo');
+//=> false
+
+// Running on any OS
+pathIsAbsolute.posix('/home/foo');
+//=> true
+pathIsAbsolute.posix('C:/Users/foo');
+//=> false
+pathIsAbsolute.win32('C:/Users/foo');
+//=> true
+pathIsAbsolute.win32('/home/foo');
+//=> false
+```
+
+
+## API
+
+See the [`path.isAbsolute()` docs](http://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_isabsolute_path).
+
+### pathIsAbsolute(path)
+
+### pathIsAbsolute.posix(path)
+
+POSIX specific version.
+
+### pathIsAbsolute.win32(path)
+
+Windows specific version.
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](https://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/History.md b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f6587846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+0.1.7 / 2015-07-28
+==================
+
+  * Fixed regression with escaped round brackets and matching groups.
+
+0.1.6 / 2015-06-19
+==================
+
+  * Replace `index` feature by outputting all parameters, unnamed and named.
+
+0.1.5 / 2015-05-08
+==================
+
+  * Add an index property for position in match result.
+
+0.1.4 / 2015-03-05
+==================
+
+  * Add license information
+
+0.1.3 / 2014-07-06
+==================
+
+  * Better array support
+  * Improved support for trailing slash in non-ending mode
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-03-06
+==================
+
+  * add options.end
+
+0.0.2 / 2013-02-10
+==================
+
+  * Update to match current express
+  * add .license property to component.json
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..983fbe8ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Blake Embrey (hello@blakeembrey.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95452a6e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Path-to-RegExp
+
+Turn an Express-style path string such as `/user/:name` into a regular expression.
+
+**Note:** This is a legacy branch. You should upgrade to `1.x`.
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var pathToRegexp = require('path-to-regexp');
+```
+
+### pathToRegexp(path, keys, options)
+
+ - **path** A string in the express format, an array of such strings, or a regular expression
+ - **keys** An array to be populated with the keys present in the url.  Once the function completes, this will be an array of strings.
+ - **options**
+   - **options.sensitive** Defaults to false, set this to true to make routes case sensitive
+   - **options.strict** Defaults to false, set this to true to make the trailing slash matter.
+   - **options.end** Defaults to true, set this to false to only match the prefix of the URL.
+
+```javascript
+var keys = [];
+var exp = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys);
+//keys = ['bar']
+//exp = /^\/foo\/(?:([^\/]+?))\/?$/i
+```
+
+## Live Demo
+
+You can see a live demo of this library in use at [express-route-tester](http://forbeslindesay.github.com/express-route-tester/).
+
+## License
+
+  MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/index.js b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..500d1dad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/**
+ * Expose `pathtoRegexp`.
+ */
+
+module.exports = pathtoRegexp;
+
+/**
+ * Match matching groups in a regular expression.
+ */
+var MATCHING_GROUP_REGEXP = /\((?!\?)/g;
+
+/**
+ * Normalize the given path string,
+ * returning a regular expression.
+ *
+ * An empty array should be passed,
+ * which will contain the placeholder
+ * key names. For example "/user/:id" will
+ * then contain ["id"].
+ *
+ * @param  {String|RegExp|Array} path
+ * @param  {Array} keys
+ * @param  {Object} options
+ * @return {RegExp}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function pathtoRegexp(path, keys, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  keys = keys || [];
+  var strict = options.strict;
+  var end = options.end !== false;
+  var flags = options.sensitive ? '' : 'i';
+  var extraOffset = 0;
+  var keysOffset = keys.length;
+  var i = 0;
+  var name = 0;
+  var m;
+
+  if (path instanceof RegExp) {
+    while (m = MATCHING_GROUP_REGEXP.exec(path.source)) {
+      keys.push({
+        name: name++,
+        optional: false,
+        offset: m.index
+      });
+    }
+
+    return path;
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
+    // Map array parts into regexps and return their source. We also pass
+    // the same keys and options instance into every generation to get
+    // consistent matching groups before we join the sources together.
+    path = path.map(function (value) {
+      return pathtoRegexp(value, keys, options).source;
+    });
+
+    return new RegExp('(?:' + path.join('|') + ')', flags);
+  }
+
+  path = ('^' + path + (strict ? '' : path[path.length - 1] === '/' ? '?' : '/?'))
+    .replace(/\/\(/g, '/(?:')
+    .replace(/([\/\.])/g, '\\$1')
+    .replace(/(\\\/)?(\\\.)?:(\w+)(\(.*?\))?(\*)?(\?)?/g, function (match, slash, format, key, capture, star, optional, offset) {
+      slash = slash || '';
+      format = format || '';
+      capture = capture || '([^\\/' + format + ']+?)';
+      optional = optional || '';
+
+      keys.push({
+        name: key,
+        optional: !!optional,
+        offset: offset + extraOffset
+      });
+
+      var result = ''
+        + (optional ? '' : slash)
+        + '(?:'
+        + format + (optional ? slash : '') + capture
+        + (star ? '((?:[\\/' + format + '].+?)?)' : '')
+        + ')'
+        + optional;
+
+      extraOffset += result.length - match.length;
+
+      return result;
+    })
+    .replace(/\*/g, function (star, index) {
+      var len = keys.length
+
+      while (len-- > keysOffset && keys[len].offset > index) {
+        keys[len].offset += 3; // Replacement length minus asterisk length.
+      }
+
+      return '(.*)';
+    });
+
+  // This is a workaround for handling unnamed matching groups.
+  while (m = MATCHING_GROUP_REGEXP.exec(path)) {
+    var escapeCount = 0;
+    var index = m.index;
+
+    while (path.charAt(--index) === '\\') {
+      escapeCount++;
+    }
+
+    // It's possible to escape the bracket.
+    if (escapeCount % 2 === 1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (keysOffset + i === keys.length || keys[keysOffset + i].offset > m.index) {
+      keys.splice(keysOffset + i, 0, {
+        name: name++, // Unnamed matching groups must be consistently linear.
+        optional: false,
+        offset: m.index
+      });
+    }
+
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  // If the path is non-ending, match until the end or a slash.
+  path += (end ? '$' : (path[path.length - 1] === '/' ? '' : '(?=\\/|$)'));
+
+  return new RegExp(path, flags);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/package.json b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..faf36c035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/path-to-regexp/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "_from": "path-to-regexp@0.1.7",
+  "_id": "path-to-regexp@0.1.7",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-32BBeABfUi8V60SQ5yR6G/qmf4w=",
+  "_location": "/path-to-regexp",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "path-to-regexp@0.1.7",
+    "name": "path-to-regexp",
+    "escapedName": "path-to-regexp",
+    "rawSpec": "0.1.7",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.1.7"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-to-regexp/-/path-to-regexp-0.1.7.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "df604178005f522f15eb4490e7247a1bfaa67f8c",
+  "_spec": "path-to-regexp@0.1.7",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/component/path-to-regexp/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "component": {
+    "scripts": {
+      "path-to-regexp": "index.js"
+    }
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Express style path to RegExp utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "^0.2.6",
+    "mocha": "^1.17.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/component/path-to-regexp#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "express",
+    "regexp"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "path-to-regexp",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/component/path-to-regexp.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "istanbul cover _mocha -- -R spec"
+  },
+  "version": "0.1.7"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/index.js b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eecf1148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use strict';
+
+if (typeof process === 'undefined' ||
+    !process.version ||
+    process.version.indexOf('v0.') === 0 ||
+    process.version.indexOf('v1.') === 0 && process.version.indexOf('v1.8.') !== 0) {
+  module.exports = { nextTick: nextTick };
+} else {
+  module.exports = process
+}
+
+function nextTick(fn, arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('"callback" argument must be a function');
+  }
+  var len = arguments.length;
+  var args, i;
+  switch (len) {
+  case 0:
+  case 1:
+    return process.nextTick(fn);
+  case 2:
+    return process.nextTick(function afterTickOne() {
+      fn.call(null, arg1);
+    });
+  case 3:
+    return process.nextTick(function afterTickTwo() {
+      fn.call(null, arg1, arg2);
+    });
+  case 4:
+    return process.nextTick(function afterTickThree() {
+      fn.call(null, arg1, arg2, arg3);
+    });
+  default:
+    args = new Array(len - 1);
+    i = 0;
+    while (i < args.length) {
+      args[i++] = arguments[i];
+    }
+    return process.nextTick(function afterTick() {
+      fn.apply(null, args);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/license.md b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c67e3532b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Calvin Metcalf
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+**THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.**
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/package.json b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3cf1f5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "_from": "process-nextick-args@~2.0.0",
+  "_id": "process-nextick-args@2.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-3ouUOpQhtgrbOa17J7+uxOTpITYWaGP7/AhoR3+A+/1e9skrzelGi/dXzEYyvbxubEF6Wn2ypscTKiKJFFn1ag==",
+  "_location": "/process-nextick-args",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "process-nextick-args@~2.0.0",
+    "name": "process-nextick-args",
+    "escapedName": "process-nextick-args",
+    "rawSpec": "~2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/process-nextick-args/-/process-nextick-args-2.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7820d9b16120cc55ca9ae7792680ae7dba6d7fe2",
+  "_spec": "process-nextick-args@~2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "author": "",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/calvinmetcalf/process-nextick-args/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "process.nextTick but always with args",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "~0.2.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/calvinmetcalf/process-nextick-args",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "process-nextick-args",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/calvinmetcalf/process-nextick-args.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecb432c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/process-nextick-args/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+process-nextick-args
+=====
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/calvinmetcalf/process-nextick-args.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/calvinmetcalf/process-nextick-args)
+
+```bash
+npm install --save process-nextick-args
+```
+
+Always be able to pass arguments to process.nextTick, no matter the platform
+
+```js
+var pna = require('process-nextick-args');
+
+pna.nextTick(function (a, b, c) {
+  console.log(a, b, c);
+}, 'step', 3,  'profit');
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8480242a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+2.0.7 / 2021-05-31
+==================
+
+  * deps: forwarded@0.2.0
+    - Use `req.socket` over deprecated `req.connection`
+
+2.0.6 / 2020-02-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.9.1
+
+2.0.5 / 2019-04-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.9.0
+
+2.0.4 / 2018-07-26
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.8.0
+
+2.0.3 / 2018-02-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.6.0
+
+2.0.2 / 2017-09-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: forwarded@~0.1.2
+    - perf: improve header parsing
+    - perf: reduce overhead when no `X-Forwarded-For` header
+
+2.0.1 / 2017-09-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: forwarded@~0.1.1
+    - Fix trimming leading / trailing OWS
+    - perf: hoist regular expression
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.5.2
+
+2.0.0 / 2017-08-08
+==================
+
+  * Drop support for Node.js below 0.10
+
+1.1.5 / 2017-07-25
+==================
+
+  * Fix array argument being altered
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.4.0
+
+1.1.4 / 2017-03-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.3.0
+
+1.1.3 / 2017-01-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.2.0
+
+1.1.2 / 2016-05-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.1.1
+    - Fix IPv6-mapped IPv4 validation edge cases
+
+1.1.1 / 2016-05-03
+==================
+
+  * Fix regression matching mixed versions against multiple subnets
+
+1.1.0 / 2016-05-01
+==================
+
+  * Fix accepting various invalid netmasks
+    - IPv4 netmasks must be contingous
+    - IPv6 addresses cannot be used as a netmask
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.1.0
+
+1.0.10 / 2015-12-09
+===================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.0.5
+    - Fix regression in `isValid` with non-string arguments
+
+1.0.9 / 2015-12-01
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.0.4
+    - Fix accepting some invalid IPv6 addresses
+    - Reject CIDRs with negative or overlong masks
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.0.8 / 2015-05-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@1.0.1
+
+1.0.7 / 2015-03-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.9
+    - Fix OOM on certain inputs to `isValid`
+
+1.0.6 / 2015-02-01
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.8
+
+1.0.5 / 2015-01-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.6
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-11-23
+==================
+
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.5
+    - Fix edge cases with `isValid`
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-09-21
+==================
+
+  * Use `forwarded` npm module
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-09-18
+==================
+
+  * Fix a global leak when multiple subnets are trusted
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+  * deps: ipaddr.js@0.1.3
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-06-03
+==================
+
+  * Fix links in npm package
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-05-08
+==================
+
+  * Add `trust` argument to determine proxy trust on
+    * Accepts custom function
+    * Accepts IPv4/IPv6 address(es)
+    * Accepts subnets
+    * Accepts pre-defined names
+  * Add optional `trust` argument to `proxyaddr.all` to
+    stop at first untrusted
+  * Add `proxyaddr.compile` to pre-compile `trust` function
+    to make subsequent calls faster
+
+0.0.1 / 2014-05-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix bad npm publish
+
+0.0.0 / 2014-05-04
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cab251c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/README.md b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69c0b63ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# proxy-addr
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][ci-image]][ci-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Determine address of proxied request
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install proxy-addr
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var proxyaddr = require('proxy-addr')
+```
+
+### proxyaddr(req, trust)
+
+Return the address of the request, using the given `trust` parameter.
+
+The `trust` argument is a function that returns `true` if you trust
+the address, `false` if you don't. The closest untrusted address is
+returned.
+
+```js
+proxyaddr(req, function (addr) { return addr === '127.0.0.1' })
+proxyaddr(req, function (addr, i) { return i < 1 })
+```
+
+The `trust` arugment may also be a single IP address string or an
+array of trusted addresses, as plain IP addresses, CIDR-formatted
+strings, or IP/netmask strings.
+
+```js
+proxyaddr(req, '127.0.0.1')
+proxyaddr(req, ['127.0.0.0/8', '10.0.0.0/8'])
+proxyaddr(req, ['127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0', '192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0'])
+```
+
+This module also supports IPv6. Your IPv6 addresses will be normalized
+automatically (i.e. `fe80::00ed:1` equals `fe80:0:0:0:0:0:ed:1`).
+
+```js
+proxyaddr(req, '::1')
+proxyaddr(req, ['::1/128', 'fe80::/10'])
+```
+
+This module will automatically work with IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses
+as well to support node.js in IPv6-only mode. This means that you do
+not have to specify both `::ffff:a00:1` and `10.0.0.1`.
+
+As a convenience, this module also takes certain pre-defined names
+in addition to IP addresses, which expand into IP addresses:
+
+```js
+proxyaddr(req, 'loopback')
+proxyaddr(req, ['loopback', 'fc00:ac:1ab5:fff::1/64'])
+```
+
+  * `loopback`: IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses (like `::1` and
+    `127.0.0.1`).
+  * `linklocal`: IPv4 and IPv6 link-local addresses (like
+    `fe80::1:1:1:1` and `169.254.0.1`).
+  * `uniquelocal`: IPv4 private addresses and IPv6 unique-local
+    addresses (like `fc00:ac:1ab5:fff::1` and `192.168.0.1`).
+
+When `trust` is specified as a function, it will be called for each
+address to determine if it is a trusted address. The function is
+given two arguments: `addr` and `i`, where `addr` is a string of
+the address to check and `i` is a number that represents the distance
+from the socket address.
+
+### proxyaddr.all(req, [trust])
+
+Return all the addresses of the request, optionally stopping at the
+first untrusted. This array is ordered from closest to furthest
+(i.e. `arr[0] === req.connection.remoteAddress`).
+
+```js
+proxyaddr.all(req)
+```
+
+The optional `trust` argument takes the same arguments as `trust`
+does in `proxyaddr(req, trust)`.
+
+```js
+proxyaddr.all(req, 'loopback')
+```
+
+### proxyaddr.compile(val)
+
+Compiles argument `val` into a `trust` function. This function takes
+the same arguments as `trust` does in `proxyaddr(req, trust)` and
+returns a function suitable for `proxyaddr(req, trust)`.
+
+```js
+var trust = proxyaddr.compile('loopback')
+var addr = proxyaddr(req, trust)
+```
+
+This function is meant to be optimized for use against every request.
+It is recommend to compile a trust function up-front for the trusted
+configuration and pass that to `proxyaddr(req, trust)` for each request.
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+```sh
+$ npm run-script bench
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/jshttp/proxy-addr/master?label=ci
+[ci-url]: https://github.com/jshttp/proxy-addr/actions?query=workflow%3Aci
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/proxy-addr/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/proxy-addr?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/proxy-addr
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/proxy-addr
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/proxy-addr
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/proxy-addr
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/index.js b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a909b0506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/*!
+ * proxy-addr
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = proxyaddr
+module.exports.all = alladdrs
+module.exports.compile = compile
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var forwarded = require('forwarded')
+var ipaddr = require('ipaddr.js')
+
+/**
+ * Variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var DIGIT_REGEXP = /^[0-9]+$/
+var isip = ipaddr.isValid
+var parseip = ipaddr.parse
+
+/**
+ * Pre-defined IP ranges.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var IP_RANGES = {
+  linklocal: ['169.254.0.0/16', 'fe80::/10'],
+  loopback: ['127.0.0.1/8', '::1/128'],
+  uniquelocal: ['10.0.0.0/8', '172.16.0.0/12', '192.168.0.0/16', 'fc00::/7']
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get all addresses in the request, optionally stopping
+ * at the first untrusted.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} request
+ * @param {Function|Array|String} [trust]
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function alladdrs (req, trust) {
+  // get addresses
+  var addrs = forwarded(req)
+
+  if (!trust) {
+    // Return all addresses
+    return addrs
+  }
+
+  if (typeof trust !== 'function') {
+    trust = compile(trust)
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < addrs.length - 1; i++) {
+    if (trust(addrs[i], i)) continue
+
+    addrs.length = i + 1
+  }
+
+  return addrs
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile argument into trust function.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|String} val
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compile (val) {
+  if (!val) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument is required')
+  }
+
+  var trust
+
+  if (typeof val === 'string') {
+    trust = [val]
+  } else if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    trust = val.slice()
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('unsupported trust argument')
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < trust.length; i++) {
+    val = trust[i]
+
+    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(IP_RANGES, val)) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // Splice in pre-defined range
+    val = IP_RANGES[val]
+    trust.splice.apply(trust, [i, 1].concat(val))
+    i += val.length - 1
+  }
+
+  return compileTrust(compileRangeSubnets(trust))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile `arr` elements into range subnets.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} arr
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compileRangeSubnets (arr) {
+  var rangeSubnets = new Array(arr.length)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    rangeSubnets[i] = parseipNotation(arr[i])
+  }
+
+  return rangeSubnets
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile range subnet array into trust function.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} rangeSubnets
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function compileTrust (rangeSubnets) {
+  // Return optimized function based on length
+  var len = rangeSubnets.length
+  return len === 0
+    ? trustNone
+    : len === 1
+      ? trustSingle(rangeSubnets[0])
+      : trustMulti(rangeSubnets)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse IP notation string into range subnet.
+ *
+ * @param {String} note
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseipNotation (note) {
+  var pos = note.lastIndexOf('/')
+  var str = pos !== -1
+    ? note.substring(0, pos)
+    : note
+
+  if (!isip(str)) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid IP address: ' + str)
+  }
+
+  var ip = parseip(str)
+
+  if (pos === -1 && ip.kind() === 'ipv6' && ip.isIPv4MappedAddress()) {
+    // Store as IPv4
+    ip = ip.toIPv4Address()
+  }
+
+  var max = ip.kind() === 'ipv6'
+    ? 128
+    : 32
+
+  var range = pos !== -1
+    ? note.substring(pos + 1, note.length)
+    : null
+
+  if (range === null) {
+    range = max
+  } else if (DIGIT_REGEXP.test(range)) {
+    range = parseInt(range, 10)
+  } else if (ip.kind() === 'ipv4' && isip(range)) {
+    range = parseNetmask(range)
+  } else {
+    range = null
+  }
+
+  if (range <= 0 || range > max) {
+    throw new TypeError('invalid range on address: ' + note)
+  }
+
+  return [ip, range]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse netmask string into CIDR range.
+ *
+ * @param {String} netmask
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseNetmask (netmask) {
+  var ip = parseip(netmask)
+  var kind = ip.kind()
+
+  return kind === 'ipv4'
+    ? ip.prefixLengthFromSubnetMask()
+    : null
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine address of proxied request.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} request
+ * @param {Function|Array|String} trust
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function proxyaddr (req, trust) {
+  if (!req) {
+    throw new TypeError('req argument is required')
+  }
+
+  if (!trust) {
+    throw new TypeError('trust argument is required')
+  }
+
+  var addrs = alladdrs(req, trust)
+  var addr = addrs[addrs.length - 1]
+
+  return addr
+}
+
+/**
+ * Static trust function to trust nothing.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function trustNone () {
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile trust function for multiple subnets.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} subnets
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function trustMulti (subnets) {
+  return function trust (addr) {
+    if (!isip(addr)) return false
+
+    var ip = parseip(addr)
+    var ipconv
+    var kind = ip.kind()
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < subnets.length; i++) {
+      var subnet = subnets[i]
+      var subnetip = subnet[0]
+      var subnetkind = subnetip.kind()
+      var subnetrange = subnet[1]
+      var trusted = ip
+
+      if (kind !== subnetkind) {
+        if (subnetkind === 'ipv4' && !ip.isIPv4MappedAddress()) {
+          // Incompatible IP addresses
+          continue
+        }
+
+        if (!ipconv) {
+          // Convert IP to match subnet IP kind
+          ipconv = subnetkind === 'ipv4'
+            ? ip.toIPv4Address()
+            : ip.toIPv4MappedAddress()
+        }
+
+        trusted = ipconv
+      }
+
+      if (trusted.match(subnetip, subnetrange)) {
+        return true
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compile trust function for single subnet.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} subnet
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function trustSingle (subnet) {
+  var subnetip = subnet[0]
+  var subnetkind = subnetip.kind()
+  var subnetisipv4 = subnetkind === 'ipv4'
+  var subnetrange = subnet[1]
+
+  return function trust (addr) {
+    if (!isip(addr)) return false
+
+    var ip = parseip(addr)
+    var kind = ip.kind()
+
+    if (kind !== subnetkind) {
+      if (subnetisipv4 && !ip.isIPv4MappedAddress()) {
+        // Incompatible IP addresses
+        return false
+      }
+
+      // Convert IP to match subnet IP kind
+      ip = subnetisipv4
+        ? ip.toIPv4Address()
+        : ip.toIPv4MappedAddress()
+    }
+
+    return ip.match(subnetip, subnetrange)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/package.json b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9206cc007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/proxy-addr/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+  "_from": "proxy-addr@~2.0.5",
+  "_id": "proxy-addr@2.0.7",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-llQsMLSUDUPT44jdrU/O37qlnifitDP+ZwrmmZcoSKyLKvtZxpyV0n2/bD/N4tBAAZ/gJEdZU7KMraoK1+XYAg==",
+  "_location": "/proxy-addr",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "proxy-addr@~2.0.5",
+    "name": "proxy-addr",
+    "escapedName": "proxy-addr",
+    "rawSpec": "~2.0.5",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~2.0.5"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/proxy-addr/-/proxy-addr-2.0.7.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f19fe69ceab311eeb94b42e70e8c2070f9ba1025",
+  "_spec": "proxy-addr@~2.0.5",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/proxy-addr/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "forwarded": "0.2.0",
+    "ipaddr.js": "1.9.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Determine address of proxied request",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "deep-equal": "1.0.1",
+    "eslint": "7.26.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "14.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.23.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "2.2.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.3.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
+    "mocha": "8.4.0",
+    "nyc": "15.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/proxy-addr#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "ip",
+    "proxy",
+    "x-forwarded-for"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "proxy-addr",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/proxy-addr.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.7"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/.editorconfig b/backend/node_modules/qs/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4893ddfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = lf
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+max_line_length = 160
+
+[test/*]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[*.md]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[*.json]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[Makefile]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[CHANGELOG.md]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+
+[LICENSE]
+indent_size = 2
+max_line_length = off
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/.eslintignore b/backend/node_modules/qs/.eslintignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1521c8b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/.eslintignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+dist
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/.eslintrc b/backend/node_modules/qs/.eslintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3bde898e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/.eslintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+    "root": true,
+
+    "extends": "@ljharb",
+
+    "rules": {
+        "complexity": 0,
+        "consistent-return": 1,
+		"func-name-matching": 0,
+        "id-length": [2, { "min": 1, "max": 25, "properties": "never" }],
+        "indent": [2, 4],
+        "max-lines-per-function": [2, { "max": 150 }],
+        "max-params": [2, 14],
+        "max-statements": [2, 52],
+        "multiline-comment-style": 0,
+        "no-continue": 1,
+        "no-magic-numbers": 0,
+        "no-restricted-syntax": [2, "BreakStatement", "DebuggerStatement", "ForInStatement", "LabeledStatement", "WithStatement"],
+        "operator-linebreak": [2, "before"],
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/qs/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50505c462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+## **6.7.0**
+- [New] `stringify`/`parse`: add `comma` as an `arrayFormat` option (#276, #219)
+- [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays (#212)
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source, also with an array source
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: cache `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty`
+- [Refactor] `utils`: `isBuffer`: small tweak; add tests
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `parse`/`stringify`: make a function to normalize the options
+- [Refactor] `utils`: reduce observable [[Get]]s
+- [Refactor] `stringify`/`utils`: cache `Array.isArray`
+- [Tests] always use `String(x)` over `x.toString()`
+- [Tests] fix Buffer tests to work in node < 4.5 and node < 5.10
+- [Tests] temporarily allow coverage to fail
+
+## **6.6.0**
+- [New] Add support for iso-8859-1, utf8 "sentinel" and numeric entities (#268)
+- [New] move two-value combine to a `utils` function (#189)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: fix a crash with `strictNullHandling` and a custom `filter`/`serializeDate` (#279)
+- [Fix] when `parseArrays` is false, properly handle keys ending in `[]` (#260)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: do not crash in an obscure combo of `interpretNumericEntities`, a bad custom `decoder`, & `iso-8859-1`
+- [Fix] `utils`: `merge`: fix crash when `source` is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
+- [refactor] `stringify`: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
+- [Refactor] `parse`: only need to reassign the var once
+- [Refactor] `parse`/`stringify`: clean up `charset` options checking; fix defaults
+- [Refactor] add missing defaults
+- [Refactor] `parse`: one less `concat` call
+- [Refactor] `utils`: `compactQueue`: make it explicitly side-effecting
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `iconv-lite`, `safe-publish-latest`, `tape`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v10.10`, `v9.11`, `v8.12`, `v6.14`, `v4.9`; pin included builds to LTS
+
+## **6.5.2**
+- [Fix] use `safer-buffer` instead of `Buffer` constructor
+- [Refactor] utils: `module.exports` one thing, instead of mutating `exports` (#230)
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `eslint`, `iconv-lite`, `safer-buffer`, `tape`, `browserify`
+
+## **6.5.1**
+- [Fix] Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects (#224)
+- [Refactor] name utils functions
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `tape`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v8.4`; use `nvm install-latest-npm` so newer npm doesn’t break older node
+- [Tests] Use precise dist for Node.js 0.6 runtime (#225)
+- [Tests] make 0.6 required, now that it’s passing
+- [Tests] on `node` `v8.2`; fix npm on node 0.6
+
+## **6.5.0**
+- [New] add `utils.assign`
+- [New] pass default encoder/decoder to custom encoder/decoder functions (#206)
+- [New] `parse`/`stringify`: add `ignoreQueryPrefix`/`addQueryPrefix` options, respectively (#213)
+- [Fix] Handle stringifying empty objects with addQueryPrefix (#217)
+- [Fix] do not mutate `options` argument (#207)
+- [Refactor] `parse`: cache index to reuse in else statement (#182)
+- [Docs] add various badges to readme (#208)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `browserify`, `iconv-lite`, `tape`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v8.1`, `v7.10`, `v6.11`; npm v4.6 breaks on node < v1; npm v5+ breaks on node < v4
+- [Tests] add `editorconfig-tools`
+
+## **6.4.0**
+- [New] `qs.stringify`: add `encodeValuesOnly` option
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #201)
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+- [eslint] reduce warnings
+
+## **6.3.2**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.3.1**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties (thanks, @snyk!)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `browserify`, `iconv-lite`, `qs-iconv`, `tape`
+- [Tests] on all node minors; improve test matrix
+- [Docs] document stringify option `allowDots` (#195)
+- [Docs] add empty object and array values example (#195)
+- [Docs] Fix minor inconsistency/typo (#192)
+- [Docs] document stringify option `sort` (#191)
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: throw faster with an invalid encoder
+- [Refactor] remove unnecessary escapes (#184)
+- Remove contributing.md, since `qs` is no longer part of `hapi` (#183)
+
+## **6.3.0**
+- [New] Add support for RFC 1738 (#174, #173)
+- [New] `stringify`: Add `serializeDate` option to customize Date serialization (#159)
+- [Fix] ensure `utils.merge` handles merging two arrays
+- [Refactor] only constructors should be capitalized
+- [Refactor] capitalized var names are for constructors only
+- [Refactor] avoid using a sparse array
+- [Robustness] `formats`: cache `String#replace`
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`; add `safe-publish-latest`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v6.8`, `v4.6`; improve test matrix
+- [Tests] flesh out arrayLimit/arrayFormat tests (#107)
+- [Tests] skip Object.create tests when null objects are not available
+- [Tests] Turn on eslint for test files (#175)
+
+## **6.2.3**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.2.2**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties
+
+## **6.2.1**
+- [Fix] ensure `key[]=x&key[]&key[]=y` results in 3, not 2, values
+- [Refactor] Be explicit and use `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call`
+- [Tests] remove `parallelshell` since it does not reliably report failures
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v6.3`, `v5.12`
+- [Dev Deps] update `tape`, `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `qs-iconv`
+
+## [**6.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=36&state=closed)
+- [New] pass Buffers to the encoder/decoder directly (#161)
+- [New] add "encoder" and "decoder" options, for custom param encoding/decoding (#160)
+- [Fix] fix compacting of nested sparse arrays (#150)
+
+## **6.1.2
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.1.1**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties
+
+## [**6.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=35&state=closed)
+- [New] allowDots option for `stringify` (#151)
+- [Fix] "sort" option should work at a depth of 3 or more (#151)
+- [Fix] Restore `dist` directory; will be removed in v7 (#148)
+
+## **6.0.4**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.0.3**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties
+- [Fix] Restore `dist` directory; will be removed in v7 (#148)
+
+## [**6.0.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=33&state=closed)
+- Revert ES6 requirement and restore support for node down to v0.8.
+
+## [**6.0.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=32&state=closed)
+- [**#127**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/pull/127) Fix engines definition in package.json
+
+## [**6.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=31&state=closed)
+- [**#124**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/124) Use ES6 and drop support for node < v4
+
+## **5.2.1**
+- [Fix] ensure `key[]=x&key[]&key[]=y` results in 3, not 2, values
+
+## [**5.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=30&state=closed)
+- [**#64**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/64) Add option to sort object keys in the query string
+
+## [**5.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=29&state=closed)
+- [**#117**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/117) make URI encoding stringified results optional
+- [**#106**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/106) Add flag `skipNulls` to optionally skip null values in stringify
+
+## [**5.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=28&state=closed)
+- [**#114**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/114) default allowDots to false
+- [**#100**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/100) include dist to npm
+
+## [**4.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=26&state=closed)
+- [**#98**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/98) make returning plain objects and allowing prototype overwriting properties optional
+
+## [**3.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=24&state=closed)
+- [**#89**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/89) Add option to disable "Transform dot notation to bracket notation"
+
+## [**3.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=23&state=closed)
+- [**#80**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/80) qs.parse silently drops properties
+- [**#77**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/77) Perf boost
+- [**#60**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/60) Add explicit option to disable array parsing
+- [**#74**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/74) Bad parse when turning array into object
+- [**#81**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/81) Add a `filter` option
+- [**#68**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/68) Fixed issue with recursion and passing strings into objects.
+- [**#66**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/66) Add mixed array and object dot notation support Closes: #47
+- [**#76**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/76) RFC 3986
+- [**#85**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/85) No equal sign
+- [**#84**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/84) update license attribute
+
+## [**2.4.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=20&state=closed)
+- [**#73**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/73) Property 'hasOwnProperty' of object #<Object> is not a function
+
+## [**2.4.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=19&state=closed)
+- [**#70**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/70) Add arrayFormat option
+
+## [**2.3.3**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=18&state=closed)
+- [**#59**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/59) make sure array indexes are >= 0, closes #57
+- [**#58**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/58) make qs usable for browser loader
+
+## [**2.3.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=17&state=closed)
+- [**#55**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/55) allow merging a string into an object
+
+## [**2.3.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=16&state=closed)
+- [**#52**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/52) Return "undefined" and "false" instead of throwing "TypeError".
+
+## [**2.3.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=15&state=closed)
+- [**#50**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/50) add option to omit array indices, closes #46
+
+## [**2.2.5**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=14&state=closed)
+- [**#39**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/39) Is there an alternative to Buffer.isBuffer?
+- [**#49**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/49) refactor utils.merge, fixes #45
+- [**#41**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/41) avoid browserifying Buffer, for #39
+
+## [**2.2.4**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=13&state=closed)
+- [**#38**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/38) how to handle object keys beginning with a number
+
+## [**2.2.3**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=12&state=closed)
+- [**#37**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/37) parser discards first empty value in array
+- [**#36**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/36) Update to lab 4.x
+
+## [**2.2.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=11&state=closed)
+- [**#33**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/33) Error when plain object in a value
+- [**#34**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/34) use Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call instead of obj.hasOwnProperty
+- [**#24**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/24) Changelog? Semver?
+
+## [**2.2.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=10&state=closed)
+- [**#32**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/32) account for circular references properly, closes #31
+- [**#31**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/31) qs.parse stackoverflow on circular objects
+
+## [**2.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=9&state=closed)
+- [**#26**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/26) Don't use Buffer global if it's not present
+- [**#30**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/30) Bug when merging non-object values into arrays
+- [**#29**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/29) Don't call Utils.clone at the top of Utils.merge
+- [**#23**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/23) Ability to not limit parameters?
+
+## [**2.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=8&state=closed)
+- [**#22**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/22) Enable using a RegExp as delimiter
+
+## [**2.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=7&state=closed)
+- [**#18**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/18) Why is there arrayLimit?
+- [**#20**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/20) Configurable parametersLimit
+- [**#21**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/21) make all limits optional, for #18, for #20
+
+## [**1.2.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=6&state=closed)
+- [**#19**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/19) Don't overwrite null values
+
+## [**1.2.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=5&state=closed)
+- [**#16**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/16) ignore non-string delimiters
+- [**#15**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/15) Close code block
+
+## [**1.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=4&state=closed)
+- [**#12**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/12) Add optional delim argument
+- [**#13**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/13) fix #11: flattened keys in array are now correctly parsed
+
+## [**1.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=3&state=closed)
+- [**#7**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/7) Empty values of a POST array disappear after being submitted
+- [**#9**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/9) Should not omit equals signs (=) when value is null
+- [**#6**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/6) Minor grammar fix in README
+
+## [**1.0.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=2&state=closed)
+- [**#5**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/5) array holes incorrectly copied into object on large index
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/qs/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4569487a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014 Nathan LaFreniere and other contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * The names of any contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
+      products derived from this software without specific prior written
+      permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+                                  *   *   *
+
+The complete list of contributors can be found at: https://github.com/hapijs/qs/graphs/contributors
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/README.md b/backend/node_modules/qs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8590cfd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
+# qs <sup>[![Version Badge][2]][1]</sup>
+
+[![Build Status][3]][4]
+[![dependency status][5]][6]
+[![dev dependency status][7]][8]
+[![License][license-image]][license-url]
+[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+
+[![npm badge][11]][1]
+
+A querystring parsing and stringifying library with some added security.
+
+Lead Maintainer: [Jordan Harband](https://github.com/ljharb)
+
+The **qs** module was originally created and maintained by [TJ Holowaychuk](https://github.com/visionmedia/node-querystring).
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var qs = require('qs');
+var assert = require('assert');
+
+var obj = qs.parse('a=c');
+assert.deepEqual(obj, { a: 'c' });
+
+var str = qs.stringify(obj);
+assert.equal(str, 'a=c');
+```
+
+### Parsing Objects
+
+[](#preventEval)
+```javascript
+qs.parse(string, [options]);
+```
+
+**qs** allows you to create nested objects within your query strings, by surrounding the name of sub-keys with square brackets `[]`.
+For example, the string `'foo[bar]=baz'` converts to:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar]=baz'), {
+    foo: {
+        bar: 'baz'
+    }
+});
+```
+
+When using the `plainObjects` option the parsed value is returned as a null object, created via `Object.create(null)` and as such you should be aware that prototype methods will not exist on it and a user may set those names to whatever value they like:
+
+```javascript
+var nullObject = qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { plainObjects: true });
+assert.deepEqual(nullObject, { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } });
+```
+
+By default parameters that would overwrite properties on the object prototype are ignored, if you wish to keep the data from those fields either use `plainObjects` as mentioned above, or set `allowPrototypes` to `true` which will allow user input to overwrite those properties. *WARNING* It is generally a bad idea to enable this option as it can cause problems when attempting to use the properties that have been overwritten. Always be careful with this option.
+
+```javascript
+var protoObject = qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { allowPrototypes: true });
+assert.deepEqual(protoObject, { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } });
+```
+
+URI encoded strings work too:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a%5Bb%5D=c'), {
+    a: { b: 'c' }
+});
+```
+
+You can also nest your objects, like `'foo[bar][baz]=foobarbaz'`:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar][baz]=foobarbaz'), {
+    foo: {
+        bar: {
+            baz: 'foobarbaz'
+        }
+    }
+});
+```
+
+By default, when nesting objects **qs** will only parse up to 5 children deep. This means if you attempt to parse a string like
+`'a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j'` your resulting object will be:
+
+```javascript
+var expected = {
+    a: {
+        b: {
+            c: {
+                d: {
+                    e: {
+                        f: {
+                            '[g][h][i]': 'j'
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+var string = 'a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j';
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse(string), expected);
+```
+
+This depth can be overridden by passing a `depth` option to `qs.parse(string, [options])`:
+
+```javascript
+var deep = qs.parse('a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j', { depth: 1 });
+assert.deepEqual(deep, { a: { b: { '[c][d][e][f][g][h][i]': 'j' } } });
+```
+
+The depth limit helps mitigate abuse when **qs** is used to parse user input, and it is recommended to keep it a reasonably small number.
+
+For similar reasons, by default **qs** will only parse up to 1000 parameters. This can be overridden by passing a `parameterLimit` option:
+
+```javascript
+var limited = qs.parse('a=b&c=d', { parameterLimit: 1 });
+assert.deepEqual(limited, { a: 'b' });
+```
+
+To bypass the leading question mark, use `ignoreQueryPrefix`:
+
+```javascript
+var prefixed = qs.parse('?a=b&c=d', { ignoreQueryPrefix: true });
+assert.deepEqual(prefixed, { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+```
+
+An optional delimiter can also be passed:
+
+```javascript
+var delimited = qs.parse('a=b;c=d', { delimiter: ';' });
+assert.deepEqual(delimited, { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+```
+
+Delimiters can be a regular expression too:
+
+```javascript
+var regexed = qs.parse('a=b;c=d,e=f', { delimiter: /[;,]/ });
+assert.deepEqual(regexed, { a: 'b', c: 'd', e: 'f' });
+```
+
+Option `allowDots` can be used to enable dot notation:
+
+```javascript
+var withDots = qs.parse('a.b=c', { allowDots: true });
+assert.deepEqual(withDots, { a: { b: 'c' } });
+```
+
+If you have to deal with legacy browsers or services, there's
+also support for decoding percent-encoded octets as iso-8859-1:
+
+```javascript
+var oldCharset = qs.parse('a=%A7', { charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.deepEqual(oldCharset, { a: '§' });
+```
+
+Some services add an initial `utf8=✓` value to forms so that old
+Internet Explorer versions are more likely to submit the form as
+utf-8. Additionally, the server can check the value against wrong
+encodings of the checkmark character and detect that a query string
+or `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` body was *not* sent as
+utf-8, eg. if the form had an `accept-charset` parameter or the
+containing page had a different character set.
+
+**qs** supports this mechanism via the `charsetSentinel` option.
+If specified, the `utf8` parameter will be omitted from the
+returned object. It will be used to switch to `iso-8859-1`/`utf-8`
+mode depending on how the checkmark is encoded.
+
+**Important**: When you specify both the `charset` option and the
+`charsetSentinel` option, the `charset` will be overridden when
+the request contains a `utf8` parameter from which the actual
+charset can be deduced. In that sense the `charset` will behave
+as the default charset rather than the authoritative charset.
+
+```javascript
+var detectedAsUtf8 = qs.parse('utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%C3%B8', {
+    charset: 'iso-8859-1',
+    charsetSentinel: true
+});
+assert.deepEqual(detectedAsUtf8, { a: 'ø' });
+
+// Browsers encode the checkmark as &#10003; when submitting as iso-8859-1:
+var detectedAsIso8859_1 = qs.parse('utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%F8', {
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: true
+});
+assert.deepEqual(detectedAsIso8859_1, { a: 'ø' });
+```
+
+If you want to decode the `&#...;` syntax to the actual character,
+you can specify the `interpretNumericEntities` option as well:
+
+```javascript
+var detectedAsIso8859_1 = qs.parse('a=%26%239786%3B', {
+    charset: 'iso-8859-1',
+    interpretNumericEntities: true
+});
+assert.deepEqual(detectedAsIso8859_1, { a: '☺' });
+```
+
+It also works when the charset has been detected in `charsetSentinel`
+mode.
+
+### Parsing Arrays
+
+**qs** can also parse arrays using a similar `[]` notation:
+
+```javascript
+var withArray = qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(withArray, { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+```
+
+You may specify an index as well:
+
+```javascript
+var withIndexes = qs.parse('a[1]=c&a[0]=b');
+assert.deepEqual(withIndexes, { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+```
+
+Note that the only difference between an index in an array and a key in an object is that the value between the brackets must be a number
+to create an array. When creating arrays with specific indices, **qs** will compact a sparse array to only the existing values preserving
+their order:
+
+```javascript
+var noSparse = qs.parse('a[1]=b&a[15]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(noSparse, { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+```
+
+Note that an empty string is also a value, and will be preserved:
+
+```javascript
+var withEmptyString = qs.parse('a[]=&a[]=b');
+assert.deepEqual(withEmptyString, { a: ['', 'b'] });
+
+var withIndexedEmptyString = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]=&a[2]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(withIndexedEmptyString, { a: ['b', '', 'c'] });
+```
+
+**qs** will also limit specifying indices in an array to a maximum index of `20`. Any array members with an index of greater than `20` will
+instead be converted to an object with the index as the key. This is needed to handle cases when someone sent, for example, `a[999999999]` and it will take significant time to iterate over this huge array.
+
+```javascript
+var withMaxIndex = qs.parse('a[100]=b');
+assert.deepEqual(withMaxIndex, { a: { '100': 'b' } });
+```
+
+This limit can be overridden by passing an `arrayLimit` option:
+
+```javascript
+var withArrayLimit = qs.parse('a[1]=b', { arrayLimit: 0 });
+assert.deepEqual(withArrayLimit, { a: { '1': 'b' } });
+```
+
+To disable array parsing entirely, set `parseArrays` to `false`.
+
+```javascript
+var noParsingArrays = qs.parse('a[]=b', { parseArrays: false });
+assert.deepEqual(noParsingArrays, { a: { '0': 'b' } });
+```
+
+If you mix notations, **qs** will merge the two items into an object:
+
+```javascript
+var mixedNotation = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[b]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(mixedNotation, { a: { '0': 'b', b: 'c' } });
+```
+
+You can also create arrays of objects:
+
+```javascript
+var arraysOfObjects = qs.parse('a[][b]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(arraysOfObjects, { a: [{ b: 'c' }] });
+```
+
+Some people use comma to join array, **qs** can parse it:
+```javascript
+var arraysOfObjects = qs.parse('a=b,c', { comma: true })
+assert.deepEqual(arraysOfObjects, { a: ['b', 'c'] })
+```
+(_this cannot convert nested objects, such as `a={b:1},{c:d}`_)
+
+### Stringifying
+
+[](#preventEval)
+```javascript
+qs.stringify(object, [options]);
+```
+
+When stringifying, **qs** by default URI encodes output. Objects are stringified as you would expect:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+```
+
+This encoding can be disabled by setting the `encode` option to `false`:
+
+```javascript
+var unencoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encode: false });
+assert.equal(unencoded, 'a[b]=c');
+```
+
+Encoding can be disabled for keys by setting the `encodeValuesOnly` option to `true`:
+```javascript
+var encodedValues = qs.stringify(
+    { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },
+    { encodeValuesOnly: true }
+);
+assert.equal(encodedValues,'a=b&c[0]=d&c[1]=e%3Df&f[0][0]=g&f[1][0]=h');
+```
+
+This encoding can also be replaced by a custom encoding method set as `encoder` option:
+
+```javascript
+var encoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encoder: function (str) {
+    // Passed in values `a`, `b`, `c`
+    return // Return encoded string
+}})
+```
+
+_(Note: the `encoder` option does not apply if `encode` is `false`)_
+
+Analogue to the `encoder` there is a `decoder` option for `parse` to override decoding of properties and values:
+
+```javascript
+var decoded = qs.parse('x=z', { decoder: function (str) {
+    // Passed in values `x`, `z`
+    return // Return decoded string
+}})
+```
+
+Examples beyond this point will be shown as though the output is not URI encoded for clarity. Please note that the return values in these cases *will* be URI encoded during real usage.
+
+When arrays are stringified, by default they are given explicit indices:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] });
+// 'a[0]=b&a[1]=c&a[2]=d'
+```
+
+You may override this by setting the `indices` option to `false`:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { indices: false });
+// 'a=b&a=c&a=d'
+```
+
+You may use the `arrayFormat` option to specify the format of the output array:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' })
+// 'a[0]=b&a[1]=c'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' })
+// 'a[]=b&a[]=c'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat' })
+// 'a=b&a=c'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' })
+// 'a=b,c'
+```
+
+When objects are stringified, by default they use bracket notation:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } });
+// 'a[b][c]=d&a[b][e]=f'
+```
+
+You may override this to use dot notation by setting the `allowDots` option to `true`:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } }, { allowDots: true });
+// 'a.b.c=d&a.b.e=f'
+```
+
+Empty strings and null values will omit the value, but the equals sign (=) remains in place:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a=');
+```
+
+Key with no values (such as an empty object or array) will return nothing:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [] }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: {} }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [{}] }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: []} }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: {}} }), '');
+```
+
+Properties that are set to `undefined` will be omitted entirely:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null, b: undefined }), 'a=');
+```
+
+The query string may optionally be prepended with a question mark:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '?a=b&c=d');
+```
+
+The delimiter may be overridden with stringify as well:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { delimiter: ';' }), 'a=b;c=d');
+```
+
+If you only want to override the serialization of `Date` objects, you can provide a `serializeDate` option:
+
+```javascript
+var date = new Date(7);
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: date }), 'a=1970-01-01T00:00:00.007Z'.replace(/:/g, '%3A'));
+assert.equal(
+    qs.stringify({ a: date }, { serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime(); } }),
+    'a=7'
+);
+```
+
+You may use the `sort` option to affect the order of parameter keys:
+
+```javascript
+function alphabeticalSort(a, b) {
+    return a.localeCompare(b);
+}
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: 'y', b : 'f' }, { sort: alphabeticalSort }), 'a=c&b=f&z=y');
+```
+
+Finally, you can use the `filter` option to restrict which keys will be included in the stringified output.
+If you pass a function, it will be called for each key to obtain the replacement value. Otherwise, if you
+pass an array, it will be used to select properties and array indices for stringification:
+
+```javascript
+function filterFunc(prefix, value) {
+    if (prefix == 'b') {
+        // Return an `undefined` value to omit a property.
+        return;
+    }
+    if (prefix == 'e[f]') {
+        return value.getTime();
+    }
+    if (prefix == 'e[g][0]') {
+        return value * 2;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd', e: { f: new Date(123), g: [2] } }, { filter: filterFunc });
+// 'a=b&c=d&e[f]=123&e[g][0]=4'
+qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd', e: 'f' }, { filter: ['a', 'e'] });
+// 'a=b&e=f'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'], e: 'f' }, { filter: ['a', 0, 2] });
+// 'a[0]=b&a[2]=d'
+```
+
+### Handling of `null` values
+
+By default, `null` values are treated like empty strings:
+
+```javascript
+var withNull = qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' });
+assert.equal(withNull, 'a=&b=');
+```
+
+Parsing does not distinguish between parameters with and without equal signs. Both are converted to empty strings.
+
+```javascript
+var equalsInsensitive = qs.parse('a&b=');
+assert.deepEqual(equalsInsensitive, { a: '', b: '' });
+```
+
+To distinguish between `null` values and empty strings use the `strictNullHandling` flag. In the result string the `null`
+values have no `=` sign:
+
+```javascript
+var strictNull = qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' }, { strictNullHandling: true });
+assert.equal(strictNull, 'a&b=');
+```
+
+To parse values without `=` back to `null` use the `strictNullHandling` flag:
+
+```javascript
+var parsedStrictNull = qs.parse('a&b=', { strictNullHandling: true });
+assert.deepEqual(parsedStrictNull, { a: null, b: '' });
+```
+
+To completely skip rendering keys with `null` values, use the `skipNulls` flag:
+
+```javascript
+var nullsSkipped = qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null}, { skipNulls: true });
+assert.equal(nullsSkipped, 'a=b');
+```
+
+If you're communicating with legacy systems, you can switch to `iso-8859-1`
+using the `charset` option:
+
+```javascript
+var iso = qs.stringify({ æ: 'æ' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.equal(iso, '%E6=%E6');
+```
+
+Characters that don't exist in `iso-8859-1` will be converted to numeric
+entities, similar to what browsers do:
+
+```javascript
+var numeric = qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.equal(numeric, 'a=%26%239786%3B');
+```
+
+You can use the `charsetSentinel` option to announce the character by
+including an `utf8=✓` parameter with the proper encoding if the checkmark,
+similar to what Ruby on Rails and others do when submitting forms.
+
+```javascript
+var sentinel = qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charsetSentinel: true });
+assert.equal(sentinel, 'utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%E2%98%BA');
+
+var isoSentinel = qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.equal(isoSentinel, 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%E6');
+```
+
+### Dealing with special character sets
+
+By default the encoding and decoding of characters is done in `utf-8`,
+and `iso-8859-1` support is also built in via the `charset` parameter.
+
+If you wish to encode querystrings to a different character set (i.e.
+[Shift JIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS)) you can use the
+[`qs-iconv`](https://github.com/martinheidegger/qs-iconv) library:
+
+```javascript
+var encoder = require('qs-iconv/encoder')('shift_jis');
+var shiftJISEncoded = qs.stringify({ a: 'こんにちは！' }, { encoder: encoder });
+assert.equal(shiftJISEncoded, 'a=%82%B1%82%F1%82%C9%82%BF%82%CD%81I');
+```
+
+This also works for decoding of query strings:
+
+```javascript
+var decoder = require('qs-iconv/decoder')('shift_jis');
+var obj = qs.parse('a=%82%B1%82%F1%82%C9%82%BF%82%CD%81I', { decoder: decoder });
+assert.deepEqual(obj, { a: 'こんにちは！' });
+```
+
+### RFC 3986 and RFC 1738 space encoding
+
+RFC3986 used as default option and encodes ' ' to *%20* which is backward compatible.
+In the same time, output can be stringified as per RFC1738 with ' ' equal to '+'.
+
+```
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format : 'RFC3986' }), 'a=b%20c');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format : 'RFC1738' }), 'a=b+c');
+```
+
+[1]: https://npmjs.org/package/qs
+[2]: http://versionbadg.es/ljharb/qs.svg
+[3]: https://api.travis-ci.org/ljharb/qs.svg
+[4]: https://travis-ci.org/ljharb/qs
+[5]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs.svg
+[6]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs
+[7]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs/dev-status.svg
+[8]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs?type=dev
+[9]: https://ci.testling.com/ljharb/qs.png
+[10]: https://ci.testling.com/ljharb/qs
+[11]: https://nodei.co/npm/qs.png?downloads=true&stars=true
+[license-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/l/qs.svg
+[license-url]: LICENSE
+[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/qs.svg
+[downloads-url]: http://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=qs
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/dist/qs.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/dist/qs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17f4e600c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/dist/qs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+(function(f){if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"){module.exports=f()}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define([],f)}else{var g;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){g=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){g=global}else if(typeof self!=="undefined"){g=self}else{g=this}g.Qs = f()}})(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function(){function r(e,n,t){function o(i,f){if(!n[i]){if(!e[i]){var c="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!f&&c)return c(i,!0);if(u)return u(i,!0);var a=new Error("Cannot find module '"+i+"'");throw a.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",a}var p=n[i]={exports:{}};e[i][0].call(p.exports,function(r){var n=e[i][1][r];return o(n||r)},p,p.exports,r,e,n,t)}return n[i].exports}for(var u="function"==typeof require&&require,i=0;i<t.length;i++)o(t[i]);return o}return r})()({1:[function(require,module,exports){
+'use strict';
+
+var replace = String.prototype.replace;
+var percentTwenties = /%20/g;
+
+module.exports = {
+    'default': 'RFC3986',
+    formatters: {
+        RFC1738: function (value) {
+            return replace.call(value, percentTwenties, '+');
+        },
+        RFC3986: function (value) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    },
+    RFC1738: 'RFC1738',
+    RFC3986: 'RFC3986'
+};
+
+},{}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
+'use strict';
+
+var stringify = require('./stringify');
+var parse = require('./parse');
+var formats = require('./formats');
+
+module.exports = {
+    formats: formats,
+    parse: parse,
+    stringify: stringify
+};
+
+},{"./formats":1,"./parse":3,"./stringify":4}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+var defaults = {
+    allowDots: false,
+    allowPrototypes: false,
+    arrayLimit: 20,
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: false,
+    comma: false,
+    decoder: utils.decode,
+    delimiter: '&',
+    depth: 5,
+    ignoreQueryPrefix: false,
+    interpretNumericEntities: false,
+    parameterLimit: 1000,
+    parseArrays: true,
+    plainObjects: false,
+    strictNullHandling: false
+};
+
+var interpretNumericEntities = function (str) {
+    return str.replace(/&#(\d+);/g, function ($0, numberStr) {
+        return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(numberStr, 10));
+    });
+};
+
+// This is what browsers will submit when the ✓ character occurs in an
+// application/x-www-form-urlencoded body and the encoding of the page containing
+// the form is iso-8859-1, or when the submitted form has an accept-charset
+// attribute of iso-8859-1. Presumably also with other charsets that do not contain
+// the ✓ character, such as us-ascii.
+var isoSentinel = 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B'; // encodeURIComponent('&#10003;')
+
+// These are the percent-encoded utf-8 octets representing a checkmark, indicating that the request actually is utf-8 encoded.
+var charsetSentinel = 'utf8=%E2%9C%93'; // encodeURIComponent('✓')
+
+var parseValues = function parseQueryStringValues(str, options) {
+    var obj = {};
+    var cleanStr = options.ignoreQueryPrefix ? str.replace(/^\?/, '') : str;
+    var limit = options.parameterLimit === Infinity ? undefined : options.parameterLimit;
+    var parts = cleanStr.split(options.delimiter, limit);
+    var skipIndex = -1; // Keep track of where the utf8 sentinel was found
+    var i;
+
+    var charset = options.charset;
+    if (options.charsetSentinel) {
+        for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+            if (parts[i].indexOf('utf8=') === 0) {
+                if (parts[i] === charsetSentinel) {
+                    charset = 'utf-8';
+                } else if (parts[i] === isoSentinel) {
+                    charset = 'iso-8859-1';
+                }
+                skipIndex = i;
+                i = parts.length; // The eslint settings do not allow break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+        if (i === skipIndex) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        var part = parts[i];
+
+        var bracketEqualsPos = part.indexOf(']=');
+        var pos = bracketEqualsPos === -1 ? part.indexOf('=') : bracketEqualsPos + 1;
+
+        var key, val;
+        if (pos === -1) {
+            key = options.decoder(part, defaults.decoder, charset);
+            val = options.strictNullHandling ? null : '';
+        } else {
+            key = options.decoder(part.slice(0, pos), defaults.decoder, charset);
+            val = options.decoder(part.slice(pos + 1), defaults.decoder, charset);
+        }
+
+        if (val && options.interpretNumericEntities && charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+            val = interpretNumericEntities(val);
+        }
+
+        if (val && options.comma && val.indexOf(',') > -1) {
+            val = val.split(',');
+        }
+
+        if (has.call(obj, key)) {
+            obj[key] = utils.combine(obj[key], val);
+        } else {
+            obj[key] = val;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var parseObject = function (chain, val, options) {
+    var leaf = val;
+
+    for (var i = chain.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        var obj;
+        var root = chain[i];
+
+        if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) {
+            obj = [].concat(leaf);
+        } else {
+            obj = options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+            var cleanRoot = root.charAt(0) === '[' && root.charAt(root.length - 1) === ']' ? root.slice(1, -1) : root;
+            var index = parseInt(cleanRoot, 10);
+            if (!options.parseArrays && cleanRoot === '') {
+                obj = { 0: leaf };
+            } else if (
+                !isNaN(index)
+                && root !== cleanRoot
+                && String(index) === cleanRoot
+                && index >= 0
+                && (options.parseArrays && index <= options.arrayLimit)
+            ) {
+                obj = [];
+                obj[index] = leaf;
+            } else {
+                obj[cleanRoot] = leaf;
+            }
+        }
+
+        leaf = obj;
+    }
+
+    return leaf;
+};
+
+var parseKeys = function parseQueryStringKeys(givenKey, val, options) {
+    if (!givenKey) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Transform dot notation to bracket notation
+    var key = options.allowDots ? givenKey.replace(/\.([^.[]+)/g, '[$1]') : givenKey;
+
+    // The regex chunks
+
+    var brackets = /(\[[^[\]]*])/;
+    var child = /(\[[^[\]]*])/g;
+
+    // Get the parent
+
+    var segment = brackets.exec(key);
+    var parent = segment ? key.slice(0, segment.index) : key;
+
+    // Stash the parent if it exists
+
+    var keys = [];
+    if (parent) {
+        // If we aren't using plain objects, optionally prefix keys that would overwrite object prototype properties
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, parent)) {
+            if (!options.allowPrototypes) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        keys.push(parent);
+    }
+
+    // Loop through children appending to the array until we hit depth
+
+    var i = 0;
+    while ((segment = child.exec(key)) !== null && i < options.depth) {
+        i += 1;
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, segment[1].slice(1, -1))) {
+            if (!options.allowPrototypes) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        keys.push(segment[1]);
+    }
+
+    // If there's a remainder, just add whatever is left
+
+    if (segment) {
+        keys.push('[' + key.slice(segment.index) + ']');
+    }
+
+    return parseObject(keys, val, options);
+};
+
+var normalizeParseOptions = function normalizeParseOptions(opts) {
+    if (!opts) {
+        return defaults;
+    }
+
+    if (opts.decoder !== null && opts.decoder !== undefined && typeof opts.decoder !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('Decoder has to be a function.');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.charset !== 'undefined' && opts.charset !== 'utf-8' && opts.charset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
+        throw new Error('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined');
+    }
+    var charset = typeof opts.charset === 'undefined' ? defaults.charset : opts.charset;
+
+    return {
+        allowDots: typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots,
+        allowPrototypes: typeof opts.allowPrototypes === 'boolean' ? opts.allowPrototypes : defaults.allowPrototypes,
+        arrayLimit: typeof opts.arrayLimit === 'number' ? opts.arrayLimit : defaults.arrayLimit,
+        charset: charset,
+        charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        comma: typeof opts.comma === 'boolean' ? opts.comma : defaults.comma,
+        decoder: typeof opts.decoder === 'function' ? opts.decoder : defaults.decoder,
+        delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'string' || utils.isRegExp(opts.delimiter) ? opts.delimiter : defaults.delimiter,
+        depth: typeof opts.depth === 'number' ? opts.depth : defaults.depth,
+        ignoreQueryPrefix: opts.ignoreQueryPrefix === true,
+        interpretNumericEntities: typeof opts.interpretNumericEntities === 'boolean' ? opts.interpretNumericEntities : defaults.interpretNumericEntities,
+        parameterLimit: typeof opts.parameterLimit === 'number' ? opts.parameterLimit : defaults.parameterLimit,
+        parseArrays: opts.parseArrays !== false,
+        plainObjects: typeof opts.plainObjects === 'boolean' ? opts.plainObjects : defaults.plainObjects,
+        strictNullHandling: typeof opts.strictNullHandling === 'boolean' ? opts.strictNullHandling : defaults.strictNullHandling
+    };
+};
+
+module.exports = function (str, opts) {
+    var options = normalizeParseOptions(opts);
+
+    if (str === '' || str === null || typeof str === 'undefined') {
+        return options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+    }
+
+    var tempObj = typeof str === 'string' ? parseValues(str, options) : str;
+    var obj = options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+
+    // Iterate over the keys and setup the new object
+
+    var keys = Object.keys(tempObj);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        var newObj = parseKeys(key, tempObj[key], options);
+        obj = utils.merge(obj, newObj, options);
+    }
+
+    return utils.compact(obj);
+};
+
+},{"./utils":5}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+var formats = require('./formats');
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+var arrayPrefixGenerators = {
+    brackets: function brackets(prefix) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return prefix + '[]';
+    },
+    comma: 'comma',
+    indices: function indices(prefix, key) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return prefix + '[' + key + ']';
+    },
+    repeat: function repeat(prefix) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return prefix;
+    }
+};
+
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+var push = Array.prototype.push;
+var pushToArray = function (arr, valueOrArray) {
+    push.apply(arr, isArray(valueOrArray) ? valueOrArray : [valueOrArray]);
+};
+
+var toISO = Date.prototype.toISOString;
+
+var defaults = {
+    addQueryPrefix: false,
+    allowDots: false,
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: false,
+    delimiter: '&',
+    encode: true,
+    encoder: utils.encode,
+    encodeValuesOnly: false,
+    formatter: formats.formatters[formats['default']],
+    // deprecated
+    indices: false,
+    serializeDate: function serializeDate(date) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return toISO.call(date);
+    },
+    skipNulls: false,
+    strictNullHandling: false
+};
+
+var stringify = function stringify( // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+    object,
+    prefix,
+    generateArrayPrefix,
+    strictNullHandling,
+    skipNulls,
+    encoder,
+    filter,
+    sort,
+    allowDots,
+    serializeDate,
+    formatter,
+    encodeValuesOnly,
+    charset
+) {
+    var obj = object;
+    if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+        obj = filter(prefix, obj);
+    } else if (obj instanceof Date) {
+        obj = serializeDate(obj);
+    } else if (generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && isArray(obj)) {
+        obj = obj.join(',');
+    }
+
+    if (obj === null) {
+        if (strictNullHandling) {
+            return encoder && !encodeValuesOnly ? encoder(prefix, defaults.encoder, charset) : prefix;
+        }
+
+        obj = '';
+    }
+
+    if (typeof obj === 'string' || typeof obj === 'number' || typeof obj === 'boolean' || utils.isBuffer(obj)) {
+        if (encoder) {
+            var keyValue = encodeValuesOnly ? prefix : encoder(prefix, defaults.encoder, charset);
+            return [formatter(keyValue) + '=' + formatter(encoder(obj, defaults.encoder, charset))];
+        }
+        return [formatter(prefix) + '=' + formatter(String(obj))];
+    }
+
+    var values = [];
+
+    if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    var objKeys;
+    if (isArray(filter)) {
+        objKeys = filter;
+    } else {
+        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+        objKeys = sort ? keys.sort(sort) : keys;
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < objKeys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = objKeys[i];
+
+        if (skipNulls && obj[key] === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (isArray(obj)) {
+            pushToArray(values, stringify(
+                obj[key],
+                typeof generateArrayPrefix === 'function' ? generateArrayPrefix(prefix, key) : prefix,
+                generateArrayPrefix,
+                strictNullHandling,
+                skipNulls,
+                encoder,
+                filter,
+                sort,
+                allowDots,
+                serializeDate,
+                formatter,
+                encodeValuesOnly,
+                charset
+            ));
+        } else {
+            pushToArray(values, stringify(
+                obj[key],
+                prefix + (allowDots ? '.' + key : '[' + key + ']'),
+                generateArrayPrefix,
+                strictNullHandling,
+                skipNulls,
+                encoder,
+                filter,
+                sort,
+                allowDots,
+                serializeDate,
+                formatter,
+                encodeValuesOnly,
+                charset
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return values;
+};
+
+var normalizeStringifyOptions = function normalizeStringifyOptions(opts) {
+    if (!opts) {
+        return defaults;
+    }
+
+    if (opts.encoder !== null && opts.encoder !== undefined && typeof opts.encoder !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('Encoder has to be a function.');
+    }
+
+    var charset = opts.charset || defaults.charset;
+    if (typeof opts.charset !== 'undefined' && opts.charset !== 'utf-8' && opts.charset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
+        throw new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined');
+    }
+
+    var format = formats['default'];
+    if (typeof opts.format !== 'undefined') {
+        if (!has.call(formats.formatters, opts.format)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Unknown format option provided.');
+        }
+        format = opts.format;
+    }
+    var formatter = formats.formatters[format];
+
+    var filter = defaults.filter;
+    if (typeof opts.filter === 'function' || isArray(opts.filter)) {
+        filter = opts.filter;
+    }
+
+    return {
+        addQueryPrefix: typeof opts.addQueryPrefix === 'boolean' ? opts.addQueryPrefix : defaults.addQueryPrefix,
+        allowDots: typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots,
+        charset: charset,
+        charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'undefined' ? defaults.delimiter : opts.delimiter,
+        encode: typeof opts.encode === 'boolean' ? opts.encode : defaults.encode,
+        encoder: typeof opts.encoder === 'function' ? opts.encoder : defaults.encoder,
+        encodeValuesOnly: typeof opts.encodeValuesOnly === 'boolean' ? opts.encodeValuesOnly : defaults.encodeValuesOnly,
+        filter: filter,
+        formatter: formatter,
+        serializeDate: typeof opts.serializeDate === 'function' ? opts.serializeDate : defaults.serializeDate,
+        skipNulls: typeof opts.skipNulls === 'boolean' ? opts.skipNulls : defaults.skipNulls,
+        sort: typeof opts.sort === 'function' ? opts.sort : null,
+        strictNullHandling: typeof opts.strictNullHandling === 'boolean' ? opts.strictNullHandling : defaults.strictNullHandling
+    };
+};
+
+module.exports = function (object, opts) {
+    var obj = object;
+    var options = normalizeStringifyOptions(opts);
+
+    var objKeys;
+    var filter;
+
+    if (typeof options.filter === 'function') {
+        filter = options.filter;
+        obj = filter('', obj);
+    } else if (isArray(options.filter)) {
+        filter = options.filter;
+        objKeys = filter;
+    }
+
+    var keys = [];
+
+    if (typeof obj !== 'object' || obj === null) {
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    var arrayFormat;
+    if (opts && opts.arrayFormat in arrayPrefixGenerators) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.arrayFormat;
+    } else if (opts && 'indices' in opts) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.indices ? 'indices' : 'repeat';
+    } else {
+        arrayFormat = 'indices';
+    }
+
+    var generateArrayPrefix = arrayPrefixGenerators[arrayFormat];
+
+    if (!objKeys) {
+        objKeys = Object.keys(obj);
+    }
+
+    if (options.sort) {
+        objKeys.sort(options.sort);
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < objKeys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = objKeys[i];
+
+        if (options.skipNulls && obj[key] === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        pushToArray(keys, stringify(
+            obj[key],
+            key,
+            generateArrayPrefix,
+            options.strictNullHandling,
+            options.skipNulls,
+            options.encode ? options.encoder : null,
+            options.filter,
+            options.sort,
+            options.allowDots,
+            options.serializeDate,
+            options.formatter,
+            options.encodeValuesOnly,
+            options.charset
+        ));
+    }
+
+    var joined = keys.join(options.delimiter);
+    var prefix = options.addQueryPrefix === true ? '?' : '';
+
+    if (options.charsetSentinel) {
+        if (options.charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+            // encodeURIComponent('&#10003;'), the "numeric entity" representation of a checkmark
+            prefix += 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&';
+        } else {
+            // encodeURIComponent('✓')
+            prefix += 'utf8=%E2%9C%93&';
+        }
+    }
+
+    return joined.length > 0 ? prefix + joined : '';
+};
+
+},{"./formats":1,"./utils":5}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
+'use strict';
+
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+var hexTable = (function () {
+    var array = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+        array.push('%' + ((i < 16 ? '0' : '') + i.toString(16)).toUpperCase());
+    }
+
+    return array;
+}());
+
+var compactQueue = function compactQueue(queue) {
+    while (queue.length > 1) {
+        var item = queue.pop();
+        var obj = item.obj[item.prop];
+
+        if (isArray(obj)) {
+            var compacted = [];
+
+            for (var j = 0; j < obj.length; ++j) {
+                if (typeof obj[j] !== 'undefined') {
+                    compacted.push(obj[j]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            item.obj[item.prop] = compacted;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+var arrayToObject = function arrayToObject(source, options) {
+    var obj = options && options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+    for (var i = 0; i < source.length; ++i) {
+        if (typeof source[i] !== 'undefined') {
+            obj[i] = source[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var merge = function merge(target, source, options) {
+    if (!source) {
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof source !== 'object') {
+        if (isArray(target)) {
+            target.push(source);
+        } else if (target && typeof target === 'object') {
+            if ((options && (options.plainObjects || options.allowPrototypes)) || !has.call(Object.prototype, source)) {
+                target[source] = true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return [target, source];
+        }
+
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    if (!target || typeof target !== 'object') {
+        return [target].concat(source);
+    }
+
+    var mergeTarget = target;
+    if (isArray(target) && !isArray(source)) {
+        mergeTarget = arrayToObject(target, options);
+    }
+
+    if (isArray(target) && isArray(source)) {
+        source.forEach(function (item, i) {
+            if (has.call(target, i)) {
+                var targetItem = target[i];
+                if (targetItem && typeof targetItem === 'object' && item && typeof item === 'object') {
+                    target[i] = merge(targetItem, item, options);
+                } else {
+                    target.push(item);
+                }
+            } else {
+                target[i] = item;
+            }
+        });
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    return Object.keys(source).reduce(function (acc, key) {
+        var value = source[key];
+
+        if (has.call(acc, key)) {
+            acc[key] = merge(acc[key], value, options);
+        } else {
+            acc[key] = value;
+        }
+        return acc;
+    }, mergeTarget);
+};
+
+var assign = function assignSingleSource(target, source) {
+    return Object.keys(source).reduce(function (acc, key) {
+        acc[key] = source[key];
+        return acc;
+    }, target);
+};
+
+var decode = function (str, decoder, charset) {
+    var strWithoutPlus = str.replace(/\+/g, ' ');
+    if (charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+        // unescape never throws, no try...catch needed:
+        return strWithoutPlus.replace(/%[0-9a-f]{2}/gi, unescape);
+    }
+    // utf-8
+    try {
+        return decodeURIComponent(strWithoutPlus);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return strWithoutPlus;
+    }
+};
+
+var encode = function encode(str, defaultEncoder, charset) {
+    // This code was originally written by Brian White (mscdex) for the io.js core querystring library.
+    // It has been adapted here for stricter adherence to RFC 3986
+    if (str.length === 0) {
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    var string = typeof str === 'string' ? str : String(str);
+
+    if (charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+        return escape(string).replace(/%u[0-9a-f]{4}/gi, function ($0) {
+            return '%26%23' + parseInt($0.slice(2), 16) + '%3B';
+        });
+    }
+
+    var out = '';
+    for (var i = 0; i < string.length; ++i) {
+        var c = string.charCodeAt(i);
+
+        if (
+            c === 0x2D // -
+            || c === 0x2E // .
+            || c === 0x5F // _
+            || c === 0x7E // ~
+            || (c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x39) // 0-9
+            || (c >= 0x41 && c <= 0x5A) // a-z
+            || (c >= 0x61 && c <= 0x7A) // A-Z
+        ) {
+            out += string.charAt(i);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c < 0x80) {
+            out = out + hexTable[c];
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c < 0x800) {
+            out = out + (hexTable[0xC0 | (c >> 6)] + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c >= 0xE000) {
+            out = out + (hexTable[0xE0 | (c >> 12)] + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)] + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        i += 1;
+        c = 0x10000 + (((c & 0x3FF) << 10) | (string.charCodeAt(i) & 0x3FF));
+        out += hexTable[0xF0 | (c >> 18)]
+            + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F)]
+            + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)]
+            + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)];
+    }
+
+    return out;
+};
+
+var compact = function compact(value) {
+    var queue = [{ obj: { o: value }, prop: 'o' }];
+    var refs = [];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; ++i) {
+        var item = queue[i];
+        var obj = item.obj[item.prop];
+
+        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+        for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; ++j) {
+            var key = keys[j];
+            var val = obj[key];
+            if (typeof val === 'object' && val !== null && refs.indexOf(val) === -1) {
+                queue.push({ obj: obj, prop: key });
+                refs.push(val);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    compactQueue(queue);
+
+    return value;
+};
+
+var isRegExp = function isRegExp(obj) {
+    return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object RegExp]';
+};
+
+var isBuffer = function isBuffer(obj) {
+    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return !!(obj.constructor && obj.constructor.isBuffer && obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj));
+};
+
+var combine = function combine(a, b) {
+    return [].concat(a, b);
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    arrayToObject: arrayToObject,
+    assign: assign,
+    combine: combine,
+    compact: compact,
+    decode: decode,
+    encode: encode,
+    isBuffer: isBuffer,
+    isRegExp: isRegExp,
+    merge: merge
+};
+
+},{}]},{},[2])(2)
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/formats.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/formats.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df4599752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/formats.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var replace = String.prototype.replace;
+var percentTwenties = /%20/g;
+
+module.exports = {
+    'default': 'RFC3986',
+    formatters: {
+        RFC1738: function (value) {
+            return replace.call(value, percentTwenties, '+');
+        },
+        RFC3986: function (value) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    },
+    RFC1738: 'RFC1738',
+    RFC3986: 'RFC3986'
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d6a97dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var stringify = require('./stringify');
+var parse = require('./parse');
+var formats = require('./formats');
+
+module.exports = {
+    formats: formats,
+    parse: parse,
+    stringify: stringify
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/parse.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d81628b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+var defaults = {
+    allowDots: false,
+    allowPrototypes: false,
+    arrayLimit: 20,
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: false,
+    comma: false,
+    decoder: utils.decode,
+    delimiter: '&',
+    depth: 5,
+    ignoreQueryPrefix: false,
+    interpretNumericEntities: false,
+    parameterLimit: 1000,
+    parseArrays: true,
+    plainObjects: false,
+    strictNullHandling: false
+};
+
+var interpretNumericEntities = function (str) {
+    return str.replace(/&#(\d+);/g, function ($0, numberStr) {
+        return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(numberStr, 10));
+    });
+};
+
+// This is what browsers will submit when the ✓ character occurs in an
+// application/x-www-form-urlencoded body and the encoding of the page containing
+// the form is iso-8859-1, or when the submitted form has an accept-charset
+// attribute of iso-8859-1. Presumably also with other charsets that do not contain
+// the ✓ character, such as us-ascii.
+var isoSentinel = 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B'; // encodeURIComponent('&#10003;')
+
+// These are the percent-encoded utf-8 octets representing a checkmark, indicating that the request actually is utf-8 encoded.
+var charsetSentinel = 'utf8=%E2%9C%93'; // encodeURIComponent('✓')
+
+var parseValues = function parseQueryStringValues(str, options) {
+    var obj = {};
+    var cleanStr = options.ignoreQueryPrefix ? str.replace(/^\?/, '') : str;
+    var limit = options.parameterLimit === Infinity ? undefined : options.parameterLimit;
+    var parts = cleanStr.split(options.delimiter, limit);
+    var skipIndex = -1; // Keep track of where the utf8 sentinel was found
+    var i;
+
+    var charset = options.charset;
+    if (options.charsetSentinel) {
+        for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+            if (parts[i].indexOf('utf8=') === 0) {
+                if (parts[i] === charsetSentinel) {
+                    charset = 'utf-8';
+                } else if (parts[i] === isoSentinel) {
+                    charset = 'iso-8859-1';
+                }
+                skipIndex = i;
+                i = parts.length; // The eslint settings do not allow break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+        if (i === skipIndex) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        var part = parts[i];
+
+        var bracketEqualsPos = part.indexOf(']=');
+        var pos = bracketEqualsPos === -1 ? part.indexOf('=') : bracketEqualsPos + 1;
+
+        var key, val;
+        if (pos === -1) {
+            key = options.decoder(part, defaults.decoder, charset);
+            val = options.strictNullHandling ? null : '';
+        } else {
+            key = options.decoder(part.slice(0, pos), defaults.decoder, charset);
+            val = options.decoder(part.slice(pos + 1), defaults.decoder, charset);
+        }
+
+        if (val && options.interpretNumericEntities && charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+            val = interpretNumericEntities(val);
+        }
+
+        if (val && options.comma && val.indexOf(',') > -1) {
+            val = val.split(',');
+        }
+
+        if (has.call(obj, key)) {
+            obj[key] = utils.combine(obj[key], val);
+        } else {
+            obj[key] = val;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var parseObject = function (chain, val, options) {
+    var leaf = val;
+
+    for (var i = chain.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        var obj;
+        var root = chain[i];
+
+        if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) {
+            obj = [].concat(leaf);
+        } else {
+            obj = options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+            var cleanRoot = root.charAt(0) === '[' && root.charAt(root.length - 1) === ']' ? root.slice(1, -1) : root;
+            var index = parseInt(cleanRoot, 10);
+            if (!options.parseArrays && cleanRoot === '') {
+                obj = { 0: leaf };
+            } else if (
+                !isNaN(index)
+                && root !== cleanRoot
+                && String(index) === cleanRoot
+                && index >= 0
+                && (options.parseArrays && index <= options.arrayLimit)
+            ) {
+                obj = [];
+                obj[index] = leaf;
+            } else {
+                obj[cleanRoot] = leaf;
+            }
+        }
+
+        leaf = obj;
+    }
+
+    return leaf;
+};
+
+var parseKeys = function parseQueryStringKeys(givenKey, val, options) {
+    if (!givenKey) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Transform dot notation to bracket notation
+    var key = options.allowDots ? givenKey.replace(/\.([^.[]+)/g, '[$1]') : givenKey;
+
+    // The regex chunks
+
+    var brackets = /(\[[^[\]]*])/;
+    var child = /(\[[^[\]]*])/g;
+
+    // Get the parent
+
+    var segment = brackets.exec(key);
+    var parent = segment ? key.slice(0, segment.index) : key;
+
+    // Stash the parent if it exists
+
+    var keys = [];
+    if (parent) {
+        // If we aren't using plain objects, optionally prefix keys that would overwrite object prototype properties
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, parent)) {
+            if (!options.allowPrototypes) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        keys.push(parent);
+    }
+
+    // Loop through children appending to the array until we hit depth
+
+    var i = 0;
+    while ((segment = child.exec(key)) !== null && i < options.depth) {
+        i += 1;
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, segment[1].slice(1, -1))) {
+            if (!options.allowPrototypes) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        keys.push(segment[1]);
+    }
+
+    // If there's a remainder, just add whatever is left
+
+    if (segment) {
+        keys.push('[' + key.slice(segment.index) + ']');
+    }
+
+    return parseObject(keys, val, options);
+};
+
+var normalizeParseOptions = function normalizeParseOptions(opts) {
+    if (!opts) {
+        return defaults;
+    }
+
+    if (opts.decoder !== null && opts.decoder !== undefined && typeof opts.decoder !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('Decoder has to be a function.');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.charset !== 'undefined' && opts.charset !== 'utf-8' && opts.charset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
+        throw new Error('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined');
+    }
+    var charset = typeof opts.charset === 'undefined' ? defaults.charset : opts.charset;
+
+    return {
+        allowDots: typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots,
+        allowPrototypes: typeof opts.allowPrototypes === 'boolean' ? opts.allowPrototypes : defaults.allowPrototypes,
+        arrayLimit: typeof opts.arrayLimit === 'number' ? opts.arrayLimit : defaults.arrayLimit,
+        charset: charset,
+        charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        comma: typeof opts.comma === 'boolean' ? opts.comma : defaults.comma,
+        decoder: typeof opts.decoder === 'function' ? opts.decoder : defaults.decoder,
+        delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'string' || utils.isRegExp(opts.delimiter) ? opts.delimiter : defaults.delimiter,
+        depth: typeof opts.depth === 'number' ? opts.depth : defaults.depth,
+        ignoreQueryPrefix: opts.ignoreQueryPrefix === true,
+        interpretNumericEntities: typeof opts.interpretNumericEntities === 'boolean' ? opts.interpretNumericEntities : defaults.interpretNumericEntities,
+        parameterLimit: typeof opts.parameterLimit === 'number' ? opts.parameterLimit : defaults.parameterLimit,
+        parseArrays: opts.parseArrays !== false,
+        plainObjects: typeof opts.plainObjects === 'boolean' ? opts.plainObjects : defaults.plainObjects,
+        strictNullHandling: typeof opts.strictNullHandling === 'boolean' ? opts.strictNullHandling : defaults.strictNullHandling
+    };
+};
+
+module.exports = function (str, opts) {
+    var options = normalizeParseOptions(opts);
+
+    if (str === '' || str === null || typeof str === 'undefined') {
+        return options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+    }
+
+    var tempObj = typeof str === 'string' ? parseValues(str, options) : str;
+    var obj = options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+
+    // Iterate over the keys and setup the new object
+
+    var keys = Object.keys(tempObj);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        var newObj = parseKeys(key, tempObj[key], options);
+        obj = utils.merge(obj, newObj, options);
+    }
+
+    return utils.compact(obj);
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/stringify.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/stringify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7455049ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/stringify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+var formats = require('./formats');
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+var arrayPrefixGenerators = {
+    brackets: function brackets(prefix) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return prefix + '[]';
+    },
+    comma: 'comma',
+    indices: function indices(prefix, key) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return prefix + '[' + key + ']';
+    },
+    repeat: function repeat(prefix) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return prefix;
+    }
+};
+
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+var push = Array.prototype.push;
+var pushToArray = function (arr, valueOrArray) {
+    push.apply(arr, isArray(valueOrArray) ? valueOrArray : [valueOrArray]);
+};
+
+var toISO = Date.prototype.toISOString;
+
+var defaults = {
+    addQueryPrefix: false,
+    allowDots: false,
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: false,
+    delimiter: '&',
+    encode: true,
+    encoder: utils.encode,
+    encodeValuesOnly: false,
+    formatter: formats.formatters[formats['default']],
+    // deprecated
+    indices: false,
+    serializeDate: function serializeDate(date) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+        return toISO.call(date);
+    },
+    skipNulls: false,
+    strictNullHandling: false
+};
+
+var stringify = function stringify( // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
+    object,
+    prefix,
+    generateArrayPrefix,
+    strictNullHandling,
+    skipNulls,
+    encoder,
+    filter,
+    sort,
+    allowDots,
+    serializeDate,
+    formatter,
+    encodeValuesOnly,
+    charset
+) {
+    var obj = object;
+    if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+        obj = filter(prefix, obj);
+    } else if (obj instanceof Date) {
+        obj = serializeDate(obj);
+    } else if (generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && isArray(obj)) {
+        obj = obj.join(',');
+    }
+
+    if (obj === null) {
+        if (strictNullHandling) {
+            return encoder && !encodeValuesOnly ? encoder(prefix, defaults.encoder, charset) : prefix;
+        }
+
+        obj = '';
+    }
+
+    if (typeof obj === 'string' || typeof obj === 'number' || typeof obj === 'boolean' || utils.isBuffer(obj)) {
+        if (encoder) {
+            var keyValue = encodeValuesOnly ? prefix : encoder(prefix, defaults.encoder, charset);
+            return [formatter(keyValue) + '=' + formatter(encoder(obj, defaults.encoder, charset))];
+        }
+        return [formatter(prefix) + '=' + formatter(String(obj))];
+    }
+
+    var values = [];
+
+    if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    var objKeys;
+    if (isArray(filter)) {
+        objKeys = filter;
+    } else {
+        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+        objKeys = sort ? keys.sort(sort) : keys;
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < objKeys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = objKeys[i];
+
+        if (skipNulls && obj[key] === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (isArray(obj)) {
+            pushToArray(values, stringify(
+                obj[key],
+                typeof generateArrayPrefix === 'function' ? generateArrayPrefix(prefix, key) : prefix,
+                generateArrayPrefix,
+                strictNullHandling,
+                skipNulls,
+                encoder,
+                filter,
+                sort,
+                allowDots,
+                serializeDate,
+                formatter,
+                encodeValuesOnly,
+                charset
+            ));
+        } else {
+            pushToArray(values, stringify(
+                obj[key],
+                prefix + (allowDots ? '.' + key : '[' + key + ']'),
+                generateArrayPrefix,
+                strictNullHandling,
+                skipNulls,
+                encoder,
+                filter,
+                sort,
+                allowDots,
+                serializeDate,
+                formatter,
+                encodeValuesOnly,
+                charset
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return values;
+};
+
+var normalizeStringifyOptions = function normalizeStringifyOptions(opts) {
+    if (!opts) {
+        return defaults;
+    }
+
+    if (opts.encoder !== null && opts.encoder !== undefined && typeof opts.encoder !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('Encoder has to be a function.');
+    }
+
+    var charset = opts.charset || defaults.charset;
+    if (typeof opts.charset !== 'undefined' && opts.charset !== 'utf-8' && opts.charset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
+        throw new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined');
+    }
+
+    var format = formats['default'];
+    if (typeof opts.format !== 'undefined') {
+        if (!has.call(formats.formatters, opts.format)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Unknown format option provided.');
+        }
+        format = opts.format;
+    }
+    var formatter = formats.formatters[format];
+
+    var filter = defaults.filter;
+    if (typeof opts.filter === 'function' || isArray(opts.filter)) {
+        filter = opts.filter;
+    }
+
+    return {
+        addQueryPrefix: typeof opts.addQueryPrefix === 'boolean' ? opts.addQueryPrefix : defaults.addQueryPrefix,
+        allowDots: typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots,
+        charset: charset,
+        charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'undefined' ? defaults.delimiter : opts.delimiter,
+        encode: typeof opts.encode === 'boolean' ? opts.encode : defaults.encode,
+        encoder: typeof opts.encoder === 'function' ? opts.encoder : defaults.encoder,
+        encodeValuesOnly: typeof opts.encodeValuesOnly === 'boolean' ? opts.encodeValuesOnly : defaults.encodeValuesOnly,
+        filter: filter,
+        formatter: formatter,
+        serializeDate: typeof opts.serializeDate === 'function' ? opts.serializeDate : defaults.serializeDate,
+        skipNulls: typeof opts.skipNulls === 'boolean' ? opts.skipNulls : defaults.skipNulls,
+        sort: typeof opts.sort === 'function' ? opts.sort : null,
+        strictNullHandling: typeof opts.strictNullHandling === 'boolean' ? opts.strictNullHandling : defaults.strictNullHandling
+    };
+};
+
+module.exports = function (object, opts) {
+    var obj = object;
+    var options = normalizeStringifyOptions(opts);
+
+    var objKeys;
+    var filter;
+
+    if (typeof options.filter === 'function') {
+        filter = options.filter;
+        obj = filter('', obj);
+    } else if (isArray(options.filter)) {
+        filter = options.filter;
+        objKeys = filter;
+    }
+
+    var keys = [];
+
+    if (typeof obj !== 'object' || obj === null) {
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    var arrayFormat;
+    if (opts && opts.arrayFormat in arrayPrefixGenerators) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.arrayFormat;
+    } else if (opts && 'indices' in opts) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.indices ? 'indices' : 'repeat';
+    } else {
+        arrayFormat = 'indices';
+    }
+
+    var generateArrayPrefix = arrayPrefixGenerators[arrayFormat];
+
+    if (!objKeys) {
+        objKeys = Object.keys(obj);
+    }
+
+    if (options.sort) {
+        objKeys.sort(options.sort);
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < objKeys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = objKeys[i];
+
+        if (options.skipNulls && obj[key] === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        pushToArray(keys, stringify(
+            obj[key],
+            key,
+            generateArrayPrefix,
+            options.strictNullHandling,
+            options.skipNulls,
+            options.encode ? options.encoder : null,
+            options.filter,
+            options.sort,
+            options.allowDots,
+            options.serializeDate,
+            options.formatter,
+            options.encodeValuesOnly,
+            options.charset
+        ));
+    }
+
+    var joined = keys.join(options.delimiter);
+    var prefix = options.addQueryPrefix === true ? '?' : '';
+
+    if (options.charsetSentinel) {
+        if (options.charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+            // encodeURIComponent('&#10003;'), the "numeric entity" representation of a checkmark
+            prefix += 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&';
+        } else {
+            // encodeURIComponent('✓')
+            prefix += 'utf8=%E2%9C%93&';
+        }
+    }
+
+    return joined.length > 0 ? prefix + joined : '';
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b219cdde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+var hexTable = (function () {
+    var array = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+        array.push('%' + ((i < 16 ? '0' : '') + i.toString(16)).toUpperCase());
+    }
+
+    return array;
+}());
+
+var compactQueue = function compactQueue(queue) {
+    while (queue.length > 1) {
+        var item = queue.pop();
+        var obj = item.obj[item.prop];
+
+        if (isArray(obj)) {
+            var compacted = [];
+
+            for (var j = 0; j < obj.length; ++j) {
+                if (typeof obj[j] !== 'undefined') {
+                    compacted.push(obj[j]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            item.obj[item.prop] = compacted;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+var arrayToObject = function arrayToObject(source, options) {
+    var obj = options && options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
+    for (var i = 0; i < source.length; ++i) {
+        if (typeof source[i] !== 'undefined') {
+            obj[i] = source[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var merge = function merge(target, source, options) {
+    if (!source) {
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof source !== 'object') {
+        if (isArray(target)) {
+            target.push(source);
+        } else if (target && typeof target === 'object') {
+            if ((options && (options.plainObjects || options.allowPrototypes)) || !has.call(Object.prototype, source)) {
+                target[source] = true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return [target, source];
+        }
+
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    if (!target || typeof target !== 'object') {
+        return [target].concat(source);
+    }
+
+    var mergeTarget = target;
+    if (isArray(target) && !isArray(source)) {
+        mergeTarget = arrayToObject(target, options);
+    }
+
+    if (isArray(target) && isArray(source)) {
+        source.forEach(function (item, i) {
+            if (has.call(target, i)) {
+                var targetItem = target[i];
+                if (targetItem && typeof targetItem === 'object' && item && typeof item === 'object') {
+                    target[i] = merge(targetItem, item, options);
+                } else {
+                    target.push(item);
+                }
+            } else {
+                target[i] = item;
+            }
+        });
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    return Object.keys(source).reduce(function (acc, key) {
+        var value = source[key];
+
+        if (has.call(acc, key)) {
+            acc[key] = merge(acc[key], value, options);
+        } else {
+            acc[key] = value;
+        }
+        return acc;
+    }, mergeTarget);
+};
+
+var assign = function assignSingleSource(target, source) {
+    return Object.keys(source).reduce(function (acc, key) {
+        acc[key] = source[key];
+        return acc;
+    }, target);
+};
+
+var decode = function (str, decoder, charset) {
+    var strWithoutPlus = str.replace(/\+/g, ' ');
+    if (charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+        // unescape never throws, no try...catch needed:
+        return strWithoutPlus.replace(/%[0-9a-f]{2}/gi, unescape);
+    }
+    // utf-8
+    try {
+        return decodeURIComponent(strWithoutPlus);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return strWithoutPlus;
+    }
+};
+
+var encode = function encode(str, defaultEncoder, charset) {
+    // This code was originally written by Brian White (mscdex) for the io.js core querystring library.
+    // It has been adapted here for stricter adherence to RFC 3986
+    if (str.length === 0) {
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    var string = typeof str === 'string' ? str : String(str);
+
+    if (charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+        return escape(string).replace(/%u[0-9a-f]{4}/gi, function ($0) {
+            return '%26%23' + parseInt($0.slice(2), 16) + '%3B';
+        });
+    }
+
+    var out = '';
+    for (var i = 0; i < string.length; ++i) {
+        var c = string.charCodeAt(i);
+
+        if (
+            c === 0x2D // -
+            || c === 0x2E // .
+            || c === 0x5F // _
+            || c === 0x7E // ~
+            || (c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x39) // 0-9
+            || (c >= 0x41 && c <= 0x5A) // a-z
+            || (c >= 0x61 && c <= 0x7A) // A-Z
+        ) {
+            out += string.charAt(i);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c < 0x80) {
+            out = out + hexTable[c];
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c < 0x800) {
+            out = out + (hexTable[0xC0 | (c >> 6)] + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c >= 0xE000) {
+            out = out + (hexTable[0xE0 | (c >> 12)] + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)] + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)]);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        i += 1;
+        c = 0x10000 + (((c & 0x3FF) << 10) | (string.charCodeAt(i) & 0x3FF));
+        out += hexTable[0xF0 | (c >> 18)]
+            + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F)]
+            + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)]
+            + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)];
+    }
+
+    return out;
+};
+
+var compact = function compact(value) {
+    var queue = [{ obj: { o: value }, prop: 'o' }];
+    var refs = [];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; ++i) {
+        var item = queue[i];
+        var obj = item.obj[item.prop];
+
+        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+        for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; ++j) {
+            var key = keys[j];
+            var val = obj[key];
+            if (typeof val === 'object' && val !== null && refs.indexOf(val) === -1) {
+                queue.push({ obj: obj, prop: key });
+                refs.push(val);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    compactQueue(queue);
+
+    return value;
+};
+
+var isRegExp = function isRegExp(obj) {
+    return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object RegExp]';
+};
+
+var isBuffer = function isBuffer(obj) {
+    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return !!(obj.constructor && obj.constructor.isBuffer && obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj));
+};
+
+var combine = function combine(a, b) {
+    return [].concat(a, b);
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    arrayToObject: arrayToObject,
+    assign: assign,
+    combine: combine,
+    compact: compact,
+    decode: decode,
+    encode: encode,
+    isBuffer: isBuffer,
+    isRegExp: isRegExp,
+    merge: merge
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/package.json b/backend/node_modules/qs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22e34aea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+  "_from": "qs@6.7.0",
+  "_id": "qs@6.7.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-VCdBRNFTX1fyE7Nb6FYoURo/SPe62QCaAyzJvUjwRaIsc+NePBEniHlvxFmmX56+HZphIGtV0XeCirBtpDrTyQ==",
+  "_location": "/qs",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "qs@6.7.0",
+    "name": "qs",
+    "escapedName": "qs",
+    "rawSpec": "6.7.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "6.7.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/qs/-/qs-6.7.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "41dc1a015e3d581f1621776be31afb2876a9b1bc",
+  "_spec": "qs@6.7.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Jordan Harband",
+      "email": "ljharb@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://ljharb.codes"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A querystring parser that supports nesting and arrays, with a depth limit",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@ljharb/eslint-config": "^13.1.1",
+    "browserify": "^16.2.3",
+    "covert": "^1.1.1",
+    "editorconfig-tools": "^0.1.1",
+    "eslint": "^5.15.3",
+    "evalmd": "^0.0.17",
+    "for-each": "^0.3.3",
+    "iconv-lite": "^0.4.24",
+    "mkdirp": "^0.5.1",
+    "object-inspect": "^1.6.0",
+    "qs-iconv": "^1.0.4",
+    "safe-publish-latest": "^1.1.2",
+    "safer-buffer": "^2.1.2",
+    "tape": "^4.10.1"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.6"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs",
+  "keywords": [
+    "querystring",
+    "qs",
+    "query",
+    "url",
+    "parse",
+    "stringify"
+  ],
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "main": "lib/index.js",
+  "name": "qs",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/ljharb/qs.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "covert test",
+    "dist": "mkdirp dist && browserify --standalone Qs lib/index.js > dist/qs.js",
+    "lint": "eslint lib/*.js test/*.js",
+    "postlint": "editorconfig-tools check * lib/* test/*",
+    "prepublish": "safe-publish-latest && npm run dist",
+    "pretest": "npm run --silent readme && npm run --silent lint",
+    "readme": "evalmd README.md",
+    "test": "npm run --silent coverage",
+    "tests-only": "node test"
+  },
+  "version": "6.7.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/test/.eslintrc b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/.eslintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ebbb921e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/.eslintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "rules": {
+		"array-bracket-newline": 0,
+		"array-element-newline": 0,
+		"consistent-return": 2,
+        "function-paren-newline": 0,
+        "max-lines": 0,
+        "max-lines-per-function": 0,
+        "max-nested-callbacks": [2, 3],
+        "max-statements": 0,
+		"no-buffer-constructor": 0,
+        "no-extend-native": 0,
+        "no-magic-numbers": 0,
+		"object-curly-newline": 0,
+        "sort-keys": 0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e6bc8fbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+'use strict';
+
+require('./parse');
+
+require('./stringify');
+
+require('./utils');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/test/parse.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..896778996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var test = require('tape');
+var qs = require('../');
+var utils = require('../lib/utils');
+var iconv = require('iconv-lite');
+var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer;
+
+test('parse()', function (t) {
+    t.test('parses a simple string', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('0=foo'), { 0: 'foo' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=c++'), { foo: 'c  ' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[>=]=23'), { a: { '>=': '23' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[<=>]==23'), { a: { '<=>': '=23' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[==]=23'), { a: { '==': '23' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo', { strictNullHandling: true }), { foo: null });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo'), { foo: '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo='), { foo: '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar'), { foo: 'bar' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(' foo = bar = baz '), { ' foo ': ' bar = baz ' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar=baz'), { foo: 'bar=baz' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&bar=baz'), { foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo2=bar2&baz2='), { foo2: 'bar2', baz2: '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&baz', { strictNullHandling: true }), { foo: 'bar', baz: null });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&baz'), { foo: 'bar', baz: '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('cht=p3&chd=t:60,40&chs=250x100&chl=Hello|World'), {
+            cht: 'p3',
+            chd: 't:60,40',
+            chs: '250x100',
+            chl: 'Hello|World'
+        });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows enabling dot notation', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a.b=c'), { 'a.b': 'c' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a.b=c', { allowDots: true }), { a: { b: 'c' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c'), { a: { b: 'c' } }, 'parses a single nested string');
+    t.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b][c]=d'), { a: { b: { c: 'd' } } }, 'parses a double nested string');
+    t.deepEqual(
+        qs.parse('a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h]=i'),
+        { a: { b: { c: { d: { e: { f: { '[g][h]': 'i' } } } } } } },
+        'defaults to a depth of 5'
+    );
+
+    t.test('only parses one level when depth = 1', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b][c]=d', { depth: 1 }), { a: { b: { '[c]': 'd' } } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b][c][d]=e', { depth: 1 }), { a: { b: { '[c][d]': 'e' } } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&a=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] }, 'parses a simple array');
+
+    t.test('parses an explicit array', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b'), { a: ['b'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=c&a[]=d'), { a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses a mix of simple and explicit arrays', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&a[]=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[0]=b&a=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&a[0]=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1]=b&a=c', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a=c', { arrayLimit: 0 }), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&a[1]=c', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&a[]=c', { arrayLimit: 0 }), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&a[]=c'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses a nested array', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b][]=c&a[b][]=d'), { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[>=]=25'), { a: { '>=': '25' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows to specify array indices', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1]=c&a[0]=b&a[2]=d'), { a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1]=c&a[0]=b'), { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1]=c', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: ['c'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1]=c', { arrayLimit: 0 }), { a: { 1: 'c' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1]=c'), { a: ['c'] });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('limits specific array indices to arrayLimit', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[20]=a', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: ['a'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[21]=a', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: { 21: 'a' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[12b]=c'), { a: { '12b': 'c' } }, 'supports keys that begin with a number');
+
+    t.test('supports encoded = signs', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('he%3Dllo=th%3Dere'), { 'he=llo': 'th=ere' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('is ok with url encoded strings', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b%20c]=d'), { a: { 'b c': 'd' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c%20d'), { a: { b: 'c d' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows brackets in the value', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('pets=["tobi"]'), { pets: '["tobi"]' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('operators=[">=", "<="]'), { operators: '[">=", "<="]' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows empty values', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(''), {});
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(null), {});
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(undefined), {});
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('transforms arrays to objects', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0]=bar&foo[bad]=baz'), { foo: { 0: 'bar', bad: 'baz' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bad]=baz&foo[0]=bar'), { foo: { bad: 'baz', 0: 'bar' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bad]=baz&foo[]=bar'), { foo: { bad: 'baz', 0: 'bar' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[]=bar&foo[bad]=baz'), { foo: { 0: 'bar', bad: 'baz' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bad]=baz&foo[]=bar&foo[]=foo'), { foo: { bad: 'baz', 0: 'bar', 1: 'foo' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0][a]=a&foo[0][b]=b&foo[1][a]=aa&foo[1][b]=bb'), { foo: [{ a: 'a', b: 'b' }, { a: 'aa', b: 'bb' }] });
+
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[t]=u&a[hasOwnProperty]=c', { allowPrototypes: false }), { a: { 0: 'b', t: 'u' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[t]=u&a[hasOwnProperty]=c', { allowPrototypes: true }), { a: { 0: 'b', t: 'u', hasOwnProperty: 'c' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[hasOwnProperty]=c&a[x]=y', { allowPrototypes: false }), { a: { 0: 'b', x: 'y' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[hasOwnProperty]=c&a[x]=y', { allowPrototypes: true }), { a: { 0: 'b', hasOwnProperty: 'c', x: 'y' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('transforms arrays to objects (dot notation)', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0].baz=bar&fool.bad=baz', { allowDots: true }), { foo: [{ baz: 'bar' }], fool: { bad: 'baz' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0].baz=bar&fool.bad.boo=baz', { allowDots: true }), { foo: [{ baz: 'bar' }], fool: { bad: { boo: 'baz' } } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0][0].baz=bar&fool.bad=baz', { allowDots: true }), { foo: [[{ baz: 'bar' }]], fool: { bad: 'baz' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0].baz[0]=15&foo[0].bar=2', { allowDots: true }), { foo: [{ baz: ['15'], bar: '2' }] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0].baz[0]=15&foo[0].baz[1]=16&foo[0].bar=2', { allowDots: true }), { foo: [{ baz: ['15', '16'], bar: '2' }] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo.bad=baz&foo[0]=bar', { allowDots: true }), { foo: { bad: 'baz', 0: 'bar' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo.bad=baz&foo[]=bar', { allowDots: true }), { foo: { bad: 'baz', 0: 'bar' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[]=bar&foo.bad=baz', { allowDots: true }), { foo: { 0: 'bar', bad: 'baz' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo.bad=baz&foo[]=bar&foo[]=foo', { allowDots: true }), { foo: { bad: 'baz', 0: 'bar', 1: 'foo' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[0].a=a&foo[0].b=b&foo[1].a=aa&foo[1].b=bb', { allowDots: true }), { foo: [{ a: 'a', b: 'b' }, { a: 'aa', b: 'bb' }] });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('correctly prunes undefined values when converting an array to an object', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[2]=b&a[99999999]=c'), { a: { 2: 'b', 99999999: 'c' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('supports malformed uri characters', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('{%:%}', { strictNullHandling: true }), { '{%:%}': null });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('{%:%}='), { '{%:%}': '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=%:%}'), { foo: '%:%}' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('doesn\'t produce empty keys', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('_r=1&'), { _r: '1' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('cannot access Object prototype', function (st) {
+        qs.parse('constructor[prototype][bad]=bad');
+        qs.parse('bad[constructor][prototype][bad]=bad');
+        st.equal(typeof Object.prototype.bad, 'undefined');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses arrays of objects', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[][b]=c'), { a: [{ b: 'c' }] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[0][b]=c'), { a: [{ b: 'c' }] });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows for empty strings in arrays', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=&a[]=c'), { a: ['b', '', 'c'] });
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]&a[2]=c&a[19]=', { strictNullHandling: true, arrayLimit: 20 }),
+            { a: ['b', null, 'c', ''] },
+            'with arrayLimit 20 + array indices: null then empty string works'
+        );
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]&a[]=c&a[]=', { strictNullHandling: true, arrayLimit: 0 }),
+            { a: ['b', null, 'c', ''] },
+            'with arrayLimit 0 + array brackets: null then empty string works'
+        );
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]=&a[2]=c&a[19]', { strictNullHandling: true, arrayLimit: 20 }),
+            { a: ['b', '', 'c', null] },
+            'with arrayLimit 20 + array indices: empty string then null works'
+        );
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=&a[]=c&a[]', { strictNullHandling: true, arrayLimit: 0 }),
+            { a: ['b', '', 'c', null] },
+            'with arrayLimit 0 + array brackets: empty string then null works'
+        );
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[]=&a[]=b&a[]=c'),
+            { a: ['', 'b', 'c'] },
+            'array brackets: empty strings work'
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('compacts sparse arrays', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[10]=1&a[2]=2', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: ['2', '1'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1][b][2][c]=1', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: [{ b: [{ c: '1' }] }] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1][2][3][c]=1', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: [[[{ c: '1' }]]] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[1][2][3][c][1]=1', { arrayLimit: 20 }), { a: [[[{ c: ['1'] }]]] });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses semi-parsed strings', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse({ 'a[b]': 'c' }), { a: { b: 'c' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse({ 'a[b]': 'c', 'a[d]': 'e' }), { a: { b: 'c', d: 'e' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses buffers correctly', function (st) {
+        var b = SaferBuffer.from('test');
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse({ a: b }), { a: b });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses jquery-param strings', function (st) {
+        // readable = 'filter[0][]=int1&filter[0][]==&filter[0][]=77&filter[]=and&filter[2][]=int2&filter[2][]==&filter[2][]=8'
+        var encoded = 'filter%5B0%5D%5B%5D=int1&filter%5B0%5D%5B%5D=%3D&filter%5B0%5D%5B%5D=77&filter%5B%5D=and&filter%5B2%5D%5B%5D=int2&filter%5B2%5D%5B%5D=%3D&filter%5B2%5D%5B%5D=8';
+        var expected = { filter: [['int1', '=', '77'], 'and', ['int2', '=', '8']] };
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(encoded), expected);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('continues parsing when no parent is found', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('[]=&a=b'), { 0: '', a: 'b' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('[]&a=b', { strictNullHandling: true }), { 0: null, a: 'b' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('[foo]=bar'), { foo: 'bar' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not error when parsing a very long array', function (st) {
+        var str = 'a[]=a';
+        while (Buffer.byteLength(str) < 128 * 1024) {
+            str = str + '&' + str;
+        }
+
+        st.doesNotThrow(function () {
+            qs.parse(str);
+        });
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('should not throw when a native prototype has an enumerable property', function (st) {
+        Object.prototype.crash = '';
+        Array.prototype.crash = '';
+        st.doesNotThrow(qs.parse.bind(null, 'a=b'));
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b'), { a: 'b' });
+        st.doesNotThrow(qs.parse.bind(null, 'a[][b]=c'));
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[][b]=c'), { a: [{ b: 'c' }] });
+        delete Object.prototype.crash;
+        delete Array.prototype.crash;
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses a string with an alternative string delimiter', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b;c=d', { delimiter: ';' }), { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses a string with an alternative RegExp delimiter', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b; c=d', { delimiter: /[;,] */ }), { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not use non-splittable objects as delimiters', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&c=d', { delimiter: true }), { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows overriding parameter limit', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&c=d', { parameterLimit: 1 }), { a: 'b' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows setting the parameter limit to Infinity', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=b&c=d', { parameterLimit: Infinity }), { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows overriding array limit', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[0]=b', { arrayLimit: -1 }), { a: { 0: 'b' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[-1]=b', { arrayLimit: -1 }), { a: { '-1': 'b' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]=c', { arrayLimit: 0 }), { a: { 0: 'b', 1: 'c' } });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows disabling array parsing', function (st) {
+        var indices = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]=c', { parseArrays: false });
+        st.deepEqual(indices, { a: { 0: 'b', 1: 'c' } });
+        st.equal(Array.isArray(indices.a), false, 'parseArrays:false, indices case is not an array');
+
+        var emptyBrackets = qs.parse('a[]=b', { parseArrays: false });
+        st.deepEqual(emptyBrackets, { a: { 0: 'b' } });
+        st.equal(Array.isArray(emptyBrackets.a), false, 'parseArrays:false, empty brackets case is not an array');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('allows for query string prefix', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('?foo=bar', { ignoreQueryPrefix: true }), { foo: 'bar' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar', { ignoreQueryPrefix: true }), { foo: 'bar' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('?foo=bar', { ignoreQueryPrefix: false }), { '?foo': 'bar' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses an object', function (st) {
+        var input = {
+            'user[name]': { 'pop[bob]': 3 },
+            'user[email]': null
+        };
+
+        var expected = {
+            user: {
+                name: { 'pop[bob]': 3 },
+                email: null
+            }
+        };
+
+        var result = qs.parse(input);
+
+        st.deepEqual(result, expected);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses string with comma as array divider', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar,tee', { comma: true }), { foo: ['bar', 'tee'] });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar]=coffee,tee', { comma: true }), { foo: { bar: ['coffee', 'tee'] } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=', { comma: true }), { foo: '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo', { comma: true }), { foo: '' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo', { comma: true, strictNullHandling: true }), { foo: null });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses an object in dot notation', function (st) {
+        var input = {
+            'user.name': { 'pop[bob]': 3 },
+            'user.email.': null
+        };
+
+        var expected = {
+            user: {
+                name: { 'pop[bob]': 3 },
+                email: null
+            }
+        };
+
+        var result = qs.parse(input, { allowDots: true });
+
+        st.deepEqual(result, expected);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses an object and not child values', function (st) {
+        var input = {
+            'user[name]': { 'pop[bob]': { test: 3 } },
+            'user[email]': null
+        };
+
+        var expected = {
+            user: {
+                name: { 'pop[bob]': { test: 3 } },
+                email: null
+            }
+        };
+
+        var result = qs.parse(input);
+
+        st.deepEqual(result, expected);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not blow up when Buffer global is missing', function (st) {
+        var tempBuffer = global.Buffer;
+        delete global.Buffer;
+        var result = qs.parse('a=b&c=d');
+        global.Buffer = tempBuffer;
+        st.deepEqual(result, { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not crash when parsing circular references', function (st) {
+        var a = {};
+        a.b = a;
+
+        var parsed;
+
+        st.doesNotThrow(function () {
+            parsed = qs.parse({ 'foo[bar]': 'baz', 'foo[baz]': a });
+        });
+
+        st.equal('foo' in parsed, true, 'parsed has "foo" property');
+        st.equal('bar' in parsed.foo, true);
+        st.equal('baz' in parsed.foo, true);
+        st.equal(parsed.foo.bar, 'baz');
+        st.deepEqual(parsed.foo.baz, a);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not crash when parsing deep objects', function (st) {
+        var parsed;
+        var str = 'foo';
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
+            str += '[p]';
+        }
+
+        str += '=bar';
+
+        st.doesNotThrow(function () {
+            parsed = qs.parse(str, { depth: 5000 });
+        });
+
+        st.equal('foo' in parsed, true, 'parsed has "foo" property');
+
+        var depth = 0;
+        var ref = parsed.foo;
+        while ((ref = ref.p)) {
+            depth += 1;
+        }
+
+        st.equal(depth, 5000, 'parsed is 5000 properties deep');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses null objects correctly', { skip: !Object.create }, function (st) {
+        var a = Object.create(null);
+        a.b = 'c';
+
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(a), { b: 'c' });
+        var result = qs.parse({ a: a });
+        st.equal('a' in result, true, 'result has "a" property');
+        st.deepEqual(result.a, a);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses dates correctly', function (st) {
+        var now = new Date();
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse({ a: now }), { a: now });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses regular expressions correctly', function (st) {
+        var re = /^test$/;
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse({ a: re }), { a: re });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not allow overwriting prototype properties', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { allowPrototypes: false }), {});
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('hasOwnProperty=b', { allowPrototypes: false }), {});
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('toString', { allowPrototypes: false }),
+            {},
+            'bare "toString" results in {}'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can allow overwriting prototype properties', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { allowPrototypes: true }), { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('hasOwnProperty=b', { allowPrototypes: true }), { hasOwnProperty: 'b' });
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('toString', { allowPrototypes: true }),
+            { toString: '' },
+            'bare "toString" results in { toString: "" }'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('params starting with a closing bracket', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(']=toString'), { ']': 'toString' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(']]=toString'), { ']]': 'toString' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(']hello]=toString'), { ']hello]': 'toString' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('params starting with a starting bracket', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('[=toString'), { '[': 'toString' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('[[=toString'), { '[[': 'toString' });
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('[hello[=toString'), { '[hello[': 'toString' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('add keys to objects', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=d'),
+            { a: { b: 'c', d: true } },
+            'can add keys to objects'
+        );
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=toString'),
+            { a: { b: 'c' } },
+            'can not overwrite prototype'
+        );
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=toString', { allowPrototypes: true }),
+            { a: { b: 'c', toString: true } },
+            'can overwrite prototype with allowPrototypes true'
+        );
+
+        st.deepEqual(
+            qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=toString', { plainObjects: true }),
+            { a: { b: 'c', toString: true } },
+            'can overwrite prototype with plainObjects true'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can return null objects', { skip: !Object.create }, function (st) {
+        var expected = Object.create(null);
+        expected.a = Object.create(null);
+        expected.a.b = 'c';
+        expected.a.hasOwnProperty = 'd';
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c&a[hasOwnProperty]=d', { plainObjects: true }), expected);
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse(null, { plainObjects: true }), Object.create(null));
+        var expectedArray = Object.create(null);
+        expectedArray.a = Object.create(null);
+        expectedArray.a[0] = 'b';
+        expectedArray.a.c = 'd';
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[]=b&a[c]=d', { plainObjects: true }), expectedArray);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can parse with custom encoding', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('%8c%a7=%91%e5%8d%e3%95%7b', {
+            decoder: function (str) {
+                var reg = /%([0-9A-F]{2})/ig;
+                var result = [];
+                var parts = reg.exec(str);
+                while (parts) {
+                    result.push(parseInt(parts[1], 16));
+                    parts = reg.exec(str);
+                }
+                return String(iconv.decode(SaferBuffer.from(result), 'shift_jis'));
+            }
+        }), { 県: '大阪府' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('receives the default decoder as a second argument', function (st) {
+        st.plan(1);
+        qs.parse('a', {
+            decoder: function (str, defaultDecoder) {
+                st.equal(defaultDecoder, utils.decode);
+            }
+        });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('throws error with wrong decoder', function (st) {
+        st['throws'](function () {
+            qs.parse({}, { decoder: 'string' });
+        }, new TypeError('Decoder has to be a function.'));
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not mutate the options argument', function (st) {
+        var options = {};
+        qs.parse('a[b]=true', options);
+        st.deepEqual(options, {});
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('throws if an invalid charset is specified', function (st) {
+        st['throws'](function () {
+            qs.parse('a=b', { charset: 'foobar' });
+        }, new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined'));
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('parses an iso-8859-1 string if asked to', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('%A2=%BD', { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), { '¢': '½' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    var urlEncodedCheckmarkInUtf8 = '%E2%9C%93';
+    var urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 = '%C3%B8';
+    var urlEncodedNumCheckmark = '%26%2310003%3B';
+    var urlEncodedNumSmiley = '%26%239786%3B';
+
+    t.test('prefers an utf-8 charset specified by the utf8 sentinel to a default charset of iso-8859-1', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('utf8=' + urlEncodedCheckmarkInUtf8 + '&' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 + '=' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), { ø: 'ø' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('prefers an iso-8859-1 charset specified by the utf8 sentinel to a default charset of utf-8', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('utf8=' + urlEncodedNumCheckmark + '&' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 + '=' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'utf-8' }), { 'ø': 'ø' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not require the utf8 sentinel to be defined before the parameters whose decoding it affects', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 + '&utf8=' + urlEncodedNumCheckmark, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'utf-8' }), { a: 'ø' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('should ignore an utf8 sentinel with an unknown value', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('utf8=foo&' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 + '=' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'utf-8' }), { ø: 'ø' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses the utf8 sentinel to switch to utf-8 when no default charset is given', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('utf8=' + urlEncodedCheckmarkInUtf8 + '&' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 + '=' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8, { charsetSentinel: true }), { ø: 'ø' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses the utf8 sentinel to switch to iso-8859-1 when no default charset is given', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('utf8=' + urlEncodedNumCheckmark + '&' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8 + '=' + urlEncodedOSlashInUtf8, { charsetSentinel: true }), { 'ø': 'ø' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('interprets numeric entities in iso-8859-1 when `interpretNumericEntities`', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=' + urlEncodedNumSmiley, { charset: 'iso-8859-1', interpretNumericEntities: true }), { foo: '☺' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('handles a custom decoder returning `null`, in the `iso-8859-1` charset, when `interpretNumericEntities`', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=&bar=' + urlEncodedNumSmiley, {
+            charset: 'iso-8859-1',
+            decoder: function (str, defaultDecoder, charset) {
+                return str ? defaultDecoder(str, defaultDecoder, charset) : null;
+            },
+            interpretNumericEntities: true
+        }), { foo: null, bar: '☺' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not interpret numeric entities in iso-8859-1 when `interpretNumericEntities` is absent', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=' + urlEncodedNumSmiley, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), { foo: '&#9786;' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not interpret numeric entities when the charset is utf-8, even when `interpretNumericEntities`', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=' + urlEncodedNumSmiley, { charset: 'utf-8', interpretNumericEntities: true }), { foo: '&#9786;' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not interpret %uXXXX syntax in iso-8859-1 mode', function (st) {
+        st.deepEqual(qs.parse('%u263A=%u263A', { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), { '%u263A': '%u263A' });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/test/stringify.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/stringify.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53041c2e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/stringify.js
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var test = require('tape');
+var qs = require('../');
+var utils = require('../lib/utils');
+var iconv = require('iconv-lite');
+var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer;
+
+test('stringify()', function (t) {
+    t.test('stringifies a querystring object', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 1 }), 'a=1');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 1, b: 2 }), 'a=1&b=2');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'A_Z' }), 'a=A_Z');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '€' }), 'a=%E2%82%AC');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a=%EE%80%80');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'א' }), 'a=%D7%90');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '𐐷' }), 'a=%F0%90%90%B7');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies falsy values', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(undefined), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(null), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(null, { strictNullHandling: true }), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(false), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(0), '');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('adds query prefix', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '?a=b');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('with query prefix, outputs blank string given an empty object', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({}, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies nested falsy values', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: null } } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D=');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: null } } }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: false } } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D=false');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a nested object', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: { d: 'e' } } } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D%5Bd%5D=e');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a nested object with dots notation', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { allowDots: true }), 'a.b=c');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: { d: 'e' } } } }, { allowDots: true }), 'a.b.c.d=e');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an array value', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }),
+            'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c&a%5B2%5D=d',
+            'indices => indices'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),
+            'a%5B%5D=b&a%5B%5D=c&a%5B%5D=d',
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' }),
+            'a=b%2Cc%2Cd',
+            'comma => comma'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }),
+            'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c&a%5B2%5D=d',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('omits nulls when asked', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null }, { skipNulls: true }), 'a=b');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('omits nested nulls when asked', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c', d: null } }, { skipNulls: true }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('omits array indices when asked', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { indices: false }), 'a=b&a=c&a=d');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a nested array value', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5B0%5D=c&a%5Bb%5D%5B1%5D=d');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5B%5D=c&a%5Bb%5D%5B%5D=d');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c%2Cd'); // a[b]=c,d
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5B0%5D=c&a%5Bb%5D%5B1%5D=d');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a nested array value with dots notation', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }
+            ),
+            'a.b[0]=c&a.b[1]=d',
+            'indices: stringifies with dots + indices'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }
+            ),
+            'a.b[]=c&a.b[]=d',
+            'brackets: stringifies with dots + brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma' }
+            ),
+            'a.b=c,d',
+            'comma: stringifies with dots + comma'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false }
+            ),
+            'a.b[0]=c&a.b[1]=d',
+            'default: stringifies with dots + indices'
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an object inside an array', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }),
+            'a%5B0%5D%5Bb%5D=c', // a[0][b]=c
+            'indices => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),
+            'a%5B%5D%5Bb%5D=c', // a[][b]=c
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }),
+            'a%5B0%5D%5Bb%5D=c',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }),
+            'a%5B0%5D%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D%5B0%5D=1',
+            'indices => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),
+            'a%5B%5D%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D%5B%5D=1',
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }),
+            'a%5B0%5D%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D%5B0%5D=1',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an array with mixed objects and primitives', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }),
+            'a[0][b]=1&a[1]=2&a[2]=3',
+            'indices => indices'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),
+            'a[][b]=1&a[]=2&a[]=3',
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encode: false }),
+            'a[0][b]=1&a[1]=2&a[2]=3',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an object inside an array with dots notation', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: [{ b: 'c' }] },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }
+            ),
+            'a[0].b=c',
+            'indices => indices'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: [{ b: 'c' }] },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }
+            ),
+            'a[].b=c',
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: [{ b: 'c' }] },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false }
+            ),
+            'a[0].b=c',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }
+            ),
+            'a[0].b.c[0]=1',
+            'indices => indices'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }
+            ),
+            'a[].b.c[]=1',
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] },
+                { allowDots: true, encode: false }
+            ),
+            'a[0].b.c[0]=1',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not omit object keys when indices = false', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { indices: false }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses indices notation for arrays when indices=true', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { indices: true }), 'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses indices notation for arrays when no arrayFormat is specified', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }), 'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses indices notation for arrays when no arrayFormat=indices', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses repeat notation for arrays when no arrayFormat=repeat', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=b&a=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('uses brackets notation for arrays when no arrayFormat=brackets', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a%5B%5D=b&a%5B%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a complicated object', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c', d: 'e' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c&a%5Bd%5D=e');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an empty value', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a=');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a');
+
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '', b: '' }), 'a=&b=');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a&b=');
+
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: '' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: null } }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a%5Bb%5D');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: null } }, { strictNullHandling: false }), 'a%5Bb%5D=');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a null object', { skip: !Object.create }, function (st) {
+        var obj = Object.create(null);
+        obj.a = 'b';
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj), 'a=b');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('returns an empty string for invalid input', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(undefined), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(false), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(null), '');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(''), '');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an object with a null object as a child', { skip: !Object.create }, function (st) {
+        var obj = { a: Object.create(null) };
+
+        obj.a.b = 'c';
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('drops keys with a value of undefined', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: undefined }), '');
+
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: undefined, c: null } }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a%5Bc%5D');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: undefined, c: null } }, { strictNullHandling: false }), 'a%5Bc%5D=');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: undefined, c: '' } }), 'a%5Bc%5D=');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('url encodes values', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies a date', function (st) {
+        var now = new Date();
+        var str = 'a=' + encodeURIComponent(now.toISOString());
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: now }), str);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies the weird object from qs', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'my weird field': '~q1!2"\'w$5&7/z8)?' }), 'my%20weird%20field=~q1%212%22%27w%245%267%2Fz8%29%3F');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('skips properties that are part of the object prototype', function (st) {
+        Object.prototype.crash = 'test';
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+        delete Object.prototype.crash;
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies boolean values', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: true }), 'a=true');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: true } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=true');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ b: false }), 'b=false');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ b: { c: false } }), 'b%5Bc%5D=false');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies buffer values', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: SaferBuffer.from('test') }), 'a=test');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: SaferBuffer.from('test') } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=test');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('stringifies an object using an alternative delimiter', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { delimiter: ';' }), 'a=b;c=d');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('doesn\'t blow up when Buffer global is missing', function (st) {
+        var tempBuffer = global.Buffer;
+        delete global.Buffer;
+        var result = qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+        global.Buffer = tempBuffer;
+        st.equal(result, 'a=b&c=d');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('selects properties when filter=array', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { filter: ['a'] }), 'a=b');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 1 }, { filter: [] }), '');
+
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: [1, 2, 3, 4], c: 'd' }, c: 'f' },
+                { filter: ['a', 'b', 0, 2], arrayFormat: 'indices' }
+            ),
+            'a%5Bb%5D%5B0%5D=1&a%5Bb%5D%5B2%5D=3',
+            'indices => indices'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: [1, 2, 3, 4], c: 'd' }, c: 'f' },
+                { filter: ['a', 'b', 0, 2], arrayFormat: 'brackets' }
+            ),
+            'a%5Bb%5D%5B%5D=1&a%5Bb%5D%5B%5D=3',
+            'brackets => brackets'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: [1, 2, 3, 4], c: 'd' }, c: 'f' },
+                { filter: ['a', 'b', 0, 2] }
+            ),
+            'a%5Bb%5D%5B0%5D=1&a%5Bb%5D%5B2%5D=3',
+            'default => indices'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('supports custom representations when filter=function', function (st) {
+        var calls = 0;
+        var obj = { a: 'b', c: 'd', e: { f: new Date(1257894000000) } };
+        var filterFunc = function (prefix, value) {
+            calls += 1;
+            if (calls === 1) {
+                st.equal(prefix, '', 'prefix is empty');
+                st.equal(value, obj);
+            } else if (prefix === 'c') {
+                return void 0;
+            } else if (value instanceof Date) {
+                st.equal(prefix, 'e[f]');
+                return value.getTime();
+            }
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj, { filter: filterFunc }), 'a=b&e%5Bf%5D=1257894000000');
+        st.equal(calls, 5);
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can disable uri encoding', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { encode: false }), 'a=b');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encode: false }), 'a[b]=c');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null }, { strictNullHandling: true, encode: false }), 'a=b&c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can sort the keys', function (st) {
+        var sort = function (a, b) {
+            return a.localeCompare(b);
+        };
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: 'y', b: 'f' }, { sort: sort }), 'a=c&b=f&z=y');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: { j: 'a', i: 'b' }, b: 'f' }, { sort: sort }), 'a=c&b=f&z%5Bi%5D=b&z%5Bj%5D=a');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can sort the keys at depth 3 or more too', function (st) {
+        var sort = function (a, b) {
+            return a.localeCompare(b);
+        };
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: 'a', z: { zj: { zjb: 'zjb', zja: 'zja' }, zi: { zib: 'zib', zia: 'zia' } }, b: 'b' },
+                { sort: sort, encode: false }
+            ),
+            'a=a&b=b&z[zi][zia]=zia&z[zi][zib]=zib&z[zj][zja]=zja&z[zj][zjb]=zjb'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: 'a', z: { zj: { zjb: 'zjb', zja: 'zja' }, zi: { zib: 'zib', zia: 'zia' } }, b: 'b' },
+                { sort: null, encode: false }
+            ),
+            'a=a&z[zj][zjb]=zjb&z[zj][zja]=zja&z[zi][zib]=zib&z[zi][zia]=zia&b=b'
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can stringify with custom encoding', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 県: '大阪府', '': '' }, {
+            encoder: function (str) {
+                if (str.length === 0) {
+                    return '';
+                }
+                var buf = iconv.encode(str, 'shiftjis');
+                var result = [];
+                for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; ++i) {
+                    result.push(buf.readUInt8(i).toString(16));
+                }
+                return '%' + result.join('%');
+            }
+        }), '%8c%a7=%91%e5%8d%e3%95%7b&=');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('receives the default encoder as a second argument', function (st) {
+        st.plan(2);
+        qs.stringify({ a: 1 }, {
+            encoder: function (str, defaultEncoder) {
+                st.equal(defaultEncoder, utils.encode);
+            }
+        });
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('throws error with wrong encoder', function (st) {
+        st['throws'](function () {
+            qs.stringify({}, { encoder: 'string' });
+        }, new TypeError('Encoder has to be a function.'));
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('can use custom encoder for a buffer object', { skip: typeof Buffer === 'undefined' }, function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: SaferBuffer.from([1]) }, {
+            encoder: function (buffer) {
+                if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+                    return buffer;
+                }
+                return String.fromCharCode(buffer.readUInt8(0) + 97);
+            }
+        }), 'a=b');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('serializeDate option', function (st) {
+        var date = new Date();
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: date }),
+            'a=' + date.toISOString().replace(/:/g, '%3A'),
+            'default is toISOString'
+        );
+
+        var mutatedDate = new Date();
+        mutatedDate.toISOString = function () {
+            throw new SyntaxError();
+        };
+        st['throws'](function () {
+            mutatedDate.toISOString();
+        }, SyntaxError);
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify({ a: mutatedDate }),
+            'a=' + Date.prototype.toISOString.call(mutatedDate).replace(/:/g, '%3A'),
+            'toISOString works even when method is not locally present'
+        );
+
+        var specificDate = new Date(6);
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: specificDate },
+                { serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime() * 7; } }
+            ),
+            'a=42',
+            'custom serializeDate function called'
+        );
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('RFC 1738 spaces serialization', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC1738 }), 'a=b+c');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': 'c d' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC1738 }), 'a+b=c+d');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('RFC 3986 spaces serialization', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC3986 }), 'a=b%20c');
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': 'c d' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC3986 }), 'a%20b=c%20d');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('Backward compatibility to RFC 3986', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('Edge cases and unknown formats', function (st) {
+        ['UFO1234', false, 1234, null, {}, []].forEach(
+            function (format) {
+                st['throws'](
+                    function () {
+                        qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format: format });
+                    },
+                    new TypeError('Unknown format option provided.')
+                );
+            }
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('encodeValuesOnly', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },
+                { encodeValuesOnly: true }
+            ),
+            'a=b&c[0]=d&c[1]=e%3Df&f[0][0]=g&f[1][0]=h'
+        );
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e'], f: [['g'], ['h']] }
+            ),
+            'a=b&c%5B0%5D=d&c%5B1%5D=e&f%5B0%5D%5B0%5D=g&f%5B1%5D%5B0%5D=h'
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('encodeValuesOnly - strictNullHandling', function (st) {
+        st.equal(
+            qs.stringify(
+                { a: { b: null } },
+                { encodeValuesOnly: true, strictNullHandling: true }
+            ),
+            'a[b]'
+        );
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('throws if an invalid charset is specified', function (st) {
+        st['throws'](function () {
+            qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { charset: 'foobar' });
+        }, new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined'));
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('respects a charset of iso-8859-1', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ æ: 'æ' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), '%E6=%E6');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('encodes unrepresentable chars as numeric entities in iso-8859-1 mode', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), 'a=%26%239786%3B');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('respects an explicit charset of utf-8 (the default)', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charset: 'utf-8' }), 'a=%C3%A6');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('adds the right sentinel when instructed to and the charset is utf-8', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'utf-8' }), 'utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%C3%A6');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('adds the right sentinel when instructed to and the charset is iso-8859-1', function (st) {
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%E6');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('does not mutate the options argument', function (st) {
+        var options = {};
+        qs.stringify({}, options);
+        st.deepEqual(options, {});
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('strictNullHandling works with custom filter', function (st) {
+        var filter = function (prefix, value) {
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        var options = { strictNullHandling: true, filter: filter };
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ key: null }, options), 'key');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('strictNullHandling works with null serializeDate', function (st) {
+        var serializeDate = function () {
+            return null;
+        };
+        var options = { strictNullHandling: true, serializeDate: serializeDate };
+        var date = new Date();
+        st.equal(qs.stringify({ key: date }, options), 'key');
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/qs/test/utils.js b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da31ce53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/qs/test/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var test = require('tape');
+var inspect = require('object-inspect');
+var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer;
+var forEach = require('for-each');
+var utils = require('../lib/utils');
+
+test('merge()', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(utils.merge(null, true), [null, true], 'merges true into null');
+
+    t.deepEqual(utils.merge(null, [42]), [null, 42], 'merges null into an array');
+
+    t.deepEqual(utils.merge({ a: 'b' }, { a: 'c' }), { a: ['b', 'c'] }, 'merges two objects with the same key');
+
+    var oneMerged = utils.merge({ foo: 'bar' }, { foo: { first: '123' } });
+    t.deepEqual(oneMerged, { foo: ['bar', { first: '123' }] }, 'merges a standalone and an object into an array');
+
+    var twoMerged = utils.merge({ foo: ['bar', { first: '123' }] }, { foo: { second: '456' } });
+    t.deepEqual(twoMerged, { foo: { 0: 'bar', 1: { first: '123' }, second: '456' } }, 'merges a standalone and two objects into an array');
+
+    var sandwiched = utils.merge({ foo: ['bar', { first: '123', second: '456' }] }, { foo: 'baz' });
+    t.deepEqual(sandwiched, { foo: ['bar', { first: '123', second: '456' }, 'baz'] }, 'merges an object sandwiched by two standalones into an array');
+
+    var nestedArrays = utils.merge({ foo: ['baz'] }, { foo: ['bar', 'xyzzy'] });
+    t.deepEqual(nestedArrays, { foo: ['baz', 'bar', 'xyzzy'] });
+
+    var noOptionsNonObjectSource = utils.merge({ foo: 'baz' }, 'bar');
+    t.deepEqual(noOptionsNonObjectSource, { foo: 'baz', bar: true });
+
+    t.test(
+        'avoids invoking array setters unnecessarily',
+        { skip: typeof Object.defineProperty !== 'function' },
+        function (st) {
+            var setCount = 0;
+            var getCount = 0;
+            var observed = [];
+            Object.defineProperty(observed, 0, {
+                get: function () {
+                    getCount += 1;
+                    return { bar: 'baz' };
+                },
+                set: function () { setCount += 1; }
+            });
+            utils.merge(observed, [null]);
+            st.equal(setCount, 0);
+            st.equal(getCount, 1);
+            observed[0] = observed[0]; // eslint-disable-line no-self-assign
+            st.equal(setCount, 1);
+            st.equal(getCount, 2);
+            st.end();
+        }
+    );
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('assign()', function (t) {
+    var target = { a: 1, b: 2 };
+    var source = { b: 3, c: 4 };
+    var result = utils.assign(target, source);
+
+    t.equal(result, target, 'returns the target');
+    t.deepEqual(target, { a: 1, b: 3, c: 4 }, 'target and source are merged');
+    t.deepEqual(source, { b: 3, c: 4 }, 'source is untouched');
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('combine()', function (t) {
+    t.test('both arrays', function (st) {
+        var a = [1];
+        var b = [2];
+        var combined = utils.combine(a, b);
+
+        st.deepEqual(a, [1], 'a is not mutated');
+        st.deepEqual(b, [2], 'b is not mutated');
+        st.notEqual(a, combined, 'a !== combined');
+        st.notEqual(b, combined, 'b !== combined');
+        st.deepEqual(combined, [1, 2], 'combined is a + b');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('one array, one non-array', function (st) {
+        var aN = 1;
+        var a = [aN];
+        var bN = 2;
+        var b = [bN];
+
+        var combinedAnB = utils.combine(aN, b);
+        st.deepEqual(b, [bN], 'b is not mutated');
+        st.notEqual(aN, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== aN');
+        st.notEqual(a, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== a');
+        st.notEqual(bN, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== bN');
+        st.notEqual(b, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== b');
+        st.deepEqual([1, 2], combinedAnB, 'first argument is array-wrapped when not an array');
+
+        var combinedABn = utils.combine(a, bN);
+        st.deepEqual(a, [aN], 'a is not mutated');
+        st.notEqual(aN, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== aN');
+        st.notEqual(a, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== a');
+        st.notEqual(bN, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== bN');
+        st.notEqual(b, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== b');
+        st.deepEqual([1, 2], combinedABn, 'second argument is array-wrapped when not an array');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('neither is an array', function (st) {
+        var combined = utils.combine(1, 2);
+        st.notEqual(1, combined, '1 + 2 !== 1');
+        st.notEqual(2, combined, '1 + 2 !== 2');
+        st.deepEqual([1, 2], combined, 'both arguments are array-wrapped when not an array');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('isBuffer()', function (t) {
+    forEach([null, undefined, true, false, '', 'abc', 42, 0, NaN, {}, [], function () {}, /a/g], function (x) {
+        t.equal(utils.isBuffer(x), false, inspect(x) + ' is not a buffer');
+    });
+
+    var fakeBuffer = { constructor: Buffer };
+    t.equal(utils.isBuffer(fakeBuffer), false, 'fake buffer is not a buffer');
+
+    var saferBuffer = SaferBuffer.from('abc');
+    t.equal(utils.isBuffer(saferBuffer), true, 'SaferBuffer instance is a buffer');
+
+    var buffer = Buffer.from ? Buffer.from('abc') : new Buffer('abc');
+    t.equal(utils.isBuffer(buffer), true, 'real Buffer instance is a buffer');
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/range-parser/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70a973d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+1.2.1 / 2019-05-10
+==================
+
+  * Improve error when `str` is not a string
+
+1.2.0 / 2016-06-01
+==================
+
+  * Add `combine` option to combine overlapping ranges
+
+1.1.0 / 2016-05-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix incorrectly returning -1 when there is at least one valid range
+  * perf: remove internal function
+
+1.0.3 / 2015-10-29
+==================
+
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-09-08
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Move repository to jshttp
+
+1.0.0 / 2013-12-11
+==================
+
+  * Add repository to package.json
+  * Add MIT license
+
+0.0.4 / 2012-06-17
+==================
+
+  * Change ret -1 for unsatisfiable and -2 when invalid
+
+0.0.3 / 2012-06-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix last-byte-pos default to len - 1
+
+0.0.2 / 2012-06-14
+==================
+
+  * Add `.type`
+
+0.0.1 / 2012-06-11
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/range-parser/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..359995436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/range-parser/README.md b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c247e826e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# range-parser
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Range header field parser.
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install range-parser
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var parseRange = require('range-parser')
+```
+
+### parseRange(size, header, options)
+
+Parse the given `header` string where `size` is the maximum size of the resource.
+An array of ranges will be returned or negative numbers indicating an error parsing.
+
+  * `-2` signals a malformed header string
+  * `-1` signals an unsatisfiable range
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+// parse header from request
+var range = parseRange(size, req.headers.range)
+
+// the type of the range
+if (range.type === 'bytes') {
+  // the ranges
+  range.forEach(function (r) {
+    // do something with r.start and r.end
+  })
+}
+```
+
+#### Options
+
+These properties are accepted in the options object.
+
+##### combine
+
+Specifies if overlapping & adjacent ranges should be combined, defaults to `false`.
+When `true`, ranges will be combined and returned as if they were specified that
+way in the header.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+parseRange(100, 'bytes=50-55,0-10,5-10,56-60', { combine: true })
+// => [
+//      { start: 0,  end: 10 },
+//      { start: 50, end: 60 }
+//    ]
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/range-parser/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/range-parser?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/range-parser
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/range-parser
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/range-parser
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/range-parser
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/jshttp/range-parser/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/range-parser
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/range-parser/index.js b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7dc5c0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*!
+ * range-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2012-2014 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2015-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = rangeParser
+
+/**
+ * Parse "Range" header `str` relative to the given file `size`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} size
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function rangeParser (size, str, options) {
+  if (typeof str !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument str must be a string')
+  }
+
+  var index = str.indexOf('=')
+
+  if (index === -1) {
+    return -2
+  }
+
+  // split the range string
+  var arr = str.slice(index + 1).split(',')
+  var ranges = []
+
+  // add ranges type
+  ranges.type = str.slice(0, index)
+
+  // parse all ranges
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    var range = arr[i].split('-')
+    var start = parseInt(range[0], 10)
+    var end = parseInt(range[1], 10)
+
+    // -nnn
+    if (isNaN(start)) {
+      start = size - end
+      end = size - 1
+    // nnn-
+    } else if (isNaN(end)) {
+      end = size - 1
+    }
+
+    // limit last-byte-pos to current length
+    if (end > size - 1) {
+      end = size - 1
+    }
+
+    // invalid or unsatisifiable
+    if (isNaN(start) || isNaN(end) || start > end || start < 0) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // add range
+    ranges.push({
+      start: start,
+      end: end
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (ranges.length < 1) {
+    // unsatisifiable
+    return -1
+  }
+
+  return options && options.combine
+    ? combineRanges(ranges)
+    : ranges
+}
+
+/**
+ * Combine overlapping & adjacent ranges.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function combineRanges (ranges) {
+  var ordered = ranges.map(mapWithIndex).sort(sortByRangeStart)
+
+  for (var j = 0, i = 1; i < ordered.length; i++) {
+    var range = ordered[i]
+    var current = ordered[j]
+
+    if (range.start > current.end + 1) {
+      // next range
+      ordered[++j] = range
+    } else if (range.end > current.end) {
+      // extend range
+      current.end = range.end
+      current.index = Math.min(current.index, range.index)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // trim ordered array
+  ordered.length = j + 1
+
+  // generate combined range
+  var combined = ordered.sort(sortByRangeIndex).map(mapWithoutIndex)
+
+  // copy ranges type
+  combined.type = ranges.type
+
+  return combined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map function to add index value to ranges.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function mapWithIndex (range, index) {
+  return {
+    start: range.start,
+    end: range.end,
+    index: index
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map function to remove index value from ranges.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function mapWithoutIndex (range) {
+  return {
+    start: range.start,
+    end: range.end
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sort function to sort ranges by index.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function sortByRangeIndex (a, b) {
+  return a.index - b.index
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sort function to sort ranges by start position.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function sortByRangeStart (a, b) {
+  return a.start - b.start
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/range-parser/package.json b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34453f1e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/range-parser/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "_from": "range-parser@~1.2.1",
+  "_id": "range-parser@1.2.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Hrgsx+orqoygnmhFbKaHE6c296J+HTAQXoxEF6gNupROmmGJRoyzfG3ccAveqCBrwr/2yxQ5BVd/GTl5agOwSg==",
+  "_location": "/range-parser",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "range-parser@~1.2.1",
+    "name": "range-parser",
+    "escapedName": "range-parser",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.2.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.2.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/range-parser/-/range-parser-1.2.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "3cf37023d199e1c24d1a55b84800c2f3e6468031",
+  "_spec": "range-parser@~1.2.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca",
+    "url": "http://tjholowaychuk.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/range-parser/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "James Wyatt Cready",
+      "email": "wyatt.cready@lanetix.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Range header field string parser",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "deep-equal": "1.0.1",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "nyc": "14.1.1"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/range-parser#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "range",
+    "parser",
+    "http"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "range-parser",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/range-parser.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-travis": "nyc --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.2.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/raw-body/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88c79fce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+2.4.0 / 2019-04-17
+==================
+
+  * deps: bytes@3.1.0
+    - Add petabyte (`pb`) support
+  * deps: http-errors@1.7.2
+    - Set constructor name when possible
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.5.0 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
+    - Added encoding MIK
+
+2.3.3 / 2018-05-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@1.6.3
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.0
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
+    - Fix loading encoding with year appended
+    - Fix deprecation warnings on Node.js 10+
+
+2.3.2 / 2017-09-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
+    - Fix ISO-8859-1 regression
+    - Update Windows-1255
+
+2.3.1 / 2017-09-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: bytes@3.0.0
+  * deps: http-errors@1.6.2
+    - deps: depd@1.1.1
+  * perf: skip buffer decoding on overage chunk
+
+2.3.0 / 2017-08-04
+==================
+
+  * Add TypeScript definitions
+  * Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+  * deps: bytes@2.5.0
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
+    - Add support for React Native
+    - Add a warning if not loaded as utf-8
+    - Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 8
+    - Improve speed of ISO-8859-1 encoding
+
+2.2.0 / 2017-01-02
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
+    - Added encoding MS-31J
+    - Added encoding MS-932
+    - Added encoding MS-936
+    - Added encoding MS-949
+    - Added encoding MS-950
+    - Fix GBK/GB18030 handling of Euro character
+
+2.1.7 / 2016-06-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.4.0
+  * perf: remove double-cleanup on happy path
+
+2.1.6 / 2016-03-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.3.0
+    - Drop partial bytes on all parsed units
+    - Fix parsing byte string that looks like hex
+
+2.1.5 / 2015-11-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.2.0
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
+
+2.1.4 / 2015-09-27
+==================
+
+  * Fix masking critical errors from `iconv-lite`
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
+    - Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 4.x
+
+2.1.3 / 2015-09-12
+==================
+
+  * Fix sync callback when attaching data listener causes sync read
+    - Node.js 0.10 compatibility issue
+
+2.1.2 / 2015-07-05
+==================
+
+  * Fix error stack traces to skip `makeError`
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
+    - Add encoding CESU-8
+
+2.1.1 / 2015-06-14
+==================
+
+  * Use `unpipe` module for unpiping requests
+
+2.1.0 / 2015-05-28
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
+    - Improved UTF-16 endianness detection
+    - Leading BOM is now removed when decoding
+    - The encoding UTF-16 without BOM now defaults to UTF-16LE when detection fails
+
+2.0.2 / 2015-05-21
+==================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.1.0
+    - Slight optimizations
+
+2.0.1 / 2015-05-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix a false-positive when unpiping in Node.js 0.8
+
+2.0.0 / 2015-05-08
+==================
+
+  * Return a promise without callback instead of thunk
+  * deps: bytes@2.0.1
+    - units no longer case sensitive when parsing
+
+1.3.4 / 2015-04-15
+==================
+
+  * Fix hanging callback if request aborts during read
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
+    - Add encoding alias UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7
+
+1.3.3 / 2015-02-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
+    - Gracefully support enumerables on `Object.prototype`
+
+1.3.2 / 2015-01-20
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
+    - Fix rare aliases of single-byte encodings
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-11-21
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
+    - Fix Windows-31J and X-SJIS encoding support
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-07-20
+==================
+
+  * Fully unpipe the stream on error
+    - Fixes `Cannot switch to old mode now` error on Node.js 0.10+
+
+1.2.3 / 2014-07-20
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
+    - Added encoding UTF-7
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * Send invalid encoding error to callback
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-06-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.3
+    - Added encodings UTF-16BE and UTF-16 with BOM
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-06-13
+==================
+
+  * Passing string as `options` interpreted as encoding
+  * Support all encodings from `iconv-lite`
+
+1.1.7 / 2014-06-12
+==================
+
+  * use `string_decoder` module from npm
+
+1.1.6 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+  * check encoding for old streams1
+  * support node.js < 0.10.6
+
+1.1.5 / 2014-05-14
+==================
+
+  * bump bytes
+
+1.1.4 / 2014-04-19
+==================
+
+  * allow true as an option
+  * bump bytes
+
+1.1.3 / 2014-03-02
+==================
+
+  * fix case when length=null
+
+1.1.2 / 2013-12-01
+==================
+
+  * be less strict on state.encoding check
+
+1.1.1 / 2013-11-27
+==================
+
+  * add engines
+
+1.1.0 / 2013-11-27
+==================
+
+  * add err.statusCode and err.type
+  * allow for encoding option to be true
+  * pause the stream instead of dumping on error
+  * throw if the stream's encoding is set
+
+1.0.1 / 2013-11-19
+==================
+
+  * dont support streams1, throw if dev set encoding
+
+1.0.0 / 2013-11-17
+==================
+
+  * rename `expected` option to `length`
+
+0.2.0 / 2013-11-15
+==================
+
+  * republish
+
+0.1.1 / 2013-11-15
+==================
+
+  * use bytes
+
+0.1.0 / 2013-11-11
+==================
+
+  * generator support
+
+0.0.3 / 2013-10-10
+==================
+
+  * update repo
+
+0.0.2 / 2013-09-14
+==================
+
+  * dump stream on bad headers
+  * listen to events after defining received and buffers
+
+0.0.1 / 2013-09-14
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/raw-body/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d695c8fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/raw-body/README.md b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ce79d27d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+# raw-body
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Gets the entire buffer of a stream either as a `Buffer` or a string.
+Validates the stream's length against an expected length and maximum limit.
+Ideal for parsing request bodies.
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install raw-body
+```
+
+### TypeScript
+
+This module includes a [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/)
+declaration file to enable auto complete in compatible editors and type
+information for TypeScript projects. This module depends on the Node.js
+types, so install `@types/node`:
+
+```sh
+$ npm install @types/node
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var getRawBody = require('raw-body')
+```
+
+### getRawBody(stream, [options], [callback])
+
+**Returns a promise if no callback specified and global `Promise` exists.**
+
+Options:
+
+- `length` - The length of the stream.
+  If the contents of the stream do not add up to this length,
+  an `400` error code is returned.
+- `limit` - The byte limit of the body.
+  This is the number of bytes or any string format supported by
+  [bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes),
+  for example `1000`, `'500kb'` or `'3mb'`.
+  If the body ends up being larger than this limit,
+  a `413` error code is returned.
+- `encoding` - The encoding to use to decode the body into a string.
+  By default, a `Buffer` instance will be returned when no encoding is specified.
+  Most likely, you want `utf-8`, so setting `encoding` to `true` will decode as `utf-8`.
+  You can use any type of encoding supported by [iconv-lite](https://www.npmjs.org/package/iconv-lite#readme).
+
+You can also pass a string in place of options to just specify the encoding.
+
+If an error occurs, the stream will be paused, everything unpiped,
+and you are responsible for correctly disposing the stream.
+For HTTP requests, no handling is required if you send a response.
+For streams that use file descriptors, you should `stream.destroy()` or `stream.close()` to prevent leaks.
+
+## Errors
+
+This module creates errors depending on the error condition during reading.
+The error may be an error from the underlying Node.js implementation, but is
+otherwise an error created by this module, which has the following attributes:
+
+  * `limit` - the limit in bytes
+  * `length` and `expected` - the expected length of the stream
+  * `received` - the received bytes
+  * `encoding` - the invalid encoding
+  * `status` and `statusCode` - the corresponding status code for the error
+  * `type` - the error type
+
+### Types
+
+The errors from this module have a `type` property which allows for the progamatic
+determination of the type of error returned.
+
+#### encoding.unsupported
+
+This error will occur when the `encoding` option is specified, but the value does
+not map to an encoding supported by the [iconv-lite](https://www.npmjs.org/package/iconv-lite#readme)
+module.
+
+#### entity.too.large
+
+This error will occur when the `limit` option is specified, but the stream has
+an entity that is larger.
+
+#### request.aborted
+
+This error will occur when the request stream is aborted by the client before
+reading the body has finished.
+
+#### request.size.invalid
+
+This error will occur when the `length` option is specified, but the stream has
+emitted more bytes.
+
+#### stream.encoding.set
+
+This error will occur when the given stream has an encoding set on it, making it
+a decoded stream. The stream should not have an encoding set and is expected to
+emit `Buffer` objects.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Simple Express example
+
+```js
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var express = require('express')
+var getRawBody = require('raw-body')
+
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(function (req, res, next) {
+  getRawBody(req, {
+    length: req.headers['content-length'],
+    limit: '1mb',
+    encoding: contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset
+  }, function (err, string) {
+    if (err) return next(err)
+    req.text = string
+    next()
+  })
+})
+
+// now access req.text
+```
+
+### Simple Koa example
+
+```js
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var getRawBody = require('raw-body')
+var koa = require('koa')
+
+var app = koa()
+
+app.use(function * (next) {
+  this.text = yield getRawBody(this.req, {
+    length: this.req.headers['content-length'],
+    limit: '1mb',
+    encoding: contentType.parse(this.req).parameters.charset
+  })
+  yield next
+})
+
+// now access this.text
+```
+
+### Using as a promise
+
+To use this library as a promise, simply omit the `callback` and a promise is
+returned, provided that a global `Promise` is defined.
+
+```js
+var getRawBody = require('raw-body')
+var http = require('http')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  getRawBody(req)
+    .then(function (buf) {
+      res.statusCode = 200
+      res.end(buf.length + ' bytes submitted')
+    })
+    .catch(function (err) {
+      res.statusCode = 500
+      res.end(err.message)
+    })
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### Using with TypeScript
+
+```ts
+import * as getRawBody from 'raw-body';
+import * as http from 'http';
+
+const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
+  getRawBody(req)
+  .then((buf) => {
+    res.statusCode = 200;
+    res.end(buf.length + ' bytes submitted');
+  })
+  .catch((err) => {
+    res.statusCode = err.statusCode;
+    res.end(err.message);
+  });
+});
+
+server.listen(3000);
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/raw-body.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/raw-body
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/raw-body.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/stream-utils/raw-body/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/stream-utils/raw-body
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/stream-utils/raw-body/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/stream-utils/raw-body?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/raw-body.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/raw-body
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/raw-body/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcbbebd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { Readable } from 'stream';
+
+declare namespace getRawBody {
+  export type Encoding = string | true;
+
+  export interface Options {
+    /**
+     * The expected length of the stream.
+     */
+    length?: number | string | null;
+    /**
+     * The byte limit of the body. This is the number of bytes or any string
+     * format supported by `bytes`, for example `1000`, `'500kb'` or `'3mb'`.
+     */
+    limit?: number | string | null;
+    /**
+     * The encoding to use to decode the body into a string. By default, a
+     * `Buffer` instance will be returned when no encoding is specified. Most
+     * likely, you want `utf-8`, so setting encoding to `true` will decode as
+     * `utf-8`. You can use any type of encoding supported by `iconv-lite`.
+     */
+    encoding?: Encoding | null;
+  }
+
+  export interface RawBodyError extends Error {
+    /**
+     * The limit in bytes.
+     */
+    limit?: number;
+    /**
+     * The expected length of the stream.
+     */
+    length?: number;
+    expected?: number;
+    /**
+     * The received bytes.
+     */
+    received?: number;
+    /**
+     * The encoding.
+     */
+    encoding?: string;
+    /**
+     * The corresponding status code for the error.
+     */
+    status: number;
+    statusCode: number;
+    /**
+     * The error type.
+     */
+    type: string;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the entire buffer of a stream either as a `Buffer` or a string.
+ * Validates the stream's length against an expected length and maximum
+ * limit. Ideal for parsing request bodies.
+ */
+declare function getRawBody(
+  stream: Readable,
+  callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: Buffer) => void
+): void;
+
+declare function getRawBody(
+  stream: Readable,
+  options: (getRawBody.Options & { encoding: getRawBody.Encoding }) | getRawBody.Encoding,
+  callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: string) => void
+): void;
+
+declare function getRawBody(
+  stream: Readable,
+  options: getRawBody.Options,
+  callback: (err: getRawBody.RawBodyError, body: Buffer) => void
+): void;
+
+declare function getRawBody(
+  stream: Readable,
+  options: (getRawBody.Options & { encoding: getRawBody.Encoding }) | getRawBody.Encoding
+): Promise<string>;
+
+declare function getRawBody(
+  stream: Readable,
+  options?: getRawBody.Options
+): Promise<Buffer>;
+
+export = getRawBody;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/raw-body/index.js b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fe818604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*!
+ * raw-body
+ * Copyright(c) 2013-2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var iconv = require('iconv-lite')
+var unpipe = require('unpipe')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = getRawBody
+
+/**
+ * Module variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var ICONV_ENCODING_MESSAGE_REGEXP = /^Encoding not recognized: /
+
+/**
+ * Get the decoder for a given encoding.
+ *
+ * @param {string} encoding
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getDecoder (encoding) {
+  if (!encoding) return null
+
+  try {
+    return iconv.getDecoder(encoding)
+  } catch (e) {
+    // error getting decoder
+    if (!ICONV_ENCODING_MESSAGE_REGEXP.test(e.message)) throw e
+
+    // the encoding was not found
+    throw createError(415, 'specified encoding unsupported', {
+      encoding: encoding,
+      type: 'encoding.unsupported'
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the raw body of a stream (typically HTTP).
+ *
+ * @param {object} stream
+ * @param {object|string|function} [options]
+ * @param {function} [callback]
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function getRawBody (stream, options, callback) {
+  var done = callback
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  if (options === true || typeof options === 'string') {
+    // short cut for encoding
+    opts = {
+      encoding: options
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    done = options
+    opts = {}
+  }
+
+  // validate callback is a function, if provided
+  if (done !== undefined && typeof done !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('argument callback must be a function')
+  }
+
+  // require the callback without promises
+  if (!done && !global.Promise) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument callback is required')
+  }
+
+  // get encoding
+  var encoding = opts.encoding !== true
+    ? opts.encoding
+    : 'utf-8'
+
+  // convert the limit to an integer
+  var limit = bytes.parse(opts.limit)
+
+  // convert the expected length to an integer
+  var length = opts.length != null && !isNaN(opts.length)
+    ? parseInt(opts.length, 10)
+    : null
+
+  if (done) {
+    // classic callback style
+    return readStream(stream, encoding, length, limit, done)
+  }
+
+  return new Promise(function executor (resolve, reject) {
+    readStream(stream, encoding, length, limit, function onRead (err, buf) {
+      if (err) return reject(err)
+      resolve(buf)
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Halt a stream.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} stream
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function halt (stream) {
+  // unpipe everything from the stream
+  unpipe(stream)
+
+  // pause stream
+  if (typeof stream.pause === 'function') {
+    stream.pause()
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the data from the stream.
+ *
+ * @param {object} stream
+ * @param {string} encoding
+ * @param {number} length
+ * @param {number} limit
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function readStream (stream, encoding, length, limit, callback) {
+  var complete = false
+  var sync = true
+
+  // check the length and limit options.
+  // note: we intentionally leave the stream paused,
+  // so users should handle the stream themselves.
+  if (limit !== null && length !== null && length > limit) {
+    return done(createError(413, 'request entity too large', {
+      expected: length,
+      length: length,
+      limit: limit,
+      type: 'entity.too.large'
+    }))
+  }
+
+  // streams1: assert request encoding is buffer.
+  // streams2+: assert the stream encoding is buffer.
+  //   stream._decoder: streams1
+  //   state.encoding: streams2
+  //   state.decoder: streams2, specifically < 0.10.6
+  var state = stream._readableState
+  if (stream._decoder || (state && (state.encoding || state.decoder))) {
+    // developer error
+    return done(createError(500, 'stream encoding should not be set', {
+      type: 'stream.encoding.set'
+    }))
+  }
+
+  var received = 0
+  var decoder
+
+  try {
+    decoder = getDecoder(encoding)
+  } catch (err) {
+    return done(err)
+  }
+
+  var buffer = decoder
+    ? ''
+    : []
+
+  // attach listeners
+  stream.on('aborted', onAborted)
+  stream.on('close', cleanup)
+  stream.on('data', onData)
+  stream.on('end', onEnd)
+  stream.on('error', onEnd)
+
+  // mark sync section complete
+  sync = false
+
+  function done () {
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length)
+
+    // copy arguments
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+
+    // mark complete
+    complete = true
+
+    if (sync) {
+      process.nextTick(invokeCallback)
+    } else {
+      invokeCallback()
+    }
+
+    function invokeCallback () {
+      cleanup()
+
+      if (args[0]) {
+        // halt the stream on error
+        halt(stream)
+      }
+
+      callback.apply(null, args)
+    }
+  }
+
+  function onAborted () {
+    if (complete) return
+
+    done(createError(400, 'request aborted', {
+      code: 'ECONNABORTED',
+      expected: length,
+      length: length,
+      received: received,
+      type: 'request.aborted'
+    }))
+  }
+
+  function onData (chunk) {
+    if (complete) return
+
+    received += chunk.length
+
+    if (limit !== null && received > limit) {
+      done(createError(413, 'request entity too large', {
+        limit: limit,
+        received: received,
+        type: 'entity.too.large'
+      }))
+    } else if (decoder) {
+      buffer += decoder.write(chunk)
+    } else {
+      buffer.push(chunk)
+    }
+  }
+
+  function onEnd (err) {
+    if (complete) return
+    if (err) return done(err)
+
+    if (length !== null && received !== length) {
+      done(createError(400, 'request size did not match content length', {
+        expected: length,
+        length: length,
+        received: received,
+        type: 'request.size.invalid'
+      }))
+    } else {
+      var string = decoder
+        ? buffer + (decoder.end() || '')
+        : Buffer.concat(buffer)
+      done(null, string)
+    }
+  }
+
+  function cleanup () {
+    buffer = null
+
+    stream.removeListener('aborted', onAborted)
+    stream.removeListener('data', onData)
+    stream.removeListener('end', onEnd)
+    stream.removeListener('error', onEnd)
+    stream.removeListener('close', cleanup)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/raw-body/package.json b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4232cb5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/raw-body/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "_from": "raw-body@2.4.0",
+  "_id": "raw-body@2.4.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-4Oz8DUIwdvoa5qMJelxipzi/iJIi40O5cGV1wNYp5hvZP8ZN0T+jiNkL0QepXs+EsQ9XJ8ipEDoiH70ySUJP3Q==",
+  "_location": "/raw-body",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "raw-body@2.4.0",
+    "name": "raw-body",
+    "escapedName": "raw-body",
+    "rawSpec": "2.4.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.4.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/raw-body/-/raw-body-2.4.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "a1ce6fb9c9bc356ca52e89256ab59059e13d0332",
+  "_spec": "raw-body@2.4.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\body-parser",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+    "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+    "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/stream-utils/raw-body/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Raynos",
+      "email": "raynos2@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "bytes": "3.1.0",
+    "http-errors": "1.7.2",
+    "iconv-lite": "0.4.24",
+    "unpipe": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Get and validate the raw body of a readable stream.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "bluebird": "3.5.4",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.16.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "6.1.3",
+    "readable-stream": "2.3.6",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.d.ts",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/stream-utils/raw-body#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "raw-body",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/stream-utils/raw-body.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --trace-deprecation --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --trace-deprecation --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --trace-deprecation --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "2.4.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f62cdac06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+sudo: false
+language: node_js
+before_install:
+  - (test $NPM_LEGACY && npm install -g npm@2 && npm install -g npm@3) || true
+notifications:
+  email: false
+matrix:
+  fast_finish: true
+  include:
+  - node_js: '0.8'
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: '0.10'
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: '0.11'
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: '0.12'
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 1
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 2
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 3
+    env: NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 4
+  - node_js: 5
+  - node_js: 6
+  - node_js: 7
+  - node_js: 8
+  - node_js: 9
+script: "npm run test"
+env:
+  global:
+  - secure: rE2Vvo7vnjabYNULNyLFxOyt98BoJexDqsiOnfiD6kLYYsiQGfr/sbZkPMOFm9qfQG7pjqx+zZWZjGSswhTt+626C0t/njXqug7Yps4c3dFblzGfreQHp7wNX5TFsvrxd6dAowVasMp61sJcRnB2w8cUzoe3RAYUDHyiHktwqMc=
+  - secure: g9YINaKAdMatsJ28G9jCGbSaguXCyxSTy+pBO6Ch0Cf57ZLOTka3HqDj8p3nV28LUIHZ3ut5WO43CeYKwt4AUtLpBS3a0dndHdY6D83uY6b2qh5hXlrcbeQTq2cvw2y95F7hm4D1kwrgZ7ViqaKggRcEupAL69YbJnxeUDKWEdI=
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/CONTRIBUTING.md b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f478d58dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+
+By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+* (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+  have the right to submit it under the open source license
+  indicated in the file; or
+
+* (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+  of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+  license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+  work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+  by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+  permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+  in the file; or
+
+* (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+  person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
+  it.
+
+* (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+  are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+  personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+  maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+  this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+
+## Moderation Policy
+
+The [Node.js Moderation Policy] applies to this WG.
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+The [Node.js Code of Conduct][] applies to this WG.
+
+[Node.js Code of Conduct]:
+https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+[Node.js Moderation Policy]:
+https://github.com/nodejs/TSC/blob/master/Moderation-Policy.md
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/GOVERNANCE.md b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/GOVERNANCE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16ffb93f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/GOVERNANCE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+### Streams Working Group
+
+The Node.js Streams is jointly governed by a Working Group
+(WG)
+that is responsible for high-level guidance of the project.
+
+The WG has final authority over this project including:
+
+* Technical direction
+* Project governance and process (including this policy)
+* Contribution policy
+* GitHub repository hosting
+* Conduct guidelines
+* Maintaining the list of additional Collaborators
+
+For the current list of WG members, see the project
+[README.md](./README.md#current-project-team-members).
+
+### Collaborators
+
+The readable-stream GitHub repository is
+maintained by the WG and additional Collaborators who are added by the
+WG on an ongoing basis.
+
+Individuals making significant and valuable contributions are made
+Collaborators and given commit-access to the project. These
+individuals are identified by the WG and their addition as
+Collaborators is discussed during the WG meeting.
+
+_Note:_ If you make a significant contribution and are not considered
+for commit-access log an issue or contact a WG member directly and it
+will be brought up in the next WG meeting.
+
+Modifications of the contents of the readable-stream repository are
+made on
+a collaborative basis. Anybody with a GitHub account may propose a
+modification via pull request and it will be considered by the project
+Collaborators. All pull requests must be reviewed and accepted by a
+Collaborator with sufficient expertise who is able to take full
+responsibility for the change. In the case of pull requests proposed
+by an existing Collaborator, an additional Collaborator is required
+for sign-off. Consensus should be sought if additional Collaborators
+participate and there is disagreement around a particular
+modification. See _Consensus Seeking Process_ below for further detail
+on the consensus model used for governance.
+
+Collaborators may opt to elevate significant or controversial
+modifications, or modifications that have not found consensus to the
+WG for discussion by assigning the ***WG-agenda*** tag to a pull
+request or issue. The WG should serve as the final arbiter where
+required.
+
+For the current list of Collaborators, see the project
+[README.md](./README.md#members).
+
+### WG Membership
+
+WG seats are not time-limited.  There is no fixed size of the WG.
+However, the expected target is between 6 and 12, to ensure adequate
+coverage of important areas of expertise, balanced with the ability to
+make decisions efficiently.
+
+There is no specific set of requirements or qualifications for WG
+membership beyond these rules.
+
+The WG may add additional members to the WG by unanimous consensus.
+
+A WG member may be removed from the WG by voluntary resignation, or by
+unanimous consensus of all other WG members.
+
+Changes to WG membership should be posted in the agenda, and may be
+suggested as any other agenda item (see "WG Meetings" below).
+
+If an addition or removal is proposed during a meeting, and the full
+WG is not in attendance to participate, then the addition or removal
+is added to the agenda for the subsequent meeting.  This is to ensure
+that all members are given the opportunity to participate in all
+membership decisions.  If a WG member is unable to attend a meeting
+where a planned membership decision is being made, then their consent
+is assumed.
+
+No more than 1/3 of the WG members may be affiliated with the same
+employer.  If removal or resignation of a WG member, or a change of
+employment by a WG member, creates a situation where more than 1/3 of
+the WG membership shares an employer, then the situation must be
+immediately remedied by the resignation or removal of one or more WG
+members affiliated with the over-represented employer(s).
+
+### WG Meetings
+
+The WG meets occasionally on a Google Hangout On Air. A designated moderator
+approved by the WG runs the meeting. Each meeting should be
+published to YouTube.
+
+Items are added to the WG agenda that are considered contentious or
+are modifications of governance, contribution policy, WG membership,
+or release process.
+
+The intention of the agenda is not to approve or review all patches;
+that should happen continuously on GitHub and be handled by the larger
+group of Collaborators.
+
+Any community member or contributor can ask that something be added to
+the next meeting's agenda by logging a GitHub Issue. Any Collaborator,
+WG member or the moderator can add the item to the agenda by adding
+the ***WG-agenda*** tag to the issue.
+
+Prior to each WG meeting the moderator will share the Agenda with
+members of the WG. WG members can add any items they like to the
+agenda at the beginning of each meeting. The moderator and the WG
+cannot veto or remove items.
+
+The WG may invite persons or representatives from certain projects to
+participate in a non-voting capacity.
+
+The moderator is responsible for summarizing the discussion of each
+agenda item and sends it as a pull request after the meeting.
+
+### Consensus Seeking Process
+
+The WG follows a
+[Consensus
+Seeking](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus-seeking_decision-making)
+decision-making model.
+
+When an agenda item has appeared to reach a consensus the moderator
+will ask "Does anyone object?" as a final call for dissent from the
+consensus.
+
+If an agenda item cannot reach a consensus a WG member can call for
+either a closing vote or a vote to table the issue to the next
+meeting. The call for a vote must be seconded by a majority of the WG
+or else the discussion will continue. Simple majority wins.
+
+Note that changes to WG membership require a majority consensus.  See
+"WG Membership" above.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2873b3b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Node.js is licensed for use as follows:
+
+"""
+Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+This license applies to parts of Node.js originating from the
+https://github.com/joyent/node repository:
+
+"""
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23fe3f3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# readable-stream
+
+***Node-core v8.11.1 streams for userland*** [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/nodejs/readable-stream.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/nodejs/readable-stream)
+
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream/)
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/readable-stream.png?&months=6&height=3)](https://nodei.co/npm/readable-stream/)
+
+
+[![Sauce Test Status](https://saucelabs.com/browser-matrix/readable-stream.svg)](https://saucelabs.com/u/readable-stream)
+
+```bash
+npm install --save readable-stream
+```
+
+***Node-core streams for userland***
+
+This package is a mirror of the Streams2 and Streams3 implementations in
+Node-core.
+
+Full documentation may be found on the [Node.js website](https://nodejs.org/dist/v8.11.1/docs/api/stream.html).
+
+If you want to guarantee a stable streams base, regardless of what version of
+Node you, or the users of your libraries are using, use **readable-stream** *only* and avoid the *"stream"* module in Node-core, for background see [this blogpost](http://r.va.gg/2014/06/why-i-dont-use-nodes-core-stream-module.html).
+
+As of version 2.0.0 **readable-stream** uses semantic versioning.
+
+# Streams Working Group
+
+`readable-stream` is maintained by the Streams Working Group, which
+oversees the development and maintenance of the Streams API within
+Node.js. The responsibilities of the Streams Working Group include:
+
+* Addressing stream issues on the Node.js issue tracker.
+* Authoring and editing stream documentation within the Node.js project.
+* Reviewing changes to stream subclasses within the Node.js project.
+* Redirecting changes to streams from the Node.js project to this
+  project.
+* Assisting in the implementation of stream providers within Node.js.
+* Recommending versions of `readable-stream` to be included in Node.js.
+* Messaging about the future of streams to give the community advance
+  notice of changes.
+
+<a name="members"></a>
+## Team Members
+
+* **Chris Dickinson** ([@chrisdickinson](https://github.com/chrisdickinson)) &lt;christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com&gt;
+  - Release GPG key: 9554F04D7259F04124DE6B476D5A82AC7E37093B
+* **Calvin Metcalf** ([@calvinmetcalf](https://github.com/calvinmetcalf)) &lt;calvin.metcalf@gmail.com&gt;
+  - Release GPG key: F3EF5F62A87FC27A22E643F714CE4FF5015AA242
+* **Rod Vagg** ([@rvagg](https://github.com/rvagg)) &lt;rod@vagg.org&gt;
+  - Release GPG key: DD8F2338BAE7501E3DD5AC78C273792F7D83545D
+* **Sam Newman** ([@sonewman](https://github.com/sonewman)) &lt;newmansam@outlook.com&gt;
+* **Mathias Buus** ([@mafintosh](https://github.com/mafintosh)) &lt;mathiasbuus@gmail.com&gt;
+* **Domenic Denicola** ([@domenic](https://github.com/domenic)) &lt;d@domenic.me&gt;
+* **Matteo Collina** ([@mcollina](https://github.com/mcollina)) &lt;matteo.collina@gmail.com&gt;
+  - Release GPG key: 3ABC01543F22DD2239285CDD818674489FBC127E
+* **Irina Shestak** ([@lrlna](https://github.com/lrlna)) &lt;shestak.irina@gmail.com&gt;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/doc/wg-meetings/2015-01-30.md b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/doc/wg-meetings/2015-01-30.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83275f192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/doc/wg-meetings/2015-01-30.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# streams WG Meeting 2015-01-30
+
+## Links
+
+* **Google Hangouts Video**: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9nDOSGfwZg
+* **GitHub Issue**: https://github.com/iojs/readable-stream/issues/106
+* **Original Minutes Google Doc**: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17aTgLnjMXIrfjgNaTUnHQO7m3xgzHR2VXBTmi03Qii4/
+
+## Agenda
+
+Extracted from https://github.com/iojs/readable-stream/labels/wg-agenda prior to meeting.
+
+* adopt a charter [#105](https://github.com/iojs/readable-stream/issues/105)
+* release and versioning strategy [#101](https://github.com/iojs/readable-stream/issues/101)
+* simpler stream creation [#102](https://github.com/iojs/readable-stream/issues/102)
+* proposal: deprecate implicit flowing of streams [#99](https://github.com/iojs/readable-stream/issues/99)
+
+## Minutes
+
+### adopt a charter
+
+* group: +1's all around
+
+### What versioning scheme should be adopted?
+* group: +1’s 3.0.0
+* domenic+group: pulling in patches from other sources where appropriate
+* mikeal: version independently, suggesting versions for io.js
+* mikeal+domenic: work with TC to notify in advance of changes
+simpler stream creation
+
+### streamline creation of streams
+* sam: streamline creation of streams
+* domenic: nice simple solution posted
+  but, we lose the opportunity to change the model
+  may not be backwards incompatible (double check keys)
+
+  **action item:** domenic will check
+
+### remove implicit flowing of streams on(‘data’)
+* add isFlowing / isPaused
+* mikeal: worrying that we’re documenting polyfill methods – confuses users
+* domenic: more reflective API is probably good, with warning labels for users
+* new section for mad scientists (reflective stream access)
+* calvin: name the “third state”
+* mikeal: maybe borrow the name from whatwg?
+* domenic: we’re missing the “third state”
+* consensus: kind of difficult to name the third state
+* mikeal: figure out differences in states / compat
+* mathias: always flow on data – eliminates third state
+  * explore what it breaks
+
+**action items:**
+* ask isaac for ability to list packages by what public io.js APIs they use (esp. Stream)
+* ask rod/build for infrastructure
+* **chris**: explore the “flow on data” approach
+* add isPaused/isFlowing
+* add new docs section
+* move isPaused to that section
+
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex-browser.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex-browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8b2db83d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex-browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_duplex.js');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46924cbfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/duplex.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./readable').Duplex
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57003c32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a duplex stream is just a stream that is both readable and writable.
+// Since JS doesn't have multiple prototypal inheritance, this class
+// prototypally inherits from Readable, and then parasitically from
+// Writable.
+
+'use strict';
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var pna = require('process-nextick-args');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var objectKeys = Object.keys || function (obj) {
+  var keys = [];
+  for (var key in obj) {
+    keys.push(key);
+  }return keys;
+};
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+module.exports = Duplex;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = Object.create(require('core-util-is'));
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var Readable = require('./_stream_readable');
+var Writable = require('./_stream_writable');
+
+util.inherits(Duplex, Readable);
+
+{
+  // avoid scope creep, the keys array can then be collected
+  var keys = objectKeys(Writable.prototype);
+  for (var v = 0; v < keys.length; v++) {
+    var method = keys[v];
+    if (!Duplex.prototype[method]) Duplex.prototype[method] = Writable.prototype[method];
+  }
+}
+
+function Duplex(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Duplex)) return new Duplex(options);
+
+  Readable.call(this, options);
+  Writable.call(this, options);
+
+  if (options && options.readable === false) this.readable = false;
+
+  if (options && options.writable === false) this.writable = false;
+
+  this.allowHalfOpen = true;
+  if (options && options.allowHalfOpen === false) this.allowHalfOpen = false;
+
+  this.once('end', onend);
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Duplex.prototype, 'writableHighWaterMark', {
+  // making it explicit this property is not enumerable
+  // because otherwise some prototype manipulation in
+  // userland will fail
+  enumerable: false,
+  get: function () {
+    return this._writableState.highWaterMark;
+  }
+});
+
+// the no-half-open enforcer
+function onend() {
+  // if we allow half-open state, or if the writable side ended,
+  // then we're ok.
+  if (this.allowHalfOpen || this._writableState.ended) return;
+
+  // no more data can be written.
+  // But allow more writes to happen in this tick.
+  pna.nextTick(onEndNT, this);
+}
+
+function onEndNT(self) {
+  self.end();
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Duplex.prototype, 'destroyed', {
+  get: function () {
+    if (this._readableState === undefined || this._writableState === undefined) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this._readableState.destroyed && this._writableState.destroyed;
+  },
+  set: function (value) {
+    // we ignore the value if the stream
+    // has not been initialized yet
+    if (this._readableState === undefined || this._writableState === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // backward compatibility, the user is explicitly
+    // managing destroyed
+    this._readableState.destroyed = value;
+    this._writableState.destroyed = value;
+  }
+});
+
+Duplex.prototype._destroy = function (err, cb) {
+  this.push(null);
+  this.end();
+
+  pna.nextTick(cb, err);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..612edb4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_passthrough.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a passthrough stream.
+// basically just the most minimal sort of Transform stream.
+// Every written chunk gets output as-is.
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = PassThrough;
+
+var Transform = require('./_stream_transform');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = Object.create(require('core-util-is'));
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+util.inherits(PassThrough, Transform);
+
+function PassThrough(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof PassThrough)) return new PassThrough(options);
+
+  Transform.call(this, options);
+}
+
+PassThrough.prototype._transform = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  cb(null, chunk);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f807646b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_readable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1019 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+'use strict';
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var pna = require('process-nextick-args');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+module.exports = Readable;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var isArray = require('isarray');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Duplex;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+Readable.ReadableState = ReadableState;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
+
+var EElistenerCount = function (emitter, type) {
+  return emitter.listeners(type).length;
+};
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Stream = require('./internal/streams/stream');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var OurUint8Array = global.Uint8Array || function () {};
+function _uint8ArrayToBuffer(chunk) {
+  return Buffer.from(chunk);
+}
+function _isUint8Array(obj) {
+  return Buffer.isBuffer(obj) || obj instanceof OurUint8Array;
+}
+
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = Object.create(require('core-util-is'));
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var debugUtil = require('util');
+var debug = void 0;
+if (debugUtil && debugUtil.debuglog) {
+  debug = debugUtil.debuglog('stream');
+} else {
+  debug = function () {};
+}
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var BufferList = require('./internal/streams/BufferList');
+var destroyImpl = require('./internal/streams/destroy');
+var StringDecoder;
+
+util.inherits(Readable, Stream);
+
+var kProxyEvents = ['error', 'close', 'destroy', 'pause', 'resume'];
+
+function prependListener(emitter, event, fn) {
+  // Sadly this is not cacheable as some libraries bundle their own
+  // event emitter implementation with them.
+  if (typeof emitter.prependListener === 'function') return emitter.prependListener(event, fn);
+
+  // This is a hack to make sure that our error handler is attached before any
+  // userland ones.  NEVER DO THIS. This is here only because this code needs
+  // to continue to work with older versions of Node.js that do not include
+  // the prependListener() method. The goal is to eventually remove this hack.
+  if (!emitter._events || !emitter._events[event]) emitter.on(event, fn);else if (isArray(emitter._events[event])) emitter._events[event].unshift(fn);else emitter._events[event] = [fn, emitter._events[event]];
+}
+
+function ReadableState(options, stream) {
+  Duplex = Duplex || require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Duplex streams are both readable and writable, but share
+  // the same options object.
+  // However, some cases require setting options to different
+  // values for the readable and the writable sides of the duplex stream.
+  // These options can be provided separately as readableXXX and writableXXX.
+  var isDuplex = stream instanceof Duplex;
+
+  // object stream flag. Used to make read(n) ignore n and to
+  // make all the buffer merging and length checks go away
+  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;
+
+  if (isDuplex) this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.readableObjectMode;
+
+  // the point at which it stops calling _read() to fill the buffer
+  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means "don't call _read preemptively ever"
+  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
+  var readableHwm = options.readableHighWaterMark;
+  var defaultHwm = this.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
+
+  if (hwm || hwm === 0) this.highWaterMark = hwm;else if (isDuplex && (readableHwm || readableHwm === 0)) this.highWaterMark = readableHwm;else this.highWaterMark = defaultHwm;
+
+  // cast to ints.
+  this.highWaterMark = Math.floor(this.highWaterMark);
+
+  // A linked list is used to store data chunks instead of an array because the
+  // linked list can remove elements from the beginning faster than
+  // array.shift()
+  this.buffer = new BufferList();
+  this.length = 0;
+  this.pipes = null;
+  this.pipesCount = 0;
+  this.flowing = null;
+  this.ended = false;
+  this.endEmitted = false;
+  this.reading = false;
+
+  // a flag to be able to tell if the event 'readable'/'data' is emitted
+  // immediately, or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because
+  // any actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
+  // not happen before the first read call.
+  this.sync = true;
+
+  // whenever we return null, then we set a flag to say
+  // that we're awaiting a 'readable' event emission.
+  this.needReadable = false;
+  this.emittedReadable = false;
+  this.readableListening = false;
+  this.resumeScheduled = false;
+
+  // has it been destroyed
+  this.destroyed = false;
+
+  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
+  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
+  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
+  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';
+
+  // the number of writers that are awaiting a drain event in .pipe()s
+  this.awaitDrain = 0;
+
+  // if true, a maybeReadMore has been scheduled
+  this.readingMore = false;
+
+  this.decoder = null;
+  this.encoding = null;
+  if (options.encoding) {
+    if (!StringDecoder) StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
+    this.decoder = new StringDecoder(options.encoding);
+    this.encoding = options.encoding;
+  }
+}
+
+function Readable(options) {
+  Duplex = Duplex || require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Readable)) return new Readable(options);
+
+  this._readableState = new ReadableState(options, this);
+
+  // legacy
+  this.readable = true;
+
+  if (options) {
+    if (typeof options.read === 'function') this._read = options.read;
+
+    if (typeof options.destroy === 'function') this._destroy = options.destroy;
+  }
+
+  Stream.call(this);
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Readable.prototype, 'destroyed', {
+  get: function () {
+    if (this._readableState === undefined) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this._readableState.destroyed;
+  },
+  set: function (value) {
+    // we ignore the value if the stream
+    // has not been initialized yet
+    if (!this._readableState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // backward compatibility, the user is explicitly
+    // managing destroyed
+    this._readableState.destroyed = value;
+  }
+});
+
+Readable.prototype.destroy = destroyImpl.destroy;
+Readable.prototype._undestroy = destroyImpl.undestroy;
+Readable.prototype._destroy = function (err, cb) {
+  this.push(null);
+  cb(err);
+};
+
+// Manually shove something into the read() buffer.
+// This returns true if the highWaterMark has not been hit yet,
+// similar to how Writable.write() returns true if you should
+// write() some more.
+Readable.prototype.push = function (chunk, encoding) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var skipChunkCheck;
+
+  if (!state.objectMode) {
+    if (typeof chunk === 'string') {
+      encoding = encoding || state.defaultEncoding;
+      if (encoding !== state.encoding) {
+        chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding);
+        encoding = '';
+      }
+      skipChunkCheck = true;
+    }
+  } else {
+    skipChunkCheck = true;
+  }
+
+  return readableAddChunk(this, chunk, encoding, false, skipChunkCheck);
+};
+
+// Unshift should *always* be something directly out of read()
+Readable.prototype.unshift = function (chunk) {
+  return readableAddChunk(this, chunk, null, true, false);
+};
+
+function readableAddChunk(stream, chunk, encoding, addToFront, skipChunkCheck) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  if (chunk === null) {
+    state.reading = false;
+    onEofChunk(stream, state);
+  } else {
+    var er;
+    if (!skipChunkCheck) er = chunkInvalid(state, chunk);
+    if (er) {
+      stream.emit('error', er);
+    } else if (state.objectMode || chunk && chunk.length > 0) {
+      if (typeof chunk !== 'string' && !state.objectMode && Object.getPrototypeOf(chunk) !== Buffer.prototype) {
+        chunk = _uint8ArrayToBuffer(chunk);
+      }
+
+      if (addToFront) {
+        if (state.endEmitted) stream.emit('error', new Error('stream.unshift() after end event'));else addChunk(stream, state, chunk, true);
+      } else if (state.ended) {
+        stream.emit('error', new Error('stream.push() after EOF'));
+      } else {
+        state.reading = false;
+        if (state.decoder && !encoding) {
+          chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
+          if (state.objectMode || chunk.length !== 0) addChunk(stream, state, chunk, false);else maybeReadMore(stream, state);
+        } else {
+          addChunk(stream, state, chunk, false);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (!addToFront) {
+      state.reading = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return needMoreData(state);
+}
+
+function addChunk(stream, state, chunk, addToFront) {
+  if (state.flowing && state.length === 0 && !state.sync) {
+    stream.emit('data', chunk);
+    stream.read(0);
+  } else {
+    // update the buffer info.
+    state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+    if (addToFront) state.buffer.unshift(chunk);else state.buffer.push(chunk);
+
+    if (state.needReadable) emitReadable(stream);
+  }
+  maybeReadMore(stream, state);
+}
+
+function chunkInvalid(state, chunk) {
+  var er;
+  if (!_isUint8Array(chunk) && typeof chunk !== 'string' && chunk !== undefined && !state.objectMode) {
+    er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
+  }
+  return er;
+}
+
+// if it's past the high water mark, we can push in some more.
+// Also, if we have no data yet, we can stand some
+// more bytes.  This is to work around cases where hwm=0,
+// such as the repl.  Also, if the push() triggered a
+// readable event, and the user called read(largeNumber) such that
+// needReadable was set, then we ought to push more, so that another
+// 'readable' event will be triggered.
+function needMoreData(state) {
+  return !state.ended && (state.needReadable || state.length < state.highWaterMark || state.length === 0);
+}
+
+Readable.prototype.isPaused = function () {
+  return this._readableState.flowing === false;
+};
+
+// backwards compatibility.
+Readable.prototype.setEncoding = function (enc) {
+  if (!StringDecoder) StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
+  this._readableState.decoder = new StringDecoder(enc);
+  this._readableState.encoding = enc;
+  return this;
+};
+
+// Don't raise the hwm > 8MB
+var MAX_HWM = 0x800000;
+function computeNewHighWaterMark(n) {
+  if (n >= MAX_HWM) {
+    n = MAX_HWM;
+  } else {
+    // Get the next highest power of 2 to prevent increasing hwm excessively in
+    // tiny amounts
+    n--;
+    n |= n >>> 1;
+    n |= n >>> 2;
+    n |= n >>> 4;
+    n |= n >>> 8;
+    n |= n >>> 16;
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+// This function is designed to be inlinable, so please take care when making
+// changes to the function body.
+function howMuchToRead(n, state) {
+  if (n <= 0 || state.length === 0 && state.ended) return 0;
+  if (state.objectMode) return 1;
+  if (n !== n) {
+    // Only flow one buffer at a time
+    if (state.flowing && state.length) return state.buffer.head.data.length;else return state.length;
+  }
+  // If we're asking for more than the current hwm, then raise the hwm.
+  if (n > state.highWaterMark) state.highWaterMark = computeNewHighWaterMark(n);
+  if (n <= state.length) return n;
+  // Don't have enough
+  if (!state.ended) {
+    state.needReadable = true;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return state.length;
+}
+
+// you can override either this method, or the async _read(n) below.
+Readable.prototype.read = function (n) {
+  debug('read', n);
+  n = parseInt(n, 10);
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var nOrig = n;
+
+  if (n !== 0) state.emittedReadable = false;
+
+  // if we're doing read(0) to trigger a readable event, but we
+  // already have a bunch of data in the buffer, then just trigger
+  // the 'readable' event and move on.
+  if (n === 0 && state.needReadable && (state.length >= state.highWaterMark || state.ended)) {
+    debug('read: emitReadable', state.length, state.ended);
+    if (state.length === 0 && state.ended) endReadable(this);else emitReadable(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  n = howMuchToRead(n, state);
+
+  // if we've ended, and we're now clear, then finish it up.
+  if (n === 0 && state.ended) {
+    if (state.length === 0) endReadable(this);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // All the actual chunk generation logic needs to be
+  // *below* the call to _read.  The reason is that in certain
+  // synthetic stream cases, such as passthrough streams, _read
+  // may be a completely synchronous operation which may change
+  // the state of the read buffer, providing enough data when
+  // before there was *not* enough.
+  //
+  // So, the steps are:
+  // 1. Figure out what the state of things will be after we do
+  // a read from the buffer.
+  //
+  // 2. If that resulting state will trigger a _read, then call _read.
+  // Note that this may be asynchronous, or synchronous.  Yes, it is
+  // deeply ugly to write APIs this way, but that still doesn't mean
+  // that the Readable class should behave improperly, as streams are
+  // designed to be sync/async agnostic.
+  // Take note if the _read call is sync or async (ie, if the read call
+  // has returned yet), so that we know whether or not it's safe to emit
+  // 'readable' etc.
+  //
+  // 3. Actually pull the requested chunks out of the buffer and return.
+
+  // if we need a readable event, then we need to do some reading.
+  var doRead = state.needReadable;
+  debug('need readable', doRead);
+
+  // if we currently have less than the highWaterMark, then also read some
+  if (state.length === 0 || state.length - n < state.highWaterMark) {
+    doRead = true;
+    debug('length less than watermark', doRead);
+  }
+
+  // however, if we've ended, then there's no point, and if we're already
+  // reading, then it's unnecessary.
+  if (state.ended || state.reading) {
+    doRead = false;
+    debug('reading or ended', doRead);
+  } else if (doRead) {
+    debug('do read');
+    state.reading = true;
+    state.sync = true;
+    // if the length is currently zero, then we *need* a readable event.
+    if (state.length === 0) state.needReadable = true;
+    // call internal read method
+    this._read(state.highWaterMark);
+    state.sync = false;
+    // If _read pushed data synchronously, then `reading` will be false,
+    // and we need to re-evaluate how much data we can return to the user.
+    if (!state.reading) n = howMuchToRead(nOrig, state);
+  }
+
+  var ret;
+  if (n > 0) ret = fromList(n, state);else ret = null;
+
+  if (ret === null) {
+    state.needReadable = true;
+    n = 0;
+  } else {
+    state.length -= n;
+  }
+
+  if (state.length === 0) {
+    // If we have nothing in the buffer, then we want to know
+    // as soon as we *do* get something into the buffer.
+    if (!state.ended) state.needReadable = true;
+
+    // If we tried to read() past the EOF, then emit end on the next tick.
+    if (nOrig !== n && state.ended) endReadable(this);
+  }
+
+  if (ret !== null) this.emit('data', ret);
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+function onEofChunk(stream, state) {
+  if (state.ended) return;
+  if (state.decoder) {
+    var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+    if (chunk && chunk.length) {
+      state.buffer.push(chunk);
+      state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+    }
+  }
+  state.ended = true;
+
+  // emit 'readable' now to make sure it gets picked up.
+  emitReadable(stream);
+}
+
+// Don't emit readable right away in sync mode, because this can trigger
+// another read() call => stack overflow.  This way, it might trigger
+// a nextTick recursion warning, but that's not so bad.
+function emitReadable(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  state.needReadable = false;
+  if (!state.emittedReadable) {
+    debug('emitReadable', state.flowing);
+    state.emittedReadable = true;
+    if (state.sync) pna.nextTick(emitReadable_, stream);else emitReadable_(stream);
+  }
+}
+
+function emitReadable_(stream) {
+  debug('emit readable');
+  stream.emit('readable');
+  flow(stream);
+}
+
+// at this point, the user has presumably seen the 'readable' event,
+// and called read() to consume some data.  that may have triggered
+// in turn another _read(n) call, in which case reading = true if
+// it's in progress.
+// However, if we're not ended, or reading, and the length < hwm,
+// then go ahead and try to read some more preemptively.
+function maybeReadMore(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.readingMore) {
+    state.readingMore = true;
+    pna.nextTick(maybeReadMore_, stream, state);
+  }
+}
+
+function maybeReadMore_(stream, state) {
+  var len = state.length;
+  while (!state.reading && !state.flowing && !state.ended && state.length < state.highWaterMark) {
+    debug('maybeReadMore read 0');
+    stream.read(0);
+    if (len === state.length)
+      // didn't get any data, stop spinning.
+      break;else len = state.length;
+  }
+  state.readingMore = false;
+}
+
+// abstract method.  to be overridden in specific implementation classes.
+// call cb(er, data) where data is <= n in length.
+// for virtual (non-string, non-buffer) streams, "length" is somewhat
+// arbitrary, and perhaps not very meaningful.
+Readable.prototype._read = function (n) {
+  this.emit('error', new Error('_read() is not implemented'));
+};
+
+Readable.prototype.pipe = function (dest, pipeOpts) {
+  var src = this;
+  var state = this._readableState;
+
+  switch (state.pipesCount) {
+    case 0:
+      state.pipes = dest;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      state.pipes = [state.pipes, dest];
+      break;
+    default:
+      state.pipes.push(dest);
+      break;
+  }
+  state.pipesCount += 1;
+  debug('pipe count=%d opts=%j', state.pipesCount, pipeOpts);
+
+  var doEnd = (!pipeOpts || pipeOpts.end !== false) && dest !== process.stdout && dest !== process.stderr;
+
+  var endFn = doEnd ? onend : unpipe;
+  if (state.endEmitted) pna.nextTick(endFn);else src.once('end', endFn);
+
+  dest.on('unpipe', onunpipe);
+  function onunpipe(readable, unpipeInfo) {
+    debug('onunpipe');
+    if (readable === src) {
+      if (unpipeInfo && unpipeInfo.hasUnpiped === false) {
+        unpipeInfo.hasUnpiped = true;
+        cleanup();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function onend() {
+    debug('onend');
+    dest.end();
+  }
+
+  // when the dest drains, it reduces the awaitDrain counter
+  // on the source.  This would be more elegant with a .once()
+  // handler in flow(), but adding and removing repeatedly is
+  // too slow.
+  var ondrain = pipeOnDrain(src);
+  dest.on('drain', ondrain);
+
+  var cleanedUp = false;
+  function cleanup() {
+    debug('cleanup');
+    // cleanup event handlers once the pipe is broken
+    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
+    dest.removeListener('drain', ondrain);
+    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    dest.removeListener('unpipe', onunpipe);
+    src.removeListener('end', onend);
+    src.removeListener('end', unpipe);
+    src.removeListener('data', ondata);
+
+    cleanedUp = true;
+
+    // if the reader is waiting for a drain event from this
+    // specific writer, then it would cause it to never start
+    // flowing again.
+    // So, if this is awaiting a drain, then we just call it now.
+    // If we don't know, then assume that we are waiting for one.
+    if (state.awaitDrain && (!dest._writableState || dest._writableState.needDrain)) ondrain();
+  }
+
+  // If the user pushes more data while we're writing to dest then we'll end up
+  // in ondata again. However, we only want to increase awaitDrain once because
+  // dest will only emit one 'drain' event for the multiple writes.
+  // => Introduce a guard on increasing awaitDrain.
+  var increasedAwaitDrain = false;
+  src.on('data', ondata);
+  function ondata(chunk) {
+    debug('ondata');
+    increasedAwaitDrain = false;
+    var ret = dest.write(chunk);
+    if (false === ret && !increasedAwaitDrain) {
+      // If the user unpiped during `dest.write()`, it is possible
+      // to get stuck in a permanently paused state if that write
+      // also returned false.
+      // => Check whether `dest` is still a piping destination.
+      if ((state.pipesCount === 1 && state.pipes === dest || state.pipesCount > 1 && indexOf(state.pipes, dest) !== -1) && !cleanedUp) {
+        debug('false write response, pause', src._readableState.awaitDrain);
+        src._readableState.awaitDrain++;
+        increasedAwaitDrain = true;
+      }
+      src.pause();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if the dest has an error, then stop piping into it.
+  // however, don't suppress the throwing behavior for this.
+  function onerror(er) {
+    debug('onerror', er);
+    unpipe();
+    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    if (EElistenerCount(dest, 'error') === 0) dest.emit('error', er);
+  }
+
+  // Make sure our error handler is attached before userland ones.
+  prependListener(dest, 'error', onerror);
+
+  // Both close and finish should trigger unpipe, but only once.
+  function onclose() {
+    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
+    unpipe();
+  }
+  dest.once('close', onclose);
+  function onfinish() {
+    debug('onfinish');
+    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    unpipe();
+  }
+  dest.once('finish', onfinish);
+
+  function unpipe() {
+    debug('unpipe');
+    src.unpipe(dest);
+  }
+
+  // tell the dest that it's being piped to
+  dest.emit('pipe', src);
+
+  // start the flow if it hasn't been started already.
+  if (!state.flowing) {
+    debug('pipe resume');
+    src.resume();
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+};
+
+function pipeOnDrain(src) {
+  return function () {
+    var state = src._readableState;
+    debug('pipeOnDrain', state.awaitDrain);
+    if (state.awaitDrain) state.awaitDrain--;
+    if (state.awaitDrain === 0 && EElistenerCount(src, 'data')) {
+      state.flowing = true;
+      flow(src);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+Readable.prototype.unpipe = function (dest) {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var unpipeInfo = { hasUnpiped: false };
+
+  // if we're not piping anywhere, then do nothing.
+  if (state.pipesCount === 0) return this;
+
+  // just one destination.  most common case.
+  if (state.pipesCount === 1) {
+    // passed in one, but it's not the right one.
+    if (dest && dest !== state.pipes) return this;
+
+    if (!dest) dest = state.pipes;
+
+    // got a match.
+    state.pipes = null;
+    state.pipesCount = 0;
+    state.flowing = false;
+    if (dest) dest.emit('unpipe', this, unpipeInfo);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // slow case. multiple pipe destinations.
+
+  if (!dest) {
+    // remove all.
+    var dests = state.pipes;
+    var len = state.pipesCount;
+    state.pipes = null;
+    state.pipesCount = 0;
+    state.flowing = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      dests[i].emit('unpipe', this, unpipeInfo);
+    }return this;
+  }
+
+  // try to find the right one.
+  var index = indexOf(state.pipes, dest);
+  if (index === -1) return this;
+
+  state.pipes.splice(index, 1);
+  state.pipesCount -= 1;
+  if (state.pipesCount === 1) state.pipes = state.pipes[0];
+
+  dest.emit('unpipe', this, unpipeInfo);
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+// set up data events if they are asked for
+// Ensure readable listeners eventually get something
+Readable.prototype.on = function (ev, fn) {
+  var res = Stream.prototype.on.call(this, ev, fn);
+
+  if (ev === 'data') {
+    // Start flowing on next tick if stream isn't explicitly paused
+    if (this._readableState.flowing !== false) this.resume();
+  } else if (ev === 'readable') {
+    var state = this._readableState;
+    if (!state.endEmitted && !state.readableListening) {
+      state.readableListening = state.needReadable = true;
+      state.emittedReadable = false;
+      if (!state.reading) {
+        pna.nextTick(nReadingNextTick, this);
+      } else if (state.length) {
+        emitReadable(this);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return res;
+};
+Readable.prototype.addListener = Readable.prototype.on;
+
+function nReadingNextTick(self) {
+  debug('readable nexttick read 0');
+  self.read(0);
+}
+
+// pause() and resume() are remnants of the legacy readable stream API
+// If the user uses them, then switch into old mode.
+Readable.prototype.resume = function () {
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  if (!state.flowing) {
+    debug('resume');
+    state.flowing = true;
+    resume(this, state);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+function resume(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.resumeScheduled) {
+    state.resumeScheduled = true;
+    pna.nextTick(resume_, stream, state);
+  }
+}
+
+function resume_(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.reading) {
+    debug('resume read 0');
+    stream.read(0);
+  }
+
+  state.resumeScheduled = false;
+  state.awaitDrain = 0;
+  stream.emit('resume');
+  flow(stream);
+  if (state.flowing && !state.reading) stream.read(0);
+}
+
+Readable.prototype.pause = function () {
+  debug('call pause flowing=%j', this._readableState.flowing);
+  if (false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
+    debug('pause');
+    this._readableState.flowing = false;
+    this.emit('pause');
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+function flow(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+  debug('flow', state.flowing);
+  while (state.flowing && stream.read() !== null) {}
+}
+
+// wrap an old-style stream as the async data source.
+// This is *not* part of the readable stream interface.
+// It is an ugly unfortunate mess of history.
+Readable.prototype.wrap = function (stream) {
+  var _this = this;
+
+  var state = this._readableState;
+  var paused = false;
+
+  stream.on('end', function () {
+    debug('wrapped end');
+    if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
+      var chunk = state.decoder.end();
+      if (chunk && chunk.length) _this.push(chunk);
+    }
+
+    _this.push(null);
+  });
+
+  stream.on('data', function (chunk) {
+    debug('wrapped data');
+    if (state.decoder) chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
+
+    // don't skip over falsy values in objectMode
+    if (state.objectMode && (chunk === null || chunk === undefined)) return;else if (!state.objectMode && (!chunk || !chunk.length)) return;
+
+    var ret = _this.push(chunk);
+    if (!ret) {
+      paused = true;
+      stream.pause();
+    }
+  });
+
+  // proxy all the other methods.
+  // important when wrapping filters and duplexes.
+  for (var i in stream) {
+    if (this[i] === undefined && typeof stream[i] === 'function') {
+      this[i] = function (method) {
+        return function () {
+          return stream[method].apply(stream, arguments);
+        };
+      }(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // proxy certain important events.
+  for (var n = 0; n < kProxyEvents.length; n++) {
+    stream.on(kProxyEvents[n], this.emit.bind(this, kProxyEvents[n]));
+  }
+
+  // when we try to consume some more bytes, simply unpause the
+  // underlying stream.
+  this._read = function (n) {
+    debug('wrapped _read', n);
+    if (paused) {
+      paused = false;
+      stream.resume();
+    }
+  };
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+Object.defineProperty(Readable.prototype, 'readableHighWaterMark', {
+  // making it explicit this property is not enumerable
+  // because otherwise some prototype manipulation in
+  // userland will fail
+  enumerable: false,
+  get: function () {
+    return this._readableState.highWaterMark;
+  }
+});
+
+// exposed for testing purposes only.
+Readable._fromList = fromList;
+
+// Pluck off n bytes from an array of buffers.
+// Length is the combined lengths of all the buffers in the list.
+// This function is designed to be inlinable, so please take care when making
+// changes to the function body.
+function fromList(n, state) {
+  // nothing buffered
+  if (state.length === 0) return null;
+
+  var ret;
+  if (state.objectMode) ret = state.buffer.shift();else if (!n || n >= state.length) {
+    // read it all, truncate the list
+    if (state.decoder) ret = state.buffer.join('');else if (state.buffer.length === 1) ret = state.buffer.head.data;else ret = state.buffer.concat(state.length);
+    state.buffer.clear();
+  } else {
+    // read part of list
+    ret = fromListPartial(n, state.buffer, state.decoder);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Extracts only enough buffered data to satisfy the amount requested.
+// This function is designed to be inlinable, so please take care when making
+// changes to the function body.
+function fromListPartial(n, list, hasStrings) {
+  var ret;
+  if (n < list.head.data.length) {
+    // slice is the same for buffers and strings
+    ret = list.head.data.slice(0, n);
+    list.head.data = list.head.data.slice(n);
+  } else if (n === list.head.data.length) {
+    // first chunk is a perfect match
+    ret = list.shift();
+  } else {
+    // result spans more than one buffer
+    ret = hasStrings ? copyFromBufferString(n, list) : copyFromBuffer(n, list);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Copies a specified amount of characters from the list of buffered data
+// chunks.
+// This function is designed to be inlinable, so please take care when making
+// changes to the function body.
+function copyFromBufferString(n, list) {
+  var p = list.head;
+  var c = 1;
+  var ret = p.data;
+  n -= ret.length;
+  while (p = p.next) {
+    var str = p.data;
+    var nb = n > str.length ? str.length : n;
+    if (nb === str.length) ret += str;else ret += str.slice(0, n);
+    n -= nb;
+    if (n === 0) {
+      if (nb === str.length) {
+        ++c;
+        if (p.next) list.head = p.next;else list.head = list.tail = null;
+      } else {
+        list.head = p;
+        p.data = str.slice(nb);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    ++c;
+  }
+  list.length -= c;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Copies a specified amount of bytes from the list of buffered data chunks.
+// This function is designed to be inlinable, so please take care when making
+// changes to the function body.
+function copyFromBuffer(n, list) {
+  var ret = Buffer.allocUnsafe(n);
+  var p = list.head;
+  var c = 1;
+  p.data.copy(ret);
+  n -= p.data.length;
+  while (p = p.next) {
+    var buf = p.data;
+    var nb = n > buf.length ? buf.length : n;
+    buf.copy(ret, ret.length - n, 0, nb);
+    n -= nb;
+    if (n === 0) {
+      if (nb === buf.length) {
+        ++c;
+        if (p.next) list.head = p.next;else list.head = list.tail = null;
+      } else {
+        list.head = p;
+        p.data = buf.slice(nb);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    ++c;
+  }
+  list.length -= c;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function endReadable(stream) {
+  var state = stream._readableState;
+
+  // If we get here before consuming all the bytes, then that is a
+  // bug in node.  Should never happen.
+  if (state.length > 0) throw new Error('"endReadable()" called on non-empty stream');
+
+  if (!state.endEmitted) {
+    state.ended = true;
+    pna.nextTick(endReadableNT, state, stream);
+  }
+}
+
+function endReadableNT(state, stream) {
+  // Check that we didn't get one last unshift.
+  if (!state.endEmitted && state.length === 0) {
+    state.endEmitted = true;
+    stream.readable = false;
+    stream.emit('end');
+  }
+}
+
+function indexOf(xs, x) {
+  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    if (xs[i] === x) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcfc105af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// a transform stream is a readable/writable stream where you do
+// something with the data.  Sometimes it's called a "filter",
+// but that's not a great name for it, since that implies a thing where
+// some bits pass through, and others are simply ignored.  (That would
+// be a valid example of a transform, of course.)
+//
+// While the output is causally related to the input, it's not a
+// necessarily symmetric or synchronous transformation.  For example,
+// a zlib stream might take multiple plain-text writes(), and then
+// emit a single compressed chunk some time in the future.
+//
+// Here's how this works:
+//
+// The Transform stream has all the aspects of the readable and writable
+// stream classes.  When you write(chunk), that calls _write(chunk,cb)
+// internally, and returns false if there's a lot of pending writes
+// buffered up.  When you call read(), that calls _read(n) until
+// there's enough pending readable data buffered up.
+//
+// In a transform stream, the written data is placed in a buffer.  When
+// _read(n) is called, it transforms the queued up data, calling the
+// buffered _write cb's as it consumes chunks.  If consuming a single
+// written chunk would result in multiple output chunks, then the first
+// outputted bit calls the readcb, and subsequent chunks just go into
+// the read buffer, and will cause it to emit 'readable' if necessary.
+//
+// This way, back-pressure is actually determined by the reading side,
+// since _read has to be called to start processing a new chunk.  However,
+// a pathological inflate type of transform can cause excessive buffering
+// here.  For example, imagine a stream where every byte of input is
+// interpreted as an integer from 0-255, and then results in that many
+// bytes of output.  Writing the 4 bytes {ff,ff,ff,ff} would result in
+// 1kb of data being output.  In this case, you could write a very small
+// amount of input, and end up with a very large amount of output.  In
+// such a pathological inflating mechanism, there'd be no way to tell
+// the system to stop doing the transform.  A single 4MB write could
+// cause the system to run out of memory.
+//
+// However, even in such a pathological case, only a single written chunk
+// would be consumed, and then the rest would wait (un-transformed) until
+// the results of the previous transformed chunk were consumed.
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = Transform;
+
+var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = Object.create(require('core-util-is'));
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);
+
+function afterTransform(er, data) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+  ts.transforming = false;
+
+  var cb = ts.writecb;
+
+  if (!cb) {
+    return this.emit('error', new Error('write callback called multiple times'));
+  }
+
+  ts.writechunk = null;
+  ts.writecb = null;
+
+  if (data != null) // single equals check for both `null` and `undefined`
+    this.push(data);
+
+  cb(er);
+
+  var rs = this._readableState;
+  rs.reading = false;
+  if (rs.needReadable || rs.length < rs.highWaterMark) {
+    this._read(rs.highWaterMark);
+  }
+}
+
+function Transform(options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Transform)) return new Transform(options);
+
+  Duplex.call(this, options);
+
+  this._transformState = {
+    afterTransform: afterTransform.bind(this),
+    needTransform: false,
+    transforming: false,
+    writecb: null,
+    writechunk: null,
+    writeencoding: null
+  };
+
+  // start out asking for a readable event once data is transformed.
+  this._readableState.needReadable = true;
+
+  // we have implemented the _read method, and done the other things
+  // that Readable wants before the first _read call, so unset the
+  // sync guard flag.
+  this._readableState.sync = false;
+
+  if (options) {
+    if (typeof options.transform === 'function') this._transform = options.transform;
+
+    if (typeof options.flush === 'function') this._flush = options.flush;
+  }
+
+  // When the writable side finishes, then flush out anything remaining.
+  this.on('prefinish', prefinish);
+}
+
+function prefinish() {
+  var _this = this;
+
+  if (typeof this._flush === 'function') {
+    this._flush(function (er, data) {
+      done(_this, er, data);
+    });
+  } else {
+    done(this, null, null);
+  }
+}
+
+Transform.prototype.push = function (chunk, encoding) {
+  this._transformState.needTransform = false;
+  return Duplex.prototype.push.call(this, chunk, encoding);
+};
+
+// This is the part where you do stuff!
+// override this function in implementation classes.
+// 'chunk' is an input chunk.
+//
+// Call `push(newChunk)` to pass along transformed output
+// to the readable side.  You may call 'push' zero or more times.
+//
+// Call `cb(err)` when you are done with this chunk.  If you pass
+// an error, then that'll put the hurt on the whole operation.  If you
+// never call cb(), then you'll never get another chunk.
+Transform.prototype._transform = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  throw new Error('_transform() is not implemented');
+};
+
+Transform.prototype._write = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+  ts.writecb = cb;
+  ts.writechunk = chunk;
+  ts.writeencoding = encoding;
+  if (!ts.transforming) {
+    var rs = this._readableState;
+    if (ts.needTransform || rs.needReadable || rs.length < rs.highWaterMark) this._read(rs.highWaterMark);
+  }
+};
+
+// Doesn't matter what the args are here.
+// _transform does all the work.
+// That we got here means that the readable side wants more data.
+Transform.prototype._read = function (n) {
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+
+  if (ts.writechunk !== null && ts.writecb && !ts.transforming) {
+    ts.transforming = true;
+    this._transform(ts.writechunk, ts.writeencoding, ts.afterTransform);
+  } else {
+    // mark that we need a transform, so that any data that comes in
+    // will get processed, now that we've asked for it.
+    ts.needTransform = true;
+  }
+};
+
+Transform.prototype._destroy = function (err, cb) {
+  var _this2 = this;
+
+  Duplex.prototype._destroy.call(this, err, function (err2) {
+    cb(err2);
+    _this2.emit('close');
+  });
+};
+
+function done(stream, er, data) {
+  if (er) return stream.emit('error', er);
+
+  if (data != null) // single equals check for both `null` and `undefined`
+    stream.push(data);
+
+  // if there's nothing in the write buffer, then that means
+  // that nothing more will ever be provided
+  if (stream._writableState.length) throw new Error('Calling transform done when ws.length != 0');
+
+  if (stream._transformState.transforming) throw new Error('Calling transform done when still transforming');
+
+  return stream.push(null);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0b02200c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_writable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// A bit simpler than readable streams.
+// Implement an async ._write(chunk, encoding, cb), and it'll handle all
+// the drain event emission and buffering.
+
+'use strict';
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var pna = require('process-nextick-args');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+module.exports = Writable;
+
+/* <replacement> */
+function WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  this.chunk = chunk;
+  this.encoding = encoding;
+  this.callback = cb;
+  this.next = null;
+}
+
+// It seems a linked list but it is not
+// there will be only 2 of these for each stream
+function CorkedRequest(state) {
+  var _this = this;
+
+  this.next = null;
+  this.entry = null;
+  this.finish = function () {
+    onCorkedFinish(_this, state);
+  };
+}
+/* </replacement> */
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var asyncWrite = !process.browser && ['v0.10', 'v0.9.'].indexOf(process.version.slice(0, 5)) > -1 ? setImmediate : pna.nextTick;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Duplex;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+Writable.WritableState = WritableState;
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var util = Object.create(require('core-util-is'));
+util.inherits = require('inherits');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var internalUtil = {
+  deprecate: require('util-deprecate')
+};
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+var Stream = require('./internal/streams/stream');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var OurUint8Array = global.Uint8Array || function () {};
+function _uint8ArrayToBuffer(chunk) {
+  return Buffer.from(chunk);
+}
+function _isUint8Array(obj) {
+  return Buffer.isBuffer(obj) || obj instanceof OurUint8Array;
+}
+
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var destroyImpl = require('./internal/streams/destroy');
+
+util.inherits(Writable, Stream);
+
+function nop() {}
+
+function WritableState(options, stream) {
+  Duplex = Duplex || require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // Duplex streams are both readable and writable, but share
+  // the same options object.
+  // However, some cases require setting options to different
+  // values for the readable and the writable sides of the duplex stream.
+  // These options can be provided separately as readableXXX and writableXXX.
+  var isDuplex = stream instanceof Duplex;
+
+  // object stream flag to indicate whether or not this stream
+  // contains buffers or objects.
+  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;
+
+  if (isDuplex) this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.writableObjectMode;
+
+  // the point at which write() starts returning false
+  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means that we always return false if
+  // the entire buffer is not flushed immediately on write()
+  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
+  var writableHwm = options.writableHighWaterMark;
+  var defaultHwm = this.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
+
+  if (hwm || hwm === 0) this.highWaterMark = hwm;else if (isDuplex && (writableHwm || writableHwm === 0)) this.highWaterMark = writableHwm;else this.highWaterMark = defaultHwm;
+
+  // cast to ints.
+  this.highWaterMark = Math.floor(this.highWaterMark);
+
+  // if _final has been called
+  this.finalCalled = false;
+
+  // drain event flag.
+  this.needDrain = false;
+  // at the start of calling end()
+  this.ending = false;
+  // when end() has been called, and returned
+  this.ended = false;
+  // when 'finish' is emitted
+  this.finished = false;
+
+  // has it been destroyed
+  this.destroyed = false;
+
+  // should we decode strings into buffers before passing to _write?
+  // this is here so that some node-core streams can optimize string
+  // handling at a lower level.
+  var noDecode = options.decodeStrings === false;
+  this.decodeStrings = !noDecode;
+
+  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
+  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
+  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
+  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';
+
+  // not an actual buffer we keep track of, but a measurement
+  // of how much we're waiting to get pushed to some underlying
+  // socket or file.
+  this.length = 0;
+
+  // a flag to see when we're in the middle of a write.
+  this.writing = false;
+
+  // when true all writes will be buffered until .uncork() call
+  this.corked = 0;
+
+  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
+  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
+  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
+  // not happen before the first write call.
+  this.sync = true;
+
+  // a flag to know if we're processing previously buffered items, which
+  // may call the _write() callback in the same tick, so that we don't
+  // end up in an overlapped onwrite situation.
+  this.bufferProcessing = false;
+
+  // the callback that's passed to _write(chunk,cb)
+  this.onwrite = function (er) {
+    onwrite(stream, er);
+  };
+
+  // the callback that the user supplies to write(chunk,encoding,cb)
+  this.writecb = null;
+
+  // the amount that is being written when _write is called.
+  this.writelen = 0;
+
+  this.bufferedRequest = null;
+  this.lastBufferedRequest = null;
+
+  // number of pending user-supplied write callbacks
+  // this must be 0 before 'finish' can be emitted
+  this.pendingcb = 0;
+
+  // emit prefinish if the only thing we're waiting for is _write cbs
+  // This is relevant for synchronous Transform streams
+  this.prefinished = false;
+
+  // True if the error was already emitted and should not be thrown again
+  this.errorEmitted = false;
+
+  // count buffered requests
+  this.bufferedRequestCount = 0;
+
+  // allocate the first CorkedRequest, there is always
+  // one allocated and free to use, and we maintain at most two
+  this.corkedRequestsFree = new CorkedRequest(this);
+}
+
+WritableState.prototype.getBuffer = function getBuffer() {
+  var current = this.bufferedRequest;
+  var out = [];
+  while (current) {
+    out.push(current);
+    current = current.next;
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+
+(function () {
+  try {
+    Object.defineProperty(WritableState.prototype, 'buffer', {
+      get: internalUtil.deprecate(function () {
+        return this.getBuffer();
+      }, '_writableState.buffer is deprecated. Use _writableState.getBuffer ' + 'instead.', 'DEP0003')
+    });
+  } catch (_) {}
+})();
+
+// Test _writableState for inheritance to account for Duplex streams,
+// whose prototype chain only points to Readable.
+var realHasInstance;
+if (typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.hasInstance && typeof Function.prototype[Symbol.hasInstance] === 'function') {
+  realHasInstance = Function.prototype[Symbol.hasInstance];
+  Object.defineProperty(Writable, Symbol.hasInstance, {
+    value: function (object) {
+      if (realHasInstance.call(this, object)) return true;
+      if (this !== Writable) return false;
+
+      return object && object._writableState instanceof WritableState;
+    }
+  });
+} else {
+  realHasInstance = function (object) {
+    return object instanceof this;
+  };
+}
+
+function Writable(options) {
+  Duplex = Duplex || require('./_stream_duplex');
+
+  // Writable ctor is applied to Duplexes, too.
+  // `realHasInstance` is necessary because using plain `instanceof`
+  // would return false, as no `_writableState` property is attached.
+
+  // Trying to use the custom `instanceof` for Writable here will also break the
+  // Node.js LazyTransform implementation, which has a non-trivial getter for
+  // `_writableState` that would lead to infinite recursion.
+  if (!realHasInstance.call(Writable, this) && !(this instanceof Duplex)) {
+    return new Writable(options);
+  }
+
+  this._writableState = new WritableState(options, this);
+
+  // legacy.
+  this.writable = true;
+
+  if (options) {
+    if (typeof options.write === 'function') this._write = options.write;
+
+    if (typeof options.writev === 'function') this._writev = options.writev;
+
+    if (typeof options.destroy === 'function') this._destroy = options.destroy;
+
+    if (typeof options.final === 'function') this._final = options.final;
+  }
+
+  Stream.call(this);
+}
+
+// Otherwise people can pipe Writable streams, which is just wrong.
+Writable.prototype.pipe = function () {
+  this.emit('error', new Error('Cannot pipe, not readable'));
+};
+
+function writeAfterEnd(stream, cb) {
+  var er = new Error('write after end');
+  // TODO: defer error events consistently everywhere, not just the cb
+  stream.emit('error', er);
+  pna.nextTick(cb, er);
+}
+
+// Checks that a user-supplied chunk is valid, especially for the particular
+// mode the stream is in. Currently this means that `null` is never accepted
+// and undefined/non-string values are only allowed in object mode.
+function validChunk(stream, state, chunk, cb) {
+  var valid = true;
+  var er = false;
+
+  if (chunk === null) {
+    er = new TypeError('May not write null values to stream');
+  } else if (typeof chunk !== 'string' && chunk !== undefined && !state.objectMode) {
+    er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
+  }
+  if (er) {
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+    pna.nextTick(cb, er);
+    valid = false;
+  }
+  return valid;
+}
+
+Writable.prototype.write = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+  var ret = false;
+  var isBuf = !state.objectMode && _isUint8Array(chunk);
+
+  if (isBuf && !Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
+    chunk = _uint8ArrayToBuffer(chunk);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof encoding === 'function') {
+    cb = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  if (isBuf) encoding = 'buffer';else if (!encoding) encoding = state.defaultEncoding;
+
+  if (typeof cb !== 'function') cb = nop;
+
+  if (state.ended) writeAfterEnd(this, cb);else if (isBuf || validChunk(this, state, chunk, cb)) {
+    state.pendingcb++;
+    ret = writeOrBuffer(this, state, isBuf, chunk, encoding, cb);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.cork = function () {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  state.corked++;
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.uncork = function () {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  if (state.corked) {
+    state.corked--;
+
+    if (!state.writing && !state.corked && !state.finished && !state.bufferProcessing && state.bufferedRequest) clearBuffer(this, state);
+  }
+};
+
+Writable.prototype.setDefaultEncoding = function setDefaultEncoding(encoding) {
+  // node::ParseEncoding() requires lower case.
+  if (typeof encoding === 'string') encoding = encoding.toLowerCase();
+  if (!(['hex', 'utf8', 'utf-8', 'ascii', 'binary', 'base64', 'ucs2', 'ucs-2', 'utf16le', 'utf-16le', 'raw'].indexOf((encoding + '').toLowerCase()) > -1)) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
+  this._writableState.defaultEncoding = encoding;
+  return this;
+};
+
+function decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding) {
+  if (!state.objectMode && state.decodeStrings !== false && typeof chunk === 'string') {
+    chunk = Buffer.from(chunk, encoding);
+  }
+  return chunk;
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Writable.prototype, 'writableHighWaterMark', {
+  // making it explicit this property is not enumerable
+  // because otherwise some prototype manipulation in
+  // userland will fail
+  enumerable: false,
+  get: function () {
+    return this._writableState.highWaterMark;
+  }
+});
+
+// if we're already writing something, then just put this
+// in the queue, and wait our turn.  Otherwise, call _write
+// If we return false, then we need a drain event, so set that flag.
+function writeOrBuffer(stream, state, isBuf, chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  if (!isBuf) {
+    var newChunk = decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding);
+    if (chunk !== newChunk) {
+      isBuf = true;
+      encoding = 'buffer';
+      chunk = newChunk;
+    }
+  }
+  var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+
+  state.length += len;
+
+  var ret = state.length < state.highWaterMark;
+  // we must ensure that previous needDrain will not be reset to false.
+  if (!ret) state.needDrain = true;
+
+  if (state.writing || state.corked) {
+    var last = state.lastBufferedRequest;
+    state.lastBufferedRequest = {
+      chunk: chunk,
+      encoding: encoding,
+      isBuf: isBuf,
+      callback: cb,
+      next: null
+    };
+    if (last) {
+      last.next = state.lastBufferedRequest;
+    } else {
+      state.bufferedRequest = state.lastBufferedRequest;
+    }
+    state.bufferedRequestCount += 1;
+  } else {
+    doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+function doWrite(stream, state, writev, len, chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  state.writelen = len;
+  state.writecb = cb;
+  state.writing = true;
+  state.sync = true;
+  if (writev) stream._writev(chunk, state.onwrite);else stream._write(chunk, encoding, state.onwrite);
+  state.sync = false;
+}
+
+function onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb) {
+  --state.pendingcb;
+
+  if (sync) {
+    // defer the callback if we are being called synchronously
+    // to avoid piling up things on the stack
+    pna.nextTick(cb, er);
+    // this can emit finish, and it will always happen
+    // after error
+    pna.nextTick(finishMaybe, stream, state);
+    stream._writableState.errorEmitted = true;
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+  } else {
+    // the caller expect this to happen before if
+    // it is async
+    cb(er);
+    stream._writableState.errorEmitted = true;
+    stream.emit('error', er);
+    // this can emit finish, but finish must
+    // always follow error
+    finishMaybe(stream, state);
+  }
+}
+
+function onwriteStateUpdate(state) {
+  state.writing = false;
+  state.writecb = null;
+  state.length -= state.writelen;
+  state.writelen = 0;
+}
+
+function onwrite(stream, er) {
+  var state = stream._writableState;
+  var sync = state.sync;
+  var cb = state.writecb;
+
+  onwriteStateUpdate(state);
+
+  if (er) onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb);else {
+    // Check if we're actually ready to finish, but don't emit yet
+    var finished = needFinish(state);
+
+    if (!finished && !state.corked && !state.bufferProcessing && state.bufferedRequest) {
+      clearBuffer(stream, state);
+    }
+
+    if (sync) {
+      /*<replacement>*/
+      asyncWrite(afterWrite, stream, state, finished, cb);
+      /*</replacement>*/
+    } else {
+      afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb) {
+  if (!finished) onwriteDrain(stream, state);
+  state.pendingcb--;
+  cb();
+  finishMaybe(stream, state);
+}
+
+// Must force callback to be called on nextTick, so that we don't
+// emit 'drain' before the write() consumer gets the 'false' return
+// value, and has a chance to attach a 'drain' listener.
+function onwriteDrain(stream, state) {
+  if (state.length === 0 && state.needDrain) {
+    state.needDrain = false;
+    stream.emit('drain');
+  }
+}
+
+// if there's something in the buffer waiting, then process it
+function clearBuffer(stream, state) {
+  state.bufferProcessing = true;
+  var entry = state.bufferedRequest;
+
+  if (stream._writev && entry && entry.next) {
+    // Fast case, write everything using _writev()
+    var l = state.bufferedRequestCount;
+    var buffer = new Array(l);
+    var holder = state.corkedRequestsFree;
+    holder.entry = entry;
+
+    var count = 0;
+    var allBuffers = true;
+    while (entry) {
+      buffer[count] = entry;
+      if (!entry.isBuf) allBuffers = false;
+      entry = entry.next;
+      count += 1;
+    }
+    buffer.allBuffers = allBuffers;
+
+    doWrite(stream, state, true, state.length, buffer, '', holder.finish);
+
+    // doWrite is almost always async, defer these to save a bit of time
+    // as the hot path ends with doWrite
+    state.pendingcb++;
+    state.lastBufferedRequest = null;
+    if (holder.next) {
+      state.corkedRequestsFree = holder.next;
+      holder.next = null;
+    } else {
+      state.corkedRequestsFree = new CorkedRequest(state);
+    }
+    state.bufferedRequestCount = 0;
+  } else {
+    // Slow case, write chunks one-by-one
+    while (entry) {
+      var chunk = entry.chunk;
+      var encoding = entry.encoding;
+      var cb = entry.callback;
+      var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
+
+      doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);
+      entry = entry.next;
+      state.bufferedRequestCount--;
+      // if we didn't call the onwrite immediately, then
+      // it means that we need to wait until it does.
+      // also, that means that the chunk and cb are currently
+      // being processed, so move the buffer counter past them.
+      if (state.writing) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (entry === null) state.lastBufferedRequest = null;
+  }
+
+  state.bufferedRequest = entry;
+  state.bufferProcessing = false;
+}
+
+Writable.prototype._write = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  cb(new Error('_write() is not implemented'));
+};
+
+Writable.prototype._writev = null;
+
+Writable.prototype.end = function (chunk, encoding, cb) {
+  var state = this._writableState;
+
+  if (typeof chunk === 'function') {
+    cb = chunk;
+    chunk = null;
+    encoding = null;
+  } else if (typeof encoding === 'function') {
+    cb = encoding;
+    encoding = null;
+  }
+
+  if (chunk !== null && chunk !== undefined) this.write(chunk, encoding);
+
+  // .end() fully uncorks
+  if (state.corked) {
+    state.corked = 1;
+    this.uncork();
+  }
+
+  // ignore unnecessary end() calls.
+  if (!state.ending && !state.finished) endWritable(this, state, cb);
+};
+
+function needFinish(state) {
+  return state.ending && state.length === 0 && state.bufferedRequest === null && !state.finished && !state.writing;
+}
+function callFinal(stream, state) {
+  stream._final(function (err) {
+    state.pendingcb--;
+    if (err) {
+      stream.emit('error', err);
+    }
+    state.prefinished = true;
+    stream.emit('prefinish');
+    finishMaybe(stream, state);
+  });
+}
+function prefinish(stream, state) {
+  if (!state.prefinished && !state.finalCalled) {
+    if (typeof stream._final === 'function') {
+      state.pendingcb++;
+      state.finalCalled = true;
+      pna.nextTick(callFinal, stream, state);
+    } else {
+      state.prefinished = true;
+      stream.emit('prefinish');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function finishMaybe(stream, state) {
+  var need = needFinish(state);
+  if (need) {
+    prefinish(stream, state);
+    if (state.pendingcb === 0) {
+      state.finished = true;
+      stream.emit('finish');
+    }
+  }
+  return need;
+}
+
+function endWritable(stream, state, cb) {
+  state.ending = true;
+  finishMaybe(stream, state);
+  if (cb) {
+    if (state.finished) pna.nextTick(cb);else stream.once('finish', cb);
+  }
+  state.ended = true;
+  stream.writable = false;
+}
+
+function onCorkedFinish(corkReq, state, err) {
+  var entry = corkReq.entry;
+  corkReq.entry = null;
+  while (entry) {
+    var cb = entry.callback;
+    state.pendingcb--;
+    cb(err);
+    entry = entry.next;
+  }
+  if (state.corkedRequestsFree) {
+    state.corkedRequestsFree.next = corkReq;
+  } else {
+    state.corkedRequestsFree = corkReq;
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(Writable.prototype, 'destroyed', {
+  get: function () {
+    if (this._writableState === undefined) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this._writableState.destroyed;
+  },
+  set: function (value) {
+    // we ignore the value if the stream
+    // has not been initialized yet
+    if (!this._writableState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // backward compatibility, the user is explicitly
+    // managing destroyed
+    this._writableState.destroyed = value;
+  }
+});
+
+Writable.prototype.destroy = destroyImpl.destroy;
+Writable.prototype._undestroy = destroyImpl.undestroy;
+Writable.prototype._destroy = function (err, cb) {
+  this.end();
+  cb(err);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/BufferList.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/BufferList.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aefc68bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/BufferList.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+'use strict';
+
+function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } }
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+var util = require('util');
+
+function copyBuffer(src, target, offset) {
+  src.copy(target, offset);
+}
+
+module.exports = function () {
+  function BufferList() {
+    _classCallCheck(this, BufferList);
+
+    this.head = null;
+    this.tail = null;
+    this.length = 0;
+  }
+
+  BufferList.prototype.push = function push(v) {
+    var entry = { data: v, next: null };
+    if (this.length > 0) this.tail.next = entry;else this.head = entry;
+    this.tail = entry;
+    ++this.length;
+  };
+
+  BufferList.prototype.unshift = function unshift(v) {
+    var entry = { data: v, next: this.head };
+    if (this.length === 0) this.tail = entry;
+    this.head = entry;
+    ++this.length;
+  };
+
+  BufferList.prototype.shift = function shift() {
+    if (this.length === 0) return;
+    var ret = this.head.data;
+    if (this.length === 1) this.head = this.tail = null;else this.head = this.head.next;
+    --this.length;
+    return ret;
+  };
+
+  BufferList.prototype.clear = function clear() {
+    this.head = this.tail = null;
+    this.length = 0;
+  };
+
+  BufferList.prototype.join = function join(s) {
+    if (this.length === 0) return '';
+    var p = this.head;
+    var ret = '' + p.data;
+    while (p = p.next) {
+      ret += s + p.data;
+    }return ret;
+  };
+
+  BufferList.prototype.concat = function concat(n) {
+    if (this.length === 0) return Buffer.alloc(0);
+    if (this.length === 1) return this.head.data;
+    var ret = Buffer.allocUnsafe(n >>> 0);
+    var p = this.head;
+    var i = 0;
+    while (p) {
+      copyBuffer(p.data, ret, i);
+      i += p.data.length;
+      p = p.next;
+    }
+    return ret;
+  };
+
+  return BufferList;
+}();
+
+if (util && util.inspect && util.inspect.custom) {
+  module.exports.prototype[util.inspect.custom] = function () {
+    var obj = util.inspect({ length: this.length });
+    return this.constructor.name + ' ' + obj;
+  };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/destroy.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/destroy.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a0a0d88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/destroy.js
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var pna = require('process-nextick-args');
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+// undocumented cb() API, needed for core, not for public API
+function destroy(err, cb) {
+  var _this = this;
+
+  var readableDestroyed = this._readableState && this._readableState.destroyed;
+  var writableDestroyed = this._writableState && this._writableState.destroyed;
+
+  if (readableDestroyed || writableDestroyed) {
+    if (cb) {
+      cb(err);
+    } else if (err && (!this._writableState || !this._writableState.errorEmitted)) {
+      pna.nextTick(emitErrorNT, this, err);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // we set destroyed to true before firing error callbacks in order
+  // to make it re-entrance safe in case destroy() is called within callbacks
+
+  if (this._readableState) {
+    this._readableState.destroyed = true;
+  }
+
+  // if this is a duplex stream mark the writable part as destroyed as well
+  if (this._writableState) {
+    this._writableState.destroyed = true;
+  }
+
+  this._destroy(err || null, function (err) {
+    if (!cb && err) {
+      pna.nextTick(emitErrorNT, _this, err);
+      if (_this._writableState) {
+        _this._writableState.errorEmitted = true;
+      }
+    } else if (cb) {
+      cb(err);
+    }
+  });
+
+  return this;
+}
+
+function undestroy() {
+  if (this._readableState) {
+    this._readableState.destroyed = false;
+    this._readableState.reading = false;
+    this._readableState.ended = false;
+    this._readableState.endEmitted = false;
+  }
+
+  if (this._writableState) {
+    this._writableState.destroyed = false;
+    this._writableState.ended = false;
+    this._writableState.ending = false;
+    this._writableState.finished = false;
+    this._writableState.errorEmitted = false;
+  }
+}
+
+function emitErrorNT(self, err) {
+  self.emit('error', err);
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  destroy: destroy,
+  undestroy: undestroy
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/stream-browser.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/stream-browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9332a3fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/stream-browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('events').EventEmitter;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/stream.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/stream.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce2ad5b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/lib/internal/streams/stream.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('stream');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33c5a99ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "_from": "readable-stream@^2.3.5",
+  "_id": "readable-stream@2.3.7",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Ebho8K4jIbHAxnuxi7o42OrZgF/ZTNcsZj6nRKyUmkhLFq8CHItp/fy6hQZuZmP/n3yZ9VBUbp4zz/mX8hmYPw==",
+  "_location": "/readable-stream",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "readable-stream@^2.3.5",
+    "name": "readable-stream",
+    "escapedName": "readable-stream",
+    "rawSpec": "^2.3.5",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^2.3.5"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/bl"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/readable-stream/-/readable-stream-2.3.7.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "1eca1cf711aef814c04f62252a36a62f6cb23b57",
+  "_spec": "readable-stream@^2.3.5",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\bl",
+  "browser": {
+    "util": false,
+    "./readable.js": "./readable-browser.js",
+    "./writable.js": "./writable-browser.js",
+    "./duplex.js": "./duplex-browser.js",
+    "./lib/internal/streams/stream.js": "./lib/internal/streams/stream-browser.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/readable-stream/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "core-util-is": "~1.0.0",
+    "inherits": "~2.0.3",
+    "isarray": "~1.0.0",
+    "process-nextick-args": "~2.0.0",
+    "safe-buffer": "~5.1.1",
+    "string_decoder": "~1.1.1",
+    "util-deprecate": "~1.0.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Streams3, a user-land copy of the stream library from Node.js",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "assert": "^1.4.0",
+    "babel-polyfill": "^6.9.1",
+    "buffer": "^4.9.0",
+    "lolex": "^2.3.2",
+    "nyc": "^6.4.0",
+    "tap": "^0.7.0",
+    "tape": "^4.8.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/nodejs/readable-stream#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "readable",
+    "stream",
+    "pipe"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "readable.js",
+  "name": "readable-stream",
+  "nyc": {
+    "include": [
+      "lib/**.js"
+    ]
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/nodejs/readable-stream.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "ci": "tap test/parallel/*.js test/ours/*.js --tap | tee test.tap && node test/verify-dependencies.js",
+    "cover": "nyc npm test",
+    "report": "nyc report --reporter=lcov",
+    "test": "tap test/parallel/*.js test/ours/*.js && node test/verify-dependencies.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.3.7"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffd791d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/passthrough.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./readable').PassThrough
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/readable-browser.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/readable-browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e50372592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/readable-browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+exports = module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_readable.js');
+exports.Stream = exports;
+exports.Readable = exports;
+exports.Writable = require('./lib/_stream_writable.js');
+exports.Duplex = require('./lib/_stream_duplex.js');
+exports.Transform = require('./lib/_stream_transform.js');
+exports.PassThrough = require('./lib/_stream_passthrough.js');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec89ec533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/readable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+var Stream = require('stream');
+if (process.env.READABLE_STREAM === 'disable' && Stream) {
+  module.exports = Stream;
+  exports = module.exports = Stream.Readable;
+  exports.Readable = Stream.Readable;
+  exports.Writable = Stream.Writable;
+  exports.Duplex = Stream.Duplex;
+  exports.Transform = Stream.Transform;
+  exports.PassThrough = Stream.PassThrough;
+  exports.Stream = Stream;
+} else {
+  exports = module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_readable.js');
+  exports.Stream = Stream || exports;
+  exports.Readable = exports;
+  exports.Writable = require('./lib/_stream_writable.js');
+  exports.Duplex = require('./lib/_stream_duplex.js');
+  exports.Transform = require('./lib/_stream_transform.js');
+  exports.PassThrough = require('./lib/_stream_passthrough.js');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1baba26d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/transform.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./readable').Transform
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/writable-browser.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/writable-browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebdde6a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/writable-browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_writable.js');
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3211a6f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/readable-stream/writable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+var Stream = require("stream")
+var Writable = require("./lib/_stream_writable.js")
+
+if (process.env.READABLE_STREAM === 'disable') {
+  module.exports = Stream && Stream.Writable || Writable
+} else {
+  module.exports = Writable
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..220a17bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+sudo: false
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - 8
+  - 10
+  - 12
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - node_js: "13"
+      env: "NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/download/nightly"
+  allow_failures:
+    # Allow the nightly installs to fail
+    - env: "NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/download/nightly"
+script: "npm test"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/History.md b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0beedfc35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+0.0.1 / 2013-04-17
+==================
+
+  * initial commit
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98c7c8983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 [Aaron Heckmann](aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/Makefile b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c8fb7516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+test:
+	@./node_modules/.bin/mocha $(T) --async-only $(TESTS)
+
+.PHONY: test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/README.md b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a16bad3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#regexp-clone
+==============
+
+Clones RegExps with flag and `lastIndex` preservation.
+
+```js
+const regexpClone = require('regexp-clone');
+
+const a = /somethin/misguy;
+console.log(a.global); // true
+console.log(a.ignoreCase); // true
+console.log(a.multiline); // true
+console.log(a.dotAll); // true
+console.log(a.unicode); // true
+console.log(a.sticky); // true
+
+const b = regexpClone(a);
+console.log(b.global); // true
+console.log(b.ignoreCase); // true
+console.log(b.multiline); // true
+console.log(b.dotAll); // true
+console.log(b.unicode); // true
+console.log(b.sticky); // true
+
+const c = /hi/g;
+c.test('this string hi there');
+assert.strictEqual(c.lastIndex, 3);
+
+const d = regexpClone(c);
+assert.strictEqual(d.lastIndex, 3);
+d.test('this string hi there');
+assert.strictEqual(d.lastIndex, 14);
+assert.strictEqual(c.lastIndex, 3);
+```
+
+```
+npm install regexp-clone
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](https://github.com/aheckmann/regexp-clone/blob/master/LICENSE)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/index.js b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19512b392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+const toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+function isRegExp (o) {
+  return 'object' == typeof o
+      && '[object RegExp]' == toString.call(o);
+}
+
+module.exports = exports = function (regexp) {
+  if (!isRegExp(regexp)) {
+    throw new TypeError('Not a RegExp');
+  }
+
+  const flags = [];
+  if (regexp.global) flags.push('g');
+  if (regexp.multiline) flags.push('m');
+  if (regexp.ignoreCase) flags.push('i');
+  if (regexp.dotAll) flags.push('s');
+  if (regexp.unicode) flags.push('u');
+  if (regexp.sticky) flags.push('y');
+  const result = new RegExp(regexp.source, flags.join(''));
+  if (typeof regexp.lastIndex === 'number') {
+    result.lastIndex = regexp.lastIndex;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/package.json b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d8d9298d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "_from": "regexp-clone@1.0.0",
+  "_id": "regexp-clone@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-TuAasHQNamyyJ2hb97IuBEif4qBHGjPHBS64sZwytpLEqtBQ1gPJTnOaQ6qmpET16cK14kkjbazl6+p0RRv0yw==",
+  "_location": "/regexp-clone",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "regexp-clone@1.0.0",
+    "name": "regexp-clone",
+    "escapedName": "regexp-clone",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose",
+    "/mquery"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/regexp-clone/-/regexp-clone-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "222db967623277056260b992626354a04ce9bf63",
+  "_spec": "regexp-clone@1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Aaron Heckmann",
+    "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/aheckmann/regexp-clone/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Clone RegExps with options",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mocha": "^6.1.4"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/aheckmann/regexp-clone#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "RegExp",
+    "clone"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "regexp-clone",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/aheckmann/regexp-clone.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "make test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ceaea287a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/regexp-clone/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+
+const assert = require('assert')
+const clone = require('../');
+
+describe('regexp-clone', function(){
+  function hasEqualSource (a, b) {
+    assert.ok(a !== b);
+    assert.equal(a.source, b.source);
+  }
+
+  function isIgnoreCase (a) {
+    assert.ok(a.ignoreCase);
+  }
+
+  function isGlobal (a) {
+    assert.ok(a.global);
+  }
+
+  function isMultiline (a) {
+    assert.ok(a.multiline);
+  }
+
+  function isDotAll (a) {
+    assert.ok(a.dotAll);
+  }
+
+  function isUnicode (a) {
+    assert.ok(a.unicode);
+  }
+
+  function isSticky(a) {
+    assert.ok(a.sticky);
+  }
+
+  function testFlag (a, method) {
+    const b = clone(a);
+    hasEqualSource(a, b);
+    method(a);
+    method(b);
+  }
+
+  function lastIndex(a) {
+    a.test('this string hi there');
+    assert.strictEqual(a.lastIndex, 3);
+    const b = clone(a);
+    assert.strictEqual(b.lastIndex, 3);
+    assert.strictEqual(a.lastIndex, 3);
+    b.test('this string hi there');
+    assert.strictEqual(b.lastIndex, 14);
+    assert.strictEqual(a.lastIndex, 3);
+  }
+
+  function allFlags(a) {
+    const b = clone(a);
+    hasEqualSource(a, b);
+    testFlag(b, isIgnoreCase);
+    testFlag(b, isGlobal);
+    testFlag(b, isMultiline);
+    testFlag(b, isDotAll);
+    testFlag(b, isUnicode);
+    testFlag(b, isSticky);
+  }
+
+  function noFlags(a) {
+    const b = clone(a);
+    hasEqualSource(a, b);
+    assert.ok(!b.ignoreCase);
+    assert.ok(!b.global);
+    assert.ok(!b.multiline);
+    assert.ok(!b.dotAll);
+    assert.ok(!b.unicode);
+    assert.ok(!b.sticky);
+  }
+
+  describe('literals', function(){
+    it('ignoreCase flag', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/i;
+      testFlag(a, isIgnoreCase);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('global flag', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/g;
+      testFlag(a, isGlobal);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('multiline flag', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/m;
+      testFlag(a, isMultiline);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('dotAll flag', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/s;
+      testFlag(a, isDotAll);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('unicode flag', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/u;
+      testFlag(a, isUnicode);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('sticky flag', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/y;
+      testFlag(a, isSticky);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('no flags', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/;
+      noFlags(a);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('all flags', function(done){
+      const a = /hello/gimsuy;
+      allFlags(a);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('lastIndex', function(done) {
+      const a = /hi/g;
+      lastIndex(a);
+      done();
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('instances', function(){
+    it('ignoreCase flag', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 'i');
+      testFlag(a, isIgnoreCase);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('global flag', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 'g');
+      testFlag(a, isGlobal);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('multiline flag', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 'm');
+      testFlag(a, isMultiline);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('dotAll flag', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 's');
+      testFlag(a, isDotAll);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('unicode flag', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 'u');
+      testFlag(a, isUnicode);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('sticky flag', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 'y');
+      testFlag(a, isSticky);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('no flags', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hmm');
+      noFlags(a);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('all flags', function(done){
+      const a = new RegExp('hello', 'misguy');
+      allFlags(a);
+      done();
+    })
+    it('lastIndex', function(done) {
+      const a = new RegExp('hi', 'g');
+      lastIndex(a);
+      done();
+    })
+  })
+})
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/rimraf/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f116f1414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# v3.0
+
+- Add `--preserve-root` option to executable (default true)
+- Drop support for Node.js below version 6
+
+# v2.7
+
+- Make `glob` an optional dependency
+
+# 2.6
+
+- Retry on EBUSY on non-windows platforms as well
+- Make `rimraf.sync` 10000% more reliable on Windows
+
+# 2.5
+
+- Handle Windows EPERM when lstat-ing read-only dirs
+- Add glob option to pass options to glob
+
+# 2.4
+
+- Add EPERM to delay/retry loop
+- Add `disableGlob` option
+
+# 2.3
+
+- Make maxBusyTries and emfileWait configurable
+- Handle weird SunOS unlink-dir issue
+- Glob the CLI arg for better Windows support
+
+# 2.2
+
+- Handle ENOENT properly on Windows
+- Allow overriding fs methods
+- Treat EPERM as indicative of non-empty dir
+- Remove optional graceful-fs dep
+- Consistently return null error instead of undefined on success
+- win32: Treat ENOTEMPTY the same as EBUSY
+- Add `rimraf` binary
+
+# 2.1
+
+- Fix SunOS error code for a non-empty directory
+- Try rmdir before readdir
+- Treat EISDIR like EPERM
+- Remove chmod
+- Remove lstat polyfill, node 0.7 is not supported
+
+# 2.0
+
+- Fix myGid call to check process.getgid
+- Simplify the EBUSY backoff logic.
+- Use fs.lstat in node >= 0.7.9
+- Remove gently option
+- remove fiber implementation
+- Delete files that are marked read-only
+
+# 1.0
+
+- Allow ENOENT in sync method
+- Throw when no callback is provided
+- Make opts.gently an absolute path
+- use 'stat' if 'lstat' is not available
+- Consistent error naming, and rethrow non-ENOENT stat errors
+- add fiber implementation
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/rimraf/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/rimraf/README.md b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..423b8cf85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/rimraf.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/rimraf) [![Dependency Status](https://david-dm.org/isaacs/rimraf.svg)](https://david-dm.org/isaacs/rimraf) [![devDependency Status](https://david-dm.org/isaacs/rimraf/dev-status.svg)](https://david-dm.org/isaacs/rimraf#info=devDependencies)
+
+The [UNIX command](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rm_(Unix)) `rm -rf` for node.
+
+Install with `npm install rimraf`, or just drop rimraf.js somewhere.
+
+## API
+
+`rimraf(f, [opts], callback)`
+
+The first parameter will be interpreted as a globbing pattern for files. If you
+want to disable globbing you can do so with `opts.disableGlob` (defaults to
+`false`). This might be handy, for instance, if you have filenames that contain
+globbing wildcard characters.
+
+The callback will be called with an error if there is one.  Certain
+errors are handled for you:
+
+* Windows: `EBUSY` and `ENOTEMPTY` - rimraf will back off a maximum of
+  `opts.maxBusyTries` times before giving up, adding 100ms of wait
+  between each attempt.  The default `maxBusyTries` is 3.
+* `ENOENT` - If the file doesn't exist, rimraf will return
+  successfully, since your desired outcome is already the case.
+* `EMFILE` - Since `readdir` requires opening a file descriptor, it's
+  possible to hit `EMFILE` if too many file descriptors are in use.
+  In the sync case, there's nothing to be done for this.  But in the
+  async case, rimraf will gradually back off with timeouts up to
+  `opts.emfileWait` ms, which defaults to 1000.
+
+## options
+
+* unlink, chmod, stat, lstat, rmdir, readdir,
+  unlinkSync, chmodSync, statSync, lstatSync, rmdirSync, readdirSync
+
+    In order to use a custom file system library, you can override
+    specific fs functions on the options object.
+
+    If any of these functions are present on the options object, then
+    the supplied function will be used instead of the default fs
+    method.
+
+    Sync methods are only relevant for `rimraf.sync()`, of course.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```javascript
+    var myCustomFS = require('some-custom-fs')
+
+    rimraf('some-thing', myCustomFS, callback)
+    ```
+
+* maxBusyTries
+
+    If an `EBUSY`, `ENOTEMPTY`, or `EPERM` error code is encountered
+    on Windows systems, then rimraf will retry with a linear backoff
+    wait of 100ms longer on each try.  The default maxBusyTries is 3.
+
+    Only relevant for async usage.
+
+* emfileWait
+
+    If an `EMFILE` error is encountered, then rimraf will retry
+    repeatedly with a linear backoff of 1ms longer on each try, until
+    the timeout counter hits this max.  The default limit is 1000.
+
+    If you repeatedly encounter `EMFILE` errors, then consider using
+    [graceful-fs](http://npm.im/graceful-fs) in your program.
+
+    Only relevant for async usage.
+
+* glob
+
+    Set to `false` to disable [glob](http://npm.im/glob) pattern
+    matching.
+
+    Set to an object to pass options to the glob module.  The default
+    glob options are `{ nosort: true, silent: true }`.
+
+    Glob version 6 is used in this module.
+
+    Relevant for both sync and async usage.
+
+* disableGlob
+
+    Set to any non-falsey value to disable globbing entirely.
+    (Equivalent to setting `glob: false`.)
+
+## rimraf.sync
+
+It can remove stuff synchronously, too.  But that's not so good.  Use
+the async API.  It's better.
+
+## CLI
+
+If installed with `npm install rimraf -g` it can be used as a global
+command `rimraf <path> [<path> ...]` which is useful for cross platform support.
+
+## mkdirp
+
+If you need to create a directory recursively, check out
+[mkdirp](https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp).
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/rimraf/bin.js b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/bin.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..023814cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/bin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+const rimraf = require('./')
+
+const path = require('path')
+
+const isRoot = arg => /^(\/|[a-zA-Z]:\\)$/.test(path.resolve(arg))
+const filterOutRoot = arg => {
+  const ok = preserveRoot === false || !isRoot(arg)
+  if (!ok) {
+    console.error(`refusing to remove ${arg}`)
+    console.error('Set --no-preserve-root to allow this')
+  }
+  return ok
+}
+
+let help = false
+let dashdash = false
+let noglob = false
+let preserveRoot = true
+const args = process.argv.slice(2).filter(arg => {
+  if (dashdash)
+    return !!arg
+  else if (arg === '--')
+    dashdash = true
+  else if (arg === '--no-glob' || arg === '-G')
+    noglob = true
+  else if (arg === '--glob' || arg === '-g')
+    noglob = false
+  else if (arg.match(/^(-+|\/)(h(elp)?|\?)$/))
+    help = true
+  else if (arg === '--preserve-root')
+    preserveRoot = true
+  else if (arg === '--no-preserve-root')
+    preserveRoot = false
+  else
+    return !!arg
+}).filter(arg => !preserveRoot || filterOutRoot(arg))
+
+const go = n => {
+  if (n >= args.length)
+    return
+  const options = noglob ? { glob: false } : {}
+  rimraf(args[n], options, er => {
+    if (er)
+      throw er
+    go(n+1)
+  })
+}
+
+if (help || args.length === 0) {
+  // If they didn't ask for help, then this is not a "success"
+  const log = help ? console.log : console.error
+  log('Usage: rimraf <path> [<path> ...]')
+  log('')
+  log('  Deletes all files and folders at "path" recursively.')
+  log('')
+  log('Options:')
+  log('')
+  log('  -h, --help          Display this usage info')
+  log('  -G, --no-glob       Do not expand glob patterns in arguments')
+  log('  -g, --glob          Expand glob patterns in arguments (default)')
+  log('  --preserve-root     Do not remove \'/\' (default)')
+  log('  --no-preserve-root  Do not treat \'/\' specially')
+  log('  --                  Stop parsing flags')
+  process.exit(help ? 0 : 1)
+} else
+  go(0)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/rimraf/package.json b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d4823542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "rimraf@^3.0.2",
+  "_id": "rimraf@3.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-JZkJMZkAGFFPP2YqXZXPbMlMBgsxzE8ILs4lMIX/2o0L9UBw9O/Y3o6wFw/i9YLapcUJWwqbi3kdxIPdC62TIA==",
+  "_location": "/rimraf",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "rimraf@^3.0.2",
+    "name": "rimraf",
+    "escapedName": "rimraf",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rimraf/-/rimraf-3.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "f1a5402ba6220ad52cc1282bac1ae3aa49fd061a",
+  "_spec": "rimraf@^3.0.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bin": {
+    "rimraf": "bin.js"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/rimraf/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "glob": "^7.1.3"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A deep deletion module for node (like `rm -rf`)",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mkdirp": "^0.5.1",
+    "tap": "^12.1.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "bin.js",
+    "rimraf.js"
+  ],
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/rimraf#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "rimraf.js",
+  "name": "rimraf",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/isaacs/rimraf.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/rimraf/rimraf.js b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/rimraf.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34da4171d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/rimraf/rimraf.js
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+const assert = require("assert")
+const path = require("path")
+const fs = require("fs")
+let glob = undefined
+try {
+  glob = require("glob")
+} catch (_err) {
+  // treat glob as optional.
+}
+
+const defaultGlobOpts = {
+  nosort: true,
+  silent: true
+}
+
+// for EMFILE handling
+let timeout = 0
+
+const isWindows = (process.platform === "win32")
+
+const defaults = options => {
+  const methods = [
+    'unlink',
+    'chmod',
+    'stat',
+    'lstat',
+    'rmdir',
+    'readdir'
+  ]
+  methods.forEach(m => {
+    options[m] = options[m] || fs[m]
+    m = m + 'Sync'
+    options[m] = options[m] || fs[m]
+  })
+
+  options.maxBusyTries = options.maxBusyTries || 3
+  options.emfileWait = options.emfileWait || 1000
+  if (options.glob === false) {
+    options.disableGlob = true
+  }
+  if (options.disableGlob !== true && glob === undefined) {
+    throw Error('glob dependency not found, set `options.disableGlob = true` if intentional')
+  }
+  options.disableGlob = options.disableGlob || false
+  options.glob = options.glob || defaultGlobOpts
+}
+
+const rimraf = (p, options, cb) => {
+  if (typeof options === 'function') {
+    cb = options
+    options = {}
+  }
+
+  assert(p, 'rimraf: missing path')
+  assert.equal(typeof p, 'string', 'rimraf: path should be a string')
+  assert.equal(typeof cb, 'function', 'rimraf: callback function required')
+  assert(options, 'rimraf: invalid options argument provided')
+  assert.equal(typeof options, 'object', 'rimraf: options should be object')
+
+  defaults(options)
+
+  let busyTries = 0
+  let errState = null
+  let n = 0
+
+  const next = (er) => {
+    errState = errState || er
+    if (--n === 0)
+      cb(errState)
+  }
+
+  const afterGlob = (er, results) => {
+    if (er)
+      return cb(er)
+
+    n = results.length
+    if (n === 0)
+      return cb()
+
+    results.forEach(p => {
+      const CB = (er) => {
+        if (er) {
+          if ((er.code === "EBUSY" || er.code === "ENOTEMPTY" || er.code === "EPERM") &&
+              busyTries < options.maxBusyTries) {
+            busyTries ++
+            // try again, with the same exact callback as this one.
+            return setTimeout(() => rimraf_(p, options, CB), busyTries * 100)
+          }
+
+          // this one won't happen if graceful-fs is used.
+          if (er.code === "EMFILE" && timeout < options.emfileWait) {
+            return setTimeout(() => rimraf_(p, options, CB), timeout ++)
+          }
+
+          // already gone
+          if (er.code === "ENOENT") er = null
+        }
+
+        timeout = 0
+        next(er)
+      }
+      rimraf_(p, options, CB)
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (options.disableGlob || !glob.hasMagic(p))
+    return afterGlob(null, [p])
+
+  options.lstat(p, (er, stat) => {
+    if (!er)
+      return afterGlob(null, [p])
+
+    glob(p, options.glob, afterGlob)
+  })
+
+}
+
+// Two possible strategies.
+// 1. Assume it's a file.  unlink it, then do the dir stuff on EPERM or EISDIR
+// 2. Assume it's a directory.  readdir, then do the file stuff on ENOTDIR
+//
+// Both result in an extra syscall when you guess wrong.  However, there
+// are likely far more normal files in the world than directories.  This
+// is based on the assumption that a the average number of files per
+// directory is >= 1.
+//
+// If anyone ever complains about this, then I guess the strategy could
+// be made configurable somehow.  But until then, YAGNI.
+const rimraf_ = (p, options, cb) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+  assert(typeof cb === 'function')
+
+  // sunos lets the root user unlink directories, which is... weird.
+  // so we have to lstat here and make sure it's not a dir.
+  options.lstat(p, (er, st) => {
+    if (er && er.code === "ENOENT")
+      return cb(null)
+
+    // Windows can EPERM on stat.  Life is suffering.
+    if (er && er.code === "EPERM" && isWindows)
+      fixWinEPERM(p, options, er, cb)
+
+    if (st && st.isDirectory())
+      return rmdir(p, options, er, cb)
+
+    options.unlink(p, er => {
+      if (er) {
+        if (er.code === "ENOENT")
+          return cb(null)
+        if (er.code === "EPERM")
+          return (isWindows)
+            ? fixWinEPERM(p, options, er, cb)
+            : rmdir(p, options, er, cb)
+        if (er.code === "EISDIR")
+          return rmdir(p, options, er, cb)
+      }
+      return cb(er)
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+const fixWinEPERM = (p, options, er, cb) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+  assert(typeof cb === 'function')
+
+  options.chmod(p, 0o666, er2 => {
+    if (er2)
+      cb(er2.code === "ENOENT" ? null : er)
+    else
+      options.stat(p, (er3, stats) => {
+        if (er3)
+          cb(er3.code === "ENOENT" ? null : er)
+        else if (stats.isDirectory())
+          rmdir(p, options, er, cb)
+        else
+          options.unlink(p, cb)
+      })
+  })
+}
+
+const fixWinEPERMSync = (p, options, er) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+
+  try {
+    options.chmodSync(p, 0o666)
+  } catch (er2) {
+    if (er2.code === "ENOENT")
+      return
+    else
+      throw er
+  }
+
+  let stats
+  try {
+    stats = options.statSync(p)
+  } catch (er3) {
+    if (er3.code === "ENOENT")
+      return
+    else
+      throw er
+  }
+
+  if (stats.isDirectory())
+    rmdirSync(p, options, er)
+  else
+    options.unlinkSync(p)
+}
+
+const rmdir = (p, options, originalEr, cb) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+  assert(typeof cb === 'function')
+
+  // try to rmdir first, and only readdir on ENOTEMPTY or EEXIST (SunOS)
+  // if we guessed wrong, and it's not a directory, then
+  // raise the original error.
+  options.rmdir(p, er => {
+    if (er && (er.code === "ENOTEMPTY" || er.code === "EEXIST" || er.code === "EPERM"))
+      rmkids(p, options, cb)
+    else if (er && er.code === "ENOTDIR")
+      cb(originalEr)
+    else
+      cb(er)
+  })
+}
+
+const rmkids = (p, options, cb) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+  assert(typeof cb === 'function')
+
+  options.readdir(p, (er, files) => {
+    if (er)
+      return cb(er)
+    let n = files.length
+    if (n === 0)
+      return options.rmdir(p, cb)
+    let errState
+    files.forEach(f => {
+      rimraf(path.join(p, f), options, er => {
+        if (errState)
+          return
+        if (er)
+          return cb(errState = er)
+        if (--n === 0)
+          options.rmdir(p, cb)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+// this looks simpler, and is strictly *faster*, but will
+// tie up the JavaScript thread and fail on excessively
+// deep directory trees.
+const rimrafSync = (p, options) => {
+  options = options || {}
+  defaults(options)
+
+  assert(p, 'rimraf: missing path')
+  assert.equal(typeof p, 'string', 'rimraf: path should be a string')
+  assert(options, 'rimraf: missing options')
+  assert.equal(typeof options, 'object', 'rimraf: options should be object')
+
+  let results
+
+  if (options.disableGlob || !glob.hasMagic(p)) {
+    results = [p]
+  } else {
+    try {
+      options.lstatSync(p)
+      results = [p]
+    } catch (er) {
+      results = glob.sync(p, options.glob)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!results.length)
+    return
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+    const p = results[i]
+
+    let st
+    try {
+      st = options.lstatSync(p)
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er.code === "ENOENT")
+        return
+
+      // Windows can EPERM on stat.  Life is suffering.
+      if (er.code === "EPERM" && isWindows)
+        fixWinEPERMSync(p, options, er)
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // sunos lets the root user unlink directories, which is... weird.
+      if (st && st.isDirectory())
+        rmdirSync(p, options, null)
+      else
+        options.unlinkSync(p)
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er.code === "ENOENT")
+        return
+      if (er.code === "EPERM")
+        return isWindows ? fixWinEPERMSync(p, options, er) : rmdirSync(p, options, er)
+      if (er.code !== "EISDIR")
+        throw er
+
+      rmdirSync(p, options, er)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const rmdirSync = (p, options, originalEr) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+
+  try {
+    options.rmdirSync(p)
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === "ENOENT")
+      return
+    if (er.code === "ENOTDIR")
+      throw originalEr
+    if (er.code === "ENOTEMPTY" || er.code === "EEXIST" || er.code === "EPERM")
+      rmkidsSync(p, options)
+  }
+}
+
+const rmkidsSync = (p, options) => {
+  assert(p)
+  assert(options)
+  options.readdirSync(p).forEach(f => rimrafSync(path.join(p, f), options))
+
+  // We only end up here once we got ENOTEMPTY at least once, and
+  // at this point, we are guaranteed to have removed all the kids.
+  // So, we know that it won't be ENOENT or ENOTDIR or anything else.
+  // try really hard to delete stuff on windows, because it has a
+  // PROFOUNDLY annoying habit of not closing handles promptly when
+  // files are deleted, resulting in spurious ENOTEMPTY errors.
+  const retries = isWindows ? 100 : 1
+  let i = 0
+  do {
+    let threw = true
+    try {
+      const ret = options.rmdirSync(p, options)
+      threw = false
+      return ret
+    } finally {
+      if (++i < retries && threw)
+        continue
+    }
+  } while (true)
+}
+
+module.exports = rimraf
+rimraf.sync = rimrafSync
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c068ceec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/README.md b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9a81afd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+# safe-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url]
+
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/feross/safe-buffer/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/feross/safe-buffer
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safe-buffer.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/safe-buffer.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
+[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
+[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
+
+#### Safer Node.js Buffer API
+
+**Use the new Node.js Buffer APIs (`Buffer.from`, `Buffer.alloc`,
+`Buffer.allocUnsafe`, `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow`) in all versions of Node.js.**
+
+**Uses the built-in implementation when available.**
+
+## install
+
+```
+npm install safe-buffer
+```
+
+## usage
+
+The goal of this package is to provide a safe replacement for the node.js `Buffer`.
+
+It's a drop-in replacement for `Buffer`. You can use it by adding one `require` line to
+the top of your node.js modules:
+
+```js
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+
+// Existing buffer code will continue to work without issues:
+
+new Buffer('hey', 'utf8')
+new Buffer([1, 2, 3], 'utf8')
+new Buffer(obj)
+new Buffer(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
+
+// But you can use these new explicit APIs to make clear what you want:
+
+Buffer.from('hey', 'utf8') // convert from many types to a Buffer
+Buffer.alloc(16) // create a zero-filled buffer (safe)
+Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
+```
+
+## api
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(array)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v3.0.0
+-->
+
+* `array` {Array}
+
+Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.from([0x62,0x75,0x66,0x66,0x65,0x72]);
+  // creates a new Buffer containing ASCII bytes
+  // ['b','u','f','f','e','r']
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `array` is not an `Array`.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `arrayBuffer` {ArrayBuffer} The `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` or
+  a `new ArrayBuffer()`
+* `byteOffset` {Number} Default: `0`
+* `length` {Number} Default: `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
+
+When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` instance,
+the newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the
+TypedArray.
+
+```js
+const arr = new Uint16Array(2);
+arr[0] = 5000;
+arr[1] = 4000;
+
+const buf = Buffer.from(arr.buffer); // shares the memory with arr;
+
+console.log(buf);
+  // Prints: <Buffer 88 13 a0 0f>
+
+// changing the TypedArray changes the Buffer also
+arr[1] = 6000;
+
+console.log(buf);
+  // Prints: <Buffer 88 13 70 17>
+```
+
+The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
+the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
+
+```js
+const ab = new ArrayBuffer(10);
+const buf = Buffer.from(ab, 0, 2);
+console.log(buf.length);
+  // Prints: 2
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `arrayBuffer` is not an `ArrayBuffer`.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(buffer)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v3.0.0
+-->
+
+* `buffer` {Buffer}
+
+Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
+
+```js
+const buf1 = Buffer.from('buffer');
+const buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);
+
+buf1[0] = 0x61;
+console.log(buf1.toString());
+  // 'auffer'
+console.log(buf2.toString());
+  // 'buffer' (copy is not changed)
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `buffer` is not a `Buffer`.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `str` {String} String to encode.
+* `encoding` {String} Encoding to use, Default: `'utf8'`
+
+Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `str`. If
+provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding.
+If not provided, `encoding` defaults to `'utf8'`.
+
+```js
+const buf1 = Buffer.from('this is a tést');
+console.log(buf1.toString());
+  // prints: this is a tést
+console.log(buf1.toString('ascii'));
+  // prints: this is a tC)st
+
+const buf2 = Buffer.from('7468697320697320612074c3a97374', 'hex');
+console.log(buf2.toString());
+  // prints: this is a tést
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `str` is not a string.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `size` {Number}
+* `fill` {Value} Default: `undefined`
+* `encoding` {String} Default: `utf8`
+
+Allocates a new `Buffer` of `size` bytes. If `fill` is `undefined`, the
+`Buffer` will be *zero-filled*.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc(5);
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
+```
+
+The `size` must be less than or equal to the value of
+`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
+`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
+be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
+
+If `fill` is specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be initialized by calling
+`buf.fill(fill)`. See [`buf.fill()`][] for more information.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc(5, 'a');
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 61 61 61 61 61>
+```
+
+If both `fill` and `encoding` are specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be
+initialized by calling `buf.fill(fill, encoding)`. For example:
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc(11, 'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=', 'base64');
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64>
+```
+
+Calling `Buffer.alloc(size)` can be significantly slower than the alternative
+`Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` but ensures that the newly created `Buffer` instance
+contents will *never contain sensitive data*.
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `size` {Number}
+
+Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* `Buffer` of `size` bytes.  The `size` must
+be less than or equal to the value of `require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit
+architectures, `kMaxLength` is `(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is
+thrown. A zero-length Buffer will be created if a `size` less than or equal to
+0 is specified.
+
+The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
+initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
+*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
+`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(5);
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 78 e0 82 02 01>
+  // (octets will be different, every time)
+buf.fill(0);
+console.log(buf);
+  // <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
+```
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
+
+Note that the `Buffer` module pre-allocates an internal `Buffer` instance of
+size `Buffer.poolSize` that is used as a pool for the fast allocation of new
+`Buffer` instances created using `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` (and the deprecated
+`new Buffer(size)` constructor) only when `size` is less than or equal to
+`Buffer.poolSize >> 1` (floor of `Buffer.poolSize` divided by two). The default
+value of `Buffer.poolSize` is `8192` but can be modified.
+
+Use of this pre-allocated internal memory pool is a key difference between
+calling `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` vs. `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)`.
+Specifically, `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` will *never* use the internal Buffer
+pool, while `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)` *will* use the internal
+Buffer pool if `size` is less than or equal to half `Buffer.poolSize`. The
+difference is subtle but can be important when an application requires the
+additional performance that `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` provides.
+
+### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size)
+<!-- YAML
+added: v5.10.0
+-->
+
+* `size` {Number}
+
+Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* and non-pooled `Buffer` of `size` bytes.  The
+`size` must be less than or equal to the value of
+`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
+`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
+be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
+
+The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
+initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
+*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
+`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
+
+When using `Buffer.allocUnsafe()` to allocate new `Buffer` instances,
+allocations under 4KB are, by default, sliced from a single pre-allocated
+`Buffer`. This allows applications to avoid the garbage collection overhead of
+creating many individually allocated Buffers. This approach improves both
+performance and memory usage by eliminating the need to track and cleanup as
+many `Persistent` objects.
+
+However, in the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of
+memory from a pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate
+to create an un-pooled Buffer instance using `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` then
+copy out the relevant bits.
+
+```js
+// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
+const store = [];
+
+socket.on('readable', () => {
+  const data = socket.read();
+  // allocate for retained data
+  const sb = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(10);
+  // copy the data into the new allocation
+  data.copy(sb, 0, 0, 10);
+  store.push(sb);
+});
+```
+
+Use of `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` should be used only as a last resort *after*
+a developer has observed undue memory retention in their applications.
+
+A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
+
+### All the Rest
+
+The rest of the `Buffer` API is exactly the same as in node.js.
+[See the docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html).
+
+
+## Related links
+
+- [Node.js issue: Buffer(number) is unsafe](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660)
+- [Node.js Enhancement Proposal: Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc/Buffer.zalloc/Buffer() soft-deprecate](https://github.com/nodejs/node-eps/pull/4)
+
+## Why is `Buffer` unsafe?
+
+Today, the node.js `Buffer` constructor is overloaded to handle many different argument
+types like `String`, `Array`, `Object`, `TypedArrayView` (`Uint8Array`, etc.),
+`ArrayBuffer`, and also `Number`.
+
+The API is optimized for convenience: you can throw any type at it, and it will try to do
+what you want.
+
+Because the Buffer constructor is so powerful, you often see code like this:
+
+```js
+// Convert UTF-8 strings to hex
+function toHex (str) {
+  return new Buffer(str).toString('hex')
+}
+```
+
+***But what happens if `toHex` is called with a `Number` argument?***
+
+### Remote Memory Disclosure
+
+If an attacker can make your program call the `Buffer` constructor with a `Number`
+argument, then they can make it allocate uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
+This could potentially disclose TLS private keys, user data, or database passwords.
+
+When the `Buffer` constructor is passed a `Number` argument, it returns an
+**UNINITIALIZED** block of memory of the specified `size`. When you create a `Buffer` like
+this, you **MUST** overwrite the contents before returning it to the user.
+
+From the [node.js docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_new_buffer_size):
+
+> `new Buffer(size)`
+>
+> - `size` Number
+>
+> The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is not initialized.
+> **The contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain sensitive
+> data.** Use `buf.fill(0)` to initialize a Buffer to zeroes.
+
+(Emphasis our own.)
+
+Whenever the programmer intended to create an uninitialized `Buffer` you often see code
+like this:
+
+```js
+var buf = new Buffer(16)
+
+// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
+for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+  buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
+}
+```
+
+
+### Would this ever be a problem in real code?
+
+Yes. It's surprisingly common to forget to check the type of your variables in a
+dynamically-typed language like JavaScript.
+
+Usually the consequences of assuming the wrong type is that your program crashes with an
+uncaught exception. But the failure mode for forgetting to check the type of arguments to
+the `Buffer` constructor is more catastrophic.
+
+Here's an example of a vulnerable service that takes a JSON payload and converts it to
+hex:
+
+```js
+// Take a JSON payload {str: "some string"} and convert it to hex
+var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var data = ''
+  req.setEncoding('utf8')
+  req.on('data', function (chunk) {
+    data += chunk
+  })
+  req.on('end', function () {
+    var body = JSON.parse(data)
+    res.end(new Buffer(body.str).toString('hex'))
+  })
+})
+
+server.listen(8080)
+```
+
+In this example, an http client just has to send:
+
+```json
+{
+  "str": 1000
+}
+```
+
+and it will get back 1,000 bytes of uninitialized memory from the server.
+
+This is a very serious bug. It's similar in severity to the
+[the Heartbleed bug](http://heartbleed.com/) that allowed disclosure of OpenSSL process
+memory by remote attackers.
+
+
+### Which real-world packages were vulnerable?
+
+#### [`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht)
+
+[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and I
+([Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/)) found this issue in one of our own packages,
+[`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht). The bug would allow
+anyone on the internet to send a series of messages to a user of `bittorrent-dht` and get
+them to reveal 20 bytes at a time of uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
+
+Here's
+[the commit](https://github.com/feross/bittorrent-dht/commit/6c7da04025d5633699800a99ec3fbadf70ad35b8)
+that fixed it. We released a new fixed version, created a
+[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68), and deprecated all
+vulnerable versions on npm so users will get a warning to upgrade to a newer version.
+
+#### [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws)
+
+That got us wondering if there were other vulnerable packages. Sure enough, within a short
+period of time, we found the same issue in [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws), the
+most popular WebSocket implementation in node.js.
+
+If certain APIs were called with `Number` parameters instead of `String` or `Buffer` as
+expected, then uninitialized server memory would be disclosed to the remote peer.
+
+These were the vulnerable methods:
+
+```js
+socket.send(number)
+socket.ping(number)
+socket.pong(number)
+```
+
+Here's a vulnerable socket server with some echo functionality:
+
+```js
+server.on('connection', function (socket) {
+  socket.on('message', function (message) {
+    message = JSON.parse(message)
+    if (message.type === 'echo') {
+      socket.send(message.data) // send back the user's message
+    }
+  })
+})
+```
+
+`socket.send(number)` called on the server, will disclose server memory.
+
+Here's [the release](https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1) where the issue
+was fixed, with a more detailed explanation. Props to
+[Arnout Kazemier](https://github.com/3rd-Eden) for the quick fix. Here's the
+[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67).
+
+
+### What's the solution?
+
+It's important that node.js offers a fast way to get memory otherwise performance-critical
+applications would needlessly get a lot slower.
+
+But we need a better way to *signal our intent* as programmers. **When we want
+uninitialized memory, we should request it explicitly.**
+
+Sensitive functionality should not be packed into a developer-friendly API that loosely
+accepts many different types. This type of API encourages the lazy practice of passing
+variables in without checking the type very carefully.
+
+#### A new API: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`
+
+The functionality of creating buffers with uninitialized memory should be part of another
+API. We propose `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`. This way, it's not part of an API that
+frequently gets user input of all sorts of different types passed into it.
+
+```js
+var buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // careful, uninitialized memory!
+
+// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
+for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+  buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
+}
+```
+
+
+### How do we fix node.js core?
+
+We sent [a PR to node.js core](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514) (merged as
+`semver-major`) which defends against one case:
+
+```js
+var str = 16
+new Buffer(str, 'utf8')
+```
+
+In this situation, it's implied that the programmer intended the first argument to be a
+string, since they passed an encoding as a second argument. Today, node.js will allocate
+uninitialized memory in the case of `new Buffer(number, encoding)`, which is probably not
+what the programmer intended.
+
+But this is only a partial solution, since if the programmer does `new Buffer(variable)`
+(without an `encoding` parameter) there's no way to know what they intended. If `variable`
+is sometimes a number, then uninitialized memory will sometimes be returned.
+
+### What's the real long-term fix?
+
+We could deprecate and remove `new Buffer(number)` and use `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` when
+we need uninitialized memory. But that would break 1000s of packages.
+
+~~We believe the best solution is to:~~
+
+~~1. Change `new Buffer(number)` to return safe, zeroed-out memory~~
+
+~~2. Create a new API for creating uninitialized Buffers. We propose: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`~~
+
+#### Update
+
+We now support adding three new APIs:
+
+- `Buffer.from(value)` - convert from any type to a buffer
+- `Buffer.alloc(size)` - create a zero-filled buffer
+- `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` - create an uninitialized buffer with given size
+
+This solves the core problem that affected `ws` and `bittorrent-dht` which is
+`Buffer(variable)` getting tricked into taking a number argument.
+
+This way, existing code continues working and the impact on the npm ecosystem will be
+minimal. Over time, npm maintainers can migrate performance-critical code to use
+`Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` instead of `new Buffer(number)`.
+
+
+### Conclusion
+
+We think there's a serious design issue with the `Buffer` API as it exists today. It
+promotes insecure software by putting high-risk functionality into a convenient API
+with friendly "developer ergonomics".
+
+This wasn't merely a theoretical exercise because we found the issue in some of the
+most popular npm packages.
+
+Fortunately, there's an easy fix that can be applied today. Use `safe-buffer` in place of
+`buffer`.
+
+```js
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+```
+
+Eventually, we hope that node.js core can switch to this new, safer behavior. We believe
+the impact on the ecosystem would be minimal since it's not a breaking change.
+Well-maintained, popular packages would be updated to use `Buffer.alloc` quickly, while
+older, insecure packages would magically become safe from this attack vector.
+
+
+## links
+
+- [Node.js PR: buffer: throw if both length and enc are passed](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514)
+- [Node Security Project disclosure for `ws`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)
+- [Node Security Project disclosure for`bittorrent-dht`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)
+
+
+## credit
+
+The original issues in `bittorrent-dht`
+([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)) and
+`ws` ([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)) were discovered by
+[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and
+[Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/).
+
+Thanks to [Adam Baldwin](https://github.com/evilpacket) for helping disclose these issues
+and for his work running the [Node Security Project](https://nodesecurity.io/).
+
+Thanks to [John Hiesey](https://github.com/jhiesey) for proofreading this README and
+auditing the code.
+
+
+## license
+
+MIT. Copyright (C) [Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9fed809a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+declare module "safe-buffer" {
+  export class Buffer {
+    length: number
+    write(string: string, offset?: number, length?: number, encoding?: string): number;
+    toString(encoding?: string, start?: number, end?: number): string;
+    toJSON(): { type: 'Buffer', data: any[] };
+    equals(otherBuffer: Buffer): boolean;
+    compare(otherBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, targetEnd?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
+    copy(targetBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
+    slice(start?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
+    writeUIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readUInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readFloatLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readFloatBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readDoubleLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    readDoubleBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    swap16(): Buffer;
+    swap32(): Buffer;
+    swap64(): Buffer;
+    writeUInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeUInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeFloatLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeFloatBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeDoubleLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    writeDoubleBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
+    fill(value: any, offset?: number, end?: number): this;
+    indexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
+    lastIndexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
+    includes(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): boolean;
+
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {str}.
+     *
+     * @param str String to store in buffer.
+     * @param encoding encoding to use, optional.  Default is 'utf8'
+     */
+     constructor (str: string, encoding?: string);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate.
+     */
+    constructor (size: number);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array The octets to store.
+     */
+    constructor (array: Uint8Array);
+    /**
+     * Produces a Buffer backed by the same allocated memory as
+     * the given {ArrayBuffer}.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param arrayBuffer The ArrayBuffer with which to share memory.
+     */
+    constructor (arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer);
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array The octets to store.
+     */
+    constructor (array: any[]);
+    /**
+     * Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new {Buffer} instance.
+     *
+     * @param buffer The buffer to copy.
+     */
+    constructor (buffer: Buffer);
+    prototype: Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new Buffer using an {array} of octets.
+     *
+     * @param array
+     */
+    static from(array: any[]): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * When passed a reference to the .buffer property of a TypedArray instance,
+     * the newly created Buffer will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
+     * The optional {byteOffset} and {length} arguments specify a memory range
+     * within the {arrayBuffer} that will be shared by the Buffer.
+     *
+     * @param arrayBuffer The .buffer property of a TypedArray or a new ArrayBuffer()
+     * @param byteOffset
+     * @param length
+     */
+    static from(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset?: number, length?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new Buffer instance.
+     *
+     * @param buffer
+     */
+    static from(buffer: Buffer): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Buffer containing the given JavaScript string {str}.
+     * If provided, the {encoding} parameter identifies the character encoding.
+     * If not provided, {encoding} defaults to 'utf8'.
+     *
+     * @param str
+     */
+    static from(str: string, encoding?: string): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {obj} is a Buffer
+     *
+     * @param obj object to test.
+     */
+    static isBuffer(obj: any): obj is Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Returns true if {encoding} is a valid encoding argument.
+     * Valid string encodings in Node 0.12: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
+     *
+     * @param encoding string to test.
+     */
+    static isEncoding(encoding: string): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Gives the actual byte length of a string. encoding defaults to 'utf8'.
+     * This is not the same as String.prototype.length since that returns the number of characters in a string.
+     *
+     * @param string string to test.
+     * @param encoding encoding used to evaluate (defaults to 'utf8')
+     */
+    static byteLength(string: string, encoding?: string): number;
+    /**
+     * Returns a buffer which is the result of concatenating all the buffers in the list together.
+     *
+     * If the list has no items, or if the totalLength is 0, then it returns a zero-length buffer.
+     * If the list has exactly one item, then the first item of the list is returned.
+     * If the list has more than one item, then a new Buffer is created.
+     *
+     * @param list An array of Buffer objects to concatenate
+     * @param totalLength Total length of the buffers when concatenated.
+     *   If totalLength is not provided, it is read from the buffers in the list. However, this adds an additional loop to the function, so it is faster to provide the length explicitly.
+     */
+    static concat(list: Buffer[], totalLength?: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * The same as buf1.compare(buf2).
+     */
+    static compare(buf1: Buffer, buf2: Buffer): number;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate.
+     * @param fill if specified, buffer will be initialized by calling buf.fill(fill).
+     *    If parameter is omitted, buffer will be filled with zeros.
+     * @param encoding encoding used for call to buf.fill while initalizing
+     */
+    static alloc(size: number, fill?: string | Buffer | number, encoding?: string): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
+     * of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate
+     */
+    static allocUnsafe(size: number): Buffer;
+    /**
+     * Allocates a new non-pooled buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
+     * of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
+     *
+     * @param size count of octets to allocate
+     */
+    static allocUnsafeSlow(size: number): Buffer;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.js b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22438dabb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
+var buffer = require('buffer')
+var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
+
+// alternative to using Object.keys for old browsers
+function copyProps (src, dst) {
+  for (var key in src) {
+    dst[key] = src[key]
+  }
+}
+if (Buffer.from && Buffer.alloc && Buffer.allocUnsafe && Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow) {
+  module.exports = buffer
+} else {
+  // Copy properties from require('buffer')
+  copyProps(buffer, exports)
+  exports.Buffer = SafeBuffer
+}
+
+function SafeBuffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+}
+
+// Copy static methods from Buffer
+copyProps(Buffer, SafeBuffer)
+
+SafeBuffer.from = function (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+  if (typeof arg === 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must not be a number')
+  }
+  return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
+  }
+  var buf = Buffer(size)
+  if (fill !== undefined) {
+    if (typeof encoding === 'string') {
+      buf.fill(fill, encoding)
+    } else {
+      buf.fill(fill)
+    }
+  } else {
+    buf.fill(0)
+  }
+  return buf
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
+  }
+  return Buffer(size)
+}
+
+SafeBuffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
+  if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
+  }
+  return buffer.SlowBuffer(size)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/package.json b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0be1494fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safe-buffer/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
+  "_id": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-Gd2UZBJDkXlY7GbJxfsE8/nvKkUEU1G38c1siN6QP6a9PT9MmHB8GnpscSmMJSoF8LOIrt8ud/wPtojys4G6+g==",
+  "_location": "/safe-buffer",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
+    "name": "safe-buffer",
+    "escapedName": "safe-buffer",
+    "rawSpec": "5.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "5.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/content-disposition",
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "991ec69d296e0313747d59bdfd2b745c35f8828d",
+  "_spec": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Feross Aboukhadijeh",
+    "email": "feross@feross.org",
+    "url": "http://feross.org"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Safer Node.js Buffer API",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "*",
+    "tape": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer",
+  "keywords": [
+    "buffer",
+    "buffer allocate",
+    "node security",
+    "safe",
+    "safe-buffer",
+    "security",
+    "uninitialized"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "safe-buffer",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/feross/safe-buffer.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tape test/*.js"
+  },
+  "types": "index.d.ts",
+  "version": "5.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fe9e6f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Nikita Skovoroda <chalkerx@gmail.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/Porting-Buffer.md b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/Porting-Buffer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68d86bab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/Porting-Buffer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+# Porting to the Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc API
+
+<a id="overview"></a>
+## Overview
+
+- [Variant 1: Drop support for Node.js ≤ 4.4.x and 5.0.0 — 5.9.x.](#variant-1) (*recommended*)
+- [Variant 2: Use a polyfill](#variant-2)
+- [Variant 3: manual detection, with safeguards](#variant-3)
+
+### Finding problematic bits of code using grep
+
+Just run `grep -nrE '[^a-zA-Z](Slow)?Buffer\s*\(' --exclude-dir node_modules`.
+
+It will find all the potentially unsafe places in your own code (with some considerably unlikely
+exceptions).
+
+### Finding problematic bits of code using Node.js 8
+
+If you’re using Node.js ≥ 8.0.0 (which is recommended), Node.js exposes multiple options that help with finding the relevant pieces of code:
+
+- `--trace-warnings` will make Node.js show a stack trace for this warning and other warnings that are printed by Node.js.
+- `--trace-deprecation` does the same thing, but only for deprecation warnings.
+- `--pending-deprecation` will show more types of deprecation warnings. In particular, it will show the `Buffer()` deprecation warning, even on Node.js 8.
+
+You can set these flags using an environment variable:
+
+```console
+$ export NODE_OPTIONS='--trace-warnings --pending-deprecation'
+$ cat example.js
+'use strict';
+const foo = new Buffer('foo');
+$ node example.js
+(node:7147) [DEP0005] DeprecationWarning: The Buffer() and new Buffer() constructors are not recommended for use due to security and usability concerns. Please use the new Buffer.alloc(), Buffer.allocUnsafe(), or Buffer.from() construction methods instead.
+    at showFlaggedDeprecation (buffer.js:127:13)
+    at new Buffer (buffer.js:148:3)
+    at Object.<anonymous> (/path/to/example.js:2:13)
+    [... more stack trace lines ...]
+```
+
+### Finding problematic bits of code using linters
+
+Eslint rules [no-buffer-constructor](https://eslint.org/docs/rules/no-buffer-constructor)
+or
+[node/no-deprecated-api](https://github.com/mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node/blob/master/docs/rules/no-deprecated-api.md)
+also find calls to deprecated `Buffer()` API. Those rules are included in some pre-sets.
+
+There is a drawback, though, that it doesn't always
+[work correctly](https://github.com/chalker/safer-buffer#why-not-safe-buffer) when `Buffer` is
+overriden e.g. with a polyfill, so recommended is a combination of this and some other method
+described above.
+
+<a id="variant-1"></a>
+## Variant 1: Drop support for Node.js ≤ 4.4.x and 5.0.0 — 5.9.x.
+
+This is the recommended solution nowadays that would imply only minimal overhead.
+
+The Node.js 5.x release line has been unsupported since July 2016, and the Node.js 4.x release line reaches its End of Life in April 2018 (→ [Schedule](https://github.com/nodejs/Release#release-schedule)). This means that these versions of Node.js will *not* receive any updates, even in case of security issues, so using these release lines should be avoided, if at all possible.
+
+What you would do in this case is to convert all `new Buffer()` or `Buffer()` calls to use `Buffer.alloc()` or `Buffer.from()`, in the following way:
+
+- For `new Buffer(number)`, replace it with `Buffer.alloc(number)`.
+- For `new Buffer(string)` (or `new Buffer(string, encoding)`), replace it with `Buffer.from(string)` (or `Buffer.from(string, encoding)`).
+- For all other combinations of arguments (these are much rarer), also replace `new Buffer(...arguments)` with `Buffer.from(...arguments)`.
+
+Note that `Buffer.alloc()` is also _faster_ on the current Node.js versions than
+`new Buffer(size).fill(0)`, which is what you would otherwise need to ensure zero-filling.
+
+Enabling eslint rule [no-buffer-constructor](https://eslint.org/docs/rules/no-buffer-constructor)
+or
+[node/no-deprecated-api](https://github.com/mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node/blob/master/docs/rules/no-deprecated-api.md)
+is recommended to avoid accidential unsafe Buffer API usage.
+
+There is also a [JSCodeshift codemod](https://github.com/joyeecheung/node-dep-codemod#dep005)
+for automatically migrating Buffer constructors to `Buffer.alloc()` or `Buffer.from()`.
+Note that it currently only works with cases where the arguments are literals or where the
+constructor is invoked with two arguments.
+
+_If you currently support those older Node.js versions and dropping them would be a semver-major change
+for you, or if you support older branches of your packages, consider using [Variant 2](#variant-2)
+or [Variant 3](#variant-3) on older branches, so people using those older branches will also receive
+the fix. That way, you will eradicate potential issues caused by unguarded Buffer API usage and
+your users will not observe a runtime deprecation warning when running your code on Node.js 10._
+
+<a id="variant-2"></a>
+## Variant 2: Use a polyfill
+
+Utilize [safer-buffer](https://www.npmjs.com/package/safer-buffer) as a polyfill to support older
+Node.js versions.
+
+You would take exacly the same steps as in [Variant 1](#variant-1), but with a polyfill
+`const Buffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` in all files where you use the new `Buffer` api.
+
+Make sure that you do not use old `new Buffer` API — in any files where the line above is added,
+using old `new Buffer()` API will _throw_. It will be easy to notice that in CI, though.
+
+Alternatively, you could use [buffer-from](https://www.npmjs.com/package/buffer-from) and/or
+[buffer-alloc](https://www.npmjs.com/package/buffer-alloc) [ponyfills](https://ponyfill.com/) —
+those are great, the only downsides being 4 deps in the tree and slightly more code changes to
+migrate off them (as you would be using e.g. `Buffer.from` under a different name). If you need only
+`Buffer.from` polyfilled — `buffer-from` alone which comes with no extra dependencies.
+
+_Alternatively, you could use [safe-buffer](https://www.npmjs.com/package/safe-buffer) — it also
+provides a polyfill, but takes a different approach which has
+[it's drawbacks](https://github.com/chalker/safer-buffer#why-not-safe-buffer). It will allow you
+to also use the older `new Buffer()` API in your code, though — but that's arguably a benefit, as
+it is problematic, can cause issues in your code, and will start emitting runtime deprecation
+warnings starting with Node.js 10._
+
+Note that in either case, it is important that you also remove all calls to the old Buffer
+API manually — just throwing in `safe-buffer` doesn't fix the problem by itself, it just provides
+a polyfill for the new API. I have seen people doing that mistake.
+
+Enabling eslint rule [no-buffer-constructor](https://eslint.org/docs/rules/no-buffer-constructor)
+or
+[node/no-deprecated-api](https://github.com/mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node/blob/master/docs/rules/no-deprecated-api.md)
+is recommended.
+
+_Don't forget to drop the polyfill usage once you drop support for Node.js < 4.5.0._
+
+<a id="variant-3"></a>
+## Variant 3 — manual detection, with safeguards
+
+This is useful if you create Buffer instances in only a few places (e.g. one), or you have your own
+wrapper around them.
+
+### Buffer(0)
+
+This special case for creating empty buffers can be safely replaced with `Buffer.concat([])`, which
+returns the same result all the way down to Node.js 0.8.x.
+
+### Buffer(notNumber)
+
+Before:
+
+```js
+var buf = new Buffer(notNumber, encoding);
+```
+
+After:
+
+```js
+var buf;
+if (Buffer.from && Buffer.from !== Uint8Array.from) {
+  buf = Buffer.from(notNumber, encoding);
+} else {
+  if (typeof notNumber === 'number')
+    throw new Error('The "size" argument must be of type number.');
+  buf = new Buffer(notNumber, encoding);
+}
+```
+
+`encoding` is optional.
+
+Note that the `typeof notNumber` before `new Buffer` is required (for cases when `notNumber` argument is not
+hard-coded) and _is not caused by the deprecation of Buffer constructor_ — it's exactly _why_ the
+Buffer constructor is deprecated. Ecosystem packages lacking this type-check caused numereous
+security issues — situations when unsanitized user input could end up in the `Buffer(arg)` create
+problems ranging from DoS to leaking sensitive information to the attacker from the process memory.
+
+When `notNumber` argument is hardcoded (e.g. literal `"abc"` or `[0,1,2]`), the `typeof` check can
+be omitted.
+
+Also note that using TypeScript does not fix this problem for you — when libs written in
+`TypeScript` are used from JS, or when user input ends up there — it behaves exactly as pure JS, as
+all type checks are translation-time only and are not present in the actual JS code which TS
+compiles to.
+
+### Buffer(number)
+
+For Node.js 0.10.x (and below) support:
+
+```js
+var buf;
+if (Buffer.alloc) {
+  buf = Buffer.alloc(number);
+} else {
+  buf = new Buffer(number);
+  buf.fill(0);
+}
+```
+
+Otherwise (Node.js ≥ 0.12.x):
+
+```js
+const buf = Buffer.alloc ? Buffer.alloc(number) : new Buffer(number).fill(0);
+```
+
+## Regarding Buffer.allocUnsafe
+
+Be extra cautious when using `Buffer.allocUnsafe`:
+ * Don't use it if you don't have a good reason to
+   * e.g. you probably won't ever see a performance difference for small buffers, in fact, those
+     might be even faster with `Buffer.alloc()`,
+   * if your code is not in the hot code path — you also probably won't notice a difference,
+   * keep in mind that zero-filling minimizes the potential risks.
+ * If you use it, make sure that you never return the buffer in a partially-filled state,
+   * if you are writing to it sequentially — always truncate it to the actuall written length
+
+Errors in handling buffers allocated with `Buffer.allocUnsafe` could result in various issues,
+ranged from undefined behaviour of your code to sensitive data (user input, passwords, certs)
+leaking to the remote attacker.
+
+_Note that the same applies to `new Buffer` usage without zero-filling, depending on the Node.js
+version (and lacking type checks also adds DoS to the list of potential problems)._
+
+<a id="faq"></a>
+## FAQ
+
+<a id="design-flaws"></a>
+### What is wrong with the `Buffer` constructor?
+
+The `Buffer` constructor could be used to create a buffer in many different ways:
+
+- `new Buffer(42)` creates a `Buffer` of 42 bytes. Before Node.js 8, this buffer contained
+  *arbitrary memory* for performance reasons, which could include anything ranging from
+  program source code to passwords and encryption keys.
+- `new Buffer('abc')` creates a `Buffer` that contains the UTF-8-encoded version of
+  the string `'abc'`. A second argument could specify another encoding: For example,
+  `new Buffer(string, 'base64')` could be used to convert a Base64 string into the original
+  sequence of bytes that it represents.
+- There are several other combinations of arguments.
+
+This meant that, in code like `var buffer = new Buffer(foo);`, *it is not possible to tell
+what exactly the contents of the generated buffer are* without knowing the type of `foo`.
+
+Sometimes, the value of `foo` comes from an external source. For example, this function
+could be exposed as a service on a web server, converting a UTF-8 string into its Base64 form:
+
+```
+function stringToBase64(req, res) {
+  // The request body should have the format of `{ string: 'foobar' }`
+  const rawBytes = new Buffer(req.body.string)
+  const encoded = rawBytes.toString('base64')
+  res.end({ encoded: encoded })
+}
+```
+
+Note that this code does *not* validate the type of `req.body.string`:
+
+- `req.body.string` is expected to be a string. If this is the case, all goes well.
+- `req.body.string` is controlled by the client that sends the request.
+- If `req.body.string` is the *number* `50`, the `rawBytes` would be 50 bytes:
+  - Before Node.js 8, the content would be uninitialized
+  - After Node.js 8, the content would be `50` bytes with the value `0`
+
+Because of the missing type check, an attacker could intentionally send a number
+as part of the request. Using this, they can either:
+
+- Read uninitialized memory. This **will** leak passwords, encryption keys and other
+  kinds of sensitive information. (Information leak)
+- Force the program to allocate a large amount of memory. For example, when specifying
+  `500000000` as the input value, each request will allocate 500MB of memory.
+  This can be used to either exhaust the memory available of a program completely
+  and make it crash, or slow it down significantly. (Denial of Service)
+
+Both of these scenarios are considered serious security issues in a real-world
+web server context.
+
+when using `Buffer.from(req.body.string)` instead, passing a number will always
+throw an exception instead, giving a controlled behaviour that can always be
+handled by the program.
+
+<a id="ecosystem-usage"></a>
+### The `Buffer()` constructor has been deprecated for a while. Is this really an issue?
+
+Surveys of code in the `npm` ecosystem have shown that the `Buffer()` constructor is still
+widely used. This includes new code, and overall usage of such code has actually been
+*increasing*.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/Readme.md b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/Readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14b082290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/Readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# safer-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url] [![Security Responsible Disclosure][secuirty-image]][secuirty-url]
+
+[travis-image]: https://travis-ci.org/ChALkeR/safer-buffer.svg?branch=master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/ChALkeR/safer-buffer
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safer-buffer.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safer-buffer
+[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
+[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
+[secuirty-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Security-Responsible%20Disclosure-green.svg
+[secuirty-url]: https://github.com/nodejs/security-wg/blob/master/processes/responsible_disclosure_template.md
+
+Modern Buffer API polyfill without footguns, working on Node.js from 0.8 to current.
+
+## How to use?
+
+First, port all `Buffer()` and `new Buffer()` calls to `Buffer.alloc()` and `Buffer.from()` API.
+
+Then, to achieve compatibility with outdated Node.js versions (`<4.5.0` and 5.x `<5.9.0`), use
+`const Buffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` in all files where you make calls to the new
+Buffer API. _Use `var` instead of `const` if you need that for your Node.js version range support._
+
+Also, see the
+[porting Buffer](https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer/blob/master/Porting-Buffer.md) guide.
+
+## Do I need it?
+
+Hopefully, not — dropping support for outdated Node.js versions should be fine nowdays, and that
+is the recommended path forward. You _do_ need to port to the `Buffer.alloc()` and `Buffer.from()`
+though.
+
+See the [porting guide](https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer/blob/master/Porting-Buffer.md)
+for a better description.
+
+## Why not [safe-buffer](https://npmjs.com/safe-buffer)?
+
+_In short: while `safe-buffer` serves as a polyfill for the new API, it allows old API usage and
+itself contains footguns._
+
+`safe-buffer` could be used safely to get the new API while still keeping support for older
+Node.js versions (like this module), but while analyzing ecosystem usage of the old Buffer API
+I found out that `safe-buffer` is itself causing problems in some cases.
+
+For example, consider the following snippet:
+
+```console
+$ cat example.unsafe.js
+console.log(Buffer(20))
+$ ./node-v6.13.0-linux-x64/bin/node example.unsafe.js
+<Buffer 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 13 de 02 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00>
+$ standard example.unsafe.js
+standard: Use JavaScript Standard Style (https://standardjs.com)
+  /home/chalker/repo/safer-buffer/example.unsafe.js:2:13: 'Buffer()' was deprecated since v6. Use 'Buffer.alloc()' or 'Buffer.from()' (use 'https://www.npmjs.com/package/safe-buffer' for '<4.5.0') instead.
+```
+
+This is allocates and writes to console an uninitialized chunk of memory.
+[standard](https://www.npmjs.com/package/standard) linter (among others) catch that and warn people
+to avoid using unsafe API.
+
+Let's now throw in `safe-buffer`!
+
+```console
+$ cat example.safe-buffer.js
+const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
+console.log(Buffer(20))
+$ standard example.safe-buffer.js
+$ ./node-v6.13.0-linux-x64/bin/node example.safe-buffer.js
+<Buffer 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 58 01 82 fe 7f 00 00 00 00 00 00>
+```
+
+See the problem? Adding in `safe-buffer` _magically removes the lint warning_, but the behavior
+remains identiсal to what we had before, and when launched on Node.js 6.x LTS — this dumps out
+chunks of uninitialized memory.
+_And this code will still emit runtime warnings on Node.js 10.x and above._
+
+That was done by design. I first considered changing `safe-buffer`, prohibiting old API usage or
+emitting warnings on it, but that significantly diverges from `safe-buffer` design. After some
+discussion, it was decided to move my approach into a separate package, and _this is that separate
+package_.
+
+This footgun is not imaginary — I observed top-downloaded packages doing that kind of thing,
+«fixing» the lint warning by blindly including `safe-buffer` without any actual changes.
+
+Also in some cases, even if the API _was_ migrated to use of safe Buffer API — a random pull request
+can bring unsafe Buffer API usage back to the codebase by adding new calls — and that could go
+unnoticed even if you have a linter prohibiting that (becase of the reason stated above), and even
+pass CI. _I also observed that being done in popular packages._
+
+Some examples:
+ * [webdriverio](https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/commit/05cbd3167c12e4930f09ef7cf93b127ba4effae4#diff-124380949022817b90b622871837d56cR31)
+   (a module with 548 759 downloads/month),
+ * [websocket-stream](https://github.com/maxogden/websocket-stream/commit/c9312bd24d08271687d76da0fe3c83493871cf61)
+   (218 288 d/m, fix in [maxogden/websocket-stream#142](https://github.com/maxogden/websocket-stream/pull/142)),
+ * [node-serialport](https://github.com/node-serialport/node-serialport/commit/e8d9d2b16c664224920ce1c895199b1ce2def48c)
+   (113 138 d/m, fix in [node-serialport/node-serialport#1510](https://github.com/node-serialport/node-serialport/pull/1510)),
+ * [karma](https://github.com/karma-runner/karma/commit/3d94b8cf18c695104ca195334dc75ff054c74eec)
+   (3 973 193 d/m, fix in [karma-runner/karma#2947](https://github.com/karma-runner/karma/pull/2947)),
+ * [spdy-transport](https://github.com/spdy-http2/spdy-transport/commit/5375ac33f4a62a4f65bcfc2827447d42a5dbe8b1)
+   (5 970 727 d/m, fix in [spdy-http2/spdy-transport#53](https://github.com/spdy-http2/spdy-transport/pull/53)).
+ * And there are a lot more over the ecosystem.
+
+I filed a PR at
+[mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node#110](https://github.com/mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node/pull/110) to
+partially fix that (for cases when that lint rule is used), but it is a semver-major change for
+linter rules and presets, so it would take significant time for that to reach actual setups.
+_It also hasn't been released yet (2018-03-20)._
+
+Also, `safer-buffer` discourages the usage of `.allocUnsafe()`, which is often done by a mistake.
+It still supports it with an explicit concern barier, by placing it under
+`require('safer-buffer/dangereous')`.
+
+## But isn't throwing bad?
+
+Not really. It's an error that could be noticed and fixed early, instead of causing havoc later like
+unguarded `new Buffer()` calls that end up receiving user input can do.
+
+This package affects only the files where `var Buffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` was done, so
+it is really simple to keep track of things and make sure that you don't mix old API usage with that.
+Also, CI should hint anything that you might have missed.
+
+New commits, if tested, won't land new usage of unsafe Buffer API this way.
+_Node.js 10.x also deals with that by printing a runtime depecation warning._
+
+### Would it affect third-party modules?
+
+No, unless you explicitly do an awful thing like monkey-patching or overriding the built-in `Buffer`.
+Don't do that.
+
+### But I don't want throwing…
+
+That is also fine!
+
+Also, it could be better in some cases when you don't comprehensive enough test coverage.
+
+In that case — just don't override `Buffer` and use
+`var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` instead.
+
+That way, everything using `Buffer` natively would still work, but there would be two drawbacks:
+
+* `Buffer.from`/`Buffer.alloc` won't be polyfilled — use `SaferBuffer.from` and
+  `SaferBuffer.alloc` instead.
+* You are still open to accidentally using the insecure deprecated API — use a linter to catch that.
+
+Note that using a linter to catch accidential `Buffer` constructor usage in this case is strongly
+recommended. `Buffer` is not overriden in this usecase, so linters won't get confused.
+
+## «Without footguns»?
+
+Well, it is still possible to do _some_ things with `Buffer` API, e.g. accessing `.buffer` property
+on older versions and duping things from there. You shouldn't do that in your code, probabably.
+
+The intention is to remove the most significant footguns that affect lots of packages in the
+ecosystem, and to do it in the proper way.
+
+Also, this package doesn't protect against security issues affecting some Node.js versions, so for
+usage in your own production code, it is still recommended to update to a Node.js version
+[supported by upstream](https://github.com/nodejs/release#release-schedule).
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/dangerous.js b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/dangerous.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca41fdc54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/dangerous.js
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
+
+'use strict'
+
+var buffer = require('buffer')
+var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
+var safer = require('./safer.js')
+var Safer = safer.Buffer
+
+var dangerous = {}
+
+var key
+
+for (key in safer) {
+  if (!safer.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue
+  dangerous[key] = safer[key]
+}
+
+var Dangereous = dangerous.Buffer = {}
+
+// Copy Safer API
+for (key in Safer) {
+  if (!Safer.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue
+  Dangereous[key] = Safer[key]
+}
+
+// Copy those missing unsafe methods, if they are present
+for (key in Buffer) {
+  if (!Buffer.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue
+  if (Dangereous.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue
+  Dangereous[key] = Buffer[key]
+}
+
+if (!Dangereous.allocUnsafe) {
+  Dangereous.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
+    if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('The "size" argument must be of type number. Received type ' + typeof size)
+    }
+    if (size < 0 || size >= 2 * (1 << 30)) {
+      throw new RangeError('The value "' + size + '" is invalid for option "size"')
+    }
+    return Buffer(size)
+  }
+}
+
+if (!Dangereous.allocUnsafeSlow) {
+  Dangereous.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
+    if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('The "size" argument must be of type number. Received type ' + typeof size)
+    }
+    if (size < 0 || size >= 2 * (1 << 30)) {
+      throw new RangeError('The value "' + size + '" is invalid for option "size"')
+    }
+    return buffer.SlowBuffer(size)
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = dangerous
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/package.json b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..435756a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "_from": "safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3",
+  "_id": "safer-buffer@2.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-YZo3K82SD7Riyi0E1EQPojLz7kpepnSQI9IyPbHHg1XXXevb5dJI7tpyN2ADxGcQbHG7vcyRHk0cbwqcQriUtg==",
+  "_location": "/safer-buffer",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3",
+    "name": "safer-buffer",
+    "escapedName": "safer-buffer",
+    "rawSpec": ">= 2.1.2 < 3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": ">= 2.1.2 < 3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/iconv-lite"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safer-buffer/-/safer-buffer-2.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "44fa161b0187b9549dd84bb91802f9bd8385cd6a",
+  "_spec": "safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\iconv-lite",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Nikita Skovoroda",
+    "email": "chalkerx@gmail.com",
+    "url": "https://github.com/ChALkeR"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Modern Buffer API polyfill without footguns",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^11.0.1",
+    "tape": "^4.9.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "Porting-Buffer.md",
+    "Readme.md",
+    "tests.js",
+    "dangerous.js",
+    "safer.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "safer.js",
+  "name": "safer-buffer",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "browserify-test": "browserify --external tape tests.js > browserify-tests.js && tape browserify-tests.js",
+    "test": "standard && tape tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/safer.js b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/safer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37c7e1aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/safer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
+
+'use strict'
+
+var buffer = require('buffer')
+var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
+
+var safer = {}
+
+var key
+
+for (key in buffer) {
+  if (!buffer.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue
+  if (key === 'SlowBuffer' || key === 'Buffer') continue
+  safer[key] = buffer[key]
+}
+
+var Safer = safer.Buffer = {}
+for (key in Buffer) {
+  if (!Buffer.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue
+  if (key === 'allocUnsafe' || key === 'allocUnsafeSlow') continue
+  Safer[key] = Buffer[key]
+}
+
+safer.Buffer.prototype = Buffer.prototype
+
+if (!Safer.from || Safer.from === Uint8Array.from) {
+  Safer.from = function (value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
+    if (typeof value === 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('The "value" argument must not be of type number. Received type ' + typeof value)
+    }
+    if (value && typeof value.length === 'undefined') {
+      throw new TypeError('The first argument must be one of type string, Buffer, ArrayBuffer, Array, or Array-like Object. Received type ' + typeof value)
+    }
+    return Buffer(value, encodingOrOffset, length)
+  }
+}
+
+if (!Safer.alloc) {
+  Safer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
+    if (typeof size !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('The "size" argument must be of type number. Received type ' + typeof size)
+    }
+    if (size < 0 || size >= 2 * (1 << 30)) {
+      throw new RangeError('The value "' + size + '" is invalid for option "size"')
+    }
+    var buf = Buffer(size)
+    if (!fill || fill.length === 0) {
+      buf.fill(0)
+    } else if (typeof encoding === 'string') {
+      buf.fill(fill, encoding)
+    } else {
+      buf.fill(fill)
+    }
+    return buf
+  }
+}
+
+if (!safer.kStringMaxLength) {
+  try {
+    safer.kStringMaxLength = process.binding('buffer').kStringMaxLength
+  } catch (e) {
+    // we can't determine kStringMaxLength in environments where process.binding
+    // is unsupported, so let's not set it
+  }
+}
+
+if (!safer.constants) {
+  safer.constants = {
+    MAX_LENGTH: safer.kMaxLength
+  }
+  if (safer.kStringMaxLength) {
+    safer.constants.MAX_STRING_LENGTH = safer.kStringMaxLength
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = safer
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/tests.js b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/tests.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ed2777c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/safer-buffer/tests.js
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
+
+'use strict'
+
+var test = require('tape')
+
+var buffer = require('buffer')
+
+var index = require('./')
+var safer = require('./safer')
+var dangerous = require('./dangerous')
+
+/* Inheritance tests */
+
+test('Default is Safer', function (t) {
+  t.equal(index, safer)
+  t.notEqual(safer, dangerous)
+  t.notEqual(index, dangerous)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Is not a function', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(typeof impl, 'object')
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer, 'object')
+  });
+  [buffer].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(typeof impl, 'object')
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer, 'function')
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Constructor throws', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer() })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer(0) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer('a') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer('a', 'utf-8') })
+    t.throws(function () { return new impl.Buffer() })
+    t.throws(function () { return new impl.Buffer(0) })
+    t.throws(function () { return new impl.Buffer('a') })
+    t.throws(function () { return new impl.Buffer('a', 'utf-8') })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Safe methods exist', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer.alloc, 'function', 'alloc')
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer.from, 'function', 'from')
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Unsafe methods exist only in Dangerous', function (t) {
+  [index, safer].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer.allocUnsafe, 'undefined')
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow, 'undefined')
+  });
+  [dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer.allocUnsafe, 'function')
+    t.equal(typeof impl.Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow, 'function')
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Generic methods/properties are defined and equal', function (t) {
+  ['poolSize', 'isBuffer', 'concat', 'byteLength'].forEach(function (method) {
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl.Buffer[method], buffer.Buffer[method], method)
+      t.notEqual(typeof impl.Buffer[method], 'undefined', method)
+    })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Built-in buffer static methods/properties are inherited', function (t) {
+  Object.keys(buffer).forEach(function (method) {
+    if (method === 'SlowBuffer' || method === 'Buffer') return;
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl[method], buffer[method], method)
+      t.notEqual(typeof impl[method], 'undefined', method)
+    })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Built-in Buffer static methods/properties are inherited', function (t) {
+  Object.keys(buffer.Buffer).forEach(function (method) {
+    if (method === 'allocUnsafe' || method === 'allocUnsafeSlow') return;
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl.Buffer[method], buffer.Buffer[method], method)
+      t.notEqual(typeof impl.Buffer[method], 'undefined', method)
+    })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('.prototype property of Buffer is inherited', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.prototype, buffer.Buffer.prototype, 'prototype')
+    t.notEqual(typeof impl.Buffer.prototype, 'undefined', 'prototype')
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('All Safer methods are present in Dangerous', function (t) {
+  Object.keys(safer).forEach(function (method) {
+    if (method === 'Buffer') return;
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl[method], safer[method], method)
+      if (method !== 'kStringMaxLength') {
+        t.notEqual(typeof impl[method], 'undefined', method)
+      }
+    })
+  })
+  Object.keys(safer.Buffer).forEach(function (method) {
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl.Buffer[method], safer.Buffer[method], method)
+      t.notEqual(typeof impl.Buffer[method], 'undefined', method)
+    })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Safe methods from Dangerous methods are present in Safer', function (t) {
+  Object.keys(dangerous).forEach(function (method) {
+    if (method === 'Buffer') return;
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl[method], dangerous[method], method)
+      if (method !== 'kStringMaxLength') {
+        t.notEqual(typeof impl[method], 'undefined', method)
+      }
+    })
+  })
+  Object.keys(dangerous.Buffer).forEach(function (method) {
+    if (method === 'allocUnsafe' || method === 'allocUnsafeSlow') return;
+    [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+      t.equal(impl.Buffer[method], dangerous.Buffer[method], method)
+      t.notEqual(typeof impl.Buffer[method], 'undefined', method)
+    })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+/* Behaviour tests */
+
+test('Methods return Buffers', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.alloc(0)))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.alloc(0, 10)))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.alloc(0, 'a')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.alloc(10)))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.alloc(10, 'x')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.alloc(9, 'ab')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from('')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from('string')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from('string', 'utf-8')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64')))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from([0, 42, 3])))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([0, 42, 3]))))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(impl.Buffer.from([])))
+  });
+  ['allocUnsafe', 'allocUnsafeSlow'].forEach(function (method) {
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(dangerous.Buffer[method](0)))
+    t.ok(buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(dangerous.Buffer[method](10)))
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Constructor is buffer.Buffer', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(0).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(0, 10).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(0, 'a').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(10).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(10, 'x').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(9, 'ab').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('string').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('string', 'utf-8').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64').constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from([0, 42, 3]).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([0, 42, 3])).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from([]).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+  });
+  [0, 10, 100].forEach(function (arg) {
+    t.equal(dangerous.Buffer.allocUnsafe(arg).constructor, buffer.Buffer)
+    t.equal(dangerous.Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(arg).constructor, buffer.SlowBuffer(0).constructor)
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Invalid calls throw', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(0) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(10) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(10, 'utf-8') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from('string', 'invalid encoding') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(-10) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(1e90) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(Infinity) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(-Infinity) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(NaN) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(null) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from(undefined) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from() })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.from({}) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc('') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc('string') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc('string', 'utf-8') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64') })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(-10) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(1e90) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(2 * (1 << 30)) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(Infinity) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(-Infinity) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(null) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc(undefined) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc() })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc([]) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc([0, 42, 3]) })
+    t.throws(function () { impl.Buffer.alloc({}) })
+  });
+  ['allocUnsafe', 'allocUnsafeSlow'].forEach(function (method) {
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]('') })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]('string') })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]('string', 'utf-8') })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](2 * (1 << 30)) })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](Infinity) })
+    if (dangerous.Buffer[method] === buffer.Buffer.allocUnsafe) {
+      t.skip('Skipping, older impl of allocUnsafe coerced negative sizes to 0')
+    } else {
+      t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](-10) })
+      t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](-1e90) })
+      t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](-Infinity) })
+    }
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](null) })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method](undefined) })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]() })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]([]) })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]([0, 42, 3]) })
+    t.throws(function () { dangerous.Buffer[method]({}) })
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Buffers have appropriate lengths', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(0).length, 0)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.alloc(10).length, 10)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('').length, 0)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('string').length, 6)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('string', 'utf-8').length, 6)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64').length, 11)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from([0, 42, 3]).length, 3)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([0, 42, 3])).length, 3)
+    t.equal(impl.Buffer.from([]).length, 0)
+  });
+  ['allocUnsafe', 'allocUnsafeSlow'].forEach(function (method) {
+    t.equal(dangerous.Buffer[method](0).length, 0)
+    t.equal(dangerous.Buffer[method](10).length, 10)
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('Buffers have appropriate lengths (2)', function (t) {
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, safer.Buffer.alloc)
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, dangerous.Buffer.alloc)
+  var ok = true;
+  [ safer.Buffer.alloc,
+    dangerous.Buffer.allocUnsafe,
+    dangerous.Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow
+  ].forEach(function (method) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < 1e2; i++) {
+      var length = Math.round(Math.random() * 1e5)
+      var buf = method(length)
+      if (!buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) ok = false
+      if (buf.length !== length) ok = false
+    }
+  })
+  t.ok(ok)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('.alloc(size) is zero-filled and has correct length', function (t) {
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, safer.Buffer.alloc)
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, dangerous.Buffer.alloc)
+  var ok = true
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1e2; i++) {
+    var length = Math.round(Math.random() * 2e6)
+    var buf = index.Buffer.alloc(length)
+    if (!buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) ok = false
+    if (buf.length !== length) ok = false
+    var j
+    for (j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+      if (buf[j] !== 0) ok = false
+    }
+    buf.fill(1)
+    for (j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+      if (buf[j] !== 1) ok = false
+    }
+  }
+  t.ok(ok)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('.allocUnsafe / .allocUnsafeSlow are fillable and have correct lengths', function (t) {
+  ['allocUnsafe', 'allocUnsafeSlow'].forEach(function (method) {
+    var ok = true
+    for (var i = 0; i < 1e2; i++) {
+      var length = Math.round(Math.random() * 2e6)
+      var buf = dangerous.Buffer[method](length)
+      if (!buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) ok = false
+      if (buf.length !== length) ok = false
+      buf.fill(0, 0, length)
+      var j
+      for (j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+        if (buf[j] !== 0) ok = false
+      }
+      buf.fill(1, 0, length)
+      for (j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+        if (buf[j] !== 1) ok = false
+      }
+    }
+    t.ok(ok, method)
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('.alloc(size, fill) is `fill`-filled', function (t) {
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, safer.Buffer.alloc)
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, dangerous.Buffer.alloc)
+  var ok = true
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1e2; i++) {
+    var length = Math.round(Math.random() * 2e6)
+    var fill = Math.round(Math.random() * 255)
+    var buf = index.Buffer.alloc(length, fill)
+    if (!buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) ok = false
+    if (buf.length !== length) ok = false
+    for (var j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+      if (buf[j] !== fill) ok = false
+    }
+  }
+  t.ok(ok)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('.alloc(size, fill) is `fill`-filled', function (t) {
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, safer.Buffer.alloc)
+  t.equal(index.Buffer.alloc, dangerous.Buffer.alloc)
+  var ok = true
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1e2; i++) {
+    var length = Math.round(Math.random() * 2e6)
+    var fill = Math.round(Math.random() * 255)
+    var buf = index.Buffer.alloc(length, fill)
+    if (!buffer.Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) ok = false
+    if (buf.length !== length) ok = false
+    for (var j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+      if (buf[j] !== fill) ok = false
+    }
+  }
+  t.ok(ok)
+  t.deepEqual(index.Buffer.alloc(9, 'a'), index.Buffer.alloc(9, 97))
+  t.notDeepEqual(index.Buffer.alloc(9, 'a'), index.Buffer.alloc(9, 98))
+
+  var tmp = new buffer.Buffer(2)
+  tmp.fill('ok')
+  if (tmp[1] === tmp[0]) {
+    // Outdated Node.js
+    t.deepEqual(index.Buffer.alloc(5, 'ok'), index.Buffer.from('ooooo'))
+  } else {
+    t.deepEqual(index.Buffer.alloc(5, 'ok'), index.Buffer.from('okoko'))
+  }
+  t.notDeepEqual(index.Buffer.alloc(5, 'ok'), index.Buffer.from('kokok'))
+
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('safer.Buffer.from returns results same as Buffer constructor', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from(''), new buffer.Buffer(''))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('string'), new buffer.Buffer('string'))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('string', 'utf-8'), new buffer.Buffer('string', 'utf-8'))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64'), new buffer.Buffer('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64'))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from([0, 42, 3]), new buffer.Buffer([0, 42, 3]))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([0, 42, 3])), new buffer.Buffer(new Uint8Array([0, 42, 3])))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from([]), new buffer.Buffer([]))
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
+
+test('safer.Buffer.from returns consistent results', function (t) {
+  [index, safer, dangerous].forEach(function (impl) {
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from(''), impl.Buffer.alloc(0))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from([]), impl.Buffer.alloc(0))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([])), impl.Buffer.alloc(0))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('string', 'utf-8'), impl.Buffer.from('string'))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('string'), impl.Buffer.from([115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103]))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('string'), impl.Buffer.from(impl.Buffer.from('string')))
+    t.deepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU=', 'base64'), impl.Buffer.from('onetwothree'))
+    t.notDeepEqual(impl.Buffer.from('b25ldHdvdGhyZWU='), impl.Buffer.from('onetwothree'))
+  })
+  t.end()
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.editorconfig b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1d8a4176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# http://editorconfig.org
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+end_of_line = lf
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.gitattributes b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ba45360c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.mem binary
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bca82653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sudo: false
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "6"
+  - "8"
+  - "10"
+  - "12"
+
+before_install:
+- npm install -g npm@6
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..779807877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Change Log
+All notable changes to the "saslprep" package will be documented in this file.
+
+## [1.0.3] - 2019-05-01
+
+- Correctly get code points >U+FFFF ([#5](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep/pull/5))
+- Fix perfomance downgrades from [#5](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep/pull/5).
+
+## [1.0.2] - 2018-09-13
+
+- Reduced initialization time ([#3](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep/issues/3))
+
+## [1.0.1] - 2018-06-20
+
+- Reduced stack overhead of range creation ([#2](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep/pull/2))
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2017-06-21
+
+- First release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..481c7a50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014 Dmitry Tsvettsikh
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/code-points.mem b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/code-points.mem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4781b0668
Binary files /dev/null and b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/code-points.mem differ
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/generate-code-points.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/generate-code-points.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5162ca7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/generate-code-points.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const bitfield = require('sparse-bitfield');
+const codePoints = require('./lib/code-points');
+
+const unassigned_code_points = bitfield();
+const commonly_mapped_to_nothing = bitfield();
+const non_ascii_space_characters = bitfield();
+const prohibited_characters = bitfield();
+const bidirectional_r_al = bitfield();
+const bidirectional_l = bitfield();
+
+/**
+ * Iterare over code points and
+ * convert it into an buffer.
+ * @param {bitfield} bits
+ * @param {Array} src
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function traverse(bits, src) {
+  for (const code of src.keys()) {
+    bits.set(code, true);
+  }
+
+  const buffer = bits.toBuffer();
+  return Buffer.concat([createSize(buffer), buffer]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function createSize(buffer) {
+  const buf = Buffer.alloc(4);
+  buf.writeUInt32BE(buffer.length);
+
+  return buf;
+}
+
+const memory = [];
+
+memory.push(
+  traverse(unassigned_code_points, codePoints.unassigned_code_points),
+  traverse(commonly_mapped_to_nothing, codePoints.commonly_mapped_to_nothing),
+  traverse(non_ascii_space_characters, codePoints.non_ASCII_space_characters),
+  traverse(prohibited_characters, codePoints.prohibited_characters),
+  traverse(bidirectional_r_al, codePoints.bidirectional_r_al),
+  traverse(bidirectional_l, codePoints.bidirectional_l)
+);
+
+process.stdout.write(Buffer.concat(memory));
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/index.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21bb0fed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const {
+  unassigned_code_points,
+  commonly_mapped_to_nothing,
+  non_ASCII_space_characters,
+  prohibited_characters,
+  bidirectional_r_al,
+  bidirectional_l,
+} = require('./lib/memory-code-points');
+
+module.exports = saslprep;
+
+// 2.1.  Mapping
+
+/**
+ * non-ASCII space characters [StringPrep, C.1.2] that can be
+ * mapped to SPACE (U+0020)
+ */
+const mapping2space = non_ASCII_space_characters;
+
+/**
+ * the "commonly mapped to nothing" characters [StringPrep, B.1]
+ * that can be mapped to nothing.
+ */
+const mapping2nothing = commonly_mapped_to_nothing;
+
+// utils
+const getCodePoint = character => character.codePointAt(0);
+const first = x => x[0];
+const last = x => x[x.length - 1];
+
+/**
+ * Convert provided string into an array of Unicode Code Points.
+ * Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/21409165/1556249
+ * and https://www.npmjs.com/package/code-point-at.
+ * @param {string} input
+ * @returns {number[]}
+ */
+function toCodePoints(input) {
+  const codepoints = [];
+  const size = input.length;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < size; i += 1) {
+    const before = input.charCodeAt(i);
+
+    if (before >= 0xd800 && before <= 0xdbff && size > i + 1) {
+      const next = input.charCodeAt(i + 1);
+
+      if (next >= 0xdc00 && next <= 0xdfff) {
+        codepoints.push((before - 0xd800) * 0x400 + next - 0xdc00 + 0x10000);
+        i += 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    codepoints.push(before);
+  }
+
+  return codepoints;
+}
+
+/**
+ * SASLprep.
+ * @param {string} input
+ * @param {Object} opts
+ * @param {boolean} opts.allowUnassigned
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function saslprep(input, opts = {}) {
+  if (typeof input !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('Expected string.');
+  }
+
+  if (input.length === 0) {
+    return '';
+  }
+
+  // 1. Map
+  const mapped_input = toCodePoints(input)
+    // 1.1 mapping to space
+    .map(character => (mapping2space.get(character) ? 0x20 : character))
+    // 1.2 mapping to nothing
+    .filter(character => !mapping2nothing.get(character));
+
+  // 2. Normalize
+  const normalized_input = String.fromCodePoint
+    .apply(null, mapped_input)
+    .normalize('NFKC');
+
+  const normalized_map = toCodePoints(normalized_input);
+
+  // 3. Prohibit
+  const hasProhibited = normalized_map.some(character =>
+    prohibited_characters.get(character)
+  );
+
+  if (hasProhibited) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Prohibited character, see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4013#section-2.3'
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Unassigned Code Points
+  if (opts.allowUnassigned !== true) {
+    const hasUnassigned = normalized_map.some(character =>
+      unassigned_code_points.get(character)
+    );
+
+    if (hasUnassigned) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Unassigned code point, see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4013#section-2.5'
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 4. check bidi
+
+  const hasBidiRAL = normalized_map.some(character =>
+    bidirectional_r_al.get(character)
+  );
+
+  const hasBidiL = normalized_map.some(character =>
+    bidirectional_l.get(character)
+  );
+
+  // 4.1 If a string contains any RandALCat character, the string MUST NOT
+  // contain any LCat character.
+  if (hasBidiRAL && hasBidiL) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'String must not contain RandALCat and LCat at the same time,' +
+        ' see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#section-6'
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 4.2 If a string contains any RandALCat character, a RandALCat
+   * character MUST be the first character of the string, and a
+   * RandALCat character MUST be the last character of the string.
+   */
+
+  const isFirstBidiRAL = bidirectional_r_al.get(
+    getCodePoint(first(normalized_input))
+  );
+  const isLastBidiRAL = bidirectional_r_al.get(
+    getCodePoint(last(normalized_input))
+  );
+
+  if (hasBidiRAL && !(isFirstBidiRAL && isLastBidiRAL)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Bidirectional RandALCat character must be the first and the last' +
+        ' character of the string, see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#section-6'
+    );
+  }
+
+  return normalized_input;
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/code-points.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/code-points.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..222182c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/code-points.js
@@ -0,0 +1,996 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const { range } = require('./util');
+
+/**
+ * A.1 Unassigned code points in Unicode 3.2
+ * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-A.1
+ */
+const unassigned_code_points = new Set([
+  0x0221,
+  ...range(0x0234, 0x024f),
+  ...range(0x02ae, 0x02af),
+  ...range(0x02ef, 0x02ff),
+  ...range(0x0350, 0x035f),
+  ...range(0x0370, 0x0373),
+  ...range(0x0376, 0x0379),
+  ...range(0x037b, 0x037d),
+  ...range(0x037f, 0x0383),
+  0x038b,
+  0x038d,
+  0x03a2,
+  0x03cf,
+  ...range(0x03f7, 0x03ff),
+  0x0487,
+  0x04cf,
+  ...range(0x04f6, 0x04f7),
+  ...range(0x04fa, 0x04ff),
+  ...range(0x0510, 0x0530),
+  ...range(0x0557, 0x0558),
+  0x0560,
+  0x0588,
+  ...range(0x058b, 0x0590),
+  0x05a2,
+  0x05ba,
+  ...range(0x05c5, 0x05cf),
+  ...range(0x05eb, 0x05ef),
+  ...range(0x05f5, 0x060b),
+  ...range(0x060d, 0x061a),
+  ...range(0x061c, 0x061e),
+  0x0620,
+  ...range(0x063b, 0x063f),
+  ...range(0x0656, 0x065f),
+  ...range(0x06ee, 0x06ef),
+  0x06ff,
+  0x070e,
+  ...range(0x072d, 0x072f),
+  ...range(0x074b, 0x077f),
+  ...range(0x07b2, 0x0900),
+  0x0904,
+  ...range(0x093a, 0x093b),
+  ...range(0x094e, 0x094f),
+  ...range(0x0955, 0x0957),
+  ...range(0x0971, 0x0980),
+  0x0984,
+  ...range(0x098d, 0x098e),
+  ...range(0x0991, 0x0992),
+  0x09a9,
+  0x09b1,
+  ...range(0x09b3, 0x09b5),
+  ...range(0x09ba, 0x09bb),
+  0x09bd,
+  ...range(0x09c5, 0x09c6),
+  ...range(0x09c9, 0x09ca),
+  ...range(0x09ce, 0x09d6),
+  ...range(0x09d8, 0x09db),
+  0x09de,
+  ...range(0x09e4, 0x09e5),
+  ...range(0x09fb, 0x0a01),
+  ...range(0x0a03, 0x0a04),
+  ...range(0x0a0b, 0x0a0e),
+  ...range(0x0a11, 0x0a12),
+  0x0a29,
+  0x0a31,
+  0x0a34,
+  0x0a37,
+  ...range(0x0a3a, 0x0a3b),
+  0x0a3d,
+  ...range(0x0a43, 0x0a46),
+  ...range(0x0a49, 0x0a4a),
+  ...range(0x0a4e, 0x0a58),
+  0x0a5d,
+  ...range(0x0a5f, 0x0a65),
+  ...range(0x0a75, 0x0a80),
+  0x0a84,
+  0x0a8c,
+  0x0a8e,
+  0x0a92,
+  0x0aa9,
+  0x0ab1,
+  0x0ab4,
+  ...range(0x0aba, 0x0abb),
+  0x0ac6,
+  0x0aca,
+  ...range(0x0ace, 0x0acf),
+  ...range(0x0ad1, 0x0adf),
+  ...range(0x0ae1, 0x0ae5),
+  ...range(0x0af0, 0x0b00),
+  0x0b04,
+  ...range(0x0b0d, 0x0b0e),
+  ...range(0x0b11, 0x0b12),
+  0x0b29,
+  0x0b31,
+  ...range(0x0b34, 0x0b35),
+  ...range(0x0b3a, 0x0b3b),
+  ...range(0x0b44, 0x0b46),
+  ...range(0x0b49, 0x0b4a),
+  ...range(0x0b4e, 0x0b55),
+  ...range(0x0b58, 0x0b5b),
+  0x0b5e,
+  ...range(0x0b62, 0x0b65),
+  ...range(0x0b71, 0x0b81),
+  0x0b84,
+  ...range(0x0b8b, 0x0b8d),
+  0x0b91,
+  ...range(0x0b96, 0x0b98),
+  0x0b9b,
+  0x0b9d,
+  ...range(0x0ba0, 0x0ba2),
+  ...range(0x0ba5, 0x0ba7),
+  ...range(0x0bab, 0x0bad),
+  0x0bb6,
+  ...range(0x0bba, 0x0bbd),
+  ...range(0x0bc3, 0x0bc5),
+  0x0bc9,
+  ...range(0x0bce, 0x0bd6),
+  ...range(0x0bd8, 0x0be6),
+  ...range(0x0bf3, 0x0c00),
+  0x0c04,
+  0x0c0d,
+  0x0c11,
+  0x0c29,
+  0x0c34,
+  ...range(0x0c3a, 0x0c3d),
+  0x0c45,
+  0x0c49,
+  ...range(0x0c4e, 0x0c54),
+  ...range(0x0c57, 0x0c5f),
+  ...range(0x0c62, 0x0c65),
+  ...range(0x0c70, 0x0c81),
+  0x0c84,
+  0x0c8d,
+  0x0c91,
+  0x0ca9,
+  0x0cb4,
+  ...range(0x0cba, 0x0cbd),
+  0x0cc5,
+  0x0cc9,
+  ...range(0x0cce, 0x0cd4),
+  ...range(0x0cd7, 0x0cdd),
+  0x0cdf,
+  ...range(0x0ce2, 0x0ce5),
+  ...range(0x0cf0, 0x0d01),
+  0x0d04,
+  0x0d0d,
+  0x0d11,
+  0x0d29,
+  ...range(0x0d3a, 0x0d3d),
+  ...range(0x0d44, 0x0d45),
+  0x0d49,
+  ...range(0x0d4e, 0x0d56),
+  ...range(0x0d58, 0x0d5f),
+  ...range(0x0d62, 0x0d65),
+  ...range(0x0d70, 0x0d81),
+  0x0d84,
+  ...range(0x0d97, 0x0d99),
+  0x0db2,
+  0x0dbc,
+  ...range(0x0dbe, 0x0dbf),
+  ...range(0x0dc7, 0x0dc9),
+  ...range(0x0dcb, 0x0dce),
+  0x0dd5,
+  0x0dd7,
+  ...range(0x0de0, 0x0df1),
+  ...range(0x0df5, 0x0e00),
+  ...range(0x0e3b, 0x0e3e),
+  ...range(0x0e5c, 0x0e80),
+  0x0e83,
+  ...range(0x0e85, 0x0e86),
+  0x0e89,
+  ...range(0x0e8b, 0x0e8c),
+  ...range(0x0e8e, 0x0e93),
+  0x0e98,
+  0x0ea0,
+  0x0ea4,
+  0x0ea6,
+  ...range(0x0ea8, 0x0ea9),
+  0x0eac,
+  0x0eba,
+  ...range(0x0ebe, 0x0ebf),
+  0x0ec5,
+  0x0ec7,
+  ...range(0x0ece, 0x0ecf),
+  ...range(0x0eda, 0x0edb),
+  ...range(0x0ede, 0x0eff),
+  0x0f48,
+  ...range(0x0f6b, 0x0f70),
+  ...range(0x0f8c, 0x0f8f),
+  0x0f98,
+  0x0fbd,
+  ...range(0x0fcd, 0x0fce),
+  ...range(0x0fd0, 0x0fff),
+  0x1022,
+  0x1028,
+  0x102b,
+  ...range(0x1033, 0x1035),
+  ...range(0x103a, 0x103f),
+  ...range(0x105a, 0x109f),
+  ...range(0x10c6, 0x10cf),
+  ...range(0x10f9, 0x10fa),
+  ...range(0x10fc, 0x10ff),
+  ...range(0x115a, 0x115e),
+  ...range(0x11a3, 0x11a7),
+  ...range(0x11fa, 0x11ff),
+  0x1207,
+  0x1247,
+  0x1249,
+  ...range(0x124e, 0x124f),
+  0x1257,
+  0x1259,
+  ...range(0x125e, 0x125f),
+  0x1287,
+  0x1289,
+  ...range(0x128e, 0x128f),
+  0x12af,
+  0x12b1,
+  ...range(0x12b6, 0x12b7),
+  0x12bf,
+  0x12c1,
+  ...range(0x12c6, 0x12c7),
+  0x12cf,
+  0x12d7,
+  0x12ef,
+  0x130f,
+  0x1311,
+  ...range(0x1316, 0x1317),
+  0x131f,
+  0x1347,
+  ...range(0x135b, 0x1360),
+  ...range(0x137d, 0x139f),
+  ...range(0x13f5, 0x1400),
+  ...range(0x1677, 0x167f),
+  ...range(0x169d, 0x169f),
+  ...range(0x16f1, 0x16ff),
+  0x170d,
+  ...range(0x1715, 0x171f),
+  ...range(0x1737, 0x173f),
+  ...range(0x1754, 0x175f),
+  0x176d,
+  0x1771,
+  ...range(0x1774, 0x177f),
+  ...range(0x17dd, 0x17df),
+  ...range(0x17ea, 0x17ff),
+  0x180f,
+  ...range(0x181a, 0x181f),
+  ...range(0x1878, 0x187f),
+  ...range(0x18aa, 0x1dff),
+  ...range(0x1e9c, 0x1e9f),
+  ...range(0x1efa, 0x1eff),
+  ...range(0x1f16, 0x1f17),
+  ...range(0x1f1e, 0x1f1f),
+  ...range(0x1f46, 0x1f47),
+  ...range(0x1f4e, 0x1f4f),
+  0x1f58,
+  0x1f5a,
+  0x1f5c,
+  0x1f5e,
+  ...range(0x1f7e, 0x1f7f),
+  0x1fb5,
+  0x1fc5,
+  ...range(0x1fd4, 0x1fd5),
+  0x1fdc,
+  ...range(0x1ff0, 0x1ff1),
+  0x1ff5,
+  0x1fff,
+  ...range(0x2053, 0x2056),
+  ...range(0x2058, 0x205e),
+  ...range(0x2064, 0x2069),
+  ...range(0x2072, 0x2073),
+  ...range(0x208f, 0x209f),
+  ...range(0x20b2, 0x20cf),
+  ...range(0x20eb, 0x20ff),
+  ...range(0x213b, 0x213c),
+  ...range(0x214c, 0x2152),
+  ...range(0x2184, 0x218f),
+  ...range(0x23cf, 0x23ff),
+  ...range(0x2427, 0x243f),
+  ...range(0x244b, 0x245f),
+  0x24ff,
+  ...range(0x2614, 0x2615),
+  0x2618,
+  ...range(0x267e, 0x267f),
+  ...range(0x268a, 0x2700),
+  0x2705,
+  ...range(0x270a, 0x270b),
+  0x2728,
+  0x274c,
+  0x274e,
+  ...range(0x2753, 0x2755),
+  0x2757,
+  ...range(0x275f, 0x2760),
+  ...range(0x2795, 0x2797),
+  0x27b0,
+  ...range(0x27bf, 0x27cf),
+  ...range(0x27ec, 0x27ef),
+  ...range(0x2b00, 0x2e7f),
+  0x2e9a,
+  ...range(0x2ef4, 0x2eff),
+  ...range(0x2fd6, 0x2fef),
+  ...range(0x2ffc, 0x2fff),
+  0x3040,
+  ...range(0x3097, 0x3098),
+  ...range(0x3100, 0x3104),
+  ...range(0x312d, 0x3130),
+  0x318f,
+  ...range(0x31b8, 0x31ef),
+  ...range(0x321d, 0x321f),
+  ...range(0x3244, 0x3250),
+  ...range(0x327c, 0x327e),
+  ...range(0x32cc, 0x32cf),
+  0x32ff,
+  ...range(0x3377, 0x337a),
+  ...range(0x33de, 0x33df),
+  0x33ff,
+  ...range(0x4db6, 0x4dff),
+  ...range(0x9fa6, 0x9fff),
+  ...range(0xa48d, 0xa48f),
+  ...range(0xa4c7, 0xabff),
+  ...range(0xd7a4, 0xd7ff),
+  ...range(0xfa2e, 0xfa2f),
+  ...range(0xfa6b, 0xfaff),
+  ...range(0xfb07, 0xfb12),
+  ...range(0xfb18, 0xfb1c),
+  0xfb37,
+  0xfb3d,
+  0xfb3f,
+  0xfb42,
+  0xfb45,
+  ...range(0xfbb2, 0xfbd2),
+  ...range(0xfd40, 0xfd4f),
+  ...range(0xfd90, 0xfd91),
+  ...range(0xfdc8, 0xfdcf),
+  ...range(0xfdfd, 0xfdff),
+  ...range(0xfe10, 0xfe1f),
+  ...range(0xfe24, 0xfe2f),
+  ...range(0xfe47, 0xfe48),
+  0xfe53,
+  0xfe67,
+  ...range(0xfe6c, 0xfe6f),
+  0xfe75,
+  ...range(0xfefd, 0xfefe),
+  0xff00,
+  ...range(0xffbf, 0xffc1),
+  ...range(0xffc8, 0xffc9),
+  ...range(0xffd0, 0xffd1),
+  ...range(0xffd8, 0xffd9),
+  ...range(0xffdd, 0xffdf),
+  0xffe7,
+  ...range(0xffef, 0xfff8),
+  ...range(0x10000, 0x102ff),
+  0x1031f,
+  ...range(0x10324, 0x1032f),
+  ...range(0x1034b, 0x103ff),
+  ...range(0x10426, 0x10427),
+  ...range(0x1044e, 0x1cfff),
+  ...range(0x1d0f6, 0x1d0ff),
+  ...range(0x1d127, 0x1d129),
+  ...range(0x1d1de, 0x1d3ff),
+  0x1d455,
+  0x1d49d,
+  ...range(0x1d4a0, 0x1d4a1),
+  ...range(0x1d4a3, 0x1d4a4),
+  ...range(0x1d4a7, 0x1d4a8),
+  0x1d4ad,
+  0x1d4ba,
+  0x1d4bc,
+  0x1d4c1,
+  0x1d4c4,
+  0x1d506,
+  ...range(0x1d50b, 0x1d50c),
+  0x1d515,
+  0x1d51d,
+  0x1d53a,
+  0x1d53f,
+  0x1d545,
+  ...range(0x1d547, 0x1d549),
+  0x1d551,
+  ...range(0x1d6a4, 0x1d6a7),
+  ...range(0x1d7ca, 0x1d7cd),
+  ...range(0x1d800, 0x1fffd),
+  ...range(0x2a6d7, 0x2f7ff),
+  ...range(0x2fa1e, 0x2fffd),
+  ...range(0x30000, 0x3fffd),
+  ...range(0x40000, 0x4fffd),
+  ...range(0x50000, 0x5fffd),
+  ...range(0x60000, 0x6fffd),
+  ...range(0x70000, 0x7fffd),
+  ...range(0x80000, 0x8fffd),
+  ...range(0x90000, 0x9fffd),
+  ...range(0xa0000, 0xafffd),
+  ...range(0xb0000, 0xbfffd),
+  ...range(0xc0000, 0xcfffd),
+  ...range(0xd0000, 0xdfffd),
+  0xe0000,
+  ...range(0xe0002, 0xe001f),
+  ...range(0xe0080, 0xefffd),
+]);
+
+/**
+ * B.1 Commonly mapped to nothing
+ * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-B.1
+ */
+const commonly_mapped_to_nothing = new Set([
+  0x00ad,
+  0x034f,
+  0x1806,
+  0x180b,
+  0x180c,
+  0x180d,
+  0x200b,
+  0x200c,
+  0x200d,
+  0x2060,
+  0xfe00,
+  0xfe01,
+  0xfe02,
+  0xfe03,
+  0xfe04,
+  0xfe05,
+  0xfe06,
+  0xfe07,
+  0xfe08,
+  0xfe09,
+  0xfe0a,
+  0xfe0b,
+  0xfe0c,
+  0xfe0d,
+  0xfe0e,
+  0xfe0f,
+  0xfeff,
+]);
+
+/**
+ * C.1.2 Non-ASCII space characters
+ * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.1.2
+ */
+const non_ASCII_space_characters = new Set([
+  0x00a0 /* NO-BREAK SPACE */,
+  0x1680 /* OGHAM SPACE MARK */,
+  0x2000 /* EN QUAD */,
+  0x2001 /* EM QUAD */,
+  0x2002 /* EN SPACE */,
+  0x2003 /* EM SPACE */,
+  0x2004 /* THREE-PER-EM SPACE */,
+  0x2005 /* FOUR-PER-EM SPACE */,
+  0x2006 /* SIX-PER-EM SPACE */,
+  0x2007 /* FIGURE SPACE */,
+  0x2008 /* PUNCTUATION SPACE */,
+  0x2009 /* THIN SPACE */,
+  0x200a /* HAIR SPACE */,
+  0x200b /* ZERO WIDTH SPACE */,
+  0x202f /* NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE */,
+  0x205f /* MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE */,
+  0x3000 /* IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE */,
+]);
+
+/**
+ * 2.3.  Prohibited Output
+ * @type {Set}
+ */
+const prohibited_characters = new Set([
+  ...non_ASCII_space_characters,
+
+  /**
+   * C.2.1 ASCII control characters
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.2.1
+   */
+  ...range(0, 0x001f) /* [CONTROL CHARACTERS] */,
+  0x007f /* DELETE */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.2.2 Non-ASCII control characters
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.2.2
+   */
+  ...range(0x0080, 0x009f) /* [CONTROL CHARACTERS] */,
+  0x06dd /* ARABIC END OF AYAH */,
+  0x070f /* SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK */,
+  0x180e /* MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR */,
+  0x200c /* ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER */,
+  0x200d /* ZERO WIDTH JOINER */,
+  0x2028 /* LINE SEPARATOR */,
+  0x2029 /* PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR */,
+  0x2060 /* WORD JOINER */,
+  0x2061 /* FUNCTION APPLICATION */,
+  0x2062 /* INVISIBLE TIMES */,
+  0x2063 /* INVISIBLE SEPARATOR */,
+  ...range(0x206a, 0x206f) /* [CONTROL CHARACTERS] */,
+  0xfeff /* ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE */,
+  ...range(0xfff9, 0xfffc) /* [CONTROL CHARACTERS] */,
+  ...range(0x1d173, 0x1d17a) /* [MUSICAL CONTROL CHARACTERS] */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.3 Private use
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.3
+   */
+  ...range(0xe000, 0xf8ff) /* [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 0] */,
+  ...range(0xf0000, 0xffffd) /* [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 15] */,
+  ...range(0x100000, 0x10fffd) /* [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 16] */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.4 Non-character code points
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.4
+   */
+  ...range(0xfdd0, 0xfdef) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0xfffe, 0xffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x1fffe, 0x1ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x2fffe, 0x2ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x3fffe, 0x3ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x4fffe, 0x4ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x5fffe, 0x5ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x6fffe, 0x6ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x7fffe, 0x7ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x8fffe, 0x8ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x9fffe, 0x9ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0xafffe, 0xaffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0xbfffe, 0xbffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0xcfffe, 0xcffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0xdfffe, 0xdffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0xefffe, 0xeffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+  ...range(0x10fffe, 0x10ffff) /* [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS] */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.5 Surrogate codes
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.5
+   */
+  ...range(0xd800, 0xdfff),
+
+  /**
+   * C.6 Inappropriate for plain text
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.6
+   */
+  0xfff9 /* INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR */,
+  0xfffa /* INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR */,
+  0xfffb /* INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR */,
+  0xfffc /* OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER */,
+  0xfffd /* REPLACEMENT CHARACTER */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.7 Inappropriate for canonical representation
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.7
+   */
+  ...range(0x2ff0, 0x2ffb) /* [IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTERS] */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.8 Change display properties or are deprecated
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.8
+   */
+  0x0340 /* COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK */,
+  0x0341 /* COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK */,
+  0x200e /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK */,
+  0x200f /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK */,
+  0x202a /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING */,
+  0x202b /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING */,
+  0x202c /* POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING */,
+  0x202d /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE */,
+  0x202e /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE */,
+  0x206a /* INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING */,
+  0x206b /* ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING */,
+  0x206c /* INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING */,
+  0x206d /* ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING */,
+  0x206e /* NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES */,
+  0x206f /* NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES */,
+
+  /**
+   * C.9 Tagging characters
+   * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-C.9
+   */
+  0xe0001 /* LANGUAGE TAG */,
+  ...range(0xe0020, 0xe007f) /* [TAGGING CHARACTERS] */,
+]);
+
+/**
+ * D.1 Characters with bidirectional property "R" or "AL"
+ * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-D.1
+ */
+const bidirectional_r_al = new Set([
+  0x05be,
+  0x05c0,
+  0x05c3,
+  ...range(0x05d0, 0x05ea),
+  ...range(0x05f0, 0x05f4),
+  0x061b,
+  0x061f,
+  ...range(0x0621, 0x063a),
+  ...range(0x0640, 0x064a),
+  ...range(0x066d, 0x066f),
+  ...range(0x0671, 0x06d5),
+  0x06dd,
+  ...range(0x06e5, 0x06e6),
+  ...range(0x06fa, 0x06fe),
+  ...range(0x0700, 0x070d),
+  0x0710,
+  ...range(0x0712, 0x072c),
+  ...range(0x0780, 0x07a5),
+  0x07b1,
+  0x200f,
+  0xfb1d,
+  ...range(0xfb1f, 0xfb28),
+  ...range(0xfb2a, 0xfb36),
+  ...range(0xfb38, 0xfb3c),
+  0xfb3e,
+  ...range(0xfb40, 0xfb41),
+  ...range(0xfb43, 0xfb44),
+  ...range(0xfb46, 0xfbb1),
+  ...range(0xfbd3, 0xfd3d),
+  ...range(0xfd50, 0xfd8f),
+  ...range(0xfd92, 0xfdc7),
+  ...range(0xfdf0, 0xfdfc),
+  ...range(0xfe70, 0xfe74),
+  ...range(0xfe76, 0xfefc),
+]);
+
+/**
+ * D.2 Characters with bidirectional property "L"
+ * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3454#appendix-D.2
+ */
+const bidirectional_l = new Set([
+  ...range(0x0041, 0x005a),
+  ...range(0x0061, 0x007a),
+  0x00aa,
+  0x00b5,
+  0x00ba,
+  ...range(0x00c0, 0x00d6),
+  ...range(0x00d8, 0x00f6),
+  ...range(0x00f8, 0x0220),
+  ...range(0x0222, 0x0233),
+  ...range(0x0250, 0x02ad),
+  ...range(0x02b0, 0x02b8),
+  ...range(0x02bb, 0x02c1),
+  ...range(0x02d0, 0x02d1),
+  ...range(0x02e0, 0x02e4),
+  0x02ee,
+  0x037a,
+  0x0386,
+  ...range(0x0388, 0x038a),
+  0x038c,
+  ...range(0x038e, 0x03a1),
+  ...range(0x03a3, 0x03ce),
+  ...range(0x03d0, 0x03f5),
+  ...range(0x0400, 0x0482),
+  ...range(0x048a, 0x04ce),
+  ...range(0x04d0, 0x04f5),
+  ...range(0x04f8, 0x04f9),
+  ...range(0x0500, 0x050f),
+  ...range(0x0531, 0x0556),
+  ...range(0x0559, 0x055f),
+  ...range(0x0561, 0x0587),
+  0x0589,
+  0x0903,
+  ...range(0x0905, 0x0939),
+  ...range(0x093d, 0x0940),
+  ...range(0x0949, 0x094c),
+  0x0950,
+  ...range(0x0958, 0x0961),
+  ...range(0x0964, 0x0970),
+  ...range(0x0982, 0x0983),
+  ...range(0x0985, 0x098c),
+  ...range(0x098f, 0x0990),
+  ...range(0x0993, 0x09a8),
+  ...range(0x09aa, 0x09b0),
+  0x09b2,
+  ...range(0x09b6, 0x09b9),
+  ...range(0x09be, 0x09c0),
+  ...range(0x09c7, 0x09c8),
+  ...range(0x09cb, 0x09cc),
+  0x09d7,
+  ...range(0x09dc, 0x09dd),
+  ...range(0x09df, 0x09e1),
+  ...range(0x09e6, 0x09f1),
+  ...range(0x09f4, 0x09fa),
+  ...range(0x0a05, 0x0a0a),
+  ...range(0x0a0f, 0x0a10),
+  ...range(0x0a13, 0x0a28),
+  ...range(0x0a2a, 0x0a30),
+  ...range(0x0a32, 0x0a33),
+  ...range(0x0a35, 0x0a36),
+  ...range(0x0a38, 0x0a39),
+  ...range(0x0a3e, 0x0a40),
+  ...range(0x0a59, 0x0a5c),
+  0x0a5e,
+  ...range(0x0a66, 0x0a6f),
+  ...range(0x0a72, 0x0a74),
+  0x0a83,
+  ...range(0x0a85, 0x0a8b),
+  0x0a8d,
+  ...range(0x0a8f, 0x0a91),
+  ...range(0x0a93, 0x0aa8),
+  ...range(0x0aaa, 0x0ab0),
+  ...range(0x0ab2, 0x0ab3),
+  ...range(0x0ab5, 0x0ab9),
+  ...range(0x0abd, 0x0ac0),
+  0x0ac9,
+  ...range(0x0acb, 0x0acc),
+  0x0ad0,
+  0x0ae0,
+  ...range(0x0ae6, 0x0aef),
+  ...range(0x0b02, 0x0b03),
+  ...range(0x0b05, 0x0b0c),
+  ...range(0x0b0f, 0x0b10),
+  ...range(0x0b13, 0x0b28),
+  ...range(0x0b2a, 0x0b30),
+  ...range(0x0b32, 0x0b33),
+  ...range(0x0b36, 0x0b39),
+  ...range(0x0b3d, 0x0b3e),
+  0x0b40,
+  ...range(0x0b47, 0x0b48),
+  ...range(0x0b4b, 0x0b4c),
+  0x0b57,
+  ...range(0x0b5c, 0x0b5d),
+  ...range(0x0b5f, 0x0b61),
+  ...range(0x0b66, 0x0b70),
+  0x0b83,
+  ...range(0x0b85, 0x0b8a),
+  ...range(0x0b8e, 0x0b90),
+  ...range(0x0b92, 0x0b95),
+  ...range(0x0b99, 0x0b9a),
+  0x0b9c,
+  ...range(0x0b9e, 0x0b9f),
+  ...range(0x0ba3, 0x0ba4),
+  ...range(0x0ba8, 0x0baa),
+  ...range(0x0bae, 0x0bb5),
+  ...range(0x0bb7, 0x0bb9),
+  ...range(0x0bbe, 0x0bbf),
+  ...range(0x0bc1, 0x0bc2),
+  ...range(0x0bc6, 0x0bc8),
+  ...range(0x0bca, 0x0bcc),
+  0x0bd7,
+  ...range(0x0be7, 0x0bf2),
+  ...range(0x0c01, 0x0c03),
+  ...range(0x0c05, 0x0c0c),
+  ...range(0x0c0e, 0x0c10),
+  ...range(0x0c12, 0x0c28),
+  ...range(0x0c2a, 0x0c33),
+  ...range(0x0c35, 0x0c39),
+  ...range(0x0c41, 0x0c44),
+  ...range(0x0c60, 0x0c61),
+  ...range(0x0c66, 0x0c6f),
+  ...range(0x0c82, 0x0c83),
+  ...range(0x0c85, 0x0c8c),
+  ...range(0x0c8e, 0x0c90),
+  ...range(0x0c92, 0x0ca8),
+  ...range(0x0caa, 0x0cb3),
+  ...range(0x0cb5, 0x0cb9),
+  0x0cbe,
+  ...range(0x0cc0, 0x0cc4),
+  ...range(0x0cc7, 0x0cc8),
+  ...range(0x0cca, 0x0ccb),
+  ...range(0x0cd5, 0x0cd6),
+  0x0cde,
+  ...range(0x0ce0, 0x0ce1),
+  ...range(0x0ce6, 0x0cef),
+  ...range(0x0d02, 0x0d03),
+  ...range(0x0d05, 0x0d0c),
+  ...range(0x0d0e, 0x0d10),
+  ...range(0x0d12, 0x0d28),
+  ...range(0x0d2a, 0x0d39),
+  ...range(0x0d3e, 0x0d40),
+  ...range(0x0d46, 0x0d48),
+  ...range(0x0d4a, 0x0d4c),
+  0x0d57,
+  ...range(0x0d60, 0x0d61),
+  ...range(0x0d66, 0x0d6f),
+  ...range(0x0d82, 0x0d83),
+  ...range(0x0d85, 0x0d96),
+  ...range(0x0d9a, 0x0db1),
+  ...range(0x0db3, 0x0dbb),
+  0x0dbd,
+  ...range(0x0dc0, 0x0dc6),
+  ...range(0x0dcf, 0x0dd1),
+  ...range(0x0dd8, 0x0ddf),
+  ...range(0x0df2, 0x0df4),
+  ...range(0x0e01, 0x0e30),
+  ...range(0x0e32, 0x0e33),
+  ...range(0x0e40, 0x0e46),
+  ...range(0x0e4f, 0x0e5b),
+  ...range(0x0e81, 0x0e82),
+  0x0e84,
+  ...range(0x0e87, 0x0e88),
+  0x0e8a,
+  0x0e8d,
+  ...range(0x0e94, 0x0e97),
+  ...range(0x0e99, 0x0e9f),
+  ...range(0x0ea1, 0x0ea3),
+  0x0ea5,
+  0x0ea7,
+  ...range(0x0eaa, 0x0eab),
+  ...range(0x0ead, 0x0eb0),
+  ...range(0x0eb2, 0x0eb3),
+  0x0ebd,
+  ...range(0x0ec0, 0x0ec4),
+  0x0ec6,
+  ...range(0x0ed0, 0x0ed9),
+  ...range(0x0edc, 0x0edd),
+  ...range(0x0f00, 0x0f17),
+  ...range(0x0f1a, 0x0f34),
+  0x0f36,
+  0x0f38,
+  ...range(0x0f3e, 0x0f47),
+  ...range(0x0f49, 0x0f6a),
+  0x0f7f,
+  0x0f85,
+  ...range(0x0f88, 0x0f8b),
+  ...range(0x0fbe, 0x0fc5),
+  ...range(0x0fc7, 0x0fcc),
+  0x0fcf,
+  ...range(0x1000, 0x1021),
+  ...range(0x1023, 0x1027),
+  ...range(0x1029, 0x102a),
+  0x102c,
+  0x1031,
+  0x1038,
+  ...range(0x1040, 0x1057),
+  ...range(0x10a0, 0x10c5),
+  ...range(0x10d0, 0x10f8),
+  0x10fb,
+  ...range(0x1100, 0x1159),
+  ...range(0x115f, 0x11a2),
+  ...range(0x11a8, 0x11f9),
+  ...range(0x1200, 0x1206),
+  ...range(0x1208, 0x1246),
+  0x1248,
+  ...range(0x124a, 0x124d),
+  ...range(0x1250, 0x1256),
+  0x1258,
+  ...range(0x125a, 0x125d),
+  ...range(0x1260, 0x1286),
+  0x1288,
+  ...range(0x128a, 0x128d),
+  ...range(0x1290, 0x12ae),
+  0x12b0,
+  ...range(0x12b2, 0x12b5),
+  ...range(0x12b8, 0x12be),
+  0x12c0,
+  ...range(0x12c2, 0x12c5),
+  ...range(0x12c8, 0x12ce),
+  ...range(0x12d0, 0x12d6),
+  ...range(0x12d8, 0x12ee),
+  ...range(0x12f0, 0x130e),
+  0x1310,
+  ...range(0x1312, 0x1315),
+  ...range(0x1318, 0x131e),
+  ...range(0x1320, 0x1346),
+  ...range(0x1348, 0x135a),
+  ...range(0x1361, 0x137c),
+  ...range(0x13a0, 0x13f4),
+  ...range(0x1401, 0x1676),
+  ...range(0x1681, 0x169a),
+  ...range(0x16a0, 0x16f0),
+  ...range(0x1700, 0x170c),
+  ...range(0x170e, 0x1711),
+  ...range(0x1720, 0x1731),
+  ...range(0x1735, 0x1736),
+  ...range(0x1740, 0x1751),
+  ...range(0x1760, 0x176c),
+  ...range(0x176e, 0x1770),
+  ...range(0x1780, 0x17b6),
+  ...range(0x17be, 0x17c5),
+  ...range(0x17c7, 0x17c8),
+  ...range(0x17d4, 0x17da),
+  0x17dc,
+  ...range(0x17e0, 0x17e9),
+  ...range(0x1810, 0x1819),
+  ...range(0x1820, 0x1877),
+  ...range(0x1880, 0x18a8),
+  ...range(0x1e00, 0x1e9b),
+  ...range(0x1ea0, 0x1ef9),
+  ...range(0x1f00, 0x1f15),
+  ...range(0x1f18, 0x1f1d),
+  ...range(0x1f20, 0x1f45),
+  ...range(0x1f48, 0x1f4d),
+  ...range(0x1f50, 0x1f57),
+  0x1f59,
+  0x1f5b,
+  0x1f5d,
+  ...range(0x1f5f, 0x1f7d),
+  ...range(0x1f80, 0x1fb4),
+  ...range(0x1fb6, 0x1fbc),
+  0x1fbe,
+  ...range(0x1fc2, 0x1fc4),
+  ...range(0x1fc6, 0x1fcc),
+  ...range(0x1fd0, 0x1fd3),
+  ...range(0x1fd6, 0x1fdb),
+  ...range(0x1fe0, 0x1fec),
+  ...range(0x1ff2, 0x1ff4),
+  ...range(0x1ff6, 0x1ffc),
+  0x200e,
+  0x2071,
+  0x207f,
+  0x2102,
+  0x2107,
+  ...range(0x210a, 0x2113),
+  0x2115,
+  ...range(0x2119, 0x211d),
+  0x2124,
+  0x2126,
+  0x2128,
+  ...range(0x212a, 0x212d),
+  ...range(0x212f, 0x2131),
+  ...range(0x2133, 0x2139),
+  ...range(0x213d, 0x213f),
+  ...range(0x2145, 0x2149),
+  ...range(0x2160, 0x2183),
+  ...range(0x2336, 0x237a),
+  0x2395,
+  ...range(0x249c, 0x24e9),
+  ...range(0x3005, 0x3007),
+  ...range(0x3021, 0x3029),
+  ...range(0x3031, 0x3035),
+  ...range(0x3038, 0x303c),
+  ...range(0x3041, 0x3096),
+  ...range(0x309d, 0x309f),
+  ...range(0x30a1, 0x30fa),
+  ...range(0x30fc, 0x30ff),
+  ...range(0x3105, 0x312c),
+  ...range(0x3131, 0x318e),
+  ...range(0x3190, 0x31b7),
+  ...range(0x31f0, 0x321c),
+  ...range(0x3220, 0x3243),
+  ...range(0x3260, 0x327b),
+  ...range(0x327f, 0x32b0),
+  ...range(0x32c0, 0x32cb),
+  ...range(0x32d0, 0x32fe),
+  ...range(0x3300, 0x3376),
+  ...range(0x337b, 0x33dd),
+  ...range(0x33e0, 0x33fe),
+  ...range(0x3400, 0x4db5),
+  ...range(0x4e00, 0x9fa5),
+  ...range(0xa000, 0xa48c),
+  ...range(0xac00, 0xd7a3),
+  ...range(0xd800, 0xfa2d),
+  ...range(0xfa30, 0xfa6a),
+  ...range(0xfb00, 0xfb06),
+  ...range(0xfb13, 0xfb17),
+  ...range(0xff21, 0xff3a),
+  ...range(0xff41, 0xff5a),
+  ...range(0xff66, 0xffbe),
+  ...range(0xffc2, 0xffc7),
+  ...range(0xffca, 0xffcf),
+  ...range(0xffd2, 0xffd7),
+  ...range(0xffda, 0xffdc),
+  ...range(0x10300, 0x1031e),
+  ...range(0x10320, 0x10323),
+  ...range(0x10330, 0x1034a),
+  ...range(0x10400, 0x10425),
+  ...range(0x10428, 0x1044d),
+  ...range(0x1d000, 0x1d0f5),
+  ...range(0x1d100, 0x1d126),
+  ...range(0x1d12a, 0x1d166),
+  ...range(0x1d16a, 0x1d172),
+  ...range(0x1d183, 0x1d184),
+  ...range(0x1d18c, 0x1d1a9),
+  ...range(0x1d1ae, 0x1d1dd),
+  ...range(0x1d400, 0x1d454),
+  ...range(0x1d456, 0x1d49c),
+  ...range(0x1d49e, 0x1d49f),
+  0x1d4a2,
+  ...range(0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6),
+  ...range(0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac),
+  ...range(0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9),
+  0x1d4bb,
+  ...range(0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c0),
+  ...range(0x1d4c2, 0x1d4c3),
+  ...range(0x1d4c5, 0x1d505),
+  ...range(0x1d507, 0x1d50a),
+  ...range(0x1d50d, 0x1d514),
+  ...range(0x1d516, 0x1d51c),
+  ...range(0x1d51e, 0x1d539),
+  ...range(0x1d53b, 0x1d53e),
+  ...range(0x1d540, 0x1d544),
+  0x1d546,
+  ...range(0x1d54a, 0x1d550),
+  ...range(0x1d552, 0x1d6a3),
+  ...range(0x1d6a8, 0x1d7c9),
+  ...range(0x20000, 0x2a6d6),
+  ...range(0x2f800, 0x2fa1d),
+  ...range(0xf0000, 0xffffd),
+  ...range(0x100000, 0x10fffd),
+]);
+
+module.exports = {
+  unassigned_code_points,
+  commonly_mapped_to_nothing,
+  non_ASCII_space_characters,
+  prohibited_characters,
+  bidirectional_r_al,
+  bidirectional_l,
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/memory-code-points.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/memory-code-points.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb0289c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/memory-code-points.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const bitfield = require('sparse-bitfield');
+
+/* eslint-disable-next-line security/detect-non-literal-fs-filename */
+const memory = fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, '../code-points.mem'));
+let offset = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Loads each code points sequence from buffer.
+ * @returns {bitfield}
+ */
+function read() {
+  const size = memory.readUInt32BE(offset);
+  offset += 4;
+
+  const codepoints = memory.slice(offset, offset + size);
+  offset += size;
+
+  return bitfield({ buffer: codepoints });
+}
+
+const unassigned_code_points = read();
+const commonly_mapped_to_nothing = read();
+const non_ASCII_space_characters = read();
+const prohibited_characters = read();
+const bidirectional_r_al = read();
+const bidirectional_l = read();
+
+module.exports = {
+  unassigned_code_points,
+  commonly_mapped_to_nothing,
+  non_ASCII_space_characters,
+  prohibited_characters,
+  bidirectional_r_al,
+  bidirectional_l,
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/util.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/util.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..506bdc992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/lib/util.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Create an array of numbers.
+ * @param {number} from
+ * @param {number} to
+ * @returns {number[]}
+ */
+function range(from, to) {
+  // TODO: make this inlined.
+  const list = new Array(to - from + 1);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < list.length; i += 1) {
+    list[i] = from + i;
+  }
+  return list;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  range,
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/package.json b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a900c9d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+{
+  "_from": "saslprep@^1.0.0",
+  "_id": "saslprep@1.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-/MY/PEMbk2SuY5sScONwhUDsV2p77Znkb/q3nSVstq/yQzYJOH/Azh29p9oJLsl3LnQwSvZDKagDGBsBwSooag==",
+  "_location": "/saslprep",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "saslprep@^1.0.0",
+    "name": "saslprep",
+    "escapedName": "saslprep",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongodb"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/saslprep/-/saslprep-1.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "4c02f946b56cf54297e347ba1093e7acac4cf226",
+  "_spec": "saslprep@^1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongodb",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Dmitry Tsvettsikh",
+    "email": "me@reklatsmasters.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "sparse-bitfield": "^3.0.3"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "SASLprep: Stringprep Profile for User Names and Passwords, rfc4013.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@nodertc/eslint-config": "^0.2.1",
+    "eslint": "^5.16.0",
+    "jest": "^23.6.0",
+    "prettier": "^1.14.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=6"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "@nodertc",
+    "rules": {
+      "camelcase": "off",
+      "no-continue": "off"
+    },
+    "overrides": [
+      {
+        "files": [
+          "test/*.js"
+        ],
+        "env": {
+          "jest": true
+        },
+        "rules": {
+          "require-jsdoc": "off"
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep#readme",
+  "jest": {
+    "modulePaths": [
+      "<rootDir>"
+    ],
+    "testMatch": [
+      "**/test/*.js"
+    ],
+    "testPathIgnorePatterns": [
+      "<rootDir>/node_modules/"
+    ]
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "sasl",
+    "saslprep",
+    "stringprep",
+    "rfc4013",
+    "4013"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "saslprep",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/reklatsmasters/saslprep.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "gen-code-points": "node generate-code-points.js > code-points.mem",
+    "lint": "npx eslint --quiet .",
+    "test": "npm run lint && npm run unit-test",
+    "unit-test": "npx jest"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ff3d70d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# saslprep
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/reklatsmasters/saslprep.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/reklatsmasters/saslprep)
+[![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/saslprep.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/saslprep)
+[![node](https://img.shields.io/node/v/saslprep.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/saslprep)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/npm/l/saslprep.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/saslprep)
+[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/saslprep.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/saslprep)
+
+Stringprep Profile for User Names and Passwords, [rfc4013](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4013)
+
+### Usage
+
+```js
+const saslprep = require('saslprep')
+
+saslprep('password\u00AD') // password
+saslprep('password\u0007') // Error: prohibited character
+```
+
+### API
+
+##### `saslprep(input: String, opts: Options): String`
+
+Normalize user name or password.
+
+##### `Options.allowUnassigned: bool`
+
+A special behavior for unassigned code points, see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4013#section-2.5. Disabled by default.
+
+## License
+
+MIT, 2017-2019 (c) Dmitriy Tsvettsikh
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80c71af5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const saslprep = require('..');
+
+const chr = String.fromCodePoint;
+
+test('should work with liatin letters', () => {
+  const str = 'user';
+  expect(saslprep(str)).toEqual(str);
+});
+
+test('should work be case preserved', () => {
+  const str = 'USER';
+  expect(saslprep(str)).toEqual(str);
+});
+
+test('should work with high code points (> U+FFFF)', () => {
+  const str = '\uD83D\uDE00';
+  expect(saslprep(str, { allowUnassigned: true })).toEqual(str);
+});
+
+test('should remove `mapped to nothing` characters', () => {
+  expect(saslprep('I\u00ADX')).toEqual('IX');
+});
+
+test('should replace `Non-ASCII space characters` with space', () => {
+  expect(saslprep('a\u00A0b')).toEqual('a\u0020b');
+});
+
+test('should normalize as NFKC', () => {
+  expect(saslprep('\u00AA')).toEqual('a');
+  expect(saslprep('\u2168')).toEqual('IX');
+});
+
+test('should throws when prohibited characters', () => {
+  // C.2.1 ASCII control characters
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u007Fb')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.2.2 Non-ASCII control characters
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u06DDb')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.3 Private use
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\uE000b')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.4 Non-character code points
+  expect(() => saslprep(`a${chr(0x1fffe)}b`)).toThrow();
+
+  // C.5 Surrogate codes
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\uD800b')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.6 Inappropriate for plain text
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\uFFF9b')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.7 Inappropriate for canonical representation
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u2FF0b')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.8 Change display properties or are deprecated
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u200Eb')).toThrow();
+
+  // C.9 Tagging characters
+  expect(() => saslprep(`a${chr(0xe0001)}b`)).toThrow();
+});
+
+test('should not containt RandALCat and LCat bidi', () => {
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u06DD\u00AAb')).toThrow();
+});
+
+test('RandALCat should be first and last', () => {
+  expect(() => saslprep('\u0627\u0031\u0628')).not.toThrow();
+  expect(() => saslprep('\u0627\u0031')).toThrow();
+});
+
+test('should handle unassigned code points', () => {
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u0487')).toThrow();
+  expect(() => saslprep('a\u0487', { allowUnassigned: true })).not.toThrow();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/saslprep/test/util.js b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/test/util.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..355db3f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/saslprep/test/util.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const { setFlagsFromString } = require('v8');
+const { range } = require('../lib/util');
+
+// 984 by default.
+setFlagsFromString('--stack_size=500');
+
+test('should work', () => {
+  const list = range(1, 3);
+  expect(list).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
+});
+
+test('should work for large ranges', () => {
+  expect(() => range(1, 1e6)).not.toThrow();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66304fdd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# changes log
+
+## 5.7
+
+* Add `minVersion` method
+
+## 5.6
+
+* Move boolean `loose` param to an options object, with
+  backwards-compatibility protection.
+* Add ability to opt out of special prerelease version handling with
+  the `includePrerelease` option flag.
+
+## 5.5
+
+* Add version coercion capabilities
+
+## 5.4
+
+* Add intersection checking
+
+## 5.3
+
+* Add `minSatisfying` method
+
+## 5.2
+
+* Add `prerelease(v)` that returns prerelease components
+
+## 5.1
+
+* Add Backus-Naur for ranges
+* Remove excessively cute inspection methods
+
+## 5.0
+
+* Remove AMD/Browserified build artifacts
+* Fix ltr and gtr when using the `*` range
+* Fix for range `*` with a prerelease identifier
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/semver/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/README.md b/backend/node_modules/semver/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8dfa5a0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+semver(1) -- The semantic versioner for npm
+===========================================
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+npm install --save semver
+````
+
+## Usage
+
+As a node module:
+
+```js
+const semver = require('semver')
+
+semver.valid('1.2.3') // '1.2.3'
+semver.valid('a.b.c') // null
+semver.clean('  =v1.2.3   ') // '1.2.3'
+semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '1.x || >=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3') // true
+semver.gt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // false
+semver.lt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // true
+semver.minVersion('>=1.0.0') // '1.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('v2')) // '2.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')) // '42.6.7'
+```
+
+As a command-line utility:
+
+```
+$ semver -h
+
+A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
+Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
+
+Options:
+-r --range <range>
+        Print versions that match the specified range.
+
+-i --increment [<level>]
+        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can
+        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.
+        Only one version may be specified.
+
+--preid <identifier>
+        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch or prerelease version increments.
+
+-l --loose
+        Interpret versions and ranges loosely
+
+-p --include-prerelease
+        Always include prerelease versions in range matching
+
+-c --coerce
+        Coerce a string into SemVer if possible
+        (does not imply --loose)
+
+Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
+all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
+
+If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
+
+Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
+multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.
+```
+
+## Versions
+
+A "version" is described by the `v2.0.0` specification found at
+<https://semver.org/>.
+
+A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
+
+## Ranges
+
+A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
+that satisfy the range.
+
+A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`.  The set
+of primitive `operators` is:
+
+* `<` Less than
+* `<=` Less than or equal to
+* `>` Greater than
+* `>=` Greater than or equal to
+* `=` Equal.  If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
+  so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
+
+For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+Comparators can be joined by whitespace to form a `comparator set`,
+which is satisfied by the **intersection** of all of the comparators
+it includes.
+
+A range is composed of one or more comparator sets, joined by `||`.  A
+version matches a range if and only if every comparator in at least
+one of the `||`-separated comparator sets is satisfied by the version.
+
+For example, the range `>=1.2.7 <1.3.0` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, and `1.2.99`, but not the versions `1.2.6`, `1.3.0`,
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+The range `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0` would match the versions `1.2.7`,
+`1.2.9`, and `1.4.6`, but not the versions `1.2.8` or `2.0.0`.
+
+### Prerelease Tags
+
+If a version has a prerelease tag (for example, `1.2.3-alpha.3`) then
+it will only be allowed to satisfy comparator sets if at least one
+comparator with the same `[major, minor, patch]` tuple also has a
+prerelease tag.
+
+For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
+version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
+`3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
+than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules.  The version
+range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version.  The
+version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
+prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
+
+The purpose for this behavior is twofold.  First, prerelease versions
+frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
+that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
+Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
+semantics.
+
+Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
+clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
+alpha/beta/rc versions.  By including a prerelease tag in the range,
+the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk.  However, it
+is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
+similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
+
+Note that this behavior can be suppressed (treating all prerelease
+versions as if they were normal versions, for the purpose of range
+matching) by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
+object to any
+[functions](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions) that do
+range matching.
+
+#### Prerelease Identifiers
+
+The method `.inc` takes an additional `identifier` string argument that
+will append the value of the string as a prerelease identifier:
+
+```javascript
+semver.inc('1.2.3', 'prerelease', 'beta')
+// '1.2.4-beta.0'
+```
+
+command-line example:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.3 -i prerelease --preid beta
+1.2.4-beta.0
+```
+
+Which then can be used to increment further:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.4-beta.0 -i prerelease
+1.2.4-beta.1
+```
+
+### Advanced Range Syntax
+
+Advanced range syntax desugars to primitive comparators in
+deterministic ways.
+
+Advanced ranges may be combined in the same way as primitive
+comparators using white space or `||`.
+
+#### Hyphen Ranges `X.Y.Z - A.B.C`
+
+Specifies an inclusive set.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.3 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the first version in the inclusive
+range, then the missing pieces are replaced with zeroes.
+
+* `1.2 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.0 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the second version in the
+inclusive range, then all versions that start with the supplied parts
+of the tuple are accepted, but nothing that would be greater than the
+provided tuple parts.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.4.0`
+* `1.2.3 - 2` := `>=1.2.3 <3.0.0`
+
+#### X-Ranges `1.2.x` `1.X` `1.2.*` `*`
+
+Any of `X`, `x`, or `*` may be used to "stand in" for one of the
+numeric values in the `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+* `*` := `>=0.0.0` (Any version satisfies)
+* `1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Matching major version)
+* `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Matching major and minor versions)
+
+A partial version range is treated as an X-Range, so the special
+character is in fact optional.
+
+* `""` (empty string) := `*` := `>=0.0.0`
+* `1` := `1.x.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `1.2` := `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0`
+
+#### Tilde Ranges `~1.2.3` `~1.2` `~1`
+
+Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the
+comparator.  Allows minor-level changes if not.
+
+* `~1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0`
+* `~1.2` := `>=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Same as `1.2.x`)
+* `~1` := `>=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Same as `1.x`)
+* `~0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `~0.2` := `>=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0` (Same as `0.2.x`)
+* `~0` := `>=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0` (Same as `0.x`)
+* `~1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <1.3.0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+#### Caret Ranges `^1.2.3` `^0.2.5` `^0.0.4`
+
+Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero digit in the
+`[major, minor, patch]` tuple.  In other words, this allows patch and
+minor updates for versions `1.0.0` and above, patch updates for
+versions `0.X >=0.1.0`, and *no* updates for versions `0.0.X`.
+
+Many authors treat a `0.x` version as if the `x` were the major
+"breaking-change" indicator.
+
+Caret ranges are ideal when an author may make breaking changes
+between `0.2.4` and `0.3.0` releases, which is a common practice.
+However, it presumes that there will *not* be breaking changes between
+`0.2.4` and `0.2.5`.  It allows for changes that are presumed to be
+additive (but non-breaking), according to commonly observed practices.
+
+* `^1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `^0.0.3` := `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4`
+* `^1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <2.0.0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+* `^0.0.3-beta` := `>=0.0.3-beta <0.0.4`  Note that prereleases in the
+  `0.0.3` version *only* will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta`.  So, `0.0.3-pr.2` would be allowed.
+
+When parsing caret ranges, a missing `patch` value desugars to the
+number `0`, but will allow flexibility within that value, even if the
+major and minor versions are both `0`.
+
+* `^1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+* `^0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+
+A missing `minor` and `patch` values will desugar to zero, but also
+allow flexibility within those values, even if the major version is
+zero.
+
+* `^1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0`
+
+### Range Grammar
+
+Putting all this together, here is a Backus-Naur grammar for ranges,
+for the benefit of parser authors:
+
+```bnf
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | ['1'-'9'] ( ['0'-'9'] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
+```
+
+## Functions
+
+All methods and classes take a final `options` object argument.  All
+options in this object are `false` by default.  The options supported
+are:
+
+- `loose`  Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
+  (Any resulting output will always be 100% strict compliant, of
+  course.)  For backwards compatibility reasons, if the `options`
+  argument is a boolean value instead of an object, it is interpreted
+  to be the `loose` param.
+- `includePrerelease`  Set to suppress the [default
+  behavior](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#prerelease-tags) of
+  excluding prerelease tagged versions from ranges unless they are
+  explicitly opted into.
+
+Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
+strings that they parse.
+
+* `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
+* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
+  type (`major`,   `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
+  `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
+  * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
+    version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
+    `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
+  * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
+    same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
+    prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
+    increments it.
+* `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
+  if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
+* `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
+* `minor(v)`: Return the minor version number.
+* `patch(v)`: Return the patch version number.
+* `intersects(r1, r2, loose)`: Return true if the two supplied ranges
+  or comparators intersect.
+* `parse(v)`: Attempt to parse a string as a semantic version, returning either
+  a `SemVer` object or `null`.
+
+### Comparison
+
+* `gt(v1, v2)`: `v1 > v2`
+* `gte(v1, v2)`: `v1 >= v2`
+* `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
+* `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
+* `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
+  even if they're not the exact same string.  You already know how to
+  compare strings.
+* `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
+* `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
+  the corresponding function above.  `"==="` and `"!=="` do simple
+  string comparison, but are included for completeness.  Throws if an
+  invalid comparison string is provided.
+* `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
+  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare.  Sorts an array of versions
+  in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
+  (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
+  or null if the versions are the same.
+
+### Comparators
+
+* `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
+
+### Ranges
+
+* `validRange(range)`: Return the valid range or null if it's not valid
+* `satisfies(version, range)`: Return true if the version satisfies the
+  range.
+* `maxSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the highest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can possibly match
+  the given range.
+* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
+  the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction.  The
+  `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`.  (This is
+  the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
+* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
+
+Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
+greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range!  For
+example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
+until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
+range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
+range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
+satisfy the range.
+
+If you want to know if a version satisfies or does not satisfy a
+range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.
+
+### Coercion
+
+* `coerce(version)`: Coerces a string to semver if possible
+
+This aims to provide a very forgiving translation of a non-semver string to
+semver. It looks for the first digit in a string, and consumes all
+remaining characters which satisfy at least a partial semver (e.g., `1`,
+`1.2`, `1.2.3`) up to the max permitted length (256 characters).  Longer
+versions are simply truncated (`4.6.3.9.2-alpha2` becomes `4.6.3`).  All
+surrounding text is simply ignored (`v3.4 replaces v3.3.1` becomes
+`3.4.0`).  Only text which lacks digits will fail coercion (`version one`
+is not valid).  The maximum  length for any semver component considered for
+coercion is 16 characters; longer components will be ignored
+(`10000000000000000.4.7.4` becomes `4.7.4`).  The maximum value for any
+semver component is `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || (2**53 - 1)`; higher value
+components are invalid (`9999999999999999.4.7.4` is likely invalid).
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/bin/semver b/backend/node_modules/semver/bin/semver
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..801e77f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/bin/semver
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Standalone semver comparison program.
+// Exits successfully and prints matching version(s) if
+// any supplied version is valid and passes all tests.
+
+var argv = process.argv.slice(2)
+
+var versions = []
+
+var range = []
+
+var inc = null
+
+var version = require('../package.json').version
+
+var loose = false
+
+var includePrerelease = false
+
+var coerce = false
+
+var identifier
+
+var semver = require('../semver')
+
+var reverse = false
+
+var options = {}
+
+main()
+
+function main () {
+  if (!argv.length) return help()
+  while (argv.length) {
+    var a = argv.shift()
+    var indexOfEqualSign = a.indexOf('=')
+    if (indexOfEqualSign !== -1) {
+      a = a.slice(0, indexOfEqualSign)
+      argv.unshift(a.slice(indexOfEqualSign + 1))
+    }
+    switch (a) {
+      case '-rv': case '-rev': case '--rev': case '--reverse':
+        reverse = true
+        break
+      case '-l': case '--loose':
+        loose = true
+        break
+      case '-p': case '--include-prerelease':
+        includePrerelease = true
+        break
+      case '-v': case '--version':
+        versions.push(argv.shift())
+        break
+      case '-i': case '--inc': case '--increment':
+        switch (argv[0]) {
+          case 'major': case 'minor': case 'patch': case 'prerelease':
+          case 'premajor': case 'preminor': case 'prepatch':
+            inc = argv.shift()
+            break
+          default:
+            inc = 'patch'
+            break
+        }
+        break
+      case '--preid':
+        identifier = argv.shift()
+        break
+      case '-r': case '--range':
+        range.push(argv.shift())
+        break
+      case '-c': case '--coerce':
+        coerce = true
+        break
+      case '-h': case '--help': case '-?':
+        return help()
+      default:
+        versions.push(a)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  var options = { loose: loose, includePrerelease: includePrerelease }
+
+  versions = versions.map(function (v) {
+    return coerce ? (semver.coerce(v) || { version: v }).version : v
+  }).filter(function (v) {
+    return semver.valid(v)
+  })
+  if (!versions.length) return fail()
+  if (inc && (versions.length !== 1 || range.length)) { return failInc() }
+
+  for (var i = 0, l = range.length; i < l; i++) {
+    versions = versions.filter(function (v) {
+      return semver.satisfies(v, range[i], options)
+    })
+    if (!versions.length) return fail()
+  }
+  return success(versions)
+}
+
+function failInc () {
+  console.error('--inc can only be used on a single version with no range')
+  fail()
+}
+
+function fail () { process.exit(1) }
+
+function success () {
+  var compare = reverse ? 'rcompare' : 'compare'
+  versions.sort(function (a, b) {
+    return semver[compare](a, b, options)
+  }).map(function (v) {
+    return semver.clean(v, options)
+  }).map(function (v) {
+    return inc ? semver.inc(v, inc, options, identifier) : v
+  }).forEach(function (v, i, _) { console.log(v) })
+}
+
+function help () {
+  console.log(['SemVer ' + version,
+    '',
+    'A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification',
+    'Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter',
+    '',
+    'Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]',
+    'Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence',
+    '',
+    'Options:',
+    '-r --range <range>',
+    '        Print versions that match the specified range.',
+    '',
+    '-i --increment [<level>]',
+    '        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can',
+    '        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,',
+    "        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.",
+    '        Only one version may be specified.',
+    '',
+    '--preid <identifier>',
+    '        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,',
+    '        prepatch or prerelease version increments.',
+    '',
+    '-l --loose',
+    '        Interpret versions and ranges loosely',
+    '',
+    '-p --include-prerelease',
+    '        Always include prerelease versions in range matching',
+    '',
+    '-c --coerce',
+    '        Coerce a string into SemVer if possible',
+    '        (does not imply --loose)',
+    '',
+    'Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies',
+    'all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.',
+    '',
+    'If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.',
+    '',
+    'Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying',
+    'multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.'
+  ].join('\n'))
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/package.json b/backend/node_modules/semver/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..581ced362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "_from": "semver@^5.6.0",
+  "_id": "semver@5.7.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ==",
+  "_location": "/semver",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "semver@^5.6.0",
+    "name": "semver",
+    "escapedName": "semver",
+    "rawSpec": "^5.6.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^5.6.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/jsonwebtoken"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "a954f931aeba508d307bbf069eff0c01c96116f7",
+  "_spec": "semver@^5.6.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\jsonwebtoken",
+  "bin": {
+    "semver": "bin/semver"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The semantic version parser used by npm.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^13.0.0-rc.18"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "bin",
+    "range.bnf",
+    "semver.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "semver.js",
+  "name": "semver",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/node-semver.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --all; git push origin --tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "check-coverage": true
+  },
+  "version": "5.7.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/range.bnf b/backend/node_modules/semver/range.bnf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4c6ae0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/range.bnf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | [1-9] ( [0-9] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/semver/semver.js b/backend/node_modules/semver/semver.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d315d5d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/semver/semver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1483 @@
+exports = module.exports = SemVer
+
+var debug
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (typeof process === 'object' &&
+    process.env &&
+    process.env.NODE_DEBUG &&
+    /\bsemver\b/i.test(process.env.NODE_DEBUG)) {
+  debug = function () {
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)
+    args.unshift('SEMVER')
+    console.log.apply(console, args)
+  }
+} else {
+  debug = function () {}
+}
+
+// Note: this is the semver.org version of the spec that it implements
+// Not necessarily the package version of this code.
+exports.SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION = '2.0.0'
+
+var MAX_LENGTH = 256
+var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER ||
+  /* istanbul ignore next */ 9007199254740991
+
+// Max safe segment length for coercion.
+var MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH = 16
+
+// The actual regexps go on exports.re
+var re = exports.re = []
+var src = exports.src = []
+var R = 0
+
+// The following Regular Expressions can be used for tokenizing,
+// validating, and parsing SemVer version strings.
+
+// ## Numeric Identifier
+// A single `0`, or a non-zero digit followed by zero or more digits.
+
+var NUMERICIDENTIFIER = R++
+src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] = '0|[1-9]\\d*'
+var NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE = R++
+src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = '[0-9]+'
+
+// ## Non-numeric Identifier
+// Zero or more digits, followed by a letter or hyphen, and then zero or
+// more letters, digits, or hyphens.
+
+var NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER = R++
+src[NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] = '\\d*[a-zA-Z-][a-zA-Z0-9-]*'
+
+// ## Main Version
+// Three dot-separated numeric identifiers.
+
+var MAINVERSION = R++
+src[MAINVERSION] = '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')\\.' +
+                   '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')\\.' +
+                   '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')'
+
+var MAINVERSIONLOOSE = R++
+src[MAINVERSIONLOOSE] = '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')\\.' +
+                        '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')\\.' +
+                        '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')'
+
+// ## Pre-release Version Identifier
+// A numeric identifier, or a non-numeric identifier.
+
+var PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER = R++
+src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] = '(?:' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] +
+                            '|' + src[NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')'
+
+var PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE = R++
+src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = '(?:' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] +
+                                 '|' + src[NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')'
+
+// ## Pre-release Version
+// Hyphen, followed by one or more dot-separated pre-release version
+// identifiers.
+
+var PRERELEASE = R++
+src[PRERELEASE] = '(?:-(' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] +
+                  '(?:\\.' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] + ')*))'
+
+var PRERELEASELOOSE = R++
+src[PRERELEASELOOSE] = '(?:-?(' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] +
+                       '(?:\\.' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')*))'
+
+// ## Build Metadata Identifier
+// Any combination of digits, letters, or hyphens.
+
+var BUILDIDENTIFIER = R++
+src[BUILDIDENTIFIER] = '[0-9A-Za-z-]+'
+
+// ## Build Metadata
+// Plus sign, followed by one or more period-separated build metadata
+// identifiers.
+
+var BUILD = R++
+src[BUILD] = '(?:\\+(' + src[BUILDIDENTIFIER] +
+             '(?:\\.' + src[BUILDIDENTIFIER] + ')*))'
+
+// ## Full Version String
+// A main version, followed optionally by a pre-release version and
+// build metadata.
+
+// Note that the only major, minor, patch, and pre-release sections of
+// the version string are capturing groups.  The build metadata is not a
+// capturing group, because it should not ever be used in version
+// comparison.
+
+var FULL = R++
+var FULLPLAIN = 'v?' + src[MAINVERSION] +
+                src[PRERELEASE] + '?' +
+                src[BUILD] + '?'
+
+src[FULL] = '^' + FULLPLAIN + '$'
+
+// like full, but allows v1.2.3 and =1.2.3, which people do sometimes.
+// also, 1.0.0alpha1 (prerelease without the hyphen) which is pretty
+// common in the npm registry.
+var LOOSEPLAIN = '[v=\\s]*' + src[MAINVERSIONLOOSE] +
+                 src[PRERELEASELOOSE] + '?' +
+                 src[BUILD] + '?'
+
+var LOOSE = R++
+src[LOOSE] = '^' + LOOSEPLAIN + '$'
+
+var GTLT = R++
+src[GTLT] = '((?:<|>)?=?)'
+
+// Something like "2.*" or "1.2.x".
+// Note that "x.x" is a valid xRange identifer, meaning "any version"
+// Only the first item is strictly required.
+var XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE = R++
+src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + '|x|X|\\*'
+var XRANGEIDENTIFIER = R++
+src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] = src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + '|x|X|\\*'
+
+var XRANGEPLAIN = R++
+src[XRANGEPLAIN] = '[v=\\s]*(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:' + src[PRERELEASE] + ')?' +
+                   src[BUILD] + '?' +
+                   ')?)?'
+
+var XRANGEPLAINLOOSE = R++
+src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] = '[v=\\s]*(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:' + src[PRERELEASELOOSE] + ')?' +
+                        src[BUILD] + '?' +
+                        ')?)?'
+
+var XRANGE = R++
+src[XRANGE] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + '$'
+var XRANGELOOSE = R++
+src[XRANGELOOSE] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*' + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$'
+
+// Coercion.
+// Extract anything that could conceivably be a part of a valid semver
+var COERCE = R++
+src[COERCE] = '(?:^|[^\\d])' +
+              '(\\d{1,' + MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH + '})' +
+              '(?:\\.(\\d{1,' + MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH + '}))?' +
+              '(?:\\.(\\d{1,' + MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH + '}))?' +
+              '(?:$|[^\\d])'
+
+// Tilde ranges.
+// Meaning is "reasonably at or greater than"
+var LONETILDE = R++
+src[LONETILDE] = '(?:~>?)'
+
+var TILDETRIM = R++
+src[TILDETRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[LONETILDE] + '\\s+'
+re[TILDETRIM] = new RegExp(src[TILDETRIM], 'g')
+var tildeTrimReplace = '$1~'
+
+var TILDE = R++
+src[TILDE] = '^' + src[LONETILDE] + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + '$'
+var TILDELOOSE = R++
+src[TILDELOOSE] = '^' + src[LONETILDE] + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$'
+
+// Caret ranges.
+// Meaning is "at least and backwards compatible with"
+var LONECARET = R++
+src[LONECARET] = '(?:\\^)'
+
+var CARETTRIM = R++
+src[CARETTRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[LONECARET] + '\\s+'
+re[CARETTRIM] = new RegExp(src[CARETTRIM], 'g')
+var caretTrimReplace = '$1^'
+
+var CARET = R++
+src[CARET] = '^' + src[LONECARET] + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + '$'
+var CARETLOOSE = R++
+src[CARETLOOSE] = '^' + src[LONECARET] + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$'
+
+// A simple gt/lt/eq thing, or just "" to indicate "any version"
+var COMPARATORLOOSE = R++
+src[COMPARATORLOOSE] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*(' + LOOSEPLAIN + ')$|^$'
+var COMPARATOR = R++
+src[COMPARATOR] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*(' + FULLPLAIN + ')$|^$'
+
+// An expression to strip any whitespace between the gtlt and the thing
+// it modifies, so that `> 1.2.3` ==> `>1.2.3`
+var COMPARATORTRIM = R++
+src[COMPARATORTRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[GTLT] +
+                      '\\s*(' + LOOSEPLAIN + '|' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + ')'
+
+// this one has to use the /g flag
+re[COMPARATORTRIM] = new RegExp(src[COMPARATORTRIM], 'g')
+var comparatorTrimReplace = '$1$2$3'
+
+// Something like `1.2.3 - 1.2.4`
+// Note that these all use the loose form, because they'll be
+// checked against either the strict or loose comparator form
+// later.
+var HYPHENRANGE = R++
+src[HYPHENRANGE] = '^\\s*(' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + ')' +
+                   '\\s+-\\s+' +
+                   '(' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + ')' +
+                   '\\s*$'
+
+var HYPHENRANGELOOSE = R++
+src[HYPHENRANGELOOSE] = '^\\s*(' + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '\\s+-\\s+' +
+                        '(' + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '\\s*$'
+
+// Star ranges basically just allow anything at all.
+var STAR = R++
+src[STAR] = '(<|>)?=?\\s*\\*'
+
+// Compile to actual regexp objects.
+// All are flag-free, unless they were created above with a flag.
+for (var i = 0; i < R; i++) {
+  debug(i, src[i])
+  if (!re[i]) {
+    re[i] = new RegExp(src[i])
+  }
+}
+
+exports.parse = parse
+function parse (version, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    return version
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (version.length > MAX_LENGTH) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  var r = options.loose ? re[LOOSE] : re[FULL]
+  if (!r.test(version)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+exports.valid = valid
+function valid (version, options) {
+  var v = parse(version, options)
+  return v ? v.version : null
+}
+
+exports.clean = clean
+function clean (version, options) {
+  var s = parse(version.trim().replace(/^[=v]+/, ''), options)
+  return s ? s.version : null
+}
+
+exports.SemVer = SemVer
+
+function SemVer (version, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    if (version.loose === options.loose) {
+      return version
+    } else {
+      version = version.version
+    }
+  } else if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid Version: ' + version)
+  }
+
+  if (version.length > MAX_LENGTH) {
+    throw new TypeError('version is longer than ' + MAX_LENGTH + ' characters')
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof SemVer)) {
+    return new SemVer(version, options)
+  }
+
+  debug('SemVer', version, options)
+  this.options = options
+  this.loose = !!options.loose
+
+  var m = version.trim().match(options.loose ? re[LOOSE] : re[FULL])
+
+  if (!m) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid Version: ' + version)
+  }
+
+  this.raw = version
+
+  // these are actually numbers
+  this.major = +m[1]
+  this.minor = +m[2]
+  this.patch = +m[3]
+
+  if (this.major > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.major < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid major version')
+  }
+
+  if (this.minor > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.minor < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid minor version')
+  }
+
+  if (this.patch > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || this.patch < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid patch version')
+  }
+
+  // numberify any prerelease numeric ids
+  if (!m[4]) {
+    this.prerelease = []
+  } else {
+    this.prerelease = m[4].split('.').map(function (id) {
+      if (/^[0-9]+$/.test(id)) {
+        var num = +id
+        if (num >= 0 && num < MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+          return num
+        }
+      }
+      return id
+    })
+  }
+
+  this.build = m[5] ? m[5].split('.') : []
+  this.format()
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.format = function () {
+  this.version = this.major + '.' + this.minor + '.' + this.patch
+  if (this.prerelease.length) {
+    this.version += '-' + this.prerelease.join('.')
+  }
+  return this.version
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.version
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.compare = function (other) {
+  debug('SemVer.compare', this.version, this.options, other)
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  return this.compareMain(other) || this.comparePre(other)
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.compareMain = function (other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  return compareIdentifiers(this.major, other.major) ||
+         compareIdentifiers(this.minor, other.minor) ||
+         compareIdentifiers(this.patch, other.patch)
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.comparePre = function (other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer)) {
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.options)
+  }
+
+  // NOT having a prerelease is > having one
+  if (this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length) {
+    return -1
+  } else if (!this.prerelease.length && other.prerelease.length) {
+    return 1
+  } else if (!this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  var i = 0
+  do {
+    var a = this.prerelease[i]
+    var b = other.prerelease[i]
+    debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b)
+    if (a === undefined && b === undefined) {
+      return 0
+    } else if (b === undefined) {
+      return 1
+    } else if (a === undefined) {
+      return -1
+    } else if (a === b) {
+      continue
+    } else {
+      return compareIdentifiers(a, b)
+    }
+  } while (++i)
+}
+
+// preminor will bump the version up to the next minor release, and immediately
+// down to pre-release. premajor and prepatch work the same way.
+SemVer.prototype.inc = function (release, identifier) {
+  switch (release) {
+    case 'premajor':
+      this.prerelease.length = 0
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.minor = 0
+      this.major++
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+    case 'preminor':
+      this.prerelease.length = 0
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.minor++
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+    case 'prepatch':
+      // If this is already a prerelease, it will bump to the next version
+      // drop any prereleases that might already exist, since they are not
+      // relevant at this point.
+      this.prerelease.length = 0
+      this.inc('patch', identifier)
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+    // If the input is a non-prerelease version, this acts the same as
+    // prepatch.
+    case 'prerelease':
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.inc('patch', identifier)
+      }
+      this.inc('pre', identifier)
+      break
+
+    case 'major':
+      // If this is a pre-major version, bump up to the same major version.
+      // Otherwise increment major.
+      // 1.0.0-5 bumps to 1.0.0
+      // 1.1.0 bumps to 2.0.0
+      if (this.minor !== 0 ||
+          this.patch !== 0 ||
+          this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.major++
+      }
+      this.minor = 0
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.prerelease = []
+      break
+    case 'minor':
+      // If this is a pre-minor version, bump up to the same minor version.
+      // Otherwise increment minor.
+      // 1.2.0-5 bumps to 1.2.0
+      // 1.2.1 bumps to 1.3.0
+      if (this.patch !== 0 || this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.minor++
+      }
+      this.patch = 0
+      this.prerelease = []
+      break
+    case 'patch':
+      // If this is not a pre-release version, it will increment the patch.
+      // If it is a pre-release it will bump up to the same patch version.
+      // 1.2.0-5 patches to 1.2.0
+      // 1.2.0 patches to 1.2.1
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.patch++
+      }
+      this.prerelease = []
+      break
+    // This probably shouldn't be used publicly.
+    // 1.0.0 "pre" would become 1.0.0-0 which is the wrong direction.
+    case 'pre':
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0) {
+        this.prerelease = [0]
+      } else {
+        var i = this.prerelease.length
+        while (--i >= 0) {
+          if (typeof this.prerelease[i] === 'number') {
+            this.prerelease[i]++
+            i = -2
+          }
+        }
+        if (i === -1) {
+          // didn't increment anything
+          this.prerelease.push(0)
+        }
+      }
+      if (identifier) {
+        // 1.2.0-beta.1 bumps to 1.2.0-beta.2,
+        // 1.2.0-beta.fooblz or 1.2.0-beta bumps to 1.2.0-beta.0
+        if (this.prerelease[0] === identifier) {
+          if (isNaN(this.prerelease[1])) {
+            this.prerelease = [identifier, 0]
+          }
+        } else {
+          this.prerelease = [identifier, 0]
+        }
+      }
+      break
+
+    default:
+      throw new Error('invalid increment argument: ' + release)
+  }
+  this.format()
+  this.raw = this.version
+  return this
+}
+
+exports.inc = inc
+function inc (version, release, loose, identifier) {
+  if (typeof (loose) === 'string') {
+    identifier = loose
+    loose = undefined
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, loose).inc(release, identifier).version
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+exports.diff = diff
+function diff (version1, version2) {
+  if (eq(version1, version2)) {
+    return null
+  } else {
+    var v1 = parse(version1)
+    var v2 = parse(version2)
+    var prefix = ''
+    if (v1.prerelease.length || v2.prerelease.length) {
+      prefix = 'pre'
+      var defaultResult = 'prerelease'
+    }
+    for (var key in v1) {
+      if (key === 'major' || key === 'minor' || key === 'patch') {
+        if (v1[key] !== v2[key]) {
+          return prefix + key
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return defaultResult // may be undefined
+  }
+}
+
+exports.compareIdentifiers = compareIdentifiers
+
+var numeric = /^[0-9]+$/
+function compareIdentifiers (a, b) {
+  var anum = numeric.test(a)
+  var bnum = numeric.test(b)
+
+  if (anum && bnum) {
+    a = +a
+    b = +b
+  }
+
+  return a === b ? 0
+    : (anum && !bnum) ? -1
+    : (bnum && !anum) ? 1
+    : a < b ? -1
+    : 1
+}
+
+exports.rcompareIdentifiers = rcompareIdentifiers
+function rcompareIdentifiers (a, b) {
+  return compareIdentifiers(b, a)
+}
+
+exports.major = major
+function major (a, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).major
+}
+
+exports.minor = minor
+function minor (a, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).minor
+}
+
+exports.patch = patch
+function patch (a, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).patch
+}
+
+exports.compare = compare
+function compare (a, b, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).compare(new SemVer(b, loose))
+}
+
+exports.compareLoose = compareLoose
+function compareLoose (a, b) {
+  return compare(a, b, true)
+}
+
+exports.rcompare = rcompare
+function rcompare (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(b, a, loose)
+}
+
+exports.sort = sort
+function sort (list, loose) {
+  return list.sort(function (a, b) {
+    return exports.compare(a, b, loose)
+  })
+}
+
+exports.rsort = rsort
+function rsort (list, loose) {
+  return list.sort(function (a, b) {
+    return exports.rcompare(a, b, loose)
+  })
+}
+
+exports.gt = gt
+function gt (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) > 0
+}
+
+exports.lt = lt
+function lt (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) < 0
+}
+
+exports.eq = eq
+function eq (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) === 0
+}
+
+exports.neq = neq
+function neq (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) !== 0
+}
+
+exports.gte = gte
+function gte (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) >= 0
+}
+
+exports.lte = lte
+function lte (a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) <= 0
+}
+
+exports.cmp = cmp
+function cmp (a, op, b, loose) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case '===':
+      if (typeof a === 'object')
+        a = a.version
+      if (typeof b === 'object')
+        b = b.version
+      return a === b
+
+    case '!==':
+      if (typeof a === 'object')
+        a = a.version
+      if (typeof b === 'object')
+        b = b.version
+      return a !== b
+
+    case '':
+    case '=':
+    case '==':
+      return eq(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '!=':
+      return neq(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '>':
+      return gt(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '>=':
+      return gte(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '<':
+      return lt(a, b, loose)
+
+    case '<=':
+      return lte(a, b, loose)
+
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid operator: ' + op)
+  }
+}
+
+exports.Comparator = Comparator
+function Comparator (comp, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (comp instanceof Comparator) {
+    if (comp.loose === !!options.loose) {
+      return comp
+    } else {
+      comp = comp.value
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Comparator)) {
+    return new Comparator(comp, options)
+  }
+
+  debug('comparator', comp, options)
+  this.options = options
+  this.loose = !!options.loose
+  this.parse(comp)
+
+  if (this.semver === ANY) {
+    this.value = ''
+  } else {
+    this.value = this.operator + this.semver.version
+  }
+
+  debug('comp', this)
+}
+
+var ANY = {}
+Comparator.prototype.parse = function (comp) {
+  var r = this.options.loose ? re[COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[COMPARATOR]
+  var m = comp.match(r)
+
+  if (!m) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid comparator: ' + comp)
+  }
+
+  this.operator = m[1]
+  if (this.operator === '=') {
+    this.operator = ''
+  }
+
+  // if it literally is just '>' or '' then allow anything.
+  if (!m[2]) {
+    this.semver = ANY
+  } else {
+    this.semver = new SemVer(m[2], this.options.loose)
+  }
+}
+
+Comparator.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.value
+}
+
+Comparator.prototype.test = function (version) {
+  debug('Comparator.test', version, this.options.loose)
+
+  if (this.semver === ANY) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version === 'string') {
+    version = new SemVer(version, this.options)
+  }
+
+  return cmp(version, this.operator, this.semver, this.options)
+}
+
+Comparator.prototype.intersects = function (comp, options) {
+  if (!(comp instanceof Comparator)) {
+    throw new TypeError('a Comparator is required')
+  }
+
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  var rangeTmp
+
+  if (this.operator === '') {
+    rangeTmp = new Range(comp.value, options)
+    return satisfies(this.value, rangeTmp, options)
+  } else if (comp.operator === '') {
+    rangeTmp = new Range(this.value, options)
+    return satisfies(comp.semver, rangeTmp, options)
+  }
+
+  var sameDirectionIncreasing =
+    (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '>') &&
+    (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '>')
+  var sameDirectionDecreasing =
+    (this.operator === '<=' || this.operator === '<') &&
+    (comp.operator === '<=' || comp.operator === '<')
+  var sameSemVer = this.semver.version === comp.semver.version
+  var differentDirectionsInclusive =
+    (this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '<=') &&
+    (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '<=')
+  var oppositeDirectionsLessThan =
+    cmp(this.semver, '<', comp.semver, options) &&
+    ((this.operator === '>=' || this.operator === '>') &&
+    (comp.operator === '<=' || comp.operator === '<'))
+  var oppositeDirectionsGreaterThan =
+    cmp(this.semver, '>', comp.semver, options) &&
+    ((this.operator === '<=' || this.operator === '<') &&
+    (comp.operator === '>=' || comp.operator === '>'))
+
+  return sameDirectionIncreasing || sameDirectionDecreasing ||
+    (sameSemVer && differentDirectionsInclusive) ||
+    oppositeDirectionsLessThan || oppositeDirectionsGreaterThan
+}
+
+exports.Range = Range
+function Range (range, options) {
+  if (!options || typeof options !== 'object') {
+    options = {
+      loose: !!options,
+      includePrerelease: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (range instanceof Range) {
+    if (range.loose === !!options.loose &&
+        range.includePrerelease === !!options.includePrerelease) {
+      return range
+    } else {
+      return new Range(range.raw, options)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (range instanceof Comparator) {
+    return new Range(range.value, options)
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Range)) {
+    return new Range(range, options)
+  }
+
+  this.options = options
+  this.loose = !!options.loose
+  this.includePrerelease = !!options.includePrerelease
+
+  // First, split based on boolean or ||
+  this.raw = range
+  this.set = range.split(/\s*\|\|\s*/).map(function (range) {
+    return this.parseRange(range.trim())
+  }, this).filter(function (c) {
+    // throw out any that are not relevant for whatever reason
+    return c.length
+  })
+
+  if (!this.set.length) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid SemVer Range: ' + range)
+  }
+
+  this.format()
+}
+
+Range.prototype.format = function () {
+  this.range = this.set.map(function (comps) {
+    return comps.join(' ').trim()
+  }).join('||').trim()
+  return this.range
+}
+
+Range.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.range
+}
+
+Range.prototype.parseRange = function (range) {
+  var loose = this.options.loose
+  range = range.trim()
+  // `1.2.3 - 1.2.4` => `>=1.2.3 <=1.2.4`
+  var hr = loose ? re[HYPHENRANGELOOSE] : re[HYPHENRANGE]
+  range = range.replace(hr, hyphenReplace)
+  debug('hyphen replace', range)
+  // `> 1.2.3 < 1.2.5` => `>1.2.3 <1.2.5`
+  range = range.replace(re[COMPARATORTRIM], comparatorTrimReplace)
+  debug('comparator trim', range, re[COMPARATORTRIM])
+
+  // `~ 1.2.3` => `~1.2.3`
+  range = range.replace(re[TILDETRIM], tildeTrimReplace)
+
+  // `^ 1.2.3` => `^1.2.3`
+  range = range.replace(re[CARETTRIM], caretTrimReplace)
+
+  // normalize spaces
+  range = range.split(/\s+/).join(' ')
+
+  // At this point, the range is completely trimmed and
+  // ready to be split into comparators.
+
+  var compRe = loose ? re[COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[COMPARATOR]
+  var set = range.split(' ').map(function (comp) {
+    return parseComparator(comp, this.options)
+  }, this).join(' ').split(/\s+/)
+  if (this.options.loose) {
+    // in loose mode, throw out any that are not valid comparators
+    set = set.filter(function (comp) {
+      return !!comp.match(compRe)
+    })
+  }
+  set = set.map(function (comp) {
+    return new Comparator(comp, this.options)
+  }, this)
+
+  return set
+}
+
+Range.prototype.intersects = function (range, options) {
+  if (!(range instanceof Range)) {
+    throw new TypeError('a Range is required')
+  }
+
+  return this.set.some(function (thisComparators) {
+    return thisComparators.every(function (thisComparator) {
+      return range.set.some(function (rangeComparators) {
+        return rangeComparators.every(function (rangeComparator) {
+          return thisComparator.intersects(rangeComparator, options)
+        })
+      })
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+// Mostly just for testing and legacy API reasons
+exports.toComparators = toComparators
+function toComparators (range, options) {
+  return new Range(range, options).set.map(function (comp) {
+    return comp.map(function (c) {
+      return c.value
+    }).join(' ').trim().split(' ')
+  })
+}
+
+// comprised of xranges, tildes, stars, and gtlt's at this point.
+// already replaced the hyphen ranges
+// turn into a set of JUST comparators.
+function parseComparator (comp, options) {
+  debug('comp', comp, options)
+  comp = replaceCarets(comp, options)
+  debug('caret', comp)
+  comp = replaceTildes(comp, options)
+  debug('tildes', comp)
+  comp = replaceXRanges(comp, options)
+  debug('xrange', comp)
+  comp = replaceStars(comp, options)
+  debug('stars', comp)
+  return comp
+}
+
+function isX (id) {
+  return !id || id.toLowerCase() === 'x' || id === '*'
+}
+
+// ~, ~> --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ~2, ~2.x, ~2.x.x, ~>2, ~>2.x ~>2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ~2.0, ~2.0.x, ~>2.0, ~>2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <2.1.0
+// ~1.2, ~1.2.x, ~>1.2, ~>1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+// ~1.2.3, ~>1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+// ~1.2.0, ~>1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+function replaceTildes (comp, options) {
+  return comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map(function (comp) {
+    return replaceTilde(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+function replaceTilde (comp, options) {
+  var r = options.loose ? re[TILDELOOSE] : re[TILDE]
+  return comp.replace(r, function (_, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('tilde', comp, _, M, m, p, pr)
+    var ret
+
+    if (isX(M)) {
+      ret = ''
+    } else if (isX(m)) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+    } else if (isX(p)) {
+      // ~1.2 == >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceTilde pr', pr)
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+            ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    } else {
+      // ~1.2.3 == >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+            ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    }
+
+    debug('tilde return', ret)
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+// ^ --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ^2, ^2.x, ^2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ^2.0, ^2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ^1.2, ^1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+// ^1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <2.0.0
+// ^1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+function replaceCarets (comp, options) {
+  return comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map(function (comp) {
+    return replaceCaret(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+function replaceCaret (comp, options) {
+  debug('caret', comp, options)
+  var r = options.loose ? re[CARETLOOSE] : re[CARET]
+  return comp.replace(r, function (_, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('caret', comp, _, M, m, p, pr)
+    var ret
+
+    if (isX(M)) {
+      ret = ''
+    } else if (isX(m)) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+    } else if (isX(p)) {
+      if (M === '0') {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+      } else {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+      }
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceCaret pr', pr)
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0') {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + m + '.' + (+p + 1)
+        } else {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+        }
+      } else {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + '-' + pr +
+              ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+      }
+    } else {
+      debug('no pr')
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0') {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + m + '.' + (+p + 1)
+        } else {
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+        }
+      } else {
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+              ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+      }
+    }
+
+    debug('caret return', ret)
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+function replaceXRanges (comp, options) {
+  debug('replaceXRanges', comp, options)
+  return comp.split(/\s+/).map(function (comp) {
+    return replaceXRange(comp, options)
+  }).join(' ')
+}
+
+function replaceXRange (comp, options) {
+  comp = comp.trim()
+  var r = options.loose ? re[XRANGELOOSE] : re[XRANGE]
+  return comp.replace(r, function (ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('xRange', comp, ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr)
+    var xM = isX(M)
+    var xm = xM || isX(m)
+    var xp = xm || isX(p)
+    var anyX = xp
+
+    if (gtlt === '=' && anyX) {
+      gtlt = ''
+    }
+
+    if (xM) {
+      if (gtlt === '>' || gtlt === '<') {
+        // nothing is allowed
+        ret = '<0.0.0'
+      } else {
+        // nothing is forbidden
+        ret = '*'
+      }
+    } else if (gtlt && anyX) {
+      // we know patch is an x, because we have any x at all.
+      // replace X with 0
+      if (xm) {
+        m = 0
+      }
+      p = 0
+
+      if (gtlt === '>') {
+        // >1 => >=2.0.0
+        // >1.2 => >=1.3.0
+        // >1.2.3 => >= 1.2.4
+        gtlt = '>='
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1
+          m = 0
+          p = 0
+        } else {
+          m = +m + 1
+          p = 0
+        }
+      } else if (gtlt === '<=') {
+        // <=0.7.x is actually <0.8.0, since any 0.7.x should
+        // pass.  Similarly, <=7.x is actually <8.0.0, etc.
+        gtlt = '<'
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1
+        } else {
+          m = +m + 1
+        }
+      }
+
+      ret = gtlt + M + '.' + m + '.' + p
+    } else if (xm) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0'
+    } else if (xp) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0'
+    }
+
+    debug('xRange return', ret)
+
+    return ret
+  })
+}
+
+// Because * is AND-ed with everything else in the comparator,
+// and '' means "any version", just remove the *s entirely.
+function replaceStars (comp, options) {
+  debug('replaceStars', comp, options)
+  // Looseness is ignored here.  star is always as loose as it gets!
+  return comp.trim().replace(re[STAR], '')
+}
+
+// This function is passed to string.replace(re[HYPHENRANGE])
+// M, m, patch, prerelease, build
+// 1.2 - 3.4.5 => >=1.2.0 <=3.4.5
+// 1.2.3 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0 Any 3.4.x will do
+// 1.2 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0
+function hyphenReplace ($0,
+  from, fM, fm, fp, fpr, fb,
+  to, tM, tm, tp, tpr, tb) {
+  if (isX(fM)) {
+    from = ''
+  } else if (isX(fm)) {
+    from = '>=' + fM + '.0.0'
+  } else if (isX(fp)) {
+    from = '>=' + fM + '.' + fm + '.0'
+  } else {
+    from = '>=' + from
+  }
+
+  if (isX(tM)) {
+    to = ''
+  } else if (isX(tm)) {
+    to = '<' + (+tM + 1) + '.0.0'
+  } else if (isX(tp)) {
+    to = '<' + tM + '.' + (+tm + 1) + '.0'
+  } else if (tpr) {
+    to = '<=' + tM + '.' + tm + '.' + tp + '-' + tpr
+  } else {
+    to = '<=' + to
+  }
+
+  return (from + ' ' + to).trim()
+}
+
+// if ANY of the sets match ALL of its comparators, then pass
+Range.prototype.test = function (version) {
+  if (!version) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version === 'string') {
+    version = new SemVer(version, this.options)
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.set.length; i++) {
+    if (testSet(this.set[i], version, this.options)) {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
+function testSet (set, version, options) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+    if (!set[i].test(version)) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (version.prerelease.length && !options.includePrerelease) {
+    // Find the set of versions that are allowed to have prereleases
+    // For example, ^1.2.3-pr.1 desugars to >=1.2.3-pr.1 <2.0.0
+    // That should allow `1.2.3-pr.2` to pass.
+    // However, `1.2.4-alpha.notready` should NOT be allowed,
+    // even though it's within the range set by the comparators.
+    for (i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+      debug(set[i].semver)
+      if (set[i].semver === ANY) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      if (set[i].semver.prerelease.length > 0) {
+        var allowed = set[i].semver
+        if (allowed.major === version.major &&
+            allowed.minor === version.minor &&
+            allowed.patch === version.patch) {
+          return true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Version has a -pre, but it's not one of the ones we like.
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+exports.satisfies = satisfies
+function satisfies (version, range, options) {
+  try {
+    range = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return range.test(version)
+}
+
+exports.maxSatisfying = maxSatisfying
+function maxSatisfying (versions, range, options) {
+  var max = null
+  var maxSV = null
+  try {
+    var rangeObj = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+  versions.forEach(function (v) {
+    if (rangeObj.test(v)) {
+      // satisfies(v, range, options)
+      if (!max || maxSV.compare(v) === -1) {
+        // compare(max, v, true)
+        max = v
+        maxSV = new SemVer(max, options)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return max
+}
+
+exports.minSatisfying = minSatisfying
+function minSatisfying (versions, range, options) {
+  var min = null
+  var minSV = null
+  try {
+    var rangeObj = new Range(range, options)
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+  versions.forEach(function (v) {
+    if (rangeObj.test(v)) {
+      // satisfies(v, range, options)
+      if (!min || minSV.compare(v) === 1) {
+        // compare(min, v, true)
+        min = v
+        minSV = new SemVer(min, options)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return min
+}
+
+exports.minVersion = minVersion
+function minVersion (range, loose) {
+  range = new Range(range, loose)
+
+  var minver = new SemVer('0.0.0')
+  if (range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  minver = new SemVer('0.0.0-0')
+  if (range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  minver = null
+  for (var i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    var comparators = range.set[i]
+
+    comparators.forEach(function (comparator) {
+      // Clone to avoid manipulating the comparator's semver object.
+      var compver = new SemVer(comparator.semver.version)
+      switch (comparator.operator) {
+        case '>':
+          if (compver.prerelease.length === 0) {
+            compver.patch++
+          } else {
+            compver.prerelease.push(0)
+          }
+          compver.raw = compver.format()
+          /* fallthrough */
+        case '':
+        case '>=':
+          if (!minver || gt(minver, compver)) {
+            minver = compver
+          }
+          break
+        case '<':
+        case '<=':
+          /* Ignore maximum versions */
+          break
+        /* istanbul ignore next */
+        default:
+          throw new Error('Unexpected operation: ' + comparator.operator)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (minver && range.test(minver)) {
+    return minver
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+exports.validRange = validRange
+function validRange (range, options) {
+  try {
+    // Return '*' instead of '' so that truthiness works.
+    // This will throw if it's invalid anyway
+    return new Range(range, options).range || '*'
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+// Determine if version is less than all the versions possible in the range
+exports.ltr = ltr
+function ltr (version, range, options) {
+  return outside(version, range, '<', options)
+}
+
+// Determine if version is greater than all the versions possible in the range.
+exports.gtr = gtr
+function gtr (version, range, options) {
+  return outside(version, range, '>', options)
+}
+
+exports.outside = outside
+function outside (version, range, hilo, options) {
+  version = new SemVer(version, options)
+  range = new Range(range, options)
+
+  var gtfn, ltefn, ltfn, comp, ecomp
+  switch (hilo) {
+    case '>':
+      gtfn = gt
+      ltefn = lte
+      ltfn = lt
+      comp = '>'
+      ecomp = '>='
+      break
+    case '<':
+      gtfn = lt
+      ltefn = gte
+      ltfn = gt
+      comp = '<'
+      ecomp = '<='
+      break
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('Must provide a hilo val of "<" or ">"')
+  }
+
+  // If it satisifes the range it is not outside
+  if (satisfies(version, range, options)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // From now on, variable terms are as if we're in "gtr" mode.
+  // but note that everything is flipped for the "ltr" function.
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    var comparators = range.set[i]
+
+    var high = null
+    var low = null
+
+    comparators.forEach(function (comparator) {
+      if (comparator.semver === ANY) {
+        comparator = new Comparator('>=0.0.0')
+      }
+      high = high || comparator
+      low = low || comparator
+      if (gtfn(comparator.semver, high.semver, options)) {
+        high = comparator
+      } else if (ltfn(comparator.semver, low.semver, options)) {
+        low = comparator
+      }
+    })
+
+    // If the edge version comparator has a operator then our version
+    // isn't outside it
+    if (high.operator === comp || high.operator === ecomp) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    // If the lowest version comparator has an operator and our version
+    // is less than it then it isn't higher than the range
+    if ((!low.operator || low.operator === comp) &&
+        ltefn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false
+    } else if (low.operator === ecomp && ltfn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+exports.prerelease = prerelease
+function prerelease (version, options) {
+  var parsed = parse(version, options)
+  return (parsed && parsed.prerelease.length) ? parsed.prerelease : null
+}
+
+exports.intersects = intersects
+function intersects (r1, r2, options) {
+  r1 = new Range(r1, options)
+  r2 = new Range(r2, options)
+  return r1.intersects(r2)
+}
+
+exports.coerce = coerce
+function coerce (version) {
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    return version
+  }
+
+  if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  var match = version.match(re[COERCE])
+
+  if (match == null) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return parse(match[1] +
+    '.' + (match[2] || '0') +
+    '.' + (match[3] || '0'))
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/send/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d14ac069d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+0.17.1 / 2019-05-10
+===================
+
+  * Set stricter CSP header in redirect & error responses
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.2.1
+
+0.17.0 / 2019-05-03
+===================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.7.2
+    - Set constructor name when possible
+    - Use `toidentifier` module to make class names
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.5.0 < 2'
+  * deps: mime@1.6.0
+    - Add extensions for JPEG-2000 images
+    - Add new `font/*` types from IANA
+    - Add WASM mapping
+    - Update `.bdoc` to `application/bdoc`
+    - Update `.bmp` to `image/bmp`
+    - Update `.m4a` to `audio/mp4`
+    - Update `.rtf` to `application/rtf`
+    - Update `.wav` to `audio/wav`
+    - Update `.xml` to `application/xml`
+    - Update generic extensions to `application/octet-stream`:
+      `.deb`, `.dll`, `.dmg`, `.exe`, `.iso`, `.msi`
+    - Use mime-score module to resolve extension conflicts
+  * deps: ms@2.1.1
+    - Add `week`/`w` support
+    - Fix negative number handling
+  * deps: statuses@~1.5.0
+  * perf: remove redundant `path.normalize` call
+
+0.16.2 / 2018-02-07
+===================
+
+  * Fix incorrect end tag in default error & redirects
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - Fix encoding `%` as last character
+  * deps: statuses@~1.4.0
+
+0.16.1 / 2017-09-29
+===================
+
+  * Fix regression in edge-case behavior for empty `path`
+
+0.16.0 / 2017-09-27
+===================
+
+  * Add `immutable` option
+  * Fix missing `</html>` in default error & redirects
+  * Use instance methods on steam to check for listeners
+  * deps: mime@1.4.1
+    - Add 70 new types for file extensions
+    - Set charset as "UTF-8" for .js and .json
+  * perf: improve path validation speed
+
+0.15.6 / 2017-09-22
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.9
+  * perf: improve `If-Match` token parsing
+
+0.15.5 / 2017-09-20
+===================
+
+  * deps: etag@~1.8.1
+    - perf: replace regular expression with substring
+  * deps: fresh@0.5.2
+    - Fix handling of modified headers with invalid dates
+    - perf: improve ETag match loop
+    - perf: improve `If-None-Match` token parsing
+
+0.15.4 / 2017-08-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.8
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.1
+    - Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.2
+    - deps: depd@1.1.1
+
+0.15.3 / 2017-05-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.7
+    - deps: ms@2.0.0
+  * deps: ms@2.0.0
+
+0.15.2 / 2017-04-26
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.4
+    - Fix `DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
+    - deps: ms@0.7.3
+  * deps: ms@1.0.0
+
+0.15.1 / 2017-03-04
+===================
+
+  * Fix issue when `Date.parse` does not return `NaN` on invalid date
+  * Fix strict violation in broken environments
+
+0.15.0 / 2017-02-25
+===================
+
+  * Support `If-Match` and `If-Unmodified-Since` headers
+  * Add `res` and `path` arguments to `directory` event
+  * Remove usage of `res._headers` private field
+    - Improves compatibility with Node.js 8 nightly
+  * Send complete HTML document in redirect & error responses
+  * Set default CSP header in redirect & error responses
+  * Use `res.getHeaderNames()` when available
+  * Use `res.headersSent` when available
+  * deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - Allow colors in workers
+    - Deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable set to `3` or higher
+    - Fix error when running under React Native
+    - Use same color for same namespace
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+  * deps: etag@~1.8.0
+  * deps: fresh@0.5.0
+    - Fix false detection of `no-cache` request directive
+    - Fix incorrect result when `If-None-Match` has both `*` and ETags
+    - Fix weak `ETag` matching to match spec
+    - perf: delay reading header values until needed
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: hoist regular expressions
+    - perf: remove duplicate conditional
+    - perf: remove unnecessary boolean coercions
+    - perf: skip checking modified time if ETag check failed
+    - perf: skip parsing `If-None-Match` when no `ETag` header
+    - perf: use `Date.parse` instead of `new Date`
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.1
+    - Make `message` property enumerable for `HttpError`s
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.0.3
+
+0.14.2 / 2017-01-23
+===================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.5.1
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.3
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.0.2
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+  * deps: ms@0.7.2
+  * deps: statuses@~1.3.1
+
+0.14.1 / 2016-06-09
+===================
+
+  * Fix redirect error when `path` contains raw non-URL characters
+  * Fix redirect when `path` starts with multiple forward slashes
+
+0.14.0 / 2016-06-06
+===================
+
+  * Add `acceptRanges` option
+  * Add `cacheControl` option
+  * Attempt to combine multiple ranges into single range
+  * Correctly inherit from `Stream` class
+  * Fix `Content-Range` header in 416 responses when using `start`/`end` options
+  * Fix `Content-Range` header missing from default 416 responses
+  * Ignore non-byte `Range` headers
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.5.0
+    - Add `HttpError` export, for `err instanceof createError.HttpError`
+    - Support new code `421 Misdirected Request`
+    - Use `setprototypeof` module to replace `__proto__` setting
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.0 < 2'
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.2.0
+    - Fix incorrectly returning -1 when there is at least one valid range
+    - perf: remove internal function
+  * deps: statuses@~1.3.0
+    - Add `421 Misdirected Request`
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+0.13.2 / 2016-03-05
+===================
+
+  * Fix invalid `Content-Type` header when `send.mime.default_type` unset
+
+0.13.1 / 2016-01-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.0
+    - Support web browser loading
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: destroy@~1.0.4
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: optimize string replacement
+    - perf: use faster string coercion
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.0.3
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+
+0.13.0 / 2015-06-16
+===================
+
+  * Allow Node.js HTTP server to set `Date` response header
+  * Fix incorrectly removing `Content-Location` on 304 response
+  * Improve the default redirect response headers
+  * Send appropriate headers on default error response
+  * Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+  * Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+  * deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+  * deps: etag@~1.7.0
+    - Improve stat performance by removing hashing
+  * deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - Add weak `ETag` matching support
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+    - deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove unnecessary array allocations
+
+0.12.3 / 2015-05-13
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.1
+  * deps: etag@~1.6.0
+   - Improve support for JXcore
+   - Support "fake" stats objects in environments without `fs`
+  * deps: ms@0.7.1
+    - Prevent extraordinarily long inputs
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+
+0.12.2 / 2015-03-13
+===================
+
+  * Throw errors early for invalid `extensions` or `index` options
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+
+0.12.1 / 2015-02-17
+===================
+
+  * Fix regression sending zero-length files
+
+0.12.0 / 2015-02-16
+===================
+
+  * Always read the stat size from the file
+  * Fix mutating passed-in `options`
+  * deps: mime@1.3.4
+
+0.11.1 / 2015-01-20
+===================
+
+  * Fix `root` path disclosure
+
+0.11.0 / 2015-01-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.1
+  * deps: etag@~1.5.1
+    - deps: crc@3.2.1
+  * deps: ms@0.7.0
+    - Add `milliseconds`
+    - Add `msecs`
+    - Add `secs`
+    - Add `mins`
+    - Add `hrs`
+    - Add `yrs`
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+
+0.10.1 / 2014-10-22
+===================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+    - Fix handling of pipelined requests
+
+0.10.0 / 2014-10-15
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - Implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.0
+  * deps: etag@~1.5.0
+    - Improve string performance
+    - Slightly improve speed for weak ETags over 1KB
+
+0.9.3 / 2014-09-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: etag@~1.4.0
+    - Support "fake" stats objects
+
+0.9.2 / 2014-09-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.5
+  * deps: etag@~1.3.1
+  * deps: range-parser@~1.0.2
+
+0.9.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: fresh@0.2.4
+
+0.9.0 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Add `lastModified` option
+  * Use `etag` to generate `ETag` header
+  * deps: debug@~2.0.0
+
+0.8.5 / 2014-09-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix malicious path detection for empty string path
+
+0.8.4 / 2014-09-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix a path traversal issue when using `root`
+
+0.8.3 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: destroy@1.0.3
+    - renamed from dethroy
+  * deps: on-finished@2.1.0
+
+0.8.2 / 2014-08-14
+==================
+
+  * Work around `fd` leak in Node.js 0.10 for `fs.ReadStream`
+  * deps: dethroy@1.0.2
+
+0.8.1 / 2014-08-05
+==================
+
+  * Fix `extensions` behavior when file already has extension
+
+0.8.0 / 2014-08-05
+==================
+
+  * Add `extensions` option
+
+0.7.4 / 2014-08-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix serving index files without root dir
+
+0.7.3 / 2014-07-29
+==================
+
+  * Fix incorrect 403 on Windows and Node.js 0.11
+
+0.7.2 / 2014-07-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.4
+    - Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
+
+0.7.1 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+
+ * deps: depd@0.4.3
+   - Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
+
+0.7.0 / 2014-07-20
+==================
+
+ * Deprecate `hidden` option; use `dotfiles` option
+ * Add `dotfiles` option
+ * deps: debug@1.0.4
+ * deps: depd@0.4.2
+   - Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+   - Remove non-standard grey color from color output
+   - Support `--no-deprecation` argument
+   - Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
+
+0.6.0 / 2014-07-11
+==================
+
+ * Deprecate `from` option; use `root` option
+ * Deprecate `send.etag()` -- use `etag` in `options`
+ * Deprecate `send.hidden()` -- use `hidden` in `options`
+ * Deprecate `send.index()` -- use `index` in `options`
+ * Deprecate `send.maxage()` -- use `maxAge` in `options`
+ * Deprecate `send.root()` -- use `root` in `options`
+ * Cap `maxAge` value to 1 year
+ * deps: debug@1.0.3
+   - Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces
+
+0.5.0 / 2014-06-28
+==================
+
+ * Accept string for `maxAge` (converted by `ms`)
+ * Add `headers` event
+ * Include link in default redirect response
+ * Use `EventEmitter.listenerCount` to count listeners
+
+0.4.3 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+ * Do not throw un-catchable error on file open race condition
+ * Use `escape-html` for HTML escaping
+ * deps: debug@1.0.2
+   - fix some debugging output colors on node.js 0.8
+ * deps: finished@1.2.2
+ * deps: fresh@0.2.2
+
+0.4.2 / 2014-06-09
+==================
+
+ * fix "event emitter leak" warnings
+ * deps: debug@1.0.1
+ * deps: finished@1.2.1
+
+0.4.1 / 2014-06-02
+==================
+
+ * Send `max-age` in `Cache-Control` in correct format
+
+0.4.0 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+ * Calculate ETag with md5 for reduced collisions
+ * Fix wrong behavior when index file matches directory
+ * Ignore stream errors after request ends
+   - Goodbye `EBADF, read`
+ * Skip directories in index file search
+ * deps: debug@0.8.1
+
+0.3.0 / 2014-04-24
+==================
+
+ * Fix sending files with dots without root set
+ * Coerce option types
+ * Accept API options in options object
+ * Set etags to "weak"
+ * Include file path in etag
+ * Make "Can't set headers after they are sent." catchable
+ * Send full entity-body for multi range requests
+ * Default directory access to 403 when index disabled
+ * Support multiple index paths
+ * Support "If-Range" header
+ * Control whether to generate etags
+ * deps: mime@1.2.11
+
+0.2.0 / 2014-01-29
+==================
+
+ * update range-parser and fresh
+
+0.1.4 / 2013-08-11 
+==================
+
+ * update fresh
+
+0.1.3 / 2013-07-08 
+==================
+
+ * Revert "Fix fd leak"
+
+0.1.2 / 2013-07-03 
+==================
+
+ * Fix fd leak
+
+0.1.0 / 2012-08-25 
+==================
+
+  * add options parameter to send() that is passed to fs.createReadStream() [kanongil]
+
+0.0.4 / 2012-08-16 
+==================
+
+  * allow custom "Accept-Ranges" definition
+
+0.0.3 / 2012-07-16 
+==================
+
+  * fix normalization of the root directory. Closes #3
+
+0.0.2 / 2012-07-09 
+==================
+
+  * add passing of req explicitly for now (YUCK)
+
+0.0.1 / 2010-01-03
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/send/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4aa69e83d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 TJ Holowaychuk
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/README.md b/backend/node_modules/send/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..179e8c32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+# send
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Linux Build][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Send is a library for streaming files from the file system as a http response
+supporting partial responses (Ranges), conditional-GET negotiation (If-Match,
+If-Unmodified-Since, If-None-Match, If-Modified-Since), high test coverage,
+and granular events which may be leveraged to take appropriate actions in your
+application or framework.
+
+Looking to serve up entire folders mapped to URLs? Try [serve-static](https://www.npmjs.org/package/serve-static).
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```bash
+$ npm install send
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var send = require('send')
+```
+
+### send(req, path, [options])
+
+Create a new `SendStream` for the given path to send to a `res`. The `req` is
+the Node.js HTTP request and the `path` is a urlencoded path to send (urlencoded,
+not the actual file-system path).
+
+#### Options
+
+##### acceptRanges
+
+Enable or disable accepting ranged requests, defaults to true.
+Disabling this will not send `Accept-Ranges` and ignore the contents
+of the `Range` request header.
+
+##### cacheControl
+
+Enable or disable setting `Cache-Control` response header, defaults to
+true. Disabling this will ignore the `immutable` and `maxAge` options.
+
+##### dotfiles
+
+Set how "dotfiles" are treated when encountered. A dotfile is a file
+or directory that begins with a dot ("."). Note this check is done on
+the path itself without checking if the path actually exists on the
+disk. If `root` is specified, only the dotfiles above the root are
+checked (i.e. the root itself can be within a dotfile when when set
+to "deny").
+
+  - `'allow'` No special treatment for dotfiles.
+  - `'deny'` Send a 403 for any request for a dotfile.
+  - `'ignore'` Pretend like the dotfile does not exist and 404.
+
+The default value is _similar_ to `'ignore'`, with the exception that
+this default will not ignore the files within a directory that begins
+with a dot, for backward-compatibility.
+
+##### end
+
+Byte offset at which the stream ends, defaults to the length of the file
+minus 1. The end is inclusive in the stream, meaning `end: 3` will include
+the 4th byte in the stream.
+
+##### etag
+
+Enable or disable etag generation, defaults to true.
+
+##### extensions
+
+If a given file doesn't exist, try appending one of the given extensions,
+in the given order. By default, this is disabled (set to `false`). An
+example value that will serve extension-less HTML files: `['html', 'htm']`.
+This is skipped if the requested file already has an extension.
+
+##### immutable
+
+Enable or diable the `immutable` directive in the `Cache-Control` response
+header, defaults to `false`. If set to `true`, the `maxAge` option should
+also be specified to enable caching. The `immutable` directive will prevent
+supported clients from making conditional requests during the life of the
+`maxAge` option to check if the file has changed.
+
+##### index
+
+By default send supports "index.html" files, to disable this
+set `false` or to supply a new index pass a string or an array
+in preferred order.
+
+##### lastModified
+
+Enable or disable `Last-Modified` header, defaults to true. Uses the file
+system's last modified value.
+
+##### maxAge
+
+Provide a max-age in milliseconds for http caching, defaults to 0.
+This can also be a string accepted by the
+[ms](https://www.npmjs.org/package/ms#readme) module.
+
+##### root
+
+Serve files relative to `path`.
+
+##### start
+
+Byte offset at which the stream starts, defaults to 0. The start is inclusive,
+meaning `start: 2` will include the 3rd byte in the stream.
+
+#### Events
+
+The `SendStream` is an event emitter and will emit the following events:
+
+  - `error` an error occurred `(err)`
+  - `directory` a directory was requested `(res, path)`
+  - `file` a file was requested `(path, stat)`
+  - `headers` the headers are about to be set on a file `(res, path, stat)`
+  - `stream` file streaming has started `(stream)`
+  - `end` streaming has completed
+
+#### .pipe
+
+The `pipe` method is used to pipe the response into the Node.js HTTP response
+object, typically `send(req, path, options).pipe(res)`.
+
+### .mime
+
+The `mime` export is the global instance of of the
+[`mime` npm module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mime).
+
+This is used to configure the MIME types that are associated with file extensions
+as well as other options for how to resolve the MIME type of a file (like the
+default type to use for an unknown file extension).
+
+## Error-handling
+
+By default when no `error` listeners are present an automatic response will be
+made, otherwise you have full control over the response, aka you may show a 5xx
+page etc.
+
+## Caching
+
+It does _not_ perform internal caching, you should use a reverse proxy cache
+such as Varnish for this, or those fancy things called CDNs. If your
+application is small enough that it would benefit from single-node memory
+caching, it's small enough that it does not need caching at all ;).
+
+## Debugging
+
+To enable `debug()` instrumentation output export __DEBUG__:
+
+```
+$ DEBUG=send node app
+```
+
+## Running tests
+
+```
+$ npm install
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Serve a specific file
+
+This simple example will send a specific file to all requests.
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var send = require('send')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  send(req, '/path/to/index.html')
+    .pipe(res)
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### Serve all files from a directory
+
+This simple example will just serve up all the files in a
+given directory as the top-level. For example, a request
+`GET /foo.txt` will send back `/www/public/foo.txt`.
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
+var send = require('send')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' })
+    .pipe(res)
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### Custom file types
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
+var send = require('send')
+
+// Default unknown types to text/plain
+send.mime.default_type = 'text/plain'
+
+// Add a custom type
+send.mime.define({
+  'application/x-my-type': ['x-mt', 'x-mtt']
+})
+
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' })
+    .pipe(res)
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### Custom directory index view
+
+This is a example of serving up a structure of directories with a
+custom function to render a listing of a directory.
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var fs = require('fs')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
+var send = require('send')
+
+// Transfer arbitrary files from within /www/example.com/public/*
+// with a custom handler for directory listing
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { index: false, root: '/www/public' })
+    .once('directory', directory)
+    .pipe(res)
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+
+// Custom directory handler
+function directory (res, path) {
+  var stream = this
+
+  // redirect to trailing slash for consistent url
+  if (!stream.hasTrailingSlash()) {
+    return stream.redirect(path)
+  }
+
+  // get directory list
+  fs.readdir(path, function onReaddir (err, list) {
+    if (err) return stream.error(err)
+
+    // render an index for the directory
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8')
+    res.end(list.join('\n') + '\n')
+  })
+}
+```
+
+### Serving from a root directory with custom error-handling
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
+var send = require('send')
+
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  // your custom error-handling logic:
+  function error (err) {
+    res.statusCode = err.status || 500
+    res.end(err.message)
+  }
+
+  // your custom headers
+  function headers (res, path, stat) {
+    // serve all files for download
+    res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment')
+  }
+
+  // your custom directory handling logic:
+  function redirect () {
+    res.statusCode = 301
+    res.setHeader('Location', req.url + '/')
+    res.end('Redirecting to ' + req.url + '/')
+  }
+
+  // transfer arbitrary files from within
+  // /www/example.com/public/*
+  send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' })
+    .on('error', error)
+    .on('directory', redirect)
+    .on('headers', headers)
+    .pipe(res)
+})
+
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[appveyor-image]: https://badgen.net/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/send/master?label=windows
+[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/send
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/pillarjs/send/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/send?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/send
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/send
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/send
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/send
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/pillarjs/send/master?label=linux
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/send
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/index.js b/backend/node_modules/send/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fca21121b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1129 @@
+/*!
+ * send
+ * Copyright(c) 2012 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var debug = require('debug')('send')
+var deprecate = require('depd')('send')
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl')
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
+var etag = require('etag')
+var fresh = require('fresh')
+var fs = require('fs')
+var mime = require('mime')
+var ms = require('ms')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+var parseRange = require('range-parser')
+var path = require('path')
+var statuses = require('statuses')
+var Stream = require('stream')
+var util = require('util')
+
+/**
+ * Path function references.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var extname = path.extname
+var join = path.join
+var normalize = path.normalize
+var resolve = path.resolve
+var sep = path.sep
+
+/**
+ * Regular expression for identifying a bytes Range header.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var BYTES_RANGE_REGEXP = /^ *bytes=/
+
+/**
+ * Maximum value allowed for the max age.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var MAX_MAXAGE = 60 * 60 * 24 * 365 * 1000 // 1 year
+
+/**
+ * Regular expression to match a path with a directory up component.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var UP_PATH_REGEXP = /(?:^|[\\/])\.\.(?:[\\/]|$)/
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = send
+module.exports.mime = mime
+
+/**
+ * Return a `SendStream` for `req` and `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {SendStream}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function send (req, path, options) {
+  return new SendStream(req, path, options)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a `SendStream` with the given `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {Request} req
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function SendStream (req, path, options) {
+  Stream.call(this)
+
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  this.options = opts
+  this.path = path
+  this.req = req
+
+  this._acceptRanges = opts.acceptRanges !== undefined
+    ? Boolean(opts.acceptRanges)
+    : true
+
+  this._cacheControl = opts.cacheControl !== undefined
+    ? Boolean(opts.cacheControl)
+    : true
+
+  this._etag = opts.etag !== undefined
+    ? Boolean(opts.etag)
+    : true
+
+  this._dotfiles = opts.dotfiles !== undefined
+    ? opts.dotfiles
+    : 'ignore'
+
+  if (this._dotfiles !== 'ignore' && this._dotfiles !== 'allow' && this._dotfiles !== 'deny') {
+    throw new TypeError('dotfiles option must be "allow", "deny", or "ignore"')
+  }
+
+  this._hidden = Boolean(opts.hidden)
+
+  if (opts.hidden !== undefined) {
+    deprecate('hidden: use dotfiles: \'' + (this._hidden ? 'allow' : 'ignore') + '\' instead')
+  }
+
+  // legacy support
+  if (opts.dotfiles === undefined) {
+    this._dotfiles = undefined
+  }
+
+  this._extensions = opts.extensions !== undefined
+    ? normalizeList(opts.extensions, 'extensions option')
+    : []
+
+  this._immutable = opts.immutable !== undefined
+    ? Boolean(opts.immutable)
+    : false
+
+  this._index = opts.index !== undefined
+    ? normalizeList(opts.index, 'index option')
+    : ['index.html']
+
+  this._lastModified = opts.lastModified !== undefined
+    ? Boolean(opts.lastModified)
+    : true
+
+  this._maxage = opts.maxAge || opts.maxage
+  this._maxage = typeof this._maxage === 'string'
+    ? ms(this._maxage)
+    : Number(this._maxage)
+  this._maxage = !isNaN(this._maxage)
+    ? Math.min(Math.max(0, this._maxage), MAX_MAXAGE)
+    : 0
+
+  this._root = opts.root
+    ? resolve(opts.root)
+    : null
+
+  if (!this._root && opts.from) {
+    this.from(opts.from)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inherits from `Stream`.
+ */
+
+util.inherits(SendStream, Stream)
+
+/**
+ * Enable or disable etag generation.
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} val
+ * @return {SendStream}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.etag = deprecate.function(function etag (val) {
+  this._etag = Boolean(val)
+  debug('etag %s', this._etag)
+  return this
+}, 'send.etag: pass etag as option')
+
+/**
+ * Enable or disable "hidden" (dot) files.
+ *
+ * @param {Boolean} path
+ * @return {SendStream}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.hidden = deprecate.function(function hidden (val) {
+  this._hidden = Boolean(val)
+  this._dotfiles = undefined
+  debug('hidden %s', this._hidden)
+  return this
+}, 'send.hidden: use dotfiles option')
+
+/**
+ * Set index `paths`, set to a falsy
+ * value to disable index support.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Boolean|Array} paths
+ * @return {SendStream}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.index = deprecate.function(function index (paths) {
+  var index = !paths ? [] : normalizeList(paths, 'paths argument')
+  debug('index %o', paths)
+  this._index = index
+  return this
+}, 'send.index: pass index as option')
+
+/**
+ * Set root `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @return {SendStream}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.root = function root (path) {
+  this._root = resolve(String(path))
+  debug('root %s', this._root)
+  return this
+}
+
+SendStream.prototype.from = deprecate.function(SendStream.prototype.root,
+  'send.from: pass root as option')
+
+SendStream.prototype.root = deprecate.function(SendStream.prototype.root,
+  'send.root: pass root as option')
+
+/**
+ * Set max-age to `maxAge`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} maxAge
+ * @return {SendStream}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.maxage = deprecate.function(function maxage (maxAge) {
+  this._maxage = typeof maxAge === 'string'
+    ? ms(maxAge)
+    : Number(maxAge)
+  this._maxage = !isNaN(this._maxage)
+    ? Math.min(Math.max(0, this._maxage), MAX_MAXAGE)
+    : 0
+  debug('max-age %d', this._maxage)
+  return this
+}, 'send.maxage: pass maxAge as option')
+
+/**
+ * Emit error with `status`.
+ *
+ * @param {number} status
+ * @param {Error} [err]
+ * @private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.error = function error (status, err) {
+  // emit if listeners instead of responding
+  if (hasListeners(this, 'error')) {
+    return this.emit('error', createError(status, err, {
+      expose: false
+    }))
+  }
+
+  var res = this.res
+  var msg = statuses[status] || String(status)
+  var doc = createHtmlDocument('Error', escapeHtml(msg))
+
+  // clear existing headers
+  clearHeaders(res)
+
+  // add error headers
+  if (err && err.headers) {
+    setHeaders(res, err.headers)
+  }
+
+  // send basic response
+  res.statusCode = status
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')
+  res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(doc))
+  res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'none'")
+  res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
+  res.end(doc)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the pathname ends with "/".
+ *
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.hasTrailingSlash = function hasTrailingSlash () {
+  return this.path[this.path.length - 1] === '/'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if this is a conditional GET request.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.isConditionalGET = function isConditionalGET () {
+  return this.req.headers['if-match'] ||
+    this.req.headers['if-unmodified-since'] ||
+    this.req.headers['if-none-match'] ||
+    this.req.headers['if-modified-since']
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the request preconditions failed.
+ *
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.isPreconditionFailure = function isPreconditionFailure () {
+  var req = this.req
+  var res = this.res
+
+  // if-match
+  var match = req.headers['if-match']
+  if (match) {
+    var etag = res.getHeader('ETag')
+    return !etag || (match !== '*' && parseTokenList(match).every(function (match) {
+      return match !== etag && match !== 'W/' + etag && 'W/' + match !== etag
+    }))
+  }
+
+  // if-unmodified-since
+  var unmodifiedSince = parseHttpDate(req.headers['if-unmodified-since'])
+  if (!isNaN(unmodifiedSince)) {
+    var lastModified = parseHttpDate(res.getHeader('Last-Modified'))
+    return isNaN(lastModified) || lastModified > unmodifiedSince
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Strip content-* header fields.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.removeContentHeaderFields = function removeContentHeaderFields () {
+  var res = this.res
+  var headers = getHeaderNames(res)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
+    var header = headers[i]
+    if (header.substr(0, 8) === 'content-' && header !== 'content-location') {
+      res.removeHeader(header)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Respond with 304 not modified.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.notModified = function notModified () {
+  var res = this.res
+  debug('not modified')
+  this.removeContentHeaderFields()
+  res.statusCode = 304
+  res.end()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Raise error that headers already sent.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.headersAlreadySent = function headersAlreadySent () {
+  var err = new Error('Can\'t set headers after they are sent.')
+  debug('headers already sent')
+  this.error(500, err)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the request is cacheable, aka
+ * responded with 2xx or 304 (see RFC 2616 section 14.2{5,6}).
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.isCachable = function isCachable () {
+  var statusCode = this.res.statusCode
+  return (statusCode >= 200 && statusCode < 300) ||
+    statusCode === 304
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle stat() error.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} error
+ * @private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.onStatError = function onStatError (error) {
+  switch (error.code) {
+    case 'ENAMETOOLONG':
+    case 'ENOENT':
+    case 'ENOTDIR':
+      this.error(404, error)
+      break
+    default:
+      this.error(500, error)
+      break
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the cache is fresh.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.isFresh = function isFresh () {
+  return fresh(this.req.headers, {
+    'etag': this.res.getHeader('ETag'),
+    'last-modified': this.res.getHeader('Last-Modified')
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the range is fresh.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.isRangeFresh = function isRangeFresh () {
+  var ifRange = this.req.headers['if-range']
+
+  if (!ifRange) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // if-range as etag
+  if (ifRange.indexOf('"') !== -1) {
+    var etag = this.res.getHeader('ETag')
+    return Boolean(etag && ifRange.indexOf(etag) !== -1)
+  }
+
+  // if-range as modified date
+  var lastModified = this.res.getHeader('Last-Modified')
+  return parseHttpDate(lastModified) <= parseHttpDate(ifRange)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Redirect to path.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.redirect = function redirect (path) {
+  var res = this.res
+
+  if (hasListeners(this, 'directory')) {
+    this.emit('directory', res, path)
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (this.hasTrailingSlash()) {
+    this.error(403)
+    return
+  }
+
+  var loc = encodeUrl(collapseLeadingSlashes(this.path + '/'))
+  var doc = createHtmlDocument('Redirecting', 'Redirecting to <a href="' + escapeHtml(loc) + '">' +
+    escapeHtml(loc) + '</a>')
+
+  // redirect
+  res.statusCode = 301
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')
+  res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(doc))
+  res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'none'")
+  res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
+  res.setHeader('Location', loc)
+  res.end(doc)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pipe to `res.
+ *
+ * @param {Stream} res
+ * @return {Stream} res
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.pipe = function pipe (res) {
+  // root path
+  var root = this._root
+
+  // references
+  this.res = res
+
+  // decode the path
+  var path = decode(this.path)
+  if (path === -1) {
+    this.error(400)
+    return res
+  }
+
+  // null byte(s)
+  if (~path.indexOf('\0')) {
+    this.error(400)
+    return res
+  }
+
+  var parts
+  if (root !== null) {
+    // normalize
+    if (path) {
+      path = normalize('.' + sep + path)
+    }
+
+    // malicious path
+    if (UP_PATH_REGEXP.test(path)) {
+      debug('malicious path "%s"', path)
+      this.error(403)
+      return res
+    }
+
+    // explode path parts
+    parts = path.split(sep)
+
+    // join / normalize from optional root dir
+    path = normalize(join(root, path))
+  } else {
+    // ".." is malicious without "root"
+    if (UP_PATH_REGEXP.test(path)) {
+      debug('malicious path "%s"', path)
+      this.error(403)
+      return res
+    }
+
+    // explode path parts
+    parts = normalize(path).split(sep)
+
+    // resolve the path
+    path = resolve(path)
+  }
+
+  // dotfile handling
+  if (containsDotFile(parts)) {
+    var access = this._dotfiles
+
+    // legacy support
+    if (access === undefined) {
+      access = parts[parts.length - 1][0] === '.'
+        ? (this._hidden ? 'allow' : 'ignore')
+        : 'allow'
+    }
+
+    debug('%s dotfile "%s"', access, path)
+    switch (access) {
+      case 'allow':
+        break
+      case 'deny':
+        this.error(403)
+        return res
+      case 'ignore':
+      default:
+        this.error(404)
+        return res
+    }
+  }
+
+  // index file support
+  if (this._index.length && this.hasTrailingSlash()) {
+    this.sendIndex(path)
+    return res
+  }
+
+  this.sendFile(path)
+  return res
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transfer `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.send = function send (path, stat) {
+  var len = stat.size
+  var options = this.options
+  var opts = {}
+  var res = this.res
+  var req = this.req
+  var ranges = req.headers.range
+  var offset = options.start || 0
+
+  if (headersSent(res)) {
+    // impossible to send now
+    this.headersAlreadySent()
+    return
+  }
+
+  debug('pipe "%s"', path)
+
+  // set header fields
+  this.setHeader(path, stat)
+
+  // set content-type
+  this.type(path)
+
+  // conditional GET support
+  if (this.isConditionalGET()) {
+    if (this.isPreconditionFailure()) {
+      this.error(412)
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (this.isCachable() && this.isFresh()) {
+      this.notModified()
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  // adjust len to start/end options
+  len = Math.max(0, len - offset)
+  if (options.end !== undefined) {
+    var bytes = options.end - offset + 1
+    if (len > bytes) len = bytes
+  }
+
+  // Range support
+  if (this._acceptRanges && BYTES_RANGE_REGEXP.test(ranges)) {
+    // parse
+    ranges = parseRange(len, ranges, {
+      combine: true
+    })
+
+    // If-Range support
+    if (!this.isRangeFresh()) {
+      debug('range stale')
+      ranges = -2
+    }
+
+    // unsatisfiable
+    if (ranges === -1) {
+      debug('range unsatisfiable')
+
+      // Content-Range
+      res.setHeader('Content-Range', contentRange('bytes', len))
+
+      // 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
+      return this.error(416, {
+        headers: { 'Content-Range': res.getHeader('Content-Range') }
+      })
+    }
+
+    // valid (syntactically invalid/multiple ranges are treated as a regular response)
+    if (ranges !== -2 && ranges.length === 1) {
+      debug('range %j', ranges)
+
+      // Content-Range
+      res.statusCode = 206
+      res.setHeader('Content-Range', contentRange('bytes', len, ranges[0]))
+
+      // adjust for requested range
+      offset += ranges[0].start
+      len = ranges[0].end - ranges[0].start + 1
+    }
+  }
+
+  // clone options
+  for (var prop in options) {
+    opts[prop] = options[prop]
+  }
+
+  // set read options
+  opts.start = offset
+  opts.end = Math.max(offset, offset + len - 1)
+
+  // content-length
+  res.setHeader('Content-Length', len)
+
+  // HEAD support
+  if (req.method === 'HEAD') {
+    res.end()
+    return
+  }
+
+  this.stream(path, opts)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transfer file for `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api private
+ */
+SendStream.prototype.sendFile = function sendFile (path) {
+  var i = 0
+  var self = this
+
+  debug('stat "%s"', path)
+  fs.stat(path, function onstat (err, stat) {
+    if (err && err.code === 'ENOENT' && !extname(path) && path[path.length - 1] !== sep) {
+      // not found, check extensions
+      return next(err)
+    }
+    if (err) return self.onStatError(err)
+    if (stat.isDirectory()) return self.redirect(path)
+    self.emit('file', path, stat)
+    self.send(path, stat)
+  })
+
+  function next (err) {
+    if (self._extensions.length <= i) {
+      return err
+        ? self.onStatError(err)
+        : self.error(404)
+    }
+
+    var p = path + '.' + self._extensions[i++]
+
+    debug('stat "%s"', p)
+    fs.stat(p, function (err, stat) {
+      if (err) return next(err)
+      if (stat.isDirectory()) return next()
+      self.emit('file', p, stat)
+      self.send(p, stat)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transfer index for `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api private
+ */
+SendStream.prototype.sendIndex = function sendIndex (path) {
+  var i = -1
+  var self = this
+
+  function next (err) {
+    if (++i >= self._index.length) {
+      if (err) return self.onStatError(err)
+      return self.error(404)
+    }
+
+    var p = join(path, self._index[i])
+
+    debug('stat "%s"', p)
+    fs.stat(p, function (err, stat) {
+      if (err) return next(err)
+      if (stat.isDirectory()) return next()
+      self.emit('file', p, stat)
+      self.send(p, stat)
+    })
+  }
+
+  next()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stream `path` to the response.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.stream = function stream (path, options) {
+  // TODO: this is all lame, refactor meeee
+  var finished = false
+  var self = this
+  var res = this.res
+
+  // pipe
+  var stream = fs.createReadStream(path, options)
+  this.emit('stream', stream)
+  stream.pipe(res)
+
+  // response finished, done with the fd
+  onFinished(res, function onfinished () {
+    finished = true
+    destroy(stream)
+  })
+
+  // error handling code-smell
+  stream.on('error', function onerror (err) {
+    // request already finished
+    if (finished) return
+
+    // clean up stream
+    finished = true
+    destroy(stream)
+
+    // error
+    self.onStatError(err)
+  })
+
+  // end
+  stream.on('end', function onend () {
+    self.emit('end')
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set content-type based on `path`
+ * if it hasn't been explicitly set.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.type = function type (path) {
+  var res = this.res
+
+  if (res.getHeader('Content-Type')) return
+
+  var type = mime.lookup(path)
+
+  if (!type) {
+    debug('no content-type')
+    return
+  }
+
+  var charset = mime.charsets.lookup(type)
+
+  debug('content-type %s', type)
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', type + (charset ? '; charset=' + charset : ''))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set response header fields, most
+ * fields may be pre-defined.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Object} stat
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+SendStream.prototype.setHeader = function setHeader (path, stat) {
+  var res = this.res
+
+  this.emit('headers', res, path, stat)
+
+  if (this._acceptRanges && !res.getHeader('Accept-Ranges')) {
+    debug('accept ranges')
+    res.setHeader('Accept-Ranges', 'bytes')
+  }
+
+  if (this._cacheControl && !res.getHeader('Cache-Control')) {
+    var cacheControl = 'public, max-age=' + Math.floor(this._maxage / 1000)
+
+    if (this._immutable) {
+      cacheControl += ', immutable'
+    }
+
+    debug('cache-control %s', cacheControl)
+    res.setHeader('Cache-Control', cacheControl)
+  }
+
+  if (this._lastModified && !res.getHeader('Last-Modified')) {
+    var modified = stat.mtime.toUTCString()
+    debug('modified %s', modified)
+    res.setHeader('Last-Modified', modified)
+  }
+
+  if (this._etag && !res.getHeader('ETag')) {
+    var val = etag(stat)
+    debug('etag %s', val)
+    res.setHeader('ETag', val)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear all headers from a response.
+ *
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function clearHeaders (res) {
+  var headers = getHeaderNames(res)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
+    res.removeHeader(headers[i])
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collapse all leading slashes into a single slash
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @private
+ */
+function collapseLeadingSlashes (str) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    if (str[i] !== '/') {
+      break
+    }
+  }
+
+  return i > 1
+    ? '/' + str.substr(i)
+    : str
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if path parts contain a dotfile.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function containsDotFile (parts) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    var part = parts[i]
+    if (part.length > 1 && part[0] === '.') {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Content-Range header.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @param {number} size
+ * @param {array} [range]
+ */
+
+function contentRange (type, size, range) {
+  return type + ' ' + (range ? range.start + '-' + range.end : '*') + '/' + size
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a minimal HTML document.
+ *
+ * @param {string} title
+ * @param {string} body
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createHtmlDocument (title, body) {
+  return '<!DOCTYPE html>\n' +
+    '<html lang="en">\n' +
+    '<head>\n' +
+    '<meta charset="utf-8">\n' +
+    '<title>' + title + '</title>\n' +
+    '</head>\n' +
+    '<body>\n' +
+    '<pre>' + body + '</pre>\n' +
+    '</body>\n' +
+    '</html>\n'
+}
+
+/**
+ * decodeURIComponent.
+ *
+ * Allows V8 to only deoptimize this fn instead of all
+ * of send().
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function decode (path) {
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(path)
+  } catch (err) {
+    return -1
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the header names on a respnse.
+ *
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @returns {array[string]}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function getHeaderNames (res) {
+  return typeof res.getHeaderNames !== 'function'
+    ? Object.keys(res._headers || {})
+    : res.getHeaderNames()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if emitter has listeners of a given type.
+ *
+ * The way to do this check is done three different ways in Node.js >= 0.8
+ * so this consolidates them into a minimal set using instance methods.
+ *
+ * @param {EventEmitter} emitter
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function hasListeners (emitter, type) {
+  var count = typeof emitter.listenerCount !== 'function'
+    ? emitter.listeners(type).length
+    : emitter.listenerCount(type)
+
+  return count > 0
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if the response headers have been sent.
+ *
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function headersSent (res) {
+  return typeof res.headersSent !== 'boolean'
+    ? Boolean(res._header)
+    : res.headersSent
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize the index option into an array.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean|string|array} val
+ * @param {string} name
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function normalizeList (val, name) {
+  var list = [].concat(val || [])
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    if (typeof list[i] !== 'string') {
+      throw new TypeError(name + ' must be array of strings or false')
+    }
+  }
+
+  return list
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse an HTTP Date into a number.
+ *
+ * @param {string} date
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseHttpDate (date) {
+  var timestamp = date && Date.parse(date)
+
+  return typeof timestamp === 'number'
+    ? timestamp
+    : NaN
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a HTTP token list.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parseTokenList (str) {
+  var end = 0
+  var list = []
+  var start = 0
+
+  // gather tokens
+  for (var i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
+    switch (str.charCodeAt(i)) {
+      case 0x20: /*   */
+        if (start === end) {
+          start = end = i + 1
+        }
+        break
+      case 0x2c: /* , */
+        list.push(str.substring(start, end))
+        start = end = i + 1
+        break
+      default:
+        end = i + 1
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  // final token
+  list.push(str.substring(start, end))
+
+  return list
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set an object of headers on a response.
+ *
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @param {object} headers
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function setHeaders (res, headers) {
+  var keys = Object.keys(headers)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    var key = keys[i]
+    res.setHeader(key, headers[key])
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/index.js b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72297501f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var w = d * 7;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isNaN(val) === false) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^((?:\d+)?\-?\d?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|weeks?|w|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'weeks':
+    case 'week':
+    case 'w':
+      return n * w;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  var msAbs = Math.abs(ms);
+  if (msAbs >= d) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, d, 'day');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= h) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, h, 'hour');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= m) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, m, 'minute');
+  }
+  if (msAbs >= s) {
+    return plural(ms, msAbs, s, 'second');
+  }
+  return ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, msAbs, n, name) {
+  var isPlural = msAbs >= n * 1.5;
+  return Math.round(ms / n) + ' ' + name + (isPlural ? 's' : '');
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/license.md b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b61253a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Zeit, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/package.json b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e00dc2c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "_from": "ms@2.1.1",
+  "_id": "ms@2.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-tgp+dl5cGk28utYktBsrFqA7HKgrhgPsg6Z/EfhWI4gl1Hwq8B/GmY/0oXZ6nF8hDVesS/FpnYaD/kOWhYQvyg==",
+  "_location": "/send/ms",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "ms@2.1.1",
+    "name": "ms",
+    "escapedName": "ms",
+    "rawSpec": "2.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "2.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "30a5864eb3ebb0a66f2ebe6d727af06a09d86e0a",
+  "_spec": "ms@2.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\send",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/zeit/ms/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Tiny millisecond conversion utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "4.12.1",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.14.3",
+    "lint-staged": "5.0.0",
+    "mocha": "4.0.1"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/zeit/ms#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "ms",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/zeit/ms.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "version": "2.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb767293a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/node_modules/ms/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# ms
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms)
+[![Slack Channel](http://zeit-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://zeit.chat/)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+ms('-3 days') // -259200000
+ms('-1h')     // -3600000
+ms('-200')    // -200
+```
+
+### Convert from Milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(-3 * 60000)        // "-3m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time Format Written-Out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(-3 * 60000, { long: true })        // "-3 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`)
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent milliseconds is returned
+
+## Related Packages
+
+- [ms.macro](https://github.com/knpwrs/ms.macro) - Run `ms` as a macro at build-time.
+
+## Caught a Bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, Node.js will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/send/package.json b/backend/node_modules/send/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76372bb7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/send/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+  "_from": "send@0.17.1",
+  "_id": "send@0.17.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-BsVKsiGcQMFwT8UxypobUKyv7irCNRHk1T0G680vk88yf6LBByGcZJOTJCrTP2xVN6yI+XjPJcNuE3V4fT9sAg==",
+  "_location": "/send",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "send@0.17.1",
+    "name": "send",
+    "escapedName": "send",
+    "rawSpec": "0.17.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.17.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/serve-static"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/send/-/send-0.17.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "c1d8b059f7900f7466dd4938bdc44e11ddb376c8",
+  "_spec": "send@0.17.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
+    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/send/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "James Wyatt Cready",
+      "email": "jcready@gmail.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jesús Leganés Combarro",
+      "email": "piranna@gmail.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "debug": "2.6.9",
+    "depd": "~1.1.2",
+    "destroy": "~1.0.4",
+    "encodeurl": "~1.0.2",
+    "escape-html": "~1.0.3",
+    "etag": "~1.8.1",
+    "fresh": "0.5.2",
+    "http-errors": "~1.7.2",
+    "mime": "1.6.0",
+    "ms": "2.1.1",
+    "on-finished": "~2.3.0",
+    "range-parser": "~1.2.1",
+    "statuses": "~1.5.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Better streaming static file server with Range and conditional-GET support",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "after": "0.8.2",
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "supertest": "4.0.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/pillarjs/send#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "static",
+    "file",
+    "server"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "send",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/pillarjs/send.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --check-leaks --reporter spec --bail",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --check-leaks --reporter spec",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --check-leaks --reporter dot"
+  },
+  "version": "0.17.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/serve-static/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7203e4fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+1.14.1 / 2019-05-10
+===================
+
+  * Set stricter CSP header in redirect response
+  * deps: send@0.17.1
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.2.1
+
+1.14.0 / 2019-05-07
+===================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.3
+  * deps: send@0.17.0
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.7.2
+    - deps: mime@1.6.0
+    - deps: ms@2.1.1
+    - deps: statuses@~1.5.0
+    - perf: remove redundant `path.normalize` call
+
+1.13.2 / 2018-02-07
+===================
+
+  * Fix incorrect end tag in redirects
+  * deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - Fix encoding `%` as last character
+  * deps: send@0.16.2
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: encodeurl@~1.0.2
+    - deps: statuses@~1.4.0
+
+1.13.1 / 2017-09-29
+===================
+
+  * Fix regression when `root` is incorrectly set to a file
+  * deps: send@0.16.1
+
+1.13.0 / 2017-09-27
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.16.0
+    - Add 70 new types for file extensions
+    - Add `immutable` option
+    - Fix missing `</html>` in default error & redirects
+    - Set charset as "UTF-8" for .js and .json
+    - Use instance methods on steam to check for listeners
+    - deps: mime@1.4.1
+    - perf: improve path validation speed
+
+1.12.6 / 2017-09-22
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.15.6
+    - deps: debug@2.6.9
+    - perf: improve `If-Match` token parsing
+  * perf: improve slash collapsing
+
+1.12.5 / 2017-09-21
+===================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.2
+    - perf: reduce overhead for full URLs
+    - perf: unroll the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+  * deps: send@0.15.5
+    - Fix handling of modified headers with invalid dates
+    - deps: etag@~1.8.1
+    - deps: fresh@0.5.2
+
+1.12.4 / 2017-08-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.15.4
+    - deps: debug@2.6.8
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.1
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.6.2
+
+1.12.3 / 2017-05-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.15.3
+    - deps: debug@2.6.7
+
+1.12.2 / 2017-04-26
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.15.2
+    - deps: debug@2.6.4
+
+1.12.1 / 2017-03-04
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.15.1
+    - Fix issue when `Date.parse` does not return `NaN` on invalid date
+    - Fix strict violation in broken environments
+
+1.12.0 / 2017-02-25
+===================
+
+  * Send complete HTML document in redirect response
+  * Set default CSP header in redirect response
+  * deps: send@0.15.0
+    - Fix false detection of `no-cache` request directive
+    - Fix incorrect result when `If-None-Match` has both `*` and ETags
+    - Fix weak `ETag` matching to match spec
+    - Remove usage of `res._headers` private field
+    - Support `If-Match` and `If-Unmodified-Since` headers
+    - Use `res.getHeaderNames()` when available
+    - Use `res.headersSent` when available
+    - deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.8.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.5.0
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.6.1
+
+1.11.2 / 2017-01-23
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.14.2
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.5.1
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+    - deps: statuses@~1.3.1
+
+1.11.1 / 2016-06-10
+===================
+
+  * Fix redirect error when `req.url` contains raw non-URL characters
+  * deps: send@0.14.1
+
+1.11.0 / 2016-06-07
+===================
+
+  * Use status code 301 for redirects
+  * deps: send@0.14.0
+    - Add `acceptRanges` option
+    - Add `cacheControl` option
+    - Attempt to combine multiple ranges into single range
+    - Correctly inherit from `Stream` class
+    - Fix `Content-Range` header in 416 responses when using `start`/`end` options
+    - Fix `Content-Range` header missing from default 416 responses
+    - Ignore non-byte `Range` headers
+    - deps: http-errors@~1.5.0
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.2.0
+    - deps: statuses@~1.3.0
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.10.3 / 2016-05-30
+===================
+
+  * deps: send@0.13.2
+    - Fix invalid `Content-Type` header when `send.mime.default_type` unset
+
+1.10.2 / 2016-01-19
+===================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.1
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.10.1 / 2016-01-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: optimize string replacement
+    - perf: use faster string coercion
+  * deps: send@0.13.1
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.0
+    - deps: destroy@~1.0.4
+    - deps: escape-html@~1.0.3
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.0.3
+
+1.10.0 / 2015-06-17
+===================
+
+  * Add `fallthrough` option
+    - Allows declaring this middleware is the final destination
+    - Provides better integration with Express patterns
+  * Fix reading options from options prototype
+  * Improve the default redirect response headers
+  * deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+  * deps: send@0.13.0
+    - Allow Node.js HTTP server to set `Date` response header
+    - Fix incorrectly removing `Content-Location` on 304 response
+    - Improve the default redirect response headers
+    - Send appropriate headers on default error response
+    - Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+    - Use `statuses` instead of `http` module for status messages
+    - deps: escape-html@1.0.2
+    - deps: etag@~1.7.0
+    - deps: fresh@0.3.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove unnecessary array allocations
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.9.3 / 2015-05-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.12.3
+    - deps: debug@~2.2.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.6.0
+    - deps: ms@0.7.1
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+
+1.9.2 / 2015-03-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.12.2
+    - Throw errors early for invalid `extensions` or `index` options
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.3
+
+1.9.1 / 2015-02-17
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.12.1
+    - Fix regression sending zero-length files
+
+1.9.0 / 2015-02-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.12.0
+    - Always read the stat size from the file
+    - Fix mutating passed-in `options`
+    - deps: mime@1.3.4
+
+1.8.1 / 2015-01-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix redirect loop in Node.js 0.11.14
+  * deps: send@0.11.1
+    - Fix root path disclosure
+
+1.8.0 / 2015-01-05
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.11.0
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.1
+    - deps: etag@~1.5.1
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+
+1.7.2 / 2015-01-02
+==================
+
+  * Fix potential open redirect when mounted at root
+
+1.7.1 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.10.1
+    - deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+
+1.7.0 / 2014-10-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.10.0
+    - deps: debug@~2.1.0
+    - deps: depd@~1.0.0
+    - deps: etag@~1.5.0
+
+1.6.5 / 2015-02-04
+==================
+
+  * Fix potential open redirect when mounted at root
+    - Back-ported from v1.7.2
+
+1.6.4 / 2014-10-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix redirect loop when index file serving disabled
+
+1.6.3 / 2014-09-24
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.9.3
+    - deps: etag@~1.4.0
+
+1.6.2 / 2014-09-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.9.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.5
+    - deps: etag@~1.3.1
+    - deps: range-parser@~1.0.2
+
+1.6.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.9.1
+    - deps: fresh@0.2.4
+
+1.6.0 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.9.0
+    - Add `lastModified` option
+    - Use `etag` to generate `ETag` header
+    - deps: debug@~2.0.0
+
+1.5.4 / 2014-09-04
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.8.5
+    - Fix a path traversal issue when using `root`
+    - Fix malicious path detection for empty string path
+
+1.5.3 / 2014-08-17
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.8.3
+
+1.5.2 / 2014-08-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.8.2
+    - Work around `fd` leak in Node.js 0.10 for `fs.ReadStream`
+
+1.5.1 / 2014-08-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix parsing of weird `req.originalUrl` values
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.3.0
+  * deps: utils-merge@1.0.0
+
+1.5.0 / 2014-08-05
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.8.1
+    - Add `extensions` option
+
+1.4.4 / 2014-08-04
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.7.4
+    - Fix serving index files without root dir
+
+1.4.3 / 2014-07-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.7.3
+    - Fix incorrect 403 on Windows and Node.js 0.11
+
+1.4.2 / 2014-07-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.7.2
+    - deps: depd@0.4.4
+
+1.4.1 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.7.1
+    - deps: depd@0.4.3
+
+1.4.0 / 2014-07-21
+==================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.2.0
+    - Cache URLs based on original value
+    - Remove no-longer-needed URL mis-parse work-around
+    - Simplify the "fast-path" `RegExp`
+  * deps: send@0.7.0
+    - Add `dotfiles` option
+    - deps: debug@1.0.4
+    - deps: depd@0.4.2
+
+1.3.2 / 2014-07-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.6.0
+    - Cap `maxAge` value to 1 year
+    - deps: debug@1.0.3
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-07-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: parseurl@~1.1.3
+    - faster parsing of href-only URLs
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-06-28
+==================
+
+  * Add `setHeaders` option
+  * Include HTML link in redirect response
+  * deps: send@0.5.0
+    - Accept string for `maxAge` (converted by `ms`)
+
+1.2.3 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.4.3
+    - Do not throw un-catchable error on file open race condition
+    - Use `escape-html` for HTML escaping
+    - deps: debug@1.0.2
+    - deps: finished@1.2.2
+    - deps: fresh@0.2.2
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-06-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.4.2
+    - fix "event emitter leak" warnings
+    - deps: debug@1.0.1
+    - deps: finished@1.2.1
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-06-02
+==================
+
+  * use `escape-html` for escaping
+  * deps: send@0.4.1
+    - Send `max-age` in `Cache-Control` in correct format
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-05-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.4.0
+    - Calculate ETag with md5 for reduced collisions
+    - Fix wrong behavior when index file matches directory
+    - Ignore stream errors after request ends
+    - Skip directories in index file search
+    - deps: debug@0.8.1
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-04-24
+==================
+
+  * Accept options directly to `send` module
+  * deps: send@0.3.0
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-04-07
+==================
+
+  * Resolve relative paths at middleware setup
+  * Use parseurl to parse the URL from request
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-03-20
+==================
+
+  * Do not rely on connect-like environments
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-03-06
+==================
+
+  * deps: send@0.2.0
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-03-05
+==================
+
+  * Add mime export for back-compat
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-03-05
+==================
+
+  * Genesis from `connect`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/serve-static/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbe62e8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+Copyright (c) 2011 LearnBoost
+Copyright (c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/serve-static/README.md b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cce428cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+# serve-static
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Linux Build][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install serve-static
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+```
+
+### serveStatic(root, options)
+
+Create a new middleware function to serve files from within a given root
+directory. The file to serve will be determined by combining `req.url`
+with the provided root directory. When a file is not found, instead of
+sending a 404 response, this module will instead call `next()` to move on
+to the next middleware, allowing for stacking and fall-backs.
+
+#### Options
+
+##### acceptRanges
+
+Enable or disable accepting ranged requests, defaults to true.
+Disabling this will not send `Accept-Ranges` and ignore the contents
+of the `Range` request header.
+
+##### cacheControl
+
+Enable or disable setting `Cache-Control` response header, defaults to
+true. Disabling this will ignore the `immutable` and `maxAge` options.
+
+##### dotfiles
+
+ Set how "dotfiles" are treated when encountered. A dotfile is a file
+or directory that begins with a dot ("."). Note this check is done on
+the path itself without checking if the path actually exists on the
+disk. If `root` is specified, only the dotfiles above the root are
+checked (i.e. the root itself can be within a dotfile when set
+to "deny").
+
+  - `'allow'` No special treatment for dotfiles.
+  - `'deny'` Deny a request for a dotfile and 403/`next()`.
+  - `'ignore'` Pretend like the dotfile does not exist and 404/`next()`.
+
+The default value is similar to `'ignore'`, with the exception that this
+default will not ignore the files within a directory that begins with a dot.
+
+##### etag
+
+Enable or disable etag generation, defaults to true.
+
+##### extensions
+
+Set file extension fallbacks. When set, if a file is not found, the given
+extensions will be added to the file name and search for. The first that
+exists will be served. Example: `['html', 'htm']`.
+
+The default value is `false`.
+
+##### fallthrough
+
+Set the middleware to have client errors fall-through as just unhandled
+requests, otherwise forward a client error. The difference is that client
+errors like a bad request or a request to a non-existent file will cause
+this middleware to simply `next()` to your next middleware when this value
+is `true`. When this value is `false`, these errors (even 404s), will invoke
+`next(err)`.
+
+Typically `true` is desired such that multiple physical directories can be
+mapped to the same web address or for routes to fill in non-existent files.
+
+The value `false` can be used if this middleware is mounted at a path that
+is designed to be strictly a single file system directory, which allows for
+short-circuiting 404s for less overhead. This middleware will also reply to
+all methods.
+
+The default value is `true`.
+
+##### immutable
+
+Enable or disable the `immutable` directive in the `Cache-Control` response
+header, defaults to `false`. If set to `true`, the `maxAge` option should
+also be specified to enable caching. The `immutable` directive will prevent
+supported clients from making conditional requests during the life of the
+`maxAge` option to check if the file has changed.
+
+##### index
+
+By default this module will send "index.html" files in response to a request
+on a directory. To disable this set `false` or to supply a new index pass a
+string or an array in preferred order.
+
+##### lastModified
+
+Enable or disable `Last-Modified` header, defaults to true. Uses the file
+system's last modified value.
+
+##### maxAge
+
+Provide a max-age in milliseconds for http caching, defaults to 0. This
+can also be a string accepted by the [ms](https://www.npmjs.org/package/ms#readme)
+module.
+
+##### redirect
+
+Redirect to trailing "/" when the pathname is a dir. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### setHeaders
+
+Function to set custom headers on response. Alterations to the headers need to
+occur synchronously. The function is called as `fn(res, path, stat)`, where
+the arguments are:
+
+  - `res` the response object
+  - `path` the file path that is being sent
+  - `stat` the stat object of the file that is being sent
+
+## Examples
+
+### Serve files with vanilla node.js http server
+
+```js
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+var http = require('http')
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+
+// Serve up public/ftp folder
+var serve = serveStatic('public/ftp', { 'index': ['index.html', 'index.htm'] })
+
+// Create server
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  serve(req, res, finalhandler(req, res))
+})
+
+// Listen
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### Serve all files as downloads
+
+```js
+var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition')
+var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
+var http = require('http')
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+
+// Serve up public/ftp folder
+var serve = serveStatic('public/ftp', {
+  'index': false,
+  'setHeaders': setHeaders
+})
+
+// Set header to force download
+function setHeaders (res, path) {
+  res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', contentDisposition(path))
+}
+
+// Create server
+var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  serve(req, res, finalhandler(req, res))
+})
+
+// Listen
+server.listen(3000)
+```
+
+### Serving using express
+
+#### Simple
+
+This is a simple example of using Express.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(serveStatic('public/ftp', { 'index': ['default.html', 'default.htm'] }))
+app.listen(3000)
+```
+
+#### Multiple roots
+
+This example shows a simple way to search through multiple directories.
+Files are look for in `public-optimized/` first, then `public/` second as
+a fallback.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var path = require('path')
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(serveStatic(path.join(__dirname, 'public-optimized')))
+app.use(serveStatic(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
+app.listen(3000)
+```
+
+#### Different settings for paths
+
+This example shows how to set a different max age depending on the served
+file type. In this example, HTML files are not cached, while everything else
+is for 1 day.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var path = require('path')
+var serveStatic = require('serve-static')
+
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(serveStatic(path.join(__dirname, 'public'), {
+  maxAge: '1d',
+  setHeaders: setCustomCacheControl
+}))
+
+app.listen(3000)
+
+function setCustomCacheControl (res, path) {
+  if (serveStatic.mime.lookup(path) === 'text/html') {
+    // Custom Cache-Control for HTML files
+    res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'public, max-age=0')
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[appveyor-image]: https://badgen.net/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/serve-static/master?label=windows
+[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/serve-static
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/expressjs/serve-static/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/serve-static?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/serve-static
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/serve-static
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/serve-static
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/serve-static
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/expressjs/serve-static/master?label=linux
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/serve-static
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/serve-static/index.js b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7d3984c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*!
+ * serve-static
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl')
+var escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
+var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
+var resolve = require('path').resolve
+var send = require('send')
+var url = require('url')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = serveStatic
+module.exports.mime = send.mime
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} root
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function serveStatic (root, options) {
+  if (!root) {
+    throw new TypeError('root path required')
+  }
+
+  if (typeof root !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('root path must be a string')
+  }
+
+  // copy options object
+  var opts = Object.create(options || null)
+
+  // fall-though
+  var fallthrough = opts.fallthrough !== false
+
+  // default redirect
+  var redirect = opts.redirect !== false
+
+  // headers listener
+  var setHeaders = opts.setHeaders
+
+  if (setHeaders && typeof setHeaders !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option setHeaders must be function')
+  }
+
+  // setup options for send
+  opts.maxage = opts.maxage || opts.maxAge || 0
+  opts.root = resolve(root)
+
+  // construct directory listener
+  var onDirectory = redirect
+    ? createRedirectDirectoryListener()
+    : createNotFoundDirectoryListener()
+
+  return function serveStatic (req, res, next) {
+    if (req.method !== 'GET' && req.method !== 'HEAD') {
+      if (fallthrough) {
+        return next()
+      }
+
+      // method not allowed
+      res.statusCode = 405
+      res.setHeader('Allow', 'GET, HEAD')
+      res.setHeader('Content-Length', '0')
+      res.end()
+      return
+    }
+
+    var forwardError = !fallthrough
+    var originalUrl = parseUrl.original(req)
+    var path = parseUrl(req).pathname
+
+    // make sure redirect occurs at mount
+    if (path === '/' && originalUrl.pathname.substr(-1) !== '/') {
+      path = ''
+    }
+
+    // create send stream
+    var stream = send(req, path, opts)
+
+    // add directory handler
+    stream.on('directory', onDirectory)
+
+    // add headers listener
+    if (setHeaders) {
+      stream.on('headers', setHeaders)
+    }
+
+    // add file listener for fallthrough
+    if (fallthrough) {
+      stream.on('file', function onFile () {
+        // once file is determined, always forward error
+        forwardError = true
+      })
+    }
+
+    // forward errors
+    stream.on('error', function error (err) {
+      if (forwardError || !(err.statusCode < 500)) {
+        next(err)
+        return
+      }
+
+      next()
+    })
+
+    // pipe
+    stream.pipe(res)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collapse all leading slashes into a single slash
+ * @private
+ */
+function collapseLeadingSlashes (str) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    if (str.charCodeAt(i) !== 0x2f /* / */) {
+      break
+    }
+  }
+
+  return i > 1
+    ? '/' + str.substr(i)
+    : str
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a minimal HTML document.
+ *
+ * @param {string} title
+ * @param {string} body
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createHtmlDocument (title, body) {
+  return '<!DOCTYPE html>\n' +
+    '<html lang="en">\n' +
+    '<head>\n' +
+    '<meta charset="utf-8">\n' +
+    '<title>' + title + '</title>\n' +
+    '</head>\n' +
+    '<body>\n' +
+    '<pre>' + body + '</pre>\n' +
+    '</body>\n' +
+    '</html>\n'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a directory listener that just 404s.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createNotFoundDirectoryListener () {
+  return function notFound () {
+    this.error(404)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a directory listener that performs a redirect.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createRedirectDirectoryListener () {
+  return function redirect (res) {
+    if (this.hasTrailingSlash()) {
+      this.error(404)
+      return
+    }
+
+    // get original URL
+    var originalUrl = parseUrl.original(this.req)
+
+    // append trailing slash
+    originalUrl.path = null
+    originalUrl.pathname = collapseLeadingSlashes(originalUrl.pathname + '/')
+
+    // reformat the URL
+    var loc = encodeUrl(url.format(originalUrl))
+    var doc = createHtmlDocument('Redirecting', 'Redirecting to <a href="' + escapeHtml(loc) + '">' +
+      escapeHtml(loc) + '</a>')
+
+    // send redirect response
+    res.statusCode = 301
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')
+    res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(doc))
+    res.setHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'none'")
+    res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
+    res.setHeader('Location', loc)
+    res.end(doc)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/serve-static/package.json b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38ddd2772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/serve-static/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "_from": "serve-static@1.14.1",
+  "_id": "serve-static@1.14.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-JMrvUwE54emCYWlTI+hGrGv5I8dEwmco/00EvkzIIsR7MqrHonbD9pO2MOfFnpFntl7ecpZs+3mW+XbQZu9QCg==",
+  "_location": "/serve-static",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "serve-static@1.14.1",
+    "name": "serve-static",
+    "escapedName": "serve-static",
+    "rawSpec": "1.14.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.14.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/serve-static/-/serve-static-1.14.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "666e636dc4f010f7ef29970a88a674320898b2f9",
+  "_spec": "serve-static@1.14.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/serve-static/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "encodeurl": "~1.0.2",
+    "escape-html": "~1.0.3",
+    "parseurl": "~1.3.3",
+    "send": "0.17.1"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Serve static files",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.1.2",
+    "supertest": "4.0.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/expressjs/serve-static#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "serve-static",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/expressjs/serve-static.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "version": "node scripts/version-history.js && git add HISTORY.md"
+  },
+  "version": "1.14.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03bf59192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Change Log
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
+
+<a name="2.0.0"></a>
+# [2.0.0](https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking/compare/v1.0.0...v2.0.0) (2016-05-17)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add an isTTY check ([#3](https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking/issues/3)) ([66ce277](https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking/commit/66ce277))
+
+
+### BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* stdio/stderr will not be set to blocking if isTTY === false
+
+
+
+<a name="1.0.0"></a>
+# 1.0.0 (2016-05-14)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* implemented shim for stream._handle.setBlocking ([6bde0c0](https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking/commit/6bde0c0))
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/LICENSE.txt b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..836440bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Copyright (c) 2016, Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software
+for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided
+that the above copyright notice and this permission notice
+appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
+ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/README.md b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e93b4202b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# set-blocking
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/yargs/set-blocking.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/yargs/set-blocking)
+[![NPM version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/set-blocking.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/set-blocking)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/yargs/set-blocking/badge.svg?branch=)](https://coveralls.io/r/yargs/set-blocking?branch=master)
+[![Standard Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/release-standard%20version-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version)
+
+set blocking `stdio` and `stderr` ensuring that terminal output does not truncate.
+
+```js
+const setBlocking = require('set-blocking')
+setBlocking(true)
+console.log(someLargeStringToOutput)
+```
+
+## Historical Context/Word of Warning
+
+This was created as a shim to address the bug discussed in [node #6456](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/6456). This bug crops up on
+newer versions of Node.js (`0.12+`), truncating terminal output.
+
+You should be mindful of the side-effects caused by using `set-blocking`:
+
+* if your module sets blocking to `true`, it will effect other modules
+  consuming your library. In [yargs](https://github.com/yargs/yargs/blob/master/yargs.js#L653) we only call
+  `setBlocking(true)` once we already know we are about to call `process.exit(code)`.
+* this patch will not apply to subprocesses spawned with `isTTY = true`, this is
+  the [default `spawn()` behavior](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options).
+
+## License
+
+ISC
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/index.js b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f78774bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+module.exports = function (blocking) {
+  [process.stdout, process.stderr].forEach(function (stream) {
+    if (stream._handle && stream.isTTY && typeof stream._handle.setBlocking === 'function') {
+      stream._handle.setBlocking(blocking)
+    }
+  })
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/package.json b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd6990f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/set-blocking/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "_from": "set-blocking@~2.0.0",
+  "_id": "set-blocking@2.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-BF+XgtARrppoA93TgrJDkrPYkPc=",
+  "_location": "/set-blocking",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "set-blocking@~2.0.0",
+    "name": "set-blocking",
+    "escapedName": "set-blocking",
+    "rawSpec": "~2.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~2.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/npmlog"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/set-blocking/-/set-blocking-2.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "045f9782d011ae9a6803ddd382b24392b3d890f7",
+  "_spec": "set-blocking@~2.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\npmlog",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Ben Coe",
+    "email": "ben@npmjs.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "set blocking stdio and stderr ensuring that terminal output does not truncate",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "coveralls": "^2.11.9",
+    "mocha": "^2.4.5",
+    "nyc": "^6.4.4",
+    "standard": "^7.0.1",
+    "standard-version": "^2.2.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "LICENSE.txt"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "flush",
+    "terminal",
+    "blocking",
+    "shim",
+    "stdio",
+    "stderr"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "set-blocking",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/yargs/set-blocking.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "nyc report --reporter=text-lcov | coveralls",
+    "pretest": "standard",
+    "test": "nyc mocha ./test/*.js",
+    "version": "standard-version"
+  },
+  "version": "2.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61afa2f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015, Wes Todd
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/README.md b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f120044b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Polyfill for `Object.setPrototypeOf`
+
+[![NPM Version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/setprototypeof.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/setprototypeof)
+[![NPM Downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/setprototypeof.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/setprototypeof)
+[![js-standard-style](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-standard-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/standard/standard)
+
+A simple cross platform implementation to set the prototype of an instianted object.  Supports all modern browsers and at least back to IE8.
+
+## Usage:
+
+```
+$ npm install --save setprototypeof
+```
+
+```javascript
+var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
+
+var obj = {}
+setPrototypeOf(obj, {
+  foo: function () {
+    return 'bar'
+  }
+})
+obj.foo() // bar
+```
+
+TypeScript is also supported:
+
+```typescript
+import setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f108ecd0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+declare function setPrototypeOf(o: any, proto: object | null): any;
+export = setPrototypeOf;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/index.js b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81fd5d7af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+'use strict'
+/* eslint no-proto: 0 */
+module.exports = Object.setPrototypeOf || ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array ? setProtoOf : mixinProperties)
+
+function setProtoOf (obj, proto) {
+  obj.__proto__ = proto
+  return obj
+}
+
+function mixinProperties (obj, proto) {
+  for (var prop in proto) {
+    if (!obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
+      obj[prop] = proto[prop]
+    }
+  }
+  return obj
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/package.json b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc2d51765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "_from": "setprototypeof@1.1.1",
+  "_id": "setprototypeof@1.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-JvdAWfbXeIGaZ9cILp38HntZSFSo3mWg6xGcJJsd+d4aRMOqauag1C63dJfDw7OaMYwEbHMOxEZ1lqVRYP2OAw==",
+  "_location": "/setprototypeof",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "setprototypeof@1.1.1",
+    "name": "setprototypeof",
+    "escapedName": "setprototypeof",
+    "rawSpec": "1.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/http-errors"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/setprototypeof/-/setprototypeof-1.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7e95acb24aa92f5885e0abef5ba131330d4ae683",
+  "_spec": "setprototypeof@1.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Wes Todd"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/wesleytodd/setprototypeof/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A small polyfill for Object.setprototypeof",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
+    "standard": "^12.0.1"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/wesleytodd/setprototypeof",
+  "keywords": [
+    "polyfill",
+    "object",
+    "setprototypeof"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "setprototypeof",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/wesleytodd/setprototypeof.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "node010": "NODE_VER=0.10 MOCHA_VER=3 npm run testversion",
+    "node11": "NODE_VER=11 npm run testversion",
+    "node4": "NODE_VER=4 npm run testversion",
+    "node6": "NODE_VER=6 npm run testversion",
+    "node9": "NODE_VER=9 npm run testversion",
+    "test": "standard && mocha",
+    "testallversions": "npm run node010 && npm run node4 && npm run node6 && npm run node9 && npm run node11",
+    "testversion": "docker run -it --rm -v $(PWD):/usr/src/app -w /usr/src/app node:${NODE_VER} npm install mocha@${MOCHA_VER:-latest} && npm t"
+  },
+  "typings": "index.d.ts",
+  "version": "1.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/test/index.js b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afeb4ddb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/setprototypeof/test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict'
+/* eslint-env mocha */
+/* eslint no-proto: 0 */
+var assert = require('assert')
+var setPrototypeOf = require('..')
+
+describe('setProtoOf(obj, proto)', function () {
+  it('should merge objects', function () {
+    var obj = { a: 1, b: 2 }
+    var proto = { b: 3, c: 4 }
+    var mergeObj = setPrototypeOf(obj, proto)
+
+    if (Object.getPrototypeOf) {
+      assert.strictEqual(Object.getPrototypeOf(obj), proto)
+    } else if ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array) {
+      assert.strictEqual(obj.__proto__, proto)
+    } else {
+      assert.strictEqual(obj.a, 1)
+      assert.strictEqual(obj.b, 2)
+      assert.strictEqual(obj.c, 4)
+    }
+    assert.strictEqual(mergeObj, obj)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/MIT-LICENSE.txt b/backend/node_modules/sift/MIT-LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c080d2eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/MIT-LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015 Craig Condon
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/README.md b/backend/node_modules/sift/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4eb62ef4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+**Installation**: `npm install sift`, or `yarn add sift`
+
+## Sift is a tiny library for using MongoDB queries in Javascript
+
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/crcn/sift.js.png)](https://secure.travis-ci.org/crcn/sift.js)
+
+<!-- [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/crcn/sift.js/badge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/crcn/sift.js)  -->
+<!-- [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/crcn/sift.js](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/crcn/sift.js?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) -->
+
+**For extended documentation, checkout http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/query/**
+
+## Features:
+
+- Supported operators: [\$in](#in), [\$nin](#nin), [\$exists](#exists), [\$gte](#gte), [\$gt](#gt), [\$lte](#lte), [\$lt](#lt), [\$eq](#eq), [\$ne](#ne), [\$mod](#mod), [\$all](#all), [\$and](#and), [\$or](#or), [\$nor](#nor), [\$not](#not), [\$size](#size), [\$type](#type), [\$regex](#regex), [\$where](#where), [\$elemMatch](#elemmatch)
+- Regexp searches
+- Supports node.js, and web
+- Custom Operations
+- Tree-shaking (omitting functionality from web app bundles)
+
+## Examples
+
+```javascript
+import sift from "sift";
+
+//intersecting arrays
+const result1 = ["hello", "sifted", "array!"].filter(
+  sift({ $in: ["hello", "world"] })
+); //['hello']
+
+//regexp filter
+const result2 = ["craig", "john", "jake"].filter(sift(/^j/)); //['john','jake']
+
+// function filter
+const testFilter = sift({
+  //you can also filter against functions
+  name: function(value) {
+    return value.length == 5;
+  }
+});
+
+const result3 = [
+  {
+    name: "craig"
+  },
+  {
+    name: "john"
+  },
+  {
+    name: "jake"
+  }
+].filter(testFilter); // filtered: [{ name: 'craig' }]
+
+//you can test *single values* against your custom sifter
+testFilter({ name: "sarah" }); //true
+testFilter({ name: "tim" }); //false
+```
+
+## API
+
+### sift(query: MongoQuery, options?: Options): Function
+
+Creates a filter with all of the built-in MongoDB query operations.
+
+- `query` - the filter to use against the target array
+- `options`
+  - `operations` - [custom operations](#custom-operations)
+  - `compare` - compares difference between two values
+
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+import sift from "sift";
+
+const test = sift({ $gt: 5 }));
+
+console.log(test(6)); // true
+console.log(test(4)); // false
+
+[3, 4, 5, 6, 7].filter(sift({ $exists: true })); // [6, 7]
+```
+
+### createQueryTester(query: Query, options?: Options): Function
+
+Creates a filter function **without** built-in MongoDB query operations. This is useful
+if you're looking to omit certain operations from application bundles. See [Omitting built-in operations](#omitting-built-in-operations) for more info.
+
+```javascript
+import { createQueryTester, $eq, $in } from "sift";
+const filter = createQueryTester({ $eq: 5 }, { operations: { $eq, $in } });
+```
+
+### createEqualsOperation(params: any, ownerQuery: Query, options: Options): Operation
+
+Used for [custom operations](#custom-operations).
+
+```javascript
+import { createQueryTester, createEqualsOperation, $eq, $in } from "sift";
+const filter = createQueryTester(
+  { $mod: 5 },
+  {
+    operations: {
+      $something(mod, ownerQuery, options) {
+        return createEqualsOperation(
+          value => value % mod === 0,
+          ownerQuery,
+          options
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+);
+filter(10); // true
+filter(11); // false
+```
+
+## Supported Operators
+
+See MongoDB's [advanced queries](http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries) for more info.
+
+### \$in
+
+array value must be _\$in_ the given query:
+
+Intersecting two arrays:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: ['Brazil']
+["Brazil", "Haiti", "Peru", "Chile"].filter(
+  sift({ $in: ["Costa Rica", "Brazil"] })
+);
+```
+
+Here's another example. This acts more like the \$or operator:
+
+```javascript
+[{ name: "Craig", location: "Brazil" }].filter(
+  sift({ location: { $in: ["Costa Rica", "Brazil"] } })
+);
+```
+
+### \$nin
+
+Opposite of \$in:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: ['Haiti','Peru','Chile']
+["Brazil", "Haiti", "Peru", "Chile"].filter(
+  sift({ $nin: ["Costa Rica", "Brazil"] })
+);
+```
+
+### \$exists
+
+Checks if whether a value exists:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: ['Craig','Tim']
+sift({ $exists: true })(["Craig", null, "Tim"]);
+```
+
+You can also filter out values that don't exist
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [{ name: "Tim" }]
+[{ name: "Craig", city: "Minneapolis" }, { name: "Tim" }].filter(
+  sift({ city: { $exists: false } })
+);
+```
+
+### \$gte
+
+Checks if a number is >= value:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [2, 3]
+[0, 1, 2, 3].filter(sift({ $gte: 2 }));
+```
+
+### \$gt
+
+Checks if a number is > value:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [3]
+[0, 1, 2, 3].filter(sift({ $gt: 2 }));
+```
+
+### \$lte
+
+Checks if a number is <= value.
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [0, 1, 2]
+[0, 1, 2, 3].filter(sift({ $lte: 2 }));
+```
+
+### \$lt
+
+Checks if number is < value.
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [0, 1]
+[0, 1, 2, 3].filter(sift({ $lt: 2 }));
+```
+
+### \$eq
+
+Checks if `query === value`. Note that **\$eq can be omitted**. For **\$eq**, and **\$ne**
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [{ state: 'MN' }]
+[{ state: "MN" }, { state: "CA" }, { state: "WI" }].filter(
+  sift({ state: { $eq: "MN" } })
+);
+```
+
+Or:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [{ state: 'MN' }]
+[{ state: "MN" }, { state: "CA" }, { state: "WI" }].filter(
+  sift({ state: "MN" })
+);
+```
+
+### \$ne
+
+Checks if `query !== value`.
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [{ state: 'CA' }, { state: 'WI'}]
+[{ state: "MN" }, { state: "CA" }, { state: "WI" }].filter(
+  sift({ state: { $ne: "MN" } })
+);
+```
+
+### \$mod
+
+Modulus:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [300, 600]
+[100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600].filter(sift({ $mod: [3, 0] }));
+```
+
+### \$all
+
+values must match **everything** in array:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [ { tags: ['books','programming','travel' ]} ]
+[
+  { tags: ["books", "programming", "travel"] },
+  { tags: ["travel", "cooking"] }
+].filter(sift({ tags: { $all: ["books", "programming"] } }));
+```
+
+### \$and
+
+ability to use an array of expressions. All expressions must test true.
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [ { name: 'Craig', state: 'MN' }]
+
+[
+  { name: "Craig", state: "MN" },
+  { name: "Tim", state: "MN" },
+  { name: "Joe", state: "CA" }
+].filter(sift({ $and: [{ name: "Craig" }, { state: "MN" }] }));
+```
+
+### \$or
+
+OR array of expressions.
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [ { name: 'Craig', state: 'MN' }, { name: 'Tim', state: 'MN' }]
+[
+  { name: "Craig", state: "MN" },
+  { name: "Tim", state: "MN" },
+  { name: "Joe", state: "CA" }
+].filter(sift({ $or: [{ name: "Craig" }, { state: "MN" }] }));
+```
+
+### \$nor
+
+opposite of or:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: [ { name: 'Tim', state: 'MN' }, { name: 'Joe', state: 'CA' }]
+[
+  { name: "Craig", state: "MN" },
+  { name: "Tim", state: "MN" },
+  { name: "Joe", state: "CA" }
+].filter(sift({ $nor: [{ name: "Craig" }, { state: "MN" }] }));
+```
+
+### \$size
+
+Matches an array - must match given size:
+
+```javascript
+//filtered: ['food','cooking']
+[{ tags: ["food", "cooking"] }, { tags: ["traveling"] }].filter(
+  sift({ tags: { $size: 2 } })
+);
+```
+
+### \$type
+
+Matches a values based on the type
+
+```javascript
+[new Date(), 4342, "hello world"].filter(sift({ $type: Date })); //returns single date
+[new Date(), 4342, "hello world"].filter(sift({ $type: String })); //returns ['hello world']
+```
+
+### \$regex
+
+Matches values based on the given regular expression
+
+```javascript
+["frank", "fred", "sam", "frost"].filter(
+  sift({ $regex: /^f/i, $nin: ["frank"] })
+); // ["fred", "frost"]
+["frank", "fred", "sam", "frost"].filter(
+  sift({ $regex: "^f", $options: "i", $nin: ["frank"] })
+); // ["fred", "frost"]
+```
+
+### \$where
+
+Matches based on some javascript comparison
+
+```javascript
+[{ name: "frank" }, { name: "joe" }].filter(
+  sift({ $where: "this.name === 'frank'" })
+); // ["frank"]
+[{ name: "frank" }, { name: "joe" }].filter(
+  sift({
+    $where: function() {
+      return this.name === "frank";
+    }
+  })
+); // ["frank"]
+```
+
+### \$elemMatch
+
+Matches elements of array
+
+```javascript
+var bills = [
+  {
+    month: "july",
+    casts: [
+      {
+        id: 1,
+        value: 200
+      },
+      {
+        id: 2,
+        value: 1000
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    month: "august",
+    casts: [
+      {
+        id: 3,
+        value: 1000
+      },
+      {
+        id: 4,
+        value: 4000
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+];
+
+var result = bills.filter(
+  sift({
+    casts: {
+      $elemMatch: {
+        value: { $gt: 1000 }
+      }
+    }
+  })
+); // {month:'august', casts:[{id:3, value: 1000},{id: 4, value: 4000}]}
+```
+
+### \$not
+
+Not expression:
+
+```javascript
+["craig", "tim", "jake"].filter(sift({ $not: { $in: ["craig", "tim"] } })); //['jake']
+["craig", "tim", "jake"].filter(sift({ $not: { $size: 5 } })); //['tim','jake']
+```
+
+### Date comparison
+
+Mongodb allows you to do date comparisons like so:
+
+```javascript
+db.collection.find({ createdAt: { $gte: "2018-03-22T06:00:00Z" } });
+```
+
+In Sift, you'll need to specify a Date object:
+
+```javascript
+collection.find(
+  sift({ createdAt: { $gte: new Date("2018-03-22T06:00:00Z") } })
+);
+```
+
+## Custom behavior
+
+Sift works like MongoDB out of the box, but you're also able to modify the behavior to suite your needs.
+
+#### Custom operations
+
+You can register your own custom operations. Here's an example:
+
+```javascript
+import sift, { createEqualsOperation } from "sift";
+
+var filter = sift(
+  {
+    $customMod: 2
+  },
+  {
+    operations: {
+      $customMod(params, ownerQuery, options) {
+        return createEqualsOperation(
+          value => value % params !== 0,
+          ownerQuery,
+          options
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+);
+
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].filter(filter); // 1, 3, 5
+```
+
+#### Omitting built-in operations
+
+You can create a filter function that omits the built-in operations like so:
+
+```javascript
+import { createQueryTester, $in, $all, $nin, $lt } from "sift";
+const test = createQueryTester(
+  {
+    $eq: 10
+  },
+  { $in, $all, $nin, $lt }
+);
+
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 10].filter(test);
+```
+
+For bundlers like `Webpack` and `Rollup`, operations that aren't used are omitted from application bundles via tree-shaking.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/changelog.md b/backend/node_modules/sift/changelog.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8eccb2839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/changelog.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+## 13.1.0
+
+- Added stronger types for queries: https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues/197
+
+## 13.0.0
+
+- Fix behavior discrepancy with Mongo: https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues/196
+
+## 12.0.0
+
+- Fix bug where \$elemMatch tested objects: e.g: `sift({a: {$elemMatch: 1}})({ a: { b: 1}})`. \$elemMatch now expects arrays based on Mongodb syntax. E.g: `sift({a: {$elemMatch: 1}})({ a: { b: 1}})`
+
+## 11.0.0
+
+- new custom operations syntax (see API readme)
+- null & undefined are not treated equally (change has been added to keep spec as functionality as possible to MongoDB)
+- `select` option has been removed
+- `compare` option now expects `boolean` return value instead of an integer
+- nested queries are no-longer supported
+- `expressions` option is now `operations`
+- `operations` parameter now expects new operations API
+- ImmutableJS support removed for now
+- Remove bower support
+
+## 9.0.0
+
+- (behavior change) toJSON works for vanilla objects.
+
+## 8.5.1
+
+- Fix dependency vulnerability
+- Fix #158
+
+## 8.5.0
+
+- Added `comparable` option (fix https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues/156)
+
+## 8.4.0
+
+- Added `compare` option (fix https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues/155)
+
+## 8.3.2
+
+- Query _properties_ now excpect exact object shape (based on https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues/152). E.g: `[{a: { b: 1}}, {a: { b: 1, c: 2}}]].filter(sift({ a: { b: 1} })) === [{a: {b: 1}]`, and `[{a: 1, b: 1}, {a: 1}]].filter(sift({ a: 1 })) === [{a: 1, b: 1}, {a: 1}]`.
+
+## 8.0.0
+
+- DEPRECATED `indexOf` in favor of `array.findIndex(sift(query))`
+- second param is now `options` instead of select function. E.g: `sift(query, { expressions: customExpressions, select: selectValue })`
+- DEPRECATED `sift(query, array)`. You must now use `array.filter(sift(query))`
+- Queries now expect exact object shape (based on https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues/117). E.g: `[{a: 1, b: 1}, {a: 1}]].filter(sift({ a: 1 })) === [{a: 1}]`
+
+### 7.0.0
+
+- Remove global `*.use()` function.
+- converted to ES6
+
+### 3.3.x
+
+- `$in` now uses `toString()` when evaluating objects. Fixes #116.
+
+#### 2.x
+
+- `use()` now uses a different format:
+
+```javascript
+sift.use({
+  $operator: function(a) {
+    return function(b) {
+      // compare here
+    };
+  }
+});
+```
+
+- all operators are traversable now
+- fix #58.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/es/index.js b/backend/node_modules/sift/es/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f28748de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/es/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+const typeChecker = (type) => {
+    const typeString = "[object " + type + "]";
+    return function (value) {
+        return getClassName(value) === typeString;
+    };
+};
+const getClassName = value => Object.prototype.toString.call(value);
+const comparable = (value) => {
+    if (value instanceof Date) {
+        return value.getTime();
+    }
+    else if (isArray(value)) {
+        return value.map(comparable);
+    }
+    else if (value && typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
+        return value.toJSON();
+    }
+    return value;
+};
+const isArray = typeChecker("Array");
+const isObject = typeChecker("Object");
+const isFunction = typeChecker("Function");
+const isVanillaObject = value => {
+    return (value &&
+        (value.constructor === Object ||
+            value.constructor === Array ||
+            value.constructor.toString() === "function Object() { [native code] }" ||
+            value.constructor.toString() === "function Array() { [native code] }") &&
+        !value.toJSON);
+};
+const equals = (a, b) => {
+    if (a == null && a == b) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (a === b) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (Object.prototype.toString.call(a) !== Object.prototype.toString.call(b)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (isArray(a)) {
+        if (a.length !== b.length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = a; i < length; i++) {
+            if (!equals(a[i], b[i]))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (isObject(a)) {
+        if (Object.keys(a).length !== Object.keys(b).length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (const key in a) {
+            if (!equals(a[key], b[key]))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Walks through each value given the context - used for nested operations. E.g:
+ * { "person.address": { $eq: "blarg" }}
+ */
+const walkKeyPathValues = (item, keyPath, next, depth, key, owner) => {
+    const currentKey = keyPath[depth];
+    // if array, then try matching. Might fall through for cases like:
+    // { $eq: [1, 2, 3] }, [ 1, 2, 3 ].
+    if (isArray(item) && isNaN(Number(currentKey))) {
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = item; i < length; i++) {
+            // if FALSE is returned, then terminate walker. For operations, this simply
+            // means that the search critera was met.
+            if (!walkKeyPathValues(item[i], keyPath, next, depth, i, item)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (depth === keyPath.length || item == null) {
+        return next(item, key, owner);
+    }
+    return walkKeyPathValues(item[currentKey], keyPath, next, depth + 1, currentKey, item);
+};
+class BaseOperation {
+    constructor(params, owneryQuery, options) {
+        this.params = params;
+        this.owneryQuery = owneryQuery;
+        this.options = options;
+        this.init();
+    }
+    init() { }
+    reset() {
+        this.done = false;
+        this.keep = false;
+    }
+}
+class NamedBaseOperation extends BaseOperation {
+    constructor(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+        super(params, owneryQuery, options);
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}
+class GroupOperation extends BaseOperation {
+    constructor(params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+        super(params, owneryQuery, options);
+        this.children = children;
+    }
+    /**
+     */
+    reset() {
+        this.keep = false;
+        this.done = false;
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = this.children; i < length; i++) {
+            this.children[i].reset();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     */
+    childrenNext(item, key, owner) {
+        let done = true;
+        let keep = true;
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = this.children; i < length; i++) {
+            const childOperation = this.children[i];
+            childOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+            if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                keep = false;
+            }
+            if (childOperation.done) {
+                if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                done = false;
+            }
+        }
+        this.done = done;
+        this.keep = keep;
+    }
+}
+class NamedGroupOperation extends GroupOperation {
+    constructor(params, owneryQuery, options, children, name) {
+        super(params, owneryQuery, options, children);
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}
+class QueryOperation extends GroupOperation {
+    /**
+     */
+    next(item, key, parent) {
+        this.childrenNext(item, key, parent);
+    }
+}
+class NestedOperation extends GroupOperation {
+    constructor(keyPath, params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+        super(params, owneryQuery, options, children);
+        this.keyPath = keyPath;
+        /**
+         */
+        this._nextNestedValue = (value, key, owner) => {
+            this.childrenNext(value, key, owner);
+            return !this.done;
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     */
+    next(item, key, parent) {
+        walkKeyPathValues(item, this.keyPath, this._nextNestedValue, 0, key, parent);
+    }
+}
+const createTester = (a, compare) => {
+    if (a instanceof Function) {
+        return a;
+    }
+    if (a instanceof RegExp) {
+        return b => {
+            const result = typeof b === "string" && a.test(b);
+            a.lastIndex = 0;
+            return result;
+        };
+    }
+    const comparableA = comparable(a);
+    return b => compare(comparableA, comparable(b));
+};
+class EqualsOperation extends BaseOperation {
+    init() {
+        this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+    }
+    next(item, key, parent) {
+        if (!Array.isArray(parent) || parent.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+            if (this._test(item, key, parent)) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+const createEqualsOperation = (params, owneryQuery, options) => new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+class NopeOperation extends BaseOperation {
+    next() {
+        this.done = true;
+        this.keep = false;
+    }
+}
+const numericalOperationCreator = (createNumericalOperation) => (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => {
+    if (params == null) {
+        return new NopeOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+    }
+    return createNumericalOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+};
+const numericalOperation = (createTester) => numericalOperationCreator((params, owneryQuery, options) => {
+    const typeofParams = typeof comparable(params);
+    const test = createTester(params);
+    return new EqualsOperation(b => {
+        return typeof comparable(b) === typeofParams && test(b);
+    }, owneryQuery, options);
+});
+const createNamedOperation = (name, params, parentQuery, options) => {
+    const operationCreator = options.operations[name];
+    if (!operationCreator) {
+        throw new Error(`Unsupported operation: ${name}`);
+    }
+    return operationCreator(params, parentQuery, options, name);
+};
+const containsOperation = (query) => {
+    for (const key in query) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) === "$")
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+const createNestedOperation = (keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options) => {
+    if (containsOperation(nestedQuery)) {
+        const [selfOperations, nestedOperations] = createQueryOperations(nestedQuery, options);
+        if (nestedOperations.length) {
+            throw new Error(`Property queries must contain only operations, or exact objects.`);
+        }
+        return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations);
+    }
+    return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, [
+        new EqualsOperation(nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options)
+    ]);
+};
+const createQueryOperation = (query, owneryQuery = null, { compare, operations } = {}) => {
+    const options = {
+        compare: compare || equals,
+        operations: Object.assign({}, operations || {})
+    };
+    const [selfOperations, nestedOperations] = createQueryOperations(query, options);
+    const ops = [];
+    if (selfOperations.length) {
+        ops.push(new NestedOperation([], query, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations));
+    }
+    ops.push(...nestedOperations);
+    if (ops.length === 1) {
+        return ops[0];
+    }
+    return new QueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options, ops);
+};
+const createQueryOperations = (query, options) => {
+    const selfOperations = [];
+    const nestedOperations = [];
+    if (!isVanillaObject(query)) {
+        selfOperations.push(new EqualsOperation(query, query, options));
+        return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+    }
+    for (const key in query) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) === "$") {
+            const op = createNamedOperation(key, query[key], query, options);
+            // probably just a flag for another operation (like $options)
+            if (op != null) {
+                selfOperations.push(op);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            nestedOperations.push(createNestedOperation(key.split("."), query[key], query, options));
+        }
+    }
+    return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+};
+const createOperationTester = (operation) => (item, key, owner) => {
+    operation.reset();
+    operation.next(item, key, owner);
+    return operation.keep;
+};
+const createQueryTester = (query, options = {}) => {
+    return createOperationTester(createQueryOperation(query, null, options));
+};
+
+class $Ne extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    init() {
+        this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+    }
+    reset() {
+        super.reset();
+        this.keep = true;
+    }
+    next(item) {
+        if (this._test(item)) {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+// https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/elemMatch/
+class $ElemMatch extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    init() {
+        this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+    }
+    reset() {
+        super.reset();
+        this._queryOperation.reset();
+    }
+    next(item) {
+        if (isArray(item)) {
+            for (let i = 0, { length } = item; i < length; i++) {
+                // reset query operation since item being tested needs to pass _all_ query
+                // operations for it to be a success
+                this._queryOperation.reset();
+                // check item
+                this._queryOperation.next(item[i], i, item);
+                this.keep = this.keep || this._queryOperation.keep;
+            }
+            this.done = true;
+        }
+        else {
+            this.done = false;
+            this.keep = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+class $Not extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    init() {
+        this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+    }
+    reset() {
+        this._queryOperation.reset();
+    }
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        this._queryOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+        this.done = this._queryOperation.done;
+        this.keep = !this._queryOperation.keep;
+    }
+}
+class $Size extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    init() { }
+    next(item) {
+        if (isArray(item) && item.length === this.params) {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = true;
+        }
+        // if (parent && parent.length === this.params) {
+        //   this.done = true;
+        //   this.keep = true;
+        // }
+    }
+}
+class $Or extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    init() {
+        this._ops = this.params.map(op => createQueryOperation(op, null, this.options));
+    }
+    reset() {
+        this.done = false;
+        this.keep = false;
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = this._ops; i < length; i++) {
+            this._ops[i].reset();
+        }
+    }
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        let done = false;
+        let success = false;
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = this._ops; i < length; i++) {
+            const op = this._ops[i];
+            op.next(item, key, owner);
+            if (op.keep) {
+                done = true;
+                success = op.keep;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        this.keep = success;
+        this.done = done;
+    }
+}
+class $Nor extends $Or {
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        super.next(item, key, owner);
+        this.keep = !this.keep;
+    }
+}
+class $In extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    init() {
+        this._testers = this.params.map(value => {
+            if (containsOperation(value)) {
+                throw new Error(`cannot nest $ under ${this.constructor.name.toLowerCase()}`);
+            }
+            return createTester(value, this.options.compare);
+        });
+    }
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        let done = false;
+        let success = false;
+        for (let i = 0, { length } = this._testers; i < length; i++) {
+            const test = this._testers[i];
+            if (test(item)) {
+                done = true;
+                success = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        this.keep = success;
+        this.done = done;
+    }
+}
+class $Nin extends $In {
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        super.next(item, key, owner);
+        this.keep = !this.keep;
+    }
+}
+class $Exists extends NamedBaseOperation {
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        if (owner.hasOwnProperty(key) === this.params) {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+class $And extends NamedGroupOperation {
+    constructor(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+        super(params, owneryQuery, options, params.map(query => createQueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options)), name);
+    }
+    next(item, key, owner) {
+        this.childrenNext(item, key, owner);
+    }
+}
+const $eq = (params, owneryQuery, options) => new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+const $ne = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $Ne(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $or = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $Or(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $nor = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $Nor(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $elemMatch = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $ElemMatch(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $nin = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $Nin(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $in = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $In(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $lt = numericalOperation(params => b => b < params);
+const $lte = numericalOperation(params => b => b <= params);
+const $gt = numericalOperation(params => b => b > params);
+const $gte = numericalOperation(params => b => b >= params);
+const $mod = ([mod, equalsValue], owneryQuery, options) => new EqualsOperation(b => comparable(b) % mod === equalsValue, owneryQuery, options);
+const $exists = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $Exists(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const $regex = (pattern, owneryQuery, options) => new EqualsOperation(new RegExp(pattern, owneryQuery.$options), owneryQuery, options);
+const $not = (params, owneryQuery, options, name) => new $Not(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+const typeAliases = {
+    number: v => typeof v === "number",
+    string: v => typeof v === "string",
+    bool: v => typeof v === "boolean",
+    array: v => Array.isArray(v),
+    null: v => v === null,
+    timestamp: v => v instanceof Date
+};
+const $type = (clazz, owneryQuery, options) => new EqualsOperation(b => {
+    if (typeof clazz === "string") {
+        if (!typeAliases[clazz]) {
+            throw new Error(`Type alias does not exist`);
+        }
+        return typeAliases[clazz](b);
+    }
+    return b != null ? b instanceof clazz || b.constructor === clazz : false;
+}, owneryQuery, options);
+const $and = (params, ownerQuery, options, name) => new $And(params, ownerQuery, options, name);
+const $all = $and;
+const $size = (params, ownerQuery, options) => new $Size(params, ownerQuery, options, "$size");
+const $options = () => null;
+const $where = (params, ownerQuery, options) => {
+    let test;
+    if (isFunction(params)) {
+        test = params;
+    }
+    else if (!process.env.CSP_ENABLED) {
+        test = new Function("obj", "return " + params);
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new Error(`In CSP mode, sift does not support strings in "$where" condition`);
+    }
+    return new EqualsOperation(b => test.bind(b)(b), ownerQuery, options);
+};
+
+var defaultOperations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
+    __proto__: null,
+    $Size: $Size,
+    $eq: $eq,
+    $ne: $ne,
+    $or: $or,
+    $nor: $nor,
+    $elemMatch: $elemMatch,
+    $nin: $nin,
+    $in: $in,
+    $lt: $lt,
+    $lte: $lte,
+    $gt: $gt,
+    $gte: $gte,
+    $mod: $mod,
+    $exists: $exists,
+    $regex: $regex,
+    $not: $not,
+    $type: $type,
+    $and: $and,
+    $all: $all,
+    $size: $size,
+    $options: $options,
+    $where: $where
+});
+
+const createDefaultQueryOperation = (query, ownerQuery, { compare, operations } = {}) => {
+    return createQueryOperation(query, ownerQuery, {
+        compare: compare,
+        operations: Object.assign({}, defaultOperations, operations || {})
+    });
+};
+const createDefaultQueryTester = (query, options = {}) => {
+    const op = createDefaultQueryOperation(query, null, options);
+    return createOperationTester(op);
+};
+
+export default createDefaultQueryTester;
+export { $Size, $all, $and, $elemMatch, $eq, $exists, $gt, $gte, $in, $lt, $lte, $mod, $ne, $nin, $nor, $not, $options, $or, $regex, $size, $type, $where, EqualsOperation, createDefaultQueryOperation, createEqualsOperation, createOperationTester, createQueryOperation, createQueryTester };
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/es/index.js.map b/backend/node_modules/sift/es/index.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e4c6f506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/es/index.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/es5m/index.js b/backend/node_modules/sift/es5m/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62af37b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/es5m/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+/*! *****************************************************************************
+Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+***************************************************************************** */
+/* global Reflect, Promise */
+
+var extendStatics = function(d, b) {
+    extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
+        ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||
+        function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };
+    return extendStatics(d, b);
+};
+
+function __extends(d, b) {
+    extendStatics(d, b);
+    function __() { this.constructor = d; }
+    d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
+}
+
+var typeChecker = function (type) {
+    var typeString = "[object " + type + "]";
+    return function (value) {
+        return getClassName(value) === typeString;
+    };
+};
+var getClassName = function (value) { return Object.prototype.toString.call(value); };
+var comparable = function (value) {
+    if (value instanceof Date) {
+        return value.getTime();
+    }
+    else if (isArray(value)) {
+        return value.map(comparable);
+    }
+    else if (value && typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
+        return value.toJSON();
+    }
+    return value;
+};
+var isArray = typeChecker("Array");
+var isObject = typeChecker("Object");
+var isFunction = typeChecker("Function");
+var isVanillaObject = function (value) {
+    return (value &&
+        (value.constructor === Object ||
+            value.constructor === Array ||
+            value.constructor.toString() === "function Object() { [native code] }" ||
+            value.constructor.toString() === "function Array() { [native code] }") &&
+        !value.toJSON);
+};
+var equals = function (a, b) {
+    if (a == null && a == b) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (a === b) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (Object.prototype.toString.call(a) !== Object.prototype.toString.call(b)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (isArray(a)) {
+        if (a.length !== b.length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (var i = 0, length_1 = a.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+            if (!equals(a[i], b[i]))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (isObject(a)) {
+        if (Object.keys(a).length !== Object.keys(b).length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (var key in a) {
+            if (!equals(a[key], b[key]))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Walks through each value given the context - used for nested operations. E.g:
+ * { "person.address": { $eq: "blarg" }}
+ */
+var walkKeyPathValues = function (item, keyPath, next, depth, key, owner) {
+    var currentKey = keyPath[depth];
+    // if array, then try matching. Might fall through for cases like:
+    // { $eq: [1, 2, 3] }, [ 1, 2, 3 ].
+    if (isArray(item) && isNaN(Number(currentKey))) {
+        for (var i = 0, length_1 = item.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+            // if FALSE is returned, then terminate walker. For operations, this simply
+            // means that the search critera was met.
+            if (!walkKeyPathValues(item[i], keyPath, next, depth, i, item)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (depth === keyPath.length || item == null) {
+        return next(item, key, owner);
+    }
+    return walkKeyPathValues(item[currentKey], keyPath, next, depth + 1, currentKey, item);
+};
+var BaseOperation = /** @class */ (function () {
+    function BaseOperation(params, owneryQuery, options) {
+        this.params = params;
+        this.owneryQuery = owneryQuery;
+        this.options = options;
+        this.init();
+    }
+    BaseOperation.prototype.init = function () { };
+    BaseOperation.prototype.reset = function () {
+        this.done = false;
+        this.keep = false;
+    };
+    return BaseOperation;
+}());
+var NamedBaseOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(NamedBaseOperation, _super);
+    function NamedBaseOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+        var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options) || this;
+        _this.name = name;
+        return _this;
+    }
+    return NamedBaseOperation;
+}(BaseOperation));
+var GroupOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(GroupOperation, _super);
+    function GroupOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+        var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options) || this;
+        _this.children = children;
+        return _this;
+    }
+    /**
+     */
+    GroupOperation.prototype.reset = function () {
+        this.keep = false;
+        this.done = false;
+        for (var i = 0, length_2 = this.children.length; i < length_2; i++) {
+            this.children[i].reset();
+        }
+    };
+    /**
+     */
+    GroupOperation.prototype.childrenNext = function (item, key, owner) {
+        var done = true;
+        var keep = true;
+        for (var i = 0, length_3 = this.children.length; i < length_3; i++) {
+            var childOperation = this.children[i];
+            childOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+            if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                keep = false;
+            }
+            if (childOperation.done) {
+                if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                done = false;
+            }
+        }
+        this.done = done;
+        this.keep = keep;
+    };
+    return GroupOperation;
+}(BaseOperation));
+var NamedGroupOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(NamedGroupOperation, _super);
+    function NamedGroupOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, children, name) {
+        var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, children) || this;
+        _this.name = name;
+        return _this;
+    }
+    return NamedGroupOperation;
+}(GroupOperation));
+var QueryOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(QueryOperation, _super);
+    function QueryOperation() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    /**
+     */
+    QueryOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+        this.childrenNext(item, key, parent);
+    };
+    return QueryOperation;
+}(GroupOperation));
+var NestedOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(NestedOperation, _super);
+    function NestedOperation(keyPath, params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+        var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, children) || this;
+        _this.keyPath = keyPath;
+        /**
+         */
+        _this._nextNestedValue = function (value, key, owner) {
+            _this.childrenNext(value, key, owner);
+            return !_this.done;
+        };
+        return _this;
+    }
+    /**
+     */
+    NestedOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+        walkKeyPathValues(item, this.keyPath, this._nextNestedValue, 0, key, parent);
+    };
+    return NestedOperation;
+}(GroupOperation));
+var createTester = function (a, compare) {
+    if (a instanceof Function) {
+        return a;
+    }
+    if (a instanceof RegExp) {
+        return function (b) {
+            var result = typeof b === "string" && a.test(b);
+            a.lastIndex = 0;
+            return result;
+        };
+    }
+    var comparableA = comparable(a);
+    return function (b) { return compare(comparableA, comparable(b)); };
+};
+var EqualsOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(EqualsOperation, _super);
+    function EqualsOperation() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    EqualsOperation.prototype.init = function () {
+        this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+    };
+    EqualsOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+        if (!Array.isArray(parent) || parent.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+            if (this._test(item, key, parent)) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = true;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    return EqualsOperation;
+}(BaseOperation));
+var createEqualsOperation = function (params, owneryQuery, options) { return new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options); };
+var NopeOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends(NopeOperation, _super);
+    function NopeOperation() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    NopeOperation.prototype.next = function () {
+        this.done = true;
+        this.keep = false;
+    };
+    return NopeOperation;
+}(BaseOperation));
+var numericalOperationCreator = function (createNumericalOperation) { return function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+    if (params == null) {
+        return new NopeOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+    }
+    return createNumericalOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+}; };
+var numericalOperation = function (createTester) {
+    return numericalOperationCreator(function (params, owneryQuery, options) {
+        var typeofParams = typeof comparable(params);
+        var test = createTester(params);
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) {
+            return typeof comparable(b) === typeofParams && test(b);
+        }, owneryQuery, options);
+    });
+};
+var createNamedOperation = function (name, params, parentQuery, options) {
+    var operationCreator = options.operations[name];
+    if (!operationCreator) {
+        throw new Error("Unsupported operation: " + name);
+    }
+    return operationCreator(params, parentQuery, options, name);
+};
+var containsOperation = function (query) {
+    for (var key in query) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) === "$")
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+var createNestedOperation = function (keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options) {
+    if (containsOperation(nestedQuery)) {
+        var _a = createQueryOperations(nestedQuery, options), selfOperations = _a[0], nestedOperations = _a[1];
+        if (nestedOperations.length) {
+            throw new Error("Property queries must contain only operations, or exact objects.");
+        }
+        return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations);
+    }
+    return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, [
+        new EqualsOperation(nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options)
+    ]);
+};
+var createQueryOperation = function (query, owneryQuery, _a) {
+    if (owneryQuery === void 0) { owneryQuery = null; }
+    var _b = _a === void 0 ? {} : _a, compare = _b.compare, operations = _b.operations;
+    var options = {
+        compare: compare || equals,
+        operations: Object.assign({}, operations || {})
+    };
+    var _c = createQueryOperations(query, options), selfOperations = _c[0], nestedOperations = _c[1];
+    var ops = [];
+    if (selfOperations.length) {
+        ops.push(new NestedOperation([], query, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations));
+    }
+    ops.push.apply(ops, nestedOperations);
+    if (ops.length === 1) {
+        return ops[0];
+    }
+    return new QueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options, ops);
+};
+var createQueryOperations = function (query, options) {
+    var selfOperations = [];
+    var nestedOperations = [];
+    if (!isVanillaObject(query)) {
+        selfOperations.push(new EqualsOperation(query, query, options));
+        return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+    }
+    for (var key in query) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) === "$") {
+            var op = createNamedOperation(key, query[key], query, options);
+            // probably just a flag for another operation (like $options)
+            if (op != null) {
+                selfOperations.push(op);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            nestedOperations.push(createNestedOperation(key.split("."), query[key], query, options));
+        }
+    }
+    return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+};
+var createOperationTester = function (operation) { return function (item, key, owner) {
+    operation.reset();
+    operation.next(item, key, owner);
+    return operation.keep;
+}; };
+var createQueryTester = function (query, options) {
+    if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
+    return createOperationTester(createQueryOperation(query, null, options));
+};
+
+var $Ne = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Ne, _super);
+    function $Ne() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Ne.prototype.init = function () {
+        this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+    };
+    $Ne.prototype.reset = function () {
+        _super.prototype.reset.call(this);
+        this.keep = true;
+    };
+    $Ne.prototype.next = function (item) {
+        if (this._test(item)) {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = false;
+        }
+    };
+    return $Ne;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+// https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/elemMatch/
+var $ElemMatch = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($ElemMatch, _super);
+    function $ElemMatch() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $ElemMatch.prototype.init = function () {
+        this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+    };
+    $ElemMatch.prototype.reset = function () {
+        _super.prototype.reset.call(this);
+        this._queryOperation.reset();
+    };
+    $ElemMatch.prototype.next = function (item) {
+        if (isArray(item)) {
+            for (var i = 0, length_1 = item.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                // reset query operation since item being tested needs to pass _all_ query
+                // operations for it to be a success
+                this._queryOperation.reset();
+                // check item
+                this._queryOperation.next(item[i], i, item);
+                this.keep = this.keep || this._queryOperation.keep;
+            }
+            this.done = true;
+        }
+        else {
+            this.done = false;
+            this.keep = false;
+        }
+    };
+    return $ElemMatch;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+var $Not = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Not, _super);
+    function $Not() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Not.prototype.init = function () {
+        this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+    };
+    $Not.prototype.reset = function () {
+        this._queryOperation.reset();
+    };
+    $Not.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        this._queryOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+        this.done = this._queryOperation.done;
+        this.keep = !this._queryOperation.keep;
+    };
+    return $Not;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+var $Size = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Size, _super);
+    function $Size() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Size.prototype.init = function () { };
+    $Size.prototype.next = function (item) {
+        if (isArray(item) && item.length === this.params) {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = true;
+        }
+        // if (parent && parent.length === this.params) {
+        //   this.done = true;
+        //   this.keep = true;
+        // }
+    };
+    return $Size;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+var $Or = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Or, _super);
+    function $Or() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Or.prototype.init = function () {
+        var _this = this;
+        this._ops = this.params.map(function (op) {
+            return createQueryOperation(op, null, _this.options);
+        });
+    };
+    $Or.prototype.reset = function () {
+        this.done = false;
+        this.keep = false;
+        for (var i = 0, length_2 = this._ops.length; i < length_2; i++) {
+            this._ops[i].reset();
+        }
+    };
+    $Or.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        var done = false;
+        var success = false;
+        for (var i = 0, length_3 = this._ops.length; i < length_3; i++) {
+            var op = this._ops[i];
+            op.next(item, key, owner);
+            if (op.keep) {
+                done = true;
+                success = op.keep;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        this.keep = success;
+        this.done = done;
+    };
+    return $Or;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+var $Nor = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Nor, _super);
+    function $Nor() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Nor.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        _super.prototype.next.call(this, item, key, owner);
+        this.keep = !this.keep;
+    };
+    return $Nor;
+}($Or));
+var $In = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($In, _super);
+    function $In() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $In.prototype.init = function () {
+        var _this = this;
+        this._testers = this.params.map(function (value) {
+            if (containsOperation(value)) {
+                throw new Error("cannot nest $ under " + _this.constructor.name.toLowerCase());
+            }
+            return createTester(value, _this.options.compare);
+        });
+    };
+    $In.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        var done = false;
+        var success = false;
+        for (var i = 0, length_4 = this._testers.length; i < length_4; i++) {
+            var test = this._testers[i];
+            if (test(item)) {
+                done = true;
+                success = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        this.keep = success;
+        this.done = done;
+    };
+    return $In;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+var $Nin = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Nin, _super);
+    function $Nin() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Nin.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        _super.prototype.next.call(this, item, key, owner);
+        this.keep = !this.keep;
+    };
+    return $Nin;
+}($In));
+var $Exists = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($Exists, _super);
+    function $Exists() {
+        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+    }
+    $Exists.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        if (owner.hasOwnProperty(key) === this.params) {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = true;
+        }
+    };
+    return $Exists;
+}(NamedBaseOperation));
+var $And = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+    __extends($And, _super);
+    function $And(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+        return _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, params.map(function (query) { return createQueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options); }), name) || this;
+    }
+    $And.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+        this.childrenNext(item, key, owner);
+    };
+    return $And;
+}(NamedGroupOperation));
+var $eq = function (params, owneryQuery, options) {
+    return new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+};
+var $ne = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Ne(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $or = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Or(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $nor = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Nor(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $elemMatch = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $ElemMatch(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $nin = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Nin(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $in = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $In(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $lt = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b < params; }; });
+var $lte = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b <= params; }; });
+var $gt = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b > params; }; });
+var $gte = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b >= params; }; });
+var $mod = function (_a, owneryQuery, options) {
+    var mod = _a[0], equalsValue = _a[1];
+    return new EqualsOperation(function (b) { return comparable(b) % mod === equalsValue; }, owneryQuery, options);
+};
+var $exists = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Exists(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var $regex = function (pattern, owneryQuery, options) {
+    return new EqualsOperation(new RegExp(pattern, owneryQuery.$options), owneryQuery, options);
+};
+var $not = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Not(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+var typeAliases = {
+    number: function (v) { return typeof v === "number"; },
+    string: function (v) { return typeof v === "string"; },
+    bool: function (v) { return typeof v === "boolean"; },
+    array: function (v) { return Array.isArray(v); },
+    null: function (v) { return v === null; },
+    timestamp: function (v) { return v instanceof Date; }
+};
+var $type = function (clazz, owneryQuery, options) {
+    return new EqualsOperation(function (b) {
+        if (typeof clazz === "string") {
+            if (!typeAliases[clazz]) {
+                throw new Error("Type alias does not exist");
+            }
+            return typeAliases[clazz](b);
+        }
+        return b != null ? b instanceof clazz || b.constructor === clazz : false;
+    }, owneryQuery, options);
+};
+var $and = function (params, ownerQuery, options, name) { return new $And(params, ownerQuery, options, name); };
+var $all = $and;
+var $size = function (params, ownerQuery, options) { return new $Size(params, ownerQuery, options, "$size"); };
+var $options = function () { return null; };
+var $where = function (params, ownerQuery, options) {
+    var test;
+    if (isFunction(params)) {
+        test = params;
+    }
+    else if (!process.env.CSP_ENABLED) {
+        test = new Function("obj", "return " + params);
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new Error("In CSP mode, sift does not support strings in \"$where\" condition");
+    }
+    return new EqualsOperation(function (b) { return test.bind(b)(b); }, ownerQuery, options);
+};
+
+var defaultOperations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
+    __proto__: null,
+    $Size: $Size,
+    $eq: $eq,
+    $ne: $ne,
+    $or: $or,
+    $nor: $nor,
+    $elemMatch: $elemMatch,
+    $nin: $nin,
+    $in: $in,
+    $lt: $lt,
+    $lte: $lte,
+    $gt: $gt,
+    $gte: $gte,
+    $mod: $mod,
+    $exists: $exists,
+    $regex: $regex,
+    $not: $not,
+    $type: $type,
+    $and: $and,
+    $all: $all,
+    $size: $size,
+    $options: $options,
+    $where: $where
+});
+
+var createDefaultQueryOperation = function (query, ownerQuery, _a) {
+    var _b = _a === void 0 ? {} : _a, compare = _b.compare, operations = _b.operations;
+    return createQueryOperation(query, ownerQuery, {
+        compare: compare,
+        operations: Object.assign({}, defaultOperations, operations || {})
+    });
+};
+var createDefaultQueryTester = function (query, options) {
+    if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
+    var op = createDefaultQueryOperation(query, null, options);
+    return createOperationTester(op);
+};
+
+export default createDefaultQueryTester;
+export { $Size, $all, $and, $elemMatch, $eq, $exists, $gt, $gte, $in, $lt, $lte, $mod, $ne, $nin, $nor, $not, $options, $or, $regex, $size, $type, $where, EqualsOperation, createDefaultQueryOperation, createEqualsOperation, createOperationTester, createQueryOperation, createQueryTester };
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/es5m/index.js.map b/backend/node_modules/sift/es5m/index.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e9228d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/es5m/index.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sources":["../node_modules/tslib/tslib.es6.js","../src/utils.ts","../src/core.ts","../src/operations.ts","../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*! *****************************************************************************\r\nCopyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.\r\n\r\nPermission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any\r\npurpose with or without fee is hereby granted.\r\n\r\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH\r\nREGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\r\nAND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\r\nINDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\r\nLOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\r\nOTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\r\nPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\r\n***************************************************************************** */\r\n/* global Reflect, Promise */\r\n\r\nvar extendStatics = function(d, b) {\r\n    extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||\r\n        ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||\r\n        function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };\r\n    return extendStatics(d, b);\r\n};\r\n\r\nexport function __extends(d, b) {\r\n    extendStatics(d, b);\r\n    function __() { this.constructor = d; }\r\n    d.prototype = b === null ? 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/sift/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b8257109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import sift from "./lib";
+
+export default sift;
+export * from "./lib";
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/index.js b/backend/node_modules/sift/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..449294a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+const lib = require("./lib");
+
+module.exports = lib.default;
+Object.assign(module.exports, lib);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/core.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/core.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35f1a39e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/core.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { Key, Comparator } from "./utils";
+export interface Operation<TItem> {
+    readonly keep: boolean;
+    readonly done: boolean;
+    reset(): any;
+    next(item: TItem, key?: Key, owner?: any): any;
+}
+export declare type Tester = (item: any, key?: Key, owner?: any) => boolean;
+export interface NamedOperation {
+    name: string;
+}
+export declare type OperationCreator<TItem> = (params: any, parentQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<TItem>;
+declare type BasicValueQuery<TValue> = {
+    $eq?: TValue;
+    $ne?: TValue;
+    $lt?: TValue;
+    $gt?: TValue;
+    $lte?: TValue;
+    $gte?: TValue;
+    $in?: TValue[];
+    $nin?: TValue[];
+    $all?: TValue[];
+    $mod?: [number, number];
+    $exists?: boolean;
+    $regex?: string | RegExp;
+    $size?: number;
+    $where?: ((this: TValue) => boolean) | string;
+    $options?: "i" | "g" | "m" | "u";
+    $type?: Function;
+    $not?: NestedQuery<TValue>;
+    $or?: NestedQuery<TValue>[];
+    $nor?: NestedQuery<TValue>[];
+    $and?: NestedQuery<TValue>[];
+};
+declare type ArrayValueQuery<TValue> = {
+    $elemMatch?: Query<TValue>;
+} & BasicValueQuery<TValue>;
+declare type Unpacked<T> = T extends (infer U)[] ? U : T;
+declare type ValueQuery<TValue> = TValue extends Array<any> ? ArrayValueQuery<Unpacked<TValue>> : BasicValueQuery<TValue>;
+declare type NotObject = string | number | Date | boolean | Array<any>;
+declare type ShapeQuery<TItemSchema> = TItemSchema extends NotObject ? {} : {
+    [k in keyof TItemSchema]?: TItemSchema[k] | ValueQuery<TItemSchema[k]>;
+};
+declare type NestedQuery<TItemSchema> = ValueQuery<TItemSchema> & ShapeQuery<TItemSchema>;
+export declare type Query<TItemSchema> = TItemSchema | RegExp | NestedQuery<TItemSchema>;
+declare abstract class BaseOperation<TParams, TItem = any> implements Operation<TItem> {
+    readonly params: TParams;
+    readonly owneryQuery: any;
+    readonly options: Options;
+    keep: boolean;
+    done: boolean;
+    constructor(params: TParams, owneryQuery: any, options: Options);
+    protected init(): void;
+    reset(): void;
+    abstract next(item: any, key: Key, parent: any): any;
+}
+export declare abstract class NamedBaseOperation<TParams, TItem = any> extends BaseOperation<TParams, TItem> implements NamedOperation {
+    readonly name: string;
+    constructor(params: TParams, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string);
+}
+declare abstract class GroupOperation extends BaseOperation<any> {
+    readonly children: Operation<any>[];
+    keep: boolean;
+    done: boolean;
+    constructor(params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, children: Operation<any>[]);
+    /**
+     */
+    reset(): void;
+    abstract next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): any;
+    /**
+     */
+    protected childrenNext(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+export declare abstract class NamedGroupOperation extends GroupOperation implements NamedOperation {
+    readonly name: string;
+    constructor(params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, children: Operation<any>[], name: string);
+}
+export declare class QueryOperation<TItem> extends GroupOperation {
+    /**
+     */
+    next(item: TItem, key: Key, parent: any): void;
+}
+export declare class NestedOperation extends GroupOperation {
+    readonly keyPath: Key[];
+    constructor(keyPath: Key[], params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, children: Operation<any>[]);
+    /**
+     */
+    next(item: any, key: Key, parent: any): void;
+    /**
+     */
+    private _nextNestedValue;
+}
+export declare const createTester: (a: any, compare: Comparator) => any;
+export declare class EqualsOperation<TParam> extends BaseOperation<TParam> {
+    private _test;
+    init(): void;
+    next(item: any, key: Key, parent: any): void;
+}
+export declare const createEqualsOperation: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options) => EqualsOperation<any>;
+export declare class NopeOperation<TParam> extends BaseOperation<TParam> {
+    next(): void;
+}
+export declare const numericalOperationCreator: (createNumericalOperation: OperationCreator<any>) => (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<any> | NopeOperation<any>;
+export declare const numericalOperation: (createTester: (any: any) => Tester) => (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<any> | NopeOperation<any>;
+export declare type Options = {
+    operations: {
+        [identifier: string]: OperationCreator<any>;
+    };
+    compare: (a: any, b: any) => boolean;
+};
+export declare const containsOperation: (query: any) => boolean;
+export declare const createQueryOperation: <TItem, TSchema = TItem>(query: Query<TSchema>, owneryQuery?: any, { compare, operations }?: Partial<Options>) => QueryOperation<TItem>;
+export declare const createOperationTester: <TItem>(operation: Operation<TItem>) => (item: TItem, key?: string | number, owner?: any) => boolean;
+export declare const createQueryTester: <TItem, TSchema = TItem>(query: Query<TSchema>, options?: Partial<Options>) => (item: TItem, key?: string | number, owner?: any) => boolean;
+export {};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..632fa0aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { Query, Options, createQueryTester, EqualsOperation, createQueryOperation, createEqualsOperation, createOperationTester } from "./core";
+declare const createDefaultQueryOperation: <TItem, TSchema extends TItem = TItem>(query: Query<TSchema>, ownerQuery: any, { compare, operations }?: Partial<Options>) => import("./core").QueryOperation<unknown>;
+declare const createDefaultQueryTester: <TItem, TSchema extends TItem = TItem>(query: Query<TSchema>, options?: Partial<Options>) => (item: unknown, key?: string | number, owner?: any) => boolean;
+export { Query, EqualsOperation, createQueryTester, createOperationTester, createDefaultQueryOperation, createEqualsOperation, createQueryOperation };
+export * from "./operations";
+export default createDefaultQueryTester;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.js b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f8a650e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,689 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+    typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
+    typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
+    (global = global || self, factory(global.sift = {}));
+}(this, (function (exports) { 'use strict';
+
+    /*! *****************************************************************************
+    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+    REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+    AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+    INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+    LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+    OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+    PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+    ***************************************************************************** */
+    /* global Reflect, Promise */
+
+    var extendStatics = function(d, b) {
+        extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
+            ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||
+            function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };
+        return extendStatics(d, b);
+    };
+
+    function __extends(d, b) {
+        extendStatics(d, b);
+        function __() { this.constructor = d; }
+        d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
+    }
+
+    var typeChecker = function (type) {
+        var typeString = "[object " + type + "]";
+        return function (value) {
+            return getClassName(value) === typeString;
+        };
+    };
+    var getClassName = function (value) { return Object.prototype.toString.call(value); };
+    var comparable = function (value) {
+        if (value instanceof Date) {
+            return value.getTime();
+        }
+        else if (isArray(value)) {
+            return value.map(comparable);
+        }
+        else if (value && typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
+            return value.toJSON();
+        }
+        return value;
+    };
+    var isArray = typeChecker("Array");
+    var isObject = typeChecker("Object");
+    var isFunction = typeChecker("Function");
+    var isVanillaObject = function (value) {
+        return (value &&
+            (value.constructor === Object ||
+                value.constructor === Array ||
+                value.constructor.toString() === "function Object() { [native code] }" ||
+                value.constructor.toString() === "function Array() { [native code] }") &&
+            !value.toJSON);
+    };
+    var equals = function (a, b) {
+        if (a == null && a == b) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (a === b) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (Object.prototype.toString.call(a) !== Object.prototype.toString.call(b)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isArray(a)) {
+            if (a.length !== b.length) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (var i = 0, length_1 = a.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                if (!equals(a[i], b[i]))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (isObject(a)) {
+            if (Object.keys(a).length !== Object.keys(b).length) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (var key in a) {
+                if (!equals(a[key], b[key]))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Walks through each value given the context - used for nested operations. E.g:
+     * { "person.address": { $eq: "blarg" }}
+     */
+    var walkKeyPathValues = function (item, keyPath, next, depth, key, owner) {
+        var currentKey = keyPath[depth];
+        // if array, then try matching. Might fall through for cases like:
+        // { $eq: [1, 2, 3] }, [ 1, 2, 3 ].
+        if (isArray(item) && isNaN(Number(currentKey))) {
+            for (var i = 0, length_1 = item.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                // if FALSE is returned, then terminate walker. For operations, this simply
+                // means that the search critera was met.
+                if (!walkKeyPathValues(item[i], keyPath, next, depth, i, item)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (depth === keyPath.length || item == null) {
+            return next(item, key, owner);
+        }
+        return walkKeyPathValues(item[currentKey], keyPath, next, depth + 1, currentKey, item);
+    };
+    var BaseOperation = /** @class */ (function () {
+        function BaseOperation(params, owneryQuery, options) {
+            this.params = params;
+            this.owneryQuery = owneryQuery;
+            this.options = options;
+            this.init();
+        }
+        BaseOperation.prototype.init = function () { };
+        BaseOperation.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this.done = false;
+            this.keep = false;
+        };
+        return BaseOperation;
+    }());
+    var NamedBaseOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NamedBaseOperation, _super);
+        function NamedBaseOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options) || this;
+            _this.name = name;
+            return _this;
+        }
+        return NamedBaseOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var GroupOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(GroupOperation, _super);
+        function GroupOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options) || this;
+            _this.children = children;
+            return _this;
+        }
+        /**
+         */
+        GroupOperation.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this.keep = false;
+            this.done = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_2 = this.children.length; i < length_2; i++) {
+                this.children[i].reset();
+            }
+        };
+        /**
+         */
+        GroupOperation.prototype.childrenNext = function (item, key, owner) {
+            var done = true;
+            var keep = true;
+            for (var i = 0, length_3 = this.children.length; i < length_3; i++) {
+                var childOperation = this.children[i];
+                childOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+                if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                    keep = false;
+                }
+                if (childOperation.done) {
+                    if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    done = false;
+                }
+            }
+            this.done = done;
+            this.keep = keep;
+        };
+        return GroupOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var NamedGroupOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NamedGroupOperation, _super);
+        function NamedGroupOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, children, name) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, children) || this;
+            _this.name = name;
+            return _this;
+        }
+        return NamedGroupOperation;
+    }(GroupOperation));
+    var QueryOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(QueryOperation, _super);
+        function QueryOperation() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        /**
+         */
+        QueryOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+            this.childrenNext(item, key, parent);
+        };
+        return QueryOperation;
+    }(GroupOperation));
+    var NestedOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NestedOperation, _super);
+        function NestedOperation(keyPath, params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, children) || this;
+            _this.keyPath = keyPath;
+            /**
+             */
+            _this._nextNestedValue = function (value, key, owner) {
+                _this.childrenNext(value, key, owner);
+                return !_this.done;
+            };
+            return _this;
+        }
+        /**
+         */
+        NestedOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+            walkKeyPathValues(item, this.keyPath, this._nextNestedValue, 0, key, parent);
+        };
+        return NestedOperation;
+    }(GroupOperation));
+    var createTester = function (a, compare) {
+        if (a instanceof Function) {
+            return a;
+        }
+        if (a instanceof RegExp) {
+            return function (b) {
+                var result = typeof b === "string" && a.test(b);
+                a.lastIndex = 0;
+                return result;
+            };
+        }
+        var comparableA = comparable(a);
+        return function (b) { return compare(comparableA, comparable(b)); };
+    };
+    var EqualsOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(EqualsOperation, _super);
+        function EqualsOperation() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        EqualsOperation.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+        };
+        EqualsOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+            if (!Array.isArray(parent) || parent.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                if (this._test(item, key, parent)) {
+                    this.done = true;
+                    this.keep = true;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        return EqualsOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var createEqualsOperation = function (params, owneryQuery, options) { return new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options); };
+    var NopeOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NopeOperation, _super);
+        function NopeOperation() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        NopeOperation.prototype.next = function () {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = false;
+        };
+        return NopeOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var numericalOperationCreator = function (createNumericalOperation) { return function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+        if (params == null) {
+            return new NopeOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+        }
+        return createNumericalOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+    }; };
+    var numericalOperation = function (createTester) {
+        return numericalOperationCreator(function (params, owneryQuery, options) {
+            var typeofParams = typeof comparable(params);
+            var test = createTester(params);
+            return new EqualsOperation(function (b) {
+                return typeof comparable(b) === typeofParams && test(b);
+            }, owneryQuery, options);
+        });
+    };
+    var createNamedOperation = function (name, params, parentQuery, options) {
+        var operationCreator = options.operations[name];
+        if (!operationCreator) {
+            throw new Error("Unsupported operation: " + name);
+        }
+        return operationCreator(params, parentQuery, options, name);
+    };
+    var containsOperation = function (query) {
+        for (var key in query) {
+            if (key.charAt(0) === "$")
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+    var createNestedOperation = function (keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options) {
+        if (containsOperation(nestedQuery)) {
+            var _a = createQueryOperations(nestedQuery, options), selfOperations = _a[0], nestedOperations = _a[1];
+            if (nestedOperations.length) {
+                throw new Error("Property queries must contain only operations, or exact objects.");
+            }
+            return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations);
+        }
+        return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, [
+            new EqualsOperation(nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options)
+        ]);
+    };
+    var createQueryOperation = function (query, owneryQuery, _a) {
+        if (owneryQuery === void 0) { owneryQuery = null; }
+        var _b = _a === void 0 ? {} : _a, compare = _b.compare, operations = _b.operations;
+        var options = {
+            compare: compare || equals,
+            operations: Object.assign({}, operations || {})
+        };
+        var _c = createQueryOperations(query, options), selfOperations = _c[0], nestedOperations = _c[1];
+        var ops = [];
+        if (selfOperations.length) {
+            ops.push(new NestedOperation([], query, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations));
+        }
+        ops.push.apply(ops, nestedOperations);
+        if (ops.length === 1) {
+            return ops[0];
+        }
+        return new QueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options, ops);
+    };
+    var createQueryOperations = function (query, options) {
+        var selfOperations = [];
+        var nestedOperations = [];
+        if (!isVanillaObject(query)) {
+            selfOperations.push(new EqualsOperation(query, query, options));
+            return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+        }
+        for (var key in query) {
+            if (key.charAt(0) === "$") {
+                var op = createNamedOperation(key, query[key], query, options);
+                // probably just a flag for another operation (like $options)
+                if (op != null) {
+                    selfOperations.push(op);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                nestedOperations.push(createNestedOperation(key.split("."), query[key], query, options));
+            }
+        }
+        return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+    };
+    var createOperationTester = function (operation) { return function (item, key, owner) {
+        operation.reset();
+        operation.next(item, key, owner);
+        return operation.keep;
+    }; };
+    var createQueryTester = function (query, options) {
+        if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
+        return createOperationTester(createQueryOperation(query, null, options));
+    };
+
+    var $Ne = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Ne, _super);
+        function $Ne() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Ne.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+        };
+        $Ne.prototype.reset = function () {
+            _super.prototype.reset.call(this);
+            this.keep = true;
+        };
+        $Ne.prototype.next = function (item) {
+            if (this._test(item)) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = false;
+            }
+        };
+        return $Ne;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    // https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/elemMatch/
+    var $ElemMatch = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($ElemMatch, _super);
+        function $ElemMatch() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $ElemMatch.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+        };
+        $ElemMatch.prototype.reset = function () {
+            _super.prototype.reset.call(this);
+            this._queryOperation.reset();
+        };
+        $ElemMatch.prototype.next = function (item) {
+            if (isArray(item)) {
+                for (var i = 0, length_1 = item.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                    // reset query operation since item being tested needs to pass _all_ query
+                    // operations for it to be a success
+                    this._queryOperation.reset();
+                    // check item
+                    this._queryOperation.next(item[i], i, item);
+                    this.keep = this.keep || this._queryOperation.keep;
+                }
+                this.done = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                this.done = false;
+                this.keep = false;
+            }
+        };
+        return $ElemMatch;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Not = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Not, _super);
+        function $Not() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Not.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+        };
+        $Not.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this._queryOperation.reset();
+        };
+        $Not.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            this._queryOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+            this.done = this._queryOperation.done;
+            this.keep = !this._queryOperation.keep;
+        };
+        return $Not;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Size = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Size, _super);
+        function $Size() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Size.prototype.init = function () { };
+        $Size.prototype.next = function (item) {
+            if (isArray(item) && item.length === this.params) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = true;
+            }
+            // if (parent && parent.length === this.params) {
+            //   this.done = true;
+            //   this.keep = true;
+            // }
+        };
+        return $Size;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Or = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Or, _super);
+        function $Or() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Or.prototype.init = function () {
+            var _this = this;
+            this._ops = this.params.map(function (op) {
+                return createQueryOperation(op, null, _this.options);
+            });
+        };
+        $Or.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this.done = false;
+            this.keep = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_2 = this._ops.length; i < length_2; i++) {
+                this._ops[i].reset();
+            }
+        };
+        $Or.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            var done = false;
+            var success = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_3 = this._ops.length; i < length_3; i++) {
+                var op = this._ops[i];
+                op.next(item, key, owner);
+                if (op.keep) {
+                    done = true;
+                    success = op.keep;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            this.keep = success;
+            this.done = done;
+        };
+        return $Or;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Nor = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Nor, _super);
+        function $Nor() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Nor.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            _super.prototype.next.call(this, item, key, owner);
+            this.keep = !this.keep;
+        };
+        return $Nor;
+    }($Or));
+    var $In = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($In, _super);
+        function $In() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $In.prototype.init = function () {
+            var _this = this;
+            this._testers = this.params.map(function (value) {
+                if (containsOperation(value)) {
+                    throw new Error("cannot nest $ under " + _this.constructor.name.toLowerCase());
+                }
+                return createTester(value, _this.options.compare);
+            });
+        };
+        $In.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            var done = false;
+            var success = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_4 = this._testers.length; i < length_4; i++) {
+                var test = this._testers[i];
+                if (test(item)) {
+                    done = true;
+                    success = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            this.keep = success;
+            this.done = done;
+        };
+        return $In;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Nin = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Nin, _super);
+        function $Nin() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Nin.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            _super.prototype.next.call(this, item, key, owner);
+            this.keep = !this.keep;
+        };
+        return $Nin;
+    }($In));
+    var $Exists = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Exists, _super);
+        function $Exists() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Exists.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            if (owner.hasOwnProperty(key) === this.params) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = true;
+            }
+        };
+        return $Exists;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $And = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($And, _super);
+        function $And(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+            return _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, params.map(function (query) { return createQueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options); }), name) || this;
+        }
+        $And.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            this.childrenNext(item, key, owner);
+        };
+        return $And;
+    }(NamedGroupOperation));
+    var $eq = function (params, owneryQuery, options) {
+        return new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $ne = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Ne(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $or = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Or(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $nor = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Nor(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $elemMatch = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $ElemMatch(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $nin = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Nin(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $in = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $In(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $lt = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b < params; }; });
+    var $lte = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b <= params; }; });
+    var $gt = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b > params; }; });
+    var $gte = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b >= params; }; });
+    var $mod = function (_a, owneryQuery, options) {
+        var mod = _a[0], equalsValue = _a[1];
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) { return comparable(b) % mod === equalsValue; }, owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $exists = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Exists(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $regex = function (pattern, owneryQuery, options) {
+        return new EqualsOperation(new RegExp(pattern, owneryQuery.$options), owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $not = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Not(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var typeAliases = {
+        number: function (v) { return typeof v === "number"; },
+        string: function (v) { return typeof v === "string"; },
+        bool: function (v) { return typeof v === "boolean"; },
+        array: function (v) { return Array.isArray(v); },
+        null: function (v) { return v === null; },
+        timestamp: function (v) { return v instanceof Date; }
+    };
+    var $type = function (clazz, owneryQuery, options) {
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) {
+            if (typeof clazz === "string") {
+                if (!typeAliases[clazz]) {
+                    throw new Error("Type alias does not exist");
+                }
+                return typeAliases[clazz](b);
+            }
+            return b != null ? b instanceof clazz || b.constructor === clazz : false;
+        }, owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $and = function (params, ownerQuery, options, name) { return new $And(params, ownerQuery, options, name); };
+    var $all = $and;
+    var $size = function (params, ownerQuery, options) { return new $Size(params, ownerQuery, options, "$size"); };
+    var $options = function () { return null; };
+    var $where = function (params, ownerQuery, options) {
+        var test;
+        if (isFunction(params)) {
+            test = params;
+        }
+        else if (!process.env.CSP_ENABLED) {
+            test = new Function("obj", "return " + params);
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new Error("In CSP mode, sift does not support strings in \"$where\" condition");
+        }
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) { return test.bind(b)(b); }, ownerQuery, options);
+    };
+
+    var defaultOperations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
+        __proto__: null,
+        $Size: $Size,
+        $eq: $eq,
+        $ne: $ne,
+        $or: $or,
+        $nor: $nor,
+        $elemMatch: $elemMatch,
+        $nin: $nin,
+        $in: $in,
+        $lt: $lt,
+        $lte: $lte,
+        $gt: $gt,
+        $gte: $gte,
+        $mod: $mod,
+        $exists: $exists,
+        $regex: $regex,
+        $not: $not,
+        $type: $type,
+        $and: $and,
+        $all: $all,
+        $size: $size,
+        $options: $options,
+        $where: $where
+    });
+
+    var createDefaultQueryOperation = function (query, ownerQuery, _a) {
+        var _b = _a === void 0 ? {} : _a, compare = _b.compare, operations = _b.operations;
+        return createQueryOperation(query, ownerQuery, {
+            compare: compare,
+            operations: Object.assign({}, defaultOperations, operations || {})
+        });
+    };
+    var createDefaultQueryTester = function (query, options) {
+        if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
+        var op = createDefaultQueryOperation(query, null, options);
+        return createOperationTester(op);
+    };
+
+    exports.$Size = $Size;
+    exports.$all = $all;
+    exports.$and = $and;
+    exports.$elemMatch = $elemMatch;
+    exports.$eq = $eq;
+    exports.$exists = $exists;
+    exports.$gt = $gt;
+    exports.$gte = $gte;
+    exports.$in = $in;
+    exports.$lt = $lt;
+    exports.$lte = $lte;
+    exports.$mod = $mod;
+    exports.$ne = $ne;
+    exports.$nin = $nin;
+    exports.$nor = $nor;
+    exports.$not = $not;
+    exports.$options = $options;
+    exports.$or = $or;
+    exports.$regex = $regex;
+    exports.$size = $size;
+    exports.$type = $type;
+    exports.$where = $where;
+    exports.EqualsOperation = EqualsOperation;
+    exports.createDefaultQueryOperation = createDefaultQueryOperation;
+    exports.createEqualsOperation = createEqualsOperation;
+    exports.createOperationTester = createOperationTester;
+    exports.createQueryOperation = createQueryOperation;
+    exports.createQueryTester = createQueryTester;
+    exports.default = createDefaultQueryTester;
+
+    Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
+
+})));
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.js.map b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9afdbbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/index.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sources":["../node_modules/tslib/tslib.es6.js","../src/utils.ts","../src/core.ts","../src/operations.ts","../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*! *****************************************************************************\r\nCopyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.\r\n\r\nPermission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any\r\npurpose with or without fee is hereby granted.\r\n\r\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH\r\nREGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\r\nAND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\r\nINDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\r\nLOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\r\nOTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\r\nPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\r\n***************************************************************************** */\r\n/* global Reflect, Promise */\r\n\r\nvar extendStatics = function(d, b) {\r\n    extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||\r\n        ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||\r\n        function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };\r\n    return extendStatics(d, b);\r\n};\r\n\r\nexport function __extends(d, b) {\r\n    extendStatics(d, b);\r\n    function __() { this.constructor = d; }\r\n    d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport var __assign = function() {\r\n    __assign = Object.assign || function __assign(t) {\r\n        for (var s, i = 1, n = arguments.length; i < n; i++) {\r\n            s = arguments[i];\r\n            for (var p in s) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s, p)) t[p] = s[p];\r\n        }\r\n        return t;\r\n    }\r\n    return __assign.apply(this, arguments);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __rest(s, e) {\r\n    var t = {};\r\n    for (var p in s) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s, p) && e.indexOf(p) < 0)\r\n        t[p] = s[p];\r\n    if (s != null && typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols === \"function\")\r\n        for (var i = 0, p = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(s); i < p.length; i++) {\r\n            if (e.indexOf(p[i]) < 0 && Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(s, p[i]))\r\n                t[p[i]] = s[p[i]];\r\n        }\r\n    return t;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __decorate(decorators, target, key, desc) {\r\n    var c = arguments.length, r = c < 3 ? target : desc === null ? desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) : desc, d;\r\n    if (typeof Reflect === \"object\" && typeof Reflect.decorate === \"function\") r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);\r\n    else for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d = decorators[i]) r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;\r\n    return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __param(paramIndex, decorator) {\r\n    return function (target, key) { decorator(target, key, paramIndex); }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue) {\r\n    if (typeof Reflect === \"object\" && typeof Reflect.metadata === \"function\") return Reflect.metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __awaiter(thisArg, _arguments, P, generator) {\r\n    function adopt(value) { return value instanceof P ? value : new P(function (resolve) { resolve(value); }); }\r\n    return new (P || (P = Promise))(function (resolve, reject) {\r\n        function fulfilled(value) { try { step(generator.next(value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }\r\n        function rejected(value) { try { step(generator[\"throw\"](value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }\r\n        function step(result) { result.done ? resolve(result.value) : adopt(result.value).then(fulfilled, rejected); }\r\n        step((generator = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || [])).next());\r\n    });\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __generator(thisArg, body) {\r\n    var _ = { label: 0, sent: function() { if (t[0] & 1) throw t[1]; return t[1]; }, trys: [], ops: [] }, f, y, t, g;\r\n    return g = { next: verb(0), \"throw\": verb(1), \"return\": verb(2) }, typeof Symbol === \"function\" && (g[Symbol.iterator] = function() { return this; }), g;\r\n    function verb(n) { return function (v) { return step([n, v]); }; }\r\n    function step(op) {\r\n        if (f) throw new TypeError(\"Generator is already executing.\");\r\n        while (_) try {\r\n            if (f = 1, y && (t = op[0] & 2 ? y[\"return\"] : op[0] ? y[\"throw\"] || ((t = y[\"return\"]) && t.call(y), 0) : y.next) && !(t = t.call(y, op[1])).done) return t;\r\n            if (y = 0, t) op = [op[0] & 2, t.value];\r\n            switch (op[0]) {\r\n                case 0: case 1: t = op; break;\r\n                case 4: _.label++; return { value: op[1], done: false };\r\n                case 5: _.label++; y = op[1]; op = [0]; continue;\r\n                case 7: op = _.ops.pop(); _.trys.pop(); continue;\r\n                default:\r\n                    if (!(t = _.trys, t = t.length > 0 && t[t.length - 1]) && (op[0] === 6 || op[0] === 2)) { _ = 0; continue; }\r\n                    if (op[0] === 3 && (!t || (op[1] > t[0] && op[1] < t[3]))) { _.label = op[1]; break; }\r\n                    if (op[0] === 6 && _.label < t[1]) { _.label = t[1]; t = op; break; }\r\n                    if (t && _.label < t[2]) { _.label = t[2]; _.ops.push(op); break; }\r\n                    if (t[2]) _.ops.pop();\r\n                    _.trys.pop(); continue;\r\n            }\r\n            op = body.call(thisArg, _);\r\n        } catch (e) { op = [6, e]; y = 0; } finally { f = t = 0; }\r\n        if (op[0] & 5) throw op[1]; return { value: op[0] ? op[1] : void 0, done: true };\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport var __createBinding = Object.create ? 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/operations.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/operations.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..296a96f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/operations.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { NamedBaseOperation, EqualsOperation, Options, Operation, Query, NamedGroupOperation } from "./core";
+import { Key } from "./utils";
+declare class $Ne extends NamedBaseOperation<any> {
+    private _test;
+    init(): void;
+    reset(): void;
+    next(item: any): void;
+}
+declare class $ElemMatch extends NamedBaseOperation<Query<any>> {
+    private _queryOperation;
+    init(): void;
+    reset(): void;
+    next(item: any): void;
+}
+declare class $Not extends NamedBaseOperation<Query<any>> {
+    private _queryOperation;
+    init(): void;
+    reset(): void;
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+export declare class $Size extends NamedBaseOperation<any> {
+    init(): void;
+    next(item: any): void;
+}
+declare class $Or extends NamedBaseOperation<any> {
+    private _ops;
+    init(): void;
+    reset(): void;
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+declare class $Nor extends $Or {
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+declare class $In extends NamedBaseOperation<any> {
+    private _testers;
+    init(): void;
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+declare class $Nin extends $In {
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+declare class $Exists extends NamedBaseOperation<boolean> {
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+declare class $And extends NamedGroupOperation {
+    constructor(params: Query<any>[], owneryQuery: Query<any>, options: Options, name: string);
+    next(item: any, key: Key, owner: any): void;
+}
+export declare const $eq: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options) => EqualsOperation<any>;
+export declare const $ne: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $Ne;
+export declare const $or: (params: any[], owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $Or;
+export declare const $nor: (params: any[], owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $Nor;
+export declare const $elemMatch: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $ElemMatch;
+export declare const $nin: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $Nin;
+export declare const $in: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $In;
+export declare const $lt: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<any> | import("./core").NopeOperation<any>;
+export declare const $lte: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<any> | import("./core").NopeOperation<any>;
+export declare const $gt: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<any> | import("./core").NopeOperation<any>;
+export declare const $gte: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => Operation<any> | import("./core").NopeOperation<any>;
+export declare const $mod: ([mod, equalsValue]: number[], owneryQuery: any, options: Options) => EqualsOperation<(b: any) => boolean>;
+export declare const $exists: (params: boolean, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $Exists;
+export declare const $regex: (pattern: string, owneryQuery: any, options: Options) => EqualsOperation<RegExp>;
+export declare const $not: (params: any, owneryQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $Not;
+export declare const $type: (clazz: TimerHandler, owneryQuery: any, options: Options) => EqualsOperation<(b: any) => any>;
+export declare const $and: (params: any[], ownerQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $And;
+export declare const $all: (params: any[], ownerQuery: any, options: Options, name: string) => $And;
+export declare const $size: (params: number, ownerQuery: any, options: Options) => $Size;
+export declare const $options: () => any;
+export declare const $where: (params: TimerHandler, ownerQuery: any, options: Options) => EqualsOperation<(b: any) => any>;
+export {};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/utils.d.ts b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/utils.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..422a2924a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/lib/utils.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export declare type Key = string | number;
+export declare type Comparator = (a: any, b: any) => boolean;
+export declare const typeChecker: <TType>(type: any) => (value: any) => value is TType;
+export declare const comparable: (value: any) => any;
+export declare const isArray: (value: any) => value is any[];
+export declare const isObject: (value: any) => value is Object;
+export declare const isFunction: (value: any) => value is Function;
+export declare const isVanillaObject: (value: any) => boolean;
+export declare const equals: (a: any, b: any) => boolean;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/package.json b/backend/node_modules/sift/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c47b07ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "_from": "sift@13.5.2",
+  "_id": "sift@13.5.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-+gxdEOMA2J+AI+fVsCqeNn7Tgx3M9ZN9jdi95939l1IJ8cZsqS8sqpJyOkic2SJk+1+98Uwryt/gL6XDaV+UZA==",
+  "_location": "/sift",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "sift@13.5.2",
+    "name": "sift",
+    "escapedName": "sift",
+    "rawSpec": "13.5.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "13.5.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sift/-/sift-13.5.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "24a715e13c617b086166cd04917d204a591c9da6",
+  "_spec": "sift@13.5.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Craig Condon",
+    "email": "craig.j.condon@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/crcn/sift.js/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "MongoDB query filtering in JavaScript",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@rollup/plugin-replace": "^2.3.2",
+    "@rollup/plugin-typescript": "^4.1.1",
+    "@types/node": "^13.7.0",
+    "bson": "^4.0.3",
+    "eval": "^0.1.4",
+    "husky": "^1.2.1",
+    "immutable": "^3.7.6",
+    "mocha": "8.3.2",
+    "mongodb": "^3.6.6",
+    "prettier": "1.15.3",
+    "pretty-quick": "^1.11.1",
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
+    "rollup": "^2.7.2",
+    "rollup-plugin-terser": "^7.0.2",
+    "tslib": "^2.0.0",
+    "typescript": "^3.8.3"
+  },
+  "engines": {},
+  "es2015": "./es/index.js",
+  "files": [
+    "es",
+    "es5m",
+    "lib",
+    "*.d.ts",
+    "*.js.map",
+    "index.js",
+    "sift.csp.min.js",
+    "sift.min.js",
+    "MIT-LICENSE.txt"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/crcn/sift.js#readme",
+  "husky": {
+    "hooks": {
+      "pre-commit": "pretty-quick --staged"
+    }
+  },
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "./index.js",
+  "module": "./es5m/index.js",
+  "name": "sift",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/crcn/sift.js.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "rollup -c",
+    "build:types": "tsc -p tsconfig.json --emitDeclarationOnly --outDir lib",
+    "clean": "rimraf lib es5m es",
+    "prebuild": "npm run clean && npm run build:types",
+    "prepublishOnly": "npm run build && npm run test",
+    "test": "npm run test:spec && npm run test:types",
+    "test:spec": "mocha ./test -R spec",
+    "test:types": "cd test && tsc types.ts --noEmit"
+  },
+  "sideEffects": false,
+  "typings": "./index.d.ts",
+  "version": "13.5.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.csp.min.js b/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.csp.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b89893e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.csp.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+    typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
+    typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
+    (global = global || self, factory(global.sift = {}));
+}(this, (function (exports) { 'use strict';
+
+    /*! *****************************************************************************
+    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+    REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+    AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+    INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+    LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+    OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+    PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+    ***************************************************************************** */
+    /* global Reflect, Promise */
+
+    var extendStatics = function(d, b) {
+        extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
+            ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||
+            function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };
+        return extendStatics(d, b);
+    };
+
+    function __extends(d, b) {
+        extendStatics(d, b);
+        function __() { this.constructor = d; }
+        d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
+    }
+
+    var typeChecker = function (type) {
+        var typeString = "[object " + type + "]";
+        return function (value) {
+            return getClassName(value) === typeString;
+        };
+    };
+    var getClassName = function (value) { return Object.prototype.toString.call(value); };
+    var comparable = function (value) {
+        if (value instanceof Date) {
+            return value.getTime();
+        }
+        else if (isArray(value)) {
+            return value.map(comparable);
+        }
+        else if (value && typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
+            return value.toJSON();
+        }
+        return value;
+    };
+    var isArray = typeChecker("Array");
+    var isObject = typeChecker("Object");
+    var isFunction = typeChecker("Function");
+    var isVanillaObject = function (value) {
+        return (value &&
+            (value.constructor === Object ||
+                value.constructor === Array ||
+                value.constructor.toString() === "function Object() { [native code] }" ||
+                value.constructor.toString() === "function Array() { [native code] }") &&
+            !value.toJSON);
+    };
+    var equals = function (a, b) {
+        if (a == null && a == b) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (a === b) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (Object.prototype.toString.call(a) !== Object.prototype.toString.call(b)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isArray(a)) {
+            if (a.length !== b.length) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (var i = 0, length_1 = a.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                if (!equals(a[i], b[i]))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (isObject(a)) {
+            if (Object.keys(a).length !== Object.keys(b).length) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (var key in a) {
+                if (!equals(a[key], b[key]))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Walks through each value given the context - used for nested operations. E.g:
+     * { "person.address": { $eq: "blarg" }}
+     */
+    var walkKeyPathValues = function (item, keyPath, next, depth, key, owner) {
+        var currentKey = keyPath[depth];
+        // if array, then try matching. Might fall through for cases like:
+        // { $eq: [1, 2, 3] }, [ 1, 2, 3 ].
+        if (isArray(item) && isNaN(Number(currentKey))) {
+            for (var i = 0, length_1 = item.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                // if FALSE is returned, then terminate walker. For operations, this simply
+                // means that the search critera was met.
+                if (!walkKeyPathValues(item[i], keyPath, next, depth, i, item)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (depth === keyPath.length || item == null) {
+            return next(item, key, owner);
+        }
+        return walkKeyPathValues(item[currentKey], keyPath, next, depth + 1, currentKey, item);
+    };
+    var BaseOperation = /** @class */ (function () {
+        function BaseOperation(params, owneryQuery, options) {
+            this.params = params;
+            this.owneryQuery = owneryQuery;
+            this.options = options;
+            this.init();
+        }
+        BaseOperation.prototype.init = function () { };
+        BaseOperation.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this.done = false;
+            this.keep = false;
+        };
+        return BaseOperation;
+    }());
+    var NamedBaseOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NamedBaseOperation, _super);
+        function NamedBaseOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options) || this;
+            _this.name = name;
+            return _this;
+        }
+        return NamedBaseOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var GroupOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(GroupOperation, _super);
+        function GroupOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options) || this;
+            _this.children = children;
+            return _this;
+        }
+        /**
+         */
+        GroupOperation.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this.keep = false;
+            this.done = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_2 = this.children.length; i < length_2; i++) {
+                this.children[i].reset();
+            }
+        };
+        /**
+         */
+        GroupOperation.prototype.childrenNext = function (item, key, owner) {
+            var done = true;
+            var keep = true;
+            for (var i = 0, length_3 = this.children.length; i < length_3; i++) {
+                var childOperation = this.children[i];
+                childOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+                if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                    keep = false;
+                }
+                if (childOperation.done) {
+                    if (!childOperation.keep) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    done = false;
+                }
+            }
+            this.done = done;
+            this.keep = keep;
+        };
+        return GroupOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var NamedGroupOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NamedGroupOperation, _super);
+        function NamedGroupOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, children, name) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, children) || this;
+            _this.name = name;
+            return _this;
+        }
+        return NamedGroupOperation;
+    }(GroupOperation));
+    var QueryOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(QueryOperation, _super);
+        function QueryOperation() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        /**
+         */
+        QueryOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+            this.childrenNext(item, key, parent);
+        };
+        return QueryOperation;
+    }(GroupOperation));
+    var NestedOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NestedOperation, _super);
+        function NestedOperation(keyPath, params, owneryQuery, options, children) {
+            var _this = _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, children) || this;
+            _this.keyPath = keyPath;
+            /**
+             */
+            _this._nextNestedValue = function (value, key, owner) {
+                _this.childrenNext(value, key, owner);
+                return !_this.done;
+            };
+            return _this;
+        }
+        /**
+         */
+        NestedOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+            walkKeyPathValues(item, this.keyPath, this._nextNestedValue, 0, key, parent);
+        };
+        return NestedOperation;
+    }(GroupOperation));
+    var createTester = function (a, compare) {
+        if (a instanceof Function) {
+            return a;
+        }
+        if (a instanceof RegExp) {
+            return function (b) {
+                var result = typeof b === "string" && a.test(b);
+                a.lastIndex = 0;
+                return result;
+            };
+        }
+        var comparableA = comparable(a);
+        return function (b) { return compare(comparableA, comparable(b)); };
+    };
+    var EqualsOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(EqualsOperation, _super);
+        function EqualsOperation() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        EqualsOperation.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+        };
+        EqualsOperation.prototype.next = function (item, key, parent) {
+            if (!Array.isArray(parent) || parent.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                if (this._test(item, key, parent)) {
+                    this.done = true;
+                    this.keep = true;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        return EqualsOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var createEqualsOperation = function (params, owneryQuery, options) { return new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options); };
+    var NopeOperation = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends(NopeOperation, _super);
+        function NopeOperation() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        NopeOperation.prototype.next = function () {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.keep = false;
+        };
+        return NopeOperation;
+    }(BaseOperation));
+    var numericalOperationCreator = function (createNumericalOperation) { return function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+        if (params == null) {
+            return new NopeOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+        }
+        return createNumericalOperation(params, owneryQuery, options, name);
+    }; };
+    var numericalOperation = function (createTester) {
+        return numericalOperationCreator(function (params, owneryQuery, options) {
+            var typeofParams = typeof comparable(params);
+            var test = createTester(params);
+            return new EqualsOperation(function (b) {
+                return typeof comparable(b) === typeofParams && test(b);
+            }, owneryQuery, options);
+        });
+    };
+    var createNamedOperation = function (name, params, parentQuery, options) {
+        var operationCreator = options.operations[name];
+        if (!operationCreator) {
+            throw new Error("Unsupported operation: " + name);
+        }
+        return operationCreator(params, parentQuery, options, name);
+    };
+    var containsOperation = function (query) {
+        for (var key in query) {
+            if (key.charAt(0) === "$")
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+    var createNestedOperation = function (keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options) {
+        if (containsOperation(nestedQuery)) {
+            var _a = createQueryOperations(nestedQuery, options), selfOperations = _a[0], nestedOperations = _a[1];
+            if (nestedOperations.length) {
+                throw new Error("Property queries must contain only operations, or exact objects.");
+            }
+            return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations);
+        }
+        return new NestedOperation(keyPath, nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options, [
+            new EqualsOperation(nestedQuery, owneryQuery, options)
+        ]);
+    };
+    var createQueryOperation = function (query, owneryQuery, _a) {
+        if (owneryQuery === void 0) { owneryQuery = null; }
+        var _b = _a === void 0 ? {} : _a, compare = _b.compare, operations = _b.operations;
+        var options = {
+            compare: compare || equals,
+            operations: Object.assign({}, operations || {})
+        };
+        var _c = createQueryOperations(query, options), selfOperations = _c[0], nestedOperations = _c[1];
+        var ops = [];
+        if (selfOperations.length) {
+            ops.push(new NestedOperation([], query, owneryQuery, options, selfOperations));
+        }
+        ops.push.apply(ops, nestedOperations);
+        if (ops.length === 1) {
+            return ops[0];
+        }
+        return new QueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options, ops);
+    };
+    var createQueryOperations = function (query, options) {
+        var selfOperations = [];
+        var nestedOperations = [];
+        if (!isVanillaObject(query)) {
+            selfOperations.push(new EqualsOperation(query, query, options));
+            return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+        }
+        for (var key in query) {
+            if (key.charAt(0) === "$") {
+                var op = createNamedOperation(key, query[key], query, options);
+                // probably just a flag for another operation (like $options)
+                if (op != null) {
+                    selfOperations.push(op);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                nestedOperations.push(createNestedOperation(key.split("."), query[key], query, options));
+            }
+        }
+        return [selfOperations, nestedOperations];
+    };
+    var createOperationTester = function (operation) { return function (item, key, owner) {
+        operation.reset();
+        operation.next(item, key, owner);
+        return operation.keep;
+    }; };
+    var createQueryTester = function (query, options) {
+        if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
+        return createOperationTester(createQueryOperation(query, null, options));
+    };
+
+    var $Ne = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Ne, _super);
+        function $Ne() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Ne.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._test = createTester(this.params, this.options.compare);
+        };
+        $Ne.prototype.reset = function () {
+            _super.prototype.reset.call(this);
+            this.keep = true;
+        };
+        $Ne.prototype.next = function (item) {
+            if (this._test(item)) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = false;
+            }
+        };
+        return $Ne;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    // https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/elemMatch/
+    var $ElemMatch = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($ElemMatch, _super);
+        function $ElemMatch() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $ElemMatch.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+        };
+        $ElemMatch.prototype.reset = function () {
+            _super.prototype.reset.call(this);
+            this._queryOperation.reset();
+        };
+        $ElemMatch.prototype.next = function (item) {
+            if (isArray(item)) {
+                for (var i = 0, length_1 = item.length; i < length_1; i++) {
+                    // reset query operation since item being tested needs to pass _all_ query
+                    // operations for it to be a success
+                    this._queryOperation.reset();
+                    // check item
+                    this._queryOperation.next(item[i], i, item);
+                    this.keep = this.keep || this._queryOperation.keep;
+                }
+                this.done = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                this.done = false;
+                this.keep = false;
+            }
+        };
+        return $ElemMatch;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Not = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Not, _super);
+        function $Not() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Not.prototype.init = function () {
+            this._queryOperation = createQueryOperation(this.params, this.owneryQuery, this.options);
+        };
+        $Not.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this._queryOperation.reset();
+        };
+        $Not.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            this._queryOperation.next(item, key, owner);
+            this.done = this._queryOperation.done;
+            this.keep = !this._queryOperation.keep;
+        };
+        return $Not;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Size = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Size, _super);
+        function $Size() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Size.prototype.init = function () { };
+        $Size.prototype.next = function (item) {
+            if (isArray(item) && item.length === this.params) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = true;
+            }
+            // if (parent && parent.length === this.params) {
+            //   this.done = true;
+            //   this.keep = true;
+            // }
+        };
+        return $Size;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Or = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Or, _super);
+        function $Or() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Or.prototype.init = function () {
+            var _this = this;
+            this._ops = this.params.map(function (op) {
+                return createQueryOperation(op, null, _this.options);
+            });
+        };
+        $Or.prototype.reset = function () {
+            this.done = false;
+            this.keep = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_2 = this._ops.length; i < length_2; i++) {
+                this._ops[i].reset();
+            }
+        };
+        $Or.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            var done = false;
+            var success = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_3 = this._ops.length; i < length_3; i++) {
+                var op = this._ops[i];
+                op.next(item, key, owner);
+                if (op.keep) {
+                    done = true;
+                    success = op.keep;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            this.keep = success;
+            this.done = done;
+        };
+        return $Or;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Nor = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Nor, _super);
+        function $Nor() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Nor.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            _super.prototype.next.call(this, item, key, owner);
+            this.keep = !this.keep;
+        };
+        return $Nor;
+    }($Or));
+    var $In = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($In, _super);
+        function $In() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $In.prototype.init = function () {
+            var _this = this;
+            this._testers = this.params.map(function (value) {
+                if (containsOperation(value)) {
+                    throw new Error("cannot nest $ under " + _this.constructor.name.toLowerCase());
+                }
+                return createTester(value, _this.options.compare);
+            });
+        };
+        $In.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            var done = false;
+            var success = false;
+            for (var i = 0, length_4 = this._testers.length; i < length_4; i++) {
+                var test = this._testers[i];
+                if (test(item)) {
+                    done = true;
+                    success = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            this.keep = success;
+            this.done = done;
+        };
+        return $In;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $Nin = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Nin, _super);
+        function $Nin() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Nin.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            _super.prototype.next.call(this, item, key, owner);
+            this.keep = !this.keep;
+        };
+        return $Nin;
+    }($In));
+    var $Exists = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($Exists, _super);
+        function $Exists() {
+            return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
+        }
+        $Exists.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            if (owner.hasOwnProperty(key) === this.params) {
+                this.done = true;
+                this.keep = true;
+            }
+        };
+        return $Exists;
+    }(NamedBaseOperation));
+    var $And = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
+        __extends($And, _super);
+        function $And(params, owneryQuery, options, name) {
+            return _super.call(this, params, owneryQuery, options, params.map(function (query) { return createQueryOperation(query, owneryQuery, options); }), name) || this;
+        }
+        $And.prototype.next = function (item, key, owner) {
+            this.childrenNext(item, key, owner);
+        };
+        return $And;
+    }(NamedGroupOperation));
+    var $eq = function (params, owneryQuery, options) {
+        return new EqualsOperation(params, owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $ne = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Ne(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $or = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Or(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $nor = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Nor(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $elemMatch = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $ElemMatch(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $nin = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Nin(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $in = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $In(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $lt = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b < params; }; });
+    var $lte = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b <= params; }; });
+    var $gt = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b > params; }; });
+    var $gte = numericalOperation(function (params) { return function (b) { return b >= params; }; });
+    var $mod = function (_a, owneryQuery, options) {
+        var mod = _a[0], equalsValue = _a[1];
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) { return comparable(b) % mod === equalsValue; }, owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $exists = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Exists(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var $regex = function (pattern, owneryQuery, options) {
+        return new EqualsOperation(new RegExp(pattern, owneryQuery.$options), owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $not = function (params, owneryQuery, options, name) { return new $Not(params, owneryQuery, options, name); };
+    var typeAliases = {
+        number: function (v) { return typeof v === "number"; },
+        string: function (v) { return typeof v === "string"; },
+        bool: function (v) { return typeof v === "boolean"; },
+        array: function (v) { return Array.isArray(v); },
+        null: function (v) { return v === null; },
+        timestamp: function (v) { return v instanceof Date; }
+    };
+    var $type = function (clazz, owneryQuery, options) {
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) {
+            if (typeof clazz === "string") {
+                if (!typeAliases[clazz]) {
+                    throw new Error("Type alias does not exist");
+                }
+                return typeAliases[clazz](b);
+            }
+            return b != null ? b instanceof clazz || b.constructor === clazz : false;
+        }, owneryQuery, options);
+    };
+    var $and = function (params, ownerQuery, options, name) { return new $And(params, ownerQuery, options, name); };
+    var $all = $and;
+    var $size = function (params, ownerQuery, options) { return new $Size(params, ownerQuery, options, "$size"); };
+    var $options = function () { return null; };
+    var $where = function (params, ownerQuery, options) {
+        var test;
+        if (isFunction(params)) {
+            test = params;
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new Error("In CSP mode, sift does not support strings in \"$where\" condition");
+        }
+        return new EqualsOperation(function (b) { return test.bind(b)(b); }, ownerQuery, options);
+    };
+
+    var defaultOperations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
+        __proto__: null,
+        $Size: $Size,
+        $eq: $eq,
+        $ne: $ne,
+        $or: $or,
+        $nor: $nor,
+        $elemMatch: $elemMatch,
+        $nin: $nin,
+        $in: $in,
+        $lt: $lt,
+        $lte: $lte,
+        $gt: $gt,
+        $gte: $gte,
+        $mod: $mod,
+        $exists: $exists,
+        $regex: $regex,
+        $not: $not,
+        $type: $type,
+        $and: $and,
+        $all: $all,
+        $size: $size,
+        $options: $options,
+        $where: $where
+    });
+
+    var createDefaultQueryOperation = function (query, ownerQuery, _a) {
+        var _b = _a === void 0 ? {} : _a, compare = _b.compare, operations = _b.operations;
+        return createQueryOperation(query, ownerQuery, {
+            compare: compare,
+            operations: Object.assign({}, defaultOperations, operations || {})
+        });
+    };
+    var createDefaultQueryTester = function (query, options) {
+        if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
+        var op = createDefaultQueryOperation(query, null, options);
+        return createOperationTester(op);
+    };
+
+    exports.$Size = $Size;
+    exports.$all = $all;
+    exports.$and = $and;
+    exports.$elemMatch = $elemMatch;
+    exports.$eq = $eq;
+    exports.$exists = $exists;
+    exports.$gt = $gt;
+    exports.$gte = $gte;
+    exports.$in = $in;
+    exports.$lt = $lt;
+    exports.$lte = $lte;
+    exports.$mod = $mod;
+    exports.$ne = $ne;
+    exports.$nin = $nin;
+    exports.$nor = $nor;
+    exports.$not = $not;
+    exports.$options = $options;
+    exports.$or = $or;
+    exports.$regex = $regex;
+    exports.$size = $size;
+    exports.$type = $type;
+    exports.$where = $where;
+    exports.EqualsOperation = EqualsOperation;
+    exports.createDefaultQueryOperation = createDefaultQueryOperation;
+    exports.createEqualsOperation = createEqualsOperation;
+    exports.createOperationTester = createOperationTester;
+    exports.createQueryOperation = createQueryOperation;
+    exports.createQueryTester = createQueryTester;
+    exports.default = createDefaultQueryTester;
+
+    Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
+
+})));
+//# sourceMappingURL=sift.csp.min.js.map
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.csp.min.js.map b/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.csp.min.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fbb0b355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.csp.min.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"sift.csp.min.js","sources":["node_modules/tslib/tslib.es6.js","src/utils.ts","src/core.ts","src/operations.ts","src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*! *****************************************************************************\r\nCopyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.\r\n\r\nPermission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any\r\npurpose with or without fee is hereby granted.\r\n\r\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH\r\nREGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\r\nAND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\r\nINDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\r\nLOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\r\nOTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\r\nPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\r\n***************************************************************************** */\r\n/* global Reflect, Promise */\r\n\r\nvar extendStatics = function(d, b) {\r\n    extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||\r\n        ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||\r\n        function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };\r\n    return extendStatics(d, b);\r\n};\r\n\r\nexport function __extends(d, b) {\r\n    extendStatics(d, b);\r\n    function __() { this.constructor = d; }\r\n    d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport var __assign = function() {\r\n    __assign = Object.assign || function __assign(t) {\r\n        for (var s, i = 1, n = arguments.length; i < n; i++) {\r\n            s = arguments[i];\r\n            for (var p in s) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s, p)) t[p] = s[p];\r\n        }\r\n        return t;\r\n    }\r\n    return __assign.apply(this, arguments);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __rest(s, e) {\r\n    var t = {};\r\n    for (var p in s) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s, p) && e.indexOf(p) < 0)\r\n        t[p] = s[p];\r\n    if (s != null && typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols === \"function\")\r\n        for (var i = 0, p = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(s); i < p.length; i++) {\r\n            if (e.indexOf(p[i]) < 0 && Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(s, p[i]))\r\n                t[p[i]] = s[p[i]];\r\n        }\r\n    return t;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __decorate(decorators, target, key, desc) {\r\n    var c = arguments.length, r = c < 3 ? target : desc === null ? desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) : desc, d;\r\n    if (typeof Reflect === \"object\" && typeof Reflect.decorate === \"function\") r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);\r\n    else for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d = decorators[i]) r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;\r\n    return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __param(paramIndex, decorator) {\r\n    return function (target, key) { decorator(target, key, paramIndex); }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue) {\r\n    if (typeof Reflect === \"object\" && typeof Reflect.metadata === \"function\") return Reflect.metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __awaiter(thisArg, _arguments, P, generator) {\r\n    function adopt(value) { return value instanceof P ? value : new P(function (resolve) { resolve(value); }); }\r\n    return new (P || (P = Promise))(function (resolve, reject) {\r\n        function fulfilled(value) { try { step(generator.next(value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }\r\n        function rejected(value) { try { step(generator[\"throw\"](value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }\r\n        function step(result) { result.done ? resolve(result.value) : adopt(result.value).then(fulfilled, rejected); }\r\n        step((generator = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || [])).next());\r\n    });\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __generator(thisArg, body) {\r\n    var _ = { label: 0, sent: function() { if (t[0] & 1) throw t[1]; return t[1]; }, trys: [], ops: [] }, f, y, t, g;\r\n    return g = { next: verb(0), \"throw\": verb(1), \"return\": verb(2) }, typeof Symbol === \"function\" && (g[Symbol.iterator] = function() { return this; }), g;\r\n    function verb(n) { return function (v) { return step([n, v]); }; }\r\n    function step(op) {\r\n        if (f) throw new TypeError(\"Generator is already executing.\");\r\n        while (_) try {\r\n            if (f = 1, y && (t = op[0] & 2 ? y[\"return\"] : op[0] ? y[\"throw\"] || ((t = y[\"return\"]) && t.call(y), 0) : y.next) && !(t = t.call(y, op[1])).done) return t;\r\n            if (y = 0, t) op = [op[0] & 2, t.value];\r\n            switch (op[0]) {\r\n                case 0: case 1: t = op; break;\r\n                case 4: _.label++; return { value: op[1], done: false };\r\n                case 5: _.label++; y = op[1]; op = [0]; continue;\r\n                case 7: op = _.ops.pop(); _.trys.pop(); continue;\r\n                default:\r\n                    if (!(t = _.trys, t = t.length > 0 && t[t.length - 1]) && (op[0] === 6 || op[0] === 2)) { _ = 0; continue; }\r\n                    if (op[0] === 3 && (!t || (op[1] > t[0] && op[1] < t[3]))) { _.label = op[1]; break; }\r\n                    if (op[0] === 6 && _.label < t[1]) { _.label = t[1]; t = op; break; }\r\n                    if (t && _.label < t[2]) { _.label = t[2]; _.ops.push(op); break; }\r\n                    if (t[2]) _.ops.pop();\r\n                    _.trys.pop(); continue;\r\n            }\r\n            op = body.call(thisArg, _);\r\n        } catch (e) { op = [6, e]; y = 0; } finally { f = t = 0; }\r\n        if (op[0] & 5) throw op[1]; return { value: op[0] ? op[1] : void 0, done: true };\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport var __createBinding = Object.create ? 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.min.js b/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a02ffcba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sift/sift.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+!function(n,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?t(exports):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["exports"],t):t((n=n||self).sift={})}(this,(function(n){"use strict";
+/*! *****************************************************************************
+    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+    REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+    AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+    INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+    LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+    OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+    PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed104f41b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
+
+### [3.0.3](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/compare/v3.0.2...v3.0.3) (2020-03-26)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* patch `SIGHUP` to `SIGINT` when on Windows ([cfd1046](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/commit/cfd1046079af4f0e44f93c69c237a09de8c23ef2))
+* **ci:** use Travis for Windows builds ([007add7](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/commit/007add793d2b5ae3c382512103adbf321768a0b8))
+
+<a name="3.0.1"></a>
+## [3.0.1](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/compare/v3.0.0...v3.0.1) (2016-09-08)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* do not listen on SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV and SIGILL ([#40](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/issues/40)) ([5b105fb](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/commit/5b105fb))
+
+
+
+<a name="3.0.0"></a>
+# [3.0.0](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/compare/v2.1.2...v3.0.0) (2016-06-13)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* get our test suite running on Windows ([#23](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/issues/23)) ([6f3eda8](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/commit/6f3eda8))
+* hooking SIGPROF was interfering with profilers see [#21](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/issues/21) ([#24](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/issues/24)) ([1248a4c](https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/commit/1248a4c))
+
+
+### BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* signal-exit no longer wires into SIGPROF
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/LICENSE.txt b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eead04a12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) 2015, Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software
+for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided
+that the above copyright notice and this permission notice
+appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
+ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/README.md b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f8eb5917
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# signal-exit
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tapjs/signal-exit.png)](https://travis-ci.org/tapjs/signal-exit)
+[![Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/tapjs/signal-exit/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/tapjs/signal-exit?branch=master)
+[![NPM version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/signal-exit.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/signal-exit)
+[![Standard Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/release-standard%20version-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version)
+
+When you want to fire an event no matter how a process exits:
+
+* reaching the end of execution.
+* explicitly having `process.exit(code)` called.
+* having `process.kill(pid, sig)` called.
+* receiving a fatal signal from outside the process
+
+Use `signal-exit`.
+
+```js
+var onExit = require('signal-exit')
+
+onExit(function (code, signal) {
+  console.log('process exited!')
+})
+```
+
+## API
+
+`var remove = onExit(function (code, signal) {}, options)`
+
+The return value of the function is a function that will remove the
+handler.
+
+Note that the function *only* fires for signals if the signal would
+cause the proces to exit.  That is, there are no other listeners, and
+it is a fatal signal.
+
+## Options
+
+* `alwaysLast`: Run this handler after any other signal or exit
+  handlers.  This causes `process.emit` to be monkeypatched.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/index.js b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b6c43aca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Note: since nyc uses this module to output coverage, any lines
+// that are in the direct sync flow of nyc's outputCoverage are
+// ignored, since we can never get coverage for them.
+var assert = require('assert')
+var signals = require('./signals.js')
+var isWin = /^win/i.test(process.platform)
+
+var EE = require('events')
+/* istanbul ignore if */
+if (typeof EE !== 'function') {
+  EE = EE.EventEmitter
+}
+
+var emitter
+if (process.__signal_exit_emitter__) {
+  emitter = process.__signal_exit_emitter__
+} else {
+  emitter = process.__signal_exit_emitter__ = new EE()
+  emitter.count = 0
+  emitter.emitted = {}
+}
+
+// Because this emitter is a global, we have to check to see if a
+// previous version of this library failed to enable infinite listeners.
+// I know what you're about to say.  But literally everything about
+// signal-exit is a compromise with evil.  Get used to it.
+if (!emitter.infinite) {
+  emitter.setMaxListeners(Infinity)
+  emitter.infinite = true
+}
+
+module.exports = function (cb, opts) {
+  assert.equal(typeof cb, 'function', 'a callback must be provided for exit handler')
+
+  if (loaded === false) {
+    load()
+  }
+
+  var ev = 'exit'
+  if (opts && opts.alwaysLast) {
+    ev = 'afterexit'
+  }
+
+  var remove = function () {
+    emitter.removeListener(ev, cb)
+    if (emitter.listeners('exit').length === 0 &&
+        emitter.listeners('afterexit').length === 0) {
+      unload()
+    }
+  }
+  emitter.on(ev, cb)
+
+  return remove
+}
+
+module.exports.unload = unload
+function unload () {
+  if (!loaded) {
+    return
+  }
+  loaded = false
+
+  signals.forEach(function (sig) {
+    try {
+      process.removeListener(sig, sigListeners[sig])
+    } catch (er) {}
+  })
+  process.emit = originalProcessEmit
+  process.reallyExit = originalProcessReallyExit
+  emitter.count -= 1
+}
+
+function emit (event, code, signal) {
+  if (emitter.emitted[event]) {
+    return
+  }
+  emitter.emitted[event] = true
+  emitter.emit(event, code, signal)
+}
+
+// { <signal>: <listener fn>, ... }
+var sigListeners = {}
+signals.forEach(function (sig) {
+  sigListeners[sig] = function listener () {
+    // If there are no other listeners, an exit is coming!
+    // Simplest way: remove us and then re-send the signal.
+    // We know that this will kill the process, so we can
+    // safely emit now.
+    var listeners = process.listeners(sig)
+    if (listeners.length === emitter.count) {
+      unload()
+      emit('exit', null, sig)
+      /* istanbul ignore next */
+      emit('afterexit', null, sig)
+      /* istanbul ignore next */
+      if (isWin && sig === 'SIGHUP') {
+        // "SIGHUP" throws an `ENOSYS` error on Windows,
+        // so use a supported signal instead
+        sig = 'SIGINT'
+      }
+      process.kill(process.pid, sig)
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+module.exports.signals = function () {
+  return signals
+}
+
+module.exports.load = load
+
+var loaded = false
+
+function load () {
+  if (loaded) {
+    return
+  }
+  loaded = true
+
+  // This is the number of onSignalExit's that are in play.
+  // It's important so that we can count the correct number of
+  // listeners on signals, and don't wait for the other one to
+  // handle it instead of us.
+  emitter.count += 1
+
+  signals = signals.filter(function (sig) {
+    try {
+      process.on(sig, sigListeners[sig])
+      return true
+    } catch (er) {
+      return false
+    }
+  })
+
+  process.emit = processEmit
+  process.reallyExit = processReallyExit
+}
+
+var originalProcessReallyExit = process.reallyExit
+function processReallyExit (code) {
+  process.exitCode = code || 0
+  emit('exit', process.exitCode, null)
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
+  emit('afterexit', process.exitCode, null)
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
+  originalProcessReallyExit.call(process, process.exitCode)
+}
+
+var originalProcessEmit = process.emit
+function processEmit (ev, arg) {
+  if (ev === 'exit') {
+    if (arg !== undefined) {
+      process.exitCode = arg
+    }
+    var ret = originalProcessEmit.apply(this, arguments)
+    emit('exit', process.exitCode, null)
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
+    emit('afterexit', process.exitCode, null)
+    return ret
+  } else {
+    return originalProcessEmit.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/package.json b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4eced3d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "_from": "signal-exit@^3.0.0",
+  "_id": "signal-exit@3.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-VUJ49FC8U1OxwZLxIbTTrDvLnf/6TDgxZcK8wxR8zs13xpx7xbG60ndBlhNrFi2EMuFRoeDoJO7wthSLq42EjA==",
+  "_location": "/signal-exit",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "signal-exit@^3.0.0",
+    "name": "signal-exit",
+    "escapedName": "signal-exit",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/signal-exit/-/signal-exit-3.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "a1410c2edd8f077b08b4e253c8eacfcaf057461c",
+  "_spec": "signal-exit@^3.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\gauge",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Ben Coe",
+    "email": "ben@npmjs.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "when you want to fire an event no matter how a process exits.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "coveralls": "^2.11.10",
+    "nyc": "^8.1.0",
+    "standard": "^8.1.0",
+    "standard-version": "^2.3.0",
+    "tap": "^8.0.1"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "signals.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit",
+  "keywords": [
+    "signal",
+    "exit"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "signal-exit",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/tapjs/signal-exit.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "coverage": "nyc report --reporter=text-lcov | coveralls",
+    "pretest": "standard",
+    "release": "standard-version",
+    "test": "tap --timeout=240 ./test/*.js --cov"
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/signals.js b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/signals.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bd67a8a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/signal-exit/signals.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// This is not the set of all possible signals.
+//
+// It IS, however, the set of all signals that trigger
+// an exit on either Linux or BSD systems.  Linux is a
+// superset of the signal names supported on BSD, and
+// the unknown signals just fail to register, so we can
+// catch that easily enough.
+//
+// Don't bother with SIGKILL.  It's uncatchable, which
+// means that we can't fire any callbacks anyway.
+//
+// If a user does happen to register a handler on a non-
+// fatal signal like SIGWINCH or something, and then
+// exit, it'll end up firing `process.emit('exit')`, so
+// the handler will be fired anyway.
+//
+// SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV and SIGILL, when not raised
+// artificially, inherently leave the process in a
+// state from which it is not safe to try and enter JS
+// listeners.
+module.exports = [
+  'SIGABRT',
+  'SIGALRM',
+  'SIGHUP',
+  'SIGINT',
+  'SIGTERM'
+]
+
+if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+  module.exports.push(
+    'SIGVTALRM',
+    'SIGXCPU',
+    'SIGXFSZ',
+    'SIGUSR2',
+    'SIGTRAP',
+    'SIGSYS',
+    'SIGQUIT',
+    'SIGIOT'
+    // should detect profiler and enable/disable accordingly.
+    // see #21
+    // 'SIGPROF'
+  )
+}
+
+if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+  module.exports.push(
+    'SIGIO',
+    'SIGPOLL',
+    'SIGPWR',
+    'SIGSTKFLT',
+    'SIGUNUSED'
+  )
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sliced/History.md b/backend/node_modules/sliced/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e45cefe8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sliced/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+1.0.1 / 2015-07-14
+==================
+
+ * fixed; missing file introduced in 4f5cea1
+
+1.0.0 / 2015-07-12
+==================
+
+ * Remove unnecessary files from npm package - #6 via joaquimserafim
+ * updated readme stats
+
+0.0.5 / 2013-02-05
+==================
+
+  * optimization: remove use of arguments [jkroso](https://github.com/jkroso)
+  * add scripts to component.json [jkroso](https://github.com/jkroso)
+  * tests; remove time for travis
+
+0.0.4 / 2013-01-07
+==================
+
+  * added component.json #1 [jkroso](https://github.com/jkroso)
+  * reversed array loop #1 [jkroso](https://github.com/jkroso)
+  * remove fn params
+
+0.0.3 / 2012-09-29
+==================
+
+  * faster with negative start args
+
+0.0.2 / 2012-09-29
+==================
+
+  * support full [].slice semantics
+
+0.0.1 / 2012-09-29
+===================
+
+  * initial release
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sliced/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/sliced/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38c529daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sliced/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 [Aaron Heckmann](aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sliced/README.md b/backend/node_modules/sliced/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6ff85eb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sliced/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#sliced
+==========
+
+A faster alternative to `[].slice.call(arguments)`.
+
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/aheckmann/sliced.png)](http://travis-ci.org/aheckmann/sliced)
+
+Example output from [benchmark.js](https://github.com/bestiejs/benchmark.js)
+
+    Array.prototype.slice.call x 1,401,820 ops/sec ±2.16% (90 runs sampled)
+    [].slice.call x 1,313,116 ops/sec ±2.04% (96 runs sampled)
+    cached slice.call x 10,297,910 ops/sec ±1.81% (96 runs sampled)
+    sliced x 19,906,019 ops/sec ±1.23% (89 runs sampled)
+    fastest is sliced
+
+    Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1) x 1,373,238 ops/sec ±1.84% (95 runs sampled)
+    [].slice.call(arguments, 1) x 1,395,336 ops/sec ±1.36% (93 runs sampled)
+    cached slice.call(arguments, 1) x 9,926,018 ops/sec ±1.67% (92 runs sampled)
+    sliced(arguments, 1) x 20,747,990 ops/sec ±1.16% (93 runs sampled)
+    fastest is sliced(arguments, 1)
+
+    Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, -1) x 1,319,908 ops/sec ±2.12% (91 runs sampled)
+    [].slice.call(arguments, -1) x 1,336,170 ops/sec ±1.33% (97 runs sampled)
+    cached slice.call(arguments, -1) x 10,078,718 ops/sec ±1.21% (98 runs sampled)
+    sliced(arguments, -1) x 20,471,474 ops/sec ±1.81% (92 runs sampled)
+    fastest is sliced(arguments, -1)
+
+    Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, -2, -10) x 1,369,246 ops/sec ±1.68% (97 runs sampled)
+    [].slice.call(arguments, -2, -10) x 1,387,935 ops/sec ±1.70% (95 runs sampled)
+    cached slice.call(arguments, -2, -10) x 9,593,428 ops/sec ±1.23% (97 runs sampled)
+    sliced(arguments, -2, -10) x 23,178,931 ops/sec ±1.70% (92 runs sampled)
+    fastest is sliced(arguments, -2, -10)
+
+    Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, -2, -1) x 1,441,300 ops/sec ±1.26% (98 runs sampled)
+    [].slice.call(arguments, -2, -1) x 1,410,326 ops/sec ±1.96% (93 runs sampled)
+    cached slice.call(arguments, -2, -1) x 9,854,419 ops/sec ±1.02% (97 runs sampled)
+    sliced(arguments, -2, -1) x 22,550,801 ops/sec ±1.86% (91 runs sampled)
+    fastest is sliced(arguments, -2, -1)
+
+_Benchmark  [source](https://github.com/aheckmann/sliced/blob/master/bench.js)._
+
+##Usage
+
+`sliced` accepts the same arguments as `Array#slice` so you can easily swap it out.
+
+```js
+function zing () {
+  var slow = [].slice.call(arguments, 1, 8);
+  var args = slice(arguments, 1, 8);
+
+  var slow = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+  var args = slice(arguments);
+  // etc
+}
+```
+
+## install
+
+    npm install sliced
+
+
+[LICENSE](https://github.com/aheckmann/sliced/blob/master/LICENSE)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sliced/index.js b/backend/node_modules/sliced/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d88c85b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sliced/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+/**
+ * An Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments) alternative
+ *
+ * @param {Object} args something with a length
+ * @param {Number} slice
+ * @param {Number} sliceEnd
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function (args, slice, sliceEnd) {
+  var ret = [];
+  var len = args.length;
+
+  if (0 === len) return ret;
+
+  var start = slice < 0
+    ? Math.max(0, slice + len)
+    : slice || 0;
+
+  if (sliceEnd !== undefined) {
+    len = sliceEnd < 0
+      ? sliceEnd + len
+      : sliceEnd
+  }
+
+  while (len-- > start) {
+    ret[len - start] = args[len];
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sliced/package.json b/backend/node_modules/sliced/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d215b0163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sliced/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "sliced@1.0.1",
+  "_id": "sliced@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-CzpmK10Ewxd7GSa+qCsD+Dei70E=",
+  "_location": "/sliced",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "sliced@1.0.1",
+    "name": "sliced",
+    "escapedName": "sliced",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/mongoose",
+    "/mquery"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sliced/-/sliced-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "0b3a662b5d04c3177b1926bea82b03f837a2ef41",
+  "_spec": "sliced@1.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\mongoose",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Aaron Heckmann",
+    "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/aheckmann/sliced/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A faster Node.js alternative to Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "benchmark": "~1.0.0",
+    "mocha": "1.5.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/aheckmann/sliced#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "arguments",
+    "slice",
+    "array"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "sliced",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/aheckmann/sliced.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "make test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c3629e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c04282170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - '0.10'
+  - '0.12'
+  - '4.0'
+  - '5.0'
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bae9da7bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Mathias Buus
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/README.md b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b6b8f9ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# sparse-bitfield
+
+Bitfield implementation that allocates a series of 1kb buffers to support sparse bitfields
+without allocating a massive buffer. If you want to simple implementation of a flat bitfield
+see the [bitfield](https://github.com/fb55/bitfield) module.
+
+This module is mostly useful if you need a big bitfield where you won't nessecarily set every bit.
+
+```
+npm install sparse-bitfield
+```
+
+[![build status](http://img.shields.io/travis/mafintosh/sparse-bitfield.svg?style=flat)](http://travis-ci.org/mafintosh/sparse-bitfield)
+
+## Usage
+
+``` js
+var bitfield = require('sparse-bitfield')
+var bits = bitfield()
+
+bits.set(0, true) // set first bit
+bits.set(1, true) // set second bit
+bits.set(1000000000000, true) // set the 1.000.000.000.000th bit
+```
+
+Running the above example will allocate two 1kb buffers internally.
+Each 1kb buffer can hold information about 8192 bits so the first one will be used to store information about the first two bits and the second will be used to store the 1.000.000.000.000th bit.
+
+## API
+
+#### `var bits = bitfield([options])`
+
+Create a new bitfield. Options include
+
+``` js
+{
+  pageSize: 1024, // how big should the partial buffers be
+  buffer: anExistingBitfield,
+  trackUpdates: false // track when pages are being updated in the pager
+}
+```
+
+#### `bits.set(index, value)`
+
+Set a bit to true or false.
+
+#### `bits.get(index)`
+
+Get the value of a bit.
+
+#### `bits.pages`
+
+A [memory-pager](https://github.com/mafintosh/memory-pager) instance that is managing the underlying memory.
+If you set `trackUpdates` to true in the constructor you can use `.lastUpdate()` on this instance to get the last updated memory page.
+
+#### `var buffer = bits.toBuffer()`
+
+Get a single buffer representing the entire bitfield.
+
+## License
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/index.js b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff458c974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+var pager = require('memory-pager')
+
+module.exports = Bitfield
+
+function Bitfield (opts) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Bitfield)) return new Bitfield(opts)
+  if (!opts) opts = {}
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(opts)) opts = {buffer: opts}
+
+  this.pageOffset = opts.pageOffset || 0
+  this.pageSize = opts.pageSize || 1024
+  this.pages = opts.pages || pager(this.pageSize)
+
+  this.byteLength = this.pages.length * this.pageSize
+  this.length = 8 * this.byteLength
+
+  if (!powerOfTwo(this.pageSize)) throw new Error('The page size should be a power of two')
+
+  this._trackUpdates = !!opts.trackUpdates
+  this._pageMask = this.pageSize - 1
+
+  if (opts.buffer) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < opts.buffer.length; i += this.pageSize) {
+      this.pages.set(i / this.pageSize, opts.buffer.slice(i, i + this.pageSize))
+    }
+    this.byteLength = opts.buffer.length
+    this.length = 8 * this.byteLength
+  }
+}
+
+Bitfield.prototype.get = function (i) {
+  var o = i & 7
+  var j = (i - o) / 8
+
+  return !!(this.getByte(j) & (128 >> o))
+}
+
+Bitfield.prototype.getByte = function (i) {
+  var o = i & this._pageMask
+  var j = (i - o) / this.pageSize
+  var page = this.pages.get(j, true)
+
+  return page ? page.buffer[o + this.pageOffset] : 0
+}
+
+Bitfield.prototype.set = function (i, v) {
+  var o = i & 7
+  var j = (i - o) / 8
+  var b = this.getByte(j)
+
+  return this.setByte(j, v ? b | (128 >> o) : b & (255 ^ (128 >> o)))
+}
+
+Bitfield.prototype.toBuffer = function () {
+  var all = alloc(this.pages.length * this.pageSize)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.pages.length; i++) {
+    var next = this.pages.get(i, true)
+    var allOffset = i * this.pageSize
+    if (next) next.buffer.copy(all, allOffset, this.pageOffset, this.pageOffset + this.pageSize)
+  }
+
+  return all
+}
+
+Bitfield.prototype.setByte = function (i, b) {
+  var o = i & this._pageMask
+  var j = (i - o) / this.pageSize
+  var page = this.pages.get(j, false)
+
+  o += this.pageOffset
+
+  if (page.buffer[o] === b) return false
+  page.buffer[o] = b
+
+  if (i >= this.byteLength) {
+    this.byteLength = i + 1
+    this.length = this.byteLength * 8
+  }
+
+  if (this._trackUpdates) this.pages.updated(page)
+
+  return true
+}
+
+function alloc (n) {
+  if (Buffer.alloc) return Buffer.alloc(n)
+  var b = new Buffer(n)
+  b.fill(0)
+  return b
+}
+
+function powerOfTwo (x) {
+  return !(x & (x - 1))
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/package.json b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feacd836f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "_from": "sparse-bitfield@^3.0.3",
+  "_id": "sparse-bitfield@3.0.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-/0rm5oZWBWuks+eSqzM004JzyhE=",
+  "_location": "/sparse-bitfield",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "sparse-bitfield@^3.0.3",
+    "name": "sparse-bitfield",
+    "escapedName": "sparse-bitfield",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.3",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.3"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/saslprep"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sparse-bitfield/-/sparse-bitfield-3.0.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "ff4ae6e68656056ba4b3e792ab3334d38273ca11",
+  "_spec": "sparse-bitfield@^3.0.3",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\saslprep",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Mathias Buus",
+    "url": "@mafintosh"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mafintosh/sparse-bitfield/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "memory-pager": "^1.0.2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Bitfield that allocates a series of small buffers to support sparse bits without allocating a massive buffer",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "buffer-alloc": "^1.1.0",
+    "standard": "^9.0.0",
+    "tape": "^4.6.3"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mafintosh/sparse-bitfield",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "sparse-bitfield",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/mafintosh/sparse-bitfield.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "standard && tape test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/test.js b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae42ef467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/sparse-bitfield/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+var alloc = require('buffer-alloc')
+var tape = require('tape')
+var bitfield = require('./')
+
+tape('set and get', function (t) {
+  var bits = bitfield()
+
+  t.same(bits.get(0), false, 'first bit is false')
+  bits.set(0, true)
+  t.same(bits.get(0), true, 'first bit is true')
+  t.same(bits.get(1), false, 'second bit is false')
+  bits.set(0, false)
+  t.same(bits.get(0), false, 'first bit is reset')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('set large and get', function (t) {
+  var bits = bitfield()
+
+  t.same(bits.get(9999999999999), false, 'large bit is false')
+  bits.set(9999999999999, true)
+  t.same(bits.get(9999999999999), true, 'large bit is true')
+  t.same(bits.get(9999999999999 + 1), false, 'large bit + 1 is false')
+  bits.set(9999999999999, false)
+  t.same(bits.get(9999999999999), false, 'large bit is reset')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('get and set buffer', function (t) {
+  var bits = bitfield({trackUpdates: true})
+
+  t.same(bits.pages.get(0, true), undefined)
+  t.same(bits.pages.get(Math.floor(9999999999999 / 8 / 1024), true), undefined)
+  bits.set(9999999999999, true)
+
+  var bits2 = bitfield()
+  var upd = bits.pages.lastUpdate()
+  bits2.pages.set(Math.floor(upd.offset / 1024), upd.buffer)
+  t.same(bits2.get(9999999999999), true, 'bit is set')
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('toBuffer', function (t) {
+  var bits = bitfield()
+
+  t.same(bits.toBuffer(), alloc(0))
+
+  bits.set(0, true)
+
+  t.same(bits.toBuffer(), bits.pages.get(0).buffer)
+
+  bits.set(9000, true)
+
+  t.same(bits.toBuffer(), Buffer.concat([bits.pages.get(0).buffer, bits.pages.get(1).buffer]))
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('pass in buffer', function (t) {
+  var bits = bitfield()
+
+  bits.set(0, true)
+  bits.set(9000, true)
+
+  var clone = bitfield(bits.toBuffer())
+
+  t.same(clone.get(0), true)
+  t.same(clone.get(9000), true)
+  t.end()
+})
+
+tape('set small buffer', function (t) {
+  var buf = alloc(1)
+  buf[0] = 255
+  var bits = bitfield(buf)
+
+  t.same(bits.get(0), true)
+  t.same(bits.pages.get(0).buffer.length, bits.pageSize)
+  t.end()
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/statuses/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/statuses/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1977b297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/statuses/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+1.5.0 / 2018-03-27
+==================
+
+  * Add `103 Early Hints`
+
+1.4.0 / 2017-10-20
+==================
+
+  * Add `STATUS_CODES` export
+
+1.3.1 / 2016-11-11
+==================
+
+  * Fix return type in JSDoc
+
+1.3.0 / 2016-05-17
+==================
+
+  * Add `421 Misdirected Request`
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+
+1.2.1 / 2015-02-01
+==================
+
+  * Fix message for status 451
+    - `451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons`
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-09-28
+==================
+
+  * Add `208 Already Repored`
+  * Add `226 IM Used`
+  * Add `306 (Unused)`
+  * Add `415 Unable For Legal Reasons`
+  * Add `508 Loop Detected`
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-09-24
+==================
+
+  * Add missing 308 to `codes.json`
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-09-21
+==================
+
+  * Add `codes.json` for universal support
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-08-20
+==================
+
+  * Package cleanup
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-06-08
+==================
+
+  * Add 308 to `.redirect` category
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Add `.retry` category
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-03-12
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/statuses/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/statuses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28a316182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/statuses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/statuses/README.md b/backend/node_modules/statuses/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fe5720db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/statuses/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# Statuses
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+HTTP status utility for node.
+
+This module provides a list of status codes and messages sourced from
+a few different projects:
+
+  * The [IANA Status Code Registry](https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml)
+  * The [Node.js project](https://nodejs.org/)
+  * The [NGINX project](https://www.nginx.com/)
+  * The [Apache HTTP Server project](https://httpd.apache.org/)
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install statuses
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var status = require('statuses')
+```
+
+### var code = status(Integer || String)
+
+If `Integer` or `String` is a valid HTTP code or status message, then the
+appropriate `code` will be returned. Otherwise, an error will be thrown.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+status(403) // => 403
+status('403') // => 403
+status('forbidden') // => 403
+status('Forbidden') // => 403
+status(306) // throws, as it's not supported by node.js
+```
+
+### status.STATUS_CODES
+
+Returns an object which maps status codes to status messages, in
+the same format as the
+[Node.js http module](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/http.html#http_http_status_codes).
+
+### status.codes
+
+Returns an array of all the status codes as `Integer`s.
+
+### var msg = status[code]
+
+Map of `code` to `status message`. `undefined` for invalid `code`s.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-expressions -->
+
+```js
+status[404] // => 'Not Found'
+```
+
+### var code = status[msg]
+
+Map of `status message` to `code`. `msg` can either be title-cased or
+lower-cased. `undefined` for invalid `status message`s.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-expressions -->
+
+```js
+status['not found'] // => 404
+status['Not Found'] // => 404
+```
+
+### status.redirect[code]
+
+Returns `true` if a status code is a valid redirect status.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-expressions -->
+
+```js
+status.redirect[200] // => undefined
+status.redirect[301] // => true
+```
+
+### status.empty[code]
+
+Returns `true` if a status code expects an empty body.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-expressions -->
+
+```js
+status.empty[200] // => undefined
+status.empty[204] // => true
+status.empty[304] // => true
+```
+
+### status.retry[code]
+
+Returns `true` if you should retry the rest.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef, no-unused-expressions -->
+
+```js
+status.retry[501] // => undefined
+status.retry[503] // => true
+```
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/statuses.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/statuses
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/statuses.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/statuses.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/statuses
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/statuses.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/statuses?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/statuses.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/statuses
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/statuses/codes.json b/backend/node_modules/statuses/codes.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a09283a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/statuses/codes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "100": "Continue",
+  "101": "Switching Protocols",
+  "102": "Processing",
+  "103": "Early Hints",
+  "200": "OK",
+  "201": "Created",
+  "202": "Accepted",
+  "203": "Non-Authoritative Information",
+  "204": "No Content",
+  "205": "Reset Content",
+  "206": "Partial Content",
+  "207": "Multi-Status",
+  "208": "Already Reported",
+  "226": "IM Used",
+  "300": "Multiple Choices",
+  "301": "Moved Permanently",
+  "302": "Found",
+  "303": "See Other",
+  "304": "Not Modified",
+  "305": "Use Proxy",
+  "306": "(Unused)",
+  "307": "Temporary Redirect",
+  "308": "Permanent Redirect",
+  "400": "Bad Request",
+  "401": "Unauthorized",
+  "402": "Payment Required",
+  "403": "Forbidden",
+  "404": "Not Found",
+  "405": "Method Not Allowed",
+  "406": "Not Acceptable",
+  "407": "Proxy Authentication Required",
+  "408": "Request Timeout",
+  "409": "Conflict",
+  "410": "Gone",
+  "411": "Length Required",
+  "412": "Precondition Failed",
+  "413": "Payload Too Large",
+  "414": "URI Too Long",
+  "415": "Unsupported Media Type",
+  "416": "Range Not Satisfiable",
+  "417": "Expectation Failed",
+  "418": "I'm a teapot",
+  "421": "Misdirected Request",
+  "422": "Unprocessable Entity",
+  "423": "Locked",
+  "424": "Failed Dependency",
+  "425": "Unordered Collection",
+  "426": "Upgrade Required",
+  "428": "Precondition Required",
+  "429": "Too Many Requests",
+  "431": "Request Header Fields Too Large",
+  "451": "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",
+  "500": "Internal Server Error",
+  "501": "Not Implemented",
+  "502": "Bad Gateway",
+  "503": "Service Unavailable",
+  "504": "Gateway Timeout",
+  "505": "HTTP Version Not Supported",
+  "506": "Variant Also Negotiates",
+  "507": "Insufficient Storage",
+  "508": "Loop Detected",
+  "509": "Bandwidth Limit Exceeded",
+  "510": "Not Extended",
+  "511": "Network Authentication Required"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/statuses/index.js b/backend/node_modules/statuses/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4df469a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/statuses/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*!
+ * statuses
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var codes = require('./codes.json')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = status
+
+// status code to message map
+status.STATUS_CODES = codes
+
+// array of status codes
+status.codes = populateStatusesMap(status, codes)
+
+// status codes for redirects
+status.redirect = {
+  300: true,
+  301: true,
+  302: true,
+  303: true,
+  305: true,
+  307: true,
+  308: true
+}
+
+// status codes for empty bodies
+status.empty = {
+  204: true,
+  205: true,
+  304: true
+}
+
+// status codes for when you should retry the request
+status.retry = {
+  502: true,
+  503: true,
+  504: true
+}
+
+/**
+ * Populate the statuses map for given codes.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function populateStatusesMap (statuses, codes) {
+  var arr = []
+
+  Object.keys(codes).forEach(function forEachCode (code) {
+    var message = codes[code]
+    var status = Number(code)
+
+    // Populate properties
+    statuses[status] = message
+    statuses[message] = status
+    statuses[message.toLowerCase()] = status
+
+    // Add to array
+    arr.push(status)
+  })
+
+  return arr
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the status code.
+ *
+ * Given a number, this will throw if it is not a known status
+ * code, otherwise the code will be returned. Given a string,
+ * the string will be parsed for a number and return the code
+ * if valid, otherwise will lookup the code assuming this is
+ * the status message.
+ *
+ * @param {string|number} code
+ * @returns {number}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function status (code) {
+  if (typeof code === 'number') {
+    if (!status[code]) throw new Error('invalid status code: ' + code)
+    return code
+  }
+
+  if (typeof code !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('code must be a number or string')
+  }
+
+  // '403'
+  var n = parseInt(code, 10)
+  if (!isNaN(n)) {
+    if (!status[n]) throw new Error('invalid status code: ' + n)
+    return n
+  }
+
+  n = status[code.toLowerCase()]
+  if (!n) throw new Error('invalid status message: "' + code + '"')
+  return n
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/statuses/package.json b/backend/node_modules/statuses/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a5c306df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/statuses/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "_from": "statuses@~1.5.0",
+  "_id": "statuses@1.5.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-Fhx9rBd2Wf2YEfQ3cfqZOBR4Yow=",
+  "_location": "/statuses",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "statuses@~1.5.0",
+    "name": "statuses",
+    "escapedName": "statuses",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.5.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.5.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express",
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/http-errors",
+    "/send"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/statuses/-/statuses-1.5.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "161c7dac177659fd9811f43771fa99381478628c",
+  "_spec": "statuses@~1.5.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/statuses/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "HTTP status utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "csv-parse": "1.2.4",
+    "eslint": "4.19.1",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "11.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.9.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.6",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "6.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.7.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "1.21.5",
+    "raw-body": "2.3.2",
+    "stream-to-array": "2.3.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js",
+    "codes.json",
+    "LICENSE"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/statuses#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "status",
+    "code"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "statuses",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/statuses.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "node scripts/build.js",
+    "fetch": "node scripts/fetch-apache.js && node scripts/fetch-iana.js && node scripts/fetch-nginx.js && node scripts/fetch-node.js",
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "update": "npm run fetch && npm run build"
+  },
+  "version": "1.5.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..290762e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright Brian White. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/README.md b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6310c209b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Description
+===========
+
+streamsearch is a module for [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) that allows searching a stream using the Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm.
+
+This module is based heavily on the Streaming Boyer-Moore-Horspool C++ implementation by Hongli Lai [here](https://github.com/FooBarWidget/boyer-moore-horspool).
+
+
+Requirements
+============
+
+* [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) -- v0.8.0 or newer
+
+
+Installation
+============
+
+    npm install streamsearch
+
+Example
+=======
+
+```javascript
+  var StreamSearch = require('streamsearch'),
+      inspect = require('util').inspect;
+
+  var needle = new Buffer([13, 10]), // CRLF
+      s = new StreamSearch(needle),
+      chunks = [
+        new Buffer('foo'),
+        new Buffer(' bar'),
+        new Buffer('\r'),
+        new Buffer('\n'),
+        new Buffer('baz, hello\r'),
+        new Buffer('\n world.'),
+        new Buffer('\r\n Node.JS rules!!\r\n\r\n')
+      ];
+  s.on('info', function(isMatch, data, start, end) {
+    if (data)
+      console.log('data: ' + inspect(data.toString('ascii', start, end)));
+    if (isMatch)
+      console.log('match!');
+  });
+  for (var i = 0, len = chunks.length; i < len; ++i)
+    s.push(chunks[i]);
+
+  // output:
+  //
+  // data: 'foo'
+  // data: ' bar'
+  // match!
+  // data: 'baz, hello'
+  // match!
+  // data: ' world.'
+  // match!
+  // data: ' Node.JS rules!!'
+  // match!
+  // data: ''
+  // match!
+```
+
+
+API
+===
+
+Events
+------
+
+* **info**(< _boolean_ >isMatch[, < _Buffer_ >chunk, < _integer_ >start, < _integer_ >end]) - A match _may_ or _may not_ have been made. In either case, a preceding `chunk` of data _may_ be available that did not match the needle. Data (if available) is in `chunk` between `start` (inclusive) and `end` (exclusive).
+
+
+Properties
+----------
+
+* **maxMatches** - < _integer_ > - The maximum number of matches. Defaults to Infinity.
+
+* **matches** - < _integer_ > - The current match count.
+
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+* **(constructor)**(< _mixed_ >needle) - Creates and returns a new instance for searching for a _Buffer_ or _string_ `needle`.
+
+* **push**(< _Buffer_ >chunk) - _integer_ - Processes `chunk`. The return value is the last processed index in `chunk` + 1.
+
+* **reset**() - _(void)_ - Resets internal state. Useful for when you wish to start searching a new/different stream for example.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/lib/sbmh.js b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/lib/sbmh.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbefbc1f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/lib/sbmh.js
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+  Based heavily on the Streaming Boyer-Moore-Horspool C++ implementation
+  by Hongli Lai at: https://github.com/FooBarWidget/boyer-moore-horspool
+*/
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter,
+    inherits = require('util').inherits;
+
+function jsmemcmp(buf1, pos1, buf2, pos2, num) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < num; ++i, ++pos1, ++pos2)
+    if (buf1[pos1] !== buf2[pos2])
+      return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+function SBMH(needle) {
+  if (typeof needle === 'string')
+    needle = new Buffer(needle);
+  var i, j, needle_len = needle.length;
+
+  this.maxMatches = Infinity;
+  this.matches = 0;
+
+  this._occ = new Array(256);
+  this._lookbehind_size = 0;
+  this._needle = needle;
+  this._bufpos = 0;
+
+  this._lookbehind = new Buffer(needle_len);
+
+  // Initialize occurrence table.
+  for (j = 0; j < 256; ++j)
+    this._occ[j] = needle_len;
+
+  // Populate occurrence table with analysis of the needle,
+  // ignoring last letter.
+  if (needle_len >= 1) {
+    for (i = 0; i < needle_len - 1; ++i)
+      this._occ[needle[i]] = needle_len - 1 - i;
+  }
+}
+inherits(SBMH, EventEmitter);
+
+SBMH.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this._lookbehind_size = 0;
+  this.matches = 0;
+  this._bufpos = 0;
+};
+
+SBMH.prototype.push = function(chunk, pos) {
+  var r, chlen;
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(chunk))
+    chunk = new Buffer(chunk, 'binary');
+  chlen = chunk.length;
+  this._bufpos = pos || 0;
+  while (r !== chlen && this.matches < this.maxMatches)
+    r = this._sbmh_feed(chunk);
+  return r;
+};
+
+SBMH.prototype._sbmh_feed = function(data) {
+  var len = data.length, needle = this._needle, needle_len = needle.length;
+
+  // Positive: points to a position in `data`
+  //           pos == 3 points to data[3]
+  // Negative: points to a position in the lookbehind buffer
+  //           pos == -2 points to lookbehind[lookbehind_size - 2]
+  var pos = -this._lookbehind_size,
+      last_needle_char = needle[needle_len - 1],
+      occ = this._occ,
+      lookbehind = this._lookbehind;
+
+  if (pos < 0) {
+    // Lookbehind buffer is not empty. Perform Boyer-Moore-Horspool
+    // search with character lookup code that considers both the
+    // lookbehind buffer and the current round's haystack data.
+    //
+    // Loop until
+    //   there is a match.
+    // or until
+    //   we've moved past the position that requires the
+    //   lookbehind buffer. In this case we switch to the
+    //   optimized loop.
+    // or until
+    //   the character to look at lies outside the haystack.
+    while (pos < 0 && pos <= len - needle_len) {
+       var ch = this._sbmh_lookup_char(data, pos + needle_len - 1);
+
+      if (ch === last_needle_char
+          && this._sbmh_memcmp(data, pos, needle_len - 1)) {
+        this._lookbehind_size = 0;
+        ++this.matches;
+        if (pos > -this._lookbehind_size)
+          this.emit('info', true, lookbehind, 0, this._lookbehind_size + pos);
+        else
+          this.emit('info', true);
+
+        this._bufpos = pos + needle_len;
+        return pos + needle_len;
+      } else
+        pos += occ[ch];
+    }
+
+    // No match.
+
+    if (pos < 0) {
+      // There's too few data for Boyer-Moore-Horspool to run,
+      // so let's use a different algorithm to skip as much as
+      // we can.
+      // Forward pos until
+      //   the trailing part of lookbehind + data
+      //   looks like the beginning of the needle
+      // or until
+      //   pos == 0
+      while (pos < 0 && !this._sbmh_memcmp(data, pos, len - pos))
+        pos++;
+    }
+
+    if (pos >= 0) {
+      // Discard lookbehind buffer.
+      this.emit('info', false, lookbehind, 0, this._lookbehind_size);
+      this._lookbehind_size = 0;
+    } else {
+      // Cut off part of the lookbehind buffer that has
+      // been processed and append the entire haystack
+      // into it.
+      var bytesToCutOff = this._lookbehind_size + pos;
+
+      if (bytesToCutOff > 0) {
+        // The cut off data is guaranteed not to contain the needle.
+        this.emit('info', false, lookbehind, 0, bytesToCutOff);
+      }
+
+      lookbehind.copy(lookbehind, 0, bytesToCutOff,
+                      this._lookbehind_size - bytesToCutOff);
+      this._lookbehind_size -= bytesToCutOff;
+
+      data.copy(lookbehind, this._lookbehind_size);
+      this._lookbehind_size += len;
+
+      this._bufpos = len;
+      return len;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pos >= 0)
+    pos += this._bufpos;
+
+  // Lookbehind buffer is now empty. Perform Boyer-Moore-Horspool
+  // search with optimized character lookup code that only considers
+  // the current round's haystack data.
+  while (pos <= len - needle_len) {
+    var ch = data[pos + needle_len - 1];
+
+    if (ch === last_needle_char
+        && data[pos] === needle[0]
+        && jsmemcmp(needle, 0, data, pos, needle_len - 1)) {
+      ++this.matches;
+      if (pos > 0)
+        this.emit('info', true, data, this._bufpos, pos);
+      else
+        this.emit('info', true);
+
+      this._bufpos = pos + needle_len;
+      return pos + needle_len;
+    } else
+      pos += occ[ch];
+  }
+
+  // There was no match. If there's trailing haystack data that we cannot
+  // match yet using the Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm (because the trailing
+  // data is less than the needle size) then match using a modified
+  // algorithm that starts matching from the beginning instead of the end.
+  // Whatever trailing data is left after running this algorithm is added to
+  // the lookbehind buffer.
+  if (pos < len) {
+    while (pos < len && (data[pos] !== needle[0]
+                         || !jsmemcmp(data, pos, needle, 0, len - pos))) {
+      ++pos;
+    }
+    if (pos < len) {
+      data.copy(lookbehind, 0, pos, pos + (len - pos));
+      this._lookbehind_size = len - pos;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Everything until pos is guaranteed not to contain needle data.
+  if (pos > 0)
+    this.emit('info', false, data, this._bufpos, pos < len ? pos : len);
+
+  this._bufpos = len;
+  return len;
+};
+
+SBMH.prototype._sbmh_lookup_char = function(data, pos) {
+  if (pos < 0)
+    return this._lookbehind[this._lookbehind_size + pos];
+  else
+    return data[pos];
+}
+
+SBMH.prototype._sbmh_memcmp = function(data, pos, len) {
+  var i = 0;
+
+  while (i < len) {
+    if (this._sbmh_lookup_char(data, pos + i) === this._needle[i])
+      ++i;
+    else
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+module.exports = SBMH;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/package.json b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ece206e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/streamsearch/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "_from": "streamsearch@0.1.2",
+  "_id": "streamsearch@0.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-gIudDlb8Jz2Am6VzOOkpkZoanxo=",
+  "_location": "/streamsearch",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "streamsearch@0.1.2",
+    "name": "streamsearch",
+    "escapedName": "streamsearch",
+    "rawSpec": "0.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "0.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/dicer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/streamsearch/-/streamsearch-0.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "808b9d0e56fc273d809ba57338e929919a1a9f1a",
+  "_spec": "streamsearch@0.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\dicer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Brian White",
+    "email": "mscdex@mscdex.net"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/mscdex/streamsearch/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Streaming Boyer-Moore-Horspool searching for node.js",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.8.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/mscdex/streamsearch#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "stream",
+    "horspool",
+    "boyer-moore-horspool",
+    "boyer-moore",
+    "search"
+  ],
+  "licenses": [
+    {
+      "type": "MIT",
+      "url": "http://github.com/mscdex/streamsearch/raw/master/LICENSE"
+    }
+  ],
+  "main": "./lib/sbmh",
+  "name": "streamsearch",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+ssh://git@github.com/mscdex/streamsearch.git"
+  },
+  "version": "0.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string-width/index.js b/backend/node_modules/string-width/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9bec6244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string-width/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+'use strict';
+var stripAnsi = require('strip-ansi');
+var codePointAt = require('code-point-at');
+var isFullwidthCodePoint = require('is-fullwidth-code-point');
+
+// https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/blob/cff7300a578be1b10001f2d967aaedc88aee6402/lib/readline.js#L1345
+module.exports = function (str) {
+	if (typeof str !== 'string' || str.length === 0) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	var width = 0;
+
+	str = stripAnsi(str);
+
+	for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+		var code = codePointAt(str, i);
+
+		// ignore control characters
+		if (code <= 0x1f || (code >= 0x7f && code <= 0x9f)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// surrogates
+		if (code >= 0x10000) {
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		if (isFullwidthCodePoint(code)) {
+			width += 2;
+		} else {
+			width++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return width;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string-width/license b/backend/node_modules/string-width/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string-width/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string-width/package.json b/backend/node_modules/string-width/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e0f5fc1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string-width/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+{
+  "_from": "string-width@^1.0.1",
+  "_id": "string-width@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-EYvfW4zcUaKn5w0hHgfisLmxB9M=",
+  "_location": "/string-width",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "string-width@^1.0.1",
+    "name": "string-width",
+    "escapedName": "string-width",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge",
+    "/wide-align"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "118bdf5b8cdc51a2a7e70d211e07e2b0b9b107d3",
+  "_spec": "string-width@^1.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\gauge",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/string-width/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "code-point-at": "^1.0.0",
+    "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^1.0.0",
+    "strip-ansi": "^3.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Get the visual width of a string - the number of columns required to display it",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "*",
+    "xo": "*"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/string-width#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "string",
+    "str",
+    "character",
+    "char",
+    "unicode",
+    "width",
+    "visual",
+    "column",
+    "columns",
+    "fullwidth",
+    "full-width",
+    "full",
+    "ansi",
+    "escape",
+    "codes",
+    "cli",
+    "command-line",
+    "terminal",
+    "console",
+    "cjk",
+    "chinese",
+    "japanese",
+    "korean",
+    "fixed-width"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "string-width",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/sindresorhus/string-width.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "xo && ava"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string-width/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/string-width/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ab42c935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string-width/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# string-width [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/string-width.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/string-width)
+
+> Get the visual width of a string - the number of columns required to display it
+
+Some Unicode characters are [fullwidth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms) and use double the normal width. [ANSI escape codes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code) are stripped and doesn't affect the width.
+
+Useful to be able to measure the actual width of command-line output.
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save string-width
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+const stringWidth = require('string-width');
+
+stringWidth('古');
+//=> 2
+
+stringWidth('\u001b[1m古\u001b[22m');
+//=> 2
+
+stringWidth('a');
+//=> 1
+```
+
+
+## Related
+
+- [string-width-cli](https://github.com/sindresorhus/string-width-cli) - CLI for this module
+- [string-length](https://github.com/sindresorhus/string-length) - Get the real length of a string
+- [widest-line](https://github.com/sindresorhus/widest-line) - Get the visual width of the widest line in a string
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](https://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3347a7254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+sudo: false
+language: node_js
+before_install:
+  - npm install -g npm@2
+  - test $NPM_LEGACY && npm install -g npm@latest-3 || npm install npm -g
+notifications:
+  email: false
+matrix:
+  fast_finish: true
+  include:
+  - node_js: '0.8'
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: '0.10'
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: '0.11'
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: '0.12'
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 1
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 2
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 3
+    env:
+      - TASK=test
+      - NPM_LEGACY=true
+  - node_js: 4
+    env: TASK=test
+  - node_js: 5
+    env: TASK=test
+  - node_js: 6
+    env: TASK=test
+  - node_js: 7
+    env: TASK=test
+  - node_js: 8
+    env: TASK=test
+  - node_js: 9
+    env: TASK=test
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..778edb207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Node.js is licensed for use as follows:
+
+"""
+Copyright Node.js contributors. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+This license applies to parts of Node.js originating from the
+https://github.com/joyent/node repository:
+
+"""
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fd58315e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# string_decoder
+
+***Node-core v8.9.4 string_decoder for userland***
+
+
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/string_decoder.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/string_decoder/)
+[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/string_decoder.png?&months=6&height=3)](https://nodei.co/npm/string_decoder/)
+
+
+```bash
+npm install --save string_decoder
+```
+
+***Node-core string_decoder for userland***
+
+This package is a mirror of the string_decoder implementation in Node-core.
+
+Full documentation may be found on the [Node.js website](https://nodejs.org/dist/v8.9.4/docs/api/).
+
+As of version 1.0.0 **string_decoder** uses semantic versioning.
+
+## Previous versions
+
+Previous version numbers match the versions found in Node core, e.g. 0.10.24 matches Node 0.10.24, likewise 0.11.10 matches Node 0.11.10.
+
+## Update
+
+The *build/* directory contains a build script that will scrape the source from the [nodejs/node](https://github.com/nodejs/node) repo given a specific Node version.
+
+## Streams Working Group
+
+`string_decoder` is maintained by the Streams Working Group, which
+oversees the development and maintenance of the Streams API within
+Node.js. The responsibilities of the Streams Working Group include:
+
+* Addressing stream issues on the Node.js issue tracker.
+* Authoring and editing stream documentation within the Node.js project.
+* Reviewing changes to stream subclasses within the Node.js project.
+* Redirecting changes to streams from the Node.js project to this
+  project.
+* Assisting in the implementation of stream providers within Node.js.
+* Recommending versions of `readable-stream` to be included in Node.js.
+* Messaging about the future of streams to give the community advance
+  notice of changes.
+
+See [readable-stream](https://github.com/nodejs/readable-stream) for
+more details.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/lib/string_decoder.js b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/lib/string_decoder.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e89e63f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/lib/string_decoder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+'use strict';
+
+/*<replacement>*/
+
+var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer;
+/*</replacement>*/
+
+var isEncoding = Buffer.isEncoding || function (encoding) {
+  encoding = '' + encoding;
+  switch (encoding && encoding.toLowerCase()) {
+    case 'hex':case 'utf8':case 'utf-8':case 'ascii':case 'binary':case 'base64':case 'ucs2':case 'ucs-2':case 'utf16le':case 'utf-16le':case 'raw':
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+};
+
+function _normalizeEncoding(enc) {
+  if (!enc) return 'utf8';
+  var retried;
+  while (true) {
+    switch (enc) {
+      case 'utf8':
+      case 'utf-8':
+        return 'utf8';
+      case 'ucs2':
+      case 'ucs-2':
+      case 'utf16le':
+      case 'utf-16le':
+        return 'utf16le';
+      case 'latin1':
+      case 'binary':
+        return 'latin1';
+      case 'base64':
+      case 'ascii':
+      case 'hex':
+        return enc;
+      default:
+        if (retried) return; // undefined
+        enc = ('' + enc).toLowerCase();
+        retried = true;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Do not cache `Buffer.isEncoding` when checking encoding names as some
+// modules monkey-patch it to support additional encodings
+function normalizeEncoding(enc) {
+  var nenc = _normalizeEncoding(enc);
+  if (typeof nenc !== 'string' && (Buffer.isEncoding === isEncoding || !isEncoding(enc))) throw new Error('Unknown encoding: ' + enc);
+  return nenc || enc;
+}
+
+// StringDecoder provides an interface for efficiently splitting a series of
+// buffers into a series of JS strings without breaking apart multi-byte
+// characters.
+exports.StringDecoder = StringDecoder;
+function StringDecoder(encoding) {
+  this.encoding = normalizeEncoding(encoding);
+  var nb;
+  switch (this.encoding) {
+    case 'utf16le':
+      this.text = utf16Text;
+      this.end = utf16End;
+      nb = 4;
+      break;
+    case 'utf8':
+      this.fillLast = utf8FillLast;
+      nb = 4;
+      break;
+    case 'base64':
+      this.text = base64Text;
+      this.end = base64End;
+      nb = 3;
+      break;
+    default:
+      this.write = simpleWrite;
+      this.end = simpleEnd;
+      return;
+  }
+  this.lastNeed = 0;
+  this.lastTotal = 0;
+  this.lastChar = Buffer.allocUnsafe(nb);
+}
+
+StringDecoder.prototype.write = function (buf) {
+  if (buf.length === 0) return '';
+  var r;
+  var i;
+  if (this.lastNeed) {
+    r = this.fillLast(buf);
+    if (r === undefined) return '';
+    i = this.lastNeed;
+    this.lastNeed = 0;
+  } else {
+    i = 0;
+  }
+  if (i < buf.length) return r ? r + this.text(buf, i) : this.text(buf, i);
+  return r || '';
+};
+
+StringDecoder.prototype.end = utf8End;
+
+// Returns only complete characters in a Buffer
+StringDecoder.prototype.text = utf8Text;
+
+// Attempts to complete a partial non-UTF-8 character using bytes from a Buffer
+StringDecoder.prototype.fillLast = function (buf) {
+  if (this.lastNeed <= buf.length) {
+    buf.copy(this.lastChar, this.lastTotal - this.lastNeed, 0, this.lastNeed);
+    return this.lastChar.toString(this.encoding, 0, this.lastTotal);
+  }
+  buf.copy(this.lastChar, this.lastTotal - this.lastNeed, 0, buf.length);
+  this.lastNeed -= buf.length;
+};
+
+// Checks the type of a UTF-8 byte, whether it's ASCII, a leading byte, or a
+// continuation byte. If an invalid byte is detected, -2 is returned.
+function utf8CheckByte(byte) {
+  if (byte <= 0x7F) return 0;else if (byte >> 5 === 0x06) return 2;else if (byte >> 4 === 0x0E) return 3;else if (byte >> 3 === 0x1E) return 4;
+  return byte >> 6 === 0x02 ? -1 : -2;
+}
+
+// Checks at most 3 bytes at the end of a Buffer in order to detect an
+// incomplete multi-byte UTF-8 character. The total number of bytes (2, 3, or 4)
+// needed to complete the UTF-8 character (if applicable) are returned.
+function utf8CheckIncomplete(self, buf, i) {
+  var j = buf.length - 1;
+  if (j < i) return 0;
+  var nb = utf8CheckByte(buf[j]);
+  if (nb >= 0) {
+    if (nb > 0) self.lastNeed = nb - 1;
+    return nb;
+  }
+  if (--j < i || nb === -2) return 0;
+  nb = utf8CheckByte(buf[j]);
+  if (nb >= 0) {
+    if (nb > 0) self.lastNeed = nb - 2;
+    return nb;
+  }
+  if (--j < i || nb === -2) return 0;
+  nb = utf8CheckByte(buf[j]);
+  if (nb >= 0) {
+    if (nb > 0) {
+      if (nb === 2) nb = 0;else self.lastNeed = nb - 3;
+    }
+    return nb;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Validates as many continuation bytes for a multi-byte UTF-8 character as
+// needed or are available. If we see a non-continuation byte where we expect
+// one, we "replace" the validated continuation bytes we've seen so far with
+// a single UTF-8 replacement character ('\ufffd'), to match v8's UTF-8 decoding
+// behavior. The continuation byte check is included three times in the case
+// where all of the continuation bytes for a character exist in the same buffer.
+// It is also done this way as a slight performance increase instead of using a
+// loop.
+function utf8CheckExtraBytes(self, buf, p) {
+  if ((buf[0] & 0xC0) !== 0x80) {
+    self.lastNeed = 0;
+    return '\ufffd';
+  }
+  if (self.lastNeed > 1 && buf.length > 1) {
+    if ((buf[1] & 0xC0) !== 0x80) {
+      self.lastNeed = 1;
+      return '\ufffd';
+    }
+    if (self.lastNeed > 2 && buf.length > 2) {
+      if ((buf[2] & 0xC0) !== 0x80) {
+        self.lastNeed = 2;
+        return '\ufffd';
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Attempts to complete a multi-byte UTF-8 character using bytes from a Buffer.
+function utf8FillLast(buf) {
+  var p = this.lastTotal - this.lastNeed;
+  var r = utf8CheckExtraBytes(this, buf, p);
+  if (r !== undefined) return r;
+  if (this.lastNeed <= buf.length) {
+    buf.copy(this.lastChar, p, 0, this.lastNeed);
+    return this.lastChar.toString(this.encoding, 0, this.lastTotal);
+  }
+  buf.copy(this.lastChar, p, 0, buf.length);
+  this.lastNeed -= buf.length;
+}
+
+// Returns all complete UTF-8 characters in a Buffer. If the Buffer ended on a
+// partial character, the character's bytes are buffered until the required
+// number of bytes are available.
+function utf8Text(buf, i) {
+  var total = utf8CheckIncomplete(this, buf, i);
+  if (!this.lastNeed) return buf.toString('utf8', i);
+  this.lastTotal = total;
+  var end = buf.length - (total - this.lastNeed);
+  buf.copy(this.lastChar, 0, end);
+  return buf.toString('utf8', i, end);
+}
+
+// For UTF-8, a replacement character is added when ending on a partial
+// character.
+function utf8End(buf) {
+  var r = buf && buf.length ? this.write(buf) : '';
+  if (this.lastNeed) return r + '\ufffd';
+  return r;
+}
+
+// UTF-16LE typically needs two bytes per character, but even if we have an even
+// number of bytes available, we need to check if we end on a leading/high
+// surrogate. In that case, we need to wait for the next two bytes in order to
+// decode the last character properly.
+function utf16Text(buf, i) {
+  if ((buf.length - i) % 2 === 0) {
+    var r = buf.toString('utf16le', i);
+    if (r) {
+      var c = r.charCodeAt(r.length - 1);
+      if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF) {
+        this.lastNeed = 2;
+        this.lastTotal = 4;
+        this.lastChar[0] = buf[buf.length - 2];
+        this.lastChar[1] = buf[buf.length - 1];
+        return r.slice(0, -1);
+      }
+    }
+    return r;
+  }
+  this.lastNeed = 1;
+  this.lastTotal = 2;
+  this.lastChar[0] = buf[buf.length - 1];
+  return buf.toString('utf16le', i, buf.length - 1);
+}
+
+// For UTF-16LE we do not explicitly append special replacement characters if we
+// end on a partial character, we simply let v8 handle that.
+function utf16End(buf) {
+  var r = buf && buf.length ? this.write(buf) : '';
+  if (this.lastNeed) {
+    var end = this.lastTotal - this.lastNeed;
+    return r + this.lastChar.toString('utf16le', 0, end);
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+function base64Text(buf, i) {
+  var n = (buf.length - i) % 3;
+  if (n === 0) return buf.toString('base64', i);
+  this.lastNeed = 3 - n;
+  this.lastTotal = 3;
+  if (n === 1) {
+    this.lastChar[0] = buf[buf.length - 1];
+  } else {
+    this.lastChar[0] = buf[buf.length - 2];
+    this.lastChar[1] = buf[buf.length - 1];
+  }
+  return buf.toString('base64', i, buf.length - n);
+}
+
+function base64End(buf) {
+  var r = buf && buf.length ? this.write(buf) : '';
+  if (this.lastNeed) return r + this.lastChar.toString('base64', 0, 3 - this.lastNeed);
+  return r;
+}
+
+// Pass bytes on through for single-byte encodings (e.g. ascii, latin1, hex)
+function simpleWrite(buf) {
+  return buf.toString(this.encoding);
+}
+
+function simpleEnd(buf) {
+  return buf && buf.length ? this.write(buf) : '';
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f0ded4be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/string_decoder/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "_from": "string_decoder@~1.1.1",
+  "_id": "string_decoder@1.1.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-n/ShnvDi6FHbbVfviro+WojiFzv+s8MPMHBczVePfUpDJLwoLT0ht1l4YwBCbi8pJAveEEdnkHyPyTP/mzRfwg==",
+  "_location": "/string_decoder",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "string_decoder@~1.1.1",
+    "name": "string_decoder",
+    "escapedName": "string_decoder",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-1.1.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "9cf1611ba62685d7030ae9e4ba34149c3af03fc8",
+  "_spec": "string_decoder@~1.1.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/string_decoder/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "safe-buffer": "~5.1.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The string_decoder module from Node core",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "babel-polyfill": "^6.23.0",
+    "core-util-is": "^1.0.2",
+    "inherits": "^2.0.3",
+    "tap": "~0.4.8"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/nodejs/string_decoder",
+  "keywords": [
+    "string",
+    "decoder",
+    "browser",
+    "browserify"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "lib/string_decoder.js",
+  "name": "string_decoder",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/nodejs/string_decoder.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "ci": "tap test/parallel/*.js test/ours/*.js --tap | tee test.tap && node test/verify-dependencies.js",
+    "test": "tap test/parallel/*.js && node test/verify-dependencies"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..099480fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+'use strict';
+var ansiRegex = require('ansi-regex')();
+
+module.exports = function (str) {
+	return typeof str === 'string' ? str.replace(ansiRegex, '') : str;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/license b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/license
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d0bfe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/license
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/package.json b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f5326520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+  "_from": "strip-ansi@^3.0.1",
+  "_id": "strip-ansi@3.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-ajhfuIU9lS1f8F0Oiq+UJ43GPc8=",
+  "_location": "/strip-ansi",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "strip-ansi@^3.0.1",
+    "name": "strip-ansi",
+    "escapedName": "strip-ansi",
+    "rawSpec": "^3.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^3.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge",
+    "/string-width"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-3.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "6a385fb8853d952d5ff05d0e8aaf94278dc63dcf",
+  "_spec": "strip-ansi@^3.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\gauge",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+    "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+    "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/chalk/strip-ansi/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ansi-regex": "^2.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Strip ANSI escape codes",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "ava": "*",
+    "xo": "*"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/chalk/strip-ansi#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "strip",
+    "trim",
+    "remove",
+    "ansi",
+    "styles",
+    "color",
+    "colour",
+    "colors",
+    "terminal",
+    "console",
+    "string",
+    "tty",
+    "escape",
+    "formatting",
+    "rgb",
+    "256",
+    "shell",
+    "xterm",
+    "log",
+    "logging",
+    "command-line",
+    "text"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "maintainers": [
+    {
+      "name": "Sindre Sorhus",
+      "email": "sindresorhus@gmail.com",
+      "url": "sindresorhus.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Joshua Boy Nicolai Appelman",
+      "email": "joshua@jbna.nl",
+      "url": "jbna.nl"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "JD Ballard",
+      "email": "i.am.qix@gmail.com",
+      "url": "github.com/qix-"
+    }
+  ],
+  "name": "strip-ansi",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/chalk/strip-ansi.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "xo && ava"
+  },
+  "version": "3.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/readme.md b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb7d9ff7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/strip-ansi/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# strip-ansi [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/chalk/strip-ansi.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/chalk/strip-ansi)
+
+> Strip [ANSI escape codes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code)
+
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install --save strip-ansi
+```
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+var stripAnsi = require('strip-ansi');
+
+stripAnsi('\u001b[4mcake\u001b[0m');
+//=> 'cake'
+```
+
+
+## Related
+
+- [strip-ansi-cli](https://github.com/chalk/strip-ansi-cli) - CLI for this module
+- [has-ansi](https://github.com/chalk/has-ansi) - Check if a string has ANSI escape codes
+- [ansi-regex](https://github.com/chalk/ansi-regex) - Regular expression for matching ANSI escape codes
+- [chalk](https://github.com/chalk/chalk) - Terminal string styling done right
+
+
+## License
+
+MIT © [Sindre Sorhus](http://sindresorhus.com)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/CHANGELOG.md b/backend/node_modules/tar/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9373401b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## 6.0
+
+- Drop support for node 6 and 8
+- fix symlinks and hardlinks on windows being packed with `\`-style path
+  targets
+
+## 5.0
+
+- Address unpack race conditions using path reservations
+- Change large-numbers errors from TypeError to Error
+- Add `TAR_*` error codes
+- Raise `TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE` warning/error when there are no valid entries
+  found in an archive
+- do not treat ignored entries as an invalid archive
+- drop support for node v4
+- unpack: conditionally use a file mapping to write files on Windows
+- Set more portable 'mode' value in portable mode
+- Set `portable` gzip option in portable mode
+
+## 4.4
+
+- Add 'mtime' option to tar creation to force mtime
+- unpack: only reuse file fs entries if nlink = 1
+- unpack: rename before unlinking files on Windows
+- Fix encoding/decoding of base-256 numbers
+- Use `stat` instead of `lstat` when checking CWD
+- Always provide a callback to fs.close()
+
+## 4.3
+
+- Add 'transform' unpack option
+
+## 4.2
+
+- Fail when zlib fails
+
+## 4.1
+
+- Add noMtime flag for tar creation
+
+## 4.0
+
+- unpack: raise error if cwd is missing or not a dir
+- pack: don't drop dots from dotfiles when prefixing
+
+## 3.1
+
+- Support `@file.tar` as an entry argument to copy entries from one tar
+  file to another.
+- Add `noPax` option
+- `noResume` option for tar.t
+- win32: convert `>|<?:` chars to windows-friendly form
+- Exclude mtime for dirs in portable mode
+
+## 3.0
+
+- Minipass-based implementation
+- Entirely new API surface, `tar.c()`, `tar.x()` etc., much closer to
+  system tar semantics
+- Massive performance improvement
+- Require node 4.x and higher
+
+## 0.x, 1.x, 2.x - 2011-2014
+
+- fstream-based implementation
+- slow and kinda bad, but better than npm shelling out to the system `tar`
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/tar/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/README.md b/backend/node_modules/tar/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42afb1aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@
+# node-tar
+
+[Fast](./benchmarks) and full-featured Tar for Node.js
+
+The API is designed to mimic the behavior of `tar(1)` on unix systems.
+If you are familiar with how tar works, most of this will hopefully be
+straightforward for you.  If not, then hopefully this module can teach
+you useful unix skills that may come in handy someday :)
+
+## Background
+
+A "tar file" or "tarball" is an archive of file system entries
+(directories, files, links, etc.)  The name comes from "tape archive".
+If you run `man tar` on almost any Unix command line, you'll learn
+quite a bit about what it can do, and its history.
+
+Tar has 5 main top-level commands:
+
+* `c` Create an archive
+* `r` Replace entries within an archive
+* `u` Update entries within an archive (ie, replace if they're newer)
+* `t` List out the contents of an archive
+* `x` Extract an archive to disk
+
+The other flags and options modify how this top level function works.
+
+## High-Level API
+
+These 5 functions are the high-level API.  All of them have a
+single-character name (for unix nerds familiar with `tar(1)`) as well
+as a long name (for everyone else).
+
+All the high-level functions take the following arguments, all three
+of which are optional and may be omitted.
+
+1. `options` - An optional object specifying various options
+2. `paths` - An array of paths to add or extract
+3. `callback` - Called when the command is completed, if async.  (If
+   sync or no file specified, providing a callback throws a
+   `TypeError`.)
+
+If the command is sync (ie, if `options.sync=true`), then the
+callback is not allowed, since the action will be completed immediately.
+
+If a `file` argument is specified, and the command is async, then a
+`Promise` is returned.  In this case, if async, a callback may be
+provided which is called when the command is completed.
+
+If a `file` option is not specified, then a stream is returned.  For
+`create`, this is a readable stream of the generated archive.  For
+`list` and `extract` this is a writable stream that an archive should
+be written into.  If a file is not specified, then a callback is not
+allowed, because you're already getting a stream to work with.
+
+`replace` and `update` only work on existing archives, and so require
+a `file` argument.
+
+Sync commands without a file argument return a stream that acts on its
+input immediately in the same tick.  For readable streams, this means
+that all of the data is immediately available by calling
+`stream.read()`.  For writable streams, it will be acted upon as soon
+as it is provided, but this can be at any time.
+
+### Warnings and Errors
+
+Tar emits warnings and errors for recoverable and unrecoverable situations,
+respectively.  In many cases, a warning only affects a single entry in an
+archive, or is simply informing you that it's modifying an entry to comply
+with the settings provided.
+
+Unrecoverable warnings will always raise an error (ie, emit `'error'` on
+streaming actions, throw for non-streaming sync actions, reject the
+returned Promise for non-streaming async operations, or call a provided
+callback with an `Error` as the first argument).  Recoverable errors will
+raise an error only if `strict: true` is set in the options.
+
+Respond to (recoverable) warnings by listening to the `warn` event.
+Handlers receive 3 arguments:
+
+- `code` String.  One of the error codes below.  This may not match
+  `data.code`, which preserves the original error code from fs and zlib.
+- `message` String.  More details about the error.
+- `data` Metadata about the error.  An `Error` object for errors raised by
+  fs and zlib.  All fields are attached to errors raisd by tar.  Typically
+  contains the following fields, as relevant:
+  - `tarCode` The tar error code.
+  - `code` Either the tar error code, or the error code set by the
+    underlying system.
+  - `file` The archive file being read or written.
+  - `cwd` Working directory for creation and extraction operations.
+  - `entry` The entry object (if it could be created) for `TAR_ENTRY_INFO`,
+    `TAR_ENTRY_INVALID`, and `TAR_ENTRY_ERROR` warnings.
+  - `header` The header object (if it could be created, and the entry could
+    not be created) for `TAR_ENTRY_INFO` and `TAR_ENTRY_INVALID` warnings.
+  - `recoverable` Boolean.  If `false`, then the warning will emit an
+    `error`, even in non-strict mode.
+
+#### Error Codes
+
+* `TAR_ENTRY_INFO`  An informative error indicating that an entry is being
+  modified, but otherwise processed normally.  For example, removing `/` or
+  `C:\` from absolute paths if `preservePaths` is not set.
+
+* `TAR_ENTRY_INVALID` An indication that a given entry is not a valid tar
+  archive entry, and will be skipped.  This occurs when:
+  - a checksum fails,
+  - a `linkpath` is missing for a link type, or
+  - a `linkpath` is provided for a non-link type.
+
+  If every entry in a parsed archive raises an `TAR_ENTRY_INVALID` error,
+  then the archive is presumed to be unrecoverably broken, and
+  `TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE` will be raised.
+
+* `TAR_ENTRY_ERROR` The entry appears to be a valid tar archive entry, but
+  encountered an error which prevented it from being unpacked.  This occurs
+  when:
+  - an unrecoverable fs error happens during unpacking,
+  - an entry has `..` in the path and `preservePaths` is not set, or
+  - an entry is extracting through a symbolic link, when `preservePaths` is
+    not set.
+
+* `TAR_ENTRY_UNSUPPORTED`  An indication that a given entry is
+  a valid archive entry, but of a type that is unsupported, and so will be
+  skipped in archive creation or extracting.
+
+* `TAR_ABORT`  When parsing gzipped-encoded archives, the parser will
+  abort the parse process raise a warning for any zlib errors encountered.
+  Aborts are considered unrecoverable for both parsing and unpacking.
+
+* `TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE`  The archive file is totally hosed.  This can happen for
+  a number of reasons, and always occurs at the end of a parse or extract:
+
+  - An entry body was truncated before seeing the full number of bytes.
+  - The archive contained only invalid entries, indicating that it is
+    likely not an archive, or at least, not an archive this library can
+    parse.
+
+  `TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE` is considered informative for parse operations, but
+  unrecoverable for extraction.  Note that, if encountered at the end of an
+  extraction, tar WILL still have extracted as much it could from the
+  archive, so there may be some garbage files to clean up.
+
+Errors that occur deeper in the system (ie, either the filesystem or zlib)
+will have their error codes left intact, and a `tarCode` matching one of
+the above will be added to the warning metadata or the raised error object.
+
+Errors generated by tar will have one of the above codes set as the
+`error.code` field as well, but since errors originating in zlib or fs will
+have their original codes, it's better to read `error.tarCode` if you wish
+to see how tar is handling the issue.
+
+### Examples
+
+The API mimics the `tar(1)` command line functionality, with aliases
+for more human-readable option and function names.  The goal is that
+if you know how to use `tar(1)` in Unix, then you know how to use
+`require('tar')` in JavaScript.
+
+To replicate `tar czf my-tarball.tgz files and folders`, you'd do:
+
+```js
+tar.c(
+  {
+    gzip: <true|gzip options>,
+    file: 'my-tarball.tgz'
+  },
+  ['some', 'files', 'and', 'folders']
+).then(_ => { .. tarball has been created .. })
+```
+
+To replicate `tar cz files and folders > my-tarball.tgz`, you'd do:
+
+```js
+tar.c( // or tar.create
+  {
+    gzip: <true|gzip options>
+  },
+  ['some', 'files', 'and', 'folders']
+).pipe(fs.createWriteStream('my-tarball.tgz'))
+```
+
+To replicate `tar xf my-tarball.tgz` you'd do:
+
+```js
+tar.x(  // or tar.extract(
+  {
+    file: 'my-tarball.tgz'
+  }
+).then(_=> { .. tarball has been dumped in cwd .. })
+```
+
+To replicate `cat my-tarball.tgz | tar x -C some-dir --strip=1`:
+
+```js
+fs.createReadStream('my-tarball.tgz').pipe(
+  tar.x({
+    strip: 1,
+    C: 'some-dir' // alias for cwd:'some-dir', also ok
+  })
+)
+```
+
+To replicate `tar tf my-tarball.tgz`, do this:
+
+```js
+tar.t({
+  file: 'my-tarball.tgz',
+  onentry: entry => { .. do whatever with it .. }
+})
+```
+
+To replicate `cat my-tarball.tgz | tar t` do:
+
+```js
+fs.createReadStream('my-tarball.tgz')
+  .pipe(tar.t())
+  .on('entry', entry => { .. do whatever with it .. })
+```
+
+To do anything synchronous, add `sync: true` to the options.  Note
+that sync functions don't take a callback and don't return a promise.
+When the function returns, it's already done.  Sync methods without a
+file argument return a sync stream, which flushes immediately.  But,
+of course, it still won't be done until you `.end()` it.
+
+To filter entries, add `filter: <function>` to the options.
+Tar-creating methods call the filter with `filter(path, stat)`.
+Tar-reading methods (including extraction) call the filter with
+`filter(path, entry)`.  The filter is called in the `this`-context of
+the `Pack` or `Unpack` stream object.
+
+The arguments list to `tar t` and `tar x` specify a list of filenames
+to extract or list, so they're equivalent to a filter that tests if
+the file is in the list.
+
+For those who _aren't_ fans of tar's single-character command names:
+
+```
+tar.c === tar.create
+tar.r === tar.replace (appends to archive, file is required)
+tar.u === tar.update (appends if newer, file is required)
+tar.x === tar.extract
+tar.t === tar.list
+```
+
+Keep reading for all the command descriptions and options, as well as
+the low-level API that they are built on.
+
+### tar.c(options, fileList, callback) [alias: tar.create]
+
+Create a tarball archive.
+
+The `fileList` is an array of paths to add to the tarball.  Adding a
+directory also adds its children recursively.
+
+An entry in `fileList` that starts with an `@` symbol is a tar archive
+whose entries will be added.  To add a file that starts with `@`,
+prepend it with `./`.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `file` Write the tarball archive to the specified filename.  If this
+  is specified, then the callback will be fired when the file has been
+  written, and a promise will be returned that resolves when the file
+  is written.  If a filename is not specified, then a Readable Stream
+  will be returned which will emit the file data. [Alias: `f`]
+- `sync` Act synchronously.  If this is set, then any provided file
+  will be fully written after the call to `tar.c`.  If this is set,
+  and a file is not provided, then the resulting stream will already
+  have the data ready to `read` or `emit('data')` as soon as you
+  request it.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `cwd` The current working directory for creating the archive.
+  Defaults to `process.cwd()`.  [Alias: `C`]
+- `prefix` A path portion to prefix onto the entries in the archive.
+- `gzip` Set to any truthy value to create a gzipped archive, or an
+  object with settings for `zlib.Gzip()` [Alias: `z`]
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, stat)` for each
+  entry being added.  Return `true` to add the entry to the archive,
+  or `false` to omit it.
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths. [Alias: `P`]
+- `mode` The mode to set on the created file archive
+- `noDirRecurse` Do not recursively archive the contents of
+  directories. [Alias: `n`]
+- `follow` Set to true to pack the targets of symbolic links.  Without
+  this option, symbolic links are archived as such. [Alias: `L`, `h`]
+- `noPax` Suppress pax extended headers.  Note that this means that
+  long paths and linkpaths will be truncated, and large or negative
+  numeric values may be interpreted incorrectly.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+  [Alias: `m`, `no-mtime`]
+- `mtime` Set to a `Date` object to force a specific `mtime` for
+  everything added to the archive.  Overridden by `noMtime`.
+
+The following options are mostly internal, but can be modified in some
+advanced use cases, such as re-using caches between runs.
+
+- `linkCache` A Map object containing the device and inode value for
+  any file whose nlink is > 1, to identify hard links.
+- `statCache` A Map object that caches calls `lstat`.
+- `readdirCache` A Map object that caches calls to `readdir`.
+- `jobs` A number specifying how many concurrent jobs to run.
+  Defaults to 4.
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 16 MB.
+
+### tar.x(options, fileList, callback) [alias: tar.extract]
+
+Extract a tarball archive.
+
+The `fileList` is an array of paths to extract from the tarball.  If
+no paths are provided, then all the entries are extracted.
+
+If the archive is gzipped, then tar will detect this and unzip it.
+
+Note that all directories that are created will be forced to be
+writable, readable, and listable by their owner, to avoid cases where
+a directory prevents extraction of child entries by virtue of its
+mode.
+
+Most extraction errors will cause a `warn` event to be emitted.  If
+the `cwd` is missing, or not a directory, then the extraction will
+fail completely.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `cwd` Extract files relative to the specified directory.  Defaults
+  to `process.cwd()`.  If provided, this must exist and must be a
+  directory. [Alias: `C`]
+- `file` The archive file to extract.  If not specified, then a
+  Writable stream is returned where the archive data should be
+  written. [Alias: `f`]
+- `sync` Create files and directories synchronously.
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, entry)` for each
+  entry being unpacked.  Return `true` to unpack the entry from the
+  archive, or `false` to skip it.
+- `newer` Set to true to keep the existing file on disk if it's newer
+  than the file in the archive. [Alias: `keep-newer`,
+  `keep-newer-files`]
+- `keep` Do not overwrite existing files.  In particular, if a file
+  appears more than once in an archive, later copies will not
+  overwrite earlier copies. [Alias: `k`, `keep-existing`]
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths, paths containing `..`, and
+  extracting through symbolic links.  By default, `/` is stripped from
+  absolute paths, `..` paths are not extracted, and any file whose
+  location would be modified by a symbolic link is not extracted.
+  [Alias: `P`]
+- `unlink` Unlink files before creating them.  Without this option,
+  tar overwrites existing files, which preserves existing hardlinks.
+  With this option, existing hardlinks will be broken, as will any
+  symlink that would affect the location of an extracted file. [Alias:
+  `U`]
+- `strip` Remove the specified number of leading path elements.
+  Pathnames with fewer elements will be silently skipped.  Note that
+  the pathname is edited after applying the filter, but before
+  security checks. [Alias: `strip-components`, `stripComponents`]
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `preserveOwner` If true, tar will set the `uid` and `gid` of
+  extracted entries to the `uid` and `gid` fields in the archive.
+  This defaults to true when run as root, and false otherwise.  If
+  false, then files and directories will be set with the owner and
+  group of the user running the process.  This is similar to `-p` in
+  `tar(1)`, but ACLs and other system-specific data is never unpacked
+  in this implementation, and modes are set by default already.
+  [Alias: `p`]
+- `uid` Set to a number to force ownership of all extracted files and
+  folders, and all implicitly created directories, to be owned by the
+  specified user id, regardless of the `uid` field in the archive.
+  Cannot be used along with `preserveOwner`.  Requires also setting a
+  `gid` option.
+- `gid` Set to a number to force ownership of all extracted files and
+  folders, and all implicitly created directories, to be owned by the
+  specified group id, regardless of the `gid` field in the archive.
+  Cannot be used along with `preserveOwner`.  Requires also setting a
+  `uid` option.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` value for extracted
+  entries. [Alias: `m`, `no-mtime`]
+- `transform` Provide a function that takes an `entry` object, and
+  returns a stream, or any falsey value.  If a stream is provided,
+  then that stream's data will be written instead of the contents of
+  the archive entry.  If a falsey value is provided, then the entry is
+  written to disk as normal.  (To exclude items from extraction, use
+  the `filter` option described above.)
+- `onentry` A function that gets called with `(entry)` for each entry
+  that passes the filter.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `noChmod` Set to true to omit calling `fs.chmod()` to ensure that the
+  extracted file matches the entry mode.  This also suppresses the call to
+  `process.umask()` to determine the default umask value, since tar will
+  extract with whatever mode is provided, and let the process `umask` apply
+  normally.
+
+The following options are mostly internal, but can be modified in some
+advanced use cases, such as re-using caches between runs.
+
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 16 MB.
+- `umask` Filter the modes of entries like `process.umask()`.
+- `dmode` Default mode for directories
+- `fmode` Default mode for files
+- `dirCache` A Map object of which directories exist.
+- `maxMetaEntrySize` The maximum size of meta entries that is
+  supported.  Defaults to 1 MB.
+
+Note that using an asynchronous stream type with the `transform`
+option will cause undefined behavior in sync extractions.
+[MiniPass](http://npm.im/minipass)-based streams are designed for this
+use case.
+
+### tar.t(options, fileList, callback) [alias: tar.list]
+
+List the contents of a tarball archive.
+
+The `fileList` is an array of paths to list from the tarball.  If
+no paths are provided, then all the entries are listed.
+
+If the archive is gzipped, then tar will detect this and unzip it.
+
+Returns an event emitter that emits `entry` events with
+`tar.ReadEntry` objects.  However, they don't emit `'data'` or `'end'`
+events.  (If you want to get actual readable entries, use the
+`tar.Parse` class instead.)
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `cwd` Extract files relative to the specified directory.  Defaults
+  to `process.cwd()`. [Alias: `C`]
+- `file` The archive file to list.  If not specified, then a
+  Writable stream is returned where the archive data should be
+  written. [Alias: `f`]
+- `sync` Read the specified file synchronously.  (This has no effect
+  when a file option isn't specified, because entries are emitted as
+  fast as they are parsed from the stream anyway.)
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, entry)` for each
+  entry being listed.  Return `true` to emit the entry from the
+  archive, or `false` to skip it.
+- `onentry` A function that gets called with `(entry)` for each entry
+  that passes the filter.  This is important for when both `file` and
+  `sync` are set, because it will be called synchronously.
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 16 MB.
+- `noResume` By default, `entry` streams are resumed immediately after
+  the call to `onentry`.  Set `noResume: true` to suppress this
+  behavior.  Note that by opting into this, the stream will never
+  complete until the entry data is consumed.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+
+### tar.u(options, fileList, callback) [alias: tar.update]
+
+Add files to an archive if they are newer than the entry already in
+the tarball archive.
+
+The `fileList` is an array of paths to add to the tarball.  Adding a
+directory also adds its children recursively.
+
+An entry in `fileList` that starts with an `@` symbol is a tar archive
+whose entries will be added.  To add a file that starts with `@`,
+prepend it with `./`.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `file` Required. Write the tarball archive to the specified
+  filename. [Alias: `f`]
+- `sync` Act synchronously.  If this is set, then any provided file
+  will be fully written after the call to `tar.c`.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `cwd` The current working directory for adding entries to the
+  archive.  Defaults to `process.cwd()`.  [Alias: `C`]
+- `prefix` A path portion to prefix onto the entries in the archive.
+- `gzip` Set to any truthy value to create a gzipped archive, or an
+  object with settings for `zlib.Gzip()` [Alias: `z`]
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, stat)` for each
+  entry being added.  Return `true` to add the entry to the archive,
+  or `false` to omit it.
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths. [Alias: `P`]
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 16 MB.
+- `noDirRecurse` Do not recursively archive the contents of
+  directories. [Alias: `n`]
+- `follow` Set to true to pack the targets of symbolic links.  Without
+  this option, symbolic links are archived as such. [Alias: `L`, `h`]
+- `noPax` Suppress pax extended headers.  Note that this means that
+  long paths and linkpaths will be truncated, and large or negative
+  numeric values may be interpreted incorrectly.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+  [Alias: `m`, `no-mtime`]
+- `mtime` Set to a `Date` object to force a specific `mtime` for
+  everything added to the archive.  Overridden by `noMtime`.
+
+### tar.r(options, fileList, callback) [alias: tar.replace]
+
+Add files to an existing archive.  Because later entries override
+earlier entries, this effectively replaces any existing entries.
+
+The `fileList` is an array of paths to add to the tarball.  Adding a
+directory also adds its children recursively.
+
+An entry in `fileList` that starts with an `@` symbol is a tar archive
+whose entries will be added.  To add a file that starts with `@`,
+prepend it with `./`.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `file` Required. Write the tarball archive to the specified
+  filename. [Alias: `f`]
+- `sync` Act synchronously.  If this is set, then any provided file
+  will be fully written after the call to `tar.c`.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `cwd` The current working directory for adding entries to the
+  archive.  Defaults to `process.cwd()`.  [Alias: `C`]
+- `prefix` A path portion to prefix onto the entries in the archive.
+- `gzip` Set to any truthy value to create a gzipped archive, or an
+  object with settings for `zlib.Gzip()` [Alias: `z`]
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, stat)` for each
+  entry being added.  Return `true` to add the entry to the archive,
+  or `false` to omit it.
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths. [Alias: `P`]
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 16 MB.
+- `noDirRecurse` Do not recursively archive the contents of
+  directories. [Alias: `n`]
+- `follow` Set to true to pack the targets of symbolic links.  Without
+  this option, symbolic links are archived as such. [Alias: `L`, `h`]
+- `noPax` Suppress pax extended headers.  Note that this means that
+  long paths and linkpaths will be truncated, and large or negative
+  numeric values may be interpreted incorrectly.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+  [Alias: `m`, `no-mtime`]
+- `mtime` Set to a `Date` object to force a specific `mtime` for
+  everything added to the archive.  Overridden by `noMtime`.
+
+
+## Low-Level API
+
+### class tar.Pack
+
+A readable tar stream.
+
+Has all the standard readable stream interface stuff.  `'data'` and
+`'end'` events, `read()` method, `pause()` and `resume()`, etc.
+
+#### constructor(options)
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `cwd` The current working directory for creating the archive.
+  Defaults to `process.cwd()`.
+- `prefix` A path portion to prefix onto the entries in the archive.
+- `gzip` Set to any truthy value to create a gzipped archive, or an
+  object with settings for `zlib.Gzip()`
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, stat)` for each
+  entry being added.  Return `true` to add the entry to the archive,
+  or `false` to omit it.
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths.
+- `linkCache` A Map object containing the device and inode value for
+  any file whose nlink is > 1, to identify hard links.
+- `statCache` A Map object that caches calls `lstat`.
+- `readdirCache` A Map object that caches calls to `readdir`.
+- `jobs` A number specifying how many concurrent jobs to run.
+  Defaults to 4.
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 16 MB.
+- `noDirRecurse` Do not recursively archive the contents of
+  directories.
+- `follow` Set to true to pack the targets of symbolic links.  Without
+  this option, symbolic links are archived as such.
+- `noPax` Suppress pax extended headers.  Note that this means that
+  long paths and linkpaths will be truncated, and large or negative
+  numeric values may be interpreted incorrectly.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+- `mtime` Set to a `Date` object to force a specific `mtime` for
+  everything added to the archive.  Overridden by `noMtime`.
+
+#### add(path)
+
+Adds an entry to the archive.  Returns the Pack stream.
+
+#### write(path)
+
+Adds an entry to the archive.  Returns true if flushed.
+
+#### end()
+
+Finishes the archive.
+
+### class tar.Pack.Sync
+
+Synchronous version of `tar.Pack`.
+
+### class tar.Unpack
+
+A writable stream that unpacks a tar archive onto the file system.
+
+All the normal writable stream stuff is supported.  `write()` and
+`end()` methods, `'drain'` events, etc.
+
+Note that all directories that are created will be forced to be
+writable, readable, and listable by their owner, to avoid cases where
+a directory prevents extraction of child entries by virtue of its
+mode.
+
+`'close'` is emitted when it's done writing stuff to the file system.
+
+Most unpack errors will cause a `warn` event to be emitted.  If the
+`cwd` is missing, or not a directory, then an error will be emitted.
+
+#### constructor(options)
+
+- `cwd` Extract files relative to the specified directory.  Defaults
+  to `process.cwd()`.  If provided, this must exist and must be a
+  directory.
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, entry)` for each
+  entry being unpacked.  Return `true` to unpack the entry from the
+  archive, or `false` to skip it.
+- `newer` Set to true to keep the existing file on disk if it's newer
+  than the file in the archive.
+- `keep` Do not overwrite existing files.  In particular, if a file
+  appears more than once in an archive, later copies will not
+  overwrite earlier copies.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths, paths containing `..`, and
+  extracting through symbolic links.  By default, `/` is stripped from
+  absolute paths, `..` paths are not extracted, and any file whose
+  location would be modified by a symbolic link is not extracted.
+- `unlink` Unlink files before creating them.  Without this option,
+  tar overwrites existing files, which preserves existing hardlinks.
+  With this option, existing hardlinks will be broken, as will any
+  symlink that would affect the location of an extracted file.
+- `strip` Remove the specified number of leading path elements.
+  Pathnames with fewer elements will be silently skipped.  Note that
+  the pathname is edited after applying the filter, but before
+  security checks.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `umask` Filter the modes of entries like `process.umask()`.
+- `dmode` Default mode for directories
+- `fmode` Default mode for files
+- `dirCache` A Map object of which directories exist.
+- `maxMetaEntrySize` The maximum size of meta entries that is
+  supported.  Defaults to 1 MB.
+- `preserveOwner` If true, tar will set the `uid` and `gid` of
+  extracted entries to the `uid` and `gid` fields in the archive.
+  This defaults to true when run as root, and false otherwise.  If
+  false, then files and directories will be set with the owner and
+  group of the user running the process.  This is similar to `-p` in
+  `tar(1)`, but ACLs and other system-specific data is never unpacked
+  in this implementation, and modes are set by default already.
+- `win32` True if on a windows platform.  Causes behavior where
+  filenames containing `<|>?` chars are converted to
+  windows-compatible values while being unpacked.
+- `uid` Set to a number to force ownership of all extracted files and
+  folders, and all implicitly created directories, to be owned by the
+  specified user id, regardless of the `uid` field in the archive.
+  Cannot be used along with `preserveOwner`.  Requires also setting a
+  `gid` option.
+- `gid` Set to a number to force ownership of all extracted files and
+  folders, and all implicitly created directories, to be owned by the
+  specified group id, regardless of the `gid` field in the archive.
+  Cannot be used along with `preserveOwner`.  Requires also setting a
+  `uid` option.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` value for extracted
+  entries.
+- `transform` Provide a function that takes an `entry` object, and
+  returns a stream, or any falsey value.  If a stream is provided,
+  then that stream's data will be written instead of the contents of
+  the archive entry.  If a falsey value is provided, then the entry is
+  written to disk as normal.  (To exclude items from extraction, use
+  the `filter` option described above.)
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `onentry` A function that gets called with `(entry)` for each entry
+  that passes the filter.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `noChmod` Set to true to omit calling `fs.chmod()` to ensure that the
+  extracted file matches the entry mode.  This also suppresses the call to
+  `process.umask()` to determine the default umask value, since tar will
+  extract with whatever mode is provided, and let the process `umask` apply
+  normally.
+
+### class tar.Unpack.Sync
+
+Synchronous version of `tar.Unpack`.
+
+Note that using an asynchronous stream type with the `transform`
+option will cause undefined behavior in sync unpack streams.
+[MiniPass](http://npm.im/minipass)-based streams are designed for this
+use case.
+
+### class tar.Parse
+
+A writable stream that parses a tar archive stream.  All the standard
+writable stream stuff is supported.
+
+If the archive is gzipped, then tar will detect this and unzip it.
+
+Emits `'entry'` events with `tar.ReadEntry` objects, which are
+themselves readable streams that you can pipe wherever.
+
+Each `entry` will not emit until the one before it is flushed through,
+so make sure to either consume the data (with `on('data', ...)` or
+`.pipe(...)`) or throw it away with `.resume()` to keep the stream
+flowing.
+
+#### constructor(options)
+
+Returns an event emitter that emits `entry` events with
+`tar.ReadEntry` objects.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `filter` A function that gets called with `(path, entry)` for each
+  entry being listed.  Return `true` to emit the entry from the
+  archive, or `false` to skip it.
+- `onentry` A function that gets called with `(entry)` for each entry
+  that passes the filter.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+
+#### abort(error)
+
+Stop all parsing activities.  This is called when there are zlib
+errors.  It also emits an unrecoverable warning with the error provided.
+
+### class tar.ReadEntry extends [MiniPass](http://npm.im/minipass)
+
+A representation of an entry that is being read out of a tar archive.
+
+It has the following fields:
+
+- `extended` The extended metadata object provided to the constructor.
+- `globalExtended` The global extended metadata object provided to the
+  constructor.
+- `remain` The number of bytes remaining to be written into the
+  stream.
+- `blockRemain` The number of 512-byte blocks remaining to be written
+  into the stream.
+- `ignore` Whether this entry should be ignored.
+- `meta` True if this represents metadata about the next entry, false
+  if it represents a filesystem object.
+- All the fields from the header, extended header, and global extended
+  header are added to the ReadEntry object.  So it has `path`, `type`,
+  `size`, `mode`, and so on.
+
+#### constructor(header, extended, globalExtended)
+
+Create a new ReadEntry object with the specified header, extended
+header, and global extended header values.
+
+### class tar.WriteEntry extends [MiniPass](http://npm.im/minipass)
+
+A representation of an entry that is being written from the file
+system into a tar archive.
+
+Emits data for the Header, and for the Pax Extended Header if one is
+required, as well as any body data.
+
+Creating a WriteEntry for a directory does not also create
+WriteEntry objects for all of the directory contents.
+
+It has the following fields:
+
+- `path` The path field that will be written to the archive.  By
+  default, this is also the path from the cwd to the file system
+  object.
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `myuid` If supported, the uid of the user running the current
+  process.
+- `myuser` The `env.USER` string if set, or `''`.  Set as the entry
+  `uname` field if the file's `uid` matches `this.myuid`.
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 1 MB.
+- `linkCache` A Map object containing the device and inode value for
+  any file whose nlink is > 1, to identify hard links.
+- `statCache` A Map object that caches calls `lstat`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths.
+- `cwd` The current working directory for creating the archive.
+  Defaults to `process.cwd()`.
+- `absolute` The absolute path to the entry on the filesystem.  By
+  default, this is `path.resolve(this.cwd, this.path)`, but it can be
+  overridden explicitly.
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `win32` True if on a windows platform.  Causes behavior where paths
+  replace `\` with `/` and filenames containing the windows-compatible
+  forms of `<|>?:` characters are converted to actual `<|>?:` characters
+  in the archive.
+- `noPax` Suppress pax extended headers.  Note that this means that
+  long paths and linkpaths will be truncated, and large or negative
+  numeric values may be interpreted incorrectly.
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+
+
+#### constructor(path, options)
+
+`path` is the path of the entry as it is written in the archive.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `maxReadSize` The maximum buffer size for `fs.read()` operations.
+  Defaults to 1 MB.
+- `linkCache` A Map object containing the device and inode value for
+  any file whose nlink is > 1, to identify hard links.
+- `statCache` A Map object that caches calls `lstat`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths.
+- `cwd` The current working directory for creating the archive.
+  Defaults to `process.cwd()`.
+- `absolute` The absolute path to the entry on the filesystem.  By
+  default, this is `path.resolve(this.cwd, this.path)`, but it can be
+  overridden explicitly.
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `win32` True if on a windows platform.  Causes behavior where paths
+  replace `\` with `/`.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+- `umask` Set to restrict the modes on the entries in the archive,
+  somewhat like how umask works on file creation.  Defaults to
+  `process.umask()` on unix systems, or `0o22` on Windows.
+
+#### warn(message, data)
+
+If strict, emit an error with the provided message.
+
+Othewise, emit a `'warn'` event with the provided message and data.
+
+### class tar.WriteEntry.Sync
+
+Synchronous version of tar.WriteEntry
+
+### class tar.WriteEntry.Tar
+
+A version of tar.WriteEntry that gets its data from a tar.ReadEntry
+instead of from the filesystem.
+
+#### constructor(readEntry, options)
+
+`readEntry` is the entry being read out of another archive.
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `portable` Omit metadata that is system-specific: `ctime`, `atime`,
+  `uid`, `gid`, `uname`, `gname`, `dev`, `ino`, and `nlink`.  Note
+  that `mtime` is still included, because this is necessary for other
+  time-based operations.  Additionally, `mode` is set to a "reasonable
+  default" for most unix systems, based on a `umask` value of `0o22`.
+- `preservePaths` Allow absolute paths.  By default, `/` is stripped
+  from absolute paths.
+- `strict` Treat warnings as crash-worthy errors.  Default false.
+- `onwarn` A function that will get called with `(code, message, data)` for
+  any warnings encountered.  (See "Warnings and Errors")
+- `noMtime` Set to true to omit writing `mtime` values for entries.
+  Note that this prevents using other mtime-based features like
+  `tar.update` or the `keepNewer` option with the resulting tar archive.
+
+### class tar.Header
+
+A class for reading and writing header blocks.
+
+It has the following fields:
+
+- `nullBlock` True if decoding a block which is entirely composed of
+  `0x00` null bytes.  (Useful because tar files are terminated by
+  at least 2 null blocks.)
+- `cksumValid` True if the checksum in the header is valid, false
+  otherwise.
+- `needPax` True if the values, as encoded, will require a Pax
+  extended header.
+- `path` The path of the entry.
+- `mode` The 4 lowest-order octal digits of the file mode.  That is,
+  read/write/execute permissions for world, group, and owner, and the
+  setuid, setgid, and sticky bits.
+- `uid` Numeric user id of the file owner
+- `gid` Numeric group id of the file owner
+- `size` Size of the file in bytes
+- `mtime` Modified time of the file
+- `cksum` The checksum of the header.  This is generated by adding all
+  the bytes of the header block, treating the checksum field itself as
+  all ascii space characters (that is, `0x20`).
+- `type` The human-readable name of the type of entry this represents,
+  or the alphanumeric key if unknown.
+- `typeKey` The alphanumeric key for the type of entry this header
+  represents.
+- `linkpath` The target of Link and SymbolicLink entries.
+- `uname` Human-readable user name of the file owner
+- `gname` Human-readable group name of the file owner
+- `devmaj` The major portion of the device number.  Always `0` for
+  files, directories, and links.
+- `devmin` The minor portion of the device number.  Always `0` for
+  files, directories, and links.
+- `atime` File access time.
+- `ctime` File change time.
+
+#### constructor(data, [offset=0])
+
+`data` is optional.  It is either a Buffer that should be interpreted
+as a tar Header starting at the specified offset and continuing for
+512 bytes, or a data object of keys and values to set on the header
+object, and eventually encode as a tar Header.
+
+#### decode(block, offset)
+
+Decode the provided buffer starting at the specified offset.
+
+Buffer length must be greater than 512 bytes.
+
+#### set(data)
+
+Set the fields in the data object.
+
+#### encode(buffer, offset)
+
+Encode the header fields into the buffer at the specified offset.
+
+Returns `this.needPax` to indicate whether a Pax Extended Header is
+required to properly encode the specified data.
+
+### class tar.Pax
+
+An object representing a set of key-value pairs in an Pax extended
+header entry.
+
+It has the following fields.  Where the same name is used, they have
+the same semantics as the tar.Header field of the same name.
+
+- `global` True if this represents a global extended header, or false
+  if it is for a single entry.
+- `atime`
+- `charset`
+- `comment`
+- `ctime`
+- `gid`
+- `gname`
+- `linkpath`
+- `mtime`
+- `path`
+- `size`
+- `uid`
+- `uname`
+- `dev`
+- `ino`
+- `nlink`
+
+#### constructor(object, global)
+
+Set the fields set in the object.  `global` is a boolean that defaults
+to false.
+
+#### encode()
+
+Return a Buffer containing the header and body for the Pax extended
+header entry, or `null` if there is nothing to encode.
+
+#### encodeBody()
+
+Return a string representing the body of the pax extended header
+entry.
+
+#### encodeField(fieldName)
+
+Return a string representing the key/value encoding for the specified
+fieldName, or `''` if the field is unset.
+
+### tar.Pax.parse(string, extended, global)
+
+Return a new Pax object created by parsing the contents of the string
+provided.
+
+If the `extended` object is set, then also add the fields from that
+object.  (This is necessary because multiple metadata entries can
+occur in sequence.)
+
+### tar.types
+
+A translation table for the `type` field in tar headers.
+
+#### tar.types.name.get(code)
+
+Get the human-readable name for a given alphanumeric code.
+
+#### tar.types.code.get(name)
+
+Get the alphanumeric code for a given human-readable name.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/index.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9ae06e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// high-level commands
+exports.c = exports.create = require('./lib/create.js')
+exports.r = exports.replace = require('./lib/replace.js')
+exports.t = exports.list = require('./lib/list.js')
+exports.u = exports.update = require('./lib/update.js')
+exports.x = exports.extract = require('./lib/extract.js')
+
+// classes
+exports.Pack = require('./lib/pack.js')
+exports.Unpack = require('./lib/unpack.js')
+exports.Parse = require('./lib/parse.js')
+exports.ReadEntry = require('./lib/read-entry.js')
+exports.WriteEntry = require('./lib/write-entry.js')
+exports.Header = require('./lib/header.js')
+exports.Pax = require('./lib/pax.js')
+exports.types = require('./lib/types.js')
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/create.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/create.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d033640ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/create.js
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// tar -c
+const hlo = require('./high-level-opt.js')
+
+const Pack = require('./pack.js')
+const fsm = require('fs-minipass')
+const t = require('./list.js')
+const path = require('path')
+
+module.exports = (opt_, files, cb) => {
+  if (typeof files === 'function')
+    cb = files
+
+  if (Array.isArray(opt_))
+    files = opt_, opt_ = {}
+
+  if (!files || !Array.isArray(files) || !files.length)
+    throw new TypeError('no files or directories specified')
+
+  files = Array.from(files)
+
+  const opt = hlo(opt_)
+
+  if (opt.sync && typeof cb === 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('callback not supported for sync tar functions')
+
+  if (!opt.file && typeof cb === 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('callback only supported with file option')
+
+  return opt.file && opt.sync ? createFileSync(opt, files)
+    : opt.file ? createFile(opt, files, cb)
+    : opt.sync ? createSync(opt, files)
+    : create(opt, files)
+}
+
+const createFileSync = (opt, files) => {
+  const p = new Pack.Sync(opt)
+  const stream = new fsm.WriteStreamSync(opt.file, {
+    mode: opt.mode || 0o666,
+  })
+  p.pipe(stream)
+  addFilesSync(p, files)
+}
+
+const createFile = (opt, files, cb) => {
+  const p = new Pack(opt)
+  const stream = new fsm.WriteStream(opt.file, {
+    mode: opt.mode || 0o666,
+  })
+  p.pipe(stream)
+
+  const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
+    stream.on('error', rej)
+    stream.on('close', res)
+    p.on('error', rej)
+  })
+
+  addFilesAsync(p, files)
+
+  return cb ? promise.then(cb, cb) : promise
+}
+
+const addFilesSync = (p, files) => {
+  files.forEach(file => {
+    if (file.charAt(0) === '@') {
+      t({
+        file: path.resolve(p.cwd, file.substr(1)),
+        sync: true,
+        noResume: true,
+        onentry: entry => p.add(entry),
+      })
+    } else
+      p.add(file)
+  })
+  p.end()
+}
+
+const addFilesAsync = (p, files) => {
+  while (files.length) {
+    const file = files.shift()
+    if (file.charAt(0) === '@') {
+      return t({
+        file: path.resolve(p.cwd, file.substr(1)),
+        noResume: true,
+        onentry: entry => p.add(entry),
+      }).then(_ => addFilesAsync(p, files))
+    } else
+      p.add(file)
+  }
+  p.end()
+}
+
+const createSync = (opt, files) => {
+  const p = new Pack.Sync(opt)
+  addFilesSync(p, files)
+  return p
+}
+
+const create = (opt, files) => {
+  const p = new Pack(opt)
+  addFilesAsync(p, files)
+  return p
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/extract.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/extract.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f269145ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/extract.js
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// tar -x
+const hlo = require('./high-level-opt.js')
+const Unpack = require('./unpack.js')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const fsm = require('fs-minipass')
+const path = require('path')
+
+module.exports = (opt_, files, cb) => {
+  if (typeof opt_ === 'function')
+    cb = opt_, files = null, opt_ = {}
+  else if (Array.isArray(opt_))
+    files = opt_, opt_ = {}
+
+  if (typeof files === 'function')
+    cb = files, files = null
+
+  if (!files)
+    files = []
+  else
+    files = Array.from(files)
+
+  const opt = hlo(opt_)
+
+  if (opt.sync && typeof cb === 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('callback not supported for sync tar functions')
+
+  if (!opt.file && typeof cb === 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('callback only supported with file option')
+
+  if (files.length)
+    filesFilter(opt, files)
+
+  return opt.file && opt.sync ? extractFileSync(opt)
+    : opt.file ? extractFile(opt, cb)
+    : opt.sync ? extractSync(opt)
+    : extract(opt)
+}
+
+// construct a filter that limits the file entries listed
+// include child entries if a dir is included
+const filesFilter = (opt, files) => {
+  const map = new Map(files.map(f => [f.replace(/\/+$/, ''), true]))
+  const filter = opt.filter
+
+  const mapHas = (file, r) => {
+    const root = r || path.parse(file).root || '.'
+    const ret = file === root ? false
+      : map.has(file) ? map.get(file)
+      : mapHas(path.dirname(file), root)
+
+    map.set(file, ret)
+    return ret
+  }
+
+  opt.filter = filter
+    ? (file, entry) => filter(file, entry) && mapHas(file.replace(/\/+$/, ''))
+    : file => mapHas(file.replace(/\/+$/, ''))
+}
+
+const extractFileSync = opt => {
+  const u = new Unpack.Sync(opt)
+
+  const file = opt.file
+  const stat = fs.statSync(file)
+  // This trades a zero-byte read() syscall for a stat
+  // However, it will usually result in less memory allocation
+  const readSize = opt.maxReadSize || 16 * 1024 * 1024
+  const stream = new fsm.ReadStreamSync(file, {
+    readSize: readSize,
+    size: stat.size,
+  })
+  stream.pipe(u)
+}
+
+const extractFile = (opt, cb) => {
+  const u = new Unpack(opt)
+  const readSize = opt.maxReadSize || 16 * 1024 * 1024
+
+  const file = opt.file
+  const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    u.on('error', reject)
+    u.on('close', resolve)
+
+    // This trades a zero-byte read() syscall for a stat
+    // However, it will usually result in less memory allocation
+    fs.stat(file, (er, stat) => {
+      if (er)
+        reject(er)
+      else {
+        const stream = new fsm.ReadStream(file, {
+          readSize: readSize,
+          size: stat.size,
+        })
+        stream.on('error', reject)
+        stream.pipe(u)
+      }
+    })
+  })
+  return cb ? p.then(cb, cb) : p
+}
+
+const extractSync = opt => new Unpack.Sync(opt)
+
+const extract = opt => new Unpack(opt)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/get-write-flag.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/get-write-flag.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e86959996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/get-write-flag.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Get the appropriate flag to use for creating files
+// We use fmap on Windows platforms for files less than
+// 512kb.  This is a fairly low limit, but avoids making
+// things slower in some cases.  Since most of what this
+// library is used for is extracting tarballs of many
+// relatively small files in npm packages and the like,
+// it can be a big boost on Windows platforms.
+// Only supported in Node v12.9.0 and above.
+const platform = process.env.__FAKE_PLATFORM__ || process.platform
+const isWindows = platform === 'win32'
+const fs = global.__FAKE_TESTING_FS__ || require('fs')
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const { O_CREAT, O_TRUNC, O_WRONLY, UV_FS_O_FILEMAP = 0 } = fs.constants
+
+const fMapEnabled = isWindows && !!UV_FS_O_FILEMAP
+const fMapLimit = 512 * 1024
+const fMapFlag = UV_FS_O_FILEMAP | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_WRONLY
+module.exports = !fMapEnabled ? () => 'w'
+  : size => size < fMapLimit ? fMapFlag : 'w'
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/header.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/header.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..129504048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/header.js
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+'use strict'
+// parse a 512-byte header block to a data object, or vice-versa
+// encode returns `true` if a pax extended header is needed, because
+// the data could not be faithfully encoded in a simple header.
+// (Also, check header.needPax to see if it needs a pax header.)
+
+const types = require('./types.js')
+const pathModule = require('path').posix
+const large = require('./large-numbers.js')
+
+const SLURP = Symbol('slurp')
+const TYPE = Symbol('type')
+
+class Header {
+  constructor (data, off, ex, gex) {
+    this.cksumValid = false
+    this.needPax = false
+    this.nullBlock = false
+
+    this.block = null
+    this.path = null
+    this.mode = null
+    this.uid = null
+    this.gid = null
+    this.size = null
+    this.mtime = null
+    this.cksum = null
+    this[TYPE] = '0'
+    this.linkpath = null
+    this.uname = null
+    this.gname = null
+    this.devmaj = 0
+    this.devmin = 0
+    this.atime = null
+    this.ctime = null
+
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(data))
+      this.decode(data, off || 0, ex, gex)
+    else if (data)
+      this.set(data)
+  }
+
+  decode (buf, off, ex, gex) {
+    if (!off)
+      off = 0
+
+    if (!buf || !(buf.length >= off + 512))
+      throw new Error('need 512 bytes for header')
+
+    this.path = decString(buf, off, 100)
+    this.mode = decNumber(buf, off + 100, 8)
+    this.uid = decNumber(buf, off + 108, 8)
+    this.gid = decNumber(buf, off + 116, 8)
+    this.size = decNumber(buf, off + 124, 12)
+    this.mtime = decDate(buf, off + 136, 12)
+    this.cksum = decNumber(buf, off + 148, 12)
+
+    // if we have extended or global extended headers, apply them now
+    // See https://github.com/npm/node-tar/pull/187
+    this[SLURP](ex)
+    this[SLURP](gex, true)
+
+    // old tar versions marked dirs as a file with a trailing /
+    this[TYPE] = decString(buf, off + 156, 1)
+    if (this[TYPE] === '')
+      this[TYPE] = '0'
+    if (this[TYPE] === '0' && this.path.substr(-1) === '/')
+      this[TYPE] = '5'
+
+    // tar implementations sometimes incorrectly put the stat(dir).size
+    // as the size in the tarball, even though Directory entries are
+    // not able to have any body at all.  In the very rare chance that
+    // it actually DOES have a body, we weren't going to do anything with
+    // it anyway, and it'll just be a warning about an invalid header.
+    if (this[TYPE] === '5')
+      this.size = 0
+
+    this.linkpath = decString(buf, off + 157, 100)
+    if (buf.slice(off + 257, off + 265).toString() === 'ustar\u000000') {
+      this.uname = decString(buf, off + 265, 32)
+      this.gname = decString(buf, off + 297, 32)
+      this.devmaj = decNumber(buf, off + 329, 8)
+      this.devmin = decNumber(buf, off + 337, 8)
+      if (buf[off + 475] !== 0) {
+        // definitely a prefix, definitely >130 chars.
+        const prefix = decString(buf, off + 345, 155)
+        this.path = prefix + '/' + this.path
+      } else {
+        const prefix = decString(buf, off + 345, 130)
+        if (prefix)
+          this.path = prefix + '/' + this.path
+        this.atime = decDate(buf, off + 476, 12)
+        this.ctime = decDate(buf, off + 488, 12)
+      }
+    }
+
+    let sum = 8 * 0x20
+    for (let i = off; i < off + 148; i++)
+      sum += buf[i]
+
+    for (let i = off + 156; i < off + 512; i++)
+      sum += buf[i]
+
+    this.cksumValid = sum === this.cksum
+    if (this.cksum === null && sum === 8 * 0x20)
+      this.nullBlock = true
+  }
+
+  [SLURP] (ex, global) {
+    for (const k in ex) {
+      // we slurp in everything except for the path attribute in
+      // a global extended header, because that's weird.
+      if (ex[k] !== null && ex[k] !== undefined &&
+          !(global && k === 'path'))
+        this[k] = ex[k]
+    }
+  }
+
+  encode (buf, off) {
+    if (!buf) {
+      buf = this.block = Buffer.alloc(512)
+      off = 0
+    }
+
+    if (!off)
+      off = 0
+
+    if (!(buf.length >= off + 512))
+      throw new Error('need 512 bytes for header')
+
+    const prefixSize = this.ctime || this.atime ? 130 : 155
+    const split = splitPrefix(this.path || '', prefixSize)
+    const path = split[0]
+    const prefix = split[1]
+    this.needPax = split[2]
+
+    this.needPax = encString(buf, off, 100, path) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encNumber(buf, off + 100, 8, this.mode) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encNumber(buf, off + 108, 8, this.uid) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encNumber(buf, off + 116, 8, this.gid) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encNumber(buf, off + 124, 12, this.size) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encDate(buf, off + 136, 12, this.mtime) || this.needPax
+    buf[off + 156] = this[TYPE].charCodeAt(0)
+    this.needPax = encString(buf, off + 157, 100, this.linkpath) || this.needPax
+    buf.write('ustar\u000000', off + 257, 8)
+    this.needPax = encString(buf, off + 265, 32, this.uname) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encString(buf, off + 297, 32, this.gname) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encNumber(buf, off + 329, 8, this.devmaj) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encNumber(buf, off + 337, 8, this.devmin) || this.needPax
+    this.needPax = encString(buf, off + 345, prefixSize, prefix) || this.needPax
+    if (buf[off + 475] !== 0)
+      this.needPax = encString(buf, off + 345, 155, prefix) || this.needPax
+    else {
+      this.needPax = encString(buf, off + 345, 130, prefix) || this.needPax
+      this.needPax = encDate(buf, off + 476, 12, this.atime) || this.needPax
+      this.needPax = encDate(buf, off + 488, 12, this.ctime) || this.needPax
+    }
+
+    let sum = 8 * 0x20
+    for (let i = off; i < off + 148; i++)
+      sum += buf[i]
+
+    for (let i = off + 156; i < off + 512; i++)
+      sum += buf[i]
+
+    this.cksum = sum
+    encNumber(buf, off + 148, 8, this.cksum)
+    this.cksumValid = true
+
+    return this.needPax
+  }
+
+  set (data) {
+    for (const i in data) {
+      if (data[i] !== null && data[i] !== undefined)
+        this[i] = data[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  get type () {
+    return types.name.get(this[TYPE]) || this[TYPE]
+  }
+
+  get typeKey () {
+    return this[TYPE]
+  }
+
+  set type (type) {
+    if (types.code.has(type))
+      this[TYPE] = types.code.get(type)
+    else
+      this[TYPE] = type
+  }
+}
+
+const splitPrefix = (p, prefixSize) => {
+  const pathSize = 100
+  let pp = p
+  let prefix = ''
+  let ret
+  const root = pathModule.parse(p).root || '.'
+
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(pp) < pathSize)
+    ret = [pp, prefix, false]
+  else {
+    // first set prefix to the dir, and path to the base
+    prefix = pathModule.dirname(pp)
+    pp = pathModule.basename(pp)
+
+    do {
+      // both fit!
+      if (Buffer.byteLength(pp) <= pathSize &&
+          Buffer.byteLength(prefix) <= prefixSize)
+        ret = [pp, prefix, false]
+
+      // prefix fits in prefix, but path doesn't fit in path
+      else if (Buffer.byteLength(pp) > pathSize &&
+          Buffer.byteLength(prefix) <= prefixSize)
+        ret = [pp.substr(0, pathSize - 1), prefix, true]
+
+      else {
+        // make path take a bit from prefix
+        pp = pathModule.join(pathModule.basename(prefix), pp)
+        prefix = pathModule.dirname(prefix)
+      }
+    } while (prefix !== root && !ret)
+
+    // at this point, found no resolution, just truncate
+    if (!ret)
+      ret = [p.substr(0, pathSize - 1), '', true]
+  }
+  return ret
+}
+
+const decString = (buf, off, size) =>
+  buf.slice(off, off + size).toString('utf8').replace(/\0.*/, '')
+
+const decDate = (buf, off, size) =>
+  numToDate(decNumber(buf, off, size))
+
+const numToDate = num => num === null ? null : new Date(num * 1000)
+
+const decNumber = (buf, off, size) =>
+  buf[off] & 0x80 ? large.parse(buf.slice(off, off + size))
+  : decSmallNumber(buf, off, size)
+
+const nanNull = value => isNaN(value) ? null : value
+
+const decSmallNumber = (buf, off, size) =>
+  nanNull(parseInt(
+    buf.slice(off, off + size)
+      .toString('utf8').replace(/\0.*$/, '').trim(), 8))
+
+// the maximum encodable as a null-terminated octal, by field size
+const MAXNUM = {
+  12: 0o77777777777,
+  8: 0o7777777,
+}
+
+const encNumber = (buf, off, size, number) =>
+  number === null ? false :
+  number > MAXNUM[size] || number < 0
+    ? (large.encode(number, buf.slice(off, off + size)), true)
+    : (encSmallNumber(buf, off, size, number), false)
+
+const encSmallNumber = (buf, off, size, number) =>
+  buf.write(octalString(number, size), off, size, 'ascii')
+
+const octalString = (number, size) =>
+  padOctal(Math.floor(number).toString(8), size)
+
+const padOctal = (string, size) =>
+  (string.length === size - 1 ? string
+  : new Array(size - string.length - 1).join('0') + string + ' ') + '\0'
+
+const encDate = (buf, off, size, date) =>
+  date === null ? false :
+  encNumber(buf, off, size, date.getTime() / 1000)
+
+// enough to fill the longest string we've got
+const NULLS = new Array(156).join('\0')
+// pad with nulls, return true if it's longer or non-ascii
+const encString = (buf, off, size, string) =>
+  string === null ? false :
+  (buf.write(string + NULLS, off, size, 'utf8'),
+  string.length !== Buffer.byteLength(string) || string.length > size)
+
+module.exports = Header
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/high-level-opt.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/high-level-opt.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40e44180e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/high-level-opt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// turn tar(1) style args like `C` into the more verbose things like `cwd`
+
+const argmap = new Map([
+  ['C', 'cwd'],
+  ['f', 'file'],
+  ['z', 'gzip'],
+  ['P', 'preservePaths'],
+  ['U', 'unlink'],
+  ['strip-components', 'strip'],
+  ['stripComponents', 'strip'],
+  ['keep-newer', 'newer'],
+  ['keepNewer', 'newer'],
+  ['keep-newer-files', 'newer'],
+  ['keepNewerFiles', 'newer'],
+  ['k', 'keep'],
+  ['keep-existing', 'keep'],
+  ['keepExisting', 'keep'],
+  ['m', 'noMtime'],
+  ['no-mtime', 'noMtime'],
+  ['p', 'preserveOwner'],
+  ['L', 'follow'],
+  ['h', 'follow'],
+])
+
+module.exports = opt => opt ? Object.keys(opt).map(k => [
+  argmap.has(k) ? argmap.get(k) : k, opt[k],
+]).reduce((set, kv) => (set[kv[0]] = kv[1], set), Object.create(null)) : {}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/large-numbers.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/large-numbers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd6f690b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/large-numbers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+'use strict'
+// Tar can encode large and negative numbers using a leading byte of
+// 0xff for negative, and 0x80 for positive.
+
+const encode = (num, buf) => {
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(num))
+    // The number is so large that javascript cannot represent it with integer
+    // precision.
+    throw Error('cannot encode number outside of javascript safe integer range')
+  else if (num < 0)
+    encodeNegative(num, buf)
+  else
+    encodePositive(num, buf)
+  return buf
+}
+
+const encodePositive = (num, buf) => {
+  buf[0] = 0x80
+
+  for (var i = buf.length; i > 1; i--) {
+    buf[i - 1] = num & 0xff
+    num = Math.floor(num / 0x100)
+  }
+}
+
+const encodeNegative = (num, buf) => {
+  buf[0] = 0xff
+  var flipped = false
+  num = num * -1
+  for (var i = buf.length; i > 1; i--) {
+    var byte = num & 0xff
+    num = Math.floor(num / 0x100)
+    if (flipped)
+      buf[i - 1] = onesComp(byte)
+    else if (byte === 0)
+      buf[i - 1] = 0
+    else {
+      flipped = true
+      buf[i - 1] = twosComp(byte)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const parse = (buf) => {
+  const pre = buf[0]
+  const value = pre === 0x80 ? pos(buf.slice(1, buf.length))
+    : pre === 0xff ? twos(buf)
+    : null
+  if (value === null)
+    throw Error('invalid base256 encoding')
+
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(value))
+    // The number is so large that javascript cannot represent it with integer
+    // precision.
+    throw Error('parsed number outside of javascript safe integer range')
+
+  return value
+}
+
+const twos = (buf) => {
+  var len = buf.length
+  var sum = 0
+  var flipped = false
+  for (var i = len - 1; i > -1; i--) {
+    var byte = buf[i]
+    var f
+    if (flipped)
+      f = onesComp(byte)
+    else if (byte === 0)
+      f = byte
+    else {
+      flipped = true
+      f = twosComp(byte)
+    }
+    if (f !== 0)
+      sum -= f * Math.pow(256, len - i - 1)
+  }
+  return sum
+}
+
+const pos = (buf) => {
+  var len = buf.length
+  var sum = 0
+  for (var i = len - 1; i > -1; i--) {
+    var byte = buf[i]
+    if (byte !== 0)
+      sum += byte * Math.pow(256, len - i - 1)
+  }
+  return sum
+}
+
+const onesComp = byte => (0xff ^ byte) & 0xff
+
+const twosComp = byte => ((0xff ^ byte) + 1) & 0xff
+
+module.exports = {
+  encode,
+  parse,
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/list.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/list.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..702cfea80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/list.js
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// XXX: This shares a lot in common with extract.js
+// maybe some DRY opportunity here?
+
+// tar -t
+const hlo = require('./high-level-opt.js')
+const Parser = require('./parse.js')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const fsm = require('fs-minipass')
+const path = require('path')
+
+module.exports = (opt_, files, cb) => {
+  if (typeof opt_ === 'function')
+    cb = opt_, files = null, opt_ = {}
+  else if (Array.isArray(opt_))
+    files = opt_, opt_ = {}
+
+  if (typeof files === 'function')
+    cb = files, files = null
+
+  if (!files)
+    files = []
+  else
+    files = Array.from(files)
+
+  const opt = hlo(opt_)
+
+  if (opt.sync && typeof cb === 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('callback not supported for sync tar functions')
+
+  if (!opt.file && typeof cb === 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('callback only supported with file option')
+
+  if (files.length)
+    filesFilter(opt, files)
+
+  if (!opt.noResume)
+    onentryFunction(opt)
+
+  return opt.file && opt.sync ? listFileSync(opt)
+    : opt.file ? listFile(opt, cb)
+    : list(opt)
+}
+
+const onentryFunction = opt => {
+  const onentry = opt.onentry
+  opt.onentry = onentry ? e => {
+    onentry(e)
+    e.resume()
+  } : e => e.resume()
+}
+
+// construct a filter that limits the file entries listed
+// include child entries if a dir is included
+const filesFilter = (opt, files) => {
+  const map = new Map(files.map(f => [f.replace(/\/+$/, ''), true]))
+  const filter = opt.filter
+
+  const mapHas = (file, r) => {
+    const root = r || path.parse(file).root || '.'
+    const ret = file === root ? false
+      : map.has(file) ? map.get(file)
+      : mapHas(path.dirname(file), root)
+
+    map.set(file, ret)
+    return ret
+  }
+
+  opt.filter = filter
+    ? (file, entry) => filter(file, entry) && mapHas(file.replace(/\/+$/, ''))
+    : file => mapHas(file.replace(/\/+$/, ''))
+}
+
+const listFileSync = opt => {
+  const p = list(opt)
+  const file = opt.file
+  let threw = true
+  let fd
+  try {
+    const stat = fs.statSync(file)
+    const readSize = opt.maxReadSize || 16 * 1024 * 1024
+    if (stat.size < readSize)
+      p.end(fs.readFileSync(file))
+    else {
+      let pos = 0
+      const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(readSize)
+      fd = fs.openSync(file, 'r')
+      while (pos < stat.size) {
+        const bytesRead = fs.readSync(fd, buf, 0, readSize, pos)
+        pos += bytesRead
+        p.write(buf.slice(0, bytesRead))
+      }
+      p.end()
+    }
+    threw = false
+  } finally {
+    if (threw && fd) {
+      try {
+        fs.closeSync(fd)
+      } catch (er) {}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const listFile = (opt, cb) => {
+  const parse = new Parser(opt)
+  const readSize = opt.maxReadSize || 16 * 1024 * 1024
+
+  const file = opt.file
+  const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    parse.on('error', reject)
+    parse.on('end', resolve)
+
+    fs.stat(file, (er, stat) => {
+      if (er)
+        reject(er)
+      else {
+        const stream = new fsm.ReadStream(file, {
+          readSize: readSize,
+          size: stat.size,
+        })
+        stream.on('error', reject)
+        stream.pipe(parse)
+      }
+    })
+  })
+  return cb ? p.then(cb, cb) : p
+}
+
+const list = opt => new Parser(opt)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/mkdir.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/mkdir.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aed398fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/mkdir.js
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+'use strict'
+// wrapper around mkdirp for tar's needs.
+
+// TODO: This should probably be a class, not functionally
+// passing around state in a gazillion args.
+
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const path = require('path')
+const chownr = require('chownr')
+
+class SymlinkError extends Error {
+  constructor (symlink, path) {
+    super('Cannot extract through symbolic link')
+    this.path = path
+    this.symlink = symlink
+  }
+
+  get name () {
+    return 'SylinkError'
+  }
+}
+
+class CwdError extends Error {
+  constructor (path, code) {
+    super(code + ': Cannot cd into \'' + path + '\'')
+    this.path = path
+    this.code = code
+  }
+
+  get name () {
+    return 'CwdError'
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = (dir, opt, cb) => {
+  // if there's any overlap between mask and mode,
+  // then we'll need an explicit chmod
+  const umask = opt.umask
+  const mode = opt.mode | 0o0700
+  const needChmod = (mode & umask) !== 0
+
+  const uid = opt.uid
+  const gid = opt.gid
+  const doChown = typeof uid === 'number' &&
+    typeof gid === 'number' &&
+    (uid !== opt.processUid || gid !== opt.processGid)
+
+  const preserve = opt.preserve
+  const unlink = opt.unlink
+  const cache = opt.cache
+  const cwd = opt.cwd
+
+  const done = (er, created) => {
+    if (er)
+      cb(er)
+    else {
+      cache.set(dir, true)
+      if (created && doChown)
+        chownr(created, uid, gid, er => done(er))
+      else if (needChmod)
+        fs.chmod(dir, mode, cb)
+      else
+        cb()
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cache && cache.get(dir) === true)
+    return done()
+
+  if (dir === cwd) {
+    return fs.stat(dir, (er, st) => {
+      if (er || !st.isDirectory())
+        er = new CwdError(dir, er && er.code || 'ENOTDIR')
+      done(er)
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (preserve)
+    return mkdirp(dir, {mode}).then(made => done(null, made), done)
+
+  const sub = path.relative(cwd, dir)
+  const parts = sub.split(/\/|\\/)
+  mkdir_(cwd, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, null, done)
+}
+
+const mkdir_ = (base, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb) => {
+  if (!parts.length)
+    return cb(null, created)
+  const p = parts.shift()
+  const part = base + '/' + p
+  if (cache.get(part))
+    return mkdir_(part, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb)
+  fs.mkdir(part, mode, onmkdir(part, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb))
+}
+
+const onmkdir = (part, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb) => er => {
+  if (er) {
+    if (er.path && path.dirname(er.path) === cwd &&
+        (er.code === 'ENOTDIR' || er.code === 'ENOENT'))
+      return cb(new CwdError(cwd, er.code))
+
+    fs.lstat(part, (statEr, st) => {
+      if (statEr)
+        cb(statEr)
+      else if (st.isDirectory())
+        mkdir_(part, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb)
+      else if (unlink) {
+        fs.unlink(part, er => {
+          if (er)
+            return cb(er)
+          fs.mkdir(part, mode, onmkdir(part, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb))
+        })
+      } else if (st.isSymbolicLink())
+        return cb(new SymlinkError(part, part + '/' + parts.join('/')))
+      else
+        cb(er)
+    })
+  } else {
+    created = created || part
+    mkdir_(part, parts, mode, cache, unlink, cwd, created, cb)
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports.sync = (dir, opt) => {
+  // if there's any overlap between mask and mode,
+  // then we'll need an explicit chmod
+  const umask = opt.umask
+  const mode = opt.mode | 0o0700
+  const needChmod = (mode & umask) !== 0
+
+  const uid = opt.uid
+  const gid = opt.gid
+  const doChown = typeof uid === 'number' &&
+    typeof gid === 'number' &&
+    (uid !== opt.processUid || gid !== opt.processGid)
+
+  const preserve = opt.preserve
+  const unlink = opt.unlink
+  const cache = opt.cache
+  const cwd = opt.cwd
+
+  const done = (created) => {
+    cache.set(dir, true)
+    if (created && doChown)
+      chownr.sync(created, uid, gid)
+    if (needChmod)
+      fs.chmodSync(dir, mode)
+  }
+
+  if (cache && cache.get(dir) === true)
+    return done()
+
+  if (dir === cwd) {
+    let ok = false
+    let code = 'ENOTDIR'
+    try {
+      ok = fs.statSync(dir).isDirectory()
+    } catch (er) {
+      code = er.code
+    } finally {
+      if (!ok)
+        throw new CwdError(dir, code)
+    }
+    done()
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (preserve)
+    return done(mkdirp.sync(dir, mode))
+
+  const sub = path.relative(cwd, dir)
+  const parts = sub.split(/\/|\\/)
+  let created = null
+  for (let p = parts.shift(), part = cwd;
+    p && (part += '/' + p);
+    p = parts.shift()) {
+    if (cache.get(part))
+      continue
+
+    try {
+      fs.mkdirSync(part, mode)
+      created = created || part
+      cache.set(part, true)
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er.path && path.dirname(er.path) === cwd &&
+          (er.code === 'ENOTDIR' || er.code === 'ENOENT'))
+        return new CwdError(cwd, er.code)
+
+      const st = fs.lstatSync(part)
+      if (st.isDirectory()) {
+        cache.set(part, true)
+        continue
+      } else if (unlink) {
+        fs.unlinkSync(part)
+        fs.mkdirSync(part, mode)
+        created = created || part
+        cache.set(part, true)
+        continue
+      } else if (st.isSymbolicLink())
+        return new SymlinkError(part, part + '/' + parts.join('/'))
+    }
+  }
+
+  return done(created)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/mode-fix.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/mode-fix.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a045ffca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/mode-fix.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict'
+module.exports = (mode, isDir, portable) => {
+  mode &= 0o7777
+
+  // in portable mode, use the minimum reasonable umask
+  // if this system creates files with 0o664 by default
+  // (as some linux distros do), then we'll write the
+  // archive with 0o644 instead.  Also, don't ever create
+  // a file that is not readable/writable by the owner.
+  if (portable)
+    mode = (mode | 0o600) & ~0o22
+
+  // if dirs are readable, then they should be listable
+  if (isDir) {
+    if (mode & 0o400)
+      mode |= 0o100
+    if (mode & 0o40)
+      mode |= 0o10
+    if (mode & 0o4)
+      mode |= 0o1
+  }
+  return mode
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/pack.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/pack.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..492fe18ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/pack.js
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// A readable tar stream creator
+// Technically, this is a transform stream that you write paths into,
+// and tar format comes out of.
+// The `add()` method is like `write()` but returns this,
+// and end() return `this` as well, so you can
+// do `new Pack(opt).add('files').add('dir').end().pipe(output)
+// You could also do something like:
+// streamOfPaths().pipe(new Pack()).pipe(new fs.WriteStream('out.tar'))
+
+class PackJob {
+  constructor (path, absolute) {
+    this.path = path || './'
+    this.absolute = absolute
+    this.entry = null
+    this.stat = null
+    this.readdir = null
+    this.pending = false
+    this.ignore = false
+    this.piped = false
+  }
+}
+
+const MiniPass = require('minipass')
+const zlib = require('minizlib')
+const ReadEntry = require('./read-entry.js')
+const WriteEntry = require('./write-entry.js')
+const WriteEntrySync = WriteEntry.Sync
+const WriteEntryTar = WriteEntry.Tar
+const Yallist = require('yallist')
+const EOF = Buffer.alloc(1024)
+const ONSTAT = Symbol('onStat')
+const ENDED = Symbol('ended')
+const QUEUE = Symbol('queue')
+const CURRENT = Symbol('current')
+const PROCESS = Symbol('process')
+const PROCESSING = Symbol('processing')
+const PROCESSJOB = Symbol('processJob')
+const JOBS = Symbol('jobs')
+const JOBDONE = Symbol('jobDone')
+const ADDFSENTRY = Symbol('addFSEntry')
+const ADDTARENTRY = Symbol('addTarEntry')
+const STAT = Symbol('stat')
+const READDIR = Symbol('readdir')
+const ONREADDIR = Symbol('onreaddir')
+const PIPE = Symbol('pipe')
+const ENTRY = Symbol('entry')
+const ENTRYOPT = Symbol('entryOpt')
+const WRITEENTRYCLASS = Symbol('writeEntryClass')
+const WRITE = Symbol('write')
+const ONDRAIN = Symbol('ondrain')
+
+const fs = require('fs')
+const path = require('path')
+const warner = require('./warn-mixin.js')
+
+const Pack = warner(class Pack extends MiniPass {
+  constructor (opt) {
+    super(opt)
+    opt = opt || Object.create(null)
+    this.opt = opt
+    this.file = opt.file || ''
+    this.cwd = opt.cwd || process.cwd()
+    this.maxReadSize = opt.maxReadSize
+    this.preservePaths = !!opt.preservePaths
+    this.strict = !!opt.strict
+    this.noPax = !!opt.noPax
+    this.prefix = (opt.prefix || '').replace(/(\\|\/)+$/, '')
+    this.linkCache = opt.linkCache || new Map()
+    this.statCache = opt.statCache || new Map()
+    this.readdirCache = opt.readdirCache || new Map()
+
+    this[WRITEENTRYCLASS] = WriteEntry
+    if (typeof opt.onwarn === 'function')
+      this.on('warn', opt.onwarn)
+
+    this.portable = !!opt.portable
+    this.zip = null
+    if (opt.gzip) {
+      if (typeof opt.gzip !== 'object')
+        opt.gzip = {}
+      if (this.portable)
+        opt.gzip.portable = true
+      this.zip = new zlib.Gzip(opt.gzip)
+      this.zip.on('data', chunk => super.write(chunk))
+      this.zip.on('end', _ => super.end())
+      this.zip.on('drain', _ => this[ONDRAIN]())
+      this.on('resume', _ => this.zip.resume())
+    } else
+      this.on('drain', this[ONDRAIN])
+
+    this.noDirRecurse = !!opt.noDirRecurse
+    this.follow = !!opt.follow
+    this.noMtime = !!opt.noMtime
+    this.mtime = opt.mtime || null
+
+    this.filter = typeof opt.filter === 'function' ? opt.filter : _ => true
+
+    this[QUEUE] = new Yallist()
+    this[JOBS] = 0
+    this.jobs = +opt.jobs || 4
+    this[PROCESSING] = false
+    this[ENDED] = false
+  }
+
+  [WRITE] (chunk) {
+    return super.write(chunk)
+  }
+
+  add (path) {
+    this.write(path)
+    return this
+  }
+
+  end (path) {
+    if (path)
+      this.write(path)
+    this[ENDED] = true
+    this[PROCESS]()
+    return this
+  }
+
+  write (path) {
+    if (this[ENDED])
+      throw new Error('write after end')
+
+    if (path instanceof ReadEntry)
+      this[ADDTARENTRY](path)
+    else
+      this[ADDFSENTRY](path)
+    return this.flowing
+  }
+
+  [ADDTARENTRY] (p) {
+    const absolute = path.resolve(this.cwd, p.path)
+    if (this.prefix)
+      p.path = this.prefix + '/' + p.path.replace(/^\.(\/+|$)/, '')
+
+    // in this case, we don't have to wait for the stat
+    if (!this.filter(p.path, p))
+      p.resume()
+    else {
+      const job = new PackJob(p.path, absolute, false)
+      job.entry = new WriteEntryTar(p, this[ENTRYOPT](job))
+      job.entry.on('end', _ => this[JOBDONE](job))
+      this[JOBS] += 1
+      this[QUEUE].push(job)
+    }
+
+    this[PROCESS]()
+  }
+
+  [ADDFSENTRY] (p) {
+    const absolute = path.resolve(this.cwd, p)
+    if (this.prefix)
+      p = this.prefix + '/' + p.replace(/^\.(\/+|$)/, '')
+
+    this[QUEUE].push(new PackJob(p, absolute))
+    this[PROCESS]()
+  }
+
+  [STAT] (job) {
+    job.pending = true
+    this[JOBS] += 1
+    const stat = this.follow ? 'stat' : 'lstat'
+    fs[stat](job.absolute, (er, stat) => {
+      job.pending = false
+      this[JOBS] -= 1
+      if (er)
+        this.emit('error', er)
+      else
+        this[ONSTAT](job, stat)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [ONSTAT] (job, stat) {
+    this.statCache.set(job.absolute, stat)
+    job.stat = stat
+
+    // now we have the stat, we can filter it.
+    if (!this.filter(job.path, stat))
+      job.ignore = true
+
+    this[PROCESS]()
+  }
+
+  [READDIR] (job) {
+    job.pending = true
+    this[JOBS] += 1
+    fs.readdir(job.absolute, (er, entries) => {
+      job.pending = false
+      this[JOBS] -= 1
+      if (er)
+        return this.emit('error', er)
+      this[ONREADDIR](job, entries)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [ONREADDIR] (job, entries) {
+    this.readdirCache.set(job.absolute, entries)
+    job.readdir = entries
+    this[PROCESS]()
+  }
+
+  [PROCESS] () {
+    if (this[PROCESSING])
+      return
+
+    this[PROCESSING] = true
+    for (let w = this[QUEUE].head;
+      w !== null && this[JOBS] < this.jobs;
+      w = w.next) {
+      this[PROCESSJOB](w.value)
+      if (w.value.ignore) {
+        const p = w.next
+        this[QUEUE].removeNode(w)
+        w.next = p
+      }
+    }
+
+    this[PROCESSING] = false
+
+    if (this[ENDED] && !this[QUEUE].length && this[JOBS] === 0) {
+      if (this.zip)
+        this.zip.end(EOF)
+      else {
+        super.write(EOF)
+        super.end()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  get [CURRENT] () {
+    return this[QUEUE] && this[QUEUE].head && this[QUEUE].head.value
+  }
+
+  [JOBDONE] (job) {
+    this[QUEUE].shift()
+    this[JOBS] -= 1
+    this[PROCESS]()
+  }
+
+  [PROCESSJOB] (job) {
+    if (job.pending)
+      return
+
+    if (job.entry) {
+      if (job === this[CURRENT] && !job.piped)
+        this[PIPE](job)
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (!job.stat) {
+      if (this.statCache.has(job.absolute))
+        this[ONSTAT](job, this.statCache.get(job.absolute))
+      else
+        this[STAT](job)
+    }
+    if (!job.stat)
+      return
+
+    // filtered out!
+    if (job.ignore)
+      return
+
+    if (!this.noDirRecurse && job.stat.isDirectory() && !job.readdir) {
+      if (this.readdirCache.has(job.absolute))
+        this[ONREADDIR](job, this.readdirCache.get(job.absolute))
+      else
+        this[READDIR](job)
+      if (!job.readdir)
+        return
+    }
+
+    // we know it doesn't have an entry, because that got checked above
+    job.entry = this[ENTRY](job)
+    if (!job.entry) {
+      job.ignore = true
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (job === this[CURRENT] && !job.piped)
+      this[PIPE](job)
+  }
+
+  [ENTRYOPT] (job) {
+    return {
+      onwarn: (code, msg, data) => this.warn(code, msg, data),
+      noPax: this.noPax,
+      cwd: this.cwd,
+      absolute: job.absolute,
+      preservePaths: this.preservePaths,
+      maxReadSize: this.maxReadSize,
+      strict: this.strict,
+      portable: this.portable,
+      linkCache: this.linkCache,
+      statCache: this.statCache,
+      noMtime: this.noMtime,
+      mtime: this.mtime,
+    }
+  }
+
+  [ENTRY] (job) {
+    this[JOBS] += 1
+    try {
+      return new this[WRITEENTRYCLASS](job.path, this[ENTRYOPT](job))
+        .on('end', () => this[JOBDONE](job))
+        .on('error', er => this.emit('error', er))
+    } catch (er) {
+      this.emit('error', er)
+    }
+  }
+
+  [ONDRAIN] () {
+    if (this[CURRENT] && this[CURRENT].entry)
+      this[CURRENT].entry.resume()
+  }
+
+  // like .pipe() but using super, because our write() is special
+  [PIPE] (job) {
+    job.piped = true
+
+    if (job.readdir) {
+      job.readdir.forEach(entry => {
+        const p = this.prefix ?
+          job.path.slice(this.prefix.length + 1) || './'
+          : job.path
+
+        const base = p === './' ? '' : p.replace(/\/*$/, '/')
+        this[ADDFSENTRY](base + entry)
+      })
+    }
+
+    const source = job.entry
+    const zip = this.zip
+
+    if (zip) {
+      source.on('data', chunk => {
+        if (!zip.write(chunk))
+          source.pause()
+      })
+    } else {
+      source.on('data', chunk => {
+        if (!super.write(chunk))
+          source.pause()
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  pause () {
+    if (this.zip)
+      this.zip.pause()
+    return super.pause()
+  }
+})
+
+class PackSync extends Pack {
+  constructor (opt) {
+    super(opt)
+    this[WRITEENTRYCLASS] = WriteEntrySync
+  }
+
+  // pause/resume are no-ops in sync streams.
+  pause () {}
+  resume () {}
+
+  [STAT] (job) {
+    const stat = this.follow ? 'statSync' : 'lstatSync'
+    this[ONSTAT](job, fs[stat](job.absolute))
+  }
+
+  [READDIR] (job, stat) {
+    this[ONREADDIR](job, fs.readdirSync(job.absolute))
+  }
+
+  // gotta get it all in this tick
+  [PIPE] (job) {
+    const source = job.entry
+    const zip = this.zip
+
+    if (job.readdir) {
+      job.readdir.forEach(entry => {
+        const p = this.prefix ?
+          job.path.slice(this.prefix.length + 1) || './'
+          : job.path
+
+        const base = p === './' ? '' : p.replace(/\/*$/, '/')
+        this[ADDFSENTRY](base + entry)
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (zip) {
+      source.on('data', chunk => {
+        zip.write(chunk)
+      })
+    } else {
+      source.on('data', chunk => {
+        super[WRITE](chunk)
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Pack.Sync = PackSync
+
+module.exports = Pack
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/parse.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b4e7e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// this[BUFFER] is the remainder of a chunk if we're waiting for
+// the full 512 bytes of a header to come in.  We will Buffer.concat()
+// it to the next write(), which is a mem copy, but a small one.
+//
+// this[QUEUE] is a Yallist of entries that haven't been emitted
+// yet this can only get filled up if the user keeps write()ing after
+// a write() returns false, or does a write() with more than one entry
+//
+// We don't buffer chunks, we always parse them and either create an
+// entry, or push it into the active entry.  The ReadEntry class knows
+// to throw data away if .ignore=true
+//
+// Shift entry off the buffer when it emits 'end', and emit 'entry' for
+// the next one in the list.
+//
+// At any time, we're pushing body chunks into the entry at WRITEENTRY,
+// and waiting for 'end' on the entry at READENTRY
+//
+// ignored entries get .resume() called on them straight away
+
+const warner = require('./warn-mixin.js')
+const Header = require('./header.js')
+const EE = require('events')
+const Yallist = require('yallist')
+const maxMetaEntrySize = 1024 * 1024
+const Entry = require('./read-entry.js')
+const Pax = require('./pax.js')
+const zlib = require('minizlib')
+
+const gzipHeader = Buffer.from([0x1f, 0x8b])
+const STATE = Symbol('state')
+const WRITEENTRY = Symbol('writeEntry')
+const READENTRY = Symbol('readEntry')
+const NEXTENTRY = Symbol('nextEntry')
+const PROCESSENTRY = Symbol('processEntry')
+const EX = Symbol('extendedHeader')
+const GEX = Symbol('globalExtendedHeader')
+const META = Symbol('meta')
+const EMITMETA = Symbol('emitMeta')
+const BUFFER = Symbol('buffer')
+const QUEUE = Symbol('queue')
+const ENDED = Symbol('ended')
+const EMITTEDEND = Symbol('emittedEnd')
+const EMIT = Symbol('emit')
+const UNZIP = Symbol('unzip')
+const CONSUMECHUNK = Symbol('consumeChunk')
+const CONSUMECHUNKSUB = Symbol('consumeChunkSub')
+const CONSUMEBODY = Symbol('consumeBody')
+const CONSUMEMETA = Symbol('consumeMeta')
+const CONSUMEHEADER = Symbol('consumeHeader')
+const CONSUMING = Symbol('consuming')
+const BUFFERCONCAT = Symbol('bufferConcat')
+const MAYBEEND = Symbol('maybeEnd')
+const WRITING = Symbol('writing')
+const ABORTED = Symbol('aborted')
+const DONE = Symbol('onDone')
+const SAW_VALID_ENTRY = Symbol('sawValidEntry')
+const SAW_NULL_BLOCK = Symbol('sawNullBlock')
+const SAW_EOF = Symbol('sawEOF')
+
+const noop = _ => true
+
+module.exports = warner(class Parser extends EE {
+  constructor (opt) {
+    opt = opt || {}
+    super(opt)
+
+    this.file = opt.file || ''
+
+    // set to boolean false when an entry starts.  1024 bytes of \0
+    // is technically a valid tarball, albeit a boring one.
+    this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY] = null
+
+    // these BADARCHIVE errors can't be detected early. listen on DONE.
+    this.on(DONE, _ => {
+      if (this[STATE] === 'begin' || this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY] === false) {
+        // either less than 1 block of data, or all entries were invalid.
+        // Either way, probably not even a tarball.
+        this.warn('TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE', 'Unrecognized archive format')
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (opt.ondone)
+      this.on(DONE, opt.ondone)
+    else {
+      this.on(DONE, _ => {
+        this.emit('prefinish')
+        this.emit('finish')
+        this.emit('end')
+        this.emit('close')
+      })
+    }
+
+    this.strict = !!opt.strict
+    this.maxMetaEntrySize = opt.maxMetaEntrySize || maxMetaEntrySize
+    this.filter = typeof opt.filter === 'function' ? opt.filter : noop
+
+    // have to set this so that streams are ok piping into it
+    this.writable = true
+    this.readable = false
+
+    this[QUEUE] = new Yallist()
+    this[BUFFER] = null
+    this[READENTRY] = null
+    this[WRITEENTRY] = null
+    this[STATE] = 'begin'
+    this[META] = ''
+    this[EX] = null
+    this[GEX] = null
+    this[ENDED] = false
+    this[UNZIP] = null
+    this[ABORTED] = false
+    this[SAW_NULL_BLOCK] = false
+    this[SAW_EOF] = false
+    if (typeof opt.onwarn === 'function')
+      this.on('warn', opt.onwarn)
+    if (typeof opt.onentry === 'function')
+      this.on('entry', opt.onentry)
+  }
+
+  [CONSUMEHEADER] (chunk, position) {
+    if (this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY] === null)
+      this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY] = false
+    let header
+    try {
+      header = new Header(chunk, position, this[EX], this[GEX])
+    } catch (er) {
+      return this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INVALID', er)
+    }
+
+    if (header.nullBlock) {
+      if (this[SAW_NULL_BLOCK]) {
+        this[SAW_EOF] = true
+        // ending an archive with no entries.  pointless, but legal.
+        if (this[STATE] === 'begin')
+          this[STATE] = 'header'
+        this[EMIT]('eof')
+      } else {
+        this[SAW_NULL_BLOCK] = true
+        this[EMIT]('nullBlock')
+      }
+    } else {
+      this[SAW_NULL_BLOCK] = false
+      if (!header.cksumValid)
+        this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INVALID', 'checksum failure', {header})
+      else if (!header.path)
+        this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INVALID', 'path is required', {header})
+      else {
+        const type = header.type
+        if (/^(Symbolic)?Link$/.test(type) && !header.linkpath)
+          this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INVALID', 'linkpath required', {header})
+        else if (!/^(Symbolic)?Link$/.test(type) && header.linkpath)
+          this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INVALID', 'linkpath forbidden', {header})
+        else {
+          const entry = this[WRITEENTRY] = new Entry(header, this[EX], this[GEX])
+
+          // we do this for meta & ignored entries as well, because they
+          // are still valid tar, or else we wouldn't know to ignore them
+          if (!this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY]) {
+            if (entry.remain) {
+              // this might be the one!
+              const onend = () => {
+                if (!entry.invalid)
+                  this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY] = true
+              }
+              entry.on('end', onend)
+            } else
+              this[SAW_VALID_ENTRY] = true
+          }
+
+          if (entry.meta) {
+            if (entry.size > this.maxMetaEntrySize) {
+              entry.ignore = true
+              this[EMIT]('ignoredEntry', entry)
+              this[STATE] = 'ignore'
+              entry.resume()
+            } else if (entry.size > 0) {
+              this[META] = ''
+              entry.on('data', c => this[META] += c)
+              this[STATE] = 'meta'
+            }
+          } else {
+            this[EX] = null
+            entry.ignore = entry.ignore || !this.filter(entry.path, entry)
+
+            if (entry.ignore) {
+              // probably valid, just not something we care about
+              this[EMIT]('ignoredEntry', entry)
+              this[STATE] = entry.remain ? 'ignore' : 'header'
+              entry.resume()
+            } else {
+              if (entry.remain)
+                this[STATE] = 'body'
+              else {
+                this[STATE] = 'header'
+                entry.end()
+              }
+
+              if (!this[READENTRY]) {
+                this[QUEUE].push(entry)
+                this[NEXTENTRY]()
+              } else
+                this[QUEUE].push(entry)
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [PROCESSENTRY] (entry) {
+    let go = true
+
+    if (!entry) {
+      this[READENTRY] = null
+      go = false
+    } else if (Array.isArray(entry))
+      this.emit.apply(this, entry)
+    else {
+      this[READENTRY] = entry
+      this.emit('entry', entry)
+      if (!entry.emittedEnd) {
+        entry.on('end', _ => this[NEXTENTRY]())
+        go = false
+      }
+    }
+
+    return go
+  }
+
+  [NEXTENTRY] () {
+    do {} while (this[PROCESSENTRY](this[QUEUE].shift()))
+
+    if (!this[QUEUE].length) {
+      // At this point, there's nothing in the queue, but we may have an
+      // entry which is being consumed (readEntry).
+      // If we don't, then we definitely can handle more data.
+      // If we do, and either it's flowing, or it has never had any data
+      // written to it, then it needs more.
+      // The only other possibility is that it has returned false from a
+      // write() call, so we wait for the next drain to continue.
+      const re = this[READENTRY]
+      const drainNow = !re || re.flowing || re.size === re.remain
+      if (drainNow) {
+        if (!this[WRITING])
+          this.emit('drain')
+      } else
+        re.once('drain', _ => this.emit('drain'))
+    }
+  }
+
+  [CONSUMEBODY] (chunk, position) {
+    // write up to but no  more than writeEntry.blockRemain
+    const entry = this[WRITEENTRY]
+    const br = entry.blockRemain
+    const c = (br >= chunk.length && position === 0) ? chunk
+      : chunk.slice(position, position + br)
+
+    entry.write(c)
+
+    if (!entry.blockRemain) {
+      this[STATE] = 'header'
+      this[WRITEENTRY] = null
+      entry.end()
+    }
+
+    return c.length
+  }
+
+  [CONSUMEMETA] (chunk, position) {
+    const entry = this[WRITEENTRY]
+    const ret = this[CONSUMEBODY](chunk, position)
+
+    // if we finished, then the entry is reset
+    if (!this[WRITEENTRY])
+      this[EMITMETA](entry)
+
+    return ret
+  }
+
+  [EMIT] (ev, data, extra) {
+    if (!this[QUEUE].length && !this[READENTRY])
+      this.emit(ev, data, extra)
+    else
+      this[QUEUE].push([ev, data, extra])
+  }
+
+  [EMITMETA] (entry) {
+    this[EMIT]('meta', this[META])
+    switch (entry.type) {
+      case 'ExtendedHeader':
+      case 'OldExtendedHeader':
+        this[EX] = Pax.parse(this[META], this[EX], false)
+        break
+
+      case 'GlobalExtendedHeader':
+        this[GEX] = Pax.parse(this[META], this[GEX], true)
+        break
+
+      case 'NextFileHasLongPath':
+      case 'OldGnuLongPath':
+        this[EX] = this[EX] || Object.create(null)
+        this[EX].path = this[META].replace(/\0.*/, '')
+        break
+
+      case 'NextFileHasLongLinkpath':
+        this[EX] = this[EX] || Object.create(null)
+        this[EX].linkpath = this[META].replace(/\0.*/, '')
+        break
+
+      /* istanbul ignore next */
+      default: throw new Error('unknown meta: ' + entry.type)
+    }
+  }
+
+  abort (error) {
+    this[ABORTED] = true
+    this.emit('abort', error)
+    // always throws, even in non-strict mode
+    this.warn('TAR_ABORT', error, { recoverable: false })
+  }
+
+  write (chunk) {
+    if (this[ABORTED])
+      return
+
+    // first write, might be gzipped
+    if (this[UNZIP] === null && chunk) {
+      if (this[BUFFER]) {
+        chunk = Buffer.concat([this[BUFFER], chunk])
+        this[BUFFER] = null
+      }
+      if (chunk.length < gzipHeader.length) {
+        this[BUFFER] = chunk
+        return true
+      }
+      for (let i = 0; this[UNZIP] === null && i < gzipHeader.length; i++) {
+        if (chunk[i] !== gzipHeader[i])
+          this[UNZIP] = false
+      }
+      if (this[UNZIP] === null) {
+        const ended = this[ENDED]
+        this[ENDED] = false
+        this[UNZIP] = new zlib.Unzip()
+        this[UNZIP].on('data', chunk => this[CONSUMECHUNK](chunk))
+        this[UNZIP].on('error', er => this.abort(er))
+        this[UNZIP].on('end', _ => {
+          this[ENDED] = true
+          this[CONSUMECHUNK]()
+        })
+        this[WRITING] = true
+        const ret = this[UNZIP][ended ? 'end' : 'write'](chunk)
+        this[WRITING] = false
+        return ret
+      }
+    }
+
+    this[WRITING] = true
+    if (this[UNZIP])
+      this[UNZIP].write(chunk)
+    else
+      this[CONSUMECHUNK](chunk)
+    this[WRITING] = false
+
+    // return false if there's a queue, or if the current entry isn't flowing
+    const ret =
+      this[QUEUE].length ? false :
+      this[READENTRY] ? this[READENTRY].flowing :
+      true
+
+    // if we have no queue, then that means a clogged READENTRY
+    if (!ret && !this[QUEUE].length)
+      this[READENTRY].once('drain', _ => this.emit('drain'))
+
+    return ret
+  }
+
+  [BUFFERCONCAT] (c) {
+    if (c && !this[ABORTED])
+      this[BUFFER] = this[BUFFER] ? Buffer.concat([this[BUFFER], c]) : c
+  }
+
+  [MAYBEEND] () {
+    if (this[ENDED] &&
+        !this[EMITTEDEND] &&
+        !this[ABORTED] &&
+        !this[CONSUMING]) {
+      this[EMITTEDEND] = true
+      const entry = this[WRITEENTRY]
+      if (entry && entry.blockRemain) {
+        // truncated, likely a damaged file
+        const have = this[BUFFER] ? this[BUFFER].length : 0
+        this.warn('TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE', `Truncated input (needed ${
+          entry.blockRemain} more bytes, only ${have} available)`, {entry})
+        if (this[BUFFER])
+          entry.write(this[BUFFER])
+        entry.end()
+      }
+      this[EMIT](DONE)
+    }
+  }
+
+  [CONSUMECHUNK] (chunk) {
+    if (this[CONSUMING])
+      this[BUFFERCONCAT](chunk)
+    else if (!chunk && !this[BUFFER])
+      this[MAYBEEND]()
+    else {
+      this[CONSUMING] = true
+      if (this[BUFFER]) {
+        this[BUFFERCONCAT](chunk)
+        const c = this[BUFFER]
+        this[BUFFER] = null
+        this[CONSUMECHUNKSUB](c)
+      } else
+        this[CONSUMECHUNKSUB](chunk)
+
+      while (this[BUFFER] &&
+          this[BUFFER].length >= 512 &&
+          !this[ABORTED] &&
+          !this[SAW_EOF]) {
+        const c = this[BUFFER]
+        this[BUFFER] = null
+        this[CONSUMECHUNKSUB](c)
+      }
+      this[CONSUMING] = false
+    }
+
+    if (!this[BUFFER] || this[ENDED])
+      this[MAYBEEND]()
+  }
+
+  [CONSUMECHUNKSUB] (chunk) {
+    // we know that we are in CONSUMING mode, so anything written goes into
+    // the buffer.  Advance the position and put any remainder in the buffer.
+    let position = 0
+    const length = chunk.length
+    while (position + 512 <= length && !this[ABORTED] && !this[SAW_EOF]) {
+      switch (this[STATE]) {
+        case 'begin':
+        case 'header':
+          this[CONSUMEHEADER](chunk, position)
+          position += 512
+          break
+
+        case 'ignore':
+        case 'body':
+          position += this[CONSUMEBODY](chunk, position)
+          break
+
+        case 'meta':
+          position += this[CONSUMEMETA](chunk, position)
+          break
+
+        /* istanbul ignore next */
+        default:
+          throw new Error('invalid state: ' + this[STATE])
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (position < length) {
+      if (this[BUFFER])
+        this[BUFFER] = Buffer.concat([chunk.slice(position), this[BUFFER]])
+      else
+        this[BUFFER] = chunk.slice(position)
+    }
+  }
+
+  end (chunk) {
+    if (!this[ABORTED]) {
+      if (this[UNZIP])
+        this[UNZIP].end(chunk)
+      else {
+        this[ENDED] = true
+        this.write(chunk)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/path-reservations.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/path-reservations.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0a16b0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/path-reservations.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// A path exclusive reservation system
+// reserve([list, of, paths], fn)
+// When the fn is first in line for all its paths, it
+// is called with a cb that clears the reservation.
+//
+// Used by async unpack to avoid clobbering paths in use,
+// while still allowing maximal safe parallelization.
+
+const assert = require('assert')
+
+module.exports = () => {
+  // path => [function or Set]
+  // A Set object means a directory reservation
+  // A fn is a direct reservation on that path
+  const queues = new Map()
+
+  // fn => {paths:[path,...], dirs:[path, ...]}
+  const reservations = new Map()
+
+  // return a set of parent dirs for a given path
+  const { join } = require('path')
+  const getDirs = path =>
+    join(path).split(/[\\/]/).slice(0, -1).reduce((set, path) =>
+      set.length ? set.concat(join(set[set.length - 1], path)) : [path], [])
+
+  // functions currently running
+  const running = new Set()
+
+  // return the queues for each path the function cares about
+  // fn => {paths, dirs}
+  const getQueues = fn => {
+    const res = reservations.get(fn)
+    /* istanbul ignore if - unpossible */
+    if (!res)
+      throw new Error('function does not have any path reservations')
+    return {
+      paths: res.paths.map(path => queues.get(path)),
+      dirs: [...res.dirs].map(path => queues.get(path)),
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check if fn is first in line for all its paths, and is
+  // included in the first set for all its dir queues
+  const check = fn => {
+    const {paths, dirs} = getQueues(fn)
+    return paths.every(q => q[0] === fn) &&
+      dirs.every(q => q[0] instanceof Set && q[0].has(fn))
+  }
+
+  // run the function if it's first in line and not already running
+  const run = fn => {
+    if (running.has(fn) || !check(fn))
+      return false
+    running.add(fn)
+    fn(() => clear(fn))
+    return true
+  }
+
+  const clear = fn => {
+    if (!running.has(fn))
+      return false
+
+    const { paths, dirs } = reservations.get(fn)
+    const next = new Set()
+
+    paths.forEach(path => {
+      const q = queues.get(path)
+      assert.equal(q[0], fn)
+      if (q.length === 1)
+        queues.delete(path)
+      else {
+        q.shift()
+        if (typeof q[0] === 'function')
+          next.add(q[0])
+        else
+          q[0].forEach(fn => next.add(fn))
+      }
+    })
+
+    dirs.forEach(dir => {
+      const q = queues.get(dir)
+      assert(q[0] instanceof Set)
+      if (q[0].size === 1 && q.length === 1)
+        queues.delete(dir)
+      else if (q[0].size === 1) {
+        q.shift()
+
+        // must be a function or else the Set would've been reused
+        next.add(q[0])
+      } else
+        q[0].delete(fn)
+    })
+    running.delete(fn)
+
+    next.forEach(fn => run(fn))
+    return true
+  }
+
+  const reserve = (paths, fn) => {
+    const dirs = new Set(
+      paths.map(path => getDirs(path)).reduce((a, b) => a.concat(b))
+    )
+    reservations.set(fn, {dirs, paths})
+    paths.forEach(path => {
+      const q = queues.get(path)
+      if (!q)
+        queues.set(path, [fn])
+      else
+        q.push(fn)
+    })
+    dirs.forEach(dir => {
+      const q = queues.get(dir)
+      if (!q)
+        queues.set(dir, [new Set([fn])])
+      else if (q[q.length - 1] instanceof Set)
+        q[q.length - 1].add(fn)
+      else
+        q.push(new Set([fn]))
+    })
+
+    return run(fn)
+  }
+
+  return { check, reserve }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/pax.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/pax.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7768c7b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/pax.js
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+'use strict'
+const Header = require('./header.js')
+const path = require('path')
+
+class Pax {
+  constructor (obj, global) {
+    this.atime = obj.atime || null
+    this.charset = obj.charset || null
+    this.comment = obj.comment || null
+    this.ctime = obj.ctime || null
+    this.gid = obj.gid || null
+    this.gname = obj.gname || null
+    this.linkpath = obj.linkpath || null
+    this.mtime = obj.mtime || null
+    this.path = obj.path || null
+    this.size = obj.size || null
+    this.uid = obj.uid || null
+    this.uname = obj.uname || null
+    this.dev = obj.dev || null
+    this.ino = obj.ino || null
+    this.nlink = obj.nlink || null
+    this.global = global || false
+  }
+
+  encode () {
+    const body = this.encodeBody()
+    if (body === '')
+      return null
+
+    const bodyLen = Buffer.byteLength(body)
+    // round up to 512 bytes
+    // add 512 for header
+    const bufLen = 512 * Math.ceil(1 + bodyLen / 512)
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(bufLen)
+
+    // 0-fill the header section, it might not hit every field
+    for (let i = 0; i < 512; i++)
+      buf[i] = 0
+
+    new Header({
+      // XXX split the path
+      // then the path should be PaxHeader + basename, but less than 99,
+      // prepend with the dirname
+      path: ('PaxHeader/' + path.basename(this.path)).slice(0, 99),
+      mode: this.mode || 0o644,
+      uid: this.uid || null,
+      gid: this.gid || null,
+      size: bodyLen,
+      mtime: this.mtime || null,
+      type: this.global ? 'GlobalExtendedHeader' : 'ExtendedHeader',
+      linkpath: '',
+      uname: this.uname || '',
+      gname: this.gname || '',
+      devmaj: 0,
+      devmin: 0,
+      atime: this.atime || null,
+      ctime: this.ctime || null,
+    }).encode(buf)
+
+    buf.write(body, 512, bodyLen, 'utf8')
+
+    // null pad after the body
+    for (let i = bodyLen + 512; i < buf.length; i++)
+      buf[i] = 0
+
+    return buf
+  }
+
+  encodeBody () {
+    return (
+      this.encodeField('path') +
+      this.encodeField('ctime') +
+      this.encodeField('atime') +
+      this.encodeField('dev') +
+      this.encodeField('ino') +
+      this.encodeField('nlink') +
+      this.encodeField('charset') +
+      this.encodeField('comment') +
+      this.encodeField('gid') +
+      this.encodeField('gname') +
+      this.encodeField('linkpath') +
+      this.encodeField('mtime') +
+      this.encodeField('size') +
+      this.encodeField('uid') +
+      this.encodeField('uname')
+    )
+  }
+
+  encodeField (field) {
+    if (this[field] === null || this[field] === undefined)
+      return ''
+    const v = this[field] instanceof Date ? this[field].getTime() / 1000
+      : this[field]
+    const s = ' ' +
+      (field === 'dev' || field === 'ino' || field === 'nlink'
+        ? 'SCHILY.' : '') +
+      field + '=' + v + '\n'
+    const byteLen = Buffer.byteLength(s)
+    // the digits includes the length of the digits in ascii base-10
+    // so if it's 9 characters, then adding 1 for the 9 makes it 10
+    // which makes it 11 chars.
+    let digits = Math.floor(Math.log(byteLen) / Math.log(10)) + 1
+    if (byteLen + digits >= Math.pow(10, digits))
+      digits += 1
+    const len = digits + byteLen
+    return len + s
+  }
+}
+
+Pax.parse = (string, ex, g) => new Pax(merge(parseKV(string), ex), g)
+
+const merge = (a, b) =>
+  b ? Object.keys(a).reduce((s, k) => (s[k] = a[k], s), b) : a
+
+const parseKV = string =>
+  string
+    .replace(/\n$/, '')
+    .split('\n')
+    .reduce(parseKVLine, Object.create(null))
+
+const parseKVLine = (set, line) => {
+  const n = parseInt(line, 10)
+
+  // XXX Values with \n in them will fail this.
+  // Refactor to not be a naive line-by-line parse.
+  if (n !== Buffer.byteLength(line) + 1)
+    return set
+
+  line = line.substr((n + ' ').length)
+  const kv = line.split('=')
+  const k = kv.shift().replace(/^SCHILY\.(dev|ino|nlink)/, '$1')
+  if (!k)
+    return set
+
+  const v = kv.join('=')
+  set[k] = /^([A-Z]+\.)?([mac]|birth|creation)time$/.test(k)
+    ? new Date(v * 1000)
+    : /^[0-9]+$/.test(v) ? +v
+    : v
+  return set
+}
+
+module.exports = Pax
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/read-entry.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/read-entry.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6661cba5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/read-entry.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+'use strict'
+const MiniPass = require('minipass')
+
+const SLURP = Symbol('slurp')
+module.exports = class ReadEntry extends MiniPass {
+  constructor (header, ex, gex) {
+    super()
+    // read entries always start life paused.  this is to avoid the
+    // situation where Minipass's auto-ending empty streams results
+    // in an entry ending before we're ready for it.
+    this.pause()
+    this.extended = ex
+    this.globalExtended = gex
+    this.header = header
+    this.startBlockSize = 512 * Math.ceil(header.size / 512)
+    this.blockRemain = this.startBlockSize
+    this.remain = header.size
+    this.type = header.type
+    this.meta = false
+    this.ignore = false
+    switch (this.type) {
+      case 'File':
+      case 'OldFile':
+      case 'Link':
+      case 'SymbolicLink':
+      case 'CharacterDevice':
+      case 'BlockDevice':
+      case 'Directory':
+      case 'FIFO':
+      case 'ContiguousFile':
+      case 'GNUDumpDir':
+        break
+
+      case 'NextFileHasLongLinkpath':
+      case 'NextFileHasLongPath':
+      case 'OldGnuLongPath':
+      case 'GlobalExtendedHeader':
+      case 'ExtendedHeader':
+      case 'OldExtendedHeader':
+        this.meta = true
+        break
+
+      // NOTE: gnutar and bsdtar treat unrecognized types as 'File'
+      // it may be worth doing the same, but with a warning.
+      default:
+        this.ignore = true
+    }
+
+    this.path = header.path
+    this.mode = header.mode
+    if (this.mode)
+      this.mode = this.mode & 0o7777
+    this.uid = header.uid
+    this.gid = header.gid
+    this.uname = header.uname
+    this.gname = header.gname
+    this.size = header.size
+    this.mtime = header.mtime
+    this.atime = header.atime
+    this.ctime = header.ctime
+    this.linkpath = header.linkpath
+    this.uname = header.uname
+    this.gname = header.gname
+
+    if (ex)
+      this[SLURP](ex)
+    if (gex)
+      this[SLURP](gex, true)
+  }
+
+  write (data) {
+    const writeLen = data.length
+    if (writeLen > this.blockRemain)
+      throw new Error('writing more to entry than is appropriate')
+
+    const r = this.remain
+    const br = this.blockRemain
+    this.remain = Math.max(0, r - writeLen)
+    this.blockRemain = Math.max(0, br - writeLen)
+    if (this.ignore)
+      return true
+
+    if (r >= writeLen)
+      return super.write(data)
+
+    // r < writeLen
+    return super.write(data.slice(0, r))
+  }
+
+  [SLURP] (ex, global) {
+    for (const k in ex) {
+      // we slurp in everything except for the path attribute in
+      // a global extended header, because that's weird.
+      if (ex[k] !== null && ex[k] !== undefined &&
+          !(global && k === 'path'))
+        this[k] = ex[k]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/replace.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/replace.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5e2a4255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/replace.js
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// tar -r
+const hlo = require('./high-level-opt.js')
+const Pack = require('./pack.js')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const fsm = require('fs-minipass')
+const t = require('./list.js')
+const path = require('path')
+
+// starting at the head of the file, read a Header
+// If the checksum is invalid, that's our position to start writing
+// If it is, jump forward by the specified size (round up to 512)
+// and try again.
+// Write the new Pack stream starting there.
+
+const Header = require('./header.js')
+
+module.exports = (opt_, files, cb) => {
+  const opt = hlo(opt_)
+
+  if (!opt.file)
+    throw new TypeError('file is required')
+
+  if (opt.gzip)
+    throw new TypeError('cannot append to compressed archives')
+
+  if (!files || !Array.isArray(files) || !files.length)
+    throw new TypeError('no files or directories specified')
+
+  files = Array.from(files)
+
+  return opt.sync ? replaceSync(opt, files)
+    : replace(opt, files, cb)
+}
+
+const replaceSync = (opt, files) => {
+  const p = new Pack.Sync(opt)
+
+  let threw = true
+  let fd
+  let position
+
+  try {
+    try {
+      fd = fs.openSync(opt.file, 'r+')
+    } catch (er) {
+      if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+        fd = fs.openSync(opt.file, 'w+')
+      else
+        throw er
+    }
+
+    const st = fs.fstatSync(fd)
+    const headBuf = Buffer.alloc(512)
+
+    POSITION: for (position = 0; position < st.size; position += 512) {
+      for (let bufPos = 0, bytes = 0; bufPos < 512; bufPos += bytes) {
+        bytes = fs.readSync(
+          fd, headBuf, bufPos, headBuf.length - bufPos, position + bufPos
+        )
+
+        if (position === 0 && headBuf[0] === 0x1f && headBuf[1] === 0x8b)
+          throw new Error('cannot append to compressed archives')
+
+        if (!bytes)
+          break POSITION
+      }
+
+      const h = new Header(headBuf)
+      if (!h.cksumValid)
+        break
+      const entryBlockSize = 512 * Math.ceil(h.size / 512)
+      if (position + entryBlockSize + 512 > st.size)
+        break
+      // the 512 for the header we just parsed will be added as well
+      // also jump ahead all the blocks for the body
+      position += entryBlockSize
+      if (opt.mtimeCache)
+        opt.mtimeCache.set(h.path, h.mtime)
+    }
+    threw = false
+
+    streamSync(opt, p, position, fd, files)
+  } finally {
+    if (threw) {
+      try {
+        fs.closeSync(fd)
+      } catch (er) {}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const streamSync = (opt, p, position, fd, files) => {
+  const stream = new fsm.WriteStreamSync(opt.file, {
+    fd: fd,
+    start: position,
+  })
+  p.pipe(stream)
+  addFilesSync(p, files)
+}
+
+const replace = (opt, files, cb) => {
+  files = Array.from(files)
+  const p = new Pack(opt)
+
+  const getPos = (fd, size, cb_) => {
+    const cb = (er, pos) => {
+      if (er)
+        fs.close(fd, _ => cb_(er))
+      else
+        cb_(null, pos)
+    }
+
+    let position = 0
+    if (size === 0)
+      return cb(null, 0)
+
+    let bufPos = 0
+    const headBuf = Buffer.alloc(512)
+    const onread = (er, bytes) => {
+      if (er)
+        return cb(er)
+      bufPos += bytes
+      if (bufPos < 512 && bytes) {
+        return fs.read(
+          fd, headBuf, bufPos, headBuf.length - bufPos,
+          position + bufPos, onread
+        )
+      }
+
+      if (position === 0 && headBuf[0] === 0x1f && headBuf[1] === 0x8b)
+        return cb(new Error('cannot append to compressed archives'))
+
+      // truncated header
+      if (bufPos < 512)
+        return cb(null, position)
+
+      const h = new Header(headBuf)
+      if (!h.cksumValid)
+        return cb(null, position)
+
+      const entryBlockSize = 512 * Math.ceil(h.size / 512)
+      if (position + entryBlockSize + 512 > size)
+        return cb(null, position)
+
+      position += entryBlockSize + 512
+      if (position >= size)
+        return cb(null, position)
+
+      if (opt.mtimeCache)
+        opt.mtimeCache.set(h.path, h.mtime)
+      bufPos = 0
+      fs.read(fd, headBuf, 0, 512, position, onread)
+    }
+    fs.read(fd, headBuf, 0, 512, position, onread)
+  }
+
+  const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    p.on('error', reject)
+    let flag = 'r+'
+    const onopen = (er, fd) => {
+      if (er && er.code === 'ENOENT' && flag === 'r+') {
+        flag = 'w+'
+        return fs.open(opt.file, flag, onopen)
+      }
+
+      if (er)
+        return reject(er)
+
+      fs.fstat(fd, (er, st) => {
+        if (er)
+          return reject(er)
+        getPos(fd, st.size, (er, position) => {
+          if (er)
+            return reject(er)
+          const stream = new fsm.WriteStream(opt.file, {
+            fd: fd,
+            start: position,
+          })
+          p.pipe(stream)
+          stream.on('error', reject)
+          stream.on('close', resolve)
+          addFilesAsync(p, files)
+        })
+      })
+    }
+    fs.open(opt.file, flag, onopen)
+  })
+
+  return cb ? promise.then(cb, cb) : promise
+}
+
+const addFilesSync = (p, files) => {
+  files.forEach(file => {
+    if (file.charAt(0) === '@') {
+      t({
+        file: path.resolve(p.cwd, file.substr(1)),
+        sync: true,
+        noResume: true,
+        onentry: entry => p.add(entry),
+      })
+    } else
+      p.add(file)
+  })
+  p.end()
+}
+
+const addFilesAsync = (p, files) => {
+  while (files.length) {
+    const file = files.shift()
+    if (file.charAt(0) === '@') {
+      return t({
+        file: path.resolve(p.cwd, file.substr(1)),
+        noResume: true,
+        onentry: entry => p.add(entry),
+      }).then(_ => addFilesAsync(p, files))
+    } else
+      p.add(file)
+  }
+  p.end()
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/types.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/types.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bfc25465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/types.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+'use strict'
+// map types from key to human-friendly name
+exports.name = new Map([
+  ['0', 'File'],
+  // same as File
+  ['', 'OldFile'],
+  ['1', 'Link'],
+  ['2', 'SymbolicLink'],
+  // Devices and FIFOs aren't fully supported
+  // they are parsed, but skipped when unpacking
+  ['3', 'CharacterDevice'],
+  ['4', 'BlockDevice'],
+  ['5', 'Directory'],
+  ['6', 'FIFO'],
+  // same as File
+  ['7', 'ContiguousFile'],
+  // pax headers
+  ['g', 'GlobalExtendedHeader'],
+  ['x', 'ExtendedHeader'],
+  // vendor-specific stuff
+  // skip
+  ['A', 'SolarisACL'],
+  // like 5, but with data, which should be skipped
+  ['D', 'GNUDumpDir'],
+  // metadata only, skip
+  ['I', 'Inode'],
+  // data = link path of next file
+  ['K', 'NextFileHasLongLinkpath'],
+  // data = path of next file
+  ['L', 'NextFileHasLongPath'],
+  // skip
+  ['M', 'ContinuationFile'],
+  // like L
+  ['N', 'OldGnuLongPath'],
+  // skip
+  ['S', 'SparseFile'],
+  // skip
+  ['V', 'TapeVolumeHeader'],
+  // like x
+  ['X', 'OldExtendedHeader'],
+])
+
+// map the other direction
+exports.code = new Map(Array.from(exports.name).map(kv => [kv[1], kv[0]]))
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/unpack.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/unpack.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d4b79d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/unpack.js
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// the PEND/UNPEND stuff tracks whether we're ready to emit end/close yet.
+// but the path reservations are required to avoid race conditions where
+// parallelized unpack ops may mess with one another, due to dependencies
+// (like a Link depending on its target) or destructive operations (like
+// clobbering an fs object to create one of a different type.)
+
+const assert = require('assert')
+const Parser = require('./parse.js')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const fsm = require('fs-minipass')
+const path = require('path')
+const mkdir = require('./mkdir.js')
+const wc = require('./winchars.js')
+const pathReservations = require('./path-reservations.js')
+
+const ONENTRY = Symbol('onEntry')
+const CHECKFS = Symbol('checkFs')
+const CHECKFS2 = Symbol('checkFs2')
+const ISREUSABLE = Symbol('isReusable')
+const MAKEFS = Symbol('makeFs')
+const FILE = Symbol('file')
+const DIRECTORY = Symbol('directory')
+const LINK = Symbol('link')
+const SYMLINK = Symbol('symlink')
+const HARDLINK = Symbol('hardlink')
+const UNSUPPORTED = Symbol('unsupported')
+const CHECKPATH = Symbol('checkPath')
+const MKDIR = Symbol('mkdir')
+const ONERROR = Symbol('onError')
+const PENDING = Symbol('pending')
+const PEND = Symbol('pend')
+const UNPEND = Symbol('unpend')
+const ENDED = Symbol('ended')
+const MAYBECLOSE = Symbol('maybeClose')
+const SKIP = Symbol('skip')
+const DOCHOWN = Symbol('doChown')
+const UID = Symbol('uid')
+const GID = Symbol('gid')
+const crypto = require('crypto')
+const getFlag = require('./get-write-flag.js')
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const neverCalled = () => {
+  throw new Error('sync function called cb somehow?!?')
+}
+
+// Unlinks on Windows are not atomic.
+//
+// This means that if you have a file entry, followed by another
+// file entry with an identical name, and you cannot re-use the file
+// (because it's a hardlink, or because unlink:true is set, or it's
+// Windows, which does not have useful nlink values), then the unlink
+// will be committed to the disk AFTER the new file has been written
+// over the old one, deleting the new file.
+//
+// To work around this, on Windows systems, we rename the file and then
+// delete the renamed file.  It's a sloppy kludge, but frankly, I do not
+// know of a better way to do this, given windows' non-atomic unlink
+// semantics.
+//
+// See: https://github.com/npm/node-tar/issues/183
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const unlinkFile = (path, cb) => {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32')
+    return fs.unlink(path, cb)
+
+  const name = path + '.DELETE.' + crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex')
+  fs.rename(path, name, er => {
+    if (er)
+      return cb(er)
+    fs.unlink(name, cb)
+  })
+}
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const unlinkFileSync = path => {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32')
+    return fs.unlinkSync(path)
+
+  const name = path + '.DELETE.' + crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex')
+  fs.renameSync(path, name)
+  fs.unlinkSync(name)
+}
+
+// this.gid, entry.gid, this.processUid
+const uint32 = (a, b, c) =>
+  a === a >>> 0 ? a
+  : b === b >>> 0 ? b
+  : c
+
+class Unpack extends Parser {
+  constructor (opt) {
+    if (!opt)
+      opt = {}
+
+    opt.ondone = _ => {
+      this[ENDED] = true
+      this[MAYBECLOSE]()
+    }
+
+    super(opt)
+
+    this.reservations = pathReservations()
+
+    this.transform = typeof opt.transform === 'function' ? opt.transform : null
+
+    this.writable = true
+    this.readable = false
+
+    this[PENDING] = 0
+    this[ENDED] = false
+
+    this.dirCache = opt.dirCache || new Map()
+
+    if (typeof opt.uid === 'number' || typeof opt.gid === 'number') {
+      // need both or neither
+      if (typeof opt.uid !== 'number' || typeof opt.gid !== 'number')
+        throw new TypeError('cannot set owner without number uid and gid')
+      if (opt.preserveOwner) {
+        throw new TypeError(
+          'cannot preserve owner in archive and also set owner explicitly')
+      }
+      this.uid = opt.uid
+      this.gid = opt.gid
+      this.setOwner = true
+    } else {
+      this.uid = null
+      this.gid = null
+      this.setOwner = false
+    }
+
+    // default true for root
+    if (opt.preserveOwner === undefined && typeof opt.uid !== 'number')
+      this.preserveOwner = process.getuid && process.getuid() === 0
+    else
+      this.preserveOwner = !!opt.preserveOwner
+
+    this.processUid = (this.preserveOwner || this.setOwner) && process.getuid ?
+      process.getuid() : null
+    this.processGid = (this.preserveOwner || this.setOwner) && process.getgid ?
+      process.getgid() : null
+
+    // mostly just for testing, but useful in some cases.
+    // Forcibly trigger a chown on every entry, no matter what
+    this.forceChown = opt.forceChown === true
+
+    // turn ><?| in filenames into 0xf000-higher encoded forms
+    this.win32 = !!opt.win32 || process.platform === 'win32'
+
+    // do not unpack over files that are newer than what's in the archive
+    this.newer = !!opt.newer
+
+    // do not unpack over ANY files
+    this.keep = !!opt.keep
+
+    // do not set mtime/atime of extracted entries
+    this.noMtime = !!opt.noMtime
+
+    // allow .., absolute path entries, and unpacking through symlinks
+    // without this, warn and skip .., relativize absolutes, and error
+    // on symlinks in extraction path
+    this.preservePaths = !!opt.preservePaths
+
+    // unlink files and links before writing. This breaks existing hard
+    // links, and removes symlink directories rather than erroring
+    this.unlink = !!opt.unlink
+
+    this.cwd = path.resolve(opt.cwd || process.cwd())
+    this.strip = +opt.strip || 0
+    // if we're not chmodding, then we don't need the process umask
+    this.processUmask = opt.noChmod ? 0 : process.umask()
+    this.umask = typeof opt.umask === 'number' ? opt.umask : this.processUmask
+
+    // default mode for dirs created as parents
+    this.dmode = opt.dmode || (0o0777 & (~this.umask))
+    this.fmode = opt.fmode || (0o0666 & (~this.umask))
+
+    this.on('entry', entry => this[ONENTRY](entry))
+  }
+
+  // a bad or damaged archive is a warning for Parser, but an error
+  // when extracting.  Mark those errors as unrecoverable, because
+  // the Unpack contract cannot be met.
+  warn (code, msg, data = {}) {
+    if (code === 'TAR_BAD_ARCHIVE' || code === 'TAR_ABORT')
+      data.recoverable = false
+    return super.warn(code, msg, data)
+  }
+
+  [MAYBECLOSE] () {
+    if (this[ENDED] && this[PENDING] === 0) {
+      this.emit('prefinish')
+      this.emit('finish')
+      this.emit('end')
+      this.emit('close')
+    }
+  }
+
+  [CHECKPATH] (entry) {
+    if (this.strip) {
+      const parts = entry.path.split(/\/|\\/)
+      if (parts.length < this.strip)
+        return false
+      entry.path = parts.slice(this.strip).join('/')
+
+      if (entry.type === 'Link') {
+        const linkparts = entry.linkpath.split(/\/|\\/)
+        if (linkparts.length >= this.strip)
+          entry.linkpath = linkparts.slice(this.strip).join('/')
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!this.preservePaths) {
+      const p = entry.path
+      if (p.match(/(^|\/|\\)\.\.(\\|\/|$)/)) {
+        this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_ERROR', `path contains '..'`, {
+          entry,
+          path: p,
+        })
+        return false
+      }
+
+      // absolutes on posix are also absolutes on win32
+      // so we only need to test this one to get both
+      if (path.win32.isAbsolute(p)) {
+        const parsed = path.win32.parse(p)
+        entry.path = p.substr(parsed.root.length)
+        const r = parsed.root
+        this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INFO', `stripping ${r} from absolute path`, {
+          entry,
+          path: p,
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    // only encode : chars that aren't drive letter indicators
+    if (this.win32) {
+      const parsed = path.win32.parse(entry.path)
+      entry.path = parsed.root === '' ? wc.encode(entry.path)
+        : parsed.root + wc.encode(entry.path.substr(parsed.root.length))
+    }
+
+    if (path.isAbsolute(entry.path))
+      entry.absolute = entry.path
+    else
+      entry.absolute = path.resolve(this.cwd, entry.path)
+
+    return true
+  }
+
+  [ONENTRY] (entry) {
+    if (!this[CHECKPATH](entry))
+      return entry.resume()
+
+    assert.equal(typeof entry.absolute, 'string')
+
+    switch (entry.type) {
+      case 'Directory':
+      case 'GNUDumpDir':
+        if (entry.mode)
+          entry.mode = entry.mode | 0o700
+
+      case 'File':
+      case 'OldFile':
+      case 'ContiguousFile':
+      case 'Link':
+      case 'SymbolicLink':
+        return this[CHECKFS](entry)
+
+      case 'CharacterDevice':
+      case 'BlockDevice':
+      case 'FIFO':
+      default:
+        return this[UNSUPPORTED](entry)
+    }
+  }
+
+  [ONERROR] (er, entry) {
+    // Cwd has to exist, or else nothing works. That's serious.
+    // Other errors are warnings, which raise the error in strict
+    // mode, but otherwise continue on.
+    if (er.name === 'CwdError')
+      this.emit('error', er)
+    else {
+      this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_ERROR', er, {entry})
+      this[UNPEND]()
+      entry.resume()
+    }
+  }
+
+  [MKDIR] (dir, mode, cb) {
+    mkdir(dir, {
+      uid: this.uid,
+      gid: this.gid,
+      processUid: this.processUid,
+      processGid: this.processGid,
+      umask: this.processUmask,
+      preserve: this.preservePaths,
+      unlink: this.unlink,
+      cache: this.dirCache,
+      cwd: this.cwd,
+      mode: mode,
+      noChmod: this.noChmod,
+    }, cb)
+  }
+
+  [DOCHOWN] (entry) {
+    // in preserve owner mode, chown if the entry doesn't match process
+    // in set owner mode, chown if setting doesn't match process
+    return this.forceChown ||
+      this.preserveOwner &&
+      (typeof entry.uid === 'number' && entry.uid !== this.processUid ||
+        typeof entry.gid === 'number' && entry.gid !== this.processGid)
+      ||
+      (typeof this.uid === 'number' && this.uid !== this.processUid ||
+        typeof this.gid === 'number' && this.gid !== this.processGid)
+  }
+
+  [UID] (entry) {
+    return uint32(this.uid, entry.uid, this.processUid)
+  }
+
+  [GID] (entry) {
+    return uint32(this.gid, entry.gid, this.processGid)
+  }
+
+  [FILE] (entry, fullyDone) {
+    const mode = entry.mode & 0o7777 || this.fmode
+    const stream = new fsm.WriteStream(entry.absolute, {
+      flags: getFlag(entry.size),
+      mode: mode,
+      autoClose: false,
+    })
+    stream.on('error', er => this[ONERROR](er, entry))
+
+    let actions = 1
+    const done = er => {
+      if (er)
+        return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+
+      if (--actions === 0) {
+        fs.close(stream.fd, er => {
+          fullyDone()
+          er ? this[ONERROR](er, entry) : this[UNPEND]()
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    stream.on('finish', _ => {
+      // if futimes fails, try utimes
+      // if utimes fails, fail with the original error
+      // same for fchown/chown
+      const abs = entry.absolute
+      const fd = stream.fd
+
+      if (entry.mtime && !this.noMtime) {
+        actions++
+        const atime = entry.atime || new Date()
+        const mtime = entry.mtime
+        fs.futimes(fd, atime, mtime, er =>
+          er ? fs.utimes(abs, atime, mtime, er2 => done(er2 && er))
+          : done())
+      }
+
+      if (this[DOCHOWN](entry)) {
+        actions++
+        const uid = this[UID](entry)
+        const gid = this[GID](entry)
+        fs.fchown(fd, uid, gid, er =>
+          er ? fs.chown(abs, uid, gid, er2 => done(er2 && er))
+          : done())
+      }
+
+      done()
+    })
+
+    const tx = this.transform ? this.transform(entry) || entry : entry
+    if (tx !== entry) {
+      tx.on('error', er => this[ONERROR](er, entry))
+      entry.pipe(tx)
+    }
+    tx.pipe(stream)
+  }
+
+  [DIRECTORY] (entry, fullyDone) {
+    const mode = entry.mode & 0o7777 || this.dmode
+    this[MKDIR](entry.absolute, mode, er => {
+      if (er) {
+        fullyDone()
+        return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+      }
+
+      let actions = 1
+      const done = _ => {
+        if (--actions === 0) {
+          fullyDone()
+          this[UNPEND]()
+          entry.resume()
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (entry.mtime && !this.noMtime) {
+        actions++
+        fs.utimes(entry.absolute, entry.atime || new Date(), entry.mtime, done)
+      }
+
+      if (this[DOCHOWN](entry)) {
+        actions++
+        fs.chown(entry.absolute, this[UID](entry), this[GID](entry), done)
+      }
+
+      done()
+    })
+  }
+
+  [UNSUPPORTED] (entry) {
+    entry.unsupported = true
+    this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_UNSUPPORTED',
+      `unsupported entry type: ${entry.type}`, {entry})
+    entry.resume()
+  }
+
+  [SYMLINK] (entry, done) {
+    this[LINK](entry, entry.linkpath, 'symlink', done)
+  }
+
+  [HARDLINK] (entry, done) {
+    this[LINK](entry, path.resolve(this.cwd, entry.linkpath), 'link', done)
+  }
+
+  [PEND] () {
+    this[PENDING]++
+  }
+
+  [UNPEND] () {
+    this[PENDING]--
+    this[MAYBECLOSE]()
+  }
+
+  [SKIP] (entry) {
+    this[UNPEND]()
+    entry.resume()
+  }
+
+  // Check if we can reuse an existing filesystem entry safely and
+  // overwrite it, rather than unlinking and recreating
+  // Windows doesn't report a useful nlink, so we just never reuse entries
+  [ISREUSABLE] (entry, st) {
+    return entry.type === 'File' &&
+      !this.unlink &&
+      st.isFile() &&
+      st.nlink <= 1 &&
+      process.platform !== 'win32'
+  }
+
+  // check if a thing is there, and if so, try to clobber it
+  [CHECKFS] (entry) {
+    this[PEND]()
+    const paths = [entry.path]
+    if (entry.linkpath)
+      paths.push(entry.linkpath)
+    this.reservations.reserve(paths, done => this[CHECKFS2](entry, done))
+  }
+
+  [CHECKFS2] (entry, done) {
+    this[MKDIR](path.dirname(entry.absolute), this.dmode, er => {
+      if (er) {
+        done()
+        return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+      }
+      fs.lstat(entry.absolute, (er, st) => {
+        if (st && (this.keep || this.newer && st.mtime > entry.mtime)) {
+          this[SKIP](entry)
+          done()
+        } else if (er || this[ISREUSABLE](entry, st))
+          this[MAKEFS](null, entry, done)
+
+        else if (st.isDirectory()) {
+          if (entry.type === 'Directory') {
+            if (!this.noChmod && (!entry.mode || (st.mode & 0o7777) === entry.mode))
+              this[MAKEFS](null, entry, done)
+            else {
+              fs.chmod(entry.absolute, entry.mode,
+                er => this[MAKEFS](er, entry, done))
+            }
+          } else
+            fs.rmdir(entry.absolute, er => this[MAKEFS](er, entry, done))
+        } else
+          unlinkFile(entry.absolute, er => this[MAKEFS](er, entry, done))
+      })
+    })
+  }
+
+  [MAKEFS] (er, entry, done) {
+    if (er)
+      return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+
+    switch (entry.type) {
+      case 'File':
+      case 'OldFile':
+      case 'ContiguousFile':
+        return this[FILE](entry, done)
+
+      case 'Link':
+        return this[HARDLINK](entry, done)
+
+      case 'SymbolicLink':
+        return this[SYMLINK](entry, done)
+
+      case 'Directory':
+      case 'GNUDumpDir':
+        return this[DIRECTORY](entry, done)
+    }
+  }
+
+  [LINK] (entry, linkpath, link, done) {
+    // XXX: get the type ('file' or 'dir') for windows
+    fs[link](linkpath, entry.absolute, er => {
+      if (er)
+        return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+      done()
+      this[UNPEND]()
+      entry.resume()
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+class UnpackSync extends Unpack {
+  [CHECKFS] (entry) {
+    const er = this[MKDIR](path.dirname(entry.absolute), this.dmode, neverCalled)
+    if (er)
+      return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+    try {
+      const st = fs.lstatSync(entry.absolute)
+      if (this.keep || this.newer && st.mtime > entry.mtime)
+        return this[SKIP](entry)
+      else if (this[ISREUSABLE](entry, st))
+        return this[MAKEFS](null, entry, neverCalled)
+      else {
+        try {
+          if (st.isDirectory()) {
+            if (entry.type === 'Directory') {
+              if (!this.noChmod && entry.mode && (st.mode & 0o7777) !== entry.mode)
+                fs.chmodSync(entry.absolute, entry.mode)
+            } else
+              fs.rmdirSync(entry.absolute)
+          } else
+            unlinkFileSync(entry.absolute)
+          return this[MAKEFS](null, entry, neverCalled)
+        } catch (er) {
+          return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (er) {
+      return this[MAKEFS](null, entry, neverCalled)
+    }
+  }
+
+  [FILE] (entry, _) {
+    const mode = entry.mode & 0o7777 || this.fmode
+
+    const oner = er => {
+      let closeError
+      try {
+        fs.closeSync(fd)
+      } catch (e) {
+        closeError = e
+      }
+      if (er || closeError)
+        this[ONERROR](er || closeError, entry)
+    }
+
+    let fd
+    try {
+      fd = fs.openSync(entry.absolute, getFlag(entry.size), mode)
+    } catch (er) {
+      return oner(er)
+    }
+    const tx = this.transform ? this.transform(entry) || entry : entry
+    if (tx !== entry) {
+      tx.on('error', er => this[ONERROR](er, entry))
+      entry.pipe(tx)
+    }
+
+    tx.on('data', chunk => {
+      try {
+        fs.writeSync(fd, chunk, 0, chunk.length)
+      } catch (er) {
+        oner(er)
+      }
+    })
+
+    tx.on('end', _ => {
+      let er = null
+      // try both, falling futimes back to utimes
+      // if either fails, handle the first error
+      if (entry.mtime && !this.noMtime) {
+        const atime = entry.atime || new Date()
+        const mtime = entry.mtime
+        try {
+          fs.futimesSync(fd, atime, mtime)
+        } catch (futimeser) {
+          try {
+            fs.utimesSync(entry.absolute, atime, mtime)
+          } catch (utimeser) {
+            er = futimeser
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (this[DOCHOWN](entry)) {
+        const uid = this[UID](entry)
+        const gid = this[GID](entry)
+
+        try {
+          fs.fchownSync(fd, uid, gid)
+        } catch (fchowner) {
+          try {
+            fs.chownSync(entry.absolute, uid, gid)
+          } catch (chowner) {
+            er = er || fchowner
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      oner(er)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [DIRECTORY] (entry, _) {
+    const mode = entry.mode & 0o7777 || this.dmode
+    const er = this[MKDIR](entry.absolute, mode)
+    if (er)
+      return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+    if (entry.mtime && !this.noMtime) {
+      try {
+        fs.utimesSync(entry.absolute, entry.atime || new Date(), entry.mtime)
+      } catch (er) {}
+    }
+    if (this[DOCHOWN](entry)) {
+      try {
+        fs.chownSync(entry.absolute, this[UID](entry), this[GID](entry))
+      } catch (er) {}
+    }
+    entry.resume()
+  }
+
+  [MKDIR] (dir, mode) {
+    try {
+      return mkdir.sync(dir, {
+        uid: this.uid,
+        gid: this.gid,
+        processUid: this.processUid,
+        processGid: this.processGid,
+        umask: this.processUmask,
+        preserve: this.preservePaths,
+        unlink: this.unlink,
+        cache: this.dirCache,
+        cwd: this.cwd,
+        mode: mode,
+      })
+    } catch (er) {
+      return er
+    }
+  }
+
+  [LINK] (entry, linkpath, link, _) {
+    try {
+      fs[link + 'Sync'](linkpath, entry.absolute)
+      entry.resume()
+    } catch (er) {
+      return this[ONERROR](er, entry)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Unpack.Sync = UnpackSync
+module.exports = Unpack
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/update.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/update.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5784b73f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/update.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// tar -u
+
+const hlo = require('./high-level-opt.js')
+const r = require('./replace.js')
+// just call tar.r with the filter and mtimeCache
+
+module.exports = (opt_, files, cb) => {
+  const opt = hlo(opt_)
+
+  if (!opt.file)
+    throw new TypeError('file is required')
+
+  if (opt.gzip)
+    throw new TypeError('cannot append to compressed archives')
+
+  if (!files || !Array.isArray(files) || !files.length)
+    throw new TypeError('no files or directories specified')
+
+  files = Array.from(files)
+
+  mtimeFilter(opt)
+  return r(opt, files, cb)
+}
+
+const mtimeFilter = opt => {
+  const filter = opt.filter
+
+  if (!opt.mtimeCache)
+    opt.mtimeCache = new Map()
+
+  opt.filter = filter ? (path, stat) =>
+    filter(path, stat) && !(opt.mtimeCache.get(path) > stat.mtime)
+    : (path, stat) => !(opt.mtimeCache.get(path) > stat.mtime)
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/warn-mixin.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/warn-mixin.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aeebb531b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/warn-mixin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+'use strict'
+module.exports = Base => class extends Base {
+  warn (code, message, data = {}) {
+    if (this.file)
+      data.file = this.file
+    if (this.cwd)
+      data.cwd = this.cwd
+    data.code = message instanceof Error && message.code || code
+    data.tarCode = code
+    if (!this.strict && data.recoverable !== false) {
+      if (message instanceof Error) {
+        data = Object.assign(message, data)
+        message = message.message
+      }
+      this.emit('warn', data.tarCode, message, data)
+    } else if (message instanceof Error)
+      this.emit('error', Object.assign(message, data))
+    else
+      this.emit('error', Object.assign(new Error(`${code}: ${message}`), data))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/winchars.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/winchars.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebcab4aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/winchars.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict'
+
+// When writing files on Windows, translate the characters to their
+// 0xf000 higher-encoded versions.
+
+const raw = [
+  '|',
+  '<',
+  '>',
+  '?',
+  ':',
+]
+
+const win = raw.map(char =>
+  String.fromCharCode(0xf000 + char.charCodeAt(0)))
+
+const toWin = new Map(raw.map((char, i) => [char, win[i]]))
+const toRaw = new Map(win.map((char, i) => [char, raw[i]]))
+
+module.exports = {
+  encode: s => raw.reduce((s, c) => s.split(c).join(toWin.get(c)), s),
+  decode: s => win.reduce((s, c) => s.split(c).join(toRaw.get(c)), s),
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/write-entry.js b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/write-entry.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d0b746cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/lib/write-entry.js
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+'use strict'
+const MiniPass = require('minipass')
+const Pax = require('./pax.js')
+const Header = require('./header.js')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const path = require('path')
+
+const maxReadSize = 16 * 1024 * 1024
+const PROCESS = Symbol('process')
+const FILE = Symbol('file')
+const DIRECTORY = Symbol('directory')
+const SYMLINK = Symbol('symlink')
+const HARDLINK = Symbol('hardlink')
+const HEADER = Symbol('header')
+const READ = Symbol('read')
+const LSTAT = Symbol('lstat')
+const ONLSTAT = Symbol('onlstat')
+const ONREAD = Symbol('onread')
+const ONREADLINK = Symbol('onreadlink')
+const OPENFILE = Symbol('openfile')
+const ONOPENFILE = Symbol('onopenfile')
+const CLOSE = Symbol('close')
+const MODE = Symbol('mode')
+const warner = require('./warn-mixin.js')
+const winchars = require('./winchars.js')
+
+const modeFix = require('./mode-fix.js')
+
+const WriteEntry = warner(class WriteEntry extends MiniPass {
+  constructor (p, opt) {
+    opt = opt || {}
+    super(opt)
+    if (typeof p !== 'string')
+      throw new TypeError('path is required')
+    this.path = p
+    // suppress atime, ctime, uid, gid, uname, gname
+    this.portable = !!opt.portable
+    // until node has builtin pwnam functions, this'll have to do
+    this.myuid = process.getuid && process.getuid()
+    this.myuser = process.env.USER || ''
+    this.maxReadSize = opt.maxReadSize || maxReadSize
+    this.linkCache = opt.linkCache || new Map()
+    this.statCache = opt.statCache || new Map()
+    this.preservePaths = !!opt.preservePaths
+    this.cwd = opt.cwd || process.cwd()
+    this.strict = !!opt.strict
+    this.noPax = !!opt.noPax
+    this.noMtime = !!opt.noMtime
+    this.mtime = opt.mtime || null
+
+    if (typeof opt.onwarn === 'function')
+      this.on('warn', opt.onwarn)
+
+    let pathWarn = false
+    if (!this.preservePaths && path.win32.isAbsolute(p)) {
+      // absolutes on posix are also absolutes on win32
+      // so we only need to test this one to get both
+      const parsed = path.win32.parse(p)
+      this.path = p.substr(parsed.root.length)
+      pathWarn = parsed.root
+    }
+
+    this.win32 = !!opt.win32 || process.platform === 'win32'
+    if (this.win32) {
+      this.path = winchars.decode(this.path.replace(/\\/g, '/'))
+      p = p.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+    }
+
+    this.absolute = opt.absolute || path.resolve(this.cwd, p)
+
+    if (this.path === '')
+      this.path = './'
+
+    if (pathWarn) {
+      this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INFO', `stripping ${pathWarn} from absolute path`, {
+        entry: this,
+        path: pathWarn + this.path,
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (this.statCache.has(this.absolute))
+      this[ONLSTAT](this.statCache.get(this.absolute))
+    else
+      this[LSTAT]()
+  }
+
+  [LSTAT] () {
+    fs.lstat(this.absolute, (er, stat) => {
+      if (er)
+        return this.emit('error', er)
+      this[ONLSTAT](stat)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [ONLSTAT] (stat) {
+    this.statCache.set(this.absolute, stat)
+    this.stat = stat
+    if (!stat.isFile())
+      stat.size = 0
+    this.type = getType(stat)
+    this.emit('stat', stat)
+    this[PROCESS]()
+  }
+
+  [PROCESS] () {
+    switch (this.type) {
+      case 'File': return this[FILE]()
+      case 'Directory': return this[DIRECTORY]()
+      case 'SymbolicLink': return this[SYMLINK]()
+      // unsupported types are ignored.
+      default: return this.end()
+    }
+  }
+
+  [MODE] (mode) {
+    return modeFix(mode, this.type === 'Directory', this.portable)
+  }
+
+  [HEADER] () {
+    if (this.type === 'Directory' && this.portable)
+      this.noMtime = true
+
+    this.header = new Header({
+      path: this.path,
+      linkpath: this.linkpath,
+      // only the permissions and setuid/setgid/sticky bitflags
+      // not the higher-order bits that specify file type
+      mode: this[MODE](this.stat.mode),
+      uid: this.portable ? null : this.stat.uid,
+      gid: this.portable ? null : this.stat.gid,
+      size: this.stat.size,
+      mtime: this.noMtime ? null : this.mtime || this.stat.mtime,
+      type: this.type,
+      uname: this.portable ? null :
+      this.stat.uid === this.myuid ? this.myuser : '',
+      atime: this.portable ? null : this.stat.atime,
+      ctime: this.portable ? null : this.stat.ctime,
+    })
+
+    if (this.header.encode() && !this.noPax) {
+      this.write(new Pax({
+        atime: this.portable ? null : this.header.atime,
+        ctime: this.portable ? null : this.header.ctime,
+        gid: this.portable ? null : this.header.gid,
+        mtime: this.noMtime ? null : this.mtime || this.header.mtime,
+        path: this.path,
+        linkpath: this.linkpath,
+        size: this.header.size,
+        uid: this.portable ? null : this.header.uid,
+        uname: this.portable ? null : this.header.uname,
+        dev: this.portable ? null : this.stat.dev,
+        ino: this.portable ? null : this.stat.ino,
+        nlink: this.portable ? null : this.stat.nlink,
+      }).encode())
+    }
+    this.write(this.header.block)
+  }
+
+  [DIRECTORY] () {
+    if (this.path.substr(-1) !== '/')
+      this.path += '/'
+    this.stat.size = 0
+    this[HEADER]()
+    this.end()
+  }
+
+  [SYMLINK] () {
+    fs.readlink(this.absolute, (er, linkpath) => {
+      if (er)
+        return this.emit('error', er)
+      this[ONREADLINK](linkpath)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [ONREADLINK] (linkpath) {
+    this.linkpath = linkpath.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+    this[HEADER]()
+    this.end()
+  }
+
+  [HARDLINK] (linkpath) {
+    this.type = 'Link'
+    this.linkpath = path.relative(this.cwd, linkpath).replace(/\\/g, '/')
+    this.stat.size = 0
+    this[HEADER]()
+    this.end()
+  }
+
+  [FILE] () {
+    if (this.stat.nlink > 1) {
+      const linkKey = this.stat.dev + ':' + this.stat.ino
+      if (this.linkCache.has(linkKey)) {
+        const linkpath = this.linkCache.get(linkKey)
+        if (linkpath.indexOf(this.cwd) === 0)
+          return this[HARDLINK](linkpath)
+      }
+      this.linkCache.set(linkKey, this.absolute)
+    }
+
+    this[HEADER]()
+    if (this.stat.size === 0)
+      return this.end()
+
+    this[OPENFILE]()
+  }
+
+  [OPENFILE] () {
+    fs.open(this.absolute, 'r', (er, fd) => {
+      if (er)
+        return this.emit('error', er)
+      this[ONOPENFILE](fd)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [ONOPENFILE] (fd) {
+    const blockLen = 512 * Math.ceil(this.stat.size / 512)
+    const bufLen = Math.min(blockLen, this.maxReadSize)
+    const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(bufLen)
+    this[READ](fd, buf, 0, buf.length, 0, this.stat.size, blockLen)
+  }
+
+  [READ] (fd, buf, offset, length, pos, remain, blockRemain) {
+    fs.read(fd, buf, offset, length, pos, (er, bytesRead) => {
+      if (er) {
+        // ignoring the error from close(2) is a bad practice, but at
+        // this point we already have an error, don't need another one
+        return this[CLOSE](fd, () => this.emit('error', er))
+      }
+      this[ONREAD](fd, buf, offset, length, pos, remain, blockRemain, bytesRead)
+    })
+  }
+
+  [CLOSE] (fd, cb) {
+    fs.close(fd, cb)
+  }
+
+  [ONREAD] (fd, buf, offset, length, pos, remain, blockRemain, bytesRead) {
+    if (bytesRead <= 0 && remain > 0) {
+      const er = new Error('encountered unexpected EOF')
+      er.path = this.absolute
+      er.syscall = 'read'
+      er.code = 'EOF'
+      return this[CLOSE](fd, () => this.emit('error', er))
+    }
+
+    if (bytesRead > remain) {
+      const er = new Error('did not encounter expected EOF')
+      er.path = this.absolute
+      er.syscall = 'read'
+      er.code = 'EOF'
+      return this[CLOSE](fd, () => this.emit('error', er))
+    }
+
+    // null out the rest of the buffer, if we could fit the block padding
+    if (bytesRead === remain) {
+      for (let i = bytesRead; i < length && bytesRead < blockRemain; i++) {
+        buf[i + offset] = 0
+        bytesRead++
+        remain++
+      }
+    }
+
+    const writeBuf = offset === 0 && bytesRead === buf.length ?
+      buf : buf.slice(offset, offset + bytesRead)
+    remain -= bytesRead
+    blockRemain -= bytesRead
+    pos += bytesRead
+    offset += bytesRead
+
+    this.write(writeBuf)
+
+    if (!remain) {
+      if (blockRemain)
+        this.write(Buffer.alloc(blockRemain))
+      return this[CLOSE](fd, er => er ? this.emit('error', er) : this.end())
+    }
+
+    if (offset >= length) {
+      buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(length)
+      offset = 0
+    }
+    length = buf.length - offset
+    this[READ](fd, buf, offset, length, pos, remain, blockRemain)
+  }
+})
+
+class WriteEntrySync extends WriteEntry {
+  [LSTAT] () {
+    this[ONLSTAT](fs.lstatSync(this.absolute))
+  }
+
+  [SYMLINK] () {
+    this[ONREADLINK](fs.readlinkSync(this.absolute))
+  }
+
+  [OPENFILE] () {
+    this[ONOPENFILE](fs.openSync(this.absolute, 'r'))
+  }
+
+  [READ] (fd, buf, offset, length, pos, remain, blockRemain) {
+    let threw = true
+    try {
+      const bytesRead = fs.readSync(fd, buf, offset, length, pos)
+      this[ONREAD](fd, buf, offset, length, pos, remain, blockRemain, bytesRead)
+      threw = false
+    } finally {
+      // ignoring the error from close(2) is a bad practice, but at
+      // this point we already have an error, don't need another one
+      if (threw) {
+        try {
+          this[CLOSE](fd, () => {})
+        } catch (er) {}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [CLOSE] (fd, cb) {
+    fs.closeSync(fd)
+    cb()
+  }
+}
+
+const WriteEntryTar = warner(class WriteEntryTar extends MiniPass {
+  constructor (readEntry, opt) {
+    opt = opt || {}
+    super(opt)
+    this.preservePaths = !!opt.preservePaths
+    this.portable = !!opt.portable
+    this.strict = !!opt.strict
+    this.noPax = !!opt.noPax
+    this.noMtime = !!opt.noMtime
+
+    this.readEntry = readEntry
+    this.type = readEntry.type
+    if (this.type === 'Directory' && this.portable)
+      this.noMtime = true
+
+    this.path = readEntry.path
+    this.mode = this[MODE](readEntry.mode)
+    this.uid = this.portable ? null : readEntry.uid
+    this.gid = this.portable ? null : readEntry.gid
+    this.uname = this.portable ? null : readEntry.uname
+    this.gname = this.portable ? null : readEntry.gname
+    this.size = readEntry.size
+    this.mtime = this.noMtime ? null : opt.mtime || readEntry.mtime
+    this.atime = this.portable ? null : readEntry.atime
+    this.ctime = this.portable ? null : readEntry.ctime
+    this.linkpath = readEntry.linkpath
+
+    if (typeof opt.onwarn === 'function')
+      this.on('warn', opt.onwarn)
+
+    let pathWarn = false
+    if (path.isAbsolute(this.path) && !this.preservePaths) {
+      const parsed = path.parse(this.path)
+      pathWarn = parsed.root
+      this.path = this.path.substr(parsed.root.length)
+    }
+
+    this.remain = readEntry.size
+    this.blockRemain = readEntry.startBlockSize
+
+    this.header = new Header({
+      path: this.path,
+      linkpath: this.linkpath,
+      // only the permissions and setuid/setgid/sticky bitflags
+      // not the higher-order bits that specify file type
+      mode: this.mode,
+      uid: this.portable ? null : this.uid,
+      gid: this.portable ? null : this.gid,
+      size: this.size,
+      mtime: this.noMtime ? null : this.mtime,
+      type: this.type,
+      uname: this.portable ? null : this.uname,
+      atime: this.portable ? null : this.atime,
+      ctime: this.portable ? null : this.ctime,
+    })
+
+    if (pathWarn) {
+      this.warn('TAR_ENTRY_INFO', `stripping ${pathWarn} from absolute path`, {
+        entry: this,
+        path: pathWarn + this.path,
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (this.header.encode() && !this.noPax) {
+      super.write(new Pax({
+        atime: this.portable ? null : this.atime,
+        ctime: this.portable ? null : this.ctime,
+        gid: this.portable ? null : this.gid,
+        mtime: this.noMtime ? null : this.mtime,
+        path: this.path,
+        linkpath: this.linkpath,
+        size: this.size,
+        uid: this.portable ? null : this.uid,
+        uname: this.portable ? null : this.uname,
+        dev: this.portable ? null : this.readEntry.dev,
+        ino: this.portable ? null : this.readEntry.ino,
+        nlink: this.portable ? null : this.readEntry.nlink,
+      }).encode())
+    }
+
+    super.write(this.header.block)
+    readEntry.pipe(this)
+  }
+
+  [MODE] (mode) {
+    return modeFix(mode, this.type === 'Directory', this.portable)
+  }
+
+  write (data) {
+    const writeLen = data.length
+    if (writeLen > this.blockRemain)
+      throw new Error('writing more to entry than is appropriate')
+    this.blockRemain -= writeLen
+    return super.write(data)
+  }
+
+  end () {
+    if (this.blockRemain)
+      this.write(Buffer.alloc(this.blockRemain))
+    return super.end()
+  }
+})
+
+WriteEntry.Sync = WriteEntrySync
+WriteEntry.Tar = WriteEntryTar
+
+const getType = stat =>
+  stat.isFile() ? 'File'
+  : stat.isDirectory() ? 'Directory'
+  : stat.isSymbolicLink() ? 'SymbolicLink'
+  : 'Unsupported'
+
+module.exports = WriteEntry
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/tar/package.json b/backend/node_modules/tar/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..139964d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/tar/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "_from": "tar@^6.1.0",
+  "_id": "tar@6.1.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-DUCttfhsnLCjwoDoFcI+B2iJgYa93vBnDUATYEeRx6sntCTdN01VnqsIuTlALXla/LWooNg0yEGeB+Y8WdFxGA==",
+  "_location": "/tar",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "tar@^6.1.0",
+    "name": "tar",
+    "escapedName": "tar",
+    "rawSpec": "^6.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^6.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tar/-/tar-6.1.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "d1724e9bcc04b977b18d5c573b333a2207229a83",
+  "_spec": "tar@^6.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\@mapbox\\node-pre-gyp",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/node-tar/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "chownr": "^2.0.0",
+    "fs-minipass": "^2.0.0",
+    "minipass": "^3.0.0",
+    "minizlib": "^2.1.1",
+    "mkdirp": "^1.0.3",
+    "yallist": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "tar for node",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "chmodr": "^1.2.0",
+    "end-of-stream": "^1.4.3",
+    "eslint": "^7.17.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.22.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "^4.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "^5.0.0",
+    "events-to-array": "^1.1.2",
+    "mutate-fs": "^2.1.1",
+    "rimraf": "^2.7.1",
+    "tap": "^14.9.2",
+    "tar-fs": "^1.16.3",
+    "tar-stream": "^1.6.2"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 10"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js",
+    "lib/*.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/node-tar#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "name": "tar",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/node-tar.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "for i in benchmarks/*/*.js; do echo $i; for j in {1..5}; do node $i || break; done; done",
+    "eslint": "eslint",
+    "genparse": "node scripts/generate-parse-fixtures.js",
+    "lint": "npm run eslint -- test lib",
+    "lintfix": "npm run lint -- --fix",
+    "posttest": "npm run lint",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "prepublishOnly": "git push origin --follow-tags",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap"
+  },
+  "tap": {
+    "coverage-map": "map.js",
+    "check-coverage": true
+  },
+  "version": "6.1.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de22d1597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/README.md b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c8794e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# toidentifier
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][codecov-image]][codecov-url]
+
+> Convert a string of words to a JavaScript identifier
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```bash
+$ npm install toidentifier
+```
+
+## Example
+
+```js
+var toIdentifier = require('toidentifier')
+
+console.log(toIdentifier('Bad Request'))
+// => "BadRequest"
+```
+
+## API
+
+This CommonJS module exports a single default function: `toIdentifier`.
+
+### toIdentifier(string)
+
+Given a string as the argument, it will be transformed according to
+the following rules and the new string will be returned:
+
+1. Split into words separated by space characters (`0x20`).
+2. Upper case the first character of each word.
+3. Join the words together with no separator.
+4. Remove all non-word (`[0-9a-z_]`) characters.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[codecov-image]: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/component/toidentifier.svg
+[codecov-url]: https://codecov.io/gh/component/toidentifier
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/toidentifier.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/toidentifier
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/toidentifier.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/toidentifier
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/component/toidentifier/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/component/toidentifier
+
+
+##
+
+[npm]: https://www.npmjs.com/
+
+[yarn]: https://yarnpkg.com/
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/index.js b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bba541147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*!
+ * toidentifier
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = toIdentifier
+
+/**
+ * Trasform the given string into a JavaScript identifier
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @returns {string}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function toIdentifier (str) {
+  return str
+    .split(' ')
+    .map(function (token) {
+      return token.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() + token.slice(1)
+    })
+    .join('')
+    .replace(/[^ _0-9a-z]/gi, '')
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/package.json b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7abe24533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/toidentifier/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "_from": "toidentifier@1.0.0",
+  "_id": "toidentifier@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-yaOH/Pk/VEhBWWTlhI+qXxDFXlejDGcQipMlyxda9nthulaxLZUNcUqFxokp0vcYnvteJln5FNQDRrxj3YcbVw==",
+  "_location": "/toidentifier",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "toidentifier@1.0.0",
+    "name": "toidentifier",
+    "escapedName": "toidentifier",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/http-errors"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/toidentifier/-/toidentifier-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "7e1be3470f1e77948bc43d94a3c8f4d7752ba553",
+  "_spec": "toidentifier@1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\http-errors",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/component/toidentifier/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Nick Baugh",
+      "email": "niftylettuce@gmail.com",
+      "url": "http://niftylettuce.com/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Convert a string of words to a JavaScript identifier",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "4.19.1",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "11.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.11.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.6",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "6.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.7.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.1.0",
+    "mocha": "1.21.5",
+    "nyc": "11.8.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/component/toidentifier#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "toidentifier",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/component/toidentifier.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/type-is/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/type-is/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8de21f7ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/type-is/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+1.6.18 / 2019-04-26
+===================
+
+  * Fix regression passing request object to `typeis.is`
+
+1.6.17 / 2019-04-25
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.24
+    - Add Apple file extensions from IANA
+    - Add extension `.csl` to `application/vnd.citationstyles.style+xml`
+    - Add extension `.es` to `application/ecmascript`
+    - Add extension `.nq` to `application/n-quads`
+    - Add extension `.nt` to `application/n-triples`
+    - Add extension `.owl` to `application/rdf+xml`
+    - Add extensions `.siv` and `.sieve` to `application/sieve`
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `image/*` types
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `model/*` types
+    - Add extensions to HEIC image types
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Add `text/mdx` with extension `.mdx`
+  * perf: prevent internal `throw` on invalid type
+
+1.6.16 / 2018-02-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
+    - Add `application/raml+yaml` with extension `.raml`
+    - Add `application/wasm` with extension `.wasm`
+    - Add `text/shex` with extension `.shex`
+    - Add extensions for JPEG-2000 images
+    - Add extensions from IANA for `message/*` types
+    - Add extension `.mjs` to `application/javascript`
+    - Add extension `.wadl` to `application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml`
+    - Add extension `.gz` to `application/gzip`
+    - Add glTF types and extensions
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Update extensions `.md` and `.markdown` to be `text/markdown`
+    - Update font MIME types
+    - Update `text/hjson` to registered `application/hjson`
+
+1.6.15 / 2017-03-31
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.15
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.14 / 2016-11-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.13
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.13 / 2016-05-18
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.12 / 2016-02-28
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.10
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Fix extension of `application/dash+xml`
+    - Update primary extension for `audio/mp4`
+
+1.6.11 / 2016-01-29
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.9
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.10 / 2015-12-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.8
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.9 / 2015-09-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.7
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.8 / 2015-09-04
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.6
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.7 / 2015-08-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix type error when given invalid type to match against
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.5
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.6 / 2015-07-31
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.5 / 2015-07-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.3
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.4 / 2015-07-01
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
+    - Add new mime types
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.6.3 / 2015-06-08
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
+    - Add new mime types
+  * perf: reduce try block size
+  * perf: remove bitwise operations
+
+1.6.2 / 2015-05-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.1 / 2015-03-13
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.6.0 / 2015-02-12
+==================
+
+  * fix false-positives in `hasBody` `Transfer-Encoding` check
+  * support wildcard for both type and subtype (`*/*`)
+
+1.5.7 / 2015-02-09
+==================
+
+  * fix argument reassignment
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.5.6 / 2015-01-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
+    - Add new mime types
+
+1.5.5 / 2014-12-30
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
+    - Add new mime types
+    - Fix missing extensions
+    - Fix various invalid MIME type entries
+    - Remove example template MIME types
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.5.0
+
+1.5.4 / 2014-12-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.4
+    - Add new mime types
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.3.0
+
+1.5.3 / 2014-11-09
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
+    - Add new mime types
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.2.0
+
+1.5.2 / 2014-09-28
+==================
+
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
+    - Add new mime types
+    - deps: mime-db@~1.1.0
+
+1.5.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * Support Node.js 0.6
+  * deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+  * deps: mime-types@~2.0.1
+    - Support Node.js 0.6
+
+1.5.0 / 2014-09-05
+==================
+
+ * fix `hasbody` to be true for `content-length: 0`
+
+1.4.0 / 2014-09-02
+==================
+
+ * update mime-types
+
+1.3.2 / 2014-06-24
+==================
+
+ * use `~` range on mime-types
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+ * fix global variable leak
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+ * improve type parsing
+
+   - invalid media type never matches
+   - media type not case-sensitive
+   - extra LWS does not affect results
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+ * fix behavior on unknown type argument
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-06-03
+==================
+
+ * switch dependency from `mime` to `mime-types@1.0.0`
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+ * support suffix matching:
+
+   - `+json` matches `application/vnd+json`
+   - `*/vnd+json` matches `application/vnd+json`
+   - `application/*+json` matches `application/vnd+json`
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-04-12
+==================
+
+ * add non-array values support
+ * expose internal utilities:
+
+   - `.is()`
+   - `.hasBody()`
+   - `.normalize()`
+   - `.match()`
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-03-30
+==================
+
+ * add `multipart` as a shorthand
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/type-is/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/type-is/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386b7b694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/type-is/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/type-is/README.md b/backend/node_modules/type-is/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b85ef8f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/type-is/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# type-is
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Infer the content-type of a request.
+
+### Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install type-is
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+http.createServer(function (req, res) {
+  var istext = typeis(req, ['text/*'])
+  res.end('you ' + (istext ? 'sent' : 'did not send') + ' me text')
+})
+```
+
+### typeis(request, types)
+
+Checks if the `request` is one of the `types`. If the request has no body,
+even if there is a `Content-Type` header, then `null` is returned. If the
+`Content-Type` header is invalid or does not matches any of the `types`, then
+`false` is returned. Otherwise, a string of the type that matched is returned.
+
+The `request` argument is expected to be a Node.js HTTP request. The `types`
+argument is an array of type strings.
+
+Each type in the `types` array can be one of the following:
+
+- A file extension name such as `json`. This name will be returned if matched.
+- A mime type such as `application/json`.
+- A mime type with a wildcard such as `*/*` or `*/json` or `application/*`.
+  The full mime type will be returned if matched.
+- A suffix such as `+json`. This can be combined with a wildcard such as
+  `*/vnd+json` or `application/*+json`. The full mime type will be returned
+  if matched.
+
+Some examples to illustrate the inputs and returned value:
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+// req.headers.content-type = 'application/json'
+
+typeis(req, ['json']) // => 'json'
+typeis(req, ['html', 'json']) // => 'json'
+typeis(req, ['application/*']) // => 'application/json'
+typeis(req, ['application/json']) // => 'application/json'
+
+typeis(req, ['html']) // => false
+```
+
+### typeis.hasBody(request)
+
+Returns a Boolean if the given `request` has a body, regardless of the
+`Content-Type` header.
+
+Having a body has no relation to how large the body is (it may be 0 bytes).
+This is similar to how file existence works. If a body does exist, then this
+indicates that there is data to read from the Node.js request stream.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+if (typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+  // read the body, since there is one
+
+  req.on('data', function (chunk) {
+    // ...
+  })
+}
+```
+
+### typeis.is(mediaType, types)
+
+Checks if the `mediaType` is one of the `types`. If the `mediaType` is invalid
+or does not matches any of the `types`, then `false` is returned. Otherwise, a
+string of the type that matched is returned.
+
+The `mediaType` argument is expected to be a
+[media type](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838) string. The `types` argument
+is an array of type strings.
+
+Each type in the `types` array can be one of the following:
+
+- A file extension name such as `json`. This name will be returned if matched.
+- A mime type such as `application/json`.
+- A mime type with a wildcard such as `*/*` or `*/json` or `application/*`.
+  The full mime type will be returned if matched.
+- A suffix such as `+json`. This can be combined with a wildcard such as
+  `*/vnd+json` or `application/*+json`. The full mime type will be returned
+  if matched.
+
+Some examples to illustrate the inputs and returned value:
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+var mediaType = 'application/json'
+
+typeis.is(mediaType, ['json']) // => 'json'
+typeis.is(mediaType, ['html', 'json']) // => 'json'
+typeis.is(mediaType, ['application/*']) // => 'application/json'
+typeis.is(mediaType, ['application/json']) // => 'application/json'
+
+typeis.is(mediaType, ['html']) // => false
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example body parser
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+var app = express()
+
+app.use(function bodyParser (req, res, next) {
+  if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+    return next()
+  }
+
+  switch (typeis(req, ['urlencoded', 'json', 'multipart'])) {
+    case 'urlencoded':
+      // parse urlencoded body
+      throw new Error('implement urlencoded body parsing')
+    case 'json':
+      // parse json body
+      throw new Error('implement json body parsing')
+    case 'multipart':
+      // parse multipart body
+      throw new Error('implement multipart body parsing')
+    default:
+      // 415 error code
+      res.statusCode = 415
+      res.end()
+      break
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/type-is/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/type-is?branch=master
+[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/type-is
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/type-is
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/type-is
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/type-is
+[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/jshttp/type-is/master
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/type-is
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/type-is/index.js b/backend/node_modules/type-is/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..890ad76c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/type-is/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*!
+ * type-is
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var typer = require('media-typer')
+var mime = require('mime-types')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = typeofrequest
+module.exports.is = typeis
+module.exports.hasBody = hasbody
+module.exports.normalize = normalize
+module.exports.match = mimeMatch
+
+/**
+ * Compare a `value` content-type with `types`.
+ * Each `type` can be an extension like `html`,
+ * a special shortcut like `multipart` or `urlencoded`,
+ * or a mime type.
+ *
+ * If no types match, `false` is returned.
+ * Otherwise, the first `type` that matches is returned.
+ *
+ * @param {String} value
+ * @param {Array} types
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function typeis (value, types_) {
+  var i
+  var types = types_
+
+  // remove parameters and normalize
+  var val = tryNormalizeType(value)
+
+  // no type or invalid
+  if (!val) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (types && !Array.isArray(types)) {
+    types = new Array(arguments.length - 1)
+    for (i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
+      types[i] = arguments[i + 1]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no types, return the content type
+  if (!types || !types.length) {
+    return val
+  }
+
+  var type
+  for (i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
+    if (mimeMatch(normalize(type = types[i]), val)) {
+      return type[0] === '+' || type.indexOf('*') !== -1
+        ? val
+        : type
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no matches
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a request has a request body.
+ * A request with a body __must__ either have `transfer-encoding`
+ * or `content-length` headers set.
+ * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html#sec4.3
+ *
+ * @param {Object} request
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function hasbody (req) {
+  return req.headers['transfer-encoding'] !== undefined ||
+    !isNaN(req.headers['content-length'])
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
+ * header field, and it contains any of the give mime `type`s.
+ * If there is no request body, `null` is returned.
+ * If there is no content type, `false` is returned.
+ * Otherwise, it returns the first `type` that matches.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
+ *     this.is('html'); // => 'html'
+ *     this.is('text/html'); // => 'text/html'
+ *     this.is('text/*', 'application/json'); // => 'text/html'
+ *
+ *     // When Content-Type is application/json
+ *     this.is('json', 'urlencoded'); // => 'json'
+ *     this.is('application/json'); // => 'application/json'
+ *     this.is('html', 'application/*'); // => 'application/json'
+ *
+ *     this.is('html'); // => false
+ *
+ * @param {String|Array} types...
+ * @return {String|false|null}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function typeofrequest (req, types_) {
+  var types = types_
+
+  // no body
+  if (!hasbody(req)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  // support flattened arguments
+  if (arguments.length > 2) {
+    types = new Array(arguments.length - 1)
+    for (var i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
+      types[i] = arguments[i + 1]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // request content type
+  var value = req.headers['content-type']
+
+  return typeis(value, types)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a mime type.
+ * If it's a shorthand, expand it to a valid mime type.
+ *
+ * In general, you probably want:
+ *
+ *   var type = is(req, ['urlencoded', 'json', 'multipart']);
+ *
+ * Then use the appropriate body parsers.
+ * These three are the most common request body types
+ * and are thus ensured to work.
+ *
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function normalize (type) {
+  if (typeof type !== 'string') {
+    // invalid type
+    return false
+  }
+
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'urlencoded':
+      return 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+    case 'multipart':
+      return 'multipart/*'
+  }
+
+  if (type[0] === '+') {
+    // "+json" -> "*/*+json" expando
+    return '*/*' + type
+  }
+
+  return type.indexOf('/') === -1
+    ? mime.lookup(type)
+    : type
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if `expected` mime type
+ * matches `actual` mime type with
+ * wildcard and +suffix support.
+ *
+ * @param {String} expected
+ * @param {String} actual
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function mimeMatch (expected, actual) {
+  // invalid type
+  if (expected === false) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // split types
+  var actualParts = actual.split('/')
+  var expectedParts = expected.split('/')
+
+  // invalid format
+  if (actualParts.length !== 2 || expectedParts.length !== 2) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // validate type
+  if (expectedParts[0] !== '*' && expectedParts[0] !== actualParts[0]) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // validate suffix wildcard
+  if (expectedParts[1].substr(0, 2) === '*+') {
+    return expectedParts[1].length <= actualParts[1].length + 1 &&
+      expectedParts[1].substr(1) === actualParts[1].substr(1 - expectedParts[1].length)
+  }
+
+  // validate subtype
+  if (expectedParts[1] !== '*' && expectedParts[1] !== actualParts[1]) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a type and remove parameters.
+ *
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function normalizeType (value) {
+  // parse the type
+  var type = typer.parse(value)
+
+  // remove the parameters
+  type.parameters = undefined
+
+  // reformat it
+  return typer.format(type)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to normalize a type and remove parameters.
+ *
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function tryNormalizeType (value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return normalizeType(value)
+  } catch (err) {
+    return null
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/type-is/package.json b/backend/node_modules/type-is/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f74827e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/type-is/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+{
+  "_from": "type-is@~1.6.18",
+  "_id": "type-is@1.6.18",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-TkRKr9sUTxEH8MdfuCSP7VizJyzRNMjj2J2do2Jr3Kym598JVdEksuzPQCnlFPW4ky9Q+iA+ma9BGm06XQBy8g==",
+  "_location": "/type-is",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "type-is@~1.6.18",
+    "name": "type-is",
+    "escapedName": "type-is",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.6.18",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.6.18"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/body-parser",
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/type-is/-/type-is-1.6.18.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "4e552cd05df09467dcbc4ef739de89f2cf37c131",
+  "_spec": "type-is@~1.6.18",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/type-is/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Jonathan Ong",
+      "email": "me@jongleberry.com",
+      "url": "http://jongleberry.com"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "media-typer": "0.3.0",
+    "mime-types": "~2.1.24"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Infer the content-type of a request.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "5.16.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "12.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.17.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "8.0.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "4.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.0.0",
+    "mocha": "6.1.4",
+    "nyc": "14.0.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.6"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/type-is#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "content",
+    "type",
+    "checking"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "type-is",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/type-is.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-travis": "nyc --reporter=text npm test"
+  },
+  "version": "1.6.18"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/.travis.yml b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc4dba29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "0.8"
+  - "0.10"
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11adfaec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2010, Linden Research, Inc.
+ Copyright (c) 2012, Joshua Bell
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ THE SOFTWARE.
+ $/LicenseInfo$
+ */
+
+// Original can be found at:
+//   https://bitbucket.org/lindenlab/llsd
+// Modifications by Joshua Bell inexorabletash@gmail.com
+//   https://github.com/inexorabletash/polyfill
+
+// ES3/ES5 implementation of the Krhonos Typed Array Specification
+//   Ref: http://www.khronos.org/registry/typedarray/specs/latest/
+//   Date: 2011-02-01
+//
+// Variations:
+//  * Allows typed_array.get/set() as alias for subscripts (typed_array[])
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/example/tarray.js b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/example/tarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8423d7c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/example/tarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+var Uint8Array = require('../').Uint8Array;
+var ua = new Uint8Array(5);
+ua[1] = 256 + 55;
+console.log(ua[1]);
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/index.js b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e540841f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,630 @@
+var undefined = (void 0); // Paranoia
+
+// Beyond this value, index getters/setters (i.e. array[0], array[1]) are so slow to
+// create, and consume so much memory, that the browser appears frozen.
+var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = 1e5;
+
+// Approximations of internal ECMAScript conversion functions
+var ECMAScript = (function() {
+  // Stash a copy in case other scripts modify these
+  var opts = Object.prototype.toString,
+      ophop = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  return {
+    // Class returns internal [[Class]] property, used to avoid cross-frame instanceof issues:
+    Class: function(v) { return opts.call(v).replace(/^\[object *|\]$/g, ''); },
+    HasProperty: function(o, p) { return p in o; },
+    HasOwnProperty: function(o, p) { return ophop.call(o, p); },
+    IsCallable: function(o) { return typeof o === 'function'; },
+    ToInt32: function(v) { return v >> 0; },
+    ToUint32: function(v) { return v >>> 0; }
+  };
+}());
+
+// Snapshot intrinsics
+var LN2 = Math.LN2,
+    abs = Math.abs,
+    floor = Math.floor,
+    log = Math.log,
+    min = Math.min,
+    pow = Math.pow,
+    round = Math.round;
+
+// ES5: lock down object properties
+function configureProperties(obj) {
+  if (getOwnPropNames && defineProp) {
+    var props = getOwnPropNames(obj), i;
+    for (i = 0; i < props.length; i += 1) {
+      defineProp(obj, props[i], {
+        value: obj[props[i]],
+        writable: false,
+        enumerable: false,
+        configurable: false
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// emulate ES5 getter/setter API using legacy APIs
+// http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2010/09/07/transitioning-existing-code-to-the-es5-getter-setter-apis.aspx
+// (second clause tests for Object.defineProperty() in IE<9 that only supports extending DOM prototypes, but
+// note that IE<9 does not support __defineGetter__ or __defineSetter__ so it just renders the method harmless)
+var defineProp
+if (Object.defineProperty && (function() {
+      try {
+        Object.defineProperty({}, 'x', {});
+        return true;
+      } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    })()) {
+  defineProp = Object.defineProperty;
+} else {
+  defineProp = function(o, p, desc) {
+    if (!o === Object(o)) throw new TypeError("Object.defineProperty called on non-object");
+    if (ECMAScript.HasProperty(desc, 'get') && Object.prototype.__defineGetter__) { Object.prototype.__defineGetter__.call(o, p, desc.get); }
+    if (ECMAScript.HasProperty(desc, 'set') && Object.prototype.__defineSetter__) { Object.prototype.__defineSetter__.call(o, p, desc.set); }
+    if (ECMAScript.HasProperty(desc, 'value')) { o[p] = desc.value; }
+    return o;
+  };
+}
+
+var getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames || function (o) {
+  if (o !== Object(o)) throw new TypeError("Object.getOwnPropertyNames called on non-object");
+  var props = [], p;
+  for (p in o) {
+    if (ECMAScript.HasOwnProperty(o, p)) {
+      props.push(p);
+    }
+  }
+  return props;
+};
+
+// ES5: Make obj[index] an alias for obj._getter(index)/obj._setter(index, value)
+// for index in 0 ... obj.length
+function makeArrayAccessors(obj) {
+  if (!defineProp) { return; }
+
+  if (obj.length > MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) throw new RangeError("Array too large for polyfill");
+
+  function makeArrayAccessor(index) {
+    defineProp(obj, index, {
+      'get': function() { return obj._getter(index); },
+      'set': function(v) { obj._setter(index, v); },
+      enumerable: true,
+      configurable: false
+    });
+  }
+
+  var i;
+  for (i = 0; i < obj.length; i += 1) {
+    makeArrayAccessor(i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Internal conversion functions:
+//    pack<Type>()   - take a number (interpreted as Type), output a byte array
+//    unpack<Type>() - take a byte array, output a Type-like number
+
+function as_signed(value, bits) { var s = 32 - bits; return (value << s) >> s; }
+function as_unsigned(value, bits) { var s = 32 - bits; return (value << s) >>> s; }
+
+function packI8(n) { return [n & 0xff]; }
+function unpackI8(bytes) { return as_signed(bytes[0], 8); }
+
+function packU8(n) { return [n & 0xff]; }
+function unpackU8(bytes) { return as_unsigned(bytes[0], 8); }
+
+function packU8Clamped(n) { n = round(Number(n)); return [n < 0 ? 0 : n > 0xff ? 0xff : n & 0xff]; }
+
+function packI16(n) { return [(n >> 8) & 0xff, n & 0xff]; }
+function unpackI16(bytes) { return as_signed(bytes[0] << 8 | bytes[1], 16); }
+
+function packU16(n) { return [(n >> 8) & 0xff, n & 0xff]; }
+function unpackU16(bytes) { return as_unsigned(bytes[0] << 8 | bytes[1], 16); }
+
+function packI32(n) { return [(n >> 24) & 0xff, (n >> 16) & 0xff, (n >> 8) & 0xff, n & 0xff]; }
+function unpackI32(bytes) { return as_signed(bytes[0] << 24 | bytes[1] << 16 | bytes[2] << 8 | bytes[3], 32); }
+
+function packU32(n) { return [(n >> 24) & 0xff, (n >> 16) & 0xff, (n >> 8) & 0xff, n & 0xff]; }
+function unpackU32(bytes) { return as_unsigned(bytes[0] << 24 | bytes[1] << 16 | bytes[2] << 8 | bytes[3], 32); }
+
+function packIEEE754(v, ebits, fbits) {
+
+  var bias = (1 << (ebits - 1)) - 1,
+      s, e, f, ln,
+      i, bits, str, bytes;
+
+  function roundToEven(n) {
+    var w = floor(n), f = n - w;
+    if (f < 0.5)
+      return w;
+    if (f > 0.5)
+      return w + 1;
+    return w % 2 ? w + 1 : w;
+  }
+
+  // Compute sign, exponent, fraction
+  if (v !== v) {
+    // NaN
+    // http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/WebIDL/#es-type-mapping
+    e = (1 << ebits) - 1; f = pow(2, fbits - 1); s = 0;
+  } else if (v === Infinity || v === -Infinity) {
+    e = (1 << ebits) - 1; f = 0; s = (v < 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  } else if (v === 0) {
+    e = 0; f = 0; s = (1 / v === -Infinity) ? 1 : 0;
+  } else {
+    s = v < 0;
+    v = abs(v);
+
+    if (v >= pow(2, 1 - bias)) {
+      e = min(floor(log(v) / LN2), 1023);
+      f = roundToEven(v / pow(2, e) * pow(2, fbits));
+      if (f / pow(2, fbits) >= 2) {
+        e = e + 1;
+        f = 1;
+      }
+      if (e > bias) {
+        // Overflow
+        e = (1 << ebits) - 1;
+        f = 0;
+      } else {
+        // Normalized
+        e = e + bias;
+        f = f - pow(2, fbits);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Denormalized
+      e = 0;
+      f = roundToEven(v / pow(2, 1 - bias - fbits));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Pack sign, exponent, fraction
+  bits = [];
+  for (i = fbits; i; i -= 1) { bits.push(f % 2 ? 1 : 0); f = floor(f / 2); }
+  for (i = ebits; i; i -= 1) { bits.push(e % 2 ? 1 : 0); e = floor(e / 2); }
+  bits.push(s ? 1 : 0);
+  bits.reverse();
+  str = bits.join('');
+
+  // Bits to bytes
+  bytes = [];
+  while (str.length) {
+    bytes.push(parseInt(str.substring(0, 8), 2));
+    str = str.substring(8);
+  }
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+function unpackIEEE754(bytes, ebits, fbits) {
+
+  // Bytes to bits
+  var bits = [], i, j, b, str,
+      bias, s, e, f;
+
+  for (i = bytes.length; i; i -= 1) {
+    b = bytes[i - 1];
+    for (j = 8; j; j -= 1) {
+      bits.push(b % 2 ? 1 : 0); b = b >> 1;
+    }
+  }
+  bits.reverse();
+  str = bits.join('');
+
+  // Unpack sign, exponent, fraction
+  bias = (1 << (ebits - 1)) - 1;
+  s = parseInt(str.substring(0, 1), 2) ? -1 : 1;
+  e = parseInt(str.substring(1, 1 + ebits), 2);
+  f = parseInt(str.substring(1 + ebits), 2);
+
+  // Produce number
+  if (e === (1 << ebits) - 1) {
+    return f !== 0 ? NaN : s * Infinity;
+  } else if (e > 0) {
+    // Normalized
+    return s * pow(2, e - bias) * (1 + f / pow(2, fbits));
+  } else if (f !== 0) {
+    // Denormalized
+    return s * pow(2, -(bias - 1)) * (f / pow(2, fbits));
+  } else {
+    return s < 0 ? -0 : 0;
+  }
+}
+
+function unpackF64(b) { return unpackIEEE754(b, 11, 52); }
+function packF64(v) { return packIEEE754(v, 11, 52); }
+function unpackF32(b) { return unpackIEEE754(b, 8, 23); }
+function packF32(v) { return packIEEE754(v, 8, 23); }
+
+
+//
+// 3 The ArrayBuffer Type
+//
+
+(function() {
+
+  /** @constructor */
+  var ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {
+    length = ECMAScript.ToInt32(length);
+    if (length < 0) throw new RangeError('ArrayBuffer size is not a small enough positive integer');
+
+    this.byteLength = length;
+    this._bytes = [];
+    this._bytes.length = length;
+
+    var i;
+    for (i = 0; i < this.byteLength; i += 1) {
+      this._bytes[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    configureProperties(this);
+  };
+
+  exports.ArrayBuffer = exports.ArrayBuffer || ArrayBuffer;
+
+  //
+  // 4 The ArrayBufferView Type
+  //
+
+  // NOTE: this constructor is not exported
+  /** @constructor */
+  var ArrayBufferView = function ArrayBufferView() {
+    //this.buffer = null;
+    //this.byteOffset = 0;
+    //this.byteLength = 0;
+  };
+
+  //
+  // 5 The Typed Array View Types
+  //
+
+  function makeConstructor(bytesPerElement, pack, unpack) {
+    // Each TypedArray type requires a distinct constructor instance with
+    // identical logic, which this produces.
+
+    var ctor;
+    ctor = function(buffer, byteOffset, length) {
+      var array, sequence, i, s;
+
+      if (!arguments.length || typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
+        // Constructor(unsigned long length)
+        this.length = ECMAScript.ToInt32(arguments[0]);
+        if (length < 0) throw new RangeError('ArrayBufferView size is not a small enough positive integer');
+
+        this.byteLength = this.length * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        this.buffer = new ArrayBuffer(this.byteLength);
+        this.byteOffset = 0;
+      } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'object' && arguments[0].constructor === ctor) {
+        // Constructor(TypedArray array)
+        array = arguments[0];
+
+        this.length = array.length;
+        this.byteLength = this.length * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        this.buffer = new ArrayBuffer(this.byteLength);
+        this.byteOffset = 0;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < this.length; i += 1) {
+          this._setter(i, array._getter(i));
+        }
+      } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'object' &&
+                 !(arguments[0] instanceof ArrayBuffer || ECMAScript.Class(arguments[0]) === 'ArrayBuffer')) {
+        // Constructor(sequence<type> array)
+        sequence = arguments[0];
+
+        this.length = ECMAScript.ToUint32(sequence.length);
+        this.byteLength = this.length * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        this.buffer = new ArrayBuffer(this.byteLength);
+        this.byteOffset = 0;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < this.length; i += 1) {
+          s = sequence[i];
+          this._setter(i, Number(s));
+        }
+      } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'object' &&
+                 (arguments[0] instanceof ArrayBuffer || ECMAScript.Class(arguments[0]) === 'ArrayBuffer')) {
+        // Constructor(ArrayBuffer buffer,
+        //             optional unsigned long byteOffset, optional unsigned long length)
+        this.buffer = buffer;
+
+        this.byteOffset = ECMAScript.ToUint32(byteOffset);
+        if (this.byteOffset > this.buffer.byteLength) {
+          throw new RangeError("byteOffset out of range");
+        }
+
+        if (this.byteOffset % this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT) {
+          // The given byteOffset must be a multiple of the element
+          // size of the specific type, otherwise an exception is raised.
+          throw new RangeError("ArrayBuffer length minus the byteOffset is not a multiple of the element size.");
+        }
+
+        if (arguments.length < 3) {
+          this.byteLength = this.buffer.byteLength - this.byteOffset;
+
+          if (this.byteLength % this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT) {
+            throw new RangeError("length of buffer minus byteOffset not a multiple of the element size");
+          }
+          this.length = this.byteLength / this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        } else {
+          this.length = ECMAScript.ToUint32(length);
+          this.byteLength = this.length * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        }
+
+        if ((this.byteOffset + this.byteLength) > this.buffer.byteLength) {
+          throw new RangeError("byteOffset and length reference an area beyond the end of the buffer");
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new TypeError("Unexpected argument type(s)");
+      }
+
+      this.constructor = ctor;
+
+      configureProperties(this);
+      makeArrayAccessors(this);
+    };
+
+    ctor.prototype = new ArrayBufferView();
+    ctor.prototype.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = bytesPerElement;
+    ctor.prototype._pack = pack;
+    ctor.prototype._unpack = unpack;
+    ctor.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = bytesPerElement;
+
+    // getter type (unsigned long index);
+    ctor.prototype._getter = function(index) {
+      if (arguments.length < 1) throw new SyntaxError("Not enough arguments");
+
+      index = ECMAScript.ToUint32(index);
+      if (index >= this.length) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      var bytes = [], i, o;
+      for (i = 0, o = this.byteOffset + index * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+           i < this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+           i += 1, o += 1) {
+        bytes.push(this.buffer._bytes[o]);
+      }
+      return this._unpack(bytes);
+    };
+
+    // NONSTANDARD: convenience alias for getter: type get(unsigned long index);
+    ctor.prototype.get = ctor.prototype._getter;
+
+    // setter void (unsigned long index, type value);
+    ctor.prototype._setter = function(index, value) {
+      if (arguments.length < 2) throw new SyntaxError("Not enough arguments");
+
+      index = ECMAScript.ToUint32(index);
+      if (index >= this.length) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      var bytes = this._pack(value), i, o;
+      for (i = 0, o = this.byteOffset + index * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+           i < this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+           i += 1, o += 1) {
+        this.buffer._bytes[o] = bytes[i];
+      }
+    };
+
+    // void set(TypedArray array, optional unsigned long offset);
+    // void set(sequence<type> array, optional unsigned long offset);
+    ctor.prototype.set = function(index, value) {
+      if (arguments.length < 1) throw new SyntaxError("Not enough arguments");
+      var array, sequence, offset, len,
+          i, s, d,
+          byteOffset, byteLength, tmp;
+
+      if (typeof arguments[0] === 'object' && arguments[0].constructor === this.constructor) {
+        // void set(TypedArray array, optional unsigned long offset);
+        array = arguments[0];
+        offset = ECMAScript.ToUint32(arguments[1]);
+
+        if (offset + array.length > this.length) {
+          throw new RangeError("Offset plus length of array is out of range");
+        }
+
+        byteOffset = this.byteOffset + offset * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+        byteLength = array.length * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+
+        if (array.buffer === this.buffer) {
+          tmp = [];
+          for (i = 0, s = array.byteOffset; i < byteLength; i += 1, s += 1) {
+            tmp[i] = array.buffer._bytes[s];
+          }
+          for (i = 0, d = byteOffset; i < byteLength; i += 1, d += 1) {
+            this.buffer._bytes[d] = tmp[i];
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (i = 0, s = array.byteOffset, d = byteOffset;
+               i < byteLength; i += 1, s += 1, d += 1) {
+            this.buffer._bytes[d] = array.buffer._bytes[s];
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'object' && typeof arguments[0].length !== 'undefined') {
+        // void set(sequence<type> array, optional unsigned long offset);
+        sequence = arguments[0];
+        len = ECMAScript.ToUint32(sequence.length);
+        offset = ECMAScript.ToUint32(arguments[1]);
+
+        if (offset + len > this.length) {
+          throw new RangeError("Offset plus length of array is out of range");
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
+          s = sequence[i];
+          this._setter(offset + i, Number(s));
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new TypeError("Unexpected argument type(s)");
+      }
+    };
+
+    // TypedArray subarray(long begin, optional long end);
+    ctor.prototype.subarray = function(start, end) {
+      function clamp(v, min, max) { return v < min ? min : v > max ? max : v; }
+
+      start = ECMAScript.ToInt32(start);
+      end = ECMAScript.ToInt32(end);
+
+      if (arguments.length < 1) { start = 0; }
+      if (arguments.length < 2) { end = this.length; }
+
+      if (start < 0) { start = this.length + start; }
+      if (end < 0) { end = this.length + end; }
+
+      start = clamp(start, 0, this.length);
+      end = clamp(end, 0, this.length);
+
+      var len = end - start;
+      if (len < 0) {
+        len = 0;
+      }
+
+      return new this.constructor(
+        this.buffer, this.byteOffset + start * this.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, len);
+    };
+
+    return ctor;
+  }
+
+  var Int8Array = makeConstructor(1, packI8, unpackI8);
+  var Uint8Array = makeConstructor(1, packU8, unpackU8);
+  var Uint8ClampedArray = makeConstructor(1, packU8Clamped, unpackU8);
+  var Int16Array = makeConstructor(2, packI16, unpackI16);
+  var Uint16Array = makeConstructor(2, packU16, unpackU16);
+  var Int32Array = makeConstructor(4, packI32, unpackI32);
+  var Uint32Array = makeConstructor(4, packU32, unpackU32);
+  var Float32Array = makeConstructor(4, packF32, unpackF32);
+  var Float64Array = makeConstructor(8, packF64, unpackF64);
+
+  exports.Int8Array = exports.Int8Array || Int8Array;
+  exports.Uint8Array = exports.Uint8Array || Uint8Array;
+  exports.Uint8ClampedArray = exports.Uint8ClampedArray || Uint8ClampedArray;
+  exports.Int16Array = exports.Int16Array || Int16Array;
+  exports.Uint16Array = exports.Uint16Array || Uint16Array;
+  exports.Int32Array = exports.Int32Array || Int32Array;
+  exports.Uint32Array = exports.Uint32Array || Uint32Array;
+  exports.Float32Array = exports.Float32Array || Float32Array;
+  exports.Float64Array = exports.Float64Array || Float64Array;
+}());
+
+//
+// 6 The DataView View Type
+//
+
+(function() {
+  function r(array, index) {
+    return ECMAScript.IsCallable(array.get) ? array.get(index) : array[index];
+  }
+
+  var IS_BIG_ENDIAN = (function() {
+    var u16array = new(exports.Uint16Array)([0x1234]),
+        u8array = new(exports.Uint8Array)(u16array.buffer);
+    return r(u8array, 0) === 0x12;
+  }());
+
+  // Constructor(ArrayBuffer buffer,
+  //             optional unsigned long byteOffset,
+  //             optional unsigned long byteLength)
+  /** @constructor */
+  var DataView = function DataView(buffer, byteOffset, byteLength) {
+    if (arguments.length === 0) {
+      buffer = new exports.ArrayBuffer(0);
+    } else if (!(buffer instanceof exports.ArrayBuffer || ECMAScript.Class(buffer) === 'ArrayBuffer')) {
+      throw new TypeError("TypeError");
+    }
+
+    this.buffer = buffer || new exports.ArrayBuffer(0);
+
+    this.byteOffset = ECMAScript.ToUint32(byteOffset);
+    if (this.byteOffset > this.buffer.byteLength) {
+      throw new RangeError("byteOffset out of range");
+    }
+
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      this.byteLength = this.buffer.byteLength - this.byteOffset;
+    } else {
+      this.byteLength = ECMAScript.ToUint32(byteLength);
+    }
+
+    if ((this.byteOffset + this.byteLength) > this.buffer.byteLength) {
+      throw new RangeError("byteOffset and length reference an area beyond the end of the buffer");
+    }
+
+    configureProperties(this);
+  };
+
+  function makeGetter(arrayType) {
+    return function(byteOffset, littleEndian) {
+
+      byteOffset = ECMAScript.ToUint32(byteOffset);
+
+      if (byteOffset + arrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT > this.byteLength) {
+        throw new RangeError("Array index out of range");
+      }
+      byteOffset += this.byteOffset;
+
+      var uint8Array = new exports.Uint8Array(this.buffer, byteOffset, arrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT),
+          bytes = [], i;
+      for (i = 0; i < arrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT; i += 1) {
+        bytes.push(r(uint8Array, i));
+      }
+
+      if (Boolean(littleEndian) === Boolean(IS_BIG_ENDIAN)) {
+        bytes.reverse();
+      }
+
+      return r(new arrayType(new exports.Uint8Array(bytes).buffer), 0);
+    };
+  }
+
+  DataView.prototype.getUint8 = makeGetter(exports.Uint8Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getInt8 = makeGetter(exports.Int8Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getUint16 = makeGetter(exports.Uint16Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getInt16 = makeGetter(exports.Int16Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getUint32 = makeGetter(exports.Uint32Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getInt32 = makeGetter(exports.Int32Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getFloat32 = makeGetter(exports.Float32Array);
+  DataView.prototype.getFloat64 = makeGetter(exports.Float64Array);
+
+  function makeSetter(arrayType) {
+    return function(byteOffset, value, littleEndian) {
+
+      byteOffset = ECMAScript.ToUint32(byteOffset);
+      if (byteOffset + arrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT > this.byteLength) {
+        throw new RangeError("Array index out of range");
+      }
+
+      // Get bytes
+      var typeArray = new arrayType([value]),
+          byteArray = new exports.Uint8Array(typeArray.buffer),
+          bytes = [], i, byteView;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < arrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT; i += 1) {
+        bytes.push(r(byteArray, i));
+      }
+
+      // Flip if necessary
+      if (Boolean(littleEndian) === Boolean(IS_BIG_ENDIAN)) {
+        bytes.reverse();
+      }
+
+      // Write them
+      byteView = new exports.Uint8Array(this.buffer, byteOffset, arrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT);
+      byteView.set(bytes);
+    };
+  }
+
+  DataView.prototype.setUint8 = makeSetter(exports.Uint8Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setInt8 = makeSetter(exports.Int8Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setUint16 = makeSetter(exports.Uint16Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setInt16 = makeSetter(exports.Int16Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setUint32 = makeSetter(exports.Uint32Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setInt32 = makeSetter(exports.Int32Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setFloat32 = makeSetter(exports.Float32Array);
+  DataView.prototype.setFloat64 = makeSetter(exports.Float64Array);
+
+  exports.DataView = exports.DataView || DataView;
+
+}());
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/package.json b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9f09e819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{
+  "_from": "typedarray@^0.0.6",
+  "_id": "typedarray@0.0.6",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-hnrHTjhkGHsdPUfZlqeOxciDB3c=",
+  "_location": "/typedarray",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "typedarray@^0.0.6",
+    "name": "typedarray",
+    "escapedName": "typedarray",
+    "rawSpec": "^0.0.6",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^0.0.6"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/concat-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typedarray/-/typedarray-0.0.6.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "867ac74e3864187b1d3d47d996a78ec5c8830777",
+  "_spec": "typedarray@^0.0.6",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\concat-stream",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "James Halliday",
+    "email": "mail@substack.net",
+    "url": "http://substack.net"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/substack/typedarray/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "TypedArray polyfill for old browsers",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tape": "~2.3.2"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/substack/typedarray",
+  "keywords": [
+    "ArrayBuffer",
+    "DataView",
+    "Float32Array",
+    "Float64Array",
+    "Int8Array",
+    "Int16Array",
+    "Int32Array",
+    "Uint8Array",
+    "Uint8ClampedArray",
+    "Uint16Array",
+    "Uint32Array",
+    "typed",
+    "array",
+    "polyfill"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "name": "typedarray",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/substack/typedarray.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tape test/*.js test/server/*.js"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test/*.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/6..latest",
+      "firefox/16..latest",
+      "firefox/nightly",
+      "chrome/22..latest",
+      "chrome/canary",
+      "opera/12..latest",
+      "opera/next",
+      "safari/5.1..latest",
+      "ipad/6.0..latest",
+      "iphone/6.0..latest",
+      "android-browser/4.2..latest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "0.0.6"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/readme.markdown b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/readme.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d18f6f719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/readme.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# typedarray
+
+TypedArray polyfill ripped from [this
+module](https://raw.github.com/inexorabletash/polyfill).
+
+[![build status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/substack/typedarray.png)](http://travis-ci.org/substack/typedarray)
+
+[![testling badge](https://ci.testling.com/substack/typedarray.png)](https://ci.testling.com/substack/typedarray)
+
+# example
+
+``` js
+var Uint8Array = require('typedarray').Uint8Array;
+var ua = new Uint8Array(5);
+ua[1] = 256 + 55;
+console.log(ua[1]);
+```
+
+output:
+
+```
+55
+```
+
+# methods
+
+``` js
+var TA = require('typedarray')
+```
+
+The `TA` object has the following constructors:
+
+* TA.ArrayBuffer
+* TA.DataView
+* TA.Float32Array
+* TA.Float64Array
+* TA.Int8Array
+* TA.Int16Array
+* TA.Int32Array
+* TA.Uint8Array
+* TA.Uint8ClampedArray
+* TA.Uint16Array
+* TA.Uint32Array
+
+# install
+
+With [npm](https://npmjs.org) do:
+
+```
+npm install typedarray
+```
+
+To use this module in the browser, compile with
+[browserify](http://browserify.org)
+or download a UMD build from browserify CDN:
+
+http://wzrd.in/standalone/typedarray@latest
+
+# license
+
+MIT
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/test/server/undef_globals.js b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/test/server/undef_globals.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..425950f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/test/server/undef_globals.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+var test = require('tape');
+var vm = require('vm');
+var fs = require('fs');
+var src = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/../../index.js', 'utf8');
+
+test('u8a without globals', function (t) {
+    var c = {
+        module: { exports: {} },
+    };
+    c.exports = c.module.exports;
+    vm.runInNewContext(src, c);
+    var TA = c.module.exports;
+    var ua = new(TA.Uint8Array)(5);
+    
+    t.equal(ua.length, 5);
+    ua[1] = 256 + 55;
+    t.equal(ua[1], 55);
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/typedarray/test/tarray.js b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/test/tarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df596a34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/typedarray/test/tarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+var TA = require('../');
+var test = require('tape');
+
+test('tiny u8a test', function (t) {
+    var ua = new(TA.Uint8Array)(5);
+    t.equal(ua.length, 5);
+    ua[1] = 256 + 55;
+    t.equal(ua[1], 55);
+    t.end();
+});
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/unpipe/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85e0f8d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+1.0.0 / 2015-06-14
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/unpipe/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aed013827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/unpipe/README.md b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e536ad2c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# unpipe
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Unpipe a stream from all destinations.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install unpipe
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var unpipe = require('unpipe')
+```
+
+### unpipe(stream)
+
+Unpipes all destinations from a given stream. With stream 2+, this is
+equivalent to `stream.unpipe()`. When used with streams 1 style streams
+(typically Node.js 0.8 and below), this module attempts to undo the
+actions done in `stream.pipe(dest)`.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/unpipe.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/unpipe
+[node-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/unpipe.svg
+[node-url]: http://nodejs.org/download/
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/stream-utils/unpipe.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/stream-utils/unpipe
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/stream-utils/unpipe.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/stream-utils/unpipe?branch=master
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/unpipe.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/unpipe
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/unpipe/index.js b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15c3d97a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*!
+ * unpipe
+ * Copyright(c) 2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = unpipe
+
+/**
+ * Determine if there are Node.js pipe-like data listeners.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function hasPipeDataListeners(stream) {
+  var listeners = stream.listeners('data')
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
+    if (listeners[i].name === 'ondata') {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unpipe a stream from all destinations.
+ *
+ * @param {object} stream
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function unpipe(stream) {
+  if (!stream) {
+    throw new TypeError('argument stream is required')
+  }
+
+  if (typeof stream.unpipe === 'function') {
+    // new-style
+    stream.unpipe()
+    return
+  }
+
+  // Node.js 0.8 hack
+  if (!hasPipeDataListeners(stream)) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  var listener
+  var listeners = stream.listeners('close')
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
+    listener = listeners[i]
+
+    if (listener.name !== 'cleanup' && listener.name !== 'onclose') {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    // invoke the listener
+    listener.call(stream)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/unpipe/package.json b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..891b4fdfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/unpipe/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "_from": "unpipe@1.0.0",
+  "_id": "unpipe@1.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-sr9O6FFKrmFltIF4KdIbLvSZBOw=",
+  "_location": "/unpipe",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "unpipe@1.0.0",
+    "name": "unpipe",
+    "escapedName": "unpipe",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/finalhandler",
+    "/raw-body"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/unpipe/-/unpipe-1.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "b2bf4ee8514aae6165b4817829d21b2ef49904ec",
+  "_spec": "unpipe@1.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\raw-body",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/stream-utils/unpipe/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Unpipe a stream from all destinations",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "istanbul": "0.3.15",
+    "mocha": "2.2.5",
+    "readable-stream": "1.1.13"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/stream-utils/unpipe#readme",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "unpipe",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/stream-utils/unpipe.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/History.md b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/History.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acc867537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+1.0.2 / 2015-10-07
+==================
+
+  * use try/catch when checking `localStorage` (#3, @kumavis)
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-11-25
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `console.warn()` for deprecation calls
+  * browser: more jsdocs
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-04-30
+==================
+
+  * initial commit
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a60e8c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/README.md b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75622fa7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+util-deprecate
+==============
+### The Node.js `util.deprecate()` function with browser support
+
+In Node.js, this module simply re-exports the `util.deprecate()` function.
+
+In the web browser (i.e. via browserify), a browser-specific implementation
+of the `util.deprecate()` function is used.
+
+
+## API
+
+A `deprecate()` function is the only thing exposed by this module.
+
+``` javascript
+// setup:
+exports.foo = deprecate(foo, 'foo() is deprecated, use bar() instead');
+
+
+// users see:
+foo();
+// foo() is deprecated, use bar() instead
+foo();
+foo();
+```
+
+
+## License
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/browser.js b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/browser.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..549ae2f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = deprecate;
+
+/**
+ * Mark that a method should not be used.
+ * Returns a modified function which warns once by default.
+ *
+ * If `localStorage.noDeprecation = true` is set, then it is a no-op.
+ *
+ * If `localStorage.throwDeprecation = true` is set, then deprecated functions
+ * will throw an Error when invoked.
+ *
+ * If `localStorage.traceDeprecation = true` is set, then deprecated functions
+ * will invoke `console.trace()` instead of `console.error()`.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} fn - the function to deprecate
+ * @param {String} msg - the string to print to the console when `fn` is invoked
+ * @returns {Function} a new "deprecated" version of `fn`
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function deprecate (fn, msg) {
+  if (config('noDeprecation')) {
+    return fn;
+  }
+
+  var warned = false;
+  function deprecated() {
+    if (!warned) {
+      if (config('throwDeprecation')) {
+        throw new Error(msg);
+      } else if (config('traceDeprecation')) {
+        console.trace(msg);
+      } else {
+        console.warn(msg);
+      }
+      warned = true;
+    }
+    return fn.apply(this, arguments);
+  }
+
+  return deprecated;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks `localStorage` for boolean values for the given `name`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @returns {Boolean}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function config (name) {
+  // accessing global.localStorage can trigger a DOMException in sandboxed iframes
+  try {
+    if (!global.localStorage) return false;
+  } catch (_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  var val = global.localStorage[name];
+  if (null == val) return false;
+  return String(val).toLowerCase() === 'true';
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/node.js b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/node.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e6fcff5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+/**
+ * For Node.js, simply re-export the core `util.deprecate` function.
+ */
+
+module.exports = require('util').deprecate;
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/package.json b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6765a0bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/util-deprecate/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+  "_from": "util-deprecate@~1.0.1",
+  "_id": "util-deprecate@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-RQ1Nyfpw3nMnYvvS1KKJgUGaDM8=",
+  "_location": "/util-deprecate",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "util-deprecate@~1.0.1",
+    "name": "util-deprecate",
+    "escapedName": "util-deprecate",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/readable-stream"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/util-deprecate/-/util-deprecate-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "450d4dc9fa70de732762fbd2d4a28981419a0ccf",
+  "_spec": "util-deprecate@~1.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\readable-stream",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Nathan Rajlich",
+    "email": "nathan@tootallnate.net",
+    "url": "http://n8.io/"
+  },
+  "browser": "browser.js",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/util-deprecate/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "The Node.js `util.deprecate()` function with browser support",
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/util-deprecate",
+  "keywords": [
+    "util",
+    "deprecate",
+    "browserify",
+    "browser",
+    "node"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "node.js",
+  "name": "util-deprecate",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/TooTallNate/util-deprecate.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/.npmignore b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e5384418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+Makefile
+docs/
+examples/
+reports/
+test/
+
+.jshintrc
+.travis.yml
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76f6d083d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Jared Hanson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/README.md b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cb711712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# utils-merge
+
+[![Version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/utils-merge.svg?label=version)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/utils-merge)
+[![Build](https://img.shields.io/travis/jaredhanson/utils-merge.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/jaredhanson/utils-merge)
+[![Quality](https://img.shields.io/codeclimate/github/jaredhanson/utils-merge.svg?label=quality)](https://codeclimate.com/github/jaredhanson/utils-merge)
+[![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jaredhanson/utils-merge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/jaredhanson/utils-merge)
+[![Dependencies](https://img.shields.io/david/jaredhanson/utils-merge.svg)](https://david-dm.org/jaredhanson/utils-merge)
+
+
+Merges the properties from a source object into a destination object.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+$ npm install utils-merge
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var a = { foo: 'bar' }
+  , b = { bar: 'baz' };
+
+merge(a, b);
+// => { foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' }
+```
+
+## License
+
+[The MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Jared Hanson <[http://jaredhanson.net/](http://jaredhanson.net/)>
+
+<a target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='https://app.codesponsor.io/link/vK9dyjRnnWsMzzJTQ57fRJpH/jaredhanson/utils-merge'>  <img alt='Sponsor' width='888' height='68' src='https://app.codesponsor.io/embed/vK9dyjRnnWsMzzJTQ57fRJpH/jaredhanson/utils-merge.svg' /></a>
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/index.js b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4265c694f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * Merge object b with object a.
+ *
+ *     var a = { foo: 'bar' }
+ *       , b = { bar: 'baz' };
+ *
+ *     merge(a, b);
+ *     // => { foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' }
+ *
+ * @param {Object} a
+ * @param {Object} b
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = function(a, b){
+  if (a && b) {
+    for (var key in b) {
+      a[key] = b[key];
+    }
+  }
+  return a;
+};
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/package.json b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa22c49bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/utils-merge/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "_from": "utils-merge@1.0.1",
+  "_id": "utils-merge@1.0.1",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-n5VxD1CiZ5R7LMwSR0HBAoQn5xM=",
+  "_location": "/utils-merge",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "version",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "utils-merge@1.0.1",
+    "name": "utils-merge",
+    "escapedName": "utils-merge",
+    "rawSpec": "1.0.1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1.0.1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/utils-merge/-/utils-merge-1.0.1.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "9f95710f50a267947b2ccc124741c1028427e713",
+  "_spec": "utils-merge@1.0.1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Jared Hanson",
+    "email": "jaredhanson@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://www.jaredhanson.net/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "http://github.com/jaredhanson/utils-merge/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "merge() utility function",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "chai": "1.x.x",
+    "make-node": "0.3.x",
+    "mocha": "1.x.x"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.4.0"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jaredhanson/utils-merge#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "util"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "licenses": [
+    {
+      "type": "MIT",
+      "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"
+    }
+  ],
+  "main": "./index",
+  "name": "utils-merge",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/jaredhanson/utils-merge.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --require test/bootstrap/node test/*.test.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.1"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/vary/HISTORY.md b/backend/node_modules/vary/HISTORY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6cbcf7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/vary/HISTORY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+1.1.2 / 2017-09-23
+==================
+
+  * perf: improve header token parsing speed
+
+1.1.1 / 2017-03-20
+==================
+
+  * perf: hoist regular expression
+
+1.1.0 / 2015-09-29
+==================
+
+  * Only accept valid field names in the `field` argument
+    - Ensures the resulting string is a valid HTTP header value
+
+1.0.1 / 2015-07-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix setting empty header from empty `field`
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignments
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-08-10
+==================
+
+  * Accept valid `Vary` header string as `field`
+  * Add `vary.append` for low-level string manipulation
+  * Move to `jshttp` orgainzation
+
+0.1.0 / 2014-06-05
+==================
+
+  * Support array of fields to set
+
+0.0.0 / 2014-06-04
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/vary/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/vary/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84441fbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/vary/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/vary/README.md b/backend/node_modules/vary/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc000b346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/vary/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# vary
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-version-image]][node-version-url]
+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Manipulate the HTTP Vary header
+
+## Installation
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally): 
+
+```sh
+$ npm install vary
+```
+
+## API
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
+
+```js
+var vary = require('vary')
+```
+
+### vary(res, field)
+
+Adds the given header `field` to the `Vary` response header of `res`.
+This can be a string of a single field, a string of a valid `Vary`
+header, or an array of multiple fields.
+
+This will append the header if not already listed, otherwise leaves
+it listed in the current location.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+// Append "Origin" to the Vary header of the response
+vary(res, 'Origin')
+```
+
+### vary.append(header, field)
+
+Adds the given header `field` to the `Vary` response header string `header`.
+This can be a string of a single field, a string of a valid `Vary` header,
+or an array of multiple fields.
+
+This will append the header if not already listed, otherwise leaves
+it listed in the current location. The new header string is returned.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
+
+```js
+// Get header string appending "Origin" to "Accept, User-Agent"
+vary.append('Accept, User-Agent', 'Origin')
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Updating the Vary header when content is based on it
+
+```js
+var http = require('http')
+var vary = require('vary')
+
+http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  // about to user-agent sniff
+  vary(res, 'User-Agent')
+
+  var ua = req.headers['user-agent'] || ''
+  var isMobile = /mobi|android|touch|mini/i.test(ua)
+
+  // serve site, depending on isMobile
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html')
+  res.end('You are (probably) ' + (isMobile ? '' : 'not ') + 'a mobile user')
+})
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+```sh
+$ npm test
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/vary.svg
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/vary
+[node-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/node/v/vary.svg
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/jshttp/vary/master.svg
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/jshttp/vary
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/jshttp/vary/master.svg
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/vary
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/vary.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/vary
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/vary/index.js b/backend/node_modules/vary/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b5e74127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/vary/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*!
+ * vary
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2017 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = vary
+module.exports.append = append
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match field-name in RFC 7230 sec 3.2
+ *
+ * field-name    = token
+ * token         = 1*tchar
+ * tchar         = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
+ *               / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+ *               / DIGIT / ALPHA
+ *               ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
+ */
+
+var FIELD_NAME_REGEXP = /^[!#$%&'*+\-.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z]+$/
+
+/**
+ * Append a field to a vary header.
+ *
+ * @param {String} header
+ * @param {String|Array} field
+ * @return {String}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function append (header, field) {
+  if (typeof header !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('header argument is required')
+  }
+
+  if (!field) {
+    throw new TypeError('field argument is required')
+  }
+
+  // get fields array
+  var fields = !Array.isArray(field)
+    ? parse(String(field))
+    : field
+
+  // assert on invalid field names
+  for (var j = 0; j < fields.length; j++) {
+    if (!FIELD_NAME_REGEXP.test(fields[j])) {
+      throw new TypeError('field argument contains an invalid header name')
+    }
+  }
+
+  // existing, unspecified vary
+  if (header === '*') {
+    return header
+  }
+
+  // enumerate current values
+  var val = header
+  var vals = parse(header.toLowerCase())
+
+  // unspecified vary
+  if (fields.indexOf('*') !== -1 || vals.indexOf('*') !== -1) {
+    return '*'
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+    var fld = fields[i].toLowerCase()
+
+    // append value (case-preserving)
+    if (vals.indexOf(fld) === -1) {
+      vals.push(fld)
+      val = val
+        ? val + ', ' + fields[i]
+        : fields[i]
+    }
+  }
+
+  return val
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a vary header into an array.
+ *
+ * @param {String} header
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function parse (header) {
+  var end = 0
+  var list = []
+  var start = 0
+
+  // gather tokens
+  for (var i = 0, len = header.length; i < len; i++) {
+    switch (header.charCodeAt(i)) {
+      case 0x20: /*   */
+        if (start === end) {
+          start = end = i + 1
+        }
+        break
+      case 0x2c: /* , */
+        list.push(header.substring(start, end))
+        start = end = i + 1
+        break
+      default:
+        end = i + 1
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  // final token
+  list.push(header.substring(start, end))
+
+  return list
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark that a request is varied on a header field.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} res
+ * @param {String|Array} field
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function vary (res, field) {
+  if (!res || !res.getHeader || !res.setHeader) {
+    // quack quack
+    throw new TypeError('res argument is required')
+  }
+
+  // get existing header
+  var val = res.getHeader('Vary') || ''
+  var header = Array.isArray(val)
+    ? val.join(', ')
+    : String(val)
+
+  // set new header
+  if ((val = append(header, field))) {
+    res.setHeader('Vary', val)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/vary/package.json b/backend/node_modules/vary/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1a852938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/vary/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "_from": "vary@~1.1.2",
+  "_id": "vary@1.1.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-IpnwLG3tMNSllhsLn3RSShj2NPw=",
+  "_location": "/vary",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "vary@~1.1.2",
+    "name": "vary",
+    "escapedName": "vary",
+    "rawSpec": "~1.1.2",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "~1.1.2"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/express"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vary/-/vary-1.1.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "2299f02c6ded30d4a5961b0b9f74524a18f634fc",
+  "_spec": "vary@~1.1.2",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\express",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",
+    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/jshttp/vary/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Manipulate the HTTP Vary header",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "beautify-benchmark": "0.2.4",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "10.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.7.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "1.0.0-beta.6",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "5.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "3.5.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "3.0.1",
+    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
+    "mocha": "2.5.3",
+    "supertest": "1.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "README.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/jshttp/vary#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "http",
+    "res",
+    "vary"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "name": "vary",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/jshttp/vary.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "bench": "node benchmark/index.js",
+    "lint": "eslint --plugin markdown --ext js,md .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --reporter dot --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-travis": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --reporter spec --check-leaks test/"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wide-align/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4be44d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015, Rebecca Turner <me@re-becca.org>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wide-align/README.md b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32f1be04f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+wide-align
+----------
+
+A wide-character aware text alignment function for use in terminals / on the
+console.
+
+### Usage
+
+```
+var align = require('wide-align')
+
+// Note that if you view this on a unicode console, all of the slashes are
+// aligned. This is because on a console, all narrow characters are
+// an en wide and all wide characters are an em. In browsers, this isn't
+// held to and wide characters like "古" can be less than two narrow
+// characters even with a fixed width font.
+
+console.log(align.center('abc', 10))     // '   abc    '
+console.log(align.center('古古古', 10))  // '  古古古  '
+console.log(align.left('abc', 10))       // 'abc       '
+console.log(align.left('古古古', 10))    // '古古古    '
+console.log(align.right('abc', 10))      // '       abc'
+console.log(align.right('古古古', 10))   // '    古古古'
+```
+
+### Functions
+
+#### `align.center(str, length)` → `str`
+
+Returns *str* with spaces added to both sides such that that it is *length*
+chars long and centered in the spaces.
+
+#### `align.left(str, length)` → `str`
+
+Returns *str* with spaces to the right such that it is *length* chars long.
+
+### `align.right(str, length)` → `str`
+
+Returns *str* with spaces to the left such that it is *length* chars long.
+
+### Origins
+
+These functions were originally taken from 
+[cliui](https://npmjs.com/package/cliui). Changes include switching to the
+MUCH faster pad generation function from
+[lodash](https://npmjs.com/package/lodash), making center alignment pad
+both sides and adding left alignment.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wide-align/align.js b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/align.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f94ca4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/align.js
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'use strict'
+var stringWidth = require('string-width')
+
+exports.center = alignCenter
+exports.left = alignLeft
+exports.right = alignRight
+
+// lodash's way of generating pad characters.
+
+function createPadding (width) {
+  var result = ''
+  var string = ' '
+  var n = width
+  do {
+    if (n % 2) {
+      result += string;
+    }
+    n = Math.floor(n / 2);
+    string += string;
+  } while (n);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+function alignLeft (str, width) {
+  var trimmed = str.trimRight()
+  if (trimmed.length === 0 && str.length >= width) return str
+  var padding = ''
+  var strWidth = stringWidth(trimmed)
+
+  if (strWidth < width) {
+    padding = createPadding(width - strWidth)
+  }
+
+  return trimmed + padding
+}
+
+function alignRight (str, width) {
+  var trimmed = str.trimLeft()
+  if (trimmed.length === 0 && str.length >= width) return str
+  var padding = ''
+  var strWidth = stringWidth(trimmed)
+
+  if (strWidth < width) {
+    padding = createPadding(width - strWidth)
+  }
+
+  return padding + trimmed
+}
+
+function alignCenter (str, width) {
+  var trimmed = str.trim()
+  if (trimmed.length === 0 && str.length >= width) return str
+  var padLeft = ''
+  var padRight = ''
+  var strWidth = stringWidth(trimmed)
+
+  if (strWidth < width) {
+    var padLeftBy = parseInt((width - strWidth) / 2, 10) 
+    padLeft = createPadding(padLeftBy)
+    padRight = createPadding(width - (strWidth + padLeftBy))
+  }
+
+  return padLeft + trimmed + padRight
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wide-align/package.json b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed7ee405c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wide-align/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "_from": "wide-align@^1.1.0",
+  "_id": "wide-align@1.1.3",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-QGkOQc8XL6Bt5PwnsExKBPuMKBxnGxWWW3fU55Xt4feHozMUhdUMaBCk290qpm/wG5u/RSKzwdAC4i51YigihA==",
+  "_location": "/wide-align",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "wide-align@^1.1.0",
+    "name": "wide-align",
+    "escapedName": "wide-align",
+    "rawSpec": "^1.1.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^1.1.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/gauge"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wide-align/-/wide-align-1.1.3.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "ae074e6bdc0c14a431e804e624549c633b000457",
+  "_spec": "wide-align@^1.1.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\gauge",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Rebecca Turner",
+    "email": "me@re-becca.org",
+    "url": "http://re-becca.org/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/iarna/wide-align/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "string-width": "^1.0.2 || 2"
+  },
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "A wide-character aware text alignment function for use on the console or with fixed width fonts.",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "10 || 11 || 12"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "align.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/iarna/wide-align#readme",
+  "keywords": [
+    "wide",
+    "double",
+    "unicode",
+    "cjkv",
+    "pad",
+    "align"
+  ],
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "align.js",
+  "name": "wide-align",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/iarna/wide-align.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap --coverage test/*.js",
+    "version": "perl -pi -e 's/^(  \"version\": $ENV{npm_config_node_version}\").*?\",/$1abc\",/' package-lock.json ; git add package-lock.json"
+  },
+  "version": "1.1.3"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wrappy/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wrappy/README.md b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98eab2522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# wrappy
+
+Callback wrapping utility
+
+## USAGE
+
+```javascript
+var wrappy = require("wrappy")
+
+// var wrapper = wrappy(wrapperFunction)
+
+// make sure a cb is called only once
+// See also: http://npm.im/once for this specific use case
+var once = wrappy(function (cb) {
+  var called = false
+  return function () {
+    if (called) return
+    called = true
+    return cb.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+})
+
+function printBoo () {
+  console.log('boo')
+}
+// has some rando property
+printBoo.iAmBooPrinter = true
+
+var onlyPrintOnce = once(printBoo)
+
+onlyPrintOnce() // prints 'boo'
+onlyPrintOnce() // does nothing
+
+// random property is retained!
+assert.equal(onlyPrintOnce.iAmBooPrinter, true)
+```
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wrappy/package.json b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9f8023c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "_from": "wrappy@1",
+  "_id": "wrappy@1.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha1-tSQ9jz7BqjXxNkYFvA0QNuMKtp8=",
+  "_location": "/wrappy",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "wrappy@1",
+    "name": "wrappy",
+    "escapedName": "wrappy",
+    "rawSpec": "1",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "1"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/inflight",
+    "/once"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "b5243d8f3ec1aa35f1364605bc0d1036e30ab69f",
+  "_spec": "wrappy@1",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\inflight",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/npm/wrappy/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Callback wrapping utility",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^2.3.1"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "wrappy.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/npm/wrappy",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "wrappy.js",
+  "name": "wrappy",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/wrappy.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "tap --coverage test/*.js"
+  },
+  "version": "1.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/wrappy/wrappy.js b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/wrappy.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb7e7d6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/wrappy/wrappy.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Returns a wrapper function that returns a wrapped callback
+// The wrapper function should do some stuff, and return a
+// presumably different callback function.
+// This makes sure that own properties are retained, so that
+// decorations and such are not lost along the way.
+module.exports = wrappy
+function wrappy (fn, cb) {
+  if (fn && cb) return wrappy(fn)(cb)
+
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function')
+    throw new TypeError('need wrapper function')
+
+  Object.keys(fn).forEach(function (k) {
+    wrapper[k] = fn[k]
+  })
+
+  return wrapper
+
+  function wrapper() {
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length)
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i]
+    }
+    var ret = fn.apply(this, args)
+    var cb = args[args.length-1]
+    if (typeof ret === 'function' && ret !== cb) {
+      Object.keys(cb).forEach(function (k) {
+        ret[k] = cb[k]
+      })
+    }
+    return ret
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/.jshintrc b/backend/node_modules/xtend/.jshintrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77887b5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/.jshintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+    "maxdepth": 4,
+    "maxstatements": 200,
+    "maxcomplexity": 12,
+    "maxlen": 80,
+    "maxparams": 5,
+
+    "curly": true,
+    "eqeqeq": true,
+    "immed": true,
+    "latedef": false,
+    "noarg": true,
+    "noempty": true,
+    "nonew": true,
+    "undef": true,
+    "unused": "vars",
+    "trailing": true,
+
+    "quotmark": true,
+    "expr": true,
+    "asi": true,
+
+    "browser": false,
+    "esnext": true,
+    "devel": false,
+    "node": false,
+    "nonstandard": false,
+
+    "predef": ["require", "module", "__dirname", "__filename"]
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/xtend/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0099f4f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Raynos.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/README.md b/backend/node_modules/xtend/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a2703cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# xtend
+
+[![browser support][3]][4]
+
+[![locked](http://badges.github.io/stability-badges/dist/locked.svg)](http://github.com/badges/stability-badges)
+
+Extend like a boss
+
+xtend is a basic utility library which allows you to extend an object by appending all of the properties from each object in a list. When there are identical properties, the right-most property takes precedence.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+var extend = require("xtend")
+
+// extend returns a new object. Does not mutate arguments
+var combination = extend({
+    a: "a",
+    b: "c"
+}, {
+    b: "b"
+})
+// { a: "a", b: "b" }
+```
+
+## Stability status: Locked
+
+## MIT Licensed 
+
+
+  [3]: http://ci.testling.com/Raynos/xtend.png
+  [4]: http://ci.testling.com/Raynos/xtend
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/immutable.js b/backend/node_modules/xtend/immutable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94889c9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/immutable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+module.exports = extend
+
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+function extend() {
+    var target = {}
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+        var source = arguments[i]
+
+        for (var key in source) {
+            if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
+                target[key] = source[key]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return target
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/mutable.js b/backend/node_modules/xtend/mutable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72debede6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/mutable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+module.exports = extend
+
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+function extend(target) {
+    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+        var source = arguments[i]
+
+        for (var key in source) {
+            if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
+                target[key] = source[key]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return target
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/package.json b/backend/node_modules/xtend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0a143980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "_from": "xtend@^4.0.0",
+  "_id": "xtend@4.0.2",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-LKYU1iAXJXUgAXn9URjiu+MWhyUXHsvfp7mcuYm9dSUKK0/CjtrUwFAxD82/mCWbtLsGjFIad0wIsod4zrTAEQ==",
+  "_location": "/xtend",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "xtend@^4.0.0",
+    "name": "xtend",
+    "escapedName": "xtend",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/multer"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xtend/-/xtend-4.0.2.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "bb72779f5fa465186b1f438f674fa347fdb5db54",
+  "_spec": "xtend@^4.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\multer",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Raynos",
+    "email": "raynos2@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/Raynos/xtend/issues",
+    "email": "raynos2@gmail.com"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Jake Verbaten"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Matt Esch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "extend like a boss",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tape": "~1.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.4"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/Raynos/xtend",
+  "keywords": [
+    "extend",
+    "merge",
+    "options",
+    "opts",
+    "object",
+    "array"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "main": "immutable",
+  "name": "xtend",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/Raynos/xtend.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test"
+  },
+  "testling": {
+    "files": "test.js",
+    "browsers": [
+      "ie/7..latest",
+      "firefox/16..latest",
+      "firefox/nightly",
+      "chrome/22..latest",
+      "chrome/canary",
+      "opera/12..latest",
+      "opera/next",
+      "safari/5.1..latest",
+      "ipad/6.0..latest",
+      "iphone/6.0..latest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "version": "4.0.2"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/xtend/test.js b/backend/node_modules/xtend/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b895b42b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/xtend/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+var test = require("tape")
+var extend = require("./")
+var mutableExtend = require("./mutable")
+
+test("merge", function(assert) {
+    var a = { a: "foo" }
+    var b = { b: "bar" }
+
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(a, b), { a: "foo", b: "bar" })
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("replace", function(assert) {
+    var a = { a: "foo" }
+    var b = { a: "bar" }
+
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(a, b), { a: "bar" })
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("undefined", function(assert) {
+    var a = { a: undefined }
+    var b = { b: "foo" }
+
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(a, b), { a: undefined, b: "foo" })
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(b, a), { a: undefined, b: "foo" })
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("handle 0", function(assert) {
+    var a = { a: "default" }
+    var b = { a: 0 }
+
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(a, b), { a: 0 })
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(b, a), { a: "default" })
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("is immutable", function (assert) {
+    var record = {}
+
+    extend(record, { foo: "bar" })
+    assert.equal(record.foo, undefined)
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("null as argument", function (assert) {
+    var a = { foo: "bar" }
+    var b = null
+    var c = void 0
+
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(b, a, c), { foo: "bar" })
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("mutable", function (assert) {
+    var a = { foo: "bar" }
+
+    mutableExtend(a, { bar: "baz" })
+
+    assert.equal(a.bar, "baz")
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("null prototype", function(assert) {
+    var a = { a: "foo" }
+    var b = Object.create(null)
+    b.b = "bar";
+
+    assert.deepEqual(extend(a, b), { a: "foo", b: "bar" })
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("null prototype mutable", function (assert) {
+    var a = { foo: "bar" }
+    var b = Object.create(null)
+    b.bar = "baz";
+
+    mutableExtend(a, b)
+
+    assert.equal(a.bar, "baz")
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("prototype pollution", function (assert) {
+    var a = {}
+    var maliciousPayload = '{"__proto__":{"oops":"It works!"}}'
+
+    assert.strictEqual(a.oops, undefined)
+    extend({}, maliciousPayload)
+    assert.strictEqual(a.oops, undefined)
+    assert.end()
+})
+
+test("prototype pollution mutable", function (assert) {
+    var a = {}
+    var maliciousPayload = '{"__proto__":{"oops":"It works!"}}'
+
+    assert.strictEqual(a.oops, undefined)
+    mutableExtend({}, maliciousPayload)
+    assert.strictEqual(a.oops, undefined)
+    assert.end()
+})
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/yallist/LICENSE b/backend/node_modules/yallist/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19129e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/yallist/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The ISC License
+
+Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter and Contributors
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/yallist/README.md b/backend/node_modules/yallist/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f58610186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/yallist/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+# yallist
+
+Yet Another Linked List
+
+There are many doubly-linked list implementations like it, but this
+one is mine.
+
+For when an array would be too big, and a Map can't be iterated in
+reverse order.
+
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/yallist.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/isaacs/yallist) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/isaacs/yallist/badge.svg?service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/isaacs/yallist)
+
+## basic usage
+
+```javascript
+var yallist = require('yallist')
+var myList = yallist.create([1, 2, 3])
+myList.push('foo')
+myList.unshift('bar')
+// of course pop() and shift() are there, too
+console.log(myList.toArray()) // ['bar', 1, 2, 3, 'foo']
+myList.forEach(function (k) {
+  // walk the list head to tail
+})
+myList.forEachReverse(function (k, index, list) {
+  // walk the list tail to head
+})
+var myDoubledList = myList.map(function (k) {
+  return k + k
+})
+// now myDoubledList contains ['barbar', 2, 4, 6, 'foofoo']
+// mapReverse is also a thing
+var myDoubledListReverse = myList.mapReverse(function (k) {
+  return k + k
+}) // ['foofoo', 6, 4, 2, 'barbar']
+
+var reduced = myList.reduce(function (set, entry) {
+  set += entry
+  return set
+}, 'start')
+console.log(reduced) // 'startfoo123bar'
+```
+
+## api
+
+The whole API is considered "public".
+
+Functions with the same name as an Array method work more or less the
+same way.
+
+There's reverse versions of most things because that's the point.
+
+### Yallist
+
+Default export, the class that holds and manages a list.
+
+Call it with either a forEach-able (like an array) or a set of
+arguments, to initialize the list.
+
+The Array-ish methods all act like you'd expect.  No magic length,
+though, so if you change that it won't automatically prune or add
+empty spots.
+
+### Yallist.create(..)
+
+Alias for Yallist function.  Some people like factories.
+
+#### yallist.head
+
+The first node in the list
+
+#### yallist.tail
+
+The last node in the list
+
+#### yallist.length
+
+The number of nodes in the list.  (Change this at your peril.  It is
+not magic like Array length.)
+
+#### yallist.toArray()
+
+Convert the list to an array.
+
+#### yallist.forEach(fn, [thisp])
+
+Call a function on each item in the list.
+
+#### yallist.forEachReverse(fn, [thisp])
+
+Call a function on each item in the list, in reverse order.
+
+#### yallist.get(n)
+
+Get the data at position `n` in the list.  If you use this a lot,
+probably better off just using an Array.
+
+#### yallist.getReverse(n)
+
+Get the data at position `n`, counting from the tail.
+
+#### yallist.map(fn, thisp)
+
+Create a new Yallist with the result of calling the function on each
+item.
+
+#### yallist.mapReverse(fn, thisp)
+
+Same as `map`, but in reverse.
+
+#### yallist.pop()
+
+Get the data from the list tail, and remove the tail from the list.
+
+#### yallist.push(item, ...)
+
+Insert one or more items to the tail of the list.
+
+#### yallist.reduce(fn, initialValue)
+
+Like Array.reduce.
+
+#### yallist.reduceReverse
+
+Like Array.reduce, but in reverse.
+
+#### yallist.reverse
+
+Reverse the list in place.
+
+#### yallist.shift()
+
+Get the data from the list head, and remove the head from the list.
+
+#### yallist.slice([from], [to])
+
+Just like Array.slice, but returns a new Yallist.
+
+#### yallist.sliceReverse([from], [to])
+
+Just like yallist.slice, but the result is returned in reverse.
+
+#### yallist.toArray()
+
+Create an array representation of the list.
+
+#### yallist.toArrayReverse()
+
+Create a reversed array representation of the list.
+
+#### yallist.unshift(item, ...)
+
+Insert one or more items to the head of the list.
+
+#### yallist.unshiftNode(node)
+
+Move a Node object to the front of the list.  (That is, pull it out of
+wherever it lives, and make it the new head.)
+
+If the node belongs to a different list, then that list will remove it
+first.
+
+#### yallist.pushNode(node)
+
+Move a Node object to the end of the list.  (That is, pull it out of
+wherever it lives, and make it the new tail.)
+
+If the node belongs to a list already, then that list will remove it
+first.
+
+#### yallist.removeNode(node)
+
+Remove a node from the list, preserving referential integrity of head
+and tail and other nodes.
+
+Will throw an error if you try to have a list remove a node that
+doesn't belong to it.
+
+### Yallist.Node
+
+The class that holds the data and is actually the list.
+
+Call with `var n = new Node(value, previousNode, nextNode)`
+
+Note that if you do direct operations on Nodes themselves, it's very
+easy to get into weird states where the list is broken.  Be careful :)
+
+#### node.next
+
+The next node in the list.
+
+#### node.prev
+
+The previous node in the list.
+
+#### node.value
+
+The data the node contains.
+
+#### node.list
+
+The list to which this node belongs.  (Null if it does not belong to
+any list.)
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/yallist/iterator.js b/backend/node_modules/yallist/iterator.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d41c97a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/yallist/iterator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+'use strict'
+module.exports = function (Yallist) {
+  Yallist.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
+    for (let walker = this.head; walker; walker = walker.next) {
+      yield walker.value
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/yallist/package.json b/backend/node_modules/yallist/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..716b245e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/yallist/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "_from": "yallist@^4.0.0",
+  "_id": "yallist@4.0.0",
+  "_inBundle": false,
+  "_integrity": "sha512-3wdGidZyq5PB084XLES5TpOSRA3wjXAlIWMhum2kRcv/41Sn2emQ0dycQW4uZXLejwKvg6EsvbdlVL+FYEct7A==",
+  "_location": "/yallist",
+  "_phantomChildren": {},
+  "_requested": {
+    "type": "range",
+    "registry": true,
+    "raw": "yallist@^4.0.0",
+    "name": "yallist",
+    "escapedName": "yallist",
+    "rawSpec": "^4.0.0",
+    "saveSpec": null,
+    "fetchSpec": "^4.0.0"
+  },
+  "_requiredBy": [
+    "/lru-cache",
+    "/minipass",
+    "/minizlib",
+    "/tar"
+  ],
+  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-4.0.0.tgz",
+  "_shasum": "9bb92790d9c0effec63be73519e11a35019a3a72",
+  "_spec": "yallist@^4.0.0",
+  "_where": "C:\\Users\\bahri\\Desktop\\Assignment-2\\backend\\node_modules\\lru-cache",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
+    "email": "i@izs.me",
+    "url": "http://blog.izs.me/"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/yallist/issues"
+  },
+  "bundleDependencies": false,
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "deprecated": false,
+  "description": "Yet Another Linked List",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tap": "^12.1.0"
+  },
+  "directories": {
+    "test": "test"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "yallist.js",
+    "iterator.js"
+  ],
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/yallist#readme",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "main": "yallist.js",
+  "name": "yallist",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/isaacs/yallist.git"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "postpublish": "git push origin --all; git push origin --tags",
+    "postversion": "npm publish",
+    "preversion": "npm test",
+    "test": "tap test/*.js --100"
+  },
+  "version": "4.0.0"
+}
diff --git a/backend/node_modules/yallist/yallist.js b/backend/node_modules/yallist/yallist.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e83ab1c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/node_modules/yallist/yallist.js
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+'use strict'
+module.exports = Yallist
+
+Yallist.Node = Node
+Yallist.create = Yallist
+
+function Yallist (list) {
+  var self = this
+  if (!(self instanceof Yallist)) {
+    self = new Yallist()
+  }
+
+  self.tail = null
+  self.head = null
+  self.length = 0
+
+  if (list && typeof list.forEach === 'function') {
+    list.forEach(function (item) {
+      self.push(item)
+    })
+  } else if (arguments.length > 0) {
+    for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+      self.push(arguments[i])
+    }
+  }
+
+  return self
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.removeNode = function (node) {
+  if (node.list !== this) {
+    throw new Error('removing node which does not belong to this list')
+  }
+
+  var next = node.next
+  var prev = node.prev
+
+  if (next) {
+    next.prev = prev
+  }
+
+  if (prev) {
+    prev.next = next
+  }
+
+  if (node === this.head) {
+    this.head = next
+  }
+  if (node === this.tail) {
+    this.tail = prev
+  }
+
+  node.list.length--
+  node.next = null
+  node.prev = null
+  node.list = null
+
+  return next
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.unshiftNode = function (node) {
+  if (node === this.head) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (node.list) {
+    node.list.removeNode(node)
+  }
+
+  var head = this.head
+  node.list = this
+  node.next = head
+  if (head) {
+    head.prev = node
+  }
+
+  this.head = node
+  if (!this.tail) {
+    this.tail = node
+  }
+  this.length++
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.pushNode = function (node) {
+  if (node === this.tail) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (node.list) {
+    node.list.removeNode(node)
+  }
+
+  var tail = this.tail
+  node.list = this
+  node.prev = tail
+  if (tail) {
+    tail.next = node
+  }
+
+  this.tail = node
+  if (!this.head) {
+    this.head = node
+  }
+  this.length++
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.push = function () {
+  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+    push(this, arguments[i])
+  }
+  return this.length
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.unshift = function () {
+  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+    unshift(this, arguments[i])
+  }
+  return this.length
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.pop = function () {
+  if (!this.tail) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  var res = this.tail.value
+  this.tail = this.tail.prev
+  if (this.tail) {
+    this.tail.next = null
+  } else {
+    this.head = null
+  }
+  this.length--
+  return res
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.shift = function () {
+  if (!this.head) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  var res = this.head.value
+  this.head = this.head.next
+  if (this.head) {
+    this.head.prev = null
+  } else {
+    this.tail = null
+  }
+  this.length--
+  return res
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.forEach = function (fn, thisp) {
+  thisp = thisp || this
+  for (var walker = this.head, i = 0; walker !== null; i++) {
+    fn.call(thisp, walker.value, i, this)
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.forEachReverse = function (fn, thisp) {
+  thisp = thisp || this
+  for (var walker = this.tail, i = this.length - 1; walker !== null; i--) {
+    fn.call(thisp, walker.value, i, this)
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.get = function (n) {
+  for (var i = 0, walker = this.head; walker !== null && i < n; i++) {
+    // abort out of the list early if we hit a cycle
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+  if (i === n && walker !== null) {
+    return walker.value
+  }
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.getReverse = function (n) {
+  for (var i = 0, walker = this.tail; walker !== null && i < n; i++) {
+    // abort out of the list early if we hit a cycle
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+  if (i === n && walker !== null) {
+    return walker.value
+  }
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.map = function (fn, thisp) {
+  thisp = thisp || this
+  var res = new Yallist()
+  for (var walker = this.head; walker !== null;) {
+    res.push(fn.call(thisp, walker.value, this))
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+  return res
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.mapReverse = function (fn, thisp) {
+  thisp = thisp || this
+  var res = new Yallist()
+  for (var walker = this.tail; walker !== null;) {
+    res.push(fn.call(thisp, walker.value, this))
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+  return res
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.reduce = function (fn, initial) {
+  var acc
+  var walker = this.head
+  if (arguments.length > 1) {
+    acc = initial
+  } else if (this.head) {
+    walker = this.head.next
+    acc = this.head.value
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Reduce of empty list with no initial value')
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; walker !== null; i++) {
+    acc = fn(acc, walker.value, i)
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+
+  return acc
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.reduceReverse = function (fn, initial) {
+  var acc
+  var walker = this.tail
+  if (arguments.length > 1) {
+    acc = initial
+  } else if (this.tail) {
+    walker = this.tail.prev
+    acc = this.tail.value
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError('Reduce of empty list with no initial value')
+  }
+
+  for (var i = this.length - 1; walker !== null; i--) {
+    acc = fn(acc, walker.value, i)
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+
+  return acc
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.toArray = function () {
+  var arr = new Array(this.length)
+  for (var i = 0, walker = this.head; walker !== null; i++) {
+    arr[i] = walker.value
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+  return arr
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.toArrayReverse = function () {
+  var arr = new Array(this.length)
+  for (var i = 0, walker = this.tail; walker !== null; i++) {
+    arr[i] = walker.value
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+  return arr
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.slice = function (from, to) {
+  to = to || this.length
+  if (to < 0) {
+    to += this.length
+  }
+  from = from || 0
+  if (from < 0) {
+    from += this.length
+  }
+  var ret = new Yallist()
+  if (to < from || to < 0) {
+    return ret
+  }
+  if (from < 0) {
+    from = 0
+  }
+  if (to > this.length) {
+    to = this.length
+  }
+  for (var i = 0, walker = this.head; walker !== null && i < from; i++) {
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+  for (; walker !== null && i < to; i++, walker = walker.next) {
+    ret.push(walker.value)
+  }
+  return ret
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.sliceReverse = function (from, to) {
+  to = to || this.length
+  if (to < 0) {
+    to += this.length
+  }
+  from = from || 0
+  if (from < 0) {
+    from += this.length
+  }
+  var ret = new Yallist()
+  if (to < from || to < 0) {
+    return ret
+  }
+  if (from < 0) {
+    from = 0
+  }
+  if (to > this.length) {
+    to = this.length
+  }
+  for (var i = this.length, walker = this.tail; walker !== null && i > to; i--) {
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+  for (; walker !== null && i > from; i--, walker = walker.prev) {
+    ret.push(walker.value)
+  }
+  return ret
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.splice = function (start, deleteCount, ...nodes) {
+  if (start > this.length) {
+    start = this.length - 1
+  }
+  if (start < 0) {
+    start = this.length + start;
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0, walker = this.head; walker !== null && i < start; i++) {
+    walker = walker.next
+  }
+
+  var ret = []
+  for (var i = 0; walker && i < deleteCount; i++) {
+    ret.push(walker.value)
+    walker = this.removeNode(walker)
+  }
+  if (walker === null) {
+    walker = this.tail
+  }
+
+  if (walker !== this.head && walker !== this.tail) {
+    walker = walker.prev
+  }
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+    walker = insert(this, walker, nodes[i])
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+Yallist.prototype.reverse = function () {
+  var head = this.head
+  var tail = this.tail
+  for (var walker = head; walker !== null; walker = walker.prev) {
+    var p = walker.prev
+    walker.prev = walker.next
+    walker.next = p
+  }
+  this.head = tail
+  this.tail = head
+  return this
+}
+
+function insert (self, node, value) {
+  var inserted = node === self.head ?
+    new Node(value, null, node, self) :
+    new Node(value, node, node.next, self)
+
+  if (inserted.next === null) {
+    self.tail = inserted
+  }
+  if (inserted.prev === null) {
+    self.head = inserted
+  }
+
+  self.length++
+
+  return inserted
+}
+
+function push (self, item) {
+  self.tail = new Node(item, self.tail, null, self)
+  if (!self.head) {
+    self.head = self.tail
+  }
+  self.length++
+}
+
+function unshift (self, item) {
+  self.head = new Node(item, null, self.head, self)
+  if (!self.tail) {
+    self.tail = self.head
+  }
+  self.length++
+}
+
+function Node (value, prev, next, list) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Node)) {
+    return new Node(value, prev, next, list)
+  }
+
+  this.list = list
+  this.value = value
+
+  if (prev) {
+    prev.next = this
+    this.prev = prev
+  } else {
+    this.prev = null
+  }
+
+  if (next) {
+    next.prev = this
+    this.next = next
+  } else {
+    this.next = null
+  }
+}
+
+try {
+  // add if support for Symbol.iterator is present
+  require('./iterator.js')(Yallist)
+} catch (er) {}
diff --git a/backend/package-lock.json b/backend/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39910675e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1225 @@
+{
+  "name": "backend",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 1,
+  "requires": true,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@mapbox/node-pre-gyp": {
+      "version": "1.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/-/node-pre-gyp-1.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4srsKPXWlIxp5Vbqz5uLfBN+du2fJChBoYn/f2h991WLdk7jUvcSk/McVLSv/X+xQIPI8eGD5GjrnygdyHnhPA==",
+      "requires": {
+        "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xtend/-/xtend-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LKYU1iAXJXUgAXn9URjiu+MWhyUXHsvfp7mcuYm9dSUKK0/CjtrUwFAxD82/mCWbtLsGjFIad0wIsod4zrTAEQ=="
+    },
+    "yallist": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3wdGidZyq5PB084XLES5TpOSRA3wjXAlIWMhum2kRcv/41Sn2emQ0dycQW4uZXLejwKvg6EsvbdlVL+FYEct7A=="
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/package.json b/backend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd863cf98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "name": "backend",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "main": "server.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
+  },
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "axios": "^0.21.1",
+    "bcrypt": "^5.0.1",
+    "brcypt": "^1.0.1",
+    "cors": "^2.8.5",
+    "express": "^4.17.1",
+    "jsonwebtoken": "^8.5.1",
+    "mongoose": "^5.12.14",
+    "multer": "^1.4.2"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/routes/categoryRoute.js b/backend/routes/categoryRoute.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02b8d4569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/routes/categoryRoute.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+const express = require("express");
+const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const router = express.Router();
+const category= require('../models/categoryModel');
+const { find, findOne } = require("../models/categoryModel");
+
+router.route("/category").post((req, res) => {
+
+    const name = req.body.name;
+    const createdat = req.body.createdat;
+    const user_id= req.body.user_id;
+    const updatedat = req.body.updatedat;
+
+   
+    const Category = new category({
+
+        name,
+        user_id,
+        createdat,
+  
+        updatedat
+
+    });
+
+
+    Category.save();
+})
+
+
+
+
+
+module.exports = router;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/routes/itemRoute.js b/backend/routes/itemRoute.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7195ae4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/routes/itemRoute.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+const express = require("express");
+const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const router = express.Router();
+const multer = require('multer');
+
+const item = require("../models/itemModel");
+
+
+const storage = multer.diskStorage({
+    //destination for files
+    destination: function (request, file, callback) {
+        callback(null, './public/uploads/Image');
+    },
+
+    //add back the extension
+    filename: function (request, file, callback) {
+        callback(null, Date.now() + file.originalname);
+    },
+});
+
+//upload parameters for multer
+const upload = multer({
+    storage: storage,
+    limits: {
+        fieldSize: 1024 * 1024 * 3,
+    },
+});
+
+router.post("/item",upload.single('image'),(req, res) => {
+
+    const name = req.body.name;
+    const category_id = req.body.category_id;
+    const note = req.body.note;
+    const image = req.body.image;
+
+
+    const Item = new item({
+
+        name,
+        category_id,
+        note,
+        image
+
+    });
+
+
+    Item.save();
+})
+
+router.route('/home').get(async (req, res) => {
+    try {
+        res.send(await item.find());
+
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        res.send(error);
+    }
+});
+
+router.route('/item').delete(async (req, res) => {
+
+    try {
+        await item.findOneAndDelete({ id: req.body.id });
+        res.send("it was deleted");
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        res.send(error);
+    }
+});
+
+module.exports = router;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/routes/listRoute.js b/backend/routes/listRoute.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5982b94a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/routes/listRoute.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+const express = require("express");
+const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const router = express.Router();
+const list = require('../models/listModel');
+const { find, findOne } = require("../models/categoryModel");
+
+router.route("/category").post((req, res) => {
+
+    const name = req.body.name;
+    const createdat = req.body.createdat;
+    const user_id = req.body.user_id;
+    const updatedat = req.body.updatedat;
+
+
+    const List = new list({
+
+        name,
+        user_id,
+        createdat,
+
+        updatedat
+
+    });
+
+
+    List.save();
+})
+
+router.route("/home").post((req, res) => {
+
+const item = req.body.add;
+
+items.add(item);
+});
+
+
+
+
+
+
+module.exports = router;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/routes/userRoute.js b/backend/routes/userRoute.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd60b2845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/routes/userRoute.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+const express = require("express");
+const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const router = express.Router();
+const user = require('../models/userModel');
+
+router.route("/register").post((req, res) => {
+
+    const username = req.body.username;
+    const email = req.body.email;
+    const password = req.body.password;
+  
+    const User = new user({
+
+        username,
+        email,
+        password
+  
+    });
+
+
+    User.save();
+})
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+module.exports = router;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/server.js b/backend/server.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1876ece3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/server.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+const express = require('express');
+const app = express();
+const cors = require('cors');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const mongoose = require('mongoose');
+mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/Assignment2', { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });
+
+app.use(cors());
+
+app.use(express.json());
+
+
+
+
+
+app.use("/", require("./routes/userRoute"));
+
+app.use("/", require("./routes/categoryRoute"));
+
+app.use("/", require("./routes/itemRoute"));
+
+app.use("/", require("./routes/listRoute"));
+
+
+
+
+
+
+app.listen(3001, () => {
+
+    console.log(" we are connected");
+})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/.gitignore b/frontend/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d29575de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# See https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/ for more about ignoring files.
+
+# dependencies
+/node_modules
+/.pnp
+.pnp.js
+
+# testing
+/coverage
+
+# production
+/build
+
+# misc
+.DS_Store
+.env.local
+.env.development.local
+.env.test.local
+.env.production.local
+
+npm-debug.log*
+yarn-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
diff --git a/frontend/README.md b/frontend/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c83cde2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Getting Started with Create React App
+
+This project was bootstrapped with [Create React App](https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app).
+
+## Available Scripts
+
+In the project directory, you can run:
+
+### `npm start`
+
+Runs the app in the development mode.\
+Open [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000) to view it in the browser.
+
+The page will reload if you make edits.\
+You will also see any lint errors in the console.
+
+### `npm test`
+
+Launches the test runner in the interactive watch mode.\
+See the section about [running tests](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/running-tests) for more information.
+
+### `npm run build`
+
+Builds the app for production to the `build` folder.\
+It correctly bundles React in production mode and optimizes the build for the best performance.
+
+The build is minified and the filenames include the hashes.\
+Your app is ready to be deployed!
+
+See the section about [deployment](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/deployment) for more information.
+
+### `npm run eject`
+
+**Note: this is a one-way operation. Once you `eject`, you can’t go back!**
+
+If you aren’t satisfied with the build tool and configuration choices, you can `eject` at any time. This command will remove the single build dependency from your project.
+
+Instead, it will copy all the configuration files and the transitive dependencies (webpack, Babel, ESLint, etc) right into your project so you have full control over them. All of the commands except `eject` will still work, but they will point to the copied scripts so you can tweak them. At this point you’re on your own.
+
+You don’t have to ever use `eject`. The curated feature set is suitable for small and middle deployments, and you shouldn’t feel obligated to use this feature. However we understand that this tool wouldn’t be useful if you couldn’t customize it when you are ready for it.
+
+## Learn More
+
+You can learn more in the [Create React App documentation](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/getting-started).
+
+To learn React, check out the [React documentation](https://reactjs.org/).
+
+### Code Splitting
+
+This section has moved here: [https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/code-splitting](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/code-splitting)
+
+### Analyzing the Bundle Size
+
+This section has moved here: [https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/analyzing-the-bundle-size](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/analyzing-the-bundle-size)
+
+### Making a Progressive Web App
+
+This section has moved here: [https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/making-a-progressive-web-app](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/making-a-progressive-web-app)
+
+### Advanced Configuration
+
+This section has moved here: [https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/advanced-configuration](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/advanced-configuration)
+
+### Deployment
+
+This section has moved here: [https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/deployment](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/deployment)
+
+### `npm run build` fails to minify
+
+This section has moved here: [https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/troubleshooting#npm-run-build-fails-to-minify](https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/troubleshooting#npm-run-build-fails-to-minify)
diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12ef4ef00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16656 @@
+{
+  "name": "frontend",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 1,
+  "requires": true,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@babel/code-frame": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.14.5.tgz",
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+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/highlight": "^7.14.5"
+      }
+    },
+    "@babel/compat-data": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/compat-data/-/compat-data-7.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kixrYn4JwfAVPa0f2yfzc2AWti6WRRyO3XjWW5PJAvtE11qhSayrrcrEnee05KAtNaPC+EwehE8Qt1UedEVB8w=="
+    },
+    "@babel/core": {
+      "version": "7.12.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.12.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0qXcZYKZp3/6N2jKYVxZv0aNCsxTSVCiK72DTiTYZAu7sjg73W0/aynWjMbiGd87EQL4WyA8reiJVh92AVla9g==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.10.4",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.12.1",
+        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.12.1",
+        "@babel/helpers": "^7.12.1",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.12.3",
+        "@babel/template": "^7.10.4",
+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.12.1",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.12.1",
+        "convert-source-map": "^1.7.0",
+        "debug": "^4.1.0",
+        "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
+        "json5": "^2.1.2",
+        "lodash": "^4.17.19",
+        "resolve": "^1.3.2",
+        "semver": "^5.4.1",
+        "source-map": "^0.5.0"
+      },
+      "dependencies": {
+        "semver": {
+          "version": "5.7.1",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
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+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "@babel/generator": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-y3rlP+/G25OIX3mYKKIOlQRcqj7YgrvHxOLbVmyLJ9bPmi5ttvUmpydVjcFjZphOktWuA7ovbx91ECloWTfjIA==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/types": "^7.14.5",
+        "jsesc": "^2.5.1",
+        "source-map": "^0.5.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure/-/helper-annotate-as-pure-7.14.5.tgz",
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+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/types": "^7.14.5"
+      }
+    },
+    "@babel/helper-builder-binary-assignment-operator-visitor": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-builder-binary-assignment-operator-visitor/-/helper-builder-binary-assignment-operator-visitor-7.14.5.tgz",
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+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/helper-explode-assignable-expression": "^7.14.5",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.14.5"
+      }
+    },
+    "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": {
+      "version": "7.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-compilation-targets/-/helper-compilation-targets-7.14.5.tgz",
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+      "requires": {
+        "@babel/compat-data": "^7.14.5",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-option": "^7.14.5",
+        "browserslist": "^4.16.6",
+        "semver": "^6.3.0"
+      },
+      "dependencies": {
+        "semver": {
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+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
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+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin": {
+      "version": "7.14.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin/-/helper-create-class-features-plugin-7.14.6.tgz",
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+      "requires": {
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+      "requires": {
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+        "@babel/helper-module-imports": "^7.12.13",
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+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.13.0",
+        "debug": "^4.1.1",
+        "lodash.debounce": "^4.0.8",
+        "resolve": "^1.14.2",
+        "semver": "^6.1.2"
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+      "dependencies": {
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+        }
+      }
+    },
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+      }
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+      }
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+}
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b80d8ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "name": "frontend",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "proxy": "http://localhost:3001",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.14.1",
+    "@testing-library/react": "^11.2.7",
+    "@testing-library/user-event": "^12.8.3",
+    "axios": "^0.21.1",
+    "bootstrap": "^5.0.2",
+    "react": "^17.0.2",
+    "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
+    "react-router": "^5.2.0",
+    "react-scripts": "4.0.3",
+    "tailwindcss": "^2.2.2",
+    "web-vitals": "^1.1.2"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "react-scripts start",
+    "build": "react-scripts build",
+    "test": "react-scripts test",
+    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": [
+      "react-app",
+      "react-app/jest"
+    ]
+  },
+  "browserslist": {
+    "production": [
+      ">0.2%",
+      "not dead",
+      "not op_mini all"
+    ],
+    "development": [
+      "last 1 chrome version",
+      "last 1 firefox version",
+      "last 1 safari version"
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/public/favicon.ico b/frontend/public/favicon.ico
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a11777cc4
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/favicon.ico differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/images/chariot.jpg b/frontend/public/images/chariot.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec7cd42be
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/images/chariot.jpg differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/images/heart.PNG b/frontend/public/images/heart.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..193b6f3dc
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/images/heart.PNG differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/images/items.png b/frontend/public/images/items.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bd5c1eee
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/images/items.png differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/images/search.png b/frontend/public/images/search.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19087505d
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/images/search.png differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/index.html b/frontend/public/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa069f27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/public/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+    <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
+    <meta
+      name="description"
+      content="Web site created using create-react-app"
+    />
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/logo192.png" />
+    <!--
+      manifest.json provides metadata used when your web app is installed on a
+      user's mobile device or desktop. See https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/web-app-manifest/
+    -->
+    <link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" />
+    <!--
+      Notice the use of %PUBLIC_URL% in the tags above.
+      It will be replaced with the URL of the `public` folder during the build.
+      Only files inside the `public` folder can be referenced from the HTML.
+
+      Unlike "/favicon.ico" or "favicon.ico", "%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" will
+      work correctly both with client-side routing and a non-root public URL.
+      Learn how to configure a non-root public URL by running `npm run build`.
+    -->
+    <title>React App</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <!--
+      This HTML file is a template.
+      If you open it directly in the browser, you will see an empty page.
+
+      You can add webfonts, meta tags, or analytics to this file.
+      The build step will place the bundled scripts into the <body> tag.
+
+      To begin the development, run `npm start` or `yarn start`.
+      To create a production bundle, use `npm run build` or `yarn build`.
+    -->
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/frontend/public/logo192.png b/frontend/public/logo192.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc44b0a37
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/logo192.png differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/logo512.png b/frontend/public/logo512.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4e47a654
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontend/public/logo512.png differ
diff --git a/frontend/public/manifest.json b/frontend/public/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..080d6c77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/public/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "short_name": "React App",
+  "name": "Create React App Sample",
+  "icons": [
+    {
+      "src": "favicon.ico",
+      "sizes": "64x64 32x32 24x24 16x16",
+      "type": "image/x-icon"
+    },
+    {
+      "src": "logo192.png",
+      "type": "image/png",
+      "sizes": "192x192"
+    },
+    {
+      "src": "logo512.png",
+      "type": "image/png",
+      "sizes": "512x512"
+    }
+  ],
+  "start_url": ".",
+  "display": "standalone",
+  "theme_color": "#000000",
+  "background_color": "#ffffff"
+}
diff --git a/frontend/public/robots.txt b/frontend/public/robots.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9e57dc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/public/robots.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# https://www.robotstxt.org/robotstxt.html
+User-agent: *
+Disallow:
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.css b/frontend/src/App.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74b5e0534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/App.css
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+.App {
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.App-logo {
+  height: 40vmin;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
+  .App-logo {
+    animation: App-logo-spin infinite 20s linear;
+  }
+}
+
+.App-header {
+  background-color: #282c34;
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  font-size: calc(10px + 2vmin);
+  color: white;
+}
+
+.App-link {
+  color: #61dafb;
+}
+
+@keyframes App-logo-spin {
+  from {
+    transform: rotate(0deg);
+  }
+  to {
+    transform: rotate(360deg);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.js b/frontend/src/App.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75b0670d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/App.js
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Switch, Link } from 'react-router-dom';
+import './App.css';
+import Navbar from './components/Navbar';
+import Home from './components/Home';
+import Register from './components/Register';
+import Category from './components/Category';
+import Item from './components/Item';
+import Barleft from './components/Barleft';
+import List from'./components/List';
+import Login from './components/Login';
+
+
+function App() {
+  return (
+    <Router>
+      <div className="App">
+        <h1 className="one"> Shoppingify</h1> <h1> allow you take your shopping list whenever you go </h1>
+        <div className="links3">
+          <Link to="/login"> Login</Link>
+        </div>
+        <div className="links4">
+          <Link to="/register">Register</Link>
+        </div>
+      
+         <div className="content">
+          <Switch>
+
+            
+            <Route exact path='/Navbar'>
+              <Category />
+            </Route>
+
+            <Route exact path='/barleft'>
+              <Barleft/>
+            </Route>
+
+
+
+            <Route exact path='/category'>
+              <Category/>
+            </Route>
+
+            <Route exact path='/register'>
+              <Register />
+            </Route>
+
+
+
+            <Route exact path='/item'>
+
+              <Item />
+            </Route>
+
+            <Route exact path='/list'>
+
+              <List />
+            </Route>
+            
+
+            <Route exact path='/home'>
+
+              <Home />
+            </Route>
+
+
+            <Route exact path='/login'>
+
+              <Login />
+            </Route>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+          </Switch>
+
+
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </Router>
+  );
+}
+
+export default App;
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.test.js b/frontend/src/App.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f03afeec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/App.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import App from './App';
+
+test('renders learn react link', () => {
+  render(<App />);
+  const linkElement = screen.getByText(/learn react/i);
+  expect(linkElement).toBeInTheDocument();
+});
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Barleft.js b/frontend/src/components/Barleft.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5db31bc68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Barleft.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { useHistory } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
+
+const Barleft = () => {
+
+    const history = useHistory();
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+ 
+
+    })
+
+   
+    return ( 
+
+
+     <div className="barleft">
+
+            <img src="/images/heart.PNG" class="rounded float-left" alt="" className="image" />
+
+            <img src="/images/chariot.jpg" class="rounded float-left" alt="" className="image1" />
+
+                
+            <Link to ="/home"><img src="/images/items.png" class="rounded float-left" alt="" className="image2" /> </Link>
+           
+              
+             
+     
+ </div>
+
+           
+
+                
+     );
+}
+ 
+export default Barleft;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Category.js b/frontend/src/components/Category.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d87fe603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Category.js
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import axios from "axios";
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { useHistory } from "react-router";
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+const   Category= () => {
+
+    const [name, setname] = useState('');
+    const [createdat, setcreatedat] = useState('');
+    const [updatedat, setupdatedat] = useState('');
+    const [user_id, setuser_id] = useState('');
+    const history=useHistory();
+
+   
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+        
+        history.push('/home');
+        const Category = { name,user_id, createdat, updatedat };
+
+        axios.post('http://localhost:3001/category', Category)
+    })
+
+
+    return (
+
+        <div className="category">
+
+            <h2> Add category</h2>
+
+
+
+            <form>
+
+                <label> Name: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={name}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setname(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label> user_id: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={user_id}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setuser_id(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label>  Created at: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={createdat}
+                    onChange={(e) => setcreatedat(e.target.value)} />
+
+                
+
+                <label>  Updated at: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={updatedat}
+                    onChange={(e) => setupdatedat(e.target.value)} />
+
+                <button onClick={handleSubmit}> Add it </button>
+
+
+
+
+
+            </form>
+
+        </div>
+
+
+    );
+}
+
+
+export default Category;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Home.js b/frontend/src/components/Home.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62f97c697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Home.js
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
+import Navbar from "./Navbar";
+import Barleft from "./Barleft";
+import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
+
+const Home = () => {
+
+
+  
+  const [search, setsearch] = useState('');
+  const [items, setitems] = useState([{
+
+    name: " ",
+   // Category: " ",
+
+  }])
+
+  const [add, setadd]= useState('');
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetch("/home").then(res => {
+
+      if (res.ok) {
+        return res.json();
+      }
+    }).then((data) => setitems(data));
+  })
+
+
+
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+      
+    })
+
+ 
+    return (
+
+      <div className="one">
+       
+       <Navbar/>
+
+       <Barleft/>
+
+      <div className="search">
+          <input
+            type="text"
+            required
+            value={search}
+            onChange={(e) => setsearch(e.target.value)}
+          />
+
+
+          <button onClick={handleSubmit} >
+            <img src="/images/search.png" alt="" className="imagesearch" />
+          </button>
+
+
+         
+
+
+
+      </div>
+    
+       <div className="see">
+
+          {items.filter((val) => { return val.name.toLowerCase().includes(search.toLowerCase()); })
+
+          
+          
+         . map((val) =>
+
+
+              <div class="card">
+              <img
+               src={val.image}
+               alt={val.image}
+               class='image'
+             
+             />
+             <h1> {val.name} </h1>
+
+            
+             <p><button >Add to list </button></p>
+             <p><button> Delete item </button></p>
+            
+              </div>)} 
+              
+          
+              
+               </div>
+
+
+
+            </div>
+
+
+
+            
+
+       
+
+     
+      );
+}
+ 
+export default Home;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Item.js b/frontend/src/components/Item.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad7250599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Item.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import axios from "axios";
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import { useHistory } from 'react-router-dom';
+
+
+
+
+
+const Login = () => {
+
+    const [name, setname] = useState('');
+    const [category_id, setcategory_id] = useState('');
+    const [note, setnote] = useState('');
+    const [image, setimage] = useState('');
+
+
+    const history = useHistory();
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+        history.push('/home');
+
+        const Item = { name, category_id,note , image};
+
+   
+
+        axios.post('http://localhost:3001/item', Item)
+    })
+
+
+    return (
+
+        <div className="item">
+
+            <h2> Add Item </h2>
+
+
+
+            <form>
+
+                <label> Name: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={name}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setname(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label> category_id: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={category_id}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setcategory_id(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label>  note (optional): </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={note}
+                    onChange={(e) => setnote(e.target.value)} />
+
+
+
+                <label>  Image (optional): </label>
+
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={image}
+                    onChange={(e) => setimage(e.target.value)} />
+                
+
+                <button onClick={handleSubmit}> Add item</button>
+
+
+
+
+
+            </form>
+
+        </div>
+
+
+    );
+}
+
+
+export default Login;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/List.js b/frontend/src/components/List.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3610e22f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/List.js
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+
+import axios from "axios";
+import { useHistory } from "react-router";
+const List = () => {
+
+
+    const [name, setname] = useState('');
+    const [createdat, setcreatedat] = useState('');
+    const [updatedat, setupdatedat] = useState('');
+    const [user_id, setuser_id] = useState('');
+    const history=useHistory();
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+        history.push('/home');
+
+        const List = { name, user_id, createdat, updatedat };
+
+        axios.post('http://localhost:3001/list', List)
+    })
+
+
+    return ( 
+
+      <div className="list">
+           
+           
+            <h2> Add list</h2>
+
+            <form>
+
+                <label> Name: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={name}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setname(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label> user_id: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={user_id}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setuser_id(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label>  Created at: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={createdat}
+                    onChange={(e) => setcreatedat(e.target.value)} />
+
+
+
+                <label>  Updated at: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={updatedat}
+                    onChange={(e) => setupdatedat(e.target.value)} />
+
+                <button onClick={handleSubmit}> Add list </button>
+
+
+
+
+
+            </form>
+
+      </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+     );
+}
+ 
+export default List;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Login.js b/frontend/src/components/Login.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa426847c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Login.js
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import axios from "axios";
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import { useHistory } from 'react-router-dom';
+
+
+
+
+
+const Login = () => {
+
+    const [email, setemail] = useState('');
+    const [password, setpassword] = useState('');
+  
+
+    const history = useHistory();
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+
+        history.push('/home');
+
+        const verify = {
+            email: email,
+            password: password
+        }
+
+        console.log(email, password)
+
+        axios.post('http://localhost:3001/login', verify).then(function (Response) {
+           
+        
+
+            console.log(Response);
+        })
+    })
+
+
+    return (
+
+        <div className="login">
+         
+            <h2> Login to our Website</h2>
+
+
+
+            <form>
+
+                <label>  Email: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={email}
+
+                    onChange={(e) => setemail(e.target.value)}
+                />
+
+                <label>  Password: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={password}
+                    onChange={(e) => setpassword(e.target.value)} />
+
+                <button onClick={handleSubmit}> Sign in </button>
+
+
+
+
+            </form>
+
+        </div>
+
+
+    );
+}
+
+
+export default Login;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Navbar.js b/frontend/src/components/Navbar.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4654b734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Navbar.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import Home from './Home';
+
+const Navbar = () => {
+    
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e => {
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+   
+      
+    })
+    return ( 
+
+        <nav className="navbar">
+          
+         
+        
+          <div className="search" >
+            
+           <div className="links">
+          <Link to="/item">Add item </Link>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="links1">
+          <Link to="/category">Add Category</Link>
+          </div>
+         <div className="links2">
+                    <Link to="/list">Add list</Link>
+        </div>
+          </div>
+        </nav>
+     );
+}
+ 
+export default Navbar;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Register.js b/frontend/src/components/Register.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67237f5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Register.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { useState , useHistory } from "react";
+import axios from "axios";
+
+const Register = () => {
+
+    const [username, setusername] = useState('');
+    const [email, setemail] = useState('');
+    const [password, setpassword] = useState('');
+    const [message, setmessage] = useState(false);
+  
+
+    const handleSubmit = (e) => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+
+      
+
+        const User = { username, email, password};
+
+        axios.post('http://localhost:3001/register', User);
+       
+
+        
+        setmessage(true)
+
+       
+    }
+
+
+    return (
+
+        <div className="register">
+
+            <h2> Register to our Website</h2>
+            <form>
+                <label>  Username: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={username}
+                    onChange={(e) => setusername(e.target.value)} />
+
+                <label>  Email: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={email}
+                    onChange={(e) => setemail(e.target.value)} />
+
+                <label>  Password: </label>
+                <input
+                    type="text"
+                    required
+                    value={password}
+                    onChange={(e) => setpassword(e.target.value)} />
+
+             
+                
+
+                <button onClick={handleSubmit}> Sign up </button>
+
+                {message && <h2> Welcome to our website now please login {username}</h2>}
+
+            </form>
+
+        </div>
+
+    );
+}
+
+export default Register;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/index.css b/frontend/src/index.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b4c35391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/index.css
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Quicksand:wght@300;400;500;600;700&display=swap');
+
+/* base styles */
+* {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-family: "Quicksand";
+  color: #333;
+}
+.navbar {
+  padding: 20px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  max-width: 600px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
+}
+.one{
+  height: 66px;
+width: 450.29400634765625px;
+left: 174.418212890625px;
+top: 37.49853515625px;
+border-radius: nullpx;
+
+  color: orange;
+}
+.navbar h1 {
+height: 66px;
+width: 450.29400634765625px;
+left: 174.418212890625px;
+top: 37.49853515625px;
+border-radius: nullpx;
+
+
+}
+.navbar input{
+
+   width: 200%;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  border: 1px solid #ddd;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: block;
+}
+
+
+.imagesearch {
+
+height: 18.47963523864746px;
+width: 18.46880340576172px;
+left: 681.07080078125px;
+top: 27.7099609375px;
+border-radius: 0px;
+
+
+}
+
+.search {
+
+  height: 50.9162712097168px;
+width: 275.60760498046875px;
+float: left;
+top: 27.7099609375px;
+border-radius: 12px;}
+
+.image {
+
+top: 100%;
+
+}
+
+.image1 {
+
+height: 42px;
+width: 42px;
+border-radius: 0px;
+position: fixed;
+top: 540px;
+float: left
+
+ 
+}
+
+.image2 {
+
+  height: 16.25px;
+width: 20.04166603088379px;
+left: 2.708251953125px;
+top: 4.875px;
+border-radius: 0px;
+
+}
+ .links {
+  margin-left: auto;
+}
+
+.barleft{
+  height: 907px;
+width: 93.915283203125px;
+float: left;
+top: -15px;
+border-radius: 0px;
+
+}
+
+
+.item {
+
+  height: 907px;
+width: 93.915283203125px;
+float: right;
+top: -15px;
+border-radius: 0px;
+
+}
+
+.item label  {
+  text-align: left;
+  display: block;
+}
+.item h2  {
+  font-size: 20px;
+  color:orange;
+  margin-bottom: 30px;
+}
+.item input{
+  width: 300%;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  border: 1px solid #ddd;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: block;
+}
+.item button{
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.category label  {
+  text-align: left;
+  display: block;
+}
+.category h2  {
+  top: 50px;
+  font-size: 20px;
+  color: orange;
+  margin-bottom: 30px;
+}
+.category input{
+  width: 50%;
+    display: block;
+  margin-right: auto;
+  margin-left: auto;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  border: 1px solid #ddd;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: block;
+}
+.category button{
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.links {
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.links1 {
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  float:left;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+ .navbar .links .links1 {
+  margin-left: auto;
+}
+.see {
+  font-size: 5px;
+  color: #f1356d;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+  text-align: left;
+  top: 100px
+}
+.card {
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+  max-width: 150px;
+  margin: auto;
+  text-align: center;
+  font-family: arial;
+}
+.card button {
+  border: none;
+  outline: 0;
+  padding: 12px;
+  color: white;
+  background-color: #000;
+  text-align: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  width: 100%;
+  font-size: 18px;
+}
+
+.card button:hover {
+  opacity: 0.7;
+}
+.card .image {
+  width:100%
+}
+
+.list {
+
+  height: 907px;
+width: 93.915283203125px;
+float: right;
+top: -15px;
+border-radius: 0px;
+
+}
+
+.list label  {
+  text-align: left;
+  display: block;
+}
+.list h2  {
+  font-size: 20px;
+  color:orange;
+  margin-bottom: 30px;
+}
+.list input{
+  width: 300%;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  border: 1px solid #ddd;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: block;
+}
+.list button{
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.see {margin: 0 -5px;}
+
+/* Clear floats after the columns */
+.see:after {
+  content: "";
+  display: table;
+  clear: both;
+}
+
+.register{
+  max-width: 400px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+.register label  {
+  text-align: left;
+  display: block;
+}
+.register h2  {
+  font-size: 20px;
+  color: orange;
+  margin-bottom: 30px;
+}
+.register input, .create textarea, .register select {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  border: 1px solid #ddd;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: block;
+}
+
+.register button{
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.register p {
+ color: orange; }
+
+
+ .login{
+  max-width: 400px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+.login label  {
+  text-align: left;
+  display: block;
+}
+.login h2  {
+  font-size: 20px;
+  color: orange;
+  margin-bottom: 30px;
+}
+.login input, .create textarea, .register select {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  margin: 10px 0;
+  border: 1px solid #ddd;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: block;
+}
+
+.login button{
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.login p {
+ color: orange; }
+
+
+ .links3 {
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+   width: 100px;
+
+}
+.links4{
+  background: orange;
+  color: #fff;
+  border: 0;
+ 
+  padding: 8px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  width: 100px;
+}
+.hello {
+   color: orange;
+}
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/index.js b/frontend/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef2edf8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import React from 'react';
+import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
+import './index.css';
+import App from './App';
+import reportWebVitals from './reportWebVitals';
+
+ReactDOM.render(
+  <React.StrictMode>
+    <App />
+  </React.StrictMode>,
+  document.getElementById('root')
+);
+
+// If you want to start measuring performance in your app, pass a function
+// to log results (for example: reportWebVitals(console.log))
+// or send to an analytics endpoint. Learn more: https://bit.ly/CRA-vitals
+reportWebVitals();
diff --git a/frontend/src/logo.svg b/frontend/src/logo.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9dfc1c058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/logo.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 841.9 595.3"><g fill="#61DAFB"><path d="M666.3 296.5c0-32.5-40.7-63.3-103.1-82.4 14.4-63.6 8-114.2-20.2-130.4-6.5-3.8-14.1-5.6-22.4-5.6v22.3c4.6 0 8.3.9 11.4 2.6 13.6 7.8 19.5 37.5 14.9 75.7-1.1 9.4-2.9 19.3-5.1 29.4-19.6-4.8-41-8.5-63.5-10.9-13.5-18.5-27.5-35.3-41.6-50 32.6-30.3 63.2-46.9 84-46.9V78c-27.5 0-63.5 19.6-99.9 53.6-36.4-33.8-72.4-53.2-99.9-53.2v22.3c20.7 0 51.4 16.5 84 46.6-14 14.7-28 31.4-41.3 49.9-22.6 2.4-44 6.1-63.6 11-2.3-10-4-19.7-5.2-29-4.7-38.2 1.1-67.9 14.6-75.8 3-1.8 6.9-2.6 11.5-2.6V78.5c-8.4 0-16 1.8-22.6 5.6-28.1 16.2-34.4 66.7-19.9 130.1-62.2 19.2-102.7 49.9-102.7 82.3 0 32.5 40.7 63.3 103.1 82.4-14.4 63.6-8 114.2 20.2 130.4 6.5 3.8 14.1 5.6 22.5 5.6 27.5 0 63.5-19.6 99.9-53.6 36.4 33.8 72.4 53.2 99.9 53.2 8.4 0 16-1.8 22.6-5.6 28.1-16.2 34.4-66.7 19.9-130.1 62-19.1 102.5-49.9 102.5-82.3zm-130.2-66.7c-3.7 12.9-8.3 26.2-13.5 39.5-4.1-8-8.4-16-13.1-24-4.6-8-9.5-15.8-14.4-23.4 14.2 2.1 27.9 4.7 41 7.9zm-45.8 106.5c-7.8 13.5-15.8 26.3-24.1 38.2-14.9 1.3-30 2-45.2 2-15.1 0-30.2-.7-45-1.9-8.3-11.9-16.4-24.6-24.2-38-7.6-13.1-14.5-26.4-20.8-39.8 6.2-13.4 13.2-26.8 20.7-39.9 7.8-13.5 15.8-26.3 24.1-38.2 14.9-1.3 30-2 45.2-2 15.1 0 30.2.7 45 1.9 8.3 11.9 16.4 24.6 24.2 38 7.6 13.1 14.5 26.4 20.8 39.8-6.3 13.4-13.2 26.8-20.7 39.9zm32.3-13c5.4 13.4 10 26.8 13.8 39.8-13.1 3.2-26.9 5.9-41.2 8 4.9-7.7 9.8-15.6 14.4-23.7 4.6-8 8.9-16.1 13-24.1zM421.2 430c-9.3-9.6-18.6-20.3-27.8-32 9 .4 18.2.7 27.5.7 9.4 0 18.7-.2 27.8-.7-9 11.7-18.3 22.4-27.5 32zm-74.4-58.9c-14.2-2.1-27.9-4.7-41-7.9 3.7-12.9 8.3-26.2 13.5-39.5 4.1 8 8.4 16 13.1 24 4.7 8 9.5 15.8 14.4 23.4zM420.7 163c9.3 9.6 18.6 20.3 27.8 32-9-.4-18.2-.7-27.5-.7-9.4 0-18.7.2-27.8.7 9-11.7 18.3-22.4 27.5-32zm-74 58.9c-4.9 7.7-9.8 15.6-14.4 23.7-4.6 8-8.9 16-13 24-5.4-13.4-10-26.8-13.8-39.8 13.1-3.1 26.9-5.8 41.2-7.9zm-90.5 125.2c-35.4-15.1-58.3-34.9-58.3-50.6 0-15.7 22.9-35.6 58.3-50.6 8.6-3.7 18-7 27.7-10.1 5.7 19.6 13.2 40 22.5 60.9-9.2 20.8-16.6 41.1-22.2 60.6-9.9-3.1-19.3-6.5-28-10.2zM310 490c-13.6-7.8-19.5-37.5-14.9-75.7 1.1-9.4 2.9-19.3 5.1-29.4 19.6 4.8 41 8.5 63.5 10.9 13.5 18.5 27.5 35.3 41.6 50-32.6 30.3-63.2 46.9-84 46.9-4.5-.1-8.3-1-11.3-2.7zm237.2-76.2c4.7 38.2-1.1 67.9-14.6 75.8-3 1.8-6.9 2.6-11.5 2.6-20.7 0-51.4-16.5-84-46.6 14-14.7 28-31.4 41.3-49.9 22.6-2.4 44-6.1 63.6-11 2.3 10.1 4.1 19.8 5.2 29.1zm38.5-66.7c-8.6 3.7-18 7-27.7 10.1-5.7-19.6-13.2-40-22.5-60.9 9.2-20.8 16.6-41.1 22.2-60.6 9.9 3.1 19.3 6.5 28.1 10.2 35.4 15.1 58.3 34.9 58.3 50.6-.1 15.7-23 35.6-58.4 50.6zM320.8 78.4z"/><circle cx="420.9" cy="296.5" r="45.7"/><path d="M520.5 78.1z"/></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/reportWebVitals.js b/frontend/src/reportWebVitals.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5253d3ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/reportWebVitals.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+const reportWebVitals = onPerfEntry => {
+  if (onPerfEntry && onPerfEntry instanceof Function) {
+    import('web-vitals').then(({ getCLS, getFID, getFCP, getLCP, getTTFB }) => {
+      getCLS(onPerfEntry);
+      getFID(onPerfEntry);
+      getFCP(onPerfEntry);
+      getLCP(onPerfEntry);
+      getTTFB(onPerfEntry);
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+export default reportWebVitals;
diff --git a/frontend/src/setupTests.js b/frontend/src/setupTests.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f2609b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/setupTests.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// jest-dom adds custom jest matchers for asserting on DOM nodes.
+// allows you to do things like:
+// expect(element).toHaveTextContent(/react/i)
+// learn more: https://github.com/testing-library/jest-dom
+import '@testing-library/jest-dom';